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| author | Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 02 May 2013 11:08:12 +0200 |
| parents | 22d6a63640c6 |
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<?xml version="1.0"?> <archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" > <info> <author>Buonamici, Francesco</author> <title>De motu</title> <date>1591</date> <place>Florence</place> <translator></translator> <lang>la</lang> <cvs_file>buona_demot_014_la_1591.xml</cvs_file> <cvs_version></cvs_version> <locator>014.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> </front> <body> <chap> <pb xlink:href="014/01/001.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI </s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Bonamici Florentini</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>E PRIMO LOCO PHILOSOPHIAM</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ordinariam in Almo Gymnaſio Piſano Profitentis,</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV LIBRI X.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>QVIBVS GENERALIA NATVRALIS PHILOSOPHIAE <lb></lb>principia ſummo ſtudio collecta continentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>NECNON VNIVERSAE QVAESTIONES AD LIBROS <lb></lb>De Phyſico auditu, de Cęlo, de Ortu, & Interitu <lb></lb>pertinentes explicantur.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>MVLTA ITEM ARISTOTELIS LOCA EXPLANANTVR, <lb></lb>& Græcorum, Auerrois, aliorumque doctorum ſententiæ ad Theſes <lb></lb>Peripateticas diriguntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>ACCESSIT INDEX CAPITVM, <expan abbr="RERVMq.">RERVMque</expan> MEMORABILIVM.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>AD FERDINANDVM MEDICEM MAGNVM </s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Etruriæ Ducem Sereniſſimum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX SVPERIORVM CONSENSV.</s></p> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s>FLORENTIAE,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Apud Bartholomæum Sermartellium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MDXCI.</s></p> <pb></pb><pb></pb> <p type="main"> <s>FERDINANDO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MED. S. R. E. CARD.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AMPL MAGNOQ ETRVR.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DVCI SERENISSIMO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>FRANCISCVS BONAMICVS A BIFORTO. S. P. D.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>SILEAM ego ſolus, & in tanta totius Etruriæ lætitiæ <lb></lb>dum omnes boni te vnum ſuſpiciunt, te in oculis vnum fe<lb></lb>runt & tibi vno conſenſu gratulantur, iaceam torpens, nec <lb></lb>aliqua ſignificatione meæ erga te pietatis gaudium meum <lb></lb>testificer, ac postquàm meæ lucubrationes multis ab hinc <lb></lb>annis inchoatæ, nunc demum abſolutæ in tua feliciſſima <lb></lb>tempora excurrerunt; patris, <expan abbr="fratrisq́">fratrisque</expan>; tui ſingularis in me <lb></lb>charitatis monimentum diutius condi patiar? </s> <s>E veſtris <lb></lb>ergo magnificentiæ fontibus ortæ ad te properant, & quæ <lb></lb>eſt animi tui benignitas, & celſitudo in aliquo eſſe apud te <lb></lb>loco non dubitant; iure autem tibi debitæ, quòd me ſemper <lb></lb>alueritis, & honestiſſimo huic meo <expan abbr="qualecunq;">qualecunque</expan> ſit ocio conſulueritis, vt magnæ profecto <lb></lb>culpæ ſim affinis, niſi tantis beneficijs antehac prouocatus, quando maiora non poſſum; id <lb></lb>quod grati animi officium foret, aliquid olim reponam. </s> <s>Et quanuis hæc tenuia ſint, cle<lb></lb>mentia, <expan abbr="gratiaq́">gratiaque</expan>; tua fretus, ni faciam, vt impudentia potius accuſanda, quàm conatus vl<lb></lb>lus in me deſiderari poſſit. </s> <s>Ac ſi quid valet ad hoc perficiendum labor improbus, & in<lb></lb>duſtria, rerum nouarum indagatrix ingenioſa, vt non deſperem, auſpice te, ſi non plenis ve<lb></lb>lis in portum, at ſecunda ſaltem, vt aiunt, nauigatione peruenire poſſe, E ſi non vulgo pla<lb></lb>cere, cuius iudicia varia, inconſtantia, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> ab omni perturbationis ſuſpicione libera ſunt: <lb></lb>tibi tamen & antiquioris, hoc eſt, græcæ Philoſophiæ cupidis, quod iamdiù ſaxum voluo, <lb></lb>probari; cur enim à te conſilium meum non laudetur, qui Græcè ſcias, & eius linguæ pe<lb></lb>ritiſſimos ſummo in honore ſemper habueris, tanquam ab iis ipſis omnes ſcientiarum fon<lb></lb>tes, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> illi quidem vberes, ſalubres, & perennes ſcaturiant? </s> <s>Cur etiam non ab illis inſti<lb></lb>tutum meum commendetur, quos ego ſolus, & reuereor iam, & colo, quibus vetera ſanè, <lb></lb>nec tamen antiquata recolo, & vnus quidem non renouo, ſed in tenebris abdita, & demer<lb></lb>ſa ad lucem in tuo nomine reuoco: & exempla domeſtica imitatus aliquid poſteritati re<lb></lb>linquere ſtudeo, cuius auxilio progrediatur vlterius; & via monſtrata contendat in ſum<lb></lb>mum? fuit enim id ciuitati, <expan abbr="totiq́">totique</expan>; ditioni tuæ penitus inſitum, & innatum, vt aliquid aſſi<lb></lb>duè cogitarent quo domi, <expan abbr="forisq́">forisque</expan>; magna gloria apud omnes eſſent. </s> <s>In hac incunabula, & <lb></lb>rudimenta præſtantiſſimarum artium ab Italia vaſtata reperiuntur Picturæ, Sculpturæ, <lb></lb>Iurisperitiæ, Poëtices, Oratoriæ; in hac primum auctore Ioanne Boccaccio Græcæ litteræ <lb></lb>ſunt excultæ. </s> <s>Quàm multa Medicinæ lumina protulit hæc vna ciuitas? </s> <s>quot viros for<lb></lb>tiſſimos? </s> <s>vt hinc maximi Reges, & Duces præſtantiſſimos, & viros ſapientiſſimos <lb></lb>ad imperia regenda, tanquam ſocios accerſiuerint. </s> <s>Quocunque me verto, video etiam <lb></lb>nunc viros omni virtutum genere exornatos, quibus tanquàm ſtellis interstincta ditio<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <pb></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tuæ refulget, quæ cæteris iter ad Cœlum non vſitata, nec peruulgata via commonſtrent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vetera non repetam: ſuperat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> laudem omnem antiquitas; tempora noſtra ſpecto. </s> <s>Quid <lb></lb>in politiorum <expan abbr="litterarũ">litterarum</expan> genere Victorius quod attigit non adamuſſim expoliuit? </s> <s>Quid in <lb></lb>arte medica non obtinuit Vidius, qui rem vniuerſam ad tenue ſic elimauit, & dulciter <lb></lb>elocutis eſt, vt ſi Muſæ eam artem docturæ fuiſſent, non alia certè, quàm Vidij lingua, <lb></lb><expan abbr="methodoq́">methodoque</expan>; vſuras fuiſſe putem? </s> <s>Quoties me ſuo carmine rapit dulciſſimus cygnus ille <lb></lb>Bargæus? </s> <s>Quid de Piccolhominis <expan abbr="Strozisq́">Strozisque</expan>; Kyrtaeo, uno <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> altero Io. </s> <s>Baptiſta dicam? <lb></lb></s> <s>Mitto complures alios insignes & philoſophos, & poëtas: hos hîc recenſere placet, qui, <lb></lb>quod inceperint, omnino perfecerint; <expan abbr="aliisq́">aliisque</expan>; exemplum dederint, vt potius ab iis imitandi <lb></lb>ſint, quam quippiam illorum induſtriæ labore alieno queat accedere. </s> <s>Sed conatum ſolum <lb></lb>magno in pretio <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> domeſticis exemplis tibi ſignificare poſſim FERDINANDE <lb></lb>Celſiſſime. </s> <s>Nam quis non ſummis laudibus in cœlum tollat Americum Veſpuccium? <lb></lb></s> <s>Hic ignotas, & periculoſas nauigationes adgreſſus cum primus è multis prouinciis, quæ <lb></lb>ad occaſum, <expan abbr="meridiemq̃">meridiemque</expan>; iacent, aliquot luſtraſſet; vnde tantum Regum Chriſtianorum <lb></lb>opibus acceſſerit, cum ſacris, quæ gentibus illis <expan abbr="cõmunicata">communicata</expan> ſunt, tum etiam diuitiis, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> <lb></lb>merces inde aduectæ, quibus humano generi ſalus magno cum commodo pararetur; im<lb></lb>menſa theſaurorum copia, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> ornamenta regia complura ad vos comportata; quia ratio<lb></lb>nem eas luſtrandi præmonſtrarit, <expan abbr="animosq́">animosque</expan>; incipiendo aliis addiderit; illi orbis parti, quam <lb></lb>primus ipſe peragrauit, ex ſuo nomine nomen dedit. </s> <s>Ex quo liquidò conſtat præmonſtra<lb></lb>tori plus habitum fuiſſe gratiæ non infrequenter, quàm perfectoribus. </s> <s>Prætereo de in<lb></lb>duſtria innumeros alios ciues tuos, qui nouarum artium inuentores maximas copias do<lb></lb>mum retulerunt, vrbem templis auguſtiſſimis, ædificiis ampliſſimis auxerunt, & imperij <lb></lb>fines vni tibi latè propagarunt. </s> <s>Vt non immeritò tu, qui tantos <expan abbr="talesq́">talesque</expan>; viros hodie mo<lb></lb>deraris, in maximis Regibus numerari debeas: nam ſi magnum ille cenſebat imperare <lb></lb>non auro, ſed habentibus aurum; tu nonmodo iis, quæ poſſideant homines, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> poſſiden<lb></lb>tibus hominibus imperes; ſed poſſidere ſcientes tranquilliſſimè regas. </s> <s>Ego igitur, qui Pe<lb></lb>ripateticam Philoſophiam non ex riuulis, ſed ex ipſo fonte Ariſtotelico miſſo omni fa<lb></lb>ctionum ſtudio nunc inſtituerim haurire, & primus qui inter tuos in hac ſecta libertate <lb></lb>recuperata meum iudicium planè ſequar; tametſi non perficiam; cur etiam laude aliqua, <lb></lb>quia ſim auſus, quia cœperim, dignus non habear? </s> <s>Alij nos ſequentur qui indicata ratio<lb></lb>ne, & via magnum huic cœpto afferant incrementum, & id demum conſequantur, quod <lb></lb>in omnia tempora clarum, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> illuſtre futurum ſit: quæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verè cogitata ſunt, diutius con<lb></lb>ſeruari ſolent, nec hominum interitu occidunt, ſed iterantur in immenſum. </s> <s>AEtas finem <lb></lb>trophæis affert, imperia collabuntur. </s> <s>Vna veritas perpetuò durat, ad quam cum omnium <lb></lb>proximè, quantum hominis ingenium fert, acceſſerit Ariſtoteles; nulla erit ætas, nulla <lb></lb>gens, nulla religio quæ ipſum nonmodò non tactura, ſed ſedulò tractatura, & aſſiduè in <lb></lb>manibus habitura ſit. </s> <s>Vnde etiam fore confido, vt qui in vnis auctoris huiuſce veſtigiis <lb></lb>inſiſtat, locum in philoſophia ſit ſemper habiturus. </s> <s>Video verò & propemodum auguror <lb></lb>te patris tui pij, <expan abbr="felicisq́">felicisque</expan>; inſtituta <expan abbr="tenentẽ">tenentem</expan>, ita in vna litterarum omnis generis ornamenta <lb></lb>incumbere, vt breui talem quendam viſuri ſimus, qui quemadmodum à ciuibus tuis in cæ<lb></lb>teris artibus factitatum eſt, qui eas à rudi illa vetuſtate ad priſtinam illam integritatem <lb></lb>ſua induſtria reuocarunt, ita Peripateticam diſciplinam ex omni Arabum, <expan abbr="noſtratiumq́">noſtratiumque</expan>; <lb></lb>cultura ad bonam illam, & expolitam ſit redacturus. </s> <s>Talia tu commoda cupidis optima<lb></lb>rum artium præſtas. </s> <s>Quare laudent ciues tui pietatem, magnificentiam̀ milites celebrent, <lb></lb>temperantiam tui familiares <expan abbr="admirẽtur">admirentur</expan>, iuſtitiam, <expan abbr="amplitudinemq́">amplitudinemque</expan>; omnes ſummis præco<lb></lb>niis tollant; mihi quidem vnum hoc munificentiæ genus dignum videtur, vt omnes oculos<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <pb></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>in te coniiciant, tu vnus in omnium ore ſumma cum tui nominis celebritate iure verſeris. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tu verè beatus, quia Poëtas, Oratores, Hiſtoriographos, Iuriſconſultos, Theologos, Me<lb></lb>dicos, & Philoſophos omnibus doctrinis excultos vni tibi contigerit alere, & habere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquàm eſt id iam bonis temporibus inueteratum in veſtra familia, <expan abbr="domeſticumq́">domeſticumque</expan>; tam <lb></lb>factum. </s> <s>Extant etiamnum monumenta ampliſſima Coſmi, <expan abbr="Laurentiiq́">Laurentiique</expan>; Medicum com<lb></lb>mendata litteris hominum, quos virtutis ergô diuinis beneficiis affecere. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vt complura adiumenta ad ſcientias eorum opera ſuppetierint. </s> <s>Laurentius Platonem <lb></lb>per multa ſæcula ſepultum traxit ab inferis. </s> <s>Narrant etiam Leonem X. P. M. ab hoc <lb></lb>viuendi inſtituto ſic allectum, vt nonmodò <expan abbr="bonarũ">bonarum</expan> artium ſtudia fouerit, ſed viros doctos <lb></lb>benigniſſimè complexus fuerit. </s> <s>Accepimus etiam cùm ei vitio <expan abbr="quandoq;">quandoque</expan> daretur, quae humi<lb></lb>les viros, ſed illos quidem bene doctos <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> meritorum genere cumularet, reſpondiſſe ſe vir<lb></lb>tute & doctrina præſtantibus opem libentiſſimè ferre, quae talem cenſuram veræ nobilitatis <lb></lb>eſſe crederet. </s> <s>Ita multos non incitauit tantùm, ſed ad <expan abbr="litterarũ">litterarum</expan> ſtudia recolenda perduxit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> illis temporibus nonmodò ſcientiarum vſus euanuerat, verùm planè conciderat <expan abbr="oẽ">omne</expan> <lb></lb>decus eloquentiæ Florentinæ quam ſummo ſtudio coluerant Danthes, Petrarcha Boccac<lb></lb>cius, & à viris illis obſoleta & deſita frequentabantur, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> aliena ſæpius ineptiſſimè incul<lb></lb>cari conſueuerant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ipſius opera factum eſt, vt pura illa noſtra lingua reuiuiſceret, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> optimarum artium cultus poſt <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> temporis tractum <expan abbr="deniq;">denique</expan> emineret. </s> <s>Hæc veri <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominibus</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt officia quæ diuinæ virtutis teſtes ſempiterni ſint, non inſanarum molium ſubſtructio<lb></lb>nes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> exhauriuntur æraria, vectigalia minuuntur, non ſtatuarum locationes quæ cor<lb></lb>porum quidem ſimulachra ſunt, & imago quædam gloriæ adumbrata, non <expan abbr="animorũ">animorum</expan> effigies, <lb></lb>& ſpecies expreſſa virtutis. </s> <s>Hæc munera verè regia, & admirabilia iis vti viris à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb>inſtituti ſubiecti ritè regi, & optimis morib. informari valeant, | ac per bonis arteis ad <expan abbr="con-ſpectũ">con<lb></lb>ſpectum</expan> numinum beatorum efferri, vt ocio ſecuriſſimo fouentes in <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> bonorum fine <expan abbr="con-quieſcãt">con<lb></lb>quieſcant</expan>, ad quod lex naturæ, hoc eſt, ratio ſummi Dei cunctos reges iubet adſpirare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq;">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>.n. dedit imperia <expan abbr="poteſtatesq́">poteſtatesque</expan>, Deus, vt luxu reges in tanta rerum copia perderentur, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tam quae</expan> immenſa aliqua vorago ciuium patrimonia abſorberent, nec vt in illos qui ſub eorum <lb></lb>imperio ſunt, atrociſſimè ſæuirent, ſed vt Poëtæ verbis vtar,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἵνα λαοὶ ἀρετῶσιν ὑπ' αὐτῷ</foreign>, <emph type="italics"></emph>hoc <lb></lb>eſt vt gentes rerum ignaras ad ſuum <expan abbr="cuiq;">cuique</expan> <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> auctoritate & ſapientia dirigerent, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>; <lb></lb>ſibi ipſi ſaperent, aliis <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> ſapere vellent. </s> <s>Pupugit etiam hæc cura pij <expan abbr="felicisq́">felicisque</expan>; tui patris <lb></lb>animum, quô & erexit duo gymnaſia, vt plurib. pateret aditus ad vires ingenij quas ipſis <lb></lb>natura largiſſimè afflauiſſet, & exercendas, & retinendas. </s> <s>Vtor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> iam ſæpiuſcule patris <lb></lb>tui viri clariſſimi exemplo, non eo certè conſilio, vt te inflammem: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc ſtudium erga <lb></lb>litteratos in te radiceis altiſſimas egit, cùm <expan abbr="ſtirpẽ">ſtirpem</expan> generoſam tibi natura conceſſerit, & vitæ <lb></lb>rationem domeſtico <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> conformaris, ſed vt illius qui quidem <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ætatis ſuæ princeps <lb></lb>extitit, audiendo præclara facinora in eius imitatione te oblectes, & immortale hoc nomen <lb></lb>ad noſtri beneficium cum iucunditate tueare. </s> <s>Nos igitur beatiſſimos quibus tuis auſpiciis <lb></lb>operam philoſophiæ dare, & naturæ arcana perſcrutari ſucceſſerit. </s> <s>Quocirca <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>ipſis <expan abbr="iniuriã">iniuriam</expan> faceremus, ſi tantam <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan> ſineremus elabi de manibus. </s> <s>Nam quod in hiſce <lb></lb>ſtudiis plurimum <expan abbr="põt">potestas</expan>, id diuinitus ciuib. <expan abbr="populisq́">populisque</expan>; tuis largiſſimè <expan abbr="datũ">datum</expan> eſt, ingenium ad exco<lb></lb>gitandum acutum, ad memoriam <expan abbr="firmũ">firmum</expan>, & diuturnum; <expan abbr="cupiditatẽ">cupiditatem</expan> quæ cuncta aſſequitur, tu <lb></lb>tuo <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> concitaſti, <expan abbr="tuaq́">tuaque</expan>; opera concitatam aſſiduè foues. </s> <s>Quocirca <expan abbr="verendũ">verendum</expan> non eſt, quin <lb></lb>iter quod ad <expan abbr="gloriã">gloriam</expan> tu illis <expan abbr="oſtẽdiſti">oſtendiſti</expan>, & ij <expan abbr="ſuſcipiãt">ſuſcipiant</expan>, & <expan abbr="ſuſceptũ">ſuſceptum</expan> ſumma <expan abbr="cõſtantia">conſtantia</expan> teneant: ha<lb></lb>bent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vnde diſcant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> & <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> quam maiores tui <expan abbr="munitarũt">munitarunt</expan>, tu ab ætatis initio <lb></lb>ſub Angeliis ingreſſus es, & ſub <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> Angeliis <expan abbr="conſtãtiſsimè">conſtantiſsimè</expan> retines, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> retines tantum, <lb></lb>ſed iugiter amplificas, qualia verò ſunt inſtituta <expan abbr="principũ">principum</expan>, tales <expan abbr="populorũ">populorum</expan> mores eſſe ſolent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <pb></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Verùm quid de te ſperandum non eſt Feliciſſime FERDINANDE, qui tibi tanti mune<lb></lb>ris ſocios adiunxeris quorum opera & conſilio in omni publico <expan abbr="priuatoq́">priuatoque</expan>; officio vtaris vni<lb></lb>uerſis animi virtutibus ornatos, ſapientia, <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>; vſu claros, ſingulari elementia in mi<lb></lb>ſeros, admirabili ſeueritate aduerſus ſceleratos admodum Illustres Carolum Antonium <lb></lb>Puteum Archiepiſcopum Piſanum, Petrum Vſimbardum, Ioannem 'B. Concinium, <lb></lb>Capponem Capponium, quorum ego patrocinio publicè <expan abbr="priuatimq́">priuatimque</expan>; fultus hoc opus aggre<lb></lb>di auſus ſum, <expan abbr="laborumq́">laborumque</expan>; meorum, immò benignitatis veſtræ teſtimonium dare. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>miſſa hæc facio, ad noſtra deſcendo. </s> <s>Quæ ſanctior lex, quod maius conſilium quàm diſci<lb></lb>plinarum collegia conſtituiſſe, vt inter ſe collegæ de victoria litigantes <expan abbr="cõcertent">concertent</expan> alacrius?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Hì proprium decus, & partum indignantur honorem,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ni teneant, <expan abbr="vitamq́">vitamque</expan>; volunt pro laude paciſci,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hos ſucceſſus alit, poſſunt, quia poſſe videntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> Homeri iudicium nouimus à ſapientibus eſſe approbatum, qui exultantem Aga<lb></lb>memnonem primis illis <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan> induxerit. </s> <s>Vlyſſe & Achille mirandis inter ſe modis al<lb></lb>tercantibus, vt <expan abbr="vſq;">vſque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ad conuicia euehi ſolerent, & Ageſilai <expan abbr="prudentiã">prudentiam</expan> <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> illuſtri laude <lb></lb>celebratam qui æmulationem, veluti ſtimulos quoſdam intulerit reip. </s> <s>ac ſemper adeſſe ſtu<lb></lb>duerit, quod inter ſe ciues boni contendant, augente ſtudia contentione, concordia verò <expan abbr="cõ-ciliante">con<lb></lb>ciliante</expan> deſidiam. </s> <s>Quo factum eſt, vt viri doctiſſimi, quanuis ſuos commentarios ſuppri<lb></lb>mendo reprehenſionem ſe fugere intelligerent, quia poſteros tanto bono priuare non ſolùm <lb></lb>iniurium, ſed impium & nefas eſſe iudicarent, quanuis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eorum iudicia ſubituri eſſent, <lb></lb>qui fortaſſe plus, quàm ipſi de ſe intelligerent, <expan abbr="aliòq́">aliòque</expan>; per cogitationes ſuas diuerterent, <lb></lb>contenti fuerint, ſi ita ſua probarentur, vt tanquàm diſputata contentius aditum ad ve<lb></lb>ritatem patefacerent, cuius <expan abbr="quiſq;">quiſque</expan> bonus nonmodò ſtudioſus, verumetiam curioſus eſſe de<lb></lb>bet. </s> <s>Nam latet veritas in profundo, & diuerſis veriſimilibus inuoluta variis etiam mo<lb></lb>dis tentat mentes noſtras, & in diuerſa ſtudia rapit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ego <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> à Celſiſſimo <lb></lb>Patre tuo in veſtra præclariſſima collegia fuerim cooptatus & adhuc auctoritate tua <lb></lb>negocium publicè <expan abbr="docẽdi">docendi</expan> ſuſtineam, tibi gratias ago immortales, & in eo me laudo, <expan abbr="fortu-natiſſimumq́">fortu<lb></lb>natiſſimumque</expan>; prædico cui datus ſit locus ingenij mei vires experiendi, & ea narrandi quæ <lb></lb>ocium litterarum merito tuo mihi ſuppeditat, & vſu quotidie cognoſcendi <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> aliquam <lb></lb>veritatis, quam ſi poſteritati communicauerim, & grati animi officio erga te functus eſſe <lb></lb>videar, & in alios, ſi fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> (vt eſt humana <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan>) boni aliquid contuliſſe. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>multa me ab incepto deterrebant, cum quia poſteriores cogitationes meliores eſſe ſolerent, <lb></lb>tum quòd plura in dies experientia rerum magiſtra ſapientiſsima doceret, non pauca <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>lectio | iterata librorum, <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> nouæ diſceptationes, & <expan abbr="ſcriptadiſertiſsimorũ">ſcripta diſertiſsimorum</expan> <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> quæ <lb></lb>ad meas manus quotidie <expan abbr="veniebãt">veniebant</expan>; vicit tamen illa cura, vt cæteris, ſi poſſum, quoquomodo <lb></lb>prodeſſem, <expan abbr="maximeq́">maximeque</expan>;, vt meæ ergate voluntatis aliquod <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> darem. </s> <s>Acceſſerunt exhor<lb></lb>tationes <expan abbr="amicorũ">amicorum</expan>, qui ex tam diuturnis laboribus aliquid expectabant: nuper <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> magnum <lb></lb><expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> attulit huic meæ deliberationi, & <expan abbr="corã">coram</expan> Piſis, & per litteras eruditiſsimus, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb></lb>integerrimus vir Thomas Finckius Vuetſpergenſis, cuius <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> cùm ſemper maximi fe<lb></lb>cerim, in hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eius <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> ſequi non dubitaui. </s> <s>Quapropter è noſtris ſermonib. <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb></lb>diſceptationib. <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> mundus quidam Empedocleus è lite exortus hic liber ad te rectà con<lb></lb>tendit, clientis tui <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan>, laborem, <expan abbr="ſtudiũ">ſtudium</expan>, & <expan abbr="induſtriã">induſtriam</expan> tibi ſignificat; ob id à te hilarè ſe <expan abbr="acce-ptũ">acce<lb></lb>ptum</expan> iri ſperat. </s> <s>hoc vnum expetit; id ſi fuerit aſſecutus, alacritatem <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> aliis addet quos <lb></lb>iam ſub eiſdem auſpiciis edere cogitauimus, vt ad te quam primùm aduolent, & perpe<lb></lb>tuæ erga te pietatis noſtræ ſint optimi teſtes. </s> <s>Vale. </s> <s>Piſis XIV. Kal. </s> <s>Decemb.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>CIO IO LXXXVII.</s></p> <pb></pb> <p type="head"> <s>INDEX LIBRORVM <lb></lb>ET CAPITVM QVAE IN HOC <lb></lb>OPERE CONTINENTVR.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>PRIMVS LIBER EST DE MVNERE PHILOSOPHI NATVRALIS</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>PROOEMIVM.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>GENERALIA quędam capita tractantur de principiis ſcientię natura-lis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>3</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſtributio principiorum noſtræ methodi ponitur, & leuiter aliqua ad ipſa per-tinentia tanguntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>5</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggredimur ſcientiæ principia, è quibus nonnulla conſimiliter adumbran-tur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>14</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Specialia phyſiologiæ principia ponuntur, & aliqua admonitione perſuaden-tur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>29</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm principia ſuperius expoſita ſint ea nota nobis quæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1. <emph type="italics"></emph>Phyſ. propoſuit Ariſtoteles, an non. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>34</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Veterum ſententię quo pacto tractandæ, & varię philoſophorum ſectę recenſentur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>38</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur generatim, quo pacto ſcientiarum principia tractentur, & quam viam tenuerit Ariſtoteles, dum veterum ſententias de principiis conuellit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>41</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne ſubalternationis affinitas inter phyſicen & primam philoſophiam. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>46</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Animi habitum præstantia generatim perpenditur, & contemplans actuoſę præponitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>49</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Comparatur ſcientia naturalis cum cęteris ſcientiis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>53</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Iure'ne Mathematica ex ordine ſcientiarum expungantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>56</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Accipiat'ne primus philoſophus à naturali ſubſtantias ſeparatas eſſe. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>59</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Genus ſubiectum naturalis philoſophiæ conſtituitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>62</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quo cauſſarum genere, & quatenus vtatur philoſophus naturalis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>66</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt ſe habeant cauſſæ in prima philoſophia & mathematicis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>71</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Auicennæ rationes diluuntur quibus probat materiæ primę conſiderationem eſſe ſolius primi philoſo-phi. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>73</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm formæ naturales ſi non re, at cogitatione ſeparentur à materia, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17.</cell><cell>75</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid ſit materia ſenſilis, & quemadmodum in naturali methodo accipienda. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>78</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>quod' nam genus materiæ ſumatur in definitionibus naturalibus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>80</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Compleat'ne materia ſenſilis definitionem naturalem vt pars eſſentiæ, an non. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>82</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur è Mathematicis nonnullæ naturales appellentur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>87</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De potestate eorum communium, quæ dicuntur ad vnum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>89</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine partium communis ad vnum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23.</cell><cell>90</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De methodis compendiaria diſputatio. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>94</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla ad ſententias veterum pertinentia notantur, & eorum primùm qui ens vnum, & immo-bile poſuerunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>108</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Pauca quædam diſſeruntur cum iis qui vnum principium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud quidem mobile eſſe cenſent. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>112</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>In eos qui infinita poſuere principia. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>113</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De iis qui principia plura, ſed finita eſſe cenſuerunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>117</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt motum eſſe perſpicuum ſit, & explicatur eius cognitio per accidens. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>121</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Eadem methodo motum naturalem eſſe demonstratur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>123</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Tractatur alterum genus cognitionis quod eſt per ſe, & docetur, vt illi motus ſubiici poſſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>124</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s><arrow.to.target n="table1"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>SECVNDVS LIBER EST DE MATERIA ET EO <lb></lb>QVOD EFFICIT MOTVM.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>DIVIDITVR ens in actum, & poteſtatem, vt in motus definitione ſumitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>127</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Percenſentur reliqua motus elementa, & aliqua etiam adſcribuntur de ratione qua colligitur definitio motus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>129</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Latiore quadam ſpecie definitio motus explanatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>133</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponuntur termini in definitione motus accepti actus, ſcilicet, & poteſtas. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>134</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Plura de certo motus genere diſſeruntur cum Ariſtotelis interpretibus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>137</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Thomiſtorum de natura motus ſententia recitatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>139</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Confutatur ſententia Thomiſtarum & ſeligitur ille motus qui proponitur ad definiendum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>140</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Declaratur ſubiectum motus, & in ſua membra ſecatur; multa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de agente adiiciuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>143</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum ſe habeat motus ad efficiens, & materiam; vbi verum genus motus aſſignatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>145</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur habitudo actionis ad agens, & quædam corollaria cum nonnullarum dubitationum ſolutio-nibus apponuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>147</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De termino ad quem paucula quædam, & quemadmodum ſe habeat ad motum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>149</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſputatur an ſucceſſio pertineat ad omnem ſpeciem motus, ac problema proponitur. vtrum generatio puncto temporis obeatur nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>153</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Expenduntur dicta ſectatorum Auerrois de ſucceſſione quæ fit in ſubstantia. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>157</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex propria ſententia demonſtratur ſucceſſionem pertinere ad ortum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>159</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua de formę partibus adduntur & <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan> ſapientum dicta cum ſuperioribus <expan abbr="cõciliantur">conciliantur</expan>. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>163</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt inter id quod eſt, & quod non eſt medium ſit, & dubitationes aliquæ diluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>165</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinatur vis illius pronunciati: Mutationem quę ſit in tempore, terminari forma quæ plus, & mi-nus accipiat, & Simplicij dictum perpenditur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17.</cell><cell>168</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum mutatio ſe habeat ad motum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>170</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De oppoſitione formarum quę eſſentiam complent quę cæteri ſenſerint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>173</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De oppoſitione <expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan>, & vtrùm oppoſitio inter <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> efficiat <expan abbr="oppoſitionẽ">oppoſitionem</expan> inter formas. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>175</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum in ſubſtantia ſunt contraria. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>177</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Singulæ dubitationes tolluntur de oppoſitione ſubstantiarum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>180</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De naturæ progreſſu vbi poteſtas cum actu commutatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23.</cell><cell>181</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Pro iis qui prima contraria in natura priuatiuè opponi defendunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>182</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>quod' nam propriè generetur, & quid alij cenſuerint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>185</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne forma compoſito perfectior. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>187</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Auctoris decretum in medio ponitur de eo quod propriè generetur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>188</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quo pacto formę producantur, & varię philoſophorum ſententiæ recenſentur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>190</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Qui ſit animi nostri ſenſus de productione formarum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>192</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De terminis mutationum cum ab initio, tum à fine quęstio proponitur ex ſententia Latinorum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>195</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę ſit germana philoſophi ſententia de terminis mutationum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>197</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquæ diluuntur contra nostra decreta de terminis mutationum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>198</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicantur accidentis termini, & docetur vt in illorum quoque productione non ſit primum eſſe. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33.</cell><cell>200</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Oſtenditur vtroſque terminos conflare eſſentiam motus; magis tamen terminum ad quem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>201</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De eo quòd motus ſit vnus, & cauſſis continuationis eius. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>204</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exquiruntur hoc loco continuationis initia diligentius. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>205</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitata diſſoluuntur contra <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> continuitatis in motu, & <expan abbr="afferũtur">afferuntur</expan> corollaria <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> ex dictis. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>207</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Recitantur Græcorum, & Arabum opiniones de Ariſtotelica demonſtratione<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6. <emph type="italics"></emph>Phyſ. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38.</cell><cell>208</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ Latini de demonſtratione<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6. <emph type="italics"></emph>Phyſ. dixerint, & quid de illa Peripateticè ſtatui conueniat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>210</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla de indiuiduo <expan abbr="terminiſq́ue">terminiſque</expan> tractantur quæ lucem afferunt demonstrationi Sexti Phyſ. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>212</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Complura de indiuidui motu generatim <expan abbr="ſpeciatimq́">ſpeciatimque</expan>. veſtigantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>213</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea declarantur ex quibus vnus ad ſpeciem motus conſtituitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>215</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne aliquod ex iis quæ motum conſequuntur, vnde varientur ſpecies motus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>218</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explanantur ea ex quibus vnus ad numerum motus exiſtit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44.</cell><cell>220</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aſſignantur ea quæ ad motuum repugnantiam ſpectant generatim. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45.</cell><cell>223</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De oppoſitione motuum ſigillatim, & quemadmodum ortus, & interitus opponantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46.</cell><cell>225</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ediſſeruntur aliqua de oppoſitione motus & quietis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47.</cell><cell>226</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s><arrow.to.target n="table2"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>TERTIVS LIBER EST DE RATIONE QVA A FORMA <lb></lb>PROFICISCITVR MOTVS.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>NATVRAE ſignificata & inchoata quædam hypotheſis affertur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>228</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An plena ſit naturę definitio, nec'ne perquiritur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>233</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aduerſus Auicennam, quod certa ſit naturæ definitio poſita<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2. <emph type="italics"></emph>Phyſ. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>235</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua aduerſus ea quę decreta ſunt, de naturæ declaratione dubitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>236</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm definitio naturæ conueniat aliis quæ non ſunt natura an eius propria ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>238</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Alia quædam de naturę ſignificatis, & eſſentia ſubſcribuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>240</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Venamur differentiam inter materiam, & formam in eo, quòd ſint naturę. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>242</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum pati pertinet ad formam in mutatione ſecundum ſubſtantiam. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>244</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt pati pertineat ad eandem formam in motu qui eſt ad locum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>246</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur rationes quæ ad alteram partem problematis de vi formæ ſolent afferri. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>248</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Affertur demonstratio VII. Phyſicorum qua probatur nil à ſeipſo moueri primò. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>251</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubia contra demonſtrationem Aristotelicam VII. Phyſ. ex Auerroë potiſſimè proponuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>253</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Expenduntur reliqua dicta Auerrois, & id præcipuè quod attinet ad diuerſionem corporis cæleſtis. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>254</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ reliqui pro Aristotele dicant de demonſtratione VII. Phyſ. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>256</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Demonstratio VII. Phyſ. in ſua primordia reſoluitur, & aliorum argumenta diluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>258</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur genus demonſtrationis VII. Phyſ. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>261</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur de veritate hypotheſeon ad hanc ipſam demonſtrationem VII. pertinentium. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>263</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponitur quæſtio de motu inanimorum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>266</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Alexandri ſententia recitatur de modo quo generans mouet. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>267</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Themiſtij, <expan abbr="Simpliciiq́">Simpliciique</expan>. ſententia perpenditur ad amuſſim quemadmodum motus à generante fiat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>269</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Complura de acta primo diſſeruntur, & proponuntur aliqua de eo quod eſt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>270</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>In ſuperiores ſententias diſſeritur, & ostenditur eſſe ab eſſentia, & accidente differre. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>272</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur an eſſe ſit modus quidam, & cætera afferuntur quæ ſunt huius diſceptationis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23.</cell><cell>274</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinatur, quemadmodum eſſe ab eſſentia ſeparetur, & aliorum ſententiis confutatis noſtra pronun-ciatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>277</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquæ tolluntur ad ea pertinentes quæ de eſſe & eſſentia dicta ſunt, & aliæ proponun-tur ad actus vtriuſque naturam ſpectantes. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>280</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm omnis actus ſecundus exoriatur exprimo, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>281</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm actus ſecundus ſubſtantia ſit an accidens. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>284</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Tollitur è medio celebris illa ratio qua ab accidentis natura probatur <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum eſſe accidens. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>286</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur vtrùm energia præter naturam proficiſcatur ex habitu, an illi nonnunquam antecedas, ſi-mul etiam diſſeritur ſit'ne duplex habitus, externus .ſ. & internus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>290</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur quemadmodum facultas omnis actum reſpiciat cui ſubiicitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>292</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>E quo'nam genere cauſſę ſit illa poteſtas quę reſpiciat actum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>296</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quędam dubitationes è medio tolluntur ad functionum naturam ſpectantes. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>298</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Varietas actionum vnde ducatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33.</cell><cell>300</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm primus actus erumpat in ſecundum per ſui mutationem, an non. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>303</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt motus à generante permánet ad id quod gignitur, auctoris ſententia. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>304</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Virtus'ne generantis perpetuò conſeruetur in rei genitæ muneribus præſtandis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>307</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm generans aliquo modo moueat proximè, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>308</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua de cauſſarum, & effectuum nexu adſcribuntur, & aliqua loca Aristotelis illuſtrantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38.</cell><cell>310</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Specialis ordo <expan abbr="nexusq́ue">nexusque</expan> cauſſarum quantùm ad functioneis in eodem ſubiecto pręſtandas attinet, enar-tatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>313</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur ſit'ne forma vetus, an noua principium patibile motus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>315</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Recitantur opiniones quorundam credentium motum inanimi obiri ab interno principio. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>317</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Opinio Burlęi. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> argumenta ex Aristotele contra poſitionem Auerroistarum recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>318</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Communiter ij confutantur qui putant inanima quoquo pacto continere in ſeipſis cauſſam quæ faciat motum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>320</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur in eos ſigillatim qui gloſſulas adhibent rationibus Aristotelis quas ex VIII. Phyſ. recita-uimus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44.</cell><cell>324</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd inanima non diuidantur in partem per ſe mouentem, & partem per ſe mobilem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45.</cell><cell>326</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>A natura materiæ, <expan abbr="formęq́">formęque</expan>. demonſtratur inanimum in parteis per ſe mouentem ac mobilem non ſe-cari. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46.</cell><cell>329</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis teſtimonio defenditur formam nulla ratione mouere materiam in eodem ſubiecto. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47.</cell><cell>331</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondemus ad nonnullas rationes aduerſariorum quibus probatur efficiens motum inanimi inter-num eſſe. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48.</cell><cell>334</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur diligentius Burlęi <expan abbr="iuniorumq́">iuniorumque</expan>. placitum de motu inanimorum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49.</cell><cell>335</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinatur ratio VII. Phyſ. an'ne pertinere poſſit ad inanimorum motus, & quemadmodum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50.</cell><cell>337</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s><arrow.to.target n="table3"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>QVARTVS LIBER EST DE EFFICIENTE E FINE MOTVS <lb></lb>ELEMENTI GENITI.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>RECITANTVR in ſumma illorum ſententiæ qui dicunt elementum ab extrinſeco moueri. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>341</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An omne mouens naturale moueatur, dum mouet, & quomodo. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>342</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſquiritur ſigillatim quemadmodum moueatur medium ab inanimo. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>344</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De mutuis operis quas mobile & medium in mouendo ſibi pręſtant. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>345</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum id quod eſt in potestate ſecunda, deducatur ad actum à remouente prohibens. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>347</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De prohibente, & remouente prohibens. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>349</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſistentiæ ſpecies exponuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>351</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur an fiat motus in vacuo. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>353</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Rationes, quæ ad vacuum tollendum ab Aristotelicis alienæ afferuntur, aut etiam contra ipſum Ari<lb></lb>stotelem, non ſatis valere monſtratur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>355</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An'ne vacuum prorſus omni mutationi repugnet, & alia quædam de motu & vacuo dubitantur. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>356</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſputantur aliqua de reſiſtentia quæ fit in corpore cœleſti. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>358</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De officio medij in motu <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſpeciei. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>360</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De tranſitu elementi iam geniti ex otio ad negocium, & quæ ſit eius prima mutatio. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>361</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitatio quędam ex Auerroë deprompta contrà principia motus ab Ariſtotele poſita diſcutitur. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>363</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Principio motus elementi iam geniti exponuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>364</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quibus modis elementi iam geniti obeatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>367</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd etſi mouetur elementum ab alio, mouetur ſecundum naturam. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>369</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę ſint ſpecies motus ab alio quibus elementum mouetur, & alia quędam ad has motuum ſpecies du<lb></lb>bitata adſcribuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>371</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicantur duo loca 4. de Cœlo Textus XXIV. & XXV. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>374</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vnde motuum ſimplicium ratio petatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>375</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum motus ſecundum elementum dominans in mixto ſimplex existat, an non, & cuius <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>378</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An'ne mixtum motu dominantis elementi concitetur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>380</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Afferuntur cauſſę motus in mixto. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23.</cell><cell>382</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne par elementorum <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> in aliquo mixto, vbi nonnulla Auerrois dicta perpenduntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>383</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Characteres finis cùm communes, tum proprij traduntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>385</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Animaduertitur illius dicti vis: Naturam agere propter finem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>387</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Nounullę finis proprietates recenſentur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>389</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ'nam ſit prima cauſſa naturalis appetitus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>391</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Soluuntur dubitationes propoſitę de appetitu materię. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>394</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquę in medio afferuntur contra decreta de appetitu materię. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>396</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum'ne moueat finis, quatenus est, an potius quia non ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>398</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ediſſeritur, quemadmodum finis actu conſistat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>400</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine eorum quæ diſponuntur à fine, & quemadmodum afficiat ſpeciatim ipſe finis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33.</cell><cell>402</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Conueniant'ne in eodem indiuiduo ad idem mobile finis, & efficiens. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>403</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sigillatim docetur vt locus ſit finis, & aliqua de hoc dubitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>406</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne pręditus locus naturalis qualitatibus ſenſilibus, & quomodo. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>407</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggredimur quęſtionem qua de cremento naturalis motus in fine diſſeritur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>410</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Latinorum ſententię de cremento naturalis motus in fine ex ordine recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38.</cell><cell>412</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ nos Peripateticè profitemur de velocitate motus naturalis in fine afferuntur, & diſſoluuntur op<lb></lb>poſita. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>414</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponitur ad explicandum locus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ordo tractationis adiungitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>417</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea recenſentur quę ſenſus communis attribuit loco. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>418</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Indagatur via compendiaria definitio loci. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>420</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur Textus XXXVII. Quarti Phyſ. vbi diſſeritur, vtrùm locus ſit distantia nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>422</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Interpretatio Textus XXXVIII. eiuſdem libri quo diſſeritur, an locus ſit materia. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44.</cell><cell>424</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ ſint loca in vniuerſo. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45.</cell><cell>425</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur nonnullę dubitationes quę à natura loci inuenienda nos auertebant. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46.</cell><cell>427</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm de omni loco diſſerat Ariſtoteles generatim IX. Phyſ. an ſpecialior ea ſpeculatio ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47.</cell><cell>428</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum locus à re mobili ſeparetur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48.</cell><cell>431</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur de æqualitate loci: quapropter etiam multa de distantia diſputantur <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="Philoponũ">Philoponum</expan>. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49.</cell><cell>433</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Expenduntur rationes Philoſophi contra Ariſtotelem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50.</cell><cell>435</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur vtrùm locus ſit ſuperficies, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 51.</cell><cell>437</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De loci repugnantia nonnulla tractantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 52.</cell><cell>438</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum in loco immobilitas accipienda ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 53.</cell><cell>440</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur D. Thomæ ſententia <expan abbr="noſtraq́">noſtraque</expan>. defenditur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 54.</cell><cell>441</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s>QVINTVS EST DE LATIONE RECTA SPECIATIM.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>QVAE via tenenda ſit in explicandis elementorum motibus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>443</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Antiquorum, <expan abbr="iuniorumq́">iuniorumque</expan>. ſententiæ de loco, & motu terræ recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>444</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Veterum opiniones recenſentur de cauſſa cur terra quieſcat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>445</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De loco terrę contra Pythagoręos. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>447</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De cauſſis motus terrę aduerſus antiquos. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>448</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aduerſus antiquos de cauſſis quietis terrę. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>453</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De loco terræ nonnulla. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>455</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur quod' nam ſit medium ad quod terra ſuapte natura mouetur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>457</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla de definitione grauis & leuis afferuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>461</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod graue, & leue ſecundùm naturam talia ſint, non comparatè. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>462</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra veteres, qui ſolùm cauſſis grauis, & leuis comparatè perquiſiuerint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>463</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm definitio grauis, & leuis per motum tradita ſit, an per quietem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>465</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Soluuntur dubitationes nonnullæ contra definitiones grauis & leuis, atque ibi quædam de generatione montium adiunguntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>466</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur an'ne graue & leue ſit in proprio loco. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>468</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Alexandri dictum de poteſtate grauis & leuis, & quę cum ipſo Themiſtius, et Auerroes <expan abbr="diſſerãt">diſſerant</expan>. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>470</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd omnia, quæ rectà mouentur, habeant aliquem motum naturalem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>471</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Omnia quæ rectà mouentur grauia aut leuia fore concluditur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17.</cell><cell>473</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur vtrùm vnius corporis ſimplicis vnus tantùm, plures'ne ſint motus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>474</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Spectatur ſigillatim vtrùm aſcenſus aquę ſit naturalis, an prorſus contra naturam. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>476</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Auctoris ſententia de aquę aſcenſu pronunciatur, & tolluntur obiectiones. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>477</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſſę quęruntur, ob quas elementa media magis grauia, quàm leuia ſint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>478</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Edocentur cauſſę, vnde elementa media producuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>480</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum aer grauior ſit cęteris grauibus in ſuo loco, an non. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23.</cell><cell>482</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid dederit locum ei ſuſpicioni, quòd aër in ſuo loco cęteris grauior ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>483</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquæ tolluntur, & cauſſa exploratur quorundam problematum ad rerum pondera per-tinentium. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>485</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur ratio qua cucurbitulę trahunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>487</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm tractio ſerpentis à ceruo inanis auxilio ministretur, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>489</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De cauſſis adiuuantibus grauitatem & leuitatem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>491</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Generalia quædam problemata de his quæ vehuntur in aquis, ex Archimede diſſoluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>492</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliquot problemata de motib. qui per <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, vel per aërem & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> fiunt, <expan abbr="proponũtur">proponuntur</expan>. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>494</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Docetur, vt eadem ſit ratio totius & partis in motibus naturalibus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>497</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm grauitas, & leuitas ſint formæ quę compleant ſubſtantiam corporum <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan>, an non. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>498</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Accuratius eſſentia grauitatis <expan abbr="leuitatiſq́">leuitatiſque</expan>. conquiritur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33.</cell><cell>500</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum grauitas & leuitas cadant in ſenſum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>501</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De motibus præter naturam, & de proiectis contra Platonem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>503</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> de <expan abbr="proiectorũ">proiectorum</expan> motu recenſetur, & ea quę contra <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> afferri ſolent <expan abbr="exponũtur">exponuntur</expan>. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>504</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis ſententia de proiectorum motu confirmatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>505</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea ſignificantur, quæ pro Ariſtotele de proiectorum motu dici poſſunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38.</cell><cell>507</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Alię difficultates, aduerſus Aristotelicam poſitionem de proiectorum motu tolluntur, & aliorum pro-blematum cauſſę recenſentur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>511</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum ſententiæ recitantur de motu hypeccaumatis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>512</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Euertitur noua quædam ratio, qua dilemma Ariſtotelis de hypeccaumatis motu colligitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>513</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Auctoris ſententia de hypeccaumatis motu constituitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>515</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur an'ne quies naturalis antecedat motui violento. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>517</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur de quibuſdam conſequentibus motum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44.</cell><cell>519</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De comparatione motuum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45.</cell><cell>520</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Recenſentur ſummatim regulę proportionum ab Ariſtotele conſtitutæ. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46.</cell><cell>523</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum ſententiæ de cauſſis proportionis in velocitate motuum quàm breuiſſimè recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47.</cell><cell>524</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnullæ è ſententiis ſuperioribus de motuum exuperatione confutantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48.</cell><cell>526</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Defenditur à nonnullis obiectionibus ſententia, quam ipſi de velocitatis cauſſa profitemur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49.</cell><cell>527</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinantur aliæ regulæ quas aut contra <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> aut ex Ariſtotele ipſo Latini statuerunt. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50.</cell><cell>528</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vnde velocitas motus in ſpatio iudicetur, & ex quo <expan abbr="potẽtiæ">potentiæ</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="impotẽtię">impotentię</expan> termini <expan abbr="cõſtituẽdi">conſtituendi</expan> ſint. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 51.</cell><cell>530</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de regulis potentiæ & impotentiæ dubitantur à nonnullis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 52.</cell><cell>532</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de potentiæ, & <expan abbr="impotētiæ">impotentiæ</expan> regulis à Latinis decreta ſunt, <expan abbr="adnotãtur">adnotantur</expan>, & dubitata <expan abbr="diſſoluũtur">diſſoluuntur</expan>. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 53.</cell><cell>534</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s><arrow.to.target n="table4"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>SEXTVS EST DE CAVSSIS ORTVS ET INTERITVS.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>QVAERITVR an ſit generatio, & per accidens eſſe perſuadetur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>536</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aduerſus antiquos qui generationem, ab alteratione non ſecernebant. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>538</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra componentes corpora è planis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>539</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Variæ notiones elementi recenſentur, & elementum definitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>541</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Numerus elementorum perquiritur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>543</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Utrùm elementa quæ corpora ſunt, æterna ſint, an intereant aliquando. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>544</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatio Textus LV. III. de cęlo. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>545</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur elementum totum ſimul corrumpi non poſſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>547</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum proponatur iterum primo de Generatione quęrendum, an generatio ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>548</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An ſit aliquid quod generetur ſimpliciter. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>549</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatio quorundam locorum ex 1. Phys. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>551</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum generatio & corruptio perpetuò ſint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>553</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm ſit vna poteſtas ad contraria, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>555</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm corruptio vnius ſit altertus generatio, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>556</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Redduntur cauſſæ, cur è mutationibus quædam ſimpliciter appellantur, aliæ quodammodo, & iudicium noſtrum adſcribitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>557</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Adhuc perſequimur cauſſas eiuſdem problematis, & quærimus vtrùm mutationes ſemper terminen-tur eo quod eſt; an'ne interdum finiantur eo quod non eſt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>558</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Uera Aristotelis ſententia de eo, quòd corruptio finiatur eo quod non eſt, ediſſeritur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17.</cell><cell>560</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum materia ſit vna numero. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>562</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Differentiæ materię & generis exponuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>564</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio generationis aſſignatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>566</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm potentia ſit eſſentia materię, an illi accidat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>567</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur ſit'ne ſignata materiæ poteſtas accidens, an ſubstantia. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>570</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur ea quibus probatur poteſtatem eſſentiam materię non eſſe. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>572</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm materia per ſe ſit; an pendeat in eo, quòd eſt, ex forma. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>573</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum materia ſe habeat ad formam, & quæ ſit eius definiendæ ratio. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>575</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm aliquid formæ generationi præcedat in materia, an ſola ipſa materia ſufficiat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>577</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum priuatio ſit principium rerum mobilium. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>579</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Utrùm partes habeant aliquam formam à totius forma ſecretam de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, nec ne, & Latinorum opiniones recenſentur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>581</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Argumenta oppoſita de partium forma diluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>583</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Recitantur opiniones aliorum de multitudine formarum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>584</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Alię rationes afferuntur ad <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan> formarum <expan abbr="approbandā">approbandam</expan>. & noſtra ſententia recitatur. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>587</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondemus ad obiectiones quæ à Thomistis afferuntur de multitudine formarum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>589</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Argumenta D. Thomę aduerſus id quod è communiore forma, <expan abbr="minuſq́ue">minuſque</expan> communi fiat vnum, tanquam è poteſtate & actu. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33.</cell><cell>592</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Scotistarum & Patauinorum argumenta de formarum multitudine diluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>593</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Zimarę argumenta de <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> multitudine percurrimus, & reliqua Scotistarum apponuntur. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>594</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reliqua Scotistarum argumenta de formarum multitudine tolluntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>595</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex definitione generationis colligitur, an'ne reſoluatur quod interit, vſque in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> primam. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>597</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur obiectiones quæ ſolent afferri in eam ſententiam quam nos de ſubstantiæ reſolutione defen-dimus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38.</cell><cell>599</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De reſolutione accidentium in materiam. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>601</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Initia generationum fatalium, & quaſi proœmium ad ea quæ de fato complectitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>603</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Complures antiquorum ſententię de fato breuiter recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>604</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>In eos qui omnia neceſſariò euenire putabant, & generatim & ſigillatim diſputatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>606</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad reſponſiones eorum qui aſſerunt fatum, nonnulla dicuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>608</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aduerſus Pomponatium qui Stoicos defendebat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44.</cell><cell>609</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm omnia contingenter, an neceſſariò fiant. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45.</cell><cell>610</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid neceſſarium ſit, & eius ſpecies, & cauſſæ generatim exponuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46.</cell><cell>612</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur quid neceſſitas ſit, vtrum ne res, an modus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47.</cell><cell>613</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Natura contingentis explanatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48.</cell><cell>615</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Contingentis cauſſę diligentius explicantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49.</cell><cell>617</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerrois digreſſio explicatur ex T. XLVIII. Secundi Phyſ. de <expan abbr="cõtingente">contingente</expan> ad vtrumlibet. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50.</cell><cell>618</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę ſit animi noſtri ſententia de contingente æqualiter. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 51.</cell><cell>619</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertium caput eiuſdem digreſſionis expenditur diligenter quo docetur, an neceſſarium & contingens accidente ſolo distinguatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 52.</cell><cell>621</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de fato cenſuerit Aristoteles: & dubitationes nonnullę diluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 53.</cell><cell>622</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur ratio neceſſitatis inter cauſſas, & effecta quæ fatalia constituimus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 54.</cell><cell>623</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reliqua argumenta diluuntur, quibus oſtendebatur fatum, & contingens non congruere. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 55.</cell><cell>625</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur definitio monstri. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 56.</cell><cell>626</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum'ne materies, an efficiens ſint monſtri cauſſę. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 57.</cell><cell>628</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm efficiens fine potiatur quodammodo, dum efficit monſtrum, an non. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 58.</cell><cell>629</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De cauſſis monſtrorum ſigillatim. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 59.</cell><cell>631</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De periodorum cauſſis in viuentibus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 60.</cell><cell>633</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla de proſpera fortuna ex Ariſtotelis dictis adſcribuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 61.</cell><cell>635</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An à diuerſis ordinis eiuſdem cauſſis proximis idem naſci poſſit effectus, an alius ex aliis, & complu-ra argumenta ad alteram partem problematis afferuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 62.</cell><cell>636</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Defenditur altera pars problematis, & diluuntur eæ rationes quibus concludebatur eundem effectum à diuerſis cauſſis naſci non poſſe. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 63.</cell><cell>638</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua notantur ad mutationes elementorum pertinentia. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 64.</cell><cell>640</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s><arrow.to.target n="table5"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>LIBER SEPTIMVS QVI EST DE INCREMENTO.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponvntvr ea de quibus agendum eſt, & incrementi ſubiectum indagatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>643</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De modo quo fit auctio, & de ipſius materia. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>644</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An ſit corpus de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>646</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explorantur <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> Auerrois in <expan abbr="Auicennā">Auicennam</expan>, & corpus in <expan abbr="prædicamẽto">prædicamento</expan> ſubstantiæ collocatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>647</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliæ doctiſſimorum virorum rationes recitantur contra corporis formam. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>649</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reliquæ rationes contra formam corporis allatę diluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>651</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponitur quæstio de quantitate interminata. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>653</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>In medio ponuntur aliæ veterum rationes contra quantitatem interminatam. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>654</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad ea quę de quantitate interminata contra veteres Aristotelis interpretes dicta ſunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>656</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur opinio noſtra de natura quantitatis interminatę, & veterum Peripateticorum auctoritate confirmatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>659</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea diluutur quę de interminata quantitate dubitata ſunt, & ad exitum quæstio perducitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>663</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua exponuntur de natura quantitatis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>665</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Tangimus aliqua de quantitate Mathematica propter Achillini dubitationem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>669</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Infinitum in natura, & quibus modis eſſe contingat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>670</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Notantur eorum fallaciæ qui contra Ariſtotelis ſententiam de infinitate decreuerint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>672</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De terminis rerum natura conſtantium. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>674</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De cauſſis efficientibus quantitatem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17.</cell><cell>775</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ut id quod eſt poteſtate quantum, ſit in ortu & auctione. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>678</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Conditiones communes auctionis exponuntur, & docetur quid'nam augeatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>679</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid ſit id quo augetur, & explicatio T. XXXIV. Primi de Gen. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>681</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur Textus libri II. de Anima, & diſſeritur quid eſt id quo nutritur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>683</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quædam ad intelligentiam illius attributi communis afferuntur, vt auctio fiat ſecundum quodlibet ſi-gnum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>685</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An per ſe totum, an partes potius augeantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23.</cell><cell>686</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quo fiat auctio ſigillotim exponitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>688</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De ſubiecto auctionis, & differentia inter auctionem, & alias eiuſdem generis mutationes. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>689</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ affinitas inter auctionem, & cęteras eiuſdem generis mutationes intercedat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>690</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum nutrix & auctrix diſtinguantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>692</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Natura decrementi colligitur ex ſupradictis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>694</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De fine auctricis vberius diſputatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>696</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæſtio proponitur, an auctio ſit motus continuus, & Auerrois opinio recitatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>697</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explorantur Auerrois dicta defendentis incrementum non eſſe continuum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>999</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid nobis decrementi continuatione placeat, ediſſeritur, & opiniones aliorum conuelluntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>700</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm crementum & decrementum ſint continui <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> motus; an ſtatus inter <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> intercedat. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33.</cell><cell>701</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Eius quęſtionis ergò Idem'ne perpetuò conſeruetur id quod creſcit ab initio vſque ad finem diſſeritur ge-neratim, an id quod interit, idem numero reuerti queat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>702</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An idem ſit ab initio vſque ad extremum id quod augetur, & ad hoc inſtitutum Auerrois digreſſio de-claratur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>705</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum forma viuentis beneficio caloris, & humoris innati conſeruetur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>708</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Euertuntur rationes, quibus probatur idem non eſſe indiuiduum ab initio vitæ vſque ad exitum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>710</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt id quod augetur, ex qualibet parte fiat maius, & quod partium genus alij poſuerint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38.</cell><cell>712</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum ſententiis refutatis exponitur quid placeat nobis de eo, quòd auctio fiat <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>713</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Rationes Philoponi quas inſtruxit contra decretum Ariſtotelis de natura incrementi diluuntur. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>715</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>In quam natura ſpeciem motus rarefactio referenda ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>717</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Rarefactionis definitio perponditur, & purgatur ab obiectis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>719</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum rare factione poſita vacuum non introducatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>720</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s><arrow.to.target n="table6"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>LIBER OCTAVVS QVI EST DE ALTERATIONE.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>NONNVLLA diſputantur quæ ad accidentium mutationem pertineant generatim, ac pri-mo loco de fine. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>723</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quoad facultas accidentis generando procedat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>725</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur rationes quibus oppugnatur accidens in ortu ſubſtantię non eſſe inſtrumentum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>726</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm qualitatum ſit actio quædam propria, nec quatenus ſunt inſtrumenta ſubſtantiæ, an non. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>729</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſtituitur quæstio de ſtrato accidentis, & Auicennę ſententia perpenditur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>731</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De concordia accidentis cum ſubſtantia, vbi Simplicij ſententia defenditur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>732</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Expenduntur ea quæ de ſubiecto accidentis in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem diſſeri ſolent. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>734</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur an duo accidentia quæ numero diſſerunt, in eodem ſubiecto conſistere valeant. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>735</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Veſtigatur vtrùm poteſtas in qualitatibus, an ſubstantiis reponenda ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>737</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ nos de poteſtatis natura conſtituimus, & obiecta diluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>739</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur an'ne ſecundum figuram ſit alteratio. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>741</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm alteratio ſit ad diſpoſitionem & habitum, an alius quidam motus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>743</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ veteres de elementorum formis decreuerint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>745</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Afferuntur in medio nonnulla quæ pro Gręcis de elementorum formis dici poſſunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>746</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerrois ſententia de elementorum formis proponitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>748</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerrois ſententia de elementorum forma perpenditur, & id præcipuè, an'ne intendatur, & remit-tatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>749</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua ex Græcorum dictis afferuntur, & exponitur qui ſint animi nostri ſenſus de elementorum for-mis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17.</cell><cell>751</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur vis eius effati, quod vere eſt nulli accidit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>753</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur reliquæ obiectiones quę contra Græcos de elementorum formis afferri ſolent. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>755</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sint'ne ponendæ octo primæ qualitates in elementis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>756</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine primarum qualitatum, <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. gradibus in ſingulis elementis accuratè diſquiritur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>757</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur de cauſſis intentionis, & remiſſionis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>759</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliæ ſententiæ notantur de cauſſis intentionis & remiſſionis, & fundamenta poſitionis nostræ iaciun-tur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>761</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur vtrùm contrariorum partes vnà conſistant; an'ne inter ſe prorſus oppugnent. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>763</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex conſtitutis aliquæ dubitationes pelluntur, & nonnulla contra intentionem & remiſſionem diſputan-tur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>765</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Mediorum ſpeculatio proponitur, & multa de illorum natura tractantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>767</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sint'ne media magis oppoſita, quàm extrema, & quæ'nam ſit eorum conſtitutio. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>770</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad ea quæ contra cauſſas intentionis & remiſſionis obiecta ſunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>772</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur, vt qualitates in corporibus ſimplicibus ſine contrario plus, & minus accipiant. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>774</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex dictis aliqua de elementorum eſſentia dubitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>776</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum elementorum formæ distinguantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>777</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur in vtranque partem de oppoſitione caloris, & frigoris. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>779</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm primæ qualitates materiam per ſpecies afficiant, an ſpecie nihil opus ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>781</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Afficiatur'ne indiuiduum, & quemadmodum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>782</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quædam de alteratione generalia tractantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>783</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur propria notio contactus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>784</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Utrùm omne agens agat per contactum, an etiam longinquum afficere queat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>785</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm ea quæ poſituram habent, occupent locum, an loci prorſus expertia ſint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48.</cell><cell>787</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſſæ vestigantur actionis & perpeſſionis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>788</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Actionis & affectionis cauſſæ ſeorſum recenſentur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>789</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur vtrùm idem ſeipſum afficere queat, an ab alio ſemper affectio naſcatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>790</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur, vtrùm ſimile à ſimili affici poſſit, an à diſſimili neceſſariò. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>792</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Solá'ne formæ multitudo amplificet actionem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>793</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Instituitur diſceptatio de repaſſione, & ad falſam partem problematis argumenta recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44.</cell><cell>795</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Sententię complurium Latinorum de repaſſione confutantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45.</cell><cell>796</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua via repaſſionis ratio defendenda ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46.</cell><cell>798</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Euertuntur obiectiones quæ contra repaſsionem afferuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47.</cell><cell>800</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad quęſtionem de mixtura deuenitur, & aliarum ſectarum opiniones recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48.</cell><cell>802</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de mixtione contra Auicennam diſſeruntur, & reliqua quæ cæteri proſitentur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49.</cell><cell>803</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Auicennæ dogma de mixtione defenditur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50.</cell><cell>805</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm forma mixti diſcrepet à temperamento nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 51.</cell><cell>807</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s><arrow.to.target n="table7"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>LIBER NONVS EST DE CONVERSIONE.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>PRAEFATIO AD FERD. MED. M. ETRVRIAE DVC. SERENISS.</s></p> <table> <table.target id="table4"></table.target> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De motu generatim diſſeri initio Octaui libri, de Phyſico auditu. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>813</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Perpenditur à natura motus, an'ne ipſe generatim perpetuus ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>814</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Soluuntur Peripateticè rationes Philoponi contra Ariſtotelem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>816</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur Ariſtotelis ratio quæ ab instantis natura dicta eſt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>817</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Probatur motum nunquam ceſſaturum à natura motus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>819</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Errores veterum, qui mundum cœpiſſe volebant deteguntur, & eorundem dicta <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> refutantur. C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>820</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm ab æterno principio quicquam noui poſſit proximè proficiſci, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>822</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid reſpondeant ad obiecta Peripatetici, quibus aliquid noui proximè ab ęterno proficiſci probatur, quid'ue ad eorum rationes dicendum ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>824</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Utrùm motus animalis fiat ab externo, ſit'ne prorſus internus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>826</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Humanarum actionum primordia veſtigantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>828</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum motiones in homine obeantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>829</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Enarratur ordo principiorum mouentium in animali. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>831</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinantur argumenta oppoſita, & libertatis humanę principia ſtatuuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>833</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Alia nonnulla ad finem attinentia adſcribuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>834</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Adiungitur ad ea quæ de prinipiius actionis expoſita ſunt, aliquid de altero illo conſilio, quod non ſe-quitur actio. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>835</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Concluditur vt motus in rebus ſe habeat, quo ad earum ſubiecta, & tempus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>836</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſoluitur ordo mobilium in id quod per ſe mouetur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17.</cell><cell>838</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua ratione, qua'ue ſpecie motus id quod eſt per ſe mobile moueatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>839</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum ſe habeat primum per ſe mobile ad ſuas parteis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>840</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ratio, qua concluditur eſſe motorem quendam æternum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>841</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Concluditur abſolute primum motorem eſſe, & alia quę ad illuſtrandas eas rationes attinent, afferun-tur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>842</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm via quę vtitur motu, neceſſaria ſit ad inueniendas eſſentias à materia ſeparatas, an alia quędam ſubueniat. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>846</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm vna tantùm ſubſtantia ſeparata ſit, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>848</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum ſe habeant prima mouentia quo ad perfectionem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>851</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd ſit vnus quidam motus omnium primus, & quis'nam hic ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>852</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd conuerſio ſola continua ſit, & prima ſpecies lationis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>854</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm conuerſioni alius quiſpiam motus contrarius ſit, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>856</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reliqua de motuum repugnantia ſubſcribuntur, & de ratione menſuræ dubitatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>857</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm in ſemicirculo circulo'ue fiant contrariis motus nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>860</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De natura centri & loco cœli cęterorum ſententiæ recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30.</cell><cell>863</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum opiniones de loco cęli confutantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>865</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Nostra ſententia constituitur de loco cœli. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>866</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum ſententiæ conciliantur, & oppoſita de loco cœli diſſoluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33.</cell><cell>867</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggredimur docendum, vt conuerſio menſura ſit aliorum motuum & initia temporis explorantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>869</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum tempus requirat animæ mutationem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>870</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Colligitur definitio temporis, & aduerſus illam dubitatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>872</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De natura inſtantis, <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. origine nonnulla. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>874</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Summa temporis definitio colligitur, & contra dubitatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38.</cell><cell>875</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſſę quęruntur multarum proprietatum quę tempori adſcribuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>877</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quot modis accipiatur id quod dicitur eſſe in tempore, & vt eſſe motu ſit in tempore. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>879</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De ęuo nonnulla Peripateticè diſſeruntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>880</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum tempus metiatur quietem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>883</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Verùm tempus ſine ope animę ſubſistat, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>885</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm ſit idem tempus omnibus commune, an <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> proprium. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44.</cell><cell>887</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatio loci cuiuſdam ad extremum 4. Phyſ. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45.</cell><cell>888</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ediſſeritur quemadmodum tempus ſit menſura motus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49.</cell><cell>889</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid pars, quid ſpecies temporis, & cur à ſole metrum temporis accipiendum ſit. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47.</cell><cell>891</cell></row></table> <p type="head"> <s>LIBER DECIMVS EST DE SVBSTANTIIS QVAE MOTVM <lb></lb>IN COELO EFFICIVNT.</s></p> <table> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>COELVM non eſſe corpus compoſitum è quattuor elementis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1.</cell><cell>893</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm corpora illa quæ elementa vocantur, per ſe ſeorſum exiſtere queant nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.</cell><cell>895</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Cęlum ignem non eſſe demonſtratur contra Plotinum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.</cell><cell>856</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ cęli materia ſit, quid alij decreuerint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.</cell><cell>898</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>In ſuperiora diſputatur, & oſtenditur, vt cęlum ſe habeat ad alterum principium quod est forma. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.</cell><cell>900</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur de natura cęleſtis ſubſtantiæ ſigillatim, & ex Auerroe dubitata diluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.</cell><cell>902</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De eodem & diuerſo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ibidem cauſſę distinctionis afferuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</cell><cell>903</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Spectatur diligentius quemadmodum materia cęli ſeparetur à materia caducorum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.</cell><cell>905</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Philoponi <expan abbr="latinorumq́">latinorumque</expan>. obiectiones, de materia cęli aduerſus Ariſtotelem è medio tolluntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.</cell><cell>906</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponitur quæstio de mundi perpetuitate, & locus quidam Aristotelis examinatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10.</cell><cell>909</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Variæ philoſophorum ſententiæ de mundi perpetuitate recitantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11.</cell><cell>911</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra Platonicorum ſententiam de mundi æternitate, & eorum rationes diſſoluuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12.</cell><cell>913</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vrùm quod per ſe caducum est, ab alio perpetuum in genere ſubstantię reddi poſſit, nec'ne. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13.</cell><cell>916</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur vtrùm ne accidens ab alio perpetuum reddatur, an intereat neceſſariò. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14.</cell><cell>919</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggredimur explicationem quæſtionis illius, ſit'ne mundus vnus, an plures. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15.</cell><cell>921</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęruntur nonnulla quæ ad vniuerſi perfectionem ſpectant. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16.</cell><cell>924</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum vnum, & multa ſe habeant ad perfectum. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17.</cell><cell>927</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur orbes quanto plus à primo recedunt, non pluribus motibus ferantur, & cur vna tantum ſtella in orbibus inferioribus; infinitæ verò propemodum ſint in octaua ſphæra, ac quæſtioni institutę finis imponitur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18.</cell><cell>928</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de mouentium principiorum infinitate Peripatetici decreuerint. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19.</cell><cell>930</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid ex Ariſtotelis ſententia de infinitate mouentium decernendum ſit, & argumenta oppoſita di-luuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20.</cell><cell>932</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vnde petantur initia motus in cęlo. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21.</cell><cell>935</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd cęlum ſit animatum, ex communi ſenſu philoſophorum ostenditur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22.</cell><cell>937</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Deo primùm ſubiici animam neceſſariò. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23.</cell><cell>938</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur de poſituræ differentiis in corpore cœleſti. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24.</cell><cell>940</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur ea quæ opponi ſolent Ariſtoteli de poſiturę differentiis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25.</cell><cell>941</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum'ne idem ſit anima cęli, & mouens primum, an ſecum neceſſariò differant. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26.</cell><cell>943</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid de anima cęli Peripateticè defendi poſſe credamus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27.</cell><cell>944</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquæ tolluntur è medio quibus decretum de anima cęli poteſt oppugnari. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28.</cell><cell>946</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur quod' nam genus animæ ſit quod cęlo aſſignatur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29.</cell><cell>949</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua'nam ratione moueat motor primus, & in eam partem diſſeritur, quòd moueat vt efficiens. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30. <emph type="italics"></emph>Pag.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>950</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Oſtenditur, Deum ex Ariſtotelis ſententia mouere ſolùm vt finem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31.</cell><cell>952</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Pergimus ad reliqua vnde & aliorum auctoritate, & dubitationibus quibuſdam ſublatis primum mo-uens apud Aristotelem finis vnius rationem habere confirmemus. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32.</cell><cell>955</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur ratio, qua Deus mouet cęlum ſpetiatim. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33.</cell><cell>958</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reprehenduntur argumenta quæ pro altera parte problematis illius afferebantur, qua Deum proba-batur mouere, vt efficiens. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34.</cell><cell>959</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliæ latinorum rationes perpenduntur, quibus confirmatur etiam Deum eſſe cauſſam efficientem. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</cell><cell>961</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm mouens primùm agens liberum ſit, an naturale. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36.</cell><cell>964</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur vtrùm Deus, Ariſtotele auctore, aliquid noſcat extra ſe. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37.</cell><cell>966</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid Peripateticè dicendum ſit ad ea, quæ contra hanc partem problematis, ſit'ne in Deo libertas, al-lata ſunt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38.</cell><cell>970</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quem cultum diis philoſophi veteres adhiberent, & quantum distaret à vero. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.</cell><cell>972</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſtituitur quæſtio de ordine mundi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ibi proponitur diſputatio, ſit'ne Deus <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> menſura. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40.</cell><cell>975</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exquiritur, vnde natura ſumatur ratio menſuræ qua rerum perfectionem metimur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41.</cell><cell>977</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum ratio menſuræ congruat cum diuina ſubſtantia. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.</cell><cell>979</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>quod' nam compoſitionis genus menſuræ ſupponatur, vbi multa de compoſitione rationis, & rei diſſe-runtur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43.</cell><cell>981</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>quod' nam compoſitionis genus pertineat ad mentes à materia ſolutas. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44.</cell><cell>983</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reuertimur ad explicationem ordinis vniuerſi, ac de Idea nonnulla ponuntur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45.</cell><cell>988</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis placita ab ideis abhorrere monstratur, & diluuntur obiecta. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46.</cell><cell>989</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Diligentius explicatur quis ordo rerum ſit in vniuerſo. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47.</cell><cell>993</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine constituto inter Deum & reliqua entia dubitatur, & exponitur ſigillatim, vt quodque pen-deat ex ipſo in eo quod eſt. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48.</cell><cell>995</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur ordo qui est in rebus quæ ſunt ex Deo, pręcipuè verò in cęlo ad inferiora. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49.</cell><cell>998</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Multa de eo genere finis qui dicitur rei genitæ, & cui; nec non ediſſeritur, vt homo ſit omnium finis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50.</cell><cell>999</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>An'ne mala ab vniuerſi ordine arceantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 51.</cell><cell>1001</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vniuerſalium & primarum cauſſarum munera explicantur. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 52.</cell><cell>1003</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ bona præſtent in natura primę cauſſæ Deus & cęlum quo'ue differant ab aliis cauſſis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 53.</cell><cell>1006</cell></row> <row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Illustratur ratio diuinæ gubernationis, & exponitur qualis ſit energia primi finis. Cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 54.</cell><cell>1009</cell></row></table> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS INDICIS CAPITVM QVAE IN HOC <lb></lb>VOLVMINE CONTINENTVR.</s></p> <pb></pb> <p type="head"> <s>ERRATA SIC CORRIGITO. PRIMOLOCO PONITVR NVMERVS</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>Paginarum, ſecundo Littera, tertio numerus Linearum, quarto correctio.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX PRIMO LIBRO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>3. D 3. Architectoni & ſic <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> 4. e 4. id quod concr. 6. non vid. 11. nil vetet. </s> <s>f 6. vt nota. </s> <s>h 2. inductiuærat. 5. b 11. cre<lb></lb>duntur. 6. e 5. rei ſcientia deficiet. 15. ponet. </s> <s>f 10. euertetur. 7. d 3. diſcedamus. 6. ſed vel cog. 8. e 7. quòd iud. 12. opera. </s> <s>f <lb></lb>7. quippe quòd. </s> <s>g 5. præcedit. 12. cuiuſcuiuſmodi. </s> <s>h 11. fertur. 10. e 12. materiata. <foreign lang="grc">χωρισὴ.</foreign> 13. a 8 poteſtas. </s> <s>d 2. hoc. 5. in<lb></lb>dicantes. 14. e 13. tranſilimus. </s> <s>g 1. iudicari 15. f 9. eſſent. 18. f 14. <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> eſſe. </s> <s>g 2. vox <foreign lang="grc"><gap></gap></foreign> apud. 20. e 13. <foreign lang="grc">ἐντυχεῖς.</foreign><lb></lb>f 10. <foreign lang="grc">ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα</foreign> 21. 26. faciendæ. </s> <s>b 3. indicare. </s> <s>d 3. creatio. 22. g 8. ſit. </s> <s>h vlt. <foreign lang="grc">ὑποστατικῶς</foreign> 24. f 4. <foreign lang="grc">ἡ τέχνη.</foreign> g 11. diſun<lb></lb>guam. 13. ita fit. 25. b 3. producatur ſimile nunquam. 10. fit. </s> <s>vt. </s> <s>c 2. nam dicere poſ. </s> <s>d 11. Ariſ. </s> <s>inter ita. 26. e 1. dum fit. </s> <s>f 11. <lb></lb>En tibi. </s> <s>h 9. niti ſemper. 27. c 13 formę. 29. a 2. mouet. </s> <s>b 14 efficeret. 30. c 9. abſolutus. </s> <s>g 2. ſint. 31. c 1. <foreign lang="grc">ἀντερείδουσιν</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>32. e 11. corrige ſic. <foreign lang="grc">τὰ δὲ γένει ἕτεπα πλεῖον διέστηκεν ἢ τὰ εἴδει</foreign>. </s> <s>g 12. <expan abbr="fiãt">fiant</expan>. 34. c 4. an'num. 18. notuere. </s> <s>g 1. diſtortæ & per<lb></lb>plexę. </s> <s>h 2. <foreign lang="grc">τύχῳ</foreign>. 4. audis. 5. quadrate. 37. a 9. quid ſit. 38. e 11. ſine. 13. ſeparantur. 39. d 5. <foreign lang="grc">ἒχει πολιτικὴν</foreign> 15. cluent. <lb></lb></s> <s>40. h 12. Huic. 14. <foreign lang="grc">ὑπομνηματιστοῦ</foreign>. 42. h 3. <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanque</expan>. 13. 14. ex parte neceſſe eſt eſſe. 43. 27. vniuerſalis. </s> <s>c 4 <expan abbr="euẽta">euenta</expan>. </s> <s>g 12. de<lb></lb>negari. 44. e 8. negantem. </s> <s>g 4. 10. ſubalternans. </s> <s>h 7. definitas. 45. 23. vt <expan abbr="aliq.">alique</expan> d 15. primi. 49 a 8 quanque. 50. e 15. <expan abbr="anteq̃">anteque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>f 15. philoſophiæ. 51. a 12. <expan abbr="imitãtur">imitantur</expan> artes. 14. earum c 12. medicos. </s> <s>d 1. <foreign lang="grc">μιμητικαὶ</foreign> 52. f 5. quę quid. 8. liberali. </s> <s>g 14. ſi <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>53. a 9. <foreign lang="grc">δ̀ εἰκόνα.</foreign> c 3. <foreign lang="grc">ἀκριβείας.</foreign> 13. perſpicuitas. 54. e 1. quod ad. 9 pareat. 10. ſiqua. 12. Phyſicæ. </s> <s>h 7. tranſcendentiæ. 13. <lb></lb>habeant ſubiiciuntur & determinantur. 55. d 11. fuerat <foreign lang="grc">εἰσιέτω</foreign>. 56. e 10. qua ſunt. 57. d 4. materiæ. 58 f 6. at ſic. 7. <foreign lang="grc">περας <lb></lb>γνώσεως.</foreign> 14. hexagonum. </s> <s>c 6. <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>. 60. g 13. à diuino. </s> <s>h 2. ſubalternantem ad hanc ab alia. 61. c 2. concipiamus. 7. cum <lb></lb>& ſic <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> 63. b 10. corporeę. 64. e 13. corpus. </s> <s>g 2. fit. 13. quę ope. </s> <s>h 1. efficitur ſecundum vt. 4. <foreign lang="grc">ὑπερούσιον.</foreign> 5. naturę. 65. <lb></lb>b 14. tum præterea c 11. vt vnum definitioni. 66. e 4. noſſe. 68. e 7. effectus. </s> <s>g 5. <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> 69. b 8. illarum. </s> <s>d 15. eclipſi & ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> 70. f 12. ſit & alt. </s> <s>h 4. addimus. 8. <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> art. 71. a 11. de prim. 72. g 10. ſententiam. 73. c 2. <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>. 74. e 16. <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 11. in prima. 85. b 12. modo erit dial. 86. e 7. corrige verba Græca ſic <foreign lang="grc">φυσικὸς τούτων. 10. δὴ τις ἑκατερος.</foreign> 14. eius eſſe <lb></lb>quod. 87. a 15. poteſt quae c 8. ex eo eſſe ord. 90. g 3. recipiunt. </s> <s>h 2. eſſe de ſubſt. 94. e 7. ſubſtantiæ vel acc. 14. omne. </s> <s>g 12. <lb></lb>eędam quid de. 97. a 2. illuſtrentur. </s> <s>b 6. ſimpliciter. 107. c 12. & methodo 109. b 15. verum. </s> <s>c 1. Placitis. 110. e 4. qua<lb></lb>dam. </s> <s>h 9. careat quę <expan abbr="cõtradicentia">contradicentia</expan> ſunt at. 111. a 6. ſectatorib. eius. 112. f 9 <foreign lang="grc">τῆθην.</foreign> 113. b 11. formas. 114. h 1. Abderiticè. <lb></lb></s> <s>115. b 5. ſi verò. </s> <s>c 11. accepta. 116. e 9. <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. 119. c 2. prius natura ſit & id. 13. excreſcat. 120. f 11. adhibent. 121. 7. <lb></lb>niti per ſe. 122. f 8. <foreign lang="grc">γινεσθαι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">γινεσθαι.</foreign> 124. c 1. cauſſam &.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO SECVNDO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>126. F 7. qua ſanè. 11. ſecantur 127. b 13. categorias & ſic vbique. 128. g 10. in diff. 130. e 5. aliquando. 131. a 5. eſſe vn<lb></lb>de. </s> <s>b 3. contracto c 12. mintrat. 132. h 11. <expan abbr="mihiq́">mihique</expan>. </s> <s>ſat. 134. h 1. <foreign lang="grc">ὄντος.</foreign> 136. e 12. <foreign lang="grc">ἔργου</foreign>. 137. d 11. ſimul. 138. g 5. profeſsi. <lb></lb></s> <s>14. quæque. 15. diſſoluere. 140. h 1. indicandę. 141 a 14. auctio. </s> <s>d 8. illuminatio. 142. f 4. exprimatur. 143. c 10. lices. </s> <s>d 15. <lb></lb>partes. 145. c 2. aliud niſi forma. 146. g 11. innitatur. </s> <s>h 15. cauillum & ſic <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> 147. a 13. 14. qualitas. </s> <s>b 4. dictum eſt. </s> <s>d 13. <lb></lb>agens. 148. e 1. mutationi <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> à diuerſis obiectis immutatur; ideo. 150. c 9. deductione. 151. c 13. diffluere. 153. d 15. vt cum. <lb></lb></s> <s>154. a 13. <expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan>. </s> <s>h <foreign lang="grc">ς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">γίνεσθαι.</foreign> 155. c 14. eſſe & in 157 b 3. generabilis. 158. f 15. licet. 159. 22. ſunt. </s> <s>d 11. mutatio<lb></lb>ne. 160. f 14. intelligit. 162. f 14. diſcimus. </s> <s>h 12. fit. 163. c 10. illarum. 165. a 10. <expan abbr="reſolutionẽ">reſolutionem</expan>. 12. rerum poſtulante. </s> <s>b 2. in <lb></lb>ipſo. 5. quo puncta. 166. f 3. vt dum. </s> <s>h 11. lis inter. 167. d 5. eiſdem. 169. b 2. <expan abbr="quæq́">quæque</expan>. </s> <s>d 4. virtutem. 170. c 7. mutatione & <lb></lb>quan. 171. a 12. <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> b 7. quæ int. </s> <s>d 3. quoquam. 172. g 5. perpeſsionis pernicioſę genſ. 173. b 3. motum proprie ſubſt. 175. <lb></lb>a 12. forma. 176. e 1. habeant. 2. conflantur. </s> <s>f 12. rationis. </s> <s>g 14. nominis. </s> <s>h 5. ſi vt. 177. a 10. concedamus. </s> <s>b 9 illę. 178. <lb></lb>e 5. interea. </s> <s>f 6. & ap. 7. rationalis &. 179. b 11. <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> neg. 14. cui. </s> <s>c 4. poſteriore. 180. e 7. e Themiſt. </s> <s>h 6. inſtas. 14. hac mach. <lb></lb></s> <s>15. approbas. 181. c 8. fundentur. 13. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic. </s> <s>d 7. canon. 10. priuationes. 12. ſicubi. 182. f 13. occidunt. </s> <s>h 25. præſtet. 183. <lb></lb>b 7. ſtatue. </s> <s>c 12. abſentia. </s> <s>actu eſt eſſe. 184. e 3. ſint. </s> <s>g 12 manens. </s> <s>h 12. ſunt. 185. a 10. conſtitutiones. 186. f 15. verè dicat. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 7. dicemus. </s> <s>h 4. vis. 187. b 15. <expan abbr="potiusq́ue">potiusque</expan>. </s> <s>c 8. per ſe ipſam 188. e 3. <foreign lang="grc">ἂλλο.</foreign> 12. vſus nom. </s> <s>f 4. aio infor. 8. materia concr. 15. <lb></lb>reſtituitur, & intenditur. 189. b 1. tamen for. </s> <s>d 14. <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον,</foreign> & o. 190. c 5. 7. capiat. </s> <s>g 9 idonea. 191. a 6. plurib. mate<lb></lb>riæ portionibus <expan abbr="nō">non</expan>. 198. g 8. illuminationis in. 199. a 7. interitus? </s> <s>b 2. quod ſuum. 205. b 15. cęteris. </s> <s>c 10. vt eius. 206. g 2. <lb></lb>ſupereſt. </s> <s>h 1. naturale. 207. c 9. ibi affl. 208. c 8. ſenſu. </s> <s>g 14. oſtenderimus. 209. b 7. ducitur. </s> <s>c 4. ſi non in eo gen. </s> <s>at in alio. <lb></lb></s> <s>a 10. e 4. ſit per. </s> <s>g 11. primò de illo de rel. h 7. tribuitis. 212. f 8. conſtat. 10. aſſecutum eſt. 13. demonſtrationis vi. 213. a 15. <lb></lb>aliquem. 16. omnia. </s> <s>c 3. ibi non ſer. 214. e 15. præterea. </s> <s>f 6. componeres. </s> <s>g 15. mobilis. 217. a 3. eſſe de loco. </s> <s>b 9. maneat. <lb></lb></s> <s>c 4. mens noſtra. 12. quoniam motum. 218. g 3. nec magis. 15. cominus. </s> <s>h 4. præcederet. 220. e 14. res ipſa. </s> <s>h 14. <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> non. <lb></lb></s> <s>221. c 8. metiri tametſi. 222. e 12. nanciſcatur. </s> <s>f 14. quippe quae propè. 223. a 6. petitur à ſaxo. 13 <expan abbr="priusq́">priusque</expan>. </s> <s>d 13. qua diſp. 14. <lb></lb>poſtulat. 225. b 4. ortu. 5. pellat. </s> <s>d 6. aſcenſui. 226. g 7. <expan abbr="conſimilẽ">conſimilem</expan> rationem in. 227. b 3. vereor.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO TERTIO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>228 G 10. animus. 14. natura. 229. a 3. fuerit, &. </s> <s>d 5. tranſilit. 230. e 5. ſuſtinens. </s> <s>g 14. de ipſo vbi. </s> <s>h 5. à reliquis. 231. c 2. <lb></lb>Burlęus. </s> <s>d 6. particulis. 232. e 3. effectus. </s> <s>f 7. opere. </s> <s>g 6. requiri. 14 ſit. 233. a 6. dictum fuit: æger. </s> <s>d 8. <expan abbr="eoq.">eoque</expan> 235. d 4 per<lb></lb>ſpicuum. 236. h 15. <foreign lang="grc">οὐρανὸς.</foreign> 237. c 13. redundat. 238. h 11. in ſubſt. 239. a 2. natura. 24. d 3. ſuſcipiunt. 242. c 2. Hippo<lb></lb>cratis & ſic <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> 11. & ſapit. 244. f 1<gap></gap>. </s> <s>natura. 246. c 8. ſanari. 247. a 1. ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>c 3. eſſentiali. 248. h 6. quies verò. 249. <lb></lb>b 9. materia. </s> <s>c 1. inuenerat. 250. g 7. ſignificati. 251. c 14. præferendam. 252. e 3. eum. 4. cum id aut. </s> <s>f 10. <expan abbr="probationẽ">probationem</expan>. </s> <s>g 4. <lb></lb>partes. </s> <s>A B. 6. quin fieri. 253. a 5. ſic progre. </s> <s>b 11. extenta. 254. f 11. neceſſaria. 255. c 7 <expan abbr="approbatã">approbatam</expan>. 14. <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>. 256. e 12. <lb></lb>illa. </s> <s>f 5. oppoſito. 260. g 2. moueatur. 10. qui fit. 13. <expan abbr="dicebãt">dicebant</expan> animum eſſe corpus. 261. c 14. potuit. </s> <s>d 14. vera. 262. c 14. per<lb></lb>ſpicuæ. </s> <s>h 5. ſeipſo non moueri primo, & ab alio. 263. d 11. hyeme <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> 264. f 3. ordinatim. </s> <s>g 7. ſicca. </s> <s>h 5. tibi ſuſp. 15. mota. <lb></lb></s> <s>265. a 15. ſubactum. 266. g 6 animales. 267 c 4. calore. 268. e 8. aut vbi. </s> <s>f 3. ea. 269. a 4. quid ergo. 15. at certe. 270 g 11. <lb></lb>inſit. 271. c 2. eſt ei quod eſt. 6. poſſent. </s> <s>d 5. nos qd. 272. e 9. <foreign lang="grc">τρόπον.</foreign> g 11. delibare h 12. natura poſt. 273. b 2. poſſum. 5. <lb></lb>quid ſibi. 274. h 3. <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan>. 275. c 1. conuertit. 6. notus. </s> <s>d 6. cuius cauſſam. 277. b 10. poſt certè. 278. f 13. forma. </s> <s>g 13. ac<lb></lb>cedat. 281. c 7. ipſo term. 14. ne pro eo. 282. f 8. <expan abbr="cõtracta">contracta</expan>. 283. d 4. ſenſum pellere. 287. a 2. ſecunda. 3. <expan abbr="exagitatã">exagitatam</expan>. </s> <s>b 6. po<lb></lb>terat. </s> <s>c 1. materia. 14. <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan>. 288. e 3. ſecus ſit. </s> <s>f 7. <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan> de cęlo. </s> <s>T. 27. h 6. motus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>. 8. deſinat. 15. denominatio. 290. <lb></lb>g 13. vtrum'ne. 291. a 2. <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> quæ 10. <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> opp. </s> <s>b 2. nobis apparet. 292. e 8. habitus illi ſupponatur. </s> <s>Quòd. 293. a 3. per <lb></lb>ſuam for. </s> <s>b 12. raro'ue. 13. monemus. </s> <s>d 1. alens. 2. quod fit in. 7. tum nego. 294. e 10. habet <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>. 14. ſic & illa. </s> <s>f 8. ſimi<lb></lb>lis. </s> <s>g 7. ſecundum ſe. 10. habet. </s> <s>h 10. <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> poteſtatis. 295. b 15. eum eſſe. 296. g 7. motura eſt vt hoc ſine. 297. d 12. Simplicio. <lb></lb></s> <s>303. a 1 eas eſſe. 304. g 2. <foreign lang="grc">φρονοῦν φρονᾶ</foreign>. 305. a 15. poſsit in actum. </s> <s>d 12. à quo vel quod ſem. 306. e 3. <expan abbr="Quęcunq.">Quęcunque</expan> verò caſu ſi<lb></lb>cut ibi <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan>. </s> <s>i. vt in artifice <foreign lang="grc">κινεῖ,</foreign> quorum materia poteſt & à ſe ipſa moueri eo motu quo ſemen mouet. </s> <s>g 7. nalitus. </s> <s>h 5. inuſtis. <lb></lb></s> <s>307. d 1. quieſt. 313. b 3. ſic pars. 6. ſi per ſe. 13. ſecundum quas. </s> <s>c 1. hoc aut. </s> <s>d 12. ſint confirm. 15. accidensm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. 314. <lb></lb>h 5. Alexandro. 14 gremio. 315. a 6. rex excel. 9. ſi deficiatur. </s> <s>c 7. is. 316. f 8. aliquam. </s> <s>h 1. ita vt niſi. 13. <expan abbr="cõtinuæ">continuæ</expan>. 317. b 5. <lb></lb>Primum quia. 6. denominantur. </s> <s>c 12. imperfecti. </s> <s>d 13. plumbeus. 318. f 14. ita monet. </s> <s>g 4. materia ſuæ 3. 9. b 8 leue ſic. 11. <lb></lb>grauitate 321. c 5. animali primum viuens pro port. </s> <s>d 5. monſtrat. 322. g 1. hos mot. 323. a 6. mouere. 324. e in tit. </s> <s>quas <lb></lb>ex. </s> <s>f 7. quæ ex ſe ipſa. </s> <s>h 2. in ſcupo. 325. a 7 violentiam. 12. quoquo. </s> <s>d 6. ſemper ab alio. 326. f 14. teſtetur. </s> <s>h 1. ratio pro<lb></lb>pria. 12. dictorum. 327. a 17. vt à forma. </s> <s>b 7. moueri. </s> <s>c 12. poteſtatum. </s> <s>d 15. arbitror. 328. g 8. nil perfectè. </s> <s>h 2. in poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>229. b 10. partienda. </s> <s>d 10. igitur & materia. 330. e 8 materiæ proximę. 10. forent. 17. moueretur. </s> <s>f 11. alterum quidem. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 8. fit eſſe. </s> <s>h 9. ſufficiente. 332. e 7. natura ſic. 15. tibi pl. h 3. admittant. 10. ſi non re ſep. 336. f 12. auctor hic. 13. ſolę. <lb></lb></s> <s>h 14. recidat. 339. a 3. carere. 14. commeant. </s> <s>b 12. continuas. </s> <s>c 10. vbi cum.</s></p> <pb></pb> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO QVARTO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>g 42. H 4. paret. 344. h 9. intermutationem. 346. g 10. <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> admir. 11. repugnantiam. 11. tamen ſint. 347. a 16. vt aerem. <lb></lb></s> <s>in tit. </s> <s>actum à remou. 348. h 6. enim erit. 349. b 8. euenit. 350. c 1. deiicitur. 2. quòd actus. 14. officio ſalua poteſtate in fin. <lb></lb></s> <s>f 1. hęc quæ imped. </s> <s>g 9. efficiant. 351. d 15. nitatur. 352. c 10. motum non prof. </s> <s>g 13. indicia. </s> <s>h 11. illa. 354. g 1. is in infin. <lb></lb></s> <s>h a. </s> <s>octur. 357. a 8. abſoluta. </s> <s>Ecce. </s> <s>b 4 naturalem. 6. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita. 358. c 14. diuerſę. </s> <s>g 6. <expan abbr="naturaq́">naturaque</expan>. 359. a 7. non totius. </s> <s>c 1. or<lb></lb>bes. 6. Ariſtoteles in illis. </s> <s>n. eſt idem & agere. </s> <s>d 7. in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> 360. e 1. explicarit. </s> <s>g 9. <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> vis à. 361. c 3. reddi poſsit 9. ſuæ <lb></lb>cupid. </s> <s>d 1. Theonem. 362. c 9 poſituræ. </s> <s>f 6. hic in. 363. a 1. eam. </s> <s>b 10. vt ipſe. </s> <s>c 11. indicandum. 364. g 4. loci. 365. a 16. de <lb></lb><expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>. 366. f 5. augmentationé. 367. a 13. Eum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> b 8. agnoſci. 368. g 11. poteſtatis. 369. a 15. <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. 370. c 2. tractus. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 2. patet igitur ex dictis quòd. 371. d 4. ab <expan abbr="eorundẽ">eorundem</expan> elementorum <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>. 372. c 9 <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>. 373. c 11. <expan abbr="patiẽdi">patiendi</expan>. 374. g 12. <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> 376 g 1 ergo. 4. <foreign lang="grc">μέγεθος.</foreign> n. </s> <s>h 14. defendunt. 381. b 10. vis <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>. 11. non nego. 382. e 15. in quo ineſt. </s> <s>g 10. differui<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>h 12. efficiens. </s> <s>efficere. 384. f 13. initam. </s> <s>h 7. ſit in. 385. a 1. <expan abbr="lẽtor">lentor</expan>. 2. maximus lentor. 11. habita. </s> <s>b 14. libratis. 386. f <lb></lb>11. eam eſſe. </s> <s>g 4. appellemus. 6. quod ita. </s> <s>h 13. in eo. 15. q alia. 387. b 14. propenſio. </s> <s>c 1. natura. 4. efficienti. 5. finis. </s> <s>c 14. <lb></lb>Æthiopibus. 390. h 7. ea cadit. 391. b 1. Ægidij. 4. quanuis. </s> <s>c 1. hos. </s> <s>d 2. <foreign lang="grc">κρείττονος.</foreign> 392. g 1. formæ. 393. b 1. inter bo<lb></lb>nos. </s> <s>c 1. & ſi. 394. e 1. dediſſe. </s> <s>f 4. ad coiuncta. 395. c 5. reuoluimur. 396. f 1. gemma. 9. hic motus. </s> <s>g 9. <expan abbr="blãdi">blandi</expan>. 397. a 2. niti. <lb></lb></s> <s>11. tutius. 16. audi tu. </s> <s>quod revera. 400. f 5. potiatur. 401. b 5. ipſum. </s> <s>d 5. imprimunt. 402. f 6. recuperaturæ. 12. per ſenſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 10. fit at. </s> <s>h 8. <expan abbr="partibusq́">partibusque</expan>. 403. c 11. habeas. 407. d 7. quadam conſtabat quod. 11. ſimile. 409. d 6. idem. 410. h 11. <lb></lb>eſt ei. </s> <s>e 9. paribus. 412. g 13. profectum in forma. 413. a 5. ex <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>nos poſſumus. 415. b 13. natura. </s> <s>d 8. Fiere. 10. emode<lb></lb>randus. 416. f 13. apparabit. </s> <s>flagitat. 417. c 6. quo ad eius. </s> <s>d 5. per accidens. 6. omnino. 419. a 8. quærere. </s> <s>b 11. cauſſa. 420. <lb></lb>f 13. in not. 421. a 5. tales. </s> <s>b 6. ſint <expan abbr="vnẽ">vnem</expan>, vt. 422. h 15. vitio. 424. h 9. continui. 425. a 16. deducimur. </s> <s>c 9. vt id. 11. vt non <expan abbr="oẽ">omne</expan> <lb></lb>corpus ſit. </s> <s>d 3. ille eſt. 427. a 47. moles. </s> <s>c 6. <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>. 8. <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan>. 9. <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>. 428. c 9. <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> locus. 10. ſit. </s> <s>f 5. fit in. </s> <s>g 9. <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan>. </s> <s>h 15. fit. <lb></lb></s> <s>429. a 14. fit. </s> <s>b 15. Mathematica. 4. rectà. 430. c 10. <expan abbr="repetentẽ">repetentem</expan>. </s> <s>f 4. efficitur. </s> <s>g 4. <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>. </s> <s>h 15. Mathematico. 431. c 6. acci<lb></lb>dens. 432. c 13. illo. </s> <s>f 3. aut. 434. g 7. in <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> aquam in corona quam in aurea maſſa. 14. qua ſunt. </s> <s>h 7. eſſe quæ <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>. 435. b <lb></lb>11. loco circun. </s> <s>d 9. <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>. 436. e 8. verum ſit non. </s> <s>g 11. tutius. </s> <s>h 2. qua. 437. a 7. <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan>. </s> <s>b 6. innumera <expan abbr="pũcta">puncta</expan> coe. 438. e 3. <lb></lb>& locus. 11. & aquę. 439. a 11. genus. </s> <s>b 4. ſubiecti. 440. f 4. quomodo. </s> <s>g 5. <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan>. </s> <s>h 3. definito. 8. immobile. 441. c 12. ſe.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO QVINTO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>443. C 5. caducarum. </s> <s>d 1. motuum. 444. g 1. quibuſdam term. 12. eſſe. 11. aſsiduè. 445. a 12. manere. </s> <s>b 4. poſſemus. 8. ca<lb></lb>lorem. </s> <s>d 1. eum. 446. g 12. materiæ. 447. d 16. habeat. 448 e 9. perfectus. 14. Græci. </s> <s>g 4. cœlum. 10. ob. 11. vacauit. 453. <lb></lb>a 15. eſſe confim. </s> <s>c 1. ſanæ. 2. tum motum. 459. f 8. magnitudinem. 14. feretur. </s> <s>h 4. habebant. 9. manent. 458. c 11. ellipſi. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 13 terra. 461. a 3. medium. 462. f 3. minus. </s> <s>g 2. eſt terrenæ. 463. a 12 ſolum. </s> <s>b 1. priuationes. </s> <s>c 6. comparantur vt in. 7. <lb></lb>queant. </s> <s>d 3. ex his ſint quæ ſimp. 10. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ibi. 464. e 6. <expan abbr="rationiſq́">rationiſque</expan>. </s> <s>f 2. pendere. 8. collatum. 13. afferente. </s> <s>g 3. ille. 12. aërem <lb></lb>in aqua 13. noluit. </s> <s>h 3. conſtituere. 465. a 1. minus. 7. cogatur. </s> <s>c 2. inſtar. 466. f 1. definitiones. 12. indicant. 13. <foreign lang="grc">ἵστασθαι.</foreign><lb></lb>g 16. quam illi. </s> <s>h 12. præceps. 467. a 10. nubes. </s> <s>b 12. omni. </s> <s>d 15. diluta. 468. f 3. naturæ cond. </s> <s>g 2. defendi. 8. erunt. </s> <s>h 7. <lb></lb>accidens. 13. eſt circumſ. 469. b 14. albiſsimum. </s> <s>c 14. ſiquis. 470. f 4. autem ex. 472. e 1. quod eſt. </s> <s>g 11. poſitura. 473. a 14. <lb></lb>id quod eſt præt. 15. pręter naturam diutur. </s> <s>eo quod ſecundum naturam. </s> <s>b 8. qui ex ſecret. </s> <s>d 12. Eſt huiuſmodi. 475. a 3. iſte <lb></lb>4. illi. 476. f 5 repurgari. </s> <s>h 6. <expan abbr="machinatã">machinatam</expan>. 13. à leu. 477. b 1. conſciſcat. </s> <s>c 1. aërem. 478. f 15. ſi. 480. f 6. liberè. 14. maris. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 4. commemorare. 5. cura ſupp. 9 habent: minus. 10. fers. 482. c 13. delaſſatæ. 484. e 3. terra. </s> <s>f 3. materiæ. </s> <s>g 5. quin. </s> <s>h <lb></lb>13. nunc ad Aucr. 485. c 6. his obſiſti. </s> <s>d 3. medici. 7. Facit. 486. f 7. ſalis. 8. ſalis. 9. <expan abbr="ouũ">ouum</expan>. 487. b 6. reſperſa. </s> <s>illita. </s> <s>c 13. conta<lb></lb>ctum. 488. e 1. denſeſcet 9. ſi lana qua. </s> <s>g 3. perfungendum h 13. natura. 490. c 2. temporis. 8. acri. </s> <s>f 4 organico. 7. humi<lb></lb>da. 491. a 7. cum docet. </s> <s>b 12. pyramidem. 14. vero octa hed. </s> <s>b 11. vi coactę. 493. b 7. demerſa. 11. iri demer. </s> <s>d 5. circun<lb></lb>ferentia. 7. demerſam. 495. c 12. ad id præſt. </s> <s>d 2. exoriatur. 5. oppugnent. 496. f 12. conſtitit. 15. æqua. 497. b 13 excu<lb></lb>ditur. </s> <s>c 5. partes eſſe. </s> <s>d 13. quam exercet. 498. c 10. dimiſſo. </s> <s>h 13. quia non materia. 500. e 11. per ſe naſe. 14. mobile 502. <lb></lb>e 6. æſtimentur. </s> <s>g 6. lectoris. </s> <s>h 9. vt materia. 15. Fit. 504. f 6. vacui. 11. cauſſæ. </s> <s>g 1. penderet. 505. d 3. afferentur. 506. <lb></lb>f 12. explodatur. 507. a 5. proiectio. 15. remotè. 511. b 3. tolerante 512. g 9. hypeccaumati. 513. a 4. compoſitus. </s> <s>b 2 igni. <lb></lb></s> <s>d 4. amplificato. 515. a 15. ſi quodam illa. 16. iudicium. </s> <s>b 2. ca verè. 516. f 15. mouet. </s> <s>g 2. te docuit. 518. e 15. motu præt. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 15. & à cauſsis. </s> <s>h 3. intenſum. 9. eidem. 519. d 14. vel ignem. 522. c 14. monſtrat item vt latius. 523. c 13. vt in æqual. <lb></lb></s> <s>d 14. hoc ſic. 524. c 9. ſi fuerit. 15. quam. 525. a 4. <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>. 6. certi. </s> <s>c 1. delaſſari. 6. certę. 526. g 3. ea quæ. </s> <s>h 4. proportionum. <lb></lb></s> <s>527. a 11. acre. </s> <s>b 5. Phyſicarum. 6 explicatu. 528. e 7. eſt propor. 14. ea quæ æquè. </s> <s>h 15. dupliciter. 529. a 10. velociorem. <lb></lb></s> <s>530. e 13. tempori. </s> <s>f 15. conſtituto variatur. 531. d 8. vtique. 532. g 11. cenſum. </s> <s>h 1. in infinitum. 533. c 14. quàm axem. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſeu manub. 15. item ſint oportet. </s> <s>d 9 continuare.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO SEXTO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>536. H 7. abdita. 539. a 3. exiſtimare ſi diuerſas. </s> <s>b 9. tandem oracula reddat. 541. b 9. eandem. 542 c 5. ſit de. 543. d 12. <lb></lb>abeant. 544. h 15. careamus ſi reliquimus, aut. 548. e 15. ſeclis. 550. g 4. eum. </s> <s>h 7. fallaciam. 552. f 9. eſt ex in muſ. 15. pri<lb></lb>uationis nomine. 553. d 5. dixerim. 554. h 2. abire. 3. qua quer. 555. a 6. ſubiecto. </s> <s>d 6. potentia. 559. d 3. quendam. 14. <lb></lb>cum abeant. 560. g 5. dicuntur eſſe. 6. cenſentur. 561. d 9. quæ nupet. 565. a 2. quantas. </s> <s>d 3. id eſt. 566. h 7. vſus vt. 567. <lb></lb>b 14. genitura. </s> <s>d 5. actui contrarium. 568. e 14. ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>. </s> <s>f 6. at hoc. 11. futuram. </s> <s>h 3. & eſt. 12. habitam. 569. a 11. deriuan<lb></lb>tur. 12. materia ſit. 570. e 2. ipſius. </s> <s>f 2. accidit. </s> <s>h 13. forma. 571. b 10. <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>. </s> <s>c 2. natura. 572. c 4. oppoſita. </s> <s>g 9. natura. <lb></lb></s> <s>h 7. certi. 573. b 14. <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. 574. f 10. intelligit. </s> <s>g 3. efficientis. 575. a 9. modo. 12. ſic. </s> <s>b 7. varietur. </s> <s>c 11. ab ipſo. </s> <s>d 7. <expan abbr="tãta">tanta</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>576. f 1. indicans. 578. f 8. igitur. </s> <s>h 1. <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> 579. a 5. aliter fore, vt idem eſſet. 580. e 3. <foreign lang="grc">ὕπαρξιν. 4. ὕπαρξειν.</foreign> 581. c 7. <lb></lb>qui tria. 582. c 13. habent. </s> <s>f 2. munerib. 583. c 14. ſiue etiam. </s> <s>d 2. aſsignari ſicut etiam reb. artificioſis. 584. g 9. aſſecutæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>h 2. properemus. 585. b 13. continuenda. 587. a 9. curioſus. </s> <s>d 8. ſit nec'ne. 588. c 8. præditas ſol. 593. a 11. inferiorum. </s> <s>b 2. <lb></lb>aimus. 4. eſſentiæ. 594. h 13. præterea. 596. g 7. hic etiam. 597. a 5. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> d 2. vt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> 13. repetiatur. 600. g. 1. in materiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>h 1. quàm in homine quae rel. 4. generatim. 601. a 13. ſint. 602. c 7. <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. 603. a 5. nec ab ipſius. </s> <s>d 6. prærepta. 13. memoret. <lb></lb></s> <s>604. h 12. quod ſi non. 605. b 11. fecere. </s> <s>d 10. verutos. 609. a 14. innitantur. </s> <s>c 15. temere. 610. g 15. appetituum. 611. b 10. <lb></lb>eam quæ. </s> <s>c 14. euenirent. </s> <s>d 2. quaſdam. 612. g 14. foret. 613. b 1. ſit qui. 7. primum. 9. cauſſę. </s> <s>c 1. occidere. </s> <s>d 1. vis. 614. <lb></lb>f 11. prædicati. </s> <s>g 15. perfectionis. 615. c 14. determinatè. </s> <s>c 3. <expan abbr="tñ">tamen</expan> vi. 616. f 3. naturæ. </s> <s>h 13. hæc autem in materiæ. </s> <s>poſſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>617. a 15. contingentiæ. </s> <s>c 13. <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> 618. f 1. oppoſita. 619. c 1. ex communi. 620. c 1. in primis. </s> <s>f 2. quodammodo. </s> <s>h 7. pa<lb></lb>trare. 621. d 9. ſit aliquid. 623. a 1. fato. </s> <s>d 1. nimium. 624. g 2. terminum. 625. c 3. verum. 627. b 13. aqua item. 628. g 2. <lb></lb>inquiens. 3. materia. 8. ſenibus. 13. <expan abbr="cõmodè">commodè</expan>. 629. a 11. ſene. </s> <s>b 13. eum locum. </s> <s>d 9. auctoritate. 10. qua vniu. 12. ne hilum. <lb></lb></s> <s>630. f 13. odit. 631. a 10. labaſcit. 634. g 4. videri. </s> <s>h 1. æſtate. 635. b 6. careant. 13. ſimplicius. 636. g 4. ſuccedere. </s> <s>hæc ha<lb></lb>benda eſt bona mala'ue fortuna. </s> <s>ſimile. </s> <s>h 7. Chymiſtas. 14. arte. 637. a 15. eadem. </s> <s>c 12. vel modum d 4. mytulos. 638. c 2. <lb></lb>ex ſemine & ex. 6. certa. </s> <s>f 2. propagantur. 6. <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> g 9. ablationem. 11. immanentem. 640. e 8. ſignificata. </s> <s>g 2. arbitra<lb></lb>mur. 641. b 11. difficiles. </s> <s>c 5. <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> d 13. ſi ignis.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO SEPTIMO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>644. g 9. cum veter. 646. g 3. exiſtunt. 647. d 4. complexionem. 649. 21. ſentientem. </s> <s>b 11. natura. 651. a 7. indicabitur. </s> <s>b 5. <lb></lb><expan abbr="locumq́">locumque</expan>. </s> <s>d 6. aęrem. 652. c 7. è corp. </s> <s>g 4. & viſenda. 653. a 6. Bibuli <expan abbr="Cęſariſq́">Cęſariſque</expan>. </s> <s>ludis. </s> <s>b 5. ſubiectum. 12. ratio. </s> <s>d 14. eo tan<lb></lb>tum nomine. 655. c 2. materia pręcedat. 656. c 12. in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>f 5. dictum. 7. <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> 657. a 13. ipſis. </s> <s>b 6. earum actus. <lb></lb></s> <s>658. e 3. quantitas. 14. in ſequentib. <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> varias formas oberrant at. 659. a 13. quæ per. 661. a 7. obſeruata. 662. e 4. prę<lb></lb>finitur etiam quae totidem modis actus & poteſtas accipiuntur quot ſunt categoriæ. </s> <s>g 7. præmonſtratorem. 664. quod eſt ex fig. <lb></lb>g 8. ſolet. 665. c 13. vt vna. 669. a 13. decreuerimus. </s> <s>d 5. obſeruari. 670. f 11. video quæ. </s> <s>h 1. æquę. 671. d 3. potiuntur. 5. <lb></lb>ſignum per ſe. 675. c 8. <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> 676. e 1. vt vtr. 7. propoſita. </s> <s>h 12. eſt. 678. g 13. ſit actu. 680. e 10. eo nomine. 13. ſectioni. <pb></pb>g 10. at ſi illud verò eſſe. 681. a 6. ſoli. </s> <s>c 1. horremus. 6. <expan abbr="animatorũ">animatorum</expan>. </s> <s>d 7. labefactetur. 682. g 12. fine & propter aliud; propt. <lb></lb></s> <s>685. 214 quodlibet <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> hoc eff. </s> <s>ibid. </s> <s>nec <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>. </s> <s>c 8. ſenſum. 686. e 12. tum fit. 687. c 5. <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> quę <expan abbr="plerunq́">plerunque</expan>. 7. profeſſus eſt aliquid <lb></lb>688. g 10. virtutem. </s> <s>ſic. 690. f 13. procedit. 691. a 7. ad auctu. </s> <s>b 8. <expan abbr="vtriſq́">vtriſque</expan>. 693. a 13. <expan abbr="alentẽ">alentem</expan> & aug. </s> <s>b 6. i. </s> <s>aug. </s> <s>c 12. nunc ſub. <lb></lb>d 1. vti, non deſunt qui. 8. natura calor. 694. h 14. actionem. 695. a 5. comminutę. 10. inſtrumenta. </s> <s>b 14. valet. </s> <s>c 13. vinen<lb></lb>tib. 15. alimentitij. 696. g 4. ſeparatus. 697. b. 14. & quaſi in ipſo. 15. nequiuit. 698 h 8. adipiſcatur. 699. c 3 fundetur item <lb></lb>à nutr. 705. b 6. eædem. </s> <s>c 3. hæc nobis. </s> <s>d 9. natura dicitur. 706. c 7. formam. 11. Theſei. 12. remotum. </s> <s>f 4. adæquat. 8. <expan abbr="par-tẽ">par<lb></lb>tem</expan> prob. 9. verbis. 707. a 5. atqui. 6. tribueretur. 9. fit per. 11. fit per. 15. certi. </s> <s>b 6. eſt auct. </s> <s>c 6. nec per ſeipſam. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõſueuit">conſueuit</expan>. 8. <lb></lb>poterunt. </s> <s>d 8. quæ ſic. 11. ſtatuat. 13. ferunt. 708. g 13. vt eius bene. 14. qualitate talem hoc eſt. </s> <s>h 4. motiones. 11. refici. <lb></lb></s> <s>17. patiente conuenit inter. 709. a 10. permeet. </s> <s>d 6. materiam quę toto. 710. f 7. debeat. </s> <s>in tit. </s> <s>euertuntur. 712. e 16. ab il<lb></lb>lis. </s> <s>g 4. huc. 7. diſſecetur nullo. 9. ne exh. 713. b 15. niti. </s> <s>c 1. partib. cont. 714. c 6. in quo primo. 13. poſsimus. 715. a 6. <lb></lb>abitu. </s> <s>b 16. vt exhaur. </s> <s>d 5. Byzantij. 11. Fuiſſent. 716. f 6. videre eſt. 7. ex qua. 9. augentur. 717. a 4. <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> quod. </s> <s>b 13. certa. <lb></lb></s> <s>d 4. cum effic. 8. abſentia. 12. <expan abbr="primoq́">primoque</expan>. 16. altero. 718. c 4. <expan abbr="tamq́">tamque</expan>. 5. Sed hæc. </s> <s>g 8. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc. 719. a 16. quale. </s> <s>b 9. adnexa. <lb></lb></s> <s>16. mutationem. </s> <s>d 12. fuerint. 720. e 3. quantitatis. 5. ſit calidius. </s> <s>f 10. <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quod. </s> <s>g 2. nec plurib. 16. cauſſam. </s> <s>h 15. <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab. 721. <lb></lb>a 4. ſuccedente. 9. naturam. </s> <s>d 15. fuerint. 722. e 4. præter naturam. 8. poteſt. 14. denſatum.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO OCTAVO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>723. C 10. <foreign lang="grc">ἀλλοίωσις, ἀλλοῖον</foreign> ſemper lege cum gemino <foreign lang="grc">λλ</foreign>. 724. e 9. poſſeſsione. 10. illę. 726. g 14. huius eſt actu. </s> <s>h 7. ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ. 12. & à cęter. </s> <s>e 16. Eriſtic <foreign lang="grc">ῶς</foreign>. 727. c 15. nexum. </s> <s>d 1. propter ſe fines. 2. poſteriora. 14. ſpecta. 728. e 6. ſic ordin. </s> <s>g 4. <lb></lb>fit fieri. 10. impedientia. 729. c 11. motus qui. </s> <s>d 16. illarum. 730. h 8. ſucceſſu. 732. f 14. inueniendum. 733. c 11. actus ac<lb></lb>cidentis ex actu. 734. e 8. totam. </s> <s>f 4. rationis. 737. b 7. acris. 738. h 16. hoc meo. 739. b 13. qualitati. 740. f 9. ac generib. <lb></lb></s> <s>h 17. mendis. 743. b 12. innitatur. </s> <s>d 15. cum tamen. 745. b 12. quam. 746. e 16. ipſe. </s> <s>g 10. tertio. 747. b 11. aut verò 13. <lb></lb>cupreſſui. </s> <s>c 7. intendi. 749. b 4. abſolute. 750. f 12. profeſsi. </s> <s>g 4. <expan abbr="vsq̃">vsque</expan>. </s> <s>h 15. nemo. 752. e 8. reparari. 754. c 6. item. 755. c 5. <lb></lb>ſic ſolum. 8. per actum ſecundum. 756. f in tit. </s> <s>elemęntis. 8. mouentur. 9. deletur. 757. d 12. effecta. 758. e 2. ſenſum 4. <lb></lb>ſuperiora. 7. Ariſtotelea. </s> <s>g 6. remiſsiorem. 8. vt mos. 759. b 5. nix. 6. eos exiſtit. 12. materiæ. </s> <s>d 5. obtinebat. 760. g 12. ad <lb></lb>illas. 761. a 5. perfectioris. </s> <s>b 8. colorum. 762. e 7. nobis. </s> <s>g 4. permiſſione. 763. b 4. fit. 11. pictoribus. 14. non ſit. </s> <s>c 4. philo<lb></lb>ſophorum. 764. f 7. eget. </s> <s>g 10. contracto. 766. e 5. vt termini. </s> <s>h 13. halitus. 15. halitus. 767. c 8. acutam. 14. donare. </s> <s>d 15. <lb></lb>ſecquitur. 768. c 11. non eſt. 770 g 3. mucrone. 771. b 6. & nigro. </s> <s>d 17. anaclaſim. 772. f 8. contraria &. </s> <s>g 2. vim. </s> <s>h 16. ex<lb></lb>æquo. 773. b 14. accipiet. 774. f 14. qualitates. </s> <s>h 7. ponantur. 14. ambiguas. 775. a 10. quo ex. </s> <s>d 1. ſint. 3. conditione <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>777. a 14. ſenſiles. </s> <s>d 15. & fine. 778. e 3. hos bon. 6. defendes. 779. a 3. & ſunt. 8. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> c 4. in his eſt. </s> <s>d 14. nullius. 17. ita. <lb></lb></s> <s>780. g 1. repaſsio. 2. <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> 3. priore. 15. benefica. </s> <s>h 4. communicat. </s> <s>ſunt entia. 781. c 9. acrem. </s> <s>d 10. propriore. 782 e 16. <lb></lb>fundum. </s> <s>h 17. non poteſt. 783. b 13. contractam. </s> <s>d 17. accidenti. 784. e 10. quæ alij. 11. innitatur. </s> <s>f 8. perhibetur. </s> <s>h 10. <lb></lb>producenda. 785 a 2. poſitura. 5. ſit vt. </s> <s>d 16. quos tamen. 786. g 14. luminis. </s> <s>h 10. diuerſa. 787. a 3. nulla. 788. f 15 potiri. <lb></lb></s> <s>16. terminos omnes. 789. b 11. fuerit. 16. nimium. </s> <s>c 10. vel ex extr. 790. e 4. ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem. 14. primæ. 15. euidentior. <lb></lb></s> <s>791. a 7. ab altero. </s> <s>c 15. ſpectari. 792. g 11. ſummè. 794. e 11. infigantur. </s> <s>g 8. vnum. 795. d 5. fuerint. 796. g 7. <foreign lang="grc">γόνυ κνή<lb></lb>μης</foreign>. 797. a 8. debilitatum. 9. niſu. </s> <s>b 4. <foreign lang="grc">πάθους</foreign> &. 9. omni. </s> <s>d 8. naturalis. 798. g 6. explicata. 11. è voto. </s> <s>h 4. contrariis. 6. <lb></lb>præſtantia. 12. <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> actu. 799. a 12. <expan abbr="eouſq́">eouſque</expan>. </s> <s>d 8. denominationes. 800. h 6. circum. 801. a 1. facilis. </s> <s>d 7. forma. 802. e 2. ab <lb></lb>illis. 4. <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan>. 803. a 2. <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan>. 805 a 2. <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan> igitur. </s> <s>c 8. coniuctis. </s> <s>d 2. fuerint. 806. e 10. & ne elem. </s> <s>f 2. vt ſi 807. a 8. motu. <lb></lb></s> <s>d 6. perhibetur. 808. h 15. pręſtat. 809. a 11. motus.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO NONO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>814. F 3. ille fuer. </s> <s>h 6. Si quem. 815. a 9. hoc eſt. </s> <s>b 3. ipſum. 816 g 13. tantum. 817. b 14. dicta. </s> <s>e 13. aut fit. 14. dederit. <lb></lb></s> <s>818. f 8. terminum. 9. conuexum. 819. c 13. motui. 820. f 14. abeant. 821. a 13. nulla enim ratio. </s> <s>b 9. teporem. </s> <s>c 5. lis ami<lb></lb>citia'ue. 822. f 2. ſed. </s> <s>h 1. g nauiter. 823. a 5. reſpondeas. 824. e 7. ſit minus. </s> <s>f 10. iudicantium. </s> <s>h 16. cauſſa. 825. a 12. effe<lb></lb>ctuum. </s> <s>effectuum, & cauſſ. </s> <s>d 3. excelſæ. 11. diluam ag. 829. c 8. optimæ. 830. e 1. <expan abbr="coniecturã">coniecturam</expan>. 11. <expan abbr="mortiſq́">mortiſque</expan>. 831. a 5. ni prius. <lb></lb></s> <s>d 14. exagitatio. 832. g 3. quoad tamen. </s> <s>h 7. propinquius. 833. d 1. cognoſcat. 834. g 5. incœpto. </s> <s>h 4. feriendo. 835. b 8. ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> c 5. Ne igitur. 836. f 2. fecerint. 837. c 6. indicat. 838. e 15. per ſe mouere aut mou. </s> <s>f 9. vt in homin. </s> <s>g 1. & id in iis à <lb></lb>proiic. </s> <s>h 11. at qui hoc. 13. ſit id. 839. a 15. illa. 10. qua exord. </s> <s>c 7 qua ratione. 8. duab. d 15. à parte. 840. f 5. i. </s> <s>amplius <lb></lb>repon. </s> <s>g 2. tangeret. 841. d 11. ipſum. 842. f 2. perpetua. 3. eſſe potius. </s> <s>g 11. <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam. 845. a 12. cœlo. </s> <s>d 12. pernoſcen<lb></lb>das. 849. a 13. Hunc etiam. </s> <s>b 11. Tum. </s> <s>d 2. vt color in ir. 851. a 9. teſtantur. </s> <s>d 11. expetit. 853. a 5. <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ad locum omnib. <lb></lb></s> <s>854. e 12 oppoſitam. </s> <s>g 11. quod certè. 856. g 10. conditionib. h 13. erit eadem materia. 857. d 10 lucem aff. 859. d 10. <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtinentur">continentur</expan>. 860. d 10. ac phyſ. 861. b 13. Callippo. </s> <s>d 12. aſſeueratur. 862. g 5. totius primus. 863. c 4. aliam. 864. c 1. offen<lb></lb>dat. 9 obtineat. 11. motum aggr. 12. 13. qui vere triplic. 865. b 6. partes. </s> <s>c 2. quæ poteſtati ſubiicitur. 866. g 15 quae animad. <lb></lb></s> <s>867. a 3. fit vt 868. e 12. 13. obiiciebatur. 869. a 11. <expan abbr="cõſentienter">conſentienter</expan>. </s> <s>b 9. cauſſa vel in ſpatij difformitate, vel in mou. </s> <s>c 6. accedit. <lb></lb></s> <s>870. f 15. conſtituitis? </s> <s>h 16. fit in ſom. 871. d 9. motum. 871. f 2. offeret. 873. d 12. Tertium. 874. h 8. ſanè videtur. 875. <lb></lb>a 4. diuerſa. </s> <s>d 16. punctus. 876. h 4. neſcitur. 877. b 4. Quanuis autem hic. </s> <s>c 3. duplicetur. </s> <s>c 13. in tit. </s> <s>tempori. 878. e 13. <lb></lb>qualitates. 879. b 12. eſſentiæ. 881. c 4. videntur. 13. ſegregatus. 882. e 3. accommodare. 7. tempori obn. 884. f 13. mo<lb></lb>tus. </s> <s>h 10. moueatur. 885. b 9. perfectioris. 888. c 8. cur item. </s> <s>h 12. decas. 889. c 16. natura. </s> <s>d 10. eſt ab Ariſt. 891. a 1. ha<lb></lb>bebant. </s> <s>b 6. poſsis. </s> <s>c 7. myſticè.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>EX LIBRO DECIMO.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>892. F 5. hinc. </s> <s>g 12. inſpectione. 894. e 3. dominante ſic. 16. abeat oppugnare. </s> <s>f 16. pullulant. </s> <s>g 7. poteſt. </s> <s>vt <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in marg. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſecundo de cœlo. </s> <s>T. 44. 12. annis. 896. e 14. quae aſsid. </s> <s>g 4. liber. 5. ſimplicem. 897. a 5. vt phyſ. 6. quid tantum. </s> <s>d 5. luceant. <lb></lb></s> <s>899. a 11. poteſtas. </s> <s>b 2. manant. </s> <s>c 6. vt primum. </s> <s>d 2. a materia. 900. e 1. quae quorum. 902. e 9. exacta. </s> <s>h 14. intelligantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>903. d 11. ducitur. 904. e 1. ipſe vnum. 11. <expan abbr="Paulonẽ">Paulonem</expan>. </s> <s>f 14. Hic tibi. 905. a 1. ignoratur. </s> <s>c 13. quidam perfectiores. 906. e 4. <lb></lb>demonſtrant. 7. eſt g 7. <expan abbr="illiq́">illique</expan>. 907. a 3. alteram qua. 12. ſit eius. </s> <s>c 11. ac real. 988. e 13. ad actum à poteſtate. 15. Ægidio. <lb></lb></s> <s>g 13. neceſſariò. 909. a 10. ex ſubiecto. </s> <s>d 13. modum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> Perip. 910. f 10. ipſe tibi. </s> <s>h 4. &. 911. a 16. generatione g 4. <lb></lb>ſit quan. 916. e 12. potiendam. 15. Lycęi. </s> <s>f 7. ſuff. </s> <s>g 11. at. 917. a 8. comparari. 918. f 16. At id. 920. f 7. poſſe. </s> <s>h 6. ſic. 921. <lb></lb>a 9. perpetuus. 13. materiæ. 922. f 2. hic eſt. </s> <s>h 10. intelligetur. 924. f 11. hyppopotamum & ſic <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> 13. multa. </s> <s>g 2. ſuppe<lb></lb>ditant. 927 a 14. Indicabat. </s> <s>b 5. falſa. </s> <s>d 1. exceſsiſſet. 928. e 11. nummus. </s> <s>f 4. nummus vnus nummus ad decem multò. 929. <lb></lb>a 2. ſuperiore. </s> <s>b 3. voco. 14. ſupremus. </s> <s>c 9. primum. </s> <s>d 11. ſiquis eius. 933. b 5. duab. 935. d 4. motas diſ. 936. e 4. optimæ <lb></lb>affe. </s> <s>g 11. labores. 13. <foreign lang="grc">φρουπητικας</foreign>. 397. a 3. <foreign lang="grc">πυρηχοον</foreign>. 938. e 1. Græcis ſi. 14. quam. 15. vna omnis. </s> <s>f 2. beatitatis'ue. </s> <s>h 12. <lb></lb>at mob. 939. a 15. motum eſſe. <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργ</foreign>. </s> <s>b 9. non habeant ſociam. </s> <s>non poſſunt. 10. oporteat. </s> <s>c 2. vniuſmodi. 941. c 13. ſimilis. <lb></lb></s> <s>942. f 13. ſimile. 15. vbi. </s> <s>h 13. quartum. 943. c 6. ſic &. 945. c 11. naturam. 946. c 5. effecta. </s> <s>f 10. quia ſola. </s> <s>g 4. nos con<lb></lb>turb. 5. ex his verò. 947. a 15. vt etiam. </s> <s>b 4. <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>c 5. diſtinguat pręſentes. 948. c 2. verò. </s> <s>f 12. efficacitas. </s> <s>g 9. reſpi<lb></lb>ciat. 949. a 15. illę. </s> <s>fit. 950. f 7. cum valeat. </s> <s>g 14. Lycęo. 951. a 1. verò b 7. calida. 15. quod mouetur. 952. e 9. poſſet <expan abbr="cõtr">contra</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>15. diuiduum. </s> <s>f 2. vt efficiens, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vt finis. 8. concludit. 953. b 2. vim 8. ſi hęc. </s> <s>d 7. vt aliud. 954. f 10. quem cum. </s> <s>h 2. <lb></lb>memento. 955. b8. fuit. 8. Phyſ. c 10. probet d 16. verſaretur. 956. e 1 debeat. 14. opponit. </s> <s>f 15. eſſentia. </s> <s>g 11 eas ſtr. <lb></lb></s> <s>h 3. naturæ indicari. 958. g 13. eos 14. Ethici. 16. animalis. 959 b 1. vnum quod eſt 5. differentem c 15. cogitat. </s> <s>d 5. con<lb></lb>coepit. 960. g 15. animæ actum. 961. c 1. Deus. 962. c 5. ſint. </s> <s>g 9. ipſis Deo. </s> <s>h 11. Sic ergo. 964. f 3. ædificator 967. b 8. <lb></lb>natura quicquid. 968. e 1. etenim cauſſa. 972. e 10. <expan abbr="maleficũ">maleficum</expan>. </s> <s>g 8. pertineret. </s> <s>h 17. coleret. 973. a 3. petens. </s> <s>d 12 cumula<lb></lb>tiſsimè. 974 e 1 <expan abbr="iuſtã">iuſtam</expan> quic. 976. h 2 nos eſſe. 981. b 16. princeps. </s> <s>c 2. in vno. 982. e 10. diſſoluitur in mat. 985. a 6. <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> <lb></lb>ineſt. 988. c 9. & in intell. 989. a 9. producuntur. 11. æterna 14. niſi forma. </s> <s>d 10. idearum vſus. 13. illa etiam. 14. ex eo cauſ<lb></lb>ſam. 990. f 12. abſtrahant. </s> <s>h 2. <expan abbr="cõmunicat">communicat</expan>. 991. c 1. fit alia. 4. fota. 992 e 16. operationem. 993. b 2. cum ſit. </s> <s>c. in tit. </s> <s><expan abbr="quodq́">quodque</expan>. <pb></pb>994. e 6. fit capax. 9. voluptatem. </s> <s>f 13. pręſtitura. 995. a 10. cauſſa qua quom. 996. f 16. promouet. 997. d 7. ille <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>. 998.h 17. <lb></lb>Pherecyden puto. 999. b 9. <expan abbr="cõmunicatricem">communicatricem</expan>. </s> <s>d 2. <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> partie. 1000. 25. pręſtare non poſſ. 9. bonæ val. d 2. Pammonem. 1003. <lb></lb>a 13. <foreign lang="grc">παρυπόστασιν παρατροπὲν</foreign>. </s> <s>b 13. <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> his 14. in eo. </s> <s>d 13. habeant'ne. 1004. g 1. à primis. 12. motus aùt. 1005. b 8. ade<lb></lb>ptum. 1006. e 10. officia. 14. Cholcodea. 1007. a 10. functionum. </s> <s>b 3. 4. fin vt de cauſſa proxima, & efficiente 1008. e 10. <lb></lb>materia. 12. apparabit. 1009. b 10. motionis. </s> <s>c 4. dirigantur. 5. limitantur. </s> <s>d 7. Hydaſpes. 14. cultam. </s> <s>adoration. 1010. g <lb></lb>13. ſalus. 1011. moueb. </s> <s>d 5. anguſtiſsima. 11. tibi ipſi charis.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Gręca, ne lectores erratorum multitudine terrerent, humanitati <expan abbr="diligentiæq́">diligentiæque</expan>. </s> <s>eorum <lb></lb>commendantur.</s></p> <figure></figure> <pb pagenum="1"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI <lb></lb>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV LIBER PRIMVS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MVNERE PHILOSOPHI NATVRALIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>Proœmium.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOTVS initia <expan abbr="cauſſaq́">cauſſaque</expan>. </s> <s>venari proximè operoſum eſſe atque diffi<lb></lb>cile, & multa de ipſo volumina à Peripateticorum principe edita <lb></lb>reſtantur, & labores ſummi, quos vniuerſa philoſophorum ſcho<lb></lb>la in eius <expan abbr="explicationẽ">explicationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõtuliſſe">contuliſſe</expan> perſpicitur. </s> <s>Nam ſiue copia theo<lb></lb>rematum ſpectetur, ſiue ſubtilitas & obſcuritas: hæc omnia planè <lb></lb>in motus eſſentia veſtiganda nobis ſeſe obiiciunt: etenim perſiſtit <lb></lb>parum motus; nec eius aliud quicquam, niſi pars aliqua, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <arrow.to.target n="marg1"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> lubrica, <expan abbr="nilq́">nilque</expan>. </s> <s>ſtabilis obtinens, quin potius indiuiduus qui<lb></lb>dam finis eius tantummodò extat; vt facillimè elabatur: tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quae multa complectitur, quæ naturis inter ſe diſcreta tantam <expan abbr="caligi-nẽ">caligi<lb></lb>nem</expan> <expan abbr="offundũt">offundunt</expan>, vt inter philoſophos admodùm procliue ſit variari. <lb></lb></s> <s>Augebat quoque difficultatem, quia plurima flagitaret, vt conſtitui poſſet. </s> <s>Nullum enim cauſ<lb></lb>ſę genus exiſtit, ex quo non pendeat motus: tempus item <expan abbr="locumq́">locumque</expan>. </s> <s>reſpicit. </s> <s>ſingula verò com<lb></lb>plura nobis ſuppeditant quidem, quæ dicamus; ſed ea certè plena ſalebrarum & dubitationis; <lb></lb>verùm quæ præclaram philoſophandi occaſionem <expan abbr="præbeãt">præbeant</expan> ſtudioſis veritatis. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus <lb></lb>audaciæ fortaſſe nobis adſcribetur, qui <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> negocium pertentare voluimus, quàm deſiderio <lb></lb>veri pernoſcendi, <expan abbr="ſtudioq́">ſtudioque</expan>. </s> <s>cæteros iuuandi, qui nobiſcum in hanc <expan abbr="pulcherrimã">pulcherrimam</expan>, & <expan abbr="honeſtiſsimã">honeſtiſsimam</expan> <lb></lb>ſpeculationis <expan abbr="arenã">arenam</expan> deſcenderunt; quæ ſemper apud nos potuere plurimum, & ad ſeſe <expan abbr="trahẽtia">trahentia</expan> <lb></lb>miris modis, à multis vitæ <expan abbr="cõmodis">commodis</expan> auerterunt, <expan abbr="exiſtimãtes">exiſtimantes</expan> ei, qui ſe ad <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan> contulerit; <lb></lb>cuius multò maxima pars eſt quæ de motu ampliſsima præmia proponi, <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, quæ <lb></lb>ſola bene <expan abbr="inſtitutã">inſtitutam</expan> mentem paſcit, & fouet, & alioqui fluctuantem ſedat, & multò plus denique <lb></lb>delectat, quàm laboris <expan abbr="immẽſitas">immenſitas</expan> & anxietas curæ deterreat, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>tum ſeipſam ſuperat, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>verſatur in rebus honeſtiſsimis, in quibus optimo iure contemplatio motus numerari poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>His adde quàm ſit eius animaduerſio neceſſaria, cùm planè informet <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> naturalem, quæ <lb></lb>ſibi propoſuit ad explicandum illud <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> genus, in quo fons ineſt & origo motus; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>latiſsimè patet, atque adeò, vt niſi aciem mentis acerrimè intendas, ſolum tibi, inter ea quæ ſunt, <lb></lb>occurrat, <expan abbr="facileq́">facileque</expan>., niſi diuinitus affleris; nihil aliud eſſe opineris, quàm naturam: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>certam <lb></lb>materiæ ſubiectæ rationem in methodo illa ponit: ex quo efficitur, vt cuncta in ſcientia natura<lb></lb>li ad eius ſtateram reuocari oporteat. </s> <s>Hæc quidem per <expan abbr="oīa">omnia</expan> pertinet, quæ ſenſui ſubiiciuntur, & <lb></lb>ad omne genus vſus ab homine accomodatur, & quaſi officina <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> eſt, & inſtrumentum, vn<lb></lb>de ſupellex diuinæ contemplationis expromatur. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="pleraq.">pleraque</expan> pars humanę contemplatio<lb></lb>nis in tractatione motus impenditur. </s> <s>Operęprecium ergo facturum eum confido, qui toto pe<lb></lb>ctore negocium de motu ſuſcipiat, in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>explicando ſuam operam collocet. </s> <s>Magna enim prin<lb></lb>cipij vis eſt, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel à viris ſapientiſsimis dimidium totius habeatur, imò ipſum ſolidum to<lb></lb>tum prædicetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cum in omnib. reb. agendis, tum maximè in philoſophando <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s>veri<lb></lb>tate veſtiganda, rationem <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> habere oportet: <expan abbr="ſeduloq́">ſeduloque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="aduertẽdum">aduertendum</expan>, quæ'nam & cuiuſ<lb></lb>modi principia <expan abbr="ſtatuãtur">ſtatuantur</expan>: ſiquidem fundamenti locum occupent in omnibus methodis. </s> <s>Sicut <pb pagenum="2"></pb>ergo fundamentis rectè conſtitutis, reliqua omnia quæ ſuperſtruuntur, firma permanere & per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target>petuò durare poſſunt: ſi minus; quicquid adiicitur breui corruat neceſſe eſt: ſic de ſcientię prin<lb></lb>cipiis, & fundamentis cogitare oportet. </s> <s>Exigua ſanè principia ſunt; at verò maximè pollent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt, quemadmodum in itinere faciendo paruus error ab initio maximus euadit <lb></lb>in extremo: ſic principiis in methodo malè fundatis, demum longiſsimè aberremus à vero. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnico enim dato abſurdo plurima ſuccedunt. </s> <s>atque, vt monet Plato, velut in deſcribendis figu<lb></lb>ris mathematicis, ſi exiguum quoddam primum ignotum <expan abbr="falſumq́">falſumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, reliqua deinceps multa <lb></lb>conſentiunt. </s> <s>Neque verò ſecus de principiorum conſtitutione iudicando eſt quàm de conſiliis <lb></lb>noſtris euidiſsimus ille poëta cenſuerit, ita ſcribens.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Siquam rem accures ſobriè & frugaliter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Solet illa rectè ſub manus ſuccedere<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Atque ædepol fermè vt quiſque rem accurat ſuam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sic ei procedit poſt principia. </s> <s>Denique ſi malus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aut nequam eſt, malè res vertunt quas agit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sin autem frugi eſt, eueniunt frugaliter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Idcirco multùm principiis inſiſtendum, <expan abbr="diligentiſsimeq́">diligentiſsimeque</expan>. </s> <s>conſiderandum vtrum rectè nec'ne <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>decernantur. </s> <s>his verò probè examinatis & quaſi fundamentis benè iactis cætera cum ipſis con<lb></lb>gruenter ſubiicere ſuccedet. </s> <s>Noſtrum igitur inſtitutum eſt nunc naturam motus accuratè per<lb></lb>quirere & quaſi in vnum breue corpus omnia cogere, quę paſsim ex communi ſenſu doctorum <lb></lb>diſcuſſa & à philoſophis acerrimè <expan abbr="varieq́">varieque</expan>. </s> <s>diſputata ſunt; <expan abbr="animiq́">animique</expan>. </s> <s>noſtri ſententias de re obſcu<lb></lb>riſsima pronunciare, <expan abbr="iudiciumq́">iudiciumque</expan>. </s> <s>noſtrum dimiſſo omni partium ſtudio liberè, at non licenter <lb></lb>interponere; quibus etiam non pauca de noſtro contexuimus; nimis fortaſſe confidenter eorum <lb></lb>iudicio, qui maximè tribuunt (vt certè <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> eſt) auctoritati maiorum; verùm ſi ſine animo iu<lb></lb>dicare velint, & in intima noſtra pręcordia penetrarint, vt proficiamus nos, & aliis prodeſſe poſ<lb></lb>ſimus, neque pœnas huius audaciæ declinemus, dum noſtrorum dictorum reddere rationem, <lb></lb>& meliora dicentibus auſcultare parati ſumus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſi pro viribus non omnium auctoritate <expan abbr="cõ-tempta">con<lb></lb>tempta</expan> profiteamur, ſed ad iudicia peritiorum exploremus illa, quæ aut oſcitante negligentia, <lb></lb>aut iniquitate factionum, aut etiam iniuria temporum à pura illa peripatetica diſciplina, anti<lb></lb>qua illa quidem, non tamen eiuſmodi, quæ debuerit, vt iam cœpit, antiquari, tam longo tempo<lb></lb>ris ætatum <expan abbr="regionumq́">regionumque</expan>. </s> <s>tractu lapſa fuerant: quibus item acceſsit acre <expan abbr="ſtudiũ">ſtudium</expan> <expan abbr="cõcertationis">concertationis</expan>, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> propemodum inſitum eſt, atque innatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> exardet facillimè, & animis noſtris in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hęret tenaciſsimè; neque minus diſtrahit in diuerſas opiniones, quàm <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> noſtrum cupidi<lb></lb>tas ad varia ſtudia proſequenda <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> leui de cauſſa, quotidie nos incitet & impellat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> abhorret ab hac peſte conſuetudo: permagni enim refert, quibus opinionibus <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> <lb></lb>ab initiis ſtudiorum ſit imbutus: etenim quemadmodum celeriter arripiuntur; ita diutius re<lb></lb>tinentur, & à teneris annis amplexa vehementius amantur. </s> <s>ac veluti lanarum colores, quibus <lb></lb>ſimplex ille candor mutatus eſt, elui nequeunt; ſic ea quæ rudes animi perceperunt non ſine <lb></lb>ſummo labore excutiuntur, quo fit etiam, vt cætera lentè <expan abbr="faſtidioſeq́">faſtidioſeque</expan>. </s> <s>probentur; ne dixerim, <lb></lb>funditus repudientur & reſpuantur. </s> <s>Quamobrem ferunt Theodorum tragœdum nobiliſsimum <lb></lb>nulli concedere conſueſſe, vt ante ſe prodiret in ſcenam, quia nimirùm primis auditionibus ſpe<lb></lb>ctatorum animi nimium conciliarentur. </s> <s>Nos, quoad potuimus, Ariſtotelis vnius veſtigiis in<lb></lb>hęſimus, & ex interpretum ſententiis illas ſecreuimus quas ab ipſo Ariſtotele proficiſci, ſi non <lb></lb>perſpicuum ſit; at nos ita eſſe perſuadere conati ſumus; vt neque etiam nos induſtria noſtra <lb></lb>minus confiſi quàm approbatiſsimorum hominum auctoritatem ſecuti fuiſſe, nec ab eorum <lb></lb>ſententia, niſi coacti diſceſsiſſe iure optimo videri debeamus. </s> <s>Quæcunque tamen ea ſint, quæ <lb></lb>conſcripſimus, non ſine pertinaci labore confecta ſunt. </s> <s>Sæpius enim <expan abbr="ſæpiuſq́">ſæpiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>hæc animaduerte<lb></lb>re oportebat: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt poëta ille monet (vtar hîc ego auctoritate <expan abbr="verbiſq́">verbiſque</expan>. </s> <s>Platonis) ante <expan abbr="retroq́">retroque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſpicere, ne fortè deciperemur à nobis ipſis: quaquidem fraude nulla magis eſt capitalis: <lb></lb>quandò nunquam ſeductor abeſt, nec vllo tempore à decepti latere diuellitur: <expan abbr="reſq́">reſque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſa ſeſe <lb></lb>abdidit in profundum. </s> <s>ſi quidem ea ſit conditio principiorum, vt Tantum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sint infra nostros ſenſus, <expan abbr="tantoq́">tantoque</expan>. </s> <s>minora<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quàm quæ primùm oculi cœptant non poſſe tueri<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quo circa neque mirùm eſſe debet, ſi res aut minus iucunda, aut etiam grauior, <expan abbr="difficiliorq́">difficiliorque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>videatur, eſt enim methodi noſtræ ianua triſtiſsima: verùm ſi prima tempora toleraueris (qui <lb></lb>vnus eſt labor) non dubito, quin mirifica voluptate complearis. </s> <s><expan abbr="tibiq́">tibique</expan>. </s> <s>memineris, in capeſſendis <lb></lb>phyſicę principiis ita faciendum eſſe, velut iis, quos vexat febris, aut quorum pars aliqua com<lb></lb>putruit, vt enim valeant, amariſsimos ſuccos bibere coguntur, cibis parcere, aridum quoque ne <lb></lb>colluant os frigida cauere; aut, quod grauius eſt, ferrum <expan abbr="igneſq́">igneſque</expan>. </s> <s>pati: ſic tibi, vt animo valeas, <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ferre audendum eſt; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, quo pretium maius eſt animæ quam corpori, cuius morbus <lb></lb>eſt inſcitia, ſalus autem diſciplina. </s> <s>En igitur naturæ primordia patefacta, quorum explicatione <pb pagenum="3"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vtêre, ſi voles: tu autem velle debebis, quòd res difficiles & tanti ponderis in vniuerſa contem<lb></lb>platione nunquam tractantur ſatis. </s> <s>Occaſio vero ſcribendi voluminis ab ea controuerſia ſum<lb></lb>pta eſt, quę in Academia Piſana inter noſtros <expan abbr="collegarumq́">collegarumque</expan>. </s> <s>auditores exorta eſt de motu elemen<lb></lb>torum. </s> <s>Sed cùm multa quæſtio requireret, quæ de motu & natura generatim dicenda eſſent, <lb></lb>primo conſilio ſecundum ſucceſsit, vt de motu diſceptaremus vniuersè <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> cauſas omnes, & <lb></lb>communiter & ſpeciatim perquireremus, ac ſingulas partes & membra intueremur, cuncta faci<lb></lb>lius percipi poſſe ſperantes, ſi tota quæſtio ſcribendo explicaretur. </s> <s>Sed ne nimium longa ſu<lb></lb>matur oratio, de re ipſa iam dicere incipiamus. </s> <s>Cœptis noſtris Deus aſpiret, vt quod illo au<lb></lb>tore velle cœpimus, eodem etiam adiutore conſequamur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Generalia quædam capita tractantur de principiis ſcientię naturalis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OPTIME verò factum eſſe arbitror, ſi in hac methodo bonos imitati mathematicos, aliqua <lb></lb>veluti fundamenta iaciamus, ſuper <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="ædificiũ">ædificium</expan> hoc, quod tanto conatu <expan abbr="ſtudioq́">ſtudioque</expan>; moli<lb></lb>mur, extrui valeat. </s> <s>erunt verò hæc principia ſiue hypotheſes, quibus phyſici ſine demonſtratione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>frequentius vtuntur, vt enim docet Proclus principia ſecundum naturam ſunt in rebus quidem <lb></lb>cauſſa, vt finis; in definitionibus diſtinctio; in demonſtrationibus & ſcientiis hypotheſes, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ ta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>metſi ab Ariſtotele prætermiſſa nouimus, vt pote perſpicua, & ſiquando opus fuerit ex analyti<lb></lb>co præcepto vſurpata: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nihilominus prælibanda fuerunt propter illos, qui in hypotheſibus phy<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſicis imprudenter etiam numerant aliquot concluſiones & ſuis locis ab Ariſtotele demonſtratas, <lb></lb>aut multas item prætereunt, quæ paſsim ab Ariſtotele ipſo, aut ſine admonitione accipiuntur, <lb></lb>aut declarantur ſolùm; & nulla vi ſyllogiſtica allata perſuadentur. </s> <s>Neque tamen exiſtimes ve<lb></lb>lim, me huc omnia congeſsiſſe, quæ à philoſopho naturali ſine demonſtratione ſumuntur & ſo<lb></lb>lo ſenſus auxilio noteſcunt, nimis enim putidum atque importunum fuiſſet ſingula recenſere; <lb></lb>ſed ea quæ perpetuò ſic ſe habent, & ad capeſſenda proxima demonſtrationum principia con<lb></lb>ferunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="vtq́ue">vtque</expan> alienis verbis vtar, inducunt ad primæ certitudinis ordinem, cuiuſmodi non ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illa quòd homo ſedeat, aut tunica ſit alba: nihil enim hæc faciunt ad ſcientias, quanuis certiſsi<lb></lb>ma ſint, atque ex iis illa enarrare quæ crebrius occurrunt & ſunt veluti radices, vnde tanquam <lb></lb>ſoboles, complures aliæ pululent. </s> <s>Neque id obſtabit, quominus in numero hypotheſeon & <lb></lb>principiorum, quæ demonſtrari non poſsint, aliqua reponantur, de quibus multa diſputari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſolent, & plura verba vltrò <expan abbr="citroq́">citroque</expan>; haberi. </s> <s>nobis enim ſatis illud erit, ſi ita eſſe crediderint, qui <lb></lb>talia pronunciata oppugnant, licet voce aliter autument, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & locis probabilibus, ſeu potius ſo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>phiſticis rem conficiant, nam parum à nob. </s> <s>hoc loco curabuntur: etenim verum cum vero per<lb></lb>petuò congruit: falſum non modo à vero, ſed à ſeipſo perſępe diſſentit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quanquam ſæpe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>euenit, vt quædam conſpicua ſint, ſi prima fronte ſpectentur; veruntamen intus latebrę con<lb></lb>duntur: hæ niſi introſpiciantur, rei veritatem conturbare poſſunt: vt illa omnia ferè, quæ pri<lb></lb>mo Phyſ. ab Ariſtotele commemorantur, & in confuſa referuntur, etenim liquet omne id <lb></lb>quod fit, ex contrario fieri, ſiquis autem opponat materiam veluti non contrarium, ex qua <lb></lb>fiat id quod fit, verè opponet & perſuadebit non omne id quod fit, ex contrario conſtitui, ſic <lb></lb>principium notiſsimum concutere videbitur. </s> <s>Verùm nos hîc corticem duntaxat attingemus <lb></lb>poſthàc peragraturi receſſus; iis poſitis quę quiſque vir ſani iudicij & in rerum naturalium con<lb></lb>templatione verſatus, nec aliena conſuetus audire, <expan abbr="ſimulq́">ſimulque</expan>. </s> <s>analyticę non ignarus facillimè da<lb></lb>bit. </s> <s>probè ſcientes eum, qui mentis imbecillitate laborat, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> parùm expertus, <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut ab alia conſuetu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dine deflexus eſt, & analytica negligens <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ea frequenter approbare, quæ phyſicus ſaluo ſuo iure <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non admitteret, & illorum demonſtrationes quærere, quæ per ſe ipſa conſpicua ſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>i<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut contrà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res obſcuras accipere pro notiſsimis. </s> <s>Tamei igitur auditori principia proponimus, qui futurus ſit <lb></lb>phyſicus, nec aliarum ſcientiarum merita occupare decreuerit; niſi quantum hęc velut à ſuperio<lb></lb>re quem ſubalternantem vocant, offerentur, aut etiam velut à miniſtro Architectori, quem pri<lb></lb>mum philoſophum, aut Theologum volumus eſſe, ſuppeditabuntur. </s> <s>Quę pluribus modis pri<lb></lb>mùm diſtribuentur, vt in ſuas claſſes ſine vllo negocio redigi poſsint, deinde in vſum quotidia<lb></lb>num tanquam ex certo penu depromi. </s> <s>Ea verò nos in duo generalia capita partimur. </s> <s>ſunt enim <lb></lb>principia cognitionis ſolum, vel principia cognitionis & rei ſimul; ſiue complexa ſint, ſiue incom<lb></lb>plexa, nihil refert, neque enim ita difficiles, aut moroſi ſumus, vt ex huiuſmodi principiorum <lb></lb>ordine incomplexa expungamus; qui nouerimus Ariſtotelem ea pronunciare motione ignorata, <lb></lb>latere <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quid ſit natura. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>k<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſt igitur motio, vt patet, principium cognitionis, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>vt incom<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plexum, neque enim quæritur, an hoc vel illud moueatur; ſed motio quid ſit, nec quenquam fu<lb></lb>giat eſſe aliquod principium, quo termini cognoſcuntur, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſtruitur demonſtratio, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>ex principiis cognitionis, <emph type="sup"></emph>l<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> damus planè principia proxima <expan abbr="demonſtrationũ">demonſtrationum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõplexa">complexa</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>m<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita ab Ariſtotele principium primum demonſtrationis in ſuas partes fuiſſe diſtributum: at, quin <pb pagenum="4"></pb>incomplexa ſint principia, ſaltem remota demonſtrationis & cognitionis aſſerere, mea quidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſententia, non licet, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & duo prima illorum genera facimus. </s> <s>cognitionis inquàm & cognitionis & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe ſimul ea quæ ſint principia ſolius eſſe, nulla ſtatuimus, quod quidam aiunt: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quippe qui le<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gerimus apud Ariſtotelem, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tum denique id concretum eſt ex aliquibus rebus cognoſci, cum ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quib. & quot conſtet, teneatur. </s> <s>Igitur omnia è quibus aliquid conſtat, ſunt principia cognitio<lb></lb>nis eius, nam quanuis ex illo ordine videatur eſſe materia, poſtea docebimus, etiam materiam, <lb></lb>vbi fiat intelligenda, principium cognitionis euadere. </s> <s>Principia verò cognitionis tantum illa <lb></lb>ſunt, quæ nob. </s> <s>nota ab Ariſtotele ponuntur; ſiue ea ſint effectus proprij & per ſe, è quibus vt an<lb></lb>tecedentibus demonſtratio ſtruitur à ſigno, & quorum facto quodam gyro mentis, quem regreſ<lb></lb>ſum, ſeu circulum dicunt; intelligitur cauſſa ope demonſtrationis ipſius propter quid eſt. </s> <s>Sine <lb></lb>etiam ſint alia adiacentia & comitantia rei. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Siquidem nil vertet, opinor, ea quæ ſunt nota nobis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>promiſcuè & <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ab omnibus ſcientiis vſurpari, veluti de motu dictum eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quarum om<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nium proprius non poteſt eſſe motus, cùm toto genere diſtinguantur, veluti naturalis & mathe<lb></lb>matica. </s> <s>demonſtrationes autem ipſius quod eſt aut eiuſdem ſint ſcientiæ, quę docet cauſſam, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vbi vna ad alteram ſe habeat, vt inferior ad ſuperiorem. </s> <s>Quapropter hoc principiorum genus <lb></lb>ab altero ſeparatur, quia non obtinet vim cauſſæ. </s> <s>Secundum genus principiorum omne genus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſæ complectitur: quandò omnes cauſſę generatim in demonſtrationibus aſſumi queunt, ſed <lb></lb>præcipuè pertinet ad interna principia quæ ſunt materies & forma: quod tibi qui iam analytica <lb></lb>tractaſti pluribus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exponam, <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec in eo morabor quòd principia cognitionis virtute ſolum in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>demonſtratione contineantur, principia verò rei comprehendantur actu; largior ero in aſſumen<lb></lb>dis principiis cognitionis, & ſi quando opus fuerit, vt in demonſtratione quòd eſt, etiam nota no<lb></lb>bis vſurpabo. </s> <s>Quæcunque tamen principia ſint, idcirco principia ſunt, quia non requiritur <expan abbr="eo-rũ">eo<lb></lb>rum</expan> demonſtratio ſimpliciter in ea methodo, in qua ponuntur: licet in alia quandoque <expan abbr="demõſtra-ri">demonſtra<lb></lb>ri</expan> queant, vt ſi principia fuerint methodi ſubalternę: nil enim prohibet, quo minus habeant cauſ<lb></lb>ſas ſuperiores, per quas oſtendantur. </s> <s>Verùm in ea methodo, cuius principia ſunt, vt aliis modis <lb></lb>manifeſta ſumuntur. </s> <s>Modi verò multi ſunt, ac ſi generales omnium modos recenſere libeat, <lb></lb>quibus principia tùm in philoſophia contemplante, tùm in agente, ac demum in ſcientiis, & arti<lb></lb>bus <expan abbr="percipiũtur">percipiuntur</expan> & <expan abbr="cognoſcũtur">cognoſcuntur</expan> ex Ariſtotele recenſebo & explicabo, <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aliquot alij ſanè indican<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur; ſed nihil de illis ſpeciatim dicitur. </s> <s>Vnus eſt qui ſolum reſpicit eam philoſophiæ partem, <lb></lb>quæ poſita eſt in agendo, eſt verò per conſuetudinem: quando nimirum bene maléue agendo ſic <lb></lb>aut aliter aſſueuimus, & ex actionis illius frequentia contrahimus habitum, quo ſic aut aliter iu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicare cogimur, vt qui furando ſæpius euaſit in furem, furtum iudicat bonum, & hoc illi veluti <lb></lb>principium eſt conſuetudine partum furtum eſſe bonum. </s> <s>Reliqui modi in omne methodorum <lb></lb>genus conuenire poſſunt vt inductio, qua plurium ſingularium ſimilitudo colligitur, <expan abbr="conſimi-liq.">conſimi<lb></lb>lique</expan> modo ſenſus. </s> <s>Nanque inductione percipimus, ſi ab æquis æqua demantur, æqua eſſe quæ <lb></lb>ſuperſunt, ſenſu cognoſcimus aquam eſſe frigidam, & primas primorum corporum qualitates. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aliis quoque modis principia noſcuntur quos Ariſtoteles non exprimit. </s> <s>Sed optimè Auerroes, <lb></lb>optimè item Euſtratius enuclearunt. </s> <s>Auerroes inquiens ſignificari vias illas, quæ nullam vim af<lb></lb>ferunt menti, vt diuiſionem, id quod etiam docuit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>i<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm teſtatus eſt ea, quæ ſunt no<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ta natura, nobis autem ignota, fieri nobis perſpicua diuidendo & reſoluendo illa quæ nobis per<lb></lb>ſpicua ſunt. </s> <s>Additur item ſyllogiſmus quem vocant hypotheticum per naturam, in quo nulla <lb></lb>extat vis dicti de omni, aut nullo, ſed neceſsitas ſola conſecutionis, tùm quoque exemplum. <lb></lb></s> <s>præterea ſi vera de vſu dialecticę prædicat Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>k<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad idem valebunt arma dialectica. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præter cętera multum confert dialectica ad inuentionem principiorum, quę ſcientię ſibi ſumunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Valet item ad hoc definitio principiorum, vt frigoris & caloris: quod item Socrates approbauit <lb></lb>in principiis exquirendis, imò excogitauit. </s> <s>Nam duo ſunt quæ Socrati iure proprio tribui poſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>l<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inductiue orationes, & definitionum vſus generatim. </s> <s>vtraque autem ad ſcientiæ principia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conferunt. </s> <s>Magna etiam vis eſt experientiæ quæ naſcitur ex memoria rerum quas ſenſus ſemel <lb></lb>atque iterum ſuppeditat: nanque ex repetita ſenſione memoria propagatur: multæ verò eiuſ<lb></lb>dem rei memorię <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> vnius experientiæ faciunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>m<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex experimentis verò primorum prin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipiorum cognitio gignitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> generatim id ab Ariſtotele pronunciatum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>n<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Principia quæ ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cũdum">cundum</expan> vnum quodque ſunt, experimenti eſſe tradere: <emph type="sup"></emph>o<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt puta, aſtrologicę diſciplinę principia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex aſtrologica experientia colliguntur: nanque obſeruatis apparentibus quantum ſatis eſt, inuen<lb></lb>tę ſunt aſtrologicę demonſtrationes <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo principia ſe habent in alia <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> ſcien<lb></lb>tia vel arte. </s> <s>Itaque experimentum ea ſubminiſtrat, quę verè inſunt in rebus quorum ſi nihil <lb></lb>omiſſum fuerit, in promptu erit illa demonſtrare, quę demonſtrationem recipiunt, cuius verò <lb></lb>non eſt demonſtratio ſuapte natura, cuiuſmodi ſunt principia quæ nos hoc ipſo tempore tracta<lb></lb>mus, ea manifeſta facere. </s> <s>Quamobrem monente Ariſtotele plurimum poteſt in ſcientiæ prin<lb></lb>cipiis ſtatuendis experientia. </s> <s>Quo miror magis hoc caput ab Auerroe prætermiſſum. </s> <s>Niſi cum <pb pagenum="5"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eius aſſeclis defendamus experientiam cum conſuetudine fuiſſe numeratam, quaſi idem ſint, aut <lb></lb>conſuetudinem experientia conſequatur, quippe quòd omnis conſuetudo poſtulet <expan abbr="experiẽtiam">experientiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atqui mihi magis iudicium Euſtratij probatur aliud facientis experientiam à conſuetudine: <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quoniam conſuetudo ex actione ſuboritur, experientia ex obſeruatione, & collatione plurium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſingularium conſimilium, vt quòd rhabarbarum purget flauam bilem, in hoc & illo ægroto ex<lb></lb>perimur; nec quicquam propterea conſueuimus. </s> <s>Quoniam verò dicere poſſes non omnem pla<lb></lb>nè ſed aliquam experientiam cum conſuetudine conuenire, oſtendam ego id eſſe ex euento & <lb></lb>fortuitò, non neceſſario & per ſe, quando multæ ſunt conſuetudines, quæ ſine vlla aduerſione, <lb></lb>ſenſu notitiaúe contrahuntur, veluti quòd ſibi quiſpiam vellicet barbam, aut curuus incedat, ſine <lb></lb>illis verò nulla experientia <expan abbr="cõſtare">conſtare</expan> poteſt, quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obſecrò experimenti facies, niſi aduerteris? </s> <s>quid <lb></lb>aduerteris, niſi noueris aut ſenſeris? </s> <s>Hæc quidem omnia, quæ nuper commemorauimus <expan abbr="princi-piorũ">princi<lb></lb>piorum</expan> <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> faciunt, offerentia terminos menti, quos ſimulac ipſa <expan abbr="contẽplata">contemplata</expan> fuerit, ita eſſe certiſ<lb></lb>ſimè cognoſcit & maximè credit, & ad eorum normam refert omnia, quæ conſequuntur. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>cum è principiis rerum nonnulla ſint euidentia, neque præmonſtratorem poſtulent, alia recon<lb></lb>dita ſint & ignota nobis ea quæ paulò ante recenſuimus, omne principiorum genus amplectun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, ſiue notum ſit nobis ſiue ignotum. </s> <s>Verumenimuero conſilium noſtrum eſt in naturalis ſcien<lb></lb>tiæ veſtibulo conſtituere illa quæ ſine acri ratione noteſcunt, & in notis nobis <expan abbr="collocãtur">collocantur</expan>, ſiue ſint <lb></lb>poſteriora, ſeu priora natura, quæ de domo quicunque afferre ſolet, aut paucis admonitus à præ<lb></lb>ceptore, admittere; quæ in ſenſu & experientia poni dicimus, & accipi ita eſſe ſolum, quia ſcili<lb></lb>cet nulla eorum cauſſa afferatur. </s> <s>Quocirca dictum quoque eſt ab Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd ita ſit, eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principium, non illud ſanè, quod legitur 2. Poſt. <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & eſt in numero quæſtionum, quod falsò non<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nulli Ethicorum interpretes opinantur; ſed id, quod numeratur in præcognitis. </s> <s>Etenim prin<lb></lb>cipia ſic prænoſcuntur, quòd ſunt. </s> <s>In phyſicis autem à ſenſu, & experientia trahunt originem, <lb></lb>his verò nititur inductio, quæ principiis proximè terminatur; vnde miniſterio facultatis ſentien<lb></lb>tis opera mentis ſuccedit. </s> <s>Hinc pendet vniuerſa fides, quę demonſtrationibus habetur, quia per <lb></lb>ſe credunt, atque ita, vt cæteris, quæ deducuntur ab ipſis, fidem communicent: neque enim cauſ<lb></lb>ſa vlla eſt, cur vera ſint: ſed quod ita principiorum termini ſe habent, vt aut indiſſolubili vincu<lb></lb>lo connectantur, aut quòd alter alterius rationem compleat. </s> <s>Ideo noſcimus & credimus, quia <lb></lb>nouit mens eorum terminos, <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> ſenſu indicante, atque ita certò vt de illorum connexione <lb></lb>non dubitet. </s> <s>Neque enim volumus eſſentialem illam connexionem quam aiunt imitatores <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Auerrois, in vno indiuiduo percipi, aut ab vna inductionis particula ſignificari, ſed inductione <lb></lb>iam abſoluta, vt conuenit, quæ illic terminatur, vnde non ſuccurrit aliquod indiuiduum aliter <lb></lb>ſe habens: <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> mentem protinus illam connexionem eſſentialem perſpicere: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem melius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>affecti ſumus ad principia, quàm ad ea, quæ per demonſtrationem concepimus. </s> <s>Sed enim, quia <lb></lb>primus eorum exortus eſt à ſenſu, ipſi verò præſentantur confuſæ quædam ſpecies, & inhęrentia <lb></lb>cum ſubiectis, quibus inhærent, vt riſus compos in ſubſtantia, & in linea punctum, atque in ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia ſenſili principium motas. </s> <s>Tum etiam, quòd tametſi incomplexa ſunt principia cogni<lb></lb>tionis, ſunt tamen remota: pronunciata verò & propoſitiones ſunt proxima principia cognitio<lb></lb>nis, & demonſtrationis; ex hoc efficitur, vt non incomplexa pro principiis ab Ariſtotele ſtatuan<lb></lb>tur; ſed ſub forma hypotheſeon, neque quòd ſint ſimpliciter, vt plurimum pronunciamus; ſed <lb></lb>vt inhærentia ſumimus, vbi eſſe adiacet, & prędicatur. </s> <s>Itaque non dicimus ſæpius eſſe motum, <lb></lb>ſeu multitudinem, neque item eſſe naturam; quoniam hæc ſine ſubſtantia ſenſili non exiſtunt, <lb></lb>ſed ita pronunciamus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Omnia aut quædam moueri: multa eſſe ea, quæ ſunt ſiue genere, ſeu ſpe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cie, aut numero, aliiſúe differentia modis. </s> <s>ſiquidem omnes has diſtinctiones ſenſus ipſe patefa<lb></lb>ciat <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> res ſenſiles initia motus in ſeipſis habere & cętera huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Atque hactenus de gene<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rali principiorum conſtitutione dictum ſit, ad ſpecialia deſcendamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target>a 2. in <lb></lb>Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target>c Abuma <lb></lb>zar.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target>d 4. Met. <lb></lb>T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target>e 1. Pri. </s> <s>ſeg. <lb></lb></s> <s>3. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Eth. c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target>f 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 22. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target>g 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 71. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. De ortu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target>h 2. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14. <lb></lb><lb></lb>7. Eth. c. <lb></lb>10. <lb></lb><lb></lb>De Mem. <lb></lb>cap. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target>i Met. T. <lb></lb>26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target>k Phyſ. T. <lb></lb>1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target>l 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target>m 1 Poſt. <lb></lb>Tt. 5. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target>a Zim. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tab. </s> <s>§ <lb></lb>principia <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſciẽtię">ſcientię</expan> na<lb></lb>turalis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target>b Iand. 1. <lb></lb>Phyſ. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 35.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target>d 10. <expan abbr="Grã-mat">Gran<lb></lb>mat</expan>. 1. Po<lb></lb>ſter. </s> <s>c. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target>e 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg29"></margin.target>f 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target>g 1. Ven.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target>h 1 Eth. <lb></lb>cap. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target>i 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target>k 1. Top. <lb></lb>cap. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target>l 8. Met. <lb></lb>cap. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target>m 2. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg39"></margin.target>n 1. Prin. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſeg. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target>o 1. Met. <lb></lb>ſum. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target>a 1. de ar<lb></lb>te dicendi <lb></lb>cap. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target>b 1. Eth. <lb></lb>cap. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg45"></margin.target>c T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg46"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg47"></margin.target>d 8. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg48"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 9. <lb></lb><lb></lb>8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target>f 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg50"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Distributio principiorum noſtrę methodi ponitur, & leuiter aliqua ad ipſa <lb></lb>pertinentia tanguntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVIA methodus omnis ex duabus partibus componitur modo ſciendi nimirùm & ſcien<lb></lb>tia. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Neceſſe enim eſt, in quaque methodo noſcere quatenus aliquid tractandum eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quibus viis atque rationibus confirmandum, & quo quidque loco diſponendum. </s> <s>Scientia rem <lb></lb>ipſam declarante & definiente, demonſtrante, & docente; etiam methodi principia ad hęc duo <lb></lb>capita commodè referri poterunt; erunt enim aliqua principia, quæ modum ſciendi ſpectabunt, <lb></lb>nonnulla quæ ſcientiam reſpicient. </s> <s>Verum ſicut in methodo ratio tractandi, ſeu modus ſciendi <lb></lb>ſcientiæ præponendus eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etenim abſonum eſt vnà ſcientiam <expan abbr="modumq́">modumque</expan>; ſciendi quærere: ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de principiis, quæ pertinent ad modum tractandi, priore loco verba faciemus. </s> <s>Atque ea qui<lb></lb>dem non pauca ſunt, horum primas ſibi vendicat, cum in omni contemplatione, tùm maximè in <pb pagenum="6"></pb>philoſophia naturali, quòd ab Ariſtotele crebrò pręceptum & celebratum eſt, ſtandum eſſe iu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicio ſenſus. </s> <s>Etenim etſi generale eſt in omni contemplatione ſenſus officium: quia nihil eſt in <lb></lb>phantaſia mentéue quod fores ſenſuum non pepulerit, ſiue ex toto, vt in vera phantaſia, ſiue ex <lb></lb>parte, vt in fictione chimęræ, ſiuè proximè & per ſe, vt plenum, ſiue per aliud, vt inane, ac <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <lb></lb>rei ſenſu deficiente, eiuſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in ſcientia deficies, nec niſi de nomine diſputatio fieri poſsit. <lb></lb></s> <s>At hoc in phyſiologia potiſsimè requiritur. </s> <s>Nam ſi philoſophus naturalis in rerum ſenſilium con<lb></lb>templatione verſatur, earum verò nullus melior iudex eſſe poteſt quàm ſenſus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> profectò maxi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mum ſenſus habebit in hac philoſophia momentum, vſque adeò, vt qui rerum illarum, quæ ſic <lb></lb>euidentes & perſpicuæ ſunt, velut illud eſt, quòd ſit motus, demonſtrationem quærit, quæ do<lb></lb>ceat eſſe motum, non poſsit diſcernere id, quod per ſe ipſum votum eſt ab eo, quod eſt per ſe ob<lb></lb>ſcurum, nec perſpicere, cùm <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rationis antecedens notius eſſe oporteat eo, quod ſequitur; <lb></lb>nihil occurrere poſſe, quod fit eo notius, quod ipſe conſequens facit, idcirco ſic mente obcęca<lb></lb>tus eſt, vt neſciat quid admittat aut reſpuat demonſtrationem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Propterea cum eo compara<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, qui cæcus eſt ab ortu; cum enim colorum vires ignoret, ſiquando diſſerat de illis, ſolùm no<lb></lb>mina ponit in medio; quorum nomina ſint nota, prorſus ignorat. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & ille qui demonſtratio<lb></lb>nem requiret eius quod quippiam moueatur, nominis ſolius habebit rationem, nec quid eo no<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mine ſignificetur, vtique nouerit. </s> <s>qui certè ſi noſſet; tantum abeſt, vt illa demonſtrare conare<lb></lb>tur, vt potius in aliorum demonſtratione vſurparet. </s> <s>Multo maior error committetur, ſi ratio <lb></lb>rei veſtigabitur, cuius oppoſitum ſenſus iudicabit, vt illi fecere, qui vniuerſa quieſcere profiteban<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>euenti rationes indagabant. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> multo enim melius nos habemus ad hęc, quæ monſtrat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſus, quàm ſi vlla ratio ad id oſtendendum accommodari poſſet, atque is qui ita progreditur, <lb></lb>male iudicat, quid melius peiuſúe ſit, quid credendum, & non credendum, nec principium di<lb></lb>ſtinguit ab eo quod non eſt principium, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in ſumma rerum ignoratione verſatur. </s> <s>Etenim ad ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod primum aſcendendum eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod in alia notiora diſſolui nequeat, vnde fides in aliorum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg59"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>confirmationem ducatur aliter, vel ex infinitate principiorum vniuerſa ſcientia funditus euerte<lb></lb>retur, aut exordiatur ab ignoto. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Hoc verò primum dictatur à ſenſu. </s> <s>Quamobrem qui magis ver<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg60"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſati ſunt in naturalibus magis recipiunt principia quæ cum rerum natura conſentiant, & valde <lb></lb>accommodata ſint ad efficiendam ſcientiam. </s> <s>ſuppeditat enim copia multarum demonſtratio<lb></lb>num, quarum auxilio rem introſpiciant. </s> <s>eaque diligenter animaduerſa, conſiderata tarditate <lb></lb>iudicium faciant cum ceteroquin illi qui dimiſſa rerum obſeruatione ſolam rationem perſe<lb></lb>quuntur pauca reſpicientes de rebus obſcuriſsimis ex tempore temereque effutiant. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Siquidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg61"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg62"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſentaneum ſit iudicare ex euentis, & ex fine potiſsimum. </s> <s>Atqui finis ſcientiæ naturalis eſt <lb></lb>eorum ſpeculatio, quæ ſemper proprie ſenſui ſe obijciunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod cum illi non intueantur. </s> <s>in peſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg63"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimos errores inducuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan> illa ponenda in hac philoſophia quæ cum ſenſilibus congruant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quin ſiquando ratio quippiam monſtret, & poſtea ſenſus indicet rem aliter ſe habere, ſenſui <lb></lb>magis erit quam rationi fides habenda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Solumq́ue">Solumque</expan> rationi illi credendum eſt: ſi ea quæ demon<lb></lb>ſtrantur cum rebus ijs conſentiant, quæ ſenſu percipiuntur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>i<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Igitur in hac philoſophia cuncta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg64"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad ſenſum referenda erunt. </s> <s>Audi verò tu nunc firmum iudicium Ariſtotelis, de conſtruendis <lb></lb>rationibus ac mea quidem ſententia, in omni philoſophia generatim, præcipuè verò in natura<lb></lb>li: <emph type="sup"></emph>k<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> iubet enim, vt noſtrarum rationum principium non à quauis ſententia: ſed à firmiſsima <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg65"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quaque ducatur huiuſmodi verò eſt, quam ſemper, eſſe oportet, aut quæ ex conſimilibus oſten<lb></lb>ditur. </s> <s>Atque vbi duæ ſint ſententiæ repugnantes, quarum altera alteram tollat, illa recipienda, <lb></lb>quæ firmior: ea verò eſt, quæ credibilior, & quæ ſemper citius ab omnibus quàm altera admit<lb></lb>tatur. </s> <s>Itaque & quod ex tali ſententia conſequitur, magis approbandum, & illud repudian<lb></lb>dum, quod efficitur ex oppoſita. </s> <s><expan abbr="Duoq́ue">Duoque</expan> huius vitij traduntur exempla ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>alterum <lb></lb>ſanè à diſputatione Parmenidis acceptum, atque alterum à ratione Xenophanis. </s> <s>Atque ille <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg66"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quidem motum ſine vacuo fieri non poſſe ſtatuens, ex eo quod vacuum non eſſet, tollebat <lb></lb>etiam motum. </s> <s>Et tamen ſi hæc ſecum conferantur, & facilius quiſque vacuum eſſe dabit, quàm <lb></lb>neget motum. </s> <s>Quapropter accipiendum eſt potius eſſe motum, & ex eo vacuum eſſe conclu<lb></lb>dendum quàm motus vacui ſublatione tollendus. </s> <s>Xenophanes autem ſic ratiocinabatur, ex <lb></lb>nihilo nihil fit. </s> <s>Ergo ens infinitum & æternum. </s> <s>Non igitur motus. </s> <s>Tamen quiſque promptius <lb></lb>dabit ex nihilo aliquid fieri, vt etiam multi dedere, & fides noſtra pro certo habet quàm reij<lb></lb>ciat motum. </s> <s>Proinde ſic potius concludendum fuerat. </s> <s>Motus eſt. </s> <s>Ergo ex nihilo aliquid fit; <lb></lb>quàm vt fecit Xenophanes. </s> <s>& fide nitendum, quam præſtat ſenſus, qui ſi quandoque decipitur; <lb></lb>non id perpetuo neque in omnibus efficit. </s> <s>Neque verò id huius philoſophiæ proprium eſt: ſed <lb></lb>omnis artis atque ſcientiæ apud Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Nam quòd ille futurus ſit huius methodi norma <lb></lb>perſpicuum eſt, ex eo loco, <emph type="sup"></emph>l<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quo comparat rerum diuinarum cognitionem cum ſcientia morta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg67"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lium, ſiquidem tametſi pauca admodum de illis aſſerere philoſophis licet; contemplationis <lb></lb>nobilitate compenſet hoc damnum, ac dum eius difficultatis cauſſam reddit, id vniuerſum tri <pb pagenum="7"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg68"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>buit imbecillitati ſenſuum humanorum. </s> <s>Minus enim, inquit, diuinam partem contemplari <lb></lb>contingit quòd non multum illius pateat ſenſui, cuius beneficio tum de ea ipſa parte diuina, <lb></lb>tum de ijs, quę noſſe cupimus, facultas cogitandi, & indagandi nobis ſuppetat. </s> <s>Sed ad alias <lb></lb>quoque artes translatum eſt ab Ariſtotele huiuſmodi pręceptum, quippe qui clariſsimè teſtetur, <lb></lb>deficiente aliquo ſenſu deperire item cum eo aliquam ſcientiam, vt viſu deficiente colorum, <lb></lb>auditu verò ſonorum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quapropter ſi ſaluo homine ſenſus vniuerſi tollerentur, continuo quo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg69"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que omni ſcientia priuaremur. </s> <s>Idem quoque monſtrat ſcientiæ cuiuſque principia colligi per <lb></lb>inductionem, & à ſenſu deduci. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Pertinet & eadem norma ad illa principia, quibus vtitur ci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg70"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uilis philoſophus, nam ſiue reſpiciant rerum veritatem, atque naturam, ſiue actionem; in ſen<lb></lb>ſum neceſſariò reſoluuntur: quando ad rerum veritatem pernoſcendam requiratur inductio, <lb></lb>quæ eſt de ſenſilibus; ad actionem verò conſuetudo, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ exoritur ex frequenti vſu ſingula<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg71"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rium. </s> <s>Valeat ergo Parmenides, qui iudicium ſenſus omnino detrectat & ita pręcipit impuden<lb></lb>tiſsime, licet habuerit aſſeclam Hippocratem, qui neſcio qua ratione ductus <foreign lang="grc">τῆς γνώμησιν</foreign>, id <lb></lb>eſt menti non ſenſui fidere nos voluit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target>g Primo <lb></lb>de part. <lb></lb>an. cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg52"></margin.target>h 2. Met. <lb></lb>T. 15. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Galen. 2. <lb></lb>de temp. <lb></lb>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target>a 4. Mete<lb></lb>or. </s> <s>T. 29.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg57"></margin.target>c 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target>d 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg59"></margin.target>e Galen. <lb></lb></s> <s>ad Hiero<lb></lb>nem. <lb></lb></s> <s><lb></lb>4. Met. T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg60"></margin.target>f 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg61"></margin.target>g 1. de Ge<lb></lb>ner. 7. T.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg62"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg63"></margin.target>h 3. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. 61.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg64"></margin.target>i 3. de Ge<lb></lb>ner. </s> <s>an. </s> <s>c. <lb></lb>10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg65"></margin.target>k Lib. de <lb></lb>plac. cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg66"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg67"></margin.target>l 1. de par<lb></lb>t. an cap. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg68"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg69"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg70"></margin.target>b 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg71"></margin.target>c 1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Neu faxit Deus (inquit ille) vt pateat tibi ſemita ſenſus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Neue oculus fallax, aut lingua auriſúe ſonora<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg72"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg72"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Decipiat, varium ratio det rebus honorem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quantò rectius vetus ille quidem inter Latinos, ſed elegantiſsimus & iudicio eruditiſsimus <lb></lb>poëta cecinit ea de ſenſu?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Communis dedicat eſſe</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Senſus, cui niſi prima fides fundata valebit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Haud erit occultis de rebus, quò referentes</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Confirmare animos quicquam ratione queamus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nollem hic multus eſſe: veruntamen ad ſe rapit me Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & eorum inſcitiam redarguens, <arrow.to.target n="marg73"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qui fidem facere ſtudent ex ijs quæ adhuc ignorantur, cum ceteroquin ea quæ ſumuntur ad de<lb></lb>monſtrationem vel euidentia ſint oportet, vel antea demonſtrata: & rerum ſenſilium legitimum <lb></lb>iudicem clamans eſſe ſenſum, vt pote tactum primarum qualitatum. </s> <s>Nam ſi alia via, inquit, <lb></lb>ſuccurrat, qua illæ noſcuntur, eam quæſo demonſtrent. </s> <s>inauditam enim ſapientiam promit<lb></lb>tunt, immo, ſi verum fateri licet, ſtuporem potius, ſi quidem rerum ſenſilium meliorem ſe iu<lb></lb>dicem habere putent, quàm ſit ipſe ſenſus. </s> <s>ac ſi de rebus ſenſilibus demonſtrationes inquirunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg74"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iam de niue diſputandum erit, ſit ne candida cenſenda, quemadmodum omnibus apparet: an <lb></lb>atra potius, vt prędicabat Anaxagoras; & de pice ſimiliter: neque enim, ſi viſui de albo, quod <lb></lb>viderit, fides habenda non eſt, de nigro ſine demonſtratione credendum erit. </s> <s>Omnia igitur quæ <lb></lb>ſenſui apparent, ſi iam fide carere dicunt: nec cygnum eſſe album fateantur, niſi prius id ratio<lb></lb>ne conſpexerint, neque diem neque Solem. </s> <s>ad eundem modum & de voce auribus fidem ab<lb></lb>rogent & de odore naribus & de omni tactili ipſi ſenſui tactus. </s> <s>Quæ ſanè nihil diſtant ab hæ ſi<lb></lb>tationibus & nugis Pyrrhonianis. </s> <s>Aequum verò fuerat eos qui optimam ſectam in philoſophia <lb></lb>delegiſſent, quæ primas qualitates per elementa principiaque ponit, non tam deſciuiſſe à com<lb></lb>muni hominum ſenſu, vt, quæ omnis demonſtrationis principia ſunt & quæ ſenſui mentique <lb></lb>patent, non cognoſcerent. </s> <s>Et profecto quiſquis de his addubitat, fruſtra de alijs inquirit, vt po<lb></lb>te nil ſibi relinquens, vnde ſit incepturus. </s> <s>Sed illud vnum prauorum dogmatum principium eſt, <lb></lb>nihil de demonſtratione prius meditatum ſimul res ipſas inquirere: veluti, quid nam demon<lb></lb>ſtratio ſit, demonſtrare tentare. </s> <s>Placet ſanè mihi Diogenes, qui cùm de motu interrogaretur, <lb></lb>nihil quidem reſpondit, ſed ſurgens ambulauit, per ipſam euidentiam ſophiſtæ ſenſum expro<lb></lb>brans, & planè, qui hæc non norunt egent ſenſu, ne dicam pœna, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt ſiquis ignem calidum eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg75"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg76"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe non ſentiat, conijciatur in ignem. </s> <s>Non eſt ocium nunc de fide ſenſibus adhibenda diſputare. <lb></lb></s> <s>Satis ſit hunc rerum naturalium eſſe debere normam, & regulam qua cuncta exploremus, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg77"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que ab eius iudicio ne latum quidem vnguem diſcedemus. </s> <s>Ei primò vel omnium maximè ſeſe <lb></lb>offert motus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nos ad contemplationem primus excitauit, cuius cum principia quęrerentur <lb></lb>effectum eſt, vt naturalis omnium prima philoſophia ſtatueretur: nec vero quòd omnes ſcientiæ <lb></lb>motum adhibeant, vel cogitando, vel ex motu ratiocinando, vel etiam ficto motu ad maiorem <lb></lb>explicationem, veluti mathematici, dum ex fluxu puncti lineam ex huius item fluxu ſuperfi<lb></lb>ciem, & ex ſuperficiei fluxu corpus efformant. </s> <s>Neque hæc eò dicimus, quominus arbitremur <lb></lb>magnam quoque rationem mentis eſſe habendam: ſed, vt ſeligamus illud mentis iudicium de <lb></lb>rebus abſtruſis quas ſenſus attingere nequit, quod futurum ſit rectum. </s> <s>tale autem erit, ſi illa acci<lb></lb>piat, quæ nihil euertant eorum, quæ per ſe & propriè ſentiuntur, hoc eſt in quorum ſenſione <lb></lb>nullus error committitur, quod tum euenit, cum omnia ritè diſpoſita ſunt, vt optimè ſenſio fiat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod ſi minus liceat, vt inueſtigatione cęleſtium corporum, <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> locorum ignotorum, & ſubſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg78"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiarum quæ ſunt liberę & ſolutæ à materia, quorum aliqua nullo pacto ſubiiciuntur ſenſibus; <pb pagenum="8"></pb>alia tentare non datum eſt cuique; ad cœlum non peruenit ſenſus, aut vnus viſus, atque ille qui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg79"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem valde infirmus; ita ratio gubernabitur, vt nihil oppugnet ea, quæ verè ſentiuntur & veluti <lb></lb>notiſsima poſita iam fuerunt. </s> <s>Et id ſi placuit Hyppocrati, ipſum quoque commendabimus, & <lb></lb>rationi, non ſenſui confidendum eſſe eo tempore decernemus. </s> <s>Tum verò optimè nobiſcum <lb></lb>agetur, ſi ſenſuum fidem cum ratione, <expan abbr="rationemq́">rationemque</expan>. </s> <s>cum ſenſibus habeamus. </s> <s>Denique ſenſus ſit <lb></lb>totius phyſicæ principale <expan abbr="firmamentũ">firmamentum</expan>, quo etiam nitantur cętera pronunciata, quę adſcribentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex eo qui iudicio ſenſus ſtandum eſt efficitur, vt accidentium cuiuſque rei ſpeculatio, valde ad<lb></lb>modum conferat ad rerum eſſentias pernoſcendas <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiquidem tales oporteat eſſe cauſſas, quales <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg80"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propagare poſsint ea quæ inſunt. </s> <s>Quanquam alio modo nos in ſubſtantiæ notitiam accidentia <lb></lb>perducunt. </s> <s>quandò tota ſpecies indiuidui recipitur à ſenſibus externis, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ponitur in phan<lb></lb>taſia & phantaſma efficitur, cuius partes ſunt accidens & ſubſtantia, quæ poſtmodò mentis effi<lb></lb>cientis opere diſcernuntur. </s> <s>Itaque etſi certus eſt progreſſus, à definitione ad accidentia, nem<lb></lb>pe demonſtratiuus: etiam methodus conuerſa multum iuuat ad cognoſcendum quid eſt. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>definitio dare quidem ſolet occaſionem adipiſcendi notitiam cauſſarum, ex quibus accidentia <lb></lb>rei naſcuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles quęrebat quid eſſet locus, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt eorum .ſ. </s> <s>quæ in loco ſunt, cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg81"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſas inueniret; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ordo tenetur in mathematicis, quæ demonſtrationis perſpicuitate reliquas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg82"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omnes excellunt. </s> <s>ipſæ enim accidentia quanto per definitiones inueniunt, & cognito quid ſit <lb></lb>triangulus, aut rectum nobis aperiunt triangulum habere tres angulos æquos duobus rectis, at<lb></lb>que omnino vbi definitio non præſtet eorum notitiam, quæ inſunt rei, pro dialectica communi <lb></lb>& inani habenda eſt. </s> <s>Sed etiam cognitio rudis, &, vt Gręci dicunt, <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ φαντασίαν</foreign> ipſorum <lb></lb>accidentium aut omnium, aut plurium, nobis ſuppeditat, quæ de rerum eſſentia dicamus: non <lb></lb>ſanè, quia demonſtratiuam cognitionem efficiat; quippe qui omnis demonſtrationis principium <lb></lb>ſit definitio, ſed tamen eiuſmodi vt aditum patefaciat ad conſtituendam rei propoſitæ defini<lb></lb>tionem. </s> <s>Propterea de loco diſſerens Ariſtoteles accidentia quædam definitioni loci præpoſuit, <lb></lb>è quibus poſtea collegit quid eſſet locus. </s> <s>eandem quoque viam tenuit, dum incrementi eſſen<lb></lb>tiam exquireret. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eandem item in deſceptatione de animo voluit obſeruare, ſiquidem ex motu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg83"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& cognitione vires animi vniuerſas inuenerit & explanarit, vnde, quaſi retrocedens accidentium <lb></lb>illorum vim multò certius expoſuit; &, cùm ante definitionem rudi quodam modo nob. notuiſ<lb></lb>ſent; poſtquàm definitio comperta eſt, accuratiſsimè euoluit, nimirùm demonſtratione, qua via <lb></lb>philoſopho naturali plurimum inſiſtendum eſt, cui ſæpius effectus quàm cauſſa ſunt notiores. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque illud obſtat quod Ariſtoteles aliquando reiecerit accidentia, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tanquam inutilia ad defini<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg84"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg85"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem comparandam. </s> <s>Aut etiam prædicarit ſubſtantiam accidenti & natura & cognitione <lb></lb>præcedere. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nanque in Analyticis agebat Ariſtoteles de prædicatis illis, quæ ſunt partes ipſius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg86"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quid eſt. </s> <s>atqui accidentia non ſunt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>verùm nob. </s> <s>indicant ſolùm partes ipſius quid <lb></lb>eſt, & ſubſtantia cognitione procedit, vt poſteà narrabitur, quia nulla notio poteſt eſſe acciden<lb></lb>tis, quin includat ſubſtantiam; ſed ea notio confuſa eſt & imperfecta, quod philoſophi quidam <lb></lb>non videntes à vera item ratione pronuntiati præſentis aberrarunt. </s> <s>Nam lego apud nonnullos <lb></lb>talem poni ordinem inter ſubſtantiam & accidens. </s> <s>quod ita cognitio ſubſtantiæ præcedat acci<lb></lb>denti, quia ſit eius cognitio perfectior. </s> <s>tunc enim quanque rem cognoſcere videmur, cum eius <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam nouimus; vt vbi nouimus quid homo ſit, non autem cuiuſmodi ſit. </s> <s>ſic etiam me<lb></lb>lius cognoſcimus album, quando nouimus quid ſit album, quæ videtur eſſe cognitio ſubſtantię <lb></lb>& eſſentiæ, cuiuſmodi ſit albi eſſentia, quàm ſi ipſum ſub alicuius attributi ratione noſcamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò prior eſt origine accidentis notitia quàm ſubſtantiæ: quandoquidem nihil in mente ſit, <lb></lb>quin prius attigerit ſenſum. </s> <s>Atqui ſenſus non eſt ſubſtantię iudex, ſed vnius accidentis. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb>obrem ſenſilia quę ſunt accidentia, prius à nobis quàm ſubſtantiæ cognoſcuntur. </s> <s>Et planè quod <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ notitia ſit perfectior, inficiari non licet, attamen aliqua de primo capite dubitari poſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg87"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Quandoquidem mihi videtur ille qui hæc effatur, dare accidens ſine ſubſtantia percipi à <lb></lb>ſenſu. </s> <s>atqui ideſt abſtrahere, abſtractio verò non eſt opus ſenſus, ſed mentis. </s> <s>Inſuper indiuiduum <lb></lb>per ſe ſenſile eſt, at ſenſilium iudex eſt ſenſus; ergo & indiuidui. </s> <s>Quare, cùm ſit indiuiduum <lb></lb>è genere ſubſtantiæ, & illius igitur erit ſenſus. </s> <s>Cùm ergo ab illo non ſegregentur accidentia ſen<lb></lb>ſilia, proinde efficitur, vt neque origine accidentium notitia pręcedat cognitioni ſubſtantiæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quinimmo ſic coniuncta eſt accidentis notitia cum cognitione ſubſtantiæ, vt beſtię quoque ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam noſcant. </s> <s>Etenim optimè D. Thomas. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Niſi beſtiæ noſcerent ſubſtantiam, in eius per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg88"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceptione non deciperentur, vt liquet in alimentis. </s> <s>Neque enim quicquam in eo decipi poteſt, <lb></lb>quod prorſus ignorat. </s> <s>Itaque totum indiuiduum, quod eſt veluti maſſa quædam omnium prę<lb></lb>dicamentorum accipitur à ſenſu, & de vniuerſo fert iudicium. </s> <s>Nanque vbi poſteà ſubſtantia <lb></lb>cognoſcenda ſit ſub ratione ſola ſubſtantiæ, quia ſeparatur ab accidentibus, à quibus efficieba<lb></lb>tur ſingularis, non permanet amplius indiuidua, ſed fit vniuerſalis. </s> <s>Nec refert, vtrùm hoc iudi<lb></lb>cium ſit ſenſus interni, vt nonnulli arbitrantur, an externi: quandò nullum eſt officium ſenſus, <pb pagenum="9"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg89"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod non pendeat ab vtroque; mutuas enim ſibi operas præſtant. </s> <s>Verum quia non dubitatur <lb></lb>id, accidentiaúe valeant ad cognoſcendum quid eſt, quod philoſophus naturalis ſępiſsimè cogi<lb></lb>tur vti demonſtrationibus à ſigno, hoc tanquam firmamento conſtituto, quæramus de modo <lb></lb>quo accidens id efficiat. </s> <s>Omnium ſententię meo quidem iudicio, ad duo capita referri poſſe vi<lb></lb>dentur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nonnulli enim accipiunt proportionem inter mentem & ea, quæ mente comprehen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg90"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di poſſunt, qualis eſt inter materiam & formam naturalem. </s> <s>Nam veluti materia non accipit <lb></lb>formas naturales ſine quadam affectione pręcurrente nimirum accidentium, ſic mens non po<lb></lb>teſt, inquiunt, accipere formas intelligendas ſine pręcedente affectione, hæc verò accedit per <lb></lb>accidentia quæ mouent ſenſum. </s> <s>At verò præter id, quod incidunt in errorem communem, <lb></lb>quia putant albedinem à ſenſu cognoſci, quando cognoſcitur hoc album, neſcio vtrum mens <lb></lb>requirat eiuſmodi affectionem nécne: ſiquidem mens videatur eſſe poteſtas quę, vbi pręſens fue<lb></lb>rit obiectum, è veſtigio operatur, & percipit. </s> <s>flagitat ſanè phantaſma, vt mens efficiens habeat. <lb></lb></s> <s>quod illuſtret & intelligendum faciat, ſed vt afficiens, non puto. </s> <s>Namque ea quæ affectionem <lb></lb>poſtulant, docet experientia tempore quoque abſolui. </s> <s>Accedit etiam quod affectio præcedit in <lb></lb>eadem materia, in qua debet accipi forma. </s> <s>Sed mens per ſe non afficitur, niſi à re intelligenda, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg91"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæc verò iam actu facta vt à mente efficiente, vt ipſi volunt, aut à forma ipſa ſubſtantia quæ per <lb></lb>ſe mentem informat. </s> <s>Nihil ergo præcedit in mente, quod afficiat mentem ad intelligendum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cui quoque rei ſignum eſſe poteſt quod vti affectio præcedat à minore tenditur ad maius, & ab <lb></lb>imperfecto ad perfectum. </s> <s>Atqui mens vbi percepit maius, multò facilius concipit <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> minus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Docent alij ſic accidentia nos in notitiam ſubſtantiæ ducere, quia ſubſtantia non poſsit excitare <lb></lb>facultates cognoſcendi ſine accidentibus quaſi vtatur animus his accidentibus, vt ſic dixerim, <lb></lb>pro vehiculo ſubſtantiarum. </s> <s>Quæ item ratio videtur imperfecta; quia deſiderarem ego mihi <lb></lb>explicari modum quo, poſtquàm ſubſtantia per accidentia concepta fuerit, mens ſubſtantiæ no<lb></lb>titiam conſequatur: vt puta, quomodo ex eo quòd Luna lumine priuetur, percipiamus cauſſas <lb></lb>& definitionem defectus. </s> <s>Itaque mihi videtur ita ſenſiſſe Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Cùm globus ille prędi<lb></lb>camentorum omnium, quod vocamus indiuiduum, pepulit ſenſus noſtros, & ex repetitione <lb></lb>facta memoria productum eſt vniuerſale, quod, vt alibi docui, concretum eſt vt album, quan<lb></lb>tum, mobile, reſoluitur à mente in ſuas partes & illo inuento ſine quo cętera non exiſtunt, ſed il<lb></lb>lud ſine aliis, hoc verò eſt ipſa ſubſtantia, ſiue vt primum excipiens, velut animus, ſiue vt cuius <lb></lb>eſt aliquod primum excipiens, vt animal, vt poſtea declarabimus, tum concipi ſubſtantiam. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg92"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Huius autem reſolutionis duo fundamenta eſſe coniicio. </s> <s>primum analyticum quod traditur ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele, cum docet <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quemadmodum inuenienda ſint ea quæ inſunt quatenus ipſum. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg93"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proponitur in primis aliquod inueſtigandum, eius vniuerſa attributa percenſentur, & vbi vnum <lb></lb>ex illis occurrat, quod ita ſe habeat ad attributum, vt eo poſito primò ponatur, & cum ſublatum <lb></lb>fuerit ſecum quoque perimet attributum, id dicimus ineſſe quatenus ipſum, & illam eſſe <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſam & eſſentiam accidentis, quæ prius elucet in demonſtratione, poſtmodo degenerat in <lb></lb>quid eſt, & in definitione ſumitur. </s> <s>Alterum fundamentum petitur è prima philoſophia. </s> <s>Quo<lb></lb>niam accidens ita ſe habet ad ſubſtantiam, vt ad ipſam neceſſariò referatur, & ſicut vnum è rela<lb></lb>tiuis ſuapte natura notionem affert alterius, ſic accidens affert notionem ſubſtantiæ in qua ineſt; <lb></lb>ac primum ſubſtantiæ, cum qua comprehenditur, vt album in cygno cognoſcitur, aut charta; <lb></lb>quia tamen non applicat ſeſe neceſſariò ad chartam aut cygnum; ſed ſine vtriſque percipi po<lb></lb>teſt, non tamen ſine aliquo, notionem affert ſubſtantię ſimpliciter, ad extremum indicat illam <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, cui perpetuò comitatur, vt ſine ipſa non exiſtat, & vbi hoc ſit, illa quoque adſit <lb></lb>oporteat, & per illam cæteris inſit, quæ vbi fuerit euoluta, per ſe ipſam patet, & ita lucet, vt acci<lb></lb>dens quoque quod ex ipſa pendet, illuſtret. </s> <s>Quapropter ille progreſſus ab accidentibus ad ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg94"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantias pertinet ad doctrinam confuſam & incohatam, cùm ceteroquin in doctrina diſtincta <lb></lb>& abſoluta accidens ex ſubſtantia cognoſcatur. </s> <s>Neque verò te intelligere velim progreſſum ab <lb></lb>accidente ad ſubſtantiam eiuſmodi eſſe, vt accidens prius ſine ſubſtantia cognoſcatur; neque <lb></lb>enim notio relatiui ab alterius notione ſeiungitur: ſed cum eo tempore ſimul cum accidentibus <lb></lb>ſubſtantia noſcatur accidentia præſtant, vt ſubſtantia per ſe concipi queat. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt ſubſtantia <lb></lb>& cauſſa per ſe poſt primam notionem, quæ auxilio ſenſus accedit, vt ens ſimpliciter accipiatur, <lb></lb>& efficiat primam ſubſtantię notionem, mox appareat, vt cauſſa, & ſic notionem complexam fa<lb></lb>ciat ex qua principia demonſtrationis exiſtunt; vltimo accipiatur, vt quid eſt, & compleat defi<lb></lb>nitionem. </s> <s>Sic igitur accidentia non proximè ſed remotè perducunt ad quid eſt, tùm quòd non <lb></lb>ſunt prędicata in quid, ſed ea ſignificant quę prędicantur in quid; tùm quòd per multos gradus <lb></lb>euehi, & regredi oportet mentem noſtram, vt aſſequatur ipſum quid eſt. </s> <s>Non omnia tamen ac<lb></lb>cidentia conducunt ad huiuſmodi progreſſum: quippe quod ea, quę ſunt per accidens, ideſt, non <lb></lb>habent certas cauſſas ex hoc ordine deiiciantur. </s> <s>cùm enim certas cauſſas non habeant, ſolum af<lb></lb>ferunt notionem ſubſtantiæ ſimpliciter, quia ſine illa nunquam exiſtunt, ſed nihil amplius, quod <pb pagenum="10"></pb>eſſentiam rei cuiuſpiam reſpicere videatur; cùm etiam ab hac & ab illa, & re & mente ſeuocari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg95"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſsint. </s> <s>Oportet igitur vt accidentia ſint per ſe & hæc, vel ſint generis vel alicuius partis eius. <lb></lb></s> <s>quanquam & valent ad hoc ſeparatim, vt ſenſus ad animal dignoſcendum; vel etiam coniun<lb></lb>ctim plura, quæ aliquod commune præſentent, <foreign lang="grc">συνδρομήν</foreign> Græci vocant, ideſt concurſum; & <lb></lb>ſpeciatim medici ſigna habent, quæ pathognomonica appellant, quorum auxilio certa genera ve<lb></lb>nantur: pluribus ſenſibus vnà de eadem re <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> facientibus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neque vno ſufficiente, cùm ſin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg96"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gula communius aliquod offerant. </s> <s>Proptereà, quanquam notitia ſubſtantiæ tempore acciden<lb></lb>tis notitiæ præfertur; aut agitur de doctrina diſtincta, aut præcedere tempore accipiendum pri<lb></lb>uatiuè quòd vnà, nec poſterius ſubſtantia noſcatur: nam ſiquid antecedit, tametſi non tempo<lb></lb>re; id eſt, vt aiunt, inſtans naturæ: eſt enim accidens ratio per quam ſubſtantia recipitur à ſenſu. <lb></lb></s> <s>Confert item accidens ad cognoſcendum quid eſt, quòd ex eius natura quę multiplex eſt, vel ma<lb></lb>teriam, vel <foreign lang="grc">ἐξ ἀφαιρὲσεως</foreign>, vel etiam <foreign lang="grc">χωρικὴ</foreign>, nouimus eſſe triplex definitionum genus, quod <lb></lb>vteretur materia ſenſili, quòd materia intelligenda, vel abiiceret omnino materiam. </s> <s>Et hoc in <lb></lb>philoſophia Peripatetica tritiſsimum. </s> <s>Nam cùm ipſa ſit de rebus ſenſilibus principia ſenſilia <lb></lb>ſumere cogitur. </s> <s>At, inquies, materia prima ſenſilis non eſt: & tamen eſt principium rerum ſen<lb></lb>ſilium. </s> <s>Conſueuerunt maiores noſtri reſpondere cauſſas accipi non omnes, ſed propinquas; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg97"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>has enim ſolas eſſe ſenſiles, quippe quòd in ſingularibus proximè inſideant. </s> <s>At verò quod docet <lb></lb>aliquando philoſophus monet me, vt ſenſile communius accipiam, ac dicam ſenſile nonmodo <lb></lb>id quod ſenſui poteſt ſubiici, ſed quod quoquo pacto reſpicit materiam. </s> <s>Proptereà neque <lb></lb>Deus, cùm ſit auctor motus, effugit <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> conſiderationem: hoc enim modo ſunt cauſſæ ſenſilium, <lb></lb>& cadunt in ſenſum; quia ſunt principia ſenſilium: vt quanuis per ſe non ſentiantur, quia fa<lb></lb>ciant ſenſilia, ad ſenſilia referantur, vel vt ferrum, quo fit ſanitas, ad ſanitatem; vnde item ſa<lb></lb>num vocatur. </s> <s>Et rerum quidem ſenſilium ſemper & propriè ſcientia ponitur vt ſubiecti: ho<lb></lb>rum verò ſcientia propriè non eſt. </s> <s>itaque nec ea per ſe ſentiantur oportet; verum ſat eſt, vt ſen<lb></lb>tiantur eo qui dictus eſt, modo: nec ob id tollitur quin rerum ſenſilium ſit ſcientia naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>& talia ſunt etiam remotiſsima à ſingularibus, & vniuerſalia maximè, quod ſanè multi philoſo<lb></lb>phi præſertim Platonici <expan abbr="neglexerũt">neglexerunt</expan>, quia numeros auctores rerum naturalium fecerint, vel Ideas <lb></lb>quas extra materiam eſſe voluere. </s> <s>Parum ab his abfuere Pythagorici. </s> <s>Nanque etſi numeros <lb></lb>accepere qui eſſet in ſenſilibus, & eos vt numero ſpectarunt, numerorum conditiones illis attri<lb></lb>buentes, <expan abbr="eaſq́ue">eaſque</expan> ad res ſenſiles applicantes, neque illa obſeruarunt, quæ in numeris inſunt, qua<lb></lb>tenus materia fundantur, quod eum facere oportebat, qui naturalis ſcientiæ principia veſtiga<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg98"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>Eiuſdem quoque notæ ſunt, qui puncta, plana, & figuras rerum naturalium principia po<lb></lb>nunt, è quorum etiam numero fuit Plato, quanquam hi minus errarunt, quòd illa ſtatuerunt, <lb></lb>è quibus ratio probabilis reddi poſſet aliquorum, quæ conducerent ad motum. </s> <s>Ita eueniet, vt <lb></lb>in phyſicis demonſtrationibus componendis à primis vſque ad vltimas cauſſas procedere liceat, <lb></lb>& accipere item illa quæ ſunt nota natura & ſecundum rationem, non ſecundum ſenſum, & ea <lb></lb>tamen ſint principia ſenſilium, nec à phyſica methodo aliena. </s> <s>Neque enim ſine his vlla de<lb></lb>monſtratio poteſt abſolui, ſeu prima ſint, ſeu poſtrema: ſiue in eadem ſerie cauſſarum, ſiue in <lb></lb>alia: habent nexum quendam inſolubilem & varia cauſſarum genera inter ſe & in eodem ordi<lb></lb>ne, ex quo erumpit effectus, & cùm hic ſit ſingularis à ſingularis cauſſę ſocietate neutiquam di<lb></lb>uelluntur, qualia verò ſint quibus principatus effectus ſit committendus non in omni cauſſarum <lb></lb>genere communis ratio fortè poterit aſsignari, primas in quibuſdam ferente cauſſa priore ſecun<lb></lb>dum naturam, & remotiore, contrà in aliis. </s> <s>Sed hæc poſtea diſſerentur vberius. </s> <s>In his princi<lb></lb>piis & illud numerabitur: Methodum imitari naturam quo ad eius fieri poteſt. </s> <s>Nam, ſi metho<lb></lb>dus eſt ſcientia artificio tradita, ars verò naturam, quo ad poteſt imitatur, & inuenit quod ipſa de<lb></lb>ſiderat, & ſequitur quod oſtendit, methodus quoque neceſſe eſt imitetur naturam, & eundem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg99"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>progreſſum propemodum faciat. </s> <s>Itaque, veluti natura nihil fruſtra molitur, & niſi impediatur, <lb></lb>ad finem vſquam perducit, ac fine propoſito mox illa præparat, quibus fine ſuo commodè po<lb></lb>tiatur; ſic ars omnia ſtruit ad vſus humanos, ac ſcopo conſtituto prius ordine diſponit deinceps <lb></lb>ea ſine quibus conſequentia non conſiſtunt. </s> <s>Ita reſoluendo, prius ab eo quod eſt primum in <lb></lb>optatis, ad ea ſine quibus hoc non exiſtit, mox componendo, ab eo ſine quo cætera non con<lb></lb>ſtant, progreditur ad finem, eumque ordinem ſeruans nihil omittit, nil ſuperuacaneum, & inu<lb></lb>tile machinatur. </s> <s>Eodem modo methodus ſcientia ſibi propoſita prius de principiis cogitat tan<lb></lb>quam fundamentis: his ſuperſtruit demonſtrationes inſiſtens ea via qua res dilucidè explicari <lb></lb>queat, vt nihil inculcet inane, nihil redundans: neque ſic præcisè eloquatur, vt oratio pariat ob<lb></lb>ſcuritatem, in id præcipuè collimans, vt auditoris habeat rationem, ad cuius ingenium & captum <lb></lb>ſingula referre ſtudet. </s> <s>Ad hæc mirificè confert ordo, cuius admonitu neceſſaria perſequitur: <lb></lb>vnde etiam ſicut in natura vnum quoddam eſt, quod caput eſt vniuerſi ordinis, & ex quo cętera <lb></lb>deriuantur: ſic in methodo ſolet eſſe vnum principium commune, quod reliquis omnibus ſup <pb pagenum="11"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg100"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponatur, & in quod illa reſoluantur, ſeu rei principium ſit, ſeu cognitionis. </s> <s>Ita in prima phi<lb></lb>loſophia primum illud. </s> <s>De quolibet verbum eſſe aſſerere, vel negare. </s> <s>in Morali bene educatum <lb></lb>eſſe, in mathematica continuum diuidi in infinitum, ex hoc quòd inter duo puncta quantęuis <lb></lb>linea ducantur, quòd in quolibet eius ſigno figura deſcribi queat: in arte medica fortè illud. <lb></lb></s> <s>Contrariis contraria curari, in hac noſtra Motum eſſe. </s> <s>Proximè ab ordine eſt via à notis no<lb></lb>bis quæ rerum occultarum tractationem ad rudium aures accommodat, poſtmodo inſtrumen<lb></lb>ta, quibus fidem facit & docet. </s> <s>Itaque magis ij laudantur, qui ſcientiarum principia finita con<lb></lb>ſtituunt, quàm qui infinitatem acceperunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi eadem vtraque ſecta pręſtare poſsit, ideſt, nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg101"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reddere certiores de cunctis problematis quę in conſiderationem naturalem cadere queunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atque id non temerè à philoſopho ſumptum. </s> <s>Siquidem nihil ſciri poſsit principiis ignoratis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atqui ſi principia fuerint infinita, incerta ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Nanque id quoque tanquam certiſsi<lb></lb>mum ratio ſumit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Infinitum qua infinitum eſt, ſiue ſit numero infinitum, ſeu magnitudine, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg102"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſiue etiam forma, prorſus eſſe ignotum, vt ſi formæ infinitæ inter extrema intercedant, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg103"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quas oporteat fieri mutationem; ſi etiam ab imis ad ſumma quibus tanquam terminis prędica<lb></lb>mentum vnumquodque conſiſtit, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut cauſſarum progreſſus à proximis ad remotas, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut vni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg104"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg105"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uerſum infinitum, quemadmodum voluit Meliſſus, aut denique multæ ſpecies infinitæ, vt cen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg106"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuit Anaxagoras: vel infinita corpuſcula per inane volitantia, vt accepit Democritus; non po<lb></lb>teſt hæc neque ſenſus, neque mens pertranſire, neque comprehendere. </s> <s>Quanquam hîc te mo<lb></lb>nere volumus, infinitum non id ignotum eſſe, quod imperfectum eſt, & perducendum eſt ad <lb></lb>aliquem finem, <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> vlterius promoueri <expan abbr="põt">poteſt</expan>, vt poſuit Ariſtoteles: ſed quod omnem mo<lb></lb>dum <expan abbr="finesq́">finesque</expan>. </s> <s>tranſit, vt veteribus placuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illud quidem, ſi pro ſubiecto ſumatur, non au<lb></lb>tem pro attributo, hoc eſt id de quo prædicatur infinitum, ignotum eſt: ratio verò infiniti, vt <lb></lb>quid ſit id quod infinitum dicimus, & nota eſt, & à phyſico tractatur. </s> <s>Conuenit item in bene <lb></lb>inſtituta methodo, niſi quid certiſsimè indicet ſenſus, aliqua ratione perſuadere, vel inductio<lb></lb>ne, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> cauſſa non ſuccurrat, aut ſi cauſſam non habeat; veluti ſi ipſum cauſſa foret: ex<lb></lb>plicare definitione, vt talem pateat eius eſſe naturam, qualem accepimus. </s> <s>Nolo tamen te poſtu<lb></lb>lare, definitionem hîc exquiſitam, quæ nulla eſt, niſi ſpeciei ſubſtantiæ, ſed expoſitione nominis <lb></lb>eſſe contentum, & ipſa vi termini, vt factum eſt ab Ariſtotele in explicatione principij. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg107"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi cauſſa poſsit, afferri cauſſam apponere oportet; rerum enim cauſſas habentium nulla cognitio <lb></lb>certa eſt ſine cauſſa. </s> <s>Neque id prohibere valet, quo minus cauſſa reddatur, quia res ita perpe<lb></lb>tuò ſe habeat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Vt enim omne id quod cauſſa vacat, perpetuum eſt, at id non reciprocatur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg108"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg109"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Omne id quod perpetuum eſt, cauſſa vacare. </s> <s>Nam quòd triangulus <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan> duos rectos, in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg110"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæret perpetuò; atqui cauſſa talis euenti redditur à mathematico, quia nimirùm habeat angu<lb></lb>lum externum æqualem duobus internis è regione conſtitutis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Solaq́.">Solaque</expan> </s> <s>illa æterna quæ principia <lb></lb>ſunt, cauſſa vacant: non omnia perpetua generatim. </s> <s>Et cauſſa quæritur, cur duo motus ex ad<lb></lb>uerſo fiant in cœlo quos tamen æternos eſſe phyſica concludit. </s> <s>Si verò non libeat ſubnectere <lb></lb>cauſſam, <emph type="sup"></emph>i<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> puta tu, quia non ſit eius loci, vel etiam, quòd longiores explicatus habeat, quibus in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg111"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præſentia parcendum ſit: ſaltem ſub forma hypotheſeos accipiendum eſt, id quod velis, non ab<lb></lb>ſolutè pronunciandum, vel, vt fieri conſueuit in legibus edicendum. </s> <s>Hæc præcepta ſeruans ad<lb></lb>amuſsim præſtantiſsimus doctor, eo nomine celebratur ab Auerroë, quod nihil vnquàm ſine va<lb></lb>lida ratione dixerit. </s> <s>Neque verò quia ſemper cauſſam dictis ſuis adſcripſerit, quî enim rerum, <lb></lb>quę cauſſa vacarent, cauſſa reddi poterat? </s> <s>eiuſdem enim vitij poſſet argui quod ipſe aliis obie<lb></lb>cit. </s> <s>quippe quòd non internoſcerent, quid demonſtrationi foret obnoxium, & quid contrà à <lb></lb>demonſtratione abhorreret: verùm, quia quicquid conſtituit & accepit, ita diſpoſuit, vt cuique <lb></lb>redderet id quod ſuum eſt, & ratione vſus fuerit, vbi ratio quæreretur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem acri aut <lb></lb>leui pro rei tractandæ <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>: quicquid ſine ratione aſſumendum fuerat vel quod eſſet cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg112"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſa, vel quòd alio quodammodo noteſceret, prout de principiis anteà dictum eſt, tamen non ſine <lb></lb>valida ratione pronunciarit, quòd afferre potuit rationem ex illo habitu, qui pertinet ad modos <lb></lb>ſciendi ductam, qua commotus hoc cum ratione, illud verò ſine ratione acceperit. </s> <s>Igitur non <lb></lb>ſine valida ratione locutus eſt Ariſtoteles; ſiue ex propriis ipſius rei principiis duceretur, ſiue ex <lb></lb>altero habitu, cuius eſt tractare modos ſciendi. </s> <s>Non erit item alienum ab habitus huiuſce prin<lb></lb>cipiis, ſi & hoc adiiciamus, quod frequentiſsimè ſolet à phyſicis vſurpari. </s> <s>Vnumquoque .ſ. im<lb></lb>petrare ſuam appellationem ab actu. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>k<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Non eſt hoc noſtrum conſilium de nominum vi diſſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg113"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rere, ſed illa afferre in medio quæ pertinent ad propoſitionis huiuſce notitiam. </s> <s>Scire igitur li<lb></lb>cet ea quæ nominibus ſignificantur, ad hæc capita referri, formas, <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, motiones & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>l<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> dubium eſt nomen primum ſignificare formam, quoniam verò forma finis eſt vniuerſæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg114"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motionis, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt eſſentia tota, quæ comprehendit materiam quæ cadit in mentem, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>autem hæc principia definitione euoluuntur. </s> <s>ſi idem ſignificant nomen & definitio; profectò <lb></lb>nomen ſic formam ſignificabit, vt vniuerſam notet eſſentiam. </s> <s>tamen quae in eſſentia primæ ſunt <pb pagenum="12"></pb>eius partis, quæ finis eſt totius motionis; ideò nominis notio reſoluetur in formam ſimpliciter. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg115"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Itaque cum cætera per formam ſignificentur, & vt reſpiciunt formam quæ item eſt finis, rectè <lb></lb>dicitur <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> à forma & fine ſuum nomen ſumere. </s> <s>Quapropter animal animam quę <lb></lb>forma eſt, præcipuè ſignificat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Signo illud eſt, quòd non prius animal appellatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> acceſſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg116"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rit anima, ſed embryon, aut ſemen. </s> <s>imò non ex forma ſimpliciter ducitur nomen, ſed vbi iam ex<lb></lb>tirit actus ſecundus, id Ariſtotele docentes 5. de Gen. anim. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in arte contingit, quan<lb></lb>do non prius appellatur ſcamnum, quàm ipſi <expan abbr="extremã">extremam</expan> <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> artifex impoſuerit, ſed lignum, <lb></lb>proximè nomen ſignificat <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, & pari quidem ratione in natura & arte. </s> <s>Et rationi <expan abbr="cõ-ſentaneum">con<lb></lb>ſentaneum</expan> eſt ens (vtar <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> liberius hac voce, quàm politiores hactenus declinarunt, quia lege<lb></lb>rim eam à C. Iulio Cæſare fuiſſe receptam) ens, inquàm, primùm ſignificare ſubſtantiam, <lb></lb>& inter ſubſtantiæ parteis ipſam formam, ob eam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, quam nuper attulimus, quòd tum ve<lb></lb>rè <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ſit non animal. </s> <s>aut equus, ſed ens ſimpliciter, vbi formam obtinuerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́ue">Conſimilique</expan> <lb></lb>modo reliqua prædicamenta dicimus primùm notare formam, tum deinde compoſitum. </s> <s>poſ<lb></lb>ſumus item nominationis huiuſce originem altius aliquantò repetere, vim prædicamentorum <lb></lb>ſpectantes: quippe quae duas habitudines præſeferant: alteram, qua ſubiecta reſpiciunt, in quo<lb></lb>rum ratione inſunt: atque alteram, qua ſubſtantia concipitur. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola qualitas hac voce <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg117"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>notatur, ſed ſubſtantia qualis: ſiquidem accidens ab Ariſtotele ponatur inſeparabile, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec ens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg118"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſed ens aliquid, vel aliquo modo & velut aliud quid exiſtens, quia videlicet non ſit <lb></lb>albedo, ſed album quod eſt ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Vt igitur quantum & quale ſunt talia propter formam: <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>nomen ſignificat primo formam accidentis, deinde compoſitum in ſuo <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> genere <lb></lb>(conſtat enim ſingula prædicamenta ex poteſtate & actu proportione) <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic etiam, vt entia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg119"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ reſpiciunt <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, probabile eſt ita dici propter formam, quia ſic dicuntur propter ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam, hæc verò eſt ens propter formam. </s> <s>Ab eadem forma dicitur quoque compoſitum, <lb></lb>vt efficiens. (Nam compoſitum eſſe id quod efficit propriè, docebitur in progreſſu) ſi vniuo<lb></lb>cum fuerit, vt pleraque eſſe ſolent, de quibus regulæ traduntur in methodis: tum quòd habet <lb></lb>in ſeipſo formam per quam agit, tum quia gratia formæ operatur, & efficiendo tribuit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Materia quoque aſſecuta eſt appellationem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> à forma; quandoquidem talis poteſtate dicitur, <lb></lb>quale eſt actu <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, in quo ineſt forma, vt poteſtate <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, poteſtate <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, & quale. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atque hoc quidem in natura & arte commune eſt, licèt efficientis denominatio non <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſem<lb></lb>per modo procedat, vt mox apparebit. </s> <s>Etenim libet prius ordinis noſtri cauſſam reddere, ne vi<lb></lb>deamur cum Ariſtotele pugnare. </s> <s>quandò nos materiam efficienti poſtpoſuimus & compoſito, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg120"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſimulq́">ſimulque</expan>. </s> <s>compoſitum cum efficiente collocauimus. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles autem proximè à forma poſuit <lb></lb>materiam, in extremo verò recenſuit efficiens. </s> <s>Atqui nos ordinem nominationis ſpectauimus <lb></lb>& efficiens cum compoſito numerauimus, vt partem eius. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles autem in phyſicis ordi<lb></lb>nem principij reſpiciens, quia materia foret <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, compoſito ipſam præpoſuit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in prima <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg121"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò philoſophia motui ſubiecit efficiens, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia cætera ad rei conſtitutionem pertinerent mul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg122"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tò interius; efficiens externum eſſet, & à rei ſubſtantia remotum. </s> <s>Reſtat vnus motus qui com<lb></lb>plectitur <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> & interitum <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> item ab Ariſtotele demonſtratur <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> à fine in natura <expan abbr="nũcupationẽ">nuncupationem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg123"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſumere. </s> <s>tametſi aliter in arte ac natura <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> contingat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> (neque enim id perpetuum pu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg124"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>to, vt nonnulli, neque id in Ariſtotelici contextus explanatione neceſſarium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id neceſſariò <lb></lb>monſtrant verba ipſius Ariſtotelis) ſiquidem in arte nominatio motus ab efficiente <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> <lb></lb>ſumatur; in natura non ab efficiente; ſed, vt reliqua, à fine. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="vtcunq.">vtcunque</expan> ſe res habeat, cauſ<lb></lb>ſam libet indagare, cur ab efficiente, non à fine motus in arte qui eſt effectio, nuncupetur, præci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg125"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>puè propter Auerroëm qui lib. 4. Collectaneorum rationem quandam reddit, ex nobiliore lo<lb></lb>co, vt potè è 2. Phyſ. repetitam cui plurimum tribuit. </s> <s>Ea verò talis eſt. </s> <s>Motum ſumere no<lb></lb>men ab eo, cum quo magis conuenit genere. </s> <s>Sed motus in arte cum genere efficientis conue<lb></lb>nit magis. </s> <s>Et motus igitur in arte ſumit nomen ab efficiente. </s> <s>Nunc explicandum eſt, quem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg126"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodum effectio cum genere efficientis potius quàm materiæ, ſeu formæ conueniat: quandò <lb></lb>terminetur forma, & ab ea tanquam <expan abbr="cõplemento">complemento</expan> contineatur & materia fundetur, in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>per<lb></lb>ducatur ad ſummum, ab efficiente verò ſegregetur. </s> <s>& videndum quid verba ſonent Auerrois. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cauſſæ <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> eius differentiæ ſolent afferri; <expan abbr="variiſq.">variiſque</expan> modis Auerrois verba capiuntur ab eius <lb></lb>patronis. </s> <s>etenim <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ait id ab Auerroë non fuiſſe verè aſſeueratum motus ab arte factos eſſe <lb></lb>ex eodem genere cum efficientibus, quo enim pacto medicatio & ædificatio ſunt eiuſdem gene<lb></lb>ris cum medico & ædificatore? </s> <s>ſiquidem medicus & ædificator, ſeu medicina & ars ædificandi <lb></lb>ſint habitus: medicatio verò & ædificatio ſint paſsiones (& hîc etiam liceat ea voce vti, quam <lb></lb>M. Varro non eſt aſpernatus) vbi pro forma fluente ſumantur: intellige nunc formam fluen<lb></lb>tem eam quæ ab imperfecto ad perfectum promouetur, vt albedinem ſecundi gradus quæ ad <lb></lb>quartum eſt deducenda. </s> <s>proptereà ſubiunxiſſe Auerroëm, aut ſaltem ita videri. </s> <s>Verùm eſto id. <lb></lb></s> <s>At oportebat etiam reddere cauſſam, cur ita videretur. </s> <s>Itaque alij Diui Thomę explanationem <pb pagenum="13"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg127"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>approbantes putant ſpectari ab Auerroë motionem ab arte factam; tum verò eſt effectio quæ<lb></lb>dam <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione magis eſt affinis efficientis quàm formę; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ab efficiente nuncupationem <lb></lb>ſumit. </s> <s>atqui generatio quę eſt opus naturæ, eſt affectio & paſsio, quæ noteſcit ex termino ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb>i. </s> <s>quo motio finitur. </s> <s>Veruntamen quia tam in arte quàm in natura idem re ſunt, <expan abbr="rationeq́">rationeque</expan>. </s> <s>ſola <lb></lb>actio & paſsio diſiunguntur; ex hoc efficitur, vt nullum nominationis diſcrimen intercedere de<lb></lb>beat inter motus naturales & eos qui fiunt ab arte. </s> <s>Obſeruant alij formas artis à formis natu<lb></lb>ræ diſcrepare, quòd in artis materia nulla poteſtas eſt formæ efficiendæ, neque perfecta, neque <lb></lb>imperfecta: formis verò naturalibus poteſtates in materia ſupponitur. </s> <s>Idcirco quoniam forma <lb></lb>artis tota naſcitur ab externo, & proinde motus eius naturalis forma non item, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem ne<lb></lb>que generatio forma artis eſt magis è genere efficientis: contrà verò forma naturalis ex genere <lb></lb>finis. </s> <s>proptereà motio quæ fit ab arte, nuncupatur ab efficiente, à fine verò motio naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et ſanè proximè accedit ad verum hæc explicatio. </s> <s>niſi quòd genus videtur acceptum fuiſſe li<lb></lb>centius. </s> <s>Neque enim mouens & motus in genere conueniunt, vt dictum eſt. </s> <s>Et eſſentia motus <lb></lb>magis termino ad quem, quàm efficiente completur, vt aliàs oſtendemus. </s> <s>Alij nectunt alias <lb></lb>cauſſas, atque illas quidem ſatis iuſtas, quia ſcilicet efficiens naturale conuenit in nomine cum re <lb></lb>facienda, artifex verò minimè. </s> <s>hinc fit, vt nomen motus in arte diuerſum queat accipi à nomine <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg128"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finis, in natura non item. </s> <s>Verum monſtrat id licere tantummodo, non tamen docet, cur non <lb></lb>accipiatur à fine: quando etiam motus illius eſſentia fine completur. </s> <s>debuit enim ſic efficere no<lb></lb>menclator; vt cùm ſuccurreret finis, vnde nominatio ſumeretur in arte, imitando naturam, à fine <lb></lb>pariter motum nuncuparet. </s> <s>Poſtrema cauſſa, quia mouens in arte conſpicuum eſt ſingulare & <lb></lb>ſenſile: naturale autem ſubſtantia quæ inſenſilis eſt. </s> <s>illud eſt notum; hoc ignotum: à notiore <lb></lb>verò nominatio ſumitur. </s> <s>At qui hæc profitetur, non videt etiam formam, à qua nuncupatur mo<lb></lb>tus, eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>inſenſilem eſſe & ignotam, vt ergo ab efficiente ignoto non erat acci<lb></lb>pienda nuncupatio: ſic neque à fine, quòd eſſet ignotus. </s> <s>Neque perſpicit is, qui hæc dicit, eo<lb></lb>dem modo eſſe ſingulare & ſenſile efficiens in natura ſicut in arte. </s> <s>Prætereà, ſi hæc cum Auer<lb></lb>roë dicuntur; niſi turpem repugnantiam inter eius ſententias, quod iſti nefas arbitrantur, incul<lb></lb>care velint, ea legant quæ idem auctor ſcripſit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi reſtatur ſe cauſſam hanc in phyſicis expli<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg129"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>caſſe, talem eſſe docet; quaſi ſit eadem quam modo tractamus. </s> <s>“quòd permutatio eſt ge<lb></lb>nus rei, ad quam permutatur virtus: & hæc eſt contrarium pluſquam genus rei ad quam permu<lb></lb>tatur. </s> <s>virtus <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> in eis eſt manifeſta magis, quàm in ea, à qua fit permutatio.” Modò videant iſti, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg130"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>num hęc congruant cum iis, quæ narrantur è 2. Phyſ. tùm etiam cum cauſsis ante allatis. </s> <s>Equi<lb></lb>dem, vt fateor in his verbis, aut nullam contineri ſententiam, aut eam maximè latêre; vt etiam cer<lb></lb>tò credo nihil hęc conuenire cum iis, quæ ſcribuntur 2. Phyſ. ſic opinor vera ſenſiſſe Auerroem <lb></lb>& tralatorum culpa loca hæc fuiſſe conſpurcata; <expan abbr="faxitq́">faxitque</expan>. </s> <s>Deus, ne alia permulta in tam graui ſcri<lb></lb>ptore ſint hiſce conſimilia, ne tantam iacturam philoſophi facerent. </s> <s>hæc certè talia ſunt, vt nullus <lb></lb>fortè ſenſus ex eius verbis elici valeat. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ij, quos ego viderim, nihil afferant quo ſatis <lb></lb>commodè tueantur Auerroëm; nec eius ſententiam fortè aſſequantur; audeo quoque dicere, <lb></lb>neque liceat vllam colligere; auguremur hîc nos; & ſimul cauſſam diſcriminis illius denomina<lb></lb>tionum certiorem conemur afferre; & cum verbis Auerrois componere ſtudeamus. </s> <s>Mihi au<lb></lb>tem videtur eiuſmodi varietatis cauſſam ex Philopono colligi poſſe quæ nititur duobus funda<lb></lb>mentis; & primo quidem. </s> <s>Artificem non facere ſibi ſimile, quemadmodum facit natura. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem finis & efficiens idem nomen non habent in arte, ſicut habent in natura. </s> <s>Deinde <lb></lb>verò. </s> <s>In arte efficiens apparêre, & eſſe conſpicuum; finem verò non extare. </s> <s>quod euenire puto <lb></lb>in medicina; cum ſit ex eo genere artium, quę coniectura vtuntur, in quarum poteſtate finis non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg131"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt poſitus, & ſæpe fallit (loquor nunc de fine motionis, non autem de propoſito, quod eſt in <lb></lb>mente artificis: etenim hic ſemper obiicitur; & initium eſt vniuerſarum actionum, nec fallit vn<lb></lb>quam.) Ex his efficitur, vt nomen motionis in arte poſsit ſumi diuerſum à nomine finis, & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>ab efficiente tanquam noto deduci. </s> <s>Fortè igitur hęc, vt Gręcorum fuit expreſſor Auerroës, ſi<lb></lb>gnificare volebat, quæ nos locum lapſus aliis iudicantes, audacius. </s> <s>nunc veritatis ergo immuta<lb></lb>uimus. </s> <s>Nam quod dicitur, permutationem eſſe genus rei, ad quam virtus permutatur, genus <lb></lb>exponimus, quòd habeat cognationem, ac virtutem <foreign lang="grc">δύναμιν</foreign> .i. poteſtatem materiæ ſignificari di<lb></lb>cimus: cognationem verò dicimus eſſe permutationis cum forma, ad quam materia tendit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Virtus eſt contrarium magis quàm genus rei, ad quam virtus permutatur. </s> <s>Vir<lb></lb>tutem hîc eodem nomine <foreign lang="grc">δύναμιν</foreign> intelligo facultatem efficiendi, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quam ſtatuo magis contra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg132"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rium, hoc eſt, diuerſum, quam genus rei, ad quam virtus, quę eſt materia, permutatur .i. </s> <s>quam for<lb></lb>ma & finis; vbi noto diſcrimen inter finem & formam in arte, de quo dictum eſt ſupra, & hanc <lb></lb>virtutem notiorem eſſe fateor, quàm eam, in quam fit permutatio, quæ eſt finis. </s> <s>Sic paucis voci<lb></lb>bus immutatis colligo ſenſum è verbis Auerrois, quem item <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> arbitror in 2. Phyſ. & quod <lb></lb>dicitur tanquam per diſiunctionem prolatum, aut famoſum, atque exponitur, quia ſic videatur; <pb pagenum="14"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg133"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id ego credo ſignificari, quod dictum eſt, eſſe notius efficiens, quàm finem & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in artificiis. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg134"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Tu nunc boni conſule. </s> <s>Quicquid tamen ſit; ab efficiente tanquam ab actu nominatio petitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fuit hoc item in phyſiologia præceptum Ariſtotelis, vt illa veluti <expan abbr="fundamẽta">fundamenta</expan> acciperentur <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg135"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in omnibus naturæ operibus eodem modo ſe haberent; quod item non modo à cęteris phyſicis <lb></lb>in hac methodo vſurpatum fuiſſe ſuſpicari poſſumus; verum etiam ab ipſomet Ariſtotele ſine vl<lb></lb>la intermiſsione obſeruatum fuiſſe; cuiuſmodi illud eſt. </s> <s>Naturam nihil efficere, quod fruſtra <lb></lb>ſit; eandem niti in id, quod optimum eſt, de quibus poſthàc ſermo habendus erit; eiuſmodi ta<lb></lb>men, vt ab his de cęteris debeat accipi fides, tot enim de principiis, quæ ad modum ſciendi perti<lb></lb>nent, dicta ſufficiant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg73"></margin.target>d 2. De <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽp">temp</expan>. </s> <s>cap. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg74"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg75"></margin.target>e 1. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg76"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg77"></margin.target>f Lib. ad<lb></lb>uerſus pla<lb></lb>cita phil. <lb></lb></s> <s>cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg78"></margin.target>g 2. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. 34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg79"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg80"></margin.target>a 2. De <lb></lb>An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg81"></margin.target>b 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg82"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg83"></margin.target>c 1. De or<lb></lb>tu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg84"></margin.target>d 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg85"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg86"></margin.target>e 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg87"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg88"></margin.target>f 2. De <lb></lb>An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg89"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg90"></margin.target>a Iand. 1. <lb></lb>de An. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> <lb></lb>10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg91"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg92"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg93"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>C. de vni<lb></lb>uerſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg94"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg95"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg96"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg97"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg98"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg99"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg100"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg101"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 41. 50.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg102"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 35.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg103"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>ſenſu c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg104"></margin.target>d 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg105"></margin.target>e Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg106"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg107"></margin.target>f 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 42.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg108"></margin.target>g 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg109"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg110"></margin.target>h 2. De ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>al. </s> <s>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg111"></margin.target>i 2. de or<lb></lb>tu T. 42.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg112"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg113"></margin.target>k 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 10. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg114"></margin.target>l 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg115"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg116"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg117"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg118"></margin.target>b 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 14 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg119"></margin.target>c 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>1. de an. <lb></lb>T. 78.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg120"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg121"></margin.target>d 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg122"></margin.target>e 5. Met. <lb></lb>Cap. </s> <s>de na<lb></lb>tura.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg123"></margin.target>f 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg124"></margin.target>g 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg125"></margin.target>Cap. </s> <s>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg126"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg127"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg128"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg129"></margin.target>a Coll. e. 1. <lb></lb>4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg130"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg131"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg132"></margin.target>b De cęlo <lb></lb>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg133"></margin.target>VII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg134"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg135"></margin.target>a Libr. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>inceſ. an. <lb></lb></s> <s>cap. 2.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggredimur ſcientiæ principia, è quibus nonnulla conſimiliter adumbrantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SVCCEDVNT nunc ſcientiæ principia, quę nos item iam cum acceptis concordantia ſume<lb></lb>mus; quippe quod vno ſenſu niti contendimus, & huc omnia referri volumus in hac me<lb></lb>thodo: neque hęc munera tranſibimus, tametſi nouimus eſſe complura quę noſtra placita fun<lb></lb>ditus tollant, & euertant planè phyſica fundamenta.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg136"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg136"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nos hîc phyſicum agimus, & cauſſas reddere conamur problematum quæ renitenti perſua<lb></lb>dere ſenſu poſsimus: quicquid his cancellis excluditur, ſublimiori philoſopho delegamus, & <lb></lb>agnoſcentes quàm parùm opibus humani iudicij freti valeamus, admiranda Dei O. M. opera con<lb></lb>templantes vni & ſoli, conditori, motori, conſeruatori, rerum vniuerſarum creatori maximas gra<lb></lb>tias agimus & habemus. </s> <s>His ſtantibus quæ conuelli nefas eſt de re propoſita dicere aggredia<lb></lb>mur primùm communiora tractantes, mox ad ſpecialia deſcendentes. </s> <s>Neque hîc expectandum <lb></lb>eſt, vt omnia generalia numerentur. </s> <s>Nos ea tantum recenſebimus quæ aliquam declarationem <lb></lb>requirunt, quæ verò in omni ſcientiarum ordine certa & explorata ſunt, vt auditoris mentem <lb></lb>nullo modo torqueant, de induſtria præteribimus, & ea potiſsimè conſectabimur quæ non di<lb></lb>cam maioris ponderis, aut vſus erunt; ſed quorum maior affinitas erit cum rebus naturalibus. </s> <s></s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg137"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Inter hæc autem illud placet eſſe primum. </s> <s>Omne ens eſſe ſubſtantiam vel accidens, ita vt nulla <lb></lb>ſit res quæ inter ſubſtantiam & accidens intercedat & indicabimus quemadmodum hæc diſtri<lb></lb>butio per omnia pertineat quæ in rerum vniuerſitate exiſtunt, ſiue animum reſpiciant, ſeu cor<lb></lb>pus. </s> <s>In primis autem in hac rudi & inchoata notitia quam modò perſequimur. </s> <s>Ens quod per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg138"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſum ſeſe inſinuat, iudicari putamus. </s> <s>itaque ſubſtantiam ſenſilem quæ ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>conflata eſt & accidens quod illi inhęret & nouem prędicamenta complectitur, ea partitione <lb></lb>comprehendi volumus, quidquid pręter hæc exiſtit, non vt notum nobis & vt principium ſta<lb></lb>tuetur; quippe quod longa commentatione opus ſit, ad inueniendum aliud ſubſtantiæ genus vl<lb></lb>tra ſenſilem. </s> <s>Verùm quicquid in rerum natura extat, quicquid item in noſtram cogitationem <lb></lb>cadit, ad hæc duo capita refertur. </s> <s>Neque enim nos induci poſſumus, vt aliter cogitemus, quàm <lb></lb>quòd quodcunque eſt, ſit ſubiectum, aut in ſubiecto. </s> <s>Itaque quod concipitur, tametſi non eſt <lb></lb>ſubſtantia ſenſilis, aut accidens; nihilominus affert nobis notionem ſubſtantiæ vel accidentis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et planè ratio cogit vt credamus omne quod eſt generatim aut ſubiectum eſſe, aut in ſubiecto, <lb></lb>aut ſaltem hoſce ipſius eſſe modos imitari. </s> <s>En tibi Deum; hunc philoſophia demonſtrat vnum <lb></lb>eſſe atque adeò ſimpliciſsimum, nihil in ſeipſo habens quod ab ipſo ſegregetur. </s> <s>Itaque nullius <lb></lb>ſubiectum, in eo nihil. </s> <s>Et tamen harum rerum nobis familiarium exemplo ducta mens noſtra <lb></lb>Deum concipit, & ita cogitat ac ſi quidpiam in illo inſit, quamuis nullis ſubiiciatur <expan abbr="accidẽtibus">accidentibus</expan>, <lb></lb>à ſenſuum conſuetudine ſe reuocare non valens. </s> <s>Ergo ens etiam, quodcunque ſit, aut eſt acci<lb></lb>dens, aut ſubſtantia, aut per modum accidentis ſubſtantiæúe comprehenditur: & vt comprehen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg139"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ditur, ita eiſdem figuræ dictionibus exprimitur. </s> <s>Quare audis aliquando Deum <foreign lang="grc">ὑπερούσιον</foreign>, & vl<lb></lb>tra ſubſtantiam, & tamen explicas nomine quo ſubſtantiæ modus exprimitur; dicis nonnulla eſ<lb></lb>ſe ad aliquid (vt vulgò fertur) ſecundum famam, & ſecundum dici: ſic illas eſſe non re vera qua<lb></lb>litates, ſed ita modo qualitatis ipſius proprio notari. </s> <s>Neque obſtat id quod Scotus opponit, ali<lb></lb>quid obiici menti noſtrę quod ignoremus ſubſtantia'ne ſit, an accidens, vt de natura luminis op<lb></lb>poni ſolet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> etſi ignorauero vtrum ſit diſtinctè; non tamen aliam habebo notionem quam <lb></lb>quòd ſubiectum ſit, aut in ſubiecto, nec vt quiddam ab hiſce notionibus alienum vllo tempore <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg140"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cogitabo. </s> <s>Opponet aliquis ſpecies rerum quæ ſunt in anima: neque enim ſunt ſubſtantiæ, cùm <lb></lb>ſint in aliquo; neque ſunt accidentia, aut formæ quæ in ſubiecto inſideant quippe quòd ab hoc <lb></lb>inhęrentium genere ſubiectum nuncupari conſuerit, vt ab albedine album: atqui non albus ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg141"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus nominatur. </s> <s>Tùm ſecundò Differentiæ non ſunt ſubſtantię: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eædem prædicantur vniuocè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg142"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de ſubſtantia: quare neque item ſunt accidentia. </s> <s>Tertiò omnia prędicamenta cùm ſubſtantia, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg143"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tùm quoque accidentia prædicantur in quid eſt. </s> <s>Sed accidens quod à reliquis vniuerſalibus di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg144"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtinguitur, de nullo prędicatur in quid: non igitur ſubſtantia vel accidens. </s> <s>At quod ad ſpecies <pb pagenum="15"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg145"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>attinet; ille qui negat eas eſſe accidentia, ſpeciei naturam ignorare videtur. </s> <s>Nam ſiue ſit ſenſi<lb></lb>lis, ſeu talis, quę mente concipienda ſit, eſt actus quidam ſubſtantiæ cuiuſpiam à forma defluens, <lb></lb>& aduentitiè: inhærens, vt in aëre lumen à lucido corpore emiſſum. </s> <s>Sic in animo ſpecies, & ſi<lb></lb>mulachra ſe habent. </s> <s>Itaque docet Ariſtoteles, has ſpecies in ſanguine & ſpiritu inſidere, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg146"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menti offerre res à quibus emittuntur vt lumen ſolem nobis oſtendit à quo effunditur. </s> <s>Idcirco <lb></lb>geminam rationem & vim ſpecies obtinent: alteram qua ſunt habitus, & ita qualitates, atque <lb></lb>alteram, qua ſunt ſimilitudines & reſpectus, ſiue habitudines, qua referunt obiecta. </s> <s>Sunt igitur <lb></lb>ſpecies accidentia. </s> <s>Neque ita abſurdum eſt à ſpecie facultates animi nominari, quin viſio co<lb></lb>lorata dicatur, & animus fieri leo & equus; ſicut manus cum enſe fit enſis & cum calamo cala<lb></lb>mus: ex quo etiam dicitur forma formarum ſic vt manus organus organorum. </s> <s>Differentiæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg147"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quoque ad alterum ex his membris neceſſariò referuntur: ac ſi quo pacto media ſint habendæ <lb></lb>inter accidens & ſubſtantiam, ſic ſtatuendum eſt eas non per vtriuſque extremi negationem, <lb></lb>ſed participationem potius eiuſmodi eſſe. </s> <s>Nam cùm in prædicamentis inſit ratio duplex; al<lb></lb>tera quidem, qua rerum natura conſtituitur; vnde earum formas proprias, & communes ordi<lb></lb>ne quodam proponunt; altera verò qua formas illas voce declarant, & certa loquendi for<lb></lb>mula ſignificant. </s> <s>Si rem ſpectes differentia prorſus eſt ſubſtantia: ſi verò modum aduertas, quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg148"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>voce exprimitur, imitatur qualitatem. </s> <s>Non eſt enim in ſubiecto differentia, ſed dicitur <lb></lb>de ſubiecto; ſubſtat etiam: quandò aliqua ipſam conſequuntur & peream pertinent ad ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam compoſitam: quamobrem eſt ſubiectum, quòd primò excipit & pars eius quod de<lb></lb>nominatur. </s> <s>Etenim notio ſubſtantiæ vtrunque ſubiecti genus amplectitur. </s> <s>ſiquidem ani<lb></lb>mus ſit ſubiectum, & corpus itidem in quo eſt animus. </s> <s>Id verò, quòd accidens à Porphy<lb></lb>rio deſcriptum ab illo accidente ſeparetur, quod in entis diuiſione accipimus non prohi<lb></lb>bet, quominus afferat aliquam notionem ex his quæ in ſubſtantia, vel accidente continentur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg149"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nanque accidens, vt eſt aliquid ſubſtantię, & vt ſubſtantia ſic affecta; ſic etiam imaginem ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ retinet, & eius aliqua veſtigia quaſi fingit, & imitatur. </s> <s>Ex his aſſequutum eſt, vt prædi<lb></lb>cetur in quid, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ſit ratio ſuſcipiendi nonnullas proprietates. </s> <s>Itaque quantum eſt eſſentia li<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg150"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neæ; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>finitatis ſubiectum & æqualitatis particeps; quapropter omnia propter quantum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg151"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finita vel infinita dicuntur. </s> <s>referunt ergo ſubſtantiæ notionem. </s> <s>neque id, quod ita ineſt in acci<lb></lb>dente, ineſt àc ſi foret accidens. </s> <s>quî enim cogitari poteſt aliquod accidens in altero, vt in acciden<lb></lb>te inſidere? </s> <s>ſemper enim mens illud veſtigaret, cui inſidet; & in infinitum producta non habe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg152"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret vbi ſiſtere valeret. </s> <s>Sed ſic inhęret, vt in ſubiecto: atque iam hoc notionem ſubſtantię præ<lb></lb>ſefert. </s> <s>tametſi moneo in ea notione accidentis vnà notionem ſubſtantiæ concipi, & ita cogitari <lb></lb>quantum eſſe finitatis ſubiectum: quaſi ſubiectum ſit ſubſtantia quanta notionem accidentis ſe<lb></lb>paratam non eſſe perpetuò defendens, ſed incomplexam quidem, quia ſit vna notio accidentis <lb></lb>cum ſubſtantia; ac ſi denominatum aliquod cogitemus. </s> <s>Tum verò eſt accidens, & ita definitur <lb></lb>à Porphyrio, & in Topicis; quatenus ad aliud refertur, ſine quò ſanè non exiſtat, ſed eſſentiali vin<lb></lb>culo non iungatur. </s> <s>Non igitur re, ſed modo & habitudine accidens à cęteris vniuerſalibus ſepa<lb></lb>ratur, & ab ipſis prædicamentis. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt nulla notio ſit quæ fugiat alterutram notionem ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ vel accidentis. </s> <s>multò minus aliqua res excluditur illa partitione: quod vereor ne dare <lb></lb>cogantur ij, qui elementorum formas intendi & remitti volunt; quia <expan abbr="mediã">mediam</expan> vim obtineant inter <lb></lb>accidens & ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Et profectò notio formę ſemper eſt, vt ſubſtantiæ, cùm ipſa multa ſu<lb></lb>ſtineat, quæ compoſito impertit. </s> <s>Atqui dices, ita imperfecta eſt, vt accidenti conſimilis eſſe vi<lb></lb>deatur. </s> <s>At non eſt hoc alterius extremi naturam participare, & ſubiacere conditionibus acci<lb></lb>dentis; ſed in genere ſubſtantię contineri, & vim retinere ſubſtantiæ; ſed eam defetiſcentem, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg153"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>imbecillem, conditiones eiuſdem, licet infimo quodam modo, accipientem. </s> <s>Quare medium <lb></lb>non admittunt accidens & ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Verumenimuero accidens in nouem genera diſtribui<lb></lb>tur; quod item in omni ſcientia, arte, & methodo recipitur, vt perſpicuum. </s> <s>Nam luſtranti quot <lb></lb>modis res in mentem noſtram, ſeu rectius dixerim, ſubſtantiæ cadere queant, & quot modis voce <lb></lb>explicari, & alteri ſignificari poſsint, hi decem ſoli occurrant. </s> <s>Itaque & dialecticus hæc decem <lb></lb>principia rerum accipit, & moralis, & philoſophi omnes, quorum ſingulis vnum par attribuunt <lb></lb>contrariorum. </s> <s>Id quod inde arbitror colligi, quia genus eſt vnumquodque ex his principiis <lb></lb>quæ prędicamenta dicuntur; genus autem præſefert quiddam quod ſecari poſsit in oppoſitas <lb></lb>differentias. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nunc differentia perfectè, ideſt, per extrema interualla ſunt ipſa prima contraria: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg154"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in vnoquoque genere igitur ſunt prima contraria; perfectè verò differentia monſtrat inductio, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt album & nigrum, dulce & amarum, rationis compos, & impos, æquale & inęquale. </s> <s>Porrò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg155"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prima contraria cùm bifariam ſumi poſsint vel ſecundum rationem, vel ſecundum rem, ac ſecun<lb></lb>dum rationem quidem forma & priuatio quæ maximo diſtant interuallo, vt nihil longinquius <lb></lb>in ordine rerum mens concipere queat, nec quicquam ſit, quod minus alterutrius naturę ſit par<lb></lb>ticeps quàm eſſe & non eſſe, ſunt verò ſecundum rationem, quòd conſiſtunt terminis, quibus <pb pagenum="16"></pb>nihil eſt <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> vniuocum, ente .ſ. </s> <s>& non ente ſecundum <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> verò oppoſita poſitiuè: nanque tali <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg156"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quodam oppoſito ſemper priuatio nititur, ea verò ſemper ſunt aut in eodem genere, aut diuer<lb></lb>ſorum generum, aut ipſa diuerſa genera, ſemper tamen in eodem prædicamento. </s> <s>illa nos hic <lb></lb>accipimus, quæ ſunt prima ſecundum rationem, quæ duo in vnoquoque genere prima defendi<lb></lb>mus: & cùm genus, vel vt prædicatum in quid, vel vt ſubiectum conſiderari poſsit, cùm ex illis <lb></lb>item duplex contrariorum genus exiſtat; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex primo quod appellatur ſecundum formam, expo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg157"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſteriore quod ſecundum materiam; hoc quidem quod præſefert aliquam viciſsitudinem, illud <lb></lb>verò immutabile: & ſecundum rationem quoque in vtroque prima contraria formam, & pri<lb></lb>uationem eſſe dicimus, cùm ſecundum rem multa ipſorum paria poſsint exiſtere. </s> <s>hinc eiuſdem <lb></lb>generis multæ oppoſitæ differentiæ quarum nullus eſt ordo; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> veruntamen omnes reſoluuntur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg158"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in contradictionem, vel oppoſitionem habitus & priuationis, vt rationis particeps, & brutum, <lb></lb>in brutum, & non brutum, rationis particeps, & non. </s> <s>Ob eamque rem acceptum eſt ſine pro<lb></lb>batione ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>In vno genere vnum eſſe par contrariorum primum. </s> <s>Hæc, tametſi pri<lb></lb>mum reſpiciunt genus, quod prędicatur, ſiue pertinent ad genus, quod eſt vt ſubiectum & ma<lb></lb>teria; reſpiciunt quoque facultates, vt ſcientiam & medicinam; quòd ea ſit obiecti cuiuſpiam, <lb></lb>in quo contraria exiſtunt: nimirum corporis humani, quod capax eſt bonæ <expan abbr="malęq́">malęque</expan>. </s> <s>valetudinis. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg159"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Vnum verò contraria non eſſe docemur ex vi terminorum: ſiquidem contraria contineant ha<lb></lb>bitudinem quæ non conſiſtit in vno: non eſſe verò plura quàm duo ratio conuincit & ſi obijci<lb></lb>tur virtus & medium quæ duobus vitijs & extremis aduerſantur: nam contrarietas, vt ſic dixe<lb></lb>rim, eſt maxima differentia; ſi maxima perfecta, ſi perfecta finita: quapropter extra illam nihil <lb></lb>accipi poteſt. </s> <s>Ergo duo ſunt ſolum ipſa contraria; aliter vltra extremum aliquid eſſet. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>cogitare oportet contraria continere ſpatium quoddam: veluti terminos, quod indicat ſenſus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Omnis autem vnius ſpatij terminati duo ſunt termini non plures: aut enim termini non eſſent <lb></lb>intra illos; & ſic contraria non maximè diſtarent: aut illi termini non eſſet; proinde neque con<lb></lb>traria, ſi qua maior eſſet diſtantia. </s> <s>Duo ſunt igitur extrema. </s> <s>Ergo & omnis contrarietatis, hęc <lb></lb>verò contraria ſunt. </s> <s>Nec obſtant medium & virtus. </s> <s>nam medium non opponitur extremis vt <lb></lb>contrarium, ſed vt ad aliquid: & virtus opponitur vitijs, vt moderatum immoderato, vel vt bo<lb></lb>num malo: nunc mali & immoderati duę ſunt ſpecies plus & minus ex quo exiſtunt vitia. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>redeo ad illa. </s> <s>Quicquid eſt, eſſe ſubſtantiam vel accidens. </s> <s>eodem quoque gradu procedunt <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ partes & accidentis: ſiquidem partes accidentia accidentia ſint, & qualitatis qualita<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg160"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes, quanti quanta, & cęterorum omnium partes pro ratione. </s> <s>Quamquam nonnulli ſubſtantię <lb></lb>partes in dubium reuocarunt; & rationibus quibuſdam colligere voluerunt partes <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg161"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non eſſe ſubſtantias, eorum ergo rationes diluere placet, ne fortè nos poſtea perturbet. </s> <s>In primis <lb></lb>illi accipiunt. </s> <s>In quibuſcunque finis aliquis eſt, huius gratia agitur quod prius eſt, <expan abbr="quodq́">quodque</expan>. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>ſequitur. </s> <s>Sed animata corpora fiunt è ſimplicibus & prorſus inanimis. </s> <s>Ergo ſimplicia & inani<lb></lb>ma animatorum gratia ſunt. </s> <s>Itaque illorum forma; ſiquidem finis & forma idem ſint potiſsi<lb></lb>mè in habentibus animam. </s> <s>Signo etiam eſſe poteſt: nanque vbi ſeparentur à toto animato, non <lb></lb>amplius eandem ſeruant rationem, ſed ambiguè talia ſunt, nec digitus amputatus amplius digi<lb></lb>tus appellatur. </s> <s>Deinde mixta inanima carent fine: non ergo ſunt ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Probatur verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg162"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>antecedens. </s> <s>quòd de illis diſſerens Ariſtoteles efficiens expoſuit & materiam: de illorum fine <lb></lb>meminit nuſquam. </s> <s>quod verò conſequitur, ita colligitur. </s> <s>Nam quicquid eſt vel eſt ſubſtantia <lb></lb>vel accidens. </s> <s>At accidentia fiunt ex conſequente; neque finem omnino habent: ergo quicquid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg163"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habet finem eſt neceſſariò ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Poſtremò lapides & metalla putreſcunt ſolùm & ita cor<lb></lb>rumpuntur; atque aliter ac animalia, ipſa enim prius corrumpuntur, poſtea putreſcunt. </s> <s>quòd ſi <lb></lb>non corrumpuntur; nec generantur igitur. </s> <s>ſi non generantur: ergo neque ſubſtantiæ ſunt, ſiqui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg164"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem generatio ſit propria ſubſtantiarum. </s> <s>Sed enim mihi videtur Ariſtoteles etiam cum ſubſtan<lb></lb>tijs partes ſubſtantiæ numerare, & tradere notas, quibus eas dignoſcamus eſſe ſubſtantias, quo<lb></lb>modocunque ſint ſubſtantiæ partes. </s> <s>quando noſti partes ſubſtantiæ dupliciter eſſe, vel quæ cor<lb></lb>poris totius molem compleant, quas integrantes cum cęteris vocare liceat, vel eas quibus eſſen<lb></lb>tia continetur. </s> <s>Nam ſi integrantes accipias, obſeruabis eas collocari in natura conſtantibus, quæ <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ ſunt, at differunt ab accidentibus quæ ſunt ex natura. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hæc verò ex materia & forma <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg165"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>componuntur quæ per ſe ſunt; & idcirco illa etiam quæ conſtantur ex his, ſubſtantię ſunt, perſpi<lb></lb>cuè verò numerantur in ſubſtantiis <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cęli <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="animantiumq́">animantiumque</expan>. </s> <s>partes ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi rur<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg166"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg167"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus inſpicias eſſentię partes. </s> <s>hæ quoque tanquam membra ſubſtantiæ recenſentur: cùm ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia triplex ſit, compoſitum, forma, & materia, quæ ſunt partes compoſiti. </s> <s>Idem quoque Ariſto<lb></lb>teles illa monet eſſe ſubſtantias, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quę non ſunt in ſubiecto; ſed elementorum, metallorum, viuen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg168"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tiumq́">tiumque</expan>. </s> <s>partes non ſunt in ſubiecto, <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt hoc aliquid. </s> <s>cur ergo ſubſtantiæ non erunt? <lb></lb></s> <s>Docuit item partes ſubſtantiæ ſubſtantias eſſe quandoquidem id quod ſe habet vt accidens, & <lb></lb>eſt in ſubiecto, non eſt pars: vſque adeo vt neque credam partem quanti in quanto eſſe vt acci <pb pagenum="17"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg169"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dens, nec partem qualis in quali & idem alibi teſtatus eſt ſubſtantiæ partes eſſe ſubſtantias: aliter <lb></lb>efficitur, vt ſubſtantia fieret è non ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Neque argumentationes diluere mea quidem ſen<lb></lb>tentia difficile eſt; ſiquidem in prima ſubſit fallacia ab eo, quod eſt quodammodo ad id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg170"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Nanque & ſi animus eſt inanimorum finis, quòd per varias mutationes, & fata <lb></lb>promoueri poſsint ad formam nobiliſsimam, & hoc potiſsimè natura reſpiciat; at non deſerit <lb></lb>illa, neque ſpoliat omni forma, neque ex omni gradu ſubſtantiæ deturbat. </s> <s>Et videt quiſque ho<lb></lb>minem eſſe cui tanquam fini reliqua natura parauerit: nihilominus ſingula per ſe conſtituit, vt <lb></lb>etiam extra hominem ſubſiſtere queant. </s> <s>Animus igitur eſt finis, ſed remotus, alius eſt finis pro<lb></lb>prius, qui item in ordine ſubſtantiæ collocatur, quo neque cetera carent quę non viuunt. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>eorum finis eſt animus ſimpliciter: ſed tum finis eſt, cùm ſic ipſa diſpoſuit alma parens natura, <lb></lb>vt talis forma proximè poſsit induci, veluti finis marmoris non eſt ſtatua, niſi, cùm iam marmor <lb></lb>expoliri cœpit; nihilominus per proprium finem <expan abbr="propriamq́ue">propriamque</expan> formam exiſtit. </s> <s>Confirmatio <lb></lb>quoque fallax eſt præſeferens errorem in conſequente. </s> <s>Nanque & ſi partes à toto ſeiunctæ ſunt <lb></lb>ambiguè animalia ſeu partes, at non ſunt ambiguè ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Accipitur item mixta inanima <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg171"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>carere fine. </s> <s>Tùm etiam ponitur accidens carere fine. </s> <s>Et ſanè accidens fine careat, non neceſſe <lb></lb>eſt; vt os pellucidum eſt, ne offendamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Falſumq́">Falſumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt mixta carere fine. </s> <s>Nam ſi partes ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg172"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>malium futurę ſint; iam animus pręſto eſt. </s> <s>ſi minus; at tum per propriam formam exiſtunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque fines iſti ab Ariſtotele prętermiſsi ſunt, vt primo de part. anim. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Id planè verum eſt eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg173"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum formas latere magis quo ad elementa propius accedunt. </s> <s>Quanquam, ſi formam ſyllo<lb></lb>giſmi ſpectemus, impotens eſt, quippe quæ ſic complicetur. </s> <s>Omne accidens caret fine. </s> <s>Mixta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg174"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inanima carent fine. </s> <s>Sunt igitur accidentia. </s> <s>Ex eo quod formę latent, extat temperies, per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>formæ deſcribantur; fit, vt putredinis illorum ratio duntaxat habeatur, nulla interitus. </s> <s>euidens <lb></lb>enim temperies eſt, forma autem ſubobſcura. </s> <s>Nil ergo medium habent accidens & ſubſtantia: <lb></lb>ordinem <emph type="italics"></emph>planè<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> habent; ſed medio vacant. </s> <s>Nanque ſubſtantia prior eſt accidente omnibus mo<lb></lb>dis, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi ſimpliciter accipiatur. </s> <s>quando neque re neque ratione ſeparatur accidens à ſubſtantia, ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg175"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſum conſulimus, quem noſtræ methodi normam eſſe volumus. </s> <s>ſemper igitur rationem ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ flagitat, <expan abbr="plurimumq́">plurimumque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore conſequitur, quòd accidens illi ſuperueniat, quod iam eſt <lb></lb>in actu. </s> <s>Sed ſi proprium ſit <expan abbr="perpetuoq́">perpetuoque</expan>. </s> <s>inhærens, ſubſtantiæ notio dicitur antecedere, quando<lb></lb>quidem ſine illo ſubſtantia concipi poteſt. </s> <s>niſi tempus fortè non vt vulgò conuenit; ſed vt non<lb></lb>nunquam apud veteres metaphoricè pro nobilitate <expan abbr="præſtantiaq́">præſtantiaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſumatur. </s> <s>idem enim valet ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg176"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ximè honorandum, & vetuſtiſsimum <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Propterea quoque Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ob venerationem ſolitus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg177"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg178"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt vocare Hippocratem <foreign lang="grc">παλαιὸν</foreign>, ideſt veterem. </s> <s>Neque præcurrentes affectiones obſtant, quæ <lb></lb>rei generandæ anteire videantur: nanque illa ſubſtantia nituntur, quæ interit, dum altera gene<lb></lb>ratur. </s> <s>Itaque ſubſtantia accidenti ſimpliciter antecedit, vt phyſicè ſumi queat, ſubſtantiam ex <lb></lb>non ſubſtantia fieri non poſſe; <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd ſubſtantię nihil antecedat. </s> <s>Quare & hoc in principijs re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg179"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponetur, cùm ab Ariſtotele ſine ratione ſumatur, quaſi cum proximo effato idem valeat. </s> <s>Cum <lb></lb>ſubſtantia prior ſit omnibus modis accidente, patet etiam, accidens à ſubſtantia ſeparari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſe, neque reipſa, neque cogitatione. </s> <s>atque adeo, vt nonmodo quod ſit, quod eſt actu eſſe, ſiue <lb></lb>exiſtere, & quod Gręcorum vulgus <foreign lang="grc">ὐπάρχειν</foreign> appellat, verumetiam quòd ſit, ideſt eſſentiam <lb></lb>obtineat, quæ per definitionem explicatur, acceptum ſubſtantię referat. </s> <s>Eſt enim acci<lb></lb>dens in ſubiecto, ideſt ita in alio, vt eſſe nequeat ſine illo in quo eſt, non tamen vt pars, & eſt <lb></lb>aliud quid exiſtens, non ſcilicet per ſe, ſed per aliud, non quantitas, ſed ſubſtantia quanta, & in <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam denique reſoluitur. </s> <s>Nec cogitari poteſt accidens ſine ſubſtantia; ſiquidem eſſe in <lb></lb>ſubiecto ſit eius natura à qua accidentis ratio diuelli nequit <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Inconueniens enim eſt (inquit Ari<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg180"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg181"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtoteles) ipſum ſeparare, ſi oportet <expan abbr="incõueniens">inconueniens</expan> dicere id, quod fieri nequit. </s> <s>nullum enim <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> <lb></lb>ſeparari poteſt pręter <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> omnia de ſubiecto dicuntur ipſa ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Nec id menti <lb></lb>ſuccedere poteſt; cùm ſit inconueniens illa mens quæ quærit ea quæ fieri nequeunt, & id aggre<lb></lb>ditur quod effici non poteſt. </s> <s>Valet ad id quoque firmandum, quòd multò magis ſunt formæ na<lb></lb>turales quàm accidentia, neque tamen formæ naturales à materia <expan abbr="motuq́">motuque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparantur, multo mi<lb></lb>nus igitur accidentia præſertim quæ ſenſilia ſunt: neque mens (vt mea fert ſententia) rerum na<lb></lb>turas immutare poteſt. </s> <s>Sed accipiat hic Ariſtoteles ſegregationem, quam natura præſtat de ea <lb></lb>quæ mentis opera cogitando fit, nihil agat. </s> <s>Atqui neque accidens citra ſubſtantiam cogitare licet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Teſtem apello Themiſtium qui monet, ne cogitatione quidem accidens à ſubſtantia ſeparari <lb></lb>poſſe, re autem multo minus. </s> <s>Subſtantia planè à ceterorum generum vniuerſitate poteſt ſepa<lb></lb>rari non ſanè quod accidentibus omnino ſenſilis ſubſtantia nudetur: ſed, quia ſubſtantia vna <expan abbr="ea-demq́">ea<lb></lb>demque</expan>. </s> <s>ad numerum permanens, modo hoc modo illud accipiat. </s> <s>Deinde quæ mens ſeuocare po<lb></lb>teſt rem à ſua quidditate? </s> <s>ſimile enim foret ac ſi hominem aliud eſſe cogitarem, quàm animal <lb></lb>ratione vtens. </s> <s>Cùm ergo ſubſtantia compleat quidditatem accidentis planum quod accidens à <lb></lb>ſubſtantia non poteſt abſolui, ſubſtantiam verò ſimpliciter accipio non ignarus ab hac vel illa <pb pagenum="18"></pb>ſubſtantiæ ſpecie accidens, & cogitatione & re ſeiungi poſſe, vt ab homine album. </s> <s>Fortè reſpon<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg182"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>debis. </s> <s>Accidens præſeferre geminam notionem, alteram quidem qua eſt accidens, hoc eſt in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg183"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubiecto, & ſic accidens ſine ſubſtantia cogitari non poſſe fateberis; ita enim eſt ad aliquid ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò; alteram verò qua eſt ens & in vniuerſitate naturæ, ſic pones in ipſo non contineri ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam. </s> <s>Itaque & accidens non denominatiuè, ſed nonnunquam ſubſtantiæ modo per dictio<lb></lb>nem exprimitur. </s> <s>idem quoque definitur. </s> <s>At definitio non entis ſolùm, ſed entis per ſe exiſtit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg184"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Et ratio confirmat. </s> <s>Siquidem exceptis ijs quæ ſunt ad aliquid, reliqua ſunt entia abſoluta ergò <lb></lb>à ſubſtantia ſeparatur accidens: aliter ens abſolutum non eſſet. </s> <s>Deinde accidens habet <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg185"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genus, & propriam differentiam quæ ex eadem ſerie ſumuntur, per quæ definitur. </s> <s>itaque ſine <lb></lb>ſubſtantia cogitatur. </s> <s>Attamen hoc neutiquam à Peripatetico probari poſſe cenſeo. </s> <s>quando<lb></lb>quidem notio entis aut generalis quædam accipitur, qua complectitur ea quæ in ſubiecto ſunt, <lb></lb>& ea quę non ſunt in ſubiecto. </s> <s>aut manet entis ratio in ſuis partibus vt non multò poſt indica<lb></lb>bimus. </s> <s>ſed quomodocunque ens vniuocè dicetur de ſuis partibus & ſecus ac conſtituerit Ariſto<lb></lb>teles. </s> <s>Etenim eſſe in ſubiecto & non eſſe tanquam contradicentia diuidunt omne ens. </s> <s>alterum <lb></lb>ergo ex his ens ſit, neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Accipiatur nunc accidens vt ens, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>non, vt in ſubiecto eſt, <lb></lb>concipiatur à nobis, aliter in eius notione comprehenderetur ſubiectum; ergo eadem erit notio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg186"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ & accidentis, ſiue entium omnium, in ſubiectò nimirum non eſſe. </s> <s>Itaque ens vni<lb></lb>uocè complectetur omnes ſuas partes. </s> <s><expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis ſi rationem quandam communem cogi<lb></lb>temus quæ partibus eius communicetur. </s> <s>Verùm audiamus etiam Ariſtotelem, qui tractans ac<lb></lb>cidens, vt ens ipſum à ſubſtantia ſeparari non poſſe docet <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>, vbi etiam de accidentis definitione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg187"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>meminit. </s> <s>Ita enim, inquit, ſe habet definitio vt quodquid eſt. </s> <s>Ceterùm quod quid eſt non eſt <lb></lb>vniuſmodi; ſed vnius primò nempè ſubſtantiæ, ceterorum ex conſecutione & ſubſtantię ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, accidentium quodammodo, & propè ſicuti Logici dicere ſolent, non ens eſſe ens <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quia <lb></lb>ſimpliciter ſit non ens, ſed quia non ſit quodammodo, videlicet priuatio entis, nanque, & non <lb></lb>ens ſiſtit mentem; & qui audit, quodammodo quieſcit quaſi reſpondeat illi certa notio <expan abbr="reiq́">reique</expan>. </s> <s>ſi<lb></lb>militudo, vt reliquis nominibus ſic & accidentia non dicimus eſſe quantitatem, aut qualitatem, <lb></lb>ſed ſubſtantiam quantam ſubſtantiam qualem. </s> <s>Vnde infert Ariſtoteles definitiones eſſe ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ ſimpliciter, aliorum verò quodammodo. </s> <s>Rurſus aſſerit <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiue nos vnum totum accipiamus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg188"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiam ſenſilem cum accidentibus, ſiue etiam ſubſtantiam & accidentia non vt eiuſdem rei <lb></lb>partes, ſed vt ordine quodam conſtitutas, ſubſtantia prior eſt reliquis: illa enim non ſunt ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, quantum & quale, verum qualitates & motus ſubſtantiæ, nec aliter ſe habent (ſæpè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg189"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim ea vox apud Ariſtotelem ſumitur, vt nota comparationis) ac non album aut non rectum, <lb></lb>neque enim hæc per ſe ſunt, ſed propter album & rectum, & eorum priuationes, nec ſunt entia <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, non ad aliud, niſi quòd ſunt aliquid ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Vides igitur & accidentia conſide<lb></lb>rata vt ſunt entia, non abſolui à ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Si in eo quod ſunt non exiſtunt ſine ſubſtantia, con<lb></lb>ſequens item eſt, vt per ſubſtantiam definiantur. </s> <s>eadem enim ſolent eſſe principia cur exiſtat res, <lb></lb>& quæ in definitione ſumuntur. </s> <s>Igitur & quòd ſit & quid ſit à ſubſtantia redundat in <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atque vt de eo quod eſt accidens in primis verba faciamus. </s> <s>planum eſt ipſum ita ſe habere ad <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, vt in ſubiecto quòd eſt dupliciter. </s> <s>vel enim eſt vt primum excipiens & alteri tra<lb></lb>dens quod Latini vocant inhęſionis, vel cuius eſt aliqua pars primò excipiens, quod denomina<lb></lb>tionis appellare conſuerunt, eſt verò compoſitum, vt vita ineſt in animali per animum animus <lb></lb>primum excipit vitam poſt communicat ipſam animali ex hoc ſubiectorum genere poſſunt eſſe <lb></lb>cauſſæ omnes, à quibus aliquod attributum proximè pendet. </s> <s>attamen ita ſe habent, vt materiam <lb></lb>imitentur in eo quòd vt materia ſe habet ad id, ex quo quiddam neceſſario conſequitur. </s> <s>vt ad <lb></lb>rubiginem ferrum ſic & cauſſæ ad effecta, idcirco ex his conſtituitur medium demonſtrationis. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg190"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Similiq́ue">Similique</expan> modo accidentis eſſentia pendet à ſubſtantia. </s> <s>quoniam hęc principia conſtituunt ac<lb></lb>cidentia, vt ex eorum definitione patet, vbi è demonſtratione elicitur. </s> <s>Et profectò ſic rationi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg191"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſentaneum eſt. </s> <s>Nanque vbi primum quidpiam alicui conuenit, cęteris ab illo communica<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Sed quid eſt primùm eſt ipſius ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Ab illa igitur deſcendit in accidens. </s> <s>Oppones <lb></lb>hic tu accidens quod exprimitur figura dictionis quæ ſubſtantiæ conueniat. </s> <s>obſeruabis ipſum, <lb></lb>quatenus definiri poteſt, ſic verò vt non in alio, ſed vt per ſe exiſtens accipitur. </s> <s>An hęc non pro<lb></lb>hibent quominus accidens cum ſubſtantia cogitetur. </s> <s>ſed id præſtant ſolùm, vt menti ſubijciant <lb></lb>in primis ipſum accidens. </s> <s>Neque ordinem naturæ peruertunt, ſed ordinem concipiendi mu<lb></lb>tant. </s> <s>Nanque eadem natura eſt ſubſtantiæ quantæ, & quantitatis. </s> <s>ſiquidem quantitas non eſt <lb></lb>ſimpliciter ſed ſubſtantiæ quantitas. </s> <s>At qui concipit ſubſtantiam quantam, primum ſubijcit <lb></lb>quantitati ſubſtantiam & quantum vult eſſe ſubſtantię attributum, qui uerò concipit quantita<lb></lb>tem, concipit eam quidem, vt ſubſtantiæ quantitatem; ſed cùm duo ſint ratione diuerſa, quan<lb></lb>titas & ſubſtantia, quantitatem primo vult intueri. </s> <s>quaſi ſpectet non quid ſubſtantiæ ſimplici<lb></lb>ter eueniat, ſed quid, quatenus eſt quanta. </s> <s>Quare abſtractum nihil aliud efficit quàm vt de <pb pagenum="19"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg192"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terminet notionem ſubſtantiæ per notionem accidentis. </s> <s>& hoc modo fit abſtractio mathemati<lb></lb>ca, non autem quia quantitas ſimpliciter à mathematico conſideretur, ſed quia quantitatis ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ ratio quidem habeatur, ſubſtantiæ verò nequaquam. </s> <s>Ita & hoc eſt, quod ad definiendum <lb></lb>proponitur, non quantitas ſimpliciter: ſed quantitas ſubſtantiæ, & ita concipitur abſtractum, <lb></lb>& ob eam cauſſam figuram dictionis immutat. </s> <s>Quòd opponitur eſſe nouem prædicamenta ab<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg193"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſoluta nec in habitudine poſita. </s> <s>facile intelligetur, vt verum ſit, ſi vim abſoluti explanemus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò abſolutum illud eſt, quod ita ex ſe eſt, vt à nullo pendeat, neque vt ſit, neque vt conſer<lb></lb>uetur. </s> <s>Inter ea verò, quæ ſunt in vniuerſo proprium, ideſt, D. O. M. vt à nullo pendeat, ſed ex <lb></lb>ſeipſo ſit ex illo cetera ſint. </s> <s>& ſic in eo reſpectus ineſt, non vt quicquam extra ſe reſpiciat; ſed vt <lb></lb>reſpiciatur à cęteris, Secundo modo etiam id quod reſpicit aliud à ſe poteſt dici abſolutum, <lb></lb>ſiquando non reſpiciat aliquid, à quo pendeat vt conſtituente, ideſt, vt à materia, vel forma. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic quoque ſubſtantiæ ſunt abſolutè, quòd tametſi à Deo pendent, non ita pendent ab ipſo, tan<lb></lb>quam materialiter ſuſtentante. </s> <s>Tertio abſolutum illud eſt, quod, & ſi pendet ab alio, tamen <lb></lb>non conſtituitur ex alio ſuppoſito, ideſt, habet in eodem ſuppoſito cauſſas omnes per quas exi<lb></lb>ſtit. </s> <s>Abſolutum quoque dici poſſe videtur, quatenus habet certum ſuum modum quo eſt, qui <lb></lb>non petitur aliunde quàm ex ſe: omne enim prædicamentum habet ſuum eſſe & ſuum quid eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg194"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo diſcernitur ab alio, licet nunquam abſoluatur à ſubſtantia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita vt pertineat id etiam <expan abbr="cõmu-">commu<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg195"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niter ad relatiua, & generatim & ſpeciatim, vt etiam ſeruus & ſi pendet à domino, habet ſuam <lb></lb>certam rationem per quam ſeruus eſt vt humilitatem & obedientiam. </s> <s>Hoc igitur & tertio mo<lb></lb>do dicimus accidentia eſſe res abſolutas, ſecus ac ea dicamus, quæ ſunt ad aliquid. </s> <s>etenim ſer<lb></lb>uus in Dauo non habet cauſſas omnes, per quas exiſtit: niſi enim fuerit Simo dominus; neque <lb></lb>etiam ſeruus eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>ac ſi eundem patrem & filium eſſe fingamus, non habet tamen in ſe ip<lb></lb>ſo cauſſas quod ſit, ſed adhuc ex alio pendebit vt pater, & ut filius ex alio. </s> <s>At album & quan<lb></lb>tum in eo ſunt, quod album eſt, & quantum; & illius ſunt qualitas & quantitas, in quo ſunt; <lb></lb>ita vt, & ſi nihil aliud exiſtat; ſint nihilominus album & quantum, non ſic ſeruus exiſtit, ſed <lb></lb>aliud præterea flagitat numero diuerſum, ad quod referatur. </s> <s>Obijcitur accidens definiri poſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg196"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per terminos eiuſdem prędicamenti quaſi ſit abſolutum quoddam. </s> <s>At nonne idem iudicium <lb></lb>de genere, & differentia faciemus? </s> <s>etenim & color eſt alicuius ſubſtantiæ, & diſgregare viſum <lb></lb>eſt actio cuiuſdam ſubſtantiæ & in recto pronunciatur vt id notetur, quod mens primùm reſpi<lb></lb>cit altero non excluſo. </s> <s>Tùm etiam hæc eſt pars definitionis, quæ additamento ſubſtantię com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg197"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plecta eſt, & cum definitio ſoleat illud euoluere, quod nomen confusè ſignificat; dicemus etiam <lb></lb>confusè ſubſtantiam accidentis nomine ſignificari. </s> <s>Quare ſubſtantia in definitione accidentis <lb></lb>non ita ſumitur quaſi extrinſecum quiddam, ſed etiam in accidentis ipſius ſimplici notione con<lb></lb>tinetur. </s> <s>quia ſit accidens aliquid illius. </s> <s>ob id ineſſe & inhęrere notionem conſtituit accidentis, <lb></lb>vt vides. </s> <s>Si ſubſtantia nunquam fit ex non ſubſtantia; profectò multò minus ex nihilo fiet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hic eſt communis omnium phyſicorum conſenſus, atque ita ab Ariſtotele approbatus, vt ope<lb></lb>rępretium fore non putarit, ſi id conficeret argumentis; in eo quoque ſecum melius agi putans, <lb></lb>ſi vnum ſenſum conſuleret qui nuſquam ex nihilo quicquam fieri iudicaret quàm ſi rationes <lb></lb>perſequi vellet, quas ſanè multas ad hoc ipſum firmandum quia corrogaſſet Epicureus ille; Lu<lb></lb>cretius bellè quidem, ſi lepôrem carminum ſpectes; ſi ius methodi requiras, operam luſiſſe po<lb></lb>tius quàm compendium feciſſe cenſebis. </s> <s>Nil autem mirum quòd propter <foreign lang="grc">ἀπαιδουσιάν</foreign> Analy<lb></lb>ticorum (fuit autem commune vitium vniuerſæ antiquitati) à demonſtrandis certa non diſtin<lb></lb>guebant. </s> <s>Ceterùm quòd ex nihilo nihil fieri conſtitutum eſſet: & ſi Ariſtoteles oculos inten<lb></lb>diſſe videtur in materiam; at primo intuitu materia non extabat, & ijdem philoſophi, qui nihil <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg198"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex nihilo fieri autumabant, neſciuere materiam. </s> <s>Quapropter ex nihilo intelligendum erat <lb></lb>quod cunctis erat perſpicuum, ex eo quod actu non eſſet, ſiue id ſimile foret, vt cenſuit Anaxa<lb></lb>goras, ſiue contrarium, vt plerique ſtatuerunt. </s> <s>Cuius item iudicij fuit: vt ex nihilo fit nihil, <lb></lb>ita quoque nihil in nihilum reſolui, ſed in non contrarium.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg137"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg138"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg139"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg140"></margin.target>Obiectio <lb></lb>prima.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg141"></margin.target>C. <gap></gap> ſubſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg142"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg143"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg144"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg145"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg146"></margin.target>a Libr. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>Mem. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg147"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg148"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg149"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg150"></margin.target>b 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg151"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 29.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg152"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg153"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg154"></margin.target>d 10. Met. <lb></lb>Tt. 13. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg155"></margin.target>e 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg156"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg157"></margin.target>a Alex. 10. <lb></lb>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg158"></margin.target>b 1. de Par. <lb></lb></s> <s>ac. 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg159"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg160"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg161"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg162"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg163"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg164"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg165"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>ab initio.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg166"></margin.target>d 3. De <lb></lb>cęl. </s> <s>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg167"></margin.target>e 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg168"></margin.target>f 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg169"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg170"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg171"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg172"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg173"></margin.target>a 1. De or.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg174"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg175"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>tit. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg176"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg177"></margin.target>c 1. Met. <lb></lb>ſum. 2. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg178"></margin.target>d Met. c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg179"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tit. 52.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg180"></margin.target>f 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tit. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg181"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg182"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg183"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg184"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg185"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg186"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg187"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>tit. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg188"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb></lb>tit. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg189"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg190"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg191"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg192"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg193"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg194"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg195"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg196"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg197"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg198"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quandò aliud ex alio reficit natura: nec vllam</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Rem gigni patitur, niſi morte adiuta aliena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hoc ita creditum eſt ab Ariſtotele, vt multa ſuper hoc fundamento in vniuerſa ſua philoſo<lb></lb>phia ſtruxerit: vt qui ſuſpicentur Ariſtotelem non dicam nouiſſe, ſed approbaſſe creationem; <lb></lb>ij parum viderint de rebus Ariſtotelicis. </s> <s>Quinimmo neſcio ſatis'ne exercitati ſint in naturali <lb></lb>philoſophia, qui humana ratione creationem colligi poſſe arbitrantur. </s> <s>Nimium confidimus <lb></lb>nobis ipſis; non perſpicimus non poſſe homuncionem ad tam alta myſteria peruenire. </s> <s>maiore <lb></lb>luce opus eſt. </s> <s>Nam quòd aliquid de creatione ſubodoratus ſit Ariſtoteles; ipſemet aſſeruit qui <lb></lb>etiam multorum opinionem extitiſſe profitetur, <expan abbr="Heſiodiq́">Heſiodique</expan>. </s> <s>verba citat in eam ſententiam quòd <lb></lb>principiò genitum ſit chaos, tùm deinde tellus, proximè autem amor, chaos verò & terra ex ni<lb></lb>hilo facta fuerint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Aliosq́">Aliosque</expan>. </s> <s>multos commemorat qui dicunt eſſe nihil, ſed omnia fieri; fieri verò <pb pagenum="20"></pb>ex non entibus & prætereà vulgarem opinionem ex non ente, aut ex nihilo aliquid fieri fuiſſe te<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg199"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtatur. </s> <s>Quinimmo ibidem monet nos Ariſtoteles non eſſe eo placito liberè vtendum; nimirum <lb></lb>nihil ex nihilo fieri; cùm ſit comprehenſio quædam quam accepimus rerum ſuperficiem ſolam <lb></lb>ſpectando, non autem ſcrutando interius. </s> <s>Attamen & ſi ignota non erat creatio; neutiquam <lb></lb>tamen approbata. </s> <s>Et Heſiodus numeratur in Theologis; ex quo efficitur, vt quod aliquando <lb></lb>dixit Ariſtoteles <foreign lang="grc">τούς πεῥιφύσεως</foreign>. </s> <s>intelligat propriè phyſicos cum ceteroquin alij multi qui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt phyſici, de natura ſe ſcribere profiteantur, ſed nos hic phyſicum agimus, etſi verbis Ariſto<lb></lb>telis vti licet, vt cernas, quæ nobis conſtituenda ſunt, illiuſmodi fore, vt nos humano modo ve<lb></lb>limus habere ad credendum. </s> <s>& validiorem Theologo delegemus; illud in animo ſemper ha<lb></lb>bentes Chriſtianam pietatem eſſe talem, vt ſola ſuo iure principia ponere poſsit, nec aliunde <lb></lb>mutuare; memores eò non peruenire ſenſum quem omnium humanarum artium autorem eſſe <lb></lb>vult Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Nanque & ipſe docet veritatis & fidei principium duplex eſſe, quorum <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt mens, alterum mente ſublimius, nempe Deus, qui motiones efficit in ijs quos <foreign lang="grc">ὲυτεῖς</foreign> ideſt, <lb></lb>felices appellant, & ſanè multò admirabiliores quàm illi ſint qui duce ratione rebus gerendis <lb></lb>vtuntur. </s> <s>Hoc principium à diuiniſsimo poèta ſignificatum, vbi Niſus Euryalum alloquitur</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg199"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dij'ne hunc ardorem mentibus addunt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg200"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg200"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Euryale? </s> <s>An ſua <expan abbr="cuiq;">cuique</expan> Deus fit dira cupido<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Eſt & aliud principium, quod ſuperat mentem, atra nimirum bilis qua qui agitantur; ſupra <lb></lb>captum hominis prænoſcunt, & futura præſagiunt. </s> <s>Sed nos humano modo nunc loquimur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò humanum morem, qui ſit, docet Laert. </s> <s><expan abbr="monetq́">monetque</expan>. </s> <s>Pyrrhone illo vſum fuiſſe Hippocratem, <lb></lb>& longè antè Homerum. </s> <s>eſt verò hic ambiguus, & qui in vtranque partem facilè trahi poſsit, & <lb></lb>vbi denique contradicere liceat. </s> <s>Itaque Homerus.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Στζεπτή μὲν γλῶσσ' ὲστὶ βζωτῶν, πολέες δ' ἔνι μύθοι.</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Lingua volubilis eſt; hominum <expan abbr="verbisq́">verbisque</expan>. </s> <s>referta &</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἐπέων πολὺς νόμος ἔυθα, καὶ έυθα.</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Verborum hinc atque hinc ingens eſt copia cuiuis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Atque ille quidem congruens eſt rebus naturalibus quæ propter infinitatem materiæ neceſ<lb></lb>ſitatem difficilè admittunt. </s> <s>Itaque ex nihilo nihil fieri recipimus. </s> <s>Attamen & ex nihilo nihil <lb></lb>fieri ſic contingit, vt ex eo quoque nonnihil fieri poſsit. </s> <s>Quocirca etiam laudatur Parmenides <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui id quod fit, ex non ente fieri dixerit, & oſtenſum eſt priuationem, quæ eſt per ſe non ens, <arrow.to.target n="marg201"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg202"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in omnem mutationem neceſſariò conuenire. </s> <s>Verùm non idcirco creatio quamuis ſecundum <lb></lb>veritatem credenda conceditur ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>ſiquidem id quod fit, non ex nihilo ſimpliciter & <lb></lb>per ſe (quod creatio requirit) efficiatur; ſed ex euento; & quatenus ſubeſt materia priuationi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà diſtinguendum fuit, vt ex nihilo nihil, & vt ex illo quippiam fieri poſſet; neque illò <lb></lb>perueniebat ſenſus: quapropter etiam longiore diſquiſitione opus fuit, vt noſceretur. </s> <s>Hoc er<lb></lb>go ſit principium phyſicum ex nihilo nihil; vt oppoſitum ſimpliciter à phyſico doctore ſit repu<lb></lb>diandum, vtpotè quod ex eo naſcatur ſyllogiſmus contrariæ deceptionis. </s> <s>Quamobrem hoc lo<lb></lb>co ſuccurrit vt admiremur eos qui phyſicè, aut etiam Ariſtotelicè oppoſitum huius perorare ſe <lb></lb>poſſe conſidant; nec è fontibus pietatis hauriant. </s> <s>Sed cùm id conficiant argumentis, quibus plu<lb></lb>ra noſtrę methodi principia ſupponuntur; muneris quoque noſtri eſt ad illa aliquid dicere: ſunt <lb></lb>enim ea nobis diſſoluenda, quæ quiſpiam è principijs ducta probatione, fallaci concluſione effi<lb></lb>ciat <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Neque verò hic ego dubitabo, quin ſtudio pietatis adducti ſanctiſsimi viri conferant in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg203"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hunc locum ſuos conatus; neque ſtudium reprehendo. </s> <s><expan abbr="mihiq́">mihique</expan>. </s> <s>ab ijs non recedere certum eſt <lb></lb>in eo quod religio iuſsit. </s> <s>ſed quantum ego rem ita ſe habere noui, tantum dubito phyſicè ne <lb></lb>confici queat.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg204"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg201"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tit. 79.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg202"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg203"></margin.target>g 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg204"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Multa ſanè contrà afferuntur illa, hoc loco attingam quę ſub initio noſtræ methodi exitum fa<lb></lb>cilè inuenient: ſiqua maiorem eruditionem diligentiam've poſtulabunt, eò reijciam, vbi de mo<lb></lb>tus ęternitate diſſeretur. </s> <s>Hæc verò inter alia afferuntur. </s> <s>Modus agendi ſequitur modum quo <arrow.to.target n="marg205"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res eſt: & quale eſt eſſe <expan abbr="cuiq́">cuique</expan>. </s> <s>rei, talis eſt actio. </s> <s>Sed Deus in eo quod eſt, à nullo pendet, nihil <lb></lb>pręrequirit, aut præſupponit: ergo nec in agendo. </s> <s>Hæc eſt etiam notio Dei naturaliter animis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg206"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inſita & impreſſa. </s> <s>Deum eſſe ens primum, perfectum, à nullo pendens, per ſe ſufficiens, nullius <lb></lb>indigum; ergo per ſe ſufficit ad agendum: itaque non eget ſubiecto. </s> <s>Affertur & illud. </s> <s>Deum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg207"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe cauſſam omnium rerum: ceteroqui pręter Deum aliquid eſſet ſine cauſſa, habens eſſe à ſe: <lb></lb>id verò fieri nequit: neque enim omnia penderent à Deo. </s> <s>Sed multa ſunt, vt materia prima, <lb></lb>cęli, mentes beatę quæ non potuerunt habere eſſe à Deo ex materia per motum: per creationem <lb></lb>igitur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi accipias huiuſmodi res habere eſſe à Deo ex æterno tempore. </s> <s>Atqui id creatio<lb></lb>ni non obſtat: eius enim ratio poſita eſt in eo quòd ſit ex non ſubiecto non autem quòd de nouo <lb></lb>exiſtat. </s> <s>Immo ſi potuit hoc ex æterno tempore efficere, poterit etiam nunc & fortè multo ma<lb></lb>gis; & quo æternum non æterno difficilius eſt. </s> <s>In productione quoque cuiuſque ſingularis, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg208"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="21"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg209"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hominis, ſemen eſt prius, quàm homo ille: ſimpliciter tamen homo eſt ſemine prior, ſicut actus <lb></lb>& perfectum priora ſunt poteſtate & imperfecto. </s> <s>Itaque generatio hominis vt homo eſt, non <lb></lb>eget ſemine, cùm ſit homo ſimpliciter ſemine prior. </s> <s>Igitur alium modum productionis habe<lb></lb>bit nimirum per creationem. </s> <s>Memini etiam me legiſſe apud quoſdam ſcriptores hac via con<lb></lb>firmari poſſe creationem: ſiquidem hæc quæ natura ſunt, alicuius rei gratia fiant à natura: ergo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg210"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prius aliquam notionem extitiſſe in effectore neceſſe eſt: in hoc igitur rei facienda ratio ex qua <lb></lb>res extitêre: quapropter creatio. </s> <s>Hæc quidem ingeniosè excogitata: veruntamen eiuſmodi, quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg211"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtotelis principijs aduerſentur huic tu rei nunc cauſſas accipe. </s> <s>Nam quantum eſt de prima <lb></lb>ratione, videtur in ea committi peccatum à ſecundum quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Etenim ex actioni<lb></lb>bus quæ Deo manifeſtè tribuuntur (ex ijs enim quę à quoque ſani iudicij facilè dabuntur, <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> <lb></lb>diſceptationem, quoad licebit, peragemus) aliquæ ſunt ipſius propriæ, vt contemplari ſeipſum, <lb></lb>nobis enim liquet hoc in nobis ipſis experientibus contemplationem externæ rei nullius egêre: <lb></lb>aliæ cum corpore communicantes, vt mouere & ambulare: ac verum quidem eſt actiones pro<lb></lb>prias imitari eſſentiam; de communibus aliter ſentiendum eſt. </s> <s>Ex illo igitur quòd aliquæ fun<lb></lb>ctiones ſine corpore exercentur, quæ ſanè propriæ ſunt; infertur, omnes ſine corpore exerceri <lb></lb>poſſe, quanuis ſint communes. </s> <s>& ex eo, quòd agit contemplando ſine corpore, concluditur ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg212"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſum prorſus ſine corpore agere quodcunque & ſimpliciter. </s> <s>conuenientiam igitur, & ſimilitudi<lb></lb>nem actionum omnium, quas Deo tribuunt, vel ſenſu, vel inductione iudicare oportebat. </s> <s>At<lb></lb>qui non licet. </s> <s>Nec quiſquam Peripateticus aliam Dei propriam actionem cognouit quàm ſui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg213"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contemplationem. </s> <s>Eodem propemodum vitio ſecunda ratio laborat. </s> <s>Damus enim planè <lb></lb>Deum eſſe ens primum, omnium abſolutiſsimum, nullius indigum, & non egêre ſubiecto ad <lb></lb>agendum: ſed addimus ad præſtandum propriam actionem quam dicimus eſſe contemplatio<lb></lb>nem: quòd ſi fuerit actio communis, adhuc exquiret phyſicus confirmationem talis aſſumpti <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg214"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam à ſenſu peti poſſe negamus. </s> <s>In tertia verò ratione duo ſeſe offerunt ſpectanda, quorum <lb></lb>primum eſt. </s> <s>Impetrare, vt aliquid ſit à Deo Peripateticè, non modo eſt per motum, velut ea, <lb></lb>quę generantur aſsiduè, quę ex iugi cęli conuerſione producuntur, illam verò Deus ſolus præ<lb></lb>ſtat: verùm quoque eſt eſſe perfectum, quod ſcilicet ſine ipſo non exiſtat in actu ſecundo, nec <lb></lb>proprio munere fungatur ſine præſentia Dei; veluti Legatus eſt homo quidem per ſe; ſed per <lb></lb>eius virtutem, qui legauit, in dignitate conſtitutus eſt, & fungitur legatione. </s> <s>Alterum eſt, quod <lb></lb>ratio phyſica conuincit, aliquid eſſe æternum per ſe præter Deum O. M. Quibus poſitis in ar<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg215"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gumento duplex vitium latet. </s> <s>ſiquidem in argumento vitium illud quod eſt ex ignotis proce<lb></lb>dere committatur <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>, dum ſumitur nihil præter Deum eſſe per ſe æternum; ſed omnia vel per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg216"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motum extitiſſe, vel creationem; idque inter phyſicos ſenſum perſequentes & Theologos à lu<lb></lb>mine Diuino illuſtratos eſt maximè controuerſum, accipiunt Theologi nullum eſſe huiuſmodi. <lb></lb></s> <s>concluditur à phyſico tale rerum genus reperiri. </s> <s>Cùm igitur id aſſumant Theologi quod à phy<lb></lb>ſico dubitatur, immò cui concluditur oppoſitum: patet hîc eſſe progreſſum ex ignotis qui mo<lb></lb>dus eſt non probandi propoſitum. </s> <s>Deinde cùm phyſici probent eſſe tertium genus eorum ſci<lb></lb>licet, quæ cùm ſint æterna; pendent tamen à Deo; ineſt in argumento fallacia conſequentis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim negabit phyſicus ille quem nos in hac methodo imitamur. </s> <s>Quicquid eſt à Deo, aut eſſe <lb></lb>per motum, aut per creationem. </s> <s>ſed tertium modum adijciet vt puta eſſe formaliter eo, ſ. </s> <s>poſito <lb></lb>vt hoc ſit, non effectiuè. </s> <s>ita cùm diuiſionis membra non omnia fuerint accepta: conſtat nullam <lb></lb>eſſe vim argumenti illius hypothetici ex diuiſione conſtructi. </s> <s>Iam verò ſi datur id, quod acce<lb></lb>pimus, eſſe aliquod æternum per ſe pręter Deum O. M. patet profectò parum poſſe apud reni<lb></lb>tentem id quod adſcribitur de æterna illa creatione, & quòd eiuſdem <emph type="italics"></emph>immò maioris virtutis eſt ex<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg217"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ęterno creare<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, quàm ex initio cuiuſpiam temporis. </s> <s>ſiquidem ibi ſemper exiſtat materia, quę ſup<lb></lb>ponatur; nec requiratur vlla mutatio vt ſint; cùm per ſe exiſtant ab æterno quæ vtraque in noua <lb></lb>creatione conſtitui neceſſe fuit. </s> <s>Neque aliud certè arguet quod oratio ponatur ab æterno, niſi <lb></lb>quòd ex Deo ſint aliqua formaliter, quod non negamus, <emph type="italics"></emph>ſed planè volumus eſſe creationem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>In <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg218"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quarta ratione notemus, in omni generatione duo principia requiri, actum ſcilicet & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, <lb></lb>& poteſtas quidem eſt ſingularis, & æqualiter reſpiciens eſſe & non eſſe. </s> <s>Actus eſt determina<lb></lb>tus & poſitus eſt ineſſe: quapropter æternus eſt per ſe. </s> <s>nec, quatenus actus, vnquam generationi <lb></lb>redditur obnoxius <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Itaque generatur hic homo qui quidem ex ſemine procreatur. </s> <s>homo vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg219"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actus æternus eſt. </s> <s>Inde igitur creatio non inferetur: at illud, quod ad extremum propoſuimus; <lb></lb>ſatis foret iis qui Peripateticè profitentur; ſi rationis illius autor ſe illa Peripatetica non habere <lb></lb>teſtatus eſſet. </s> <s>Verùm quia nihil eſt non Peripateticum, quod ratione, quæ iudicium ſenſus non <lb></lb>euertat, approbari poteſt; <expan abbr="officiū">officium</expan> quoque Peripatetici videtur eſſe vim explorare rationis illius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur, cùm ſumitur ea quæ ſunt natura, eſſe alicuius rei gratia; fatemur in iis, quæ fiunt: cum <lb></lb>etiam in natura ſit id, cuius gratia ſint nonnulla. </s> <s>Cùm etiam ponitur eorum quæ ſunt alicuius <lb></lb>gratia notionem, ſeu rationem quandam in effectore antecedere; notionem ſanè damus in iis <pb pagenum="22"></pb>quæ fiunt ab humana voluntate; in iis verò quæ fiunt à natura ſolam rationem concedimus, quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg220"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adæquet formam: atque illam quidem tribuimus cauſsis efficientibus particularibus, non vni<lb></lb>uerſalibus vt cęlo & Deo, cùm illam mentem Ariſtotelis fuiſſe cenſeamus cauſſas vniuerſales <lb></lb>ita ſe extuliſſe ab his inferioribus vt illorum gratia nihil agant; nec rationibus oppoſitis aliud in<lb></lb>duci poſſum vt credam, quod ſuo loco tractabitur. </s> <s>Cęterùm detur hoc, ne ſimus moroſi <expan abbr="nimiũ">nimium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fateamur item ex ea ratione produci id quod fit, at quòd ex nihilo negamus. </s> <s>Etenim, ex ea ra<lb></lb>tione fit id, quod fit, vt efficiente, vel conſtituente efficiens: at verò id ego dicam ab efficiente <lb></lb>produci, ſed ex materia. </s> <s>Quocirca probandum fuit efficiens per talem rationem ſine materia <lb></lb>poſſe producere; quę vniuerſa peruicax, & qui ſe duci patitur à ſenſu & experientiis, quod Phy<lb></lb>ſici faciunt; & inficiabitur, & conuinci non poterit. </s> <s>Hæ non eò dicta ſunt à nob. </s> <s>vt creationem <lb></lb>euerteremus, ſed vt ab Ariſtotele & phyſicis haud approbatam fuiſſe perſpiceres, & agnoſceres <lb></lb>altius ſeſe extuliſſe noſtræ ſalutis initia quàm vt à phyſico. </s> <s>rationibus quæ ſenſu niterentur, at<lb></lb>tingi poſſent; atque vt doceremus id eſſe principium in hac methodo, vnde omnia quæ in hac <lb></lb>philoſophia colligerentur repugnantia veritati, per eius <expan abbr="inficiationẽ">inficiationem</expan> liberrimè negarentur, quòd <lb></lb>oppoſitum diuino beneficio multò magis eſſet perſpicuum: neque iis vllo modo noſtra mens <lb></lb>adhæreſceret. </s> <s>Nec me latet, cùm hic nonnulla ex Peripateticorum fontibus hauſta fuiſſe, tùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg221"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam alia prętermiſſa, quæ ſolent in confirmationem eiuſdem theorematis afferri; de quibus <lb></lb>phyſico adhuc plura dicenda forent. </s> <s>nos omnia ſuo loco declarabimus, eo nunc contenti; quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg222"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex nihilo nihil fieri, pro principio philoſophiæ naturalis ab Ariſtotele conſtitutum fuerit, & ni<lb></lb>hil ex hac philoſophia depromi poſsit, quod ipſum demoliatur. </s> <s>Tertium effatum naturale prę<lb></lb>cipua naturæ munera quæ cuique ſunt euidentia continebit. </s> <s>ea quanquam innumerabilia ſunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg223"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in decem capita digerentur. </s> <s>Itaque ea quæ fiunt, aut à natura fiunt, aut à nobis, aut ab aliis cauſ<lb></lb>ſis, vt puta caſu, & fortuna. </s> <s>A nobis ea quæ fiunt, incertos exitus habent, & à noſtra voluntate <lb></lb>proficiſcentia, quemadmodum facultas eſt mutabilis & inconſtans, ita & ortum & euentum <expan abbr="cõ-ſimiles">con<lb></lb>ſimiles</expan> obtinent. </s> <s>Eorum quæ ſemper aut frequenter eueniunt, cauſſam nemo, niſi fortè Em<lb></lb>pedocleus fortunæ adſcripſerit; vt quòd ſemper hyeme pluat; aut quòd ſub cane ſit æſtus: ſed ſi <lb></lb>pluat, dum ſub cane ſol eſt, aut ſi media hyeme nos æſtus inuadat. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt eorum ſit <lb></lb>auctor ipſa natura, quæ plurimum ſemperúe fiunt eodem modo, & ea ſecundum naturam fieri <lb></lb>optimo iure dicentur quæ maxima ex parte fient: hoc eſt in pluribus eiuſdem ſpeciei ſingularib. <lb></lb></s> <s>& frequentius, aut ſemper: naturale enim eſt caneſcere, licet in ſenectute contingat, quod om<lb></lb>nis homo ferè, cùm venerit ad ſenectutem, caneſcit, & naturalis hyeme pluuia, quia ſit frequen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg224"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tior in ea tempeſtate, & iis potiſsimè natura conſiſtit quæ non ſemper ſunt; horum enim maxi<lb></lb>ma pars eſt. </s> <s>Itaque Ptolemæus <foreign lang="grc">ἔυλογον</foreign> relinquebat phyſicis, non <foreign lang="grc">ἀναγκαῖον</foreign>. </s> <s>Sed & illa <lb></lb>ſunt ſecundum naturam, quæ certis quibuſdam interuallis repetuntur, vt æſtas & hyems: quo<lb></lb>niam circuitus ille perpetuitatem habeat in tali ſucceſsione poſitam: ſemper enim ſui ſimilis eſt <lb></lb>illa ſucceſsio. </s> <s>Natura quoque ſunt eclipſis ſolis & lunæ, quæ tamen neque ſemper neque fre<lb></lb>quenter exiſtunt. </s> <s>Veruntamen, cum cauſsis illis concurrentibus neceſſario fiant, cauſſarum ve<lb></lb>rò certus fit reditus, & circuitio & tempeſtates & eclipſis in perpetuis numerari queunt. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>ſi natura eſt eorum cauſſa quæ plurimum ſemperúe fiunt: & ea, quæ natura ſunt, plurimum <lb></lb>ſemperúe contingunt. </s> <s>igitur ea quæ non ſemper plurimumúe eueniunt, non ſunt natura. </s> <s>Atqui <lb></lb>violenta ſunt naturæ contraria; non ergo plurimum ſemperúe contingunt. </s> <s>Etenim ſi contraria <lb></lb>naturæ plurimum, aut ſemper euenirent non eſſet natura de iis quę plurimum, ſed rarò, aut nun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg225"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam exiſtunt; id verò fieri nequit. </s> <s>Nihil etiam fruſtra efficiunt Deus & natura cuius ſcilicet <lb></lb>non ſit aliquod munus, officium, vel vſus, nihil ocioſum, nihil redundans vt calceus ille fruſtra <lb></lb>eſſet, quo, cùm non eſſet habilis & aptus ad pedem, vti non poſſem. </s> <s>Natura, inquàm, illa quæ po<lb></lb>ſita eſt in nexu cauſſarum, vis ſcilicet per omnia corpora penetrans, & ſine ratione ciens & exci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg226"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>piens motus in corporibus neceſſarios, & Deus omnium princeps, à quo omnes iſti motus re<lb></lb>guntur & gubernantur, curſus aſtrorum, mutationes temporum, rerum viciſsitudines <expan abbr="ordinesq́">ordinesque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>conſeruantur. </s> <s>Deus igitur & natura nihil fruſtra moliuntur cunctis rebus vſum exhiben<lb></lb>do, quo ſeipſa tueantur & in mundi theatrum conferant, & ad hominis vſum præcipuè; quo <lb></lb>ſanè vinculo mundi partes adſtrictæ, ſiquid ſeorſum detrimenti capiunt ab externo, vniuerſam <lb></lb>tamen naturam quæ ſingula corpora cohibet, labefactare non poſſunt. </s> <s>Proinde vbi vnum ſuf<lb></lb>ficiat inſtrumentum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non ſolet ipſum natura geminare: neque fortè, ſi geminetur; officia natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg227"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ræ minus impediret, & grauitarem afferret quàm moleſtia nos afficiat ſextus digitus quem ma<lb></lb>nui natura peccans affinxerit. </s> <s>Itaque vbi commodè id effici potuerit; ad officia complura abu<lb></lb>titur vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>inſtrumento, vt lingua ad guſtatum, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & locutionem, & ore in habentibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg228"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pulmonem ad cibi ſumptionem, & reſpirationem. </s> <s>vt nihil planè ſine optima ratione feciſſe vi<lb></lb>deatur. </s> <s>Neque verò, quia natura ſit vis quæ ratione vtatur, iam enim ratione vti eſt animæ, non <lb></lb>naturæ. </s> <s>Natura porrò <foreign lang="grc">ὐποτατικῶς</foreign> & ex ſua natura & eſſentia ſine cognitione agit pro fine <pb pagenum="23"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg229"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſequendo; & ſiquo pacto collocetur <foreign lang="grc">ἐνλογικαῖς δυναμεσὶν</foreign> ideſt in facultatibus ratiocinanti<lb></lb>bus, non eſt ideo, quia ratiocinans agat; ſed vel quòd agendo proceſſum rationis imitetur; vel <lb></lb>quia nil prorſus efficiat; cuius non optima ratio poſsit afferri quæ petitur à duobus initijs: alte<lb></lb>ro quidem, quod aliter effici non potuerit: atque id à materia ducitur, vt quòd cornigera <expan abbr="careãt">careant</expan> <lb></lb>dentibus ſuperioribus: neque enim materia, cùm abierit in cornua, ſuppetit dentibus, aut quòd <lb></lb>ita fieri præſtiterit: hoc verò pendet à fine ex quibus omnis rerum naturalium ordo deriuatur, <lb></lb>& cunctorum ſenſilium commenſus conuenientiſsimus exiſtit quem generali nomine <foreign lang="grc">λὸγον</foreign><lb></lb>& rationem licet appellare. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſic omnia diſpenſantur in vniuerſo, vt vis illa com<lb></lb>munis & vniuerſalis quæ ſcilicet per omnia pertinet, tametſi tum ſuum robur oſtentat atque, vt <lb></lb>ita dixerim, ſapientiam, cùm animal producere aggreditur: non ſine ſummo iudicio cum pru<lb></lb>dente patre familias ab Ariſtotele conferatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Vt enim ille nihil amittit ex quo facere aliquid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg230"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>commodi poſsit, & ita diſpenſat in cura rei familiaris, vt optimus cibus liberis præbeatur, dete<lb></lb>rior ſeruis, omnium peſsimus ſociis animalibus, ſic in ortu ipſo natura ex materia ſynceriſsima <lb></lb>carnem & aliorum ſenſuum corpora conficit: in excrementis oſſa, pilos & reliqua generis eiuſ<lb></lb>dem conſtituit. </s> <s>Ab his tu de cęteris iudicium facito. </s> <s>Nil igitur in natura, quin illius vſus, aut <lb></lb>vnus, aut plures indicari poſsint quo, ſi careat, aliter habendum non erit, quam manus mortua, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg231"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſine lapidea quæ ſolo nomine ſunt manus, ratione verò non item. </s> <s>Nam cuncta officio, & pote<lb></lb>ſtate definiuntur, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quibus ſi priuentur, iam non amplius eadem reputanda, ſed ambiguè. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quã-">Quan<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg232"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam vnum rei vnius vſum pro natura expectare oportet qui quidem ſit præcipuus. </s> <s>Sic enim <lb></lb>optimè inſtrumenta proficiunt, ſi eorum ſingula non multis officiis, ſed vni deſeruiant. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>tale quippiam natura facit, vt fabri ferrarij propter inopiam & <foreign lang="grc">πενιχ<gap></gap>ῶς</foreign>, ideſt more pauperum <lb></lb>gladium delphicum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quo & ad ſacra peragenda <expan abbr="victimasq́">victimasque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecandas & ad cędendos fonteis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg233"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vterentur. </s> <s>nec vt illi qui propter frugalitatem veru fabricabant, quo item lucerna figeretur: ex <lb></lb>quo dicebatur <foreign lang="grc">ὀβελισκολύχνιον</foreign> <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nomine ſcilicet, vtrunque ſignificante officium. </s> <s>Atque arti <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg234"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quidem materia deficere poteſt; natura copiis omnibus affluit & abundat: itaque vnam rem vni <lb></lb>muneri delegat; & ſiqui alij vſus oſtendantur, huic vni quodammodo ſeruiunt, vt aliàs oſten<lb></lb>demus. </s> <s>Cùm verò nonnunquam eueniat, vt plura quidem officia, veruntamen non ſeſe viciſ<lb></lb>ſim reſpicientia pręſto ſint; quid enim guſtui cum locutione, aut reſpirationi cum alimento? </s> <s>ſic <lb></lb>natura rebus omnibus prudentiſsimè conſuluit quæ propter melius ita effecerit: id verò ſic con<lb></lb>tingit, quòd vnum præſtat officium, quia neceſſarium ſit; alterum commoditatis ergò ſubiungit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg235"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Neceſſarius enim fuerat guſtatus: quippe quòd animal ſuſtineri non poſſet, niſi aleretur, alimen<lb></lb>ti verò ſenſus eſt guſtus qui quidem in perfectis perfectus eſſe perhibetur, & imperfectus in im<lb></lb>perfectis. </s> <s>os item neceſſarium, vt eo ſumatur alimentum. </s> <s>ſed ita fabricatus eſt ſenſus ille, vt non <lb></lb>alio inſtrumento, aut loco natura locutioni melius prouidere potuerit. </s> <s>Sic etiam poſtquàm ore <lb></lb>cibus erat capiendus, indè quoque perbellè valuit ſubuenire calori ſpiratum efficiens per quem <lb></lb>exhalare poſſet, ne copia ſuffocatus extingueretur, & animal enecaret. </s> <s>Neque hic talpæ oculos, <lb></lb>aut muli genitalia commemorare oportet, quorum nullus ſit vſus in rerum natura. </s> <s>ſunt enim <lb></lb>hæc orbata & imperfecta, quòd efficientium progreſſus impediuntur ſuperante materia. </s> <s>vt ta<lb></lb>metſi efficientia ſummum conficere ſtudent; ex hac materia non aliud poſsint efficere, neque <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <lb></lb>vlterius promouere: non ſecus àc ſi optimus piſtor panem candidiſsimum ex hordeo, ſicut è <lb></lb>tritico vellet interere. </s> <s>Neque enim ad eum candorem ſe perduci hordei materia pateretur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quanuis ſuſpicandum non ſit, naturam rei potiori conſuluiſſe quam tamen, ſi pręſtare voluerit, <lb></lb>illud mali perpetuo ſit affixum, vt ſi cui legislatori ciuitatem ex opulentis conſtituere libeat, ade<lb></lb>runt neceſſario pauperes, qui diuitum erunt aſſeclæ <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Multi enim ſunt, qui diuitum ope indi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg236"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg237"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>geant. </s> <s>Vnde illud eſt Simonidis poëtæ dictum de ſapientibus & diuitibus. </s> <s>Nam cum Hieronis <lb></lb>Syracuſarum regis vxor, aliquando rogaret Simonidem, vtrum melius eſſet fieri ſapientem, an <lb></lb>diuitem? </s> <s>ille reſpondit è veſtigio, fieri diuitem. </s> <s>quoniam viri ſapientes diuitum domos frequen<lb></lb>tarent, & ab iis neceſſaria ad humanum victum petere cogerentur. </s> <s>Facit igitur ea natura, ſeu vi<lb></lb>detur potius facere fruſtrà; quoniam, vt faceret id, quod in eo genere optimum foret, parum hoc <lb></lb>mali admittere coacta eſt. </s> <s>Atque id quidem rarò contingit, vt in tanta mole non videatur eſſe <lb></lb>curandum. </s> <s>Neque hoc ipſum etiam præter naturam ſimpliciter, quippe quòd ex materiæ ne<lb></lb>ceſsitate proueniat. </s> <s>Nil igitur fruſtra natura & Deus efficiunt. </s> <s>Ex eo quoque fonte dimanat, <lb></lb>quòd nihil idem per ſe eſſe, & ab alio fieri queat; quo pronuntiato vſus eſt Ariſtoteles 1. de An. <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg238"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idque generatim ſumpſit; ſiue ab aliquo, vt ab efficiente, ſiue vt à fine penderet: nam quid opus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg239"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, vt quod ex ſe habet, ab alio mendicetur? </s> <s>præterquàm quòd eueniret, vt contradicentia con<lb></lb>ſiſterent: ſiquidem: quatenus ex ſe iam haberet; quatenus ex alio; deficeret. </s> <s>Verùm neque etiam <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> deficere Deus & natura ſolent in neceſſariis. </s> <s>ac ſiquando hoc eueniat, id incerto quodam caſu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg240"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fit, quo materia quidem contumax eſt; nec ritè eam tractantibus obedit: verùm, quia non pen<lb></lb>det ex neceſsitate materiæ, non perpetuum eſt, velut illa quæ de talpa & mulo pronunciauimus; <pb pagenum="24"></pb>ſed infinitum, vt quòd ſine digitis homo oriatur. </s> <s>Hęc verò ſunt præter naturam ſimpliciter, & ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg241"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>monſtra referuntur. </s> <s>Neque verò illud monſtrum eſt, quòd mulus non propaget, & talpa non <lb></lb>cernat. </s> <s>ſemper enim ſic euenit, aut plurimum; & ſecundum naturam igitur. </s> <s>Sed quòd hic ſine <lb></lb>oculis, aut digitis oriatur, infrequens eſt: itaque præter naturam. </s> <s>Cęterùm de hiſce differentiis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg242"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pluribus poſteà diſſeretur. </s> <s>At verò ſi non abundat natura, neque deficit; certè complebit om<lb></lb>nia quæcunque aggredietur, vt omnibus ſuis numeris & partibus abſoluta ſint quæ quidem pro <lb></lb>cuiuſque rei ratione deſiderantur. </s> <s>Nil igitur erit in natura (niſi quæ vis obſtitit) imperfectum; <lb></lb>quando ad extremum ſui motus natura peruenerit. </s> <s>Neque ſolùm; quia naturæ mouentis offi<lb></lb>cia non amplius flagiter: verùm etiam, quod in eo genere ſummum ſit & extremum quo natura <lb></lb>queat aſpirare. </s> <s>Et verò vt negari non poteſt, in omni rerum inſtitutione eſſe aliquid extremum, <lb></lb>atque perfectum, pictura enim & fabrica <expan abbr="cęteręq́">cęteręque</expan>. </s> <s>artes habent quendam abſoluti operis <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>: <lb></lb>ſic in vite & homine dandum eſt naturam ſuo quodam itinere peruenire ad extremum quod in <lb></lb>eo genere ſit præſtantiſsimum, atque illud eſt, vt ſuo quæque res munere fungatur, veluti quòd <lb></lb>plantæ fructum ferant, & animalia conſimile generare poſsint. </s> <s>Quocirca neque etiam videtur <lb></lb>aggredi id quod ſe adepturam non ſperat, cùm perpetuò contendat in finem, quo impoſito tum <lb></lb>res abſoluta eſt: hic ſi tollatur, iam non habebit natura quo properet. </s> <s>ecquid igitur cauſſæ, cur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg243"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouere incipiat? </s> <s>ſemper enim malè habebit & fruſtra laborabit. </s> <s>præſtat ergo quieſcere. </s> <s>Verun<lb></lb>tamen, cùm ex artibus aliquæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> imitentur, vt pictura, <expan abbr="nõnullæ">nonnullæ</expan> <expan abbr="ſuppleãt">ſuppleant</expan> & perficiant ea, quę <lb></lb>natura non poteſt, vt chirurgica, neque enim natura poteſt os luxatum componere; ſic <foreign lang="grc">ἡτεχυν</foreign><lb></lb>in agricultura <foreign lang="grc">ὑπηρετεῖ τῇ φύσει</foreign>, vt inſitione & ſtercoratione <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non igitur (dicet quiſpiam) <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg244"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natura cuncta perficiet, quæ natura exiſtunt. </s> <s>Niſi dicamus artem ſic perficere ea, quæ ſunt na<lb></lb>tura, quatenus ſine illius ope natura non poſſet opera ſua pręſtare; quaſi ars in operis partem ac<lb></lb>cipiatur, quandò non ſubminiſtrat ars agendi patiendiúe facultatem rebus naturalibus: ſed ap<lb></lb>plicat agentia ad patientia, & è medio tollit impedimenta. </s> <s>his expeditis, natura tum per ſe ip<lb></lb>ſam operatur, vt oſſa conglutinat. </s> <s>Itaque medicina <expan abbr="aliæq́">aliæque</expan>. </s> <s>artes naturæ miniſtræ dicuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quinimmo, ſi rem ipſam diligentius obſerues, natura perficit ea quæ fiunt ab arte. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ecce ſerit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg245"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>agricola, is vere pluuiam exoptat quę promoueat ſegetes, & ſolem, qui ęſtate maturet; atque ita <lb></lb>ſementem accommodat ad anni tempeſtates, vt cum frugum profectu congruant. </s> <s>Aedificator <lb></lb>etiam faſtigium conficit fornicatum, quia lapides nutu <expan abbr="pondereq́">pondereque</expan>. </s> <s>proprio pręgrauantes, conten<lb></lb>dendo ad centrum, & ſeſe viciſsim comprimendo, redduntur immobiles. </s> <s>Itaque iam hic ars <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg246"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfectis vtitur; ſed quoniam aptat ad vſus humanos; etiam perficere perhibetur. </s> <s>Ergo ſimpli<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg247"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>citer perfectio proficiſcitur à natura quam ita perſequitur, vt ab eo progreſſu ne digito quidem <lb></lb>recedat. </s> <s>Itaque ars etiam naturæ motibus obſequitur & hunc illi opponit, vt vim naturæ ſupe<lb></lb>rantis reprimens <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> varios & multiplices vſus exhibere poſsit. </s> <s>At verò perfectionem præſtat na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg248"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura, quòd vnaquæque res naturalis ſic agit; quia ſic natura comparata eſt. </s> <s>Et (ni prorſus fallor) <lb></lb>aliter ſe res habet atque in cęteris, quorum vſus aliquis eſſe ſolet. </s> <s>Siquidem alia ſunt huiuſmo<lb></lb>di, vt ijs vtamur; at nos iſtis vtimur quia ſunt huiuſmodi: exempli gratia, ſic frenum eſt compa<lb></lb>ratum, vt eques illo vtatur. </s> <s>at id fabricatur ex ferro, quia ferrum tale eſt, vt eo poſsit vti in illo <lb></lb>officio pręſtando. </s> <s>Quapropter opinor in iis quę ſtruuntur, vt cæteris vſui ſint, quarum artium <lb></lb>vſus eſt proprius, eas eſſe præferendas: ſic in cæteris vbi vſus ſit, quia ſint huiuſmodi rem aliter <lb></lb>ſe habere puto, nimirum cedere illam, quæ vtatur. </s> <s>aut ita diſtingueres ex vſu fieri bonas; aut <lb></lb>quòd iis vtamur; quia bonæ ſunt eæ quidem vtente ſunt imperfectiores, has etiam antecellere <lb></lb>vtenti non inconuenit. </s> <s>Ita ſit, vt naturam ſemper arti pręponam; aut ſiquid ſuperioris <expan abbr="agnoſcã">agnoſcam</expan> <lb></lb>in vſu rerum naturalium, id ego hominem faciam, qui & ipſe eſt præſtantiſsima natura, cui om<lb></lb>nia quodammodo nata eſſe docent philoſophi <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> de qua re aliàs. </s> <s>Sed redeamus ad naturam. </s> <s>Ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg249"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg250"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſanè quemadmodum antè monuimus, eundem tenorem perpetuò ſeruat, quippe quæ ſimplex <lb></lb>ſit, nec varios vſus reſpiciat, ſed id ſolummodo, quod ſuum ipſius proprium eſt. </s> <s>Itaque ſem<lb></lb>per ignis aſcendit, & vbi in ſuperiorem locum peruenerit, ibi quoque manet ſuapte natura: ter<lb></lb>ra item deſcendit ad centrum in quo perpetuò quieſceret, niſi obſtatet cauſſa violans. </s> <s>ac ſi ſecus <lb></lb>eueniat, externa aliqua cauſſa poteſt aſsignari varietatis illius, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> enim id iam amplius eſt pro <lb></lb>ratione naturæ, vt ſi terra maneat in loco ſuperiore, aut è loco ſuo moueatur: & cauſſa reddi <lb></lb>poteſt, cur deſcendat nunc, mox autem quieſcat. </s> <s>illud enim eſt naturæ imperfectæ, quę ad per<lb></lb>fectionem tendit, hoc iam eius quę perfectionem ſuam conſecuta fuerit. </s> <s>Semper ergo ſui ſimi<lb></lb>lis eſt ipſa natura, vt etiam de conſimilibus idem iudicium non abſurdè fiat, aut item afferenda <lb></lb>ratio, cur ordo ille fuerit immutatus; vt puta ſi ratio perſuadet ex aſtris vnum eſſe rotundum, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>quoque iudicium de cęteris ferre oportebit, aut diſcriminis ratio reddenda. </s> <s>Sic cùm commune <lb></lb>ſit compluribus animalibus habere cor, & in quibuſdam, vt in auibus obſeruemus, ipſum primò <lb></lb>produci eodem modo de cęteris iudicabimus: niſi cauſſa ſuccurrat, cur in re conſimili diuerſum <lb></lb>inſtitutum natura tenuerit. </s> <s>ac niſi ratio ſubueniat pertinacis omnino animi ſit id quod conſtat <pb pagenum="25"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg251"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ſimili, non approbare. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt nonnunquam ſic argumentatus fuerit Ariſtoteles. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg252"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Id ita euenit in hoc. </s> <s>Et in omnibus igitur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quia natura ſimplex eſt & vniformis, neque vites <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg253"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuas remittit, niſi à contrariis affligatur; neque habet in ſe principium quoddam, ſeu facultatem <lb></lb>cuius ope nunc aliquid accipiat, reſpuat aliàs; neque cur id magis nunc quàm mox expetat. <lb></lb></s> <s>cuiuſmodi in homine reperitur quam voluntatem dicimus. </s> <s>idcirco ſemper nititur in ſummum <lb></lb>quod poteſt. </s> <s>Et cùm ea ſit contrariorum vis, vt ſeſe viciſsim retundant; probabile quoque eſt <lb></lb>ipſam plus ab initio valere quàm in progreſſu; nihilominus, quia principio materia repugnat <lb></lb>& plagas quæ ab efficiente infliguntur, fortiter repellit; neque facilè induci poteſt vt deſerat il<lb></lb>lam formam, qua cum diutius conſueuit; minor eſt ab initio progreſſus. </s> <s>At verò cùm materia <lb></lb>bonum illud, quod ab efficiente obiicitur, cęperit deguſtare, libenter etiam cedit imperanti, & <lb></lb>quaſi vires addens efficienti, magis proficit. (ſemper enim bene mobilior ad virtutem fit etiam <lb></lb>quodcunque incrementum ſumpſerit à principio) <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ac ſi demum contrario dominetur efficiens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg254"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad illum perfectionis gradum promouet, quem, vel in ſe habet, ſibi ſimile in ſpecie producens, <lb></lb>ſi fuerit vniuocum; (quicquid enim deficit, materiæ <expan abbr="prohibentisq́">prohibentisque</expan>. </s> <s>vitio tribuendum) vel con<lb></lb>tinet virtute, & modo quodam præſtantiore quàm ſi actu poſsideret tantum eo tempore confe<lb></lb>rens, quantum materia poteſt accipere. </s> <s>Nanque & id ſenſus oſtendit eſſe duo cauſſarum gene<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg255"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra, quorum vnum ſit vniuocum, vt cùm homo hominem gignit, alterum verò quod ab Ariſto<lb></lb>tele nominatur actus, ſiue perfectio; ſiquidem vibex à baculo non ſibi ſimili producatur. </s> <s>nun<lb></lb>quam prouehit vlterius: niſi fortè habilitas materiæ tanta fuerit, vt paullo momento poſsit im<lb></lb>pelli. </s> <s>Nam facilius eſt voluere globum quàm cubum. </s> <s>Itaque nihil agit vltra gradum ſuum; <lb></lb>efficiens quidem vniuocum nihilo plus contribuens quàm in ſe habeat; materia verò non acci<lb></lb>piens, niſi id quod ipſa ſubſtinere poteſt, vbi efficiens ſit diuerſum. </s> <s>ac ſiquando ſecus appareat. <lb></lb></s> <s>cauendum eſt ne forte ſit accidens: nanque album per accidens efficit animal, neúe etiam inſtru<lb></lb>mentum; huius verò proprium eſt, vt alterius virtute munitum moueat. </s> <s>itaque illius beneficio <lb></lb>plus multo poteſt quàm per ſe ipſum valeret. </s> <s>aut ne id propenſioni materiæ ſit adſcribendum: <lb></lb>quia ſæpe ſit vt ipſa per ſe moueatur eodem modo, quo ab efficiente moueretur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>paullo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg256"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>momento plurimum impellitur. </s> <s>Proinde monebat Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nonnulla exiguum conſecuta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg257"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>momentum maximos progreſſus interdum facere. </s> <s>quare etſi vera propoſitio; propter id quod <lb></lb>naſcitur ex euento, facta dubia probationem aliquam poſtulare viſa eſt: itaque ſic confirmari <lb></lb>potuit. </s> <s>tum quòd eius oppoſitum tollit aliud principium quod eſt <expan abbr="euidẽtiſsimum">euidentiſsimum</expan>. </s> <s>omnes enim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg258"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fatentur vniuerſa ex Deo eſſe, <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe cauſſam omnium perfectiſsimam. </s> <s>atqui non valeret, ex <lb></lb>ipſo ſunt omnia, ergo eſt cauſſa perfectiſsima, nam dicet <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> dicere poſſet aliquis, id quod eſt <lb></lb>perfectius, ab eo produci, quod eſt imperfectius, tum item ſi effectus quàm cauſſa perfectior eſſe <lb></lb>poſſet: diuidamus cogitatione effectum in duo, nempe in id quo <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> perfectionem adæquat <lb></lb>ſuam cauſſam, & in id quod exuperat: quæro vnde'nam habeat effectus ille exuperantiam, non <lb></lb>ex ſe: quia quicquid eſt in effectu, habet cauſſam, non à cauſsis: quia nihil dat, quod non habet <lb></lb>actu, ſeu virtute, Quòd ſiquando par fuerit, aut propemodum vtriuſque contrarij robur & agen<lb></lb>tis & patientis, in tertium vtraque ſimul degenerant. </s> <s>Omnis verò efficientis promotio ſenſim <lb></lb><expan abbr="paullatimq́">paullatimque</expan>. </s> <s>fit, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> appareat vllo vnquàm tempore naturam ab extremo ad extremum facere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg259"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutationem, niſi per certa & conuenientia media feratur. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti bonus grammaticus ac<lb></lb>cipiens puerum informandum prius vocem componere docet; deinde monſtrat vocum notas; <lb></lb>tum inſtituit ad orationem ſtruendam, ad extremum tradit præcepta ornatè loquendi: ſic natu<lb></lb>ra per debitos apparatus ab imo ad ſummum procedit. </s> <s>Neque tantum ordinatus iſte progreſ<lb></lb>ſus in rebus producendis obſeruatur; verùm ſi ordinem quoque rerum ſpectes, ab imo quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg260"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt propemodum nihil, ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> per interualla conuenientia procedit. </s> <s>Cęterùm de hoc aliàs. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc illud ſpeculemur, quemadmodum natura efficiendo media tranſeat. </s> <s>Id autem accipien<lb></lb>dum nobis eſt, cùm in habentibus intentionem & remiſsionem, tùm in omnibus aliis mutationi<lb></lb>bus per ſe, quæ ſcilicet non pendent ex alia mutatione, etenim ex eo dexter cùm ego tibi ſim, fio <lb></lb>ſiniſter; non ſanè, quia muter; ſed quòd tu ipſe moueris: at verò albus fio, aliquid ipſe accipiens, <lb></lb>& in me ipſo facta perturbatione. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> De his ergo mutationibus loquor. </s> <s>In omnibus autem acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg261"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pio per hæc tempora, quod pluribus poſteà perpendetur, ineſſe neceſſario quædam media, ſeu <lb></lb>gradus quoſdam, ſeu materiæ proceſſus & poteſtatis, quibus ab imo & non ente ad ſummum & <lb></lb>oppoſitum perducatur, vt cùm à primo gradu ad octauum albedo ſit prouehenda, natura à pri<lb></lb>mo ad ſecundum, mox ad tertium, & ſic ordinatè procedendo producit albedinem. </s> <s>Hęc quidem <lb></lb>media ſunt, quæ vocat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita definiens. </s> <s>In quod prius aptum natura eſt perue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg262"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nire id quod mutatur, quàm in quod vltimum mutatur, ſecundum naturam continuè mutatio<lb></lb>nem patiens, vbi mutatio vult eſſe continua, non intermiſſa; ſiquidem, vbi intermittatur, illud <lb></lb>momentum, in quo mutatio ceſſat, iam extremum eſt, quo res iam mutata eſt & exiſtit, non am<lb></lb>plius mutatur. </s> <s>ac ſiquid ipſi reſpondeat, quod ſit ſecundum naturam, ideſt forma: ſin minus; <pb pagenum="26"></pb>eſt quiddam imperfectum. </s> <s>quamquàm de hoc poſtea tractabitur. </s> <s>& cùm hoc inter, ſit, dum ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg263"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus, iam liquet ipſum non pertinere ad formam & actum, ſed ad poteſtatem & materiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter non eſt cur expectes media, ſicut viride & rufum; nam ſunt hęc aliquid actus; nec <lb></lb>omnino ea media, quæ formæ dicuntur; ſed media, quæ ſunt poteſtatis & materiæ, quę dicuntur <lb></lb>tranſitus. </s> <s>Itaque cùm in omni motu ſit aliqua poteſtas, cuius actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> imperfectus eſt motus: <lb></lb>planum eſt, quòd in omni motu ſeu mutatione per ſe tale <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> intercedit. </s> <s>Id omne percurren<lb></lb>dum eſt, nec quicquam prętereundum, modo ea ſe deinceps ſuaptè natura conſequantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>modo à poteſtate ad actum totis viribus natura contendit. </s> <s>Hinc efficitur, vt ea quæ origine ante<lb></lb>cedunt, ſint imperfectiora, & ea demum poſtremò loco natura perficiat quorum productio diffi<lb></lb>cilior & vſus maior. </s> <s>cùm enim eiuſmodi ſint, multa flagitant ex quibus ſubſiſtant. </s> <s>Mitto hîc ea <lb></lb>quæ ſunt origine <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> priora; ſed eius ingenij, vt ab illis cętera, tanquam à cauſſa principe pen<lb></lb>deant, vel vt i de cordis ortu Ariſtotelis ſententia fertur. </s> <s>Atqui & hæc item pluribus aliàs, à pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg264"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſito ne diſcedamus. </s> <s>Atque ea quidem, quæ natura producit, ita procedunt, vt perficiatur im<lb></lb>perfectum paullatim proficiens, donec ad ſummum peruenerit. </s> <s>At verò ſic ea quæ intercedunt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõnexa">connexa</expan> ſunt, vt poſterius ſine priore non exiſtat, quemadmodum paries ſine fundamentis. </s> <s><expan abbr="cęterũ">cęterum</expan> <lb></lb>& illa omnia quæ antecedunt, ita ſe reſpiciunt, vt proximè antecedens ſit gratia conſequentis. </s> <s>& <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg265"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vniuerſa ſimul, eius gratia quod omnium <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Nanque omnia quæ ſtrùit & molitur ędi<lb></lb>ficator, ſunt gratia domus: ſed parietes gratia tecti, fundamenta gratia parietum. </s> <s>Itaque priora <lb></lb>natura ſunt dupliciter, vel origine, vel perfectione ex quibus ille ordo naſcitur, qui à natura non <lb></lb>ſecus ſeparari nequit, quàm lumen à Sole. </s> <s>Ex illo enim vinculo quo colligatæ ſunt res naturales, <lb></lb>id naſcitur vt hoc ex hoc ita pendeat, vt nec ex alio pendêre poſsit, nec aliud ex illo. </s> <s>Etenim, ſi fa<lb></lb>ſtigium <expan abbr="imponẽdum">imponendum</expan> eſt, neceſſe eſt parietes extruantur: & ob id extruuntur parietes, vt imponi <lb></lb>queat, nec ſine parietibus extaret faſtigium: neque item erigeret parietes ædificator, niſi vellet iis <lb></lb>ipſum imponi. </s> <s>Atque ita rata ſunt tempora & vices quibus iſtiuſmodi opera à natura admini<lb></lb>ſtrantur, vt niſi quid violens obſtet, eundem ſemper ſucceſſum atque exitum quęque res habitu<lb></lb>ra videatur. </s> <s>Ea tibi tempora præfinita, quibus embryon in vtero formatur & exit in luminis oras <lb></lb>atque aliud maris, aliud fęminę. </s> <s>vides ætatum progreſſus inuariabiles. </s> <s>conſpicis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſucceſsiones <lb></lb>tempeſtatum ſumma conſtantia gubernatas quæ cùm à certo naturæ principe regantur, <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> <lb></lb>illam ęquabilem in mundo inferiore progignunt. </s> <s>M<gap></gap>e nunc rerum viciſsitudines; <expan abbr="cõuerte">conuerte</expan> te ad <lb></lb>rerum gradus <expan abbr="cõtemplandos">contemplandos</expan>, ita diſpoſita ſanè ſunt vniuerſi membra, vt quo altius ſe <expan abbr="ſuſtulerũt">ſuſtulerunt</expan>, <lb></lb>eo quoque pręſtantiora ſint. </s> <s>aciem intende in ea omnia ex quibus vniuerſa rerum eſſentia coale<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg266"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcit; ſic à ſummo ad ima <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> progredi perſpicies, vt paruo quodam interuallo ſingulæ naturę <lb></lb>diſcretæ, vniuerſam eſſentiæ latitudinem <expan abbr="cõpleant">compleant</expan>, nihil inane relinquant, nullam <expan abbr="intercapedinẽ">intercapedinem</expan> <lb></lb>faciant, & ſingula ſuis partibus & numeris abſoluta ſunt, & ſuis quæque locis <expan abbr="officiisq́">officiisque</expan>. </s> <s>diſpenſa<lb></lb>ta, vt æquiſsimè naturam <expan abbr="inſtiſsimã">inſtiſsimam</expan> venerabilis ille ſenex appellarit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam ſi pro merito cuique <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg267"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proſpicere ac diſtribuere inſtitiæ <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> eſt; cùm id optimè natura præſtiterit, iure inſtiſsima per<lb></lb>hiberi poteſt, & tanquam legislator ille cui leges à Deo dictatæ fuerint, ordine admirabili cuncta <lb></lb>diſponens & cuique ſuum tribuens, ſeruat illud iuſtitiæ genus, quod diſtributiuum vocant: ſic de <lb></lb>natura ipſa confitendum eſt. </s> <s>Quocirca & ipſa eſt vera rerum ratio, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc eſt verus ordinis auctor <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg268"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& quicquid pręter rationem iſtam exiſtit, eſt omnino pręter naturam. </s> <s>Itaque infinitum, quia po<lb></lb>ſitum eſt extra omnem rationem, ab ipſa natura non recipitur. </s> <s>ordo enim cuiuſque proprius eſt <lb></lb>natura <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> qui citra <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conſiſtit, in infinito verò ratio nulla, neque ad ſeipſum, neque <lb></lb>ad aliud. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quęque res in natura ſe habet, vt pro illa ratione producatur, quę <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> iis numeris, <lb></lb>de quibus <expan abbr="explicatũ">explicatum</expan> eſt nuper, & qui aut ſemper, aut <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> obſeruantur. </s> <s>hęc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> poſita eſt in <lb></lb>ratione materię ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſenſilia <expan abbr="cõflata">conflata</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>itaque ordo, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> natura quę motus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg269"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> eſt, ſed natura .i. </s> <s>natio ſtatuetur, quinto naturę ſignificato, de quo alibi dicetur. </s> <s>Niſi etiam tu <lb></lb><expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> materię ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe velis cauſſam <expan abbr="eſſentialẽ">eſſentialem</expan> productionis <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, quod po<lb></lb>ſtea <expan abbr="diſputandũ">diſputandum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Nam ſi ita <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſumpſeris, facilè concedemus, <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> eſſe naturam .i. </s> <s><expan abbr="princi-piũ">princi<lb></lb>pium</expan> originis: quippe qui <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan> vtraſque cauſſas, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> per ſe exiſtit <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="qũocunq;">qunocunque</expan> <lb></lb>ordo proprius eſt natura <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan>, quo illa quę carent, pręter naturam habenda erunt, ea verò <lb></lb>ſunt, quę rarò eueniunt, & incertos exitus inſuper obtinent. </s> <s>Vbi ordo, ibi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="quidpiã">quidpiam</expan>; vbi pri<lb></lb>mum, ibi quoque <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ordo ſit maximè naturalis, videtur neceſſariò conſequi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg270"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niſi ſemper in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, contendere in <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> & abhorrere ab infinito <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="æternitatẽ">æternitatem</expan> exquirit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg271"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tm̃">tum</expan> quoque reſpuat <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod <expan abbr="ęternũ">ęternum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſimul exiſtit, ſemper ſuo fine potitur, à qui<lb></lb>bus <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> longiſsimè abeſt, particulatim exoriens & <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> perueniens. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> duobus <lb></lb>principiis vniuerſa <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura contineatur, actu <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> & poteſtate, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> actus vnus eſt & vno <lb></lb>videlicet eſſe terminatur; poteſtas, niſi ſumatur ambiguè, ea verò eſt, quæ conuenit cum actu, vt <lb></lb>euenit in æternis, in quibus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſunt eſſe & poſſe: poteſtas, inquàm, reſpicit oppoſita, nihilo ſecius <lb></lb>ita reſpicit oppoſita poteſtas, vt ex iis vnum potiſsimè ſpectet, alterum vel propter illud, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <pb pagenum="27"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg272"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per accidens veluti poteſtas ineſt in materia ad eſſe & non eſſe: ſed planè materia appetit eſſe, <lb></lb>non eſſe autem ſic appetit, vt illud quod expetit, eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>Neque verò re perturbet, quòd <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles vno determinarit poteſtates rationis exortes, & ob id ab iis ſegregarit, quæ ratione <lb></lb>participant. </s> <s>ſiquidem poteſtates rationis exortes ſint, vel actuoſæ, vel patibiles: atque actuoſos <lb></lb>quidem vno determinantur; nos autem de patibilibus in pręſentia diſputamus: illę quidem <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>reſpiciunt: at noſtra poteſtas accipit oppoſita viciſsim. </s> <s>Cùm verò materia ſit partibilis & quo<lb></lb>dammodo præſeferat infinitatem quæ diſperſa in vnum à forma colligitur. </s> <s>idcirco tendere ad <lb></lb>vnum erit formam verſus progredi, & contra regredi ad materiam idem erit, ac perſequi infini<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Si ergo natura declinat infinitum & ad vnum propenſa eſt; planum quod tendere ad for<lb></lb>mam prorſus erit naturale; progredi ad materiam non naturale cenſebitur, aut ſaltem non na<lb></lb>turale ſimpliciter & ſic in melius tendet, & in ipſum perpetuò collimabit, vt quoad eius fieri po<lb></lb>teſt, præſtet id quod melius eſt <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex iis quæcunque rerum ſtatui contingunt, niſi aliter efficere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg273"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cogatur ex neceſsitate materiæ. </s> <s>ſiquidem rubiginem inferro nolit efficere; ſed ferrum ex tali <expan abbr="tẽ-peramento">ten<lb></lb>peramento</expan> conſtat, vt ipſum rubigo neceſſariò conſequatur. </s> <s>Atque hic melioris ſcopus ſic po<lb></lb>teſt apud naturam, vt etiam rebus ad aliud inſtitutis ad aliquod bonum <expan abbr="finemq́">finemque</expan>. </s> <s>abutatur, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>in animali neceſſe ſit eſſe aliquos meatus, vnde redundantiæ repurgentur, eiſdem quoque natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg274"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra melioris <expan abbr="finisq́">finisque</expan>. </s> <s>gratia, nimirum propagationis, vt alterum tale producatur, quale ipſum eſt, <lb></lb>abuſa ſit. </s> <s>At verò ea quæ poteſt exhibere natura, vel æterna ſunt, vel caduca, quæ ſanè pluſquam <lb></lb>ſpecie ſeparantur. </s> <s>hæc vt natura diſiuncta ſunt; ſic varijs ſunt obnoxia legibus, id enim quod in <lb></lb>æternis effici poteſt æternum eſt: quod verò in caducis ex iis ſępe exiſtit, quæ varietatem reci<lb></lb>piunt; <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>diuino inſtinctu concitata natura, rem minorem maiori <expan abbr="potioriq́">potiorique</expan>. </s> <s>accommodat, <lb></lb>non contrà maiorem <expan abbr="nobiliorenq́">nobiliorenque</expan>. </s> <s>minori. </s> <s>& id quod inferius eſt, vult inſeruire ſuperiori, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiq́">cuique</expan>. </s> <s>recta ratione vtenti, ſua parat inſtrumenta; nec prius inſtrumenta fabricatur quam de vten<lb></lb>te cogitauerit. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti rectius tibia muſico præbetur quàm tibiam poſsidenti, peritia tibias <lb></lb>inflandi: ſic etiam natura facit. </s> <s>Itaque non immeritò reprehenditur Anaxagoras qui rationem <lb></lb>allaturus, cur homo omnium eſſet animalium prudentiſsimus, eam exponebat quòd manus ha<lb></lb>beret. </s> <s>ac rectè quidem, ſi rationem, vt ſignum exquirebat: ſed ſi veras cauſſas quæſtionis indaga<lb></lb>bat; recta ratio poſtulat, vt idcirco fateamur homini datas eſſe manus, quia ſit animal prudentiſ<lb></lb>simum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Atque ita melius eſt. </s> <s>Semper igitur deterius gratia melioris: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ita generale, vt per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg275"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>artes & naturam ęquè pertineat. </s> <s>Itaque ſapientes pacis cauſſa bellum gerunt; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> laborem ſpe otij <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg276"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg277"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuſtentant. </s> <s>Sed requirat hoc loco quiſpiam, ſit ne cauſſa hoc quod dicimus eſſe melius; an po<lb></lb>tius effectus, & cum cauſſa ponatur. </s> <s>quod nam cauſſæ genus ſit; & quemadmodum cauſſæ offi<lb></lb>cio fungatur. </s> <s>Et planè inficiari non licet, hoc ab Ariſtotele inter cauſſarum genera recenſeri: in<lb></lb>quit enim ſe habere quàm poteſt optimè cauſſam eſſe. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>tam pręcipuam exiſtimaſſe vide<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg278"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, vt neceſſe ſit, ſi melius hoc modo foret: ita quoque ſe habere naturam: quaſi nulla prior <lb></lb>cauſſa afferri queat: ideo iure optimo non ſeiungetur à fine, hanc enim omnium cauſſam potiſsi<lb></lb>mam ponit vnuſquiſque artifex, ſed præcipue naturalis. </s> <s>Ita verò ſe habet vt finis. </s> <s>Nam cùm ſit <lb></lb>in vniuerſo primum quoddam immortale, & ineffabile, ſimpliciter ens, & ſimpliciter bonum; <lb></lb>ex hoc cętera impetrant quòd ſint, & quòd bona ſint quodam tamen ordine, vt quæ naturam, <lb></lb>ſiue eſſentiam illam magis imitantur: perfectiora <expan abbr="melioraq́">melioraque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint, huiuſmodi verò ſunt actus & <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ quæ actu ſunt, primum materiæ exortes, deinde materiatæ: atque illæ quidem è tri<lb></lb>plici ſerie corpora cęleſtia, forma & indiuidua, quibus eſſe & bonitas impertita ſunt miris mo<lb></lb>dis. </s> <s>atque adeo, vt vniuerſa rerum latitudo gradibus omnibus completa ſit quos aliqua nota di<lb></lb>ſtinctos excipere poteſt. </s> <s>Ergo quod eſt, & quod bonum eſt, cùm ſuoptè ingenio ſit finis & ex<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg279"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>petendum; efficitur, vt natura ſemper expetat id quod melius eſt, & quàm maximè præſtare co<lb></lb>netur ita ſuum finem adeptura. </s> <s>A ſuperioribus ergo principiis hoc cauſſæ genus extitit, & de<lb></lb>ſcendit quodammodo cęlitus. </s> <s>Itaque ſine errore natura producit, & vt melius non poſsit. </s> <s>ac ſi<lb></lb>quis corrigere aliquid volet, vt turpiſsimus ille Momus, aut deterius faciet, aut id quod fieri <lb></lb>non potuit, optabit. </s> <s>Sic cùm melius ſit eſſe quàm non eſſe, natura potius ineſſe quàm non eſſe <lb></lb>contendet: & ſi poterit; æternum numero faciet; ſi minus, vt æternum ſucceſsione ſit, & ſpecie, <lb></lb>curabit; nihil minus, quam ſibi perniciem molietur, niſi fortè per accidens; vt ignis qui, cum in <lb></lb>aliena materia conſiſtat, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>neceſſariò nutriatur; ſi permanere velit, eam quoque neceſſariò <expan abbr="cõ-ſumit">con<lb></lb>ſumit</expan>; itaque & neceſſariò necem ſibi parat. </s> <s>& quia res tùm perfecta eſt, cum iis muneribus fun<lb></lb>gi poteſt, quibus ipſam natura deſtinauit, id ſummopere expetet; atque expetet, ſiquando <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ha<lb></lb>beat, aut ſi non eo modo habeat, quo bene eſt; ac ſi obtinuerit; tanquàm in oportuno diuerſorio <lb></lb>requieſcet. </s> <s>Hic <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> finis cum forma <expan abbr="cõgruit">congruit</expan>, cuius cùm tantum ſit <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> in naturę operibus <lb></lb>etiam nos admonet & impellit in iis veſtigandis, vt maiorem formæ rationem habeamus, quàm <lb></lb>materiæ, quod veteres philoſophi non perſpicientes toto cęlo aberrarunt. </s> <s>nil enim aliud quàm <lb></lb>materiam, naturam eſſe crediderunt, formas habuere pro accidentibus ac ſi quod aliud prin <pb pagenum="28"></pb>cipium poſuere præter materiam, mouens erat, ſiue amor, vt cenſuit Parmenides, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiue (vt me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg280"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg281"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minit Cicero <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>) ſtephane à coronæ ſimilitudine dicta, hoc eſt, continens ardore lucis orbis, qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg282"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cingit cęlum quem appellat Deum: aut etiam mens, vt putauit Anaxagoras, vel lis & amicitia <lb></lb>quas potuit Epedocles; licet ad illa confugiant vt tragici poëtę, cum explicare argumenti exitum <lb></lb>non poſſunt. </s> <s>Igitur cùm illis certandum fuit & error eorum confutandus. </s> <s>id verò cum omni <lb></lb>induſtria confectum fuerit ab Ariſtotele; facit quominus ego credam ſententiam cęteroqui ve<lb></lb>riſsimam nempe. </s> <s>Naturam eſſe aut agere gratia rei cuiuſpiam, cum principiis eſſe <expan abbr="numerandã">numerandam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque verò mihi placet quod aliqui defendunt, non directò <expan abbr="certisq́">certisque</expan>. </s> <s>rationibus, ſed elenchicè <lb></lb>tractari ſententiam illam qua ratione liceat inire certamen cum iis qui principia refutant. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>ſi diſputationis illius progreſſum animaduertas; ex propriis eius methodi principiis rem quo<lb></lb>que confectam fuiſſe reperies, & aliqua vt vera aſſumpta, non data; qui mos ſcientiarum pro<lb></lb>prius eſt; neque vt illò tendentia quò elenchica <expan abbr="cõfutatio">confutatio</expan> dirigitur (huius enim ſcopi ſunt quin<lb></lb>que repugnantia, falſum, inopinabile, ſolœciſmus, & nugatio) ſed vt oſtendentia ſic eſſe & ſenſu <lb></lb>munita qui certus eſt index in phyſicis; & eiuſmodi quę in illa principia reſolui poſsint, quę phy<lb></lb>ſicus pro certiſsimis accipit. </s> <s>Et indicat hoc propoſitio quæſtionis quæ per notum exponitur quę <lb></lb>cauſſam ſignificat, nimirum <foreign lang="grc">διότι</foreign>, ideſt quamobrem qua, tametſi optimi autores vſi ſint pro ſim<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg283"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plici, quæ eſt <foreign lang="grc">ο̂τι</foreign>, ideſt quòd, nihilominus à nobis pro cauſſa accipienda eſt, eo quòd indicat <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τό βέλτιον</foreign>, & melius quòd finem eſſe ſuprà docuimus; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſe profitetur afferre Ariſtoteles, vt <lb></lb>dubitationem ſoluat: atqui dubitationum ſolutiones ſunt ea quæ demonſtrantur. </s> <s>Itaque non <lb></lb>elenchicè, ſed phyſicè tractatum fuit hoc theorema. </s> <s>Planum eſt quidem eſſe finem, & ex hac <lb></lb>cauſſa reddi poſſe rationem complurium problematum: liquet etiam methodos accipere qua<lb></lb>tuor genera cauſſarum: ſed illud obſcurum & inquirendum; ſit'ne aliquis finis, cuius ergò natu<lb></lb>ra operetur: & an ſolus materiæ curſus, vt antiqui voluerunt; ea præſtet, quæ fini tribuit in na<lb></lb>tura philoſophus. </s> <s>Idcirco mea quidem ſententia erit hoc non principium, ſed theorema. </s> <s>Natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg284"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ram agere cuiuſpiam rei gratia. </s> <s>Tritum quoque illud eſt apud philoſophos naturales cauſſam <lb></lb>ei præferri cuius eſt cauſſa. </s> <s>Nunc cauſſa multis modis ea reſpicit quorum eſt auctor. </s> <s>Etenim vel <lb></lb>in nomine & ratione conuenit, vt cum filio pater, vel actus eſt & perfectio: rurſus cauſſa vel eſt <lb></lb>in mente, vel in reipſa: tum tertiò cauſſa vel princeps eſt, vel inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Prætereà cauſſa eſt <lb></lb>aut poteſtas, aut actus. </s> <s>Poſtremò cauſſa pertinet ad eſſe, cùm vbi quippiam gignitur; tùm etiam <lb></lb>poſtquam genitum eſt: nanque operatio iam eſt rei genitæ &cum fine cenſeri ſolet. </s> <s>Atqui per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg285"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpicuum eſt cauſſam illam quæ perfectio nuncupatur, modo quodam nobiliore quàm cauſſas <lb></lb>vniuocas, effecta ſua continere, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem ipſis quoque præſtantiores eſſe, poſtquam ex illius <lb></lb>gremio, vt ita dicam, effuſa fuerint. </s> <s>Cauſſas item in mente, qualem ponimus eſſentiam, quæ defi<lb></lb>nitione explicatur, ipſi rei quæ exiſtit, præponendas eſſe ſuo loco docebimus, interim pro hypo<lb></lb>theſi ſtatuatur. </s> <s>Omnes etiam confitentur actum poteſtati, vt imperfecto perfectum præcedere, <lb></lb>& cùm materia ſit poteſtas, cęterę cauſſæ ſint actus generatim, materiam excipiunt quæ ſola pro<lb></lb>pter imperfectionem non ſit effectui præferenda; quapropter etiam cùm agens actu exiſtat, pa<lb></lb>tiens verò ſit poteſtate; agens patienti ſine controuerſia præponunt. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem quia ſe habet <lb></lb>inſtrumentum ad cauſſam principem vt patiens ad agens, eodem iudicio perhibemus inſtrumen<lb></lb>tum non modo cauſſæ mouenti poſtponendum, verùm etiam effectui poſtponi poſſe; vt ſi effe<lb></lb>ctus à cauſſa vniuoca producatur, proptereà ſemen, licet imperfectum; cauſſa hominis quæ res <lb></lb>eſt perfecta, eſſe poteſt, cum à meliore principio deſcendat, quod eſt homo alter qui actu eſt, at<lb></lb>que perfectus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>notabat veteres Ariſtoteles, quia rationem optimi honeſtiſsimi & pręſtan<lb></lb>tiſsimi principiis denegarent, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd ex ſemine virum naſci perſpicerent, hoc verò imperfectum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg286"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſet. </s> <s>neque intelligerent ſemen non eſſe principium, ſed inſtrumentum quod ex alio penderet: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg287"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id autem perfectum eſſet, cum actu exiſteret à quo ſemen pararetur. </s> <s>Itaque principium <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan>, <lb></lb>& honeſtiſsimum eſt. </s> <s>Et certè ita ſit neceſſe eſt; cùm actus ſit principium ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Nam ma<lb></lb>teria quoque cùm ſit potentia, principiorum numero excluditur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Hæc quidem à nob. </s> <s>conſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg288"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tienter cum cęteris aſſeruntur. </s> <s>De vniuocis, & fine non conuenit: apparet enim eandem eſſe con<lb></lb>ditionem Sophroniſci patris & Socratis filij; atque omnino generatim, cùm vna ſubſtantia indi<lb></lb>uidua gignat alteram, nec vna ſit magis minusúe ſubſtantia quàm altera, neutram eſſe præferen<lb></lb>dam. </s> <s>Prætereà cum finis ſit vel generationis, vel rei genitę, quia rei genitæ finem in ordine acci<lb></lb>dentium collocant, ea verò ſubſtantiæ cedunt omnibus modis, & hoc etiam cauſſæ genus effe<lb></lb>ctui & illi cuius eſt cauſſa, præferendum non eſſe ducunt. </s> <s>Nos contrà in vniuocis etiam cauſſas <lb></lb>effectibus anteponimus; quippe qui cauſſas in actu contemplemur. </s> <s>tùm enim cauſſæ verè ſunt: <lb></lb>atqui cauſſæ in actu cum re conferuntur quæ eſſe poteſt & gignitur, nec dum exiſtit. </s> <s>itaque ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò præſtant. </s> <s>Poſteà longo ſermone nob. </s> <s>oſtendendum eſt functiones eſſe ex ordine <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan>, <lb></lb>& vt actus cum poteſtate conferri. </s> <s>Quamobrem & ab hoc vſque ad illa tempora ſuperſedeamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſatis hoc ſit, quòd ſi actus <expan abbr="ſecũdus">ſecundus</expan> eſt perfectior; actio quoque in ipſo <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> inerit, vt perfectio. <pb pagenum="29"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg289"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Rurſus cùm efficiens & finis bifariam ſe reſpiciant, & vt in optatis, atque vt imponitur ab effi<lb></lb>ciente materiæ; & illo quidem modo monet finis; altero pendet ex efficiente, quæ conſiderantur <lb></lb>ex his cauſsis, quatenus mouent, alias excellunt, quare finis, dum mouet, eſt nobilior, & effi<lb></lb>ciens, dum parat finem, antecellit, Sic dum res fit, & mouens, quatenus mouet; ſemper eſt eo; <lb></lb>quod fit, præſtantius, & eo quod mouetur ab ipſo, ſiue fuerit paſsio quæ afferat interitum, ſeu <lb></lb>perficiens; quòd inter id, quod mouet, & quod mouetur, ſemper quatenus huiuſmodi ſunt, in<lb></lb>tercedit ratio poteſtatis & actus, ob id hoc principium generale redditur, quemadmodum etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg290"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aſſumptum fuit aliquando ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At verò etiam ſi cauſſa præferatur effectui, multis ta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg291"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>men ſimilitudinum notis cauſſa & effectus inuſta ſunt. </s> <s>Vnde etiam ſolet extare effatum com<lb></lb>mune philoſophis & medicis. </s> <s>Similem differentiam in cauſſa efficere ſimilem differentiam in <lb></lb>effectu. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Et verò multa ſunt quæ communiter vtriſque inſunt. </s> <s>Nam cauſſæ per ſe effectus per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg292"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe producunt, eæ quæ per accidens conſimiliter conſtituunt effectus per accidens. </s> <s>Sic cauſsis <lb></lb>actu effecta actu reſpondent, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & cum cauſsis poteſtate, congruunt effectus, qui eſſe poſſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg293"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Si cauſſæ item communes effectus communes exiſtunt: quod ſi ſingulares fuerint; effectus quo<lb></lb>que ſingulares erunt. </s> <s>Ita etiam perpetuorum cauſſas perpetuas eſſe credendum eſt <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg294"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſiles, ſi cauſſas proximas accipiamus. </s> <s>Sed extat præcipuè ſimilitudo inter agentia vniuoca; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg295"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi vniuoca propriè ſumantur, ſiquidem illorum proprium ſit efficere perpetuò tale, qualia ipſa <lb></lb>exiſtunt, vt ſiquid etiam ſit, quod ab alio fiat, vbi fiat per ſe & per verum motum, ſemper à ſi<lb></lb>mili producatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ita calidum à calido propagatur, & à quanto quantum, ſubſtantia conſimi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg296"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>liter à ſubſtantia: atque ita quidem, vt à ſpecie ſpecies, & genus à genere producatur. </s> <s>Nam fit <lb></lb>homo animal & viuens homo ab homine; animal ab animali, viuens à viuente generatur. </s> <s>& ab <lb></lb>eodem omnia hæc; quòd idem homo eſt & animal & viuens. </s> <s>Ab alio verò cauſſarum genere, <lb></lb>quod eſt non vniuocum ob cauſſæ præſtantiam ſimilis effectus gigni neutiquam poteſt. </s> <s>Itaque <lb></lb>reſtat ſolus materiæ <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>conſenſus; ſiquidem tantum efficiat agens non vniuocum, quan<lb></lb>tum materia ſuſtinere valet: neque enim ex hac materia equum verbig. </s> <s>faceret, ſed apem neque <lb></lb>ex eadem materia virum produceret. </s> <s>Itaque optimè dicitur, pro materiæ merito formas exhi<lb></lb>beri; quandò lumen aliter in pellucido recipiatur atque in opaco, vel polito corpore: ita vt, <expan abbr="quã-uis">quan<lb></lb>uis</expan> materia coërceatur à forma terminante eius infinitatem; materia quoque temperet & limi<lb></lb>tet formæ conditiones & vires efficientis: & quod forma efficere melius; hæc contra reddat de<lb></lb>terius. </s> <s>Noui equidem à philoſophis multos de rebus hiſce ſermones haberi: cęterùm quia non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg297"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad veritatem conuellendam, ſed ad eorum explanationem afferuntur. </s> <s>atque ita retinentur, vt <lb></lb>tanquam vera defendantur <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>omnium in phyſica creberrimus vſus eſt, ea nos itidem <lb></lb>more hypotheſeon paucis conficere voluimus. </s> <s>Ac de generalibus phyſiologiæ principiis ha<lb></lb>ctenus dixiſſe ſit ſatis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg205"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg206"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg207"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg208"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg209"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg210"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg211"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg212"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg213"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg214"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg215"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg216"></margin.target>a 2. Prior.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg217"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg218"></margin.target>Ad IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg219"></margin.target>b 9. Met. <lb></lb>Tit. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg220"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg221"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg222"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg223"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg224"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg225"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg226"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg227"></margin.target>a 1. Polit. <lb></lb>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg228"></margin.target>b 1. de An. <lb></lb>Tit. 88. lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de <gap></gap>ep. </s> <s>c. 2. <lb></lb>2. de part. <lb></lb>an. c. 16. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg229"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg230"></margin.target>a 2. De ge<lb></lb>ner. </s> <s>Anim. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 4. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Nota hic <lb></lb>noſtram in<lb></lb>terpręta<lb></lb>tionem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg231"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg232"></margin.target>b 1. Polit. <lb></lb>cap. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg233"></margin.target>c 1. Polit. <lb></lb>cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg234"></margin.target>d 4. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. cap. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg235"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg236"></margin.target>e 2. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg237"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg238"></margin.target>T. 43.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg239"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg240"></margin.target>f 5. De ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. cap. </s> <s>vl. <lb></lb><lb></lb>3 De An. <lb></lb>T. 45.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg241"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg242"></margin.target>IV.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg243"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg244"></margin.target>a Theoph. <lb></lb>1. de cauſſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>plan. </s> <s>c. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg245"></margin.target>b Auer. 2. <lb></lb>Phyſ. T. 77</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg246"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg247"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg248"></margin.target>c <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mac.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg249"></margin.target>d 1. Pol. <lb></lb>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg250"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg251"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg252"></margin.target>VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg253"></margin.target>a 2. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. 59.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg254"></margin.target>b Præd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg255"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg256"></margin.target>c 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg257"></margin.target>d 2. de <expan abbr="tẽp">temp</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg258"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg259"></margin.target>VII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg260"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg261"></margin.target>e c. </s> <s>de ſub.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg262"></margin.target>f 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 2<gap></gap>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg263"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg264"></margin.target>VIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg265"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg266"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg267"></margin.target>a Hippoc. <lb></lb></s> <s>Gal. 5. de <lb></lb>viſu part. <lb></lb>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg268"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 15. 63. <lb></lb><lb></lb>3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg269"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg270"></margin.target>IX.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg271"></margin.target>c 1. de Ge. <lb></lb>an. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg272"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg273"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb><gap></gap> 2. <lb></lb><gap></gap>o. </s> <s>de ince<lb></lb>ſtu anim. <lb></lb>c. 2. 10. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. de part. <lb></lb>an. c. 14. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Gal. 4. de <lb></lb>vſu part. <lb></lb>c. 17. <lb></lb><lb></lb>4. de part. <lb></lb>an. c. 9. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. de Gen. <lb></lb>an. c. 4. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2 de Gen. <lb></lb>an. c. 4. <lb></lb><lb></lb>10. Met. <lb></lb>T. vlt. <lb></lb><lb></lb>8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 56.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg274"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg275"></margin.target>b 4. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg276"></margin.target>c 7. Polit. <lb></lb>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg277"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg278"></margin.target>d 2. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. 34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg279"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg280"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg281"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg282"></margin.target>b 1. De na.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg283"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg284"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg285"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg286"></margin.target>c 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 40.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg287"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg288"></margin.target>d 3. De An. <lb></lb>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg289"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg290"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg291"></margin.target>a 3. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg292"></margin.target>b Gal. lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de <expan abbr="dr̃">differentia</expan> pul.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg293"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg294"></margin.target>d 3. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. 61.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg295"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg296"></margin.target>e Probl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg297"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Specialia phyſiologię principia ponuntur; & aliqua admonitione perſuadentur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOX ad propria veniamus, & non longè ab inſtituto ſermone diſcedentes cauſſarum. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="quoq́ue">quoque</expan> naturam ſpecialius exploremus. </s> <s>Proximum igitur iis quæ diximus, eſt vt con<lb></lb>uenientiam poteſtatis & actus exponamus: & hæc poſita eſt in multis quorum momentum in <lb></lb>omni philoſophia maximum eſt. </s> <s>Neque verò dubium eſſe poteſt poteſtatem hiſce primis di<lb></lb>ſtingui differentiis remoto nimirum & proximo, quis enim aquam dicat eſſe poſſe phialam, niſi <lb></lb>concedat adhuc neceſſe eſſe multas interuenire mutationes, vt phiala fieri queat? </s> <s>nam prius in <lb></lb>vitrum cogatur oportet, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>liqueſcat, mox efficiatur phiala. </s> <s>At idem non inficiabitur <expan abbr="vitrũ">vitrum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg298"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>liquefactum in phialam ſine vllius mutationis interuentu mutari. </s> <s>& tum verè aliquid poſſe fieri <lb></lb>intelliget, cum nihil aliud flagitari videat ad id, vt phiala fiat. </s> <s>tùm verò illa erit poteſtas proxi<lb></lb>ma & vltima qua poſita res exiſtit è veſtigio. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cęterùm in actu quoque gradus iſti quodammo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg299"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do obſeruari poſſunt. </s> <s>vltimus enim atque perfectus cum vltima poteſtate cohæret, quicquid <lb></lb>antecedit, actus ille eſt imperfectus, qui cum motu coniunctus eſt, aliquid abſoluti præſeferens <lb></lb>in accidentibus in ſubſtantia formæ nihil attingens, quia ſit prorſus indiuidua. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb>etiam ſic erit actus proximus, ſiue extremus atque remotus. </s> <s>Dicimus item è poteſtatibus per<lb></lb>fectas eſſe nonnullas, alias imperfectas: ita quoque actus perfectos & imperfectos numerari con<lb></lb>ſueſſe: imperfectos autem illos vocari qui ſunt cum aliquo motu coniuncti, vt diuidi in conti<lb></lb>nuo, quod nunquam eò peruenit, vt diuiſum ſit. </s> <s>quòd homo qui gignebatur, genitus ſit; ille <lb></lb>eſt actus perfectus. </s> <s>Atqui ſecum congruunt differentiæ poteſtatis & actus. </s> <s>Nam cùm poteſtas <lb></lb>actum reſpiciat generatim; remota cum remoto actu coniuncta erit; proxima & extrema cum <lb></lb>actu proximo & extremo. </s> <s>Tum etiam poteſtas imperfecta ſpęctabit actum imperfectum, per<lb></lb>fecta verò perfectum. </s> <s>Ex quo item tanta exiſtit inter vtraque naturæ cognatio, vt quicquid pa<lb></lb>tiendo potentia valet, tantundem actus pręſtare poſsit; <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cęteroqui fruſtra eſſet aliquid in natura, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg300"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="30"></pb>quod ipſi maximè repugnat, vt dictum eſt. </s> <s>Quamquam nos hanc propoſitionem de facto con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg301"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cedimus (vt fertur) non de habilitate, & poteſtatem communiter accipimus, non pro habitudi<lb></lb>ne natiua non ignari multa contingere formæ, cauſſa materiæ, quæ naturam ipſius oppugnent. <lb></lb></s> <s>tantum abeſt vt ad illa ſit propenſa. </s> <s>Ex eodem quoque fonte deriuatur illud. </s> <s>quippe cùm po<lb></lb>teſtas cum actu conueniat in eo quòd pari gradu à remotis vſque ad proxima procedant. </s> <s>Actus <lb></lb>effici in patiente bene affecto. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam quòminus affectum fuerit patiens, eò magis ab actu diſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg302"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bit; quo plures ſubierit mutationes, <expan abbr="paucioresq́">paucioresque</expan>. </s> <s>relinquantur; eo propior erit actus ille perfe<lb></lb>ctus; vbi nulla amplius mutatio relinquatur, iam aderit actus omnibus ſuis numeris & partibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg303"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>abſolutis. </s> <s>Sic ergo conueriunt poteſtas & actus. </s> <s>Eiuſdem quoque notæ eſt. </s> <s>Si vna cauſſa fue<lb></lb>rit, vnum item futurum effectum; quodidem valet, ac ſi dixerimus, ab vno non niſi vnum pro<lb></lb>ficiſci. </s> <s>Hoc quidem vt pronuntiatum accipitur ab Ariſtotele: tametſi propter varias opiniones <lb></lb>philoſophorum abiit in theorema. </s> <s>Veruntamen nos hic rem totam certis legibus adſtringemus <lb></lb>quæ facile concedentur; alibi, ſiquando opportunum fuerit, cum aliis diſſerturi. </s> <s>Ac primum <lb></lb>quidem credimus hoc effatum omne cauſſarum genus complecti: neque de fine & efficiente du<lb></lb>bium eſt apud cęteros etiam, modò conditiones adhibeantur quæ ſuis locis exponentur: neque <lb></lb>minus de forma dubitandum eſt, quandò res vna maximè eſt propter formam <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>cum fi<lb></lb>ne & efficiente conſentit. </s> <s>credo item eandem eſſe rationem materiæ, quamuis ab ea multitudo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg304"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naſcatur: etenim etſi multitudinem facit, ſi naturæ ſuæ dimittatur: attamen inſtinctu meliore <expan abbr="cõ-citata">con<lb></lb>citata</expan> in vnum, quoad poteſt, contendit, nempè in formam. </s> <s>Nunc doceamus, vt in omnibus <lb></lb>cauſsis id defendi valeat. </s> <s>Ac primum accipientes cauſſas naturales voluntate dimiſſa quam ex <lb></lb>æquo oppoſita reſpicere confitemur, eas per ſe ſpectemus, vt non operantur ex accidente vt pro<lb></lb>ximè, vt præcipuè, non vt inſtrumenta; ſiquidem ſaxum à natura feratur in ſuum locum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cadendo viatorem feriat; ſed cadit quidem, vt cùm in ſuum locum peruenerit, ibi quieſcat; via<lb></lb>torem lædit per accidens. </s> <s>& frigus hyeme cogendo calorem, per calorem calorem facit. </s> <s>ac pin<lb></lb>nas ad volatum dedit aui natura; ſed illis abutitur ad corpus contegendum. </s> <s>Calor per ſe proxi<lb></lb>mè & principaliter calorem producit; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>calorem gignit pro virium ſuarum ratione: pro<lb></lb>pterea quòd teporem efficiat, vel quòd impediatur, vel vt via ſit in calorem. </s> <s>Prætereà naſcitur <lb></lb>vnum, quod potiſsimum ſit ab vna cauſſa; multa verò, quæ illi quodammodo ſeruiant. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>rem, quia vis formatrix habet quidem varias poteſtates, & multa ſibi ſtruit quibus vtatur; vnum <lb></lb>tamen eſt quo peruenire ſtudet, in planta ſanè, vt vitam largiatur in equo, vt vim ſentiendi pro<lb></lb>ducat, & propter illud vnum, quod aſſequi conatur, cętera molitur vt vni illi ſeruientia & ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg305"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſum inſtituta. </s> <s>Atque ita vnum eſt quod vult, vt non plura, quæ ſit ordinis eiuſdem ab eadem <lb></lb>cauſſa proficiſci queant, quomodo etiam ſupradictum eſt de materia quæ, ſi reſpicit oppoſita, at <lb></lb>ex illis vnum eſt præcipuum, alterum per accidens, & propter illud. </s> <s>Vnum quoque ab vno in <lb></lb>eodem genere cauſſæ: nihil enim vetat idem à pluribus deſcendere cauſsis diuerſi generis. </s> <s>Vnum <lb></lb>quoque ab vno eſt per ſe, niſi obſtet impedimentum, aut repugnantia materiæ. </s> <s>Nam ſic ſæpe <lb></lb>fit, vt ab eodem habitu vna actio naſcatur; ſed ab impedimento & contrario interpelletur. </s> <s>Re<lb></lb>quiritur etiam vt cauſſæ ſub eadem habitudine ponantur. </s> <s>Nam præſentia formæ producit, ab<lb></lb>ſentia affert interitum; & nauta vigilans eſt autor ſalutis, dormiens verò pernicij cauſſa eſt: ac <lb></lb>Sol accedens calorem facit, frigus verò dum recedit. </s> <s>Cùm verò cauſſæ ſic ſe habeant, vt aut <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">συναίτια</foreign>, ideſt cauſſas adiuuantes poſtulent, aut aliqua pendeant ex ipſis; vnum quoque ſem<lb></lb>per ſingulæ per ſe conficiunt: ſiqua varietas exoritur, reliquis erit adſcribenda. </s> <s>Sic Sol vnum <lb></lb>calorem producit, eodem tamen aquea liquat & fundit, terrea cogit, ita etiam calor ſeu natiuus, <lb></lb>ſiue etiam auctus, cùm pro virium ſuarum ratione ſummum producere queat; nonnunquàm, <lb></lb>vtile efficit, noxium aliàs, quòd pro ratione ſuæ naturæ agens præſtat id, quod ſi ad alterum re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg306"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>feratur; non bene ad ipſum ſe habet, vt cum coquendo pituitam gignit ſanguinem, ſi ſanguinem <lb></lb>coquat, efficit bilem flauam, aut atram, agit hîc quidem ſecundum naturam, ſed propter cauſ<lb></lb>ſas adiuuantes alterum facit quod ſecundum naturam non eſt, nec quidem ſuam, ſed illius, ad <lb></lb>quod inſtiruitur. </s> <s>Eodem modo, cùm Deus vnus omnino ſit, variis rebus, diuerſis modis imper<lb></lb>tit eſſe. </s> <s>Non igitur ab eo naſcitur vlla varietas, aut multiplicitas; ſed à participantibus vniuerſa <lb></lb>proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Itaque non acciperem illam <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> quam à nonnullis imponi intelligo, Deum <lb></lb>(vt Ariſtoteli placere puto) vnum quidem eſſe propter eſſentiam, multiplici verò facultare pol<lb></lb>lere; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ab eo deriuari complura: ſed quia cętera quæ pendent ex illo, non æqualiter idem <lb></lb>bonum accipiunt; hinc varia munera illius extare, quanuis ſit ſimpliciter vnus. </s> <s>Atque harum <lb></lb>legum impoſitio nobis id efficiet, quod dici ſolet. </s> <s>Ab vno vt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, non niſi vnum poſſe deduci.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg298"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg299"></margin.target>f 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg300"></margin.target>g Auer. 1. <lb></lb>De celo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg301"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg302"></margin.target>a 2. De An. <lb></lb>T. 24. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg303"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg304"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg305"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg306"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Si igitur ab vno, quà vnum eſt duntaxat, vnum deriuatur; planum eſt quòd ſi contrariorum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg307"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſa vnica eſt, de quocunque genere accipiatur (vna enim materia contrariorum eſt, <expan abbr="vnumq́">vnumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>efficiens) eam eſſe remotam. </s> <s>proximas igitur contrariorum cauſſas dicemus eſſe contrarias, at<lb></lb>que ita diſiunctas, vt nullo vnquam tempore conſiſtere queant; ſed altera ſemper alteri <expan abbr="perniciẽ">perniciem</expan> <pb pagenum="31"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg308"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>feret; & cùm ſub eodem genere maximo interuallo diſtent, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> maximum verò vnum ſit; ita fit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg309"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt nihil ſibi contrarium eſſe valeat, & contrarium vni ſolum eſſe queat: etenim niſi vnum foret, <lb></lb>id quod ponitur maximum, aliquid ſeipſo maius haberet. </s> <s>aut igitur hoc vnum maximum fo<lb></lb>ret, & ita contrarium eſſet. </s> <s>nanque maximum eſſe interuallum inter ea quæ ſunt generis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, <lb></lb>& quæ finiunt illud contraria vocari, non eſt dubitandum. </s> <s>ſi minus ita infinitum, neque maxi<lb></lb>mum, neque abſolutum. </s> <s>nec contrarium igitur: in illo enim finis quidam neceſſariò concipitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex his paret actum & poteſtatem non eſſe contraria, neque motum & terminum ad quem ten<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>nam poteſtas in actum dirigitur, ita vt ex illis vnum per ſe fiat; & motus tantum abeſt vt à <lb></lb>termino corrumpatur, vt perficiatur maximè ab ipſo. </s> <s>ac ſiquid ineſt inter ipſa oppoſiti; id aſcri<lb></lb>bendum eſt priuationi cum qua eſt coniuncta poteſtas, quæ ſanè forma præſente corrumpitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ab his quæ ponuntur extrema illius ſpatij quod finitur contrariis, alia quoque contraria naſcun<lb></lb>tur, at non perfectè neque ſimpliciter contraria; ſed quodammodo, & quaſi media; verùm hæc <lb></lb>plura eſſe non eſt abſurdum. </s> <s>Atqui perfectè ac ſimpliciter vnum vni contrarium eſt. </s> <s>Nec quiſ<lb></lb>quam medium opponat duobus extremis; neque enim illa eſt oppoſitio contrariorum de qua <lb></lb>nunc agimus; ſed poſita eſt in priuatione, in qua etiam æquale & inæquale conſiſtunt. </s> <s>Nam ne<lb></lb>que etiam hæc contraria ſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed conſimili ratione priuationem præſeferunt. </s> <s>ne fortè ſuſpice<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg310"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg311"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ris medium & extrema, vt vnum vni opponi, tanquam contraria. </s> <s>Hæc nos affirmatione ſigni<lb></lb>ficari volumus. </s> <s>itaque nudum, quòd affirmatione ſignificatur, licet ſit priuans; ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="cõ-trarium">con<lb></lb>trarium</expan> ponitur: & cùm in eodem genere ſint, genus autem à materia ducitur in qua poteſtas <lb></lb>exiſtit ad contraria, viam ad ſe viciſsim habent. </s> <s>Itaque illa quæ in genere conueniunt, ſecum <lb></lb>commutantur: quæ toto genere ſeparantur, vt in materia diſcrepant; ſic quoque nullam ad ſeſe <lb></lb>poteſtatem obtinuerunt, nec commutantur igitur. </s> <s>Proptereà neque quantum in quale muta<lb></lb>tur, cùm genera diuerſa ſint. </s> <s>nec quale omne tranſit in alterum; ſicuti ſapor in odorem, cùm ſint <lb></lb>genera diuerſa. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>illa ſecum commutantur quæ in genere proximo, hoc eſt, in materia pro<lb></lb>xima conuenere. </s> <s>Proinde ita ſe habent contraria, vt vnum actu ſingula ſint, ſed poteſtate alte<lb></lb>rum. </s> <s>eſt enim actu calidum, in potentia <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>. </s> <s>Atque ita ex hiſce principiis conſtitui contraria <lb></lb>puto, vt niſi mihi aliter dicens Ariſtoteles obiiciatur; aut opponatur certa demonſtratio; procon<lb></lb>ſtantiſsimo habeam, ſi tres iſtæ conditiones ad hibeantur; illa neceſſariò fore contraria. </s> <s>maximè <lb></lb>ſub eodem genere diſtare; affirmatione notari; & ad ſeſe mutuam poteſtatem habere. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Proinde <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg312"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecum certant; & ſibi inuicem machinantur interitum. </s> <s>reliqua ſanè, vt (vnis relatiuis exceptis: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg313"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſa enim ſola ſe ſuſtinent viciſsim & <foreign lang="grc">ἀντερειδυσιν</foreign>) non conſiſtunt: attamen non oppugnant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc verò vel per ſe ſunt, vel per accidens, & quidem ſpecie diuerſa contraria ſunt, ſi per ſe con<lb></lb>traria ſint, vt album & nigrum in genere colorum, & in genere ſubſtantiæ, ſi per ſe in ſint in ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, ſi minus: etiam eadem ſpecie eſſe poſſunt, vt iidem contrarij colores in homine. </s> <s>Quare, <lb></lb>cùm per ſe, mortale & immortale ſint in ſubſtantia, in eadem ſpecie conſiſtere nequeunt. </s> <s>per ſe <lb></lb>verò ſunt, quia neceſſariò inſunt: nam quod mortale eſt, caducum ſit neceſſe eſt; immortale verò <lb></lb>perpetuò conſeruatur. </s> <s>Quòd autem ſint contraria perſpicuum eſt; quoniam immortale eſt pri<lb></lb>uatio, ea verò eſt impotentia definita, & cum aliquo actu coniuncta, vnde ſignificatur affirmatio<lb></lb>ne; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>in eodem genere maximo interuallo ab oppoſita forma ſegregatur. </s> <s>Nam quòd <lb></lb>plus quàm genere ſegregentur, aut etiam genere, non dum ſicuti manifeſtum ſumimus. </s> <s>Illud <lb></lb>ſolum ex Ariſtotele ſuccurrit quod aſſerere liceat, quæ genere diſcrepant, apparêre quidem con<lb></lb>traria, veruntamen eo quòd ſecum conferri nequeant & longiſsimè diſtent, neque inter ea maxi<lb></lb>ma poſsit aſsignari diſtantia quæ requiritur in contrariis, non eſſe contraria ſimpliciter; ad extre<lb></lb>mum videtur inferre mortale & immortale genere ſeparari; ac nos ſi genus ſubalternum intel<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg314"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ligere velimus, quod ſub eandem ſeriem cadat, non repugnabimus. </s> <s>ſi prædicamentum <expan abbr="ſeriemq́">ſeriemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>variam ſumimus, ex Ariſtotelis ipſius verbis colligi poſſe negamus. </s> <s>ac ſpecie ſolum ab Ariſtote<lb></lb>le inter ſe diſtingui fatemur: ita enim rationem ſuam complectitur. </s> <s>Contraria ſpecie differunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mortale & immortale contraria ſunt. </s> <s>Aſſumptionem verò probat. </s> <s>Siquidem priuatio ſit quæ<lb></lb>dam impotentia definita. </s> <s>Quid ergo aliud ex his inferri poteſt, quàm quòd mortale & immor<lb></lb>tale ſpecie diſiungantur? </s> <s>itaque pro eo, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> habet <expan abbr="cõtextus">contextus</expan> Ariſtotelicus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> genere diuerſa ſpecie <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg315"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>legendum puto. </s> <s>Hæc verò omnia iubeo te diligenter obſeruare: niſi enim aduertas; oratio per<lb></lb>plexa qua vſus eſt Ariſtoteles; negotium tibi exhibere poſſet. </s> <s>præſertim quòd Græci interpretis <lb></lb>auxilio deſtituti ſumus in eo loco. </s> <s>Quamquam neque ipſe animaduertit, vbi Ariſtoteles docuit <lb></lb>genere differentia in contrariis numerari, quòd eorum maxima differentia foret, hæc eſſe referen<lb></lb>da ad ea, quæ paullò ante dixerat videri, Ariſtoteles; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in illum errorem inductus eſt, quòd <lb></lb>maximè diſtarent ea quæ genere differunt: neque vidit eam diſtantiam ab Ariſtotele, velut infi<lb></lb>nitam poni, vnde contrariorum ratio tollitur. </s> <s>nec enim via poteſt intercedere inter genere toto <lb></lb>differentia quæ ſola reſtat inter ea quæ genere conueniunt. </s> <s>Et verò cur magis diſtet quantum à <lb></lb>ſubſtantia quàm diſtet qualitas, aut vllum aliud ex reliquis prædicamentis? </s> <s>Cùm verò poſteà <pb pagenum="32"></pb>doceret Ariſtoteles oſtenſum eſſe extra genus non eſſe differentias, neque ipſe verba Ariſtotelis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg316"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accepiſſet in eum ſenſum, quòd diſtantia foret infinita, idem quoque repugnantiam maximam <lb></lb>inter Ariſtotelis dicta inculcare coactus eſt, putans, quod ibi inferretur aduerſum ea quæ ſuprà <lb></lb>conſtituta fuerant; pertinere ad illa quæ ſubalterna ſunt, cùm cęteroqui ſuperiora generaliſsimis <lb></lb>accommodarentur. </s> <s>id verò vniuerſam Ariſtotelis ſententiam peruertebat. </s> <s>quandò ea quæ diffe<lb></lb>runt; aliquo differunt: generaliſsima nullo differunt, ſed diuerſa ſunt, hoc eſt ſeipſis diſtinguun<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ex ipſis dialectici fabricant propoſitiones medio vacantes; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ea quæ ſub ipſis exiſtunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg317"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per illa ſeparantur; itaque magis propriè differunt; huic verò oppoſitum autore Alexandro pro<lb></lb>nuntiaſſet Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Potuit verò eos fallere dictum illud Ariſtotelis in extremo X. qui cùm <lb></lb>eos confutaſſet qui ponerent ideas æternas, & quæ eiuſdem rationis eſſent cum ſingularibus “<foreign lang="grc">τὰ <lb></lb>τινὰ</foreign> ipſe ibi vocat. </s> <s>illud adiungit <foreign lang="grc">τἀ δέ ͅ γένει. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἑτερα πλεῖον δισ́φηκεν, ἠ ́τὰ εῖδεί</foreign>.” ideſt ea verò <lb></lb>quæ genere diuerſa ſunt; magis diſtant, quàm ea quæ ſpecie. </s> <s>quaſi antea peroraſſet æternum à <lb></lb>caduco genere diſcrepare. </s> <s>Verùm neque hæc cum proximè dictis cohæreant neceſſe eſt, neque <lb></lb>ex ante conſtitutis neceſſariò colliguntur. </s> <s>ſed videntur potius ſeparatim fuiſſe allata: nam cùm <lb></lb>de diſtantia contrariorum & eorum quæ ſpecie ſegregantur, ſatis <expan abbr="ſuperq́">ſuperque</expan>. </s> <s>diſputatum foret; ea <lb></lb>ſubiungenda quæ ad genera diuerſa pertinerent, vt abſolueretur diſputatio de oppoſitis; itaque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg318"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>docuit ea plus quàm ſpecie differentia diſtare. </s> <s>Nam quæ ſpecie differunt, habent in quo conue<lb></lb>niant, nempe genus; non ſic; quæ genere ſeparantur. </s> <s>Ergo illa ſub eodem genere ſummam obti<lb></lb>nuere diſtantiam, hæc infinito quodam interuallo ſeiunguntur. </s> <s>Quamquam mirum videri po<lb></lb>teſt, ſi diſtant multò magis ea quę genere ſegregantur quàm ea quæ ſpecie; quæ ſpecie diſtinguun<lb></lb>tur, in eodem ſubiecto non conſiſtere; quæ verò genere ſeiugantur, etiam complura eſſe in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <lb></lb>indiuiduo: in eodem enim Socrate eſt & ſubſtantia, & quantum, & quale, & omnia prædicamen<lb></lb>ta. </s> <s>nec tamen idem albus & niger, aut ratione vtens, aut carens. </s> <s>An ita dicemus hæc magis eſſen<lb></lb>tia, & natura diſtingui quàm ea quæ ſunt contraria generis eiuſdem, nullam enim eſſentię partem <lb></lb>habent in qua conueniant: at ſubiecto & materia quæ non eſt eſſentiæ pars, propter eius habili<lb></lb>tatem ad omnes formas diſtant minus; contraria propter inſitam priuationem alterius quæ ineſt <lb></lb>in altero, non modo eſſentia ſecernuntur, ſed etiam ſubiecto: repugnant enim, & ſeſe ex eodem <lb></lb>ſubiecto pellunt viciſsim; illa eſſentia ſanè diſcrepant; ſed non continentia priuationem, niſi for<lb></lb>maliter ea differre dicamus, quòd vnum non ſit id quod eſt alterum; nullam repugnantiam prę<lb></lb>ſeferunt: ſic & ſubſtantia & quantum ſimul eſſe poteſt; licet tota eſſentia ſubſtantia ſeparetur à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg319"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantitate. </s> <s>Ergo æternum & caducum ſpecie ſola diſtinguitur, non etiam genere. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>etſi Auerroës ea plus quàm genere diſtare conſtituit; aut extremis illis X. verbis cum aliis eſt de<lb></lb>ceptus, aut aliò ab interpretibus eius verba torquentur, atque ipſe velit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inquit enim plus quàm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg320"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpecie; ergo etiam plus quàm genere. </s> <s>quis id dabit? </s> <s>& videtur illud voluiſſe tantum quod diffe<lb></lb>rant plus quàm ſpecie ſpecialiſsima; nanque æternum & caducum de multis ſpecie differentibus <lb></lb>prædicantur ſignum eſto, quòd addit eſſe contraria, quæ ſub eodem genere collocantur. </s> <s>Venit <lb></lb>& id mihi in mentem in locum Ariſtotelis irrepſiſſe quandam mendulam, & pro eo quod legitur <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τὰ εἴδεί</foreign>, legendum eſſe <foreign lang="grc">τὰ εἴδη</foreign>, ideſt, ideas, & hunc eſſe illorum verborum ſenſum, quod vel idea <lb></lb>eſt eiuſdem ſpeciei cum indiuiduis, vel ad ſummam ſpecie ſpecialiſsima ſegregatur. </s> <s>ſed æternum <lb></lb>& caducum genere (ſubalterno) diſcrepant; hæc verò maior eſt diſcrepantia quàm ſpecierum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg321"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpecialiſsimarum: ergo non differunt ideę ab indiuiduis vt immortale à caduco. </s> <s>Ex mixtura <lb></lb>contrariorum fit plus & minus. </s> <s>id autem ſic accipiendum eſt, vt faciant contraria circum idem <lb></lb>ſubiectum, & vt eadem ſpecies conſeruetur, vt in accidentibus vſuuenire ſolet: nanque ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ ſic ſe habent, vt quoque minimo dempto, vel addito ſpecies, non ſecus ac numeri dempta, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg322"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel addita vnitate mutentur. </s> <s>Inde natum eſt tritum illud pronuntiatum in accidentibus plus & <lb></lb>minus ſpeciem non immutare, quod tamen ab Ariſtotele negatum eſt <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> (eum verò ſecutus eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg323"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Theophraſtus, à quo Simplicius) in animi affectionibus quæ in quadam mediocritate collocan<lb></lb>tur, ex hac ſi exceſſerint, in vitia conuertuntur. </s> <s>Atque etiam plus & minus ad ſubſtantias per<lb></lb>tinere poteſt & ad alia complura ſine participatione contrarij; nanque indiuidua ſubſtantia ma<lb></lb>gis eſt, quàm ſecunda, ſimiliter accidens quiddam minus eſt quàm ſubſtantia; verum id à Gręcis <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὑφεσῖν τῆς φύσεως</foreign>, ideſt, ſecundum naturæ humilitatem appellatum eſt; vbi quoque <lb></lb>res ſuis quidem partibus abſoluta eſt, ſed deficit tantiſper à ſummo; nec latitudinem complet <lb></lb>eius quod eſt ſimpliciter in eo genere: nam quantum perfectum eſt; neque ideo pollet ea perfe<lb></lb>ctione quam agnoſcimus in ſubſtantia, eiuſmodi tamen, quæ ſibi conueniat. </s> <s>Sed poſtea quibus <lb></lb>& quomodo ſingula aptentur. </s> <s>Hoc item ab Ariſtotele ſemel atque iterum acceptum eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Si <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg324"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg325"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod ex duobus ſit conflatum; vbi alterum exiſtere ſeorſum queat; alterum quoque ſeparari <lb></lb>poſſe. </s> <s>vt, ſi hydromeli ex aqua & melle componitur, ac mel abſolutum ab aqua exiſtit, neceſſe <lb></lb>item eſt aqua ſeparetur à melle. </s> <s>At verò, ſi ſententiam hanc ita generaliter accipiamus, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vereor, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg326"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne veritas illius minuatur: quippe quòd, tametſi ſubſtantia ſeparatur ab accidente, non idcirco <pb pagenum="33"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg327"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidens à ſubſtantia ſeparatur. </s> <s>Præterea ne tollatur eius vſus. </s> <s>Nam ſi vtrunque ſeparatum eſſe <lb></lb>velint, id pro comperto accipiunt quod inquirimus: ex hac enim propoſitione alterum ex illis <lb></lb>ſeorſum exiſtere conamur oſtendere; atqui ſi ita ſumatur, eſt principium, non concluſio. </s> <s>Nec non <lb></lb>id mihi veniebat in mentem, Ariſtotelem, vbicunque eiuſmodi propoſitionem ſumpſiſſet; per<lb></lb>petuò ad mouentia & mobilia accommodaſſe: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quin ſi audiamus Alexandrum; eam quoque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg328"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpecialius ſumptam fuiſſe dicemus; nempe in motu cęleſti ſolùm in quo mobile ſimpliciter eſt; <lb></lb>quippe orbes planetarum, & mouens, & mobile ſimul ſphęra ſcilicet inerrans, & primum <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> <lb></lb>ab omni corpore ſegregatum. </s> <s>Accedit quòd ſi generaliter & indefinitè accipiamus vnum ſeiu<lb></lb>gatum; poterit intelligi primum; at non efficitur inde, vt poſterius abſolutum ſit. </s> <s>Sed quoniam <lb></lb>negare non poſſumus, quin, ſi rerum eſſentia ſpectetur, accidentis item eſſentia ſeparata ſit ab <lb></lb>eſſentia ſubſtantiæ, alia enim eſt vtriuſque eſſentia: quia tamen non efficeret Ariſtoteles id quod <lb></lb>inſtituerat: etenim primum motorem à corpore cęleſti non eſſentia ſolùm, ſed re ſecretum oſten<lb></lb>dere volebat: idcirco dicemus Ariſtotelem de rei ſeparatione verba facere, & in eam partem ac<lb></lb>cipiemus effatum, vt ſi de priore dubium ſit, ſit'ne ſeparatum; à poſterioris ſeparatione conclu<lb></lb>damus etiam prius eſſe abſolutum; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>rerum natura patietur. </s> <s>Nam ſi poſterius ex aliquo pen<lb></lb>det, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe ſubſiſtit; multò magis exiſtet per ſe prius; quia non pendeat ex alio. </s> <s>atque illud <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg329"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſterius, ſic ab altero ſeparari debere putamus, vt ab aliis omnibus abſolutum ſit. </s> <s>Idcirco etiam<lb></lb>ſi materia ſeparetur à forma: quia non ſimpliciter à forma ſeparatur, neque formam (de mate<lb></lb>riata nunc agimus) à materia liberam eſſe continget. </s> <s>Vbi igitur abſolutum ſit poſterius; prius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>multò magis abſolutum ſit, neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>abſolutum, inquam, vt ſubſiſtens, non autem, vt eſſentiæ <lb></lb>priuilegio, ſiue functionis ab alio pendet. </s> <s>Nam Socrates eſt res abſoluta, quia conſiſtit partibus <lb></lb>vniuerſis, ex quibus illud deriuatur, quod dicimus <foreign lang="grc">ὐπαρχεῖν</foreign>, ideſt, exiſtere. </s> <s>Quòd ſi pendeat <lb></lb>ab alio, tanquam mouente; nil veritati propoſitionis obſtat, modò cauſſas internas & affectus, vt <lb></lb>in ſubiecto, velut patiente inſunt, cęteris cogitatione ſeuocatis aduertamus, non excludentes à <lb></lb>Deo reliqua pendere, propterea quòd ſint, aut quòd illum imitando operentur: illud verò ap<lb></lb>probantes, quòd primum quod ſeparatum eſſe colligere ſtudemus, abſolutum quoque ſit & à <lb></lb>nullo pendeat ex conſequentibus, neque vt ſit, neque vt operetur. </s> <s>Sed illud mihi placet magis <lb></lb>hæc non generatim, ſed appoſitè ad motum primum pronuntiata fuiſſe ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Et illud <lb></lb>item ab Ariſtotele receptum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ex poteſtate & actu, ſiue è materia & forma aut ex corpore, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg330"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg331"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animo vnum fieri per ſe, cuius nulla demonſtratio poſsit afferri, quippe quòd ea ſit illorum vis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg332"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& natura, nec in alia principia reſoluatur. </s> <s>Nam quamuis Ariſtoteles olim pronuntiarit oppoſi<lb></lb>tum in medio afferens aliud principium, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> per quod vnum fiat ex illis; rem ipſam ſpectat, dum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg333"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fit: tunc enim requiritur efficiens quod iungat hæc duo principia diuerſa; & finis cuius gratia ſic <lb></lb>agat efficiens; nos autem hîc verba facimus de re, poſtquàm genita eſt & interna principia ſcru<lb></lb>tamur; Vnum igitur fit ex illis non vt colla, glutine, aut clauo, neque item compoſitione, aut <expan abbr="cõ-tinuatione">con<lb></lb>tinuatione</expan>; ſed quòd poteſtas eſt res quæ perfectionem poſtulat, eius autem perfectio eſt actus; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo materia ſe habet ad formam, & corpus animalis ad animam. </s> <s>hoc totum, <expan abbr="inquã">inquam</expan>, <lb></lb>eſt ex eorum natura. </s> <s>Cùm enim eſſe dicatur multis modis, vt poteſtate & actu; illud verè eſt <lb></lb>quod eſt actus, vnde impetrarunt alia quòd ſint. </s> <s>Cùm ergo materia ſit poteſtas, forma verò <lb></lb>actus, materia per ſe non conſtat, ſed ſocietatem formæ requirit, vt ſit: ſic etiam corpus organi<lb></lb>cum, quia potentia vitam habet, non actu, vt eam habeat, animæ præſentia opus eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam <lb></lb>igitur oportet vt illi pręſto ſit forma, huic autem animus; ſi eſſe debent: idcirco vnum fit ex ma<lb></lb>teria & forma. </s> <s>Et per analogiam ad hæc quòd certum efficiens incutiat actum certo ſubiecto, <lb></lb>quod item indemonſtrabile teſtatur eſſe Philoſophus, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quippe quòd hæc ſit eorum natura. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg334"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg335"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>In rebus etiam natura conſtantibus certa eſt & determinata ratio magnitudinis, & paruitatis, <lb></lb>cùm vt forma conſiſtat, tùm etiam vt efficienti parere valeat: nanque etſi materiæ cauſſa diuiſio <lb></lb>procedit in infinitum; at vbi illa ratio corrumpatur; intereat forma neceſſe eſt priuata inſtrumen<lb></lb>tis quibus ſuis muneribus fungi debebat: neque enim patitur natura aliquid otioſum. </s> <s>Et debita <lb></lb><expan abbr="conueniensq́">conueniensque</expan>. </s> <s>rei magnitudo deſideratur in patiente; quandò magna magnam vim pro ratione <lb></lb>corporis habentia valdè reſiſtunt, parua eludunt agentia. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Etiam conſtat naturam gignendo à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg336"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principio ad principium tendere nempe ab efficiente quod eſt actu, ad finem & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ ſunt <lb></lb>ratione & eſſentia priora, licet vltima generatione. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Hinc efficitur vt res aliter in natura ſe ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg337"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>beat, dum fit, ac poſtquàm facta fuerit: nam quæ poſteriora generatione, hæc ſunt natura prio<lb></lb>ra, & contra quæ prius natura ſunt ea ſint vltima generatione. </s> <s>Hæc de communibus phyſio<lb></lb>logiæ totius effatis dicere libuit quæ maioris ponderis eſſe intelligeremus, quibus theoremata <lb></lb>fundarentur quæ de motu generatim inſtituimus, alia reiicientes ad illa, quæ de reliqua re natu<lb></lb>rali ſcribere cogitamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg307"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg308"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg309"></margin.target>a 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg310"></margin.target>b 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg311"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg312"></margin.target>c 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg313"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg314"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg315"></margin.target>d Bis in eo<lb></lb>dem T. 26</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg316"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg317"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg318"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg319"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg320"></margin.target>b Diſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Diſpu. 2. <lb></lb>Sol. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg321"></margin.target>IV.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg322"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg323"></margin.target>c 8. Eth. <lb></lb>c. </s> <s>vlt. <lb></lb></s> <s>lib. <foreign lang="grc">πεζι<lb></lb>παθῶν</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg324"></margin.target>d 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 35.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg325"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg326"></margin.target>e Zim. <lb></lb></s> <s>Theo. 174.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg327"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg328"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg329"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg330"></margin.target>b 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. vlt. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg331"></margin.target>VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg332"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg333"></margin.target>c 2. de Ge. <lb></lb>T. 51.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg334"></margin.target>d 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg335"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg336"></margin.target>e 1. De ort.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg337"></margin.target>f 2. de Par. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 1.</s></p><pb pagenum="34"></pb> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm principia ſuperius expoſita ſint ea nota nobis quæ 1. Phyſ. propoſuit Ariſtoteles an non.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg338"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg338"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVE ea quidem nob. </s> <s>nota ſunt annum illa, à quibus initium ſuę phyſiologię ſumpſit <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles? </s> <s>Equidem neque hæc excepta fuiſſe puto, neque ſola comprehenſa; ſed aliud <lb></lb>genus eorum quæ ſint nota nob. </s> <s>ab Ariſtotele proponi credo quæ <expan abbr="reſoluẽtes">reſoluentes</expan> manu duceremur in <lb></lb>eorum notitiam, quæ nobis ignota forent, & cùm ſimpliciter nota eſſent; nobis quoque nota fie<lb></lb>rent: vbi verò notuiſſent, lucem rebus afferrent quæ licet noſcerentur à nob. </s> <s>ſimpliciter, tamen <lb></lb>ignorabantur; ita enim noſcebantur à nob. </s> <s>vt ſenſui ſeſe offerebant; & cum cauſſas haberent ex <lb></lb>quibus aptę eſſent, ſine cauſſa noſcebantur; rerum verò cauſſas habentium legitima cognitio pa<lb></lb>ratur auxilio cauſſarum: ſed his inuentis per reſolutionem eorum quæ ſunt nota nob. </s> <s>adhibito <lb></lb>quodam gyro rationis, in iis agnoſcuntur ea viciſsim quæ nob. </s> <s>nota ſunt. </s> <s>vt ſi hydromeli ſubij<lb></lb>ceretur oculis noſtris, id rotum ſpectaremus, neque tamen intelligeremus quid eſſet, quibusúe ex <lb></lb>partibus conſtaret; ſeplaſiarius verò ipſum accipiens in mel & aquam reſolueret, ex hydromeli<lb></lb>te quidem mel, & aquam dignoſceret, & ex iis hydromelitos eſſentiam indicaret. </s> <s>Atque hic qui<lb></lb>dem progreſſus accommodatur ad omnia quæ nobis nota ſunt, niſi fortè eadem ſint nobis, & na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg339"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura nota, quemadmodum euenire ſolet in mathematicis. </s> <s>ſed apud phyſicum ſanè pauca, ne di<lb></lb>xerim nulla, ſunt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Cùm verò communiter hoc conueniat in illa omnia quæ nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>nota ſunt; nos hîc ſpeciem quandam tractare volumus, vbi videre quoque oportet, quo hæc <lb></lb>quibus de nunc agimus à cęteris ſeiungantur, & quodnam peculiare <expan abbr="propriumq́">propriumque</expan>. </s> <s>præſeferant <lb></lb>quod attinet ad eorum conſtitutionem & modum quo nobis afferunt auxilium ad reliqua co<lb></lb>gnoſcenda quę ignoramus; ac principia primùm, quæ cùm ſeſe demerſerint in profundum, à no<lb></lb>ſtris ſenſibus longiſsimè receſſerunt, vt iis optimè perſpectis, illa vnde primùm voluere, pro<lb></lb>bè intelligerentur. </s> <s>antè enim erat inchoata illorum cognitio, quippe ex ſenſu & per accidens; po<lb></lb>ſtea perfecta & per ſuas cauſſas, mox alia quæ cùm pendeant ex illis, à nob. </s> <s>nullo pacto cogno<lb></lb>ſcuntur; neque enim ſentimus ea, quæ in centrum mundi ſeſe abdidere; ſed ratio dictat ibi quid<lb></lb>dam eſſe torpidiſsimum; quia nimirum maximè omnium diſtet à cęlo à quo calor ad elementa <lb></lb>permanat. </s> <s>ea verò deducitur ex iis principiis quæ nob. </s> <s>antea patefacta fuerant. </s> <s>Hæc ergo ſpeciali <lb></lb>quodam nomine confuſa vocauit Ariſtoteles, Græcè <foreign lang="grc">συγκεχυμένα</foreign> eſt verò apud Græcos ea <lb></lb>vox frequentiſsima qua ſignificatur res conturbata & non pura, vt ſpecies confuſæ dicerentur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg340"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>imagines illæ quæ apparent in aquis, vbi concitantur, aſpiciuntur enim diſtortis & perplexis, vt <lb></lb>certam nullam delineationem præferre videantur. </s> <s>quin ita exiles ſunt, vt ægrè diſcerni poſsint. <lb></lb></s> <s>atque hę quidem huiuſmodi eſſe ſolent in pueris, dum ab immoderato calore ſanguis <expan abbr="ſpiritusq́">ſpiritusque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>turbantur, conſimiles in ebriis exiſtunt. </s> <s>Sic teſtabatur Ariſtoteles, gentem aliquam ab ortu notam <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quandam, ſtigma ipſe vocat, in humeris habere, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>in auis apparuiſſe diſtinctam, poſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg341"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modo in nepotibus reliquum eſſe nigrum quoddam confuſum, vt diſcernere non liceret, nota'ne <lb></lb>foret, an potius imago notæ. </s> <s>Eodem quoque modo cùm redderet cauſſam Philoſophus, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg342"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nati ſimiles interdum parentibus eſſent, nonnunquàm matribus, ac nepotes auis aut auiis docet <lb></lb>ex longiore nepotum ſucceſsione figuras maiorum confundi, & proceſſu temporis ita conturba<lb></lb>ri, vt nulli amplius affinium, aut conſanguineorum ſimiles ſint. </s> <s>Verùm quod ad rem noſtram <lb></lb>pertinet, cùm Galenus, tùm etiam Ariſtoteles vſi ſunt huiuſcemodi voce, ſignificantes doctrinam <lb></lb>rudem & inchoatam <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quam item alio nomine <foreign lang="grc">ἀόριστον</foreign>, ideſt indefinitam ipſe appellauit. </s> <s>& <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg343"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opponit confuſo <foreign lang="grc">τὸν διορισμὸν</foreign>, ideſt diſtinctionem. </s> <s>Planius adhuc idem Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> mentionem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg344"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>faciens de doctrina quę tradenda eſt rudibus, conferre docet in compluribus indefinitum & con<lb></lb>fuſum magis quàm <foreign lang="grc">διηρθρωμένον</foreign>, ideſt diſtinctum, vbi ſcilicet id profundæ ſpeculationis & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg345"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prolixiorum ſermonum & longioris temporis indigeat quod item alio nomine <foreign lang="grc">τύαω</foreign>, ideſt ru<lb></lb>dius dictum & oppoſitum ei, quod eſt exquiſitum, ab Ariſtotele ſignificatum fuiſſe nouimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>M. Tullius <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">συγκεχομένον, & αόριστον</foreign>, confuſum <expan abbr="incertumq́">incertumque</expan>. </s> <s>reddidit. </s> <s>Audit igitur, quid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg346"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſibi velit in methodo confuſum. </s> <s>Sed enim hoc in omnem diſputationem quadram poteſt, ſiue <lb></lb>ſit de principiis, ſiue de rebus quæ pendent ex ipſis. </s> <s>Atqui nunc aduertamus quæ velit Ariſtote<lb></lb>les eſſe confuſa <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quorum vſus ſit in principiis euoluendis. </s> <s>Hæc, ſi rerum ipſarum conditionem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg347"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpectes; illa generatim vocantur quæ vix à nob. </s> <s>cognoſcuntur, hoc eſt, vt tametſi ea noſcamus, <lb></lb>quòd ſint; cùm habeant cauſſas; imperfectè tamen cognoſcuntur, quòd eorum cauſſæ ignoran<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>itaque cùm conſtent ex cauſsis; non fuerit error opinor, ſi etiam <foreign lang="grc">σύνθετα</foreign>, ideſt compoſita <lb></lb>nuncupentur: præſertim quòd habemus grauiſsimos huius loci interpretes Alexandrum, Sim<lb></lb>plicium, & Auerroëm qui confuſa interpretantur compoſita. </s> <s>Quapropter etiam nos facilitatis <lb></lb>ergò confuſa tranſumemus in compoſita. </s> <s>& ea partiemur in tria membra, ea ſcilicet quæ ſunt <lb></lb>compoſita compoſitione formali, reali, & logica. </s> <s>formali quidem compoſitione intelligentes eſ<lb></lb>ſe compoſita illa, quorum rationi ſupponitur alterius ratio, veluti rationi accidentis ratio ſub <pb pagenum="35"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg348"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantiæ ſupponitur: realis autem compoſitio eſt in partibus ſubſtantiæ ſubiectis quæ ex materia <lb></lb><expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>exiſtunt. </s> <s>Compoſitionem logicam compoſitionem vel rationum, vt ſubiectarum par<lb></lb>tium in genere; continet enim genus in ſe vniuerſo quodam modo & virtute rationem ſuarum <lb></lb>partium, vel etiam à ratione factam, cùm ſimpliciter, & ſine vlla conditione ſumitur id quod <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>aliqua lege & modo audiendum eſt. </s> <s>Ex horum numero ſunt ſententiæ veterum. </s> <s>Omnium <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <lb></lb>vſus eſt in omni doctrina, & in phyſica præcipuè. </s> <s>Nam 7. Met. illa repoſuit in notis nobis quo<lb></lb>rum auxilio principiorum notitia paretur quæ parum participant ipſum eſſe, tamen ea ſic habe<lb></lb>re compertum eſt, quamuis cauſſa lateat; hæc ſunt accidentia & inhærentia rebus: parum enim <lb></lb>conſiſtunt; quia non per ſe, ſed in ſubſtantia conſiſtunt; & cùm cauſſas habeant, ſine cauſſa verò <lb></lb>noſcantur, exiliter admodum cognoſcuntur. </s> <s>Ex eodem ordine ſunt compoſita ex materia, & <lb></lb>quæcunque ſunt hoc aliquid: quandò compoſita multò minus participent ipſum eſſe quàm for<lb></lb>ma: nam conſtant ex materia ſenſili quæ eſt potentia, non actu, & per ſe ipſa ſunt caduca atque <lb></lb>mortalia. </s> <s>quibus omnibus vtitur ſcientia naturalis, dum ab iis quę inſunt in loco, vel incremento <lb></lb>eorum venatur eſſentiam, & auxilio motus inuenit materiam, functionis ope formam, atque ex <lb></lb>inſpectione partium corporis animæ naturam veſtigat. </s> <s>Valet multum (vt de tertia compoſitione <lb></lb>dicam) genus ad aperiendas differentias, & partes ſubiectas: etenim ex eo, quaſi ex toto earum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg349"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratio communis oſtenditur, quæ partiendo illuſtratur; & cuique propria redditur; vt dum in ani<lb></lb>mali ſenſum <expan abbr="motumq́">motumque</expan>. </s> <s>perſpicimus; & varios ſenſuum gradus <expan abbr="variosq́">variosque</expan>. </s> <s>modos progrediendi no<lb></lb>tantes animalium ſpecies conſtituimus. </s> <s>Illorum certè fructus maximus quæ generatim & abſo<lb></lb>lutè pronunciata fuerunt; hæc enim cùm per experientiam nobis notuerint; facilè creduntur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quòd vniuersè vera ſunt; quia tamen flagitant modum; patiunt <expan abbr="imperfectã">imperfectam</expan> quan<lb></lb>dam cognitionem quæ tùm abſoluitur, ſi debitum <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> addideris: ex illo enim quòd nouimus <lb></lb>omne quod fit, fieri ex eo quod eſt; & ex eo quod non eſt, collegimus materiam quæ partim eſt, <lb></lb>partim non eſt. </s> <s>Sed his omnibus veterum ſententiarum expenſio præponitur. </s> <s>iubet enim phi<lb></lb>loſophus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt principiorum probationes colligamus ex rationibus adhibitis teſtimoniis, exem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg350"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="plisq́">plisque</expan>. </s> <s>apparentibus. </s> <s>In quibus ſi cum dicendis omnes homines conſentire videantur, optimum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si minus quodammodo quidem omnino, quod ab opinione deducti facient. </s> <s>habet enim vnuſ<lb></lb>quiſque peculiare quoddam procliue ad veritatem ex quibus neceſſe eſt aliquo pacto demon<lb></lb>ſtrare de ipſis; ex iis enim quæ verè ſanè dicuntur, at non perſpicuè procedentibus exiſtet & id <lb></lb>quod eſt perſpicuè, tranſumentibus ſemper ea quæ ſunt notiora inter illa quæ confusè dici con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg351"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſueuerunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Itaque ex ordiri vult tractationem à primis, quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> perſpicuè dicuntur, ſtudentibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg352"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſt inuenire perſpicuè quid eſt illud de quo laboramus, vt in morali quid eſt beatitudo; in qua <lb></lb>quidem tractatione accipit hoc in quo conſentiunt omnes, eam nimirùm eſſe bonum præſtantiſ<lb></lb>ſimum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eandem methodi rationem non modo in ea diſceptatione de beatitudine obſeruandam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg353"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe monet; ſed in aliis omnibus in quibus aliquid rei propoſitæ cognoſcentes ea quærimus quæ <lb></lb>neſcimus. </s> <s>Quamobrem oportere per ea quæ verè quidem pronunciantur, non autem perſpicuè, <lb></lb>eruere conari quod verè eſt & perſpicuè. </s> <s>Hæc nos igitur ea dicimus eſſe quæ nonmodo in ethi<lb></lb>cis, ſed in philoſophia quæ ſequitur naturalem, & in phyſica proponit nob. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles, vt eorum <lb></lb>auxilio principiorum notitiam comparemus, omnium conſenſum fundamentum firmiſsimum <lb></lb>eſſe putantes; ac ſi non omnes ſanè conſentiant, conari tamen oſtendere, vt ea dicere voluiſſe vi<lb></lb>deantur, quæ ſi monſtrata fuerint, propter innatam propenſionem ad veritatem facillimè nobis <lb></lb>concedentur. </s> <s>itaque tranſumptis, ideſt, ad bonum ſenſum deductis iis quæ verè quidem, ſed ob<lb></lb>ſcurè pronunciantur, ſcientiarum prima principia comperiemus. </s> <s>Ex his multa ſunt, vt illa con<lb></lb>traria eſſe principia, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>non contraria; conſimiliter ex non ente, aut ex ente fieri id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg354"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fit, quæ cùm vniuersè vera ſint, obſcurè tamen dicuntur. </s> <s>hæc ſi illuſtrentur, & in bonam partem <lb></lb>accipiantur, & accommodentur ad ea quæ verè & cum ratione conſtituta fuerunt; vera prorſus <lb></lb>habebuntur; & in iis <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> natura elucebit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Atque hic eſt modus omnium aptiſsimus ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg355"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diſſoluendas dubitationes, & tollenda contraria; nam ſic omnia quæ videntur ineſſe, conſeruan<lb></lb>tur, & quæ contraria cenſentur; monſtrantur diſtinguendo non eſſe contraria: ſic enim verè pro<lb></lb>nunciantur, aliter non verè, vt verbis Ariſtotelis vtar. </s> <s>Itaque hæc quæ veteres aſſumpſerunt, ea <lb></lb>nota nobis eſſe arbitror, vnde via muniatur qua poſsimus ad principia nobis ignota peruenire. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde fuit conſuetudo philoſophi veterum ſententias in exordio cuiuſque methodi ſedulò <lb></lb>diſcutere, quòd veritatem, ſi non planè eloquuntur, at balbutiunt. </s> <s>& cùm maiore ex parte veræ <lb></lb>ſint: nanque ſenſibus plerunque fundantur; non difficile eſt illas repurgare; <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>in omni me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg356"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>thodo conandum: præterquàm quòd ſi inde ducatur initium; vitatur negotium congrediendi <lb></lb>cum imperitis, nec omnia reuocanda ſunt in controuerſiam, cùm aliqua item ex illis periti rece<lb></lb>perint quorum iudicium videtur eſſe approbandum, & præcipuè veterum de principiis, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg357"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim veteres ortui rerum viciniores eſſent, vim principiorum magis tenere potuerint; quia periti <lb></lb>principia cominus intuentur. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd ſuppeditant veterum dicta copiam theore <pb pagenum="36"></pb>matum: quandò artes omnes per incrementa quædam productæ ſunt <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quoque artificè ad illas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg358"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg359"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliquid addente. </s> <s>Confuſa igitur nobis nota ſunt; ea verò ſe habent vt tota. </s> <s>Quare cùm ſenſui <lb></lb>notius ſit totum quàm partes; à notis autem nobis ex inſtinctu naturæ procedendum ſit; à toto <lb></lb>ad partes progredi cogimur. </s> <s>itaque diuidendo paratur notitia partium quę certa eſt atque diſtin<lb></lb>cta: vt enim primo intuitu ampliſsimas ædes aſpicimus; nec tamen quid commenſi; quid com<lb></lb>modi, aut artificiosè diſpoſiti contineant intelligere valemus; tùm verò probè hęc omnia percipi<lb></lb>mus, cùm <expan abbr="quęq́">quęque</expan>. </s> <s>particulatim ſpeculamur, atque luſtramus: ſicitem euenit in ſcientiis. </s> <s>cortex re<lb></lb>rum nobis apparet, penetralia latent; hęc animo peragrare oportet, ſi rem accuratè tenere voluë<lb></lb>ris. </s> <s>Vniuerſalis illa notitia <foreign lang="grc">τυπώδης</foreign> & rudis eſt; non ſufficit; ad partes veniendum eſt quibus <lb></lb>perluſtratis vniuerſa rei notitia completur. </s> <s>Idem quoque confirmat auctoritas Ariſtotelis <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg360"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inuehitur in antiquos, quòd de natura quidem vniuersè diſſererent; partes eius intactas omitte<lb></lb>rent; quanquàm id difficultatis ſignum poſuit. </s> <s>eius verba hæc ſunt, quæ propter interprętes ani<lb></lb>maduertenda propono <foreign lang="grc">τὸ δ' ὁλον ε̂χειν, μέρος δὲ μὴ δὺναθαι</foreign>, ideſt, totum verò obtinere: partem <lb></lb>autem non poſſe, indicium difficultatis, & hoc eſt illud totum, vnde ad ſingularia procedere iu<lb></lb>bet diuidendo Ariſtoteles; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diuidimus autem vel propriè genus in ſuas ſpecies per oppoſitas dif<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg361"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ferentias; vel reſoluimus effectus & compoſita in ſuas cauſſas, ſeu complexas, ſiue incomplexas; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg362"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel adhibita conditione diſtinguimus; vel diiudicamus; & verùm à falſo diſcernimus. </s> <s>Et planè <lb></lb>totum quodcunque illud ſit nobis eſt euidentius: etenim de partibus quanti perſpicuum eſt, & <lb></lb>genus ſpecie notius eſt, prius enim nouimus hoc eſſe animal, quàm tale animal; & tota ſpecies <lb></lb>per nomen indicatur, eſſentiæ verò partes definitione eluceſcunt, diuidit enim definitio totam <lb></lb>ſpeciem in <foreign lang="grc">καθέκαιτα</foreign>, ideſt in ſingularia, non ſanè indiuidua, ſed partes eſſentię quæ ſimul om<lb></lb>nes in nomine ipſo continebantur. </s> <s>& vniuerſale etiam quod magna ex parte verum eſt, nobis no<lb></lb>tius eſt, non tamen accuratè notum, niſi ipſum in partes ſuas diſtinxeris, & quod <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſt à falsò <lb></lb>ſeparaueris. </s> <s>Et hoc equidem ab Ariſtotele notatum fuiſſe cenſeo, vnde peteret initia phyſicæ quæ <lb></lb>nos cum totis in modo, vt dialectici dicunt, non ſine cauſſa numeramus. </s> <s>ſiquidem, ſi ſubiecta re<lb></lb>ſpicias, per vniuerſa pertinent; ſi tamen partes ipſius aduertas, non ſimpliciter, ſed cum modo <lb></lb>vera eſſe intelliges. </s> <s>vtputa, vniuersè verum eſt in omni generatione contrarium ex contrario fie<lb></lb>ri, non tamen ſimpliciter; quia non omni ex parte fit ex contrario; ſed aliqua pars exiſtit in eo <lb></lb>quod fit, quæ contraria non eſt. </s> <s>Sic quicquid fit, ex non ente fit; non tamen omnes eius partes ex <lb></lb>non ente fiunt, ſed aliquæ ex ente; nec omnibus modis ac ſimpliciter fit ex ente, aut ex non ente; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg363"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed partim ex ente, partim ex non ente, & ex ente hoc modo, illo verò ex non ente, ex quibus <lb></lb>exiſtunt propoſitiones quæ magna ex parte veræ exiſtunt; non quia tales ſint eo quòd vt pluri<lb></lb>mùm, vt fortè in dialecticis; ſed quia non omni ex parte, nec omnibus modis, & vt dici ſolet, ſim<lb></lb>pliciter. </s> <s>quas item nos in logicis non iniuria collocabimus; quippè quòd communiter veræ ſint <lb></lb>& vniuerſales, quòd partes vniuerſas minimè complectantur; ad proprias tamen partibus ipſis <lb></lb>diſtinctis atque ſecretis optimè reduci queant: nam tum verę omni ex parte exiſtunt. </s> <s>vt quòd, <lb></lb>quicquid fit, partim fiat ex contrario, partim ex non contrario. </s> <s>verum eſt vndequaque, quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>probè perſpecto principiorum vis neceſſariò patebit; & cuncta illuſtrabit, tùm quę prius confusè <lb></lb>noſcebantur, tùm etiam quæ nobis obſcura ſunt ex iis quæ pendent ab ipſis. </s> <s>Atque hic erit pro<lb></lb>ceſſus ab vniuerſis ad ſingula, dimiſsis indiuiduis quæ nullo modo ſunt ſcientiæ partes. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & hac <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg364"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>via ſiue per circulum illum, quem regreſſum vocant, nota nobis ex notis natura cognoſcuntur, <lb></lb>ſiue notis principiis, recta demonſtratione, rerum per ſe & nobis ignotarum notitia comparatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque enim ſemper effectus perſpicui ſunt. </s> <s>Iam verò quòd ſingularia non ſola dicantur indiui<lb></lb>dua, patet: nam ſingularia ſpecies generis alicuius dicuntur: <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> res materiatæ ad <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg365"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rerum quæ ſunt ab omni materia ſegregatæ, vel per eſſentiam, vel per indifferentiam, cuiuſmodi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg366"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt vniuerſalia logica, vel primæ philoſophiæ, triplex eſt enim abſtractio phyſica, ſcilicet ab in<lb></lb>diuiduis, mathematica à materia ſenſili; & metaphyſica ab omni genere materiæ, quam item lo<lb></lb>gica imitatur: his hoc modo abſtractis ſingularia opponuntur. </s> <s>& Auerroës ſingulare nuncupaſſe <lb></lb>videtur omne, quod diſtinguitur à compoſito. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> teſtatur enim ipſe cogitatiuam non componere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg367"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>intelligibilia ſingularia, cùm tamen profeſſus ſit cogitatiuæ munus eſſe diſcurrere de indiuiduis; <lb></lb>itaque nuncupata eſt mens particularis. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> cauſſam igitur, vt tollamus ex Auerroë repugnan<lb></lb>tiam, ſic verba eius doctoris interprętabimur, cogitatiuam non componere ſingularia intelligibi<lb></lb>lia, ideſt terminos ſimplices qui ſunt partes compoſitorum vniuerſalium. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>Zimara quod <lb></lb>in phyſicis aſſecutus non eſt, tandem loco alieno; & vbi minus oportuit, veram vocis interpręta<lb></lb>tionem <expan abbr="cõmentus">commentus</expan> eſt. </s> <s>eoſdem ſimplices terminos ſingularia vocauit Ariſtoteles, cùm admonuit <lb></lb>definitionem diuidere in ſingularia. </s> <s>Ab his igitur quæ rudia ſunt & inchoata natura perpetuò <lb></lb>progreditur, & dum rerum productioni vacat, & dum dirigit nos ad ſcientiam. </s> <s>Nam primùm in <lb></lb>vtero certus ſanguis concreſcit; inde quædam carnis moles exiſtit; mox paullatim incipit deli<lb></lb>neari; ad extremum abſoluitur, vt nihil addi prætereà poſsit. </s> <s>Hic autem progreſſus cum erudi <pb pagenum="37"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg368"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiſsimè & elegantiſsimè fuerit expoſitus à M. Tullio <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in omni genere notitiæ, nihil nocebit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg369"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>(opinor) ſi in hunc locum aptiſsimè illius verba conferantur. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur primum de iis agens in <lb></lb>quibus appetitus exercetur, ea ſcribit quæ certè ex media philoſophia deprompta fuiſſe fatebe<lb></lb>ris, & cum placitis Ariſtotelis maximè congruentia. </s> <s>De prima ergo hominis conſtitutione di<lb></lb>ſputans ſic ait. </s> <s>“Hanc initio conſtitutionem confuſam habet & incertam, vt tantummodo ſe <lb></lb>tueatur, qualecunque ſit.” Iam enim accepimus, omne animal ſeipſum diligere, & ſimulac or<lb></lb>tum eſt, id agere, vt ſe conſeruet, quòd hic primus ad omnem vitam tuendam appetitus à natu<lb></lb>ra datur, ſe vt conſeruet, atque ita ſit affectum, vt optimè ſecundum naturam eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>ſe in<lb></lb>quàm tantummodo tueatur, qualecunque ſit. </s> <s>“ſed nec quid fit, nec quid poſsit, nec quid ipſius <lb></lb>natura ſit, intelligit. </s> <s>Cùm autem proceſsit paullulum, & quatenus, quicquid ſe attingat, ad <expan abbr="ſeq́">ſeque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>pertineat, perſpicere cœpit. </s> <s>tùm ſenſim incipit progredi, ſe <expan abbr="ſeq́">ſeque</expan>. </s> <s>agnoſcere & intelligere, quam <lb></lb>ob cauſam habeat eum quem diximus, animi appetitum: <expan abbr="cœptatq́">cœptatque</expan>. </s> <s>& ea quæ naturæ apta ſen<lb></lb>tit, appetere & propulſare contraria.” Sed illud prorſus diuinum quod ex Accio profitetur, <lb></lb>vnde contemplationis origo deducta eſt, qua ſeſe vſque ad Deum Optimum Maximum, ſolus <lb></lb>homo euexit ab ignorantiæ gradu per admirationem eorum quæ ſenſibus & confusè ſubiiceren<lb></lb>tur, ad exquiſitam & diſtinctam notitiam rerum procedens, & ſummas eorum cauſſas attin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg370"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gens. </s> <s>Ecce paſtores Heſperidum, Columbi nauem, panſis velis ad littus appellere conſpiciunt: <lb></lb>rem nouam procul admirantur; quid eſſe poſsit ignorant; inſulam moueri ſuſpicantur. </s> <s>aut con<lb></lb>citari nimbum, propè Deos illam vehi cenſent. </s> <s>itaque ſecum fremunt, Quare, vt apud Accium <lb></lb>paſtor ille qui nauem nunquàm ante viderat, “vt procul diuinum & nouum vehiculum Argo<lb></lb>nautarum è monte conſpexit, primò admirans & perterritus loquitur: ſic & ipſi murmurant <lb></lb>hoc modo.”</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg339"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg340"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg341"></margin.target>a 7. De hiſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>anim. c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg342"></margin.target>b 4. de Ge. <lb></lb>an. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg343"></margin.target>c 2. De die. <lb></lb></s> <s>crit. </s> <s>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg344"></margin.target>d 3. de cau. <lb></lb></s> <s>p<gap></gap> c. 3. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Pi. </s> <s>tibao 7. <lb></lb>de rep.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg345"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg346"></margin.target>e 5. de fin.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg347"></margin.target>f 1. ad Eu. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg348"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg349"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg350"></margin.target>a 1. ad Eu. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg351"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg352"></margin.target>b 1. ad Eu. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg353"></margin.target>c 2. ad Eu. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg354"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg355"></margin.target>d 7. ad Eu. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg356"></margin.target>e 1. de Au. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg357"></margin.target>f 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg358"></margin.target>a 2. Elen. <lb></lb>1. Rhet. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg359"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg360"></margin.target>b 2. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg361"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg362"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg363"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg364"></margin.target>d Auer. 1. <lb></lb>Phyſ. T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg365"></margin.target>e 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>anim. c. 3. <lb></lb><lb></lb>12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg366"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg367"></margin.target>f 3. de An. <lb></lb>c. 33.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg368"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg369"></margin.target>a 5. De fin.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg370"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>-Tanta moles labitur</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“Fremebunda ex alto ingenti ſonitu & ſpiritu:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Præ ſe vndas voluit: vertices vi ſuſcitat:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ruit prolapſa: pelagus reſpergit: reflat:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ita dum interruptum credas nimbum voluier,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Dum quod ſublime ventis expulſum rapi</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Saxum aut procellis, vel globoſos turbines</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Exiſtere ictos vndis concurſantibus,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Niſi quas terreſtres pontus ſtrages conciet:<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg371"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg371"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aut fortè Triton fuſcina euertens ſpecus,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Subter radices penitus vndanti in freto</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Molem ex profundo ſaxeam ad cœlum vomit.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Dubitat primo, quæ ſit ea natura, quam cernit ignotam: <expan abbr="idemq́ue">idemque</expan> iuuenibus viſis, <expan abbr="auditoq́ue">auditoque</expan> <lb></lb>nautico cantu,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sicuti inciti atque alacres roſtris perfremunt</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Delphini -Item alia multa.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“-Syluani melo</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Conſimilem ad aures cantum & auditum refert.” Ergo vt hîc primo aſpectu inanimum <lb></lb>quiddam <expan abbr="ſenſuq́ue">ſenſuque</expan> vacuum ſe putat cernere,; pòſt autem ſignis certioribus quale ſit id de quo <lb></lb>dubitauerat incipit ſuſpicari: ſic philoſophi & vniuersè omnes qui ex ignorantia traducuntur <lb></lb>ad ſcientiam, primo aſpectu mundi conturbati, cùm poſteà vidiſſent motus eius finitos & æqua<lb></lb>biles, <expan abbr="omniaq́ue">omniaque</expan> ratis ordinibus moderata, <expan abbr="immutabiliq́">immutabilique</expan>. </s> <s>conſtantia, intellexere ineſſe aliquem, <lb></lb>non ſolum habitatorem in hac cœleſti ac diuina domo, ſed etiam rectorem & gubernatorem, <arrow.to.target n="marg372"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& tanquàm architectum tanti operis & tanti muneris. </s> <s>Hæc M. Tullius præceptorem Platonem <lb></lb>imitatus qui oculos ex tam admirabilium rerum conſpectu nobis ad Dei cognitionem duces <lb></lb>optimos extitiſſe prædicauit. </s> <s>Ita ergo peruenitur ad ea quæ ſunt nota natura, ſiue ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& per ſe nota, fortè etiam ſecundum naturam quæ dici ſolent maximè vniuerſalia; quòd per <lb></lb>plura pertinere ſolent. </s> <s>Quanquam vereor, ne quod diſcrimen inter hæc exiſtat: neque ſolum <lb></lb>in eo quòd ita propter varias cauſſas appellentur; “verum etiam quòd reipſa diſtinguantur.” <lb></lb>Etenim natura nota & per ſe, illa dicere conſueuimus, quæ ex aliis tanquam ex fidem facienti<lb></lb>bus ſolum; non vt explicantibus quid, aut cur ſint, colligantur. </s> <s>immò cùm primum ex notis <lb></lb>nobis indicata ſunt, in ſeipſis ſuæ lucis & veritatis cauſſas habent, atque illas quidem ita effica<lb></lb>ces, vt lucem <expan abbr="veritatemq́ue">veritatemque</expan> afferant iis quæ naſcuntur ex ipſis; quapropter ex ipſis illa noteſce<lb></lb>re opus eſt: & planè non hæc ex notis nobis, vt nota nobis ex ipſis apta ſunt. </s> <s>Cùm enim cognitio <lb></lb>noſtra à ſenſu neceſſariò ducat <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan>, per ſenſilia quæ poſteriora ſunt, <expan abbr="tranſeundũ">tranſeundum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>at ſi <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan> <lb></lb>aut ſpecies obiecta libera foret à materia, progreſſus hic vtique neceſſarius non eſſet. </s> <s>Signo illud <pb pagenum="38"></pb>eſto, quòd mens in habitu, quam fœcundam vocant, ab iis incipit quæ ſunt nota natura. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg373"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Verùm ſenſilia & effectus ita ſe habent, vt niſi è cauſsis illis cognoſci nequeant. </s> <s>Itaque etiam no<lb></lb>ta ſimpliciter appellantur, quòd menti bene affectæ nota ſunt, quaſi certiſsima ſint; vt ſi aliter <lb></lb>eſſe videantur; non rei ſanè, ſed menti non benè affectæ ſit adſcribendum. </s> <s>nec ſecus àc dulce <lb></lb>ſimpliciter illud iudicetur, quod guſtatui bene ſano tale apparet, quòd ſi ſecus appareat; non id <lb></lb>rei vitium eſt, ſed guſtatus. </s> <s>vitium pelle, iam dulce apparebit. </s> <s>Atque hæc abſolutè reipſa & na<lb></lb>tura priora eſſe puto, quomodocunque priora ſint, vel origine, vel perfectione, quia ſint cauſſæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm notiora & priora ſecundum rationem, nil vetat eſſe poſteriora natura. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiquidem ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg374"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ hoc modo priora ſunt, ita ſint, quòd à cęteris per indifferentiam ſeparari queant, hoc eſt, vt <lb></lb>ſint hoc vel illo definitè concipi poſsint, nec eorum cognitio plus ex hoc quàm alio pendeat. <lb></lb></s> <s>vt ens quantum non plus quàm quale ſignificat, ita ſe habent vniuerſalia, quę prædicantur in <lb></lb>quid. </s> <s>ſunt enim prima ſecundum rationem, quòd ab intelligentia ſingularium ſuperantur: <lb></lb>At cùm ex his quæ per indifferentiam communia ſunt, quæ prædicantur in quid ſint princi<lb></lb>pia rei, formalia ſunt item natura priora; quæ verò communia ſunt ad vnum (quod poſteà mon<lb></lb>ſtrabitur) ſint apta ex ſuis partibus ſubiectis, hæc priora tantummodò erunt ratione; re autem & <lb></lb>natura poſteriora. </s> <s>Nil igitur prohibet quominus ea quæ ſunt ratione priora, ſint poſteriora na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg375"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura. </s> <s>Quamobrem patet hæc non eſſe nota ſimpliciter, neque ſuaptè natura nota. </s> <s>quinimmò il<lb></lb>lorum cognitionem ex aliorum notitia neceſſariò pendere. </s> <s>Illa igitur quo priora natura ſunt, <lb></lb>neque ſecundum rationem ſolum, verum etiam reipſa priora, ſunt illa principia quæ per nota <lb></lb>nobis exquirimus, & in methodorum fronte perſequimur in eorum veſtigatione ſententias ve<lb></lb>terum ſcrutantes, & quę verè dicta ſunt obſcurè tamen explanantes & cuncta in bonum ſenſum <lb></lb>transferentes. </s> <s>quam ſanè partem in methodo neſcio'num condemnandi ſimus, ſi reiiciamus ad <lb></lb>principium ſcientiæ, quæ eſt mens qua terminos & principia cognoſcimus: nanque etſi compa<lb></lb>ret aliquis progreſſus rationis: is demum mente finitur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi opponas eandem eſſe verorum <lb></lb>demonſtrationem & confutationem falſorum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quare, cum demonſtratio ſit ſcientis. </s> <s>igitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg376"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eam partem fore ſcientiæ. </s> <s>Reſpondebo, ſi fuerit diſceptatio de principiis in aliqua ſcientia pri<lb></lb>mis: quia non poteſt eorum ſcientia tradi progreſſum quidem eſſe ſapientiæ vel dialecticum: <lb></lb>eius verò terminum fore mentem; ſecus, ſi diſſeramus de his quæ non ſunt prima, vel pendent <lb></lb>à principiis, quòd horum poteſt eſſe demonſtratio quæ item ſi probabilia fuerint; propter ma<lb></lb>gnum lumen principiorum, multò fidei plus efficiunt quàm ſi demonſtrationis certiſsimæ vis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg377"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adhiberetur; eſt enim demonſtratio rerum per ſe ignotarum; ideò multam operam flagitant, vt <lb></lb>& perſpiciantur & credantur per ſe nihil afferentia lucis. </s> <s>Neque de omnibus eſt ſelectio veri <lb></lb>cum demonſtratione, verùm de iis quæ ſunt ex principiis, aut demonſtratio communiter accipi<lb></lb>tur pro omni genere probationis. </s> <s>Sic ergo nota nobis in primo phyſiologiæ limine ab Ariſto<lb></lb>tele ſumpta eſſe defendimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg372"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg373"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg374"></margin.target>a 13. Met. <lb></lb>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg375"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg376"></margin.target>b 1. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. 100.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg377"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Veterum ſententiæ quo pacto tractandæ, & variæ philoſophorum ſectæ recenſentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN quaque diſceptatione magnus vſus haberi ſolet ex diſcuſsione ſententiarum quas alij pro<lb></lb>feſsi fuerint, ac mea quidem ſententia multas ob cauſſas, quarum aliquæ ſanè ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>recitantur: attamen & vna maximè neceſſaria mihi ſuccurrit quam neque in poſtremis haben<lb></lb>dam eſſe iudico. </s> <s>Tamen autem eſt. </s> <s>Nimirum in ſcientia facienda præcipuè conſulendum eſſe ca<lb></lb>ptui diſcentis. </s> <s>Neque enim eadem diſcipulo nota ſunt, ac præceptori; ſiquidem præceptor ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg378"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra rerum principia noſcat, & explicationem rei ab ipſius propria natura poſsit exordiri. </s> <s>diſcipu<lb></lb>lus contrà, cum rudior ſit, multis eget tanquam apparatibus quibus erudiatur, & tantiſper infor<lb></lb>metur, dum vera principia rerum aſſequatur, & apud ipſum plus ſæpè poteſt auctoritas quàm <lb></lb>quæuis efficax ratio. </s> <s>In euoluendis igitur aliorum ſententiis multa deteguntur quæ mentem <lb></lb>diſcipuli præparent ad concipienda principia quæ veterum auctoritas probabilia facit. </s> <s>Tùm <lb></lb>etiam rerum natura cognitu perdifficilis eſt; & quamuis vna ſit vnius rei ſcientia, quæ ducitur <lb></lb>ex principiis quæ veriſsima <expan abbr="certiſsimaq́">certiſsimaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint; neque omnia ſcientiæ ſunt obnoxia; nec ſi ſciri <lb></lb>queant, ab omnibus eodem modo tenentur; cum varia mihi <expan abbr="tibiq́">tibique</expan>. </s> <s>eiuſdem rei euenta & attri<lb></lb>buta ſeſe obtulerint ex quibus iudicia variantur. </s> <s>Itaque non idem ab vnoquoque principium <lb></lb>diſciplinæ ſolet adhiberi. </s> <s>Fit igitur, vt ſi varia principia quæ in mentem veniunt ex aduer<lb></lb>ſione plurium ſententiarum, in promptu ſint; & id ſuccurrere poſsit quod impleat animum <lb></lb>auditoris: & illud etiam, quod ſit maximè accommodatum, ad docendum quod ſcili<lb></lb>cet ab auditore facilè capiatur, & vera rei principia monſtret. </s> <s>Aliæ quoque talis conſilij <pb pagenum="39"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg379"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſæ poſſunt afferri, ita enim tractantur, vt à nobis ſuprà dictum eſt de primis illis cogita<lb></lb>tionibus rudibus ſcilicet & inchoatis, vt quid in illis veri continetur, accipi poſsit; illud re<lb></lb>pudiari, quod ineſt falſi. </s> <s>Proinde in iis ita verſandum, vt medici in corporum curatione; ſicu<lb></lb>ti enim ipſi non nutriunt, nisi corpus a prauis humoribus repurgarint: ſic neque ali debet ani<lb></lb>mus; niſi ante pellantur errores. </s> <s>Efficitur item, vt in veram ſententiam poſsit quiſque trahi <lb></lb>facilius, quo maior philoſophorum conſenſus exiſtat; erit verò hoc expeditius quo plura ex in<lb></lb>hærentibus & comitantibus explorentur, atque illa quidem quæ videantur aduerſa (nam neceſ<lb></lb>ſariæ contrariorum concluſiones & rationes, quęſtiones ſunt de contrariis) patiunt enim dubita<lb></lb>tionem; dubitatio verò copiam facit, & dum animum huc & illuc conuertit, viam monſtrat ad <lb></lb>inueniendum quod quęritur, cùm ita eueniat, vt ex aduerſorum collatione quod plus valeat ob<lb></lb>ſeruari poſsit, & ex oppoſitarum rationum conflictu, non ſecus àc ignis ex attritu ſilicis, excutia<lb></lb>tur veritas, & fallaciarum cauſſæ facilius detegantur, vnde omnis ignorantiæ caligo diſpellitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque enim oratio vera ſolùm eſſe debet; ſed aperienda quoque cauſſa eſt, cur falſa pro veris <lb></lb>habita ſint. </s> <s>cùm ita fiat, vt ratio per quam falſa colligebantur, probabilis ſanè, verùm non neceſ<lb></lb>ſaria videatur. </s> <s>Proptereà vero tum magis adhæreſcimus. </s> <s>Oppoſita enim (vt fertur) in proximo <lb></lb>magis elucent. </s> <s>Ex hac igitur <expan abbr="verorũ">verorum</expan> collatione <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> falſis id facilè ſuccedit quod optat in <expan abbr="addiſcẽte">addiſcente</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg380"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Philoſophus. </s> <s>ita enim principia vera cognoſcit & credit, vt ijs oppoſita falſa prorſus exiſtimet; <lb></lb>ex quo efficitur immutabilis; id quod ſcientis eſt maximè proprium. </s> <s>Nec reticendum illud eſt <lb></lb>quòd aliqui ratione inſiſtunt, nonnulli, quorum minus perſpicaæ eſt ingenium, apparentibus. </s> <s>ea <lb></lb>verò ſępè ſecum pugnare contingit, ex quo ſententiæ repugnantes oriuntur. </s> <s>Igitur ob eam cauſ<lb></lb>ſam rationes & apparentia ſunt conferenda, <expan abbr="ſępiusq́">ſępiusque</expan>. </s> <s>apparentia conſectanda ſunt quàm retinen<lb></lb>dæ rationes: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi verò pugnent cum apparentibus eas ſoluere oportebit. </s> <s>Nunc autem niſi illas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg381"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſoluere liceat, fidem iis habere cogimur, & inuiti decipimur. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quia verum ex falſis col<lb></lb>ligi poteſt, concluſionis cauſſæ ſpectandæ ſunt; ne fortè id quod <expan abbr="cõcluditur">concluditur</expan>, illi tribuatur ex quo, <lb></lb>non pendet. </s> <s>Prætereà maiorem auctoritatem habebunt ea quæ dicentur apud illos qui antè au<lb></lb>diuerint rationes earum ſententiarum quæ controuerſiam faciunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam ſic rectiores iudices <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg382"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habebimur, ſi omnium cauſſas audiamus. </s> <s>Arbitros enim præſtare nos oportet, non aduerſarios, <lb></lb>ſi iudicando verum inuenire volumus. </s> <s>Cæterùm prætereà, quæ valent ad rectè iudicandum, il<lb></lb>lud ab Ariſtotele ſcriptum eſt, ea videnda eſſe quæ dixerint alij, ne ſi decepti fuerint, in <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> ver<lb></lb>ſemur erroribus. </s> <s>& ſi quod nobis commune cum illis decretum ſit, ne priuatim moleſtiam nobis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg383"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſis exhibeat, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dum cęteros adiutores habemus; & pro nobis pugnare <expan abbr="paratost̃">paratostur</expan>; quaſi ſoli <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg384"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæſtionem ſuſtinere non valeamus, itaque ad excuſationem ſocios quęrimus; & crimen nobis <lb></lb>volumus cum alijs eſſe commune: neque id affine culpæ habendum eſt; quia tametſi nihil de il<lb></lb>la quæſtione ſuccurrit quod aliter conſtitui poſsit; gratum tamen eſſe debet non modò per om<lb></lb>nia melius; ſed quòd aliqua ſanè meliora faciamus, alia verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> deteriora, ſi melius non licuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hic quidem noſtri conſilij fructus. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò, cùm variis modis ſententiæ <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> <lb></lb>tractari ſoleant, & diſſolui rationes quibus confirmantur & probabiliter & demonſtratiue; non <lb></lb>deſunt etiam (vt commune eſt omnibus falli) qui ſe cauillis inuoluant, quibus cùm ſe extricare <lb></lb>neſciant, multa comminiſcuntur quæ toto cœlo diſtent à vero. </s> <s>Nonnulli item demonſtrationi<lb></lb>bus vtantur quæ propriæ ſint aliarum <expan abbr="ſcientiarũ">ſcientiarum</expan>. </s> <s>Nos in hac methodo conſtituimus illa diſſolue<lb></lb>re quæ vel ex noſtris principiis malè deducta ſint, vel concluſa mediis per accidens, vel etiam in<lb></lb>uoluta ſophiſmatis; illud in animo perpetuò fixum habentes, vt quæ ponuntur à nobis cum ſen<lb></lb>ſilibus primum, tùm deinde cum Ariſtotelicis dogmatis congruant: ſiqua præter hęc adhibean<lb></lb>tur, nihilominus ſtudebimus, vt ad ea ipſa, quæ primi propoſiti ſunt, aliquo pacto conducant. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg385"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nouerat enim Ariſtoteles Parmenidem & Meliſſum, tollere naturam principij, nedum natura<lb></lb>lis ſcientiæ fundamenta demoliri. </s> <s>quia verò præſeferret ea diſputatio philoſophiam, ideſt, pate<lb></lb>faceret aditum ad inueniendam veritatem (talis enim eſt vis eius locutionis <foreign lang="grc">ἒχειν φιλοσοφίαν</foreign>, <lb></lb>ideſt, habere philoſophiam: ita vt etiam alibi Ariſtoteles ita ſcriptum reliquerit aliquid eſſe à <lb></lb>ciuili philoſopho conſiderandum, quòd haberet <foreign lang="grc">ἀπορὶαν καὶ φιλοσοφὶαν πωλιτικὴν</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ideſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg386"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dubitationem & philoſophiam ciuilem & alibi <foreign lang="grc">ὃσα μὲν οῦν ἒχειν φιλοσοφίαν πωλιτικὴν</foreign>, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ideſt, “Quæcunque habent philoſophiam ciuilem”, ſic quia contemplatio entis & vnius <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg387"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illuſtrat, & valet ad fundanda phyſiologiæ principia, non detrectauit Philoſophus eiuſmodi <expan abbr="cõ-greſſum">con<lb></lb>greſſum</expan>. </s> <s>Nanque etſi non naturales quæſtiones ad diſcutiendum proponebant, de natura ſe lo<lb></lb>qui profitebantur quæ, cùm principium foret, impellebat item ipſos ad diſceptandum quodam<lb></lb>modo de principio. </s> <s>Itaque ob affinitatem quam habebat illa poſitio cum phyſiologiæ princi<lb></lb>piis, ab Ariſtotele conſiderata eſt. </s> <s>De natura autem ſe diſſerere autumabant, idcirco quod nulla <lb></lb>alia ſubſtantia ſupra naturam ab illis perſpecta fuiſſet. </s> <s>Et Epicurus etiam omnia naturæ nomine <lb></lb>appellauit qui ita diuidit. </s> <s>Omnium quę ſint, naturam eſſe corpora & inane, <expan abbr="quęq́ue">quęque</expan> his accidant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quæcunque eluent aut his coniuncta duabus (corporibus & inani) rebus ea inuentes; aut <pb pagenum="40"></pb>horum euenta videbis. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficiebatur, vt apud illos ens & natura idem eſſet. </s> <s>Vnde Galenus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg388"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rationem reddens inſcriptionis libri de natura humana, docuit omnes veteres inſcribere <expan abbr="cõſueſſe">conſueſſe</expan> <lb></lb>ſuos libros de natura. </s> <s>Proinde naturalis erat prima philoſophia, ne dixerim quoque ſolam: <expan abbr="quã-dò">quan<lb></lb>dò</expan> mathematicę, quia bonum conſectari non viderentur; è numero ſcientiarum expunctæ ſunt; <lb></lb>ſed poſteà cognitis aliis ſubſtantiis materiæ immunibus ex ſupremo gradu deiecta fuit, & phi<lb></lb>loſophiæ primæ proximos honores occupauit. </s> <s>Quamobrem latius patet naturæ ſignificatum <lb></lb>quàm id quod in noſtra methodo concipitur & definitur, principium motus & quietis. </s> <s>idem <lb></lb>enim valet atque ens. </s> <s>Quapropter qui naturam in eo ſignificato ſpectat, multa quidem tractare <lb></lb>cogitur quę cancellos methodi noſtri tranſiliunt, quod certè non obſeruans Themiſtius, præſer<lb></lb>tim, cùm paullò antè affirmaſſet Ariſtoteles, eos non agere de natura, quia motus initia ſuſtuliſ<lb></lb>ſent, locum ita legebat. </s> <s>De natura quidem non; naturales autem quæſtiones, & tamen illud om<lb></lb>nino falſum quęſtiones ab illis inductas eſſe naturales. </s> <s>Id quod etiam videtur perſpexiſſe Gale<lb></lb>nus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & legiſſe contextum, quemadmodum nos approbauimus. </s> <s>Ob id igitur de natura diſſere<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg389"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>batur à cunctis; ſed quæſtiones erant aliquando non naturales. </s> <s>Eiuſmodi fuerunt quas profeſsi <lb></lb>ſunt Parmenides, & Meliſſus, & alij nonnulli eiuſdem notę philoſophi. </s> <s>Sed antequam <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> <lb></lb>noto ſententias, de philoſophorum ſectis aliqua generatim dicere conſtitui. </s> <s>Quamuis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> hunc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg390"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locum, vt cęteros omnes Pererius doctiſsimus vberrimè <expan abbr="eruditiſsimèq́">eruditiſsimèque</expan>. </s> <s>tractarit; nec quiſquam <lb></lb>illius induſtriam diligentiamúe in hac tractatione conſequi poſsit; ſtudebimus tamen ea ſeligere <lb></lb>quę ad Ariſtotelem magis attinere cenſebimus, & ſi qua ſuccurrent quæ noſtro labore compara<lb></lb>uimus, ea quoque nos in medio ponemus. </s> <s>Ergo philoſophorum ſectæ quæ tempore Ariſtotelis <lb></lb>vel floruerant, vel florere incęperant, variæ fuerunt, atque illæ quidem varia nomina ſortitæ, vel <lb></lb>ab eo qui inſtituerat, vt à Pythagora Pythagoręi, vel à genere vitæ, vt Cynici, quòd vitam canis <lb></lb>imitarentur; ab actione nonnulli, vt à deambulando Peripatetici. </s> <s>à patria quidem, vt Cyrenaici, <lb></lb>& Megarenſes, & à loco potiſsimum, velut Academici & Stoici à porticu. </s> <s>Sed ea princeps diſtri<lb></lb>butio ſectarum quæ à loco <expan abbr="nomẽ">nomen</expan> obtinuit in Ionicam & Italicam huic nos <expan abbr="Eleaticã">Eleaticam</expan> ſubiicimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec defuerunt qui nomen ex profeſsione ducerent, hinc quidam morales, alij dialectici dicti, <lb></lb>nonnulli Theologi, & illi phyſici qui motum pro principio ſtatuerent. </s> <s>Atque vt ab Italica exor<lb></lb>diar quæ (niſi fallor) eadem eſt cum Pythagorica, auctor eius fuit Pythagoras Samius Pherecy<lb></lb>dis Syri auditor qui cum Heſiodo numeratur in Theologis. </s> <s>fuit <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> primus qui animi immor<lb></lb>talitatem profeſſus fuerit, & cùm apud veteres myſteria naturæ ſub fabulis traderentur; grauiter <lb></lb>& ſeriò philoſophari cœpit. </s> <s>Eius ergo auditor Pythagoras. </s> <s>Huius ſectatores de quibus meminit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg391"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, Empedocles, Epicharmus, Archytas Tarentinus, Alemęo Crotoniates, ſed hic floruit <lb></lb>ſub Pythagora iam ſeniore, Hippaſus Metapontinus. </s> <s>Eleaticæ dicitur auctor fuiſſe Thelauges <lb></lb>Pythagoræ filius; eius patroni fuerunt Xenophanes, Parmenides, Meliſſus, Zeno Eleates; cum eis <lb></lb>quoque Lycophronem numeremus; Leucippus, Democritus, & Heraclitus quorum ætate vixit <lb></lb>Hippocrates. </s> <s>Ionicæ princeps fuit Thales Mileſius: hic omnium primus naturalem <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> <lb></lb>profeſſus eſt; ipſum ſequutus eſt Anaximander; huic ſucceſsit Anaximenes; hic auditorem ha<lb></lb>buit Anaxagoram. </s> <s>is Archelaum docuit qui primus ex Ionia philoſophiam vexit Athenas, hunc <lb></lb>poſt audiuit Socrates. </s> <s>Sed ipſe rerum naturalium ſcrutatione poſthabita, ac nonnullis de defini<lb></lb>tionis regulis explicatis ſe totum dedit officiis ciuilibus, & animos <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> bonis moribus infor<lb></lb>mare conſtituit vtilia perſequens; ea verò quę nullius vſus eſſent, àc ſi ſupra hominis captum fo<lb></lb>rent, omittens. </s> <s>A Socrate deſcendit Plato auctor ſectæ Academiæ, Antiſthenes Cynicæ, Ariſtip<lb></lb>pus Cyrenaicæ cum quo recenſetur Eudoxus, à Platone fluxit Spereſippus qui ſeſe tenuit in Aca<lb></lb>demia. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles, tametſi Platonis auditor, inſtituit ſectam Peripateticam valdè ab Academica <lb></lb>differentem. </s> <s>Quia verò huius philoſophi inſtitutionem ſequimur, neque ab re nos facturos eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg392"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cenſemus, ſi de illius familia nonnulla ſubiungamus. </s> <s>Fertur verò <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> Theophraſto <expan abbr="ſcholã">ſcholam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmiſiſſe">commiſiſſe</expan>, hic verò eandem methodum ſeruans quam inſtituit Ariſtoteles, ſcripſit hiſtoriam plan<lb></lb>tarum. </s> <s>Poſt Theophraſtum Eudemus tenuiſſe legitur. </s> <s>atque hactenus Ariſtotelis decreta retenta <lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Nam ſtrato Lampſacenus, quanquam Theophraſti diſcipulus, multa <expan abbr="cõmutauit">commutauit</expan>, vnde puri <lb></lb>illi Peripati fontes conturbati fuerunt, prętereo complures alios quorum nulla extat hodie nota <lb></lb>apud noſtros <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> audacia, ſeu negligentia veriſimile eſt, diſciplinam illam Ariſtotelicam fuiſſe <lb></lb>fędatam. </s> <s>Mox grauiſsimus caſus perculit non modo profeſſores, verùm etiam libros occultauit, <lb></lb>vt demum L. Syllæ beneficio libri Ariſtotelici poſt aliquot ſæcula quaſi reuixerint; eos habuit <lb></lb>M. Varro; tractauit etiam M. Tullius. </s> <s>Iterum afflicta eſt illa <expan abbr="philoſophãdi">philoſophandi</expan> ratio, donec à Soſigene <lb></lb>Byzantij fuit propè à mortuis excitata. </s> <s>Sed eius extat ſola memoria, ab <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan> illius diſcipulo <lb></lb>propagata <expan abbr="cõmentaria">commentaria</expan> nulla. </s> <s>Hinc ſucceſsit Alexander, cuius iudicium ita pręſtans <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> eſt, vt <lb></lb>nemo Ariſtotelicus exiſtimaretur, qui non eſſet Alexandręus. </s> <s>ignoratur <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> hic'ne an pręceptor <lb></lb>eius Soſigenes <foreign lang="grc">ὑπομνημαστησοῦ</foreign>, ideſt <expan abbr="cõmentatoris">commentatoris</expan> nomine decoratus eſſet. </s> <s>Ab Alexandro The<lb></lb>miſtius emanauit, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> Metaphraſten maiores noſtri vocarunt. </s> <s>Hinc Michaël Epheſius vſque ad <pb pagenum="41"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg393"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Theodorum Metochyten, quos Atticos, generatim dictos fuiſſe coniicimus ab interprete tertij de <lb></lb>Anima, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſub Ioannis <expan abbr="Grãmatici">Grammatici</expan> nomine tractamus, ſed obſeruarunt <expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan> <expan abbr="Stephanũ">Stephanum</expan> eſſe & <lb></lb>ipſum Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="interpretẽ">interpretem</expan>, ſed cuias ipſe fuerit è quo ordine, qua ætate nil certi ſuccurrit quod <lb></lb>affirmari valeat. </s> <s>Aliquanto ante hæc <expan abbr="tẽpora">tempora</expan> diſciplinæ Alexandriæ excultæ ſunt <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> profeſſores <lb></lb>Ammonij & <expan abbr="Grãmatici">Grammatici</expan>; atque illi quidem ſæpè doctori ſuo parùm amici. </s> <s>Ex interpretibus Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis illi etiam Platoni dediti; neſcio verò tenuerint'ne; cùm è Gręcia pulſi fuerint, Simplicius, <lb></lb>Priſcianus Lydus, & Olympiodorus; & hic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non valdè Ariſtoteli addictus. </s> <s>Inde ad Arabas di<lb></lb>ſciplina Peripatetica permanauit; apud hos Auerroës & Auicenna floruerunt; <expan abbr="quamquã">quamquam</expan> in Hi<lb></lb>ſpania tenuere: pòſt ad Britannos & Germanos; inter hos excelluit quamquam longo poſt <expan abbr="tẽ-pore">ten<lb></lb>pore</expan> Scotus. </s> <s>A Britannis & Germanis opera Karolimagni, qui Longobardis ſubiugatis, & Italia <lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> tyrannide liberata, Romæ, Bononiæ, Ticini gymnaſia publica erexit; philoſophia longo <lb></lb>temporis interuallo migrauit ad Italos: horum omnium Coryphęus D. Thomas.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg378"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg379"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg380"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg381"></margin.target>a 1. ad Eu. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg382"></margin.target>b 1. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. 101.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg383"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg384"></margin.target>c 13. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg385"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg386"></margin.target>d 1. Polit. <lb></lb>c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg387"></margin.target>e 1. ad Eu. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg388"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg389"></margin.target>a 1. De E<lb></lb>lem</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg390"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg391"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg392"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg393"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur generatim, quo pacto ſcientiarum principia tractentur, & quam viam tenuerit <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, dum veterum ſententias de principijs conuellit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg394"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg394"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CAETERVM ſententiæ de rerum ſumma exiſtunt, quippe quòd initia phyſiologiæ per<lb></lb>tentent, & ex his aliquæ ſic labefactent, vt ipſi nil planè relinquant, quo firmari poſsit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare conſtituendum quippiam fuit quo phyſicè inſiſteret. </s> <s>id ab Ariſtotele confectum fuiſſe <lb></lb>ſcimus: ſed qua ratione, qua via, & quatenus factitatum, non æquè conſtat apud omnes. </s> <s>Igitur <lb></lb>antequàm cominus accedamus ad ea perpendenda quæ veteres philoſophi decreuerint, breui<lb></lb>ter explicare præſtabit, quemadmodum ſcientiæ in ſuorum principiorum tractatione verſentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ab iis verò exordium diſputationis noſtræ ducetur quæ monuit <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> nos Ariſtoteles in qua<lb></lb>que quęſtione veſtiganda. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ea verò etſi ad Geometriam ab ipſo accommodantur, nihilominus <arrow.to.target n="marg395"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad phyſicen facilè tranſumuntur. </s> <s>ita enim illa pręcepta traduntur, vt ab vnius <expan abbr="ſciẽtiæ">ſcientiæ</expan> progreſſu, <lb></lb>de omnibus idem fiat iudicium. </s> <s>Quamobrem è diſputationibus quaſdam naturales eſſe pone<lb></lb>mus, alias autem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturales, eas naturales appellamus quæ pendent ex principiis philoſophiæ <lb></lb>naturalis. </s> <s>Non naturales autem, vel quòd phyſiologiæ principia non aſſumant, vel quòd iis ab<lb></lb>utantur. </s> <s>Cùm tot modis tractentur quęſtiones, illud ratum eſſe oportet, dum verſamur in ſcien<lb></lb>tia naturali, de non naturalibus abſolutè nihil eſſe dicendum. </s> <s>Proinde etiam Plato quendam de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg396"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rebus ad Geometriam <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> pertinentibus ſciſcitantem miſit ad Euclidem, licere autem verba facere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg397"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturali philoſopho de quęſtionibus illis quę ſunt non naturales aliqua ex parte. </s> <s>Quocirca ſi di<lb></lb>ſputationes naturales pendent è principiis ſcientiæ naturalis. </s> <s>contrà, cùm quęſtiones de principiis <lb></lb>rerum naturalium non poſsint eſſe ex hoc genere, neque ordine, & quęſtiones igitur de principiis <lb></lb>rerum naturalium, erunt omnino non naturales. </s> <s>oportebit enim eſſe <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> principia, quod <lb></lb>ſcientię prorſus aduerſatur. </s> <s>Verùm fac incidere controuerſiam de principiis huius methodi, cu<lb></lb>ius'nam officium erit illa tractare? </s> <s>Profectò principia cuiuſdam ſcientiæ, aut in alia principia re<lb></lb>ſoluuntur, aut ſunt abſolutè prima. </s> <s>Rurſus, ſi tractanda ſunt, aut ita illa tractare oportet, vt de<lb></lb>monſtrentur, aut vt reſpondeamus ad obiectiones. </s> <s>Ac ſi ea demonſtrari contingat; aut per cauſſas <lb></lb>demonſtrantur, aut per nota nobis. </s> <s>Inſuper obiectiones ad quas reſpondendum eſt, aut pendent <lb></lb>ex illius ſcientię principiis, aut illa euertunt. </s> <s>Si igitur illis alia principia pręcedant, eorum proba<lb></lb>tio pertinet ad eam ſcientiam quæ verſatur in notitia principiorum ſuperiorum, hęc autem ſub<lb></lb>alternans à dialecticis appellatur. </s> <s>Si verò principia prima fuerint abſolutè, aut hæc euidentia per <lb></lb>ſe ſunt, ita vt ſolius ſenſus auxilio noteſcant, aut ſi non adeò <expan abbr="cõſpicua">conſpicua</expan> fuerint, nec demonſtrantur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg398"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>item; ſed admonitione quadam perſuadentur, ea verò communis eſſe cuique ſcientiæ poteſt, aut <lb></lb>quanquam conſpicua, ſi negentur propter proteruientes vna redargutione confirmantur. </s> <s>id au<lb></lb>tem præſtat habitus dialecticus. </s> <s>Generatim verò in illa ſcientia in qua tanquàm principia ſumun<lb></lb>tur, ea ſupponi oportet, et ſi quo pacto tractentur, ita tractentur, vt aut declarentur per nota no<lb></lb>bis, aut vt tollantur obiectiones, non omnes ſanè, ſed illæ quæ è principiis eius ſcientiæ ducuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque aut vbi non ſupponantur phyſiologię principia, aut afferantur rationes, quę ipſa funditus <lb></lb>è medio tollant, non abutentes neque detorquentes illa, non erit munus philoſophi naturalis ea <lb></lb>tractare. </s> <s>Verùm ſi de principiis exiſtant, aut erit ſubalternantis officium, aut communis <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſiue ea fuerit prima philoſophia, ſiue dialectica. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſcientiæ principia varia ſint, <expan abbr="variiq́">variique</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſcientiarum ordines: age nunc particulatim ſingula percurramus, & ius <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> cuique ſcientiæ red<lb></lb>dere nitamur. </s> <s>Quid verò controuerſię ſit adhibitis hiſce diſtinctionibus facilè intelligetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ge<lb></lb>nera <expan abbr="probationũ">probationum</expan> tripliciter diſtribuimus. </s> <s>aut enim ſunt ex cauſsis, aut ex effectis, aut ex notis no<lb></lb>bis; quid <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> differat nota nobis ab effectibus anteà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Prętereà principia ſunt illa ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>demonſtramus, aut de quibus, i. </s> <s>ipſa ſubiecta. </s> <s>hęc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> vel generalia ſunt <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> ſcientię totius, <lb></lb>vel propria cuiuſdam partis, atque illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> principia partes <expan abbr="proprietatesq́">proprietatesque</expan>. </s> <s>veſtigantur. <pb pagenum="42"></pb>Atque iterum principia ex quibus <expan abbr="demõſtramus">demonſtramus</expan>, aut cognitionis initia ſunt, aut rei. </s> <s>in principiis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg399"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cognitionis ſunt axiomata <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan>, hypotheſes, & quædam nota nobis quæ petuntur à ſenſu. <lb></lb></s> <s>Principia rei ſunt definitiones & cauſſæ, vel totius ſubiecti, vel partium eius. </s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> illa quæ <lb></lb>ſunt nota nobis ad inuentionis potius quàm cognitionis initia referuntur. </s> <s>ac ſi cognitionis initia <lb></lb>libeat appellare, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcirco debent in methodo tractari. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ſint vulgo notiſsima; ars <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg400"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcientia quæque verſetur in iis quæ vulgo latent, neque in euidentibus tractandis <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> ludat. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles hæc <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan> <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> præcedentia cognitioni <expan abbr="primorũ">primorum</expan> <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan>: quapropter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg401"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re uera non ſunt ſcientiæ principia. </s> <s>quocirca à nob. </s> <s>optimo iure omittentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>dum ſcruta<lb></lb>bimur poſsint'ne ſcientiæ tractare ſua principia, definitiones, & axiomata ſolum, & cauſſas; cùm <lb></lb>ſubiecti totius, tùm eius partium <expan abbr="cõplectemur">complectemur</expan>, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>cum triplici probationis genere conferemus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſtremò cùm principia ſumi poſsint, vt illa quibus accidit eſſe principia, aut etiam cum habi<lb></lb>tudine ad ea quorum principia ſunt, vtrunque caput in controuerſiam reuocare volumus. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>enim illud præcęteris ſtatuendum eſſe videtur neminem vſquam aggredi ſcientiam, quin iam <lb></lb>animo præoccuparit aliquas eſſe cauſſas & eorum principia quorum ſcientiam quærit. </s> <s>Nam qui <lb></lb>ſcientiam perſequitur, is certè in cauſſarum notitiam contendit. </s> <s>Nec etiam vulgò ignotum: <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſcire eſſe rem ex cauſſa cognoſcere. </s> <s>proptereà dixit aliquando Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſcientiæ & ratio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg402"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg403"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cinationi cauſſas ſupponi quæ quæruntur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>inuectus eſt in Parmenidem & Meliſſum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg404"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg405"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia naturam principij tollerent. </s> <s>quòd hæc hypotheſis mirum in modum ſcientiæ leges euertat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Idcirco vereor ne Theophraſtus <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> parum aptè collegerit eſſe principia, <expan abbr="ſimulq́">ſimulque</expan>. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> phy<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg406"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſico delegarit, ita enim ratiocinatur. </s> <s>Compoſita ſunt. </s> <s>Compoſita conſtant è principijs. </s> <s>Et prin<lb></lb>cipia ſunt igitur. </s> <s>Quis enim non perſpicit id concludi, quod accipitur? </s> <s>dum enim compoſita <expan abbr="cõ-cipio">con<lb></lb>cipio</expan>, principia quoque componentia cogito. </s> <s>Nec cur id officium phyſici ſit, prorſus ſcio. </s> <s>quip<lb></lb>pe quòd eadem ratione poſſet vti mathematicus. </s> <s>ac primus philoſophus, & omnis artifex, dum <lb></lb>ponit quiſque ſubiectum, cuius principia, partes, <expan abbr="affectionesq́">affectionesque</expan>. </s> <s>venetur. </s> <s>Itaque ratio communis <lb></lb>eſt, nec è principiis rei ducta, nec demonſtratiua; nec phyſica igitur. </s> <s>Verùm quia poſſet quiſpiam <lb></lb>repugnare dicens, quamuis id ad phyſicum non pertineat; eſſe nihilominus habitum quendam <lb></lb>qui tractet ita principia, vt doceat aliqua eſſe ex quibus conſtent demonſtrationes. </s> <s>Monet Sim<lb></lb>plicius nullum habitum exiſtere qui hoc munere fungatur. </s> <s>Neque verò neceſſarium eſſe, quòd <lb></lb>ſua cuique ſupponantur. </s> <s>Et illud perſpicuum eſt in naturali philoſophia <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>eſſe principia, & philoſophiam naturalem habere principia. </s> <s>quocirca nec illius <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> ſine prin<lb></lb>cipiorum cognitione haberi poſſe. </s> <s>& ſtatim conuertere ſe ſcientiam ad exquirendum qualis ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg407"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principiorum vis; vt quamuis quæſtio ſit'ne res, anteponenda ſit: nihilominus ea non requira<lb></lb>tur in omnibus, ſed in iis quæ ſint, nec'ne ignoratur. </s> <s>Atqui principia noſcuntur. </s> <s>Veruntamen <lb></lb>finge tu nunc ignorari principia, neque itidem ad phyſicam pertinebit eorum explicatio, ſed ad <lb></lb>aliam methodum. </s> <s>Cęterùm niſi hęc in bonam partem accipiantur nec rectè contra Theophra<lb></lb>ſtum inferuntur, nec progreſſum Ariſtotelis admodum ſeruant. </s> <s>Hæc enim quæ aſſumit Simpli<lb></lb>cius, ſi transferantur ad ſignificandum certa principia, v. </s> <s>g. formam, aut finem; nihil id ad rem <lb></lb>noſtram, qui cum Theophraſto de ratione principij diſputamus: nec quærimus ſit ne forma, aut <lb></lb>finis; ſed vtrum principia ſint abſolutè nec'ne. </s> <s>quod nos in omni methodo, vt perſpicuum ſumi <lb></lb>defendimus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi Simplicius principij rationem accipiat; etiam fallit quandò item ratio prin<lb></lb>cipij demonſtretur; vt cùm prima contraria concluditur eſſe principia. </s> <s>Quocirca ratio principij, <lb></lb>nec à phyſico, nec à primo philoſopho, aut dialectico, nec demum in vlla methodo peragetur <lb></lb>quæ ſimplici quæſtione colligatur; ſiquidem natura per ſe, dum ingenuit ſciendi cupidinem, <lb></lb>excitat nos ad obſcurarum rerum cauſſas indagandas, & ita notitiam cuiuſdam principij quod <lb></lb>inquirendum ſit, ſubminiſtrat. </s> <s>Verùm principij rationem veluti complexum concludi nil pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg408"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hibet. </s> <s>Nec quicquam vetat, quominus opiner eam tractationem à philoſopho confici poſſe; & <lb></lb>quamquam methodum ita ſuorum principiorum rationem habere, ſi oporteat. </s> <s>Mox ad ipſa <lb></lb>principia tranſeamus. </s> <s>Quia verò tonus ſcientiæ ſubiectum vt baſis eſt eorum omnium quæ in <lb></lb>ſcientia tractantur, & id quo vniuerſa referuntur, & cuius gratia reliqua ſpectari debent, de illo <lb></lb>primùm diſſeramus. </s> <s>In primis verò accipimus ſcientiam ſubiecto definiri & ab ipſo ſic determi<lb></lb>nari, vt illius gratia cuncta diſquirantur. </s> <s>quia primum pellit ſenſum, & animo deſiderium ſuæ <lb></lb>cognitionIs incutit. </s> <s>Porrò dum quidpiam noſcere volumus, conſectamur quid & cuiuſmodi ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>illud definitione conficitur. </s> <s>hoc abſoluit demonſtratio. </s> <s>Quare definitiones & demonſtrationes <lb></lb>illò tendunt, vt ipſarum auxilio noſcatur ſubiectum. </s> <s>vſque adeò, vt tametſi methodus rem quæ <lb></lb>ſenſibus ſeſe obtulerit, in ſua principia reſoluat & vbi reſoluerit, ibi demum quieſcat; at non ceſ<lb></lb>ſat mens, quin reditu quodam facto cauſſas reſolutione inuentas applicet ad id quod anteà quæ <lb></lb>rebatur. </s> <s>Hoc igitur non modò ignotum ſimpliciter eſſe nequit, ſed neque etiam omni ex parte <lb></lb>notum. </s> <s>ſiquidem aliquod ſenſile, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>notiſsimum nobis pro ſubiecto ſumatur neceſſe eſt, vt ad <lb></lb>ſui diſquiſitionem excitet mentem noſtram, ac niſi tale fuerit, non rectè conſtituetur ſubiectum. <pb pagenum="43"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg409"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Proinde ens & ſubſtantia mobilis & quantum, quia notiſsima nobis vt ſubiecta ponuntur, & eo<lb></lb>rum principia <expan abbr="proprietatesq́">proprietatesque</expan>. </s> <s>veſtigantur. </s> <s>Nec vlla methodus eſt, quæ non accipiat aut vnum ex <lb></lb>his, aut eius aliquam partem, aut ipſorum aliquid ſeu proprium, ſeu principium. </s> <s>Neque verò ſic <lb></lb>nota eſſe oportet ea, quæ ſcientiarum ſubiecta facimus, vt ſingulæ illorum partes neceſſariò te<lb></lb>neantur: neque ſic totius ſcientiæ ſubiectum conſtituitur: verùm ſat eſt, ſi cognoſcatur eſſe ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, ita ſubſtantiam eſſe ſimpliciter nouimus, etiam ſi vna aut altera ſubſtantia cognoſcatur à <lb></lb>nobis quia demptis indiuidui conditionibus vniuerſalibus ſubſtantia remanet. </s> <s>Itaque ex illo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quòd ſi non omnia; ſaltem aliqua moueantur; motum quoque eſſe colligitur. </s> <s>item <expan abbr="aſſecurandũ">aſſecurandum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt de quanto, quod ſine actu cognitione partium poni poteſt, vt ſubiectum. </s> <s>Ea poſtmodo quæ <lb></lb>ignota ſunt, ſiue partes, ſeu principia, ſiue proprietates in methodo ſuis viis & ingeniis exquirun<lb></lb>tur, de quibus mox agendum eſt. </s> <s>Et de proprietatibus non eſt dubitandum, quin ipſarum <expan abbr="demõ-ſtratio">demon<lb></lb>ſtratio</expan> ſit afferenda; quæ quidem fit vel propter quid ſolum, ſi ſenſui nota ſit, vel propter quid <lb></lb>& quòd fit, ſi fugiat ſenſum. </s> <s>cauſſas enim habent, cur inſint in ſubiecto. </s> <s>Partes ſanè multis mo<lb></lb>dis accipiuntur in methodis. </s> <s>vel vt ſubiectum, ſicut animal ſubſtantiæ naturalis, vel vt pars eius <lb></lb>quod eſt ad vnum, velut accidens ad ens. </s> <s>& cęlum ad reliqua corpora ſimplicia, vel vt pars me<lb></lb>thodi, quia ſcilicet in aliqua eius parte proponatur ad examinandum, velut ortus qui duobus li<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg410"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bris ſeparatis explicatur, licet referatur ad ſubſtantiam quæ phyſicæ totius eſt ſubiectum. </s> <s>huius <lb></lb>generis eſſe queunt ea quæ non ſunt, vt inane, lineæ in ſectiles, infinitum, & huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Sed quo<lb></lb>modocunque pars accipiatur de illa controuerſia naſcitur inter Auerrois interpretes propter re<lb></lb>pugnantiam quæ in eius philoſophi verbis deprehenditur. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="quandoq́">quandoque</expan>. </s> <s>concedit Auerroës <lb></lb>pattes ſubiecti in eadem ſcientia poſſe demonſtrari. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Vnde etiam ſummus philoſophus ignem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg411"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe aliquando concludebat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Tamen alibi negat in ſcientia demonſtrati poſſe ſubiectum, eiusúe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg412"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>partes. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Priorem ſententiam Zimara defendebat. </s> <s>neque ipſi videbatur abſurdum, partes ſubie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg413"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cti vbi fuiſſent ignotę, cùm <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> aliquid ſeipſis notius, aut proprium, aut cauſſam, vel ex cauſſa, <lb></lb>vel ex effectu demonſtrari. </s> <s>Corroborarunt alij Zimaræ ſententiam nonnullis argumentis. </s> <s>In<lb></lb>quiunt enim. </s> <s>Siquis ſit ad quem perrineat oſtendere rem eſſe, ad eundem quoque ſpectare oſten<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg414"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dere quid ſit. </s> <s>Sed ad geometram verbig. </s> <s>pertinet conſiderare, ſit'ne triangulus qui pars eſt, ſeu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg415"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpecies ſubiecti. </s> <s>Ergo etiam ipſe docebit quid ſit. </s> <s>Si igitur illi ſciendum eſt, ſit'ne triangulus; <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>quoque ſciet quid ſit. </s> <s>Atqui hæc cognitio eſt à priori & ex cauſſa. </s> <s>Prætereà definitio poteſt eſſe <lb></lb>nota aliqua ex parte, quamuis definitum ſit ignotum. </s> <s>Ergo definitum ex definitione demonſtra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg416"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg417"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bitur. </s> <s>& ex cauſſa igitur. </s> <s>Quòd item ex effectu partem ſubiecti demonſtrare liceat, Ariſtotelis au<lb></lb>ctoritate confirmatur qui docet nos poſſe noſcere rem eſſe, vel per ſe, vel per accidens, ideſt quan<lb></lb>do fuerint nota nobis euentu rei propoſitæ. </s> <s>permulta verò huiuſce progreſſus exempla ſubiicere <lb></lb>poſſem. </s> <s>vt cùm ignem eſſe probatur ex eo quòd terra ſit & eſſe mentem agentem, quia ſit pote<lb></lb>ſtate mens. </s> <s>Sed opponam ego huic ſententiæ rationem Ariſtotelis ita concludentis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Si demon<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg418"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtraretur eſſe ſubiectum; ergo & quid eſt ſubiectum demonſtrari poſſet. </s> <s>Sed quid eſt demonſtra<lb></lb>tioni non eſt obnoxium. </s> <s>Nec quòd fit igitur. </s> <s>Quapropter, vt cum Ariſtotele conſentiamus & <lb></lb>Auerroëm purgare poſsimus; accipiemus primùm nullum eſſe genus demonſtrationis quo ſim<lb></lb>pliciter aliquid eſſe probari poſsit. </s> <s>Et quamuis à definitione progrediamur ad definitum; nec id <lb></lb>etiam vel auctore Auerroë genus eſt argumentationis, ſed numeratur in admonitionibus. </s> <s>ſiqui<lb></lb>dem in ipſa definitione rei definiendæ natura ſtatim appareat: cùm idem ſint definitio & defini<lb></lb>tum, ſed in definito natura ipſius <expan abbr="cõfuſa">confuſa</expan> ſpectetur, in definitione verò diſtincta & euoluta in ſuas <lb></lb>partes. </s> <s>Ac ſiquis eſt proceſſus rationis in definitione, is eſt à parte definitionis ad partem, vt à ge<lb></lb>nere ad differentias & à partibus ad totam definitionem. </s> <s>& ſi rectè animaduertas, eſt via ſeu me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg419"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>thodus, non inſtrumentum cognitionis. </s> <s>Demum omni genere ſyllogiſmi ſimpliciter excluditur <lb></lb>definitio, per ſe. </s> <s>Sed neque demonſtratione ab effectu concludi poteſt quæſtio ſimplex. </s> <s>ſiquidem <lb></lb>id quod demonſtratione concluditur, vt in alio concluditur, & efficit quæſtionem complexam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt quæſtio ſimplex abſoluatur ſyllogiſmo quem diximus hypotheticum per natu<lb></lb>ram. </s> <s>Quapropter ad ea quæ aduerſarij dicebant, ita reſpondemus. </s> <s>Primùm notantes accipi falsò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg420"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vbi procedimus à definitione ad definitum, eſſe genus argumentandi; ſed euolutionem ſolam & <lb></lb>diſtinctionem definiti in ſuas partes. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Similiter quòd à parte definitionis ad definitum ſyllogi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg421"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſticè progrediamur. </s> <s>id quoque nego. </s> <s>Et noſcimus quidem eſſe rem, vel per ſe vel per accidens; <lb></lb>nec tamen per ſyllogiſmum ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Quod verò ad repugnantiam pertinet quæ ex verbis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg422"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Auerrois exoritur, eam facilè tollo; quoniam 4. de cęlo probationem non ſimpliciter accipit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg423"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed quemcunque rationis progreſſum quem nos tum eſſe dicimus ſyllogiſmum hypotheticum <lb></lb>per naturam; 6. verò Met. dicimus ipſum ſyllogiſmum ſimpliciter ei denegare. </s> <s>Succedunt his <lb></lb>principia cognitionis quæ dicimus axiomata. </s> <s>Hæc ſanè nullum genus demonſtrationis admit<lb></lb>tunt, quia nihil habent neque prius ſeipſis, neque notius, neque natura, neque nobis Habent <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> axiomata principia <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> inuentionis, ipſa ſcilicet ſenſilia & ſingularia è quibus colliguntur. <pb pagenum="44"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg424"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Siquis tamen illa neget, proteruiens potius quàm quòd iis fidem non habeat; dicimus eſſe mu<lb></lb>nus artificis communis, ſeu dialecticus ſit, ſeu primus philoſophus; redarguere ſolùm ea negan<lb></lb>tem, neque vllo modo demonſtrare, quippe quòd omnino ſint indemonſtrabilia. </s> <s>Qua vérò id ra<lb></lb>tione efficiatur, hac facta partitione cognoſcemus. </s> <s>Scire enim licet, inter axiomata vnum eſſe, <lb></lb>quod eſt omnium primum & principium cęterorum pronuntiatorum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec quidem, vt cauſſam; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg425"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed vt per ſe notiſsimum. </s> <s>De quolibet verum eſſe aſſerere, aut negare. </s> <s>Ex hoc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> reliqua axio<lb></lb>mata fidem ſumere. </s> <s>Philoſopho igitur nulla via ſuccurrit qua primum illud confirmet. </s> <s>Itaque <lb></lb>ſubuenit philoſopho dialecticus, & ea ratione confirmat deducendo neganter in abſurda, repu<lb></lb>gnantia, nugas,s&sconſimiles ſcopos qui ſunt dialectici. </s> <s>Hoc principio ſtabilito cęterorum proba<lb></lb>tionem ſuſcipit. </s> <s>Primus philoſophus quæ ſic confirmat, vt eò deducat aduerſarium quod fieri <lb></lb>nequit, id verò eſt quod opponitur illi primo principio. </s> <s>Nam ſiquis ſiquis exempli g. neget. </s> <s>Quæ vni <lb></lb>tertiò ſimilia ſunt, inter ſe quoque eſſe ſimilia. </s> <s>dicet primus philoſophus. </s> <s>Si minus; ergo inter ſe <lb></lb>ſimilia non eſſent. </s> <s>quare nec illi eidem ſimilia erunt, ſed diſsimilia. </s> <s>Quapropter eadem eidem <lb></lb>ſimilia erunt & non ſimilia. </s> <s>Sic de quolibet non erit verum aſſerere & negare, quod & euiden<lb></lb>tiſsimè falſum eſt, & nullo modo fieri poteſt. </s> <s>& hac ratione reliquarum ſcientiarum principia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg426"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>probantur. </s> <s>Nec ob id te ſuſpicari velim, <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> philoſophiam cęteras ſcientias ſibi ſubalternas ef<lb></lb>ficere, ſi illarum principia probet. </s> <s>Neque enim omne genus probationis conſtituit gradum ſubal<lb></lb>terni; ſed vbi procedat ex cauſsis, quod in noſtra hypotheſi non vſuuenit. </s> <s>Deinde moneo prin<lb></lb>cipia notiſsima non ſic à philoſopho tractari, quia contracta ſint ad cuiuſpiam certę ſcientię ſub<lb></lb>iectum, vt in quaque ſcientia ſumi debent, accipiuntur enim ſecundum analogiam, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt noſti; ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg427"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quibus ineſt per accidens, vt contracta ad certa ſubiecta fiant principia cęterarum ſcientiarum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex his ſoluere licet Eudemi dubitationem qui ſic argumentabatur. </s> <s>Cùm probatio principiorum <lb></lb>ad nullam ſcientiam ſpectet, ſed aut ad ſuperiorem, aut ad communem quampiam. </s> <s>Si ponamus <lb></lb>illa in ſuperiore aut communi nota non eſſe. </s> <s>Nec igitur hæ ſcientiæ ſua principia confirmare po<lb></lb>terunt. </s> <s>quare ad aliam illas confugere oportebit. </s> <s>Aut igitur in infinitum hoc fiet; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>efficie<lb></lb>tur, vt nullius rei ſcientia eſſe poſsit, aut aliqua ſcientia poterit ſua principia probare contrà <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>conſtituerit Ariſtoteles, inquiens. </s> <s>Nulli de principiis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nanque, vt etiam teſtatur Simplicius re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg428"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpondens ad Eudemum, hęc ſcientia perueniet ad ea quæ per ſe nota ſunt, quæ nemo fanę mentis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg429"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnquàm negaret niſi proteruiens, in quem ſic inuehetur, vt paullò antè docuimus. </s> <s>Secundum ab <lb></lb>axiomate locum hypotheſes obtinent, quas ab axiomate differre nouimus, quòd axioma de do<lb></lb>mo affertur, hę tantiſper illi cedentes præmonſtratorem deſiderant, ſed tamen vt primùm decla<lb></lb>rantur, credit auditor eas aut communes eſſe accepimus in vniuerſa ſcientia, cuiuſmodi illa eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Statuatur omnia aut quędam moueri; aut ſpeciales, & ad probationem cuiuſpiam certæ conclu<lb></lb>ſionis in ea facultate ſumi, attamen ipſas per ſe demonſtrari poſſe; vt ſi infinitum non eſſe pona<lb></lb>mus cum Anaxagora diſſerentes de naturæ principiis, quod poſteà pluribus tranſigendum ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm ſi communes fuerint, per ſenſum noteſcunt, quemadmodum reliqua principia de qui<lb></lb>bus ſuprà dictum eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quòd ſi non ſufficiat ſenſus, aut quoquo pacto negentur, earum proba<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg430"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio pertinet ad aliam methodum, ſiue ea communis ſit, ſiue habeat illam, ſubalterna. </s> <s>vtputa ma<lb></lb>thematicus accipit à phyſico in infinitum diuidi poſſe continuum. </s> <s>Si verò fuerint ſpeciales & <lb></lb>ſcientiæ partem reſpiciant; non video, cur in eadem ſcientia probari non poſsint. </s> <s>Nam prius ali<lb></lb>quid habent in illa ſcientia ex quo demonſtrari queant. </s> <s>Itaque non de illis ad aliam facultatem <lb></lb>quæſtio reuocari debet, ſed de principiis illius primis, ſi fortè negentur, iis poſitis reliqua ex illis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg431"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neceſſariò conſequuntur. </s> <s>Ad hoc tamen dialecticen valere non nego. </s> <s>nullis enim cancellis coër<lb></lb>cetur; ſed ex datis procedens, aditum habet ad quodlibet problema; atque ita latè patet, vt ſiquis <lb></lb>principia primo philoſopho negaret, facultas illa probandi ſuppeteret dialectico. </s> <s>Neque enim <lb></lb>illos audiendos eſſe puto qui æqualem ambitum dialectico & primo philoſopho concedunt, <lb></lb>quòd vtrique de ente ſpeculentur. </s> <s>ſiquidem non ſeruant eandem proportionem vtriuſque me<lb></lb>thodi vires. </s> <s>cùm tametſi primus philoſophus de ente diſſerit, accipiat tamen ipſum terminis qui<lb></lb>buſdam & certa conſiderandi ratione definitum, itaque definitus habet quæſtiones. </s> <s>contrà dia<lb></lb>lecticus omne ens peruagatur, nullis certis quæſtionibus adſtringitur. </s> <s>idcirco non minus diſtat <lb></lb>dialectica à prima philoſophia, quàm à reliquis ſcientiis. </s> <s>ſed ſi id præſtare poteſt eadem ſcientia, <lb></lb>cur opem dialectici implorare debemus? </s> <s>Quod igitur ad cognitionis principia pertinet, ita <expan abbr="cõ-ſtitutum">con<lb></lb>ſtitutum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Reliquum modò eſt, vt principia rei conficiamus. </s> <s>Porrò principia rei cauſſas <expan abbr="defi-nitionesq́">defi<lb></lb>nitionesque</expan>. </s> <s>complectuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="easq́">easque</expan>. </s> <s>cùm generales, tùm item ſpeciales. </s> <s>De generalibus diſſerens <lb></lb>Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eas diſtribuit in primas, & prorſus in demonſtrabiles, & illas quarum aliæ cauſſæ prio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg432"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res extent. </s> <s>Si primæ fuerint, putat eas ex effectibus oſtendi poſſe; nos agamus communius, & <lb></lb>dicamus ex notis nobis, quòd ſi in alias ſuperiores cauſſas reſoluantur; propter quid ipſæ ſint, <pb pagenum="45"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg433"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>explicare munus eſſe ſuperioris ſcientiæ. </s> <s>Veruntamen inuehebantur in Auerroëm viri grauiſsi<lb></lb>mi ita opponentes. </s> <s>Primùm quòd non ex cauſsis efficiatur ſcientia principiorum. </s> <s>Cùm enim <lb></lb>ſcire quòd eſt, & ſcire cur eſt ita ſe habeant, at aliquando in eadem ſcientia vterque ſciendi mo<lb></lb>dus habeatur, nonnunquàm verò ſcire quòd res eſt, ſit inferioris ſcientiæ, cur autem ſuperioris. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si in eadem ſcientia ſint, quòd eſt & cur eſt, patet reditum fieri poſſe à demonſtratione, quòd eſt <lb></lb>ad demonſtrationem cur ſit. </s> <s>Non igitur ex alia ſcientia <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> cur eſt, petere cogemur: <lb></lb>ſed vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſcientia vtraque hæc munera præſtabit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſinguli ſciendi modi pertineant <lb></lb>ad ſingulas ſcientias, neque item cum vero conſonabit id quod dicit Auerroës. </s> <s>Quoniam ſcire <lb></lb>quòd res eſt maximè pertinet ad eam <expan abbr="ſciẽtiam">ſcientiam</expan> in qua docetur cur eſt. </s> <s>Cùm igitur accipiat Auer<lb></lb>roës ipſum cur eſt ad ſuperiorem ſcientiam pertinere; & ipſum quòd eſt, igitur ad eandem ſcien<lb></lb>tiam pertinebit. </s> <s>Neque item ex effectiş oſtendi queunt principia ſubiecti. </s> <s>Signo illud eſto. </s> <s>ſiqui<lb></lb>dem oſtendere quòd res ſit, ſit oſtendere cauſſam quòd ſit. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ſcientia cauſſam eſſe demon<lb></lb>ſtraret, poſſet item retrocedendo cauſſam eiuſdem oſtendere. </s> <s>Itaque ſcientia ſubalterna poſſet <lb></lb>docere, cur eſſent ſua principia, oppoſitum verò pronuntiabat Auerroës. </s> <s>Sed mirandum eſt ho<lb></lb>mines bene doctos in re tam ludicra lapſos eſſe, & ſophiſmate leuiſsimo ita ſeſe implicaſſe. </s> <s>quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg434"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>doquidem etſi in eadem ſcientia continetur vterque ſciendi modus: at non idcirco poteſt inferri <lb></lb>etiam principia cognoſci cur ſint. </s> <s>Neque enim ſic intelligitur vtrunque ſciendi modum referri <lb></lb>ad eandem rem, vt accipitur in obiectione: ſed quòd vnius ſit ſcientia quòd eſt, alterius <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> cur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quemadmodum ſe habent propè eſſe & non ſcintillare. </s> <s>quòd ex eo quòd non ſcintillent noui<lb></lb>mus eſſe propè: ex eo quòd ſint propè nouimus quamobrem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſcintillant: non autem, quia no<lb></lb>uimus ab effectu quòd propè ſint, idcirco etiam nouimus cur propè ſint. </s> <s>Cùm ſecundo loco affer<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Neque id euenire, vbi diuerſa ſit ſcientia qua cognoſcimus cur eſt ab ea qua nouimus quòd <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>quoniam, dum cognoſcimus cur eſt, ſimul item nouimus eſſe rem. </s> <s>Dicimus ipſum, quòd eſt <lb></lb>eſſe duplex, aut quod eſt notum nobis ſenſu & per accidens, aut quod eſt per ſe notum & per <lb></lb>cauſſas. </s> <s>quod notum nobis eſt, vt ſenſu & experientia notuerit, in alia ſcientia & in arte plerun<lb></lb>que conſpicuum eſt, quòd ars tractet ſenſilia; cauſſa ad ſuperiorem ſcientiam pertinet. </s> <s>& de hoc <lb></lb>ſciendi modo agebat Auerroës. </s> <s>Vbi tertiò dicitur oſtendere quòd eſt eſſe oſtendere cauſſam quòd <lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>Id non videtur perpetuò verum, ſed valebit ſolùm in cauſſam habentibus. </s> <s>Nam ſiqua ſit pri<lb></lb>ma cauſſa ſimpliciter, vbi ad illam reſoluendo peruenero & nouero quòd ſit: at non idcirco <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <lb></lb>ſic eſſe nouero, quia nouerim eius aliquam eſſe cauſſam; ſed quia per ſe nota ſit. </s> <s>Aut erit cogni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg435"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio quòd cauſſa ſit, quæ ſit eadem cum eo cuius eſſe quæritur. </s> <s>Nam in ſimplicibus quatenus ſim<lb></lb>plicia ſunt, idem eſt eſſe & eſſentia, cauſſæ verò ſunt huiuſmodi: Reſtant modò principia rei ſpe<lb></lb>cialia, vt cauſſæ hominis & diſciplinæ compotis. </s> <s>Atque horum quidem notitia paratur ex notis <lb></lb>nobis, & potiſsimè demonſtratione quòd eſt, ſi complexa fuerint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>dictum eſt ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>accidentia magnam partem conferre ad cognoſcendum quid eſt. </s> <s>ſi incomplexa, iis ſanè inſtru<lb></lb>mentis de quibus antea dictum eſt, cùm de incomplexorum probationibus ex 6. primæ philoſo<lb></lb>phiæ diceremus. </s> <s>His ergo modis ſcientiarum principia tractantur. </s> <s>Verùm poterit nobis oppone<lb></lb>re quiſpiam. </s> <s>Cùm de principiis exiſtere poſsit quæſtio duplex, an ſint, vt an ſit materies, an ſit <lb></lb>Deus; & an hæc principia ſint; cur poſteriorem hanc quæ complexa eſt, ab Ariſtotele tractatam <lb></lb>comperimus; alteram ſimplicem videmus fuiſſe neglectam? </s> <s>præcipuè quòd non negatur ſcientię <lb></lb>cuilibet ex notis nobis ad ſua principia proficiſci. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi quæſtionem ſimplicem damus in <lb></lb>partibus ſubiecti <expan abbr="cauſsisq́">cauſsisque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpecialibus, ecquid eſt cauſſæ quominus etiam de illis excitari poſsit <lb></lb>quæſtio ſimplex? </s> <s>An plures ſunt cauſſæ propter quas omittitur ſimplex quæſtio de cauſsis pri<lb></lb>mis; cùm quòd propter obſcuritatem vim methodi fugit; tùm etiam quòd quæſtio ſimplex eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg436"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de eo quòd eſt eſſe ſimpliciter; at quæſtio de eo, quòd res ſit ſimpliciter, eſt quæſtio metaphyſica: <lb></lb>Sed valeat hoc ia ſcientiis particularibus; nanque opponet illico quiſpiam, cur non id preſtat pri<lb></lb>ma philoſophia? </s> <s>Quin etiam ſi quis in controuerſiam reuocet principia communia; videtur in<lb></lb>currere in hoc periculum, ne de tota ſcientia dubitet; ergò eam profiteri nequit: at de cauſſa ſpe<lb></lb>ciali dubitans adhuc ſcientiam tueri poteſt; & de cauſſa ſpeciali quęſtio ſpecialis eſt à qua primus <lb></lb>philoſophus abhorret perpetuò tractans vniuersè. </s> <s>Qui dixerit hanc quæſtionem fugere metho<lb></lb>dum, patronum habebit Auerroëm; is enim ſubſtantias ſeparatas per ſe ipſas ſpectari poſſe tùm <lb></lb>monet, cùm adepti ſumus alias ſcientias, ſunt verò principia entis, quare methodo excedunt. </s> <s>Ita <lb></lb>ego de reliquis principiis primis ſimile iudicium faciam; præſertim quòd ſcientiam & habitum <lb></lb>demonſtratiuum ſic definiri perſpicio, quòd ſit vnius generis ſubiecti <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>principia partes & <lb></lb>proprietates doceat. </s> <s>qui periculum ſcientiæ proponet Græcos auctores ſui conſilij proferet. </s> <s>Re<lb></lb>liquum eſt nunc, vt explicemus, quemadmodum <expan abbr="cõflixerit">conflixerit</expan> cum veteribus Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>iam enim <lb></lb>patuit à phyſico negotium hoc peragi non poſſe. </s> <s>Nanque etſi habet aliquid fortè quòd afferat <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtraponentes">contraponentes</expan> motum: at nihil ſupereſt phyſico quo pugnet cum ijs qui negant motum. </s> <s>Video <lb></lb>cenſere quoſdam eo tempore phyſicum primum philoſophi perſonam ſuſtinere, quod item <pb pagenum="46"></pb>confirmari audio, quia loquitur de ente Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>ens verò pertinet ad primum philoſophum. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg437"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Terminos alij docent eſſe primi philoſophi, <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> diſſerendi <expan abbr="dialecticũ">dialecticum</expan>. </s> <s>Mihi non placet Ariſto<lb></lb>telem primi philoſophi perſonam ſuſcipere. </s> <s>Nam ſi ita dicamus, vercor ne habitum primi phi<lb></lb>loſophi phyſico præponere cogamur; cùm tamen ea vox <foreign lang="grc">μετὰ τ' φυσῖκὰ</foreign>, ideſt, poſt naturalia, <lb></lb>moneat habitum phyſicum eſſe præponendum. </s> <s>Neque illud prorſus verum, ens eſſe terminum <lb></lb>primi philoſophi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiquidem dialecticus, Sophiſtes, & primus Philoſophus in entis conſideratio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg438"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne verſentur. </s> <s>Proinde cùm dialecticus etiam de ente diſſerat, cum eiuſdem quoque facultatis <lb></lb>principia reſpiciat; illi probans de quolibet aſſerere, vel negare verum eſſe; cum item modus diſ<lb></lb>ſerendi ſit dialecticus; id quod ſcopi ſignificant quos in ea diſputatione ſpectat Ariſtoteles; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg439"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>video cur congreſſus non ſit dialecticus. </s> <s>Etenim deducere in abſurda contradicentia quæ fieri <lb></lb>nequeant, & ſolœciſmos ſunt ſcopi dialectici quos in tota illa diſceptatione conſectatur Ariſtote<lb></lb>les. </s> <s>Atque hactenus de ratione qua principia ſcientiarum in ſcientiis generatim tractantur, & <lb></lb>quemadmodum in methodo naturali Philoſophus in veteres inuehatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg395"></margin.target>a 1. Post.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg396"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg397"></margin.target>b Val. </s> <s>Max.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg398"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg399"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg400"></margin.target>a Gal lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de optima <lb></lb>lecta.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg401"></margin.target>b 2. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg402"></margin.target>c 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg403"></margin.target>d 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg404"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg405"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg406"></margin.target>f Simpl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg407"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg408"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg409"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg410"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg411"></margin.target>a 3. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. c. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg412"></margin.target>b 2. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg413"></margin.target>c 2 de An. <lb></lb>T. c. 27. <lb></lb><lb></lb>6. Me. T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg414"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg415"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg416"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg417"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg418"></margin.target>d 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg419"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg420"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg421"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg422"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg423"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg424"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg425"></margin.target>a 4. Met. <lb></lb>T. 7. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg426"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg427"></margin.target>b 1 Post. <lb></lb>ita tractantur à primo philoſopho, quà communia ſunt. </s> <s>at tum principia ſunt entis, quatenus eſt <lb></lb>ens: <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non probantur, quà cęterarum ſcientiarum principia ſunt, ſed vt principia entis, <lb></lb>c 11. Met. <lb></lb>ſum. 2. c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg428"></margin.target>d 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg429"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg430"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg431"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg432"></margin.target>f 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg433"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg434"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg435"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg436"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg437"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg438"></margin.target>a 4. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg439"></margin.target>b 1. Elen. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne ſubalternationis affinitas inter phyſicen & primam philoſophiam. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg440"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg440"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI Phyſicus perſonam dialectici ſuſtinet, dum inuehitur in eos qui tollunt motum & moueri, <lb></lb>complura accipit à ſenſu; facilè coniicere poſſumus inter phyſicen & alias ſcientias, nullam <lb></lb>affinitatem ſubalternationis intercedere; ſiue ea ſola conditio requiratur, vt nos opinamur, ſiue <lb></lb>etiam aliæ nonnullæ quas alij philoſophi ponunt, quanquam Ariſtoteles omnem rem ſub dubio <lb></lb>reliquit, cùm indefinitè pronuntiauit, vbi principia negentur, officium ea probandi, aut eſſe alte<lb></lb>rius, hoc eſt, ſubalternantis, aut omnium communis: communis autem eſſe poterat tùm dialecti<lb></lb>ca, tum etiam prima philoſophia, quòd ſi dialecticen ſignificare voluiſſet Ariſtoteles, iam prima <lb></lb>philoſophia quæ in principiorum probatione verſatur, ad alterum membrum reiicienda foret, & <lb></lb>eſſet ſubalternans. </s> <s>Nec minores difficultates affert natura ſubalternantium quam in philoſophia <lb></lb>Peripatetica non niſi coniectura aſſequi licet. </s> <s>Itaque non ab re mihi facturum videor, ſi rem <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <lb></lb>accuratius exquiram. </s> <s>Igitur de conditione ſubalternarum tot propè ſententias celebres obſeruo, <lb></lb>vulgarem vnam quæ ab antiquis accepta fuit: iuniorum duas. </s> <s>Paſsim defendi ſolet hæc <expan abbr="triã">triam</expan> con<lb></lb>ſtituere ſubalternam, ſi ſubiectum inferioris in ſuperioris ſubiecto contineatur. </s> <s>Cùm verò ſub<lb></lb>iectum accipio, vel totum intelligo, quod ex duabus partibus conſtat, altera, vt materia nimirum <arrow.to.target n="marg441"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re tractanda, altera, vt forma, nempè conſiderandi ratione quę vtraque ſi in ſubalternante & ſub<lb></lb>alterna ſeruentur vt mihi in phyſica & medicína videtur, efficiunt <expan abbr="ſubalternationẽ">ſubalternationem</expan> numeris om<lb></lb>nibus abſolutam, vel alteram ex his partibus ſeorſum, vt ſiqua res naturalis mathematicè ſpecte<lb></lb>tur, ſiue aliqua res mathematica naturaliter; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vnde inferior <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> gradus ſubalternationis exo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg442"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ritur. </s> <s>Deinde vt inferioris ſubiecto accidentaria quædam conditio ſuperueniat, vt lineæ videri <lb></lb>poſſe. </s> <s>Poſtremò vt inferioris principia petantur à ſuperiore. </s> <s>Sed reuoluenti complures facultates <lb></lb>quæ ſine controuerſia numerantur in ſubalternis, aut non omnes his legibus adſtringi videntur, <lb></lb>aut non ita ſimpliciter accipientiæ, aut non prime. </s> <s>Nanque opponam Aſtrologiam quæ ſubalter<lb></lb>na eſt, Aſtronomiæ. </s> <s>Siquidem vbi vna accipiat quòd res eſt, altera doceat cur ita ſit, iam ratio ſub<lb></lb>alternationis intercedit. </s> <s>Atqui Aſtrologia petit ab Aſtronomia rationes motuum; quapropter <lb></lb>eſt ſubalterna. </s> <s>Neque tamen ſubiectum eſt pars. </s> <s>etenim in vtraque cęlum obſeruatur, aut vniuer<lb></lb>ſum. </s> <s>Præterea quòd accidens alterius ſubiecto accedat non licet abſolutè defendere: quandò ex <lb></lb>ſubiecto & eo quod adiicitur veluti forma, fit vnum per ſe, quod eſt abſolutè ſubiectum ex ge<lb></lb>mina parte conſtitutum ex materia nimirum, & ratione conſiderandi. </s> <s>Sed ſubiectum per ſe eſt <lb></lb>vnum, idem eſt methodi finis, quippe cuius gratia cętera conſiderantur, & ad quod referuntur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg443"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod accidens eſſe non poteſt. </s> <s>Tertiò non neceſſarium, quòd omnia principia ſubalternæ reſol<lb></lb>uantur in alia ſuperiora principia. </s> <s>proptereà quòd ſunt ea principia, vel complexa, vel incom<lb></lb>plexa. </s> <s>atque incomplexa quidem à nullo demonſtrantur, & eadem ſunt in ſubalterna & ſubal<lb></lb>ternante, vt linea, quadratum & huiuſmodi. </s> <s>quòd ſi complexa fuerint, non videtur negare Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> fieri poſſe, vt ex eiſdem principi aliquid demonſtretur in ſubalterna quod demonſtra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg444"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum fuit in <expan abbr="ſubalternãte">ſubalternante</expan>. </s> <s>ita enim ſcripſit Ariſtoteles, <foreign lang="grc">ἀλλ' ἐξ ὧν ή δεικνυτ αί τὶ περὶ ῶν ήγεωμε<lb></lb>τρια ἔστιν, ἤ ἃ ἐκ τῶν ἀυτῶν δεικνυται τῇ γεωμετρια, ώσπέρ τὰ ὀπτικὰ</foreign>. </s> <s>hęc enim interrogatio <lb></lb>geometrica eſt, “quæ eſt ex iis principiis ex quibus aliquid oſtenditur, quod ad geometriam perti<lb></lb>net, aut illa quæ ex eiſdem, ex quibus aliquid in geometria demonſtratur. </s> <s>cuiuſmodi ſunt optica <lb></lb>quaſi eadem accipiantur ad probandum geometrica & optica theoremata.” Quocirca viri præ<lb></lb>ſtantiſsimi veterum via relicta non multis, ſed vna tantum lege contenti fuerunt. </s> <s>ex iis enim ali<lb></lb>qui ex ſolo tranſitu de genere in genus & ſubalternationem effici voluerunt. </s> <s>tametſi iam tribus <lb></lb>modis fieri cenſuêre. </s> <s>Vel, quia <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> transferatur; ea verò transfertur, vel vbi maior vnius <lb></lb>demonſtrationis propoſitio ſumatur in duabus ſcientijs. </s> <s>vel <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> vnius ab alia probetur. <pb pagenum="47"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg445"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut ſi adiiciatur aliqua conditio ſubiecto ſuperioris. </s> <s>Ita vt non omnia hæc in ſubalternatione <lb></lb>requirantur, ſed vbi vna ex his conditionibus adſit, continuò ſubalterna exiſtat. </s> <s>Illud optimè, ſi <lb></lb>vna conditio ſit ſatis ne plures inculcentur. </s> <s>fruſtra enim multa afferuntur, ſi vnum ſit ſatis. </s> <s>Nec <lb></lb>improbandum eſt, non omnes ſimul requiri, cùm difficile ſit in vniuerſis quas ſubalternas dici<lb></lb>mus, omnes has leges ſimul obſeruari. </s> <s>Cæterùm mihi videtur Ariſtoteles vnicam tantummodò <lb></lb>formulam tranſitus indicaſſe, videlicet, vbi eiuſdem effectus, aut principij altera tradat quòd eſt, <lb></lb>altera verò cur ſit. </s> <s>Adde quòd ſi phyſicus oſtendit eſſe ſubſtantias à materia liberas, ſiue ſint ſub<lb></lb>iectum primæ philoſophiæ, ſiue etiam principia, nil enim refert, immò magis idem efficietur. </s> <s>ſi <lb></lb>principia fuerint, quo principia ſubiecto priora ſunt. </s> <s>prima philoſophia phyſicæ ſubalterna erit: <lb></lb>quod nefas eſt. </s> <s>& quanquàm ſuprà negatum eſt ſubiectum poſſe probari; at id ipſi non <expan abbr="viderãt">viderant</expan>; <lb></lb>nec probationum genera diſtinguebant à viis in illa hypotheſi. </s> <s>Quod ſi fortè probationem ex <lb></lb>cauſsis accipi velint, nulla ex iis tribus ſcientiis, prima, ſcilicet philoſophia, naturali & mathema<lb></lb>tica, ſubalternæ locum occupabit, quod mihi ſat eſt, illuc enim tendo, vt nullam ex his alteri ſub<lb></lb>alternam eſſe doceam. </s> <s>quippe quòd ſingulæ ex his ſcientiis ſuas cauſſas impetrarint. </s> <s>atque illas <lb></lb>quidem abſolutè, vt nulla alterius auxilium imploret, quantum ad illud ſpectat, quòd rationem <lb></lb>ſui ſubiecti reddere valeat. </s> <s>Si verò continuum opponas, quod cum mathematicò ſubiiciatur, à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg446"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>phyſico tractatur accuratiſsimè; reſpondebo continuum vtriuſque ſcientiæ proprium eſſe & ab <lb></lb>vtroque vt ſui ipſius proprium eſt explicari, neque enim reddit rationem phyſicus eius quanti <lb></lb>quod eſt ſeparatum à materia ſenſili, cuiuſmodi accipitur à mathematico: ſed reddit rationem <lb></lb>phyſicus eorum quæ inſunt in corpore cęleſti quod ab Aſtronomo ſpectatur, quia vtrobique cę<lb></lb>lum cum accidentibus ſenſilibus accipitur, & eorum quæ conſiderat medicus, quandò vtrique in <lb></lb>ſenſilium tractatione occupantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo mathematicus eorum reddit cauſſam quæ <lb></lb>docet opticus. </s> <s>ſiquidem vtrique lineam mathematicam explorant. </s> <s>Quòd ſi has tres principes <lb></lb>ſcientias exceperis, difficilè eſt negare id eſſe commune omnibus ſubalternis. </s> <s>omnes enim <expan abbr="tractãt">tractant</expan> <lb></lb>res ſenſiles, aut mathematicas, aut etiam primæ philoſophiæ, quarum principia ſimpliciter à pri<lb></lb>mis illis ſcientiis exponuntur. </s> <s>Neque mihi ſingulare videtur, immò commune, ſubiecto ſubalter<lb></lb>nantis addi aliquam conditionem in ſubalterna; ſed hoc neceſſarium eſt, mea quidem ſententia: <lb></lb>ſiquidem res ſimpliciter à tribus illis ſcientiis tractantur, à cęteris cum aliqua conditione, ſiue ea <lb></lb>ſit conditio contrahens ſubiectum ſuperioris ad pauciora ſubiecta, ſiue etiam ſit modus quo non <lb></lb>res ipſa, ſed rei notio reſtringitur. </s> <s>Attulerunt & vnicam alij conditionem, nimirum, ſi altera rem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg447"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter tractet, altera verò cum habitudine ad opus, aut actionem. </s> <s>vt geometer lineam ſimpli<lb></lb>citer: faber autem ferrarius lineam inferro cuiuſdam vſus gratia. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam cùm ille ſcientiæ quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg448"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſiderant res ſimpliciter, habeant cauſſas ſui ſubiecti; reliquæ verò tractent ſenſilia ſolum, & <lb></lb>per ea cognoſcant, <expan abbr="ſuarumq́">ſuarumque</expan>. </s> <s>rationum principia ab illis accipiant; ex hoc efficitur, vt ſiquando <lb></lb>cauſſas euentorum ſuorum perquirere velint, ad illas confugiant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>artes & facultates om<lb></lb>nes erunt ſubalternæ: tres verò ſcientiæ ſubalternantes. </s> <s>Et planè nulla ex his tribus ſcientiis ad <lb></lb>alteram confugit, vt cauſſas petat ſuorum theorematum, aut principiorum; ſed omnes ęquè pro<lb></lb>cedunt ex primis & maximè notis. </s> <s>Equidem obſtruo id perpetuò apud Ariſtotelem, ſicuti men<lb></lb>tionem facit de ſubalternis artis exempla in medio ponere, & ex ingenio ſubalternarum conclu<lb></lb>di artes eſſe ex eo numero, quòd vbi vna doceat quòd eſt altera cur ſit, ea quę docet eſſe rem, ſub<lb></lb>alterna eſt. </s> <s>Sed artes docent eſſe rem, cauſſas primas aſsignare non poſſunt. </s> <s>Ergo artes ſunt ſub<lb></lb>alternæ. </s> <s>At verò illud dubito, ſit'ne hæc cauſſa proxima & vt dici conſueuit, ratio formalis ſub<lb></lb>alternationis eſſe artem, ſeu ſpectare aliquid cum conditione, præſertim quòd id nunquàm non<lb></lb>modo expreſſum; ſed ne indicatum quidem fuerit ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Quamobrem ego puto aliam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg449"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primam ſubalternationis cauſſam & rationem afferri poſſe, atque illam quidem à pręceptore no<lb></lb>ſtro ſignificatam. </s> <s>Siquando vna rem eſſe per ſenſilia doceret, altera verò cur eſſet. </s> <s>perſuadeor au<lb></lb>tem ad id credendum hoc argumento. </s> <s>Nanque illa eſt ratio rei cuiuſpiam quæ ſimiles differen<lb></lb>tias illi communicat: Sed differentias ſubalternantibus & ſubalternis communicant differentiæ <lb></lb>eius, quòd eſt & cur eſt. </s> <s>Ergo ratio ſubalternarum & ſubalternantium eſt, quòd ſit res & cur ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Propoſitio fidem ex eo ſumit. </s> <s>quia ſimilis differentia in cauſſa ſimilem differentiam creat in effe<lb></lb>ctu. </s> <s>Aſſumptio ſumitur ex Ariſtotele. </s> <s>cùm docet ex eo ſubalternas eſſe ſimpliciter, vel quodam<lb></lb>modo. </s> <s>quòd vna doceat cur hoc ſit ſimpliciter, ideſt reddat cauſſas maioris partis eorum quæ ac<lb></lb>cipiuntur in ſubalterna, vt apparet in phyſica & medicina; altera doceat aliqua ex parte, vt geo<lb></lb>metria, quòd vulnera rotunda tardius curentur. </s> <s>Ex hoc ea neceſſariò naſcuntur. </s> <s>quòd ſubalter<lb></lb>nans tradat cauſſas eorum quæ ſubalternæ ſupponuntur. </s> <s>quòd fiat tranſitus de genere in genus, <lb></lb>dum ea quæ à ſubalternante oſtenſa ſunt, ad illa probanda transferuntur quæ in ſubalterna du<lb></lb>bitantur. </s> <s>Cætera quæ tribuuntur ſubalternis, nil prohibet, opinor, eſſe per accidens, & aliun<lb></lb>de peti quàm à ratione ſubalternationis. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis ad propoſitum deſcendamus, & <lb></lb>doceamus ſit'ne phyſica ſubalterna primæ philoſophiæ. </s> <s>Qui conditionis à Latinis impoſitas <pb pagenum="48"></pb>ſubalternis accipiunt, facilè negare poſſent omnes eas conditiones in phyſica reperiri. </s> <s>Conſimili <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg450"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratione qui defendunt rationem ſubalternæ poſitam eſſe in eo quòd vna rem ſimpliciter tractet, <lb></lb>altera cum habitudine ad opus & actionem; quia dicerent tres eſſe <expan abbr="ſcientias̃">ſcientiam</expan> contemplantes inter <lb></lb>ſe diſtinctas; quippe quæ proprium genus habeant & ex propriis ſuis ipſarum principiis quoque <lb></lb>procedant. </s> <s>Atqui non deſunt rationes quæ affinitatem ſubalternationis inter vtraſque interce<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg451"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dere perſuadeant. </s> <s>Primum. </s> <s>Quoniam vbi fit tranſitus de genere in genus ibi adeſt ſubalterna<lb></lb>tionis affinitas. </s> <s>Sed fit tranſitus à prima philoſophia ad phyſicen. </s> <s>Et gradus igitur ſubalternatio<lb></lb>nis extat in phyſica & prima philoſophia. </s> <s>Nam tum fit tranſitus, vbi propoſitio ſuperioris ſcien<lb></lb>tiæ re ſumatur in inferiore. </s> <s>id verò in phyſicis euenit. </s> <s>Siquidem Ariſtoteles primo de cœlo pro<lb></lb>baturus æternum fieri non poſſe quod caducum eſt. </s> <s>ita conſtruit argumentationem. </s> <s>Non poteſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg452"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idem ſimul eſſe & non eſſe. </s> <s>Nullum igitur mortale perpetuum effici poteſt. </s> <s>Attamen antecedens <lb></lb>accipitur à primo philoſopho. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Rurſus docet Ariſtoteles nullam ſcientiam excepta prima phi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg453"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loſophia, quærere poſsit, ſit'ne ſuum ſubiectum. </s> <s>quia non poteſt mentionem facere ſimpliciter <lb></lb>de ipſo quid eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Soli autem primo philoſopho id præſtare licet. </s> <s>Et ſolus igitur ſuppeditabit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg454"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg455"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principia reliquis, & ſubiectum & quid eſt ipſius. </s> <s>Vltimò Ariſtoteles oſtendit primam philoſo<lb></lb>phiam ſpectare ſumma principia & cauſſas potiſsimas. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ergo etiam erit maximè ſcientia, & po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg456"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg457"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terit reddere rationem principiorum quæ in aliis ſcientiis aſſumuntur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ex his conuinci<lb></lb>tur gradus & affinitas ſubalternationis, profectò prima philoſophia ſubalternans erit, phyſica <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg458"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubalterna. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò ſi noſtra ſententia defendi poteſt, vt opinamur, eam ſcilicet eſſe ra<lb></lb>tionem ſubalternationis, cum altera docet, cur ſit id quod altera eſſe nouit, prima illa ratio nihil <lb></lb>officeret. </s> <s>Neque enim propoſitiones iſtæ communiſsimæ rationem cauſſæ continent, ſed notifi<lb></lb>cationis duntaxat. </s> <s>Sed vt cęteris qui de ſubalternarum conditionibus aliter ſentiunt, opem fera<lb></lb>mus; nullam eſſe vim dicimus eius quod opponitur. </s> <s>Neque enim ille tranſitus eſſet, ſed aſſum<lb></lb>ptio principij communiſsimi ſecundum analogiam, vt noſti ex Analyticis. </s> <s>hoc enim commune. <lb></lb></s> <s>De quolibet verum eſſe aſſerere, aut negare, dum confertur in demonſtrationem, non accipitur <lb></lb>vt ſeruat ſuam communitatem, ſed quantum opus eſt ſolùm, & pro ratione materiæ ſubiectæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vt verò cętera tolli queant, monebimus antè geminum ordinem in ſcientiis obſeruari, alterum <lb></lb>quidem naturæ, atque alterum mentis. </s> <s>Ordo quidem naturæ multiplex eſt, de quo nos aliquid <lb></lb>poſtea. </s> <s>Sed intereà quantum ſpectat ad rem noſtram, vbi de ſcientiarum gradibus agimus, qua<lb></lb>tenus mutuas ſibi operas præſtant in fide facienda duplex eſt, alter qui à finis natura deducitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg459"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>atque alter qui pendet ex ordine materiæ ſubiectæ. </s> <s>à finis autem natura deducitur ordo earum <lb></lb>quæ ita ſe habent, vt miniſtræ ad Architectonicas, vt vocat Ariſtoteles, ſint vt Plato <foreign lang="grc">ἡγεμονικὰς</foreign>, <lb></lb>ideſt, præcipuas & duces. </s> <s>ab ordine ſubiectæ materiæ ſumitur earum ordo quarum vna eſt <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ὑπὰλληλος</foreign>, ideſt ſubalterna, altera ſubalternans. </s> <s>Ordo mentis in eo poſitus eſt, vt vna quoddam <lb></lb>ſimplex conſideret, altera illi aliquid adiiciat. </s> <s>vtputa mathematica ſpectat quantum ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>at phyſica quantum in materia. </s> <s>In hoc ſanè ordine <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quicquid in ſimpliciore abſurdum eſt, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg460"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per naturalia pertinet: non autem contrà. </s> <s>Sed hoc ordine dimiſſo ad cuius plenam <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> <lb></lb>multa ſubiicere oportebit, de ordine naturæ diſſeramus. </s> <s>Et ſanè magnum diſcrimen inter Archi<lb></lb>tectonicas & ſubalternantes intercedit. </s> <s>Quandò ſubalternans præbet cauſſas & principia. </s> <s>nec vn<lb></lb>quam in oculis eſt ſubalternæ, niſi aliquod è ſuis principiis ex ipſius manibus eripiatur. </s> <s>Archite<lb></lb>ctonicæ non eſt cauſſas afferre principiorum. </s> <s>Neque enim neceſſe eſt miniſtras ex iis procedere <lb></lb>perpetuò, quæ demonſtrari poſsint; ſed poteſt habere ſua principia prorſus prima. </s> <s>& hęc ſimpli<lb></lb>citer ſcire poteſt, ſubalterna non item. </s> <s>ſiquidem ſciamus, cùm habemus demonſtrationem. </s> <s>hæc <lb></lb>verò ex primis eſt. </s> <s>atqui rerum naturalium prima quædam principia ſunt quæ nouit phyſicus, & <lb></lb>mathematicus habet ſua principia quæ in alia ſuperiora neutiquam reſolui queunt. </s> <s>Rurſus ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg461"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alternans ea conſiderat quæ ſunt natura priora; non item Architectonicus. </s> <s>Neque enim ens, <lb></lb>quod à primo philoſopho conſideratur, quem facimus Architectonicum, natura prius eſt, quàm <lb></lb>ens naturale, ſed ſi prius, ratione ſola prius eſt. </s> <s>Docet Architectonicus quid tractandum & qua<lb></lb>tenus, quo ordine & via diſponendum: <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nihil de his ſubalternans. </s> <s>& ſemper in oculis geritur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg462"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Architecton. </s> <s>Nam miniſtræ quicquid agunt, ſic agunt, vt ad eum finem perueniant. </s> <s>Architecton <lb></lb>autem quia conſiderat finem (ab eius autem ingenio naſcitur, vt cęteris ſua cuiuſque officia præ<lb></lb>ſcribantur) ſingula pro ſui finis adeptione diſponit. </s> <s>Subalternans mea quidem ſententia, cùm <lb></lb>doceat cur ſit & rem ſimpliciter animaduertat, eſt contemplator. </s> <s>Architecton item numeratur <lb></lb>in artificibus. </s> <s>Nunc dicimus inter primam philoſophiam & reliquas ſcientias exiſtere ordinem <lb></lb>Architectonicę & miniſtræ, non autem ſubalternantis & ſubalternæ. </s> <s>Cùm enim conſideret ens <lb></lb>ſub communi notione entis, ſit verò ſeparatum vel re ipſa vt mentes beatiſsimæ, vel ſecundum <lb></lb>rationem, quod dici ſolet per indifferentiam. </s> <s>finis verò intelligentiæ noſtræ ſint beatiſsimæ men<lb></lb>tes, omnia docendo huc dirigere oportet, vt earum notitiam aſſequi poſsimus. </s> <s>Itaque mathema<lb></lb>tici nos aſſue faciunt abſtractioni, cuius beneficio, iam aliquid de ingenio rerum verè <expan abbr="ſeparatarũ">ſeparatarum</expan> <pb pagenum="49"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg463"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à materia cogitare incipimus. </s> <s>& phyſicus auxilio motus, tanquam rei notiſsimę, nos eò perducit, <lb></lb>vt tale entium genus eſſe noſcamus. </s> <s>Idcirco prima philoſophia <foreign lang="grc">μετὰ τὰ φυσικὰ</foreign>, ideſt, poſt na<lb></lb>turalia nuncupatur. </s> <s>Cùm ſpectet <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> prima philoſophia <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ens, & eius ſpecies, quatenus <lb></lb>entia ſunt è quibus ſunt corpus mobile & quantum ſingulis exhibet ſua ſubiecta. </s> <s>eadem quoque <lb></lb>propter vniuerſalem illam <expan abbr="conſiderationẽ">conſiderationem</expan> tractat ſimpliciter ipſum quid eſt & id quod ſuiipſius <lb></lb>eſt, & id quod <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> cęteris, prout etiam nouit partes entis, quæ reliquis ſcientiis ſupponuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quia nouit partes entis & quæ <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> definitio <expan abbr="accõmodetur">accommodetur</expan>, docet modum tractandi & definien<lb></lb>di, & quanquàm ſcientiam ſuis cancellis circunſcribit. </s> <s>Cùm etiam proprium <expan abbr="cuiusq́">cuiusque</expan>. </s> <s>methodi ſit <lb></lb>tractare certum ſubiectum, partes eius, affectiones, & principia, ius habet in principia <expan abbr="cõmuniſsi-ma">communiſsi<lb></lb>ma</expan>, & in ea quæ ſumuntur in reliquis methodis: attamen <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſic illa exponit, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> cauſſas red<lb></lb>dat. </s> <s>ſunt enim vbique prima, nec vllo modo obnoxia demonſtrationi: vt potius in prima philo<lb></lb>ſophia prima <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> rationem, quàm <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> rem habenda ſint, nec ipſa ſub certa ratione <expan abbr="cõ-cipit">con<lb></lb>cipit</expan> (ſic enim cuiuſque ſcientię propria forent) ſed <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> tractat, vt principia entis. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>non verè ſubalternans, ſed Architecton optimo iure perhibetur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> tractet quid eſt, & <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> <lb></lb>cogitationis ſit noſſe quid eſt & quòd ſit. </s> <s>videbitur alicui pręſtare cęteris quòd <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> ſubiecta de<lb></lb>monſtrare poſsit. </s> <s>At verò neque id efficere poteſt (vt falsò <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> exiſtimarunt) <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> definitio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg464"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nullo pacto demonſtrationi ſubiiciatur, ſed alio modo <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> fit eſſe <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, in vnaquaque ſcien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg465"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia, atque <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in prima philoſophia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> ex hoc apparet fallacia ſecundę rationis. </s> <s>Ad vlti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg466"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mã">mam</expan> quoque ſic reſpondemus, eam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reddere cauſſas <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> quæ in reliquis ſcientiis aſſumi <lb></lb>ſolent, quod in ſubalternante requiritur: ſed perſuadere principia entis <expan abbr="cõmuniſsimi">communiſsimi</expan> quę ſi prin<lb></lb>cipia fuerint <expan abbr="reliquarũ">reliquarum</expan> <expan abbr="methodorũ">methodorum</expan>, hoc eſt per accidens. </s> <s>cùm cęteroquin in ſubalternante princi<lb></lb>pia ſubalternę probentur. </s> <s>Neque Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> ſcientiam eſſe voluit quæ <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> principia <lb></lb>confirmaret, qualem nonnulli <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> philoſophiam eſſe autumant: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed ex hypotheſi loquitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg467"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& indefinitè ſcientiam ſummam accipit, qualis eſſe poſſet ſubalternans: aut ſi ſumma principia <lb></lb>perquirit, non ex hoc efficitur eam eſſe <expan abbr="ſubalternantẽ">ſubalternantem</expan>, ſed architectonicam. </s> <s>& hanc dicimus eſſe <lb></lb>primam philoſophiam quæ ob tale ſummum ius, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſcientia propriè, ſed ſapientia vocatur. </s> <s>Hoc <lb></lb>loco memini mihi opponi. </s> <s>Principia entis per ſe ſunt, nulli accidunt; eius verò, quod non accidit, <lb></lb>conſideratio per accidens eſſe non poteſt. </s> <s>Itaque nec <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> principia à primo philoſopho per ac<lb></lb>cidens ſpectari poterunt. </s> <s>Reſponſum eſt in ſcientia quaque duo contineri, rem quę conſideratur <lb></lb>& modum, ſeu <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> conſiderandi: igitur, etſi non accidunt, vt res illa principia <expan abbr="reliquarũ">reliquarum</expan> ſcien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg468"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiarum principiis: at continent accidens propter <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> conſiderandi; non enim oſtenduntur vt <lb></lb>principia corporis mobilis, ſed vt entis quatenus ens. </s> <s>Porrò <expan abbr="architectonicarũ">architectonicarum</expan> varij ſunt gradus & <lb></lb>inter methodos <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> finis eſt contemplari, & inter facultates quarum munus eſt agere, & inter <lb></lb>artes <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> officium eſt efficere. </s> <s>prout <expan abbr="miniſtrarũ">miniſtrarum</expan> varia ſunt officia, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiam faciunt ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel <expan abbr="accõmodatam">accommodatam</expan> ad opus inter artes. </s> <s>Inter eas verò quæ practicæ ſunt, & à fine politi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg469"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cæ nuncupantur, eas actiones præſtant, ſine quibus cæteræ non conſiſtunt, vt ſine pace conſerua<lb></lb>tio legum. </s> <s>itaque <expan abbr="bellũ">bellum</expan> gerimus, quia ſine hoc pax non exiſtit & pacem volumus, vt leges conſer<lb></lb>uentur. </s> <s>conſimili ratione inter <expan abbr="cõtẽplantes">contemplantes</expan> illæ ſunt miniſtræ <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <expan abbr="contẽplationes">contemplationes</expan> alij ſunt vſui, <lb></lb>vt ſine his illa ſuas exhibere non poſsit. </s> <s>Miniſtra igitur phyſica & in ordine doctrinę <expan abbr="præponẽda">præponenda</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg441"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg442"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg443"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg444"></margin.target>d 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg445"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg446"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg447"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg448"></margin.target>a 1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg449"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg450"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg451"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg452"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg453"></margin.target>a. 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg454"></margin.target>b 5. 11. Me.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg455"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg456"></margin.target>c 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg457"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg458"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg459"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg460"></margin.target>d 3. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg461"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg462"></margin.target>e 1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg463"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg464"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg465"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg466"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg467"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg468"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg469"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Animi habituum præſtantia generatim perpenditur, & contemplans actuoſæ pręponitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOC, quod à nobis in pręſentia veſtigandum eſt, altius aliquantò repetetur, propter <expan abbr="frequẽ-tem">frequen<lb></lb>tem</expan> eorum vſum quæ ad <expan abbr="explicationẽ">explicationem</expan> propoſiti ſolent aſſumi in vniuerſa philoſophia Pe<lb></lb>ripatetica, <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> verò <expan abbr="aptũ">aptum</expan> <expan abbr="exordiũ">exordium</expan> fuerit, ſi res ipſas in ſuas partes diſtribuamus, quatenus <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg470"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſpiciunt. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> omnis perceptio fiat, propter <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan>, <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> quæ inter res intelligendas & <expan abbr="intelligentẽ">intelligentem</expan> <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> intercedit (talis eſt actus pote <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſtatisq́">ſtatisque</expan>. </s> <s>conditio <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alterum intelligenda imitantur, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> verò mens, quæ intelligere poteſt) <lb></lb>ergo quot erunt differentiæ <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="intelligendarũ">intelligendarum</expan>, tot quoque <expan abbr="intelligentiũ">intelligentium</expan> <expan abbr="facultatũ">facultatum</expan> <expan abbr="differẽtię">differentię</expan> ſint, <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Et quanquàm res aut ſenſu, aut mente cognoſcuntur, omiſsis ſenſilibus quę <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> me<lb></lb>thodi ſtudium poſtulant, de intelligendis agamus. </s> <s>Hæc ſanè aut neceſſaria ſunt, & habent princi<lb></lb>pia quæ aliter ſe habere non contingit, aut variari poſſunt. </s> <s>ex quo efficitur, vt etiam intelligentis <lb></lb>animæ facultas ſit duplex, altera quæ in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> neceſſariarum <expan abbr="intelligẽtia">intelligentia</expan> verſatur, atque altera quę <lb></lb>mutabilia concipit. </s> <s>de poſtremis hiſce exiſtit opinio. </s> <s>Cęterùm ea quæ aliter eueniunt, aut conſide<lb></lb>rantur vt talem habent naturam, aut quo pacto pertinent ad nos & in noſtra manu ſunt. </s> <s>prior il<lb></lb>la animaduerſio ſoli opinioni relinquitur, <expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>iis nulla, neque ſcientia, neque ars exiſtit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg471"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſteriorum aliquæ ſub effectionem cadunt, ideſt, relinquunt ex operatione opus aliquod perma<lb></lb>nens, vt ædificium & nauem quæ Græci <foreign lang="grc">ποιητὰ</foreign> vocant, aliquæ actionem ſolam continent, <lb></lb>nihil ex actione ſuperſtes habent, hæc Græci <foreign lang="grc">πρακτὰ</foreign> dicunt. </s> <s>quorum item duo genera ſunt, vel <lb></lb>enim à conſilio pendent, & attenditur <foreign lang="grc">προαιρεσῖς</foreign>, vnde boni maliúe iudicamur, vel nulla conſi <pb pagenum="50"></pb>lij ratio habetur, ſed finis qui voluptas eſt. </s> <s>in his, cùm agendi ratio ſolo opere excepto ſit eadem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg472"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>atque in aliis quę opus relinquunt, neque enim deliberant quid ex quo agendum, ſed hoc ex hoc <lb></lb>efficiunt neceſſariò, ſi finem conſequi volunt, & ab illis non conſilium ſolum, ſed actio deſidera<lb></lb>tur; ad eam mentis partem hæc relegantur quæ tractat illa quorum finis eſt opus. </s> <s>aliæ practicæ <lb></lb>nuncupantur. </s> <s>Itaque tres habitus mentis exiſtunt, vnus practicus, alter artificioſus. </s> <s>poſtremus <lb></lb>contemplans qui ſi principiorum eſt aut ea ſolum concipit & eſt propriè mens, aut illa contem<lb></lb>platur & euoluit, & ſic eſt ſapientia. </s> <s>aut contemplatur concluſiones ex principiis, & eſt ſcientia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mens propriè vtriuſque principium eſt & pari cum illis gradu procedit, vt ſcientiæ <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ad <lb></lb>ſcientiam referatur, & principium ſapientiæ ad ſapientiam, quandò principiorum <expan abbr="cõſideratio">conſideratio</expan> ad <lb></lb>eandem pertinet methodum cuius principia ſunt. </s> <s>quare etiam dimiſſamente quæ eſt comprehen<lb></lb>ſio pura principiorum, de ſapientia <expan abbr="ſcientiaq́">ſcientiaque</expan>. </s> <s>diſputemus quas item, quòd in conſtitutione me<lb></lb>thodi ſimiles ſunt, vtraſque communibus regulis metiemur. </s> <s>Porrò <expan abbr="cõtemplari">contemplari</expan> nil aliud eſt quàm <lb></lb>rerum eſſentias explorare, cauſſas perquirere & veritatem propter ſe <expan abbr="expetẽdam">expetendam</expan>, per ſe & liberè, <lb></lb>non ad alterius vſum inuenire. </s> <s>Tametſi genus hoc cognitionis omnes omnium <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturas per<lb></lb>uagatur. </s> <s>ſiquidem omnia per ſeipſa, aut quàm ad vſum <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> applicentur, <expan abbr="cõtemplationi">contemplationi</expan> ſubii<lb></lb>ciantur. </s> <s>& prius hoc in contemplationem cecidiſſe oportet, quàm nos moueat ad agendum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg473"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg474"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& caduca & contingentia ſubiacent contemplationi, <expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>illis philoſophia exiſtet, quia ſic etiam <lb></lb>neceſsitatem quandam præſeferunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tamen cùm ea quę contemplati ſumus, ad vſum <expan abbr="traducẽda">traducenda</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg475"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, philoſophia ſeſe tenet in ijs quæ agi poſſunt <expan abbr="faciẽda">facienda</expan> <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> vilia reſpuit, nec libero homine <lb></lb>digna. </s> <s>Quocirca animi perfectio, non ſine optima cauſſa philoſophia perhibetur. </s> <s>Nam tùm res <lb></lb>perfecta exiſtimatur, vbi ſit idonea fungi munerib. illis ad quæ inſtituta eſt à natura velut equus, <lb></lb>cum à domitore factus idoneus eſt ad vehendum placidè ſeſſorem, & ad currendum, aut certan<lb></lb>dum & domus, ſi commodè inhabitari queat. </s> <s>huius enim rei gratia exædificata eſt. </s> <s>ſic homo per<lb></lb>fectus eſt, poſtquàm ea præſtare poteſt quæ hominis propria ſunt & quorum gratia producitur à <lb></lb>natura. </s> <s>Atqui duo ſunt in homine principia, mens & appetitus. </s> <s>atque hic quidem homini datus <lb></lb>eſt, vt bona perſequatur, mala declinet: illa verò vt <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturas percipiat, & agenda fugiendaúe <lb></lb>præſcribat. </s> <s>Hominis ergo perfectio poſita erit in eo, vt bona perſequi, mala autem vitare conſue<lb></lb>ſcat, & <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturas optimè ſcrutetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> agendo <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, quòd Græci dixerunt <foreign lang="grc">πραὶττειν</foreign>, <lb></lb>alterum contemplando, quod ijdem appellarunt <foreign lang="grc">θεωρεἴν</foreign>. </s> <s>Hæc officia ſola homine libero digna <lb></lb>reputarunt, & ad ea prærogatiuam philoſophia pertinere voluerunt. </s> <s>ſiquidem ab hiſce duobus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg476"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>officiis extitit duplex philoſophandi genus, alterum quod appellatur practicum, atque alterum, <lb></lb>quod dicitur contemplans, quod per habitus illos pertinet qui ſcientiæ vocantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> igitur hoc <lb></lb>philoſophandi genus, in rerum naturis & eſſentiis explorandis <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> ſit, planum eſt, quòd quot <lb></lb>erunt <expan abbr="eſſentiarũ">eſſentiarum</expan> genera, totidem quoque habitus <expan abbr="contẽplantes">contemplantes</expan>, ſiue ſcientias eſſe oportet. </s> <s>quandò <lb></lb>habitus ex fine & obiecta ſpecie diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>At verò rerum <expan abbr="definiendarũ">definiendarum</expan> & <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> definitio & <lb></lb>quid eſt aſsignatur, aliæ ita cum corpore & materia ſenſili coniunctæ ſunt, vt ſine illis neque con<lb></lb>ſiſtere, neque concipi queant, vt ſimum & ambulare, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> in altero nares, in altero crura conti<lb></lb>nentur. </s> <s>Alię ſunt in materia, vt ſine ipſa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conſeruentur, veruntamen ſine ipſa intelligan<lb></lb>tur, veluti <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> & curuum, quæ ſunt ſemper in ligno & lapide, nihilominus, non ſemper lapidi <lb></lb>lignoúe affiguntur; ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> corpore cogitantur à qualitatibus ſenſilibus abſoluto & citra <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> .i. <lb></lb></s> <s>non includunt <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> agendi & patiendi, <expan abbr="ſoloq́">ſoloque</expan>. </s> <s>interuallo <expan abbr="cõtenta">contenta</expan> ſunt; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cęteræ formę <lb></lb>ſint, aut in certa materia, aut præſeferant <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> agendi & patiendi, vt primę qualitates, aut certè <lb></lb>ratio agendi <expan abbr="patiẽdiq́">patiendique</expan>. </s> <s>ipſis ſupponatur, vt reliquis quæ ex primis qualitatib. oriuntur. </s> <s>Aliæ ſunt, <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> obtinent ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> materia <expan abbr="liberã">liberam</expan>. </s> <s>vt D. O. M. <expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> igitur aliqua ſint quæ principia motus <lb></lb>in ſe contineant, motus verò <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſit natura. </s> <s>ex hoc ſcientia quæ in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="contẽplatione">contemplatione</expan> poni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg477"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, appellatur naturalis, quæ verò tractat res quæ ſine motu <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan> poſſunt, dicitur à certitudine <lb></lb>mathematica, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ea quæ ſine motu concipiuntur in abaco deſcribi & oculis ſubijci poſsint, <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">μαθεῖν</foreign> enim idem valet àc videre; quę conſiderat ea <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> eſſentia vel ratione, vel reipſa ſepara<lb></lb>tur à materia ſenſili, cuiuſmodi ſunt vniuerſalia <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> & natura diuina à <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> gradu prima phi<lb></lb>loſophia, ſeu theologia; ab ordine doctrinæ poſt naturalia vocatur. </s> <s>Eius methodi partes duę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> item ea quæ à materia ſenſili ſeparantur, vel vniuerſalia ſunt quæ idcirco indiffe<lb></lb>rentia dicuntur, vel ab omni concretione materiæ ſecreta, vt Deus. </s> <s>cuius <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan> <expan abbr="perſequẽs">perſequens</expan> <lb></lb>humana mens, & huc omnia <expan abbr="dirigẽs">dirigens</expan> ex illius intelligentiæ præſcripto <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan> diſponit. </s> <s>itaque duas <lb></lb>partes ſuę methodi facit, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæ eſt <foreign lang="grc">παρασκευὴ</foreign> & apparatus qua exponitur, quid ipſi conue<lb></lb>niat, quatenus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> beneficio quę tractantur, habet <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan> in cęteras, atque <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> qua res ipſę <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <lb></lb>explicantur. </s> <s>Mathematicæ multæ ſunt partes. </s> <s>Nam ſicut duplex eſt genus quantitatis, <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="diſcretũ">diſcretum</expan>, & vtrunque vel per ſe <expan abbr="cõſideratur">conſideratur</expan>, vel vt reſpicit aliud, ſic per ſe geometria de conti<lb></lb>nuo diſſerit, arithmetica de diſcreto. </s> <s>In ſenſilibus quantitas diſcreta ab harmonico ſpectatur, con<lb></lb>tinua ab Aſtrologo & optico. </s> <s>multas alias eius partes conſultò dimitto, <expan abbr="cõtentus">contentus</expan> pręcipuis, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> <pb pagenum="51"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg478"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reliquæ nihil ad Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Practicarum finis eſt generatim bonum humanum cuius habitus <lb></lb>prudentia nominatur. </s> <s>eius verò tria ſunt membra ſicut etiam bonum humanum tres <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> ha<lb></lb>bitudines, aut enim habenti ipſi bonum eſt, quod cùm ex aſſuetudine partum ſit <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Gręci <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἔθος, ἠθικὸν</foreign> appellatur, aut eſt bonum familiæ & <foreign lang="grc">τῷ ο̂ικῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>cuius gubernatio dicitur œconomia, <lb></lb>à qua prudentia œconomica denominatur aut eſt bonum reip. </s> <s>cuius gubernatio cùm politia dica<lb></lb>tur à Gręcis etiam facultati & prudentię politicę nomen dedit. </s> <s>Hęc ergo philoſophia ſpectat, quę <lb></lb>in ſeſe rationem continet boni, quod agendo <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, & pulchri quòd contemplando accedit, <lb></lb>nihil infra ipſa reſpiciens, quaſi quicquid infra eſt, ſeruile habendum ſit. </s> <s>Cùm tamen & ſępe de <lb></lb>artibus incidat ſermo, in methodis Ariſtoteleis, aliqua de ipſis vniuersè ſcribere placet quę <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan> <lb></lb>ſcilicet ad pręceptoris noſtri ſententias illuſtrandas. </s> <s>Iam docuimus, vt in artibus illæ quoque re<lb></lb>ponantur quę <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> opus ex operatione relinquunt, quòd non ex conſilio & electione <expan abbr="proficiſcã-tur">proficiſcan<lb></lb>tur</expan>, vt illæ quas practicas propriè dicimus. </s> <s>& quòd imitantur. </s> <s>artes operando, non conſultantes <lb></lb>quid ex quo agendum ſit, & ſi nihil ex operatione relinquunt, non ex eo naſcitur, quia ſint actio<lb></lb>nes animi, ex eorum genere quas immanentes vocant; ſed quòd in ea materia ſe exercent quę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>retinet ſpeciem impreſſam ab artifice, vt lignum retinet ſcamni formam, exempli g. ſoni <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt aër, ſed eius ſpecies ex abſentia ſonantis euaneſcit. </s> <s>ita & motionis ſpecies quæ oritur ex arte <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg479"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſaltandi, manet in ipſa motione, & cum ipſa tantum propagatur. </s> <s>itaque & mens quę in eiuſmodi <lb></lb>verſatur operationibus effectricis non autem practicę nomine digna eſt habita. </s> <s>Nunc eas multi<lb></lb>fariam partiri philoſophi videntur. </s> <s>Primùm quidem ex modo quo finem ſuum <expan abbr="cõſequi">conſequi</expan> poſſunt, <lb></lb>aut enim earum finis eſt in facientis poteſtate poſitus, ita vt nunquàm artifex ſuo fine fruſtretur, <lb></lb>ſi omnia aptè & appoſitè fecerit, vt finem <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan>. </s> <s>Sunt & artes quarum finis non ab artifice, <lb></lb>ſed ab alio pendet, in quibus etiam magnam partem ſolet habere fortuna, has facultatis nomine <lb></lb>notare voluerunt, quia facultas incertum euentum præſeferat, & <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan>. </s> <s>& cùm incertos ſuc<lb></lb>ceſſus habeant, locum dare <expan abbr="cõſultationi">conſultationi</expan> videntur, qua vel ſic vel aliter faciendum eſſe iudicetur, <lb></lb>vt propoſito fine potiantur, (ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reſpiciunt finem, licet ipſum non ſemper aſſequi poſsint) <lb></lb>à <expan abbr="cõiectura">coniectura</expan> coniectrices dictæ ſunt. </s> <s>tales ſunt Dialectica, Oratoria, Medicina, Nautica, Militaris. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde cùm finis in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> poteſtate non ſit, ab iis non ſolet finis, ſed officium deſiderati duntaxat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Secundò diſtribuuntur artes ex modo faciendi. </s> <s>vt quamuis & marmorarius & lutarius & fuſor <lb></lb>ſtatuam faciant, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit idem omnium faciendi modus, artifices ijdem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>Non ſanè dico <lb></lb>eoſdem non eſſe artifices, quòd <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> materiam non tractent: ſed non <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo. </s> <s>Nanque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg480"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idem artifex eſſe poteſt, qui fundendo ſtatuam facit ex auro & plumbo. </s> <s>Itaque notabat Galenus <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ętatis ſuę medicos qui <expan abbr="medicinã">medicinam</expan> ſecarent in <expan abbr="totidẽ">totidem</expan> partes, quot ſunt corporis humani & <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg481"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Romę eſſent ocularij medici, nonnulli auricularij, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id ex artis natura cùm vna ſit <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> medicina: ſed ex <expan abbr="cõmoditate">commoditate</expan> naſcebatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> eam artis <expan abbr="portionẽ">portionem</expan> profiterentur è qua <lb></lb>victum ſibi parare poſſe ſperarent, cęteras negligebant. </s> <s>quòd ſi victui neceſſaria <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſuppeditaſſet <lb></lb>ea portio medicinę, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> euenire ſolebat in Gręcia, aut ſolum vertere cogebantur, aut <lb></lb>alias artis medicę partes exercere. </s> <s>Tertiò vel artes materiam faciunt, vel parant, vel perficiunt id <lb></lb>quod natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> potuit abſoluere, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> miniſtrę ſunt ad quas etiam referri dicimus organicas. <lb></lb></s> <s>faciunt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> figuli, dum lateres ędificatori efficiunt, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> parant fabri qui <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> repurgant. <lb></lb></s> <s>abſoluunt ea quę natura pręſtare non poteſt, vt lanifices; miniſtrant, vel quę faciunt inſtrumenta. <lb></lb></s> <s>vt frenorum fabricatrix equeſtri, vel quę impedimenta remouent, & applicant agentia principia <lb></lb>ad patientia. </s> <s>Quamobrem Medici clamant, Naturas eſſe <expan abbr="morborũ">morborum</expan> curatrices, modicos <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> mini<lb></lb>ſtros. </s> <s>Poſtremò ex fine diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>quòd variis modis ad humanos vſus <expan abbr="accõmodentur">accommodentur</expan>. </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>aut neceſsitatis ergò operantur, aut <expan abbr="cõmodi">commodi</expan>, aut voluptatis. </s> <s>ex hoc ordine ſunt <foreign lang="grc">κοσμητικαὶ</foreign> dictæ, <lb></lb>ideſt ornatrices & fortè <foreign lang="grc">μεμητικαὶ</foreign>, i. </s> <s>imitatrices, vt poëtica. </s> <s>hæ quę in ſolam <expan abbr="voluptatẽ">voluptatem</expan> <expan abbr="collimãt">collimant</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg482"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mea quidem ſententia ſunt omnium abiectiſsimę; quippe quę ſolum illam animi noſtri partem <lb></lb>reſpiciant, quę bruta eſt. </s> <s>quę <expan abbr="cõmodum">commodum</expan> <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> intendunt, cęteris pręferendæ, ſunt enim vt bene ho<lb></lb>mini ſit: atqui multò pręſtantius eſt eſſe bene, quàm eſſe ſimpliciter. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Omnes <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> vniuersè lon<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg483"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>giſsimo tractu practicis & contemplantibus cedunt, & ipſis origine & natura poſteriores, ſunt: <lb></lb>etenim politicæ ſeruiunt cuius vniuerſa officia poſita ſunt in eo quòd ociosè contemplari valea<lb></lb>mus, illę <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> infimæ quę reponuntur in miniſtris, quòd natura cedant, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in aliarum <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan> <expan abbr="in-uẽtæ">in<lb></lb>uentæ</expan> fuerint, & origine poſteriores ſint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> veriſimile eſt, niſi vtens eſſet, <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> fore <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> inſtru<lb></lb>menti, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt niſi fuerit qui colat domum, fruſtra futura ſit domus. </s> <s>Omnibus his analytica vilior & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg484"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>origine poſterior. </s> <s><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſcientiæ & artes recta ratione vtuntur, illæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="contẽplantes">contemplantes</expan>, hæ verò <lb></lb>efficientes, & practicæ recta ratione agentes, quæ <expan abbr="prudẽtia">prudentia</expan> nominatur. </s> <s>Porrò rectæ rationis regu<lb></lb>las analytica docet: itaque omnibus ancillatur. </s> <s>& prius generatim bonę <expan abbr="artificũ">artificum</expan> operationes exti<lb></lb>terunt quàm regulę traditæ, vt prius aliquis <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <expan abbr="contẽplando">contemplando</expan> concluſit, ex hoc regulę obſeruatę <lb></lb>quibus <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <expan abbr="cõcludi">concludi</expan> poſſet. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Igitur analytica omnibus his & origine & natura poſterior. </s> <s>Sed his <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg485"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omiſsis in quæ nulla dubitatio cadit, ad practicas accedamus & eas <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſpeculantibus <expan abbr="cõparemus">comparemus</expan>. <pb pagenum="52"></pb>Profectò ſi præſtantius eſt imperare, quàm ſeruire <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & imperat ciuilis artes in ciuitate <expan abbr="cõſtituens">conſtituens</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg486"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg487"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ſingulis ciuibus ſua munera præſcribens, necnon illa curans quæ pertinent ad <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan>, in<lb></lb>ſtituens quas ſcientias in ciuitate, & quouſque ciues eas recepturi ſint. </s> <s><expan abbr="prudentisq́">prudentisque</expan>. </s> <s>officium eſt <lb></lb>ſancire & decernere <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quaſcunque ſcientias vir ciuilis admittit in Repub. manifeſtum eſt ciuilem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg488"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omnibus aliis facultatibus & ſcientiis eſſe præponendam. </s> <s>Attamen, ſi vera ſunt Ariſtotelis docu<lb></lb>menta, vt de facultatibus ex functione ſit iudicandum, & de functione ex rebus obiectis, aliter ſen<lb></lb>tire oportet. </s> <s>Nam contemplatio rerum æternarum eſt, formarum & mentium, quæ ab omni <lb></lb>materiæ concretione liberæ ſunt, vnde omnis imperfectio deriuatur, omnia verò per ſeipſa pul<lb></lb>cherrima & honeſtiſsima habentur. </s> <s>Et contemplatio ipſa per ſeſe munus eſt præſtantiſsimum, <lb></lb>cùm ſit bonum continuum. </s> <s>neque enim requirit inſtrumenta corporea, aut parum admodum, <lb></lb>ex quorum vſu defatigatio naſcitur, eadem quoque æterna eſt, cùm reſpiciat obiecta, nulla habi<lb></lb>ta ratione materiæ ſenſilis, vnde omnis mutatio naſci ſolet. </s> <s>& cùm res neceſſarias contemplatio <lb></lb>tractet, miras affert voluptates, nanque in eo poſita eſt voluptas, vt expleatur deſiderium, & ita <lb></lb>ſedetur, vbi fine potitum fuerit, at tùm maximè noſtra mens ſedatur, vbi rem ſic eſſe nouit, vt ali<lb></lb>ter ſe habere non poſsit; id quod ſola contemplatio præſtat, officia verò ciuilis ſemper laborioſa <lb></lb>ſunt, de fine ſemper anxia, quia facilè mutatur; itaque ſemper cogitant, & quid agendum ſit aſsi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg489"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duè conſultant. </s> <s>Contemplatio in ſeipſa ſpem omnem ſui repoſitam habet, auxilia reſpuit, in ſo<lb></lb>litudine exerceri poteſt. </s> <s>Proinde Scipio nunquam ſe minus ſolum quàm cùm ſolus eſſet, eſſe di<lb></lb>cebat. </s> <s>Tùm etiam propter ſe expetitur & libera eſt. </s> <s>cęterarum functionum alius eſt finis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Demũ">Demum</expan> <lb></lb>nulla actio ſiue effectio poteſt exhiberi, niſi contemplatio præcedat, quę quid agendum, quomo<lb></lb>doúe agendum ſit, dictatur. </s> <s>Conuerte te nunc, quæſo ad actionem. </s> <s>hæc, vt dictum eſt, auxilium <lb></lb>contemplationis implorat, aliud ex ſeipſa producit, vt ex fortitudine pacem, virtus indiget exter<lb></lb>nis. </s> <s>nam liberati ad largiendum pecuniis opus eſt. </s> <s>iuſto ad pręſtandam iuſtitiam ſatellitibus forti <lb></lb>viribus & armis. </s> <s>eadem ſedat animi perturbationes; tranquilla autem mens optimè ſpeculatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Actio reſpicit hominem quatenus humana conſtat natura: contemplatio beatarum mentium <lb></lb>munus eſt & hominis, quà partem propè diuinam in ſeipſo continet. </s> <s>Quanto igitur Deus homi<lb></lb>ni præſtat; tanto quoque actioni contemplationem pręſtare putandum eſt. </s> <s>Etenim actio eſt fun<lb></lb>ctio ſecundum virtutem moralem; atqui functio quæ ſecundum mores eſt, ad res pertinet huma<lb></lb>nas. </s> <s>nam functio ſecundum fortitudinem & iuſtitiam, <expan abbr="cęterasq́">cęterasque</expan>. </s> <s>virtutes atque omnino quæ na<lb></lb>ſcuntur ex prudentia ſpectant affectus internos, vel actus externos, quæ ſunt res humanæ. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg490"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum virtutibus prudentia coniuncta eſt, cùm eius principia quæ ſunt fines humani boni conſe<lb></lb>quendi proficiſcantur à virtutibus. </s> <s>Eæ verò ab ipſa prudentia ad bonum finem dirigantur: quan<lb></lb>dò virtus efficit rectum propoſitum: prudentia verò vniuerſa regit quæ ad ipſum producunt, vt <lb></lb>quaſi clauum tenens virtutum moralium, ſecundum dirigat curſum, quo in optimum finem tan<lb></lb>quam in portum ſecuriſsimum ferantur. </s> <s>Itaque tanta eſt cognatio prudentiæ cum virtutibus, vt <lb></lb>à ſe inuicem diuelli nequeant: proinde prudentia virtus eſt hominis propria. </s> <s>Huc accedit quòd <lb></lb>virtutes & prudentia ſunt compoſiti, quia pertinent ad illam animi facultatem, quæ poſita eſt in <lb></lb>ſenſibus, Deos autem quos <expan abbr="deridẽda">deridenda</expan> vetuſtas approbauit, ocioſos quidem eſſe velle <expan abbr="ineptiſsimũ">ineptiſsimum</expan> <lb></lb>ſed multò quoque abſurdius illis attribuere prudentiam quæ poſita eſt in delectu bonorum & <lb></lb>malorum; quibus mali nihil eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>quid item illis opus eſt ratiocinatione qua vtimur ad eam <lb></lb>rem, vt apertis obſcura aſſequamur. </s> <s>aut enim Deo nihil obſcurum eſſe poteſt, aut id ipſum non <lb></lb>curat. </s> <s>Quid iuſtitia, quę ſuum cuique tribuit, pertinet ad Deos? </s> <s>hominum enim ſocietas & com<lb></lb>munitas iuſtitiam procreauit. </s> <s>Quo etiam pacto fortis Deus intelligetur? </s> <s>in dolore, an in labore, <lb></lb>an in periculo? </s> <s>quorum Deum nihil attingit. </s> <s>Quis erit locus in cęlo temperantiæ, <expan abbr="fineq́ue">fineque</expan> etiam <lb></lb>voluptatibus obſcœnis ibi eſt locus? </s> <s>niſi ea dicamus & ſtultiſsimè credamus quę plena ſunt futili<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg491"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatis <expan abbr="ſummęq́">ſummęque</expan>. </s> <s>leuitatis, ætates, veſtitus, ornatus, coniugia, cognationes, cupiditates, ægritudines, <lb></lb>iracundias, bella, prælia, vel quòd duos exercitus <expan abbr="cõtrarios">contrarios</expan>, vt apud <expan abbr="Homerũ">Homerum</expan>, alij dij ex alia parte <lb></lb>defenderent, vel quòd cum Titanis aut gigantibus propria bella geſſerunt. </s> <s>Quid illud quòd</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg470"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg471"></margin.target>c 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 4. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Met. ſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>3. c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg472"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg473"></margin.target>a 3. de An. <lb></lb>lib. de mo<lb></lb>tu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg474"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg475"></margin.target>b 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg476"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg477"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg478"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg479"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg480"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg481"></margin.target>a Gal. lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de part. ar. <lb></lb></s> <s>med.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg482"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg483"></margin.target>b 3. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg484"></margin.target>c 4. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg485"></margin.target>d 1. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg486"></margin.target>a 1. Eth. c. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. 6. Eth. c.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg487"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg488"></margin.target>b 1. Pol.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg489"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg490"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg491"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sæpe etiam Iuno maxima cęli colûm.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Coniugis in culpa flagrauit quotidiana</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Noſcens omniuoli plurima furta Iouis?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et Mercurius, cuius obſcœnius excitata natura traditur, quòd aſpectu Proſerpinæ commotus <lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>& ea quæ de Vulcano Vergilius</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Optatos amplexus, <expan abbr="placidumq́">placidumque</expan>. </s> <s>petiuit</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Coniugis infuſus. </s> <s>gremio per membra ſoporem.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Iam verò dij abſciſsi, exoleti, verſipelles, fures, in vinculis habiti, fulminibus appetiti, vulnera<lb></lb>ti, qui dies ſupremos obierint, <expan abbr="terrenasq́">terrenasque</expan>. </s> <s>ſepulturas meruerint, omnes ſtultitię terminos ſuperat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Saturnus item cum obunca falce cuſtos ruris, vt aliquis ramorum <expan abbr="luxuriantiũ">luxuriantium</expan> tonſor; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> petaſo <lb></lb>gnatus Maię, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> vias aggredi pręparet; & <expan abbr="ſolẽ">ſolem</expan> <expan abbr="puluerẽq́">puluerenque</expan>. </s> <s>declinet, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> priuatus <foreign lang="grc">ἀργειφόντης</foreign>. <pb pagenum="53"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg492"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Deum mater cum tympano, cum tibijs & pſalterijs muſæ. </s> <s>Meminit Plutarchus in eo libro, quo <lb></lb>diſputat, ſit'ne ſeni adminiſtranda Reſp. </s> <s>ſeniores Mercurios à veteribus, ita fingi ſolitos ſine ma<lb></lb>nibus & pedibus membris virilibus arrectis: quanquàm ſignificare voluerunt ſenes à cęteris mu<lb></lb>neribus quæ corpore obeuntur, immunes; oratione, & conſilio remp. </s> <s>adiuuare, & publicorum <lb></lb>commodorum eſſe fœcundos: non erat nihil ominus quòd ſymbolum tam obſcœnum excogita<lb></lb>rent. </s> <s>Plena erant non modo poëtarum volumina conſimilibus figmentis, ſed ædes & templa. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanto ſtultius illi qui brutorum formas attribuebant dijs immortalibus; qui error etiam per<lb></lb>manſit vſque ad tempora Numę. </s> <s>Quamobrem illi eo nomine gratia eſt habenda, quòd primus <lb></lb>vetuerit Romanos (vt Plutarchi verbis vtar) <foreign lang="grc">ανθρωποειδῆ καὶ ζωομὸρφον θεοῦ δἰκονα νομίζειν</foreign>, <lb></lb>ideſt imaginem Dei ſpeciem præſeferre hominis aut belluę putare. </s> <s>Verùm hęc miſſa faciamus, & <lb></lb>redeamus ad Deos, quos neque otio contabeſcere natura rerum patitur, neque ratione vti, aut <lb></lb>manere in officio, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> imbecillitas humana requireret. </s> <s>Siqua igitur functio <expan abbr="propriaq́">propriaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>voluptas eſt, eam omnem in contemplatione meritò collocabimus. </s> <s>Itaque cęteris <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> fun<lb></lb>ctionibus contemplatio præſtabit, & quamuis prudentia <expan abbr="politicaq́">politicaque</expan>. </s> <s>facultas de ſcientiis & con<lb></lb>templandi ratione multa conſtituat, vt ipſi ſapientię quodammodo imperare videatur; ſcire licet <lb></lb>permagni intereſſe imperare de aliquo, & illi imperare. </s> <s>Nanque imperare de aliquo ſignificat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg493"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>imperare gratia illius, alicui verò imperare idem eſt atque illo vti tanquam miniſtro. </s> <s>hoc ſupe<lb></lb>rioris officium eſt, illud arguit ſeruitutem. </s> <s>Porrò in ædibus atrienſis omnibus præeſt, <expan abbr="omniaq́ue">omniaque</expan> <lb></lb>diſpenſat; ſed nondum idem imperat omnibus; verùm domino otium parat, ne is præpeditus <lb></lb>rerum neceſsitate diſſoluatur, quominus honeſtè <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> & officioſi agat. </s> <s>Sed dominus atrienſi <lb></lb>imperat. </s> <s>Eadem ratione prudentia tanquam ſapientiæ quidam atrienſis illi otium parat, vt ſuo <lb></lb>fungatur officio cohibendo affectus, <expan abbr="eosq́">eosque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tollendo prorſus, hoc enim neque fieri poteſt, nec <lb></lb>humanum ingenium tolerat; ſed temperando ſolùm. </s> <s>Non ergo præcipit politica ſapientiæ, ſed <lb></lb>ipſius gratia tantum. </s> <s>Quare tantum abeſt vt hic imperandi modus indicet politicæ nobilitatem, <lb></lb>vt potius conuincat oppoſitum; ſicut etiam quòd Deos curet non ſignificat ipſam dijs eſſe præ<lb></lb>ſtantiorem. </s> <s>nec quòd medicina magis eligenda <expan abbr="potiorq́">potiorque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit quàm bona valetudo, quamuis pa<lb></lb>ret valetudinem & imperet ægro; quia imperat propter illam. </s> <s>Hactenus igitur oſtenſum eſt con<lb></lb>templationem actioni præſtare & idcirco ſcientias facultati ciuili anteponendas eſſe.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg492"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg493"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Comparatur ſcientia naturalis cum cæteris ſcientijs. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg494"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg494"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PRAESTAT ſanè ſcientia duobus nobilitate rei, quæ tractatur & <foreign lang="grc">ἀκριβεία</foreign>. </s> <s>Sed huius <lb></lb>vocis <foreign lang="grc">ἀκριβεία</foreign> notio multiplex eſt. </s> <s>etenim latinè diligentia dici poſſe videtur. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb>obrem iubet Ariſtoteles, non in omnibus eandem diligentiam eſſe requirendam. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Et admone<arrow.to.target n="marg495"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bat M. Tullius in epilogis nihil nimis enucleandum; minutam eſſe enim omnem diligentiam, <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>verò locum grandia requirere: hoc verò eſt cùm ſingula ponuntur ob oculos & ad tenue eliman<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Proximè puto ego illa voce ſignificari certitudinem quam item perſpicuitati maximè <expan abbr="affinẽ">affinem</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe credo: ſiquis hæc idem valere non recipiat. </s> <s>hanc verò non in eo ponerem tantùm quòd ſin<lb></lb>gula exponantur: ſed quòd res in ea principia diſſoluatur quæ per ſeipſa conſpicua ſunt & pro<lb></lb>bè intelliguntur, & maxima illis fides habetur. </s> <s>Prior illa <foreign lang="grc">ὰκριβεία</foreign> potius in docente quàm in rei <lb></lb>natura poſita eſſe videtur. </s> <s>vnde in ſcientias nihil nobilitatis, pręſtantiæúe redundare facilè opina<lb></lb>bor. </s> <s>altera naturam methodi videtur attingere. </s> <s>Hęc verò à duobus fontibus peti ſolet, ab ingenio <lb></lb>demonſtrationis & rei ſubiectæ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Atqui demonſtrationis certitudo, ſeu perſpicuitatis non eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg496"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vniuſmodi. </s> <s>ſiquidem certior ea demonſtratio perhibeatur quæ fidem facit ex cauſsis quàm illa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg497"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ rem eſſe tantummodò oſtendit. </s> <s>aut ſi vtraque ducatur ex cauſsis, erit illa certior quæ ex <lb></lb>cauſsis certioribus pendebit, hoc eſt ex cauſsis natura prioribus & notioribus. </s> <s>At verò ſi cauſſæ <lb></lb>potiores vim finis obtineant, inde colligetur ea præſtantia quam in architectonicis anteà colloca<lb></lb>uimus. </s> <s>Certior item demonſtratio dicetur quæ conſtabit ex cauſsis quæ non modo natura; ve<lb></lb>rumetiam nobis notiores ſint. </s> <s>Hæc poſtrema certitudo conuenit quoque ſubiecto. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> illud enim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg498"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubiectum certius dicitur quod nobis notius eſt, cuiuſmodi eſt animal in methodo naturali. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>ptereà docebat Ariſtoteles ſcientiam de animantibus eſſe præſtantem, quòd à nobis plenius co<lb></lb>gnoſci poſſunt: quandò ſtirpes & animantis ſocias & familiareis habemus, quapropter eas vbe<lb></lb>rius noſſe valemus: quippe cùm multa ineſſe in quoque genere poſsit ille obſeruare, qui <expan abbr="laborẽ">laborem</expan> <lb></lb>non recuſat. </s> <s>quòd igitur propiora ſunt nobis & <expan abbr="cognationẽ">cognationem</expan> habent cum humana natura, aliquid <lb></lb>cum rerum diuinarum ſtudio rependunt. </s> <s>Sed enim alia certitudo, ſeu perſpicuitas accipitur <lb></lb>à ſubiecto. </s> <s>quoniam certior eſt ea methodus quę non de ſubiecto, quàm ea quę de ſubiecto, ideſt <lb></lb>illa certior quę de ſola forma quàm ea quę formam ſpectat in materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Sic arithmetica cer<lb></lb>tior eſt quàm harmonica; quòd illa numerum ab omni qualitate ſenſili ſegregatum examinat, <lb></lb>hæc illum cum ſono ſpectat. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis ſatis apparet omnium pręſtantiſsimam eſſe philo <pb pagenum="54"></pb>ſophiam diuinam, & ſapientiam. </s> <s>Nam quid ad perſpicuitatem ſubiecti pertinet, notiſsimum eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg499"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quippe ens quod ab omnibus noſcitur, nihil ſeipſo notius habet. </s> <s>Idem quoque ſimplicius quàm <lb></lb>ſubiecta cęterarum facultatum; cum ſit ens vniuersè ad nullam certam rem applicatum ſine ap<lb></lb>poſitione aliqua: quod verò ſubiicitur cæteris ſit aut ens mobile, aut quantum. </s> <s>Prætereà diuina <lb></lb>philoſophia cauſsis vtitur, atque illis omnium primis, vnde cætera omnia impetrarunt quòd <lb></lb>ſint; itaque ſunt omnium maximè. </s> <s><expan abbr="eæq́ue">eæque</expan> ſicut omnium primæ natura, ſic etiam natura no<lb></lb>tiſsimæ: idcirco eſt maximè ſcientia & ob id maximè docere poteſt. </s> <s>eadem quoque, cùm ſum<lb></lb>mum finem ſpectet cęteris præferenda, quòd ad eas ſe habet vt Architecton, reliquas vt mini<lb></lb>ſtras reſpiciens, quod olim à nobis expoſitum eſt. </s> <s>nec parcat dicto; ſed omnibus pręcipiat, & <lb></lb>cęteras regat, quo facilius perducantur in contemplationem primi entis, vnde etiam prima phi<lb></lb>loſophia nominatur. </s> <s>Siquo ipſi deeſt conditio perſpicuitatis, illa eſt, quia non accipit nota no<lb></lb>bis ſed natura nota. </s> <s>Quapropter etſi ordine naturæ ſuperat reliquas ſcientias ordine tamen do<lb></lb>ctrinæ poſtponenda eſt. </s> <s>Phyſicę proxima ſenſui perſequitur & familiaria nobis, ſed illa poſte<lb></lb>riora natura ſunt: neque enim de primo fine ſermonem facere poteſt, <expan abbr="ſolumq́ue">ſolumque</expan> illi ipſum at<lb></lb>tingere ſufficit, nihil habens quod de eo diligenter tractare poſsit. </s> <s>Itaque non prima philoſo<lb></lb>phia; ſed ſecunda iure optimo cenſetur. </s> <s>At verò proximè pendet à prima, vt niſi hęc ſit, naturalis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg500"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prima & ſola reputari deberet, quemadmodum eam illi perhibebant, qui vltra ens ſenſile nullum <lb></lb>aliud noſſent, & mathematicen ſcientiæ nomine non dignarentur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nos quid de mathematicis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg501"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>decernendum ſit poſteà videbimus. </s> <s>Interim illud ſilentio non videtur inuoluendum, vtpotè, <lb></lb>non alienum à conſilio noſtro, Sit'ne futura prima phyſice, ſi diuina tollatur. </s> <s>id aſſerit Ariſtote<lb></lb>les. </s> <s>Scotiſtę cauſſam afferunt; quia ſola philoſophia naturalis de ſubſtantia differeret, quę prima <lb></lb>eſt omnium entium. </s> <s>ſiquidem ſublata ſubſtantia quæ ſecreta eſt à materia, abſtractionis ratio de <lb></lb>medio tolleretur in qua poſita eſt prima philoſophia: ſuperſtes enim foret ſola ſubſtantia na<lb></lb>turalis quæ abſtrahi non poteſt. </s> <s>Alij contrà etſi phyſicen primam eſſe fatentur, diuina ſublata <lb></lb>philoſophia, rationem tamen Scotiſtarum non recipiunt & primam non origine phyſicen eſſe <lb></lb>futuram defendunt, ſed dignitate ſolùm atque præſtantia. </s> <s>Nam contra id quod accipiunt Sco<lb></lb>tiſtæ, nullam rationem abſtractionis ſupereſſe, opponunt multa. </s> <s>Tùm quia ſuperſtes eſſet aliqua <lb></lb>vis abſtractionis quæ ad res naturales & mathematicas generatim pertineret, cuius explicatio fo<lb></lb>ret muneris primi philoſophi. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quia multa ſuperſunt à primo philoſopho conſide<lb></lb>randa quæ abſtractione illa non continentur quam Deo <expan abbr="mentibusq́">mentibusque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparatis attribuimus. </s> <s>Non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg502"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur erit origine prior ſcientia naturalis; ſed ſi fortè, præſtantior. </s> <s>& certè ita erit, inquiunt, quia <lb></lb>ſola ſpectabit ſubſtantiam ſimpliciter: cùm cęteroqui mathematicæ quantum conſiderent. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi videatur item requiri tractatio communium illorum attributorum & vt ſolet dici, tranſcenden<lb></lb>tium, adhuc philoſophia naturalis erit natura præponenda, quia cùm pauca admodum ea ſint <lb></lb>quæ abſtrahi queant, ſcientiam ſeparatam non efficient, ſed vt partes vni ex his ſcientiis adiun<lb></lb>gentur. </s> <s>& ſicut in mathematicis aliqua, tametſi magnitudini <expan abbr="numeroq́">numeroque</expan>. </s> <s>conuenientia communi<lb></lb>ter, non idcirco ſeorſum tractantur, ſed vel in geometria, vel in arithmetica traduntur, idem quo<lb></lb>que iudicium de naturali ſcientia fiet. </s> <s>Quantum ſanè attinet ad Scotiſtas, hæc aduerſus illos for<lb></lb>taſſe plurimum valent, contra nos non item qui ens non vniuocum ponimus, <expan abbr="quiq́ue">quique</expan> numerum <lb></lb>& magnitudinem vniuocè volumus eſſe quantitates & planè nouimus Euclideum progreſſum <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele notatum, qui non vniuersè concluderet, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm tamen ratio vniuersè concludendi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg503"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuppeteret; & ab Alexandro deſignationes illas pſeudographos habitas. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nec id prohiberet, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg504"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quominus eſſet alia ſcientia ad quam earum rerum tractatio pertineret, tametſi paucæ forent, <lb></lb>quia ſcientiæ non ex rerum magnitudine, ſed fine, vſu, & modo diſtinguuntur: nec tollit quomi<lb></lb>nus ſit ars ludendi ſcacchis à cęteris ſeparata, quamuis paucis admodum verbis <expan abbr="cõprehendatur">comprehendatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg505"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sed hoc miſſo ſpectemus argumenta oppoſita. </s> <s>Profectò niſi ſit aliqua ſubſtantia ſeparata, neſcio <lb></lb>futura'ne ſit aliqua ſcientia de communibus rei naturali & mathematicæ, quia reipſa eadem eſt <lb></lb>magnitudo naturalis: nec vlla communis ſcientia neceſſaria foret. </s> <s>Ac ſi rectè rem animaduertas, <lb></lb>omnis tranſcendentia (ſic enim notionem nouam nouo nomine appellare mihi liceat) naſcitur <lb></lb>ex affinitate & pendentia quæ inter ſubſtantias naturales & ſeparatas intercedit. </s> <s>his ergo ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiis de medio ſublatis pendentia, & ſubinde tranſcendentis ratio tolleretur. </s> <s>Adde quòd ſiqua fo<lb></lb>ret ſcientia de traſcendentibus illis eſſet natura poſterior, vt oſtendemus qua de illorum vi diſſe<lb></lb>retur, aut ad ſummum prior ſecundum rationem. </s> <s>itaque adhuc phyſica & origine & natura an<lb></lb>teiret. </s> <s>Ergo ſi ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ non eſſent; nec philoſophia diuina; prima omnium foret na<lb></lb>turalis. </s> <s>Mathematicæ cùm ex notis nobis, & natura ſimul efficiant id quod cupiunt, ſic cęteris <lb></lb>demonſtrationis perſpicuitate præponentur, nam vis rerum quas ipſæ tractant, non eſt <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <lb></lb>nobilis; quippe quòd ſint accidentia, ideſt habeat rationem ſubſtantiæ quatenus ſubiicitur, & de<lb></lb>terminatur quanto; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſiderentur longè ſecus atque in natura exiſtant; vſque adeò vt non<lb></lb>nullis non naturæ, ſed mentis opera eſſe credatur. </s> <s>Attamen nonnullarum rerum ingenium tale <pb pagenum="55"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg505a"></arrow.to.target> eſſe comperimus, vt ad certam materiam ſeſe non applicent, neque motum conſequantur.</s> <s>quia <lb></lb>tamen in natura quicquid eſt, cum motu exiſtet;</s> <s>opus eſt abſtractione, cuius beneficio quantum <lb></lb>motu non comprehenſo in eo munere contemplamur;</s> <s>& cùm talis ſit earum natura, nihil abſurd<lb></lb>di exoritur.</s> <s>Quòd item confirmatur, quòd mens in omni habitu verum dicit; </s> <s>atqui verum eſt <lb></lb>ex eo, quòd res ita eſt. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quod Ariſtoteles diſtinguit ſcientias non ex ratione <expan abbr="notionũ">notionum</expan>, <arrow.to.target n="marg505b"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed entium.</s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cęterùm & mathematicæ gradus habent: quando ea quæ conſiderat quantum <lb></lb>diſcretum certior eſt quàm ea quæ tractat continuum, cùm ſuperet perſpicuitate demonſtratio<lb></lb>nis, & ſimplicitate ſubiecti. </s> <s>nam quantum continuum, cùm ſe habet ad diſcretum vt includens poſi<lb></lb>tionem, punctus enim eſt vnitas cum poſitione.<emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end></s> <s>Et multo præſtantior eſt Aſtrologia; quippe <arrow.to.target n="marg505c"></arrow.to.target> <lb></lb>quòd ſola è mathimaticis de ſubſtantia atque illa quidem perpetua & cauſſas inuariabilis ha<lb></lb>bente differat. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq̀.">ideoque</expan> ſit omnium maxime affinis primæ philoſophiæ. </s> <s>Sed quantum pertinet <lb></lb> ad id noſcendum vtra ſit origine prior arithmetica an geometria, cadere poſsit in quæſtionem, <lb></lb>propterea quòd dubium eſt, ſit'ne numerus an magnitudo prior. </s> <s>exiſtimabit enim quiſpiam ma<lb></lb>gnitudinem numero priorem eſſe, ſiquidem è continui ſectione numerus oriatur; </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>& tamen <arrow.to.target n="marg505d"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>geometriam doceat Ariſtoteles eſſe arithmetica poſteriorem, quia minus ſimplicia tractet, & ea <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg505e"></arrow.to.target> quæ poſitionem habent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq̀.">Idemque</expan> præterea docet poſteriorem eſſe habitum illum qui res ex ap<lb></lb>poſitione conſiderat, eo qui illas citra appoſitionem ſpectat. </s> <s>Cùm ergo geometria ſit cum appo<lb></lb>ſitione non item arithmetica, planum eſt quò geometria poſterior eſt arithmetica.</s> <s>Mihi tamen <lb></lb>placet ex rei natura magnitudinem numero priorem eſſe; </s> <s>& quamuis appoſitio geometriæ tri<lb></lb>buatur, eſt illa appoſitio ſecundum rationem, potius quàm ſecundum rem. </s> <s>eſt vero appoſitio ſe<lb></lb>cundum rem, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>ubi quid priori accedat, ſine quo prius exiſtere poteſt; </s> <s>at quod accedit, non ſine <arrow.to.target n="marg505f"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illo, vt accidens ſubſtantiæ ſuperveniat, quò ſubſtantia ſine accidente illo conſeruatur; </s> <s>ſine <lb></lb>ſubſtantia tamen accidens non exiſtet; </s> <s>ſecundum rationem verò, ſiquod in alio exiſtet, ſine illo <lb></lb>cogitetur, in quo eſt; </s> <s>pòſt ad illud idem applicetur, ſine quo non exiſtet, velut albedo quæ eſt in <lb></lb>homine, non exiſtet ſine homine, verumtamen ſine homine cogitatur. </s> <s>ſi prius ſine homine, pòſt <lb></lb>in homine cogitetur, ea eſt appoſitio ſecundum rationem; </s> <s> hic quod ſecundum rationem prius <lb></lb>eſt, non neceſſariò prius eſt ſecundum naturam. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Geometer igitur, & Arithmeticus ita ſe habent, <lb></lb>vt Geometer addat numero poſitionem, ea verò additio ſfit ope mentis, quia quantum ſine poſi<arrow.to.target n="marg505g"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione concipitur. </s> <s>Itaque ex eo quòd prior ſit ſecundum rationem, non efficitur arithmeticen eſſe <lb></lb>natura priorem, quinimmò cùm habitus ſit priuatione prior natura; numerus autem videatur <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg505h"></arrow.to.target>eſſe priuatio continui, magnitudo prior erit natura, quàm numerus. </s> <s>Conſimili diſtinctione de<lb></lb>fendi poterit, mathematicen eſſe priorem naturali: quandò naturalis materiam quanto apponit, <lb></lb>ſine qua conſideratur à mathematico: prior enim ſecundum rationem erit mathematica, licet <lb></lb>natura poſterior. </s> <s>Ex his quæ dicta ſunt, facilè apparet ordo qui inter habitus contemplantes in<lb></lb>tercedit.</s> <s>Nam ſi ſcientiæ præſtantiam ex ſubiecti nobilitate metiamur, & ex ordine cauſſarum. </s> <s>Diuinæ philoſophiæ primæ dabuntur; ſecundæ naturali; tertiæ mathematicæ </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>Videntur verò <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg505i"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Gręci, Ammonius, Philoponus, Simplicius, Olympiodorus, & poſt hos Albertus medias collo<lb></lb>caſſe mathematicas inter naturalem & diuinam; quaſi via quædam ſit quam tranſeat mens, dum <lb></lb> à naturalibus quæ materia conſtant, ad illa aſpirat quæ prorſus à materia ſeiuncta ſunt. </s> <s>etenim mathimatica media ſunt, quia per ſe ſunt in materia, verùm ſine illa cogitari queunt; </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq̀.">ideoque</expan> <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀφῃρημενα</foreign> dicuntur & <foreign lang="grc">ἐξ ἀφαιρέσεως</foreign>, cum diuina, <foreign lang="grc">χωριστὰ</foreign>, ſeu <foreign lang="grc">κεχωρισμένα</foreign> vocentur.</s> <s>tametſi nonnunquam voces iſtæ permiſcentur.</s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>Sicut ergo natura ab extremo perueniat ad extre<arrow.to.target n="marg505j"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mum per media; ſic & mentem noſtram facere voluerunt. </s> <s>& planè ita perſuadet vſus. </s> <s>Nam ſi<lb></lb>cut ij qui fuere diutius in tenebris & compedibus facilè ſupplantantur <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>& cęcutiunt, ſi in lucem <arrow.to.target n="marg505k"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg505l"></arrow.to.target>illicò prodire & ambulare cogantur, <expan abbr="ideoq̀.">ideoque</expan> leuiorem motum <expan abbr="lumenq̀.">lumenque</expan> debilius requirunt, vt <lb></lb> paullatim mouendo <expan abbr="videndoq̀.">videndoque</expan> aſſueſcant: </s> <s>ſic mens noſtra in rebus materiatis occupata, ſi in di<lb></lb>uinam philosophiam ſubita feratur, facilè offuſcatur, & à comprehensione illius aberrat. </s> <s> Itaque <lb></lb>opus fuit, vt per mathematica tranſiret, & rerum abſtractarum contemplationi paullatim inſue<lb></lb>ſceret, ſicut enim oculus noctuæ à ſplendore ſolis afficitur;</s> <s>ſic quoque mens noſtra à lumine di<lb></lb>uinio obcęcatur. </s> <s>Sed dicam, quod ego de hoc ordine ſentio.</s> <s>is nunquàm ab Ariſtotele animad<lb></lb>uerſus eſt, ſed aut ordinem ipſe naturæ, aut doctrinę approbauit.</s> <s>Neque hic progreſſus congruit <lb></lb>cum placitis Ariſtotelis, aut Platonis. </s> <s>(ſi modo antedictum ordinem ad doctrinæ ordinem referre <lb></lb> placeat, ut faciendum videtur.)</s> <s>ſiquidem Ariſtoteles conſtituit mathematicen in primo gradu <lb></lb>certitudinis, <expan abbr="eamq̀.">eamque</expan> ita facilem, ut à pueris <emph type="sup"></emph>i<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etiam optimè diſcatur. </s> <s>Neque repugnat huic ſenten<arrow.to.target n="marg505m"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiæ Plato, ſi <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſt id quòd in gymnaſij foribus inſcriptum fuerit.</s> <s><foreign lang="grc">μηδεις ἀγεωμέτρηιος εἰδέτω</foreign> ideſt nullus geometriæ neſcius ingrediatur. </s> <s>quò factum eſt etiam, vt vbicunque res obſcurior ex<lb></lb>plananda fuerit, ab vtroque exemplis mathematicis illuſtretur. </s> <s>Et Ariſtoteles ipſe in ſuis inſtitu<lb></lb>tionibus ciuilibus <emph type="sup"></emph>k<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> iubeat pueris, vt ſe in mathematicis exerceant. </s> <s>non ita iudicat de naturalibus <arrow.to.target n="marg505n"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> aut moralibus, quando maximum requirant vſum qui ſine longiore tempore non poteſt haberi.</s> <pb pagenum="56"></pb> <s>Secundò loco diſcetur philosophia naturalis. </s> <s>ab hac conuertemus nos ad diuinam quæ ideo poſt <arrow.to.target n="marg505o"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturalia vocata eſt, ſic ordini doctrinæ conſuletur. </s> <s>Nec media mathematica deſiderabitur: cùm <lb></lb> ex motu ipſo diuinæ ſubstantiæ noteſcant, vt ſuo loco videbimus. </s> <s>Nec vllus ordo naturæ apud <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem obſseruetur, præterquam quòd mathematicę natura poſteriores ſint naturalibus, vt<lb></lb>potè, qui in veteres inuehatur qui mathematica madia fecerint inter res naturales & diuinas, nec <lb></lb>de ordine doctrinæ loquerentur, ſed naturæ;</s> <s>cùm ipſi mathematica rerum naturalium principia <lb></lb>conſtituerint. </s> <s>Verumenimverò ſiquis curioſior accuratè ſibi velit explicari ordinem qui eſt inter <lb></lb>contemplantes habitus & cęterois ijs quæ ſupra dicta ſunt de præſtantia <expan abbr="cõtemplationis">contemplationis</expan>, hæc ſub<lb></lb>ſcribat. </s> <s>ordinem hunc à pluribus initijs duci poſſe: etenim, aut inter has facultates exiſtit, quà <lb></lb>methodi ſunt, & docentur, aut quia ſunt habitus. </s> <s>Rurſus aut eſt ordo doctrinæ, aut naturæ; at<lb></lb>que hic quidem originis, vel perfectionis. </s> <s>Et ſanè quatenus methodi ſunt, nullis legibus ſubiici <lb></lb>videntur, ſi dialecticen excipias, hæc enim methodus omnibus anteponenda eſt, vt ſuprà docui<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>De ordine perfectionis, nihil addam. </s> <s>ſed monebo ſolùm, origine præcedere contemplan<lb></lb>tibus cęteras facultates. </s> <s>Nam repertis neceſſariis philoſophari cœtum eſt. </s> <s>hæc verò ab artibus <lb></lb>ſubminiſtrantur.</s> <s>& hæ prius quàm mores excultæ ſunt. </s> <s>Proinde cecinit Phocylides. </s><lb></lb> <lb></lb> <s><foreign lang="grc">Δεῖ ζητεῖν βιο τήν ἀρετην δε ὁταν βιος εῖη</foreign></s><lb></lb> <s>Victus quærendus; virtus cùm ſuppetit ipſe.<arrow.to.target n="marg505p"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb></s> <s>Sed neque illud prætermittendum quod à Simplicio primum, tùm deinde ab Auerroe memo<lb></lb>riæ commendatum eſt: ſi rerum naturam perſpexerimus, quod eſt contemplari, nos etiam neceſ<lb></lb>ſariò fore ſtudioſos ex quo efficitur, ordine quoque tùm naturæ, tùm doctrinæ antecedere con<lb></lb>templantes, & potiſsimè naturalem de qua ibi ſermonem faciunt illi auctores. </s> <s>Equidem, noui ha<lb></lb>bitus ex actibus fieri frequentatis, idque per ſe: dabo igitur eam rerum notitiam per accidens & <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">καταχρηστικῶς</foreign> ad propagationem virtutis iuuare; </s> <s>quatenus cognoſceret mores cum naturæ or<lb></lb>dine congruere. </s> <s>Neque verò te in ſchola Peripatetica velim ſic vtilitatem illam accipere, quaſi <lb></lb>vnuſquiſque bonus ſit in eo cuius eſt ſciens, vt Socrates opinatur, omnemque virtutem ſcientia <lb></lb>comparari; </s> <s>ex quo dictum eſt, omnem ignarum eſſe malum; & tanti viri admonitu ſcriptum illud <lb></lb>Homine imperito nunquam quicquam iniuſtius. </s> <s>quò in eo diſſentit virtus à ſcientia; </s> <s>ſiquidem <lb></lb>vbi ſcientia teneatur, ſcientem facit. </s> <s>at quicunque nouit quid ſit virtus; non idcirco virtutem ha<lb></lb>bet: Sed virtus & mos aſſuetudine parantur. </s> <s>nam quia benè agimus euadimus boni. </s> <s>Atque hæc <lb></lb> de ordine contemplantium præcipuè naturalis ad reliquas abundè dicta forent, niſi nos ad ſe re<lb></lb>uocarent aliqua quæ à iunioribus de conditione mathematicarum tractata accepimus.<arrow.to.target n="marg505q"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb></s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iure'ne Mathematicæ ex ordine ſcientiarum expugungantur. </s> <s>Cap. XI.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERGO hoc loco vim mathematicarum exploremus; & doceamus quemadmodum mathe<lb></lb>maticæ ſint ſcientiæ ſecus àc fecerint veteres de quibus meminit Ariſtoteles, & aliqui è no<lb></lb>ſtris qui in eas acerrimè inuecti ſunt. </s> <s>Nanque nouimus antiquos in inſtrumentorum & adiuuan<lb></lb>tium genere collocaſſe mathimaticas. </s> <s>ſiquidem Socrates perſuadeat Arithmeticen, <expan abbr="Geometriã">Geometriam</expan> <lb></lb>Aſtronomiam, Muſicam, Dialecticam, vtiles eſſe quidem ad ſapientiam capeſſendam, ſapientiæ <lb></lb>verò nomine, ſeu ſcientiæ non eſſe dignas; </s> <s>& de cuntis es pronuntiant, ſicut illa ſolutio <expan abbr="conuerſioq̀.">conuer<lb></lb>ſioque</expan> ab vmbris & ex antro ad ſimulachra, <expan abbr="ſolisq̀">ſolisque</expan> lumen, ibique animalium & plantarum inſpe<lb></lb>ctio <expan abbr="ſolisq̀">ſolisque</expan> & ſiderum in aqua propter imbecillitatem oculorum obtuts, ipſum quod on corpo<lb></lb>ribus eſt clariſsimum, ad id conuertunt quod eſt in corporea <expan abbr="viſiliq̀.">viſilique</expan> regione omnium fulgentiſ&<lb></lb>ſimum; </s> <s>ſic omnium ſupradictum artium ſtudium deducit animum per vmbras non ſimula<lb></lb>chrorum, ſed eorum potius quæ verè ſunt, <expan abbr="facitq̀.">facitque</expan> vt eas iudicemus apparentes ad aliud quod<arrow.to.target n="marg505r"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dam lumen tanquam ad ſolem, <expan abbr="habetq̀">habetque</expan> vim extollendi id quod eſt in animo præſtantiſsimum, <lb></lb>ad cotemplationem eius quod in ordine rerum optimum eſt. </s> <s>Itaque veluti miniſtræ ſunt ma<lb></lb>thematicę, nec honore dignæ, & habitæ <foreign lang="grc">προπαιδεία</foreign>, ideſt, apparatus quidam ad alias diſci<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg505s"></arrow.to.target>plinas. </s> <s>ob eamque potiſsimè cauſſam, quòd de bono mentionem facere non videntur. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>omne bonum eſt finis, is verò cuiuſdam actus eſt. </s> <s>Omnis verò actus eſt cum motu. </s> <s>Mathematicę <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg505t"></arrow.to.target>autem motum non reſpiciunt. </s> <s>Hæc noſtri addunt. </s> <s>Omnem ſientiam ex propriis effici: propria <lb></lb> verò ſunt neceſſaria quæ quatenus ipſum & per ſe inſunt. </s> <s>Atqui talia principia mathematic%aelig; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>habent. </s> <s>Quò enim triangulus contineat duos rectos ex angulo externo demonſtrant qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>eſt accidens; quandò ſine ipſo & cogitari & exiſtere poteſt triangulum. </s> <s>Prætereà probant ex his <lb></lb> quæ communia ſunt, vtpotè. </s> <s>ex eo quod omne totum ſua parte maius eſt, & quòd ſi ab æquis <lb></lb> æqua tollantur, ea quæ ſuperſunt æqua ſunt. </s> <s>Tùm etiam medium non eſt ratio formalis conclu<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg505u"></arrow.to.target>ſionis; quia vna <expan abbr="eademq̀.">eademque</expan> cauſſa plurimum effectuum eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>Deinde nullum cauſſæ genus ac<lb></lb>cipit. </s> <s>manifeſte enim finem <expan abbr="efficiensq̀.">efficiensque</expan> repuit. </s> <s>Caret forma, igitur & materia. </s> <s>Nanque hæ ſeſe <lb></lb>viciſim reſpiciunt. </s> <s>Quòd forma careant, oſtenditur, quia quantum eſt accidens, non forma.</s> <pb pagenum="57"></pb> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg506"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Tùm etiam eius forma non eſt, quoniam eius eſſet definitio: huius enim munus eſt explicare for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg507"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mam. </s> <s>Sed eius eſt non definitio, verùm deſcriptio, nec forma igitur. </s> <s>Nec non ea quæ probantur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg508"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>externa ſunt, nec intrinſecus à rei ſubſtantia pendent. </s> <s>Et ad idem confirmandum valet auctoritas <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis aientis, principia mathematices eſſe per ſimilitudinem, neque propria. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Idemq́.">Idemque</expan> non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg509"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſine cauſſa ab Ariſtotele acceptum; proptereà quòd omnes cauſſæ definiuntur per motum: effi<lb></lb>ciens enim eſt principium motus, finis cuius gratia motus eſt, forma & materia ſunt naturæ; & mo<lb></lb>tus igitur principia ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>At verò mathematica ſunt immobilia. </s> <s>Et nullum igitur ibi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg510"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſæ genus exiſtit. </s> <s>Tùm etiam nulla affertur potiſsima demonſtratio. </s> <s>Siquidem definitio non <lb></lb>aſſumitur: & eſto quòd aſſumatur, ea non interna eſt, ſed externa. </s> <s>Quin etiam vna eſt cuiuſque <lb></lb>rei demonſtratio. </s> <s>Sed in his plures exhibentur; & recta, & quæ deducat ad id quod fieri nequit; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg511"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& mediis adeò diuerſis eadem concluſio <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>. </s> <s>Mathematicæ quoque rationibus vtun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg512"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur quæ deducunt ad id quod fieri nequit: eæ verò non ſunt ex primis, ſed à ſigno. </s> <s>Poſtremò ve<lb></lb>rè ſcientia tractat ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>proptereà tot philoſophiæ partes quot ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Atqui mathe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg513"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>matice relinquit eam naturali. </s> <s>Cęterùm toto cęlo veteres <expan abbr="aberrãt">aberrant</expan>, nec de bono diſtinguere ſciunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>quandoquidem bonum duplex eſt honeſtum & honore dignum <foreign lang="grc">τὸ καλόν</foreign> Græci vocant, atque <lb></lb>alterum, cui conuenit laus; Græcè dicitur <foreign lang="grc">ἀγαθόν</foreign> honeſtum quidem propter ſe expetitur; lau<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg514"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dandum propter aliud expeti poteſt. </s> <s>honeſtum eſt in immobilibus alterum motu & actione <expan abbr="cõ-paratur">con<lb></lb>paratur</expan>. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="contẽplatio">contemplatio</expan> ex honeſtis eſt; quippe quæ aliena eſt à motu. </s> <s>Quapropter <foreign lang="grc">ἠθιστήμη</foreign>, <lb></lb>ſcientia vocata eſt à ſtatu, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd ſedatis humoribus ætatis autem proceſſu id fit; & perturbationi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg515"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus id quod præſtat virtus, nobis accedat, & id ita proprium ſapientię habitum eſt, vt M. Varro in <lb></lb>ſeriis quoque diſceptationibus imperet quietem. </s> <s>Romanus, inquiens, ſedendo ſapit. </s> <s>Hoc genere <lb></lb>boni præditæ ſunt mathematicæ; & verum continent, quòd per ſe expetendum eſt; & ex hiſce <lb></lb>principiis originem duxiſſe monſtrat id quòd otij vitandi gratia ſacerdotes apud Aegyptios in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg516"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cubuerint mathematicis. </s> <s>Itaque ad illud. </s> <s>Omne bonum finis eſt, concedo. </s> <s>finis cuiuſdam actus <lb></lb>eſt finis; & id quoque do. </s> <s>Omnis actus cum motu: hoc verò nego. </s> <s>Sed actio vel imperfecta eſt, <lb></lb>vel perfecta. </s> <s>atque imperfecta quidem eſt cum motu; perfectam ſine motu conſiſtere poſſe pla<lb></lb>num eſt. </s> <s>Et contemplatio eſt bonum honeſtum & actus, ſed ſine motu. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> iuniores ſeor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg517"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſum oſtendamus mathematicas eſſe ſcientias. </s> <s>Atque iam patet ex fine eas in ſcientiis eſſe nume<lb></lb>randas. </s> <s>ſiquidem contemplatio, & veritas ſint ſcientiæ finis, aliquam verò partem contemplatio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg518"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nis, & veritatis mathematicæ præſeferant. </s> <s>Perſuadet nos ordo rationum quibus ipſe vtuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg519"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nam cùm ad tot capita vniuerſæ referantur, Rhetoricæ enim ſunt, aut Dialecticæ, aut demonſtra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg520"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiuæ. </s> <s>Sed non Rhetoricæ, non Dialecticæ, <expan abbr="demõſtratiuę">demonſtratiuę</expan> igitur: itaque ſcientiam faciunt. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb>quinque ſunt habitus, quibus verum dicere contingit, mens, ſapientia, prudentia, ars, & ſcientia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed mathematicæ non mens, non ſapientia, non prudentia, non ars. </s> <s>igitur ſcientia. </s> <s>Quin etiam <lb></lb>efficiuntur ex nobis & natura notis. </s> <s>ea verò ſunt natura priora & cauſſa. </s> <s>ex cauſsis autem, ſi con<lb></lb>templatio veritatis proponatur; efficitur ſcientia. </s> <s>Accedunt & Ariſtotelis, & Ptolomæi ſententię; <lb></lb>Quoniam ille primam figuram ſcientiæ faciendę maximè accommodatam eſſe teſtatur, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ſępe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg521"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>auctoritate mathematicorum conditiones verę demonſtrationis explicat. </s> <s>Ptolomęus item cæte<lb></lb>ris ſcientiis tribuit <foreign lang="grc">ευλογον</foreign>, probabile ſcilicet & veriſimile; certum & neceſſarium mathematicis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi neceſſarium; & per ſe igitur; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>in primo, vel in ſecundo modo; proptereà continent <lb></lb>quid eſt; quod eſt principium demonſtrationis. </s> <s>Et cùm mathematica ſint entia; vel ſunt cauſſæ <lb></lb>vel ex cauſsis: tale enim eſt rerum genus in natura, quod nullum certum materiæ ſenſilis genus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg522"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſibi vendicat: ergo ſunt obnoxia demonſtrationi. </s> <s>At verò vt rationes oppoſitæ diluantur, aduer<lb></lb>tere oportet conſilium Philoſophi 4. Met. vnde ſcaturit omnis fallacia propemodum. </s> <s>Non te la<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg523"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tet ex his, quæ nos anteà ſcripſimus, ab eis qui præceſſerunt Ariſtoteli, mathematicen è <expan abbr="ſcientiarũ">ſcientiarum</expan> <lb></lb>numero eiectam fuiſſe, & habitam veluti philoſophiæ inſtrumentum, quod item reſpexiſſe vide<lb></lb>tur præceptorum præceptor, dum 3. Met. probabiliter argumentatur in eis non eſſe bonum. </s> <s>Au<lb></lb>diſti quoque ante Ariſtotelem fuiſſe ignotum genus illud ſubſtantiæ quod ab omni materiæ ſe<lb></lb>cretum foret, & apodictice ſolùm ab Ariſtotele confectum. </s> <s>proinde non extitiſſe locum primæ <lb></lb>philoſophiæ, ſed primas ſibi vendicaſſe naturalem: ex quo effectum eſt, vt eo ſubſtantiarum ge<lb></lb>nere comperto naturalis quę tunc erat prima, locum cederet alteri philoſophiæ, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>iure optimo <lb></lb>prima haberetur, quòd de primis ſubſtantiis ageret; naturalis autem ſecunda, quia de ſecundo <lb></lb>ſubſtantiarum ordine diſputaret. </s> <s>Hæc quoniam confecta in phyſicis vt perſpicua ſtatuuntur: de <lb></lb>mathematicis erat diſſerendum, quod in eius philoſophiæ calce per actum eſt. </s> <s>Ergo cùm de ma<lb></lb>thematicis eo tempore nil decretum fuiſſet; ex iis quæ tum conſtituta erant, accipit Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>tot eſſe ſcientias quot ſunt genera ſubſtantiarum, quaſi certum & confectum ex vi apodixeos, & <lb></lb>communiter approbatum, & ſine controuerſia receptum, duo ſcilicet eſſe ſubſtantiarum gene<lb></lb>ra, necnon totidem ſcientias. </s> <s>quod fortè non dixiſſet Ariſtoteles, poſtquàm (id quod in extre<lb></lb>mo illo volumine fecit) docuiſſet quemadmodum item bonum ad mathematica pertineret. <pb pagenum="58"></pb>Verùm fac illud fuiſſe decretum Philoſophi ex numero ſubſtantiarum colligi ſcientiarum mul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg524"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>titudinem: culpandi ſunt mathematici qui quantum ab omni ſubſtantiæ genere ſeparatum <expan abbr="cõ-miniſcuntur">con<lb></lb>miniſcuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>mathematico ſubſternunt, neque ius ſuum retinent. </s> <s>Vt enim ante ſignificaui<lb></lb>mus, accidens ſine ſubſtantia neque eſſe, neque cogitari poteſt, & in mathematica ſic ſubit abſtra<lb></lb>ctionem, vt primùm fit in abſtractione aliorum accidentium, determinando notionem ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ tali forma accidentis, vt conſiderando ſubſtantiam quatenus eſt quanta, non vt ſubiectum <lb></lb>quanti, deinde liberatur quantum conditionibus materiæ ſenſilis, hoc eſt, alteratricibus calore & <lb></lb>frigore, & quæ naſcuntur ex illis, ſibi relinquens extentionem ſolam <foreign lang="grc">διὰστημα</foreign>, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">διὰστασϊν</foreign>, au<lb></lb>xilio noſtræ mentis: eſt autem diſtantia infinitum quid, & intrinſecus inhæret in materia, immò <lb></lb>eſt ipſa materies, vt ſuo loco demonſtrabitur. </s> <s>& quamuis non ſit ſenſilis, eſt <foreign lang="grc">νοητή</foreign>, & intelligen<lb></lb>da: infinita verò non quòd omni termino excedat, ſed quia mens in ea terminum vbicunque fi<lb></lb>gere queat, & quadrans & rotundans. </s> <s>nam termini naturales ſunt in materia iam qualitatibus <lb></lb>alteratricibus & ſenſilibus affecta. </s> <s>Accedit eodem quòd nomen ſubſtantię multiplex eſt, & inter <lb></lb>cętera comprehendit <foreign lang="grc">τὸ τί ἐστὶ</foreign>, quod quid eſt, atque hoc eſt ſcientiæ caput, vt dixi. </s> <s>Proinde tria <lb></lb>ſunt genera ipſius quid eſt, vnum formarum ab omni materiæ ſecretarum, quod eſt primi philo<lb></lb>ſophi, alterum quod eſt in materia ſenſili & naturale, & tertium quod ſecernitur à materia ſenſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg525"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>li, & eſt mathematicum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi accidens ſpectare dicuntur; ita accipito, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reſoluunt ſuas <lb></lb>demonſtrationes in principia ſubſtantiæ, quemadmodum aliæ ſcientiæ, ſed in principia quanti <lb></lb><expan abbr="tãtummodò">tantummodò</expan>; nihilominus & ipſa rei principia <expan abbr="perhibẽtur">perhibentur</expan> ab Ariſtotele; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt quid tetragoniſmus? <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg526"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inuentio mediæ. </s> <s>Quanquam illud ſatis eſſe poterat ad perſuadendum in mathematicis eſſe rei <lb></lb>cauſſam & ſi illis <expan abbr="cõcedebatur">concedebatur</expan> quid eſt. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt Ariſtotelis verba 5. primæ phil. </s> <s>c. de termino. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὸ τί ἐστὶ πέρως γνώσεας, καὶ τοῦ πραγμάτος</foreign>. </s> <s>Ipſum quid eſt eſſe terminum cognitionis, ſi verò <lb></lb>cognitionis & rei. </s> <s>Et planè ſi ita res eſt veram habeat cauſſam tetragoniſmus; propter quam ſit <lb></lb>oportet, aut ſit <foreign lang="grc">ἀναίτιος</foreign> & ſine cauſſa, quod eſt principium. </s> <s>Quapropter etſi non ſunt verę cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ, ideſt, præcipuę, ſunt tamen primæ, ſi referantur ad ſuos effectus, id quod <expan abbr="demõſtrationi">demonſtrationi</expan> ſat eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Memento verò ipſum quid eſt eſſe duplex vel propriè, quod rei formam <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, vel logicè, quod <lb></lb>per omnia cauſſarum genera ſeorſum tradi poteſt. </s> <s>Atqui ea definitio, quæ continet formam, ſu<lb></lb>mitur à Mathematicis, nec à phyſica definitione differt: quandò non aliter definiret phyſicus re<lb></lb>ctum, aut curuum, vel Sexagonum, cum docet cur iris lapis ſit Hexagonus; itaque etiam nos do<lb></lb>cuit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ipſum cur in ipſum quid eſt reſolui, vt in definitionem recti, & eius, cuius po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg527"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teſt eſſe commenſio. </s> <s>Vtitur etiam materia Mathematicus, vt cùm totum rectum ex duobus ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg528"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mirectis concludit. </s> <s>& cùm in omni prædicamento contineatur ratio poteſtatis & actus, & quod <lb></lb>eſt inſtar materiæ ac formæ, vtrunque principiorum genus vſurpat; & quamuis non ſint abſolu<lb></lb>tè prima, ſat eſt ſi in ſuo genere ſint huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Neque tibi negotium faceſſat, ſiquando ex nobis <lb></lb>audies dimidia, aut aliud ſimile partium genus eſſe toto poſteriora; proptereà non poſſe ex illis <lb></lb>demonſtrationem confici; aut ſi <expan abbr="cõficit">conficit</expan> demonſtratio; ex his tanquàm prioribus verearis ne falsò <lb></lb>pronunciatum ſit ab Ariſtotele, eas partes eſſe toto poſteriores. </s> <s>Etenim alia ratio eſt eiuſmodi <lb></lb>partium apud mathematicum & cęteros philoſophos: apud hos enim ſunt accidentia eſſentiæ; <lb></lb>proptereà toto poſteriores habentur; at apud mathematicum qui diſtantiam per ſe conſiderat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg529"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ per ſe conſtat ex iis partibus iure principia reputantur. </s> <s>Inſuper ſcire licet certitudinem ſeu <lb></lb>perſpicuitatem eſſe vel per <expan abbr="demõſtrationem">demonſtrationem</expan>, vel etiam multò maiorem, qualis eſt principiorum, <lb></lb>quę ſanè perſpicuitas ſcientiam non oppugnat. </s> <s>hoc autem modo multa noteſcunt in mathema<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg530"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ticis, quæ tanquàm ſenſu deſcriptionibus exponuntur. </s> <s>Necnon affectiones eſſe proprias, vel ſpe<lb></lb>ciei, vel generis, neque omnes vno ſubiecto fundari. </s> <s>Specta primùm tu ea quę ſunt ad aliquid, <lb></lb>hęc profectò ſaltem duobus innituntur, <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione ęquale, & inęquale quæ ſunt propria <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg531"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quanti, & ſimile & diſsimile quę ſunt propria qualis. </s> <s>Et multa ſunt huiuſmodi apud mathema<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg532"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ticos quę in relatione poſita ſunt, vt anguli & latera oppoſita. </s> <s>Poſtremò meminiſſe oportet, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <lb></lb>vnius rei definitionem eſſe, <expan abbr="cauſſamq́ue">cauſſamque</expan> propinquam quæ abſolutè demonſtrationem efficit, vel <lb></lb><expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan>, vel eiuſmodi quę terminetur eo quod fieri nequit, vt poſteà longo ſermone declarabimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>ea verò, ſi ex multis cauſsis ordinem inter ſe habentibus componatur; nil refert. </s> <s>Sed cur non eſt <lb></lb>ſępè culpa mathematicorum, qui vera effectuum cauſſa neglecta propter difficultatem, alia pro<lb></lb>pria quæ ſint annexa, conſectantur? </s> <s>vt ſi in phyſicis cùm riſus & habilitas ad diſciplinam ſe con<lb></lb>ſequi perſpicuum ſit ex inductione, tametſi illa habilitas habet cauſſam, ob facilitatem per riſum <lb></lb><expan abbr="demõſtretur">demonſtretur</expan>. </s> <s>His ergo ſic poſitis facilè eſt diluere rationes oppoſitas. </s> <s>Nanque negatur aſſumptio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg533"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecundę rationis. </s> <s>Eam confirmant opponendo demonſtrationem 32. primi Elem. </s> <s>quæ accipiat <lb></lb>aliquid extrinſecus. </s> <s>Equidem, vt hoc gratis dabo, quòd mathematici ſępè principiis ijs videntur <lb></lb>eſſe contenti quę ſint euidentia: ſic confidentiſsimè aſſeuerabo reſolui talia principia quæ ſunt <lb></lb>euidentiſsima, in cauſſas ſui generis; vt in re noſtra exſuperantia duorum angulorum ad <expan abbr="quẽque">quenque</expan> <lb></lb>tertium, quę per <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> angulum declaratur: eſt enim ęqualis duobus oppoſitis. </s> <s>Quod deinde <pb pagenum="59"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg534"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>afferunt mathematica theoremata ex communibus effici; negatur. </s> <s>ſiquidem ad rem propoſitam <lb></lb>ex analytico præcepto contrahantur. </s> <s>Et illud etiam quòd medium non ſit ratio formalis conclu<lb></lb>ſionis; & quòd vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa plurium effectuum eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>An id ſufficit, vt talis ſit cauſſa <lb></lb>qua poſita ponatur effectus, quæcunque illa cauſſa ſit, aut in eam reſoluatur: & ſi plura ſint me<lb></lb>dia, vt ex ijs vna cauſſa fiat, aut niſi res ita ſe habeat, vitium in ratione latebit; & erit pſeudogra<lb></lb>phema, neque mathematicæ conditio; ſed demonſtrantis error erit culpandus. </s> <s>Quòd forma ca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg535"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reant mathematicæ, aut materia: tùm patebit, cum docebimus terminos eſſe formam interualli <lb></lb>quod mathematico ſubijcitur. </s> <s>& in rebus mathematicis eſt materia, ſi non ſenſilis; at quæ men<lb></lb>te comprehendi queat; & partes quæ materiæ vim obtinent: carent planè fine & efficiente, quo<lb></lb>niam cauſſæ iſtæ ſunt principia motus; mathematica verò ſunt immobilia: ſed materia quæ ſub <lb></lb>mentem cadit & forma quæ reſpondeat illi, nequaquàm. </s> <s>& id falſum eſt, quòd talium <expan abbr="quantorũ">quantorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg536"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ſit definitio. </s> <s>Ea, quæ probantur externa eſſe; ſi extrà idem ſubiectum, fateor. </s> <s>ſi verò extra <lb></lb>genus; id verò pernego. </s> <s>Addis auctoritatem Ariſtotelis negantis principia propria mathemati<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg537"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cis, te deludit ambiguum, quod culpa interpretis in codicem latinum irrepſit. </s> <s>nanque duæ ſunt <lb></lb>voces apud Græcos, quas vnico nomine proprij Latini verterunt. <foreign lang="grc">κύριον & όικεῖον</foreign>. </s> <s>Porrò <foreign lang="grc">οἰκεῖα</foreign><lb></lb>requiruntur in ſcientiis; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">κύρια</foreign> non in omni ſcientia, ſunt verò <foreign lang="grc">κύρια</foreign> præcipua & potiſsima <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg538"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg539"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſarum genera nimirum finis & efficiens, & <foreign lang="grc">κύριον</foreign> eſt auctor & caput. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hæc ergo negantur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg540"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele mathematicis. </s> <s>Dices hæc eſſe principia metaphoricè. </s> <s>An ſunt principia metapho<lb></lb>ricè mutationis, non principia ſimpliciter accepta, quòd aliquid de illorum ratione minuatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>immò ſunt principia maximè; vnde aliquid pendeat; cuius ſignum quòd illo immutato, aliquid <lb></lb>etiam ſecum immutetur, quæ nonnulli è Latinis ſic explicant, quòd ſint efficientia formaliter, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>effectiuè. </s> <s>quemadmodum forma & priuatio dicuntur agere, non quia moueant; ſed quòd ſui prę<lb></lb>ſentia faciant aliud. </s> <s>& ratio peccat à coniunctis ad diuiſa. </s> <s>De his ergo, quæ <foreign lang="grc">κύρια</foreign> ſunt; agebat <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, non de propriis, quæ quatenus ipſum inſunt. </s> <s>Neque verò rationem ſcientiæ tollit, <lb></lb>quòd principia ſint metaphoricè; ſiquidem etiam inibi conceſſerit Philoſophus idem <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> <lb></lb>genus primæ philoſophiæ, quæ eſt omnium maximè ſcientia. </s> <s>Quanquàm non erat etiam, vt ve<lb></lb>reremur aſsignare principia propria mathematicis, qui obſeruaſſemus notari <expan abbr="Bryſſonẽ">Bryſſonem</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg541"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>orbe quadrando communibus vteretur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>repudiari rationem eius à Mathematicis; necnon <lb></lb>audiſſemus Ariſtotelem nos admonentem, quemadmodum principia mathematicæ, quæ cętero<lb></lb>qui <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> numero & magnitudini videbantur; propria redderentur, nimirum quòd non ſim<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg542"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pliciter, ſed ex analogia ſumerentur. </s> <s>Quamuis autem cauſſæ omnes definiantur per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; ſubeſt <lb></lb>in dicto fallacia conſequentis. </s> <s>ſiquidem etſi omnes definiuntur per motum, non idcirco omnis <lb></lb>earum conſideratio comprehendit motum: id quod vſueuenire dicimus in mathematicis. </s> <s>& eſt <lb></lb>verè dictum ſyncategorematicè, quia ſingulæ efficiunt motum, non tamen categorematicè, quia <lb></lb>non omnibus modis acceptæ. </s> <s>Non licet etiam negare, quin externæ cauſſæ & externa quid eſt, in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg543"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>demonſtrationibus aſſumantur. </s> <s>Nanque demonſtrationes abſolui poſſunt etiam ipſis quid eſt lo<lb></lb>gicè acceptis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quòd autem varia media ſumi queant, ſi inter illa ſit ordo, concedimus: ſi minus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg544"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& hic demonſtratorem arguemus. </s> <s>Porrò quòd idem valeant demonſtratio recta, & ea quæ termi<lb></lb>natur eo quod fieri nequit; ſuo loco declarabitur. </s> <s>itaque ex hoc etiam tollitur ratio ſeptima. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tollitur autem poſtrema ratio ſignificata fallacia conſequentis. </s> <s>ſiquidem cùm ſatis ſit ad <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg545"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt ſit de ſubſtantia ſiue ſenſili, ſeu intelligenda, traducunt ſubſtantię nomen ad ſignificandam tan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg546"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tummodo ſenſilem. </s> <s>Nos autem defendimus etiam mathematicen comprehendere alterum illud <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ genus. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt dubitandum, quin mathematicæ ſint in ſcientiis collocandæ, quod <lb></lb>multi, <expan abbr="ijdemq́">ijdemque</expan>. </s> <s>philoſophi nobiliſsimi hoc tempore negant.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg547"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg495"></margin.target>a 2. Met. <lb></lb>1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg496"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 42. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg497"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg498"></margin.target>c 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg499"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg500"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg501"></margin.target>a 3. Met. <lb></lb>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg502"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg503"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg504"></margin.target>c Elen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505a"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505b"></margin.target>a 6. Met. <lb></lb>c.1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505c"></margin.target>b I. Poſt. <lb></lb> T. 42</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505d"></margin.target>c 3. Phyſ</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505e"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505f"></margin.target>d 3. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505g"></margin.target>e 13. Met. <lb></lb> c.3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505h"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505i"></margin.target>f D.T.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505j"></margin.target>g I. de an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505k"></margin.target>h Pl. 7. de <lb></lb> Rep.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505l"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505m"></margin.target>i 6. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505n"></margin.target>k 8. Polit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505o"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505p"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505q"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505r"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505s"></margin.target>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505t"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg505u"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg506"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg507"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg508"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg509"></margin.target>a 1. Eu. </s> <s>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg510"></margin.target>VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg511"></margin.target>VII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg512"></margin.target>VIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg513"></margin.target>b 4. Met. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg514"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg515"></margin.target>c 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg516"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg517"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg518"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg519"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg520"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg521"></margin.target>d 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg522"></margin.target>Hypoth. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg523"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg524"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg525"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg526"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg527"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 68.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg528"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg529"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg530"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg531"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg532"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg533"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg534"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg535"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg536"></margin.target>Ad IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg537"></margin.target>Ad V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg538"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg539"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg540"></margin.target>b 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 46.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg541"></margin.target>c 1. Poſt. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Phyſ. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Elen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg542"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg543"></margin.target>Ad VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg544"></margin.target>d 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 59.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg545"></margin.target>Ad VII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg546"></margin.target>Ad VIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg547"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Accipiat'ne primus Philoſophus à naturali ſubſtantias ſeparatas eſſe. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEQVE ab inſtituto noſtro videtur abhorrere, ſit'ne quæſtio naturalis, an diuina de eo <lb></lb>quòd ſint ſubſtantiæ prorſus à materia liberæ. </s> <s>Cùm enim ex eo poſt naturalia vocemus <lb></lb>philoſophiam diuinam, quòd naturalia theoremata ordine doctrinæ præponantur; & illud præ<lb></lb>cipuè, quòd oſtenſum eſt eſſe primum mouens omnibus modis immobile, & ob id à materia ſe<lb></lb>paratum; cenſebit aliquis eam quæſtionem eſſe naturalem. </s> <s>Et tamen profitetur Ariſtoteles ſe in <lb></lb>methodo naturali diſſerturum de formis quæ reſpiciunt materiam, diligentiorem verò tractatio<lb></lb>nem de forma aliò reiecturum, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>non ſine valida ratione pronuntiatum, quòd cùm ſint etiam <lb></lb>formæ quædam ſine materia; de his agere non erat munus philoſophi naturalis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́">Idemque</expan>. </s> <s>alibi <expan abbr="cõ-firmatum">con<lb></lb>firmatum</expan>. </s> <s>Quæcunque mouent immobilia permanentia, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non eſſe phyſicæ conſiderationis. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg548"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Neque deſunt argumenta quibus hæc pars problematis approbari poſsit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Siquidẽ">Siquidem</expan> eiuſdem men<lb></lb>tis ſit noſſe, ſit'ne res, & quid ſit. </s> <s>Verùm ſolus primus philoſophus nouit quid ſit primus motor. <lb></lb></s> <s>ergo is ſolus noſcet etiam quòd ſit. </s> <s>eſt enim forma illius motoris penitus à materia ſeiuncta, & <pb pagenum="60"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg549"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita decreuit Auicenna. </s> <s>In hanc ſententiam Auerroës Auicennæ infenſiſsimus inuehitur pluribus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg550"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & tribus potiſsimè nititur argumentis. </s> <s>Primum. </s> <s>Nulla, inquit, ſcientia probat eſſe ſuum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg551"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg552"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg553"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubiectum, ſed ipſum accipit, vt notiſsimum. </s> <s>Cùm ergo ſubſtantiæ quæ ſunt extra materiam, ſint <lb></lb>primæ philoſophiæ ſubiectum, nequit prima philoſophia illas eſſe demonſtrare. </s> <s>Deinde demon<lb></lb>ſtratio rei cuiuſpiam ad eam ſcientiam pertinet, vnde promitur medium. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan>, quòd <lb></lb>ſint ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, vtitur medio naturali, nempe motu. </s> <s>Ergo & ea demonſtratio naturalis <lb></lb>habebitur. </s> <s>Tertiò demonſtrat Ariſtoteles ſubſtantias ſeparatas eſſe 8. Phyſ. quinimo eaſdem argu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg554"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentationes ad verbum reſumit 12. poſt natural. </s> <s>Illa igitur diſputatio naturalis erit, non autem <lb></lb>diuina. </s> <s>Nam quòd 8. Phyſ. ſit pars methodi naturalis, non eſt quòd ambigamus, cum 1. de ortu <lb></lb>citetur cum libris de motu. </s> <s>Quapropter Auerroës ſic omnem controuerſiam tollere putauit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm enim de ſubſtantiis quæ ſunt extra materiam, quæſtio duplex excitari poſsit, an'ne ſint, & <lb></lb>quid ſint, priorem quæſtionem à naturali diſſoluendam eſſe cenſuit, poſteriorem verò à primo <lb></lb>philoſopho. </s> <s>Cæterùm, ſi eiuſdem mentis eſt noſſe, ſit'ne res & quid ſit. </s> <s>cùm philoſophus natu<lb></lb>ralis norit eſſe tale genus ſubſtantiæ, profectò etiam noſcet quid ipſum ſit. </s> <s>Et contrà quia primus <lb></lb>philoſophus nouit quid ipſum ſit, illud item eſſe cognoſcet. </s> <s>Itaque inanis erit illa diſtinctio de <lb></lb>quæſtionibus, quæ pertinent ad ſubſtantias ab omni materiæ concretione ſecretas. </s> <s>Prętereà con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg555"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tingeret, inquit Scotus, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> philoſophiam naturalem priorem eſſe diuina; quod quidem haberi de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg556"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bet abſurdum. </s> <s>Sed hęc fortaſſe leuia. </s> <s>Nam quantum ſpectat ad primum, noſſe licet rem eſſe bi<lb></lb>fariam, vel per ſe, hoc eſt, per ſua principia, vel per accidens, ideſt, per euenta quædam. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt, vbi ſciamus rem eſſe per accidens, vt ibidem quoque ſciamus quid eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>euenire dicebat Ariſtoteles in ſubalternis quę ſolum norunt rem eſſe per ſenſilia quę ſuperiores, <lb></lb>per ſuas cauſſas cognoſcunt. </s> <s>Ex quo item efficitur, vt argumentum Scoti nullius ſit roboris; pro<lb></lb>ptereà quòd vbi ſcientia quædam noſcat aliquid per accidens quod noſcitur ab alia per ſe; nihil <lb></lb>fortaſſe prohibet, quominus ordine doctrinæ antecedat; at ordine naturæ nequaquam; ſicuti ne<lb></lb>que etiam ſubalterna præcedit ſubalternanti natura: ſed ſiquo modo pręcedit, id ſolum eſt ordi<lb></lb>ne doctrinæ. </s> <s>quo pacto etiam naturalem diuinæ philoſophiæ præcedere non negamus. </s> <s>Illa ſine <lb></lb>dubio grauiora quæ teſtatur ipſemet Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nos admonet eſſe <expan abbr="conſiderationẽ">conſiderationem</expan> alte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg557"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rius ſcientiæ, & <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> prioris <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſit naturalis noſſe quòd ſint entia nonnulla ingenita & omnino <lb></lb>immobilia. </s> <s>prætereà docet officium eſſe primi philoſophi diſſerere vtrum è ſubſtantiis ſolæ ſenſi<lb></lb>les, an aliæ præter has exiſtant. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="quærendũ">quærendum</expan>, inquit, an præter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſit aliqua cauſſa per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg558"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe, atque illa quidem ſeparabilis. </s> <s>Clarius item 6. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> docet ad primum philoſophum pertinere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg559"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vtrunque problema, an ſint & quid ſint ſubſtantiæ ſuprà naturam. 7. <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quoque libro idem aſſerit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg560"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Necnon lib. 11. <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eandem confirmat ſententiam. </s> <s>Sed quid apertius afferri poteſt quàm ea quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg561"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pronuntiat in eodem libro? </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Non'ne etiam 12. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> has ſubſtantias eſſe demonſtrat? </s> <s>Demum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg562"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg563"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eodem libro perorans, <emph type="sup"></emph>i<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inquit ſe oſtendiſſe repetiri tale genus ſubſtantiarum. </s> <s>Quin & ipſe Auer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg564"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>roës. 1. Met. 2. Met. 4. Met. 7. & 12. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>k<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæſtionem de eo, quòd ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ ſint, ad di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg565"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uinum philoſophum pertinere teſtatur. </s> <s>Quare non ad phyſicum, vt ipſe in calce primi phyſici <lb></lb>profeſſus eſt. </s> <s>Non poſſunt ſanè qui cum aliqua diligentia legunt Ariſtotelem, id negare: ſed <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>eò confugiunt, quòd etſi eiuſmodi contemplatio diuina eſt; nihilominus non eſt ſimpliciter; ſed <lb></lb>concluſio duntaxat: nam concluditur medio naturali, ſcilicet motu. </s> <s>Indignaretur profectò hæc <lb></lb>audiens Auerroës qui theorema ad eam ſcientiam referri voluerit, vnde promitur medium. </s> <s>qua<lb></lb>re apud ipſum, ſi medium eſt phyſicum, efficitur etiam phyſicam fore concluſionem. </s> <s>Sed enim <lb></lb>hoc miſſo manifeſtiſsimè perſpiciemus, notitiam motus diuino a habitu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abhorrere. </s> <s>In primis <lb></lb>enim 4. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>l<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> docet Ariſtoteles, primi philoſophi munus eſſe contemplari omnes ſpecies entis. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg566"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg567"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>atqui motus eſt ſpecies entis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>m<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & motum igitur primus philoſophus contemplabitur. </s> <s>Prætereà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg568"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm prima philoſophia non habeat ſubalternam, ad hanc alia tranſitus fieri nequit. </s> <s>Ne igitur fiat <lb></lb>tranſitus, oportet in eadem ſcientia conſiderari definitum in qua partes definitionis habentur. </s> <s>At <lb></lb>verò partes definitionis ipſius motus ſunt de prima philoſophia. </s> <s>& motus igitur. </s> <s>Motus etenim <lb></lb>definitur. </s> <s>Actus eius quod eſt in potentia, quatenus in potentia. </s> <s>omnes autem norunt, actum & <lb></lb>poteſtatem ad diuinam methodum pertinere. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>n<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Inſuper potentia definitur per motum. </s> <s>Omitto <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg569"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam ſtudio breuitatis multa loca Alexandri & Auerrois <emph type="sup"></emph>o<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui huic ſententiæ ſubſcripſerunt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg570"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Accedit eodem, quòd termini communes qui ab Ariſtotele 5. primæ philoſophiæ deſcribuntur, <lb></lb>ex omnium philoſophorum ſententia ſunt eius methodi. </s> <s>ergo & cauſſæ. </s> <s>quare etiam cauſſa effi<lb></lb>ciens. </s> <s>Atqui genus hoc cauſſæ per motum definitur. </s> <s>& eius igitur definitio <expan abbr="partesq́">partesque</expan>. </s> <s>definitionis. <lb></lb></s> <s>quamobrem & motus per quem cauſſa efficiens definitur. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ aliquid <lb></lb>efficiunt in entibus & rebus naturalibus per motum. </s> <s>itaque etiam phyſice mouent. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>p<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed à pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg571"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mo philoſopho cognoſcendæ ſunt, vt efficiunt: ergo & per motum cognoſcantur oportet. </s> <s>Motus <lb></lb>igitur ad primum philoſophum pertinebit. </s> <s>ergo & demonſtratio quæ vtitur motu, non erit ab <lb></lb>ipſo aliena. </s> <s>Sed hæc ſatis hactenus dubitata ſint. </s> <s>nunc docebo quid ſentiam. </s> <s>id verò <expan abbr="duorũ">duorum</expan> <expan abbr="capitũ">capitum</expan> <pb pagenum="61"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg572"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>explicatione continetur. </s> <s>Primo quidem. </s> <s>Philoſophum naturalem noſſe ſolum quòd ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>materiæ immunes exiſtant. </s> <s>Altero verò Philoſophum diuinum noſſe quòd ſunt & quid ſint. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb>runtamen <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> diſparem eſſe <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> qua illas eſſe vtrique <expan abbr="cognoſcũt">cognoſcunt</expan>. </s> <s>quandò naturalis illas <lb></lb>eſſe cognoſcit per accidens potius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> per ſe, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> ex ſolo motu. </s> <s>Cęterùm non id dico, <expan abbr="phyſicũ">phyſicum</expan> <lb></lb>in earum <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> ex ſolo motu peruenire, tanquam medio, cùm & id etiam in diuina methodo <lb></lb>contingat: ſed quòd notio <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> habet de ſubſtantia illa philoſophus naturalis, ſemper includit mo<lb></lb>tum, vel quòd efficiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, mouet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> phyſicè; vel quia notatur per <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> motus. </s> <s>Nam quia <lb></lb>eſt nobis ignota, ſic deſcribatur oportet per ea quę ſunt nota nobis. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eãq́">eanque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam octauus phy<lb></lb>ſicorum pars erit methodi naturalis, tametſi explicat <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> à materia <expan abbr="ſeparatã">ſeparatam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò tale <lb></lb>ſubſtantię genus non modò mouet <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſed habet functiones proprias citrà <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> materię co<lb></lb>gnationem; neque ſunt <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> principia ſubſtantię mobilis, <expan abbr="verumetiã">verumetiam</expan> ſubſtantię ſimpliciter & ſunt <lb></lb>entia beatiſsima; neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſit alia ſcientia quę in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> ſpeculatione verſetur quę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reſpiciat <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, licet auxilio motus eius <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan> adipiſcatur. </s> <s>Itaque vt hanc <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> pręſeferunt, ſpectat <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> noſſe, quòd eſt hoc ſubſtantiæ genus. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt eius <expan abbr="explicationẽ">explicationem</expan> abſoluere <lb></lb>nequeat philoſophus naturalis, quòd habeat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> alias functiones quę lateant ipſum, quia non in<lb></lb>cludant <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. </s> <s>cùm verò primus philoſophus conſideret ens quod eſt, vel ſenſile, vel ſeparatum, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg573"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſas eius, liceat illi eius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> abſolutè tractare. </s> <s>& quà <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> eſt <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſenſilium, & qua eſt <lb></lb>res <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> à materia ſecreta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> verò eſt de quęſtione quid eſt, aſſero <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> nullo modo ad <expan abbr="phyſi-cũ">phyſi<lb></lb>cum</expan> pertinere. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> verſatur in eius cognitione per accidens, & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> cognoſcit, quà reſpicit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed primus philoſophus illius vniuerſas functiones intelligens attingit <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>. (ſiquidem in his <lb></lb>operari & eſſe <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſint, & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> quoque eſſe & eſſentia.) & ita per ſeipſam cognoſcit & quid ſit, & <lb></lb>quòd ſit. </s> <s>quanquàm habitus huiuſce notitię nulla methodo explicatur; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed eò nos deducit me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg574"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>thodus, vt <expan abbr="poſtquã">poſtquam</expan> notuerit, maximè intelligatur, & per ſeipſam. </s> <s>Ergo, inquies tu, cognoſcetur à <lb></lb>nobis eſſentia ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> à probatioribus philoſophis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conceditur. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt eſſe, & eſſentia in hoc genere ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Si igitur nouit phyſicus quae ſunt; <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> quoque <expan abbr="eſ-ſentiã">eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam</expan> noſcat oportet. </s> <s>Velim <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan> hęc dicta accipi in <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>. </s> <s>quae .ſ. </s> <s>illam attingimus, quia ſeſe <lb></lb>nobis maximè prodit: attamen quia mens <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> lumen ſuſtinere nequit; ideo negant philoſophi <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan> ſeparatorum eſſentias. </s> <s>Et planè <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> oculus noctuę <expan abbr="fontẽ">fontem</expan> lucis attingit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ipſum ferre poteſt ob <expan abbr="nimiũ">nimium</expan> <expan abbr="ſplendorẽ">ſplendorem</expan>; ſic menti noſtræ dicimus euenire. </s> <s>Iam verò quòd phy<lb></lb>ſicus noſſe nequeat <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſubſtantię ſeparatę, id omne naſcitur ex notione quam habet de illa, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg575"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cognoſcit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſam cum habitudine ad materiam, atqui illa habitudo facit, quominus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſint eſſe <lb></lb>& eſſentia in ſubſtantia ſeparata. </s> <s>ſiue vt rectius dicam, quòd nos hęc, veluti diuerſa concipimus <lb></lb>quę <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> idem reipſa ſunt; & quod per ſeipſum <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> eſt, diuiduè <expan abbr="cõprehendatur">comprehendatur</expan>; neque <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>ea ſit <expan abbr="cõplexa">complexa</expan> notitia, & in quam cadere valeat error: ſed per integumenta cognoſcitur, vt ſi <expan abbr="ſolẽ">ſolem</expan> <lb></lb>per nubem adſpexeris, totus <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cernitur, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dilucidè: ac veluti notitia ſimplici noſcuntur <lb></lb>homo & animal rationis compos, & ex toto, ſed homo <expan abbr="cõfusè">confusè</expan>, & imperfectè, animal vtens <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>diſtinctè & perfectè; ſic mentes diuinę totę, ſed confusè noſcuntur à phyſico, à primo verò philo<lb></lb>ſopho diſtinctè. </s> <s>Itaque accurata explicatio <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> ſeparatę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt muneris naturalis, ſed diuini: <lb></lb>& id ſibi voluit Ariſtoteles, vbi <expan abbr="conſiderationẽ">conſiderationem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> philoſopho naturali denegauit. </s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="cõuerto">conuerto</expan> <lb></lb>me ad rationes in fronte capitis allatas. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan> dicimus eſſe noſſe ſit'ne res, & quid <lb></lb>eſt, vbi ipſam per ſe cognoſcamus; ſecus ſi noſcatur per accidens; <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> eiuſmodi verborum <lb></lb>verus eſt ſenſus, ſicuti quòd eſt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit quęſtio ſimplex, ſyllogiſmo non oſtenditur; ſic neque ipſum <lb></lb>quid eſt: ideò nihil ad nos: ſed detur hoc. </s> <s>Ergo quia primus philoſophus nouit ſubſtantias ſepa<lb></lb>ratas per ſe, ſimul explicat vtranque quęſtionem. </s> <s>non ſic philoſophus naturalis. </s> <s>cùm ens ex acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg576"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dente cognoſcat. </s> <s>Diluuntur item rationes Auerrois. </s> <s>Nanque vbi probat primum <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>probare quòd ſint ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, quia ſuum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> eſſe probaret. </s> <s>Falsò dicimus ſumi ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg577"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantias ſeparatas eſſe ſubiectum primę philoſophiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ſit ens, quod complectitur <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> prę<lb></lb>dicamenta, eius <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> principia ſunt ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, quæ per nota nobis perſpicuæ fiunt. </s> <s>Et ſi<lb></lb>quis eas ſubiecti <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> eſſe defendere velit, ſi ſectator fuerit Auerrois, eum monebo non eſſe ab<lb></lb>ſurdum apud <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> in eadem <expan abbr="ſciẽtia">ſcientia</expan> poſſe probari; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars ſubiecti totius. </s> <s>Et quamuis ex motu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg578"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratio procedat, dicam ego <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quia notus nobis ab omni methodo vſurpari, tametſi nihil abſur<lb></lb>di <expan abbr="cõſequetur">conſequetur</expan>, ſi etiam accipiamus ipſum eſſe <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, quod pertineat ad philoſophiam diuinam. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg579"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quod obiicitur eius ſcientiæ <expan abbr="demõſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> eſſe, vnde ſumitur <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> dabo ſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> fuerit prius. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi poſterius ſit facilè negabo, vt patet, ſi ſubalternans accipiat quòd eſt à ſubalterna. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg580"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gamus <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan> ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ abſolui 8. Phyſ. cùm ibi ſolùm explicetur quoad reſpicit <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: ipſa verò alias habeat functiones à motu diſiunctas quæ ſunt officij ſuperioris. </s> <s>Video te his <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> acquieſcere, ſed nouis telis adhuc <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> nos inſurgere, quippe quae motus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit eſſe <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> de <lb></lb>prima philoſophia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> motus quo <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> ſeparatæ <expan abbr="demõſtrant">demonſtrant</expan> æternus eſt. </s> <s>atqui <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="ęternũ">ęternum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe eſt theorema <expan abbr="phyſicũ">phyſicum</expan>, nec vllo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> primi philoſophi: proinde Ariſt. </s> <s>vtit hoc medio, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> in <pb pagenum="62"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg581a"></arrow.to.target> phyſicis <expan abbr="oſtẽſo">oſtenſo</expan>, & ibi noto ex hypotheſi.<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end></s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quãuis">quamuis</expan> motus ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> quoquo pacto <arrow.to.target n="marg581b"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pertineat: at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex motu ſimpliciter efficit ille <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan>, ſed ex motu æterno, quod <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt philoſo<lb></lb>phi naturalis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Etiã">Etiam</expan> <expan abbr="qc̃">quoddam</expan> aimus, <expan abbr="ſubſtãtias">ſubſtantias</expan> à materia ſecretas, quoad ſunt principia motus, attinere ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>; </s> <s>vt verò principia ſimpliciter entis ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan>; ita oppugnabis eò promoueri <lb></lb> <expan abbr="cõcluſionem">concluſionem</expan> quo <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> effert medium. </s> <s>Cũm igitur <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ſit motus ęternus, ſolũm euehet hanc <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">de<lb></lb>monſtrationem</expan> ad <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus, quatenus huiuſmodi, nec <expan abbr="quidquã">quidquam</expan> amplius efficiet. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>confirmatur, quõd auctore Ariſtotele mouentia, quæ ſunt immobilia, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt phyſicæ <expan abbr="cõtemplationis">contempla<lb></lb>tionis</expan>.</s> <s>At .n. (vt mea fert opinio) <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modò motus eſt aliquid entis, <expan abbr="ideoq̀.">ideoque</expan> de prima philoſophia; ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motus ęternus: </s> <s>ergo vt motus à primo philoſopho tractari poſſet, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motus ęternus; qui tametſi phyſicè <expan abbr="cõcluditur">concluditur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> repugnat ordini methodi, vt eiſdem ferè modis & <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> diffe<lb></lb>rentibus attributis à diuino concludatur ea facta tran$umptione, vt quod in tali corpore naturali <lb></lb>ſpectatur, & in hoc corpore accommodetur ad ſubſtantiam ſenſilem & <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> <expan abbr="conſideratã">conſideratam</expan>; <lb></lb></s> <s>veruntamen quòd non rerum <expan abbr="ipſarũ">ipſarum</expan> foret hoc diſcrimen, ſed modi quo res ipſæ ſpectantur: hinc <lb></lb> factum eſſe veriſimile eſt, vt in methodo diuina pro <expan abbr="demõſtratis">demonſtratis</expan> accipiatur, quod item alibi nos <lb></lb>in materiæ contemplatione factum fuiſſe diximus. </s> <s>Itaque & alibi demonſtratum, & propter <expan abbr="cõmoditatem">com<lb></lb>moditatem</expan> in prima philoſophia ſuppoſitum potuit eſſe medium. </s> <s>Ad illud item quod ſecundo <arrow.to.target n="marg581c"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loco opponitur. </s> <s>Aeternitatem motus attollere mentem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> ad intium motus per ſe, nec quic<lb></lb>quam prętereà de entis principio ſignificare. </s> <s>Tametſi eſt infringere auctoritatem Philoſophi, qui <lb></lb>8. Phyſ. vtilem ſpeculationem motus eſſe teſtatur, quòd etiam recludit viam ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">πρὸς μέθοδον περὶ απχῆς τῆς πρώτης</foreign>, quibus nubis manifeſto indicatur vel diuina methodus, vel via qua diuinus perducit nos in <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> primi principij, & eius <expan abbr="cõſilium">conſilium</expan>, qui nullam aliam <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> <lb></lb> fuerit ingreſſus; </s> <s>etiam reſpondemus, cũm ex motu primo <expan abbr="cõcluditur">concluditur</expan> primus motor; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>excludi <lb></lb>primum principium: </s> <s>nanque non excluditur primus motor ratione finis.</s> <s>At hoc modo primus <lb></lb> motor eſt principium etiam in prima philoſophia: </s> <s>ſic enim eſt principium omnis entis. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb> ſic tractatur; tractatur item vt principium entis.</s> <s>Idcirco & oſtenſio diuina. </s> <s>Atqui, inquies, id non <lb></lb>poterit præstare motus, quamuis æternus: neque .n. aliò mentem noſtram deducet, niſi eò vt <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> cum relatione ad motum cognoſcamus. </s> <s>At tu nihil <expan abbr="cõcedis">concedis</expan> & aliis attributis quæ conſequantur <lb></lb>entia ſine materia, nec viribus principiorum quæ, cũ patefacta ſunt, illuſtrant mentem, vt ſeipſa <lb></lb>nobis oſtendant, & illuminent alia quæ naſcuntur ex ipſis. </s> <s>Ad tertium patet ea quæ adducuntur <lb></lb>non privare phyſicum aliqua contemplatione primarum mentium; </s> <s>ſed exquiſita earum ſpecu<arrow.to.target n="marg581d"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>latione. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> non ſunt entia naturalia; nihilominus quia mouent naturaliter; & ſunt prin<lb></lb>cipia motus naturalis, eſſe item phyſicę contemplationis. </s> <s>Ita igitur vterque philoſophus, licet di<lb></lb>uerſa ratione tractabit entia ſeparata <expan abbr="motuq̀.">motuque</expan> vtetur.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Genus ſubiectum naturalis philoſophiæ conſtituitur </s> <s>Cap. XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TAMETSI ſatis notuit quod'nam ſit propoſitum methodi naturalis, du ex obiectis rebus <lb></lb> ſcientias ſeparauimus; nanque ea ſibi vendicat phyſicus quę materiam <expan abbr="motumq̀">motumque</expan> <expan abbr="reſpiciũt">reſpiciunt</expan>: </s> <s>attamen hæ omnia ſolent ad vnum genus referri, quod vnum proprię ſubiectum eſt, quod pro<lb></lb>pter euidentiam excitat mentem noſtram ad eius principia, partes, <expan abbr="proprietatesq̀.">proprietatesque</expan> perquirendas. </s> <s>& valet, opinor, multum ad <expan abbr="abſoluendã">abſoluendam</expan> methodum & dirigendas demonſtrationes quibus ſcien<lb></lb>tia <expan abbr="cõparanda">comparanda</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Nam dum in pauca atque illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> generalia res <expan abbr="cõtrahuntur">contrahuntur</expan>, euitatur inanis <lb></lb>repetitio, dum quę <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> inſunt, in ſingulis recenſere cogimur, & dum quę ſingulis per acci<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg581e"></arrow.to.target>dens inhęrent, ad ea reuocantur quibus per ſe conueniunt.<emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end></s> <s>Itaque & hoc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="veſtigandũ">veſtigandum</expan> eſt; & <lb></lb> nos rem quæ pluribus atque illis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non ſatis certis argumentis peragi ſolet, in pauca confere<lb></lb>mus, illa <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> <expan abbr="perſequẽtes">perſequentes</expan> quę firmitatis aliquid & nouitastis in Lycęo pręſeferre videbun<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg581f"></arrow.to.target>tur. </s> <s>Etenim illud in primis accipiemus. <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end></s> <s>Vnamquanque <expan abbr="artẽ">artem</expan>, ſiue ſcientiam conſiderari poſſe, vel <arrow.to.target n="marg581g"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> vt <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> eius, qui ſcit & exercet; ex quo ſcientia definita eſt habitus demonſtratione vtens; </s> <s>ars <lb></lb>verò habitus recta ratione efficiens: vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vt <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan>, hoc eſt, quatenus <expan abbr="literarũ">literarum</expan> monimentis <lb></lb> <expan abbr="cõmendatur">commendatur</expan>, & traditur à pręceptore diſcenti. </s> <s>Sic non <expan abbr=" eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſt ethice vt habitus, & vt methodus. </s> <s>& habitus, vt in hac & cęteris artibus opere definitur. </s> <s>fruſtra .n. ſit medicus, niſi medeatur, & ędifi<lb></lb>cator, niſi ædificet. </s> <s>At methodus acquieſcit in ſola cognitione, <expan abbr="eiusq̀">eiusque</expan> <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> eſt oportuno <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>illa exquirere quę in ſola contemplatione ſunt poſita. </s> <s>Nam medico ſatis eſt, ſi de loco ſuperiore <lb></lb>doceat <expan abbr="artẽ">artem</expan>, & <expan abbr="auditorẽ">auditorem</expan> pręceptis medicis informet. </s> <s>quicquid vlterius exhibebitur iam id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> me<lb></lb>thodi, ſed habitus erit <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, quod eſt actio, vel opus. </s> <s>Non deſunt habitus, à quibus actio & ef<lb></lb>fectio nulla expectatur, ſed ſola veritas attenditur, quos ſcientiæ nomine decoramus. </s> <s>Cùm igitur <lb></lb> habitus ſit duplex, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> varia finis <expan abbr="ſubiectiq̀">ſubiectique</expan> ratio, vnde habitus definiri ſolent, ſatuenda erit. </s> <s>At<lb></lb>que in arte quę reſpicit opus vltra <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan>, alius erit finis eius partis quę methodus eſt. </s> <s>alia ma<lb></lb>teria; atque habitus ipſius. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> finis huius ſit opus: methodi verò id quod cognoscendum eſt.</s> <s>& hęc <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia methodi; habitus autem alia materia. </s> <s>Exemplig. facultatis medicæ finis eſt bona <lb></lb>valetudo, huc enim vniverſa medici munera ſpectant & hic finiuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> cui bona valetu<pb pagenum="63"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg581"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do comparatur, quod eſt corpus humanum. </s> <s>nanque illud eſt, quod affici oportet vt bene valeat: <lb></lb>hoc ſecatur, vritur, purgatur, inediam patitur, in hoc eſt bona valetudo, vt in ſubiecto. </s> <s>Sed in me<lb></lb>thodo non erit finis opus, vt bona valetudo; nihil enim docendo efficitur; ſed explicari volunt <lb></lb>cauſſæ, proprietates, & partes eius ſubiecti quod poteſt obtinere bonam valetudinem, quatenus <lb></lb>huiuſmodi. </s> <s>nanque horum noſcendorum gratia laboramus, <expan abbr="eisq́">eisque</expan>. </s> <s>cognitis acquieſcimus, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>talem reddiderit medicus auditorem, vt hæc optimè teneat, finem ſe <expan abbr="docẽdo">docendo</expan> feciſſe putat. </s> <s>& hoc <lb></lb>eſt ſubiectum, quia ſubiectum eſt id cuius principia, partes, & affectiones <expan abbr="exponũtur">exponuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Itaque <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>eſt in methodo finis & ſubiectum. </s> <s>In ſcientiis igitur, in quibus nulla ratio operis habetur, idem <lb></lb>erit ſubiectum, <expan abbr="idemq́ue">idemque</expan> finis habitus & methodi. </s> <s>quapropter etiam <foreign lang="grc">σκοπὸσ<gap></gap></foreign> ſeu propoſitum <lb></lb>vocatur à Gręcis. </s> <s>Quanquàm ego latius patere puto vim ſcopi, quàm ſubiecti. </s> <s>Quandò <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>ſcientiæ totius appello, ad quod omnia referuntur in illa ſcientia, & quod per ſe expetitur & ex<lb></lb>plicatur, <foreign lang="grc">σκαπὸν</foreign> verò, quod etiam alterius gratia tractatur. </s> <s>Sic ortum & interitum, non ſubie<lb></lb>ctum, ſed ſcopum conſtituam, quia propter aliud tractatur, illud ſubiectum perhibebo propter <lb></lb>quod conſideratur ortus. </s> <s>Itaque faciam, vt ſubiectum per omnes partes alicuius ſcientiæ perti<lb></lb>neat, vt id ad quod ſemper ea referantur quæ in ſingulis ſcientiæ partibus exponuntur non ali<lb></lb>quod generale quod partes & proprietates contineat, motus auctoritate. </s> <s>Ariſtotelis 1. Poſt. <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg582"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>analyt. </s> <s>& 4. primæ philoſophiæ, vbi ens ipſe conſtituit ſubiectum, non quod omnia generatim <lb></lb>complectitur, ſed cuius principia, partes, & propria veſtigantur. </s> <s>Hoc verò vnum eſſe debet, vel <lb></lb>vniuocè, vel vt ad vnum quod ſanè latius accipiendum eſſe duco, vt non modò illud, cuius id <lb></lb>quod primum eſt in notione formali reliquorum includatur, velut ſubſtantia in notione acciden<lb></lb>tis, verùm etiam quomodocunque in alio includatur, vt cauſſa, per quam explicatur quid eſt lo<lb></lb>gicè. </s> <s>Genus igitur, quod res materiatas & ſenſiles complecteretur, variis modis conſtituêre, qui <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis veſtigia ſecuti ſunt. </s> <s>Cùm enim ens ſimpliciter à primo philoſopho tractaretur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> reli<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg583"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ſcientiæ portionem entis acciperent, eam entis portionem vel generis ſubalterni nomine ex<lb></lb>preſſere, vtputa, ſubſtantiæ corporis, vel aliquam conditionem ad ens, ſubſtantiam, corpusúe ad<lb></lb>iecere, velut quòd ſit mobile, aut naturale. </s> <s>Sic cùm corpus eſſet per ſe quantum quod mathema<lb></lb>ticæ conſiderationis eſſe videbatur, vt ipſum à mathematico ſeiungerent, adiunxere quoque <expan abbr="cõ-ſimiles">con<lb></lb>ſimiles</expan> differentias quæ ipſum limitarent. </s> <s>Videamus nunc, quid mouerit illos, vt hoc potius, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg584"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illud approbarent. </s> <s>D. quidem Thomas accepit ens ea ratione perſuaſus, nimirum. </s> <s>Illud eſſe ſub<lb></lb>iectum, cui primo & per ſe prima affectio conueniret, atqui prima affectio motus eſt: is autem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg585"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conuenit ènti primò; ſiquidem illi primò conuenire putandum eſt, per quod definitur. </s> <s>Sed mo<lb></lb>tus definitur per ens: ita enim definitur. </s> <s>Actus eius quod eſt in potentia, quatenus in potentia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Subiectum igitur eſt ens. </s> <s>Quia verò credendum eſt D. Thomam non accepiſſe ens vniuersè: quia <lb></lb>non omnia ſunt capacia motus, Deus enim prorſus immobilis eſt veritati conſentaneum eſſe vi<lb></lb>detur, etiam ens conditione mobilitatis eſſe reſtrictum & illud ens pro ſubiecto fuiſſe receptum <lb></lb>quod haberet in ſeipſo principia motus. </s> <s>At qui ſi ita eſt, cur mobile magis appellatur, quàm na<lb></lb>turale? </s> <s>quę ratio mutandi conditionem & formulam ſubiecti? </s> <s>Rurſus cur ens potius quàm ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia? </s> <s>quandò ſubſtantia mobilis eſt, vbi in ſeipſa principia motus habeat. </s> <s>& mutatio in ſub<lb></lb>iecto videatur eſſe ſubſtantia, cùm anima ſit ſubſtantia, ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> mutatio quoque pertinere poteſt, <lb></lb>vt ipſe D. Thomas aſſeuerat, nec repugnat Ariſtoteles, qui dum motum <expan abbr="manifeſtiſsimũ">manifeſtiſsimum</expan> eſſe oſten<lb></lb>dit, etiam motum phantaſiæ complexus eſt. </s> <s>Prętereà, ſi reſtringitur ens nouam notionem facit, <lb></lb>vt cum animali rationis compos accedit. </s> <s>itaque non amplius ens ſimpliciter: aut ſi ens ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, affectio illius propria non erit: quippe quòd latius pateat ſubiectum, quàm appoſita <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mitto quòd ſubiectum debet eſſe abſolutè <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, ita vt in ea facultate cui ſubiicitur, demonſtrari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg586"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non poſsit. </s> <s>At mobile per naturale de ſubiecto <expan abbr="demõſtratur">demonſtratur</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Mitto etiam illa quę obiecit Aegi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg587"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dius, vtputa, quòd phyſica ſubalterna foret primæ philoſophiæ. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quòd ens mobile ſit <lb></lb>diuinę conſiderationis. </s> <s>quorum alterum ita probabat. </s> <s>quòd cùm ens mobile ſit pars entis, & acci<lb></lb>piat conditionem quę non fluit ab eius principiis, illi ineſt per accidens. </s> <s>at vbi condition per acci<lb></lb>dens alicui parti ſuperueniat, ibi intercedit affinitas ſubalternationis. </s> <s>Itaque phyſica erit ſubal<lb></lb>terna, id verò vt abſurdum reputari debet. </s> <s>Alterum verò quòd illa conſideratio phyſica <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet: <lb></lb>ſiquidem prima philoſophia ſpectat ens, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>partes, & modos, ac differentias per quæ illud <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> <lb></lb>proximè diuiditur. </s> <s>Ergo cùm per mobile & immobile diuidatur ens, efficitur, vt ens mobile <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſanè phyſicę ſit <expan abbr="cõtemplationis">contemplationis</expan>, ſed primę philoſophię. </s> <s>Mitto hæc, inquàm, vel quia controuerſa <lb></lb>ſunt cùm apud nos, tùm apud alios; & quia, vel non conſentiunt cum iis quę anteà conſtituimus, <lb></lb>vel quòd falſa videntur, nullam vim afferunt. </s> <s>Nam quod ad primum illud <expan abbr="ſpectat̃">ſpectatur</expan>. </s> <s>& primum & <lb></lb>ſecundum <expan abbr="cõtinent">continent</expan> propoſitiones repugnantes. </s> <s>etenim mobile, vt conditio quę per accidens enti <lb></lb>inſit, accipitur. </s> <s>poſt verò, vt pars, modus, ſeu differentia entis. </s> <s>declaret nobis animi ſui ſententiam <lb></lb>Aegidius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſi conditio per accidens eſt; ergo falſum eſt <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>: <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> quòd <expan abbr="cõſide-rare">conſide<lb></lb>rare</expan> ens mobile ſit munus primi philoſophi. </s> <s>pulla <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſcientia ſpectat illa quę inſunt per accidens. <pb pagenum="64"></pb>Quòd ſi ineſt per ſe, vt modus, vel pars, vel differentia, iam non erit phyſica ſubalterna; quandò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg588"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubalternatio poſtulat conditionem accidentariam. </s> <s>Sic nos deludit Ægidius. </s> <s>Sed eò minus hęc <lb></lb>valent apud nos, qui de ſubalternæ conditionibus diſſentimus. </s> <s>& quod attinet ad ſecundum vi<lb></lb>demus primùm ob eam rationem quàm proponit Aegidius ſic euerti omne ſubiectum phyſicę, <lb></lb>immò ſcientiarum omnium: quia nulla res eſſet quæ non eſſet pars, aut modus, aut differentia <lb></lb>entis. </s> <s>Adde & illud, quòd non differt primus philoſophus à cęteris in rebus tractandis, ſed in <lb></lb>ratione tractandi. </s> <s>quippe quòd vniuersè contempletur ea quæ reliqui ſcientes particulatim ſpe<lb></lb>ctant. </s> <s>His igitur poſterioribus repudiatis primis illis inſiſtamus. </s> <s>Eadem quoque perſuadent phy<lb></lb>ſicæ ſubiectum non eſſe ens naturale; licet hoc facilius defendi queat: cùm naturale prius eſſe <lb></lb>quàm mobile videatur: ſed quatenus ponitur ens, eiſdem difficultatibus implicatur. </s> <s>Spectemus <lb></lb>nunc, ſit'ne corpus mobile aut naturale ſubiectum. </s> <s>& planè tale ſubiectum accipiendum eſſe <lb></lb>cenſebimus, ſi conditiones intueamur quibus adſtringitur. </s> <s>Etenim phyſiologiæ ſubiectum mo<lb></lb>tu definitur. </s> <s>at motus eſt affectio corporis. </s> <s>& corporis igitur erit ſubiectum. </s> <s>Præterquàm quòd <lb></lb>teſtatur non ſemel Ariſtoteles ſcientiam de natura plurimum impendi in explicatione <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <lb></lb>& magnitudinum. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà: quia ſubiectum illud eſt, cuius principia partes & proprieta<lb></lb>tes in illa methodo ſpectantur cui ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Sed ſiquis vniuerſam phyſiologiam animo luſtret, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg589"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nihil aliud ab ea tractari cognoſcet. </s> <s>Et hoc igitur erit ſubiectum. </s> <s>Veruntamen id D. Thomæ non <lb></lb>placuit. </s> <s>cùm quia motus qui tractatur à phyſico per ea quoque pertinet quæ corpora non ſunt <lb></lb>vt motus cogitationis: tùm etiam quòd ſubiectum neque ſeorſum, ſiue ſecundum materiam, ſi<lb></lb>ue ſecundum formam, neque complexum oſtenditur. </s> <s>at mobile de corpore demonſtratur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg590"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corpus item de mobili, illud quidem ex eo quòd eſt naturale: alterum verò ex illo quòd omne <lb></lb>id quod mouetur, eſt partim in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem, & partibile igitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque minus partes & proprietates & principia ſubſtantiæ naturalis, aut mobilis explicantur à <lb></lb>phyſico quàm partes & proprietates, ac principia corporis mobilis, ſeu naturalis. </s> <s>Accedit & <lb></lb>auctoritas Ariſtotelis, qui ſubiectum phyſicæ conſtituit ſubſtantiam, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in qua ſunt principia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg591"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus & quietis. </s> <s>Itaque alij, quibuſcum ego ſentio, ſubſtantiam mobilem, ſeu naturalem phy<lb></lb>ſicæ poſuere ſubiectum. </s> <s>Quod item confirmare libet auctoritate Ariſtotelis qui, dum principia <lb></lb>talis ſubiecti ſe tradere profitetur, id verò eſt, quod habet naturam, dicit eſſe ſubſtantiam, eo <lb></lb>quòd è ſubſtantiis conſtat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Similiq́">Similique</expan>. </s> <s>modo nos ea mouent quæ ſcripſit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Scientia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg592"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg593"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de natura ferè plurima videtur circum corpora & magnitudines & horum paſsiones atque mo<lb></lb>tus; adhuc autem circum principia quæ talis ſubſtantiæ ſunt.” & cùm ignotum ſit, ſit'ne corpus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg594"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc & probandum: ſubiectum verò notiſsimum eſſe velit, mihi ſit veriſimile illud ſtatui poſſe <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam naturalem, ſeu ſubſtantiam mobilem. </s> <s>Cæterùm dicet quiſpiam, veluti ens repu<lb></lb>diatum eſt, quia non eſt proprium mobilitaris ſubiectum, nec bene congruit, cùm ratione forma<lb></lb>li; ſic neque ſubſtantia, quiddam enim amplius eſt ſubſtantia, quàm mobilitas. </s> <s>ſiquidem aliquæ <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ ſint ad quas nullo modo pertineat motus, vt illæ ſunt quæ ab omni materiæ concre<lb></lb>tione vindicantur. </s> <s>audiet is, quantum hoc valeat, ſi antè conſtituatur, quemadmodum ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia naturalis, ſeu mobilis ſit ſubiectum. </s> <s>Nam tres leges adhibendas eſſe cenſeo, ſi defendere <lb></lb>velimus tale ſubiectum. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, vt totum hoc coniunctum quod dicimus ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam mobilem, pro ſubiecto ponatur. </s> <s>Neque enim ſubſtantia ſeorſum, neque ſeorſum mobile <lb></lb>ſunt ſubiectum; ſed totum hoc quod eſt ſubſtantia mobilis; atque adeò, vt æquiualeat hoc ter<lb></lb>mino cuidam ſimplici, itaque neque mobile de ſubſtantia, neque ſubſtantia de mobili probari <lb></lb>poſſunt; id autem notum nobis eſt notitia confuſa qua ope ſenſus accedit, dum cognoſcimus <lb></lb>omnia, aut quædam moueri, vel dum nouimus eſſe motum. </s> <s>nam ſimul nouimus hoc aut illud <lb></lb>moueri. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt ſubſtantia non ſimpliciter & vniuersè ponatur ſubiectum, ſed ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg595"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia in qua motus ineſt quę eſt ſubſtantia ſenſilis, ſeu ſimplex, ſeu compoſita, & primò ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, ſi non ſecundum naturam, at nobis vndè ordine quodam cęterę ſubſtantiæ quæ ſenſum fu<lb></lb>giunt & exortes materiæ ſunt, nuncupantur. </s> <s>Itaque Platonici Deum non ſubſtantiam, ſed <foreign lang="grc">ὐπο <lb></lb>οῦσιον</foreign>, ideſt, ſupra ſubſtantiam vocant naturam proprietatem attendentes & vt eſt à noſtrate <lb></lb>ſubſtantia ſeparantes. </s> <s>Proinde vt in communibus ad vnum (id verò infrà docebimus) notio <lb></lb>ſimplex ad primum in illo ordine coarctatur, ſic euenit in notione ſubſtantiæ, hæc enim quæ ſen<lb></lb>ſilis eſt, primò concipitur, & hæc pro ſubiecto conſtituitur. </s> <s>Neque obſtat, ſi nos armis noſtris op<lb></lb>pugnare coneris; quia ſi ſuppoſitum ex adiectione conditionis arctatur; erit item confuſio in par<lb></lb>tibus methodi naturalis; quandò generalior erit animi commentatio, in qua res conſiderantur, vt <lb></lb>ſenſiles, quàm libri de elementis: oportet enim rationem formalem vniuerſa complecti. </s> <s>necnon <lb></lb>aliquid per accidens ſcientiæ ſupponetur: nam ſubſtantia per accidens eſt ſenſilis: euitamus enim <lb></lb>hæc omnia ſumentes ſubſtantiam ſenſilem ſecundum materiam: cùm in his obiectionibus accipia<lb></lb>tur ſenſile ſecundum formam. </s> <s>Tertiò mobilitas in hac ſubſtantia, ideſt habilitas ad motum nota<lb></lb>tur, non actus ipſe mouendi. </s> <s>quapropter idem eſt eſſe mobile, ac naturale; hoc eſt, quod habet <pb pagenum="65"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg596"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ſeipſo principia motus. </s> <s>& cùm motus ſit duplex, verus & metaphoricus, vt verus eſt notior <lb></lb>nobis ita mobilitas habilitatem indicabit ad verum motum primò & præcipuè, non autem ad <lb></lb>non autem ad metaphoricum. </s> <s>hæc ſubſtantia mobilis neceſſariò corpus eſt, ſolùm ab eo differt, <lb></lb>modo <expan abbr="cõcipiendi">concipiendi</expan>, ſiquidem, vniuerſalior eſt notio ſubſtantię, quàm corporis, atque vniuerſalior <lb></lb>quidem, non vniuerſitate prędicationis; totidem enim ſubiecta comprehendit ſubſtantia ſenſilis, <lb></lb>quot corpus de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, ſed vniuerſitate modi, quia ſine limitatione, ſcilicet ea<lb></lb>dem ſubſtantia comprehenditur quæ ſub nomine corporis quantitare quodammodo limitatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et cùm ens etiam in prima notione ſubſtantiam ſignificet, atque illam quidem ſenſilem, efficitur <lb></lb>item, vt ens ad eandem ſubſtantiam contrahatur. </s> <s>Ergo re uera idem ſunt ens mobile ſeu natura<lb></lb>le. </s> <s>ſubſtantia mobilis, ſeu naturalis: & corpus mobile, ſeu naturale. </s> <s>Nec vllum argumentum po<lb></lb>teſt opponi, quin his ſtantibus euerti poſsit. </s> <s>Ac primùm, quod extremo loco oppoſitum eſt, quòd <lb></lb>ſubſtantia non eſt ſubiectum congruens cum mobilitate. </s> <s>Iam enim patuit ſubſtantiam accipi, vt <lb></lb>in prima ſui notione & vt id ad quod cęteræ ſubſtantiæ referuntur. </s> <s>ea verò eſt ſenſilis ſubſtantia <lb></lb>cum qua motus conuertitur: nulla enim talis ſubſtantia eſt quæ non ſit mobilis, nec vllum mo<lb></lb>bile, quin ſit ſubſtantia ſenſilis. </s> <s>Sic contra nos argumentum D. Thomæ non valet, vbi probat <lb></lb>ens eſſe ſubiectum, non ſubſtantiam, aut corpus, quia ſit ens proprium motus ſubiectum, vt ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg597"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>definitione apparet. </s> <s>quandò ens, quod in illa definitione ſumitur, aut adæquat ſubſtantiam ſen<lb></lb>ſilem, aut vt rectius dixerim, eſſe ibi eſt non res, ſed apprædicatum, ideſt, non ſignificat vt termi<lb></lb>nus, ſed vt copula: ſed cùm dicitur eius, quod eſt, & reſoluitur copula in terminum & copulam, <lb></lb>& hoc quid communius eſſe videtur, quàm corpus & ſubſtantia. </s> <s>dico ipſum non vniuerſitate <lb></lb>prædicationis eſſe <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>, ſed vniuerſitate modi. </s> <s>Sic quoque defendetur D. Thomas qui ens <lb></lb>pro ſubiecto ſumpſit: neque enim ens vniuersè accepit, ſed quod æqui pollet ſubſtantiæ ſenſili. <lb></lb></s> <s>Iam verò quòd accipitur corpus, etiam facilè reſpondere licet; ſi ſubſtantiam ſenſilem idem eſſe <lb></lb>re cum corpore cogitemus. </s> <s>Itaque dum corpus efficitur ſubiectum motus, dum principia, partes, <lb></lb>& proprietates afferuntur, etiam talis ſubſtantia ſubiectum motus efficitur; & eius principia, par<lb></lb>tes, & proprietates explicantur. </s> <s>Nec ea nos perturbant, quæ D. Thomas oppoſuit qui in prima <lb></lb>notione mobilitatem reſpicere volumus, motum verum qui corporis eſt, non metaphoricum qui <lb></lb>eſt animi. </s> <s>Atque vbi opponitur demonſtrari id quod mouetur eſſe corpus, multos exitus habet <lb></lb>oppoſitio: tùm quia probatur de corpore motus qui eſt actus, in ratione verò ſubiecti accipitur <lb></lb>mobilitas quæ eſt habilitas. </s> <s>Prætereà non idem probatur & conſtituitur. </s> <s>conſtituitur ſanè in cor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg598"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pore mobilitas, at corpus de mobili probatur. </s> <s>Ne verò mirum videatur, vt vnum ſit <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan>, <lb></lb>& reciprocum ſit obſcurum, cùm ſępe in mathematicis vſueueniat probari reciprocum. </s> <s>quod <lb></lb>optimi mathematici docent ad 6. primi, quanquam id quod pro ſubiecto accipitur, vnum eſt vt <lb></lb>totum hoc corpus, ſeu ſubſtantia mobilis, & eſt veluti terminus ſimplex. </s> <s>ideo nullo pacto <expan abbr="demõ-ſtrationi">demon<lb></lb>ſtrationi</expan> ſubiicitur. </s> <s>De ratione autem quæ affertur è 1. de cęlo rurſus ſeſe offeret occaſio diſpu<lb></lb>tandi. </s> <s>Veruntamen & iterum repugnet quiſpiam. </s> <s>eo quòd omnes affectiones ineſſe videntur in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg599"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubiecto per rationem quam formalem vocant. </s> <s>at non per mobilitatem ineſt corpori eſſe in loco, <lb></lb>ſed per ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Prætereà ſubiectum vult eſſe vniuocum, aut ad vnum. </s> <s>Sed hoc quod nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg600"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubiectum facimus, nihil ex his eſt. </s> <s>Nanque ſubſtantia naturalis eſt, vel elementum, vel ex ele<lb></lb>mentis, & corpus cęleſte quæ nihil habent vniuocum. </s> <s>quandò differunt vt caduca & æterna. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec ſunt ad vnum. </s> <s>ſiquidem ea quæ ſunt ad vnum, ſic ſe habeant, & vnum ſit, à quo cętera mu<lb></lb>tuant eſſentiam; Sed non ita ſe habent inferiora ad cœlum. </s> <s>cuius rei ſignum: quia non vtuntur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg601"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illò in ſuis definitionibus. </s> <s>Adde etiam quòd de ſubiecto prænoſſe oportet, quòd ſit, & quid ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>At vbi'nam habetur definitio ſubſtantiæ naturalis? </s> <s>Dicimus ſanè ad primam etiam locum eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg602"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proprietatem quæ pullulat à rei natura, vt poſita res in ſua natura ſit etiam in ſuo loco. </s> <s>vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg603"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dici ſolet. </s> <s>Dans formam, quæ eſt natura; dare etiam conſequentia formam, in quibus numeratur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg604"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locus. </s> <s>eſt etiam locus naturalis terminus motus naturalis. </s> <s>Ad ſecundam ſic reſpondemus ad con<lb></lb>ſeruandam rationem eorum quæ ſunt ad vnum, ſatis eſſe, ſi prius accipiatur in quid eſt poſte<lb></lb>riorum logicè, hoc eſt, in quocunque genere cauſſæ. </s> <s>Cùm igitur cęlum habeat vim efficientis ad <lb></lb>ea quę intra orbem Lunæ continentur, ita etiam in illorum definitione comprehendetur. </s> <s>hęc nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg605"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>docuit Auerroës. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Tertia ſic tolli poterit. </s> <s>Subiectum generale cuiuſque facultatis ita ſe habere, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg606"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt genus generaliſsimum. </s> <s>quare non reſoluitur in alia principia ſuperiora. </s> <s>quocirca neque defi<lb></lb>nitione ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Verùm ſufficit inchoata quædam notitia rei illius quæ per nomen ſignificatur <lb></lb>quam vnuſquiſque etiam ſine præmonſtratore poteſt habere. </s> <s>in methodo poſteà principia ex<lb></lb>quiruntur, ex quibus conſtat. </s> <s>hanc reſolutionem ſiquis ad definitionem dirigi putet haud repu<lb></lb>gnabo (eſt enim propriè deſcriptio) atque illam colligi autumabo non Primo de cęlo, vt Auer<lb></lb>roës opinatus eſt, quoniam ibi ita definiri puto corpus naturale, quatenus continet interuallum <lb></lb>& pendet à quanto; ſed initio ſecundi. </s> <s>Phyſ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> poſtquàm explicatum eſt, quid ſit natura, & vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg607"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oſtenditur quid ſit habens <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>Sic igitur ſubſtantia naturalis ponetur phyſiologiæ <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg548"></margin.target>e 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg549"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg550"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg551"></margin.target>a 1. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Phyſ. T. <lb></lb>c. 83.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg552"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg553"></margin.target>2. Phyſ. T. <lb></lb>c. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg554"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg555"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg556"></margin.target>b 6. Met. <lb></lb><expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg557"></margin.target>c 3. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. 2. <lb></lb><lb></lb>3. Me. T. 7. <lb></lb>T. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg558"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg559"></margin.target>d T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg560"></margin.target>e T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg561"></margin.target>f c. 1. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg562"></margin.target>g c. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg563"></margin.target>h T. 29.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg564"></margin.target>i T. 30. <lb></lb>T. 41.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg565"></margin.target>k T. c. 8, 15 <lb></lb>T. c. 6. <lb></lb>T. c. 1. <lb></lb>T. c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg566"></margin.target>l T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg567"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg568"></margin.target>m 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg569"></margin.target>n 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 78.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg570"></margin.target>o 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 6. 21. 22 <lb></lb>23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg571"></margin.target>p 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg572"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg573"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg574"></margin.target>a Auer. 3. <lb></lb>de An. T. <lb></lb>c. 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg575"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg576"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg577"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg578"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg579"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg580"></margin.target>Ad IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581a"></margin.target>a 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 43. </s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581b"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581c"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581d"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581e"></margin.target>b I. de par. <lb></lb> an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581f"></margin.target>c I. Eth. <lb></lb>ad Eucl. c. I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581g"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg581"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg582"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg583"></margin.target>a 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg584"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg585"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg586"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg587"></margin.target>b 1. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg588"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg589"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg590"></margin.target>a 1. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. 5. <lb></lb><lb></lb>6. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg591"></margin.target>b 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg592"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg593"></margin.target>d 1. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg594"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg595"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg596"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg597"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg598"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg599"></margin.target>Dubitat. </s> <s>I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg600"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg601"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg602"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg603"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg604"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg605"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg606"></margin.target>a Epit. </s> <s>Me. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg607"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p><pb pagenum="66"></pb> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quo cauſſarum genere, & quatenus vtatur Philoſophus naturalis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg608"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg608"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>METHODVS naturalis ad contemplationem dirigitur, & numeratur in ſcientiis. </s> <s>Scire <lb></lb>autem eſt noſce quid, & quale ſit genus ſubiectum per proprias cauſſas, principia & ele<lb></lb>menta quæ ſcilicet in ſubiecto, per ſe & quatenus ipſum inſint, quod cùm certum genus <expan abbr="præfini-tumq́ue">præfini<lb></lb>tumque</expan> ſit, accerta ratione informatum, certas quoque proprietates <expan abbr="certasq́">certasque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſas admittit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò cauſſarum genera multa ſunt, <expan abbr="multæq́">multæque</expan>. </s> <s>eiuſdem generis cauſſæ <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> varietate contingit, <lb></lb>vt variis modis afficiantur ad ſcientias: neque omnes pariter, aut omnia cauſſarum genera per<lb></lb>quirant, aut eiuſdem generis omnibus vtantur. </s> <s>Itaque ad conſtituenda phyſiologiæ fundamen<lb></lb>ta de hac re nobis item in hac methodo tractandum eſt. </s> <s>Quia verò ab eiuſdem generis ſubiecti <lb></lb>principiis cùm demonſtratio, tùm definitio ducuntur, ad omnem quoque notitiam quouis inſtru<lb></lb>mento comparetur, inſtituta quæſtio pertinebit, & principia non cognitionis, vt aliquibus place<lb></lb>re video; ſed rei ipſius attinget quæ idem valent àc cauſſæ quarum quatuor ſpecies ſunt omni<lb></lb>bus conſpicuæ, ex quo vt materia, per quod vt forma, à quo vt efficiens, cuius gratia vt finis, ta<lb></lb>metſi veteres, cùm materiam ſolam, vt cauſſam agnoſcerent, aut ſi prætereà cauſſam mouentem <lb></lb>obſeruarent, velut Empedocles & Anaxagoras; quia tamen vel eam non vſurparent in reddenda <arrow.to.target n="marg609"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratione problematum naturalium, niſi fortè cur ita fieret à materia non ſuppeteret, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel vt fieri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg610"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſolet in iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, vt res à notiore nuncupetur; quia materia quam elementum pro<lb></lb>priè vocant, notior eſſet, eodem quoque nomine reliquas cauſſas ſignificari voluerint. </s> <s>Itaque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>diſcordia illa Empedoclea quam ſine controuerſia cauſſam efficientem ponimus ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>ipſo elementi nomine vocata eſt; de elemento, quòd primo ſignificat materiam, non principio, <lb></lb>aut cauſſa mentionem facerent. </s> <s>Quicquid igitur ſit & quomodocunque vocetur, ſeu <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <lb></lb>ſiue cauſſa, ſiue elementum, cùm ſcientia quæque ex notitia principiorum, ſeu cauſſarum, ſiue ele<lb></lb>mentorum oriatur; à nobis diſſerendum eſt, an omnia cauſſarum genera phyſicus aſſumat, & <lb></lb>omnes cauſſas ex omni genere accipiat à prima vſque ad vltimam. </s> <s>Neque enim ſolùm cauſſæ <lb></lb>genere diſcrepant, ſed in eodem genere aliqua propinquior eſt, alia remotior, vt animalis mate<lb></lb>ria proxima ſunt partes difformes, remotior vniformes, remotiſsima quatuor elementa, & ratio <lb></lb>forma hominis proxima, remotior anima: per omnes verò reſpondere liceat interrogatis cur & <lb></lb>quid aliquid ſit, vt ſigillatim vnaquæque cauſſa docet, cur & quid ſit: ita dubitari poteſt, an ad <lb></lb>abſolutam rei cuiuſque ſcientiam omnes ſimul aſſumere oporteat, ſiue genere, ſiue etiam ordine <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg611"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Et omnes ſimul accipiendas eſſe monet Ariſtoteles, dum inuehitur in <expan abbr="Anaxagorã">Anaxagoram</expan>, <lb></lb>& Democritum, qui principia rerum naturalium infinita poſuerunt; quòd ex omnibus cauſsis <lb></lb>ſcientia conſtat, ex quibus res ſcienda conſtituta eſt, quæ ſi infinitæ forent, nullo modo concipi <lb></lb>poſſent. </s> <s>Si igitur non ex omnibus cauſsis ex quibus res ſcienda conflatur, ſcientia fieret; etiam ſi <lb></lb>principia forent infinita, contingeret vt haberemus ſcientiam; nanque aliqua ſolùm ex infinitis <lb></lb>ſufficerent ex quibus efficeretur ſcientia. </s> <s>Prætereà docuit Ariſtoteles ab exemplo finis à prima <lb></lb>vſque ad ſupremam cauſſam eſſe procedendum; eſt verò illa ſuprema qua allata nihil amplius <lb></lb>inquiritur, vt cur indutus eſt pallio? </s> <s>vt prodeat in forum. </s> <s>cur hoc? </s> <s>vt offendat amicum. </s> <s>cur item <lb></lb>iſtud? </s> <s>vt ſoluat debitum. </s> <s>Contrà verò neque omnia quæ ſciri poſſunt, omnia cauſſarum genera <lb></lb>flagitant: neque item omnes à prima vſque ad vltimam accipi queunt. </s> <s>etenim ſi ex eodem gene<lb></lb>re omnes aſſumendæ ſint, in infinitum progredi cogemur, quod plurimum abhorret à ſcientia: <lb></lb>ſiquidem vt ſit Franciſcus infinita præcedant indiuidua quæ niſi extitiſſent, neque hoc exiſtere <lb></lb>poſſet. </s> <s>Et cùm res quæ ſub ſcientiam cadunt, ſint æternæ, vel mortales, & ex his quædam ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ, nonnullæ accidentia: planum ſit æterna carere efficiente naturali, quia non eſt ibi principium <lb></lb>motus quo definitur efficiens: accidentia verò forma: quandò nulla eſt qualitatis qualitas, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg612"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg613"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex accidentibus complura fine vacare, quippe quæ ex materiæ neceſsitate ſuboriantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="libẽ-ter">liben<lb></lb>ter</expan>, ſi poſſet, natura reſpueret; ex hoc genere mors eſt in brutis, & ærugo in ære; ſed tantum bo<lb></lb>num non ſine iſto paruo malo habendum eſt. </s> <s>Itaque cùm varia rerum genera ſint, nec omnia <lb></lb>cauſſas omnes admittant, <expan abbr="ſuarumq́">ſuarumque</expan>. </s> <s>rerum ex propriis ipſarum principiis ſingulæ ſcientiæ ſint <lb></lb>ſpectatrices; profectò neque omnes ſcientiæ per omnes cauſſas vnamquanque rem edocebunt, <lb></lb>neque poterunt, etiam ſi contendant: <expan abbr="multoq́ue">multoque</expan> minus id præſtabunt ſingulæ demonſtrationes, <lb></lb>aut definitiones. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò cùm id in non omnes cauſſas accipientibus, nullam habeat <expan abbr="cõ-trouerſiam">con<lb></lb>trouerſiam</expan>, neque in ſcientiis illis quæ non omnes cauſſas obſeruant, quales mathematicas eſſe <lb></lb>poſuimus in quibus nulla neque efficientis, neque boni ratio ſolet haberi. </s> <s>At ſtatuatur aliquid <lb></lb>omnes cauſſas habens ex omni ſcilicet genere ab imis vſque ad ſummas, an'ne demonſtrationes <lb></lb>eiuſmodi conſtrui poterunt quę omnes illas cauſſas complectantur, & erit'ne aliqua ſcientia quę <lb></lb>tale demonſtrationum genus vſurpare queat? </s> <s>Hìc dici conſueuit. </s> <s>Scire ſimpliciter accipi tribus <lb></lb>modis. </s> <s>etenim dicitur vbi quæque res per omnem rationem noteſcit, & ſub omni notione expli<lb></lb>catur, qua concipi poteſt, vt homo quà ens, quà ſubſtantia naturalis, quà magnitudine preditus, <pb pagenum="67"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg614"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quà ſtudioſus. </s> <s>Secundò quà ſub certa ratione conſideratur, & in certum genus refertur. </s> <s>velut <lb></lb>ſi ſpectetur, quòd ſit ſubſtantia in qua fons inſit & origo motus. </s> <s>Tertiò quoque ſimpliciter ſci<lb></lb>tur, vbi in eo genere ſub propria ratione ſpectetur, vt quatenus homo. </s> <s>Quantum certè attinet ad <lb></lb>primum illum modum ſciendi ſimpliciter, vel id omnes ſcientiæ præſtant vnà, & omnes artes & <lb></lb>facultates, aut vna erit ſcientia quæ omnem conſiderandi rationem complectetur, qualem non<lb></lb>nulli ponunt, qui vniuerſam contemplationem in tres partes diſtributam eſſe volunt, non ex re<lb></lb>rum natura, ſed ex vſu noſtro, & ob doctrinæ commoditatem, ob quam ſanè cauſſam ſæpe fit, vt <lb></lb>id quod vnius eſt methodi & loci, in aliam methodum locumúe transferatur, aut aliunde tracta<lb></lb>tum petatur. </s> <s>ita dicunt primum philoſophum tranſumpſiſſe rationes ex 8. Phyſ. & vocis tracta<lb></lb>tionem quæ loci illius propria eſt in qua ſenſilium natura declaratur, accipi è 2. de Anim. </s> <s>necnon <lb></lb>vim ridiculorum quæ ipſius eſt oratoris, à poëtarum arte deſumptam. </s> <s>Nec ratio deeſt qua con<lb></lb>firment illud admirabile. </s> <s>Quandò ſcientiæ ſe habent veluti res. </s> <s>Sed vnum eſt omnium genus ſi<lb></lb>ue vniuocum, ſiue ad vnum, nihil refert ad ſtatuendum ſcientiæ ſubiectum, nimirum ens. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>& vna ſcientia, cuius reliquæ ſint partes, quemadmodum reliqua entia ſunt partes entis. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>ſit hoc falſum, rerum obiectarum varietas monſtrat, difformitas principiorum & diſsimilis de<lb></lb>monſtrandi modus, vnde ſcientię diſtinguuntur, vt anteà viſum eſt. </s> <s>quid enim cum rebus diuinis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg615"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habet affinitatis, quòd æqualibus demptis ab aliis æqualibus reſidua ſint æqualia? </s> <s>& accuratio re<lb></lb>quiritur in mathematicis, quæ negligitur in prima philoſophia propter illiberalitatem. </s> <s>naturalis <lb></lb>flagitat demonſtrationes quæ cum ſenſu conueniant, Naturalis & mathematica res ſpeciatim <lb></lb>tractant; vniuersè prima philoſophia. </s> <s>& omnes tractare ſcientias, vt aliqua res reneatur, præter<lb></lb>quàm quòd erit Stoicorum dogmate inſiſtere, quòd idem quem <expan abbr="ſapiẽtem">ſapientem</expan> eſſe volunt, & rex erit <lb></lb>bonus, & ſutor bonus, quod riſu explodendum eſt; etiam cogetur primus philoſophus deſcende<lb></lb>re ad particularem cuiuſque rei conſiderationem, vt cum ſpectabit hominem quatenus eſt ens, <lb></lb>quod nos nulla ratione approbamus, tùm etiam ſcientiæ non habebunt præfinitas interrogatio<lb></lb>nes, ſed ſciens de omni quæſtione diſſerere valebit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi id ab Ariſtotele perpetuò negatum. <lb></lb></s> <s>atque id ipſum acceptum de ſecundo genere ſciendi ſimpliciter; planum eſt Ariſtotelem non no<lb></lb>uiſſe primum ſciendi modum; ſed planè ſecundum accepiſſe ſub quo tertius item continetur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>ſupponitur in quaque demonſtratione ratio generalis eius generis quod in ea ſcientia tractatur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>propriis veſtitur attributis. </s> <s>Nam quòd vna ſit ſcientia, quia ſit vnum rerum omnium genus; <lb></lb>nihil officit planè, etenim ſpectare licet res, vel vt habent inter ſe ordinem prædicationis, vel vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg616"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habent in ſeipſis rationem ſcibilis. </s> <s>vt ſcibiles autem habent certos terminos quibus continentur, <lb></lb>& certos tractandi modos. </s> <s>At ens cętera complectitur vt prædicabile, vnde ſcientiarum partitio <lb></lb>non accipitur. </s> <s>Non ſequitur igitur, vt etiam ſi ens de omnibus prædicetur; ſit vna ſcientia com<lb></lb>munis. </s> <s>Igitur accipiamus ſecundum genus ſciendi ſimpliciter quod ab Ariſtotele definitum fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe credimus: & cùm duo ſint cauſſarum ordines, primus qui poſitus eſt in quatuor diuerſis gene<lb></lb>ribus, alter qui gradibus cauſſarum generis eiuſdem conſiſtit; ſi primum ordinem ſpectemus, ita <lb></lb>decernetur. </s> <s>Effectum, ſeu quæſtionem non eſſe neceſſariò reſoluendam in ſingula genera cauſſa<lb></lb>rum, ſed in ea duntaxat à quibus pendet. </s> <s>Cauendum verò eſſe, vt omnia ſub illa ratione ponan<lb></lb>tur quæ illius ſcientiæ propria eſt in qua verſamur. </s> <s>vt ſi de re naturali, quatenus eſt huiuſmodi, <lb></lb>quæramus; eius ſcientiam conſequemur ex iis ipſis cauſsis quæ pertinent ad rem illam <expan abbr="conſtituẽ-dam">conſtituen<lb></lb>dam</expan>, quatenus hæc omnia continent rationem motus quo naturalis ſcientia determinatur. </s> <s>Ita <lb></lb>fiet vt mathematicus tractans quantum, etiam ſi quantum ab efficiente producatur; & ſit formę <lb></lb>inſtrumentum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>materiæ extentæ terminus, nihil horum attinget; quia repudiant hęc ab<lb></lb>ſtractionem & immobilitatem quam conſectatur mathematicus. </s> <s>Verùm quod ſpectat ad cauſſa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg617"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum gradus, res ipſa reſoluenda eſt in cauſſas vſque ſummas; modo tamen cauſſæ per ſe ad effe<lb></lb>ctum dirigantur. </s> <s>ſi minus; quantumuis ſe conſequantur, non omnes accipiendæ ſunt. </s> <s>vtputa, <lb></lb>inuentio theſauri, cauſſam habet proximam nimirum effoſsionem, effoſsio quoque <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> habet <lb></lb>cauſſam, nempe ruſticum effodientem. </s> <s>Inuentio tamen theſauri per ſe à ruſtico effodiente non <lb></lb>pendet, ſiquidem theſaurus præter ſpem <expan abbr="conſiliumq́">conſiliumque</expan>. </s> <s>effodientis inuentus fuerit. </s> <s>Quamuis ergo <lb></lb>ſit alia prima cauſſa effoſsionis, non neceſſe eſt ab ea per ſe pendere effoſsionis effectum, quando<lb></lb>quidem prima illa cauſſa non huc per ſe contendit, ſed per accidens ſolùm, effodiebat enim ruſti<lb></lb>cus terram, vt ſereret arbores, arborum ſatio per ſe optabatur; ſed dum ſationis gratia foderet, <lb></lb>euenit fortuito, vt theſaurum inueniret. </s> <s>Atque ita etiam ſi in infinitum indiuidua ſibi ſuccedant, <lb></lb>poſteriora tamen exiſtunt, & cognoſci poſſunt; proptereà quòd etſi alterum ex altero naſcitur in <lb></lb>infinitum: vt à Saturno Iuppiter, à Ioue Tantalus, non tamen Saturnus eſt per ſe cauſſa Tantali, <lb></lb>ſed per accidens. </s> <s>Quocirca non cogimur diſſoluere poſterius hoc indiuiduum in reliqua omnia <lb></lb>præcedentia, nec in immenſum, ſed in illis cauſsis acquieſcimus quas per ſe nouimus ad eius in<lb></lb>diuidui <expan abbr="propagationẽ">propagationem</expan> concurrere. </s> <s>Proinde etiam ſi Ariſtoteles omnes cauſſas in demonſtratione <lb></lb>definitioneúe ſumendas ſignificauerit, eius ſententiam vt collectim, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſtributiuè <expan abbr="pronuntiatã">pronuntiatam</expan> <pb pagenum="68"></pb>accipiemus, quòd hæc ſcientia fiat ex his cauſsis, ex aliis alia, vt quamuis phyſica demonſtret per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg618"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omnia genera cauſſarum, non tamen per illa omnia vnum quodque demonſtrare cogatur. </s> <s>Nunc <lb></lb>ad illa veniamus quorum cauſſa hæc præfati ſumus, ac doceamus quibus cauſsis, & quatenus <lb></lb>phyſicus vtatur. </s> <s>Profectò ſi phyſicus ſpectat ſubſtantias quà mobiles ſunt, mathematicus autem <lb></lb>res immobiles, <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo primus philoſophus: phyſicus ſanè cauſſas illas accipere debe<lb></lb>bit à quibus pendet motus, eas negligent primus philoſophus & mathematicus, <expan abbr="illasq́">illasque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolas reci<lb></lb>pient, quæ ſine motu ſuos præſtabunt affectus. </s> <s>hoc quidem prima fronte ſic decernendum vide<lb></lb>bitur: attamen non ſine diligenti inquiſitione approbandum; ſiquidem oporteat de cauſſarum <lb></lb>ſpeculatione diſtinguere. </s> <s>Nanque pluribus modis cauſſæ <expan abbr="principiaq́">principiaque</expan>. </s> <s>tractari poſſunt, vel vt res <lb></lb>quædam & entia abſoluta veluti Deus, quà Deus eſt; vel etiam vt cauſſæ, <expan abbr="eademq́ue">eademque</expan> tractantur, <lb></lb>quòd illarum natura & eſſentia cum diligentia veſtigetur, ſiue quod ad cognitionem <expan abbr="incomplexã">incomplexam</expan> <lb></lb>pertinet, ſiue quod ad complexam, aut in demonſtrationibus ſolùm aſſumuntur. </s> <s>Rurſus ſpecu<lb></lb>latio principiorum aut eſt habitus, aut methodi. </s> <s>Permagni verò intereſt ſit'ne ſpeculatio metho<lb></lb>di an habitus. </s> <s>Nam methodi eſſe dicitur, quia doceri poſsit; habitus autem, quia cognitio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>pendeat ex alicuius ſcientiæ fundamentis, attamen explicari aut non neceſſe ſit, aut nequeat. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>planè principiorum cognitio, quà ſunt entia & incomplexa & ab ea conſideratione abſtrahuntur <lb></lb>quæ principij, hoc eſt, relatiui cuiuſdam rationem præ ſe fert nullius eſſe methodi iure optimo iu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg619"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicabitur, quemadmodum de mente actu cenſetur ab Auerroë. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quandò explicatio methodica <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg620"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>procedendo à nobis notis ea ſolum indicat, eſſentiam per ſe menti conſiderandam relinquit, hæc <lb></lb>autem habitu ſapientiæ pollens illa contemplatur. </s> <s>Itaque cùm methodum in præſentia conſecte<lb></lb>mur, de illis diſſeramus, quà methodo ſubiiciuntur. </s> <s>Ea primum quà principia, ideſt, cum relatio<lb></lb>ne & habitudine concipiuntur: deinde vt complexa tractantur, hoc eſt, vt doceatur, hæc eſſe prin<lb></lb>cipia, neque id quiſquam negare audebit, opinor, qui primum phyſicum ſedulò obſeruabit, vbi <lb></lb>contraria prima & ſubiectum eſſe principia concluditur. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe, inquàm, hæc principia quę ſunt <lb></lb>forma, priuatio, & ſubiectum; ſed formam, priuationem & materiam eſſe principia. </s> <s>verùm quòd <lb></lb>ſint, præterquàm quòd demonſtrationi non eſt obnoxium, ſicuti docuimus antè, methodi mune<lb></lb>ra tranſilit, <expan abbr="mentiq́">mentique</expan>. </s> <s>ſoli committitur. </s> <s>Illud video non ſatis ab Ariſtotelis interpretibus animad<lb></lb>uerſum, ne dixerim, confuſum; quod eſt, cauſſam tractare & illam vſurpare in <expan abbr="demõſtrationibus">demonſtrationibus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim vt facile me oſtenſurum confido phyſicum omni cauſſarum genere demonſtrando vti, <lb></lb>sic omne cauſſarum genus cum diligentia ab ipſo tractari confurabo. </s> <s>Quòd enim per omne cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ genus demonſtret, præter Ariſtotelis teſtimonia, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ratio confirmat quæ eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Ad na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg621"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg622"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turalem philoſophiam pertinet illas cauſſas in demonſtrationibus aſſumere ex quibus pendent <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ naturales, quà naturales ſunt. </s> <s>Sed ſubſtantiæ naturales, quatenus huiuſmodi, pendent <lb></lb>ex omni genere cauſſarum. </s> <s>Et omne igitur cauſſarum genus, ad naturalem philoſophiam perti<lb></lb>nebit. </s> <s>Iam enim conſtitit ſcientiam, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> in proprio quodam genere verſari, & omneis cauſ<lb></lb>ſas in demonſtratione eſſe vſurpandas ex quibus res ipſa conſtat, quatenus in ea ſcientia tractari <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s>At verò in rebus naturalibus quà ſunt naturales, eſt forma, vt quod quid erat eſſe homi<lb></lb>nis; materia menſtrua, mouens pater, finis cuius gratia vel qui cum forma conuenit, vel eius ope<lb></lb>ratio perfecta. </s> <s>Et profectò cum rerum naturalium ingenio congruit omnis cauſſarum generis <lb></lb>aſſumptio. </s> <s>quippe quòd ſint ſuoptè nixu mobiles. </s> <s>Atqui in motu ſubiectum requiritur quod eſt <lb></lb>materia; deſideratur efficiens, vnde principium motus exiſtat. </s> <s>exoptatur finis quo efficientis ope<lb></lb>ra terminantur, flagitatur forma per quam ſit id quod natura per motum conſequi voluit; neque <lb></lb>enim mouet, in immenſum, ſed aliquid permanens mouendo cupit adipiſci, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõparato">comparato</expan> quie<lb></lb>ſcere, id autem eſt forma. </s> <s>Cęterùm hoc facilè dabitur: illud non approbabitur à pleriſque philo<lb></lb>ſophum naturalem demonſtrando accipere primam formam & primum finem, & ad id confir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg623"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mandum multa loca & rationes adducentur. </s> <s>Quoniam ea quæ conſiderat phyſicus, reſpiciunt <lb></lb>motum. </s> <s>At primus finis & prima forma ſine motu conſiſtunt & concipiuntur. </s> <s>Igitur à phyſico <lb></lb>non aſſumuntur. </s> <s>Prætereà cùm res naturales ſine motu, ſeu materia non definiantur, illæ cauſſæ <lb></lb>ſunt à phyſico aſſumendæ quæ cum motu operantur. </s> <s>Cùm ergo primus finis & prima forma ſe<lb></lb>parentur à motu; dicemus item haſce cauſſas cum ſcientia naturali non congruere. </s> <s>Tum etiam <lb></lb>ipſemet Ariſtoteles affirmat phyſicum ſpectare quæcunque mouendo mouentur, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæcunque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg624"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò manent immobilia non eſſe phyſicæ conſiderationis, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>aſſerit. </s> <s>De principio <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>formam <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vtrum vnum, an plura exquiſitè decernere alterius eſſe officij, non naturalis. </s> <s>Et multo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg625"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>clarius adhuc 1. <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> de ortu. </s> <s>aſſeuerat, de immobili principio diſtinguere prioris eſſe philoſophi. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg626"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quamobrem naturalis à cęteris philoſophijs ſeparatur, quòd motum & materiam perpetuò ſu<lb></lb>mit. </s> <s>Sed prima forma <expan abbr="primusq́">primusque</expan>. </s> <s>finis motum non reſpiciunt. </s> <s>Non ergo vſurpantur à phyſico. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed enim, ſi philoſophus naturalis aſſumere debet omneis cauſſas corporis naturalis, quatenus <lb></lb>eſt huiuſmodi, in eius verò cauſsis prima forma <expan abbr="primusq́">primusque</expan>. </s> <s>finis numerantur. (eſt enim primus fi<lb></lb>nis primum quid eſt) <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ergo & prima forma <expan abbr="primusq́">primusque</expan>. </s> <s>finis aſſumentur à philoſopho naturali. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg627"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="69"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg628"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſiquidem pluribus locis cauſſam perpetuæ ſucceſsionis in rebus caducis oſtendat eſſe primum fi<lb></lb>nem, cui omnia parent, & quod imitari cupiunt. </s> <s>Proptereà, vt omnes cauſſas ab imis vſque ad <lb></lb>ſummas adhiberi à phyſico ſuis demonſtrationibus affirmo: ſic omnes cum diligentia ab eodem <lb></lb>tractari poſſe nego; ſed eas tantùm cum diligentia in hac methodo explicandas eſſe quæ non ſe<lb></lb>parantur à motu, reliquarum explicatio diligens ſuperiori officio delegabitur. </s> <s>& cauſſa eſt, quia <lb></lb>cùm includant rationem & notionem motus, quia motus à phyſico diligentiſsimè exponitur; er<lb></lb>go, & illa, in quorum notione ineſt motus optimè à naturali cognoſcentur. </s> <s>Nam veriſimile eſt <lb></lb>ibi aliquid maximè cognoſci, vbi illud maximè cognoſcitur per quod explicatur. </s> <s>Itaque omnia <lb></lb>illa loca quæ nuper allata <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> fuerunt, oſtendent quidem naturalem philoſophum cauſſas illas <lb></lb>non exponere & pro merito tractare: nihil obſtabunt, quominus eas in demonſtrationibus vſur<lb></lb>pari poſſe credamus. </s> <s>illud ſolum perſuadebunt: demonſtrationem quę in cauſſas illas reſoluitur, <lb></lb>vt eſt ex maximè primis in hac philoſophia, ita non eſſe ex nobis notiſsimis, quòd illò phyſicæ <lb></lb>methodi vis non tuebatur. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt efficiens & materia cum omni diligentia tractentur à <lb></lb>philoſopho naturali & demonſtrationes quæ è tali cauſſarum genere conflantur in methodo na<lb></lb>turali, ſint ſuis numeris <expan abbr="partibusq́">partibusque</expan>. </s> <s>abſolutæ. </s> <s>& omnibus modis; cùm è cęteris abſolutæ quidem <lb></lb>ſint, ſed in proprio genere; quia ſcilicet illis ſit contentus, quatenus referuntur ad motum. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg629"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quicquid vlterius cognoſcitur, ſi facit ad rei notitiam pleniorem; non tamen facit ad <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> rei, <lb></lb>quatenus eſt naturalis, ſed vt cadit in aliam rationem, vtputa, entis. </s> <s>Neque obſtat quòd operen<lb></lb>tur prima forma <expan abbr="primusq́">primusque</expan>. </s> <s>finis ſine motu: quare non reſpiciant ſubſtantiam naturalem; quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>id ſibi vult illud dictum, quòd omnis earum ratio <expan abbr="notioq́">notioque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparentur à motu: ſed quòd inter re<lb></lb>liquas cauſſas hæ quoque ſine motu conſiderari queunt, cùm functiones habeant quę ſine corpo<lb></lb>re obiri poſsint. </s> <s>Ideo quatenus reſpiciunt motum, pertinent ad methodum naturalem: ſed cùm <lb></lb>habeant item alia officia quę ſegregantur à motu, illa res natura plenè cognoſci nequit à phyſico <lb></lb>qui non excedit limitibus motus, ſed ab eo philoſopho cognoſcetur qui conſiderat entia quæ <lb></lb>ſunt immobilia; hic verò eſt primus philoſophus. </s> <s>Quanquam de iis quæ nuper conſtituta ſunt, <lb></lb>non leues exiſtunt dubitationes: ſiquidem ſubiectum philoſophię naturalis perfectius in alia <expan abbr="ſciẽ-tia">ſcien<lb></lb>tia</expan>, quàm in naturali noſceretur; ibi enim perfectius noſcitur, vbi ipſius principia noſcuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quia verò facilè hoc dabis obiiciens locum Ariſtotelis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi teſtatur primi philoſophi munus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg630"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe præbere ſubiecta cęteris ſcientiis; quaſi noſcat ipſe ſolus illa eſſe ſimpliciter: animaduerte ob<lb></lb>ſecro Ariſtotelem agere de eo quòd ſint; itaque verè dicere: quandò vnus primus philoſophus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg631"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tenet rem eſſe, quatenus eſt: ſed nos hîc ſubſtantiam naturalem ſub ratione naturæ concipimus; <lb></lb>eam verò nulli notiorem fore quàm philoſopho naturali prædicamus. </s> <s>Tùm etiam ſcitu dignum <lb></lb>eſt an'ne materia plenè cognoſcatur à philoſopho naturali; ecquid'nam amplius afferat ad hanc <lb></lb>cognitionem primus philoſophus. </s> <s>At verò quantum eſt de primo: cùm ſit hoc in noſtris placitis <lb></lb>conſtitutum principia ſpectari in methodis cum habitudine ad ea quorum principia ſunt, etiam <lb></lb>ſequenti auctoritatem Ariſtotelis ſcrupulum iniiciet ea ſententia. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Siquis vnum è relatiuis di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg632"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtinctè noſſe velit, alterum quoque diſtinctè noſcat neceſſe eſt: neque enim ſatis eſt percunctanti <lb></lb>cuius ego ſim filius, ſi parentis filium me eſſe audiuerit: ſed tùm acquieſcet, ſi me Nicolai filium <lb></lb>eſſe doceatur, qui nobiles cauſſas aliquando perorarit: aliter non plus certior abierit, quàm curio<lb></lb>ſior ille qui quærens ex quodam ſeruo, quò iret, & cuius eſſet; reſponſum tulerit. </s> <s>Huc eo, heri <lb></lb>ſum ſeruos; nunquid nunc es certior? </s> <s>Hîc ego te conſiderare velim, longè aliud eſſe rei merita <lb></lb>tractare, & methodi in qua verſamur, etenim methodus procedit ex propriis, & certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> <lb></lb>terminis cohibetur: itaque ſatis eſt illi ea continere quæ ipſius propria ſunt, reliqua negligit; nec <lb></lb>idcirco quicquàm de iure ſuo deminuit rei notitia latius patet, & <expan abbr="quandoq́">quandoque</expan>. </s> <s>multarum methodo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg633"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum opem flagitat: itaque cęlum & à naturali & ab Aſtronomo conſideratur; quia ſubit diuerſas <lb></lb>rationes; cùm cęteroquin vna ſit cuiuſque methodi ratio qua determinatur: quamobrem ea prin<lb></lb>cipiorum notitia contenta eſſe debet, qua ſubiectum ſub propria ratione tractatur, vlteriorem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>requirit; & quicquid vlterius adhibetur, alienum eſt, & ad rei quidem notitiam faciens, ſed nihil <lb></lb>adiuuans illam methodum. </s> <s>Neque noſſe oportet, vt aliquem certò patrem alterius eſſe ſciamus, <lb></lb>ſit'ne animal rationis compos an brutum; neque poſtulat ea notitia certam atque accuratam fun<lb></lb>damenti, vt ita dicam, explicationem: itaque diſtincta alterius relatiui cognitio vſque ad <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> <lb></lb>terminum peruenit, & cum diſtinctione illa adhuc connexam habet aliquam confuſionem: aliter <lb></lb>immineret periculum, ne ſciremus bis duo facere quatuor, niſi perfectè ſciremus quid eſſet nume<lb></lb>rus, quid quantitas, & an ſit materię proprietas, an formę. </s> <s>neque noſſet expugnare oppidum Im<lb></lb>perator, niſi cognoſceret quid ſit victoria, quid beatitudo, & cuncta politicę principia teneret, quę <lb></lb>ſanè res eſt venia potius, quàm admiratione digna. </s> <s>Hoc iudicio <expan abbr="cõmotus">commotus</expan> Antonius apud M. Tul<lb></lb>lium <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> oratoriam facultatem modicis regionibus circunſcribit; & infinitatem illam quæſtionum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg634"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de quacunque re ſubtiliter diſceptandi negat oratori. </s> <s>Sed Ariſtotelis ipſius iudicium, & aliorum <lb></lb>philoſophorum perſequamur. </s> <s>quotasquiſque eſt ex Aſtronomis, qui de eclypſi ita diſputet, vt <pb pagenum="70"></pb>quærat, vnde opacitas Lunæ naſcatur, & quę'nam ſit corporis illius natura, è quo'nam materiæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg635"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genere conſtet, quæ ſit eius forma; vtrum'ne caducum ſit corpus, an mortale? </s> <s>eo contentus erit, <lb></lb>quòd Luna à Sole <expan abbr="lumẽ">lumen</expan> accipiat, cùm ſit corpus opacum, & eiuſmodi, vt ipſum ad nos reflectat; <lb></lb>atque vbi ex interuentu terræ lumen Solis amittat, tùm fieri eclypſin: itaque veſtigabit quo tem<lb></lb>pore terra ſic inter vtraque lumina interponatur, vt Luna in eius vmbram incurrat, & eclypſin ita <lb></lb>deſignabit. </s> <s>& illa diſcens nihilo plus erit bonus mathematicus. </s> <s>Et medicus vſque ad quendam <lb></lb>terminum materiam nerui noſcere volet; accuratam eius perquiſitionem phyſico relinquet; ni<lb></lb>hilominus Alexandro dignus eſſe poterit. </s> <s>Etiam logicus illa breui inſtructione <expan abbr="prædicamentorũ">prædicamentorum</expan> <lb></lb>contentus erit, certam doctrinam primo philoſopho delegabit. </s> <s>Ergo fines ſuos aliquando tuebi<lb></lb>tur methodus, dum rem pro ſuo munere explanabit; etiam ſi principia non pro rei dignitate, ſed <lb></lb>pro ſuo ipſius merito tractet. </s> <s>& tamen tanta lux erit principiorum, vt quamuis non abſolutè co<lb></lb>gnoſcantur; ea tamen illuſtrare queant quæ ſunt ex ipſis; & ſi non quatenus ea res pateretur, at <lb></lb>ſaltem quoad ab eius methodi profeſſore deſideratur. </s> <s>Proinde Phyſico ſat eſſe dicemus, ſi pri<lb></lb>mum motorem ſic tractet, vt reſpicit materiam ſenſilem; <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>attributa doceat, quatenus erum<lb></lb>punt ex illa habitudine; nec aliter explicatur ab ipſo, quòd eſt indiuiduus & æternus, & extra <lb></lb>omnem materiæ contagionem: quapropter omnibus modis immobilis; niſi quòd eius aliquod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg636"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>munus redundat in materiam: quod fine illa habitudine concipi poteſt, id alterius officium eſſe <lb></lb>dicimus. </s> <s>& hoc modo 3. Phyſ. pars erit noſtræ methodi; & in illo regreſſus phyſicus; ſi <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> <lb></lb>reſpicias, abſolutus; ſi rem perpendas, aliqua ex parte deficiens. </s> <s>At verò tibi fortè negotium fa<lb></lb>ceſſet, quòd ſi ita nouit phyſicus primum motorem, & eius accurata notitia pertinet ad alterum <lb></lb>philoſophum; videbitur eſſe ſubalternus, quod tamen anteà confutatum eſt: etenim non poterit <lb></lb>explicare quid ſit illud principium, nec afferre propter quid ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="oſtẽdet">oſtendet</expan> tantum quòd <lb></lb>ſit; cur ita ſit, ab altero arceſſet, atqui vbi hic gradus intercedebat; ſubalternationis ratio poneba<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Ad hoc dicam primum motorem quoque primum, quà primus eſt motor, à phyſico noſci <lb></lb>quid ſit, quantum fert eius ingenium, quod propter ſimplicitatem definitioni non eſt obnoxium: <lb></lb>deinde tum reſpondebo affinitatem eſſe ſubalternationis, vbi in genere conueniant ſubalterna & <lb></lb>ſubalternans: at cùm ſublimior ſpeculatio primi motoris ſit alterius generis; cùm hæc ſpectet ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam naturalem; illa verò ſubſtantiam ſimpliciter (etenim genus in ſcientiis à ratione formali <lb></lb>ducitur quę omnino diuerſa eſt in phyſica & prima philoſophia) non igitur erit phyſica ſubalter<lb></lb>na. </s> <s>Tertiò defendimus primum motorem ſe habere vt finem; at quę conſiderat finem, non habet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg637"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rationem ſubalternantis, ſed architectonicæ. </s> <s>Quapropter eſt gemina facultas, quæ in motoris pri<lb></lb>mi notitia vertitur; & ſingulæ in ſuo genere perfectæ. </s> <s>Tranſeo nunc ad alterum caput, quo de no<lb></lb>titia materiæ diſceptandum eſt, quo phyſicæ conceditur: nam multa contrà ſuccurrunt; ſiquidem <lb></lb>plena cuiuſque rei cognitio tunc habetur; cùm omnes cauſſæ noſcuntur ex quibus res illa pendet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed materia cauſſas omnes infert; ab omnibus pendet. </s> <s>Igitur materia cauſſarum omnium <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> <lb></lb>flagitat. </s> <s>Atqui non omnes cauſſæ cognoſcuntur à phyſico. </s> <s>Neque igitur phyſicus plenè cogno<lb></lb>ſcet materiam. </s> <s>Nanque materia formæ gratia eſt & finis; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>finem: ſine efficientis opera <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>conſequitur. </s> <s>Præterea materia, vt nobis placet, eſt poteſtas. </s> <s>ea verò ſine actu cognoſci <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg638"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Cæterùm neque actus neque poteſtas à phyſico, vel auctore Ariſtotele abſolutè cognoſcuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg639"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ergo neque materia. </s> <s>Confirmo etiam, quia formæ ſciri debet magis quàm materia. </s> <s>Sed forma <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg640"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non cognoſcitur à phyſico perfectè; multò minus igitur materia. </s> <s>Vrgebit nos item Auicenna te<lb></lb>ſte Auerroë. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quando cognitio cuiuſque rei tùm exiſtit, cum eius cauſſæ cognoſcuntur à primis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg641"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vſque ad vltimas. </s> <s>At materia prima non poteſt à phyſico noſci. </s> <s>Neque item vltima & proxima. <lb></lb></s> <s>quia omnes artifices mentionem faciunt de materia proxima, non de remota & prima, vt medi<lb></lb>cus de materia proxima nerui, quæ fortè ſunt elementa. </s> <s>Verùm phyſicus eſt artifex particularis: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg642"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neque enim ſpectat ens ſimpliciter, ſed aliqua conditione reſtrictum, vt puta mobilitate. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg643"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur phyſicus ſpectabit materiam primam. </s> <s>Tùm etiam; quòd ſi eam tractaret phyſicus, & <expan abbr="demõ-ſtrare">demon<lb></lb>ſtrare</expan> poſſet. </s> <s>non demonſtrat autem, quia principium eſt. </s> <s>Nos item in confirmationem adimus. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg644"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Prima philoſophia materiam cognoſcit. </s> <s>Sed prima philoſophia eſt maximè ſcientia, quippe quæ <lb></lb>ſciat ex maximè primis. </s> <s>Ergo & ipſa magis ſcit quàm phyſica. </s> <s>Sic materiæ tractatio non erit prę<lb></lb>cipua philoſophi naturalis. </s> <s>Sed quantum ſpectat ad Auicennæ decretum; falſum prorſus exiſti<lb></lb>mo phyſicum materiæ primæ cognitionem detrectare. </s> <s>Tùm quòd artifex, etſi materiam <expan abbr="cõmu-niſsimam">commu<lb></lb>niſsimam</expan> non ſpectat; quia certas formas ſibi propoſitas habet, vt ſtatuarum ſtatuarius; at nihilo<lb></lb>minus <expan abbr="cõſiderat">conſiderat</expan> materiam communem omnibus ſuis formis, vt marmor, aut æs. </s> <s>Itaque cùm phi<lb></lb>loſophus naturalis conſideret omnes formas naturales, etiam conſiderare cogetur materiam <expan abbr="cõ-munem">con<lb></lb>munem</expan> omnibus illis formis, hæc verò eſt materia prima; quandoquidem etiam ipſa primas ele<lb></lb>mentorum formas accipiat. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd ſi phyſicus de motu differit, etiam principia <lb></lb>motus omnia veſtigare debet in quibus cum materia prima reponatur, efficit item, vt materia pri<lb></lb>ma ſit à phyſico noſcenda. </s> <s>Quamobrem non id puto nunc in controuerſiam eſſe reuocandum; <pb pagenum="71"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg645"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tractet'ne phyſicus ſimpliciter materiam primam, quia certè tractat: ſed an'ne phyſicus magis <lb></lb>noſcat materiam primam quàm primus philoſophus. </s> <s>Rationes autem Auicennæ cum reliquis <lb></lb>poſteà diluentur. </s> <s>nam viſum eſt prius diſceptare de cauſsis, quas tractant primus philoſophus & <lb></lb>mathematicus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg609"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg610"></margin.target>a 14. Met. <lb></lb>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg611"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg612"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg613"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg614"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg615"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg616"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg617"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg618"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg619"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg620"></margin.target>a 3. de An. <lb></lb>T. c. 36.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg621"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 70. <lb></lb><lb></lb> 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg622"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg623"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg624"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 71.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg625"></margin.target>d 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 83.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg626"></margin.target>e T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg627"></margin.target>f 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg628"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg629"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg630"></margin.target>a 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg631"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg632"></margin.target>b Prædit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg633"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg634"></margin.target>c Orator.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg635"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg636"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg637"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg638"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg639"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg640"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 78. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Auicennæ <lb></lb>ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg641"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg642"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg643"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg644"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg645"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt ſe habeant cauſſæ in prima philoſophia & mathematicis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EADEM quoque diſtinctio propemodum quadrabit in primam philoſophiam. </s> <s>dicemus enim <lb></lb>genus omne cauſſarum vſurpari ab illo philoſopho demonſtrando: accuratam verò expli<lb></lb>cationem primi finis, <expan abbr="primæq́">primæque</expan>. </s> <s>formæ ſolius eſſe primi philoſophi. </s> <s>Nanque & id quod aiebat Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles, principio ſecundum ſpeciem determinare alterius quàm phyſicæ methodi munus eſſe, <lb></lb>& omnino de immobili principio ſatis perſuadent, eas cauſſas ab ipſo ſolo cum <expan abbr="diligẽtia">diligentia</expan> tractari; <lb></lb>reliquas autem cauſſas, materiam nimirum & efficiens monet Ariſtoteles in illa methodo propo<lb></lb>ni ad explicandum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi docet quatuor entium cauſſas ibi eſſe tractandas. </s> <s>Omne item cauſſę ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg646"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus accipiet in demonſtrando primus philoſophus: ſiquidem contempletur ens, quatenus ens: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg647"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>itaque contemplatur omneis cauſſas entis, quatenus ens. </s> <s>Sed omnia cauſſarum genera ſunt cauſſę <lb></lb>entis. </s> <s>Igitur & per omne cauſſarum genus demonſtrabit. </s> <s>Et cùm entium quædam ſenſilia ſint, <lb></lb>alia ſenſum fugiant, & immunia ſint à materia: ſenſilium verò principia ſint materia & efficiens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo materia & efficiens non modò à primo philoſopho tractabuntur, ſed demonſtrando item <lb></lb>accipientur. </s> <s>Itaque omne cauſſæ genus ab vtroque philoſopho aſſumetur. </s> <s>ſed ea quæ reſpiciunt <lb></lb>motum, vt ab illo ſeparari non poſsint, diligenter à phyſico tractabuntur: illa verò quę abſoluun<lb></lb>tur à motu, diligenter veſtigabit primus philoſophus, vt <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> ſpectandi ratio differens intercedat: <lb></lb>quia ſcilicet phyſicus ea cauſſarum genera tractabit, quà ſunt principia corporis naturalis; pri<lb></lb>mus autem philoſophus quatenus ſunt principia entis. </s> <s>quod item docuit <expan abbr="nõnunquàm">nonnunquàm</expan> Auerroës. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & teſtatus eſt contemplationem primi philoſophi, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> licet eadem tractet àc phyſicus eſſe <expan abbr="cõmu-">commu<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg648"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg649"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niorem, quippe qui etiam conſiderando ſenſilia ad particularia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> deſcendat. </s> <s>At verò cùm è cauſ<lb></lb>ſis quædam proximæ ſint, aliæ remotæ, ſeu quædam vniuerſales, aliæ ſpeciales, haud facilè dede<lb></lb>rim omnes æquè accipi aut ſpectari à primo philoſopho, ſicut à naturali. </s> <s>quandò primus philoſo<lb></lb>phus eſt vniuerſalis admodum, nec particularia contemplatur quæ ſpectantur à phyſico: aliter <lb></lb>cæteræ ſcientiæ redundarent. </s> <s>Proinde cauſſarum proximarum tractationem prorſus denegarem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg650"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primo philoſopho. </s> <s>& naturali committerem. </s> <s>Neque obſtant illa quæ opponi ſolent. </s> <s>vt primum <lb></lb>philoſophum non concipere motum; naturalem nihil ſine motu <expan abbr="cõprehendere">comprehendere</expan>. </s> <s>Aut etiam quòd <lb></lb>hæ methodi ſecum differunt, quòd prima philoſophia ſine motu conſiderat illa quæ naturalis <lb></lb>non diuellit à motu. </s> <s>Neque enim hæc nos ita credere cogunt, vt quæ ſine motu exiſtunt, ſic à pri<lb></lb>mo philoſopho tractentur, aut accipiantur, quin & illa ſpectet, aut aſſumat, quæ <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> reſpiciunt: <lb></lb>aut quòd phyſicus ita illa aſſumat quæ motum reſpiciunt, vt cætera negligat. </s> <s>Sed illud notant, <lb></lb>quo vtræque methodi ſeparantur. </s> <s>ex hoc enim diſtinguuntur quòd prima philoſophia cum dili<lb></lb>gentia tractat immobilia principia, phyſica verò mobilia, neque tamen ob id ab oppoſitorum no<lb></lb>titia excluduntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſufficit phyſico, ſi principia quæ ſunt immobilia conſideret, aut ſu<lb></lb>mat, quatenus reſpiciunt motum. </s> <s>Quapropter non erit ſimpliciter verum primum philoſophum <lb></lb>ſine motu & materia contemplari. </s> <s>Sed verum erit ea quæ tractat phyſicus, à materia <expan abbr="motuq́">motuque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>abſolui. </s> <s>Idcirco neque dici poterit. </s> <s>omnem conſiderationem quæ materiam <expan abbr="motumq́">motumque</expan>. </s> <s>includit, <lb></lb>eſſe naturalem. </s> <s>Sed illud verè aſſeuerabitur, omnem conſiderationem quę reſpuit motum & ma<lb></lb>teriam eſſe primi philoſophi, ſeu rectius, non naturalem, quia mathematicæ quoque repudiant <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg651"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motum. </s> <s>Ad quas nunc accedentes, ijs <expan abbr="cõſtitutis">conſtitutis</expan> quæ de illarum ingenio pluribus anteà diſputata <lb></lb>fuerunt: nimirum quòd cauſſas habent, & quòd cùm immobilia ſtatuant, fine & efficiente carent, <lb></lb>addemus. </s> <s>Si mathematicorum morem Euclidis, Archimedis, & Ptolemęi conſulamus, nullam de <lb></lb>vllo cauſſarum genere mentionem fieri intelligemus. </s> <s>Etenim ſcripſere per lemmata; rem ſcilicet <lb></lb>ipſam nudam qua ſcientia <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>, expreſſerunt, alteram, atque illam quidem neceſſariam par<lb></lb>tem omiſere, quæ pertinet ad modum ſciendi, & ad informandos animos auditorum, qua gene<lb></lb>ralia quædam capita exponuntur quibus illa ſcientia gubernatur: rerum ſcilicet conditio <expan abbr="mate-riæq́">mate<lb></lb>riæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectæ ediſſeritur, enarratur quod demonſtrationum genus admittat, & denique illa prę<lb></lb>cepta, quæ generaliter à primo philoſopho & analytico tradita ſunt, ad materiam ſubiectam ac<lb></lb>commodantur. </s> <s>Hæc ſanè omnia ab auctoribus mathematicæ neglecta, aut ſiquid ad hoc pertinet, <lb></lb>vnus Ptolemæus id præſtitit. </s> <s>Sed veriſimile eſt, ſicut Ariſtoteles in cæteris ſcientiis atque faculta<lb></lb>tibus conſcribendis perpetuò fecit; ſic & in ijs edocendis fuiſſe facturum: & ſicuti aliorum erro<lb></lb>res detexit, dum ea neglexere, quæ quatenus ipſum inſunt & aliena perſecuti ſunt; dum rationes <lb></lb>ſophiſticas, & pſeudographos adnotauit, dum rerum mathematicarum & quantitatis vim ſigni<lb></lb>ficauit, dum docuit quo'nam <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> genere definiendo <expan abbr="demonſtrandoq́">demonſtrandoque</expan>. </s> <s>vterentur, ita quoque <pb pagenum="72"></pb>in proœmijs eadem moniturum fuiſſe lectores. </s> <s>Fac igitur mathematicorum commentarios ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg652"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>methodi parte, quæ modus ſciendi vocatur, fuiſſe ſuppletos. </s> <s>cùm immobilia tractent; <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>neque de fine, neque de efficiente ſermonem ab iis fuiſſe faciendum. </s> <s>Cæterùm neque de materia <lb></lb>ſenſili, quandò ſubiicitur mutationibus. </s> <s>Itaque reſtat, vt de forma & ad ſummum de altero ma<lb></lb>teriæ genere quod intelligendum vocatur, ſermonem facturi fuerint. </s> <s>quod autem ſit id materię <lb></lb>genus poſthàc docebimus. </s> <s>At cùm mathematica ſint formæ naturales, in eo ſolum differentia, <lb></lb>quòd vt ſunt in materia ſenſili, citra notionem illius concipiuntur, ex hoc efficitur, vt iis re uera <lb></lb>materia ſupponatur, atque illa quidem ſenſilis. </s> <s>ſed id non eſt methodi mathematicæ. </s> <s>Verum<lb></lb>enimuerò, quia quantum accipitur <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>in infinitum ſectile, infinitas autem eſt à materia, quà eſt <lb></lb>interuallum: etiam quod attinet ad hanc methodum, tale materiæ genus eſt mathematici mune<lb></lb>ris. </s> <s>Nunc videndum, quo cauſſæ genere demonſtrando vtatur. </s> <s>ac de forma dubium non eſt apud <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem, aut aliquem ex eius interpretibus de genere formæ dubium eſt, & vtrum materiam <lb></lb>adhibeat <expan abbr="demõſtrando">demonſtrando</expan>, nec'ne, vulgò dicitur formam propriè non ſumi ab ipſo, ſed formam <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>appellant declarantem, hoc eſt medium, in cuius virtute concluſio noſcitur. </s> <s>Sed nos olim docui<lb></lb>mus, eaſdem eiuſdem eſſe definitiones naturales & mathematicas, & rei principia ſumi; ac ſi <expan abbr="quã-do">quan<lb></lb>do</expan> media declarantia ſolùm accipiuntur, illa in propria quid eſt adhuc reſoluenda eſſe profite<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg653"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mur, quæ tamen à mathematicis aut neglecta fuerint, quia ſatis foret illis ad vſum properantibus <lb></lb>veritatem aſſequi theorematum, aut fortaſſe ignorata, quia proprias affectiones quanti ſigillatim <lb></lb>conſectati fuerint, non eius naturam & quod per ſe ineſt in quanto. </s> <s>aut etiam non omnia quæ <lb></lb>ignorantur, eſſe obnoxia demonſtrationi, ſicut in cæteris ſcientiis, ſed aliqua à ſigno declarari, <expan abbr="nõ-nulla">non<lb></lb>nulla</expan> ſenſu ipſo patefieri, & quaſi digito indicari, quæ ſcilicet per ſe ignota non ſunt, ſed medio <lb></lb>quodammodo ſe habentia, vt neque perſpicua ſint. </s> <s>nanque hęc principia ſunt, neque per ſe igno<lb></lb>ta, quòd horum ſit demonſtratio, ſed ignota quodammodo. </s> <s>quapropter admonitione ſola, aut <lb></lb>aliquo ſigno confirmantur. </s> <s>Materiam multi negant accipere demonſtrando mathematicum. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>certè ſi (vt aiunt) mathematici non conſiderant ſubſtantiam, materia verò eſt ſubſtantia, non po<lb></lb>terunt illam aſſumere. </s> <s>Veruntamen ab Ariſtotele notatur illa demonſtratio <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua probatur an<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg654"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gulum in ſemicirculo eſſe rectum, quòd accipiat materiam. </s> <s>Nanque accipit partes. </s> <s>atqui partes <lb></lb>quanti ad totum ſunt vt materia. </s> <s>Et quod aſſumitur Mathematicum non conſiderare <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; <lb></lb>ſi id ſit non conſiderare ſubſtantiam, quod eſt rationem ſubſtantię non habere in ſuis contempla<lb></lb>tionibus, & ego quoque conſentiam: ſed ſi id ſibi velit, quia cum quanto ſubſtantiam non con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg655"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipiat, omnino negabo ob eas ſcilicet rationes quibus docuimus accidens à ſubſtantia, neque re, <lb></lb>neque cogitatione poſſe ſeparari. </s> <s>& quas ſuperius attulimus, dum de eius ſcientię meritis agere<lb></lb>mus, admonebo ſolùm ſubſtantiam illam actu non eſſe, ſiquidem inter mathematicos Aſtrologus <lb></lb>vnus, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tale genus ſubſtantiæ contempletur. </s> <s>ſed eam quæ potentia eſt, & interuallum nomine <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg656"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proprio nuncupatur, quod etiam cùm Simplicio ſubſtantiam eſſe defendemus, & à quanto diuer<lb></lb>ſam, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> atque illam dicimus, vbi ſine iis affectionibus cogitetur quæ per motum accedunt, eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg657"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiam intelligendam quæ mathematicis ſupponitur. </s> <s>Itaque aſtrologus non purè mathemati<lb></lb>cus; ſed inter mathematicos naturalis conſtituitur. </s> <s>Non ergo ſubſtantia ſimpliciter, vt cenſuit <lb></lb>Albertus, ſed poteſtate ſubſtantia: non ipſum quantum, vt ij qui ſectantur Auerroëm, licet ratio<lb></lb>nibus quibuſdam confirmare nitantur eiuſmodi ſententia. </s> <s>Tùm quòd in definitionibus quæ in <lb></lb>geometria & arithmetica ponuntur nulla materiæ notitia perſpiciatur. </s> <s>Tùm etiam, quia doceat <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles mathematicum relinquere ſolum quantum, & continuum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Atque item auctoritas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg658"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accedat Alexandri & aliorum Græcorum <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui materiam illam intelligendam; autument eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg659"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantum: quaſi verò ipſe Euclides, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dum definit vnitatem, non definiat per ſubiectum, <expan abbr="inquiẽs">inquiens</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg660"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnitatem eſſe ſecundum quam vnum quodque eorum quæ ſunt, vnum dicitur. </s> <s>& ipſe Auerroës <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg661"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in definitione quanti & continui non moneat ſubintelligendam eſſe ſubſtantiam. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Et ſiquando <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg662"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dixerint Græci quantum eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſic costueamur: quia poteſtate quantum acceperint, quod <lb></lb>Auerroës interminatum vocauit; ſi minus explodendi ſint. </s> <s>quòd ſi accipiant, vti debent, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <lb></lb>non id quod eſt actu, ſed poteſtate, pari quoque ratione Auerroës defendi poterit. </s> <s>Neque me ad<lb></lb>huc de ſententia deducere poteſt eruditiſsimus ille Pererius, dum conatur oſtendere mathemati<lb></lb>cas eſſentias & affectiones quæ de quantitate demonſtrantur, nullo modo illi conuenire in ordine <lb></lb>ad ſubſtantiam, ſed per ſe, vt eſſe diuiduum, inter ſe commetiri, admittere ęqualitatem, proportio<lb></lb>nem & cętera id genus: triangulum habere treis angulos æqualeis duobus rectis: lineam rectam <lb></lb>in puncto circulum tangere, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>multa quæ paſsim in ea diſciplina occurrunt: cuncta enim ſine <lb></lb>vllius ſubſtantiæ reſpectu, inquit, inſunt in quantitate. </s> <s>Neque enim hæc ita ſe habent ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>beneficio, ſed quantitatis vnius, vnde exiſtit extentio, terminatio, <expan abbr="omnisq́">omnisque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio deriuatur æquali<lb></lb>tatis & inæqualitatis, in quibus definiendis tota geometria planè occupatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione <lb></lb>cubum tantum ſpatij poteſt occupare, non propter ſubſtantiam, ſed per ſeipſum, vt ſi qua vis <lb></lb>tantum valeret, vt ſubſtantiam à quantitate ſeiungeret, quantitas ipſa tantundem ſpatij ſemper <pb pagenum="73"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg663"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obtineret; quemadmodum etiam ſi quantitati ſubſtantia rurſus accederet; nihilo plus ſpatij poſ<lb></lb>ſet implere. </s> <s>Siquidem hæc omnia conſiderentur in potentia quanto quod eſt materia, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex<lb></lb>plorata natura materię. </s> <s><expan abbr="docueritq́">docueritque</expan>. </s> <s>philoſophus <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> diuiſionis ex potentia quanto <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg664"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia, tanquam ex fundamento deriuari, cui terminos, quibus poſitis verè <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt, vt doce<lb></lb>bimus aliàs, qui à forma imponuntur in natura, mens ipſa conſtituit in mathematicis. </s> <s>itaque verè <lb></lb>poteſtate quantum eſt; actu ſolùm eſt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> per <expan abbr="deſignationẽ">deſignationem</expan>. </s> <s>Quapropter, non potentia quan<lb></lb>tum eſt mentis opus, ſed naturæ, ac ſiquo pacto mens in <expan abbr="quãto">quanto</expan> poſsit, illud ſit actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, quod <lb></lb>ipſa in potentia quanto deſignauit. </s> <s>Neque refert quòd eidem termini ab Ariſtotele ponantur na<lb></lb>turales & mathematici. </s> <s>Nanque & ij qui deſignantur, ſunt eorum ſimulachta qui ſunt in natura, <lb></lb>vt quadratum quod ego deſigno in charta, præſentat quadratum quod ineſt aut ineſſe poteſt in <lb></lb>corpore naturali. </s> <s>Quamobrem neque accedam ad eorum <expan abbr="ſentẽtiam">ſententiam</expan> qui defenſuri <expan abbr="mathematicũ">mathematicum</expan> <lb></lb>omne ſubſtantię genus prętermittere; ad id quod à nobis opponi ſolet. </s> <s>Poſterius à priore <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſe diſiungi, reſpondent id <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſſe, quandocunque prius in poſterioris definitione ſumatur, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ſine ipſo poſterius intelligi nequit: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id ita euenire puto in ſubſtantiam ad accidens; cùm <lb></lb>placeat & <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> in <expan abbr="accidẽtis">accidentis</expan> definitione <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan>, & <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan> ſine <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg665"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg646"></margin.target>a 1. & 2. <lb></lb>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg647"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg648"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg649"></margin.target>c 2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg650"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg651"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg652"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg653"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg654"></margin.target>a 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg655"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg656"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 44.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg657"></margin.target>c 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg658"></margin.target>d 11. Met. <lb></lb>T. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg659"></margin.target>e 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 35. 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg660"></margin.target>f 7. Elen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg661"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg662"></margin.target>g 1. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg663"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg664"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg665"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Auicennæ rationes diluuntur quibus probat materiæ primæ conſiderationem eſſe ſolius <lb></lb>primi philoſophi. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>REDEO nunc ad rationes illas quibus probari videbatur materiam primam nihil attinere <lb></lb>ad philoſophiam naturalem, ſed materiam <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> <expan abbr="primæq́">primæque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtemplationem">contemplationem</expan> eſſe ſolius <lb></lb>primi philoſophi. </s> <s>Rationes autem <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> ad idem allatæ fuerunt quibus ſigillatim reſpondere <lb></lb>oportet: ſed prius aliqua veluti fundamenta ſubiicienda ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Horũ">Horum</expan> primo ſtatuetur quot modis <lb></lb>aliquid magis ſcire contingat, altero verò quid ſibi velit id quo plurimum nititur Auicenna, nimi<lb></lb>rum primum <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> eſſe artificem <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>, phyſicum verò particularem. </s> <s>In primis igitur ſcire <lb></lb>magis eſt tum, cùm ſcitur per cauſſas id quod per effectum, & ſigna noſcebatur, ſiue id in eadem <lb></lb>ſcientia contingat, ſiue ſciatur per ſigna in ſubalterna, & in ſubalternante per cauſſas. </s> <s>Prętereà ſi<lb></lb>quid per priores cauſſas ſciatur, magis ſcitur. </s> <s>priores <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> cauſſæ ſunt, vel ex eodem genere à qui<lb></lb>bus ſcilicet effectus pendet principalius. </s> <s>vel è generibus diuerſis: quę ſeries ab Ariſtotele ſignifica<lb></lb>tur 2. Poſt. vbi materies omnium infima, finis autem <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> primus eſſe perhibetur. </s> <s>quod item & <lb></lb>ad eandem <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> & ad diuerſas pertinere poteſt. </s> <s>Et ſcire magis ille dicitur qui nobiliore modo <lb></lb>nouit quàm qui modo ignobiliore, vt Rex magis ſcit, quàm <expan abbr="cẽturio">centurio</expan>, quia quod centurio ſigillatim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg666"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nouit, ipſe rex vniuersè cognoſcit. </s> <s>Necnon magis ille ſcit, qui plura de aliqua re nouit, quàm qui <lb></lb>pauciora. </s> <s>Et ille quoque magis ſcit qui rei ipſius eſſentia & quid eſt, maximè nouit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> verò quid <lb></lb>eſt & eſſentia logicè ſumi poſsit & phyſicè: ac logicè quidem omne cauſſę genus ſit quid eſt: phy<lb></lb>ſicè vero ſola forma aut ad ſummum quod definitione ſignificatur, nos hic eſſentiam non logicè, <lb></lb>ſed phyſicè accipimus, & magis illum ſcire dicimus qui per formam nouit, & denique per intrin<lb></lb>ſeca principia. </s> <s>Et ille planè optimè ſcire videtur qui per formam nouit. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt. </s> <s>quòd de<lb></lb>finitio potiſsimè nobis euoluit illa principia quæ rem <expan abbr="cõſtituunt">conſtituunt</expan>, vt patet in iis de finitionibus quę <lb></lb>omnium perfectiſsimę ſunt; ſunt verò ſpeciei ſpecialiſsimę de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, nam <expan abbr="cõ-ſtant">con<lb></lb>ſtant</expan> è genere & differentiis quibus primum forma exprimitur, deinde materia, ex quibus res ipſa <lb></lb>conſtituta eſt: aliæ cauſſæ omittuntur, niſi fortè cùm forma <expan abbr="cõueniant">conueniant</expan>, vt in pleriſque rebus natu<lb></lb>ralibus euenit. </s> <s>ſed prorſus attenditur forma <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſicuti res obtinendo perfectionem conſecuta eſt, <lb></lb>ita mens contemplando fine ſuo potitur: materia vt formę pars eſt, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> in forma contineatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed de his aliàs. </s> <s>Vltimò ſcire dicitur hic magis, quàm alter, quòd alterius cognitio illi ſuppona<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>vt ſubalternans ſcit magis, quàm ſubalterna, quia pręter id quod rem eſſe nouit vt ſubalterna, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg667"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nouit prętereà cur ita ſit. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de ſecundo fundamento; multis item modis aliquis <lb></lb>ſciens vniuerſalis eſſe fertur. </s> <s>Etenim ille vniuerſalis qui ſpectat genus, ſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> altero conferatur qui <lb></lb>ſolam ſpeciem tractat; veluti phyſicus vniuerſalis eſt, medicus particularis, quòd ille <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>naturalium vires explorat. </s> <s>hic in homine conſiderando ſuam operam impendit. </s> <s>Proinde vniuer<lb></lb>ſales artifices appellare ſolet Ariſt. </s> <s>primum <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan>, dialecticum, & ſophiſten, addere quoque <lb></lb>licet oratorem. </s> <s>Nanque orator de <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> rebus diſſerere poteſt, de quibus dialecticus, & ſophiſtes; <lb></lb>Niſi quod hi vniuersè tractant, vt quid hominem deceat; ille quid deceat Socratem & ſigillatim <lb></lb>conſiderat. </s> <s>qui omnes ſic appellati fuiſſe videntur, quòd ens vniuersè <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> habeant, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> hanc <lb></lb>aut illam portionem entis. </s> <s>vt mathematicus habet quantum. </s> <s>Secundo loco vniuerſalis artifex ille <lb></lb>dici poteſt qui efficit id quod vult ex <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> & per accidens nec accipit propria, & per fo ſic <lb></lb>dialecticus, ſophiſtes, & orator vniuerſales ſunt: primus philoſophus non eſt vniuerſalis, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan>, <lb></lb>etſi de omni ente diſſerit, at illa quæ ſunt entis propria veſtigat, & quę per ſe inſunt, <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> <expan abbr="for-tuitaq́">for<lb></lb>tuitaque</expan>. </s> <s>reijcit. </s> <s>Tertiò vniuerſalis ille dici poteſt qui rem vniuersè conſiderat: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>tribus modis, <lb></lb>(niſi fallor) intelligi poteſt, vel quia nullis legibus obligetur, ſed euagetur quà velit, & talem vi<lb></lb>detur poſuiſſe Philoponus <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="dialecticũ">dialecticum</expan> <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>affines, quippe qui de rebus naturalibus mathema<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg668"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="74"></pb>ticis, medicis & ad alios artifices attinentibus promiſcuè diſputare valeant: itaque eiſdem auctor <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg669"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ille propria principia denegauit, attribuit aliena. </s> <s>Vel etiam vniuerſalis eſt, quia conſideret aliquid <lb></lb>nulla differentia contractum, vt ſiquis hominem <expan abbr="cõſideraret">conſideraret</expan> ſimpliciter <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> medicus obſeruaret <lb></lb>quà bonam <expan abbr="valetudinẽ">valetudinem</expan> ipſi reſtituere poſſet, aut alius, quatenus eſſet compos riſus. </s> <s>vbi ſanè nulla <lb></lb>ambitus ratio habetur, ſed notionis. </s> <s>idem enim homo eſt qui <expan abbr="cõſideratur">conſideratur</expan> ſimpliciter & per <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>indiuidua funditur, atque is in quo riſus capacitas aduertitur, aut recuperatio ſalutis, ſed <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> <lb></lb>rei notio reſtringitur acceſſu nouæ conditionis. </s> <s>Tertio dici poteſt artifex vniuerſalis qui rem ge<lb></lb>neratim conſiderat, nec ad eius ſpecies deſcendit, vt ſiquis animal conſideraret, hominis, aut equi <lb></lb>conſiderationem prætermitteret. </s> <s>His ita poſitis facile eſt diſſoluere problema & diluere rationes <lb></lb>quibus auferebatur facultas naturali philoſopho diſſerendi de materia prima, & illam plenè co<lb></lb>gnoſcendi. </s> <s><expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> eam ſic cognoſcit, vt nulla methodus plura de materia diſquirere poſ<lb></lb>ſit, nec eius internas affectiones explicare, & ſiqua ſunt quæ intrinſecus ad eius <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan> per<lb></lb>tineant, vt relatio & habitudo ad formam & compoſitum & omnino facultas, vberrime tractare <lb></lb>valeat. </s> <s>atque adeò vt ad hanc <expan abbr="tractationẽ">tractationem</expan> nihil adiungere liceat primo philoſopho. </s> <s>Idem quoque <lb></lb>philoſophus naturalis vſum & <expan abbr="miniſteriũ">miniſterium</expan> materiæ nouit & optimè tenet cuius gratia ſit inſtituta <lb></lb>materia, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> beneficio cauſſæ mouentes ad actum qui ſuus eſt finis, materia proue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg670"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hatur, & per formam euadat in naturam. </s> <s>Proinde etiam phyſicus materiæ notionem reſoluit in <lb></lb>cauſſas ſuperiores vſque ad <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> atque <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="perfectiſsimã">perfectiſsimam</expan> quæ primus eſt finis. </s> <s>Non ſic pri<lb></lb>mus philoſophus. </s> <s>quippe qui per externa principia melius <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> norit; ſed interna, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>implent cognitionem quibus nihil addit præter illa quæ naturalis philoſophus indicauit. </s> <s>& cùm <lb></lb>vniuersè cognoſcat, magis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cognoſcit, quia nobiliore quodam modo, & veluti architecton, <lb></lb>non quia tractet accuratius. </s> <s>accuratiſsimè autem tractare <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> phyſici ſolius eſt. </s> <s>vſque ad ali<lb></lb>quid planè phyſicus explanat formam; quòd forma ſimpliciter accepta aliud eſſe habet, quàm vt <lb></lb>reſpiciat materiam, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>à philoſopho naturali <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſatis explicari poteſt, ſed eſſe omnis materię po<lb></lb>ſitum eſt in habitudine ad formam illam quæ probè cognoſcitur à philoſopho naturali. </s> <s>Sed iam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg671"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pondus <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan> rationum exploremus. </s> <s>Obijcitur primùm <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> ſcientiam ex <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> <lb></lb>cognitione pendere; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> omnes <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> à phyſico noſci. </s> <s>Propoſitio fallaciam preſefert. </s> <s>quippe quòd <lb></lb>ſcientia ſit abſoluta, vbi cauſſæ internæ & <expan abbr="cõſtituentes">conſtituentes</expan> ſolum habeantur, & eſto quòd velis etiam <lb></lb>rei propoſitę notitiam in omne genus cauſſarum diſſoluere, id quoque pręſtat phyſicus. </s> <s>At non <lb></lb>nouit planè vim externarum <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>, vt primus philoſophus: fateor. </s> <s>Sed quis eſt auctor, vt ad cu<lb></lb>iusque rei <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan> in genere exacta <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> cognitio requiratur? </s> <s>ſat eſt, ſi optimè te<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg672"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neat cauſſas illas, quà reſpiciunt rem propoſitam; vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> phyſica nouit finem, non in ſe ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>ſed quatenus efficit motum in materia. </s> <s>quicquid nouit vlterius, iam non eſt officium naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atque hęc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> verè pronunciantur. </s> <s>mihi <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> magis arridet, quòd plena cuiusque rei ſcientia ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg673"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>internarum <expan abbr="proprietatũ">proprietatum</expan> notitia ducatur. </s> <s>Quod dicitur. </s> <s>Materiam quia ſit poteſtas, à phyſico <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſſe cognoſci: ſic diluitur. </s> <s>quoniam actus & poteſtas ſunt nomina ad vnum, & per alias res per<lb></lb>tinent quam naturales. </s> <s>itaque ad <expan abbr="cõmuniorem">communiorem</expan> diſciplinam ſpectant, quàm ſit naturalis. </s> <s>Sed cùm <lb></lb>aſſumuntur in certa methodo, propria fiunt eius methodi, vt de circulo <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt apud grammati<lb></lb>cos 1. Poſt. ideò quantum eſt de illorum notione quæ <expan abbr="accõmodatur">accommodatur</expan> ad phyſicen, actus & poteſtas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg674"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ibi optimè cognoſcuntur, & plus ſine dubio, quàm prima philoſophia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõfirmas">Confirmas</expan> etiam. </s> <s>quia for<lb></lb>ma cognoſcitur magis quàm materia. </s> <s>Sed forma non plenè cognoſcitur à naturali. </s> <s>Reſpondeo, <lb></lb>ſi forma cum materia conferatur, maiorem haberi cognitionem formæ quàm materiæ. </s> <s>Cæterùm <lb></lb>non id inquiritur nunc: ſed propoſita cognitione materiæ quæritur an'ne eius cognitionem, qua<lb></lb>liſcunque ſit, plenè phyſicus aſſequatur, an primus philoſophus. </s> <s>& obiectio fallaciam continet <lb></lb>elenchi. </s> <s><expan abbr="pręterquã">pręterquam</expan> quae materia cognoſcitur per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quę poſita eſt in materia: hęc verò optimè co<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg675"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gnoſcitur à phyſico. </s> <s>quapropter nihil obſtabit, quominus phyſicus, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi non ſimpliciter cogno<lb></lb>ſcat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, poſsit <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> aptè cognoſcere <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & quatenus eius <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> patitur. </s> <s>Aſſumit Auicenna <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg676"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="phyſicũ">phyſicum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="artificẽ">artificem</expan> <expan abbr="particularẽ">particularem</expan>; proinde <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> noſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>. </s> <s>certè ſi minoris ambitus eſſe vo<lb></lb>luit Auicenna <expan abbr="phyſicũ">phyſicum</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan>, mea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſententia, decipitur. </s> <s>vterque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conſide<lb></lb>rat <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ens quod in <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> <expan abbr="prędicamẽta">prędicamenta</expan> ſecatur. </s> <s>vterque primò ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan> ſpeculatur, cuius <lb></lb>accidentia <expan abbr="cauſſasq́">cauſſasque</expan>. </s> <s>vult indagare. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> aliud exprimit ens quod vel à primo philoſopho, <lb></lb>vel à dialectico tractatur, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> id quod aliqua prędicamenti formula ſignificatur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> qua (vt anteà <lb></lb><expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt) ſubſtantiæ notio ſemper exiſtit. </s> <s>Nec quae quacunque euagetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> nullus eſt artifex <lb></lb><expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>; neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dialecticus. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quaſi cancellis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> coërcentur, quos egredi non licet. </s> <s>ac <lb></lb>quęuis methodus habet <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> qua munus <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> pręſtet. </s> <s>& dialecticus illud habet, vt ex <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> progrediatur: ac niſi ita fecerit, <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> munus tranſiliat, & vt inquit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> lateat <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="ſciẽ-">ſcien<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg677"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiam faciens. </s> <s>Itaque <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> accuſare <expan abbr="Philoponũ">Philoponum</expan> qui crediderit ob id ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> omnes methodos <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> ſunt principia, cauſſę, & <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, propter dialecticen, eo quòd cauſsis, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg678"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="principiisq́">principiisque</expan>. </s> <s>careret, & diſſerens de mathematicis aſſumeret principia mathematica. </s> <s>cùm ſic de <pb pagenum="75"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg679"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>generaret in mathematicum. </s> <s>& illud ab Ariſtotele pręceptum ſit dialecticum efficere quod vult <lb></lb>ex principiis <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> & per accidens. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quin eius methodi & artis ſunt principia propria quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg680"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ſunt alterius. </s> <s>vt finis eius facultatis & loca quibus vtitur diſſerendo. </s> <s>Proinde ſi methodi li<lb></lb>mites ſpectetur, omnes habent quod ſuum eſt cuiuſque proprium, <expan abbr="cõmunitas">communitas</expan> in dialectico ſophi<lb></lb>ſta, & rhetore comperitur, quoad omnia, ſed tamen certo quodammodò ſibi vendicant. </s> <s>Reſtat <lb></lb>igitur vt primus philoſophus ſit vniuerſalis, quia ſimpliciter id ſpectet quod aliæ ſcientię <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ali<lb></lb>qua conditione conſiderant, vt ens, cùm phyſica tractet idem ens, ſed quatenus eſt naturale, aut <lb></lb>vltimò, quia rerum genera <expan abbr="notionesq́">notionesque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> inquirat. </s> <s>& hiſce modis primus philoſophus eſt <lb></lb>artifex vniuerſalis. </s> <s>Sed quia nil vetat, quominus <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ambitus ſit philoſophus naturalis: non <lb></lb>tollit etiam id, quin propter ambitum ſuum poſsit tractare materiam primam; pręſertim cum ali<lb></lb>quę res naturales ex materia prima conſtent, & forma. </s> <s>Verùm quidem eſſet id quod aſſumpſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg681"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Auicenna, ſi ita ſe haberet phyſicus ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> philoſophum vt ſpecies ad genus, ſed non eſt ita. <lb></lb></s> <s>Incidit quinta <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> in errorem <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>, quòd id quod in aliqua ſcientia tractatur, præſertim ſi fuerit <lb></lb>ſimplex, obnoxium ſit <expan abbr="demõſtrationi">demonſtrationi</expan>, cùm ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ſit obnoxium illi progreſſui, cum quo ſola <lb></lb>neceſsitas iuncta eſt, quę plus patet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſyllogiſmus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam frequentius ex reſolutione <expan abbr="noteſcũt">noteſcunt</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg682"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg683"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut admonitione perſuadentur. </s> <s>Prima verò <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> maximè cognoſcere dicimus, quia no<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg684"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>biliore modo cognoſcat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quia <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> accuratius inquirat: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> negamus ab ipſa <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan> cognoſci magis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à phyſica, ſed per interna in quibus exquiſita <expan abbr="ſciẽtia">ſcientia</expan> <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>, multò magis <lb></lb><expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> à phyſico <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à primo philoſopho noſci putamus & multò plura de illa in methodo naturali <lb></lb>tractata fuiſſe dicimus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in prima philoſophia. </s> <s>Niſi fortè, quia primo philoſopho ſupponitur <lb></lb>cognitio naturalis; ipſum aliquid vlterius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> naturalem cognoſcere fateamur. </s> <s>attamen neque id <lb></lb>prehibebit, quo minus ſi <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> munera ſeparentur plus <expan abbr="magisq́">magisque</expan>. </s> <s>noſcat de materia naturalis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>primus philoſophus. </s> <s>Nam totum id quod ſupponit primo philoſopho, proprium eſt naturalis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg666"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg667"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg668"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg669"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg670"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg671"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg672"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg673"></margin.target>Ad II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg674"></margin.target>Ad III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg675"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg676"></margin.target>Ad IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg677"></margin.target>a 1. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg678"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg679"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg680"></margin.target>a 1. Elen. <lb></lb>c. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg681"></margin.target>Ad V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg682"></margin.target>b 1. Prior.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg683"></margin.target>Ad VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg684"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm formę naturales, ſi non re, at cogitatione ſeparentur à materia, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ACCEPIMVS antè ea quæ mouendo mouentur, eſſe phyſicę contemplationis. </s> <s>hæc verò <lb></lb>ſic in materia ſunt, vt quemadmodum vulgò dici ſolet, conſtituant <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & ipſi referant <lb></lb><expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> quòd ſint. </s> <s>Itaque tale formarum genus à materia nunquam diuellitur, atque illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſili. </s> <s>Videbatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> monere nos Ariſtoteles, nec mentem quidem habere vim eas à materia ſe<lb></lb>parandi. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò Philoponus, vt perpetuus hoſtis Ariſtotelis, etiam rationibus & repu<lb></lb>gnantiis oppugnare conatur hoc decretum. </s> <s>Nequid igitur prętermittamus, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> in nobis eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg685"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod valeat ad <expan abbr="purgãdum">purgandum</expan> Ariſtotelem; libet item in hoc primo aditu methodi naturalis, huiuſ<lb></lb>modi placitum <expan abbr="perpẽdere">perpendere</expan> diligenter. </s> <s>Hęc opponit Philoponus quibus conuellat <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg686"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Primùm quidem quia <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan> aliam materię notionem habet, aliam formę: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg687"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nouit à forma. </s> <s>Quinetiam diſtinguitur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſubſtantia in tria <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> quę nonmodò viribus <lb></lb>ſed natura & eſſentia ſeparari poſſunt, materiam nimirùm, formam, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>Quòd ſi tria <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg688"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecum <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> ſunt: profectò forma citra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> concipi valebit. </s> <s>Adde etiam quòd ea nomi<lb></lb>num poteſtas eſt, vt primum ſignificent formam, mox compoſitum; poſtremò <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. </s> <s>in primo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg689"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur temporis puncto, quo mens audit & concipit ex nomine formam, non <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>, haud negari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin ſola forma <expan abbr="cõprehendatur">comprehendatur</expan> à mente, & igitur vt à materia ſeiuncta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus reſtatur Ariſt. </s> <s>è formis naturalib. <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> ſeparari poſſe. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed quid eas cogitatione ſola <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg690"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeparari profitebimur, cùm etiam reipſa ſeparari queant? </s> <s>Nanque materia <expan abbr="manẽs">manens</expan> eadem, modò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg691"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>has, modò illas formas accipit. </s> <s>Rurſus facit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> formarum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> materiam, ſiue inter<lb></lb>uallum expers <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>, ſiue ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſiue ad accidentia referantur. </s> <s>Verùm quid nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg692"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>certius optamus quàm quòd prius à poſteriore nonmodò cogitatione, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> re ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm igitur forma prior ſit quàm materia, ab ipſa quoque ſeparabitur. </s> <s>Quapropter docet Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg693"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rationem <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua formę naturales ſine materia concipiuntur; <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>verè formas eſſe aſſeuerat quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg694"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à materia ſenſili ſeuocantur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At verò ſic diſtinguitur ſcientia naturalis à cęteris, quòd ſeſe appli<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg695"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cat ad motum, & principia conſiderat eius ſubſtantiæ in qua motus initia continentur, & quod<lb></lb>cunque ipſa concipit, reſpicit materiam, ſeu poſitiuè, quia ſcilicet ortum ex materia ducat, ſeu <lb></lb>priuatiuè, quia per priuationem motus à nobis concipiatur, vel quòd habeant omnino <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <lb></lb>aff<gap></gap>natem cum motu, vt ſi <expan abbr="efficiãt">efficiant</expan> motum. </s> <s>Itaque definitiones naturales ſine motu & materia <lb></lb>non aſsignantur; ac ſiquando materiam non comprehendant ſiue obſcurè, ſeu perſpicuè; vanæ <lb></lb>perhibentur & imperfectæ. </s> <s>Sed ſit hoc huius methodi officium, quia determinetur eo, quòd id <lb></lb>quod ab ipſa <expan abbr="cõſiderat̃">conſideratur</expan>, ſemper aſpiciat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: de mentis vi diſſeramus: <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mens id <lb></lb>ſegregat à materia, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> natura poſuit in materia, quemadmodum apparet in mathematicis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam magnitudo eſt in materia, ſine ipſa tamen cogitatur. </s> <s>Iam illud nobis placere audiſti <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <lb></lb>non immutare rerum eſſentias: pendet enim à rebus obiectis, & prout ipſę ſunt, ita <expan abbr="concipiãtur">concipiantur</expan> <pb pagenum="76"></pb>quoque neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Si igitur aliquorum eſſentia <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; neque mens illam à materia ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg696"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>parabit: aliter id quod non eſt, <expan abbr="conciperet̃">conciperetur</expan>, & falſitas in termino ſimplici extaret: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſentia <lb></lb>materię adnexa, ea tamen noſcitur, vt extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. </s> <s>Et quanuis ad terminos ſimplices ignoratio <lb></lb>pertineat, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſint indiuidui, vel prorſus attinguntur, vel penitus <expan abbr="ignorãtur">ignorantur</expan>; in hac notione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg697"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>falſitas inerit, quòd partim res ipſa attingetur, partim ignorabitur: attingetur ſanè, dum <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> <lb></lb>comprehenditur, ignorabitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quòd eſſentia <expan abbr="cõcipietur">concipietur</expan> aliter àc ſit. </s> <s>Sed eius ignoratio quod <lb></lb>abſtrahere vocatur, in cauſſa eſt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> erroris: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ille qui abſtrahit, ita ſeparat, quia cogitet <lb></lb>rem aliter <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſa ſit; ſed conſeruat eſſentiam & rei naturam vt ſe habet, non cogitat de oppoſi<lb></lb>to; non accipit ac ſi hoc ſine illo ſit, ſed quod eſt in illo, accipiens <expan abbr="cõſiderat">conſiderat</expan> id quod ineſt; <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, <lb></lb>in quo ineſt, omittit; non enunciat hoc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe in hoc: nam ſic ſimplex <expan abbr="cõprehenſio">comprehenſio</expan> non eſſet, & <lb></lb>includeret falſitatem: verùm videt hoc in illo eſſe, & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> concipit primùm; partes facit quę ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò vinculo iunctę ſunt, & eas ita iunctas intelligit, ſed <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> partem ſe conuertit, quam & ſi <lb></lb>ſine altera conſiderat; non idcirco ſine altera concipit. </s> <s>Conſiderare <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt <expan abbr="contẽplari">contemplari</expan> naturam, <lb></lb>& procedere à confuſo ad <expan abbr="diſtinctũ">diſtinctum</expan>; concipere eſt ſolummodò informari, ſiue in prima & confuſa <lb></lb>notitia, ſeu cùm <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> diſtinctè nouimus, & notionibus diſtinctis informamur. </s> <s>Ecce <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> tibi <expan abbr="domi-nũ">domi<lb></lb>num</expan>; quis <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> concipiet ſine ſeruo? </s> <s>vna eſt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehenſio">comprehenſio</expan>; <expan abbr="dominũ">dominum</expan> tamen conſidero <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> con<lb></lb>ſiderato ſeruo, ideſt <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> domini exploro, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſerui, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> tamen ſine ſeruo non concipio propter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg698"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan> <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> quæ inter illos intercedit. </s> <s>alia eſt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> & ratio, ſed adeſt penden<lb></lb>tia mutua; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quæ reſpiciat eſſentiam; propter hanc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſine altero <expan abbr="neutiquã">neutiquam</expan> concipi <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ſed propter variam <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> rationem vnum ſine altero conſiderare licet; hoc non illud con<lb></lb>templor, & ſi non ſine illo cognoſco. </s> <s>ſic abſtrahendo non dico <expan abbr="mendaciũ">mendacium</expan>, quia ſimplex appre<lb></lb>hendo (huius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> notio ſimplex eſt, cùm de huius domino cogito) vniuerſam rei <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="cõcipio">concipio</expan>; <lb></lb>quod ad hoc pertinet, ſeorſum contemplor, quod ſcilicet illius eſt proprium, & in hoc munere ſic <lb></lb>affectus ſum, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam ignorantiæ redargui poſsim, quòd rem aliter intelligam, àc ſit. </s> <s>quin <lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> eſſentias ſeorſum ſumàm. </s> <s>non quòd exiſtant, ſed ratione ſolas animaduertam, quod vulgò <lb></lb>dici ſolet formaliter; ſic obſeruabo ſeparatas; vt altera, tametſi manet ſimul & indiſſolubiliter; <lb></lb>nihilominus de altera negari poſsit: hac <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratione licet dicere <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> non eſſe animal, quod hu<lb></lb>ius ratio non eſt ratio alterius; quanuis huius ratio ſine alterius ratione non <expan abbr="cõſiſtat">conſiſtat</expan>, & ita licet <lb></lb>dicere accidens non eſſe ſubſtantiam, & dominum non eſſe ſeruum, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> accidens eſt aliquid <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, & dominus ſerui dominus, quod genus abſtractionis, quia negatione exprimi poteſt, <lb></lb>non ſine cauſſa <expan abbr="cõplexum">complexum</expan> vocabimus. </s> <s>Itaque <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> eſt concipere <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> abſtrahere & conſide<lb></lb>rate, ſiquidem concipere ſit rerum formas accipere, vel vt re ipſa per ſenſus offeruntur, vel vt eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg699"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſentiæ à materia ſegregatæ & eſt officium mentis patibilis; conſiderare & abſtrahere eſt ſepara<lb></lb>te conceptas, & pertinet ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> mentem quę vocatur agens. </s> <s>aut eſt ſaltem in actu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conceptæ <lb></lb>omnes formæ ſeparantur, vt ſimitas, ſed planè ſeparatas anteà conceptas fuiſſe neceſſe eſt: conci<lb></lb>pere <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mentis eſt rudis, abſtrahere fœcundę: concipere pendet ex obiectis; abſtrahere deſcen<lb></lb>dit à mente; tametſi quae abſtrahi queat, inhęret in rei natura. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> res mathematica talis, vt ad <expan abbr="cer-tã">cer<lb></lb>tam</expan> materiam ſe non applicet & formę ex ſeipſis habent, vt & inter ſe & ab altis rebus ſeiugentur, <lb></lb>ſed abſtrahendi actus eſt ex mente & ad obiecta ipſa procedit. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõcipitur">concipitur</expan> totum, reſoluitur in par<lb></lb>tes abſtrahendo: conceptui confuſo ſuccedit abſtractio, eadem conceptui diſtinctio præcedit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam verò triplex eſt abſtractio, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> docuimus olim, & ea cuius ope concipitur <lb></lb>vniuerſale confuſum, & vbi <expan abbr="conceptũ">conceptum</expan> cùm ſenſilis materiæ ſimulachris ab ipſis abſoluitur, vel <lb></lb>vt ſenſilis eſt, vt mathematici faciunt, vel ſimpliciter, quod præſtat primus philoſophus: de po<lb></lb>ſtremis agitur in pręſentia, quæ ſunt propria mentis <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alioquin illa ſit naturæ: etenim ex vi <expan abbr="for-marũ">for<lb></lb>marum</expan> eſt, vt hoc modo moueant ſenſus, illo verò <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, ad <expan abbr="obeũdas">obeundas</expan> cęteras abſtractiones opera <lb></lb>mentis requiritur: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> nec mens per ſeipſam ſufficit: nam flagitat <expan abbr="miniſteriũ">miniſterium</expan> naturæ: vt mox <lb></lb>indicabimus: proinde efficitur, vt quot modis res ipſę diſtinguantur, totidem abſtractio fiat. </s> <s>& <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg700"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prima diſtinctio in eo quòd ſunt: Eſſe verò duplex eſt, vel exiſtere, vel id quod indicat <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>quod ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> pertinet, ea ſeorſum conſiderantur quæ ſubiecto diſcernuntur, tum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> quæ re, vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> diuerſa ſunt genera, veluti <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> & quale. </s> <s>Eſſentia <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> explicans quid eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, vel ſimpliciter, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę dialectici diſperata <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>, vel formaliter, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſſe vnius non <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſſe alterius, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, quia ſint indifferentia, vt <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> ad vnum. </s> <s>Ex his illa quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>natura priora, & <expan abbr="abſtrahũtur">abſtrahuntur</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõcipiuntur">concipiuntur</expan> ſine poſterioribus: quę vero poſteriora <expan abbr="abſtrahunt̃">abſtrahuntur</expan> <lb></lb>ſanè, ſed concipi nequeunt ſine illis. </s> <s>Ergo elementa extra <expan abbr="mixturã">mixturam</expan> cogitantur, & ſine poſte <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, & <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> ſine muſico & cygno, & cygnus ſine albedine, vt vbi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> oppoſita nigredine <expan abbr="cõ-cipitur">con<lb></lb>cipitur</expan>, etenim nihil prohibet illi concedi <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> cum eo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> implicet <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan>, <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="logicã">logicam</expan> vocant. </s> <s>Ita Deus ſine cęteris à mente quæ ſuſtineat <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <expan abbr="ſplendorẽ">ſplendorem</expan> & <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõſiderari">conſiderari</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, non ſic homo ſine animali. </s> <s>Nam Deus nulli refert <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan>, quae ſit rationis <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan>, continet ani<lb></lb>mal <expan abbr="eſsẽtiæ">eſsentiæ</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>: huic ſimilis eſt materiæ <expan abbr="formęq́">formęque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, vt mox docebimus. </s> <s>Quibus ſic ſtantibus <pb pagenum="77"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg701"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc etiam maneat <expan abbr="firmũ">firmum</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm aliud ſit concipi ab eo quod eſt conſiderari; vt negamus poſterius <lb></lb>ſine priore concipi, ſic damus ſine priore conſiderari. </s> <s>Nec me latet à nonnullis concedi poſterius <lb></lb>ſine priore concipi poſſe, in notitia confuſa. </s> <s>noui <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, ignoro tamen ſit'ne animal rationis <lb></lb>compos. </s> <s>Cæterùm quia ſunt idem homo & animal rationis compos; mihi videtur is qui <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> <lb></lb>confusè nouit, etiam <expan abbr="cõfusè">confusè</expan> noſſe animal rationis compos. </s> <s>cuius rei <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, quòd ille qui nouit <expan abbr="ho-minẽ">ho<lb></lb>minem</expan> confusè, non audebit negare ipſum animal eſſe: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in ea notitia quamuis rudi, concipiet <lb></lb>aut enuntiabit <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> non eſſe animal, quod ſanè facere poſſet, ſi in ea notitia hominis notio ab <lb></lb>animalis notione non penderet: idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> foret àc ſi per accidens coniuncta eſſent in quibus non <lb></lb>repugnat oppoſitum, veluti de cygno & nigro dictum fuit. </s> <s>quòd ſi nouit mens inferri repugnan<lb></lb>tiam, vbi animal hominem non eſſe cogiter, iam hominem ſub animalis notione comprehendit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex his Philoponi rationes facilè diluuntur. </s> <s>Nam tres illæ primæ confundunt id quod eſt conci<lb></lb>pere, cum eo quod eſt abſtrahere. </s> <s>Tùm deinde abſtractio illa eorum eſt, vt formaliter accipiun<lb></lb>tur, in iis verò nihil obſtat, quominus alterum ſine altero concipi nequeat. </s> <s>At verò locus 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>non magis ſtat à Philopono quàm à nobis, nam variis legitur modis & diuerſas interpretationes <lb></lb>admittit. </s> <s>Docet enim ibi Ariſtoteles phyſici munus eſſe ſpectare formam non ſimpliciter; ſed <lb></lb>quatenus refertur ad materiam. </s> <s>itaque formæ quæ ad materiam ſeſe applicarunt, vt in illa ſint <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg702"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>immerſæ, ſunt phyſicæ conſiderationis. </s> <s>& addit & illæ quæ ſunt <foreign lang="grc">χωρ́ις ὰ μὲν εἴδει, ἐν ύληδὲ</foreign>, <lb></lb>quæ verba ſunt valde ambigua. </s> <s>ſiquidem ſuſpicio ſubſit de lectione, an'ne <foreign lang="grc">ἐὶδει</foreign>, quod eſt ſpecie <lb></lb>& forma, ideſt ratione legendum ſit quibus ſignificatur modus ſeparationis. </s> <s>an <foreign lang="grc">εἴδη</foreign> ideſt ſpecies <lb></lb>& formæ quibus ſignificantur formæ, quæ ſeparari poſſunt, ac ſi priorem lectionem recipiamus, <lb></lb>duplex interpretatio ſuccurrat. </s> <s>prima quidem, quòd hæc ſit ratio generalis conſiderandi formas <lb></lb>apud philoſophum naturalem. </s> <s>quòd illæ ſpectentur quæ ratione quidem ſeparantur; reapſe ve<lb></lb>rò reſident in materia. </s> <s>Sed tunc exoritur difficultas, quid intelligendum ſit, cùm dicitur ſeparari <lb></lb>ratione. </s> <s>poſsint'ne formæ naturales ſine materia cogitari: quod tamen ſuperius confutatum fue<lb></lb>rat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> An potius dictum id ſit, proptereà quòd priore lib. Phyſ. </s> <s>oſtenſum fuerit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg703"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratione differre. </s> <s>Tùm verò nil vetat, quin forma ſine materia concipi non poſsit: quandò eſt ea <lb></lb>notio formalis qua natura quidem alia ſignificatur, non tollitur verò pendentia. </s> <s>& ita nihil face<lb></lb>ret locus ille contra nos. </s> <s>An hoc animaduerſum fuerit propter Pythagoram & alios qui rerum <lb></lb>naturalium principia fecerint numeros & magnitudines quæ omnia ab illis extra materiam po<lb></lb>ſita fuerunt. </s> <s>Itaque moneat Ariſtoteles Phyſicen illas formas tractare quæ ratione quidem ſola <lb></lb>ſeparantur à materia, re verò reſident in ipſa, non illas quæ ſunt extra materiam. </s> <s>Aut etiam hæc <lb></lb>verba ab Ariſtotele adſcripta fuerint, vt doceat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> formas mathematicas à naturali perquiri, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg704"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſanè vt ratione ſeparantur, ſed quatenus inhęrent in materia. </s> <s>Poſſumus & <foreign lang="grc">εἴδη</foreign>, ideſt, formas ac<lb></lb>cipere. </s> <s>& ita videbitur Ariſtoteles deducere phyſicam methodum ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtias">ſubſtantias</expan> verè ſeparabiles <lb></lb>quas explorat primus philoſophus, & adnotare quatenus ad phyſicum pertineant, quatenus ſci<lb></lb>licet ſunt in materia: non idcirco, quia ſint formæ materiatę; ſed quòd exercent ſua munera in <lb></lb>materia: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt in materia ſic eſſe dicantur, ſicut dictum eſt de Dei O. M. ſede <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quam <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg705"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtituit illi Ariſtoteles in dextris cęli, quòd ibi maximè vigeant eius vites. </s> <s>eodem modo dicantur <lb></lb>illæ formæ in materia, quòd earum vires ſeſe prodant in materia, quaſi dicat Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſe<lb></lb>parata pertinere ad phyſicum, quatenus tamen materiam reſpiciunt, & iſta interprętatio mihi <lb></lb>magis arridet: quoniam ſubiicit Ariſtoteles exemplum formæ cuiuſdam quæ ſeparata eſt à ma<lb></lb>teria quam afficit & immutat, ſolis nimirum quo ſubſtantia ſeparata notatur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> immo<lb></lb>bilis illa & indiuidua tum notuerat. </s> <s>Nam quamuis Deus omnium auctor ab Empedocle prædi<lb></lb>caretur illis carminibus quibus ex ipſo omnia deriuari teſtatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg685"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg686"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg687"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg688"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg689"></margin.target>IIII.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg690"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg691"></margin.target>V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg692"></margin.target>VI.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg693"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg694"></margin.target>d 3. De An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg695"></margin.target>e 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg696"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg697"></margin.target>a 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg698"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg699"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg700"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg701"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg702"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg703"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg704"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg705"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 81.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Γάνθ̓ ὁσα τε ἦν, ὁσα τε ἐστὶν, ἠ δ̓ ὁσταγε ἐτσαι ὀπισω</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Δένδράτε, βεβλάστηκε καὶ ἀνέρες, ἠ δέ γυναίκες</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Θῆρες τ' ὀιωνοὶτε καὶ ὐδαρτορθερέμμονες ἰχθὐς</foreign>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg706"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg706"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ariſtoteles ipſe (vt videbimus) ex eo <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> fine hęc omnia deriuari putat cęlum; aut ſolem, <lb></lb>horum omnium reputat auctorem velut efficiens. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo hunc locum interpre<lb></lb>temur, nihil officit nobis ita credentibus, formę <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> à materiæ notione non ſeiungi. </s> <s>Ea verò <lb></lb>quæ quinto loco ſubiiciuntur; ſolùm perſuadent rationis ſeparationem quæ non detrahit de no<lb></lb>tione materię. </s> <s>& materiam potius, quàm formam ſeparari poſſe conuincunt. </s> <s>Ad illud <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> quod <lb></lb>vltimò opponitur. </s> <s>formam <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> à ſenſili materia ſegregari, dum pulſat <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>verè & <lb></lb>propriè formam eſſe, vbi diſiuncta ſit à materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Primùm reſpondemus materiam ſenſilem <lb></lb>eſſe vniuerſalem & ſingularem. </s> <s>Porrò ſingularem eſſe forma poſteriorem non modò natura, <lb></lb>ſed origine, ſimpliciter enim forma prior eſt, quàm materia, vniuerſalem verò priorem; quip<lb></lb>pe partem eſſentiæ. </s> <s>Ac verè tùm formam eſſe dicimus, vbi ſecreta fuerit à materia ſingulari; <lb></lb>ab altera verò neque re, neque cogitatione ſeiungi, & tùm intelligi poſſe, cùm ſeparata fuerit <lb></lb>à ſingulari: ac tùm verè formam eſſe, quòd in ſingulari non ſit forma, ſed compoſitum. <pb pagenum="78"></pb>quanquàm reipſa forma ſemper exiſtit in materia ſingulari: ſed hoc mentis officium eſt, ipſam <arrow.to.target n="marg707"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à ſingulari abſtrahere, hoc eſt, ſine ſingulari materia conſiderare. </s> <s>proptereà talis forma in mente <lb></lb>ponitur ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Dico verò ſic conſiderari formam naturalem; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> moneo, talem conſide<lb></lb>rationem adhuc eſſe naturalem, quòd includat materiam ſenſilem, non ignarus etiam ſine mate<lb></lb>ria ſenſili ſpectari poſſe formas naturales aliis duobus modis, qui non ſunt naturales, altero <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> vniuerſali quo forma naturalis generatim conſideratur, & vt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſubſtantiæ ſenſilis vni<lb></lb>uersè non huius aut illius, in quo item ſenſilis materia, ſed vniuersè continetur, non vniuersè tan<lb></lb>quam genus; ſed vt commune per indifferentiam, & ſub hac notione materiæ ſenſilis, non huius <lb></lb>aut illius, vt oſsis & carnis etiam vniuersè ſumptorum: & aſſero conſiderationem <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> eſſe primi <lb></lb>philoſophi. </s> <s>altero verò modo conſideratur forma naturalis ſine materia ſenſili, quia ſit <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <lb></lb>genus formæ, quod interuallum comitatur & materiam poteſtate quantam, quæ cùm ſit prior <lb></lb>motu, ab omni motu ſeparari poteſt, & hanc ad mathematicum pertinere profiteor. </s> <s>Itaque mo<lb></lb>dus abſtrahendi de quo ſuprà diſputatum eſt, proprius eſt omnis ſcientiæ: quia ſic oportet pro<lb></lb>gredi, ſi ſcientia paranda ſit, abſtractiones iſtæ, de quibus nuper expoſitum eſt, ſunt primi philo<lb></lb>ſophi & mathematici, quæ tibi diligenter obſeruandæ ſunt. </s> <s>Sed dicet quiſpiam, ſatis dictum eſſe <lb></lb>de ſeparatione formæ, verùm quid dicendum eſt de ſeparatione materiæ? </s> <s>Dicimus ad hoc mate<lb></lb>riam ita ſeparari à forma, non quia in eius eſſentia forma non concipiatur, ſed cùm materia ſit vel <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg708"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſingularis, vel infinita. </s> <s>ſingularem à forma ſeparari, quoniam prior eſt origine forma ſingulari, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg709"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ab illa ſeparari & re & ratione, quia forma illa ſingularis eſt, quod verò eſt ſingulare non po<lb></lb>teſt eſſe alicuius eſſentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſſentia per definitionem euoluitur, hæc verò non eſt ſingularis. <lb></lb></s> <s>remaneret autem ſi non proxima (hæc enim cum forma corrumpitur) at alterius formæ ſubie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg710"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctum. </s> <s>ſimpliciter autem materia non ſeparatur à forma, quòd ſimpliciter forma prior eſt quàm <lb></lb>materia, & actus ſimpliciter prior eſt quàm poteſtas, & forma & actus in materiæ <expan abbr="poteſtatisq́ue">poteſtatisque</expan> <lb></lb>definitione ſumuntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg707"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg708"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg709"></margin.target>1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg710"></margin.target>9. Met.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid ſit materia ſenſilis, & quemadmodum in naturali methodo accipienda. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ACCEPIMVS antè ſic ſe habere formam naturalem, vt nulla ratione neque reipſa, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>vi mentis ſine materia ſenſili concipi queat. </s> <s>Attamen, vt opinor, à noſtra methodo non <lb></lb>abhorrebit, ſi hoc loco ſermonem noſtrum conuertamus ad explicandum vnde noſcatur, quid <lb></lb>ipſa ſit, & doceamus etiam qua ratione tractetur: confert enim ad cognoſcendam rationem & <lb></lb>viam qua res naturales ſunt definitione euoluendæ. </s> <s>Primùm igitur eam nemo ignorat eſſe mate<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg711"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riam ſenſilem quæ iam à qualitatibus cum actuoſis, tum patibilibus occupatur, & motui <expan abbr="tranſ-mutationiq́">tranſ<lb></lb>mutationique</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiicitur. </s> <s>nam ſine his nulla vera mutatio videtur effici poſſe. </s> <s>ideò materia ſenſi<lb></lb>lis ab eiuſmodi qualitatib. & affectionib. non ſegregatur: reipſa quidem perſpicuum eſt, cogita<lb></lb>tione verò dubium, ſiquidem materia principium eiuſmodi affectionum optimo iure ponatur: <lb></lb>quia verò natura prius à poſteriore ſeuocari queat, non erit culpæ alicuius affinis qui materiam <lb></lb>ſenſilem per qualitates ſenſiles, non ſanè definiri, tanquam hæc eius principia ſint, ſed vt per effe<lb></lb>cta deſcribi putabit. </s> <s>Præſertim quòd ſi definiretur per accidentia, non poſſemus euitare quin ac<lb></lb>cidens in ſubſtantiæ definitione ſumi poſſet; id verò oppugnat vniuerſa præcepta analytica. </s> <s>Ete<lb></lb>nim <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>illum canonem. </s> <s>Quando alterum de altero prædicatur, vt de ſubiecto; quæcunque de <lb></lb>illo prædicantur, etiam de ſubiecto prædicentur oportebit. </s> <s>At verò materia ſenſilis eſt pars ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ naturalis; ergo in eius definitione ſumenda eſt: pone tu nunc accidens principium mate<lb></lb>riæ ſenſilis. </s> <s>Et principium igitur ſubſtantiæ naturalis. </s> <s>cùm cæteroqui de ſubiecto debeat demon<lb></lb>ſtrari per ſubiecti principia, & per ſubiectum <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>principia definiatur. </s> <s>Neque hic tu elaberis <lb></lb>inquiens, eam regulam complecti principia eſſentiæ: materiam verò negans eſſe principium eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ, ſed exiſtentiæ <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> quæ poſterior eſt eſſentia: proinde nil vetare, quominus accidens in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg712"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>explicatione ſenſilis materiæ ponatur: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> nihilominus efficeretur, vt ſubſtantia fieret ex non <lb></lb>ſubſtantia: fieret <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> indiuiduum ex materia ſenſili quæ componeretur ex accidentibus. </s> <s>Sed enim <lb></lb>ſi poſteriora ſunt accidentia, ſeparari queunt à materia, vt ſine ipſis exiſtat. </s> <s>Vel igitur erit mate<lb></lb>ria ſenſilis ſine poſtib. & ſic indiuiduum ſubſtantiæ nudum quod nos non approbamus, vel <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit amplius ſenſilis; verùm degenerabit in aliud materiæ genus. </s> <s>Idcirco ſic de ſenſili materia <lb></lb>ſtatuendum puto. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpectatur, quatenus habet vnde pellat ſenſus. </s> <s>aut vt res huic facultati <lb></lb>ſubiecta, vel ſub ratione principij. </s> <s>habet autem, vnde moueat ſenſus, initium duplex; alterum re<lb></lb>motum, atque alterum proximum: ac remotum quidem eſt ipſa forma & actus; ex hoc enim ac<lb></lb>cidentia pendent, quibus ineſt proxima facultas excitandi ſenſum. </s> <s>Quatenus igitur materia ſen<lb></lb>ſilis, non dubium eſt, quin accidens in eius definitione comprehendatur, non ſecus àc albedo in <lb></lb>definitione hominis albi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Vt enim teſtatur Ariſtoteles partes cuiuſque coniuncti in eius defini<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg713"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione ponendæ ſunt. </s> <s>Ex hoc effectum eſſe putant <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, vt tale materiæ genus motu deſignetur; <pb pagenum="79"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg714"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ea verò cùm in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturalium definitione requiratur; ſępius item ab Ariſt. </s> <s>pronuntiatum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg715"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit, definitiones naturales ſine motu non eſſe tradendas: ſiquidem materia ſenſilis ex motu, <expan abbr="eanq̃">eanque</expan> <lb></lb>priore ſenſili conſtaret. </s> <s>Veruntamen, vt placet hoc, quae materia ſenſilis <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> ſit accidentium bene<lb></lb>ficio; <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>allatas rationes haud aſſentiar motum vt primum quid in rerum naturalium definitio<lb></lb>nibus eſſe ponendum; ſed vt notam duntaxat eius principij ex quo proximè fluit. </s> <s>Concedam <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſicuti natura per motum veluti principium definitur, ſic & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſenſilem, vt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>per motum probè definiri; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> relatiua principium, & id cuius eſt principium. </s> <s>ſi ea ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam conſideres; non ſecundùm materiam: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in definitione ſubſtantię non id quod rei <expan abbr="prin-cipioq́">prin<lb></lb>cipioque</expan>. </s> <s>comitatur accipiendum eſt; ſed rem cui hæc comitatur, per eam habitudinem menti ſe<lb></lb>ſe offerre quidem fatebor, ſed cùm tali habitudine <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõplere">complere</expan> negabo, & aſſeuerabo Phi<lb></lb>loſophum accepiſſe motum quo materiam per ſe alioquin <expan abbr="ignotã">ignotam</expan> illuſtraret, vnde initium ſpe<lb></lb>culationum ſuarum deſumeret; notis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inſiſtant oportet. </s> <s>Proinde materiam illam puto ſumi in <lb></lb>definitione rerum natura conſtantium, cui hæc accidunt, ideſt, illam facultatem, vnde proximò <lb></lb>exiſtunt accidentia quæ pellunt ſenſus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideòq́">Ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>non conſtituitur per accidentia; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ipſa defi<lb></lb>nitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ſubſtantia ſenſilis; ſed ex accidente noteſcit, & ex ipſo prius quid accidente ſi<lb></lb>gnificatur. </s> <s>Quare monebat nos Alexander; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi Ariſt. </s> <s>aſſumeret motum, <expan abbr="interpretandũ">interpretandum</expan> eſſe ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg716"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg717"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teriam ſenſilem, quaſi ex <expan abbr="cõſequente">conſequente</expan> ſignificetur materia ſenſilis quæ nos alioqui latet eo planè <lb></lb>modo quo ſubſtantia ipſa naturalis nomine corporis exprimitur, quod eſt primum genus quan<lb></lb>titatis, quae ab hoc conſequente nunquam deſeratur, mente noſtra aut non, aut ægrè admodum ea <lb></lb>ſeparante <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ inſunt perpetuò, ab illis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> inſunt, vt hominis formam à carnib. & oſsib. quae <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg718"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in iis ſemper apparet; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>efficeret mens in circulo, quæ forma nulli certę materiæ per ſe ad<lb></lb>dicta eſt, ſi <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> in ære extaret, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſine ęre concipi poſſet. </s> <s>Ac ſi rem interius ſcrutari veli<lb></lb>mus; non ſine certa ratione vſurpatur in deſignanda materia, quippe quae accidens non ſit ens ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, & ab omni ſubſtantia ſuaptè natura ſegregatum, ſed ſit propriè ſubſtantia ſic affecta. </s> <s>cu<lb></lb>ius affectio cùm moueat ſenſum; efficitur, vt ſubſtantia ſingularis, aut materia ſenſilis quæ alio<lb></lb>qui ſentiri per ſe non poſſet, per accidens ſentiatur, à quo ſi cogitatione ſepararetur, iam non am<lb></lb>plius ſenſilis & ſingularis eſſet, ſed intelligenda, & vniuerſalis, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſe mouet <expan abbr="mẽtem">mentem</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm ſit pura poteſtas, cogimur item materiam intelligendam notare aliquo accidente quod ipſi <lb></lb>inſideat immobiliter, vt motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus quà deſignat materiam generatim ſumptus ingre<lb></lb>ditur definitiones naturales methodo non tam euolutioni rei conſulente quàm captui noſtro. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam verò accidens ita ſe habet ad ſubſtantiam, vt & contraria <expan abbr="quandoq́">quandoque</expan>. </s> <s>in eadem ſpecie <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg719"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reperiantur, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt album, & nigrum in homine, & in eodem indiuiduo nonnunquàm; & mas & fę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg720"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mina in <expan abbr="pleriſq.">pleriſque</expan> partibus animalis, alia non item, vt æternum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> caducum; & hæc quidem per <lb></lb>ſe, illa per accidens: quæ per accidens inſunt, materiæ ſenſili <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi quidem ſingulari adſcribun<lb></lb>tur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poſita, vel ablata rerum naturas immutant, ſicuti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſenſilis illa materia; quapro<lb></lb>pter nec eſt eſſentiæ pars, ſed exiſtentiæ ſolùm, quod eſt aliquid eſſentiæ ſuperueniens, vt ſuo lo<lb></lb>co demonſtrabitur. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt in indiuiduo ſint accidentia ſua ipſius propria, tamen <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>idcirco ſubſtantiam indiuiduam conſtituant, ſed ſingularis eiuſdem principij, materiæ nimirum <lb></lb>ſigna ſint, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> item ſublatis, verùm vt poſterioribus, materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tollatur; velut etiam motu <lb></lb>ſublato natura, quanquàm vt poſteriore, de mundo, aut ſaltem è conſpectu tolleretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ha<lb></lb>ctenus de modo quo nobis materia noteſcit, vt autem ſit, ita cogitare oportet omnem ſubſtantię <lb></lb>mutationem eſſe circa ſingulare, quod ſanè conſtat ex materia & forma, in materia verò propter <lb></lb>formam etiam inſunt accidentia certa; <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>mutationi ſubiiciatur id quod eſt <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> tale per <lb></lb>ſe, per accidens autem id quod eſt actu, efficitur, vt aut ei quod factum eſt, accedant quæ ſunt <lb></lb>propria formę genitę, & ſi quę etiam quę non repugnantia retinentur ex quorum cumulo fit in<lb></lb>diuiduum. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eſt cum accidentibus quæ pendent ex forma, vel <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> genitę & corruptæ, vel ex <lb></lb>pręſente pro potentia materię <expan abbr="pręcedẽtis">pręcedentis</expan>, ſunt & alia quibus ſupponitur quidem forma ſubſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg721"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiæ, non ſunt tamen ex forma, verùm <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan> ex infinitate materiæ, nec amplectuntur vniuerſam <lb></lb>ſpeciem, quare dicuntur indiuidui veluti gignitur aër ex aqua quæ eſt aër poteſtate, remanet in <lb></lb>aëre pelluciditas, accedit raritas, leuitas, calor, quę potentia latebant in ea materia: eſt etiam ver<lb></lb>big. </s> <s>quòd extra ſuum locum detineatur, quod eſt accidens. </s> <s>ex his omnibus fit non modò aër, ſed <lb></lb>hic aër. </s> <s>Hęc igitur materia ſenſilis & indiuidua principium eſt ſubſtantię ſingularis, <expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> cùm <lb></lb>habeat adnexa illa accidentia perpetuò cum illis aufertur: & cùm abſtractio fiat ab hoc & illo <lb></lb>albo & à cęteris conſimiliter, ſequitur vt etiam fiat abſtractio à materia ſenſili: itaque ſicuti ab<lb></lb>ſtrahendo ſingulare degenerat in vniuerſum, & abſtractione facta non remanet hęc ſubſtantia <lb></lb>ſingularis, vt aliqui opinantur, ſed vniuerſalis duntaxat, & ſpecies aut genus: ſic non remanet <lb></lb>materia ſingularis, & ſenſilis, ſed efficitur vniuerſalis & intelligenda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cùmq́">Cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>& hęc accidentia, <lb></lb>& materia ſenſilis vnum reapſe exiſtant, factum eſt, vt Ariſtoteles in rerum naturalium definitio<lb></lb>nibus accidens poſuiſſe videatur: cęterùm iis ſignificatur materia ſenſilis: nam ſicut ſe habent <pb pagenum="80"></pb>accidentia ſingularia ad materiam ſenſilem indiuiduam; ſic & facta per abſtractionem vniuerſa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg722"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lia materiam ſenſilem vniuersè ſignificant, quam mox eſſentiæ partem eſſe oſtendemus; & pro<lb></lb>pter modum eſſendi quem abſtrahendo mutat; ex eo quae eſt exiſtentiæ principium, in principium <lb></lb>eſſentiæ transformari. </s> <s>Hoc ipſum oſtenſuri nunc exordiamur ab ea materia quæ tranſmutatio<lb></lb>ni ſubiicitur, & illam inueniamus quæ conſtituit methodum naturalem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò dubitatur ma<lb></lb>teriam ſenſilem quæ <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> formam excipit, eſſe ſingularem: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit eſt ſingulare; & ge<lb></lb>neratur non homo, ſed Callias & Plato. </s> <s>Veruntamen ſicuti mutationes ſunt ſingularium; ſic de <lb></lb>iis nulla methodus eſſe poteſt; quando eſſent incerta & infinita. </s> <s>Quocirca vt ſcientiam genera<lb></lb>re poſsint; ſingularia ad vniuerſale quoddam referenda ſunt. </s> <s>At verò ſi vniuerſale colligitur ex <lb></lb>ſingularibus, imminebit periculum; ne ſeparatum à formis ſenſilibus generationi repugnet, & <lb></lb>aliud repræſentet, atque ea ſingularia quæ ſunt obnoxia mutationi: nanque homo ſeparatur ab <lb></lb>indiuidui conditionibus. </s> <s>id autem quod eſt huiuſmodi æternum eſt, & cùm ſignificet naturam <lb></lb>communem, ſiquid illi tribuatur, conueniet communiter. </s> <s>Attamen generari proprium eſt ſingu<lb></lb>larium, quatenus ſingularia ſunt. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò philoſophi nos <expan abbr="perſuadẽt">perſuadent</expan> vniuerſale duplex <lb></lb>eſſe: alterum quidem quod repræſentat ipſa ſingularia, ita vt cum illud concipio, ſimul <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> men<lb></lb>te comprehendam ſingula in illa natura communi conuenientia, quod ſanè abſtrahitur ab indi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg723"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uidui conditionibus, ita tamen, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> referat conditiones ſenſiles: verùm quia non magis huius <lb></lb>quàm illius indiuidui proprietates refert; proptereà dicatur vniuerſale. </s> <s>Alterum vniuerſale eſt <lb></lb>quod ſignificat naturam ab indiuidui conditionibus omnino ſeparatam, vt ſi <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> ipſum nul<lb></lb>la ratione materiæ ſenſilis habita ſpectem. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> compoſitum eſt ex forma & materia ſen<lb></lb>ſili: quapropter in eo aliud eſt eſſe ab eſſentia, & hoc in multis eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò in vniuerſis ſingula<lb></lb>ribus & quia non ſeparatur à materia ſenſili vniuerſale, phyſicum non iniuria vocabitur: <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> <lb></lb>definitioni ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Alterum eſt in mente ſola, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>cum eſſentia ſua, cuius cùm duæ ſint par<lb></lb>tes, forma nimirum & materia quæ mente concipitur, ita etiam è binis partibus, quæ binis illis <lb></lb>reſpondeant, proportione conflatur, genere videlicet vt materia, differentia verò vt forma. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim fieri poteſt, vt forma naturalis à materia, ſeu re ſeu cogitatione ſeiungatur. </s> <s>Quocirca reipſa <lb></lb>reſidet in materia ſenſili, in mente verò alteram materiam aſſecuta eſt quæ pertinet ad mentem. <lb></lb></s> <s>poſterius hoc genus vniuerſalis, ſi logicum dicamus, non erimus fortaſſe reprehendendi: quia <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">λόγος</foreign> eſſentiam <expan abbr="definitionemq́">definitionemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſignificat, & rationem quæ iam eſt hoc vniuerſale à ſenſili mate<lb></lb>ria ſecretum, & mentis officium per quod vniuerſale hoc ſeparatur à materia ſenſili indiuidua. <lb></lb></s> <s>æternum hoc, quippe extra omnem aleam temporis illud in ſeipſo perpetuum, quia ſemper eſt; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg724"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter verò nequaquam, quia conſiſtit partibus quæ mutantur aſsiduè, & partes offert quæ <lb></lb>continuè variantur. </s> <s>Vtranque genus vniuerſalis ab Ariſtotele monſtratum eſt. </s> <s>Nam de primo <lb></lb>illo quod phyſicum dicimus. </s> <s>aliquando verba faciens hæc ſcripta reliquit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Homo & equus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg725"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& illiuſmodi cętera in ipſis ſunt ſingulis & docuit eius <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ſubſtantiam, ſed eſſe totum quod<lb></lb>dam quod ex vniuerſali materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtet, ſicuti ſingulare conſtat ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſin<lb></lb>gulari. </s> <s>Rurſus de altero vniuerſali meminit quod rationem vocat, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt circulus. </s> <s>proinde inquit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg726"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe circuli & circulus, & eſſe animæ atque anima idem eſt: atque iterum teſtatus eſt hominem <lb></lb>dici bifariam, velut compoſitum, quare non eſt idem hominis eſſe, & hominem eſſe, vel vt ani<lb></lb>mam; itaque idem ſunt eſſe hominis atque hominem. </s> <s>Vbi igitur in methodo naturali verſemur, <lb></lb>cùm vniuerſalia non ſeparentur à materia ſenſili ſimpliciter, ſed à ſingulari tantùm, & <expan abbr="ſupponãt">ſupponant</expan> <lb></lb>pro ſingularibus: ideò fit, vt non ſit ſcientia ſingularium: nec ob id quæ de vniuerſali <expan abbr="pronuntiã-tur">pronuntian<lb></lb>tur</expan>, abhorreant à ſingularibus. </s> <s>Nec quatenus naturæ quædam communes ſint; illis generari tri<lb></lb>buatur, ſed vt referunt ſingularia generatim, de quibus ſigillatim ea prędicari poſſunt. </s> <s>Nec ea <lb></lb>materia quæ ſubiicitur methodo naturali, quia ſenſilis, ſit ſingularis. </s> <s>Etenim ſicut eſt ſingularis <lb></lb>homo, & communis: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt materia ſenſilis ſingularis, & materia communis quæ eadem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſenſilis eſt, hęc methodi, illa mutationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſanè ſenſilis, quia materia communis ſentia<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg727"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, ſed quia proximè referat eam quæ pellit ſenſum, & vt ſępe diximus, quia pro illa ſupponit. <lb></lb></s> <s>qua ratione <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> res ſenſiles ſcientiæ naturali ſubiiciuntur, quas propter vim methodi nihilo<lb></lb>minus vniuerſales eſſe neceſſe eſt: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> potentia ſenſiles, quia cùm applicantur ad conditiones <lb></lb>ſenſiles & hæc accidentia, fiunt ſenſiles, & ſunt in habitu, non actu ſenſiles.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg711"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg712"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg713"></margin.target>a 1 Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 29. <lb></lb><lb></lb>7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg714"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg715"></margin.target>a Land.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg716"></margin.target>b 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg717"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg718"></margin.target>c 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg719"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg720"></margin.target>d 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg721"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg722"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg723"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg724"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg725"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 30. apud <lb></lb>Alexand.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg726"></margin.target>b 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg727"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>quod' nam genus materiæ ſumatur in definitionibus naturalibus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MATERIAM ſenſilem, atque illam quidem ſingularem didicimus eſſe ſtratum muta<lb></lb>tionis naturalis, vniuerſalem verò in methodo naturali ſpectari. </s> <s>ſed vtrum'ne omnis ma<lb></lb>teria ſenſilis, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> quam vniuerſalis, in naturali methodo accipitur, & vtrum pars eſt definitionis <lb></lb>naturalis, an aliquam aliam vicem in naturali definitione gerit, & vtrùm aliud vltra ſenſilis ma<lb></lb>teriæ genus in naturali definitione <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> eſt? </s> <s>Porrò materiam geminam obſeruamus apud <pb pagenum="81"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg728"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtotelem quę quoquo pacto licet diſsimiliter, <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> reſpiciat: <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quidem ſenſilem, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram mente <expan abbr="cõprehendendam">comprehendendam</expan>, & eiuſmodi, vt ſenſum pro ſe non excitet. </s> <s>Hæc quidem <lb></lb>quæ mente <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan> poteſt, variis modis accipitur. </s> <s>ſiquidem & materia illa quæ ſenſilis eſt, <lb></lb>vbi ſeuocetur à qualitatibus quæ ſenſum mouent, non amplius ſenſilis eſt, ſed mente duntaxat <lb></lb>concipitur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etiam continuum quod eſt materia <expan abbr="mathematicorũ">mathematicorum</expan>, vi noſtræ mentis à ſenſilibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg729"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>affectionibus <expan abbr="ſegregatũ">ſegregatum</expan> eſt materia quæ cadit in mentem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſenſilis. </s> <s>Ita & genus in definitione <lb></lb>eſt materia quam mens ſola attingit. </s> <s>Conuincunt ſanè rationes, & loca Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſenſi<lb></lb>lem complere definitiones naturales. </s> <s>quandò res ſenſiles à naturali philoſopho tractantur: hæ <lb></lb>verò tali materia conſiſtunt, nec ab ea, quà ſenſiles & naturales, ne cogitatione <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ne dum re <lb></lb>diuelli queunt: aliter in aliud genus tranſirent, vt mathematicum, aut diuinum; eam nos docui<lb></lb>mus eſſe vniuerſalem. </s> <s>Nunc etiam materia ſenſilis quę vniuerſalis eſt, ita diſtribuitur ab Ariſto<lb></lb>tele, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in eam quæ toto poſterior eſt, atque illam quæ toto prior. </s> <s>eam ſanè vocante toto poſte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg730"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riorem quæ à toto ſecreta non ſeruatur, ſed ſine ipſa compoſitum exiſtere poteſt, vt digitus, aut <lb></lb>manus, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ tum verè ſunt, cum in compoſito ſubſiſtunt, ab eo remota ſolùm nomen ad ſum<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg731"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mum ſeruant, naturam amiſerunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At cor, ſeu cerebrum contrà ſe habent. </s> <s>etenim ipſa, vt in pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg732"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma fœtus conformatione conſtat, ſine reliquis partibus viuunt; at reliqua ſine talium partium ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg733"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nere nequaquam. </s> <s>idcirco toto hæc priora <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine optima <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> cenſentur. </s> <s>Ita in naui ſunt <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> <lb></lb>partes ſenſiles, vt aſſeres, & tigna: ſunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prora, puppis, & carina. </s> <s>ſine illis <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> conſiſtit, vt quan<lb></lb>uis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> iugiter commutentur, permaneat tamen nauis, at ſi proram puppim carinamúe, aut au<lb></lb>feras, aut immutes, ſeu nauem è medio ſuſtuleris, ſeu ſpeciem euariaueris. </s> <s>Cùm hæc ita ſint, cer<lb></lb>tè partes illæ quas toto poſteriores eſſe poſuimus, à definitione arcebuntur. </s> <s>explicat enim rei <lb></lb>principia definitio, poſteriora relinquit ponens illa ſolùm ob oculos ea ratione, quia poſterio<lb></lb>rum cauſſas euoluit. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt ſi ſenſilis materia collocanda ſit in definitione, ea ſit toto <lb></lb>prior, & ab hac, dum ſingularis eſt, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſi fuerit ſingulare, nullo pacto ſeparatur, & paritatione, <lb></lb>ſi fuerit vniuerſale, non diſiungitur ab ea, quatenus vniuersè <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, & vniuerſalis optimè cum definitione congruit. </s> <s>etenim materia per ſe ignota eſt, cùm ſenſilis <lb></lb>exiſtit. </s> <s>ita enim incerta & infinita eſt, & obnoxia mutationi; at cùm ſit intelligenda per ſe note<lb></lb>ſcit, definitio verò ex per ſe notis conſtituatur oportet; cùm verò vniuersè accipitur, intelligi <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt enim verbis Ariſtotelis vtar. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Si ab actu receſſerint (ſunt enim actu in ſingularibus) non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg734"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſanè patet (ſenſui) ſint nec'ne. </s> <s>Sed vniuerſali ratione ſemper dicuntur, ac cognoſcuntur. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>propter etiam ſiquis ad materias intelligendas hoc materię genus adiiciat, non abutetur aucto<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg735"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ritate Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Quod verò pertinet ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ mente comprehendi poteſt, mente quidem ma<lb></lb>teria prima concipitur, cùm ſenſus à ſingulari <expan abbr="pulſet̃">pulſetur</expan>, & ab ea quæ à qualitate ſenſili occupatur, <lb></lb>à qua materia prima ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> re, ſaltem cogitatione diſiungitur. </s> <s>Verùm quia ſola ipſa non planè ſe<lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan>, ſed ſecundùm <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> prior eſt, & in ſingularibus quæ iam certis potentiis præfinita <lb></lb>ſunt, prorſus exiſtit. </s> <s>eſt enim per ſe extenta nec vniuerſitatis capax, cùm ſit hoc formæ ſolius, <lb></lb>quòd in definitione contineatur, vt rei principium non opinor, ſed vt ratione prius, & ita no<lb></lb>tius, quia per <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan> in aliis eodem modo ſe habere notuerit. </s> <s>Secunda illa Mathematicorum <lb></lb>propria eſt, ideò nihil ad methodum ſeu definitionem naturalem. </s> <s>Tertia quæ per genus expri<lb></lb>mitur, nonmodò naturalis eſt propria, ſed generatim pertinet ad omneis methodos atque <expan abbr="ſciẽtias">ſcientias</expan> <lb></lb>quæ definitione vtuntur. </s> <s>Nam quæcunque definitio propriè ſtatuitur, ea planè conſtat ex gene<lb></lb>re & differentiis: genus in definitione materiæ locum ſibi vendicat; differentia formæ. </s> <s>Verum<lb></lb>eninuerò genus materiæ locum in definitione obtinere non vno modo <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſſe arbitror. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>video genus appellari materiam non ſemper ex eo, quòd denotet id quod eſt in natura, ſicut <lb></lb>materia, ſed notionem communem, ſeu formam vniuerſalem, quæ alia notione, ſeu forma mi<lb></lb>nus communi determinari poteſt, vt cùm dicimus animal bipes. </s> <s>hîc enim notio animalis quæ <lb></lb>communis eſt, à bipedis notione coërcetur, & tamen animalis nomine forma <expan abbr="ſignificat̃">ſignificatur</expan>, animus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg736"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nimirùm, à bipede verò materia ſenſilis. </s> <s>Quocirca materiam non re, ſed cogitatione duntaxat ge<lb></lb>nus habendum eſſe puto. </s> <s>Sed enim materiam ſenſilem, quam vniuerſalem accepimus, & toto <lb></lb><expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan>, genere explicari poſſe credo, vt cùm corpus in definitione pro genere ſumitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ma<lb></lb>teria ſenſilis illa quam in naturali definitione ſumendam eſſe monui, modò genere. </s> <s>aliàs diffe<lb></lb>rentia poterit explicari; ex hoc ordine ſunt illa bipes, aquatile, volatile & huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>ſpeciatim Philoſophus 1. de partib. animal: necnon 4. c. 12. 13. volatile dixit eſſe de <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> auis, <lb></lb>& <foreign lang="grc">τὸ νευστικὸν κατὰ τὸν τῆς οὐσίας λόγον</foreign>, quæ tametſi in metaphyſica definitione collocantur <lb></lb>(ſiquidem genus & differentia <expan abbr="diffinitionẽ">diffinitionem</expan> compleant in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> philoſophia) tamen in naturali me<lb></lb>thodo cum habitudine ad materiam ſenſilem concipiuntur; in cęteris verò ab eiuſmodi materiæ <lb></lb>notione ſegregantur. </s> <s>Etenim veriſimile eſt, vt <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> homo non conſideratur à naturali <lb></lb>philoſopho ſine materia ſenſili, quia ſupponitur pro ſubſtantia ſenſili, ſiue, vt rectius loquar, cir<lb></lb>culus, quia <expan abbr="ſupponit̃">ſupponitur</expan> pro figura quę ſit in materia ſenſili, à Mathematico verò, vt ſine ipſa: ſic ea <pb pagenum="82"></pb>quæ continentur in definitione circuli qui à naturali philoſopho ſpectatur, cum habitudine ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg737"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſilem <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſumuntur, & contrà quæ in circuli mathematici definitione collocantur, à ma<lb></lb>teria ſenſili <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan> ope ſeducuntur. </s> <s>Peto verò exempla libenter à mathematico, cùm verear <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>ipſarum definitiones adſcribere ſpeciatim primo philoſopho; quippe qui putem <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="philoſo-phũ">philoſo<lb></lb>phum</expan> <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> vniuerſalem, neque <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> particularium <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan>, niſi generatim aggredi; quoad <lb></lb>doceat ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> exiſtit definitio, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ſit, & cùm varia ſint <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> genera, qui definitionis modus <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiq́ue">cuique</expan> competat. </s> <s>ſeorſum verò ſpectare res à materia ſuaptè natura ſecretas, ſeu ex priuatione <lb></lb>diſcriminis, ſiue ex <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> tales fuerint quæ definitione <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="euoluunt̃">euoluuntur</expan>, cùm ſint ſimplices & actus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde non verè ſcientia, ſed ſapientia perhibetur. </s> <s>Etenim ſi id verè pronunciatur <expan abbr="prìmũ">prìmum</expan> <expan abbr="philo-ſophũ">philo<lb></lb>ſophum</expan> ſeparate formas à materia, non poteſt ipſe formas naturales ſpectare: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prorſus in<lb></lb>ſeparabiles à materia; abſurda verò eſt illa mens quæ ſeparare conatur ea quæ ſeparari non poſ<lb></lb>ſunt, & niſi ſepararet, efficeretur protinus ſpecialis, quippe Phyſica. </s> <s>Sic fit vt eiſdem generib. ac <lb></lb>differentiis <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> diffinitionis genus abſoluatur, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> pręter genus ac <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> <lb></lb>perfecta definitione flagitetur: quia ſcilicet materia ſenſilis ex genere, aut differentia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vtentib. <lb></lb></s> <s>abſtractione perſpicua fiat, & abſtractione facta <expan abbr="ĩ">im</expan> definitione mathematica <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan> ope <expan abbr="relinquat̃">relinquatur</expan>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg738"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg728"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg729"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg730"></margin.target>c 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg731"></margin.target>c 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg732"></margin.target>d 1. de ort.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg733"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg734"></margin.target>e 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg735"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg736"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg737"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg738"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Compleat'ne materia ſenſilis definitionem naturalem, vt pars eſſentiæ, an non. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM demonſtratum ſit quid & quotuplex ſit materia ſenſilis, & explicatum quod' nam <lb></lb>eius materiæ genus accipiatur in methodo & definitione naturali, ſequitur vt inſtituto no<lb></lb>ſtro inſiſtentes, doceamus etiam, an'ne id materiæ genus ſit pars eſſentiæ naturalis. </s> <s>Nam magna <lb></lb>eſt lis inter Latinę philoſophię patronos, & veteres, & <expan abbr="recẽtes">recentes</expan>, & <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ſuccurrit quod in <expan abbr="vtrãq.">vtranque</expan> <lb></lb>partem problematis afferri poſsit. </s> <s>Nam tametſi <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> habent pro comperto materiam ſenſilem à <lb></lb>philoſopho naturali definiente non eſſe <expan abbr="omittendã">omittendam</expan>, diſſerunt tamen, an vt formæ vehiculum ac<lb></lb>cipiatur in definitionibus, an vt eſſentiæ pars. </s> <s>Quæſtio non facilè extricari poteſt, nec ſubuenit, <lb></lb>quod demonſtratiuè ad alterutram <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> problematis decernatur, & <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="patronorũ">patronorum</expan> <expan abbr="eorun-demq́">eorun<lb></lb>demque</expan>. </s> <s>auctoritatis maximę copia ſuppeditat. </s> <s>Quamobrem nos quid probabilius nobis viſurum <lb></lb>ſit defendemus, & in aliis illa notabimus quæ quoquomodo à decretis noſtris abhorrentia cen<lb></lb>ſeri poſsint. </s> <s>Conſtans <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpetuum Ariſtotelis teſtimonium nobis occurrit. </s> <s>Naturales defini<lb></lb>tiones <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ſine motu tradendas, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc eſt, ſine materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Tùm etiam formas naturaleis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg739"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à tali materia nunquàm poſſe diuelli, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi grauiter accuſati qui formas naturaleis à materia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg740"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſili ſegregare ſtuderent. </s> <s>Necnon definitiones naturales, vbi ſine materia tradantur eſſe diale<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg741"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cticas, & vanas, ſeu <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> ob eam cauſſam quæ inferius exponetur. </s> <s>Et certè ſi rerum natura <lb></lb>definitione eſt exponenda, ea verò eſt in materia, materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> definitione ſumenda eſ <lb></lb>ſe videbitur. </s> <s>Et quod diceret aduerſarius, dans <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eam neceſſariò <expan abbr="ſumendã">ſumendam</expan> eſſe in definitione <lb></lb>naturali, non tamen vt <expan abbr="eſsẽtiæ">eſsentiæ</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> & eius <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> qua quid eſt explicatur, ſed quia non ſine ipſa <lb></lb>forma exiſtit. </s> <s>argumentabor ego eo conſtituto. </s> <s>Quicquid non eſt de ratione formali rei <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> <lb></lb>ab ea poſſe abtrahi, vel re, vel cogitatione: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio formalis prima rei notio: quicquid extra <lb></lb>hanc eſt <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> non primum, ſed poſterius & quaſi <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Ergo ab illo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> abſtractio fieri. </s> <s>vt pri<lb></lb>uatio luminis in Luna eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> formalis eclypſeos: ideò cùm primò <expan abbr="cõcipitur">concipitur</expan> eclypſis. </s> <s>ea priuatio <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõcipitur">concipitur</expan>, ita vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi ſit ex interuentu terræ, nec ſine ipſo exiſtat, nihilominus ab eo ſeparari poſ<lb></lb>ſit: ei rei <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> quia varij varias eius euenti cauſſas afferebant. </s> <s>Ergo ab oppoſito. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> re, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cogitatione ſeparatur, ideſt de illius <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali. </s> <s>Sed talis eſt materia ſenſilis ex eo genere <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> naturalem. </s> <s>Ergo talis materies eſt de <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali, & prima notione formę naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Aſsũptio">Aſsumptio</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex multis locis in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> philoſophia: etenim inter ſe <expan abbr="reſpiciũt">reſpiciunt</expan>, & abſurda mens <lb></lb>quæ diuellere <expan abbr="conat̃">conatur</expan> à materia formam. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> materia de <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> formarum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter ex regula Pręd. </s> <s>Quicquid prędicatur de prędicato in quid eſt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prędicatur in quid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg742"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt de ſubiecto. </s> <s>Sed materia prędicatur in quid eſt de forma; forma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>. </s> <s>ergo & ma<lb></lb>teria de <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde materia aſsignatur phyſicè ad <expan abbr="explicationẽ">explicationem</expan> ipſius quid eſt, veluti cùm <lb></lb>veteres philoſophi definiebant per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſolam. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem quae tum ſcire vnum quodque <lb></lb>arbitramur, quando nouimus ex quibus & quot principiis <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan>, ſed conſtat ex materia & for<lb></lb>ma: ergo debemus ſcire per materiam & formam. </s> <s>At verò cùm duplex cognitio ſit quid eſt, & <lb></lb>quale eſt; quæro quæ'nam erit cognitio per materiam, neque ſanè quale eſt, eſt enim maximè <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> & quid igitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Extatẽt">Extatent</expan> <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> Philoſophi, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> rationem .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> diſſolui in <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> <expan abbr="cõponẽ-">componen<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg743"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tiũ">tium</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt oratio explicans quid eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Etiã">Etiam</expan> multò planius elocutus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>in calce 4. Meteor. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ſic <expan abbr="ĩquit">inquit</expan>. </s> <s>“Sic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſcimus <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> cur, & quid eſt, ſi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, vel <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> habeamus: maximè <lb></lb>verò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ambo [vtraſq. </s> <s>cauſſas] ortus & interitus, & vnde <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan>. <expan abbr="Demũ">Demum</expan> definitio p <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> in phyſicis eſt vana & imperfecta.” <expan abbr="Nũc">Nunc</expan> ſi in definitione <expan abbr="quęrit̃">quęritur</expan> <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> ſola, & hęc <expan abbr="pẽdet">pendet</expan> <lb></lb>ex ſola forma. </s> <s>cur ergo vana definitio per <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> formam? </s> <s>Fortè dices <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> logicam, <pb pagenum="83"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg744"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non naturalem; meo quidem iudicio non potes, quòd ea complet definitionem naturalem, & fa<lb></lb>cit vt quæ cęteroqui dialectica fuerat, euadat naturalis. </s> <s>Itaque ſi propter quod <expan abbr="vnumquodq́">vnumquodque</expan>. </s> <s>ta<lb></lb>le eſt, & illud magis tale, cùm definitio per formam fiat naturalis acceſsione materiæ, ergo & de<lb></lb>finitio per materiam magis erit naturalis. </s> <s>Neque id obſtat quòd forma ſit magis natura quàm <lb></lb>materia: eſt enim magis natura, quoad pertinet ad eſſentiam, non autem cauſſa methodi; defini<lb></lb>tio per materiam contrà methodi magis eſt, licet ſit eſſentiæ minus. </s> <s>Dices'ne diſſolui compoſitum <lb></lb>in rationem materiæ, non quia ſit pars eſſentiæ, ſed quia vehiculum ſit, & ad id neceſſarium, vt <lb></lb>forma exiſtat? </s> <s>Non licet, opinor; neque enim notat antiquos Ariſtoteles, quòd per materiam de<lb></lb>finirent, quia pars eſſentiæ non eſſet, ſed vehiculum; verùm quòd in illa ſola conquieſcerent. </s> <s>Ne<lb></lb>que item verò aſſeritur materiam adiuuare notitiam formæ, quia per ipſam ſubſiſtit: Nanque <lb></lb>omnino ſequeretur prius in notitia diſtincta ex poſteriore pendere; proptereà quòd pertinet hoc <lb></lb>ad <foreign lang="grc">ὓπαρξιν</foreign>, non ad <foreign lang="grc">οὐσιαν & τὀ τὶ ἐστὶ</foreign>, ſed <foreign lang="grc">ὓπαρξις</foreign> eſt ſingularis caduca, & poſterior; eſſentia <lb></lb>vniuerſalis æterna & prior. </s> <s>Itaque potius <foreign lang="grc">ὓπαρξις</foreign> ex eſſentia cognoſcetur, quàm eſſentia ex <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ὓπαρξεὠς</foreign>. </s> <s>Nam cęteroquin quæ D. Thomas, & ſectatores Scoti in medium attulerunt licet <lb></lb>apud ipſos valeant admodum, apud nos locum habere non poſſunt. </s> <s>Nimirum, ſi materia ſo<lb></lb>lùm vehiculi vicem in definitione ſubiret, etiam ſubſtantiam iri definitum ex additamento <expan abbr="quẽ-">quen<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg745"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodum accidens. </s> <s>Etenim ſicuti ſubiectum ponitur in definitione accidentis, velut eius vehicu<lb></lb>lum; non quia ſit pars quiditatis accidentis, vt in ſimitate naſus; ſed quia ſit naturale vehiculum <lb></lb>ſimitatis (eſt enim ſi miras accidens, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimplex quædam natura) ſic de ſubſtantiæ definitione <lb></lb>dicendum foret. </s> <s>Deinde quia ſequeretur, vt ſola forma eſſet tota, & completa quiditas, & ſpecies: <lb></lb>ex quo efficeretur vt anima hominis ſeparata eſſet totus homo. </s> <s>Nec forma cùm materia faceret <lb></lb>vnum per ſe, quia fit vnum per ſe ex imperfectis ſolum, non autem ex aliquo perfecto, nunc for<lb></lb>ma perfectum quid eſſet. </s> <s>Quin etiam nullum foret diſcrimen inter res materia concretas, & à <lb></lb>materia ſeparatas: in vtriſque enim ſola forma eſſet vniuerſa quiditas. </s> <s>Nanque etiam ſubiectum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg746"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>complet quid eſt accidentis. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi ita ſe haberet materia ad formam, vt ſubiectum ad <lb></lb>accidens; iam perſpicuum foret, quid de hoc problemate decernendum eſſet; cuius oppoſitum <lb></lb>cùm ſumat D. Thomas, id apud nos verum eſſe nullo modo poteſt. </s> <s>Neque item concedimus ac<lb></lb>cidens eſſe naturam ſimplicem, quippe quę ſit in alio, à quo item pendet in eo, quòd ſit. </s> <s>Quocirca <lb></lb>etiam ab Ariſtotele excluſum eſt accidens ab aliis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quorum eſſe & eſſentia idem ſunt, id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg747"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimplicibus euenire ſolet. </s> <s>Neque item valet apud nos. </s> <s>Si forma eſſet tota rei quiditas, animam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg748"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hominis ſeparatam fore vniuerſum hominem: quandoquidem non pugnant hæc ſecum: <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>eſſe totam hominis quiditatem, & eam non eſſe hominem totum, quia totus homo vltra quidita<lb></lb>tem habet quoque materiam ſenſilem, & toto poſteriorem. </s> <s>Proptereà dictum ſępè eſt ab Ariſto<lb></lb>tele rationem eſſe explicationem formæ non compoſiti: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec compoſita definitione explicari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg749"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propter acceſsionem materiæ: & id neceſſariò conſequi, ſi definitione explicaretur compoſitum, <lb></lb>vt bis idem repeteretur, non ſecus atque ſiquis naſum ſimum definite vellet; etenim ſimum per <lb></lb>naſum definiendum eſt, quare ſi naſum ſimum definire velis, & naſum in eius definitione ſume<lb></lb>re cogeris. </s> <s>Neque verò ego id dico, quin compoſitum ſit id cuius definitio quæritur & quid eſt: <lb></lb>ſed quòd non eſt id quod definitione exponitur; illius quidem eſt quid eſt & definitio; ſed ipſum <lb></lb>non eſt: itaque definitur quòd eius eſſentia quæritur; non definitur autem, quia partes eius non <lb></lb>omnes explicantur definitione. </s> <s>Adde etiam; quia non videtur item abſurdum Ariſtoteli totam <lb></lb>quiditatem eſſe totum hominem qui mente <expan abbr="cõprehendendus">comprehendendus</expan> eſt: idem quoque teſtabatur Auer<lb></lb>roës. </s> <s>Neque enim quiditas eſt ſine mente: ideò & id explicat primò quod eſt in mente; & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>homo ille qui eſt in mente, compoſitus eſt ex materia & forma: non verebor etiam dicere totam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg750"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>formam ex eiſdem partibus eſſe <expan abbr="cõpoſitam">compoſitam</expan>: nam materia quę mente concipitur & eſt toto prior, <lb></lb>eſt pars formæ; & vt Ariſtotelico verbo vtar; eius formæ, quæ eſt quiditas. <foreign lang="grc">μέρως μέν ὁ̂υν ἔστὶ, <lb></lb>καὶ τοῦ εῖδους</foreign>. </s> <s>“Pars igitur eſt formæ; nempe ea materia ſine qua forma cogitari non poteſt”, & <lb></lb>cùm <foreign lang="grc">εῖδος</foreign> & forma ſit vox ambigua qua notatur ſpecies, & qualitas, vnde eſſentia deriuatur; ne <lb></lb>labamur in hoc; & ſpeciei partem ſuſpicemur eſſe ſolum materiam; ſeipſum explicat Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>dicens, “<foreign lang="grc">εἶδός δὲ λὲγο τὸ τί ἧν εἷναι</foreign>”. </s> <s>ideſt formam <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dico quod quid erat eſſe. </s> <s>Nam quamuis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg751"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſtea T. 37. videatur monuiſſe carnes & oſſa non eſſe formæ partes, ſed materiam; tametſi <expan abbr="mẽ-te">men<lb></lb>te</expan> ſeuocari nequeat ab illis forma, quòd ſine illis non exiſtit; memineris iam Ariſtotelem diſtin<lb></lb>xiſſe partes in eas quæ ſunt priores & poſteriores toto, atque aſſeueraſſe eas quæ ſunt toto prio<lb></lb>res, eſſe partem definitionis, formę ac quiditatis; ſed enim carnes & oſſa huiuſmodi non eſſe, & <lb></lb>ita ſe habere ad formam vt æs ad circulum, vt ſi omnes circuli ænei forent: nihilo enim magis eſ<lb></lb>ſet eſſentiæ pars: at non ita de corde iudicandum eſt. </s> <s>Verùm quòd vtraque ſunt in mente, mate<lb></lb>ria, non quidem ſenſilis, ſed mente comprehendenda eſt in eo quod definitur, & definitione. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>propter neque etiam id verendum eſt, ne quamuis vniuerſa quiditas <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> rei eſſentiam explicet; <lb></lb>totum <expan abbr="definitũ">definitum</expan> exponat: eſt enim vt totum exponit, quippe, id quod ſola mente <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>, <pb pagenum="84"></pb>& eſt vt partem ſolam exprimit, vtpotè, ſi referatur ad id quod ex materia ſenſili conſtituitur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg752"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nam de hoc materiæ genere verba facere Ariſtotelem id ſignificat, quòd illud arcet, vt <expan abbr="indefinitũ">indefinitum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed illa materia, quæ facta eſt intelligenda, & prior eſt toto, certa eſt & præfinita, <expan abbr="perpetuoq́">perpetuoque</expan>. </s> <s>per<lb></lb>manet in re. </s> <s>Et id etiam confirmant verba Philoſophi T. 39. oſtendentis aliqua in ſua quiditate <lb></lb>continere materiam. </s> <s>Neque verò intelligendam ſolam, quæ genere exprimi ſolet; quandò non <lb></lb>aliqua definitio talem materiam contineret, ſed omnes æqualiter; nec magis eiuſmodi definitio <lb></lb>naturalis eſſet quàm mathematica, vel metaphyſica, cùm omnes in ſuis definitionibus tale mate<lb></lb>riæ genus vſurpent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo cùm opponitur, formam non <expan abbr="coĩturam">cointuram</expan> cum materia pro<lb></lb>pter abſolutam formæ perfectionem, non me valde mouet; quia ſua perfectione contenta eſt for<lb></lb>ma quæ in coniunctione materiæ poſita eſt, aliter forma non eſſet: at illa perfectio repugnat con<lb></lb>iunctioni quæ collocatur in ea ſubſtantia quæ ſeparari poteſt, & conſiſtere per ſeipſa, vt compo<lb></lb>ſitum, atque illud quidem quod eſt ſpecies extrema, & atomos, & ea quæ prorſus ab omni mate<lb></lb>riæ genere ſecernuntur, & eſt, vt vno verbo dicam, eius perfectio vt vniuerſitatis non extenſiua. <lb></lb></s> <s>hæc eſt in compoſito, & repudiat coniunctionem, illa non item. </s> <s>Et falſum illud; nullum fore di<lb></lb>ſcrimen inter formas quæ abhorrent à materia, ac materia concretas; cùm materia concretæ <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> <lb></lb>à materia ſenſili mente ſeparentur, non à materia ſimpliciter, & ſuaptè natura <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> perpetuò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg753"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſpiciant; quæ verò ſunt à materia diſiunctæ nullam habent affinitatem cum materia. </s> <s>Idcircò <lb></lb>in eorum ſententiam venio qui ſtatuunt materiam in definitione naturali, velut eſſentiæ partem <lb></lb>fore ſumendam. </s> <s>Quanquàm non ita arbitror omne materiæ ſenſilis vniuerſalis genus in defini<lb></lb>tione vſurpandum, vt credidit D. Thomas; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed eius tantùm materię ſenſilis, quæ <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> prior <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg754"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſet. </s> <s>vbi relinquatur hoc materiæ genus in methodo naturali, <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> eſſe imperfectam, aut <lb></lb>non naturalem; quia totum nobis non referat quod eſt definitione euoluendum; & neceſſariam <lb></lb>partem rei relinquat; eſt enim tale formæ genus quod addicitur certæ materiæ, non vt mathema<lb></lb>tica. </s> <s>Quamobrem huc ego rem vniuerſam deducerem. </s> <s>Definitionem ſimpliciter eſſe explicatio<lb></lb>nem formæ, & eſſentiam ſimpliciter à forma deriuari. </s> <s>Quia verò duplex eſt ratio ſpectandi eſſen<lb></lb>tias; & eſſentiæ rerum non vniuſmodi; cùm aliæ pendeant ex materia ſenſili, nonnullæ ſint illius <lb></lb>expertes, an re, an cogitatione ſola; earum quę pendent ex materia, nec ab ipſa ne cogitatione qui<lb></lb>dem auelluntur; ſicuti pendent in eo quòd ſunt à materia, explicationem quoque ſine materia <lb></lb>tradi non poſſe, & eam non eſſe definitionem ſimpliciter, ſed definitionem naturalem rei quate<lb></lb>nus eſt naturalis, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>in genere vel differentia contineri: & quidem in methodo naturali, tan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg755"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam partem eſſentiæ naturalis; in cęteris methodis quæ materiam ſenſilem non ſpectant; ex ne<lb></lb>ceſsitate conſecutionis ſolum: cęterùm ſine materia ſenſili definitionem quidem eſſe poſſe, atque <lb></lb>illam in ſuo genere abſolutam, vt in prima philoſophia, & mathematicis; veruntamen non natu<lb></lb>ralem: nam conſideratio materiæ naturalis eſt propria: & hoc nomine philoſophus naturalis à <lb></lb>cęteris ſeparatur; ex eo enim quòd applicat cęteras cauſſas ad materiam, naturalis appellatur: nec <lb></lb>ſanè quòd ſolam materiam conſideret; quòd eſſet hæc imperfecta conſideratio; ſed quia cum reli<lb></lb>quis cauſsis ſpeculetur materiam. </s> <s>Ariſtotelem verò puto in libris primę philoſophiæ ſæpè <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>& eſſentiam accepiſſe pro eodem, & formæ ſolius in hoc officio meminiſſe, neglexiſſe materiam <lb></lb>non vna de cauſſa. </s> <s>Cùm enim ſit ſpeculator communis & vniuerſalis & generalem <expan abbr="perſonã">perſonam</expan> ſu<lb></lb>ſtineat, neque addictam cuipiam conſiderationi ſpeciali, cuiuſmodi in phyſicis, aut mathematicis <lb></lb>habetur, ea debet tradere quę generalia ſunt: generale verò cuique ſpeculatori eſt definire per for<lb></lb>mam: materiam nonnulli negligunt; idcirco definitiones & quid eſt ex ſola forma aſsignat. </s> <s>Aut ſi <lb></lb>tibi ſuſpecta eſt hæc ſolutio, quia nimirum logicus, etiam ſit artifex, eodem planè modo commu<lb></lb>nis, & tamen dicitur per omne cauſſarum genus definire; accipito ipſum conſiderare eſſentiam vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg756"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>totum ſecundum formam, non ſecundum materiam & extentum in ſuis partibus: eſt enim non <lb></lb>in ipſis partibus poſita eſſentiæ ratio, ſed in ipſa vniuerſitate. </s> <s>& ita planè ſe habet in eſſentia, velut <lb></lb>in numeris; etenim ſi octo ſumpſeris & cùm quatuor contuleris exiſtit ratio dupli; atque ita hæc <lb></lb>ratio in octo conſiſtit, vt ſi vnum demas; continuò ratio commutetur, & vbi erat dupli efficiatur <lb></lb>ſuperpartiens quartas: proinde eſſentiæ poſitæ ſunt in certa ratione. </s> <s>Aut etiam quòd non omittat <lb></lb>materiam, ſed tribuat formæ quid eſt, cùm forma abſoluat quiditatem, & ſit potiſsima pars per <lb></lb>quam res eſt, & ibi ſpectans proprietates entis, quatenus eſt, tribuat vniuerſam eſſentiam formæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>& fortè ob omnes haſce cauſſas ita factitarit. </s> <s>Nec quamuis aliæ methodi materiam omittant; id<lb></lb>circo degenerant in dialecticen; nec earum definitiones communes <expan abbr="vanęq́">vanęque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt, quemadmodum <lb></lb>ſi in methodo naturali traderentur: optimè enim explent ſuum munus, quòd materiæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> egeant; <lb></lb>ſed in naturali planè non præſtarent id quod ipſa deſiderat. </s> <s>Proinde quamuis ad rem ipſam quę <lb></lb>ſæpè eſt in materia, fortaſſe parum; at ſatis certè ad methodum. </s> <s>& hoc videtur fuiſſe iudicium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Philoſophi 1. de Anim. </s> <s>Quanquàm alicui mirabile videri potuit: cur eam definitionem quæ ma<lb></lb>teria ſola conſiſteret; naturalem ſanè ſtatueret; ſed imperfectam; & quæ per formam dialecti<lb></lb>cam; quandò & naturalis ſpectat formam; <expan abbr="multoq́ue">multoque</expan> magis habet eius rationem, quàm materiæ. <pb pagenum="85"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg757"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Potuit ergo dici eam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſſe naturalem, ſed <expan abbr="imperfectã">imperfectam</expan>, ſicuti dictum eſt de ea quæ poſita eſt in <lb></lb>ſola materia. </s> <s>& dialecticus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> cauſſæ genus tractare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt quod ipſe non attingere queat; & <lb></lb>apud <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> non minus ritè <expan abbr="diſputatũ">diſputatum</expan> fuerit de definitione, ſi interroget, aut <expan abbr="reſpõdeat">reſpondeat</expan> an accenſio ſan<lb></lb>guinis ſit irę definitio, quę <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſi <expan abbr="quęrat̃">quęratur</expan> ſit'ne eius definitio appetitus vltionis quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex forma. </s> <s>Addo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dialecticus accipiat <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> cauſſas; cur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ea quę <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex forma & mate<lb></lb>ria, <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> phyſica, non dialectica? </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quę <expan abbr="cõſiderat">conſiderat</expan> vtraſque cauſſas ſeorſum; quid abſurdi eſt, ſi ſpe<lb></lb>ctet <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vtraſque coniunctim? </s> <s><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> pertinet ad primas illas obiectiones, fortè dici poſſet, Ariſt. </s> <s>ibi <lb></lb>non diſtinguere definitiones ex <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali <expan abbr="ſcientiarũ">ſcientiarum</expan>, ſed è ſcopo, hoc eſt ex eo quod potiſsimè re<lb></lb>ſpicitur in methodo. </s> <s>Quòd igitur in dialectica illa definitio quę per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> traditur, eſt perfecta; in <lb></lb>phyſicis imperfecta, & aſſumptione materię <expan abbr="ſupplẽda">ſupplenda</expan>; ſic definitio per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> dialectico tribuit, ne<lb></lb>que tollit hoc, quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dialecticus in ſuis diſputationib. <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> aliud cauſſę genus vſurpet: neque <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ex <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr="vetabit̃">vetabitur</expan>, quominus philoſophus naturalis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> definiat per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſed illud <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtituet̃">conſtituetur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="imperfectã">imperfectam</expan>. </s> <s>eſt verò perfecta definitio per <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in dialectica, quae abundè <expan abbr="p̃ſtat">praeſtat</expan> <lb></lb>idquod à dialectico <expan abbr="deſiderat̃">deſideratur</expan>: vult <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> noſſe quid eſt, quod ipſe ab omni <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> genere ſeorſum ducit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Cęterũ">Cęterum</expan> <expan abbr="opponã">opponam</expan> & <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> ex materia apud <expan abbr="dialecticũ">dialecticum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="perfectã">perfectam</expan>; ergo & hęc erat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg758"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dialectico tribuenda, velut ea quę ex forma; <expan abbr="tantoq́">tantoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, quantò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> forma <expan abbr="ſpectat̃">ſpectatur</expan> magis à natu<lb></lb>rali. </s> <s>Poſſes ad hęc dicere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſequi id quod <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> materia ſola determinetur phyſica methodus: <lb></lb>itaque & ſi quoad <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan> forma flagitatur, at hoc <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> quo naturalis methodus <expan abbr="cõſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan>, maius, <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> materię <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> formæ; quapropter definitio ex materia naturali <expan abbr="cõmittit̃">committitur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dialectico. </s> <s>ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="efficiet̃">efficietur</expan>, vt ab vtroque <expan abbr="tractet̃">tractetur</expan>, & <expan abbr="dicat̃">dicatur</expan> eſſe propria naturalis. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> tibi placet Ariſt. </s> <s>prius obſeruaſſe <lb></lb>illa quæ ſunt ſcopi; pòſt ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt ex <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali methodi, neque tibi inconſtantia <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>, vt mihi, <lb></lb>potes hoc modo defendere Ariſt. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> reſtabit <expan abbr="explicandũ">explicandum</expan>, cur definitio per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> & vana <lb></lb>reputetur. </s> <s>Reſpondebat Zimara <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia <expan abbr="conſiderarent̃">conſiderarentur</expan> cauſſę <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> abſtractè; neque applicarentur ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg759"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>effectus. </s> <s>At mihi <expan abbr="quęrendũ">quęrendum</expan> ſuccurrit, cur dialecticę <expan abbr="vocent̃">vocentur</expan>; quaſi verò dialecticus & de cauſſa & de<lb></lb>finitione, & <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> diſſerere nequeat; neque ſpectet <expan abbr="vtrũ">vtrum</expan> hoc huius ſit <lb></lb>cauſſa & definitio; nec'ne. </s> <s><expan abbr="Dicũt">Dicunt</expan> alij <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſpectari <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> vniuerſali. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cęterũ">Cęterum</expan> <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> ambigua <expan abbr="rñſio">responſio</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ſi <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> à materia ſeparata; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo dialectica; <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mathematica & eius philoſophiæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſequitur <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>: ſi <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, quia forma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="accipiat̃">accipiatur</expan> quæ ſit propria rei, vt ſub attributis <expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> & ea <lb></lb>quoque phyſici eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quippe qui formas <expan abbr="perſequat̃">perſequatur</expan> ab vltimis vſque ad primas; & de proxima <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> adhuc dubitari queat, an à materia ſeparata ſit phyſici, an dialectici. </s> <s>Hic ego <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ne difficul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg760"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tatẽ">tatem</expan> ſubterfugere videar; his obiectionibus reſiſtere conabor: deinde de auctoritate Ariſt. </s> <s>dicam quod <lb></lb>ſentio. </s> <s>Noſti in primis dialecticen accipi multis modis: nanque dialectica apud <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> valebat <lb></lb>àc prima philoſophia; deinde dialectica ab analytica diſtincta, & à cęteris facultatibus & ſcientiis, <lb></lb>quippe quae illæ ex propriis <expan abbr="cõcludant">concludant</expan>, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> propria ſunt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo inſunt, quatenus ipſum, ſed <lb></lb>in alia reſolui <expan abbr="nequeũt">nequeunt</expan>, veluti principia naturalis, aut diuinę: hęc verò ex <expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> & <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> eſſe ve<lb></lb>ra; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſariò <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eiuſmodi ſunt. </s> <s>Tertiò dialectica <expan abbr="cõprehendit">comprehendit</expan> analyticen, cui ſubiecta ſunt inſtru<lb></lb>menta <expan abbr="ſcientiarũ">ſcientiarum</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſolet appellari logicè. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> analyticè ſit methodus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ita ſe habet ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg761"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> vas, vt ſextarius ad <expan abbr="triticũ">triticum</expan>, fruges, & legumina; <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> eſt, & tradit regulas <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> per vni<lb></lb>uerſos habitus pertineant <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> dicere contingit, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> cauſſas <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> quas <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in ſuis in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg762"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtrumentis referat ad <expan abbr="prędicationẽ">prędicationem</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> conuenit formæ, & qua <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan> interrogatio quid eſt; ita ex <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> cauſsis <expan abbr="exiſtimat̃">exiſtimatur</expan> petere quid eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſæ <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> logicè <expan abbr="dicunt̃">dicuntur</expan> explicare quid eſt, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="p̃-ſtatur">pn<lb></lb>ſtatur</expan> in ſcientiis: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habet analyticè proprij, niſi quod attinet ad <expan abbr="fabricã">fabricam</expan> <expan abbr="inſtrumentorũ">inſtrumentorum</expan> cognitio<lb></lb>nis. </s> <s>Quia verò ſingulę vniuerſam rei <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exponunt, <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan> <expan abbr="appellant̃">appellantur</expan>, & forma <expan abbr="p̃cipuè">pncipuè</expan> ſine ma<lb></lb>teria, quae ſit <expan abbr="p̃tereà">praetereà</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> prior. </s> <s>Ergo dialecticę & <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan>, i. </s> <s>logicę <expan abbr="dicunt̃">dicuntur</expan> definitiones à materia formam <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſeparãtes">ſeparantes</expan>, eam .ſ. </s> <s>quæ eſt materiata, & <expan abbr="conſiderat̃">conſideratur</expan> in rebus ſenſilib. vt ſiquis <expan abbr="ambulationẽ">ambulationem</expan> ſine pedib. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg763"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>definiret: de talib. n. formis fit ſermo: <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> ſi poſteà <expan abbr="coniungant̃">coniungantur</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> materia fiunt abſolutè naturales, <lb></lb>& eius <expan abbr="ſciẽtiæ">ſcientiæ</expan> propriæ. </s> <s>Quòd ſi dialectica propriè ſumatur qui eſt habitus, ſeu facultas <expan abbr="diſſerẽdi">diſſerendi</expan> de <lb></lb><expan abbr="quocũque">quocunque</expan> propoſito problemate probabiliter, & <expan abbr="ſeorsũ">ſeorsum</expan> ex quaque cauſſa definitio perfecta foret, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõiunctim">coniunctim</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> etſi <expan abbr="cõiunctim">coniunctim</expan> fit propria methodi naturalis; at modus quo <expan abbr="tractat̃">tractatur</expan> à dialecti<lb></lb>co definitio, redderet <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ab ipſo problematicè <expan abbr="exquirat̃">exquiratur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtrũ">Vtrum</expan> animal <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <expan abbr="cõpos-ſit">compos<lb></lb>ſit</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩ">hoim</expan> definitio, nec'ne. </s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> tollitur poſtrema illa obiectio, ſi dialectica diffinit per <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> genera <lb></lb><expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> ſeparatim, cur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> & <expan abbr="cõiunctim">coniunctim</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq;">Atque</expan> hęc ad difficultates propoſitas, ac ſiquis ſenſum <expan abbr="vul-gatũ">vul<lb></lb>gatum</expan> & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aſſertione exprimat ex illo <expan abbr="cõtextu">contextu</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quanquã">Quanquam</expan> mihi nil <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> in eo loco aſſerere Ariſt. </s> <s>at<lb></lb>que vt id <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> fiat, libet proponere verba Philoſophi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>. <foreign lang="grc">Διαφερόντως δ̓ ἅν ὁρισαιρ <lb></lb>ὁ φυσικός τε καὶ ὁ διαλεκτικός ἓκαστον αὐτῶν</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Differẽter">Differenter</expan> <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> diffiniuerit .i. </s> <s>diffinire poſſet & phyſi<lb></lb>cus & dialecticus <expan abbr="vnũquodq;">vnunquodque</expan> <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan>. </s> <s>& iraſci & amare quod vides planè <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dubitatione <expan abbr="prolatũ">prolatum</expan>, <expan abbr="quẽ-admodũ">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> & alia multa <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad <expan abbr="inueſtigandã">inueſtigandam</expan> animi <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ante propoſita fuerant. </s> <s>Dubitatio verò talis <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> ſint diuerſa <expan abbr="definitionũ">definitionum</expan> genera per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, per vtrunque, eſt'ne definitio per <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> dialectici: per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> verò phyſici? </s> <s>& hoc <expan abbr="exẽplis">exemplis</expan> illuſtrat. </s> <s>Vt ita quid eſt, hic .n .ſ. </s> <s>dialecticus vl<lb></lb>tionis <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan>, aut aliquid <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>; ille verò, qui eſt phyſicus <expan abbr="feruorẽ">feruorem</expan> ſanguinis <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> cor, aut calidi: <pb pagenum="86"></pb><expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> verò hic <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> aſsignat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ille verò <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">λόγος & εῖδος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁ μεν γάρ</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg764"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">λόγος ὁ δὲ τοῦ πράγματος</foreign>. </s> <s>hęc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio .i. </s> <s>definitio, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> appetitus vltionis eſt ratio, hoc eſt, froma <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc"> δὲ τοῦ πράγματος</foreign>, illa verò rei, i. </s> <s>illa definitio feruor ſanguinis qui <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> cor, aut calidi eſt rei quod<lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quod exiſtit actu eſt: atqui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> forma extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſed in materia; hoc verò <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt <expan abbr="cõ-poſitum">con<lb></lb>poſitum</expan>. </s> <s>oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> in tali materia, ſi exiſtet, vt in ędificio ratio talis eſſe poterit, quae eſt <expan abbr="integu-mentũ">integu<lb></lb>mentum</expan>, quod prohibet <expan abbr="noxã">noxam</expan> quę infertur à ventis, & imbribus & ęſtib. Hic verò .ſ. </s> <s>definiens dicet lapi<lb></lb>des, & lateres, & ligna: alter <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> in his <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> gratia. <foreign lang="grc">Τις οῦν ὁ φυσἰκὺς τοῦτων</foreign>; Quis <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> na<lb></lb>turalis? </s> <s>En tibi Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="dubitantẽ">dubitantem</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aſſerentẽ">aſſerentem</expan> <expan abbr="dialecticũ">dialecticum</expan> definite per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. </s> <s>Nunquid ilie qui <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>, <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> verò <expan abbr="ignorãs">ignorans</expan>, an qui per <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan>; an potius qui ex vtriſque? </s> <s>Vbi <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> videre potes ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>nihil eſſe <expan abbr="aſſertũ">aſſertum</expan>, quae definitio p <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſit naturalis. </s> <s>Rurſus interrogat <foreign lang="grc">ἐχθ́νων δέ τὴτις ἑχατεζος</foreign>; <lb></lb>ideſt, <expan abbr="vterq;">vterque</expan> <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> quis erit? </s> <s>i. qui aut per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan>, aut per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> definiet; phyſicus'ne <lb></lb>an dialecticus; an alius <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> pręter hos? </s> <s>quę verba <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> relata ſunt ab interpretibus ad <foreign lang="grc">λὁγον</foreign>, vt ſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſermonẽ">ſermonem</expan> dixeris <expan abbr="explicantẽ">explicantem</expan> quid eſt; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="referẽda">referenda</expan> ſint ad <foreign lang="grc">τὸν ὁζιξον<gap></gap>α</foreign>. </s> <s>& ſimilitudo generis in cauſſa <lb></lb>fuit erroris. </s> <s><expan abbr="Rñdet">Respondet</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> diſtinctione <expan abbr="ſcientiarũ">ſcientiarum</expan>, quae <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> eſt de rebus in materia, quatenus <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>; <lb></lb>alia de reb. <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt in materia <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, non quoad ſunt in materia, tertia quę de ſeparatis à materia: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq;">itaque</expan> inquit. </s> <s>An <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt aliquis qui verſetur in materiæ paſsionib. <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt ſeparabiles <foreign lang="grc">μη δ' ἧχωριστὰ</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>i. </s> <s>quatenus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt ſeparabiles; ſed phyſicus de <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="quęcũq;">quęcunque</expan> talis ſunt corporis, & <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> materiæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg765"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opera, & paſsiones. </s> <s><expan abbr="quęcunq;">quęcunque</expan> verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerint eiuſmodi, alius; & de <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> artifex, ſi euene<lb></lb>rit, i. </s> <s>fortè, vt faber, aut medicus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> faber de naturalibus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, non vt naturalia ſunt agit, vt qui de ma<lb></lb>chinis: etenim aliqua de mathematicis aſſumit; & fortè medicus, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> tractat vulnera circularia, <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="geometrã">geometram</expan> confugit. </s> <s>Reliqua ſunt perſpicua. </s> <s>Ex qua interpretatione, qua nulla <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> verbis Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõ-gruit">con<lb></lb>gruit</expan> magis; optimè cernis nihil ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> de definitione dialectica, & hinc <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="Latinorũ">Latinorum</expan> <lb></lb>nugas atque dubitationes proſterni, & profligari. </s> <s>Sic igitur conſideratio <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> in materia ſenſili, <lb></lb>quatenus <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, vniuerſa eſt phyſica, ex quo definitiones <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> naturales abſolutæ ex materia conſta<lb></lb>bunt, & illa, <expan abbr="vbicunq;">vbicunque</expan> facta fuerit intelligenda, hoc eſt, à <expan abbr="cõditionib">conditionib</expan>. </s> <s>indiuidui ſecreta, quę toto prior <lb></lb>erit, formæ pars erit & quiditatis naturalis; quae ab eo forma nequeat, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> cogitationis virtute di<lb></lb>uelli. </s> <s><expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">Propterea</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> male Lat. 1. de ortu diuiſerunt partes in materiales, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> formales has, quae formę partes <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="cenſerẽt">cenſerent</expan>, illas quae ſolius materiæ <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> <expan abbr="ſuſtinerẽt">ſuſtinerent</expan>. </s> <s>Et illæ materia à Philoſopho propriè nuncupatę, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> docuerit partes eſſe rei quæ <expan abbr="definiẽda">definienda</expan> eſt, & definitionem docere ſanè quid eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> ex ea <lb></lb>materia in qua actu forma conſiſtit, ſed <expan abbr="euolutionẽ">euolutionem</expan> eius quod à tali materia ſecretum eſt quod eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> àc <lb></lb>quiditas quæ eſt ex forma; monuit hæc <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <expan abbr="cõgruere">congruere</expan> partes rei, partes definitionis, <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>, quidi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg766"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatis, ac formę: <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan> has eſſe formas & quid eſt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quiditas & forma ſunt indiuidua <lb></lb>& tota formaliter, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> partes <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> eſſe quę ſunt materia per ſeipſas, vti partes domus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ſeparatę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt domus, ſed partes & materia. </s> <s>Reſtat nunc vt nonnullus <expan abbr="antagoniſtarũ">antagoniſtarum</expan> <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> diſſol<lb></lb>uamus, ſiquid fallacię <expan abbr="cõtinent">continent</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> è noſtris dictis ſeorſum ſit <expan abbr="indicãda">indicanda</expan>. </s> <s>Occurrit <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> nobis Auerroës <lb></lb><expan abbr="inquiẽs">inquiens</expan>, <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> <expan abbr="quiditatẽ">quiditatem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> vno modo, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> verò alio modo; eſſe <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, i. </s> <s><expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan>, non eſſe <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, qui eſt <expan abbr="cõgregatus">congregatus</expan> ex materia & forma, quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſunt Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſius dicta; ex <lb></lb>quib. apparet <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> <expan abbr="quiditatẽ">quiditatem</expan>, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> verò <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. </s> <s>Et verò id <expan abbr="aſſeueratũ">aſſeueratum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Sed me<lb></lb>miniſſe oportet, <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> nobis <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> offerri <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="vniuerſalẽ">vniuerſalem</expan> <expan abbr="collectũ">collectum</expan> ex hiſce ſingularib. in quo, <lb></lb>vel vt rectius <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>, in notione cuius continetur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> materies in qua ſubſiſtit actu forma quippe car<lb></lb>nes, & oſſa, quę toto poſterior eſt; <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> verò, qui eſt homo <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan> officio ſeparatus ab hac materia, <lb></lb>ſola ea reſeruata, ſine qua forma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> nec eſſe neque cogitari, vt corpus <expan abbr="organicũ">organicum</expan>, qui eſt alius ab <lb></lb><expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> illo primo, & eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, atque eſſentia & quiditas ac forma quę definitione euoluitur: atqui <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <lb></lb>pars eſt ea materia, quę toto prior eſt; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan> à forma, vt <expan abbr="quicũque">quicunque</expan> dicit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſignificet vnà tale materię genus. </s> <s><expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan> definitur ille primus homo, quia primò nobis obiicitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg767"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& nos cupimus noſſe quid eſt: ergo eius eſt definitio, ſed per <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> explicatur alter ille homo <lb></lb>qui pars eſt huius: nanque hic ex materia conſtat quę toto poſterior eſt, & infinita, ille verò eſt for<lb></lb>ma ipſa & quiditas cuius <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> pars ſit materia toto prior, ergo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> per tale materiæ genus <expan abbr="explicat̃">explicatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur quiditas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt homo ille primus, ſed hic poſterior, ille habet <expan abbr="quiditatẽ">quiditatem</expan> & in eo materia toto <lb></lb>poſterior ſumitur quę excluditur quiditate: altera <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma, vtpotè pars formę <expan abbr="numerat̃">numeratur</expan>. </s> <s>Hęc pars, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> toto prior ſit, à poſteriore ſeuocari poteſt; itaque ſine forma concipitur; at ſine ipſa forma nullo <lb></lb>modo cogitatione <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>. </s> <s>ex quo efficitur, vt per ſeipſam abſoluat <expan abbr="qõnem">quaestionem</expan>, ex quo res eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>reſoluitur in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; vt ſi quęratur ex quo <expan abbr="animãs">animans</expan> exiſtat, dicam ex corpore difformi, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> quę<lb></lb>ritur quid, quod reſoluitur in <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit eius pars, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma <expan abbr="cõcipitur">concipitur</expan>, nec ab eo materię genere <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan> in ſolutione <expan abbr="qõnis">quaestionis</expan>. </s> <s>animans <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> i. quod <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex <expan abbr="aĩo">animo</expan> qui eſt actus eiuſmodi corporis. </s> <s>Hinc noto <lb></lb><expan abbr="qõnẽ">quaestionem</expan> de materia <expan abbr="p̃cedere">procedere</expan> <expan abbr="qõni">quaestioni</expan> de forma <expan abbr="tp̃e">tempore</expan> & origine, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> quae à forma <expan abbr="ſegregat̃">ſegregatur</expan>, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> quae eſt in genera<lb></lb>tione, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma abſit, & ea præſente motui terminus imponatur: neque <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſimpliciter, quòd forma <lb></lb>& actus natura poteſtati <expan abbr="formęq́">formęque</expan>. </s> <s>pręcedunt. </s> <s>Quæ verò opponit Achillinus, de illa materia dantur <lb></lb>quæ poſterior eſt toto: hęc enim non eſt pars quiditatis, ſed pars ſubſtantię compoſitę, & vehicu<lb></lb>lum quiditatis; de illa quæ toto prior eſt, hęc nos aſſerimus eſſe partem quiditatis & formę, & par <pb pagenum="87"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg768"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tem eſſentialem non modo compoſiti, ſed illius totius quod mens à conditionibus ſenſilibus & <lb></lb>materia poſteriore ſecernit, quod iam eſt idem cum eſſentia. </s> <s>Atque ita interpretor auctoritates <lb></lb>omnium eorum qui materiam definitione pellunt, aut ab illis diſſentio, ſi omne materię genus ex<lb></lb>cludunt quiditate. </s> <s>& eam autumo <expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan> in exponendis rebus quę materia conſtant, quatenus <lb></lb>huiuſmodi & in naturali philoſophia potiſsimè. </s> <s>Ergo phyſicus adhibet in ſua definitione mate<lb></lb>riam. </s> <s>Quid de fine, & efficientes? </s> <s>An etiam ille, cùm ſpectet non modò rei naturam, ſed exortus & <lb></lb>mutationes, ea quæ illorum principia ſunt, ſunt verò efficiens & finis in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> definitione cogetur <lb></lb>vſurpare, & in hoc à primo philoſopho & mathematico ſeparabitur, qui cùm <expan abbr="tractẽt">tractent</expan> immobilia, <lb></lb>negligunt eiuſmodi genera <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>. </s> <s>Nec quanuis primus philoſophus diſſerat de primo fine & <lb></lb>per ipſum aliqua <expan abbr="demõſtret">demonſtret</expan>, ideò tractat principia motus, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> finis rei genitę & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, qua<lb></lb>tenus ſunt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> generationis, qualis ponitur phyſico: <expan abbr="p̃p̃ea">propterea</expan> ſecretus ille à motu, noſter recipit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg739"></margin.target>a 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg740"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg741"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg742"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg743"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg744"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg745"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg746"></margin.target>Ad I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg747"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg748"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg749"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 34. apud <lb></lb>Alexand.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg750"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg751"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 65.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg752"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg753"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg754"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg755"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg756"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg757"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg758"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg759"></margin.target>a Contr. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg760"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg761"></margin.target>b 1. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg762"></margin.target>c 6. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg763"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg764"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg765"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg766"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg767"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg768"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur è Mathematicis nonnullæ naturales appellentur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS viſum eſt quæ ſit materia ſenſilis quam tractat naturalis, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>in eius contemplatione verſetur. </s> <s>Nam pręterquàm quòd ab ea formas ſegregare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>tùm quòd ipſi perpetuò ſunt affixæ & illam, veluti ſui partem continent quæ ſicuti <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ac<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg769"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cidentium ſenſilium, concipitur ex accidentibus tanquàm iis quæ ad principium, vt inter ſe reſpi<lb></lb>cientia referantur; quantumuis ab omni accidente ſubſtantia ſeparetur cauſſas item reddit quę à <lb></lb>materia ſenſili petuntur <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>vim ſedulò perpendit. </s> <s>Horum nihil alij ſcientes <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> primus <lb></lb>philoſophus materię ſenſilis rationem non habet, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> eam accipit vniuersè, & vt quid <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> per <expan abbr="indifferentiã">indifferentiam</expan>, & ipſa ſic generatim ſumpta demonſtrando vtitur. </s> <s>Mathematicus nihil om<lb></lb>nino de ſubſtantia ſenſili cogitat, neque ex materia ſenſili ſuas <expan abbr="demõſtrationes">demonſtrationes</expan> ſtruit: <expan abbr="intelligendã">intelligendam</expan> <lb></lb>materiam ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ſibi vendicat, aut ſiqua ratione ſenſilem <expan abbr="cõtemplatur">contemplatur</expan>, eius affectiones ſolas <lb></lb>explorat, cauſſas ex ea non petit, neque eius obſeruat naturam. </s> <s>ita fit, vt ſolus Aſtronomus de ſen<lb></lb>ſibili ſubſtantia mentionem faciat; explorat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illius accidentia duntaxat, ſed ducit initia ſuarum de<lb></lb>monſtrationum à Geometria. </s> <s>naturalis autem æternitatis cauſſas ab eius materiæ genere perit, ab <lb></lb>eſſentia motus, & ab efficiente: naturam explorat aſtrorum, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>partis quæ <foreign lang="grc">χύμα</foreign> nuncupatur, <lb></lb>eſt verò pellucida; tùm figuras & motuum numerum decernit ex fine. </s> <s>Cùm res ita ſit; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> videtur <lb></lb><expan abbr="reticendũ">reticendum</expan>, cur è mathematicis multę vocentur naturales, Optica, Catoptrica, Mechanica, Harmo<lb></lb>nica, Nautica, ſiue alia quęcunque, quæ <expan abbr="ſignorũ">ſignorum</expan> ortus, & occaſus, & <expan abbr="plagarũ">plagarum</expan> poſituras explorat. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg770"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd de his ſępius meminere philoſophi, & <expan abbr="cõio">conio</expan> nominis aliquam <expan abbr="affinitatẽ">affinitatem</expan> cum hac methodo <lb></lb>ſignificat. </s> <s>Porrò naturales eas dici veriſimile eſt, vel quòd demonſtrando methodum naturalem <lb></lb>imitentur, vel quòd aliquid ab ipſa accipiant. </s> <s>& certè, niſi quis aduertat diligentius, poterit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>huius <expan abbr="auctorẽ">auctorem</expan> ſententię proferre, qui <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> dixerit eas methodos tractare res, vt naturales, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quo ratio tractandi ſignificatur à qua petitur formula demonſtrandi, quòd ea potiſsimè ad ratio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg771"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nẽ">nem</expan> ſubiecti formalem <expan abbr="ſeſe accõmodet">ſeſe accommodet</expan>. </s> <s>Siquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit quod à duabus methodis explicetur, vt homo <lb></lb>à phyſico, & medico, & illa in homine conſiderentur quę valeant ad inſtaurandam bonam valetu<lb></lb>dinem, eſt verò hæc ratio, qua homo tractatur à medico; <expan abbr="diſputationẽ">diſputationem</expan> dicemus eſſe medicam, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>naturalem. </s> <s>ratione autem tractandi & formula demonſtrationis, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſcientię determinentur: erunt <lb></lb>igitur phyſicæ non mathematicę quę <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in mathematicis ſimpliciter reponuntur, & na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg772"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turales quodammodo habentur. </s> <s>Idem forte <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> eſt, ſi has methodos à naturali prin<lb></lb>cipia ſumere dicamus. </s> <s>quandò principia cum ſubiecto, atque illo quidem, non vt materia; ſed cui <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>tractandi ſit adiecta, congruere oporteat: itaque etiam in hac hypotheſi methodus <lb></lb>illa non erit mathematica, ſed naturalis. </s> <s>Ergo id quod accipient hę methodi à naturali, ad rem ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg773"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſam pertinebit quæ tractatur à phyſico. </s> <s>Quia verò hęc ſunt, aut ſubiectum, eiusúe partes, aut affe<lb></lb>ctiones. </s> <s>Non videntur mutuari ſubiectum eo quòd eſt ſubſtantia; mathematicę verò ſubſtantiam <lb></lb>non contemplantur, aut vna Aſtronomia, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Affectiones verò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſpectentur vt naturales; <lb></lb>ea verò tractatio materiam ſenſilem accipiat; profectò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> iſtę methodi tale materię genus admit<lb></lb>tent: itaque non diſtinguentur à naturali. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò omnis controuerſia tolletur, ſi <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> <lb></lb>facultatum merita doceamus. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> id facilius perſpiciatur. </s> <s>duo <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> termini ſtatuantur, hinc <lb></lb>Geometria & Arithmetica, illinc naturalis, & eæ quas è mathematicis appellamus naturales, <expan abbr="me-diũ">me<lb></lb>dium</expan> locum obtineant. </s> <s>Geometria <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> & Arithmetica <expan abbr="cõſiderant">conſiderant</expan> affectiones <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, <lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, hęc verò numerum: ſed illas ita conſiderant à ſenſili materia ſegregantes <lb></lb>cùm ſubiectum, tùm item affectiones, eas aſſumentes quę non ſunt ſenſiles. </s> <s>Conſideratio phyſica <lb></lb>vniuerſa eſt cum materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Inter has media ſunt Optica, & Catoptrica, quæ ſanè lineam <lb></lb>mathematicam accipiunt, quippe à corpore ſeparatam, nec quidem abſolutè, aut à materia: ne<lb></lb>que enim plus poſſunt, immò minus quàm Geometer, neque à corpore ſimpliciter, quòd <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ipſa <lb></lb>cogitent affectiones naturales quæ neque re, neque mente ſeuocari poſſunt à corpore naturali; <lb></lb>ſed quòd eam conſiderent, vt nulli certo corpori affixam, quam phyſicus in aëre, aut aqua vitroúe <pb pagenum="88"></pb>cogitaret; illi mox addunt accidentia ſenſilia quibus ipſa affecta eſt. </s> <s>lumen, colorem, diſtantiam, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg774"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vim imaginis, & poſituram. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quòd, tametſi lux ipſa <expan abbr="ſpeciesq́ue">ſpeciesque</expan> coloris per vniuerſum <lb></lb>ſubiectum diffunditur, quod eſt corpus pellucidum cuius iſta ſunt actus qui tamen in indiuiduo <lb></lb>conſiſtunt; cùm ex toto à quoque puncto pellucidi corporis accipiantur, & ex quolibet interualli <lb></lb>medij puncto referant obiectum, vnde emanant, & ſpeciei <expan abbr="lucisq́">lucisque</expan>. </s> <s>proceſſus directò fiat ſic iuben<lb></lb>te natura quæ compendio conſulit; opticus in ea latitudine progreſſum qui directò fiat deſcriptu<lb></lb>rus ipſum ſub linea recta cogitat & deſignat, & denique cuiusque ſpeciei progreſſum ad <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> re<lb></lb>uocat, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> optimo iudicio facit, quia directò ſemper exiſtit in puncto, quaſi ſpecies directò flu<lb></lb>xum puncti efficiat. </s> <s>At hoc eſt è veſtigio linea recta more mathematico procreata. </s> <s>Neque enim <lb></lb>lineam conficit imago, ſed vndique & indiuiduè totum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> informat; atqui linea cogitatur <lb></lb>ab optico qua progreſſus ſpeciei deſcribatur; idcirco eſt linea non naturalis, ſed mathematica. </s> <s>Sic <lb></lb>ergo lineam mathematicam ab optico ſpectari puto. </s> <s>Neque hic audio nonnullos eruditiſsimos <lb></lb>opticos, <expan abbr="eoſdemq́">eoſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>amiciſsimos qui lìneam opticam putant eſſe corpus, vel quia ſit affectum cor<lb></lb>poris qualitatibus vt colore, vel quia nullum <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> cerni poſsit, & idem eſſe cenſent <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> at<lb></lb>que <foreign lang="grc">ὄψιν</foreign>, quem radium vertunt, nos aſpectum. </s> <s>cùm aſpectus tribus lineis inſtar coni finiatur, & <lb></lb>per centrum lineam admittat vſque ad cuſpidem per quam viſio ponitur obiri. </s> <s>Radius planè ter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg775"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minis clauditur vt corpus. </s> <s>Itaque propriè de radio, ſiue aſpectu dicunt optici, quod eius media <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐπιπροστεῖ τοῖς ἂχκροις</foreign>, ideſt, offuſcant extrema; quippe quòd linea quæ per centrum coni fertur, <lb></lb>ſit vt ita dicam, magiſtra viſionis, quem tametſi rectum eſſe confitentur; non idcirco lineam eſſe <lb></lb>autumant, ſed proceſſum tantummodò notant. </s> <s>Nec mea quidem ſententia voluit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe corpus, quia ſit naturalis; tùm quia linea naturalis non eſt corpus: etenim eadem eſt linea na<lb></lb>turalis & mathematica, atque idem <expan abbr="mathematicũ">mathematicum</expan> corpus, & naturale, ſi auſcultamus Ariſtoteli; <lb></lb>tùm etiam quia linea illa eſt mathematica quæ non eſt corpus. </s> <s>Neque obſtat quòd <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>cernatur, aut non poſsit eſſe affectum qualitate naturali: id enim pertinet ad indiuiduum, ſi per ſe <lb></lb>extiterit, ſed in alio, & in eo cuius eſt terminus, & qualitates habere, & aſpici poteſt. </s> <s>Sic Harmoni<lb></lb>ca numerum à certis corporibus more Arithmetico diſiunctum ſpectat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> ſimplicium, <lb></lb>vt 4. de cęlo, aut fœtuum, vt in libris de ortu animalium aut principiorum, vt 1. Phy. </s> <s>nihilominus <lb></lb>ipſi apponit accidentia ſenſilia ſonum .ſ. </s> <s>grauitatem, acumen, & concentum. </s> <s>Quocirca ſi <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>ipſarum ſpectes; à Geometra & Arithmetico ſubiectum ſumunt, nam <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> conſiderant quod <lb></lb>eſt à materia ſenſili <expan abbr="ſeiunctũ">ſeiunctum</expan>, accidentia ſumunt à phyſico; & de ſubiecto mathematico <expan abbr="monſtrãt">monſtrant</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg776"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidentia ſenſilia & naturalia. </s> <s>Neque verò te exiſtimare velim opticę ſubiectum eſſe totum hoc <lb></lb>quod dicimus lineam coloratam, aut reflexam: ſed ſubiectum eſt linea, de illa monſtratur color: <lb></lb>vt dum docet, cur exterior pars arcus ſit punimacr;cea, media viridis, & intima purpurea. </s> <s>Itaque cùm <lb></lb>primas obtineat in ſcientia ſubiectum, principia quoque magis conformia ſubiecto capientur, & <lb></lb>methodus ex natura ſubiecti determinabitur. </s> <s>Proinde ſimpliciter erit mathematica; naturalis au<lb></lb>tem aliqua ex parte, cùm rem mathematicam conſideret, quatenus eſt ſenſilis & naturalis. </s> <s>Ad na<lb></lb>turalem reliquæ magis accedunt, Aſtrologia, Nautica, & Mechanica; quippe quòd aliquas ſub<lb></lb>ſtantias, cœlum .ſ. </s> <s>aut ventos, aut moles ligneas, ferreasúe tractent ſub ea ratione qua mouentur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="pręcipueq́">pręcipueque</expan>. </s> <s>Mechanica quæ item principia motuum naturalia & <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> aſsignat. </s> <s>Sed quòd <lb></lb>etiam cauſſas accipit à figurarum natura deſumptas, optimo iure mathematica perhibetur. </s> <s>Aſtro<lb></lb>nomia lineas, plana, corpora, <expan abbr="numerosq́">numerosque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpectat: at non, quà ſunt mathematica: ſed cum motu, <lb></lb>lumine, poſitura, loco, & relatione eorum <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ſunt, vt lineam à centro Solis, & à centro mundi <lb></lb>exeuntem, & numerum partium, & proportionem ſphærę ad ſphęram. </s> <s>Sed de his vbi ſtruuntur <lb></lb>demonſtrationes, corpus naturale in quo inſunt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> recipitur. </s> <s>nec quicquam de corporis natura <lb></lb>ſumptum ad cauſſas eorum problematum reddendas vſurpatur; <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus, vt eſt ſub pote<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg777"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtate materiæ & à natura terminatum. </s> <s>Sic ventorum proceſſus, vel rectos, vel obliquos Nautica <lb></lb>perpendit: & cauſſas aſsignat ex <expan abbr="apparẽtibus">apparentibus</expan>, ex ortus tempore, & ex natura <expan abbr="locorũ">locorum</expan>. </s> <s>neque id qui<lb></lb>dem quod materia ſenſilem vllo pacto reſpiciat: ſed quòd ex alto demittantur: ex humili, attol<lb></lb>lantur, ex amplo, ex anguſto, ex recto, ex flexuoſo. </s> <s>quapropter lenes & vehementes explicati & <lb></lb>conuoluti naſcantur. </s> <s>Itaque aliquid obſeruant in materia ſenſili, verùm non docent, vt hęc ab eo <lb></lb>genere materiæ pendeant. </s> <s>Quapropter & illæ vtuntur abſtractione. </s> <s>Sed cùm ea conſiderent quæ <lb></lb>pendent à materia ſenſili, & quæ ſenſilia ſunt & naturalia, nihil vetat aliqua principia ſumi quæ <lb></lb>item accipiat naturalis: vt, ſi docere optica velit, cur radij viſus recta procedant: quae ſcilicet, natura <lb></lb>finem <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> breuiore via qua poteſt, aſſequatur: ſed <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan> demonſtrando non vſurpabit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>contrahet ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> conſiderandi <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> qui ſanè mathematicus eſt (abſtrahunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à ma<lb></lb>teria ſenſili) non naturalis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimpliciter ſunt è genere <expan abbr="mathematicarũ">mathematicarum</expan>, naturales <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <expan abbr="quodã-modo">quodan<lb></lb>modo</expan>: quia res mathematicas ſpectant, quatenus <expan abbr="cõiunctæ">coniunctæ</expan> ſunt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> affectionibus ſenſilib. Ergo res <lb></lb>quas ipſæ conſiderant à phyſico petuntur, ſiue pars ſit ſubiecti, vt in Aſtronomia; ſiue affectiones <lb></lb>ſenſiles, vt in cęteris; ſed ratio conſiderandi mathematica eſt & modus demonſtrandi mathema <pb pagenum="89"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg778"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ticus, & mathematica demonſtratio. </s> <s>Proptereà, quod dicitur hæc conſiderari quatenus naturalia, <lb></lb>non indicat hoc demonſtrandi modum, aut formulam demonſtrationis: ſed conditionem rei tra<lb></lb>ctandæ, quaſi dicamus lineam mathematicam ſub modo exiſtendi naturali (eſt enim reapſe colo<lb></lb>rata) illarum contemplationi ſubiici; ſed tamen modo mathematico tractari. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, <lb></lb>vt ſint ſubalternæ ſimpliciter puris mathematicis, quòd in ſubiecto formali <expan abbr="rationeq́">rationeque</expan>. </s> <s>conſideran<lb></lb>di cum ipſis conueniant: phyſicè verò aliqua ex parte, cùm ab illa rem capiant quam tractare <lb></lb>queant. </s> <s>Maius enim quid poteſt ſubiectum formale in ſcientia, <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>tractandi quam res ipſa <lb></lb>quæ tractatur <expan abbr="eiq́ue">eique</expan> plus eſt concedendum; non ſecus àc plus formæ, cui ſimilis eſt conſiderandi <lb></lb>ratio, quàm materiæ quæ eſt res ipſa tractata, tribuendum ſit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg769"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg770"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg771"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg772"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg773"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg774"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg775"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg776"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg777"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg778"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De poteſtate eorum communium, quæ dicuntur ad vnum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ET hoc item iure optimo numerabitur in noſtrę methodi principiis. </s> <s>vt quia naturalis philo<lb></lb>ſophiæ ſtratum, ſeu ſubiectum eſt ſubſtantia naturalis: ea verò non eſt vniuoca quædam <lb></lb>res, ſed ad vnum (quippe quòd ambigua ſcientiæ non accipiant) dum res caducas & ęternas com<lb></lb>plectitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="motusq́">motusque</expan>. </s> <s>conſimiliter qui propria illius eſt affectio, & hic quoque per eos terminos de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg779"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>claretur qui ſunt ad vnum, de illorum vi nonnulla dicamus præſertim, quòd nihil eſt, quod fre<lb></lb>quentius occurrat in vniuerſa philoſophia, & in omnibus methodis quas litteris conſignauit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles; nec quicquam nobis aperiat magis ordinem <expan abbr="ſeriemq́">ſeriemque</expan>. </s> <s>demonſtrationum quàm in expli<lb></lb>cando motu <expan abbr="cõſeruauit">conſeruauit</expan> Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>non verebor etiam dicere vniuerſam phyſiologię totius œco<lb></lb>nomiam, quàm ſi probè teneamus quæ ſit eorum poteſtas, & quemadmodum ſuſcipiatur in me<lb></lb>thodis. </s> <s>Hæc ego communia voco, nomina nonnulli; quia vix audeant (vt puto) notiones appel<lb></lb>lare. </s> <s>Sed quicquid ſint, ſeu communia, ſiue nomina, ſeu notiones: hinc eorum explicationis exor<lb></lb>dium capiemus. </s> <s>Etenim inter alia quæ generatim ſignificant, duo ſunt quæ cùm maximè ſimilia <lb></lb>videantur, longo tamen interuallo diſiunguntur, vniuocum & id quod vocamus ad vnum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem, ne ex ſimilitudine deceptio naſcatur, vt fieri ſolet; illorum vis ſeorſum declarabi<lb></lb>tur; ac de vniuoco prius verba fient. </s> <s>Vniuocum ergò ſignificat naturam & rationem communem <lb></lb>pluribus in materia conuenientibus. </s> <s>Quapropter optimè dictum eſt à Boëtho, vniuocum eſſe vni<lb></lb>uerſale communicabile pluribus ſecundum eſſentiam: pluribus verò quę conueniant in materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam cùm materia & forma, ſiue ratio ſecum neceſſariò congruant; niſi ſit eadem materia; profe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg780"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctò neque eadem ratio eſſe poterit. </s> <s>Et quoniam refert nobis vniuocum naturam <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> pluribus, <lb></lb>inde eſt, vt reuera ſit, àc ſi fuerit genus, habeat proprietates, ac differentias per quas, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> quod<lb></lb>dam in ſuas ſpecies & membra diſtinguatur. </s> <s>Itaque prędicatur ęqualiter de omnibus indiuiduis <lb></lb>in quid eſt, & in partium definitione ſumitur. </s> <s>Quia item notat eſſentiam ſuarum partium, prius <lb></lb>eſt natura quàm partes, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ab eis, ſi non re, ſaltem ratione & cogitatione ſeparari <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s>Quanquam neque abſurdum habendum eſt, ſi re ſeparetur, & aliquando per ſe ſubſiſtat: <lb></lb>cùm embryon in vtero primùm ſit planta, deinde animal antequàm fiat homo: <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> de tali <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> <lb></lb>verè dici poſsit, rem abſolutam non eſſe, & aliam requirere <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, & ex eo ſunt ordine qui <lb></lb>complectitur <foreign lang="grc">τ́ ἡμιγενῆ</foreign>, vt Gręci dicunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ ſunt viæ ad alia. </s> <s>Sed hoc nihil ad rem. </s> <s>nunc ad ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg781"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>veniamus quę ſunt ad vnum. </s> <s>Horum ſanè <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> natura nulla eſt quę de illis prędicetur in quid eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm enim ens (vt hinc exemplum mihi ſumam) ea ſignificet, inter quę ordo quidam intercedit; <lb></lb>dum <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> accipitur, qua ratione continget, vt de ſubſtantia prędicetur? </s> <s>erit'ne id <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> quod <lb></lb>ordinem accidentis ad ſubſtantiam proponat? </s> <s>Minimè profectò, quoniam ſubſtantia ab omni ac<lb></lb>cidente poteſt abſolui: licebit'ne ſepatarim concipere ens, quatenus refert notionem <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> ſubſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg782"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiæ, vel accidentis? </s> <s>multò minus, quòd accidentis notio ſine notione ſubſtantiæ non exiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit <lb></lb>non ens ſanè, ſed entis. </s> <s>idcirco non prędicatur ęqualiter, neque per ſuas differentias in certas ſpe<lb></lb>cies ſecatur. </s> <s>Proptereà monebat Simplicius, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ante admonitus <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui nullam dif<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg783"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg784"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ferentiam extra genus ſumendam eſſe teſtabatur: effici, vt cum ea quę ſunt ad vnum; ſpecie ſepa<lb></lb>rentur; id quod eſt <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan>, vt ad vnum non diſtribuatur in ſuas partes per differentias aliquas diui<lb></lb>dentes, ſed per conſtituentes, aut potius ſimiles conſtituentibus, quia ſingulę ſingulas parteis adæ<lb></lb>quent, vt eſſe in ſubiecto accidens, & non eſſe ſubſtantiam: qui etenim diuidatur per id differen<lb></lb>tiarum genus quod illis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt natura prius? </s> <s>Nouit enim quiſque qui vel ſummis digitis attigerit <lb></lb>dialecticen, genus ipſum ſupponi differentiis diuidentibus; <expan abbr="easq́">easque</expan>. </s> <s>genere & re & ratione poſterio<lb></lb>res eſſe. </s> <s>per conſtituentes autem diuiditur quæ reipſa idem ſunt cum eo quod <expan abbr="cõſtituitur">conſtituitur</expan> ab illis: <lb></lb>ac ſi vllum diſcrimen intercedit inter <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> & partes <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, vt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ea ſit rationis duntaxat, <lb></lb>vt patet, cùm diſtribuitur ens in ſubſtantiam & <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> per id quod eſt eſſe in ſubiecto & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nanque idem eſt eſſe in ſubiecto & eſſe accidens: & ex altera parte <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe in ſubiecto, & eſſe ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione diſtingui videtur hoc pacto; quia .ſ. </s> <s>notio tùm <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> ipſius, vt ad vnum, <lb></lb>tùm <expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan> ſimplicior eſt quàm ſit <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectarũ">ſubiectarum</expan>, quae mens in primo ſui munere <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> rem <pb pagenum="90"></pb>quæ eſt cum modo quo ipſa exiſtit, concipiat; per id quod eſt eſſe, aut non eſſe in ſubiecto, rei <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg785"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modum comprehendat, & modum hìc à re ſeparet qui idem eſt cum reipſa, ratione tantum ſe<lb></lb>cretus. </s> <s>Commune item ad vnum, quia natura poſterius, nec accipitur in definitionibus; nec à ſuis <lb></lb>partibus aut re, aut cogitatione ſegregatur: verùm partes cogitatione anticipari ſemper oportet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò inter partes vna prima ſit, reliquæ pendeant ab illa, à prima ſumitur nomen quod cę<lb></lb>teris ordine quodam communicatur. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt nomen ad vnum plura quidem ſignificet, ſed eiuſ<lb></lb>modi quæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> inter ſe habeant. </s> <s>quo item ab vniuoco ſimul & ab ambiguo ſeparatur. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>in eorum partibus ordo nullus exiſtit. </s> <s>atque in vniuocis quidem, quia ſunt omnes eius partes na<lb></lb>tura ſimul pariter ab eodem principio fluentes; in ambiguis verò, quòd neceſſariò nullam <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <lb></lb>communionem: ordo verò aliquam communionem <expan abbr="conuenientiamq́">conuenientiamque</expan>. </s> <s>poſtulat, vnde prius & po<lb></lb>ſterius extet. </s> <s>quid enim vermi cum eruca, aut gladiolo ferreo cum herba? </s> <s>Veruntamen ſic ab ip<lb></lb>ſis commune ad vnum ſecernitur, vt vtraque ſimul imitari videatur, & <expan abbr="vtrorũque">vtrorunque</expan> ingenium par<lb></lb>ticipare, & quaſi medium quid eſſe, dum eo quòd rationem <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> & eandem non obtinuere <lb></lb>partes eius, ambiguorum naturam ſapiat: dum verò primi cuiuſdam poteſtas cęteris communi<lb></lb>cetur, non admodum diſtet ab vniuoco, adeſt enim quædam participatio rationis eiuſdem in <expan abbr="cõ-muni">con<lb></lb>muni</expan> ad vnum. </s> <s>Nec quicquam me illa deterrent quæ nonnulli ſolent obiicere. </s> <s>vel quòd de illis <lb></lb>mentionem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fecerit Ariſtoteles in Prędicamentis, vbi <expan abbr="vniuocorũ">vniuocorum</expan> <expan abbr="ambiguorumq́">ambiguorumque</expan>. </s> <s>naturas euol<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg786"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uit, vel quòd inter vniuoca & ambigua medium eſſe nequeat. </s> <s>quoniam hæc tanquam contradi<lb></lb>centia ſe habeant; itaque alterum ex his neceſſariò ſemper exiſtat, quicquid voce exprimitur. </s> <s>Illa <lb></lb>etenim contradicentia ſunt quorum definitiones ſunt contradicentes. </s> <s>In his autem ſunt huiuſ<lb></lb>modi. </s> <s>quippe quòd horum ratio ſit eadem, illorum verò minimè. </s> <s>Nanque omiſſa fuiſſe dicimus, <lb></lb>vel more veteribus conſueto, vt ſæpe in Hippocrate nos admonuit Galenus; quòd ex extremis <lb></lb>media quoque intelligi poſſent, vel quòd rerum ipſarum diligentiorem explicationem require<lb></lb>rent, & quæ vim ſuperaret inſtitutionis quam in eo libro tenuiſſe Ariſtotelem perpetuò fatemur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Idcirco in prędicamentis inuoluta ſilentio fuere, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>in prima philoſophia primùm tractata. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque nobis illa ratio vim vllam afferat, qui norimus idem & non idem eſſe, vel ſimpliciter, vel <lb></lb>ſummè, ac ſimpliciter quidem, vbi excluditur, cùm id quod ſummè eſt, tùm id quod eſt aliquo <lb></lb>modo. </s> <s>& vbi ſine vlla conditione altera pars oppoſitionis eſt vera, & ſic contradicentia ſunt, ne<lb></lb>que medium habent. </s> <s>ſummè verò, cùm in extremo ſunt: & hîc datur medium quod ſcilicet, aut <lb></lb>idem eſt, aut non idem, ſed non in extremo, verùm partim idem, partim non idem. </s> <s>Nunc vniuoca <lb></lb>& ambigua diſtinguuntur, quòd abſolutè illorum ratio eſt eadem, aut non eſt. </s> <s>& cum hac condi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg787"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione abſolutè eadem, aut non eadem eſt ratio. </s> <s>Atqui conditio partibus contradictionis accedens <lb></lb>eius minuit vires. </s> <s>Itaque medium recipiuntur cuius neque ratio prorſus eadem ſit, neque prorſus <lb></lb>non eadem. </s> <s>Quapropter illa item quæ ſunt ad vnum, ad vniuoca & ambigua, tanquam media ad <lb></lb>extrema quodam ordine referuntur. </s> <s>veniamus ad alia.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg779"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg780"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg781"></margin.target>a Alex. 2. <lb></lb>de An. c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg782"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg783"></margin.target>b 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg784"></margin.target>c 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg785"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg786"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg787"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine partium communis ad vnum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò de ordine qui intercedit inter eas partes quæ ſunt ad vnum, poſſet eſſe <lb></lb>dubitatio; quandoquidem ordo ſignificat prius & poſterius, atque hæc multis dicuntur <lb></lb>modis, & ſecundum naturam & ad nos; atque itidem quod ſecundum naturam eſt, ab <lb></lb>omni genere cauſſę duci poteſt: haud erit ab re, ſi viam quandam in hac re explicanda nunc ſub<lb></lb>iecero, necnon breuiter docuero, vt tale communium genus vſurpare liceat in definitionibus; ac <lb></lb>poſtremò demonſtrem, vt partes quæ ſubiiciuntur, ſint prædicato priores. </s> <s>Nam quod ad primum <lb></lb>attinet, generalem hanc ego credo regulam tradi poſſe: à primo illo nuncupari poſteriora, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg788"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit notius nobis. </s> <s>Nanque & eſſe ſubſtantia primùm dicitur quæ modis omnibus prior eſt, ac no<lb></lb>tior accidente. </s> <s>Item ſubſtantia primùm dicitur ea quæ compoſita eſt, & natura poſterior, & ab ea <lb></lb>reliquæ ſubſtantiæ ſimplices & natura priores. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́ue">Cumque</expan> nil prohibeat quominus id quod nobis <lb></lb>notius eſt, ſit etiam natura prius & notius; quemadmodum anteà de ſubſtantia dictum eſt; & ab <lb></lb>eo quoque, quod ita primum eſt, rationem peti nominationis aſſero. </s> <s>Sic à diuerſo cauſſarum ge<lb></lb>nere deriuari tale nominum genus; ſiquidem & cibus & medicamentum ſana dicuntur an vna <lb></lb>ſanitate cuius gratia ſunt. </s> <s>Ita inſtrumentum medicum à medico qui ipſo vtitur, & quo facit me<lb></lb>dicinam. </s> <s>Neque vereor item concedere nominationem à materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>deduci. </s> <s>ac de nomi<lb></lb>natione ſimpliciter quòd à forma ſumatur, anteà longo ſermone declaratum eſt. </s> <s>Sed quòd ea <lb></lb>quę ſunt ad vnum, ſic nominentur, à materia mox indicabimus ſolum, poſtea pluribus oſtenturi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi accidens eſt ens, quia pendeat à ſubſtantia; poſthàc verò docebimus accidens ad ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam referri, tanquam ad tale genus cauſſarum; certè etiam nominatio illorum quæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <lb></lb>à materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>ducetur. </s> <s>Inualuit item conſuetudo, vt ſiqua ſpecies proprio nomine careat, <lb></lb>atque altera ſimilis illi nomen habeat, ab hac illa nomen mutuetur, veluti pes ſcamni à pede ani <pb pagenum="91"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg789"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>malis. </s> <s>Proinde variæ ſunt eiuſmodi nominum formulæ, & ex iis quædam dicuntur ad vnum, ab <lb></lb>vno <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan>, atque ab vno, vt puto, quęcunque ab eo primo, velut originis principio proficiſcun<lb></lb>tur, cuiuſmodi ſunt efficiens & materia. </s> <s>Quæ vero gratia cuiuſpiam ſunt, quoniam ad ipſum di<lb></lb>riguntur, ad vnum optimè dici poterunt. </s> <s>illa item quæ ad alterius ſimilitudinem nuncupantur, <lb></lb>ad vnum rectè dici poſſe crediderim. </s> <s>quòd mens ab hoc quod præſens eſt, ad illud feratur, vnde <lb></lb>ſimilitudo ducta eſt, cui quoque ſi proprium cauſſæ genus aſsignare libeat, mea quidem ſenten<lb></lb>tia licebit ſtatuere formam. </s> <s>tale enim cauſſæ genus eſt <foreign lang="grc">παραδειγμα</foreign>, & exemplar quod ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>Peripatetici referunt. </s> <s>Quia tamen ordo ille non à rei natura perpetuò pendet, ſed à nobis ipſis. <lb></lb></s> <s>quapropter in eadem re diuerſos diuerſam ſimilitudinem obſeruantes, & analogiam conſtituen<lb></lb>tes diuerſis item nominibus tandem rem appellaſſe perſpicimus, vtputa, in vite ſplendorem ſpe<lb></lb>ctantes gemmam latini dixere: noſtri lachrymam; itaque oculum vocarunt, & hi partem montis <lb></lb>inferiorem pedem ad animalis ſimilitudinem nominarunt, illi radices ad ſimilitudinem plantæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inde quoque analogicè cauſſa formalis in eiuſmodi appellatione accipienda erit. </s> <s>Cæterùm quia <lb></lb>communia quæ ſunt ad vnum, præſeferunt ordinem quendam, vt hęc plenius intelligantur, ſcire <lb></lb>licet. </s> <s>Non omnium ordinem obſtare vniuocationi, ſed illum qui quoquomodo reſpiciat <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò ordo qui reſpicit eſſentiam, ſit ordo naturæ, atque hic, vel perfectionis quo id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg790"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfectius eſt, anteponitur, vel originis quo prius imperfectius eſſe ſolet. </s> <s>nulli dubium eſſe debet, <lb></lb>quin vterque ordo & ſeorſum & ſimul vniuocationem tollere queat. </s> <s>Etenim vt ad vnum, vel <lb></lb>ab vno omnia in medicina reſpiciunt ſanitatem. </s> <s>Hæc finis eſt & omnium perfectiſsima in arte <lb></lb>medica. </s> <s>materia prius exiſtit, quàm forma & compoſitum, quæ & imperfectiſsima. </s> <s>Et ſubſtantia <lb></lb>prior eſt accidente & origine & perfectione. </s> <s>Verumenimuero, cùm ordo qui reſpicit eſſentiam <lb></lb>geminus eſſe poſsit, aut ad id quod participatur, vt animal ab homine & equo, aut ad ea quę par<lb></lb>ticipant, vt homo & equus. </s> <s>ſi hęc animaduertantur, inficiari non poſſumus, quin adſit ordo per<lb></lb>fectionis. </s> <s>In vnoquoque enim genere ſpecies vna eſt quæ reliquorum ſolet eſſe menſura. </s> <s>quia <lb></lb>verò communibus ęquè participant, vnde vniuocationis ratio ducitur; vniuocationi hic ordo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>obſtat: ſed ille plane, ſi non æquè communi participant. </s> <s>quòd ſanè tùm contingit, cum prioris <lb></lb>cuiuſpiam interuentu, quancunque cauſſæ rationem ſubeat, <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> participat poſterius. </s> <s>exem<lb></lb>plig. </s> <s>affirmatio & negatio ſunt enunciationes: affirmatio quidem prior, negatio poſterior. </s> <s>Atta<lb></lb>men ita eſt enunciatio negatio, quia continet affirmationem, & ad affirmationem ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <lb></lb>neceſſariò refertur. </s> <s>Ita quoque accidens eſt ens eò quòd entis. </s> <s>Et quamuis ad vnum ſint, nimirum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg791"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad ſubſtantiam naturalem corpus caducum atque cęleſte, & in caduci eſſentia cęleſte concipi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>videatur. </s> <s>in hoc Auerroëm audio, vt antehàc monui, qui eſſentiam & quid eſt logicè accipiat quę <lb></lb>patet per omne cauſſarum genus. </s> <s>Hæc enim noſtratia pendent à ſuperioribus tanquam à cauſsis <lb></lb>efficientibus. </s> <s>Ita igitur inæqualis participatio communis vniuoci vim minuit, ſed inæqualis gra<lb></lb>dus perfectionis in partibus non minuit. </s> <s>Vnde etiam Ariſtoteles primas ſubſtantias poſuit indi<lb></lb>uiduas, & inter ſecundas ſpeciem magis quàm genus; quia penderent ſuperiores ab inferioribus <lb></lb>in eo quòd eſſent, ſed ſpecies ſub eodem genere ſubſtantias æquè conſtituit, licet gradibus perfe<lb></lb>ctionis aliquæ anteirent. </s> <s>Cauſſa hæc fuit; quia non pendent à ſe viciſsim in eo quòd ſint, verùm <lb></lb>ſeorſum exiſtere poſſunt. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſic quoque Ariſtotelis dictum accipiemus, vbi vult diui<lb></lb>ſionem generis adminiſtrari per illa quæ ſint natura ſimul, non ſanè quin ordo perfectionis inter <lb></lb>ipſa intercedat: ſed quia poſsit vnaquæque ſeorſum conſiſtere quæ ſcilicet ſub eodem genere <expan abbr="cõ-tinentur">con<lb></lb>tinentur</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo ab oppoſito, ſi ſub eodem communi à ſe viciſsim pendeant in eo quòd ſint, qua<lb></lb>cunque ratione id eueniat, ordo naturæ vniuocationi prorſus obſtabit. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de eo <lb></lb>quòd arcenda ſint hæc communia à definitionibus, nanque illa iubet pellere Ariſtoteles à defini<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg792"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionibus quæ ſunt extra prædicamentum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & non vniuoca; quiſpiam facilè ambiget, & de illius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg793"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præcepti veritate dubitabit, aut accuſet Ariſtotelem inobſeruantiæ; quandò ſępiſsimè communia <lb></lb>hæc in Ariſtoteleis definitionibus obſeruata reperiuntur. </s> <s>Nam ſic natura principium definitur, <lb></lb>& motus actus, ac coctio perfectio: principium verò, actus & perfectio ſunt ad vnum, & extra <lb></lb>quodque <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed ita fortaſſe ratio <expan abbr="viaq́">viaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſedandę controuerſię veſtigabitur, ſi monue<lb></lb>rimus ea non accipi in definitionibus veluti communia, ſed contracta ad certam ſpeciem à qua <lb></lb>reapſe non diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Nequis verò ſuſpicetur inanem eſſe illam definitionem; quia ſcilicet <lb></lb>idem per idem definiri videatur: audiat ea notionem habere ſimpliciorem, & ob id ratione <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> <lb></lb>quàm habeat ſpecies definita. </s> <s>Sic fieri, vt non eadem ſint vtique definitio & definitum, & quòd <lb></lb>per prius & notius ea definitio tradatur quæ conſtat è nominibus ad vnum. </s> <s>Ne verò te <expan abbr="cõturbet">conturbet</expan>, <lb></lb>quòd diximus notionem communis quod eſt ad vnum, eſſe ſimpliciorem & magis vniuerſalem <lb></lb>quàm ſit notio partium; ne fortè credas à partibus ſeuocari commune, atque eſſe aliam <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> <lb></lb>eius à partium notione diuerſam. </s> <s>Dupliciter enim ſimplicior & communior à nobis ponitur eius <lb></lb>notio quod eſt ad vnum. </s> <s>Primùm, quaſi ſit indeterminata, vt ſcilicet dum profertur, tam ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>quàm ad alterum concipiendum mentem ferre poſsit. </s> <s>Non dico vnum neceſſariò ſine altero. <pb pagenum="92"></pb>veluti cùm dico ens; & ſubſtantiam & quantum mihi pręſentat: neque tamen quantum ſine ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg794"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia, ſed quòd ex eius nominis poteſtate vtrunque indefinitè concipio, aut hoc ſolum, aut illud <lb></lb>in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Nam poſſum verbigratia noſſe lumen eſſe. </s> <s>& quanuis ipſum vel ſub ratione ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ concipiam, vel accidentis illo notitię genere quod eſt inchoatum & rude: tamen ambigam ad<lb></lb>huc, & diligenter exquiram ſit'ne accidens, an ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Deinde verò quia poteſt eo nomine ſi<lb></lb>gnificari id quod prius eſt; at eius notio ſimplicior eſt, quàm poſterioris; cùm poſterioris notio <lb></lb>neceſſariò reſoluatur in prius. </s> <s>etenim nomine entis ſubſtantia ſine poſte concipi poteſt, & ge<lb></lb>neratim illud quod accipitur in definitione, ſic notum eſt, vt conſimilem formam ex analogia ſi<lb></lb>gnificet quæ notuit in alio, <expan abbr="veluti licoctionẽ">veluti licoctionem</expan> dixeris eſſe perfectionem; quod in alio perfectio vo<lb></lb>catur, id ex officij <expan abbr="iā">iam</expan> noti ſimilitudine ponis in coctione. </s> <s>Reſtat illud vnum <expan abbr="oſtendẽdum">oſtendendum</expan>, quae partes <lb></lb>communis ad vnum ſint priores quàm illud commune, contrà quàm res ſe habeat in vniuocis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Id verò ſatis monſtrauit Alexander ita concludens. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Etenim illud eſt prius à quo non reciproca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg795"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur ſubſiſtendi ſequela. </s> <s>Cùm verò à communi vniuoco ad partes non reciprocetur; reciprocetur <lb></lb>autem ab eo quod eſt commune vt ad vnum. </s> <s>Ergo dicendum eſt vniuocum prius eſſe quàm par<lb></lb>teis; contrà verò id quod eſt commune vt ad vnum, eſſe poſterius. </s> <s>Perſpicua verò res eſt in vni<lb></lb>uoco. </s> <s>Siquidem ſi fuerit homo, neceſſarium ſit eſſe animal; at ſi fuerit animal; non idcirco extite<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg796"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rit homo. </s> <s>Quapropter hoc alia probatione non eget. </s> <s>Rem verò longè aliter ſe habere in iis quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ad vnum, ita probatur. </s> <s>Illud eſt prius natura quibuſdam quo ſublato illa tolluntur, & qui<lb></lb>bus poſitis illud ponitur. </s> <s>Sed ſi de medio remoueatur illud quod ab eo nomine primùm ſignifi<lb></lb>catur, cętera item remouentur, & commune ad vnum tollitur, ac ſi tum reliquæ partes, tùm com<lb></lb>mune illud ponatur; continuò primum illud ponitur à quo reliqua nomen adepta fuerint. </s> <s>Et hoc <lb></lb>igitur prius erit quàm reliqua: necnon prius, quàm id quod commune eſt & vniuerſale. </s> <s>Sic de<lb></lb>ſtructa ſubſtantia tolluntur cętera prædicamenta, tollitur item ens: copoſito & reliquis ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia ponitur. </s> <s>Atque hæc quæ narrantur ab Alexandro, valent mea quidem ſententia, in omne ge<lb></lb>nus communium ad vnum. </s> <s>Sed Ariſtoteles priuatim de ente & vno verba faciens vna ſanè & illa <lb></lb>perpetua ratione ens & vnum genus eſſe non poſſe monſtrauit: eſt autem huiuſmodi ratio. </s> <s>Si ens <lb></lb>& vnum genera forent, à differentiis participari non poſsint: at verò participantur à differentiis: <lb></lb>etenim quæque differentia & vna eſt & ens. </s> <s>Nec genus igitur eſſe poteſt vnum, aut ens. </s> <s>Hac ra<lb></lb>tione primùm eſt vſus Ariſtoteles 3. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quam explorans Alexander habuit pro dialectica. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg797"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quamobrem ad alteram illam ſuam confugiſſe eſt veriſimile. </s> <s>Verùm ſanè eſt eam hauſtam fuiſſe è <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg798"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fontibus dialecticis; quandò nixus Philoſophus illo fundamento quòd differentiæ non <expan abbr="participãt">participant</expan> <lb></lb>genus; indicauit loca, vnde promerentur argumenta ad euertendum genus & definitionem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg799"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rùm & loca noua ratione firmauit; ſiquidem efficeretur ex eo, ſi genus de differentia diceretur, <lb></lb>quòd toties repeteretur in vna definitione genus, quot differentiæ in definitione ſumerentur quas <lb></lb>certè multas eſſe nil prohibet, cùm genus de ſingulis differentiis prædicetur, atque idem in ea de<lb></lb>finitione ponatur: etenim ſi homo eſt animal, & idem mortale, bipes, & ratione vtens; ratione ve<lb></lb>rò vtens bipes & mortale ſunt animalia. </s> <s>Ergo animal & per ſeipſum & in ſuis differentiis de ho<lb></lb>mine prædicabitur. </s> <s>Itaque non vnum animal erit homo, ſed plura; id verò eſt abſurdum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eue<lb></lb>nit hoc, vbi genus aliquod remotius ſpeciei tribuatur, nanque & ſi ineſt in genere proximo, non <lb></lb>tamen cum eo ſumitur in explicatione ſpeciei, veluti cùm homo ſit animal, & animal ſit corpus, <lb></lb>necnon & homo ſit corpus, non idcirco cùm dicimus hominem eſſe animal corpus; non vnum <lb></lb>de homine prædicatur, illud ſcilicet, quod eſt in animali, & quod ſeorſum attribuitur omni: nan<lb></lb>que vnico genere contenta eſt ea prædicatio: neque enim dicitur hominem eſſe animal corpus, <lb></lb>ſed ſeorſum animal & corpus, cùm cęteroqui genus in definitione non ſit omittendum. </s> <s>Idcirco <lb></lb>nugatio committeretur in definitione, quod eſt vitium maximum, & ſæpius ab Ariſt. </s> <s>deteſtatum. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg800"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Oportebat igitur Alexandrum aliquid dicere ad hanc rationem quæ, vt opinor, ita placuit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>vt illam quoque iterum vſurpauerit, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec aliam ſtuduerit in tanta re afferre quæ ad initia primę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg801"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>philoſophię conſtituenda pertineret: nam ſi ens genus fuiſſet, non erat expungendum de numero <lb></lb>principiorum. </s> <s>Et quanuis accepta fuerit à dialecticis, ita hic ego dicam, quemadmodum dixit ali<lb></lb>quando Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ea nimirùm quæ fieri non poſſent apud mathematicos, eadem quoque <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg802"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuccedere in naturalibus, non autem contrà quæ fieri nequirent apud naturalem, denegari mathe<lb></lb>matico: quandoquidem mathematica in ablatione ſint poſita, phyſica verò in appoſitione. </s> <s>Sic <lb></lb>igitur phyſica ſe habent ad dialectica quæ vindicant ſua præcepta à qualibet certa materia. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>propter Alexandri rationem ſic accipiemus, vt vniuerſa communia complectatur; rationem verò <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis ad ens & vnum ſpeciatim pertinere defendemus. </s> <s>Eſt igitur <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> prior ente. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ens à ſubſtantia ſeparari nequit. </s> <s>Non igitur numeratur in iis quæ continentur in priore modo <lb></lb>prædicandi per ſe, neque ponitur in definitione, nec reuera quicquam ponit in ſuis partibus præ<lb></lb>ter ordinem. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt ſint ſimplices partes, neque reſolui poſsint in alia priora ſeipſis. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>inde è prædicamentis <expan abbr="ſummisq́">ſummisque</expan>. </s> <s>generibus propoſitiones efficiuntur negantes quę medio <expan abbr="vacẽt">vacent</expan>. <pb pagenum="93"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg803"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At verò hæc omnia planiſsimè intelliges ex Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Is enim ita docuit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Quæcunque verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg804"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg805"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neque <expan abbr="intelligẽdam">intelligendam</expan>, neque ſenſilem materiam habent, ſtatim vnum quiddam eſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quodque <lb></lb>eſt, quemadmodum id ipſum, quod eſt hoc quiddam, hoc quale, hoc quantum. </s> <s>Quare non ineſt <lb></lb>in definitionibus neque ens, neque vnum. </s> <s>Et ipſum quid erat eſſe ſtatim vnum quiddam eſt, <expan abbr="quẽ-admodum">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> & quod quid dam eſt. </s> <s>Proptereà non alia aliqua cauſſa vlli iſtorum, vt vnum ſint, nec <lb></lb>vt quiddam ſint. </s> <s>ſtatim enim vnumquodque quiddam eſt, & vnum quiddam, non vt in genere <lb></lb>in ente & vno, nec tanquam ſint ſeparata præter ſingularia.” Ariſtotelis ipſius verba ſunt hæc. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">Οσἃ δὲ μὴ ἒχει ὑλην μήτε νουτὴν, μήτε αἰστητήν ἐυθύς ὁπερ ἔν τὶ εῖναι ἐστιν ἑκαστον, ὧσπερ καὶ <lb></lb>ὁπερ ὄντι τὸ τὸδε, τὸ ποιόν, τὁ ποσὸν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">διο καὶ ὀυκ ἒνεστον ἐν τοῖς ορισμοῖς οῦτε τὁ ὄν, ὀυτε τὸ ἑν, <lb></lb>καὶ τὸ τὶ ἦν εῖναι ἐυθὑς ἐν τι ἐστὶν ὧσπερ, καὶ ὂν τί. διο ὀυκ ἐστὶν ἑτερον τι αἴτιον τοῦ ἓν εῖναἰ ουδενὶ <lb></lb>τόυτων, ὀυδε τοῦ ὄν τὶ εῖναι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἐυθύς γαρ ἑκαστόν ἐστὶν ὄντι καὶ ἑν τι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ουκ ὡς ἐν γὲνει τῶ ὄντι καὶ τῶ <lb></lb>ἑνὶ ὀυδ' ὡς χωριστῶν ὄυτων παῤα τὰ καθέκαστα</foreign>. </s> <s>Nam quanuis aliqua mendæ ſuſpicio ſubſit in <lb></lb>codice Gręco, & quędam ex his ab interprete Sepulueda omittantur, Alexandri tamen commen<lb></lb>tarij lectionem noſtram perſpicuè receperunt. </s> <s>Alia loca mitto <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quibus tanquàm certiſsimum aſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg806"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſumpſit Ariſtoteles ens, vnum & ſimilia non indicare naturam quampiam illis omnibus commu<lb></lb>nem & velut adiunctam, quod poſteà non placuit Auicennæ: ſed vnum quodque per quod eſt, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg807"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>album, aut homo, per idem eſſe ens & vnum, nec per vllum. </s> <s>alium naturæ gradum, vt per quem <lb></lb>homo eſt animal, aut ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Ex quo naſcitur, vt ſi dicamus hominem ens, nihilo plus ſignifi<lb></lb>cemus quàm ſi hominem tantummodo pronuntiaremus. </s> <s>Et planè quantum eſt de ente & vno <lb></lb>quæ ſunt extra genera & tranſcendentia, perbellè Auicennam reprehendit Auerroës. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Si ens & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg808"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnum ſignificant aliquid additum rebus, cùm illud item ſit ens & vnum. </s> <s>ſin; nihil omnino eſſet; <lb></lb>vel eſt tale ſeipſo, vel per aliquid aliud. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſeipſo ens eſſe fatearis, eodem quoque modo <lb></lb>quælibet res poterit eſſe ſeipſa, nec per aliud quicquam. </s> <s>Si contrà dixeris: rurſus eadem dici poſ<lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>nanque & illa, aut eadem ſeipſis erunt, aut per aliud. </s> <s>& ſic abibimus in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed ſit hoc <lb></lb>proprium entis & vnius quæ tranſcendentia ſunt, & omnium maximè communia: cętera tamen <lb></lb>idem de reliquis quæ ſunt ad vnum, erit iudicandum. </s> <s>Audis igitur Ariſtotelem tibi naturam <expan abbr="cõ-munium">con<lb></lb>munium</expan> ad vnum explanantem, ex quibus inſtar corollarij colligemus. </s> <s>Cùm partes eorum ſolæ <lb></lb>per ſe ſint, non poſſe primùm illorum definitiones conſtitui ex genere & differentiis; ſed potius <lb></lb>ex notionibus quibuſdam quæ nobis ſignificent, vt Græci dicunt <foreign lang="grc">διαφόρους τινὰς ἰδιότντας</foreign>, ideſt <lb></lb>differentes quaſdam proprietates, quemadmodum illæ ſunt, non eſſe in ſubiecto & eſſe in ſubie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg809"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cto quibus ſigillatim accidens & ſubſtantia deſcribuntur, & illarum actus potius ſenſui notiores <lb></lb>quàm natura priores. </s> <s>Sequitur etiam, vt communiter definiri nequeant, ſed ſeorſum vnaquęque <lb></lb>pars ſua ipſius propria definitione ſit euoluenda. </s> <s>Neque de illo communi demonſtratio colliga<lb></lb>tur, quatenus ipſum eſt. </s> <s>Et quanuis ab Ariſtotele vſurpetur ea vox, quatenus, quæ vniuerſitatem <lb></lb>ſignificare conſueuit: vt cùm dicitur primam philoſophiam contemplari ens, quatenus ens: vni<lb></lb>uerſitas illa potius eſt collectiua, ideſt, pertinet ad omnes eius partes quàm ad commune aliquod <lb></lb>& abuſus quidam eſt vocis illius, aut ſi ita dicere placet eſt vniuerſitas rationis non rei. </s> <s>Sed ea <lb></lb>fuit Ariſtoteli conſuetudo in tractandis iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, vt proprietates de primo demon<lb></lb>ſtrarentur, quemadmodum in ipſo præcipuè ſubſiſtunt: ſecundum analogiam verò ad cętera ſi<lb></lb>gnificata transferrentur: nec componens methodus quæ eſt à communioribus ad minus <expan abbr="cõmu-nia">commu<lb></lb>nia</expan> in illis explicandis obſeruaretur. </s> <s>Niſi fortè ea ſit compoſitio, qua procedimus ab eorum pri<lb></lb>ma parte ad alias; quandò prima illa ſimplicior eſt, cùm ſine reliquis eſſe & <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan> queat, reliquæ <lb></lb>ſine illa non item, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ſint magis compoſitæ. </s> <s>Nam cęteroqui progreſſus in hiſce <lb></lb>notionibus à partibus ad totum in mente & ſecundum rationem reſoluens eſt. </s> <s>ſiquidem <expan abbr="cõmu-">commu<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg810"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne ſecundum rationem ſimplicius, & prius ſit, quàm partes; at verò natura & reipſa magis com<lb></lb>poſitum, atque poſterius. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt progreſſus à partibus ad totum in hoc rerum genere duplex <lb></lb>fit, aut naturæ, aut mentis; atque mentis quidem progreſſus ſit reſoluens, naturæ autem ſit com<lb></lb>ponens. </s> <s>Sed hæc multò accuratius infra diſſerentur, vbi de methodorum conſtitutione nonnulla <lb></lb>tractare decreuimus. </s> <s>Hæc profectò nobis redolere videntur antiquam illam <expan abbr="puramq́ue">puramque</expan> philoſo<lb></lb>phiam Peripateticam, nec ab vlla adhuc factionum macula contaminatam. </s> <s>Neque enim appro<lb></lb>bare poſſumus illorum iudicium qui commune omnium genus analogum ſtatuunt, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>mi<lb></lb>nus communiſsimam, tametſi analogam differentiam, à nulla certa <expan abbr="determinataq́">determinataque</expan>. </s> <s>virtute deriua<lb></lb>tam, quod video recepiſſe nonnullos, quanuis accuratos & graues ſcriptores, quorum nomen de <lb></lb>induſtria ſilentio prætermittimus, ne aut doctiſsimorum hominum diligentiam infringamus, aut <lb></lb>in inuidiæ, maleuolentiæúe crimen incidamus: dum eorum lapſibus & ſæpiſsimè dignis venia <lb></lb>notatis, <expan abbr="tantisq́">tantisque</expan>. </s> <s>laboribus in ſuſpicionem falſi vocatis ab eorum lectione veri cupidos abſterrea<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Tu interim rationes noſtras audito. </s> <s>Primùm enim ea quæ à nobis explicata ſunt, planè <expan abbr="mõ-ſtrant">mon<lb></lb>ſtrant</expan> illud commune poſterius eſſe ſuis partibus, nec quicquàm deponere præter parteis quàm <lb></lb>ordinem quendam. </s> <s>Quamobrem tota eius communis ratio ducitur à partibus; idque in ente <pb pagenum="94"></pb>manifeſtiſsimè apparet de quo ipſi potiſsimum verba faciunt. </s> <s>Nam ſiquid eſt quod latiſsimè pa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg811"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teat, hoc vnum genus eſt. </s> <s>Etenim ſubſtantia per ſe eſt, in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>accidens collocatur: <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>ortum <lb></lb>commune vtrorumque prædicatum ens. </s> <s>Et ſanè ſi foret prius; quia Deus ab ente continetur, ali<lb></lb>quid eſſet Deo prius quod in cogitationem nullo modo cadere poteſt, modò ſit recta. </s> <s>Si igitur <lb></lb>ens eſt poſterius partibus & de illis ordine quodam prædicatur: quicquid in ſe habet, alij <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> <lb></lb>referat oportet, & differentias igitur: etenim & ipſæ ſunt eius partes. </s> <s>Tùm item differentiæ ſunt <lb></lb>vel ſubſtantiæ, & accidentis, aut communiter, aut ſeorſum. </s> <s>At quomodocunque ſubſtantia & ac<lb></lb>cidens illis generatim ſupponeretur. </s> <s>atque ita eueniret, vt ſubſtantia & accidente poſteriores eſ<lb></lb>ſent, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis ipſo ente. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi generatim pertinerent ad ens, aut ipſum conſtituerent, <lb></lb>aut diuiderent. </s> <s>Quòd ſi illas conſtituere fatearis: ex hoc efficeretur, vt aliquid eſſet ente prius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque non ens ente prius eſſet. </s> <s>Si eas diuidere concedas. </s> <s>At communiſsimum quo pacto diuidet? <lb></lb></s> <s>Dices fortaſſe communiſsimam differentiam per omne genus entium pertinere, nec ob id impe<lb></lb>diri diuiſionis officium, quemadmodum actus & poteſtas, vnum & multa, quæ quidem commu<lb></lb>niſsima ſunt, & omnis genus entium peruagantur. </s> <s>& tamen habent diuidendi facultatem. </s> <s>At pri<lb></lb>mùm te admonebo hæc quidem collectim omne genus continere, non ſigillatim, veluti ſic actus <lb></lb>& poteſtas pertinent ad ſubſtantiam, vt Deus ſit actus ſimpliciter, nullo autem modo poteſtas, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg812"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita vnus, vt non ſit multa, materia contrà ſit poteſtas & indiuiduum ſic multa, vt neque illa vn<lb></lb>quàm ſit actus, neque hoc vnum. </s> <s>Quocirca non erit communiſsima differentia entis, quatenus <lb></lb>ens eſt, ideſt, res quæ ſub vna ſimplici notione comprehenditur. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd differentia <lb></lb>eſt ad aliud, & eorum eſt quæ aliquo pacto conueniunt. </s> <s>Si ad aliud, non igitur vna; ſi conuenien<lb></lb>tium, ergo habet aliquid prius cui accedens ipſum diſtinguat. </s> <s>Nunquid ab ente ipſo differet? </s> <s>An <lb></lb>ſi ita differat; erit non ens, & ita non ens, vt non aliquid futura ſit, ſed omnino nihil. </s> <s>Deinde eſto, <lb></lb>quòd hæc & huiuſmodi omne genus entium peruagentur & collectim & ſeorſum. </s> <s>Atqui omnia <lb></lb>hæc, aut ſubſtantiæ ſunt, aut radices egerunt in ſubſtantiis. </s> <s>Idcirco & in ſubſtantia exiſtunt, & ex <lb></lb>ipſis exiſtunt, ſicut actus accidentis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubſtantiæ ſunt, aut in ſubſtantiam reſoluuntur. </s> <s>Vnde <lb></lb>etiam notio ſubſtantiæ præcedit ſimpliciter. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> rem primùm ſubſtantia, & accidens per <lb></lb>hæc diuidentur, non autem ens. </s> <s>Quamobrem non erit differentiæ quæ diuidat ens, niſi quatenus <lb></lb>diuidit partes entis. </s> <s>Neque ob id ea differentia quam iſti ponunt, à nulla certa <expan abbr="determinataq́ue">determinataque</expan> <lb></lb>virtute proficiſcentem; ſed planè à <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, vel accidente determinabitur. </s> <s>Poſtremò quæ ineptia <lb></lb>iſthæc erit, ſi præter ens vna iſta communis differentia ponatur quæ à nulla certa virtute ducat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg813"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>originem? </s> <s>etenim ſic per ſe exiſteret, nullo poſterior eſſet. </s> <s>Nam ſic ab eo determinari poſſet. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſiue quid ſit origine, ſeu natura poſterius aliquam ab eo quod prius eſt, determinationem capiat <lb></lb>oportet. </s> <s>& ab eo quidem, quod natura prius eſt: quòd orta, vt fertur, producentibus atteſtantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ab eo verò, quod eſt prius origine, quia quæ conſequuntur antecedentium conditionem imitan<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>& vt itidem dici ſolet, formæ pro meritis materiæ tribuuntur. </s> <s>Et ſi prima ſint indeterminata, <lb></lb>quod indeterminatum eſt, determinato contra philoſophorum placita natura pręcedet. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſi principia indeterminata & abſque ordine ſunt; nullus ordo <gap></gap>iuerit in iis quæ conſequentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita nullus ordo in rerum natura, quem tamen eſſentiam mundi perhibent. </s> <s>Quandoquidem, ſi <lb></lb>ordo, ibi prius. </s> <s>Si prius; ergo vnum. </s> <s>At hic non vnum: genus nimirum analogum, & differentia <lb></lb>à nulla certa virtute pendens, ergo neque prius: neque item ordo. </s> <s>Atque hæc quidem me per<lb></lb>ſuadent, vt antiquorum veſtigiis hæream potius quàm in eorum ſententiam, quanuis ſapientiſsi<lb></lb>morum hominum cadam. </s> <s>Cęterùm pertineant hæc ad ens, quibus de illis quæ enti comitantur <lb></lb>vnum, multa, neceſſarium, contingens quæ vel entis affectiones vel modi nuncupantur? </s> <s>nunquid <lb></lb>ſunt ſubſtantiæ quantitates & qualitates, an aliud de illis iudicium facere oportebit? </s> <s>quod enim <lb></lb>eſt huius quantitas qua ratione illud erit cuius eſt? </s> <s>An ita dicemus hæc etiam ad prædicamenta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg814"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reduci bifariam, nec quidem ſimpliciter, quia ſubſtantiæ ſint, ſed vel vt ea quorum ſunt affectio<lb></lb>nes, vtputa vniuerſitas ſubſtantiarum ad ſubſtantiam, cùm ſit ſubſtantiæ qualitas & ita ex rei na<lb></lb>tura contingere, vel vt certa figura dictionis exprimuntur, & ita multa numeri & quanti <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>continent pendens & independens ad aliquid, & ad hæc ſimpliciter & in recto referri. </s> <s>Hæc ha<lb></lb>bui, quæ de communibus ad vnum è re nata breuiter exponerem, quæ ſanè magno nobis vſui <lb></lb>fore ſpero, cùm propter definitiones Ariſtotelicas, tùm etiam vt ratio methodi, atque inſtituti <lb></lb>noſtri magis appareat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg788"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg789"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg790"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg791"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg792"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg793"></margin.target>a 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg794"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg795"></margin.target>a Alex. 1. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg796"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg797"></margin.target>b T. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg798"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg799"></margin.target>c 4. Top. <lb></lb>c. 2. <lb></lb><lb></lb>6. Top. c. 2</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg800"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg801"></margin.target>d 11. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg802"></margin.target>e 3. de cę<lb></lb>lo T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg803"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg804"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg805"></margin.target>b 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg806"></margin.target>c 4. Met. <lb></lb>T: 3. <lb></lb><lb></lb>5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14. <lb></lb><lb></lb>10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg807"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg808"></margin.target>d 4. Met. <lb></lb>T. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg809"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg810"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg811"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg812"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg813"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg814"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De methodis compendiaria diſputatio. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VSVS frequentiſsimus apud interprętes Ariſtotelis huiuſmodi vocum, viæ, inſtrumento<lb></lb>rum, methodi, <expan abbr="horumq́">horumque</expan>. </s> <s>inter ſe & cùm ordine affinitas ad ſeſe reuocat, & nos admonet, <lb></lb>ne tantam rerum confuſionem ſilentio patiamur inuolui, ſed accuratius ſingula perpendamus, <lb></lb>quantum tamen loci <expan abbr="conſilijq́">conſilijque</expan>. </s> <s>noſtri ratio poſtulabit, non ignari complura volumina conſcripta <pb pagenum="95"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg815"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuiſſe cùm à philoſophis, tùm etiam medicis de re quæ, tametſi per ſeipſa obſcura eſt, nihilomi<lb></lb>nus propter alia multa quæ præter inſtitutum inculcata fuerunt, in infinitum propè deducta eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> vbi tantiſper à veritatis via defleximus, ſæpe euenit, vt longiſsimis circuitionibus opus <lb></lb>ſit, antequàm redeamus in viam, & eò perueniamus quò primùm conſtituimus. </s> <s>Hoc ne nobis eue<lb></lb>niat, placet in primis diſtinguere de ſignificatis huiſcemodi vocum, quòd videamus item Gręcos <lb></lb>qui varietates earum non obſeruarint, inductos aliquando fuiſſe vt errarent. </s> <s>Tùm deinde de ipſa<lb></lb>rum rerum vſu, & fine verba faciemus. </s> <s>Cęterùm quòd methodus hæc omnia complectitur, à de<lb></lb>finitione nominis principiò vim huius vocis methodus explorabimus. </s> <s>Primùm igitur via pro ra<lb></lb>tione tractandi ſcientias ab Hippocrate ſumpta eſt, quàm <foreign lang="grc">ὑδὸν</foreign> ipſe communi voce nominauit. <lb></lb></s> <s>pro eo quod poſteà <foreign lang="grc">μέθοδον</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui Hippocratem ſecuti ſunt, appellarunt, non viam ſimpliciter; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg816"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed <foreign lang="grc">μεθ̓ ὁδοῦ</foreign>, ideſt, cum via; quaſi via quædam pars eſſet, ſiue inſtrumentum rationis illius qua <lb></lb>ſcientiæ tractantur. </s> <s>& re uera multa prætereà deſiderantur ad complendam methodum; ex quo <lb></lb>non temere quiſpiam cenſuerit methodum ab iſtis Ariſtotelis interprętibus modò viam docendi, <lb></lb>aliàs viam diſcendi, & denique nomine viæ ſatis præcisè vocatam fuiſſe, cùm quiddam amplius <lb></lb>ſonet; licet ex eo ducat originem quod vim obtinet <expan abbr="inſtrumẽti">inſtrumenti</expan>, cuius non magna ratio plerunque <lb></lb>habeatur ad id cuius eſt inſtrumentum; ne dum vniuerſam eſſentiam rei, cuius inſtrumentum eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg817"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obiiciat: vt ſatius fuerit nomen Gręcum atque hodie tritiſsimum retinere quàm de vi vocis illius <lb></lb>tot, & tanta detriuiſſe. </s> <s>Quocirca nos etiam methodum perpetuò ponemus, nequid minus ea vo<lb></lb>ce ſignificetur quàm ipſi ſubiicitur: ac ſi Latinè vocem exprimere velimus, ſic à nobis circunſcribi <lb></lb>poterit, vt à M. Tullio inſtitutio quæ à ratione ſuſcipitur, ſeu ratio docendi: nec patiemur exponi <lb></lb>rationem diſcendi, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus compendium, aut viam compendiariam; atque illud quidem, <lb></lb>eo quia, licet diſciplina à doctrina, non niſi ratione ſeparetur & habitu dine, ſicut aſcenſus, à de<lb></lb>ſcenſu in eadem ſcala; natura tamen eſt doctrina prior & methodus ex ſcientia conſtat, & <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> <lb></lb>flagitat in actu <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ in ſolo ſciente poſita eſt: ſcientis verò ſignum, & munus eſt poſſe docere. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg818"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> alterum verò; quia non omnis methodus compendio contenta eſt, neque ad compendium inſti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg819"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuitur; ſed ea ſola quam definitiuam <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nuncupauit Galenus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi compendium in ea pona<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg820"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, quia niſi ſeruaremus ordinem, & viam certam ingrederemur, à propoſito longè deuiaremus, <lb></lb>& multis ambagibus ſæpiſsimè vti cogeremur in eo quod paucis verbis atque rationibus expli<lb></lb>cari poſſet; ab eo methodus eſſet appellata & definita quòd eius eſſet declinatio, quod ex igno<lb></lb>rantia <expan abbr="vitioq́">vitioque</expan>. </s> <s>naſceretur, non ex virtute quam ipſa ſingularem præſefert, contra illa præcepta quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg821"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in habitus definitione tradita ſunt ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nanque ex optimo ſemper eſt definiendus ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg822"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bitus, quòd hoc per ſe reſpiciat, oppoſitum verò <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>depulſionem per accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>contin<lb></lb>geret àc ſi medicinam non ex vna ſanitate, ſed ex morbi propulſione conſtitueremus. </s> <s>mitto etiam <lb></lb>quòd nos docuerit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> orationis <expan abbr="breuitatẽ">breuitatem</expan> non eſſe ponendam in laude, ſed vt quiſque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg823"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tantum dicat, quantum neceſſe ſit. </s> <s>Omnium peſsimè, ſi via compendiaria dicatur; quippe quòd <lb></lb>duplici vitio laboret ea deſcriptio: quia nimirum compendij vim quæ non eſt neceſſaria, necnon <lb></lb>viam, quæ methodi pars eſt, non vniuerſam eius naturam proponat. </s> <s>Sed hæc ſatis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg815"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg816"></margin.target>a Gal. Epi.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg817"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg818"></margin.target>b 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg819"></margin.target>c 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg820"></margin.target>d Gal. art. <lb></lb></s> <s>med.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg821"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg822"></margin.target>e 6. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg823"></margin.target>f Rhet.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Erit igitur methodus non via, ſed ex via conſtans. </s> <s>quare ab explicatione viæ ſermonem <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> <lb></lb>auſpicabimur. </s> <s>Hanc ego quatuor modis accipi comperio apud ſapientiſsimos auctores, etenim <lb></lb>vt anteà dictum eſt, via vocatur quæ alio nomine methodus appellata eſt. </s> <s>itaque vbi de methodo <lb></lb>diſſeremus, eius vis vnà explicabitur. </s> <s>Secundò via dicitur aditus, facultas, & copia aliquid agen<lb></lb>di, & videtur amplecti generatim inſtrumenta media, vias doctrinæ, & omnia quæ nobis <expan abbr="aperiũt">aperiunt</expan> <lb></lb>intelligentiam ad aliquid agendum, vel contemplandum. </s> <s>vt cùm cogitamus quæ via nobis tenen<lb></lb>da ſit, ſi amicum, aut principem virum nobis conciliare velimus; & ad hunc à me conciliandum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg824"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>valet hoc, ad illum aliud. </s> <s>ſic alius alia via, modo hunc, mox illum ſibi conciliabit. </s> <s>& illud rectè <lb></lb>dictum. </s> <s>Hac non ſucceſsit, alia aggrediamur via. </s> <s>Eodem ſignificato accepta eſt via ab Ariſtotele, <lb></lb>vbi explicans vſum dialecticę methodi teſtabatur eam ſuppeditare viam ad inuenienda principia <lb></lb>cęterarum ſcientiarum; <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec de via loquebatur quæ ſignificet progreſſum quendam ordinatum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg825"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo illa ſumuntur ex quibus ſcientia fieri ſolet, vt cęteræ viæ faciunt; ſed quia ſubminiſtraret co<lb></lb>piam argumentorum & notionum quarundam communium quæ ad illam facultatem ſpectant <lb></lb>quibus in notitiam principiorum facultatum reliquarum quaſi manu duceremur. </s> <s>Tertiò via di<lb></lb>citur vniuerſa ratio parandi illas orationes quibus ſcientia comparatur, quæ duo capita comple<lb></lb>ctitur: notitiam ipſius quid eſt, quæ habetur per definitionem: ac notitiam cur eſt aliquid, quæ <lb></lb>habetur per demonſtrationem. </s> <s>Quapropter duæ ſunt viæ potiſsimæ quæ perducunt nos ad co<lb></lb>gnoſcendum quid eſt, aut cognoſcendum propter quid, definitiua .ſ. </s> <s>& demonſtratiua. </s> <s>Sunt & <lb></lb>aliæ viæ, ſed omnes ad has referuntur, veluti miniſtræ, vt puta diuidens quæ inſtituitur in defini<lb></lb>tionem & ratiocinatrix, quæ ordinatur ad demonſtrationem. </s> <s>ſimili ratione via inductiua, quia <lb></lb>per illam progredimur ad notitiam principiorum demonſtrationis. </s> <s>Quamobrem omnes hæ viæ <lb></lb>vel proximè vel remotè deſinunt in definitionem aut <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan>, quibus habitis iam adepti <pb pagenum="96"></pb>ſumus ſcientiam quam prius optabamus. </s> <s>Hæc verò nos optimo iure vocabimus inſtrumenta, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg826"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod tùm ſcimus cùm ipſa habemus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Idcirco proprium huius viæ ſit hoc eſſe progreſſum ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg827"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inſtrumenta quibus ſcientia paratur, nec differt ab illis, niſi quatenus via differt à termino. </s> <s>Sicut <lb></lb>igitur via differt à termino tanquam imperſectum à perfecto: ſic igitur via differt ab inſtrumen<lb></lb>to ſicut à perſecto imperfectum. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>via tertij ſignificati ad inſtrumenta perbellè referetur, ſed <lb></lb>planè imperfecta: neque enim ſcientiam per ſe faciunt, ſed ad faciendum ſcientiam conducunt <lb></lb>aſſumentes ordine quodam terminos & principia ex quibus tùm definitiones, tùm demonſtratio<lb></lb>nes conflantur; & materiam ſuppeditantes inſtrumentis, non faciunt verò ſcientiam, quia non <lb></lb>notum <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, ſed nota accipiunt. </s> <s>quòd ſi ex acceptis id quod erat prius incognitum, cognoſcatur; <lb></lb>iam non eſt hoc viæ, ſed argumenti & inſtrumenti. </s> <s>Veluti via diuidens ſumit genus diuidendum <lb></lb>per ſuas differentias, alteram accipit quæ ineſt in re definienda. </s> <s>Sed & genus & differentia, quæ <lb></lb>accipitur, ſunt nota; vt quòd homo ſit animal, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>mortale, bipes, & rationis compos. </s> <s>hęc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>copulata iam facta ſunt definitio, & tunc explicant quid eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́ue">Conſimilique</expan> modo in ſyllogiſtica <lb></lb>ſeorſum propoſitiones accipiuntur, maior, & minor: harum verò acceptio eſt ſicut <expan abbr="notarũ">notarum</expan>, quod <lb></lb>ex earum copulatione fit, eſt id quo docemur; at tùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt amplius via, ſed ſyllogiſmus qui iam <lb></lb>docet, & notum facit, & eſt planè inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Sic via definitiua qua definitionis partes vena<lb></lb>mur, vtitur notis, & ea componit quæ, vt nota accepta ſunt; eorum facta compoſitione noteſcit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg828"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id quod anteà quærebatur, & erat ignotum. </s> <s>vt cùm generis definitio veſtigatur ex definitione ſin<lb></lb>gularum ſpecierum, aut cùm eruitur ex demoſtratione. (tot enim ferè ſunt modi quibus definitio <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, diuiſio, definitio ſpecierum ſubiectarum & tranſpoſitio. </s> <s>ac tranſumptio terminorum <lb></lb>demonſtrationis,) nanque accipiuntur vt notæ definitiones ſpecierum, accipitur earum ratio <expan abbr="cõ-munis">con<lb></lb>munis</expan>, in ea pòſt modo definitio generis elucet, ſic accipitur ratio nominis, vt nota per ſe, & cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, vt clara per <expan abbr="demõſtrationem">demonſtrationem</expan>; ex his coniunctis iam extitit definitio qua res noteſcit quæ prius <lb></lb>ignota erat, dum mens noſtra progrediebatur ordine ſumendo, ac proponendo partes illius; ne<lb></lb>que enim noſcebamus quid eſſet homo, antequàm ſciremus eſſe animal bipes, mortale, ratione <lb></lb>vtens cuius ſignum, quia verè de homine licet dicere, non eſſe animal bipes. </s> <s>non enim ſunt idem <lb></lb>formaliter, & vnum ab altero ſeparari poteſt: neque ſciebamus id quod eſt in ſemicirculo, eſſe an<lb></lb>gulum rectum, priusquàm inducentes cognoſceremus in ſemicirculo eſſe triangulum; & tamen <lb></lb>erat notum in ſemicirculo triangulum efficere rectum. </s> <s>Non igitur via notum facit, ſed tùm noti<lb></lb>tia fit, vbi via peruenit ad ſuum finem, & iam conſtructum eſt id quod inſtrumentum vocamus; <lb></lb>hoc enim iam notum facit.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg829"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg824"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg825"></margin.target>g 1. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg826"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg827"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg828"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg829"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Modi autem notum <expan abbr="faciẽdi">faciendi</expan> ſunt duo præcipui, velut anteà diximus, vnde duo <expan abbr="inſtrumentorũ">inſtrumentorum</expan> <lb></lb>genera extiterunt: qui item ab Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τρόποι</foreign>, & modi nuncupantur, aut enim <arrow.to.target n="marg830"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt definitio qua explicatur quid eſt, & ſubſtantia cognoſcitur, aut demonſtratio qua cognoſci<lb></lb>tur cuiuſmodi ſit res, ſunt & alia inſtrumenta quæ, vel ad hæc referuntur, vt adminiculantia, vel <lb></lb>imitantia, quòd horum virtutem aſſequi non poſsint. </s> <s>generatim verò comprehenduntur hiſce <lb></lb>capitibus; aut enim notum faciunt, quia cogant, aut quia perſuadeant, aut quia declarent. </s> <s>cogunt <lb></lb>ſyllogiſmi; perſuadent inductiones, exempla, enthymemata, declarant definitiones, ſiue ſint quid <lb></lb>nominis, ſeu quid rei, quæ perſuadent ſolùm <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> voce nominata ſunt à Græcis <foreign lang="grc">παραμυθίαι</foreign>, <lb></lb>à M. Tullio admonitiones, à barbaris modiculæ innuitiones. </s> <s>hæ verò & inſtrumenta declarantia <lb></lb>ab Auerroë maneries diſciplinæ vocantur. </s> <s>Horum omnium potiſsima demonſtratio & definitio: <lb></lb>ad demonſtrationem & definitionem reliqua diriguntur, vt famulantia, velut inductiones & <expan abbr="exẽ-pla">exen<lb></lb>pla</expan>; necnon <expan abbr="demõſtrationes">demonſtrationes</expan> quòd eſt. </s> <s>Vbi enim rationem reddere valeamus accidentium, quoad <lb></lb>ſenſui perſpicua ſunt & <foreign lang="grc">καὶ φαντασίαν</foreign>, tùm de ſubſtantia quoque dicere licebit: ſimiliter ora<lb></lb>tiones dialecticæ; quoniam ſuaptè natura terminantur definitionibus, aut etiam imitantur; vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg831"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia verum ex definitione & demonſtratione conſequi nequeamus; eorum auxilio ſaltem habea<lb></lb>mus id quod quam proximè accedit ad verum. </s> <s>ſic veræ definitioni famulatur definitio quid no<lb></lb>minis, aut ad ipſam refertur; vt eius imago atque rationes tùm rethoricæ, tùm dialecticæ perſua<lb></lb>dent, vt aſſequamur demonſtrationem, aut ibi valent vbi res quam cognoſcere cupimus, non ad<lb></lb>mittat demonſtrationem, & hæc via item ab Ariſtotele vocatur: <foreign lang="grc">ἔφοδος</foreign> <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> enim idem valet àc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg832"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">μάθοδος</foreign>, qua voce vſus eſt Ariſtoteles in Top. Sed quia non docent inſtrumenta, niſi quatenus <lb></lb>procedunt ex notis; ita enim fit in notitia, vt in rerum ortu. </s> <s>Nam ſicut poteſtas non deducitur ad <lb></lb>actum, niſi ab eo quod eſt actu; ſic potentia cognitum non ſit actu cognitum, niſi proficiſcatur ab <lb></lb>actu cognito. </s> <s>Quare non modò nihil efficitur, niſi ritè termini coniuncti fuerint; verum etiam <lb></lb>niſi ſint manifeſti; proptereà ſubiicitur quartum viæ ſignificatum, qui eſt progreſſus à principiis <lb></lb>quæ, cùm actu nota ſint, vim habent efficiendi actu notum id quod actu ignotum eſt, ſed poteſta<lb></lb>te notum, de quo mentionem fecit Ariſtoteles, cùm docuit innatam eſſe nobis viam, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt progre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg833"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diamur à notis nobis ad nota natura, in quo non ſumptio principiorum, non diſpoſitio, non ſtru<lb></lb>ctura <expan abbr="inſtrumentorũ">inſtrumentorum</expan> obſeruatur, ſed eorum virtus quæ ordine collocantur: nanque ea quæ ante <pb pagenum="97"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg834"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponuntur, ita ſe habent ad poſteriora, vt eorum auxilio poſteriora cognoſcantur; quaſi poſte<lb></lb>riora à prioribus illuſtrantur. </s> <s>Itaque tùm propriè via doctrinæ vocatur cuius initium illud per<lb></lb>petuò debet eſſe, vt ex eo quis facilius addiſcat; neque rei principium neceſſariò, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> niſi fortè idem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg835"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit natura cognitum & nobis, aut iam per aliud notum nobis notuerit. </s> <s>Hęc verò duplex eſſe ſolet, <lb></lb>vel à principiis ad ea quę naſcuntur ex principiis, vel ad principia, & à notis nobis ad ea quę ſunt <lb></lb>nota natura, ex quibus vtriſque vna via conflatur qua vniuerſa cuiuſque rei ſcientia conficitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Progreſſum à notis nobis reſolutionem appellare ſolent; eum qui eſt à principiis, <expan abbr="compoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> qui ex vtroque proceſſu conſtituitur, appellant regreſſum ſiue circulum <foreign lang="grc">ἀναλυσιν, σύνθεσὶν <lb></lb>& κυκλον</foreign> quæ <expan abbr="quandoq́">quandoque</expan>. </s> <s>Platonici ſuis vocibus expreſſerunt <foreign lang="grc">ἀναπτυξιν, σύνπτυξιν & ἀνέλιξιν</foreign>, <lb></lb>& mentem autumant imitari curſores in ſtadio, qui modo à carcere currunt ad calcem, alias à <lb></lb>calce ad carcerem, nonunquam etiam gyro illo à carcere ad calcem & à calce ad carcerem. </s> <s>Di<lb></lb>uidens communiter & propriè ſumitur: etenim procedit à notis nobis & confuſis ad nota natura, <lb></lb>& diſtincta, atque hæc planè conuenit cum reſolutione, rurſus eſt propriè generis in ſuas ſpecies <lb></lb>per oppoſitas differentias, atque hæc vtilis quidem, immò neceſſaria, ſed parua pars methodi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare cùm tantum tribuit Pl. </s> <s>huic methodo (ipſe enim aliquid accuratè ſcripſit de diuiſione, ta<lb></lb>metſi non primus; cùm Pythagoræi de ipſa multò anteà diſputaſſent, ſed quia molliter & citra <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg836"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>artificium de diuiſione diſſeruerunt, eorum ratio non fuerit habita) cum, inquam, tantum tribuit <lb></lb>Plato huic methodo, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>vocat <foreign lang="grc">ἐριγκόν</foreign>, ideſt, vallum philoſophiæ; crediderim ipſum ſume<lb></lb>re diuiſionem communius. </s> <s>Ariſtotelem verò propriam vim vocis perſequentem, vt errandi cauſ<lb></lb>ſam depelleret, de generis partitione fuiſſe locutum. </s> <s>Atque ille quidem progreſſus reſolutio vo<lb></lb>catur qui eſt à notis nobis, quia nota nobis, hoc eſt, quæ proximè apprehenduntur à mente rudi, <lb></lb>ſunt vel effectus & accidentia, vel compoſita ſimilia quę ſi cum cauſsis & principiis conferantur, <lb></lb>ſunt magis compoſita; etenim ad vnius rei conſtitutionem plures cauſſæ requiruntur & ſenſilis <lb></lb>materia potiſsimè, nanque horum quæ ſunt in materia ſenſili, ſcientiam conſequi volumus, & <lb></lb>cauſſas eorum quærimus quibus exiſtentia cauſſa materiæ ſenſilis accedit. </s> <s>itaque effectus ſunt <lb></lb>magis compoſiti; aliter idem eſſet cauſſa, & effectus, & accidentia ſimpliciter ſunt magis compo<lb></lb>ſita, quàm ſubſtantia compoſitione formali: quoniam exiſtentia accidentis requirit exiſtentiam <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, terminatur autem notitia complexa & ſimplici quæ dicitur mens; nam terminatur <lb></lb>demonſtratione quod eſt, atque item eſſentiæ comprehenſione, in quam demonſtratio nihil po<lb></lb>teſt, vt patet 6. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Proptereà reſolutione perducitur in notitiam Dei Optimi Maximi, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg837"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg838"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in animi cognitionem quę eſt principium: itaque eius cognitio non ſcientia, ſed hiſtoria <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg839"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nuncupatur. </s> <s>Quanquam non vniuſmodi eſt via qua nos in animi cognitionem deducimur, <lb></lb>quippe ab obiectis ad functiones, ab his ad facultates: hæc planè reſoluens quæ à functionibus <lb></lb>ad facultates, illam quæ ab obiectis, eſſe cenſeo componentem: eſt enim ab efficiente ad effe<lb></lb>ctum; <expan abbr="eoq́ue">eoque</expan> magis moueor vt ita credam, quòd poſthàc proceſſum ex fine reſoluentem eſſe in<lb></lb>telligemus; ergo cùm operatio ſit finis, ab illa erit proceſſus reſoluens, <expan abbr="ſimiliq́ue">ſimilique</expan> modo vbi ſit <lb></lb>ab efficiente proceſſus, eſſe componentem, efficientis enim vis eſt deducere poteſtates ad actum, <lb></lb>& ex materia & forma vnum facere; proptereà cùm obiecta efficientis munere fungantur, <lb></lb>proceſſus ab obiectis erit componens. </s> <s>Ad hanc vt adminiculantem, vel imitatricem, ſicut de <lb></lb>dialecticis inſtrumentis anteà diximus, analogiam referimus, cuius auxilio deduxit nos Ariſto<lb></lb>teles in notitiam materię primæ: eſt enim & hæc à notis nobis ad nota natura, niſi quòd valet in <lb></lb>iis quæ aliena, non propria ſpecie noſcuntur, & per ea quæ reſoluendo cognoſcimus in alio, <lb></lb>probat illa quæ inſunt in propoſito. </s> <s>proptereà <foreign lang="grc">νόθος λόγος</foreign> ab Ariſtotele nuncupatur qua ma<lb></lb>teria propter ſummam obſcuritatem, Deus propter clariſsimum <expan abbr="lumẽ">lumen</expan> cognoſcitur, & <foreign lang="grc">ἀναλογια</foreign>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg840"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quoniam eſt collatio duarum habitudinum, materiæ, ſcilicet, naturalis ad compoſitum natu<lb></lb>rale & artificioſæ ad opera artis. </s> <s>Sed ſpeciali quadam vi reſolutio eſt progreſſus à fine ad ea <lb></lb>quæ ſunt eius gratia: tamen non eſt hoc viæ, ſed ordinis, vt poſteà docebimus: ille verò pro<lb></lb>greſſus qui eſt à principiis, eſt compoſitio, cùm ſuperiori ſit contrarius. </s> <s>Cæterùm ordo inter<lb></lb>cedit inter has vias. </s> <s>Nam poſteriora, hoc eſt, effectus & accidentia ſunt nobis notiora <lb></lb>quàm cauſſæ & ſubſtantiæ: <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> reſolutio præcedit vſque adeò, vt hic progreſſus ſit no<lb></lb>bis à natura datus, vt etiam ſi velimus, euitari nullo modo queat; attamen tùm ſcientia com<lb></lb>pletur, vbi cauſſæ quæ per reſolutionem inuentæ fuerunt, quaſi facto quodam circulo ad effe<lb></lb>ctus applicantur, <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> compoſitio ſola facit ſcientiam: tametſi primus ille progreſſus me<lb></lb>thodo ſatisfaciat. </s> <s>nam quanuis alter etiam qui dicitur regreſſus, ſit neceſſarius; nihilominus <lb></lb>negligitur in methodis: quia ſatis ſit indicaſſe cauſſam, ea verò cùm ſuaptè natura ſit perſpi<lb></lb>cua, ſtatim monſtret effectum qui naſcitur ab ipſa. </s> <s>Verùm quia fit nonnunquam vt effectus <lb></lb>ſit nobis, & natura ignotus, & cauſſa ipſa detegatur, non ex effectu proprio, ſed ex alia priore <lb></lb>cauſſa, vel ex aliis adnexis & comitantibus effectui, aut cauſſæ, <expan abbr="cauſſaq́ue">cauſſaque</expan> perſpecta nos in noti<lb></lb>tiam ducat effectus illius ignoti, & generaliter vbi cauſſa prius noſcatur quàm effectus, vt acci <pb pagenum="98"></pb>dit nonnunquam in phyſicis, ſæpius in mathematicis; ſecundus etiam progreſſus adhibendus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg841"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>erit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́ue">Idemque</expan> ordo tenebitur non modo in omni ratiocinatione qua de cauſsis quæritur, ſed <lb></lb>etiam in definitione; ſiquidem progreſſus ille primus fit à notis nobis, & reſolutio, vt à gene<lb></lb>re tanquam toto, & noto nobis quod per differentias ſecatur in ſuas partes, & ſemper vt à po<lb></lb>ſteriore. </s> <s>genus enim ſic conſideratum eſt vt totum quòd aiunt integrale; & eſt poſterius parti<lb></lb>bus; poſterior verò ſit compoſitio in qua cum genere differentiæ copulantur. </s> <s>Habetur itidem <lb></lb>compoſitio, cùm progredimur à definitione quid nominis ad definitionem quid rei, quia ſup<lb></lb>ponatur definitio quid nominis; at eam ego reſolutionem facerem quòd ſit, vt à poſteriore ad <lb></lb>prius. </s> <s>Cæterùm ex hac compoſitione exiſtit ſcientia. </s> <s>eſt enim ea definitio medium habens <lb></lb>quæ item in demonſtratione concluditur per definitionem quid rei. </s> <s>Venit hîc mihi in mentem, <lb></lb>quanquam demonſtratio quòd eſt, dum ſtruitur, eſt reſolutio; nihilominus & reſolutionem <lb></lb>quid communius eſſe; quippe quòd demonſtratio ſit argumentum & complexo terminetur, <lb></lb>& eo quòd eſt, reſolutio ſanè imitetur argumentum; neque rem eſſe oſtendat, ſed hoc ſolum <lb></lb>rem, & ſimplici terminari poſsit: nihil enim ſimplex oſtenditur argumento: imitatur autem <lb></lb>progreſſum tertiæ figuræ, velut inductio; ſubiectum quod eſt medium, res naturales; maior <lb></lb>terminus principium motus; minor natura hucuſque reſolutio procedit; ex hoc eſt compoſi<lb></lb>tio. </s> <s>Omnino autem ſemper antecedit reſolutio compoſitioni, & ex compoſitione erumpit ſcien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg842"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia. </s> <s>Vterque tamen progreſſus in hoc conuenit, vt proficiſcatur ex notis nobis. </s> <s>At dices quo<lb></lb>modo hoc erit, cùm principia ſint ignota nobis? </s> <s>An nota nobis latius patent quàm vulgò cre<lb></lb>datur; quod nota nobis effectus ſimpliciter accipit, & ex hoc progreſſu exoriri putat demon<lb></lb>ſtrationem quod eſt. </s> <s>Nanque nota nobis & ſimplicia & complexa eſſe poſſunt, & eadem ſunt <lb></lb>communia & propria, & ad plures ſcientias pertinentia, necnon nota nobis, quia ſine ratiocina<lb></lb>tione cognoſcantur, & nota nobis quia per aliud nobis notum notuerint, ex hoc genere notorum <lb></lb>compoſitio conſtituitur, & progreſſus ille quem regreſſum dicimus. </s> <s>cùm cęteroqui demonſtratio <lb></lb>quòd res eſt, proficiſcatur ex effectibus illius ſcientiæ propriis, & ex propriis eius cauſſæ quæ in<lb></lb>dagatur. </s> <s>Obijcies tamen hîc tu mathemata quæ ex nobis & natura notis effici conſuerunt, & <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> <lb></lb>me roges, an'ne ea ſit duplex vt in phyſicis. </s> <s>Nam ſi principia ſunt vtroque modo nota; non vide<lb></lb>tur requiri primus ille progreſſus quo principia nota fiant ex notis nobis, ſed vnus duntaxat qui <lb></lb>eſt à principiis, quem compoſitionem eſſe fatemur: primus enim ille progreſſus ad id inſtitutus <lb></lb>eſt, vt principia quæ nobis ignota ſunt, plana fiant; at in mathematicis ſunt clariſsima. </s> <s>Hîc ego <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg843"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non negabo eſſe nonnulla principia ſcientiarum quæ prorſus demonſtrari non poſsint; quia verò <lb></lb>ſunt communiſsima, non ſatisfaciunt quæſitis, quantumuis arctentur, & contrahantur ad certas <lb></lb>affectiones. </s> <s>Etenim cognitio fit ex cauſsis rei proximis. </s> <s>Itaque etiam hic ex notis nobis ea veſti<lb></lb>ganda quæ ſunt nota natura, quod præſtat analyſis; poſtmodo ab iis, tanquam notis, eſt nobis ſeu <lb></lb>retrocedendum, ſiue deſcendendum. </s> <s>Quapropter vniuersè ſemper à notis nobis eſt <expan abbr="incohandũ">incohandum</expan>, <lb></lb>& vt à notis nobis progredi conuenit, & natura poſterioribus: quoniam, & ſi ſunt prima ſimpli<lb></lb>citer; non tamen prima exiſtunt, ſi cum cauſsis rerum proximis conferantur quæ quidem cauſſæ <lb></lb>omnem quæſtionem terminant & abſoluunt. </s> <s>Ita ſemper erit progreſſus ille primus, quanuis ſit <lb></lb>à natura notis, analyticus. </s> <s>Vt ſi ſuper data recta linea triangulum æquilaterem conſtituere opor<lb></lb>teat, & planum ſit, ex eius definitione conſtare ipſum ex tribus lineis æqualibus, prætereà ſemi<lb></lb>diametros circulorum æqualium eſſe æquales: attamen ex eo concluditur, vt cauſſa propinquio<lb></lb>re, quòd vna ex ijs lineis ſit ſemidiameter communis duobus circulis æqualibus, & reliquæ illi <lb></lb>æquales coëant in vnum in interſectione circulorum æqualium, quod ex principiis illis, vel alio <lb></lb>modo nobis notuit. </s> <s>Ita ergo & reſolutio præcedit. </s> <s>Cùm verò duo ſint genera illorum quæ <lb></lb>ſciuntur in mathematicis, problemata, ſcilicet, & theoremata. </s> <s>de problematis ſatis conſtat, cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg844"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iis principiis communibus conſiſtant, & inſuper in theoremata facile conuertantur; docent verò <lb></lb>mathematici reſoluere theoremata, & problemata igitur reſolui poſſunt. </s> <s>Quanquam quid dico <lb></lb>mathematicos id docere, cùm doceat idem quoque Ariſtoteles? </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quamobrem in omni item <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg845"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratione mathematica reſolutio requiritur. </s> <s>Quia verò tum ſcimus, cùm ex cauſa cognoſcimus <lb></lb>effectum, & hoc eſt componere; planum quòd vtraque via ſit neceſſaria, & in vſu apud omnes <lb></lb>contemplantes reſolutio nimirum quæ eſt à notis nobis & poſterioribus non modo effectibus, ſed <lb></lb>aliis adnexis, & communibus, ſiue ſimul etiam ſint nota natura, vt de primis ſcientiarum princi<lb></lb>piis dictum eſt, ſiue etiam ignota. </s> <s>Quocirca ſic defendi poterit nota nobis, vnde ratio noſtra <lb></lb>cœpit, eſſe poſteriora natura; Adeſt & compoſitio, cum effectus cuius expetitur ſcientia, & cauſ<lb></lb>ſa veſtigatur, ex ipſa cauſſa cognoſcitur. </s> <s>At verò quòd illa principia communia & indemon<lb></lb>ſtrabilia ſint poſteriora cauſsis proximis, etiam ſignificaſſe videtur Auerroës, qui ad nota no<lb></lb>bis, vnde ſumendum ſit initium philoſophiæ naturalis, retulerit illa principia communiſsi<lb></lb>ma quæ medio vacant. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cùm ergo illa ſint ex notis nobis, & notitia rerum obſcurarum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg846"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex eorum reſolutione paretur: profectò etiam ab his eſt reſolucio. </s> <s>Quòd ſi reſolutio <pb pagenum="99"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg847"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fit in ea quæ ſunt priora; certè & hęc communia reſoluentur in aliqua priora, & ſic <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> po<lb></lb>ſteriorum obtinebunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Indeq́">Indeque</expan>. </s> <s>factum fuiſſe puto, quòd idem auctor cauſſas primas in quas re<lb></lb>ſoluuntur demonſtrationes, diſtinxerit à <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>, & has eſſe prædicarit, materiam primam, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="vltimã">vltimam</expan> formam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> paullò inferius docet Auerroës compleri ſcientiam per cauſſas exiſten<lb></lb>teis in re propinquas & <expan abbr="eſsẽtialeis">eſsentialeis</expan> ad quas <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> nobilis auctor per remotas iubet eſſe <expan abbr="procedẽdum">procedendum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo remotæ ſunt hîc poſteriores. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> interpretor materiam primam, non illam ſanè quæ eſt <lb></lb>omnia potentia, & remotiſsima, ſed primam, ideſt, medio vacantem: hæc verò eſt proxima, cui <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reſpondet vltima forma quas diſtinguit Auerroës à compoſitis, eo quòd reliquæ cauſſæ <lb></lb>remotiores habeant alias cauſſas in quas reſoluantur; hę verò in nullam reſolui poſſunt. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>ita accipit Auerroës compoſitionem non materialem, ideſt, <expan abbr="coagmẽtationem">coagmentationem</expan> plurium <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> <lb></lb>diuerſi generis, ſed cauſſarem, ſeu formalem, ideſt ex prioribus & poſterioribus & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> ordine <lb></lb>quodam ſubiectis, & ſubordinatis illi primę cauſſę in eodem genere, hoc eſt proximę qua poſita <lb></lb>è veſtigio ponitur effectus, cuius adeptione conſiſtit vniuerſa notitia quæſtionis. </s> <s>Quòd ſi cauſſę <lb></lb>illæ communes primæ perhibentur, non ſunt primæ omnibus modis, ſed ratione tantùm non re; <lb></lb>nihil autem vetat aliquid eſſe prius ratione, re verò poſterius, vt antè ſignificauimus. </s> <s>Ab hoc vię <lb></lb>ſignificato pendent omnes diſcurſus, ſeu mentis progreſſus qui pertinent ad ſcientias. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg848"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>demonſtratio quod eſt, erit reſolutio: demonſtratio propter quid, compoſitio. </s> <s>conſimiliter de<lb></lb>finituri prius reſoluimus, deinde componimus. </s> <s>licebit etiam vniuersè affirmare ad hos progreſ<lb></lb>ſus referri quæcunque munera <foreign lang="grc">διανόιας</foreign>, vt ſyllogiſmos dialecticos ad reſolutionem, quia diri<lb></lb>guntur ad principia ſcientiarum, & definitiones. </s> <s>modò tamen in his progreſsibus ratio notioris <lb></lb>& ignotioris habeatur: nam reliqua ſunt viæ tertij ſignificati: Quocirca & hæc via deſinet in <lb></lb>inſtrumenta: atqui non inſtrumentorum fabricam, ſed animum potius, vt ita dicam, ſpectabit, <lb></lb>& accipiet ordine ſolùm, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> docebit; accipiet autem, quatenus in ipſa non neceſsitas aliqua, vel <lb></lb>illatio ſpectatur, ſed cognitio & lumen duntaxat. </s> <s>Ab huiuſmodi viarum vſu methodus eſt no<lb></lb>minata, ſed cùm ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vox ſit multiplex; operęprecium fore puto, ſi prius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> de ipſa diſtin<lb></lb>guatur. </s> <s>Etenim primo loco methodus ab Ariſtotele vocatur ratio parandi inſtrumenta quibus <lb></lb>efficitur ſcientia, quare conuenit cum via tertij ſignificati, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> de qua ſuprà dictum eſt abundè. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg849"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Deinde methodus à Galeno frequenter accipitur pro vniuerſali ratione tractandi aliquid, ſiue <lb></lb>agendi generatim. </s> <s><expan abbr="illudq́">illudque</expan>. </s> <s>ab eodem auctore animaduertitur, in omni arte duo prima capita <expan abbr="cõ-prehendi">con<lb></lb>prehendi</expan>, methodum quę item ab Ariſtotele vocatur ars, & experientiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem, <lb></lb>vt habeamus vnam quandam communem <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> quæ complectatur omnia particularia ob id, vt ea <lb></lb>quæ conſimilia ſunt, ad ſuum caput referri valeant, & ſuis locis digeri: alterum verò, vt ſimili<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg850"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tudines ac diſsimilitudines obſeruare liceat. </s> <s>& illa in ſingularibus agnoſcere, & ad ſingula ſigil<lb></lb>latim applicare quæ in methodo generatim <expan abbr="cõprehenſa">comprehenſa</expan> fuerint. </s> <s>Tertiò methodus eſt inſtrumen<lb></lb>tum quod vel declarat vel fidem facit: vel ad hęc inſtrumenta deducit, quæ item communiter à <lb></lb>Ptolemęo & Theone dicitur <foreign lang="grc">ἔφοδος</foreign>, nos inſinuationem vertimus. </s> <s>Quartò eſt doctrina recta ra<lb></lb>tione procedens <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad ea quæ cognoſcenda ſunt, & id potiſsimè reſpicere videtur, vt doceatur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg851"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo pacto dici poteſt methodus definitiua & <expan abbr="demõſtratiua">demonſtratiua</expan>, ſeu ſyllogiſtica in qua definitio, de<lb></lb>monſtratio, <expan abbr="ſyllogiſmuſq́">ſyllogiſmuſque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione & via docerentur, quam nonnulli ſic acceperunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt non vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg852"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>derint eiuſmodi tractationes à via, aut ordine quibus traditę ſunt, ac diſpoſitę, fuiſſe <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> <lb></lb>vocatas, & hæc ponitur 1. Phyſ. T. 1. de hac ſermo eſt habendus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Explicandũ">Explicandum</expan> verò eſt ante alia, <lb></lb>quæ'nam <expan abbr="conſtituãt">conſtituant</expan> methodum in hoc ſignificato, & quid ipſa ſit. </s> <s>Atqui docet Ariſtoteles eam <lb></lb>è duobus conſtare principiis, altero quod eſt ſcientia rei tractandę; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altero quod Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>eruditionem vocat. </s> <s>Agamus de primo. </s> <s>Scientia eſt habitus per demonſtrationem acquiſitus: hęc <lb></lb>enim recta eſt ratio, quia conſiſtit certis & propriis principiis, atque ita connexis, vt id quod per <lb></lb>demonſtrationem cognoſcitur, aliter ſe habere non poſsit. </s> <s>Quocirca cùm mens noſtra collimet <lb></lb>in verum, demonſtratione vtens eo certiſsimè potietur. </s> <s><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>videtur eſſe pars propria docentis in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg853"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>methodo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Sciẽtia">Scientia</expan> verò tametiſi reſpicit ſolam veritatem per ſe, ſi preſsius accipiatur, & ea vel eſt <lb></lb>naturalis, vel mathematica, vel diuina; funditur etiam ad omne genus veritatis, ſiue illa per ſe <expan abbr="re-quirat̃">re<lb></lb>quiratur</expan>, ſiue actionis aut effectionis gratia quod in ciuilibus facultatibus euenit, & in reliquis ar<lb></lb>tibus, vbi citrà actionem, aut effectiones rerum naturas <expan abbr="ſpectãdas">ſpectandas</expan> ſuſcipimus, vt ex iis quæ opor<lb></lb>tunè conſiderata fuerint, de ſingulis quæ nobis occurrunt, <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> iudicium facere valeamus & ex <lb></lb>eorum agere pręſcripto, quod item contemplari vocauit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Itaque duplex ſolet eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg854"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pars huiuſmodi facultatum; altera quidem quę theorica dici ſolet, atque altera quam vulgò pra<lb></lb>cticen appellant, pars quidem illa, quę theorica dicitur, <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan> <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim, vt monet nos <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inter varias conſiderationeis quę in vna quaque re, <expan abbr="naturaq́">naturaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="excutiẽda">excutienda</expan> negocium <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg855"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& <expan abbr="contẽplationis">contemplationis</expan> egent, alię ad <expan abbr="cognoſcendũ">cognoſcendum</expan> tantùm pertinent, aliæ verò ad <expan abbr="acquiſitionẽ">acquiſitionem</expan>, & ne<lb></lb>gocia <expan abbr="ſpectãt">ſpectant</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> ea quę in ſola <expan abbr="contẽplatione">contemplatione</expan> poſita <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, oportuno <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> tractare opor<lb></lb>tet: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> methodi <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> munus eſt, & hic eius finis, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt <foreign lang="grc">ὁδῷ καὶ ρᾷστα</foreign>, vt verbis Ariſt. </s> <s>vtar, ideſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg856"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="100"></pb>via & facile ſcientiæ doceri <expan abbr="queãt">queant</expan>, vnde formatum ab Ariſt. 1. de arte dicendi <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὁδοποιε̂ν</foreign>, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg857"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt via & <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> perſequi. </s> <s>Hinc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> libri de arte diſſerendi Methodici nuncupari Rhet. vel quae à me<lb></lb>thodo in ſcripti fuerint: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> analytici, vel quae ibi ratio <expan abbr="methodorũ">methodorum</expan> contineatur. </s> <s>Igitur ſcientia, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="contẽplatio">contemplatio</expan> methodo <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>: agere & efficere <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> non eſt amplius methodi, ſed vſus. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>cùm pars illa theorica ſit de munere methodi, <expan abbr="vnaq́">vnaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit <expan abbr="cõſiderandi">conſiderandi</expan> ratio, licèt fines diuerſi ſint, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <expan abbr="contẽplationis">contemplationis</expan> non reputo <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>, ſi eædem viæ <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ordines in <expan abbr="artiũ">artium</expan> & ſcientiarum do<lb></lb>ctrina <expan abbr="methodoq́">methodoque</expan>. </s> <s>tradenda teneantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> inuenire, iudicare, notum facere quæ <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> præſtat <lb></lb>methodus, ad <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="doctrinã">doctrinam</expan> communiter <expan abbr="pertinẽt">pertinent</expan>. </s> <s>Altera pars eſt eruditio, ſeu peritia, <foreign lang="grc">παιδείαν</foreign><lb></lb>Ariſtoteles vocat quæ iam flagitatur in addiſcente. </s> <s>De hac, etſi multa præclarè ſcripta ſunt ab <lb></lb>Octauiano Ferrario philoſopho ſapientiſsimo; nihilominus aliqua huc conferre viſum eſt, vt ſi<lb></lb>quid valeant ad <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> & vim methodi <expan abbr="percipiendã">percipiendam</expan>, lector iis vtatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">παίδευοϊς, & παιδέα</foreign><lb></lb>ſignificat <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan> & puerilem <expan abbr="inſtitutionẽ">inſtitutionem</expan> qua bonis legibus inſtitutæ reip. </s> <s>ſolebant informare <lb></lb>teneros adhuc animos, cùm ad <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> ipſorum, tum corporis <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> comparandam, quæ <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtabat">conſtabat</expan> ex quattuor <expan abbr="mẽbris">membris</expan>, litteris, gymnaſtica, muſica, & pictura de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> 8. Poli. </s> <s>multa diſ<lb></lb>ſeruit Ariſtoteles: <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> meminit de altera eruditione quæ anteit <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan>; ſiquidem <lb></lb>eius auxilio diſcens in ſcientiæ myſteria poſsit introduci: huc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpectat <foreign lang="grc">παίδευσίς</foreign>. </s> <s>Vnde illa <lb></lb>abuſus eſt Gorgias <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non promouens ſuos auditores vlterius. </s> <s>videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> prima fronte nobis of<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg858"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg859"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ferre <expan abbr="rudẽ">rudem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="notitiā">notitiam</expan> & <expan abbr="imperfectã">imperfectam</expan>, & citra cauſſas; addo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non eſſe illi <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> propoſitum: <lb></lb>oritur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex vſu & experientia vel <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> quæ ſunt certi <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> generis, vel ſunt infinitæ, nec cer<lb></lb>to genere <expan abbr="cõprehendunt̃">comprehenduntur</expan>: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> duplex eruditio <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> ab Ariſtotele, & de ſingulis, & de vniuerſis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rudem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & <expan abbr="imperfectã">imperfectam</expan> <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> Plato Gorg. citra cauſſæ <expan abbr="veriq́">verique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="contemplationẽ">contemplationem</expan> tribuit eru<lb></lb>ditioni, ſeu peritię, <foreign lang="grc">ἐμπειριαν</foreign> ille vocat, cùm <expan abbr="coquinariã">coquinariam</expan> conferens cum arte medica, iubet eam <lb></lb>appellare <expan abbr="peritiã">peritiam</expan>, quia <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> habeat rationem <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę affert; nec doceat qualia ſint natura; pro<lb></lb>ptereà <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> reddit, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>artis <expan abbr="noīe">nomine</expan> dignam non putat, necnon ipſam vſu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> & expe<lb></lb>rientia conſtare docet, <expan abbr="memoriaq́">memoriaque</expan>. </s> <s>eius quod accidere conſuerit. </s> <s>proinde ſimulachrum artis & <lb></lb>ſcientiæ potius eſſe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> horum quicquam. </s> <s>Ea numeratur in habitibus (vt dictum eſt) atqui habi<lb></lb>tus <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> habet, cuius gratia comparatur: dirigitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad iudicium. </s> <s>At verò iudicium aliud eſt <lb></lb>in ſciente & docente; atque aliud in addiſcente & rudi, & <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in ſciente & docente, <lb></lb>vt de quaque re verè & rectè iudicare queat & cauſſam certam aſsignare ſiue certo <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> genere, <lb></lb>ſeu de <expan abbr="oībus">oimbus</expan> quod officium eſſe puto primi philoſophi. </s> <s>In <expan abbr="addiſcẽte">addiſcente</expan> verò & rudi imperfectum, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> <expan abbr="quẽdam">quendam</expan> progrediens: nulli ſanè viro denegatum. </s> <s>ex quo efficitur, vt omnes <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſine vlla diſciplina, & accuſare, & purgare poſsint, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ea quę inter ſeſe <expan abbr="obiiciũt">obiiciunt</expan>, aut reſpue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg860"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg861"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re, aut approbare, ſed in addiſcente, tantum valens ad id, vt principia quæ afferuntur à doctore, <lb></lb>fidem apud ipſum inueniant, & vt intelligat modum quo res tractandæ ſunt, ſiue diſponendæ, <lb></lb>ſeu confirmandæ. </s> <s>Magnum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quid poteſt auditio & conſuetudo. </s> <s>ita vt qui tempus contriuerit <lb></lb>in mathematicis quę ſunt certiſsimæ & <expan abbr="cōſtantiſsimæ">conſtantiſsimæ</expan> veritatis, is cùm ſe <expan abbr="cõtulerit">contulerit</expan> ad rem <expan abbr="medi-cã">medi<lb></lb>cam</expan>, non facilè ſe perſuaderi <expan abbr="patiat̃">patiatur</expan> à veriſimilibus quæ ob <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> fragilitatem medicina conſectatur. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Variæ ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rerum <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eadem præcepta ſiue leges <expan abbr="admittũt">admittunt</expan>, quocirca <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg862"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad quanque modus diſpoſitionis & confirmationis fuit <expan abbr="accõmodandus">accommodandus</expan>: ad hunc percipiendum <lb></lb>apparat eruditio, qui ſanè nihil veri continet. </s> <s>Ecquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> veri eſt in illo, quae prius <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> ſit de ani<lb></lb>mali, aut planta, quae rationes ad ſenſum dirigendæ, & quae ex notioribus facienda doctrina? </s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt approbet <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ratione & via diſcere ſtudeat. </s> <s>Sed cùm regulæ iudicandi <expan abbr="tradãtur">tradantur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab Analytico; ad idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iudicium <expan abbr="corroborandũ">corroborandum</expan> & <expan abbr="dirigendũ">dirigendum</expan> valebunt <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> præce<lb></lb>pta Analytica. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omnis naturæ habilitas arte & diſciplina rectior fit & expeditior, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>vis animi, ſi regulas agendi attuleris, & tutior, & promptior euadet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> Analytice docens de<lb></lb>monſtrationum modos & vſus, animum parat auditoris ad optimè <expan abbr="inteligendū">intelligendum</expan> ea quę poſthàc <lb></lb>in methodo ſunt exponenda. </s> <s>Ex hoc <expan abbr="natũ">natum</expan> eſt, vt veteres hac eruditione carentes valde <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg863"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à ratione vera aberrarint <foreign lang="grc">δι' ἀπειριαν</foreign>, inquit Ariſtoteles & <foreign lang="grc">δι' ἀπαιδευσῖαν τῶν ἀναλητικῶν</foreign>. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>eos accuſauerit, qui ſimul ſcientiam <expan abbr="modumq́ue">modumque</expan> ſciendi veſtigarent, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neque Analyticæ clypeo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg864"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>muniti conflictarentur cum ſcientiis: etenim velut milites inermes, inferiores è pugna diſce<lb></lb>dant neceſſe eſt: proinde <foreign lang="grc">δεἰ πεπαιδεῦθαι</foreign>; hoc eſt, eruditum eſſe, quàm in campum docen<lb></lb>dus ipſe deſcendas. </s> <s>Atque hæc eſt potiſsima methodi pars; quandò ſic exponitur, vt docea<lb></lb>tur: nam ſicut efficiens in natura ſuo fine fruſtratur, nec formam inducere poteſt in materiam; <lb></lb>niſi probè ſubacta fuerit, ita omnis opera docentis ſine hoc audientis apparatu erit inanis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>eſt hoc ſolùm iudicium Ariſtotelis, ſed etiam ſapientiſsimi Galeni qui quodam in loco ait <lb></lb>initium prauorum dogmatum illud vnum eſſe nihil de demonſtrationibus prius eſſe contem<lb></lb>platum; verùm vnà res inquirere & tanquam ſcientem quid ſit demonſtratio; tentare demon<lb></lb>ſtrationes afferre. </s> <s>Idem quoque longo ſermone ſcribens ad Hieronem notat eorum arrogan<lb></lb>tiam ſine arte Analytica ſcientias aggredi volunt; <expan abbr="multaq́ue">multaque</expan> incommoda commemorat in quæ <pb pagenum="101"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg865"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>coguntur incidere qui ea neglecta philoſophantur. </s> <s>ſiquidem nec conueniant in principiis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>nota aſſumant, neque ignota demonſtrent, ſed veluti legislatores id quod placet, conſtituant; <lb></lb>non verum ſibi proponant; multas quæſtiones declinent, & progreſſu orationis inſtar Eurypi <lb></lb>cuiuſdam miram inconſtantiam præſeferant. </s> <s>Ergo ad hanc quam <foreign lang="grc">παιδείαν</foreign> perſequimur, Ana<lb></lb>lytica nonmodò eſt vtilis, ſed planè neceſſaria. </s> <s>Quapropter eruditio non ex ſola experientia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s>rudi cognitione conſtabit, vt aliquibus placet; non ex vna arte Analytica, vt <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> cen<lb></lb>ſuerunt; non ex notitia <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan> problematum in aliqua facultate, vt voluit Græcus interpres, <lb></lb>& minimè omnium ex habitu primi philoſophi, nec ſanè cognitio ſola rerum; <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> & <lb></lb>eius aliqua pars in vſu demonſtrationis ſit poſita; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò analytica; quia nihil hæc agit de re<lb></lb>bus, necnon eſt facultas communis: at eruditio rerum notitiam flagitat, & priuata quædam co<lb></lb>gnitio poteſt eſſe; neque item ſcientia <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan> theorematum, quòd hæc nullas cauſſas, neque <lb></lb>veritatem perſequitur, ſed in ſola experientia manet, & de eodem theoremate nihil vetat in vno <lb></lb>eſſe eruditionem, in altero ſcientiam: multò minus prima philoſophia, tum ab eaſdem rationes, <lb></lb>quia ſcilicet cauſſas negligit, & vero non ſtudet; <expan abbr="ſapiẽtia">ſapientia</expan> verò eſt de maximè veris, & de primis <lb></lb>cauſsis, tum quòd ſemper ſtatuat vniuerſa, cùm in ſingularibus ſe exerceat eruditio, ſed ex duo<lb></lb>bus exiſtet habitibus, altero qui eſt rerum vſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altero qui eſt Analyticus. </s> <s>Hic igitur habitus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg866"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in auditore idoneo deſideratur, ex quo exiſtat habilitas ad diſcendum. </s> <s>Sed cùm imperfectum <lb></lb>ſit auditoris <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>, docentis verò perfectum, ab hoc illud ad actum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectionem eſt dedu<lb></lb>cendum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ipſas demonſtrationes ſolùm, ſed multò prius ſignificando naturam earum <lb></lb>rerum, in quibus doctor ſit ad primè verſatus qui cùm per cauſſas & exactè cognouerit; in eo ge<lb></lb>nere rectiſsimè iudicat (optimè enim iudicat, qui certiſsimè nouit.) Idcirco ea quę generatim ab <lb></lb>Analytico tractata fuerant, ipſe qui optimè callet, ad rerum propoſitarum naturam perbellè ac<lb></lb>commodat, & ea poſita ſunt in his, vt ſpectemus, quo rationum genere ſit res ipſa tractanda, dia<lb></lb>lecticis'ne an propriis, quibus inſtrumentis, vt <expan abbr="demõſtratione">demonſtratione</expan>, an definitione, an etiam inductio<lb></lb>ne, ſic principia diſcernuntur; & apparet, vnde principium ſcientiæ faciendum ſit: etenim vult <lb></lb>eſſe indemonſtrabile. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> proinde hęc omnia <foreign lang="grc">πρόποι</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel <foreign lang="grc">ἀποδείξεως</foreign>, vel <foreign lang="grc">ἑπιστήμης</foreign>, ideſt, modi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg867"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg868"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>demonſtrationis & ſcientiæ nuncupantur. </s> <s>Hoc vbique obſeruatum ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="cõperimus">comperimus</expan>, & <lb></lb>non vno loco præceptum, quod item animaduerſum fuiſſe videmus ab Auerroë, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> narrat enim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg869"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tradi præcepta in Analyticis quę per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> generalia ſint, ſed eiuſmodi vt ad quaſque res pro <lb></lb>illarum natura <expan abbr="debeãt">debeant</expan> applicari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideòq́">Ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>habitus hic eo nomine vim obtinet inſtrumenti. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>ſicut inſtrumenta ſe habent, vt cùm per ſe conſiderantur; re vera ſint alterius gratia & in vſum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg870"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>doceantur; cùm verò <expan abbr="verſant̃">verſantur</expan> in vſu, informentur eius rei natura ad quam ſeſe adiungant, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg871"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habitus ille Analyticus eſt vt inſtrumentum, & vt ita <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>, miniſter: at cùm rebus quæ ſubiiciun<lb></lb>tur ſcientiæ, quodammodo veſtitur, in eam ſcientiam degenerat. </s> <s>vt ſi vſurpetur in phyſicis, eſt <lb></lb>phyſicus, in mathematicis mathematicus. </s> <s>Poſterior ille <expan abbr="iudicãdi">iudicandi</expan> habitus eſt Architectonicus qui <lb></lb>(niſi fallor) eſt pręcipuè primi philoſophi qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> omnes rerum naturas nouit generatim, qua <lb></lb>ratione definiendę ſint, & pro merito tractandæ; necnon habet facultatem diſponendi, eſt enim <lb></lb>Architectonis officium diſponere. </s> <s>Verùm hic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> habitus eſt vniuerſalis, vbi certis rebus ag<lb></lb>glutinatur, iam eſſe videtur eius qui ſcientiam illam priuatam poſsidet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> hic probè terminos <lb></lb>imponet, & ſuis regionibus circunſcribet, & explicabit quibus argumentis, & quo definitionum <lb></lb>genere vtendum ſit. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eadem eſt <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan> ciuilis & naturalis; naturalis & mathematicę, <lb></lb>neque eadem ratio in his, & metaphyſicis eſt obſeruanda. </s> <s>Quam <foreign lang="grc">παιδειαν</foreign> Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">λογογραφίαν</foreign><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> appellant Platonici qua <expan abbr="determinat̃">determinatur</expan>, quis <expan abbr="rationũ">rationum</expan> modus, & qualis eſſe debeat auditor, quem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg872"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodum ab Ariſtotele factitatum frequentius eſt, vt 1. Eth. & 1. Met. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam 1. de par. </s> <s>ani. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quo magis à Platone diſceſsit Ariſtoteles qui etiam poſt <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> ipſam hanc <foreign lang="grc">λογογραφιαν</foreign> de<lb></lb>terminarit: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Timæo docuiſſet mundum eſſe genitum; monuit qualis eſſe deberet diſpu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg873"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatio de rebus ſenſilibus non anteà cum ignoraretur vniuerſi natura. </s> <s>Huius igitur eſt officium <lb></lb>reddere <expan abbr="auditorẽ">auditorem</expan> idoneum ad <expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan> de ordine rerum docendarum, & de modo tractandi, <lb></lb>quatenus poſsit admittere principia & <expan abbr="demõſtrationes">demonſtrationes</expan> quę à doctore traduntur, tradere autem, <lb></lb>modum ordinare, & demonſtrare ſcientiæ, cui iam ſupponitur habitus analyticus: <expan abbr="omniumq́">omniumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>optimè hæc officia pręſtabit, vbi Architectonico habitu munita fuerit. </s> <s>Verunenimuerò <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>hæc <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> alteram methodi partem (vt anteà diximus) abſoluunt; ea potior in methodo vide<lb></lb>tur ordinare; eſt enim methodus (vt Galeni verbis vtar) <foreign lang="grc">μεθ' ὀδοῦ καὶ ταξεως</foreign>, ideſt, cum via & <lb></lb>ordine, quapropter opponitur fortuito & habet quidpiam in inquiſitione <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, & ſecundùm <lb></lb>& tertium, ac reliqua deinceps omnia, quouſque ad id peruentum ſit quod ab initio propoſi<lb></lb>tum fuerit: quod ſanè in illo erudito quem ſtatuimus, eſſe nequit: ſine arte enim, & ſine ratio<lb></lb>ne eſt experientia, & ſecundæ cuiuſdam fortunæ indigens ad inuentionem eorum quæ veſti<lb></lb>gantur. </s> <s>Proinde Empirici qui ſola experientia nitebantur, hoc ſaltem certè faciebant, quod in <lb></lb>inuentione, & doctrina nullum ordinem neceſſarium eſſe prædicabant. </s> <s>Verùm ſi recta ratione <pb pagenum="102"></pb>quidquam tractari oporteat, via & ordo requiritur, ita vt non hoc poſt hoc, ſed hoc ex hoc du<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg874"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctum eſſe videatur, & tale principium doctrinæ conſtituere, vnde quis facilius addiſcere queat; <lb></lb>hoc eſt vię, illud ordinis: huius enim officium eſt illa pręponere, vnde cęterorum cognitio pen<lb></lb>det, hæc vult parere <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan>; via perſpicuitatem conſectatur; ordo oportunitatem perſequitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic à primis ſecundùm naturam exordiri iubet philoſophus, & ita diſponere, vt communia prę<lb></lb>cedant minus communibus, niſi fortè partis alicuius tractatio propter inſignem perſpicuitatem <lb></lb>fit præponenda, quod ab Ariſtotele in animalibus <expan abbr="plantiſq́">plantiſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="tractãdis">tractandis</expan> & in animalium ipſorum <lb></lb>hiſtoria factum eſt. </s> <s>Nanque animalium doctrina, licèt minus vniuerſalis; anteponitur hiſtoriæ <lb></lb>plantarum, & in animalium tractatione tanquam norma proponitur homo prę cęteris ad con<lb></lb>templandum; cęteroquin vniuerſalia præponuntur. </s> <s>Euitatur enim repetitio communium quæ <lb></lb>niſi prius tractata fuiſſet, in notitia <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſpeciei facienda foret, & omittuntur illa quæ, cùm in<lb></lb>ſint per accidens, aduerſantur ſcientiæ. </s> <s>Nam multa communia ſpeciei per accidens inſunt quæ <lb></lb>per ſe inſunt generi: hæc autem omnia ad facilitatem <expan abbr="certitudinemq́">certitudinemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſcientię conferunt; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <lb></lb>præſtare tanti momenti ſemper habitum fuit, vt methodi nonnunquam ex ordine nominentur <lb></lb>determinentur, & diſtinguantur, vt Analyticę contigiſſe defendimus. </s> <s>Nanque etſi à primis inci<lb></lb>piendum eſt in quaque doctrina; multis modis prima ſunt, & multi ſunt ſcopi in quos <expan abbr="cõtendit">contendit</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg875"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ille qui docet, quos vt aſſequatur, varios <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ordines teneat oportet; immò niſi ordinem re<lb></lb>bus tractandis adhibeat, idem erit propemodum, àc ſi ſcientiam à fortuna expectet. </s> <s>Huc ergo po<lb></lb>tiſsimum methodus aſpirat, & in ſe <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> artificium. </s> <s>Proinde quas methodos appellauit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles, enucleatius vocauit Galenus <foreign lang="grc">διδασκαλιας τάξεως ἐχομένας</foreign>, ideſt doctrinas quę ordine <lb></lb>inſiſtunt, & iis oppoſitas dixit Ariſtoteles <foreign lang="grc">διδασκαλιασα τέχνους</foreign>, ideſt, artis expertes. </s> <s>Porrò pro<lb></lb>poſitum quod intuentur ij qui docent, & quò curſum ſuum dirigere debent, ſunt vel inuentio <lb></lb>rerum tractandarum vel inuentarum explanatio, vel compendium ad memoriam: tametſi hoc <lb></lb>poſtremum non neceſſarium. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm ego ordinis initia ſumenda eſſe dico à primis ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam, illa excludo, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ad principiorum notitiam afferuntur: neque enim ſunt <lb></lb>prima ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ſciẽtiam">ſcientiam</expan> faciunt: quoniam tunc ſcimus rem cauſſas <expan abbr="habẽtem">habentem</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm eius cauſſas habemus. </s> <s>ſunt principia ſanè cognitionis, ſed non ſcientiæ pars, & principia <lb></lb>viæ, non ordinis à quibus in ſecundo & quarto contextu. 1. Phyſ. ſub vniuerſalium nomine pro<lb></lb>cedere iubebat Ariſtoteles, vt ad rerum principia reſoluendo veniremus. </s> <s>Itaque, cùm principio<lb></lb>rum gratia tractentur ea quæ ſunt notiora nobis, cum principiis ipſis numeranda erunt: veluti, <lb></lb>quanuis tranſmutatio ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quo introducimur ad ſpeculationem materię & formę, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>omnino naturæ quæ ſunt vera principia rerum naturalium; nihilominus ea tractatio de prin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg876"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipiis eſt quoniam eſt de natura quę eſt, verè <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, non de tranſmutatione. </s> <s>Profectò prima <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam multa ſunt, & finis & efficiens, & forma, & materies: quæ etſi huiuſmodi <lb></lb>ſunt in natura; per anologiam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad rerum intelligentiam transferri queunt. </s> <s>verùm ſcientia <lb></lb>completur ex principiis internis quæ ſunt materies & forma. </s> <s>nam ſcire arbitramur, vbi nouimus <lb></lb>ex quibus & quot principiis res exiſtat. </s> <s>Attamen, quia nonmodò ſcientiam veſtigamus, ſed <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>diſpoſitionem quæ tractanda erunt; diſpoſitio verò & directio pendent ex fine potiſsimum. </s> <s>ab <lb></lb>hoc enim illa pendent quæ ſe habent ex ſuppoſitione, ideſt, ſine quibus <expan abbr="cõſequentia">conſequentia</expan> non <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan>; <lb></lb>tametſi notitia cauſſarum internarum ſcientiæ ſatisfacit; habenda <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt ratio finis. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>quòd in pluribus forma & finis idem ſunt, <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> forma præſtare ſolet, ordinandi nimi<lb></lb>rum, & explicandi. </s> <s>Magna quoque vis eſt materiæ, ſiquidem ordo poſitus ſit in conſecutione <lb></lb>poſteriorum ex prioribus, hęc verò cùm ſint, vel originis in quo quidem illa <expan abbr="pręponũtur">pręponuntur</expan> ex qui<lb></lb>bus conſequentia pullulant, vel perfectionis; illius ordinis qui reſpicit originem caput eſt mate<lb></lb>ria: efficientis quanuis magna ſit auctoritas; <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> tamen ad <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> ſpectat, habetur aut ſeor<lb></lb>ſum ratio nulla, aut in hæc ipſa principia reſoluitur, nanque, vt puto, <expan abbr="efficiẽtia">efficientia</expan> diſpoſitio reſolui<lb></lb>tur in officium finis & neceſsitatem materiæ. </s> <s>ſiquidem à fine dirigatur efficiens, & hoc prius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg877"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illud efficiat, quoniam poſterius ex priore pullulat, vt ex his per ſequelam quandam ordine di<lb></lb>ſpenſatis exoriatur illud, quò primò intendebat, & hoc efficit efficiens, quòd ſine ipſo poſterius <lb></lb>exiſtere nequeat; vt purgat, quae ex purgatione humores <expan abbr="adęquẽtur">adęquentur</expan>; his adæquatis ſanitas exiſtit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita coniuncta eſt <expan abbr="efficiẽtiæ">efficientiæ</expan> conditio cum officio finis & neceſsitate materiæ: Veruntamen quòd <lb></lb>ex fine pendet per intentionem, ex materia per executionem; cùm ſit in intentionis officio prę<lb></lb>cipuus finis: huic ordinandi ratio tribuitur: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>efficiendo pendeat ex neceſsitate materiæ, <lb></lb>& materiam adducat ad formam, & in materia motus appareat; contenta mens eſt ſpeculatione <lb></lb>ordinis qui extat ex materia. </s> <s>Quapropter erit ordo qui <expan abbr="ducit̃">ducitur</expan> ab efficiente ille ipſe qui extat ex <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>Miſſo igitur efficiente de reliquis agamus. </s> <s>Veniat in <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> forma, ſi cum fine concur<lb></lb>rit. </s> <s><expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> obtinet habitudinem; primam ſanè, quatenus eſt finis, eſt verò finis tranſmutationis: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> reſpicit parteis materialeis; quę per quoſdam gradus ad finem perducuntur; eadem eſt eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ complementum, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpectat parteis eſſentiæ, quæ generibus & differentiis explicantur. <pb pagenum="103"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg878"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Rurſus inter formam & materiam duplex intercedit habitudo: prima, qua forma perfectionis <lb></lb><expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> materiæ pręficitur; ſecunda, qua materies origine antecedit. </s> <s>Neque tibi id moleſtiam ad<lb></lb>ferat, quòd materia caput alicuius ordinis in doctrina ſtatuatur, quòd notum eſſe debeat, illa ve<lb></lb>rò ſit ignota: accipitur enim materia quæ cogitatione comprehenditur, & eſt <foreign lang="grc">νοητή</foreign>. </s> <s>proinde <lb></lb>iam nota effecta principium ordinis eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>His ſanè modis ſe habent principia naturę quę <lb></lb>diriguntur in ſcientiam: ex quibus effectum eſt, vt tres ordinum formulæ quibus ſcientiæ tra<lb></lb>duntur excogitatæ fuerint quos doctrinæ ordines appellabimus, proptereà quòd accommodent <lb></lb>res ad ſcientiam. </s> <s>vnus à notione finis ad ea quibus finis comparatur, quem dicimus analyticum, <lb></lb>alter ab eorum notione ex quibus finis exiſtit, qui compoſitiuus appellatur: ac tertius ab eſſen<lb></lb>tia ad eſſentiæ principia, quem Galenus vocat definitiuum. </s> <s>præter hos alius nullus ab approba<lb></lb>tis auctoribus vſurpatus, nec vnquam, vt puto, memoriæ commendatus. </s> <s>Verumeninuerò cùm <lb></lb>dico finem, etiam generatim accipi volo id quod ſcire auemus, & laboramus vt noſcamus: ideò <lb></lb>propoſitum, & ſubiectum, cùm ſint fines; caput huius ordinis eſſe poterunt, quemadmodum <lb></lb>conſtat 1. T. 1. Phyſ. vbi propoſita ſcientia rerum naturalium illatum eſt agendum prius eſſe de <lb></lb>principiis. </s> <s>Itaque aliud eſt ordo à via. </s> <s>quòd (vt dictum eſt) via terminatur fabrica inſtrumen<lb></lb>torum, & ſumit nota, vt ex his inſtrumenta conflentur, ſed ordo nobis ſuppeditat locum in quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg879"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res ſubiecta, principia, <expan abbr="parteſq́">parteſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt ſuis inſtrumentis & rationibus explicanda. </s> <s>Vt primùm de <lb></lb>natura <expan abbr="disserendũ">disserendum</expan>, mox de corporibus, & anteà de ſimplicibus, poſteà de mixtis. </s> <s>ſed via definiti<lb></lb>ua disseritur de natura; adhibebitur <expan abbr="demõſtratiua">demonſtratiua</expan> ad explicandas affectiones corporum natura<lb></lb>lium; hęc res à poſteriori noteſcit; à priori noſcetur alia; verùm hæc poſt illam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> aliud or<lb></lb>do, aliud via. </s> <s>Quamobrem omnium horum officia paucis verbis <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> voluimus hoc modo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg830"></margin.target>b 1. de An. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg831"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg832"></margin.target>c 1. Top. <lb></lb>c. 10. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg833"></margin.target>d 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg834"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg835"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg836"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg837"></margin.target>b T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg838"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg839"></margin.target>c Alex. 1. <lb></lb><expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 1. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Ptol. </s> <s>lib. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg840"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg841"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg842"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg843"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg844"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg845"></margin.target>a 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg846"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 57. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg847"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg848"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg849"></margin.target>a 1. De An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg850"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg851"></margin.target>b 1. de an. <lb></lb>T. 45.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg852"></margin.target>c Euſtr. 2. <lb></lb>Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg853"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg854"></margin.target>d 1. Magn. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mor. </s> <s>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg855"></margin.target>e 2 ad Eud. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg856"></margin.target>f 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg857"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg858"></margin.target>a a. </s> <s>Elen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg859"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg860"></margin.target>b. 1. Elen. <lb></lb>1. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg861"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg862"></margin.target>c 2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg863"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg864"></margin.target>d 2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg865"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg866"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg867"></margin.target>a Gal.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg868"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 35. c. 8. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. Met. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. de An. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg869"></margin.target>c In prob. <lb></lb></s> <s>mag. </s> <s>com<lb></lb>ment.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg870"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg871"></margin.target>d 1. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg872"></margin.target>e Proclus <lb></lb>2. in Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg873"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg874"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg875"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg876"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg877"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg878"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg879"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſtrumenta docent; ſumit via, collocat ordo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> omnia quæ prima conſtituimus, vt nobis nota ſtatuuntur, ſiue ſint ex eorum ordi<lb></lb>ne quę proximè colliguntur à ſenſu; ſeu facta ſint nota nobis ex aliis quę ſint nota nobis. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>& materia, quanuis ſit ignota per ſe, cùm facta eſt <expan abbr="intelligẽda">intelligenda</expan> eſſe poteſt nonmodò principium <lb></lb>rei, ſed cognitionis. </s> <s>At enim cuiuſque ordinis vſus ex Ariſtotele & Galeno facilè expedietur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quandoquidem reſolutiuus ad inuentionem faciat, ad notitiam pariendam compoſitiuus. </s> <s>Defi<lb></lb>nitiuus ad breuitatem & memoriam. </s> <s>Nam primus ille ordo proficiſcitur ex fine, à quo omnia <lb></lb>ſuppeditantur quibus eſt opus ad <expan abbr="conſequendũ">conſequendum</expan> id quod optamus, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſerie qua ſemper ex con<lb></lb>ſequente prius accipimus, vt eò demum perueniat quod futurum eſt principium effectionis, ſiue <lb></lb>executionis, vt in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> actione humana, niſi temeraria ſit, euenire ſolet: ſic & propoſito fine colli<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg880"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>guntur illa quę perducunt ad eum finem: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> finis principium vnà rei & ſermonis, & (vt ait <lb></lb>Proclus) <foreign lang="grc">κάλλιστον ὁρμητήριον</foreign>, ideſt, gradus optimus ad <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> & cogitandum. </s> <s>Proinde cùm <lb></lb>inuentio cęteris actibus ſcientiæ pręcedat: iure primus omnium ponetur reſolutiuus. </s> <s>Cùm verò <lb></lb>in altero qui eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitiuus">compoſitiuus</expan>, ſuccedat, vt priora & cauſſa quæ reſoluendo inuentæ fuerant; po<lb></lb>ſterioribus & effectis adnectantur, & in hoc poſita ſit rerum ſcientia, compoſitiuus ad ſcientiam <lb></lb>faciet, non eo quòd doceat: iam enim eſt hoc inſtrumenti, non quòd ſumat id quod eſt viæ, ſed <lb></lb>quoniam res ſcibiles in eo ſic diſponuntur, vt optimè ex ipſo vię pateant, & principia ex quibus <lb></lb><expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan> ſciendi conflentur. </s> <s>Idcirco cùm ex inuentis <expan abbr="cõſtituatur">conſtituatur</expan>, iam poſterior ordo <expan abbr="habẽdus">habendus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquam hic ordo ſupra cæteros vtilis eſt, vbi productio & effectio proponuntur vt in arti<lb></lb>bus: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> efficiendo aliter progredi licet. </s> <s>Verùm ſi incidamus in commune ad vnum, & eius <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tractatio ex reſolutione & compoſitione conſtat: etenim vbi notum fuerit, ita reſoluitur, <lb></lb>vt ratione prius, & eiuſmodi, vt à partibus ſeparari poſsit, quia ſine <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> cogitari valeat; partes <lb></lb>vbi conuenientia conſtituta fuerit, prima illa mentis appulſione ſine hoc communi nequaquam, <lb></lb>quia nimirùm eſſentia ſit eadem eius quod eſt in parte, & partis vt ſubſtantiæ & ſubſtantiæ en<lb></lb>tis, vt ſuo loco diſputauimus, quòd ſi ignotum fuerit, ex partibus tanquam natura prioribus vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ſecundùm rationem reperitur, & ad earum notitiam quoquo modo pertinet, vt expoſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg881"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum eſt in diſceptatione de <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> ad vnum. </s> <s>Sed cùm partes ſint, & origine, & natura priores. <lb></lb></s> <s>in vtroque partium notitia flagitatur, & præcipuè primæ illius partis à qua cæterę deſcendunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm à prima parte ad alias, & ab his ad vniuerſum eſt ordo compoſitiuus. </s> <s>Etenim ordo prius <lb></lb>elucet in poſteriore: neque enim ordo ſpectatur in pedibus animalis, quia per ſe noteſcunt; nec <lb></lb>aliud ad ſui notitiam flagitant, ſed in pedibus ſcamni quos ſine pedibus animalis animo comple<lb></lb>cti non licet; idcircò in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> notitiam reſoluuntur, & ex eorum <expan abbr="cõprehenſione">comprehenſione</expan> <expan abbr="pedũ">pedum</expan> ſcamni co<lb></lb>gnitio conſtat; mox ipſius <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> ex <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> notitia. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> compoſitiuus ordo <lb></lb>ad ſcientiam proximè pertinebit, qui cùm maximè appareat in vniuocis, vbi à genere deducimur <lb></lb>ad ſpecies; videtur eſſe ratio potiſsima, cur ibi à <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> exordiamur; in iis quæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <lb></lb>non ſemper; ac niſi commune aliundè cognitum fuerit, vel per ſuperiora in eadem ſcientia, vel <lb></lb>etiam per alia nota nobis, vt enim genera <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ex partibus ſubiectis, nonnunquam ex inhę<lb></lb>rentibus & notis nobis ſæpè noteſcunt, ſic & de communibus ad vnum idem eſt iudicandum. <pb pagenum="104"></pb>Definitiuus autem ſua breuitate <expan abbr="cõducit">conducit</expan> ad memoriam, quòd eſſentiam proponit, vt iam conſti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg882"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tutam, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> reuocans ad illius principia quę pauca ſunt, compendio conſulit. </s> <s>Tametſi ſiquis <lb></lb>interius ſcrutetur, definitiuum cum reſolutiuo numerare poterit: cùm in ipſo definitio reſolua<lb></lb>tur in ſua principia, & ſicuti reſolutiuus ad ſcientiæ complementum flagitat compoſitiuum: ſic <lb></lb>quoque definitiuus efficit ſcientiam, vbi mens ab initiis definitionis reuertitur ad definitionem, <lb></lb>& ab hac ad definitum quod eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ex materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Quapropter hic ordo natura po<lb></lb>ſterior eſt reliquis. </s> <s>Omnes igitur à priori ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> progrediuntur. </s> <s>nanque vniuerſalia <lb></lb>ſunt priora ſingularibus origine: finis & eſſentia ſunt priora perfectione. </s> <s>Vnde naſcitur, vt & <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> diſpoſitio quæ habetur ex ordine; ſit ex prioribus ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ad poſteriora, & <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> me<lb></lb>thodus conſimiliter, ſed vt non omnes ordines ab eo quod eſt origine prius, incipiunt; ſic omnis <lb></lb>ſcientia vult ex primis origine proficiſci. </s> <s>Quamobrem facilè dabitur nobis <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> doctrinę cum <lb></lb>ordine naturæ congruere. </s> <s>Et quanquam definitiuus naturę ordini minus reſpondere videatur, <lb></lb>ſed eſſe ſolùm mentis noſtræ progreſſus; neque enim ſic natura progreditur. </s> <s>Eſto enim quòd <lb></lb>natura, ſi <expan abbr="domũ">domum</expan> ſtructura eſſet, non aliter efficeret quàm ædificator; quippe quòd ſine conſtituto <lb></lb>parietes erigere ſtuderet, vt eos erigere poſſet, iaceret fundamenta; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> reſolueret & <expan abbr="cõponeret">componeret</expan>, <lb></lb>nullus tamen eſt progreſſus naturæ, qui ſimilis ſit ordini definitiuo: reſpondebimus <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> do<lb></lb>ctrinæ cum ordine naturæ <expan abbr="cũgruere">congruere</expan> <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, vel quòd ſicuti natura ſemper exorditur à primis, ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg883"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam doctrina, vel quia progreſſum naturæ imitetur quem ipſa tenet in rebus naturalibus pro<lb></lb>ducendis, eiuſmodi progreſſum ordo reſolutiuus & <expan abbr="cõpoſitiuus">compoſitiuus</expan> <expan abbr="imitãtur">imitantur</expan>: definitiuus eo ſolùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> reſpondet naturæ, quae ex primis exorditur ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>A primis igitur ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam methodus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> exorditur, quocunque modo prima ſint. </s> <s>Et quanuis aliqua reſoluendo <lb></lb>procedat, id quod eſſe videtur à poſteriori tendere ad prius, vt cùm ab effectibus ad cauſſas, & à <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan> ad principia componentia, & à priori & poſteriori ſimul progreditur, vt puta à priore <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, origine tamen poſteriore. </s> <s>Nam demum reſolutio terminatur parte quæ <lb></lb>materię <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> ſubit, illa verò ad id quod eſt actu, tametſi natura prior pfectione, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſt poſterior: <lb></lb>quippe ab actu cognito ad potentia cognita, & à toto ad partes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> materialiter definitio <expan abbr="cõ-flatur">con<lb></lb>flatur</expan>. </s> <s>Sic reſolutionis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> conſeruatur quæ <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> ad priora proficiſci, & methodus à primis ſe<lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> exorditur. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> tot ordines <expan abbr="exiſtãt">exiſtant</expan>, & ad varios vſus inſtituti <lb></lb>ſint, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen ab eis qui <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> profitentur (ſunt verò Ariſtoteles & Galenus) <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> mo<lb></lb>do vſurpatos fuiſſe perſpicio. </s> <s>quippe quae Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <expan abbr="ſciẽtiam">ſcientiam</expan> ordine definitiuo tradidiſſe perſpi<lb></lb>ciatur: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolus vſus fuerit Galenus: quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nunquam de tali ordine <expan abbr="mentionẽ">mentionem</expan> fecerit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vt verò, ego facilè concedo <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe <expan abbr="confectã">confectam</expan> ordine definitiuo; ſic nos illo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg884"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vſum fuiſſe in methodi partibus negare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan> explicatio <expan abbr="demõſtrationis">demonſtrationis</expan> & naturę. </s> <s>Illud qui<lb></lb>dem fateor ab Ariſtotele, ne verbo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſignificatũ">ſignificatum</expan> fuiſſe, ſiue quae ſub reſolutiuo <expan abbr="cõprehenderet̃">comprehenderetur</expan>, <lb></lb>ſeu quia maximè diſtaret à facienda doctrina, cùm incipiat ab <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> rei quę nota eſt ſecundùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> & nobis ignota, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> ſimpliciter <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abſolueret. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> multa requirit tractata, <lb></lb>& explicata fuſius quæ per illum ordinem in pauca capita, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>breuiſsima digeruntur, ſiue <lb></lb>etiam propter omneis cauſſas. </s> <s>Neque enim abſurdum eſt, vt quod non poſſunt ſingula, multa <lb></lb>iuuent, vt poëta dixit. </s> <s>Quòd autem non fuerit de tali ordine <expan abbr="mẽtio">mentio</expan> facta ante Galenum, dici po<lb></lb>teſt, quae vt reſoluentis ſpecies habita fuerit, illum enim imitatur, dum progreditur ab eo quod pri<lb></lb>mum intenditur, eſſentia rei nimirum ad eius parteis, ſed eo nomine reſoluens, quatenus ab eo <lb></lb>quod eſt vt finis, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> definitum. </s> <s>huius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> noſcendi cupiditas nobis inceſsit, ad illa procedit quæ <lb></lb>eius gratia mens complecti voluit; nam partes illæ quas perſequitur, in eius definitione ſu<lb></lb>muntur. </s> <s>reſolutiuus propriè illic adhibitus vbi res, aut non dum perſpecta, aut non ſatis commo<lb></lb>dè fuiſſet expoſita. </s> <s>Quocirca cùm Ariſtoteles primus, aut ſolo Anaxagora excepto <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>extra materiam <expan abbr="cõſtituerit">conſtituerit</expan>, & aliud genus ſubſtantię monſtrarit quod eſſet vltra naturam, aliud <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> philoſophiæ genus propoſuit, quod cùm eſſet nouum, ab eo quoque ordine reſolutiuo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg885"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tractandum fuit. </s> <s>Etenim ex natura ſapientiæ quæ verſatur in notitia principiorum <expan abbr="vniuerſaliũ">vniuerſalium</expan>, <lb></lb>nos per principia cognitionis <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, deinde per eſſentias materiatas, ad eas quæ ſeparatæ ſunt, <lb></lb>& demum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad primum omnium principium deduxit. </s> <s>Et cùm ethicen primus omnium So<lb></lb>crates attigiſſet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſatis accuratè tractaſſet, Ariſtoteles eam conſimili ordine abſoluit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eodẽq́">Eodenque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>modo diſpoſita eſt ars ſyllogiſtica, ſi rectè perpendatur, quòd ante Ariſtotelem à nemine <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> <lb></lb>ſcripta fuerit. </s> <s>Naturalis ordine compoſitiuo tradita; quòd potius ſcientia rerum à veteribus in<lb></lb>uentarum quàm inuentio deſideraretur;à pluribus enim anteà <expan abbr="copioſiſsimèq́ue">copioſiſsimèque</expan> tractata fuerat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Definitiuum autem non ita reſtringo, quod quidam facit, vt exordiri velim à definitione <expan abbr="ſciẽtiæ">ſcientiæ</expan>, <lb></lb>vel artis, quid enim vetat, quominus exordiar à definitione ſubiecti, vt ſi à definitione <expan abbr="demõſtra-tionis">demonſtra<lb></lb>tionis</expan> incipiam tractationem? </s> <s>Neque vim inferendi propriam ordinis eſſe puto: ſicuti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam <lb></lb>viæ. </s> <s>De via manifeſtum eſt, vt ſi diuidens ſumatur, de ordine etiam patet, vbi definitiuum acci<lb></lb>pias: nanque definitionis partes vt rudius notæ conſtituuntur, & explicantur ſolùm. </s> <s>in ſola via <pb pagenum="105"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg886"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſyllogiſtica eſt illatio, poteſt aliquid ineſſe neceſsitatis inter parteis; ſed illatio nequaquam: plus <lb></lb>enim patet neceſſarium <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quàm illatio. </s> <s>neque à definitione ad definitum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à genere & parti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg887"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus ad definitionem eſt facultas inferendi, ſi vera docent Auerroës & Ariſtoteles: eſt ſanè pro<lb></lb>greſſus ab vno ad alterum, à priore ad poſterius, & à noto fortaſſe ad <expan abbr="ignotũ">ignotum</expan>, quòd ſi hoc illatio<lb></lb>nem vocemus, de nomine non contendam, ſed valdè impropriè ſic appellari monebo. </s> <s>omni <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>ordini, omni viæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omni inſtrumento <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt ille progreſſus: at non in omni inſtrumen<lb></lb>to ineſt neceſsitas inferendi, vt in exemplo & inductione, ſed vbi extat ſyllogiſmus: in hac enim <lb></lb>oratione ſola aliud quid ab acceptis infertur neceſſariò. </s> <s>Ab his igitur ordinibus methodi ſunt ap<lb></lb>pellatæ quę res ipſas quarum ſcientiam quęrimus, amplectuntur, & eas certis inſtrumentis notas <lb></lb>efficiunt, vt autem ea ſtruant, varias adhibent machinas & vias. </s> <s>Erit igitur ampla vis methodi; <lb></lb>neque ſolùm via conſtabit, vt iis placuit qui methodum interprętati ſunt viam. </s> <s>Hęc ſiquis accu<lb></lb>ratius inſpexerit, facilè intelliget cur genus omiſſum fuerit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illę differentiæ conſtitutæ quæ <lb></lb>è genere ipſo pullulant, vnde methodi definitio ſtrui poſſet: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> vocis ambiguitas quę diſtribuen<lb></lb>da fuit in plureis notioneis; tùm plura illa quæ in vnius methodi <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan> <expan abbr="cõcurrunt">concurrunt</expan>, & re<lb></lb>ſolutionem flagitant; tum item quòd accidentia cùm ſint, aut illa imitentur (etenim ſunt ex affe<lb></lb>ctionibus entis) ex cauſsis ea primùm dignoſci oportebat, & ex illis eruere definitionem; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg888"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiebantur, vt inde initium facerem. </s> <s>nunc ratio ſuccurret ad hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> præſtanda quorum initium <lb></lb>ab ea diſtinctione repetetur, quòd hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> rebus analyticis ſimilia ſunt: ſiquidem ſicut illa ſeor<lb></lb>ſum ſpectari queunt, & vt applicata ad certarum rerum explicationem & applicata degenerant <lb></lb>in habitum illum qui per ſe in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> explicatione verſatur, velut vſurpata in phyſicis iam phyſica <lb></lb>ſunt; ſic & ordo, & inſtrumenta, & viæ vel abſolutè concipiuntur, & ita pertinent ad facultatem <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmuniorem">communiorem</expan>, vel in quaque ſcientia ſumuntur, & partes eius ſcientiæ fiunt: abſolutè accepta <lb></lb>planè ſunt ex ordine ſecundarum <expan abbr="notionũ">notionum</expan>, & cùm per omne genus pertinere valeant, & ſenſile, <lb></lb>& quod in <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> cadit, in <expan abbr="trãſcendentibus">tranſcendentibus</expan> optimo iure numerantur: eorum nullum <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>genus eſt, neque differentia quæ emanet ex genere: veruntamen quòd nihil eſt in mente noſtra <lb></lb>quod imaginem cuiuſdam certæ categoriæ non referat, & ſub determinata dictionis figura non <lb></lb>repręſentetur; aimus item & hæc à nobis ita concipi nimirùm <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> & inſtrumenta, vt ea quę <lb></lb>reſpiciant inter ſe: ordo enim poſitus eſt in rebus ordinatis, & inſtrumenta ſunt alicuius effi<lb></lb>cientis & gratia finis: via monſtrat progreſſum ad aliquam formam, ſiue habitum: proinde nun<lb></lb>cupabitur ex fine, ac proximo quidem inſtrumento, remoto verò ſcientia. </s> <s>Quapropter eiſdem <lb></lb>categoriis veluti ſpatium & termini <expan abbr="cõprehendentur">comprehendentur</expan>. </s> <s>Methodus verò tota cuius hæc ſunt prin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg889"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipia propter eruditionem quæ ponitur in diſcente, & ſcientiam qua debet impertiri, progreſſus <lb></lb>erit cum ratione & via à priore ſecundùm naturam ad poſterius, quoad ex illo facilè doceatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc illorum propria ſunto, dum abſolutè conſiderantur. </s> <s>Sed iam rebus ipſis adiuncta <expan abbr="ſpectẽtur">ſpectentur</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm degenerant in ea quibus aggregantur, & in ſcientiis agnoſcuntur. </s> <s>Equidem varium <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> <lb></lb>de ordine, & via, & inſtrumento, & ſcientia, & methodo <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> puto. </s> <s>Id verò facilè me proba<lb></lb>turum confido, ſi prius exponam quemadmodum ſcientia comparetur. </s> <s>Nec verò dubium eſt, <lb></lb>quin æmuletur eius adeptio quendam motum quo ex iis quæ nota ſunt natura, ſtudemus <expan abbr="cõſe-qui">conſe<lb></lb>qui</expan> notitiam rerum quas ignoramus. </s> <s>ea notitia fit per ipſarum ſpecies & notiones, quas ita di<lb></lb>ſpoſitas eſſe oportet, & ſic cohęrere, vt ille qui ſciturus eſt, fiat <foreign lang="grc">ἀμετ αίπτωτος</foreign> & immutabilis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò notiones cùm ſint ſimulachra rerum quæ ſunt extra animum, perſpicuè <expan abbr="numerãtur">numerantur</expan> in iis <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ad aliquid <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eædem, quòd afficiunt animum, vocantur ab Ariſtotele <foreign lang="grc">παθήματα</foreign> & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg890"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>paſsiones. (neque enim nos ita Latini eſſe volumus, vt pro rebus nomina tibi demus, vt illi qui <lb></lb>animi ſenſus vertere voluërunt) ad quas cùm pertineat genus illud mutationis quæ dicitur alte<lb></lb>ratio, ſimiliter analogia quadam hæc alteratio dicitur à philoſophis, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed cùm ſit ſine pernicie <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg891"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ ac ſubiecti circum quod fit, atque aliter àc motus ille qui fit in paſsione corporea, & <lb></lb>primæ ſpeciei, notatur illa conditione ſalutaris. </s> <s>Ergo quatenus ſunt ſigna <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan>, reponuntur in iis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg892"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ſunt ad aliud. </s> <s>vnde <expan abbr="ſciẽtia">ſcientia</expan> dicitur eſſe rei quæ ſciri poteſt. </s> <s>eædem cùm ſint animi paſsiones, <lb></lb>non ſine cauſſa referuntur ad qualitates: & cùm ex his ſcientia fiat quam ſtabilem eſſe <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>, <lb></lb>in habituum ordine numerabitur. </s> <s>Itaque ſcientia terminus erit <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> motionis quæ fit in qua<lb></lb>litate. </s> <s>Cùm verò termini in hac categoria bifariam ſpectari poſsint, vt formæ, & vt infixi, vnde <lb></lb>conuertuntur in habitus, veluti calor febrilis qui primùm ex affectione producitur, & terminus <lb></lb>eſt huius affectionis, eſt forma; hic ſi foueatur & redintegretur, efficitur hecticus, & <expan abbr="transformat̃">transformatur</expan> <lb></lb>in habitum: ſic de ſcientia dicendum eſt: contrahitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex iterata contemplatione, & ſic inhę<lb></lb>ret, vt non niſi ex maxima perturbatione <expan abbr="cõmoueri">commoueri</expan> queat, ex quo efficitur habitus, & cùm prius <lb></lb><expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> vel leui occaſione pelli poſsit, quaſi facta materiæ propria, & ex toto combibita pertinaci<lb></lb>ter inſidet, nihil afferens noui, & intentione, non extentione proficiens, ac quodammodo pote<lb></lb>ſtatem <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> informans, & nihil reſpiciens ipſam cogitantem, qua ex noto ad <expan abbr="ignotũ">ignotum</expan> <expan abbr="diſcẽdo">diſcendo</expan> <lb></lb>proficiſcimur: quia non amplius in docentis poteſtate poſita eſt, ſed in arbitrio eius qui didicit. <pb pagenum="106"></pb>At hoc ad præſentem cognitionem non attinet; nec inde neceſsitatis & conſtantiæ ratio petitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg893"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnde ſciens nequeat permutari, ſed ex neceſſariò notionum nexu, vt quotieſcunque ſe referat <lb></lb>ad contemplandum, ſemper ex hoc illud ſequi perſpiciat. </s> <s>Id in <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> relatione poſitum eſſe vi<lb></lb>detur. </s> <s>Quamobrem videamus quemadmodum motus pertineat ad relationem. </s> <s>Non pertinet <lb></lb>autem motus ad illam per ſe, ſed alio <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> motu fundetur oportet in quo ſit agens, quod de<lb></lb>ducat de poteſtate ad actum mobile, & dum actum vnius motus contribuit, etiam ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> alte<lb></lb>rius conſequentis promoueat. </s> <s>vt dum me impellit, etiam faciat, vt columna dextera euadat, & <lb></lb>ego expulſus termino præſente, qui eram nuper à dextris, ſim nunc à ſiniſtris. </s> <s>Sim ego poteſtate <lb></lb>ſcibile, quod actu ſcibile fit per ſpeciei <expan abbr="repurgationẽ">repurgationem</expan>, mens mouens impellens ſit columna <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ poteſtate eſt, & vt columna ex mea certa poſitura facta eſt dextra; ſic mens ex obiecti præ<lb></lb>ſentia facta ſit ſciens. </s> <s>Hiſce ſic ſtantibus ſicut in aliis motibus cum per ſe, tum per accidens eſt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>vnde & quo fit motus, qui ſunt termini, & quod inter <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> terminos interiacet, tanquam ſpa<lb></lb>tium per quod fertur, dum è poteſtate traducendum eſt ad actum, atque hoc etiam diuiditur in <lb></lb>terminos <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> qui deinceps, & ordinatè accedunt (gradus appellare liceat) & hos omneis <expan abbr="cõ-tinet">con<lb></lb>tinet</expan> vna forma quaſi compoſita ex illis, ita vt producens qualitatem nil aliud propemodum fa<lb></lb>cere videatur, àc colligere gradus omneis in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſummum qui reliquos inferioreis <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>; <lb></lb>ſic in ſcientia facienda mens eſt mouens, quę cùm actu ſit, diſiungendo, & copulando ſpecies il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg894"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>luſtrat, ſiue in ſciente, dum per ſe <expan abbr="contẽplatur">contemplatur</expan>, ſiue in diſcente, cùm docetur; <expan abbr="eæq́">eæque</expan>. </s> <s>illuſtratę mo<lb></lb>uent mentem patibilem, & promonent ad actum; atque ita mouere eſt docere, & ita moueri di<lb></lb>ſcere & comparare ſcientiam. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ſit cognitio collocata in habitudine <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſcibilium, <lb></lb>& mentis in potentia quæ ſunt veluti fundamenta relationis; ex hoc naſcitur, vt in vtroque fun<lb></lb>damento progreſſus quidam cogitari poſsit, licèt in rebus ſcibilibus primò (ſunt enim actus) in <lb></lb>mente poſterius; ac, mea quidem ſententia, progreſſus in <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> qui ſimilis eſt mutationi poſiturę <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">διανόιας</foreign>, & cogitationis nomine notatur; in rebus ipſis, ſeu potius notionibus appellatur via <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſicut inter eos terminos in quorum altero columna erat ſiniſtra, in altero <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> dextra <lb></lb>qua ſcientię partes per ſucceſsionem comparantur. </s> <s>In his progreſsibus media ſunt rerum formę <lb></lb>ac notiones inter quas ordo exiſtit; ex his autem ſcientia, ceu cumulus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> conflatur; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg895"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>multò ſecus, àc in formę naturalis productione fieri contingat: niſi quòd gradus in hac materię <lb></lb>cauſſa diuiduntur, & in eo motu <expan abbr="cõtinuantur">continuantur</expan>, actiones actu ſeiunctę ſunt, nec accipiunt diuiſio<lb></lb>nem: prætereà gradus in forma naturali quò priores, eò pius obtinent poteſtatis patibilis & im<lb></lb>perfectionis; notiones quò priores, eò plus habent actuoſę virtutis <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> præſtantiæ; <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> prio<lb></lb>res illuſtrant poſteriores, ſiue eæ ſint nobis notæ, ſiue natura, pro ſua qualibet <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>, quòd eę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg896"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ſunt nobis, afferunt lucem iis quæ nobis ignotæ ſunt, & eæ quæ ſunt notę natura, notas effi<lb></lb>ciunt eas quæ ſunt ignotæ natura. </s> <s>Cęterùm huiuſmodi notionum quæ per progreſſum ſeſe of<lb></lb>ferunt, & ex quatum collectione exiſtit ille habitus, quam dicimus eſſe ſcientiam, diſpoſitio di<lb></lb>uerſos terminos eſt conſecuta, <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan>, & definitionem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> notiones in gignen<lb></lb>da ſcientia ſunt principia duobus modis, vt materia, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> conueniunt in definitionem, vel demon<lb></lb>ſtrationem, & vt efficiens, dum aperiunt & illuſtrant ea quæ ignorantur, & afficiunt in <expan abbr="entẽ">entem</expan> quæ <lb></lb>poteſtas eſt (neque enim abſurdum eſt diuerſis modis efficiens & materiam in vno ſubiecto re<lb></lb>periri, vt audies in lib. de incremento) nec aliud reipſa eſt demonſtratio definitioúe, àc ſcientia; <lb></lb>cùm in demonſtratione & definitione contineantur illę notiones quas habendo ſcimus: proinde <lb></lb>ſcimus habentes demonſtrationem & definitionem. </s> <s>Quòd ſit definitio & demonſtratio <expan abbr="vocant̃">vocantur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan>, & à ſcientia ſeparantur; aduertas obſecro, in ſcientia non quid ipſe cognoſcas atten<lb></lb>di, ſed quid docere poſsis. </s> <s>Scire tuum nil eſt, ait ille, ni ſcire tuum ſciat alter: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt in cęteris <lb></lb>actus actum ſimilem facere ſtudet, ſic actu ſciens in id inſtitutus eſt, vt alterum ſcientem faciat, <lb></lb>quod eſt docere, & id cum pręſtare valeat; tum didiciſſe & ſcire cenſetur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ſignum ſcientis eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg897"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="credit̃">creditur</expan> poſſe docere: atqui doctrina potiſsimè efficitur oratione, quo factum eſt, vt dialectici <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg898"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præcepta faciendæ ſcientiæ tradituri pręcipuam rationem vocum & orationis habuerint. </s> <s>Igitur <lb></lb>in demonſtratione & definitione duæ ſunt partes, altera quæ eſt ſignum, nempe vox; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera <lb></lb>cuius ea vox eſt ſignum, quæ eſt notio & ſimilitudo rerum quæ ſunt extra animum & definitio, <lb></lb>quiditas & forma ſic ſe habent, vt reipſa <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe videantur, & ratione ſeiugentur & per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim definitio ſignum eſt; quiditas notio & ſimilitudo, forma res. </s> <s>Quà igitur eſt vox & <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſic bene habetur inſtrumentum; quà verò notiones includit; nihil omnino differt à <expan abbr="ſciẽtia">ſcientia</expan>. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>ptereà, cùm dicunt philoſophi ſcientiam eſſe habitum qui demonſtratione <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>; demon<lb></lb>ſtrationem tanquam ſignum accipiunt; nam ſic eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>: quanquam multò melius Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles habitum demonſtratiuum nuncupauit, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quaſi demonſtratio quæ pertinaciter inſedit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg899"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit ipſa ſcientia. </s> <s>Sed enim ſcientia, tametſi ſingularum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> eſſe poteſt, vt hominis & trianguli; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcirco methodus appellatur, ſed vbi multæ rerum cognitiones inter quas ſit affinitas; in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>collectæ fuerint, & per incrementa hac nunc inuenta, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> mox alia ſubiecta, vt ad <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> magni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg900"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="107"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg901"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tudinem excreuerint theoremata, & aptam diſpoſitionem conſecuta fuerint, ea certè methodus <lb></lb>eſt, ſic ethica methodus, & politica, & ſyllogiſtica, & naturalis, vt ſæpius appellauit Ariſtoteles, in <lb></lb>qua ſubiectum vnum cuius principia, partes, & proprietates per ſe <expan abbr="cõſiderentur">conſiderentur</expan>; ac ſiquis aliquid <lb></lb>ex his ſeorſum ſpectans methodum vocauerit, is certè eo nomine abutetur, & vocem non rei cu<lb></lb>ius eſt index, ſed imagini aſsignabit; ſicut etiam doctrina abutetur, cùm ſeorſum hæc ipſa tracta<lb></lb>bit; quandò ſunt certa ſcientiarum ſubiecta, & reliqua ad illa referuntur, nec per ſe tractari ſolent; <lb></lb>aut, ſi tractantur, ſubeant vicem ſubiecti accipientia proprietates & principia. </s> <s>Quapropter cùm <lb></lb>dicitur ab Ariſtotele methodos <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quarum ſunt principia, cauſſę, & elementa; non idcirco dicitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg902"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd aliqua ſit in qua non ſint principia cauſſæ & elementa; nulla enim eſt huiuſmodi in qua <lb></lb>vel principia propriè non ſint, vel metaphoricè, vſque adeò vt etiam Dialectica & Rhetorica <lb></lb>(quicquid dicat Philoponus) habeant ſua principia finem, quid eſt, terminos & hypotheſes; ali<lb></lb>ter non eſſet ordo, & id etiam contineant quod quæſitum ſit & ſit ratione concludendum, ſed ita <lb></lb>pronunciatur ab Ariſtotele, Methodos quarum, vt proprium, ex quo methodum conſequentia <lb></lb>deducantur; veluti ſiquis diceret hominis, cuius eſſentia pendet ex ratione, exploraturis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, <lb></lb>de ratione dicendum eſt: & tamen homo & rationis vſus commeant inter ſe. </s> <s>Nec quanuis dicat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg903"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtoteles 8. Phyſ. vtilem eſſe conſiderationem motus non modo ad veritatem naturalem, ſed <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">πρός τῆν μέθοδον τῆν πεζὶ ἀρχῆς τῆς πζώτης</foreign>. </s> <s>ad <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> de <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> de primo principio; notat vniuerſæ <lb></lb>methodi <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, aut vniuerſam <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan>, ideſt, viam qua peruenimus in <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> <lb></lb>primi principij, quę eſt analyſis exordiens à motu. </s> <s>Ergo ordo eſt eſſentia methodi, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſcientiæ, de<lb></lb>monſtratio & definitio, vt voces, non ſunt pars ſcientiæ, ſed inſtrumenta; ſunt verò partes propter <lb></lb>notiones quas ipſæ comprehendunt; & principia ſunt, & partes ſcientię, dum fiunt; ſcientia verò, <lb></lb>cùm confectæ fuerint. </s> <s>Proinde cùm via partes has ex ſucceſsione contineat; & illa vocum cauſſa <lb></lb>erit inſtrumenti pars; cauſſa verò notionum quas ipſa deinceps ſubminiſtrat, erit pars, ſiue prin<lb></lb>cipium ſcientiæ. </s> <s>quocirca eiuſdem generis erunt cuius totum ſolet eſſe, ſed per reductionem: ne<lb></lb>que enim quod eſt vt pars, & in potentia, per ſeipſum eſt in prædicamento, vel generis nuncupa<lb></lb>tione potitur. </s> <s>Itaque ſingulorum genus hoc pacto facilè colligetur cognito genere inſtrumenti <lb></lb>& ſcientię, cuius partes & principia continentur in via. </s> <s>Caue autem ne cenſeas viam eſſe affectio<lb></lb>nem ad ſcientiam, quia differat à ſcientia, tanquam ſine vllo negotio tolli poſsit, ſed illa eſt affe<lb></lb>ctio, cùm eadem cognitio nondum penitus inſedit: vt eiuſdem theorematis cognitio, veluti quòd <lb></lb>angulus in ſemicirculo ſit rectus, in me & in Philippo Fantonio mathematico inſigni eadem eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg904"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed in me eſt affectio, <expan abbr="facileq́">facileque</expan>. </s> <s>mouebitur, in illo immobilis & fixa permanebit. </s> <s>Ex his etiam quæ <lb></lb>conſtituta ſunt; illud explicare licebit, cur demonſtratio & definitio naturalis, vel mathematica <lb></lb>dicatur, via & ordo non item. </s> <s>Nam cùm demonſtratio ac definitio ſint reipſa ſcientiæ, nec ſine il<lb></lb>lis ſe ſcientia tueatur; prout ſcientiæ ſunt determinati generis & phyſica & mathematica, ſic de<lb></lb>monſtratio & definitio phyſica erit, aut mathematica: ſed viæ, quòd potentiam præſeferunt; ea <lb></lb>verò non habet propriam denominationem, & ipſæ conſimiliter denominatione carebunt. </s> <s>Ordo <lb></lb>ſcientiæ totus externus, quippe quòd ſcientia non ſimpliciter ordinem requirat, vt cùm eſt vnius <lb></lb>theorematis, veluti quòd continuum diuidatur in infinitum. </s> <s>ordo enim in pluribus exiſtit: nec<lb></lb>non quòd eadem res variis ordinibus tradi poteſt, vt de arte medica nos admonuit Galenus: nam <lb></lb>quod ipſe methodo reſoluente ſcripſit in libro de conſtitutione artis, idem poſteà tractauit in li<lb></lb>bro artis medicæ ordine methodo definitiua, atque Auicennæ placuit ordo compoſitiuus. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>planè ordo eſt eſſentia methodi, ideſt, ſcientiæ qua docetur; quemadmodum & ſi militum bonus <lb></lb>numerus, dum palantur, & paſsim vagantur ſine duce, idem eſt, atque dum ordinatè procedunt; <lb></lb>ille tamen numerus ſine ordine non vocatur exercitus, ſed latrones & manus, tùm nominatur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg905"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>exercitus, vbi ducem ordine conſequantur; ſic multa quidem theoremata ſine ordine ſunt ſcien<lb></lb>tia, <expan abbr="neutiquã">neutiquam</expan> methodus. </s> <s>Itaque methodus per ſe in ordine conſiſtit, & eſt ad aliquid, & <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> <lb></lb>appelletur methodus naturalis, aut ciuilis; non idcirco eſt, vt vereamur ordinem dici ciuilem, vel <lb></lb>naturalem; ſiquidem non ordinis meritò ſic dicatur, qui rebus tractandis ineſt quoquomodo per <lb></lb>accidens, ſed rerum quas ipſa contemplatur, & eorum nomine quæ cadunt in contemplationem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed cùm & ſic in ordinem redigatur, vt litterarum monumentis commendetur, & denique docea<lb></lb>tur, & addiſci queat; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>flagitat in docente doctrinam velut actum, & in addiſcente peritiam <lb></lb>ſicut affectionem; in docente, & addiſcente ſeorſum ſpecimen obtinet habitus affectionis, & ge<lb></lb>neratim qualitatis. </s> <s>comparatè, eſt habitudo doctoris ad diſcipulum, vt efficientis ad patiens, vel <lb></lb>habitudo ſpecierum, ſeu notionum ad mentem, quæ poteſtate eſt ſicuti formæ ad materiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et hæc pro ratione inſtituti noſtri ſufficiant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg880"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg881"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg882"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg883"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg884"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg885"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg886"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg887"></margin.target>a 1. Prior.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg888"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg889"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg890"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>Mem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg891"></margin.target>c 2. de an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg892"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg893"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg894"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg895"></margin.target>a 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg896"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg897"></margin.target>b 9. Met. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg898"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg899"></margin.target>c 6. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg900"></margin.target>d 1. Rhet. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. Elen. <lb></lb><lb></lb>3. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg901"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg902"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg903"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg904"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg905"></margin.target>D</s></p><pb pagenum="108"></pb> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla ad ſententias veterum pertinentia notantur, & eorum primum qui ens vnum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg906"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>& immobile poſuerunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg906"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANVIS ea quę de veterum ſententiis ad nos peruenere, ſatis ab Ariſtotele tractata fue<lb></lb>rint, & ſedulò confutata, vt nihil de illarum falſitate ſit dubitandum, & quod tum illa tem<lb></lb>pora ferebant, viuentibus atque florentibus earum patronis, hodie illorum dictis exploſis & ſe<lb></lb>ctis extinctis, nihil neceſſe videatur ea retractare. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quòd à doctiſsimis viris hęc omnia <lb></lb>cum ſumma cura ac diligentia conſcripta ſunt: attamen & in hoc loco parcius quidem verſari <lb></lb>libitum eſt, vt ſiqua mihi ſuccurrant quæ ad explanationem Ariſtotelicę ſententiæ conducant, iis <lb></lb>ſtudioſos veri non defraudem. </s> <s>In primis autem omnes ad quatuor fontes referuntur. </s> <s>aut enim <lb></lb>ponitur vnum principium, atque id vel mobile, vel immobile. </s> <s>aut etiam plura, atque illa quidem <lb></lb>vel finita, vel infinita. </s> <s>De ſingulis ſeorſum aliqua dicamus. </s> <s>& cùm de ſumma rerum agant ij qui <lb></lb>ponunt vnum principium idque immobile; ſummouent enim fundamenta methodi naturalis; <lb></lb>cum illis item in primis agamus. </s> <s>Huius ſectæ patroni fuere complures, ſed de his potiſsimè vide<lb></lb>tur meminiſſe Philoſophus. </s> <s>Xenophane, Meliſſo, Parmenide, Lycophrone, & Zenone. </s> <s>Hos om<lb></lb>nes miris modis agitat Ariſtoteles, & eorum ſententias conuellendo & rationum fallacias <expan abbr="indicã-do">indican<lb></lb>do</expan>. </s> <s>Neque eo nomine ſolùm, quòd oppugnent euidentia motum, ſcilicet, & multitudinem quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg907"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt affectiones ſubſtantiæ naturalis, & quorum cauſſas in hac methodo exploramus; <expan abbr="verumetiã">verumetiam</expan> <lb></lb>quia methodi rationem tollunt: quippe quòd vim principij ſubuertant. </s> <s>Itaque fruſtra ſcientia <lb></lb>quæretur, ſi nullum extet principium. </s> <s>Vnum enim eſſe poteſt, vt ſi Deus à quo vniuerſa pendent, <lb></lb>ante illa ſtatuatur quę pendent ab ipſo: atqui ſine illis erit quidem, non tamen principium. </s> <s>Scien<lb></lb>tia verò ſine principiis non exiſtit: atque adeò, vt qui de ſcientia cogitat, in eius intelligentiam <expan abbr="cõ-tinuò">con<lb></lb>tinuò</expan> principia cadant: neque reuocetur in dubium, quin methodi principia ponenda ſint. </s> <s>idque <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele vt perſpicuum acceptum fuiſſe nouimus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Verumenimuerò etſi eorum rationes il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg908"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lò ſpectant, vt rerum multitudinem <expan abbr="motumq́">motumque</expan>. </s> <s>tollant, non omnium tamen vna eſt <expan abbr="communisq́ue">communisque</expan> <lb></lb>reprehenſio. </s> <s>Nanque eiuſmodi ſunt, vel vt abſolutè tollant motum, & ſimul etiam cuncta natu<lb></lb>ræ fundamenta demoliantur. </s> <s>vel conſtituta hypotheſi motus perperam colligantur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi na<lb></lb>turam funditus euertunt, nulla ratio ſuppetit phyſico diſſerendi contra illos. </s> <s>& vniuerſa diſce<lb></lb>ptatio primo philoſopho, aut dialectico deleganda. </s> <s>eſt enim non naturalis ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>phyſicus, ſi ſe in ſuis cancellis continere velit, aut tales opiniones impugnare valet, aut etiam vi<lb></lb>tia notare. </s> <s>Neque enim illi ſuccurrere poteſt aliquid notius motu, aut multitudine, quo conuin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg909"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cat aduerſarios; iam enim hæc negabunt illi. </s> <s>oportet autem eum qui docendus eſt, aut de ſenten<lb></lb>tia demouendus, in aliquibus principiis conuenire. </s> <s>Neque inſtantia poteſt afferri, ſi vniuerſa ne<lb></lb>gentur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Neque item vitia reprehendere licebit, quòd idem ſit principium quo verum firmatur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg910"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& falſum deſtruitur. </s> <s>Atqui non conſentiunt de principiis; multò igitur minus de iis quæ princi<lb></lb>pia conſequuntur. </s> <s>Si verò conſtituta hypotheſi motus falsò deducantur, vt in Zenonis diſputa<lb></lb>tione contingit, aliquid ad ipſas dicere licebit. </s> <s>Quanquam neque omnium <expan abbr="rationũ">rationum</expan> quibus Zeno <lb></lb>vſus eſt, eadem eſt ratio: nanque etiam ſi diſputationis eiuſce finem ſpectes, & ipſa non naturalis <lb></lb>eſt; at inter plures rationes quibus ea continetur, vniuerſas tollentes motum & multitudinem; <lb></lb>aliqua proponitur quæ ſyllogiſmum pſeudographon imitatur, & eſt aliqua ex parte non natura<lb></lb>lis: nanque etſi motum euertere conatur; at id efficit aſſumendo nonnulla principia methodi na<lb></lb>turalis, vt ſubſtantiam ſenſilem, ſpatium, & terminos, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>huiuſmodi, & iis abutendo ſeſe impli<lb></lb>cat abſurdis. </s> <s>Proinde vt ſyllogiſmus pſeudographos, quòd Geometriæ principiis abutitur, à <lb></lb>Geometra diſſoluendus eſt, ita aliquam rationem Zenonis à phyſico diſſolui oportebit. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb>obrem diſceptatio quæ cum Zenone, ſuſcipitur ab Ariſtotele, quanuis diſtruat motum, eſt planè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg911"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturalis: ſunt & aliquæ rationes Parmenidis eiuſdem modi. </s> <s>Sed nunc cum illis agamus qui na<lb></lb>turam omnem è medio tollunt. </s> <s>Horum principes fuere Xenophanes, Meliſſus, & Xenophanis <lb></lb>auditor habitus Parmenides. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ac Xenophanes quidem & Meliſſus paullò imperitiores (plus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg912"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim vidit Parmenides) poſuere illud vnum infinitum. </s> <s>Vtriuſque rationes ab Ariſtotele recitan<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Meliſsi ratio cuique perſpicua quam potius ſoriten, ſeu ſyllogiſmum acerualem nuncupaue<lb></lb>ris quo conſequens ad conſequens adiungitur, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & quodammodo aggregatur. </s> <s>Xenophanis ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg913"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio minus trita, & peruulgata. </s> <s>Ponit ipſe æternum ens æquale, infinitum, vnum planè, ſui ſimile <lb></lb>& immobile. </s> <s>Æternum ſanè, quia nihil ex nihilo fieri putat. </s> <s>Nunc igitur ſiue omnia facta ſunt, <lb></lb>ſiue nihil eſt factum quod ſit, ex vtroque ſequitur id quod eſt, eſſe æternum. </s> <s>Nam ſi nihil eſt fa<lb></lb>ctum, æternum igitur: ſin omnia facta eſſe dixerimus, ea ex nihilo facta eſſe oportebit. </s> <s>id verò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>fieri nequeat ordine Naturæ, efficitur, vt nihil omnino factum ſit, itaque æternum. </s> <s>Idem quoque <lb></lb>maius aut minus eſſe non poteſt. </s> <s>Nam ſi maius fit, aliquo accedente factum erit. </s> <s>At id fieri ne<lb></lb>quit; ſiquidem ſic fiet ex minore: Sed in minore non eſt maius. </s> <s>non igitur ex minore fiet maius. <lb></lb></s> <s>ergo ex nihilo: quod ſanè fieri non poteſt. </s> <s>Itaque æternum & infinitum igitur. </s> <s>quandò æternum <pb pagenum="109"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg914"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principio <expan abbr="fineq́">fineque</expan>. </s> <s>caret. </s> <s>Si infinitum, & vnum. </s> <s>Nam ſi vel etiam duo ſint; extrema habeant ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt, ex quo efficitur illa terminos habere, quod quidem infiniti rationem tollit. </s> <s>Si vnum & <lb></lb>ſimile item. </s> <s>Nam ſi diſsimilia fuerint; iam non erit vnum, ſed plura. </s> <s>Idem quoque immobile ſit <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt: proptereà quòd ipſum aliquò ſecedere oporteat: id verò aut plenum erit, aut inane: <lb></lb>plenum non capiet. </s> <s>Inane nihil eſt, niſi inane, ideſt, quod corpore vacat; at tùm corpore non va<lb></lb>caret. </s> <s>Si moueri non poteſt, neque igitur affici: ſi non afficitur, neque dolet, neque ægrotat: ac ſi <lb></lb>dolet & ægrotat, neque dolor nec ægritudo pelli poterunt. </s> <s>Neque item erit mixtio, vel adiectio: <lb></lb>non ſanè mixtio, quòd inter ſe ſimplicia penetrare nequeunt, vt coëant ad mixturam, neque adie<lb></lb>ctio, cùm id quod adiicitur, extaret in adiectione. </s> <s>Sed hoc non eſt; itaque in nihilum abiret. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb>rùm ſicut ex nihilo nihil fit naturaliter, ſic in nihilum nihil abit naturaliter. </s> <s>Igitur nihil omnino <lb></lb>mutatur, nam cæteroqui ſemper efficietur aliquid ex nihilo fieri, aut abire in nihil. </s> <s>Hæc eſt, vt<lb></lb>puto, ratio Xenophanis, licet difficilè poſsit exprimi è verbis Ariſtotelis, quòd mendoſa <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <lb></lb>ſint. </s> <s>Parmenidis ratio ſic colligitur ex Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quicquid eſt præter ens, eſt non ens. </s> <s>nec contra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg915"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicentia poſſunt vnà conſiſtere. </s> <s>Ergo non ens erit, ideſt nihil. </s> <s>Itaque ens vnum. </s> <s>Idem quoque (vt <lb></lb>aiunt Græci) addidit aliam rationem qua vnum & indiuiduum eſſe <expan abbr="cõfirmaret">confirmaret</expan>, hoc modo. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſi diuideretur; ergo bifariam diuidatur, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>pacto ducatur diuiſio partium: ſi hoc continuè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg916"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fiat, vel ſuperſunt extremæ quædam magnitudines minimæ & numero infinitæ, è quibus exiſtet <lb></lb>totum, vel erit inane, & in nihil planè diſſoluetur, & ex nihilo igitur exiſtet: non deducetur <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>ad infinitas illas <expan abbr="minimasq́">minimasque</expan>. </s> <s>magnitudines: quod enim vndequaque ſui ſimile eſt, id vndequaque <lb></lb>etiam vult eſſe diuiduum. </s> <s>Quapropter erit inane, & rurſus ex nihilo conſtabit. </s> <s>Et vnum igitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hanc rationem, quòd vtitur ſectione cuiuſque partis in duas; <foreign lang="grc">ἐκ διχοτομίας</foreign> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="dictã">dictam</expan> fuiſſe <lb></lb>volunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At verò cùm hæc ratio, ne verbo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ab ipſo, nec in lib. de plac. neque 1. Phyſ. aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg917"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>1. Met. nam particulam 33. Primi Phyſ. cenſeo ſecus atque ipſi fecerint, <expan abbr="exponẽdam">exponendam</expan>, nec <expan abbr="vſquã">vſquam</expan> à <lb></lb>Platone <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſignificetur; accipiatur vt poſteriorum philoſophorum ratio duntaxat, & ex peruerſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg918"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verborum interpretatione deſumpta. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò multis vitiis ſcatet argumentatio Xeno<lb></lb>phanis, quorum magna pars, vt eorum opinio conſentit; in ratione Meliſsi notantur. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb>duo ſunt capita reprehenſionis Ariſtotelicæ aſſumptorum falſitas, & carentia formæ ſyllogiſticæ; <lb></lb>cùm aſſumptorum falſitas patefacta veritate detegatur, & habita ſcientia perſpicua fiat; nos <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>in primo aditu <expan abbr="veſtibuloq́">veſtibuloque</expan>. </s> <s>naturalis philoſophiæ verſemur; adde etiam quòd multa ad horum <lb></lb>certa notitiam requiruntur; hac parte dimiſſa alteram aggrediemur quam etiam diligenter per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg919"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecutum fuiſſe videmus Ariſt. </s> <s>cum 1. Phyſ. tùm <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in libello ſeparato de veterum placiti. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>eam quidem partem diſputationis ita tractat Ariſt. </s> <s>vt aliorum <expan abbr="cõſenſu">conſenſu</expan> philoſophorum monſtret <lb></lb>nullam ineſſe neceſsitatem in ijs quę à Xenophane illata fuerint. </s> <s>Ac primum illud. </s> <s>Tametſi ex ni<lb></lb>hilo nihil fit; attamen eſſe poſſe ortum & interitum rerum, ſiue rectum & in infinitum ortus <expan abbr="in-teritusq́">in<lb></lb>teritusque</expan>. </s> <s>principiis ſuppetentibus, vt apud illos, qui vel infinita poſuere principia, ſeu conſimilia, <lb></lb>quemadmodum Democritus atomos eiuſdem generis infinitas, vel contraria, ſicut infinitas <expan abbr="con-trariorũ">con<lb></lb>trariorum</expan> ſpecies Anaxagoras, & fortè Anaximander, vel etiam apud eos qui vnum poſuere prin<lb></lb>cipium mobile, & denſi <expan abbr="rariq́">rarique</expan>. </s> <s>viciſsitudine varias <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſpecies iugiter oriri & interire voluerunt, <lb></lb>ſiue etiam, vt ij poſuere qui circulo quodam facto ortum & interitum ire ac redire crediderunt, <lb></lb>quod dixit Empedocles. </s> <s>Neque obſtat infinitum ortui rerum: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> circulus ille Empedocleus <lb></lb>etiam ad æternitatem conſeruandam multum valet. </s> <s>Neque item ęterno repugnat finitas. </s> <s><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>etſi terminis caret durationis; at non ideò caret terminis magnitudinis. </s> <s>Rurſus neque infinito <lb></lb>multitudinem repugnare ſic manifeſtum eſt, vt protinus tanquam abſurdum ſit habendum, pro<lb></lb>ptereà quòd non modo Empedocles infinita duo, terram, ſcilicet, & æthera, vel aëra vtraque infi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg920"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nita poſuit, verumetiam Xenophanes ipſe conceſsit. </s> <s>non ita dico, quin infinita duo <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <expan abbr="pugnẽt">pugnent</expan>: <lb></lb>ſed quòd à quibuſdam philoſophis & quod plus valet, ab ipſo quoque Xenophane, cùm fuerit <lb></lb>poſitum, vt abſurdum poſteà ſit inductum. </s> <s>Non pugnant hæc quoque ſecum. </s> <s>non eſſe ſimile & <lb></lb>vnum; neque enim <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> eſt id quod <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit, vt vnus homo partes habere quæ diuerſis, immò <lb></lb>contrariis qualitatibus affectæ ſint. </s> <s>poteſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fieri, vt quanuis totum ſibi ſimile ſit, multa <expan abbr="exiſtãt">exiſtant</expan>, <lb></lb>quia partes habeat ſimiles, neque idcircò vacuo ſint interſtinctæ, licet raritate <expan abbr="denſitateq́">denſitateque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparen<lb></lb>tur, atque ita ſeparentur, vt etiam vnum totum maneat ſiue <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>, ſiue infinitum: nec ob id plu<lb></lb>ra ſint infinita, quia partes in infinito non neceſſariò ſunt infinitæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſiue ſit vacuum, ſiue non ſit: non neceſſe eſt ipſum eſſe immobile, quòd & in ſe ipſo mutationem <lb></lb>aliquid accipere poteſt: & motus item ſine vacuo fieri poſſe cenſetur. </s> <s>Nec quominus vnum, <expan abbr="infi-nitumq́">infi<lb></lb>nitumque</expan>. </s> <s>& mobile eſſe ſecum non pugnent, impediunt, quia nihil à ſeipſo moueatur, aut quòd <lb></lb>infinitum non poſsit moueri, quod oſtenſum eſt 3. Phyſ. nanque hic merita corporis ſimpliciter <lb></lb>expendimus, non ſenſilis, vt 3. Phy. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quatenus exiſtit in mobili, ſpectamus in quo exiſtit, <lb></lb>quod & vnum & infinitum eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>Hæc modo è tantis tenebris, verum educere potuerimus, <lb></lb>aut paullò plura contra Xenophanem dixit Ariſt. </s> <s>Vnus Zeno reſtat. </s> <s>nanque contra Parmenidem <pb pagenum="110"></pb>quæ attulerit idem philoſophus, vulgò nota ſunt: & ſi quid eſt, quod de ipſo priuatum dici queat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg921"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad illa referetur quæ ad eius defenſionem poſteà dicentur. </s> <s>Zeno igitur, vt antea ſignificauimus <lb></lb>duplici rationum genere vſus eſt, altero <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non naturali ſimpliciter, atque altero non naturali <lb></lb>quoddam ex parte; primum diſputandi genus expoſuit Ariſt. </s> <s>in eo libro quo <expan abbr="Xenophanẽ">Xenophanem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>& vnà Gorgiam confutat; alterum tractat in phyſicis. </s> <s>Nos hî primùm diſputationis genus attin<lb></lb>gemus, in quod more dialectico inuehemur, vt item fecit præceptor, dum primo de Natura, & in <lb></lb>libro de placitis contra principia naturæ tollentes inuectus eſt. </s> <s>Sed prius illius argumenta recite<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Ille <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> principio ſumpto, nimirum, nihil ex nihilo fieri poſſe ſic ducit <expan abbr="argumẽtam">argumentam</expan>. </s> <s>Id quod <lb></lb>fit, aut fit ex ſimilibus aut ex diſsimilib. Atqui nihil horum fieri poteſt. </s> <s>Non ſanè ex familib. Nam <lb></lb>ſi ſimilia fuerint, nulla cauſſa eſt cur hoc magis genitum ſit quàm gignat. </s> <s>ſiquidem <expan abbr="ſimiliũ">ſimilium</expan> rerum <lb></lb>conditiones ſimiles eſſe ſoleant. </s> <s>Neque item ex diſsimilib. quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſsimile eſt, non eſt id quod <lb></lb>gigni oportet. </s> <s>Ergo non ens. </s> <s>At ex non ente nihil gigni poteſt. </s> <s>Si non gignitur & æternum ſit ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt, & cùm hoc æternum, vt ipſe vult, ſit Deus. </s> <s>Deus verò omnium optimus, & hoc <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> <lb></lb>erit omnium <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan>. </s> <s>& vnum igitur. </s> <s>Nam ſi duo pluresúe ſint, iam non <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> erit optimum & <lb></lb>pręſtantiſsimum, quae vel ſimiles forent, vel diſsimiles; ac ſi fuerint ſimiles, <expan abbr="pręſtantiſsimũ">pręſtantiſsimum</expan> & <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> <lb></lb>omnium eſſe nequeat, plures <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſent <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> pręſtantiſsimi, quod <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura non patitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi verò diſsimiles: ij qui cedunt, Dij futuri non ſint. </s> <s>Etenim ea eſt Dei conditio, vt ſuperet, non ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg922"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>peretur, quia igitur omnia ſuperat Deus (iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> talem <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> de Deo nos anticipauimus, & ea <lb></lb>poſſe quę velit) aut non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſuperabit, ſi plures Dij ſint, nec Deus igitur: aut ij qui ſuperantur, Dij <lb></lb>non erunt. </s> <s>Idem quoque quæ vult non poterit: quandò & alij Dij ſimiles idem aut <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> vo<lb></lb>lent & <expan abbr="poterũt">poterunt</expan>. </s> <s>Vnus igitur. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="vndiq́">vndique</expan>. </s> <s>ſui ſimilis omnibus ſenſibus. </s> <s>Itaque & globoſus. </s> <s>Iam ſi <lb></lb>æternus vnus, & globoſus; neque finitus, neque infinitus. </s> <s>Neque ſanè finitus eo quòd ad alterum <lb></lb>finiretur. </s> <s>ſic vno plura eſſent. </s> <s>Neque infinitus item; quòd infinitum ſit non ens. </s> <s>caret <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principio <lb></lb>medio ac fine, quocirca negatione exprimitur. </s> <s>quòd verò eſt <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, non ens eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> igitur infinitus <lb></lb>Deus. </s> <s>Idem quoque neque mobilis, neque immobilis. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> vbi motus, ibi plura. </s> <s>At hoc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>immobile verò ob <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> cauſſam ob <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> non eſſe diximus, neque <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>& cùm <lb></lb>quieſcere ſit, vel non moueri, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens igitur, vel <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> etiam id quieſcere dicatur quod poteſt <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> <lb></lb>moueri; Deus <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> non mouetur. </s> <s>Itaque nec quieſcit Deus. </s> <s>Vt igitur in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> Dei attributa col<lb></lb>ligamus. </s> <s>Hoc quod eſt <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> poſuit Zeno. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ſimile, globoſum, nec <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>, neque <lb></lb><expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, neque <expan abbr="quieſcẽs">quieſcens</expan>, nec immobile. </s> <s>Hæc Zeno profitetur, quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nullam <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> <expan abbr="adiunctã">adiunctam</expan> <lb></lb>habere demonſtret Ariſt. </s> <s>& ſigillatim ſingula percurrat. </s> <s>Sed vt ingenuè fatear, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſic perturbata <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg923"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, vt <expan abbr="reſponſionũ">reſponſionum</expan> vis difficilè colligatur. </s> <s>conabimur ergo, quoad fieri poterit, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> maximè ſen<lb></lb>ſa Ariſt. </s> <s>exprimere, ac ſi non ſuccedat accedere ad id <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> maximè, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> hoc experiri, vt <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> <expan abbr="argu-mentorũ">argu<lb></lb>mentorum</expan> vitia quoquopacto detegantur. </s> <s>In prima igitur conſecutione, fallacia <expan abbr="cõſequentis">conſequentis</expan> ineſt: <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diuiſio debeat <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequentis">conſequentis</expan> <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan>, primùm fallit accipiens <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod fit, fieri <lb></lb>aut ex ſimili, aut ex diſsimili. </s> <s>Nam fit id quod fit ex non ente, de quo nec ſimile, neque diſsimile <lb></lb>prædicantur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi ex nihilo nihil fiat. </s> <s>Sed eſto, ſit Deus ingenitus, nunquid ex hoc vnus? </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>vetat, quominus plura conſimili <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſint ingenita? </s> <s>An'ne ex eo, quae eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> præſtantiſsimus? </s> <s>mi<lb></lb>nimè profectò. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="pręſtantiſsimũ">pręſtantiſsimum</expan>, & id quod <expan abbr="Grãmatici">Grammatici</expan> <expan abbr="ſuperlatiuũ">ſuperlatiuum</expan> <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>, <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> ſumi poſsit, <lb></lb>vel ad aliud, vel ſimpliciter, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neque <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, neque <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> certe eſſe oportet, id quod <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg924"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi ita dicatur ad alia. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> erit, ſi ad alia dicatur; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> illa quibus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> confertur, eſſe <lb></lb>poſsint infima, quę <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> id ſuperet quod <expan abbr="pręſtantiſsimũ">pręſtantiſsimum</expan> dicitur; non idcirco ſit præſtans, ne <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="pręſtantiſsimũ">pręſtantiſsimum</expan>: cur non <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſic plura erunt affecta conſimiliter? </s> <s>Quòd ſi ita dicitur, quia talis ſit <lb></lb>eius natura, quod .ſ. </s> <s>optimè ſe habeat: quid prohibet, quin multa quoque ſint <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, vt hæc char<lb></lb>ta, ſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alijs conferatur, quæ ruri ſunt, albiſsima dicetur, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> cæteræ ſint minus albæ, nihilominus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg925"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adhuc albior fieri poterit, & multæ hac ipſa ſunt albiores? </s> <s>verum ſi albiſsimum ſit id quod omne <lb></lb>punctum tulit albedinis, cur non erunt alia conſimilia, & ſic plura? </s> <s>Neque illud neceſsarium. </s> <s>Si <lb></lb>vnus fuerit, vt <expan abbr="vndiq́">vndique</expan>. </s> <s>ſenſus habeat, & ſui ſimilis ſit: quandò etiam, vt totum ſentiat, ſufficiat, ſi <lb></lb>vna ex parte videat, quemadmodum animal oculis cernens & auribus <expan abbr="audiẽs">audiens</expan> totum ſentit. </s> <s>Tùm <lb></lb>etiam cur neceſſarium putat id quod ſui ſimile <expan abbr="vndiq́">vndique</expan>. </s> <s>eſt, eſſe globoſum? </s> <s>non'ne ceruſſa vndique <lb></lb>alba eſt, neque tamen globoſa? </s> <s>Quid etiam refert, vt ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quòd ſit globoſum? </s> <s>quaſi verò <lb></lb>omnis cauſſa debeat eſſe globoſa; <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtituat">conſtituat</expan> globus. </s> <s>Porrò ſi <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ponitur Deus à <lb></lb>Zenone, aut terminos habet, aut caret terminis. </s> <s>Itaque neceſſariò finitum, aut infinitum eſt, ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>finitum & <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> definiuntur quòd ſit <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> vel terminos habeat, vel ijs careat. </s> <s>At glo<lb></lb>boſum terminos habet, vt <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> & <expan abbr="circunferentiã">circunferentiam</expan>, ergo <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>. </s> <s>Neque illud <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, quae ad aliud <lb></lb>finiatur: in ſeipſo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminos habere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Neque termini <expan abbr="fundãtur">fundantur</expan> externo & eo quo illud cuius <lb></lb>ſunt, <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>, ſed eo cuius ipſi ſunt. </s> <s>Quòd verò non ſit immobile, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> quieſcat; hoc ſuperat <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="tarditatẽ">tarditatem</expan>. </s> <s>quippe quae ex <expan abbr="analyticorũ">analyticorum</expan> ignorantia diſtinguere neſciant <expan abbr="negantẽ">negantem</expan> à priuante, & infinita; <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> calleant negantis <expan abbr="vsũ">vsum</expan> quę <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de verè non ente, <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> de ente neceſſariò <expan abbr="prædicet̃">prædicetur</expan>, <pb pagenum="111"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg926"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etenim affirmatione ſignificatur. </s> <s>Nam, quod inquiunt <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> dici tam de eo quod eſt, quàm de <lb></lb>eo quod non eſt, non pertinet ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> enunciationis quod negatione exprimitur, ſed ad illud <lb></lb>quod ab ipſo ſignificatur, & vt dici conſueuit, pro quo ſupponit: tollit enim <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> album <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>non hominem de quo prædicatur. </s> <s>& id eſſe aliquid poteſt. </s> <s>Reliqua, quòd globoſum & <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit, <lb></lb>atque idem non mobile communiter contra reliquos eiuſdem ſectæ philoſophos anteà peracta <lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Rationes illas extremas Parmenidis à <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> auctoribus Græcis fuiſſe defenſas ſignificat <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, ſiquidem ijs implicati manus dederint, & verè concludi conceſſerint. </s> <s>Itaque Plato <lb></lb>quod erat præter ens non ens, ideſt, nihil eſſe dicebat, & poſterior illa ratio, quæ è <foreign lang="grc">δικοτομιας</foreign> af<lb></lb>fertur; reſoluatur in quaſdam magnitudines inſectiles à Platone, Xenocrate, & Zenone, vnde <lb></lb>efficiatur & ipſum totum in infinitum ſecari poſſe bifariam, & nihilominus vnum remanere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quocirca philoſophus eleuat hunc conatum monſtrans etiam ſi detur Parmenidi præter ens eſſe <lb></lb>non ens, & contradicentia ſimul conſiſtere non poſſe; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcirco effici, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens ſit nihil; quandò <lb></lb>poteſt eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens quodammodo quod eſt aliquid. </s> <s>Rurſus oſtendit neque illud ſequi. </s> <s>Si nihil eſt <lb></lb>præter ens, omnia fore vnum: nanque ipſi vnum ponunt <foreign lang="grc">αὐτὸ τὸ ὄν</foreign>, ideſt, ens ipſum; id verò <lb></lb>valet idem ac <foreign lang="grc">ὅπερ ὄν</foreign>, ideſt, verè vnum, alia multa ſunt, quę non ſunt ſimpliciter & verè vna, ſed <lb></lb>quodammodo. </s> <s>Proinde multa ſunt ea quę ſunt. </s> <s>Verùm quia locus ille ſalebroſus eſt, nec (vt mea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg927"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fert opinio) conuenienter tralatus ab interpretibus non grauabor hic item aliquam lucem illi af<lb></lb>ferre. </s> <s>Gręca verba ſunt huiuſmodi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">Aλλὰ τὸ οπερ ὄν τι ἒστω μηδενὶ συμβεβηκὸς, καὶ καθ' οὓ ἄμφω <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg928"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>καὶ ἑκάτερον, καὶ τὸ ἐκ τούτου λεγέθω. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἐξ ἀδιαρέτων ἄρα τὸ πᾶν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">*Eνιοι δὲ ἐνέδοσαν τοῖς λό<lb></lb>γοις ἀμφοτέροις τῷ μὲν ὅτι πάντα ἓν, εἰ τὸ ὂν ἕν σημαίνει, ὅτι ἐστὶ τὸ μὴ ὂν, τῷ δὲ ἐκ τῆς διχο<lb></lb>τομίας ἄρμα ποιήσαντες τὰ μεγέθη. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">φηνερὸν δὲ, καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἀμηθὲς, ὡς εἰ ἓν σημαίνει τὸ ὄν, καὶ <lb></lb>μὴ οἷόν τε ἃμα τὴν ἀντιφασὶν εἶναι, οὐκ ἔσται οὐδὲν μὴ ὂν, οὐδὲν γὰρ κωλύει μὴ ἁπλῶς, ἁμὰ μὴ ὅν τε <lb></lb>εἶναι τὸ μὴ ὂν</foreign>. </s> <s>“ Sed quod verè eſt, eſto accidens nulli, & de quo ambo”, ideſt, [ſeparatim genus & <lb></lb>differentia,] & quod ex his [quę eſt definitio quæ ex genere & differentia <expan abbr="cõflatur">conflatur</expan>. </s> <s>careant enim <lb></lb>magnitudine; aliter enim erunt plura non vnum.] ergo omne quod eſt, erit ex indiuiduis. </s> <s>Hoc <lb></lb>planè ſequitur ex anteà conſtitutis, quia ſcilicet vnum erit ſimpliciter, & vt verè ens, atque ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia: infertur autem à Gręcis, vt communiter item à Parmenide concluſum. </s> <s>Proinde ſequitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>“Quidam verò manus dederunt vtrique rationi, huic quidem, quòd omnia vnum”, ſi ens vnum ſi<lb></lb>gnificat, quòd erit non ens, [ideſt nihil] ei verò quę colligitur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ex ſectione in duas partes, <lb></lb>ſtatuentes indiuiduas magnitudines; proptereà ſic vertimus <expan abbr="vtẽtes">vtentes</expan> diſiunctione <foreign lang="grc">τῷ δὲ</foreign>, huic <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg929"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>[illi ſcilicet quam ſuperius attulit ipſe Ariſt.] <foreign lang="grc">ἐκ διχομίᾳ</foreign>, ideſt, ex ſectione in duas partes indiui<lb></lb>duas facientes magnitudines, quaſi dicant etiam ſi ſit ex indiuiduis; & quantum eſſe poterit, & ni<lb></lb>hilominus vnum. </s> <s>Planum igitur quòd neque verum, quòd ſi vnum ſignificat ens & contradicen<lb></lb>tia ſimul conſiſtere nequeunt [quę vtraque ponuntur à Parmenide] non erit nihil non ens. [ſed <lb></lb>aliquid nihilominus.] “Nihil enim prohibet non ens non eſſe ſimpliciter non ens. [ideſt nihil] <lb></lb>ſed poterit aliquid eſſe.” Hæc ſanè profeſſus eſt Plato. </s> <s>Quanquam ipſe fortè ænigmaticè rerum <lb></lb>eſſentias indicauit, cùm quibus impartibilis vnitas iuncta foret, & more conſuero, vt liber ille ad<lb></lb>monet, cui Timęo titulus eſt in quo multa myſteria velauit notionibus mathematicis, etiam ma<lb></lb>gnitudinibus hiſce indiuiduis eſſentiarum vires occultauit. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſic de cæteris audeo dicere. </s> <s>Nunc <lb></lb>facilè apparet, quàm irritus & inanis ſit <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> conatus qui veterum ſententias dirigere voluerunt: <lb></lb>faciunt enim hęc corpora quæ ponunt, vnum. </s> <s>Neque eſt, quòd quiſpiam acerbi animi vitio notet <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem, quòd illos impudenter inſimulet. </s> <s>Nam ſimul etiam <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Hippocratẽ">Hippocratem</expan>, <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan>, <expan abbr="Galenũ">Galenum</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg930"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& M. Tullium ad quorum manus veterum ſcripta peruenere, eiuſdem criminis accuſabit. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>eſt, quòd quiſquam obiiciat eos è numero phyſicorum fuiſſe ex punctos, aut quòd <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> fateatur <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>eos de <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura non fuiſſe locutos, ſed de alia ſubſtantia; quapropter arbitremur <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg931"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verba aliud ſonare, ac vulgò exiſtimetur. </s> <s>Nam de ſubſtantia ſenſili disserunt: ſed enim illi tales <lb></lb>proprietates attribuunt, quæ alij ſubſtantiæ, ac ſenſili <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan>, nihilominus illis ignotę, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <lb></lb>nullam aliam ipſi ſubſtantiam nouerint ſupra ſenſilem. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> Parmenides ipſe Deum vocat, <lb></lb>non eſt illa ſubſtantia quæ ab omni materiæ concretione libera ſit, ſed <expan abbr="cõtinens">continens</expan> ardore lucis orbis <lb></lb>qui cingit cęlum, Stephanen appellat. </s> <s>planè verum illud eſt, ipſum in eo differre à Meliſſo, quòd <lb></lb>ille vnum accipit, quod pertinet ad materiam; ipſe verò vnum ſpectat, quòd eſt formę: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam <expan abbr="ſeparatã">ſeparatam</expan> non attigit. </s> <s>id effecit, vt cùm exquireret principia rerum ſenſilium, illis attribueret, <lb></lb>quod eſt ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, ſed ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="ſeparatã">ſeparatam</expan> ignorauit, verùm vt ſcientiæ munera tue<lb></lb>rentur, inter ſubſtantias ſenſiles poſuere nonnullas, vnde ſcientiæ leges ad ipſam permanarent: <lb></lb>attamen illæ conditiones rei ſenſili <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inhærent; ſed ei, quæ cadit in mentem, & eſt ſupra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>cuiuſmodi ipſi non cognouerunt. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> primus Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> ſupra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quanuis fal<lb></lb>ſis hypotheſibus vſus fuerit, nobis indicauit. </s> <s>Neque id <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan>: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ex falſis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nil prohibeat colligi <lb></lb>verum. </s> <s>Quod verò plerique faciunt, vt veritate iam ab Ariſt. </s> <s>patefacta, velint <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> ſententias <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>concordare; iam hoc eſt <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> ludere. </s> <s>velim <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eos hîc ſuo marte, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>auxilio fretos, ex <pb pagenum="112"></pb>antiquorum ſententiis veros ſenſus exprimere. </s> <s>Aperuit ergo veritatem Ariſtoteles; vſque adeò, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg932"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt non defuerint, qui illi exprobarint, quòd philoſophiam proſtituerit. </s> <s>Sed quàm magna Deo <lb></lb>gratia ſit habenda, ſi multi fuerint qui ſic philoſophiam <expan abbr="veritatemq́">veritatemque</expan>. </s> <s>proſtituant. </s> <s>Hæc ſunt quæ <lb></lb>patitur noſtra methodus hoc loco poſſe dici contra veteres. </s> <s>Nam quæ de lineis in ſectilibus op<lb></lb>poſuit Parmenides, quod item à natura motus accepit Zeno, ſuis locis exponentur. </s> <s>Noſſe hîc <lb></lb>enim naturam motus & magnitudinis oportebit; nec niſi phyſicè mathematiceúe <expan abbr="cõfici">confici</expan> poſſunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg907"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg908"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T: 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg909"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg910"></margin.target>b 2. Prior. <lb></lb>c. </s> <s>de inſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg911"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg912"></margin.target>c 1. Met. <lb></lb>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg913"></margin.target>d 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 72.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg914"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg915"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg916"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg917"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 33.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg918"></margin.target>c Parm.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg919"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg920"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg921"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg922"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg923"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg924"></margin.target>a 3. de cęlo</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg925"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg926"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg927"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg928"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 33.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg929"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg930"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>nat. </s> <s>hum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sophiſta 1. <lb></lb>de ele. </s> <s>lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de nat. </s> <s>D.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg931"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg932"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Pauca quędam disseruntur cum ijs qui vnum principium, atque illud quidem mobile eſſe cenſent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX ijs qui vnum fecere principium rerum naturalium, quidam ipſum infinitum eſſe volue<lb></lb>runt, alij contrà finitum. </s> <s>Atque illi quidem infinito generatim vſi ſunt qui mundum perpe<lb></lb>tuum eſſe exiſtimabant quo rerum generatio ſuppeteret in infinitum. </s> <s>Heraclitus verò qui mun<lb></lb>dum totum quandoque conflagraturum cenſuit, finitum quoque principium poſuit. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>quod eſt mobile, aut ex elementorum numero ſumptum eſt, aut aliud quoddam medium inter <lb></lb>elementa, vel aërem & ignim, vel aërem & aquam, à quibus ita differret, quòd vno <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> rarius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg933"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſet, altero autem denſius. </s> <s>ex <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> numero terra, idque optimo iure neglecta à phyſicis; <lb></lb>nanque ipſa <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> minimè eſt idonea mutari, quod maximè requiri debet in eo principio quod <lb></lb>ſubiectum rerum naturalium ponere conſtituimus: neque enim res naturales ſine mutatione <expan abbr="cõ-ſiſtunt">con<lb></lb>ſiſtunt</expan>. </s> <s>Quòd ſi legimus apud Heſiodum (idem quoque profeſſum aiunt Pherecyden Aſſyrium) <lb></lb>terram fuiſſe receptam; audiat illos in phyſicis non reponi, ſed Theologis, aut eos non fuiſſe de <lb></lb>natura locutos, vt reliqui. </s> <s>cęteri, ſi qui ſunt qui eam receperint, non recepere ſolam. </s> <s>Aquam po<lb></lb>ſuit Thales vnus è ſeptem vocatis ſapientibus. </s> <s>Ideò dia mater dicitur Tethys, quemadmodum <lb></lb>ante illum teſtatus eſt Homerus, inquiens, <foreign lang="grc">Ὠκεανόντε θεῶν γένεσιν καὶ μητέρα τηθε</foreign>, vel quòd <lb></lb>vſui maxime foret. </s> <s>Itaque cecinit Pindarus <foreign lang="grc">Ἄριστον μὲν ὕδωρ</foreign>, ideſt, optimam eſſe aquam, vel <lb></lb>quòd nihil eſſet quod non ex aqua conſtaret. </s> <s>proinde veteres vocaſſe mortuos <foreign lang="grc">ἀλιβαντας</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg934"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omni humore exhauſti eſſent. </s> <s>quin neque ignem ſine humore <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan>, <expan abbr="vetusq́">vetusque</expan>. </s> <s>fama eſt à Theo<lb></lb>logis & Poëtis approbata Oceanum & Thetyn generationis eſſe parentes. </s> <s>ac ſiquis notationem <lb></lb>vocis huiuſce Chaos exquirere velit, facilè inueniet aquam illa ſignificari, quaſi ducta ſit à voce <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">Χύσις</foreign> quę ſonat effuſionem. </s> <s>In horum quoque <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> venit Hippon, & ne ſingulos <expan abbr="enumerẽ">enumerem</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg935"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſex reliquos ei conſenſiſſe primos ferunt. </s> <s>Aërem profeſsi ſunt Anaximenes, & Diogenes Apollo<lb></lb>niates. </s> <s>tametſi teſtatur alicubi Simplicius <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ipſum poſuiſſe medium inter aërem & ignem, vt opi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg936"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nor, quia perflabilis eſſet, & omne genus affectionis ocyſsimè admitteret, & amitteret, & facilli<lb></lb>mè diuideretur ac finiretur. </s> <s>Niſi fortè, quod dicit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> afferat huius cauſſæ <expan abbr="ſuſpicionẽ">ſuſpicionem</expan>, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg937"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd cùm aër aqua vetuſtior eſſe reputetur, id ſignificetur, ex aëre aquam fieri, contrà non item <lb></lb>ea ſcilicet ratione quòd vbi appareat aër, <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> gigni manifeſtè noſcatur. </s> <s>itaque ex ipſo generari: <lb></lb>at quemadmodum ex aqua fiat aër, hoc ſenſu non comprehendi. </s> <s>Quocirca iudicetur aquam ex <lb></lb>aëre naſci, non autem aërem ex aqua. </s> <s>proinde principium aër habeatur. </s> <s>Ignem, ſed omnium peſ<lb></lb>ſimè, ſtatuunt principium rerum Heraclitus & Hippaſus: niſi quòd finitum eſſe volunt infinitum <lb></lb>declinante natura. </s> <s>Nam ſiue talis corporis conditionem reſpicias, ſiue cauſſas explores: nihil mi<lb></lb>nore iudicio dici potuit: etenim corpus illud cum inſignes habeat vires, admodum mutationi re<lb></lb>nititur & vires quibus eſt præditum, tantum abeſt, vt illi conueniant, quod principium <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe volumus, vt potius ad cauſſam efficientem pertineant. </s> <s>quia ſcilicet per omnia permeet, om<lb></lb>nia gignat, alat, moderetur. </s> <s>Ille omnium optimè, qui medium, vel inter aërem <expan abbr="ignemq́">ignemque</expan>. </s> <s>locauit, <lb></lb>vel inter aërem & aquam, quòd tale corpus nullis qualitatibus <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> eſt; itaque cunctas admit<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg938"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tere poteſt: nullam enim talis corporis qualitatem indicat ſenſus. </s> <s>Omne verò quod aliquid ac<lb></lb>cepturum eſt, eo careat oportet. </s> <s>Sed quis hæc profeſſus ſit haud perſpicuum eſt. </s> <s>Nanque Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>interpretes aſſerunt Anaximandrum: ex Ariſtotele ipſo nihil accepimus, quod valeat ad perſua<lb></lb>dendum hanc fuiſſe eius viri ſententiam. </s> <s>Imò bis apud Ariſtotelem <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> obſeruo, longè aliam ſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg939"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tentiam illi fuiſſe tributam; nunc quòd cum Thalete conueniat qui poſuit aquam; aliàs quòd ac<lb></lb>ceperit aërem: tametſi in hoc poſteriore commiſſus eſt error, cùm eius loco reponendus ſit Ana<lb></lb>ximenes: alibi atque idem bis video teſtatum reliquiſſe Ariſtotelem ipſum vnum ſimul & mul<lb></lb>ta feciſſe, quòd in vnum contraria coëgerit, & ea ex vno ſecerni, & in vnum conuenire volue<lb></lb>rit, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non ſecus àc ex vniuerſitate rerum Anaxagoras, & è ſphæro Empedocles. </s> <s><expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> ſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg940"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tentiam Anaximeni tributam fuiſſe lego apud Simplicium <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auctoritate Nicolai Damaſce<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg941"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ni commotum. </s> <s>quanquam idem Simplicius alibi auctorem illius ſententiæ fecerit Anaxi<lb></lb>mandrum, <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi tale medium poſuiſſe fatetur ingenitum & immortale, & vt vnico ver<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg942"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bo exprimam infinitum. </s> <s>ſiquidem infinitum omnes excepto Heraclito illud vnum eſſe cen<lb></lb>ſeant. </s> <s>omnes autem & Heraclitus item ex eo cuncta fieri denſi rariúe interuentu arbitrentur. <pb pagenum="113"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg943"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>vniuerſi conſentiant vnum eſſe principium tanquam materiam, nec alia principiorum ge<lb></lb>nera ponant non modo finem cuius nullam rationem habent, aut etiam efficiens, de quo admo<lb></lb>dum pauci meminere, verumetiam de forma. </s> <s>nihil agant, vnum omnia ponebant <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Heraclitus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg944"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& Hippon ex quo item facilè credi poſsit ipſos cùm omnem finem <expan abbr="efficiensq́">efficiensque</expan>. </s> <s>de medio ſuſtuliſ<lb></lb>ſent; Deos etiam funditus tollere. </s> <s>Nam Deus & primus omnium finis & primum efficiens eſſe <lb></lb>perhibetur. </s> <s>Itaque Hippon <foreign lang="grc">ἄθεος</foreign>, ideſt ſine Deo & impius appellatus eſt. </s> <s>Si igitur præter <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>ſubiectum reliqua principia ſuſtulerunt, planum eſt, quòd voluerunt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ipſam ſuoptè nutu <lb></lb>variis motibus concitari & varios exitus habere. </s> <s>Atque hæc de natura principij vnius quod mo<lb></lb>bile eſſet, accepimus à veteribus. </s> <s>Nunc contra ipſos aliqua dicamus. </s> <s>Profectò cùm hoc vnum ſit <lb></lb>principium quod accipit in ſeipſo contraria, vicem materiæ ſubit; ea verò per ſeipſam non mu<lb></lb>tatur ex vno contrario in alterum, ſed prætereà deſideratur efficiens quod ipſam immutet, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>omnis motus ſit finis cuiuſpiam gratia, & ad certam formam perducatur qua adepta ceſſat, prę<lb></lb>ter materiam in ijs quę mutantur, alia principia requirantur oportet, efficiens nimirum, forma & <lb></lb>finis. </s> <s>Rurſus hoc vnum aut elementum eſt, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>, ſed aliquid aut poſterius, aut prius elemento. <lb></lb></s> <s>nec quid poſterius eſſe poteſt: nihil enim magis naturam principij tollit quàm eſſe poſterius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nanque illa principiorum ratio ponitur quòd non fiant ex alio tanquam eo quod inſit, ſed alia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg945"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex ipſo. </s> <s>Præterquam quòd & huiuſmodi principia ex quibus alia fiant, ipſa verò fiant ex nullo <lb></lb>vt eo quod inſit, non vnum eſſe tantummodo apparet, ſed plura, atque adeò ſaltem tria. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>item elemento prius eſſe poteſt, atque illud vnum in genere principiorum, quòd illo in omni mu<lb></lb>tatione permanente, & viciſsim accipiente formas, affectio ſolum exiſteret, & mutatio <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>, <lb></lb>nulla ſubſtantiæ; ſic enim aliud principium vltra illud, quod ſubiectum faciunt ponere conueni<lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>Non etiam elementum eſſe valet, quanuis <expan abbr="pleriq́">plerique</expan>. </s> <s>vnum quoddam ex ijs quę elementa dicun<lb></lb>tur, accipiant: quòd liquidò conſtet hæc mutari viciſsim & oriri & interire, id verò maiorem in <lb></lb>modum principiorum conditioni repugnat. </s> <s>Sed illi maximè naturæ proceſsibus aduerſantur qui <lb></lb>præter id quòd vnum ſtatuunt, etiam infinitum eſſe volunt. </s> <s>Neque illud nos perſuadeat, quòd <lb></lb>infinitum poni debeat, vt rerum generatio ſit perpetua: nam poſteà videbimus etiam ſi finitum <lb></lb>ſit id quod eſt, poſito ſubiecto atque efficiente perpetuò rerum formarum in infinitum ſibi poſſe <lb></lb>ſuccedere. </s> <s>Quod verò Thales alijúe afferre potuerunt ad ſuam ſententiam corroborandam, vt<lb></lb>puta à communione, & crebro vſu cuiuſpiam elementi, nihil eſt. </s> <s>Nanque & omnia ſimul ad vni<lb></lb>uerſi perfectionem, & ad mixtorum conſtitutionem pariter neceſſaria ſunt, & ſi licet audire <expan abbr="nõ-">non<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg946"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nullos mathematicos, omnium elementorum aqua minimum eſſe apparet. </s> <s>Tùm etiam ſi princi<lb></lb>pium eſt vbique præſtò ſit oportet. </s> <s>Atqui multa corpora ſunt quæ ſine humore conſtant, vt ignis <lb></lb>& terra. </s> <s><expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis id admirabile cenſendum eſt quo cęlum cuius ſupra omnem exiſtima<lb></lb>tionem multò maior eſt portio, quàm reliquorum elementorum, ignis eſſe perhibetur quo ſanè <lb></lb>nihil cogitari poteſt, quod magis aquæ repugnet. </s> <s>Neque ſufficit (vt aliquid dicamus ad ea quæ <lb></lb>obiiciunt ij qui aërem ſtatuunt eſſe principium) quòd aër facillimè ſubeat omne genus mutatio<lb></lb>nis; aliud enim requiritur ad id, vt principium conſtituatur. </s> <s>nempe vt maneat, neque diſſoluatur <lb></lb>in aliud; id verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conuenit aëri, quandò non minus ex aëre aqua, quàm aër ex aqua naſcatur, <lb></lb>licet id ſenſus viſus aſſequi non poſsit: at verò ita eſſe ratio dictat, neque ſenſus, ſi minus aſſequa<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>idcircò reclamat. </s> <s>Vt verò ignis principium eſſe nequeat & quàm ineptè cenſeatur eſſe princi<lb></lb>pium ſatis antè oſtendimus. </s> <s>Medium illud neque monſtrat ſenſus, neque ratio requirit. </s> <s>ergo di<lb></lb>mittatur alacriter, ſi phyſici eſſe volumus. </s> <s>Neque enim methodus accipit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſaria, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>minus illa quæ nullo pacto neque per ſe, neque per accidens ad ſenſum referuntur. </s> <s>Itaque pro<lb></lb>peremus ad aliàs veterum ſententias explorandas.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg947"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg933"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg934"></margin.target>a Plut. lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>an aqua an <lb></lb>ignis vti<lb></lb>lior.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg935"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg936"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 6. & 54.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg937"></margin.target>c 1. Met. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg938"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg939"></margin.target>d Lib. de <lb></lb>plac.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg940"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ, <lb></lb>T. 42. <lb></lb><lb></lb>12. Met. <lb></lb>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg941"></margin.target>f 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg942"></margin.target>g 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg943"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg944"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg945"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg946"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg947"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In eos qui infinita poſuere principia. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NON parua philoſophorum pars, & eorum qui in tractandis reliquis rebus phyſicis ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele præponuntur; Anaxagoras, ſcilicet, & Democritus; ad hos etiam libet adiunge<lb></lb>re Anaximandrum; infinita rerum eſſe principia cenſuerunt. </s> <s>Atque Anaxagoras <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> & Ana<lb></lb>ximander ſic infinita poſuerunt, vt tamen vnum <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> ex iis omnibus infinitis exiſteret, quod <lb></lb>eſſet continuum; id verò cum ex innumerabilibus rerum principiis eſſet conſtitutum, infinitum <lb></lb>quoque ab illis habitum fuiſſe oportet. </s> <s>Democritus innumera illa principia diſcreta ſtatuit, ſiqui<lb></lb>dem indiuidua. </s> <s>Sed Anaxagoras eas partes vniformes eſſe dicebat quæ vnà in toto illo & in qua<lb></lb>que parte ſenſili concretæ forent. </s> <s>ſiquid de Anaximandro licet augurari (nihil enim certi de il<lb></lb>lius ſententia ſcriptum habemus aut apud Laërtium Diogenem, aut alios Ariſtotelis interpretes) <lb></lb>vel quòd ab æterno ſegregatio conſtiterit, cùm cęteroquin Anaxagoras mentem quandam com<lb></lb>mentus fuerit, non ab æterno <expan abbr="ſegregantẽ">ſegregantem</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed ab aliquo principio digerentem, & quæ in <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg948"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adducere cœperit, vel etiam quòd ipſas rerum partes quæ ex vno illo ſecernerentur per ſe conſi <pb pagenum="114"></pb>ſtentes, & à cęteris iam ſegregatas in illo ineſſe poſuerit. </s> <s>vtrunque mihi fit veriſimile; cur non <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg949"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia mouentem cauſſam non adiecerit? </s> <s>ſi minus, nil eius opinio ab Anaxagora <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> opinione diſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg950"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret, quantum monſtrant ea quę diligentes expoſitores de illius dictis in medio ponunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> me <lb></lb>perſuadet, vt ita credam quod ijs potiſsimum nominibus agitatur Anaxagoras, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quaſi ſint hæc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg951"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illius propria & peculiaria, cùm cætera notentur communiter ſibi cum aliis, qui infinita poſuere <lb></lb>principia. </s> <s>vnde etiam maſſa, ſiue congeries illa <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ ex infinitis principiis conſtat, tàm apud <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg952"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Anaxagoram, quàm apud Democritum nomine <foreign lang="grc">πανσπερμίας</foreign> inſignita ſit, quæ ſpeciatim apud <lb></lb>Anaxagoram <foreign lang="grc">ὁμοι μερείας</foreign> nomine ſignificatur, quæ ſanè vox ob Latini nominis egeſtatem, La<lb></lb>tinè exprimi non potuit. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur maſſam illam ex omnibus contrariorum partibus <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan>; <lb></lb>partes autem vniformes eſſe voluit, vt carnes, oſſa, aurum, æs; neque minus in illa exiſtere <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tias">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tias</expan> quàm colores, ſapores, & cætera id genus. </s> <s>ita verò vniformes eas partes eſſe cenſuit, vt <lb></lb>ſimul eſſent confuſæ, neque vna ſic ab aliis ſeparata foret, quin alias partes vniformes, atque illas <lb></lb>infinitas in ſeipſa contineret. </s> <s>ſed latere eas quę continerentur ob paruitatem, os verò aut carnem <lb></lb>vnumquodque appellati, non ſanè quin & aliæ conſimiles partes <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>; infinitæ in ipſa exiſte<lb></lb>rent, ſed ab ea parte quæ dominaretur, & vt Lucretij verbis vtar.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg948"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg949"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg950"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg951"></margin.target>b 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg952"></margin.target>c 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 27. <lb></lb><lb></lb>3. de cęlo <lb></lb>T. 27.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Apparere vnum cuius ſint plurima mixta<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et magis in promptu <expan abbr="primaq́ue">primaque</expan> in fronte locata<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg953"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg953"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Has igitur particulas quæ in vniuerſa maſſa in aliis immixtæ latitarent, inde ſecerni, & in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>componi à mente quæ rerum omnium deſcriptionem <expan abbr="modumq́">modumque</expan>. </s> <s>deſignaret & <expan abbr="cõficeret">conficeret</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>mens illa, vt dominari poſſet, immixta erat. </s> <s>Atque item vnum & infinita <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> erant principia quæ <arrow.to.target n="marg954"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locum materiæ ſibi vendicarent: proinde hoc nomine prælatus eſt nonnunquam ijs qui me<lb></lb>dium voluerunt eſſe principium; præter illa vnum mouens quod ab ijs qui vnum principium <lb></lb>mobile poſuiſſent, omiſſum fuerat. </s> <s>Cæterùm & materia ſola etiam ab Anaxagora poſita, quòd <lb></lb>nunquam efficiente cauſſa vteretur in reddenda ratione problematum naturalium, aut rarò ad<lb></lb>modum, vt poëtæ Tragici machina, ſiquando nodum fabulæ neſciant explicare. </s> <s>Duobus verò <lb></lb>principiis commotus iuit in eam ſententiam Anaxagoras. </s> <s>vno illo valde trito. </s> <s>Nihil ſcilicet ex <lb></lb>nihilo fieri, atque altero. </s> <s>Quodlibet ex quolibet gigni. </s> <s>Si nihil eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poteſt ex quo fiant ea quę <lb></lb>fiunt: erant igitur antè. </s> <s>Si ex quolibet quodque fit; ergo & in quolibet quodque ineſt. </s> <s>Hęc igitur <lb></lb>Anaxagorę ſententia cuius tria ſunt pręcipua capita quòd initium habuerit ſecretio: quòd quod<lb></lb>libet in quoque inſit. </s> <s>quòd ſecretio fiat opera mentis cuiuſdam immixtę. </s> <s>Venio nunc ad Demo<lb></lb>critum. </s> <s>Ac de ipſo quidem multa ſuccurrerent quæ dici poſſent, quòd plurimum ei tribuerit in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg955"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>phyſiologia Philoſophus. </s> <s>& quod eius ſententiæ à Lucretio primùm, deinde à M. Tullio fuerint <lb></lb>& illuſtratæ & elegantiſsimè explicatæ propter affinitatem quam Epicuri doctrina habuit cum <lb></lb>Democritica quam profeſſus eſt Lucretius, & M. Tullius probabiliter ſub Balbi perſona defen<lb></lb>dit, ſed ſumma rerum capita nunc paucis perſtringere certum eſt. </s> <s>Itaque duo ſunt apud ipſum <lb></lb>prima principia quæ tamen infinitè ſeparari poſsint, horum alterum plenum dicit, & in entibus <lb></lb>numerat; alterum inane quod non ens ipſe <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan>. </s> <s>Porrò plenum in infinitas partes ſecari vult <lb></lb>quæ ſanè ſint quantæ, non puncta, ſed indiuidua quidem nihilominus magnitudines quæ ob id <lb></lb>atomi vocentur. </s> <s>certis figuris, ſed innumeris pręditæ; has verò ferri per inane quod pateat in im<lb></lb>menſum, ita vt etiam modos innumerabiles qui ex infinitis iſtis magnitudinibus exiſtunt, com<lb></lb>plectatur. </s> <s>Atomi verò per ſeipſas ſunt impatibiles omni qualitate & affectione expertes, præter <lb></lb>molem, figuram, & pondus quo deorſum vergunt: nihil eſſe colores aut ſapores; ſed propter eo<lb></lb>rum mutationem quæ atomis attribuit, omnia variari: ſic vt ex varia mutatione contingat, vt <lb></lb>hoc mihi, aliud tibi eodem tempore videatur, mutationem verò à tribus occaſionibus originem <lb></lb>ducere quas Abdericè ſic expreſſas fuiſſe ſcimus <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ῥυσμὼν ἑροπήν διαθιγήν</foreign> communi Græcę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg956"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg957"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>linguæ vſu <foreign lang="grc">σχῆμα</foreign>, ideſt figuram <foreign lang="grc">θεσἰν</foreign>, ideſt poſituram, <foreign lang="grc">τάξιν</foreign>, ideſt, ordinem quibus diffe<lb></lb>rentiis atomi diſtinguerentur infinitis modis. </s> <s>Cæterùm ſic ſuoptè nutu atomos ferri per inane; <lb></lb>contingere autem, vt propter varietatem figuræ, ordinem, & poſituram ipſarum diuerſa gignan<lb></lb>tur, imo gigni videantur; & ex variatione figuræ variæ ſubſtantiarum ſpecies exiſtant; ſitus <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>& ordinis variatione ſpecies accidentis: & cùm duo ſint quæ inter ſenſilia nobis obſeruari poſ<lb></lb>ſint; ea quæ recta feruntur, & quod in orbem voluitur, & mundi partes elementa & cęlum, à na<lb></lb>tura ſeu mente quæ apud ipſum idem eſt, atque animus, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> effici ea quæ rectos motus habent; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg958"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mundos verò & cęlum fortuito <expan abbr="temereq́">temereque</expan>. </s> <s>agitari. </s> <s>Hæc aut non ab his diſsimilia Democritus au<lb></lb>ctore Ariſtotele profitetur, quæ nonnullis, neque id ſine cauſſa, moleſtiam in hac philoſophia vi<lb></lb>dentur attuliſſe. </s> <s>Nimirùm ſint'ne atomorum figuræ poſitæ à Democrito infinitæ. </s> <s>Tùm etiam <lb></lb>poſuerit'ne cauſſam aliquam efficientem. </s> <s>Atque hoc quidem dubitari potuit, cùm M. Tullius <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliiq́">aliique</expan>. </s> <s>graues auctores locu pletiſsimi teſtes ſint, eam fuiſſe Democriti ſententiam cuncta ex ato<lb></lb>mis effici nulla cogente natura, ſed quodam fortuito concurſu. </s> <s>& quod maius eſt, animum <expan abbr="cęlũq́">cęlunque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>eodem pacto conſtitutum eſſe putaſſe. </s> <s>Idem quoque fertur accipere maluiſſe neceſsitate omnia <pb pagenum="115"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg959"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fieri quàm ab ijs naturalis motus euellere: & omnia ſic fato produci, vt id fatum afferat vim ne<lb></lb>ceſsitati. </s> <s>quæ cùm ſuperioribus pugnare valdè videntur: tùm quia cauſſa alia præter naturam <lb></lb>ponitur; tùm etiam quòd neceſsitas <expan abbr="fatumq́">fatumque</expan>. </s> <s>recipitur quod vim fortunæ <expan abbr="caſusq́ue">caſusque</expan> demolitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Illud autem: quod è Democriti fontibus hauſta eſt Epicuri doctrina; ipſe verò Lucretio <expan abbr="cõpro-bante">compro<lb></lb>bante</expan> figuras certo numero claudi argumento illo confirmat, quod item generaliter ab Ariſtote<lb></lb>le <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> de oppoſitorum terminis ſcimus fuiſſe concluſum. </s> <s>Nimirum nullibi naturam generando <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg960"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& corrumpendo conſtituram, neque ad eandem redituram ſpeciem, ſed recta in infinitum pro<lb></lb>ceſſuram, <expan abbr="nouasq́">nouasque</expan>. </s> <s>ſemper rerum ſpecies molituram, quæ omnia ſanè ſenſus iudicio refragantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ego verò quanquam difficile arbitror veterum placita aſſequi coniectura, quòd eorum ſcriptis <lb></lb>defraudati ſumus, & ex ijs ſententiæ colligendæ qui variis inducti conſiliis, neque fortè fideliter <lb></lb>eas, ſed quod ſit in rem ſuam, ſolent in medio ponere, tamen aliquam lucem rebus Ariſtotelicis <lb></lb>afferre conabor: ad hoc autem niſi fallor, ea valebunt quæ mox ſubiiciemus. </s> <s>Etenim vt arbitror <lb></lb>naturam ab ipſo Democrito cauſſam omnium motuum exiſtimatam; ſic fatum vt etiam mon<lb></lb>ſtrabitur accipi ab Ariſtotele, non aliam cauſſam fuiſſe habitam quàm naturam; ſic etiam puto <lb></lb>neceſsitatem ab ipſo duplicem cognitam; alteram quæ vim afferret, & contrà naturam agitaret; <lb></lb>atque alteram quæ illi aduerſaretur, quod aliter fieri poſſet, & illam à Democrito ſublatam quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg961"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vim afferret, quia nihil poſſet ſupra naturam: hanc receptam quæ cum ipſa natura conuenire po<lb></lb>teſt, vt de conuerſione cęli cenſuit Ariſtoteles: etenim cęlum neceſſariò mouetur, atqui illa neceſ<lb></lb>ſitas eſt ex ipſa natura. </s> <s>Quòd verò fortuitò fieri nonnulla prædicarit Democritus, hoc quod for<lb></lb>tuitò dicitur, non tollit naturæ progreſſum, ſed id ſignificare poteſt, quod æquè valeat ac ſpontè, <lb></lb>& opponatur cauſſæ cogenti quæ eſt contra naturam. </s> <s>Sic verò reprehenſus fuerit ab Ariſtotele, <lb></lb>quia nihil de fortuna dixerit, ob id notari potuit, quòd cùm vulgus & multi ſapientes aliud for<lb></lb>tunam à natura facerent, ipſe ſolum de fortuna meminerit, neque docuerit, idem'ne, an aliud ſit <lb></lb>à natura. </s> <s>Neque obſtat quòd Ariſtoteles innuat ipſum aliquando auctorem rerum feciſſe natu<lb></lb>ram, aut mentem, vt idcirco credamus aliud ab ipſo cauſſæ genus fuiſſe poſitum. </s> <s>ſiquidem inde<lb></lb>finitè & incertè loquatur Ariſtoteles, ac ſufficiat, ſi altera ex illis partibus vera ſit, neque poſsint <lb></lb>ea verba pertinere ſolùm ad Democritum, ſed ad alios quoque philoſophos. </s> <s>Neque illud <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt video ſcripſiſſe nonnullos, naturam, ſiquid efficit; illicò accipere vim efficientis. </s> <s>eſt enim mo<lb></lb>dus aliquis faciendi, quod ſuo loco exponetur, & à nobis aliàs dictum eſt, formaliter non effecti<lb></lb>uè qui conuenit formæ & materiæ, quin etiam priuationi. </s> <s>quapropter aliquando dictum eſt, aë<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg962"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rem, qui eſt ſoni ſubiectum, efficere ſonum, & contraria duo agere, quæ ſunt forma & priuatio, <lb></lb>vnum verò pati, quod eſt ſubiectum. </s> <s>Neque idcirco etiam ſi de alia cauſſa ac natura verba fecit <lb></lb>efficiens, aut finem cognouit: aut enim illam non ſeparauit à natura, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſtinctè eſt elocutus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Iam verò quòd cęlum fortuitò factum ſit, ſi fortuitum ſumit, vt opponitur violentiæ, dictum ſa<lb></lb>pienter, ſed ille purus error, ſi fortuna in proprio ſignificatu capiatur, & vt vulgò <expan abbr="cõſueuit">conſueuit</expan>, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>in tanto viro notatur ab Ariſtotele, vel quòd falsò enunciarit, vel quòd indiſtinctè locutus ſit: <lb></lb>vtraque enim methodi ingenio valde repugnant. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de altera dubitatione. </s> <s>Et ſi <lb></lb>mihi probatur admodum Epicurum aliqua Democritica correxiſſe: tamen non arbitror hęc <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <lb></lb>pugnare, infinitas figuras & finitas ſimul. </s> <s>Etenim finitæ ſunt primæ illarum differentiæ ad quas <lb></lb>vniuerſæ referuntur, habens angulos & carens angulis; quo pacto oppoſita docuit Ariſtoteles à <lb></lb>Democrito cum cæteris phyſicis acceptæ fuiſſe, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & cùm figurarum ſpecies imitentur numeros; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg963"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnde item ab illis denominationem capiunt, triangulum, quadrangulum, & reliqua; ſicut nume<lb></lb>rorum primæ differentiæ ſunt duæ, par & impar; horum ſpecies & partes ſubiectæ in infinitum <lb></lb>augentur, ſed cogitatione duntaxat, reapſe finitæ ſunt, ſic de figuris dicere licebit. </s> <s>Huc accedit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg964"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd figurarum quædam primæ ſunt, aliæ non primę. </s> <s>ac primas quidem finitas eſſe compertum <lb></lb>eſt: reliquæ quæ non ſunt primæ, poſſunt eſſe infinitæ. </s> <s>Cæterùm, ſi quomodocunque finitæ ſint, <lb></lb>licet infinitæ cogitatione, rerum ortui & ſpeciei reditui nihil obſtat. </s> <s>illam ergo infinitatem quæ <lb></lb>numeros imitatur, ab Ariſtotele Democriticis atomis <expan abbr="attributã">attributam</expan> fuiſſe dicemus; alteram quæ re<lb></lb>ipſa eſt, à Lucretio fuiſſe oppugnatam, vel breuius & clarius ita dicemus infinitatem ſecundum <lb></lb>materiam à Democrito poſitam fuiſſe, illam ſublatam è medio quæ foret ſecundum formam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde repugnantia tolletur inter placita Democriti, tùm item Ariſtoteles ab offenſione Lucretij <lb></lb>defendetur. </s> <s>Generatim in hos omnes inuehitur Ariſtoteles, quòd ſcientiam naturalem profiten<lb></lb>tur, in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>veſtiganda & comparanda omnem operam <expan abbr="impẽdunt">impendunt</expan>, principia tamen infinita <expan abbr="ponũt">ponunt</expan> <lb></lb>quæ per ſeipſa à mente comprehendi non poſſunt; ijs autem ignoratis nec quicquam aliud ſcire <lb></lb>concedetur. </s> <s>Seorſum verò notantur Anaxagoras & Democritus. </s> <s>Nihil autem ab Ariſtotele ipſo <lb></lb>ſpeciatim dici video contra Anaximandrum. </s> <s>Et quidem contra <expan abbr="Anaxagorã">Anaxagoram</expan> hæc aut ſimilia ſcri<lb></lb>pſit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Accipit primùm partes quanti, <expan abbr="totumq́ue">totumque</expan> quod ex illis conſtat (tales enim ſunt <lb></lb>partes in quas <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> inſint, ideſt, ita, vt ſeparatę per ſe exiſtere poſsint, diuiditur totum) ſic ſibi <expan abbr="reſpõ-dere">reſpon<lb></lb>dere</expan>, vt prout partes magnæ fuerint, aut paruæ, <expan abbr="cõſimiliter">conſimiliter</expan> futurum ſit <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> aut paruum. <pb pagenum="116"></pb>Quare ſi partes infinitæ ſint magnitudinis, id quod neceſſariò contingeret, ſi in infinitum è parti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg965"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus aliæ partes infinitæ ſecerni poſſent: aliter <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in quolibet quodque ineſſet: ſi partes, inquam, <lb></lb>ſint infinitæ magnitudinis, & totum quoque infinitum ſit, oportet; id verò ſenſus non oſtendit: <lb></lb>ſed hominem finitæ molis eſſe cognoſcit, formicam non modo finitæ, verum etiam paruæ. </s> <s>Rur<lb></lb>ſus quodlibet quantum bifariam ſecari, aut in partes æquales, vt in dimidia; rurſus hæc in alia di<lb></lb>midia: & ſic deinceps. </s> <s>& planum eſt ſectionem in partes equales eſſe finitam. </s> <s>Neque enim quan<lb></lb>tum diuidi poteſt in plura, quàm duo dimidia, treisúe tertias aut quatuor quartas. </s> <s>ea ſola ſectio <lb></lb>in infinitum duci poteſt quæ fit in parteis inæquales. </s> <s>At cùm in infinitum in quaque parte ſecre<lb></lb>tio ſuppetat, & infinitæ ſint partes neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Tùm verò quia ſi omnes infinitæ <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>numeri <lb></lb>infiniti; æquales partes infinitæ in aliquo toto inerunt. </s> <s>infinitæ enim cùm ſint, altera alteram non <lb></lb>ſuperat. </s> <s>itaque ſunt æquales. </s> <s>immò pars erit toti æqualis, cùm ſic infinita ſit pars, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>totum. </s> <s>& quanuis aſsiduè ſecernatur ex aliqua parte, aut toto: nihilominus nil deteretur de to<lb></lb>to: infinitum enim ſemper relinquetur. </s> <s>cùm verò totum ſit finitæ magnitudinis, ſoleat autem id <lb></lb>quod eſt finitæ magnitudinis, ablatione partium finitarum denique conſumi perſeuerabit adhuc <lb></lb>eiuſmodi, vt in infinitum diuidi poſsit. </s> <s>Etiam ſi cuiuſque rei certi ſunt fines, quod ad magnitudi<lb></lb>nem <expan abbr="paruitatemq́">paruitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>attinet, aut ſecretio ſtabit aliquandò, aut ſi producetur, ad minimum <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg966"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deueniemus. </s> <s>Sic minima naturalis rei magnitudo non exiſtet, id verò ſenſui repugnat. </s> <s>Accedit <lb></lb>eodem, quòd ipſe non diſtinguit accidens à ſubſtantia: ſic enim per ſe ſubſiſtere vult album, vt <lb></lb>lignum: proinde nulla eſt apud ipſum differentia inter generationem & affectionem quæ tamen <lb></lb>apparet perſpicuè: quandò erubeſcens homo idem remanet: non idem verò, ſi cùm cadauere <lb></lb>commutetur. </s> <s>Ponit etiam generationem vniuſmodi, cùm ſit adeò multiplex: quòd opinatur om<lb></lb>ne id quod gignitur, exoriri facta partium ſimilium ſecretione ex illa ſua congerie & earundem <lb></lb>concretione. </s> <s>Atqui non modo generantur res in natura per concretionem & compoſitionem, <lb></lb>ſed per reſolutionem & ſecretionem, vt cùm è domo fiunt lapides, & aqua ex luto. </s> <s>& fieri po<lb></lb>teſt, vt non modo quippiam conſtet ex partibus conſimilibus, ſed ex diſsimilibus item. </s> <s>vt cùm <lb></lb>lutum ex terra & aqua exiſtit. </s> <s>Et facit natura apponendo, vt in prima conſtitutione fœtus; de<lb></lb>trahendo, vt cùm gignit ex putri dulcia ſegregans ab amaris, aut transfigurando, veluti dum pro<lb></lb>ducit parteis difformes, eaſdem quoque componendo producit, vltimo afficiendo vt ignem in<lb></lb>teruentu caloris. </s> <s>Idem quoque elementa vocata dicit eſſe compoſita, & aliàs partes elementis <lb></lb>ſimpliciores ſtatuit. </s> <s>At ſimplicium motus ſolent eſſe ſimplices, mixtorum mixti. </s> <s>Hîc autem mo<lb></lb>tus mixti, vt ignis, eſt ſimplex. </s> <s>Mitto quòd, & ſi cauſſam efficientem ponit, rarò illam vſurpat: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg967"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quoniam hoc illi vitium cum aliis commune eſt qui efficientem cauſſam poſuerunt. </s> <s>Neque id <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt, quòd Anaxagoræ negotium faceſsit. </s> <s>Si nihil ex nihilo, & ex quolibet quodlibet, in <lb></lb>quoque inſit actu, ſed ſat eſt, ſi vnumquodque ex quo aliquid fit, habeat ad illud poteſtatem ſeu <lb></lb>proximam, ſiue remotam. </s> <s>Hæc Ariſtoteles in Anaxagoram. </s> <s>Cùm Democrito verò pluribus agit <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Neque mirum: quando is omnes veteres anteiuit ſapientia. </s> <s>& magis propria quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg968"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcientia <expan abbr="methodusq́">methodusque</expan>. </s> <s>affectant, quàm cęteri perſecutus eſt, <expan abbr="pluriumq́">pluriumque</expan>. </s> <s>problematum cauſſas na<lb></lb>turaliter affert quàm reliqui fecerint ante ipſum. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur duo rerum principia faciens plenum <lb></lb>& inane. </s> <s>ac <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> ens eſſe volens, quod ex indiuiduis corporibus exiſteret quæ ſpontè deorſum <lb></lb>ferrentur, & variis figuris inſignita forent, inane verò non ens, non minus rerum cauſſas ſtatuit <lb></lb>inane quod non eſt quàm plenum quod eſt. </s> <s>prætereà principium accipit quod valde <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>inane nimirum, & de quo multa poſteà diſputanda ſunt, quin potius tale, vt rerum naturę aduer<lb></lb>ſetur. </s> <s>Qui verò aliquid docere inſtituit (vt optimè ſcripſit Anaximenes) in primis debet certum <lb></lb>aliquod & indubitatum principium ponere. </s> <s>Idem quoque ſtatuat magnitudines inſectiles qui<lb></lb>bus poſitis mathematica principia quæ ſunt omnium certiſsima, labefactantur. </s> <s>Tùm deinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg969"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deorſum atomi vergant, nullus erit motus naturalis, niſi deorſum; aut ſi alij motus fuerint; iam <lb></lb>non erunt naturales: itaque neceſsitas vim naturę ſuperabit, quod ipſius placitis maiorem in mo<lb></lb>dum aduerſatur. </s> <s>Atomi item ab ipſo ponuntur impatibiles, qualitate omni expertes: vnde igitur <lb></lb>in illis initia certorum motuum inerunt? </s> <s>Quomodo item figuris præditæ ſunt, ſi ſunt indiuiduę? <lb></lb></s> <s>nam figura ſpatij terminus eſt neceſſariò, hoc verò diuiduum. </s> <s>Quomodo item mouentur, cùm <lb></lb>omne id quod mouetur, neceſſariò diuiduum ſit? </s> <s>Niſi fortè & figura & motus indiuiduis abſo<lb></lb>lutè, ideſt, terminis denegentur: at indiuidua illa Democritica non ſunt termini, verùm naturam <lb></lb>magnitudinis adhuc conſeruant. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>motum <expan abbr="figuramq́">figuramque</expan>. </s> <s>accipere poterunt. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi ordi<lb></lb>nis ſitus & figuræ commutatio rerum ſubſtantias non immutant: neque enim librorum <expan abbr="meorũ">meorum</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantia variatur, dum ipſos voluo, & diuerſis ſtruo modis, neque cera mutatur, dum imprimi<lb></lb>tur, & meo ſigno informatur. </s> <s>cur in rerum natura poterunt immutare? </s> <s>aut cur in quoque <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> <lb></lb>poſitum non erit, vt lubet, variare rerum naturas, quemadmodum ordinem, poſituram, figuram <lb></lb>peruertere poſſumus? </s> <s>Quo pacto etiam in vnoquoque mixto indiſſolubiliter atomi continen<lb></lb>tur, in animali præſertim cuius adeò varij motus exiſtunt? </s> <s>Hæc omnia ſpectare oportebat qui <pb pagenum="117"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg970"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſitionem ſuam confirmare & cæteris perſuadere voluiſſet; quorum, quia nullam ſatis probabi<lb></lb>lem cauſſam afferre poteſt, ſuis Democriticis relinquetur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg954"></margin.target>d 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg955"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg956"></margin.target>e 1. Met. <lb></lb>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg957"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg958"></margin.target>f 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 46.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg959"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg960"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſenſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg961"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg962"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg963"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 41.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg964"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg965"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg966"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg967"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg968"></margin.target>a 3. de cęlo <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Met. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg969"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg970"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De ijs qui principia plura, ſed finita eſſe cenſuerunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PLVRA quidem, ſed finita profeſsi ſunt, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> cum methodo <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s>natura <expan abbr="cõgruentius">congruentius</expan>, <lb></lb>Parmenides Empedocles, Plato, & Pythagoras. </s> <s>Nam ſic & ſcientię noſtrę & naturæ progreſ<lb></lb>ſibus magis conſulitur, quòd finitum mente comprehendi poteſt, & natura nunquam ceſſat, niſi <lb></lb>finem conſecuta fuerit, modò non impediatur. </s> <s>Horum ergo ſententiæ magis accedunt ad verum, <lb></lb>& illa complectuntur quibus vera rerum principia coniectari licet; nam priuationem, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <lb></lb>& formam ſine controuerſia monſtrant. </s> <s>accipientes pro comperto contraria ens, & non ens, & <lb></lb>ſubiectum, ſed planè non aperiunt; verùm ſi exactius exquirantur, in illis non modo confuſum <lb></lb>quiddam continetur, ſed multa prętereà deſiderantur. </s> <s>Etenim (vt iam de Parmenide loquar) <lb></lb>ipſe cùm antè vnum accepiſſet, duo rerum principia ſtatuit, nec quidem reipſa differentia, quem<lb></lb>admodum Auerroës arbitratur; licet vnum faciat ad mentem, duo ad ſenſum; ſed quia ſubeat <lb></lb>idem principium duas conſiderationes, quòd vnum eſſet re vera, ſed ſenſui diuerſa viderentur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg971"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ita illi eueniret, ceu collo columbæ; eſt enim eiuſdem perpetuò coloris, tamen ex diuerſo ſitu <lb></lb>ad lumen mirandum in modum variatur: ſtatuit ergo duo principia ad ſenſum; calidum & fri<lb></lb>gidum, alterum ignem vocans, ac terram alterum; necnon ignem numerat in entibus terram <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ens exiſtimans: Itaque ſi vim eius placiti perſcrutemur, ente & non ente formam & priuationem <lb></lb>nobis indicauit; idem quoque ſignificauit materiam, quòd terra, vt idem voluit, vi patiendi præ<lb></lb>dita eſſet, quod materiæ officium eſſe compertum eſt. </s> <s>Verùm quòd cauilli quibus impediebatur, <lb></lb>vnum eſſe conuincerent; hæc non ſanè ſic habere, ſed ita videri putauit ſenſu ſic approbante, op<lb></lb>poſitum verò dictare rationem cui fidendum magis eſſet. </s> <s>Tria elementa poſuit Ion Chius aucto<lb></lb>re Philopono, ſed cùm eius nullam rationem videatur habuiſſe Philoſophus, nihil etiam nos de <lb></lb>illo dicemus. </s> <s>Empedocles quatuor vulgò nota corpora ſimplicia terram, aquam, aërem, & <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> <lb></lb>conſtituit, quæ vicem materiæ ſubirent: licet ignem à cęteris ſegregaret, quaſi vna foret natura, <lb></lb>quippe quæ ad illa ſe haberet vt efficiens, & illis veluti alimento vteretur: nanque ęthera ſolùm <lb></lb>calidum ſtatuit, reliqua elementa frigida, caloris autem efficacitas maxima prædicatur; verunta<lb></lb>men cùm & ipſe aliquid pateretur, aliis principiis obtemperans quibus deduceretur ad <expan abbr="mixtionẽ">mixtionem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg972"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>amicitia nimirum contrahente, & diſsipante diſcordia, materiæ <expan abbr="cõditionis">conditionis</expan> quoquo pacto expers <lb></lb>non eſſet. </s> <s>Porrò amicitiam in vnum elementa confundendo corrumpere, & cogere in ſphærum, <lb></lb>diſcordiam verò ſecernendo elementa è ſphæro generare. </s> <s>neque id quodam ordine conſtanti, <lb></lb>quòd aërem ſemper diſsipet ſurſum, terram verò deorſum: ſed tùm: ita fortuito contigiſſe. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg973"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quoque contingere, vt elementa coëant in mixturam magis; aut minus aptè, & prout aptè conti<lb></lb>gerit, aut non reliqua extare, & vſui eſſe, aut interire; ſemper verò elementorum ſeruari <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>vt quicquid exiſtit, nihil aliud ſit atque elementa. </s> <s>Hæc verò poëticis vocibus elocutus eſt, & am<lb></lb>biguis, quo vitio ſcatet vbique illius oratio. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg974"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg971"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg972"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg973"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg974"></margin.target>b 2. Rhet.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<foreign lang="grc">Ζεῦς ἀργης, ἣρητε φερέσβιος, ὴ δ' αἰδωνεύσ<lb></lb> Νῆστις θ' ἡ δακρυόις ὲκπικροῖ ὄμμα βρότηον</foreign>, ideſt,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iuppiter albus, & alma Iuno, tùm pallidus Orcus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et Neſtis lachrymis oculos quæ complet amaris<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iouem ignem, Iunonem terram, Orcum aêrem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, ”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Neſtin aquam dicens; & hæc ait aſsiduas verſare vices, nec vſquam deſinere & æternum eſſe <arrow.to.target n="marg975"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hunc rerum ordinem quo ſibi in eadem elementorum portione variæ formæ ſuccedant. </s> <s>Vnde <lb></lb>etiam ipſe de ſeipſo profitetur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg975"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<foreign lang="grc">Ἠδη γάρ ποτ' ἐγὼ γενόμην κοῦρός τε κούρητε <lb></lb> Θᾶμνός τ' ὀιωνός τε, καὶ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἔμπυρος ἰχθύς</foreign>, ideſt,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nanque olim tener ipſe fui puer, atque puella</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Igneus, & piſcis, frutex, & picta volucris<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea verò ſic fiunt, quòd<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἂλλοτε μὲν φιλότητι συνεζχόμεν εἰς ἒν ἅπαντα·<lb></lb> Ἄλλοτε δ' αὖ διχ' ἓκαστα φορευμενα νείκεος ἔχθει</foreign>, ideſt,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnunquam componit amor ſimul omnia dulcis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg976"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976"></margin.target>c Proclus <lb></lb>in Tim.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnunquam diſcreta iubet diſcordia ferri<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quanquam & ipſe duplicem ſphærum <expan abbr="quandoq;">quandoque</expan> profeſſus eſt <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſenſilem, atque <foreign lang="grc">νυητόν</foreign>, <lb></lb>& intelligendum alterum. </s> <s>Nos in ſcientia rerum ſenſilium ſenſilem perſequemur. </s> <s>Quantum <lb></lb>verò eſt de ſententia Platonis, & de numero principiorum quæ ab ipſo poſita ſunt, & de illorum <lb></lb>diſtinctione quam ſignificat Ariſtoteles; ab Ariſtotelis interpretibus dubitatum fuiſſe video.</s></p> <pb pagenum="118"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>Prętereà non facilè eſt docere quę nam principia ſignificauerit Ariſtoteles, dum de numero prin<arrow.to.target n="marg976a"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipiorum à Platone poſito verba facit, & monet item à Platone recepta fuiſſe tria principia. </s> <s>Nanque Alexander auctore Simplicio tria illa ab Ariſtotele notata fuiſſe narrat materiam, effi<lb></lb>ciens, & exemplat, ſiue Ideam. </s> <s>Verùm hæc quæ profitetur Alexander, neque conſentiunt cum <lb></lb> ijs quæ ſibi voluit Ariſtoteles, neque ad rem faciunt, neque item cum Platonis ipſius placitis <expan abbr="cõgruunt">con<lb></lb>gruunt.</expan></s> <s>Etenim duo ponit ex ſententia Platonis magnum, & paruum quibus vna materia ſigni<lb></lb>ficatur. </s> <s>Tùm deinde tria Platoni adſcribit Ariſtoteles quæ ſint interna rerum principia, perſequi<lb></lb>tur etiam Alexander externa. </s> <s>Poſtremò tria tantum ponit iuxta dogma Platonis, & aliqua tùm <lb></lb>ex externis, tùm ex internis omittit. </s> <s>cùm perſpicuè meminerit Plato de fine, citat ipſius Platonis <lb></lb>verba Simplicius è Timæo: & Alexander ea penes omnium regem cuncta ſunt & illius <lb></lb>cauſſa. </s> <s>proinde ſcibit duas principiorum ſeries à Platone fuiſſe conſtitutas, alteram <expan abbr="præcipuorũ">præcipuorum</expan> <lb></lb>quæ complectenerentur finem, <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, & exemplar; </s> <s>atque alteram cauſſarum adiuuantium, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <lb></lb>ſpecies eſſent aſſecutus; </s> <s>cùm de internis verba faciat, & materiam vt duo ex illis tribus accipiat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque Theophraſtus illud quidem ſapienter. </s> <s>quòd duo principiorum genera acceperit Plato, vnum quòd generaliter omnem cauſſæ rationem complectatur, atque alterum quod rerum na<arrow.to.target n="marg976b"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turam reſpiciat, & generatim multò plura ſunt principia ſimpliciter quæ poſuit Plato, vt optimè <lb></lb>docet Simplicius, hæ enim omnia numerantur in principiis à Platone eſſentia, idem, diuerſum, <lb></lb>ſtatus, motus, & tempus: </s> <s>at verò rerum naturalium principia duo tantummodo ſunt, materia ni<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg976c"></arrow.to.target>mirum quæ duitate, & magno <expan abbr="paruoq̀.">paruoque</expan> exprimitur, & efficiens. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end></s> <s>ibi enim de ipſo meminit vbi <lb></lb>dicit. </s> <s>operæpretium igitur eſt effectorem ac patrem vniuerſi inuenire ac <expan abbr="demõſtrare">demonſtrare</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <lb></lb>admiratur Alexander, cùm Plato de efficiente & ſine verba fecerit, cur Ariſtoteles nullius harum <lb></lb> cauſſarum mentionem in Platonica opinione fecerit, & eius <expan abbr="cõſilij">conſilij</expan> duas cauſſas enarrat, primam <lb></lb>quò Plato enumerans cauſſas, hanc vtranque reliquerit, vt erat auctor Ariſtoteles in lib. de bon. <lb></lb></s> <s>alteram quòd eas excludit numero cauſſarum ortus & interitus, aut non diligenter exponit. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg976d"></arrow.to.target>rùm hoc non ſatis aptè, cùm de tali principiorum genere nihil ibi tractet Ariſtoteles. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end></s> <s>In <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> <lb></lb>quoque reprehenſiones incidit Plutarchus qui tria hæc principia quæ nobis Ariſtoteles indica<lb></lb>uit, mentem eſſe voluit, ideam & materiam. </s> <s>Itaque duo reipſa, mea quidem ſententia, ſunt ea <lb></lb>principia quæ ſtatuit Plato, materia quam facit <foreign lang="grc">συναίπον</foreign>, ideſt, cauſſam adiuuantem, ſed duo nominat magnum, ſcilicet, & paruum eius infinitatem vocibus illis deſcribens, & vnum quod, <lb></lb>vel eſt idea, vel forma. </s> <s>ac ſi veſtigiis Ariſtotelis inſiſtamus, ideam eſſe putabimus, quippe quòd <arrow.to.target n="marg976e"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in hac methodo non ſemel accuſet Platonem qui Ideas cenſuerit eſſe principia rerum ſenſilium <lb></lb>quę per ſeipſas extra materiam forent, ſi vſquam eſſent. </s> <s>Pythagoras decem contrariorum paria, ſiue coniugationes omnium principia conſtituit: ſeu quò multum ipſe tribueret numeris quo<lb></lb>rum principem denarium eſſe crederet, ſeu quò hæc ita inter ſe diſcreta eſſe putaret, & quæ in<lb></lb>ter ſe reſolui non poſſent, adhuc incertum eſt. </s> <s>certè quòd numeri collocarentur in principiis, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg976f"></arrow.to.target><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eos perſuadebat, quòd reliquis omnibus eſſent priores, quippe qui illis ſeparentur. <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> </s> <s>Tùm <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg976g"></arrow.to.target>etiam quòd res imitantur numeros: (nimirum propter gradus quibus eſſentię ſeiunguntur) ſicut <lb></lb>ergo prius eſſe debet id, vnde ſumitur imitatio, quàm id quod imitatur, & exemplar eſt prius <expan abbr="exẽplo">exem<lb></lb>plo</expan>; </s> <s>ſic etiam res quæ numerantur, & quæ numeros imitantur, ſunt poſteriores numeris. </s> <s>Hos <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg976h"></arrow.to.target>ipſi ſubſtantias non accidentia faciunt quę ſint immobiles, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neque tamen habeant vim mouen<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg976i"></arrow.to.target>di, & per finitum <expan abbr="infinitumq̀.">infinitumque</expan> partiuntur, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> infinitum non modo ſenſilibus, ſed ijs tribuunt quę <lb></lb>in ſolam mentem cadunt, & infinitum extra mundum vagari volunt. </s> <s>Sed non ſoli Pythagoræi <lb></lb>numeros principia faciunt; Plato item numeratur in illis. </s> <s>Niſi quòd Plato rerum principia ſta<lb></lb>tuit numeros mathematicos. </s> <s>Pythagoræi verò, quòd multas eorum affectiones, in corporibus <arrow.to.target n="marg976j"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quę ſub ſenſum cadunt, ineſſe perſpicerent; numeros quidem entia poſuerunt, ſed non ſeiunctos <lb></lb> ab entibus, verùm illorum materiam. </s> <s>Etenim numerorum affectiones in concentu, cęlo, <expan abbr="multisq̀.">multisque</expan> <lb></lb>aliis inſunt. </s> <s>Separabant illi numeros à rebus ſensilibus quò ſi in illis poſiti forent, cùm cætero<lb></lb>qui nullam habeant firmitatem, eorum ſcientiam non futuram: </s> <s>vult enim ſcientia de rebus per<lb></lb>manentibus & æternis exiſtere. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quia poſtulata non ſunt de rebus ſenſilibus, verùm de <lb></lb> ijs quæ mens iam conceperit. </s> <s>Sed videant iſti qua machina euertant illud argumentum. </s> <s>Si nu<lb></lb>meri ſeparati ſint, quo pacto proprietates eorum in rebus ſenſilibus inſunt. </s> <s>Hoc igitur vnum in <lb></lb> rebus ipſis ineſſe rectè Pythagoręi cenſuerunt: quia verò principium apud eſt numerus, ſiue <lb></lb>vnum, & eſt ſubſtantia, cætera, vt quò ſit bonum, illi vni accidunt. </s> <s>Hoc verò principium, cùm <lb></lb> multa cauſſarum genera ſint, quemadmodum ſit cauſſa, aut qua ratione reſpiciat bonum, ipſis <lb></lb> auctoribus incertum eſt. </s> <s>Cæterùm de numerorum conditionibus & gradibus quia multa à do<lb></lb>ctiſsimis viris accuratiſsime tradita ſunt, neque admodum valent ad phyſiologię principia quam <lb></lb>nunc perſequimur, inuenienda, hilari fronte dimittentur, illud adnotabimus ſolum quò neſci<lb></lb>uerunt ipſi diſtinguere id quod eſt prius ratione, ab eo quod eſt natura prius: numeri verò ſola <pb pagenum="119"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg976k"></arrow.to.target>ratione, non natura ſunt priores, & quòd numeri ſe habeant vt exemplaria falſum eſt; </s> <s>ſunt enim <lb></lb> notæ duntaxat quibus naturæ proceſſus indicetur. </s> <s>Sed ſingulorum errores mox adnotemus, vt <lb></lb> ijs pulſis certa rerum naturalium principia conſequamur. </s> <s>Et Parmenides ſanè ſenſuum iudicio <lb></lb> de rebus ſenſilibus nimium derogat. </s> <s>Idem quoque peccat, dum ea pro principiis habet quorum <lb></lb>ingenium eſſentiæ principiorum maxime repugnat. </s> <s>Oportet enim ſemper manere principia, <expan abbr="rationemq̀.">ra<lb></lb>tionemque</expan> illorum in omni mutatione retineri, calidum verò & frigidum non ſunt eiuſmodi, ſi<lb></lb>quidem conuerſo non reſoluatur in ea principia. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> </s> <s>Tùm prætereà nullus motus ſine affectione <arrow.to.target n="marg976l"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obiretur. </s> <s>Iam verò quòd ens vnum ſit, <expan abbr="ideoq̀.">ideoque</expan> cętera non ſint, ſed eſſe videantur; præter id quòd <lb></lb>monſtrat Ariſtoteles non neceſſariò conſequi. </s> <s>ſi nil ſit præter ens, quò ens ſit vnum, addemus <lb></lb>etiam nos duo item entia ab eodem Parmenide poſita fuiſſe, id nimirum quod verè eſt, alterum <lb></lb>quod eſt calidum (nanque hoc ſive ignem appellabat ens, frigidum verò ſeu <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> non ens) atque <lb></lb>id verè ens ponere cogebatur. </s> <s>Nam, ſi ens ad ſenſum ſic acciperet, quia ſentiretur, & à ſenſu ſic <lb></lb>eſſe iudicaretur; etiam frigidum, quia ſentitur, ens habendum fuerat, aut negandum ſentiri fri<lb></lb>gidum, quod ipſe non ens eſſe fatebatur: quod certè multò eſt ineptius. </s> <s>Ergo verè frigidum eſſe ponendum fuit. </s> <s>Itaque non vnum ens ſolum, ſed duo, atque illa quidem non ad ſenſum ſolum<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg976m"></arrow.to.target>modo, ſed reipſa ſtatuenda ſunt ex ſententia Parmenidis. </s> <s>Nunc ad Empedoclem. </s> <s>Ponit ipſe pri<lb></lb>ma quattuor corpora quę cùm prima ſint, & (vt ipſe vult) abſolutè principia, neque in aliud, ne<lb></lb>que inter ſe commutari poſſunt, neque enim habent in quod reſoluantur. </s> <s>Nunc elementa pro<lb></lb>prias habent differentias, vt ignis calorem, aqua <expan abbr="humorẽ">humorem</expan> quas ſic affixas vnumquodque elemen<lb></lb>tum habet, vt alteri communicari non poſsint, aliter interiret elementum proprias differentias <lb></lb> amittens. </s> <s>Cùm ergo mutatio qualitatum ſit affectio, ea verò fieri nequeat; </s> <s>profectò tolletur item <lb></lb>affectio. </s> <s>Tũm etiam motus omnis exiſtit in vno ſubiecto viciſsim contraria ſuſcipiente. </s> <s>Sed non <lb></lb>eſt hic commune ſubiectum. </s> <s>Neque igitur affectio. </s> <s>Et illud negare, quin elementa ſecum com<lb></lb>mutentur, valde importunum eſt; cũm ex aqua fiat aer, & ex aere aqua, & terra conflagret, & id <lb></lb>quod exuſtum eſt, in terram conuertatur. </s> <s>Adde his, quòd cùm opera conciliantis amicitiæ ſphę<lb></lb>rus fit ex elementis, amittuntur eorum differentiæ. </s> <s>Si ergo rurſus è ſphęro litis ſecernentis auxi<lb></lb>lio facta ſunt elementa; aut ex eo terra facta eſt quod anteà fuit itidem terra, aut ex eo quod prius <lb></lb>fuerat ignis. </s> <s>Si poſterius dederit, & elementa inter ſe commutari poterunt. </s> <s>Si terram ex terra <lb></lb>fieri velit; certè accipiet id cuius nulla cauſſa afferri, <expan abbr="temereq̀.">temereque</expan> effutiet. </s> <s>Prętereà dubium eſt <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg976n"></arrow.to.target>ſint'ne elementa ſphęro priora, an poſteriora: ac quidem elementi naturam oppugnat eſſe poſte<lb></lb>rius; neque tamen priora ſine vitio ſumi poſſunt. </s> <s>Siquidem verè elementum prius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> natura ſit <lb></lb>id ex quo primo aliquid fit, & in quod vltimum abit. </s> <s>Sed dici non poteſt ſit'ne ſphęrus <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <lb></lb> illud <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="primumq̀.">primumque</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>; <expan abbr="qñ">quando</expan> & è ſphęro fiunt elementa, & ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> reſoluuntur in <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſphęrũ">ſphęrum</expan>; </s> <s><expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> minus ita fiat, quàm <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> ſphęrus in elementa reſoluatur, & producatur ex illis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Dubiũ">Dubium</expan> <lb></lb>quoque eſt apud ipſum cuius'nam amicitiæ'ne, an litis ſit gignere & corrumpere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> lis è ſphęro <lb></lb>producit elementa <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, amicitia corrumpit in <expan abbr="ſphęrũ">ſphęrum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus à lite ſphęrus corrumpi vi<lb></lb>detur, & ab amicitia gigni. </s> <s>Rurſus poſtquam lite ſecernente genita ſunt <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, ex ijs mixta <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan> <lb></lb>amicitia coniungente, <expan abbr="eademq̀">eademque</expan> mixta intereunt & abeunt in elementa diſcordia diſsipante. </s> <s>Ipſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> tollit è <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura. </s> <s>Nihil dico de eo quòd nullum finem naturæ <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> eſſe putat. <lb></lb></s> <s>hoc .n. posteà <expan abbr="videndũ">videndum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Omnino non ſatis <expan abbr="cõmoda">commoda</expan> principia ſunt elementa, cùm <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> neceſſe <lb></lb>ſit illa interire. </s> <s>Quin etiam ſi in <expan abbr="nihilũ">nihilum</expan> nihil abit; illud prius erit in quod ipſa diſſoluentur. </s> <s>Sed ne <lb></lb>nimis in longum exoreſcat oratio; his ergo ſolùm contentus quæ admiratus Empedoclem cecinit <lb></lb>Manilius, poſtquàm terræ formam, & ordinatos ſiderum motus propoſuiſſet ad <expan abbr="contemplandũ">contemplandum</expan>. <lb></lb></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg976o"></arrow.to.target>Nam neque fortuitos ortus ſurgentibus astris: <emph type="italics"></emph><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec toties poſſum naſcentem credere mundum, <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Solisue aſſiduos partus, & facta diurna, <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cùm facies eadem ſignis per ſęcula conſtet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Idem Phœbus eat de cęli partibus ijſdem; <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Inde ſuos ſinuat flexus per crura pedesque <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Centauri, alterius rurſus aſcendere cęlum <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Incipit, Argiuamque ratem per apluſtria ſumma <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Lunaque per totidem luces mutetur, & orbes, <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et natura vias ſeruet, quas fecerat ipſa: <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec tyrocinio peccet, circumque feratur. <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aeterna cum luce dies, quò tempora monſtrat <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc his nunc illis eadem regionibus orbis <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Semper, <expan abbr="et">et</expan> vlterius vadentibus ortus ad ortus, <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Occaſumue ortus cę,<expan abbr="et">et</expan> cum Sole perennet. <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb></s></p> <pb pagenum="120"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>Et illud perpetuò ſpectandum in omni conſtitutione principiorum, ne aliorum ratio ſuppo<arrow.to.target n="marg977"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natur, & ne commutentur. </s> <s>Nam ſic primum quoddam ſubſit neceſſe eſt circum quod mutatio <lb></lb>fiat. </s> <s>Itaque videant ij qui noua rerum principia poſuerunt, quin potius ea quæ longo rerum vſu <lb></lb>repudiata ſunt, quàm commodè ſua placita tueri valeant. </s> <s>Platonis auctoritas multa flagitat quę <lb></lb>dicantur. </s> <s>Nanque ipſe Ideas introduxit de quibus longa diſputatio futura eſt. </s> <s>interim illa repe<lb></lb>tantur quæ de altero principio quod mutationi ſubiicitur, ab eo decreta ſunt. </s> <s>Is duo conſtituit <lb></lb>loco materiæ, cùm ad patiendum ſatis ſit vnum. </s> <s>Idem quoque contraria poſuit vt ſubiectum <lb></lb>quæ prædicati locum occupare debuerunt. </s> <s>Idem, aut non diſtinxit à materia priuationem quæ <lb></lb>diſtinguenda erat, aut non cognouit, aut tanquam maleficij cauſſam neglexit. </s> <s>neque enim me<lb></lb>minit de priuatione. </s> <s>Neque priuatio, tanquàm maleficij cauſſa negligenda fuit, cùm ſit cauſſa <lb></lb>appetitus in materia quò excitata properat ad formam. </s> <s>Illud etiam Platoni vitio vertitur, quòd <lb></lb>cùm duos ipſe numeros ſtatuerit, vnum idearum, atque alterum mathematicum; non poſsit do<lb></lb>cere, quemadmodum, nec ex quo conſtet numerus mathematicus. </s> <s>Medius enim eſt, inter nume<lb></lb>rum idearum & numerum qui poſitus eſt in rebus ſenſilibus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi reſpondeat ipſum ex ma<lb></lb>gno, & paruo conſtare, ab eo qui formarum eſt, planè non diſcrepabit. </s> <s>Dicet fortè aliud eſſe ma<lb></lb>gnum & paruum quia magnitudines item cenſet eſſe principia, ſed tùm plura elementa inducet. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg978"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Dabit fortaſſe vtrorumque vnum eſſe commune principium. </s> <s>Atqui docendum fuit, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum ex vno multa euadant. </s> <s>ipſe verò non alium modum docet, ac quòd numerus ex vno & <lb></lb>duernione infinito procreatur. </s> <s>Erit etiam violens magni & parui ſeparatio, cùm ad vnum cuncta <lb></lb>ſuaptè natura vergant. </s> <s>Ita cùm hæc principia rerum naturæ aduerſentur, & eius viri ſententias <lb></lb>euertant, planum eſt Platonis opinionem de rerum naturalium principiis & elementis eſſe explo<lb></lb>dendam. </s> <s>Poſſet Pythagoręorum placitum ſine offenſione prætermitti, quòd illorum principia <lb></lb>quærunt quæ ab omni motu ſoluta <expan abbr="liberaq́">liberaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt; nos autem mobilia tractamus. </s> <s>prætereà quòd <lb></lb>nihil certi colligitur ex aliorum ſcriptis quod ad earum poſitionum vim percipiendam valeat. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>eorum philoſophia iam pridem obſoleuit; cùm tamen hæc aliquid ad Peripatericæ doctrinæ ex<lb></lb>planationem faciant nonnulla libare conſtituimus. </s> <s>Ipſi igitur pręter id quòd ſenſilibus principia <lb></lb>ſenſilia non adhibeat, accipiunt numeros qui nulla grauitate, aut leuitate ſint præditi, aut igitur <lb></lb>grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>corporum & omnino ſenſilium principia non ſunt, aut cum eos cęli <expan abbr="elemen-torumq́">elemen<lb></lb>torumque</expan>. </s> <s>principia faciunt, aliud cęlum <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>elementa, quàm noſtra accipiunt. </s> <s>Neque enim fit <lb></lb>apud illos quippiam ex non ente, neque igitur ex non graui graue. </s> <s>Nanque nondum perſpecta <lb></lb>erat vis poteſtatis & actus (ſiquidem primus omnium hæc nobis monſtrauerit Ariſt.) <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg979"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg980"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>efficitur, vt ex non ente quippiam fieri poſsit. </s> <s>Et quanuis ab Ariſtotele concluſum ſit cęlum non <lb></lb>eſſe neque graue, neque leue, vnde nil referre videretur, quòd cęlum <expan abbr="cõponeretur">componeretur</expan> è numeris qui <lb></lb>neque graues, neque leues eſſent, & terram quoque ipſi ponerent quæ in orbem volueretur; ea <lb></lb>verò quæ ſic mouentur, neque leuia, neque grauia ſunt. </s> <s>Tamen hæc ignota fuerunt antiquitus, & <lb></lb>cęlum aut leue, quòd omnibus emineret, habitum eſt, aut quòd impetus innatus ad motum, ſeu <lb></lb>quietem illis denegari non potuit, cuius auctores eſſe numeri nequiuerunt, cùm ab omni impetu <lb></lb>per ſe liberi ponerentur. </s> <s>Prætereà ponunt numeros eſſe ſubſtantias, & tamen de illorum genere <lb></lb>conſtat eſſe quæ ſubſtantię comitantur & illi ſolent attribui, quandò cuiuſpiam rei numerus eſt, <lb></lb>vt hominum, aut equorum. </s> <s>Inſuper erit prius vnum quàm bonum, immò ſi vnum principium <lb></lb>& vt ipſi aiunt, eſſentia ex eo quòd vnum, bonum quoque ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Atqui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcirco, quòd <lb></lb>vnum eſt, bonum eſt: ſed ex eo, quòd primum eſt & æternum, <expan abbr="ſeq́">ſeque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſo contentum, quòd in ſe <lb></lb>ſatis præſidij habet, <expan abbr="ſalusq́ue">ſalusque</expan> eſt, & ex eo denique, quòd bene conſtitutum ſit & affectum, <lb></lb>hoc verò, quod ita ſe habet, vnum eſt. </s> <s>aliter efficeretur, vt vnum à ratione boni ſegregatum eſſet <lb></lb>principium numeri mathematici. </s> <s>id verò dicere non licet: cùm ex hoc vno mira bonorum con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg981"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iunctio naſcatur quæ in quaque ſpecie perſpicitur. </s> <s>Quin etiam ſi ſubſtantia foret atque princi<lb></lb>pium, in aliquod genus cauſſæ referretur, neque ſanè eſt forma, nam forma rationem complecti<lb></lb>tur, numeri verò ſunt materia rationis, vt tria & ſex proportionis materia ſunt: proportio verò <lb></lb>eſt habitudo trium ad ſex. </s> <s>& cùm forma, finis, <expan abbr="efficiensq́">efficiensque</expan>. </s> <s>conueniant, ſi non eſt forma, neque <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>efficiens, aut finis eſſe poterit, ſed materia ſolum. </s> <s>Nec non apud eos incertum eſt, ſit'ne vnum <lb></lb>caput numerorum, an potius <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex numero producatur, & vtroque modo naſcuntur abſurda. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi vnum ex numero ducat originem, cùm ex contrariis quodammodo pullulet, nimirum ex <lb></lb>non vno quorum ſi vnum bonum eſt, alterum malum ſit oportet: inde effici vt malum <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan>, <lb></lb>aut ergo vnum bonum non erit, aut ex numero non orietur. </s> <s>Neque verò vt ex materia quæ ma<lb></lb>lum ſit; quippe quòd vbi quidpiam ex materia fiat quæ imperfecta quędam res eſt; etiam neceſſe <lb></lb>ſit, aliquid aliud perfectum præſtò eſſe à quo producatur. </s> <s>Non poſſunt item multa fieri ex vno. <lb></lb></s> <s>neque enim permixtione, quia ſic plura eſſent; neque compoſitione, quoniam ſi res fuerint, ſitum <lb></lb>eas habere oportebit; in mente verò vna multa & vnum concipientur, nempe plura quæ coëant <lb></lb>in vnum. </s> <s>Adhuc ea quæ fiunt ex alio, ſiue fiant ex contrariis, ſiue ex ſubiecto, neceſſe eſt ex aliquo <pb pagenum="121"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg982"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt ſuperſtite fiant. </s> <s>Ita quoque numerus producetur. </s> <s>nec principium igitur. </s> <s>Et quod illorum <lb></lb>ſententię caput eſt, numerorum vires <expan abbr="poteſtatemq́">poteſtatemque</expan>. </s> <s>maximam faciunt. </s> <s>Sed hæc aut non neceſſa<lb></lb>ria ſunt, aut multò prius rerum numeratarum virtute tribuenda ſunt. </s> <s>Neque ſapientis iudicio <lb></lb>dignum. </s> <s>ſiqua perfectio conueniat numeris, quatenus numeri ſunt, eam ad res ipſas numeratas <lb></lb>continuò traducere. </s> <s>Magna quidem vis eſt ſenarij, quòd varijs modis reſoluitur & <expan abbr="cõfiguratur">configuratur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Num qui ſex filios habet idcirco præſtantior erit eo qui nullos habet? </s> <s>Hæc non iniuria maiores <lb></lb>noſtri deſpexerunt, quòd lubricis admodum fundamentis nil perſpicerent. </s> <s>Itaque ea miſſa fa<lb></lb>ciamus & ex ijs quæ collegimus de placitis antiquorum fructum Ariſtotelico more metamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Omnes enim puerorum inſtar naturalis philoſophiæ principia balbutierunt, vnum & contraria <lb></lb>ponentes, quæ in eum ſenſum ſic accipienda eſſe ratio dictat, vt vnum ſit contrariorum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>in quaque mutatione permanens, & reliqua duo contraria quæ de illius ſubiecti poſſeſsione cer<lb></lb>tent: horum vnum quod perfectius eſſet ens vocabant quod formæ reſpondebat, alterum quod <lb></lb>erat imperfectius non ens quod idem valebat, àc priuatio. </s> <s>Sed cùm ex ipſis aliqui ſenſilia magis <lb></lb>obſeruarent, nonnulli ratione priora perſequerentur; in eo diſcreparunt, quòd illi principia ma<lb></lb>gis ſenſilia receperunt, vt calidum & frigidum, ſiccum & humidum. </s> <s>alij contrà minus ſenſilia, & <lb></lb>quæ rationi ſoli cognita forent, vt litem & amicitiam, par & impar. </s> <s><expan abbr="aliaq́ue">aliaque</expan> contrariorum iuga <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg983"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quibus ipſi principij conditiones conuenire magis putarent, aut quæ magis eorum mentis acies, <lb></lb>eruditio, ſiue experientia conſecuta eſſent. </s> <s>Nam calidum & frigidum aliqui fecere principia quæ <lb></lb>magis entia credebant, quippe magis ſenſilia quàm humidum & ſiccum aut rarum aut denſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>alij contrà litem & amicitiam quæ magis à ſenſu diſtarent, <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> priora ſecundum rationem, <lb></lb>quàm par & impar, plenum & vacuum, magnum & paruum. </s> <s>Itaque in eorum conſtitutione <lb></lb>quædam analogia ſpectabatur, & quanuis ſententiæ diſsimiles eſſent: neque ſimpliciter eadem <lb></lb>principia ponerentur; extabat tamen aliqua ſimilitudo, <expan abbr="cõuenientia">conuenientia</expan>, atque conſenſus à quo nec <lb></lb>tot ſapientum auctoritas, nec rerum natura patiebatur <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> aberrare, & generale <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <lb></lb>inuenire quod omnes, cùm perſpexiſſent, aut approbarent, aut tanquam non repugnans, neque <lb></lb>ipſi reiicerent. </s> <s>Subiectum ſcilicet quod poſſet vtraque contraria viciſsim capere, & contraria, <lb></lb>vnum ens & formam, atque alterum priuationem quæ omnia forent fons & origo motus natu<lb></lb>ralis eo modo qui poſthàc deſcribetur à nobis. </s> <s>Libet hoc loco parumper digredi, & ex dictis iu<lb></lb>dicare progreſſum methodi Ariſtotelicæ in rerum naturalium principiis euoluendis. </s> <s>Nam cùm <lb></lb>ab initio ſignificaſſet innatam eſſe nobis viam, vt à notis nobis ad ignota nobis quæ ſunt princi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg984"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pia, tenderemus, vt ijs perſpectis illa per ſe noteſcerent quæ tametſi nobis nota, per ſe tamen <expan abbr="erãt">erant</expan> <lb></lb>ignota. </s> <s>Nunc cùm ab antiquorum placitis, tanquàm à notis nobis exorſus fuerit Ariſtoteles, & <lb></lb>eorum auxilio principia veſtigauerit; ea verò cognita confirment illa nota nobis vnde orſi fui<lb></lb>mus, & efficiant illum rationis gyrum quem regreſſum vocant; quærat quiſpiam, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>id præſtet Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Etenim veteres principiis contraria tribuebant; ex hoc concluſum prima <lb></lb>contraria eſſe principia. </s> <s>Idem quoque via motus contraria principiorum conditiones eſſe do<lb></lb>cuit: vbi regreſſus? </s> <s>An ita procedemus, ſicut iubet Ariſtoteles in ea ratione qua primum ex eo <lb></lb>quòd planetæ non ſcintillent, coniicitur eos eſſe vicinos; mox ex eo, quòd propè ſint, non ſcintil<lb></lb>lare, vbi ſubiectum planetæ, medium cum prędicato commutatur. </s> <s>Ita cùm veteres ſuis principiis <lb></lb>aëri, aquæ, igni, atomis, & reliquis contraria tribuiſſent: hoc ſumpto Ariſtoteles ex definitione <lb></lb>formali terminorum ſtruxit proſyllogiſmum in quo medium eſſet huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Non fieri ex aliis, <lb></lb>neque alia ex ipſis. </s> <s>Itaque cùm eſſent eiuſmodi prima contraria, efficiebatur, vt ea principia ſta<lb></lb>tuenda forent. </s> <s>Ergo contraria prima erunt principia. </s> <s>Quocirca forma, priuatio, & materies (hęc <lb></lb>enim cum contrariis hic numeranda eſt) erunt principia. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ex principiis ad contraria <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg985"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deducti fuiſſemus ab antiquis; Ariſtoteles terminis commutatis ex contrariis à priori principia <lb></lb>concluſit. </s> <s>Deinde cùm venatus eſſet ex motu contraria, tanquam principia, regreſſum neglexiſſe <lb></lb>videtur: attamen & fieri poterat, quòd contraria forent cauſſæ motus. </s> <s>Igitur & forma & priua<lb></lb>tio & materia cauſſæ motus habebuntur. </s> <s>Quamobrem hactenus continentur duo progreſſus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed ille tertius quo ex vniuerſali progreſſu colligitur ſpecialis in quaque re pertractanda; nimi<lb></lb>rum, quòd cùm hæc ſint principia ſubſtantiæ naturalis & motus, ex ijs quæ in quaque re ſunt <lb></lb>nota nobis, inuenienda propria ipſius principia quibus cognitis quæque res per ſeipſam ignota <lb></lb>per cauſſam perſpicua fiet, & in hoc poſita erit ſcientia naturalis. </s> <s>At verò ne diſcedam à pro<lb></lb>poſito quod in hoc primo libro inſtituimus, vt generatim principia noſtræ methodi conſtitue<lb></lb>rentur in quibus etiam reponitur motus, & hoc loco de illius notitia diſſeramus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976a"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976b"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976c"></margin.target>a Proc. lib. <lb></lb> 4. in Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976d"></margin.target>b Alex. I. <lb></lb>Met. T. 46</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976e"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976f"></margin.target>c I. Met. <lb></lb></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976g"></margin.target>d 8. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976h"></margin.target>e 8. Phyſ <lb></lb>T. 46</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976i"></margin.target>f 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976j"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976k"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976l"></margin.target>a Prædic. <lb></lb> c. de motu</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976m"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976n"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg976o"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg977"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg978"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg979"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg980"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg981"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg982"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg983"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg984"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg985"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt motum eſſe perſpicuum ſit, & explicatur eius cognitio per accidens. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>COMMODVM verò dicendorum exordium inde ſumetur, vt ex pręcepto dialectico ſta<lb></lb>tuamus an'ne ſit motus. </s> <s>hoc enim ex ijs quæ ſiue prænoſcenda, ſeu quærenda occurrunt, <pb pagenum="122"></pb>primum ſeſe offert, & niſi ante alia conſtituatur, fruſtra cætera quærentur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg986"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum eſſe ſcire contingit bifariam; primum quidem ex euento & per accidens, vbi ſcilicet ſenſu <expan abbr="cõ-ſtet">con<lb></lb>ſtet</expan>, atque inductione confirmetur: quo pacto nota ſtatuuntur ſtrata cuiuſque methodi, vt inde <lb></lb>reliqua de illis, tanquam nobis omnium maximè perſpicuis oſtendi queant, tale enim eſt ſubie<lb></lb>ctum & ſtratum, quod ſtatuitur eſſe in quaque ſcientia, vt fit manifeſtiſsimum, non quidem na<lb></lb>tura, ſed nobis: vſque adeò, vt etiam ſuperet axiomata in eo genere cognitionis; neque enim ſine <lb></lb>ſubiecto concipi poſſunt, & ita vſurpantur, vt ad certum genus contrahenda ſint. </s> <s>Deinde verò <lb></lb>contingit ſcire motum eſſe etiam per ſe; hoc autem euenit, vbi confecta definitione in ipſius rei <lb></lb>cauſsis rem eſſe nouimus, velut in interuentu terræ labores Lunæ ea methodo quam Græci <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> <lb></lb>circulum, noſtri veror regreſſum. </s> <s>Sed quoniam neceſſe eſt, vt res ipſa per accidens noteſcat priuſ<lb></lb>quam per definitionem; ita & motum ſe habere aſſeueramus, vt de eo, quòd ipſe ſit aliquid, nul<lb></lb>la poſsit eſſe dubitatio, niſi planè ſenſu careamus: nec vllus vnquam fuerit, aut admodum pauci, <lb></lb>qui motum expulerint è theatro Naturæ; ac præter eos, qui vnum id quod eſſet, ponebant, atque <lb></lb>illud quidem immobile; Parmenidem, inquam, & Meliſſum, <expan abbr="eorumq́ue">eorumque</expan> ſectatorem Zenonem <lb></lb>(ſi Hippocrati, Ariſtoteli, <expan abbr="Galenoq́">Galenoque</expan>. </s> <s>credere dignum eſt) quos ob id è numero naturalium philo<lb></lb>ſophorum ex punctos fuiſſe ſcimus, qui etiam non omnino motum euertebant; ſed ab eo quod <lb></lb>eſſet, quod verum appellabant, in eo quod dicebant ſecundum opinionem principia ponentes af<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg987"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fectionis calidum & frigidum; omnes ita compertum habent eſſe motum, vt illo tanquam ſenſus <lb></lb>ope notiſsimo, & per inductionem conſtituto principio noſtrę cognitionis in intima ſcientiarum <lb></lb>penetralia nos manuducant. </s> <s>Nullus etiam eſt animi noſtri habitus ad quem quoquo pacto non <lb></lb>pertineat motus: nam mitto nunc artes illas quas effectrices appellant quæ cùm relinquere de<lb></lb>beant poſt operam aliquod opus, exercentur omnes per motum: practicæ item quæ ſolum ſe ha<lb></lb>bent in operam, nil ab actione relinquentes in extranea materia, ſunt & ipſæ quidam motus: at<lb></lb>que ita denique peruagatur, vt <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γίνεστι</foreign>, ideſt fieri, quæ ſpecies eſt quędam motionis ab <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>exiliſsima arte Analytica receptum fuerit; neque minus fortaſſe rarò vſurpatur à mathematicis, <lb></lb>quanuis immobilia pertractent, dum problematicè res mathematicas expediunt: ſic etiam dum <lb></lb>ex fluxu puncti lineam ſtatuunt, aut ex conuerſione quadranguli cylindrum; proinde, inquit, <lb></lb>Ariſtot. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">οἱ δέ μαθηματικοὶ <expan abbr="plattousi+">πλάττουσι</expan> τὸ γινεσθαι</foreign>. </s> <s>Quin & ipſæ ſcientiæ, quarum numerus eſt in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg988"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>veri perſpicientia verſari, vel vtuntur motu, vel ſaltem aliquam ipſius ſpeciem pręſeferunt; dum <lb></lb>aut via motus principiorum notitiam ſibi parant, aut tractant motum, aut ſeparant à motu, aut <lb></lb>demum procedentes à noto ad ignotum, quod fit cogitando, aut vero falſum commutantes mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg989"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum experiuntur; hoc quidem omnibus ſcientiis commune eſt. </s> <s>Illud etiam primum, quandò <lb></lb>nulli ſcientię negatus eſt vſus ſenſus & fabrica inductionis, cuius ſtratum eſt materies ipſa ſenſilis <lb></lb>in qua motus ineſt, vt ab ea ſeparari non poſsit, vt neque etiam in illa animi opera quæ rudior <lb></lb>eſt; abſtrahi queat à motu, & à proprietatibus quæ ſibi ſunt affixæ. </s> <s>Proinde omnis inductio eſt <lb></lb>de rebus phyſicis: & quanquam altior aliquantò eſt opera mentis illius quæ tractat res mathema<lb></lb>ticas, atque diuinas, veruntamen origine poſterior; flagitat tamen quacunque ratione motum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare cùm Geometer oſtendere vult angulum externum trianguli æquum eſſe internis, aut li<lb></lb>neam pedalem; deſcribit in abaco notas quæ lineas imitentur; & lineæ imaginem quandam ex<lb></lb>ponit, imago <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ſenſilis eſt. </s> <s>ita ſenſum adhibet, & vtitur motu. </s> <s>Tale declarandi genus <foreign lang="grc"><expan abbr="e)xqesi\s">ἔκθεσισ</expan></foreign>, <lb></lb>ideſt expoſitio vocata eſt, non diſsimile ab inductione naturali; niſi quòd id quod eſt hic ſenſile, <lb></lb>accipitur vt nota quædam quæ res ipſa eſt in phyſicis. </s> <s>Mathematicæ igitur atque diuina, licet <lb></lb>verſentur in rebus quæ ſeiunguntur à motu; tamen eas aliter ferè concipere nequeunt. </s> <s>quàm <lb></lb>per motus priuationem. </s> <s>Sic pertentat motus omnes ſcientias. </s> <s>Sed hæc fortaſſe plura quàm po<lb></lb>ſtulet hic locus. </s> <s>Vnum illud nobis modò conſtitutum ſit; quia tam latè pateat motus, & à nulla <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg990"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re ſenſili ſeiungatur; omnium rerum quæ nobis occurrunt, eſſe notiſsimum. </s> <s>Quanuis autem na<lb></lb>tura comparatum ſit, vt priuatio ſit ignotior habitu, quies autem, ſi non omnis, at illa quæ ſecun<lb></lb>dum naturam eſt, ſit tanquam habitus, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>priuatio motus; quippe quòd ea ſit natura prior, <lb></lb>ac perfectior, cùm motus omnis dirigatur in quietem, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>gratia ſit inſtitutus; attamen illa no<lb></lb>tior eſt motu eo genere cognitionis quod eſt ſecundum naturam, at nos de notitia motus hîc <lb></lb>agimus quo ad nos: qua certè motus ſuperat quietem, ſpeciem imprimens efficaciorem ſenſibus <lb></lb>noſtris, dum propter natiuam ſucceſsionem, aut nouas res obiectas, aut antiquas nouis modis <lb></lb>aſsiduè ponit ante oculos. </s> <s>Idcirco motus in ea cognitione quę ſpectat ad nos, tanquam habitus <lb></lb>exiſtimandus eſt, quies autem vt priuatio. </s> <s>Quapropter motum, non autem quietem ſcientiæ & <lb></lb>artes vſurpare ſolent. </s> <s>Neque illud obſtat, quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quies ſit naturalis; quippe quae natura ſit quo<lb></lb>que quietis origo non minus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> magis ſic naturalis eſt motus; quia magis adiuitat <expan abbr="me-thodũ">me<lb></lb>thodum</expan> de natura, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> methodus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo res ex ordine tractat, <expan abbr="verumetiã">verumetiam</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodat">accommodat</expan> <expan abbr="ad-diſcentiũ">ad<lb></lb>diſcentium</expan> mentes, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam minus <expan abbr="corrũpit">corrumpit</expan> <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ille quid emit à <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <lb></lb>naturali quietem, vt fecit Heraclitus <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> is qui tollit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quod <expan abbr="fecerũt">fecerunt</expan> Parmenides & Meliſſus. </s> <s><pb pagenum="123"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg991"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg986"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg987"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg988"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>nat. </s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg989"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg990"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg991"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Eadem methodo motum naturalem eſſe demonſtratur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CÆTERVM vt perſpicuum eſt motum eſſe, ita dubitatum fuit ab antiquis philoſophis <lb></lb>eſſe motum quempiam naturalem; quare etiam, poſtquam viſum eſt hactenus eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <lb></lb>eodem exemplo diſſeramus de motu naturali, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>potiſsimum, quod ipſius cauſſæ præcipuè no<lb></lb>bis indagandæ ſunt; ita enim poſtulat bene inſtituta methodus in qua ſemper exordiendum eſt <lb></lb>à notioribus nobis: huiuſmodi autem eſt motus naturalis, ſi cum cæteris conferatur. </s> <s>Et quan<lb></lb>quam id eadem via conſtare poteſt qua monſtrauimus eſſe motum ſimpliciter: nanque & eui<lb></lb>dens eſt aliqua ſuopte impulſu moueri, ſiue ad locum, ſiue etiam ad quantum, aut quale; nan<lb></lb>que eò pertinaciter vergunt, quò concitantur, nec ab eo ſeſe continere poſſunt, & ex eiuſmodi <lb></lb>progreſſu perficiuntur, neque violentiam vllam adhibet motor ad id, vt ea propellat, quod qui<lb></lb>dem naturalem motum, à non naturali ſeiungit, & id ſine aliqua probatione ſumpſit ſæpiſsimè <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quaſi nobis perſpicuum ſit: interturbant tamen nos antiqui philoſophi Democri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg992"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus & Empedocles qui tametſi motum agnouerunt, & conceſſere quietem; nihilominus quietis, <lb></lb>& motus quę nos naturalia facimus, talia principia ſtatuerunt quę longiſsimè diſtarent à natura, <lb></lb>vnde motus hic naturalis appellatur, vt vim & caſum: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles in illos inuehitur, & <lb></lb>inanem illam opinionem funditus tollit, ac monſtrat eſſe motum naturalem, licet dubium ſit de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg993"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>progreſſu Ariſtotelico, quantum pertinet ad huiuſmodi theorema nonnullis exiſtimantibus hoc <lb></lb>bis ab Ariſtotele fuiſſe tractatum, cum 1. tum etiam 3. de cœlo, atque item à priori, vt aiunt, <lb></lb>& ex cauſſa fuiſſe concluſum. </s> <s>Quanuis etiam non mediocrem ſcrupulum per ſeipſum inij<lb></lb>cere debebat, quòd concluſum aliquando fuiſſet in phyſica methodo, cùm ſit racio & forma ſtra<lb></lb>ti phyſici; ita vt magnam efficere poſſet admirationem in Ariſtotele, ne fortè ſuum teneret inſti<lb></lb>tutum, niſi diceremus, aut ipſum obliquè concludi, vt ita dicam, quia ſcilicet diluamus rationes <lb></lb>contra ipſum allatas, aut per redargutionem, licet enim vtroque modo exagitare illos qui prin<lb></lb>cipia ſcientiarum oppugnant, & dialecticè diſputationem inire, & ad obiecta reſpondere, modò <lb></lb>ex eiuſdem ſcientiæ principiis originem trahant; aut etiam ſi oſtendatur eſſe coniunctum, non <lb></lb>autem ſeparatum. </s> <s>verbigratia, quando conſidero motum naturalem, ipſum bipartitò concipere <lb></lb>poſſum; ſimpliciter quidem, & vt ſeparatum, veluti aſcenſum ignis qui ſanè naturalis eſt, ſed non <lb></lb>conſidero ipſum cum hoc attributo. </s> <s>poſſum etiam conſiderare motum illum ipſum, quatenus <lb></lb>eſt naturalis; ac priore quidem modo dubium non eſt motum à phyſico non poſſe tractari. </s> <s>quid <lb></lb>enim aſſumeret quod ipſo notius eſſet? </s> <s>cur etiam non periclitaretur, ne fortè ſtratum ſibi conſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg994"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret quod ſine vlla ambiguitate ponendum eſt? </s> <s>tanto minus exiſtimandum eſt motum naturalem <lb></lb>à priori poſſe monſtrari: reſtat igitur, vt ſolum coniunctum concludi queat, & ita etiam dicimus <lb></lb>1. Phyſic. </s> <s>concluſum fuiſſe, non quidem eſſe principia ſeparatè, nec materiam, aut formam eſſe <lb></lb>ſeorſum, ſed totum hoc, materiam & formam eſſe principia. </s> <s>Sed veniamus ad ipſum <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <lb></lb>qui illo nomine vexat antiquos, quòd varia motionum principia ponant, atque diuerſas à natu<lb></lb>ra cauſſas reddant motus & quietis quam nos dicimus naturalem: hi quidem aut quietis terræ <lb></lb>motum cœleſtem cauſſam facientes, aut infinitas radices quibus ipſa innitatur, aut reliquorum: <lb></lb>corporum auctorem caſum & fortunam, vel etiam animum mundi, & omnino cauſſas præter <lb></lb>naturam & per accidens. </s> <s>Ideò & particulatim & vniuersè huiuſmodi ſententiæ confuratæ ſunt <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Quoniam verò de hiſce cauſsis aliàs agendum eſt ſigillatim, de ipſis generatim <lb></lb>nunc pauca quædam diſſeramus, & quantum ſufficit ad id cognoſcendum, quòd ſit motus qui<lb></lb>dam editus à natura. </s> <s>Etenim ſi eſt cauſſa præter naturam, aut per accidens, etiam neceſſe eſt ali<lb></lb>quam eſſe cauſſam per ſe & naturam, præterquam ea ſit cauſſa quæ præter naturam nuncupatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita cùm caſus & fortuna ſint errores naturæ, etiam naturam præceſsiſſe oportet à qua excidat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg995"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>agens id quod agendo peccat: atque hoc tantò credibilius eſt, quantò etiam res omnes ad id quod <lb></lb>præſtabilius eſt, ab agente certo dirigi, & per ſeipſas tendere videbuntur. </s> <s>Nam & id quod mouet <lb></lb>per ſe, bonum appetit quod alij communicet, & quod per ſe mouetur bonum ſibi ipſi cupit: <lb></lb>hoc autem eſt natura quæ perpetuum ordinem obſeruat, niſi quippiam obſtet, vel extrinſecum <lb></lb>quod naturæ curſum impediat, vel materia quæ non poſsit capere tantam perfectionem, quan<lb></lb>tam ipſa forma, ſiue agens tribuere poſſet: ex quo conſtituitur ab ordine: atque adeò, vt ordo <lb></lb>rerum ſit natura ipſa: <expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> ſit cauſſa motuum quorundam qui naturales ab ipſa dicantur: ex <lb></lb>quibus concluditur eſſe motum naturalem, quia ſit cauſſa quædam illius motus quem <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> <lb></lb>vocamus. </s> <s>ea verò cauſſa vocetur natura. </s> <s>Sed etiam multò ante ſic argumentatus fuerat Ariſto<lb></lb>teles auctoribus. </s> <s>quibuſdam. </s> <s>Natura eſt principium & origo motus, & ſtatus eius in quo eſt per <lb></lb>ſe. </s> <s>Corpora naturalia naturam habent, Ergo habent principium motus per ſe qui cùm ſit à na<lb></lb>tura; iure optimo erit naturalis: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſigno probetur id quod propoſitum eſt, quòd vtitur Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles particula quæ notat cauſſæ redditionem. </s> <s>Vnde ex his atque aliis huiuſmodi perſuaderi <lb></lb>poſsit quiſpiam ab Ariſtotele concluſum fuiſſe, motum naturalem eſſe qui eſt ſcopus methodi <lb></lb>naturalis: neque id ſolùm communiter, verumetiam à priori & ex cauſſa, poſtquam ordinis <pb pagenum="124"></pb>cauſſa, & principium motus intrinſecum in mobilibus eſſe conſtat quod vocamus naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg996"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Verumenimuero, ſi diligentius hæc omnia perſpiciamus, aut videbimus coniunctum fuiſſe con<lb></lb>cluſum, nimirum motum quendam eſſe naturalem, ita vt verbum illud, eſſe, ſit apprædicatum, <lb></lb>non autem ſeparatum, vt ſcilicet motus naturalis materiæ ſubiectæ locum in propoſitione reti<lb></lb>neat, & eſſe ſit prædicatum, aut etiam tale orationum genus in dialecticis facile numerabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quantum eſt de primo illo rationum ductu qui petitur &egrave 3. de cœlo, cuius perſpicuum eſſe <lb></lb>poteſt effici coniunctum, non autem ſeparatum. </s> <s>Quod verò pertinet ad poſterius argumen<lb></lb>tum quod legitur in 1. de cœlo, facit; quominus ego credam nihil in illo explicari quod ſit na<lb></lb>tura prius, aut notius quàm id quod <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> in concluſione fuit. </s> <s>Natura enim à nobis intelligitur <lb></lb>ex principio motus, & per motum declaratur, & agnoſcitur in iis quæ habent hunc motum per <lb></lb>ſe, quemadmodum ſuprà diximus. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd Ariſtoteles adſcribit vocem illam <lb></lb>(aimus) vt reddere cenſeatur rationem potius eius, quòd dixerit corpora naturalia eſſe per ſe <lb></lb>mobilia, quoniam per ſe mobile idem eſt quod naturale. </s> <s>Nam quicquid eſt per ſe mobile, ha<lb></lb>bet principium motus, & quia naturale habet naturam, hæc verò eſt principium motus; idcirco <lb></lb>per ſe mobile eſt naturale. </s> <s>Ac ſi conferantur hæc ſecum, per ſe mobile, & naturale; per ſe mobile <lb></lb>prius eſt & notius quam naturale: quamobrem accipitur in definitione naturæ, quòd proximè <lb></lb>ſignificatur à per ſe mobili principium motus per ſe quod eſt ipſa natura. </s> <s>Atque corpora natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg997"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ralia eſſe per ſe mobilia, id quod accipit in eo loco Philoſophus, ita notum eſt, vt vſurpetur, ab <lb></lb>eodem ad perſuadendam naturę definitionem. </s> <s>Et ita creditum hoc fundamentum in tota phy<lb></lb>ſiologia teſtatur ibi Simplicius, vt tanquam à priore natura, <expan abbr="ſimulq́">ſimulque</expan>. </s> <s>notiore nobis ea concludan<lb></lb>tur quæ deinceps à philoſopho in illa methodo afferuntur. </s> <s>Nil enim motu notius eſt, & nil prius <lb></lb>quàm ipſius principium. </s> <s>Et quanquam adeſt particula quæ notat cauſſam, dicimus eam vſur<lb></lb>pari tantum pro cauſſa illationis, vt alibi frequentius, & ex illa duci quoddam argumentum à <lb></lb>caſibus & coniugatis, ex quo intelligamus idem eſſe per ſe mobile & naturale. </s> <s>Quamobrem, <lb></lb>vt multa conferamus in vnum; motus naturalis qui futurus eſt materia noſtræ tractationis, at<lb></lb>que idem phyſicæ methodi ſubiectum eſt, quia ſcilicet rei tractandæ ratio, nullo certè modo de<lb></lb>monſtrabitur, ſed eſſe comperietur ſenſu & inductione. </s> <s>Atque ita ex Ariſt. </s> <s>præcepto ſtatuetur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg992"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T: 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg993"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg994"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg995"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg996"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg997"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tractatur alterum genus cognitionis quod eſt per ſe, & docetur, vt illi motus ſubijci poſſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DE cognitione illa motus quam per accidens appellamus, ſatis anteà dictum eſt. </s> <s>veniendum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg998"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſet nunc ad alteram eius cognitionem quæ per ſe eſt, & ex definitione comparatur, vt <lb></lb>nihil in hac methodo cui propoſitus eſt motus, certius quàm ille teneretur. </s> <s>Sed illud vnum <lb></lb>difficultatem nobis affert, quo pacto motus notior ex ſua definitione reddatur. </s> <s>Itaque hoc præ<lb></lb>ſenti capite peragetur: Cauſſa verò quæſtionis eſt, quandoquidem ex iis, quæ ſunt nota nobis, <lb></lb>quædam, & ſi perſpicua ſunt, tamen prætereà per cauſſas ſuas, quæ per demonſtrationem, aut <lb></lb>definitionem explicantur, certius poſsidentur; velut eclypſis Lunæ quæ quidem ſenſui conſtat, <lb></lb>& noſcitur à nobis; ſed tum præclarè cognoſcimus eſſe eclypſin, cùm intelleximus eam ab in<lb></lb>teruentu terræ proficiſci, ſed enim longè ſecus ſe habent calor & frigus; quandò ſunt ita nobis <lb></lb>perſpicua, vt ſiquis illis aliquam lucem afferre conetur, nihilo plus agat quàm ſi facem in Sole <lb></lb>accendens, excutere velit tenebras; & vt Quintiliani verbis vtar, tam ſit ſtultum quàm in clariſ<lb></lb>ſimum Solem mortale lumen inferre. </s> <s>inter hæc eſt motus, vt eius definitio nullum in hac cogni<lb></lb>tione lumen allatura videatur. </s> <s>Vanum'ne ergo eſt officium definitionis? </s> <s>abſit. </s> <s>Proptereà diſtin<lb></lb>guendum de illis eſt quæ nobis nota ſunt, bipartitò. </s> <s>aut enim cauſſas habent, aut ipſis vacant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vbi cauſſa vacent; præter id quòd ſemper & vbique rem ſic ſe habere experimur, & quod olim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg999"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nuperúe extitit, nunc etiam eſt; ex quo facile creditur. </s> <s>Ita vnum ex altero aptum <expan abbr="nexumq́">nexumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt, <lb></lb>vt altero poſito alterum conſequi & exiſtere videatur, & vnum in altero, conſequens in antece<lb></lb>dente quodammodo elucere, aut ſeſe viciſsim inferre, vt pater & filius, totum & pars quæ in<lb></lb>ter ſe ponunt, & ita cohærent, vt alterum in altero planè cognoſcatur; nec vlla oppoſiti ſuſpicio <lb></lb>de tali copulatione nobis inceſſat. </s> <s>hîc ſolus ſenſus plenam præſtat cognitionem, quòd ſint, nec <lb></lb>vlla cauſſa ratioúe flagitatur, ideſt, mens nullam aliam machinam requirit, quàm ſenſum, <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>inductione contenta eſt. </s> <s>Talis eſt notitia <expan abbr="fidesq́ue">fidesque</expan> profatorum. </s> <s>Itaque optimè ad hæc adhibetur <lb></lb>genus illud inductionis, quod <expan abbr="demõſtratiuũ">demonſtratiuum</expan> dicitur, quod à dialectico præter cætera differt, quia <lb></lb>continet ea quę arctiſsimo eſſentiæ vinculo connexa & <expan abbr="cõſtricta">conſtricta</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>Vbi cauſſas habeant, ea <expan abbr="cõ-ſtant">con<lb></lb>ſtant</expan> ex duplici natura: altera quidem ſenſili, per quam vel olim fuere, vel nunc exiſtunt, & cer<lb></lb>to quodam tempore locoúe <expan abbr="cõtinentur">continentur</expan>, atque altera, per quam ſunt in vniuerſitate rerum, illius <lb></lb>ſenſus iudex eſt certiſsimus, vt facultas alia nulla poſtuletur quę de ipſa iudicium ferre poſsit, <lb></lb>dummodo ſecundum naturam ſe habeat & cętera quæ requiruntur ritè ſint affecta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Veruntamẽ">Veruntamen</expan> <lb></lb>id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſatis eſt ad firmam <expan abbr="ſtabilemq́">ſtabilemque</expan>. </s> <s>notitiam propagandam, quia ſiue ex obſeruationum defectu, <pb pagenum="125"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1000"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeu quòd res ipſa ſit reconditior, & hæſitamus in eo quod appareat, & dubitamus adhuc, an res <lb></lb>ita perpetuò ſe habeat, an potius ex euento. </s> <s>huc non peruenit ſenſus; ſed eget auxilio rationis ita <lb></lb>rem euoluentis, vt eius cauſſas, vel per demonſtrationem patefaciat, vel definitione ſignificet, in <lb></lb>earum verò ſignificatione ſcientia quæ conſtans eſt & certa cognitio poſita eſt. </s> <s>Verùm fac rem <lb></lb>ſic vrgere ſenſum, vt nil tenacius hæreat, quod de calore & frigore confitemur, atque item va<lb></lb>let in motu, ſenſus oſtendit hæc eſſe planè, vt nihil vltra depoſcat animus ad id credendum, <lb></lb>quod ipſe repręſentauit. </s> <s>Sed cùm pars inſit in re quę declinat impetum ſenſuum, opem defini<lb></lb>tionis implorandum eſt, cuius beneficio noteſcat. </s> <s>Quòd ſi definitio tunc acceſſerit, non pro<lb></lb>ptereà redundat, aut vim ſenſus obſcurat, ſiue inanem efficit: ſed vtrique in ſuo ipſorum officio <lb></lb>manent, neque enim definitio certiores nos reddit, quòd ſit res eo modo quo rem eſſe nobis ſen<lb></lb>ſus indicauit, neque magis quàm fecerit ſenſus: ſed illud efficit ſolùm, vt alter ille modus quo <lb></lb>res eſt ſimpliciter, qui ſub mentem cadit, nec ſenſui ſeſe obiicit, & ob id ignotus eſt, planus <expan abbr="per-ſpicuusq́">per<lb></lb>ſpicuusque</expan>. </s> <s>reddatur. </s> <s>Et illud eſt quod ex hypotheſi manifeſtum dicimus eſſe motum: ita enim <lb></lb>manifeſtus eſt, vt etiam definitione declarari poſsit, & confirmari demonſtratione. </s> <s>nam ſenſui <lb></lb>quidem perſpicuus eſt, per ſe verò ignotus. </s> <s>& ea eſt illius euidentia quæ valeat quidem ad me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1001"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>thodum naturalem dirigendam; ſed ad plenam rei notitiam non ſit ſatis. </s> <s>quippe quòd tum ex<lb></lb>actè noſcatur, vbi ſpeciatim per proprium ſubiectum, per ſuas cauſſas, & ſub certa conditione <lb></lb>percipitur. </s> <s>Ex motu cognoſcimus eſſe naturam, ſed cum & motus & natura, quantum eſt de <lb></lb>rudi hac & inchoata notitia quæ per accidens eſt, ſatis perſpecta ſint, accuratam eorum tracta<lb></lb>tionem methodus phyſica poſtulat quam his commentariis inſtituimus. </s> <s>huc igitur mox oratio <lb></lb>noſtra conuertetur: nam de munere methodi naturalis abundè tractatum eſſe arbitramur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg998"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg999"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1000"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1001"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS LIBRI PRIMI.</s></p> <pb pagenum="126"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI </s></p> <p type="main"> <s>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV <lb></lb>LIBER SECVNDVS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MATERIA, ET EO QVOD EFFICIT MOTVM.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diuiditur ens in actum, & poteſtatem, vt in motus definitione ſumitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS illa conſtituta ſunt quibus ea pars phyſicæ metho<lb></lb>di comprehenditur quæ continet modum ſciendi, <foreign lang="grc">τρόπον ἐπιστὴ<lb></lb>μνς</foreign> vocat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Nanque eius principia more mathematico <lb></lb>poſita ſunt; dictum quoque eſt quibus terminis definiatur, qua <lb></lb>via, quoúe ordine tractetur; expoſitum eſt item quid diſcriminis, <lb></lb>affinitatisúe habeat cum reliquis methodis: & veterum ſententiis <lb></lb>breuiter confutatis motus auxilio ſenſus acceptus, ad cuius natu<lb></lb>ram hic omnia forent exploranda; & eius <expan abbr="rerumq́ue">rerumque</expan> naturalium <lb></lb>prima principia præmonſtrante Ariſtotele ſumpta materia nimi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1002"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum, forma & priuatio, quæ nos omnia, veluti fundamenta pro<lb></lb>poſuimus quibus vniuerſa hæc de motu diſceptatio niteretur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare conſequens eſt, vt mox ad euoluenda motus elementa conuertamur; huius verò inſtituti <lb></lb>ratio poſita erit in quatuor partibus. </s> <s>Nam primo loco motus ipſe per ſe ſpectabitur. </s> <s>Deinde ex<lb></lb>plicabitur quemadmodum pendeat ex ſuis principiis materia primum & efficiente. </s> <s>ex his, vt <lb></lb>aptus ſit ex forma & fine. </s> <s>Mox ea quæ de motu generatim diſputata fuerant, in ſuas partes <expan abbr="ſpe-ciesq́">ſpe<lb></lb>ciesque</expan>. </s> <s>digerenda. </s> <s>In quo item præceptorem noſtrum conabimur imitari qui in ijs explanandis <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ad vnum, iubet etiam nos perſequi ſpecies nec tractationi communis acquieſcere, quæ <lb></lb>ſic exponentur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt ordini naturæ quantum licuit, conſultum fuiſſe videatur. </s> <s>Ab ipſius verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1003"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus definitione exordium ducere conſtituimus. </s> <s>Nam, præterquam quòd motum eſſe certiſ<lb></lb>ſimè conſtabit: cùm intellectum quoque fuerit, quid eſt illud de quo diſſerendum eſt; tùm op<lb></lb>portunè poterunt expediri difficultates quibus natura motus, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>attributorum implicita eſt <lb></lb>quæ propemodum infinitæ ſunt: tùm etiam quia non ſine motu vis naturæ probè teneatur, eo <lb></lb>luculenter explicato natura ipſa prorſus patefiet, in qua item illa clariſsimè apparebunt quę na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1004"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura conſtant, quorum notitiam quærimus; hæc enim prima ſeſe nobis offerunt pellentia ſenſus, <lb></lb>& ſui cognitionis cupidinem nobis incutiunt quam adepta <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> cognitione paramus, cauſſæ <lb></lb>verò ſunt ipſa natura. </s> <s>Quòd igitur ea quæ naturam habent, non ſine cognitione naturæ conſe<lb></lb>quimur; natura autem motu non perſpecto ignoratur: ab eius definitione principium tracta<lb></lb>tionis noſtræ capietur. </s> <s>Ita verò definitur motus. </s> <s>Actus eius quod eſt poteſtate, quatenus pote<lb></lb>ſtate, quę ſanè oratione, maiore qua fieri potuit, breuitate natura & eſſentia motus explanata eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed hoc patebit melius, ſi particulæ quę poſitæ ſunt in ea definitione dilucidentur. </s> <s>Poſtulant ve<lb></lb>rò antè alia generalem partitionem eorum quę ſunt; ea verò fit pluribus modis: etenim quando<lb></lb>que diſtribuuntur in figuras dictionis, & decem prædicamenta; in vnum & multa, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>generis <lb></lb>eiuſdem; necnon in poteſtatem & actum; ea methodo (ni fallor) quod ſecatur in res, aut <expan abbr="accidẽ-tia">acciden<lb></lb>tia</expan>, vel modos: & in res quidem, vel ſecundum naturam, vel quo ad nos nobis notiores ſunt fi<lb></lb>guræ dictionis. </s> <s>Illa entis diuiſio, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>prior quæ fit in res, quippe quòd accidens & modus acce<lb></lb>dant rebus & ſint & re & cogitatione poſteriora: alicuius enim rei modus eſt; & accidens accidit <lb></lb>alicui, ſed & earum prima, quæ fit in actum, & poteſtatem; quando hæc ſunt generalia principia <pb pagenum="127"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1005"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cuiuſque prædicamenti. </s> <s>hanc nos in præſentia perſequemur. </s> <s>Sed quemadmodum ea facien<lb></lb>da ſit, licet ab Ariſtotele indicetur, non facile eſt explicare propter varietatem ſcripturæ quæ <lb></lb>item teſte Simplicio perpetuò vexat tertium phyſ. </s> <s>Videntur enim tres lectiones obſeruatæ ab an<lb></lb>tiquis interpretibus. </s> <s>Prima quidem quæ ſic habet. </s> <s>Eſt aliquid quod eſt actu ſolùm (eſt verò actu <lb></lb>quod eſt nunc id quod eſt, vt ego qui nunc ſcribo) alterum quod poteſtate. </s> <s>hoc verò tale eſt: <lb></lb>quoniam etſi tum non eſt, erit fortè aliàs, vt quòd ego qui nunc ſum niger, aliquando ſim canus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde repetito eo quod eſt, ſecundam eius diſtributionem fieri in ſubſtantiam, quantum, qua<lb></lb>le & reliqua; quæ certè, etſi rei naturæ conuenire prima facie videtur, tamen è verbis Græcis ex<lb></lb>primi non poteſt. </s> <s>Siquidem vbi partes alicuius communis inter ſe confundantur <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> repetitio ſin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1006"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gularum oppoſitionum per quas illud commune ſecatur, à communi facienda eſt. </s> <s>veluti quo<lb></lb>niam ex mortalibus quædam ratione vtuntur, nonnulla ſunt rationis expertia; atque ex ratione <lb></lb>vtentibus aliqua mortalia ſunt, & alia perpetuò viuunt: idcircò non licet ita diuidere animal aut <lb></lb>mortale eſt, aut immortale. </s> <s>rurſus mortale aut ratione vtitur, aut caret. </s> <s>Neque etiam ſic animal <lb></lb>ratione vtitur aut caret. </s> <s>Deinde ratione vtens, aut eſt mortale, aut immortale: ſed bis animal re<lb></lb>petere oportet; & bis diuidere per vtranque oppoſitionem; & bis ab eodem capite ſingularum <lb></lb>oppoſitionum membra arceſſere hoc modo. </s> <s>Animal aut ratione vtitur, aut caret. </s> <s>Iterum idem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1007"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animal aut mortale eſt, aut immortale. </s> <s>aliter generum diuerſorum & quorum vnum alteri genus <lb></lb>non eſt ſpecies & differentiæ forent eædem contra præcepta dialectica. </s> <s>ſic in re noſtra factum eſ<lb></lb>ſet, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>cum rerum natura fortè congruenter; ſed tamen, vti dictum eſt, è verbis Græcis elici <lb></lb>non poteſt ea diſtributio. </s> <s>Nanque apud interprætes Græcos, Alexandrum, Themiſtium, & Sim<lb></lb>plicium ſic ſcriptum comperimus. [Hoc eſt actu ſolum, illud poteſtate & actu] quibus verbis <lb></lb>diſtinguitur primo loco id quod actu ſolum eſt, ab eo quod ſimul eſt poteſtate & actu. </s> <s>Deinceps <lb></lb>membri poſterioris partitio ſubſequitur in ſubſtantiam, quantum, quale, & reliqua genera com<lb></lb>muniſsima. </s> <s>Apud Porphyrium verò ſic legitur. [Hoc eſt actu ſolùm, illud poteſtate] facta pri<lb></lb>mùm diuiſione bimembri, deinde [& actu] quo diuidatur id quod eſt actu in ſubſtantiam, quan<lb></lb>tum, quale, & quæ ſequuntur. </s> <s>In quibuſdam verò codicibus parùm differenter al<gap></gap> ſecunda, <lb></lb>dimiſſa illa particula [& actu;] veruntamen, vt eiuſdem poſterior diuiſio facta ſit, cuius facta eſt <lb></lb>apud Porphyrium. </s> <s>Cæterùm in primam illam lectionem inuehebatur Porphyrius; quia ſic di<lb></lb>uideretur ſolùm in decem cathegorias id quod eſt actu, aut compoſitum ex actu & poteſtate: & <lb></lb>tamen non negat Ariſtoteles id etiam quod eſt poteſtate pertinere ad decem prædicamenta. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1008"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Contra Porphyrium Simplicius, quia redundaret ea vox ſolùm. </s> <s>quandò non modo id quod eſt <lb></lb>actu, diſiungitur ab eo quod eſt vtroque modo, verùm etiam id quod eſt poteſtate. </s> <s>Necnon ad<lb></lb>uerſus illam tertiam lectionem facit imparilitas ſtructuræ. </s> <s>Nam ſecunda diuiſio in decem præ<lb></lb>dicamenta præcipuè redundat in actum, mox in poteſtatem. </s> <s>Poteſt quoque Simplicius oppu<lb></lb>gnari eo quòd illa quę actu ſolum exiſtunt, non ſunt actu propriè, ſed actus. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>quod ſit actu ſolùm beatis mentibus aut ad ſummum cęlo exceptis, de quibus agendum hoc <expan abbr="tẽ-pore">ten<lb></lb>pore</expan> non videbatur: quoniam ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ à materia nondum ex vi noſtræ ex vi noſtræ methodi no<lb></lb>tuerunt, vt pro compertis aſſumi debeant; aut non ſine præfatione loci, aut methodi in qua res <lb></lb>illa tractata ſit, accipi; & denique non citra hypotheſin, quemadmodum ſemel atque iterum de <lb></lb>eodem genere formarum & de actu & poteſtate factum eſt 1. Phyſ. Neque item cęlum. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>etſi datur ipſum eſſe ſubſtantiam actu. (nihil enim, opinor, abſurdi conſequitur; ſi in genere ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ corporeæ ſtatuatur actus) at poteſtatem habet ad locum. </s> <s>Erit igitur cœlum ex his quæ <lb></lb>ſunt actu & poteſtate ſimul. </s> <s>præterquam quòd dubium adhuc eſt in hac methodo, ſit'ne <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> <lb></lb>cęlum, an aliquando interiturum, & ex motu & repugnantia probandum. </s> <s>Quamobrem inanis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1009"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>demonſtratio foret remeans in ſeipſam; quæ ſanè, cùm perturbent & methodum & ſententias <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis, veterum viam libenter relinquimus, & aliam quæ multò planior futura ſit, ingredi <lb></lb>conſtituimus. </s> <s>Nos igitur Alexandri lectione recepta longè alio pacto, quàm vulgò conſuerit, in<lb></lb>terprętanda exiſtimamus hæc verba. </s> <s>Scire ergo licet ens & actum & poteſtatem pluribus modis <lb></lb>accipi: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam recipere varias partitiones. </s> <s>Etenim accipitur ens communiſsimè & ita <lb></lb>complectitur eſſentiam & eſſe quod Græci dixere <foreign lang="grc">τὁ ὑπάρχεν</foreign>, cuicuimodi illa fuerint, vel in <lb></lb>materia, vel à materia ſeparata, vel ſubſtantiæ, vel accidentia, omnibus enim hiſce analogicè con<lb></lb>ueniunt eſſe & eſſentia. </s> <s>& ſic acceptum diſtribuitur in tot parteis, actum, poteſtatem & compoſi<lb></lb>tum ex actu & poteſtate; quæ ſanè omnia inter ſe ratione & eſſentia <expan abbr="ſeparãtur">ſeparantur</expan>. </s> <s>Nanque eſt actus <lb></lb>quidam ab omni poteſtate ſecretus, niſi poteſtatem ambiguè dixeris; cuiuſmodi Deus ipſe eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eſt & ex altera parte poteſtas ab omni actu diſiuncta, niſi actum quendam entitatiuum ipſi tri<lb></lb>buamus de quo poſteà diſſeretur. </s> <s>ſed nos hîc accipimus eum qui conſequitur formam. </s> <s>diſiun<lb></lb>cta verò ſic; non quia ſine omni actu ſimpliciter exiſtat: ſemper enim eſt cum altero è contrariis, <lb></lb>ſed ſecundum rationem propriam quæ mentis auxilio poteſt ab omni forma ſegregari; ſeu con<lb></lb>cipi, vt res quædam, quæ ſit natura prior, quàm forma. </s> <s>Eſt & id quod eſt actu & poteſtate ſimul: <pb pagenum="128"></pb>hoc autem duplex eſt; aut enim eſt actu ſubſtantia & corpus, vt nullo modo ſit poteſtate id ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1010"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus, quemadmodum cęlum, poteſtate verò aliud prædicamentum, vt puta, eſſe alicubi, aut eſt <lb></lb>actu & poteſtate ſecundum vnumquodque prædicamentum, qualia ſunt ea quæ ortui & in<lb></lb>teritui ſunt obnoxia. </s> <s>Accipitur ens ſecundo loco preſsius, id quod ſcilicet <foreign lang="grc">ὑπάρχει</foreign>, ideſt exi<lb></lb>ſtit: & hoc ſemper eſt ex actu & poteſtate compoſitum. </s> <s>Nam re vera poteſtas & actus elementa <lb></lb>ſunt eius quod ita eſt. </s> <s>& ita ens accipi ſolet in philoſophia diuina, & eſt materia talis philoſo<lb></lb>phiæ, quòd illius ibi principia partes & affectiones explorantur. </s> <s>Neque prætereà neſciendum <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>actum item & poteſtatem dici multipliciter: aut enim tanquam partes habentur eius quod <lb></lb>eſt, aut tanquam modi & differentiæ rerum & eorum quæ ſunt. </s> <s>Nanque etſi in Socrate eſt <lb></lb>vtrunque ſimul ita vt ex actu & poteſtate compoſitus ſit, atque ita vnum extet ex illis, vt ſit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe; tamen ita compoſitus ex his eſt, vt noſtra mens, & natura facilè diſtinguant modum quo <lb></lb>res ipſæ ſunt; & optimè perſpiciatur quo pacto ſint in Socrate ſimul cum actus, tum etiam po<lb></lb>teſtas. </s> <s>eſt enim homo actu, poteſtate verò cadauer. </s> <s>& in eodem eſt vtraque habitudo, nec <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>re, aut ſubiecto diſtincta; ſed ratione & habitudine duntaxat. </s> <s>Quòd ſi hæc re ipſa diſtincta con<lb></lb>cipiantur, veluti cum diuiſimus ens communiſsimè ſumptum, ſicuti Deus à cęlo, & cęlum à ma<lb></lb>teria prima ſunt iam partes entis, non autem modi, in illis enim aliqua eius ratio, quod eſt eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1011"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per ſe conſpicitur: hęc ſemper id quod ſunt, ſunt alterius, & vt puto, referuntur ad tempus quo <lb></lb>poſſe dicitur id de quo poſt liceat dicere eſt, eſſe verò actu quod reſpicit tempus præſens, quate<lb></lb>nus præſens. </s> <s>Sed quanquam modi ſunt duo primi, tertius ex his compoſitus, omnis tamen di<lb></lb>ſtinctio reſoluitur in actum. </s> <s>atque id optimo iure. </s> <s>Nam quæcunque diſtinctio ineſt in poteſtate <lb></lb>eſt gratia actus. </s> <s>Siquidem imperfectum pendeat à perfecto; & in ipſum intendatur. </s> <s>& omnis <lb></lb>denominatio vnde cathegoriæ conflatæ ſunt, petitur ab actu. </s> <s>His prælibatis confero me nunc ad <lb></lb>explicationem loci propoſiti. </s> <s>Dico verò Ariſtotelem accipere ens quod amplectitur ſubſtantias <lb></lb>compoſitas & ſenſiles; atque illas quidem caducas, quia ſint res notiſsimæ nobis; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>excludi <lb></lb>& excipi ſubſtantias exortes materiæ, necnon cęlum, quæ adhuc egent perſpicuis demonſtratio<lb></lb>nibus, vt ipſorum eſſentiæ ab humana mente comprehendantur. </s> <s>Deinde ens non ſanè diuidí <lb></lb>per parteis, id quod interpretes faciunt, ſed per modos & differentias; vſque adeò vt etiam ſi nil <lb></lb>aliud eſſet in vniuerſo, quàm Socrates, tamen partiri liceret ens, per eoſdem modos, & dicere ens <lb></lb>aut actu, aut poteſtate exiſtere: quod quidem eſſet in prædicamento & eſſet compoſitum, quod <lb></lb>tamen non ſuccederet, ſi diſtinguere velimus ens in parteis quæ per ſe ſubſiſterent. </s> <s>Rurſus illo <lb></lb>accepto quod eſt actu, à quo pendet omnis ratio diſtinctionis, obiri diſtributionem in decem prę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1012"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicamenta, tanquam in ea quę ſint ad vnum, non autem vniuoca. </s> <s>Actus autem & poteſtas erunt <lb></lb>eius principia quod ita eſt, & à cuiuſque prædicamenti latere, non ſecus àc à generum latere ſuæ <lb></lb>cuiuſque differentiæ ponentur. </s> <s>Sed hoc intereſt quòd differentiæ ſunt ſigillatim cuiuſque gene<lb></lb>ris, cùm omne genus, ſiue ſupremum, ſiue ſub altero genere contineatur, quatenus genus per <lb></lb>oppoſitas differentias ſecetur: actus autem & poteſtas pertinere per ſe ſolum ad ſumma genera <lb></lb>videantur; tùm etiam quòd differentiæ ſunt natura priores partibus generis; actus verò & pote<lb></lb>ſtas, ſi ſumantur vt parteis entis, ſunt priores natura partibus prædicamentorum; ſed ſi fuerint <lb></lb>modi, ſunt natura quidem poſteriores, priores autem ratione duntaxat, cùm ſeparari poſsint, <lb></lb>velut in differentia eo modo quem libro ſuperiore tradidimus. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt vniuocatio<lb></lb>ne, & rationis communione carentia, ſingula quidem ſint cuiuſque prædicamenti ſeorſum, nec <lb></lb>eadem fit quanti poteſtas & ſubſtantiæ, nec ob id ſubeant illa diuiſionum pręcepta quæ ſuperius <lb></lb>ex 1. de par. </s> <s>allata fuerunt: erant enim propria vniuocorum. </s> <s>Hac ergo ratione, ſi hic locus ex<lb></lb>plicetur, nulla nos opprimit difficultas, neque in aſſequenda veritate ſententiæ, neque in ſtructu<lb></lb>ra verborum, neque ſæpius confugiendum erit ad emendationes <expan abbr="cõtextuum">contextuum</expan>, quod aliqui <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1013"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hîc mihi in mentem venit diuerſa illuſtrium virorum iudicia de actu accidentis indicare. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>enim duplex ſit actus in materia nempe ſubſtantiæ & accidentis; nanque eſt actu homo, & actu <lb></lb>album, à Bononienſibus diſputatum eſt, ſit'ne vnus vtriuſque actus, an actus accidentis ab actu <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ ſeparatus, Achillino opinante hos actus ad propria prædicamenta referri, vt actu al<lb></lb>bum, ad qualitatem. </s> <s>Buccaferrea verò accidentis actum negligente, quòd ex actu ſubſtantiæ & <lb></lb>accidentis vnum per ſe fieret. </s> <s>Atqui non ſemper è ſubſtantia & accidente fit vnum per ſe, ſed non <lb></lb>rarò per accidens. </s> <s>Neque item ſi per ſe communius accipiatur, ideſt ſecundum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quatenus <lb></lb>ſcilicet aptum eſt exiſtere in alio, fit vnum per ſe, quandò inſunt multa accidentia præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>vt calor in aqua. </s> <s>Prętereà facit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> per ſe è duobus actibus. </s> <s>Neque dicere poteſt, actum ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ ſubire vicem poteſtatis ad accidens; quia ſic accidens eſſet perfectio ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Præterquam <lb></lb>quòd Ariſtoteles partitionem in actum & poteſtatem per ſingula prędicamenta diducit. </s> <s>Ille verò <lb></lb>notandus, quòd actum accidentis ab actu ſubſtantiæ ſeparet. </s> <s>Idcircò vniuſcuiuſque prædicamen<lb></lb>ti proprius quidam actus eſt ponendus; veruntamen actus accidentis ab actu ſubſtantię diſiun<lb></lb>gendus non eſt; nam quòd accidens actu ſit, ab actu ſubſtantia impetrauit: ab illo enim pendet <pb pagenum="129"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1014"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in eo, quòd exiſtat: cęterùm etſi re non diſiungitur, alia tamen eſt vtriuſque ratio & eſſentia, <lb></lb>licet accidentis eſſentia non ſit ab eſſentia ſubſtantiæ ſeparata.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1002"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1003"></margin.target>a 1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1004"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1005"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1006"></margin.target>a 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1007"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1008"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1009"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1010"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1011"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1012"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1013"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1014"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Percenſentur reliqua motus elementa, & aliqua etiam adſcribuntur de ratione qua colligitur <lb></lb>definitio motus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN motu quoque duo ſpectantur; primum quidem illud eſt; nanque motus ipſe per ſe non <lb></lb>ſubſiſtit, ſed eſt in altero, aut alterius. </s> <s>eſt enim quiddam quod mouetur, vt Socrates & <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan>, <lb></lb>& omnino ſubſtantia, quòd ab hac nullum aliud genus eorum quæ ſunt, abſtrahi poteſt. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>prætereà dum Socrates mouetur, aliqua forma priuatur quam habet, & accipit aliam qua caret; <lb></lb>ſiquidem talis ſit prima notio motus, vnde generaliter exprimi conſueuit à Græcis eo nomine <lb></lb>quod ſignificat aliud poſt aliud; <foreign lang="grc">μεταβολὴν</foreign>, ipſi dicunt; quandoquidem poteſt mutari Socra<lb></lb>tes, quòd amittat eam formam quam habet ad eſſentiam pertinentem, & tranſeat in cadauer, <lb></lb>aut vt amittat nigredinem, & fiat albus. </s> <s>Ad quod igitur prædicamentum eæ formæ referuntur <lb></lb>ſecundum quas ipſe mutabitur, in illo quoque prędicamento collocabitur motus. </s> <s>Ita vt in qua<lb></lb>libet mutatione præſtò ſint duo ſubiecta, primum quod eſt ſubſtantia ſiue compoſita, ſiue etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1015"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimplex; hac enim omnia fundantur; ſiue proximè, ſiue remotè; & hoc eſt ſubiectum quod ap<lb></lb>pellatur, vt quod, & propriè tranſmutatur; alterum videlicet prædicamentum cuius formæ ſibi <lb></lb>viciſsim in ſubſtantia ſuccedunt, quod dicitur. <foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὃ</foreign>, ideſt, per quod & ſecundum quod: non <lb></lb>enim eſt id quod mutari dicimus, verbigratia qualitas; ſed ipſa ſubſtantia mutatur ſecundum <lb></lb>qualitatem. </s> <s>Alterum autem, quod ſecundo loco animaduertendum eſt, in eo quod mouetur, <lb></lb>quod diximus eſſe ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>nam præſefert in motu rationem mobilis, quod item patibile <lb></lb>nominatur. </s> <s>At verò cùm mobile, tùm patibile ſignificant aliquid à quo moueantur & patiantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò quoque in ipſo motu notio continetur habitudinis, quòd fiat motus ab hoc quod habet <lb></lb>vim mouendi, in hoc quod eſt mobile. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt non ſine habitudine tradenda ſit de<lb></lb>finitio motus. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò, ſicuti res variæ ſunt ſecundum quas fit motus quarum genus <lb></lb>commune nullum eſt; ſic & variæ ſunt ſpecies motus quarum commune genus, hoc eſt, prædica<lb></lb>tum vniuocum afferri non poteſt: ob id expectanda eſt definitio motus, tanquam eius quod ſit <lb></lb>ad vnum, quemadmodum etiam ſunt ad vnum & non vniuoca illa ſecundum quæ fit motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nil enim eſt quod prædicetur vniuocè de pluribus prædicamentis: vtpotè, quòd vbi quippiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1016"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel primum voce exprimitur, ſeu mente concipitur, aut per ſe ſubſtans, aut in per ſe ſubſtante <lb></lb>poſitum repræſentetur, quæ ſanè tota natura diſcrepant. </s> <s>Sed de his olim dictum eſt ſatis. </s> <s>Ad de<lb></lb>finitionem redeo. </s> <s>In illa verò mihi ſeſe offert quiddam ſumma animaduerſione dignum, tametſi <lb></lb>in omnium accidentium definitionem communiter pertinere poteſt. </s> <s>Nam cùm omnium acci<lb></lb>dentium definitio plena & omnibus partibus abſoluta ex demonſtratione exprimatur, <expan abbr="videndũ">videndum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt etiam, quemadmodum ex ea colligi poſsit definitio motus. </s> <s>In primis autem non videtur id <lb></lb>in controuerſiam reuocari poſſe, quin in accidentis eſſentia definitione euoluenda demonſtra<lb></lb>tionem definitioni præcurrere oporteat; quia notius ſit accidens, vt in ſubiecto qua ratione de<lb></lb>monſtrationi ſubiicitur, quàm vbi quid per ſe conſiſtens & ſub imagine ſubſtantiæ concipitur, <lb></lb>quod in definitione faciendum eſt. </s> <s>hîc enim quadam ſegregatione opus eſt, dum albedo defi<lb></lb>nienda concipitur quam, vt hoc album, ſenſus obiecit. </s> <s>Ita igitur cùm motus habeatur vt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, <lb></lb>quia ſit in eo quod mouetur, & moueri de ſubiecto quod eſt corpus naturale, ſeu ſubſtantia na<lb></lb>turalis per cauſſas & principia propria concludi queat, idem iudicium de motu faciendum vide<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Sed num hic progreſſus ab Ariſtotele neglectus eſt? </s> <s>haud profectò, & eo loco <expan abbr="modoq́ue">modoque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1017"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vſurpatus eſt, vt ex illo quod demonſtratio repręſentat, id intelligendum fit quod per <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> <lb></lb>explicatur. </s> <s>Nam 3. Phyſ. T. 7. ita confirmauit Ariſtoteles eſſe motum, id quod definitio ipſa pro<lb></lb>ponit, quia quod mouetur, ita ſe habeat: hoc verò aliud certè non eſt, quàm ex demonſtratione <lb></lb>colligere definitionem, vt ex eo quod notius ſit. </s> <s>Quamobrem primo loco ſtatuetur ſubiectum <lb></lb>de quo moueri prędicatur; accipio verò nunc ſubſtantiam mobilem, quæ ſenſilis eſt & per ſe exi<lb></lb>ſtit & partibilis, indiuiduam omitto & eam quæ quomodocunque eſt in alio. </s> <s>quo pacto etiam <lb></lb>fecit Ariſtoteles 6. Phyſ. & quod eſt moueri, tanquam actum ſumo, vt & hic motus per actu ſum<lb></lb>ptus eſt, in quo maximè differt ab eo mobili quod eſt ratio ſubiecti phyſici. </s> <s>Nam mobile quod <lb></lb>ſignificat facultatem, demonſtrari non poteſt, cùm ex illo & mobili fiat vnum per ſe & incom<lb></lb>plexum, & facultas, vt alio loco docebimus, non differat à ſubſtantia; & idem valeat mobile àc <lb></lb>naturale quod eſt habens naturam quæ eſt cauſſa motus. </s> <s>Et cùm mobile ſignificet poteſtatem <lb></lb>quæ ſuaptè natura reſpicit oppoſita; hic verò eſt quies, ita vt quod ſimpliciter & quatenus ip<lb></lb>ſum de ſubſtantia mobili demonſtrari conueniat, ſit coniunctum, moueri nimirum & quieſcere: <lb></lb>accipio moueri ſeorſum, tanquam notius nobis non neſcius demonſtrationem non minus reſpi<lb></lb>cere nota nobis quàm nota natura, ex cuius abſentia, & proximè ex abſentia cauſſarum motus, <pb pagenum="130"></pb>noteſcet eſſe quietem, & colligi facillimè poterit quid ſit etiam quies. </s> <s>Nanque etſi vnum eſt op<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1018"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſitorum generale principium, & hic vtriuſque, cum motus, tum item quietis ipſa natura; non <lb></lb>eodem modo affecta motum facit & quietem. </s> <s>Nec dubito moueri, vt actum poſſe demonſtrari, <lb></lb>quamuis ſit notiſsimus, quia notus ſit per accidens, non per ſe, id quod ſtudet efficere demonſtra<lb></lb>tio. </s> <s>Neque illud me tenet, quòd aliquam legerim facultatem, non actum in demonſtratione con<lb></lb>cludi, quoniam actus interrumpatur, ſola facultas ęterna ſit, æternorum verò ſit ſcientia; quandò <lb></lb>noui vniuerſale prædicatum ex inductione colligi, hæc autem repræſentat actum; non habilita<lb></lb>tem, & vbi ex ſingularibus vniuerſale colligitur, nihil aliud effici, quàm quod erat hoc aliquid, <lb></lb>dempto pronomine quod eſt nota indiuidui, pronunciari & concipi ſimpliciter, vt hic homo & <lb></lb>homo, & hoc album & album. </s> <s>ſic moueri hoc & moueri ſimpliciter ſe habere. </s> <s><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>vbi ſine in<lb></lb>diuidui notis ſumantur; quia nec certo loco, nec certo tempore concludantur, eſſe perpetuas <lb></lb>quatenus enim talia ſunt, dicebat Ariſtoteles, ideſt vniuerſalia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic obnoxia reddi ſcientiæ. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1019"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nanque vniuerſitas eſt qualitas quædam, vt apparet ex capite de ſubſtantia, nimirum habilitas <lb></lb>ad id, vt in pluribus inſit. </s> <s>& æternum illud eſt quod tempore non circunſcribitur, quatenus hu<lb></lb>iuſmodi, vt te docuit Ariſtoteles in extremo 4. Phyſ. Quòd autem dicitur mobile idem valere àc <lb></lb>naturale, ideſt, quod in ſeipſo habet principia motus non demonſtrabitur, ſed ſtabit à principiis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Illud igitur ſit huius demonſtrationis ſtratum, quod facultatem continet & rationem formalem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1020"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>noſtri ſubiecti; de illo prædicetur moueri cuius cauſſas indagare volumus & definitione com<lb></lb>plecti quæ ſola poſitura differat à demonſtratione. </s> <s>Et illud inquiratur. </s> <s>Cur talis ſubſtantia mo<lb></lb>uetur, neque ſanè omni genere motus; quia non fortuitò, neque etiam violento; ſunt enim vtri<lb></lb>que motus per accidens; ea verò reſpuit methodus; non animali; quia proprius eſſet cuiuſdam <lb></lb>partis, nec vniuerſas ſubſtantias mobiles amplecteretur, neque ineſſet, quatenus ipſum; non item <lb></lb>artificioſo; tractamus enim ſcientiam qua rerum naturæ explorantur, non quoad ſubiiciuntur <lb></lb>noſtræ voluntati: ſed quoad mouetur ex natura ſua, quod eius proprium eſt; quippe quòd per<lb></lb>tineat ad vniuerſas ſubſtantias naturales, cuius abſentia quies eſt: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>non modo vniuer<lb></lb>ſas ſubſtantias naturales peruagatur, verùm in nullum aliud ſubſtantiæ, corporisúe genus perti<lb></lb>net. </s> <s>Nam quicquid tali motu agitur, id aut eſt ſubſtantia naturalis, aut conſtat è ſubſtantia natu<lb></lb>rali, vt animal & ſcamnum. </s> <s>Nec quicquam eſt quod in ſeipſo naturam contineat, quin protinus <lb></lb>moueatur, aut quieſcat, & certas quietis <expan abbr="motusq́">motusque</expan>. </s> <s>ſui cauſſas habeat. </s> <s>Proinde & per ſe, & qua<lb></lb>tenus ipſum, ineſt motus in eo genere ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Cur mouetur, inquam, talis ſubſtantia? </s> <s>An <lb></lb>quòd, cùm ſit in potentia ad aliquam formam (eſt verò in potentia, quòd cùm ſit id quod moue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1021"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, ſeu quod moueri poteſt motu naturali, certo quodam genere præfinitum, atque <expan abbr="cõcluſum">concluſum</expan>, <lb></lb>habet etiam certam poteſtatem ad certas formas quæ ſcilicet in eo genere ſint oppoſitæ) exerceat <lb></lb>eam poteſtatem quam habet ad talem formam. </s> <s>Quocirca ſubiectum duas partes amplectetur, <lb></lb>vnam generalem, qua moueri quidem poteſt; ſed remotam admodum & propè infinitam; alte<lb></lb>ram ſpecialem, per quam ſubcerto genere comprehenditur quod, cùm primo illi ſubiecto acce<lb></lb>dat, & quaſi informet ipſum, ac determinet; non ſubiectum ſimpliciter, & vt quod ſed <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>quod appellatur. </s> <s>mox cauſſa ſuccedit quæ primùm excipit prædicatum, & ſui præſentia ponit in <lb></lb>ſubiecto quod inquit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſſe cauſſam huius huic. </s> <s>Quocirca ſic omnis ratio conſtrui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1022"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poterit. </s> <s>Omnis ſubſtantia naturalis exercet eam poteſtatem quam habet ad certam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ <lb></lb>ſub certo genere continetur. </s> <s>At omne id quod exercet eam poteſtatem (exercere autem ſignifi<lb></lb>catur ea voce <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>, ideſt agere & fungi & eſſe in officio) ad certam formam, mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Omnis igitur ſubſtantia naturalis mouetur. </s> <s>nec quidem ita mouetur, vt nunc moueatur, ſed ſi<lb></lb>ne vlla præfinitione loci, aut temporis; hoc autem omni ſubſtantię naturali conuenit, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> per<lb></lb>petuò. </s> <s>Verùm quamuis omnis ſubſtantia naturalis de poteſtate traducatur, aut traduci poſsit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1023"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad actum, ob <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> rem moueatur; non tamen hæc ratio continet abſolutam cauſſam motus; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>& eius abſoluta cauſſa petenda eſt, iubente Ariſtotele, ex aliis rationibus. </s> <s>Itaque hîc ego <lb></lb>illud addendum prætereà puto, efficiens, quod cùm ſit actu, vim habeat traducendi de poteſtate <lb></lb>ad actum ſubſtantiam naturalem quam ponimus eſſe poteſtate finem quę eſt conſecutio & ade<lb></lb>ptio illius actus ad quem eſt poteſtate; hic enim terminus eſt continuati motus & non impediti <lb></lb>qui, cùm præſtò eſt, nihil vltrà agit efficiens; neque naturalis ſubſtantia mouetur. </s> <s>Sed illò cùm <lb></lb>venerit quo tendebat, omnino quieſcit. </s> <s>Idcircò tum ſubſtantia mouetur, cum ab efficiente tra<lb></lb>ducitur de ſua natiua poteſtate ad illum actum quo poteſtas ipſa dirigitur. </s> <s>Hæc verò omnia ſen<lb></lb>ſu & inductione perſpicua ſunt, vt nihil, aut ad ſummam admonitio quędam ad ea perſuadenda <lb></lb>requiratur; nec vllum genus inſtrumenti quod afferat vim menti noſtræ, deſideretur ad confir<lb></lb>mationem huiuſmodi propoſitionum, vt etiam patet ex Ariſtoteleo contextu. </s> <s>Etenim certum <lb></lb>eſſe genus ſecundum quod fit motus, ideſt, commutatio formarum oppoſitarum 1. Phyſ. ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele ſola inductione confirmatum eſt. </s> <s>Moueri quoque, nil aliud eſſe, quàm ſic agere, & exer<lb></lb>cere facultatem quam habet in eo genere, nullius alterius inſtrumenti, quàm inductionis auxilio <pb pagenum="131"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1024"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Phyſicorum 3. conſtitutum. </s> <s>Ea quoque naturali philoſopho partim ſic comperta ſunt, vt pa<lb></lb>làm accipiat, ac ſibi gratis dari velit, partim conſtituta, ſcilicet, Efficiens actu eſſe & actu conti<lb></lb>nere, ſeu nobiliore modo effectum, aut formam, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cæteris communicare, illud actu efficien<lb></lb>do, vt ſit quod eſſe poteſt: <expan abbr="finisq́">finisque</expan>. </s> <s>cuiuſdam gratia efficiens omne efficere, <expan abbr="motumq́">motumque</expan>. </s> <s>omnem na<lb></lb>turalem gratia cuiuſpiam finis eſſe. </s> <s>Vnde naſcitur, vt ſi nullum rationis cogentis genus adhibea<lb></lb>tur confirmationi talium propoſitionum, aut etiam ſi ex ante oſtenſis efficiantur; <expan abbr="eæq́ue">eæque</expan> cauſſas <lb></lb>vniuerſas motus amplectantur, prorſus medio vacent; quia nimirum notæ ſint nobis <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>natura priores, & ſint aptæ demonſtrationi quam in præſentia venamur; tametſi propter <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> <lb></lb>varietatem in ſuas parteis hæc demonſtratio reſoluenda eſt, & cuique ſeorſum aptanda. </s> <s>Nos au<lb></lb>tem nihilominus præſenti progreſſu contenti ſimus. </s> <s>nam quicquid reliquum eſt, ex iis ſupplebi<lb></lb>tur quæ mox in explicanda motus definitione ſubiungemus. </s> <s>Hac igitur demonſtratione poſita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1025"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>definitionem motus facta conuerſione colligamus. </s> <s>Hîc verò meminiſſe oportet Ariſtotelici prę<lb></lb>cepti: docuit enim ipſe extremo analytico. </s> <s>Sicubi demonſtratio tranſumatur in definitionem, <lb></lb>ſic eſſe progrediendum, vt quod veluti denominatiuum & inhærens alij demonſtratum fuit, id <lb></lb>in abſtractum, vt aiunt, & quod quaſi per ſe ſubſtet, transformetur. </s> <s>Nam primò reſpicit <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1026"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Iam verò de affectione prænoſci oportet, quid eſt illud quod per nomen ſignifi<lb></lb>catur, hoc eſt, naturam illam determinatam quæ tali nomine exprimitur quæ plerunque genere, <lb></lb>aut quodam illi ſimili, & denique generali quodam notari ſolet; veruntamen ita contractum, vt <lb></lb>per ſe & primùm inſit, ſiue contrahatur à propriis generis ſui differentiis, ſiue etiam à ſubiecto <lb></lb>ad quod applicatur; vt dum albedinem ſub ratione coloris, qui viſum queat diſsipare, concipi<lb></lb>mus, & tonitruum, quòd ſit ſonus, qui fit in nube, & eclypſin, quia ſit priuatio luminis in luna. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fieri quoque poteſt, vt ſub aliis notionibus atque illis quidem rudioribus affectio comprehen<lb></lb>datur, vt motus, quia ſit <foreign lang="grc">μεταβολὴ</foreign>, ideſt, aliud poſt aliud. </s> <s>Neque vereor, vt hoc loco mihi op<lb></lb>ponas, aut in hac notione repetitionem eſſe, dum idem ſubiectum in prima affectionis ipſius no<lb></lb>tione concipitur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>de ſubiecto ſeorſum poſteà concluditur vt ſimum, ſi depreſsionem na<lb></lb>rium ſignificat, & poſteà de naribus demonſtratur, erit ſimum narium in naribus & ita bis in na<lb></lb>ribus. </s> <s>Vel quòd præteneatur quidem, quid affectio ſignificet, non tamen, an ſit: quia verò eſſe af<lb></lb>fectionem idem eſt atque ineſſe, hoc autem eſt eſſe in ſubiecto; ſi in illa priore prænotione con<lb></lb>cipiatur ſubiectum, fore, vt de affectione prænoſcatur item quòd ſit: itaque id habeatur in præ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1027"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>notione quod vult nobis largiri demonſtratio. </s> <s>Vel etiam quòd notio quæ ex ſola definitione <expan abbr="cõ-paratur">con<lb></lb>paratur</expan>, cùm contineat ſubiectum, ſit complexa, non ſimplex. </s> <s>Ad illud enim primùm ſic reſpon<lb></lb>debo. </s> <s>Cùm affectio determinatur ſubiecto, non vniuſmodi eſſe determinationem, nec vniuſmo<lb></lb>di eſſe ſubiectum quo determinatur. </s> <s>Vt enim à ſubiecto exordiar, poteſt concipi id quod eſt, <lb></lb>continere duos rectos in æquicrure, triangulo, & figura; & dum adhuc in notitia rudi verſamur, <lb></lb>qualis eſt ante demonſtrationem & definitionem, vt in illorum ſingulis ſeorſum inhærens, vt ta<lb></lb>metſi ineſt in triangulo, quatenus ipſum eſt, ſuſpicari poſsimus hoc eſſe ſolius æquicruris, ſi <expan abbr="nõ-dum">non<lb></lb>dum</expan> alia triangula ſpectauerimus: aut omnis etiam figuræ, niſi cauſſam nouerimus illius affe<lb></lb>ctionis eſſe ſuam ipſius trianguli propriam; quod tum cognoſcitur, vbi demonſtratio præceſsit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic affectio determinatur ſubiecto, vel cui conuenit primùm, vel etiam eo, cui quomodocunque <lb></lb>conuenit. </s> <s>Interdum etiam determinatur affectio ſubiecto, ideſt, ſubiecti <expan abbr="cõditionibus">conditionibus</expan>, exemplig. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſunt omnes hi ſoni, dum nubes intus agitatur, dum frendit leo, miutrat mus, dum etiam tibia mo<lb></lb>dulatè canit, & fidiculæ numerosè ſonant, æra concutiuntur. </s> <s>Finge tu nunc illum qui in cauer<lb></lb>na natus & educatus, nihil vnquàm præter vbera matris attigerit, & lac ſolum deguſtauerit, nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1028"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quicquam præter tenebras aſpexerit, in aſsiduo ſilentio verſatus ſit, odoriferiúe nihil vllo <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> <lb></lb>tempore ſit expertus; primum verò tinnitum æris concuſsi exaudierit è ſpecu, mox tibiæ ſtrepi<lb></lb>tum, aut alium quempiam ſonum, neque æs, aut tibiam nouerit, neque vllum aliud ſonorum; <lb></lb>diuerſas quidem ſoni differentias exaudiet quę ſubiecti cuiuſque naturam referunt, vt æris cano<lb></lb>rum, ſtridulum muris, horrendum leonis. </s> <s>Sunt hæc quidem illorum propria, vt nullius alîus <lb></lb>propria queant eſſe, & à conditionibus ſubiecti contrahuntur, atque vt contracta & ſpecificata <lb></lb>noſcuntur; non tamen vt proprium eius, <expan abbr="verumq́">verumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum certò teneatur; niſi poſtquam res <lb></lb>ipſa demonſtratione patefacta fuerit. </s> <s>Quamobrem crepitus ille nubis, quod tonitru dicimus, <lb></lb>etiam non vt in nube comprehendi poteſt, vt ij faciunt qui cęlo ſereno Iouem tonare putant; at<lb></lb>tamen ita ſentitur, vt à cęteris ſonis internoſcatur, & vt ſui ſimilis ſemper exiſtat, quia ſubiecti <lb></lb>ſui naturam referat. </s> <s>Itaque ſubiectum in eius prænotione concipitur non actu, ſed poteſtate, <lb></lb>atque ad illud monſtrandum ratio <expan abbr="cauſſaq́">cauſſaque</expan>. </s> <s>non rarò flagitatur. </s> <s>Verùm fac ſubiectum in ea prę<lb></lb>notione contineri; ſic continetur, vt in tota prænotione, velut hoc reſonans & hoc album quod <lb></lb>adhuc diſtingui poteſt in parteis quarum vna ſit ſubiectum & altera prædicatum, quibus cogita<lb></lb>tione ſecretis & in vnum poſteà conuenientibus enunciatio fiat. </s> <s>Siquidem enunciatio produca<lb></lb>tur è terminis, vbi iam diſſolutio præceſſerit; tum ſubiectum non continetur, aut poteſtate ſola, <pb pagenum="132"></pb>quod in compoſitione poſtmodò exprimitur. </s> <s>itaque non repetitur; ſed quod virtute contine<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1029"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>batur, patefit, & quod continebat, euoluitur in parteis quæ continebantur: & ibi continuò na<lb></lb>ſcitur ratio prædicati & ſubiecti, veluti ſimitas eſt depreſsio narium, & ſimum ſignificat nares <lb></lb>depreſſas: antequàm demonſtratio fiat, depreſsio non extra nares, ſed ſine naribus concipitur, <lb></lb>vt cauitas; non dico ſine ſubſtantia prorſus, eiuſmodi tamen, vt non generatim depreſsio, ſed <lb></lb>vt ſubiecti conditiones referens, vt puta carnis, vt dictum eſt, <expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> ponitur in naribus ab enun<lb></lb>ciante & demonſtrante. </s> <s>& quamuis non ſine ſubſtantia comprehendatur, non eſt compoſitio <lb></lb>quæ multiplicet res, ideſt, terminos enunciationis, ſicuti neque multiplicantur res, ſi dicamus ho<lb></lb>minem album eſſe ſubſtantiam albam, verùm adhuc eſt vnum prędicatum & vnum ſubiectum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sicut ergo ſimum, quod eſt affectio narium, vbi ſic concipitur, vt depreſsio, non affert repetitio<lb></lb>nem, quia nares abſtrahuntur in illa notione, ſed determinationem prædicati; ſic quamuis præ<lb></lb>notio comprehendat ſubiectum, non idcirco naſcitur in demonſtratione repetitio, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> illud <lb></lb>neceſſariò comprehenditur, cui primò ineſt: & eſto quòd comprehendatur, vt confusè compre<lb></lb>henditur & in definitione diſtinguitur. </s> <s>Denique dicemus non omnem ſubiecti comprehenſio<lb></lb>nem eſſe vt prædicati in ſubiecto & enunciationem continere; ſed tum eſſe vt prædicatum in <lb></lb>ſubiecto. </s> <s>poſtquàm totum quod ab <expan abbr="accidẽtis">accidentis</expan> nomine ſignificatur, in ſuas parteis diuiſum fuerit, <lb></lb>& vt aliud in alio cogitatum; ſiquidem enunciatio ſit non naturæ opus, ſed mentis, & quod <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1030"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fecit quomodocunque natura; mens, cùm antè ſecreuerit, poſteà copularit, enunciat. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>non efficitur quicquam. </s> <s>Subiectum comprehenditur. </s> <s>Ergo notitia complexa. </s> <s>Nanque addere <lb></lb>oportet. </s> <s>Comprehenditur ſubiectum, vt quomodocunque diuerſum ab eo cum quo <expan abbr="comprehẽ-ditur">comprehen<lb></lb>ditur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́ue">Cumque</expan> actu ſubiectum in affectionis prænotione comprehendatur, dabimus ante de<lb></lb>monſtrationem poſſe cognoſci, quòd eſt, vt in eo demonſtrationum genere quæ cauſſam <expan abbr="tantũ-modo">tantun<lb></lb>modo</expan> continent. </s> <s>Et ſi etiam placeat affectionem eſſe ignotam, ſit, nec'ne, & omnem demon<lb></lb>ſtrationem quæ continet cauſſam, docere quoque, vt res ſit, alio modo accipe notum eſſe, ſit'ne <lb></lb>affectio pòſt, atque antè demonſtrationem, vt quòd in hoc ita ſit, vt non in alio, quod propter hęc <lb></lb>principia & cęteris modis quibus res eſſe diſtinctè cognoſci poteſt. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſegregatio prædica<lb></lb>ti à ſubiecto ſubiecti conditiones quoquopacto referat, inde effici puto, vt in demonſtratione de<lb></lb>preſsio narium, aut ſonus in nube non accipiatur veluti genus, ſed vt proprium, & quod adhuc <lb></lb>cum ſubiecto conuerti poſsit. </s> <s>quanquam poſteà, cùm definitio ex demonſtratione conuerſa de<lb></lb>ducitur; ſi tanquam genus accipiatur, nihil repugno. </s> <s>Nam definitio debet omnes definiti par<lb></lb>teis euoluere & proponere; ſed propter orationis continuitatem & connexionem generis & dif<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1031"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ferentiarum quæ in eadem & continuata oratione ſubiunguntur, vna affectio atque illa quidem <lb></lb>propria notatur. </s> <s>Hæc oratio quæ notionem complet affectionis, & in ipſa definitione non prę<lb></lb>termittitur, in demonſtratione variis modis vſurpari ſolet. </s> <s>vel enim relinquitur, vt nota, vel pro <lb></lb>nomine ſumitur, & ſubit locum concluſionis, vt apparet in eclypſi: nihil enim eſt aliud eclypſis <lb></lb>quàm priuatio luminis. </s> <s>Obſeruaui quoque in mathematicis eam, ſicuti medium in demonſtra<lb></lb>tione collocari: quia tamen ſolam exiſtentiam, ſeu naturam confusè rei demonſtrabilis indicat, <lb></lb>eſſe videtur eius ingenij, vt ex aliis cauſsis concludi debeat, neque eſſe medium primum; ſed <lb></lb>quod reſolui queat vlterius in alias cauſſas longè priores. </s> <s>In mathematicis fortè, quia rationem <lb></lb>formalem plerunque conſectantur, ſufficere pro medio poterit. </s> <s>In motu demonſtrando, cuius <lb></lb>rei gratia longius prolocuti ſumus; ratio formalis pro medio videtur accepta, quæ profectò in <lb></lb>alias multò priores cauſſas reſoluitur, efficiens nimirùm & finem. </s> <s>Aſſumuntur etiam non rarò <lb></lb>pro genere ea quæ ſunt ad vnum, vt in definitione naturæ principium, in coctionis definitione <lb></lb>perfectio, ſic & hoc loco in definitione motus actus accipietur, vt genus quod eſt commune ad <lb></lb>vnum, adiicietur ſubiectum, atque illud quidem duplex, quod & per quod: mox reliquæ cauſſę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1032"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inſerentur efficiens, ſcilicet, & finis. </s> <s>Itaque cùm in hac definitione quæ eſt: Actus eius quod eſt <lb></lb>in potentia, quatenus in potentia; genus, aut ſimile generi comprehendatur & ſubiectum quod <lb></lb>duplex eſt, cui, vt dici ſolet, denominatiuè inhæret prædicatum, & alterum ſubiectum, per quod <lb></lb>contrahitur in certum genus, nec aliud quicquam exprimatur; planum eſt, hanc non eſſe ſuis <lb></lb>partibus abſolutam definitionem motus, & ex reliquis cauſsis eſſe complendam. </s> <s>Niſi quis eas <lb></lb>cauſſas prætermiſſas eſſe putet, vel vt ſuperiore libro expreſſas. </s> <s>ibi enim didicimus quod' nam ſit <lb></lb>efficientis munus, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> ſemper intueri finem, vel etiam quòd in illo termino potentiæ ſignificen<lb></lb>tur vnà finis & efficiens, ſicut in vno eorum quæ ſunt ad aliquid, alterum quoque comprehendi <lb></lb>ſolet. </s> <s>terminus enim poteſtatis actus eſt, & poteſtas ad actum promouetur ab actu. </s> <s>nihil enim <lb></lb>moror. </s> <s><expan abbr="nihilq́">nihilque</expan>. </s> <s>ſat eſt, ſi definitio peruulgata motus habeatur ſolùm, vt ratio formalis ipſius, & <lb></lb>vt concluſio quæ cęterarum cauſſarum adiunctione ſupplenda ſit, ſi rei eſſentiam exactè ponere <lb></lb>debeat ante oculos. </s> <s>Quacunque de cauſſa talia cauſſarum genera ſuppreſſa ſint, ea certè ſubin<lb></lb>telligere oportet. </s> <s>Sed prætereà, cùm motus ſit commune ad vnum, id quod modò explicatum <lb></lb>eſt generatim, ad ſingula prædicamenta transferendum eſt ſecundum quæ fit motus, ſicut etiam <pb pagenum="133"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1033"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſtas & actus quę ſunt principia motus, ſingulorum propria ſunt, nihil habentia in rerum na<lb></lb>tura quod ipſorum vniuerſitati reſpondeat, quemadmodum libro priore copioſius oſtendimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1015"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1016"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1017"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1018"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1019"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1020"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1021"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1022"></margin.target>b 3. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1023"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1024"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1025"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T: 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1026"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1027"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1028"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1029"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1030"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1031"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1032"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1033"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Latiore quadam ſpecie definitio motus explanatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM igitur motus ſit affectio quædam quæ latè patet, & complura prædicamenta peruaga<lb></lb>tur quibus nihil commune vniuocum eſt, neque ipſe item communi vniuoco ſubiicietur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo ſicut ille qui cogniturus eſt ens, ſubſtantiam, quantum & quale noſcat oportet; ſic ei qui <lb></lb>cogniturus eſt motum, neceſſe eſt norit ſpecies eius; & communem illius notionem quæ tamen <lb></lb>vniuoca non eſt, reſoluat in proprias ſingulorum motuum definitiones. </s> <s>Et quanquam motus na<lb></lb>turalis qui eſt noſtri inſtituti ſpecies & modi plures ſunt; eſt enim motus ſecundum <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, <lb></lb>quantum, quale, & locum, & qui ad locum eſt, vel in orbem fit, vel eſt rectus; atque hic ſimplex, <lb></lb>aut mixtus. </s> <s>cùm ille qui eſt ad locum ſit prior & notior omnibus aliis, & ſimplex compoſito: is <lb></lb>qui ad locum eſt & ſimplex in hac methodo præponetur. </s> <s>Quia verò eſt vel motus in orbem, qui <lb></lb>conuerſio propriè vocatur, vel recta fit; quanuis <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan> prior ſit abſolutè cęteris motibus, quòd <lb></lb>dubium, ideſt, & longo ſermone <expan abbr="demonſtrandũ">demonſtrandum</expan>, <expan abbr="maximèq́">maximèque</expan>. </s> <s>diſtat à nobis in hac methodo in qua <lb></lb>potiſsimum conſulitur ordini doctrinę, & pręcipitur, vt à notis nobis inſtitutio petatur; de motu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1034"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>recto, atque illo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſimplici pręcepta dabuntur, & theoremata concludentur; eiuſmodi <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, vt <lb></lb>ex analogia ad alias parteis & modos transferri poſsint. </s> <s>Atque <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> credimus (ſiquid veri à nobis <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> fuit de <expan abbr="perſequẽda">perſequenda</expan> vi & natura <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> quę ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>) ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan>; <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cauſſas & initia veſtigata, & definitiones Ariſtotelicas quę plures ſunt, huic <expan abbr="p̃cipuè">pncipuè</expan> fuiſſe aptatas; <lb></lb>tametſi multa generalia nobis occurrunt quę ipſi conuerſioni <expan abbr="cęterisq́">cęterisque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="caducarũ">caducarum</expan> motibus <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <lb></lb>per locum, tùm etiam per cętera prædicamenta <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> accidant, ex quibus facile <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> ſuſpicari <lb></lb>poſsit non hunc motum primò, ſed <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> generaliorem fuiſſe <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>In hoc verò expli<lb></lb>cando hunc <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> tenere inſtituimus: vt in primis illa perpenderemus quæ ad <expan abbr="conſtituendã">conſtituendam</expan> ip<lb></lb>ſius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> generaliter <expan abbr="pertinerẽt">pertinerent</expan>: deinde quę ipſi inhęrerent <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan>: inde nos ad ea <expan abbr="cõferremus">conferremus</expan> <lb></lb>quę vniuſcuiuſque propria forent, ſiue <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſeorſum, ſeu proprias affectiones reſpicerent. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>his poſitis ad <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> ipſam cominus accedamus. </s> <s>Tribus <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> modis <expan abbr="explicatũ">explicatum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõperimus">comperimus</expan>, primo illo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> qui ſcriptus eſtanteà, qui <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> generatim; altero verò <lb></lb>quo ſingulę eius definitionis partes ſigillatim afferuntur, & quo quæque motus ſpecies ſeorſum <lb></lb>explicatur: ac tertio qui talis eſt. </s> <s>Actus poteſtate actuoſi & patibilis, quatenus tale: <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1035"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hanc <expan abbr="poſtremã">poſtremam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo vniuersè, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſpeciatim ſumi poſſe monet Philoſophus. </s> <s>Di<lb></lb>uerſa verò <expan abbr="interpretũ">interpretum</expan> iudicia de his obſeruamus: ſingula perſequi nimis <expan abbr="putidũ">putidum</expan> eſſet: ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> illa <lb></lb>afferre quę viri <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> opinione peritiſsimi tulerint, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inutile, inter quæ illud omnino repudian<lb></lb>dum quod Lynconienſis ætate ſua <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> princeps habitus pronunciauit: quippe <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="concluſionẽ">concluſionem</expan>, ſpeciales verò principia & propoſitiones: vtpotè deceptus ijs ver<lb></lb>bis quæ ſcribuntur ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſimili">conſimili</expan> ratione tractauit animi <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dicebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1036"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> è ſingulis definitionibus <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> colligi. </s> <s>Nec meminit iſte vir <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſſe ratiocinatione <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan>, ac ſi fortè <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> fuiſſet ab Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">συλλογιζεθαι</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> i. </s> <s>colligi defini<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1037"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tionẽ">tionem</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, vt valeat <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, atque elicere & exprimere <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> è ſyllogiſ<lb></lb>mo, aut coniungere, & in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> redigere parteis definitionis quę prius diſperſę <expan abbr="fuerãt">fuerant</expan>, aut in partib. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſubiectis, propoſitionibusúe latebant. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> docere quae eſt, & <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> ani<lb></lb>mi <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>; <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> de definitione in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <expan abbr="locutũ">locutum</expan> eſſe quę eſt demonſtratio in actu, in qua defi<lb></lb>nitio in potentia <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>, vel vt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, vel vt tota ratio poſitione <expan abbr="differẽs">differens</expan>, vel vt <expan abbr="cõcluſio">concluſio</expan>; <lb></lb>continet <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> concluſio <expan abbr="informationẽ">informationem</expan> rei, & <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> eius <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan>, nec eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>. </s> <s>Quare dat eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1038"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>, quia demonſtrat id quod habetur in concluſione: huic igitur ſimilis definitio <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, ſpeciales <lb></lb><expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ſe habent vt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> longè aptius Auerroës, adiiciebat <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> quaſi. </s> <s>quia .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>ratiocinationis progreſſum imitaretur: neque <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſſet ratiocinatio. </s> <s>Diſtinguunt de iis & alij ſic, <lb></lb>quae prima definitio ſit primi philoſophi, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> continet ens, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> qui ſunt termini primi <lb></lb>philoſophi: ſecunda verò magis huius methodi propria, cùm conſtet ex mouente & mobili qui <lb></lb>ſunt termini naturales: tertia verò ſeparetur à cęteris, quia ſit apertior, & nos in motus initia ma<lb></lb>gis inſinuet. </s> <s>At verò, meo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iudicio, differentiæ quæ à <expan abbr="methodorũ">methodorum</expan> ingenio petuntur, inanes <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſunt: nec ſatis <expan abbr="cõgruūt">congruunt</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> decretis Ariſtotelicis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> etſi ens, actus & poteſtas ſint termini <lb></lb>primi philoſophi; at vbi <expan abbr="cõtrahantur">contrahantur</expan>, nec amplius vniuersè & latè accipiantur, proprij <expan abbr="reddunt̃">redduntur</expan> <lb></lb>alterius methodi. </s> <s>Sic eſt quidam actus & potentia naturalis, quę poterit eſſe methodi naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>& ſic fit, vt multa controuerſiæ de <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura in hac ipſa methodo <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> ex actu & poteſtate in<lb></lb>ueniant. </s> <s>Mitto quae illi termini, aut <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> accipiuntur, aut vt iam coiërint in <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>. </s> <s>quae ſi <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> <lb></lb>accipiantur, quid vſus afferunt in <expan abbr="contẽplatione">contemplatione</expan> iſta? </s> <s>ſi iam coiëre in <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>, ſunt partes mo<lb></lb>tus, & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ac motus. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem definitio ac definitum; <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> in eo differunt, quae in definito eſſentia <lb></lb>continetur implicitè, quę euoluitur in definitione. </s> <s>Nunc ſi definitio motus eſt ex terminis primæ <lb></lb>philoſophię; ergo & tota definitio, & <expan abbr="definitũ">definitum</expan> igitur. </s> <s>ſolent <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> illi cauere, ne faciant <expan abbr="cõſiderationē">conſiderationem</expan> <pb pagenum="134"></pb>motus eſſe primi philoſophi. </s> <s>Nec minus ea definitio, quæ <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex actuoſo & patibili eſt primi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1039"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>philoſophi, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> naturalis. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt, quae actuoſam & <expan abbr="patibilẽ">patibilem</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> nobis ex poſuit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>cum 1. tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> 9. Met. Placeret mihi, ſi poneremus <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>, <expan abbr="notiorẽ">notiorem</expan> ſanè nobis, ſed na<lb></lb>tura <expan abbr="obſcuriorẽ">obſcuriorem</expan>; atque Ariſt. </s> <s>proficiſci gradatim ab ignotioribus ad notiora natura, vt demum in <lb></lb>illa tertia quę reliquis eſt illuſtrior, reſoluat <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> motus in <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſua principia propter habitudi<lb></lb>nem quę eſt inter efficiens & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> motus quæ ſignificatur ab actu & poteſtate. </s> <s>Sed venio iam <lb></lb>ad primam. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> methodo collecta <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> docuit Ariſt. </s> <s>in Analyticis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vtpotè diuidente, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1040"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſic reſoluetur à nobis. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in iis quę ſunt, duo principia ſpectentur & quaſi elementa poteſtas <lb></lb>& actus, ſiue ſeorſum, ſiue iuncta ſimul. </s> <s>quod iam eſt actu, non eſt motus: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ ſunt actu <lb></lb>permanent <expan abbr="cõſeruantia">conſeruantia</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, quicunque ille fuerit, ſeu fixus & ſtabilis, velut ædificij, ſeu flu<lb></lb>xus & labilis, ſicut certaminis & diei. </s> <s>Nanque & dies, quatenus eſt, actu eſt. </s> <s>& eius eſt quippiam <lb></lb>omnino inuariabile <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quod eſt id quod eſt, nec tranſmutatur in aliud. </s> <s>Neque nosij ſumus <lb></lb>qui <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> Heraclito nil prorſus manere credamus, neque <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> eſſe fatemur qui nunc ea me<lb></lb>moriæ mandat quę <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> lucubrauit. </s> <s>Et quanuis materia fluat aſsiduè, & <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> ipſam res è <lb></lb>materia conſtantes; at permanet forma, & per <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> ea quæ habent <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. </s> <s>Motus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> non eſt pote<lb></lb>ſtate, tùm quia quę talia ſunt, non ſunt quatenus <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>; ideò, ſi poteſtate motus eſſet, eſſe quidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1041"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſſet, nec <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſſet. </s> <s>tùm etiam quia quod eſt poteſtate, <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> habet <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> quæ ſemper eſt <expan abbr="cõ-iuncta">con<lb></lb>iuncta</expan> cum actu in <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan> & mobilibus de quibus agitur nunc: quo fit, vt etiam quod tale eſt, <lb></lb>permanere poſsit nulli dum mutationi <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan>; veluti ego nunc <expan abbr="vxorẽ">vxorem</expan> habere poſſum, nec <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>duco; permaneo certè in quodam ſtatu qui illi contrarius eſt <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> aſſequi cupio. </s> <s>Sed motus erit <lb></lb>actus alicuius poteſtatis. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò forma eſt quæ eſt actus materiæ quæ eſt potentia, non ob id <lb></lb>talis actus eſt motus. </s> <s>fieri <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſt, vt pręſens ſit forma in materia: tùm verò ceſſauit motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <lb></lb>motus eſt actus alicuius poteſtatis, i. </s> <s>eius quod eſt poteſtate, quatenus <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, i. </s> <s>motus eſt <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> con<lb></lb>ſeruatur adhuc in re mobili poteſtas, ſed ea exercetur: exercetur verò tum, cum tendit ad actum: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> poteſtate <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> eſt, non actu; neque actu ſolum, ſed progreditur à poteſtate ad <lb></lb>actum. </s> <s>Ille igitur progreſſus à poteſtate ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> in mobili eſt ipſe motus. </s> <s>& ſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> illo actu confe<lb></lb>ratur <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> forma affert; hic imperfectus eſt, nec dum terminatus, ille terminatus & perfectus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> <lb></lb>verò poteſtas & actus ſint ad vnum de quibus ex ſuis partibus reddimur certiores, non explicat <lb></lb>ſatis <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ipſam <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> volumus, hęc definitio: atque eſt deſcriptio potius & natura poſterior. </s> <s>Idcircò <lb></lb>ſi de actu & poteſtate diſtinguatur per ſingula <expan abbr="prędicamẽta">prędicamenta</expan> in quibus obſeruatur motus, exacta, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1042"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantum rei fluxilis natura tolerat, motus definitio <expan abbr="cõparabitur">comparabitur</expan>. </s> <s>Ideò, cùm ſit in ſubſtantia po<lb></lb>teſtas & actus: motus item qui eſt generatio: hæc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ſit generabilis rei; actus igitur generabi<lb></lb>lis, quatenus generabile eſt, erit generatio. </s> <s>& in qualitate ſimiliter affectio erit actus rei quæ <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>affici, quatenus talis. </s> <s>ſic dicemus de reliquis; ita vt quemadmodum actus & poteſtas & ens quę <lb></lb>ſunt prima elementa motus, pro portione reperiuntur in ſubſtantia, quanto, quali, & vbi (ſola <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>hæc motui propriè dicto ſubiacent) ſic vniuſcuiuſque partis eius definitio <expan abbr="cõpleatur">compleatur</expan> adiecta illa <lb></lb>particula quæ propria eſt eius prædicamenti, <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quod ſit motus, quæ particula notat cer<lb></lb>tum progreſſum in eo prædicamento. </s> <s>Nam generari propriè eſt mutari <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> ſubſtantiam, & <lb></lb>affici eſt mutari ſecundum <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, & ferri eſt migrare de loco ad locum, vnde motus <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, generatio dictus eſt, <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quale affectio, ad locum verò latio. </s> <s>Neque verò in illa <lb></lb>definitione <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> D. Thomam <expan abbr="audiendũ">audiendum</expan> puto qui ſumens ex vetere tralatione ens in potentia cre<lb></lb>didit illud ens eſſe prædicatum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniſsimum">communiſsimum</expan>, & in ea definitione <expan abbr="cõmuniſsimè">communiſsimè</expan> accipi; <lb></lb><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> omnia <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> quæ cuicunque tranſmutationi, ſeu veræ, ſeu metaphoricæ ſubiiceren<lb></lb>tur; vnde etiam negauit <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> mobilem eſſe materiam noſtrę methodi; ſtatuit <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ens mo<lb></lb>bile quod eſſet quiddam <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>: neque vidit hîc <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> illam, quę Gręcè eſt <foreign lang="grc">ὃιτος</foreign> accipi non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1043"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tanquam <foreign lang="grc">πρᾶγμα</foreign> (ſic verò dialectici nuncupant omne id quod in enunciatione ſignificat, reliquas <lb></lb>eius parteis appellantes <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="copulã">copulam</expan>) ſed locum copulæ obtinere. </s> <s>Et quanuis à definitione <lb></lb>copula pellatur, non omnis omnino excluditur, ſed ea <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> quę <expan abbr="orationẽ">orationem</expan> quid eſt <expan abbr="explicantẽ">explicantem</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>re definienda coniungit. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> laudo Philoponum qui in eum ſenſum accepit hanc <expan abbr="defini-tionẽ">defini<lb></lb>tionem</expan>, quòd motus permaneat, nec interrumpatur à quiete, illucuſque <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> perſeuerat poteſtas in <lb></lb>mobili; ne fateri cogatur mobile <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> motui præcedere, ſi fortè intelligeretur id quod eſt in po<lb></lb>tentia, tum eſſe, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="nondũ">nondum</expan> ſubiit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> hęc poſteà tractanda ſunt vberius: his <expan abbr="cõtenti">contenti</expan> <lb></lb>quæ ſunt expoſita, nos <expan abbr="cõuertamus">conuertamus</expan> ad <expan abbr="accuratã">accuratam</expan> propoſitę definitionis <expan abbr="interprętationẽ">interprętationem</expan>. </s> <s>Hęc verò, <lb></lb>vt quadrare poſsit in <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> motus, quęcunque illa ſit, facilè vt puto, conſtabit, ſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> poteſtas <lb></lb>& actus ſint termini <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan>, <expan abbr="multasq́">multasque</expan>. </s> <s>notiones pręſeferant, à nobis anteà <expan abbr="diligẽter">diligenter</expan> aperiantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1034"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1035"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1036"></margin.target>a 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1037"></margin.target>b 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1038"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1039"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1040"></margin.target>a 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1041"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1042"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1043"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponuntur termini in definitione motus accepti actus, ſcilicet, & potestas. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXORDIAMVR autem ab actu; hic verò apud Gręcos duplex nomen obtinuit; quan<lb></lb>doquidem modo <foreign lang="grc">ἐfέργειαν</foreign> aliàs <foreign lang="grc">ἑντελέχειαν</foreign> ab ipſis vocatum obſeruamus. </s> <s>Quamuis <pb pagenum="135"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1044"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>autem poſsint <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> vtræque voces: quia tamen hanc <expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> vſurpat Ariſtoteles in definitione <lb></lb>motus; de ipſa nunc aliqua dicamus aliò reiectis iis quæ ad alterius <expan abbr="explicationẽ">explicationem</expan> quoquo pacto <lb></lb>pertineant. </s> <s>In ea tractanda laborauit M. Tullius, dum ſupra captum ſuum philoſophari voluit, <lb></lb>& plura <expan abbr="cõſcripſere">conſcripſere</expan> maiores noſtri qui politiores litteras cum philoſophica muſa <expan abbr="coniunxerũt">coniunxerunt</expan>; <lb></lb>ita vt ſi vnquam ad rem attineret dictum illud, Quam quiſque norit artem, in hac ſe exerceat. <lb></lb></s> <s>nunc mirum in modum congruere videatur cum ingenio M. Tullij, & eorum qui pro ipſo dice<lb></lb>bant. </s> <s>Etenim ille nobis aliquando, ſic animi definitionem expreſsit, vt pro eo quod à nobis dici<lb></lb>tur actus, & à Græcis entelechia, deceptus à ſimilitudine vocis promentiarit, endelechian, & ver<lb></lb>terit perennem motionem, talis enim eſt vis <foreign lang="grc">ἐνδελεχείας</foreign>. </s> <s>Vnde tritum illud</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1044"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Γέτρην χοιλαίνει ῥανις ὑδατος ἐνδελεχείῃ</foreign>, ideſt,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aſſiduo cotem diffringit guttula caſu<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quam ex Ariſtotelis ſententia conſtare putauit è quinta quadam eſſentia ab omni mortali <expan abbr="cõ-cretione">con<lb></lb>cretione</expan> ſecreta. </s> <s>Vbi cùm in eius vocis importuna explicatione peccaſſe comperitur, tùm quòd <lb></lb>ſuam illam explicationem, ex Ariſtotelis decreto tribuerit animo. </s> <s>Nanque vt entelechia ſit pe<lb></lb>rennis motio, & ab Ariſtotele tanquam noua vox in hoc ſignificatu accepta, quod aſſerebat M. <lb></lb>Tullius facilè demonſtrant loca quędam Ariſt. </s> <s>hic ſcilicet noſter, atque alter, quem habemus pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1045"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mo de ortu; proptereà quòd hîc patet quàm abſurdum ſit, motum eſſe perennem motionem: <lb></lb>quippe quòd, aut eo nomine ſignificetur æternum, hoc verò ſolum conuerſioni contigit, aut non <lb></lb>interruptum; qua ratione motus non continebit auctionem; quandò illa eſt inter cęteros motus <lb></lb>interrupta, neque parteis omneis habet <expan abbr="cõtinuatas">continuatas</expan>. </s> <s>Ibi verò ſeparauit cauſſas in vniuocas & en<lb></lb>telechias. </s> <s>videtur autem id <expan abbr="nomẽ">nomen</expan> fuiſſe tranſumptum ad indicandum genus illud <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> quod <lb></lb>pręſtantiore modo continet effecta, neque formaliter, vt dici ſolet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="pleręq́">pleręque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſę, <lb></lb>ſed virtute tantum; quia ſcilicet aliquid pręſtare poſsint, cuius tamen appellationem non <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan>: <lb></lb>licet conſiderata ratione formali ſeorſum, tùm <expan abbr="effectuũ">effectuum</expan>, tùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cauſſarum omnes ſint vniuocę. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter & Ariſt. </s> <s>omne genus cauſſarum ſub vniuoco complexus eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Auerroës expreſſa vi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1046"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>græci nominis appellauit perfectionem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita profeſſus eſt motum eſſe cauſſam caloris, quamuis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1047"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ſit calidus, quia ſit perfectio calidi, quaſi verò perfectiore, & eminentiore quodammodo <expan abbr="cõ-tineat">con<lb></lb>tineat</expan> calorem, quàm ipſe ſit, poſtquam erupit è ſinu ſuarum cauſſarum. </s> <s>quid ergo ſibi vellet hęc <lb></lb>diſtributio cauſſarum in eas quæ ſunt vniuocę, & alias quæ ſunt perennes motiones? </s> <s>certè nihil. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè quòd forma, per quam resipſa eſt, tali nomine inſignitur, cuius præſentiæ certè nil <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1048"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>repugnat magis quàm motio. </s> <s>Habitibus enim (inquit Ariſt. 1. de Gen.) præſentibus in materia <lb></lb>ceſſat omnis motus. </s> <s>Peccatur item à M. Tullio quia reputer animam ab Ariſt. </s> <s>poſitam fuiſſe pe<lb></lb>rennem motionem, quando perſpicuum eſt, ipſum, cùm entelechiam norit, eſſe primam quæ eſt <lb></lb>vt habitus: vel ſecundam quæ eſt vt actus & functio, ne dum ſtatuerit animam eſſe <expan abbr="perennẽ">perennem</expan> mo<lb></lb>tionem, ſed voluerit planè eam eſſe actum illum primum qui per ſe otioſus eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> <lb></lb>aut inauditam eſſe talem vocem ſatis perſuadeat nobis eius vſus apud Ariſt. </s> <s>frequentiſsimus, & <lb></lb>præſertim in definitionibus quæ ſolum recipiunt, aut plurimum voces vſitatas, & illuſtres, & ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>quidem reſtitutam potius quàm innouatam cum Simplicio fatebor, quanuis in ſchola ſua <lb></lb>tritam, & iam vſu approbatam. </s> <s>præſertim quòd eius conſuetudo ſolet eſſe, cum voces innouat <lb></lb>admonere lectorem conſimilibus vocibus dico, & dicimus. </s> <s>ſicut enim in omni arte, cuius vſus <lb></lb>vulgaris <expan abbr="cõmunisq́">communisque</expan>. </s> <s>non ſit, multa nominum nouitas eſſe ſolet, vt in primis <expan abbr="cõſtituenda">conſtituenda</expan> ſint <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <lb></lb>rerum vocabula quę in quaque arte tractantur, & non modo Dialectici & Phyſici, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Geo<lb></lb>metræ, Muſici, & Grammatici verbis vtuntur vulgo ignotis, & ſuo quodam more loquuntur, ſic <lb></lb>& dicendi facultas quę popularis eſt, verba priuata vſurpat, vt ſua, <expan abbr="eodemq́ue">eodemque</expan> modo alij omnes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1049"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opifices, qui abhorrent ab omni politiore elegantia, res in quibus ſunt, nominibus notant nouis, <lb></lb>quę ignorentur ab aliis, ſibi ſint vſitata tantummodo: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aliter in hanc vocem eueniſſe <expan abbr="credendũ">credendum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>Itaque teſtatur Sextus Empiricus <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελέχειαν, & οὐδὲν μᾶλλον</foreign>, eſſe ſcientia vocabula. </s> <s>At<lb></lb>tigit hanc diſputationem quoque Budęus cuius dicta vberrimè <expan abbr="recẽſet">recenſet</expan>, & doctè examinat Vico<lb></lb>mercatus, vt nihil amplius deſiderari poſsit. </s> <s>Quanquam & illud ego noto ob viri auctoritatem, <lb></lb>etiam ab eo tertij erroris inſimulatum fuiſſe M. Tullium quia ſtatuerit in diſciplina Peripatetica, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1050"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animum è quinta quadam eſſentia conſtitutum quæ ab elementis diſcreta ſit, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> nullibi re<lb></lb>periatur. </s> <s>Nos autem id optimè ex Ariſt. </s> <s>expreſſum dicimus, vbi è calore illo, non quidem igneo, <lb></lb>conflatum eſſe teſtatur animum ipſum, ſed ex eiuſmodi qui proportione ſtellarum elemento re<lb></lb>ſpondeat. </s> <s>Ergo cùm Simplicio dicemus entelechiam ita <expan abbr="nuncupatã">nuncupatam</expan>, quod <foreign lang="grc">ἓντέλειον ἔχει</foreign>, ideſt, <lb></lb>vnum perfectum continet. </s> <s>vel quòd <foreign lang="grc">ἓχει τὸ ἐντελὲς</foreign>, ideſt, habet perfectionem. </s> <s>aut quia <expan abbr="quęq́">quęque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>res per actum conſecuta fuerit quòd vna ſit, atque illa quidem perfecta, aut continuatio perfe<lb></lb>ctionis, ideſt, habitus ſecundum <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> ſeu poſſeſsio finis. </s> <s>Quicquid ſit, iudicio noſtro no<lb></lb>tat aliquid cuius ipſa ſit, non quidem vt pendeat ab illo, ſed alicuius, quod <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> pendeat ab ipſa: <lb></lb>ita vt habitudo hæc ſit potius <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> nos, quàm <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> natura, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, or<lb></lb>dinat <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan> ad <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>, & vult <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan> à perfecto pendere <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> ſine ipſo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit, id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <pb pagenum="136"></pb>bene ſe habet, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> genus cauſſę, vt poſteà dicemus, habet duas <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan>, <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> quidem, vt non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1051"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pendeat ab alio, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> verò vt alia pendeant ab ipſo. </s> <s>Idcircò Deus, cùm ſit eiuſmodi ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> prima, & ſumma eſt, & ſimpliciter entelechia, quæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> excepta <lb></lb>eſt ab omni habitudine, licet à nobis propter <expan abbr="captũ">captum</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> opinor, cum aliqua habitudine <expan abbr="cõpre-hendat̃">compre<lb></lb>hendatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſummas illas eſſentias, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> per ſe ipſas (non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id humano ingenio licet, aut ęgrè) <lb></lb>ſed in inferioribus, & obnoxiis ſenſui concipimus; ac ſiquid eſt quod vndequaque perfectum, <lb></lb>& abſolutum numeris omnibus humana capiat mens, id notat nomine <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ εἳδους</foreign>, quod ſignificat <lb></lb>ſpeciem, cui ſanè propter ſenſilis materiæ coniunctionem accidit, vt per ſe ſubſiſtat, & ſimul per<lb></lb>ſpicua nobis ſit. </s> <s>Diſtribuitur autem entelechia in primam ac ſecundam: & primam ſanè quæ <lb></lb>eſt vt habitus qui quidem in viuente quid ſignificantius eſt, quàm in animo carentibus; expri<lb></lb>mit enim <foreign lang="grc">τὸ κύριον</foreign>, & imperium quoddam in corpus, cuiuſmodi non eſt in animo carentibus, <lb></lb>ſecundam verò quæ dicitur energia ſic nuncupata <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τοῦ ἠργου</foreign>, quod eſt officium, quia per ip<lb></lb>ſam in officio ſit res, quam item ego non verebor in agendo ſolùm conſtituere, verumetiam in <lb></lb>patiendo. </s> <s>Quocirca ſenſum & mentem energian appellatam fuiſſe puto, quicquid de hac re de<lb></lb>cernant Græci interpretes, quæ propriè ſignificat pręſentiam actuoſi in patibili. </s> <s>Quanquam quid <lb></lb>ego id aſſeuerare verear, cùm idem ore ſuo pronunciet Ariſtoteles? </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> præter ea quę de ſenſitrice <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1052"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1053"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>facultate teſtatus eſt, quam in perpeſsionis genere abſolutè collocarat, & poſteà videre & audire <lb></lb>vocauit <foreign lang="grc">ἐν<gap></gap>γοῦν</foreign>. </s> <s>hæc addidit etiam, vt nihil expreſsius eloqui potuerit. </s> <s>“<foreign lang="grc">Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ὡς τοῦ <lb></lb>αὐτοῦ ὄιτος τοῦ πασχειν καὶ τοῦ χινεῖαιν, καὶ τοῦ ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>”, & quæ ſequuntur, ideſt. </s> <s>Primum quidem <lb></lb>tanquam idem ſit pati & moueri & agere vel operari. </s> <s>Ergo etiam entelechia, & energia ſimpli<lb></lb>citer actuoſi præſentiam in patibili ſignificat, & communiter amplectitur omnem gradum, quo <lb></lb>resipſæ ſunt, quicunque ille ſit, quo licet dicere hoc eſſe nunc, ſiue ad id ſit inſtituta aliqua certa <lb></lb>poteſtas, quemadmodum in rebus natura conſtantibus, ſiue nullus ad eam ſit ordo, velut in arti<lb></lb>ficioſis. </s> <s>Hæc rurſus aut eſt imperfecta, & cum ſucceſsione quadam, & ſignificatione diuerſorum <lb></lb>temporum, vt ſubſtructio nauis, ædificatio, in qua pars aliqua fit, nec dum facta eſt. </s> <s>Idcircò non <lb></lb>licet dicere, ædificat ſimul, & ędificauit; aut perfecta, & tota ſimul, vt nullis temporis differentiis <lb></lb>interſtinguatur, veluti viſio, nanque in hoc officio & videre & vidiſſe ſunt ſimul; neque ei quod <lb></lb>eſt vidiſſe anteceſsit id quod eſt videre, quemadmodum ei, quod eſt ædificatum eſſe, præceſsit <lb></lb>ædificari. </s> <s>Ex altera parte poteſtas eſt principium agendi, aut patiendi quam à ſubſtantia re ipſa <lb></lb>non differre poſthàc oſtendemus, vel habitudo ſcilicet ad functionem, quæ item duplex eſt, aut <lb></lb>remota & indeterminata ad oppoſita, quę quidem ab Auerroë nomine poſsibilitatis exprimitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1054"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut eſt proxima, & iam determinata ad alteram partem contradictionis, quę propriè potentia di<lb></lb>cebatur ab Auerroë, ſignificat autem abſentiam quidem actus, ſed notat tamen <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> ipſum impen<lb></lb>dere, quæ item duplex eſt, vel eſſentialis, hoc eſt, inſtituta in actum quæ eſt forma: vel accidenta<lb></lb>ria, ideſt inſtituta in actum, qui eſt functio. </s> <s>Quanquam poteſtas etiam ſumitur pro illo ſubiecto <lb></lb>in quo eſt ordo ad actum, ſeu pro illo in quo poteſt recipi actus, quod item bipartito ſe habet; <lb></lb>etenim id in quo poteſt recipi actus, aut habet ordinem ad ipſum actum, quemadmodum in na<lb></lb>turalibus, aut eo caret, velut in artificioſis. </s> <s>Ex quo etiam duplex actus erui poteſt, alter qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>perficiat potentiam ad ſeipſum directam qui conuenit rebus naturalibus, atque alter qui perficit <lb></lb>ſanè aliquam poteſtatem, ſed illam quidem non ad ſeipſum directam, & quaſi per accidens: id <lb></lb>quod vſuuenit in iis quæ fiunt ab arte. </s> <s>vnde etiam progreſſus à tali potentia ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> actum expreſ<lb></lb>ſus eſt nomine in dicante <expan abbr="motionẽ">motionem</expan>, velut actionis, factionis, & generationis. </s> <s>Quocirca, ſiquis velit <lb></lb>omnes motiones cum à natura factas, tum etiam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturales ſub hac definitione comprehendi, <lb></lb>cogetur item aſſumere actum & potentiam in communiſsimo ſignificato. </s> <s>Ea verò quæ in defini<lb></lb>tione motus accipitur, non eſt vt ſubiectum ſed vt habitudo ad actum & abſentia quædam actus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1055"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qui tamen impendeat, ſiue eſſentialis ſit, ſeu accidentarius. </s> <s>An'ne verò actus ille primus ſit, an ſe<lb></lb>cundus, an item poteſtas proxima aut remota, ſi diſtinctio quędam adhibeatur, facilè dignoſci po<lb></lb>terit. </s> <s>Etenim ſi reſpiciamus id à quo proficiſcitur motus, negari nequit eum eſſe actum <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan>: <lb></lb>oportet enim id quod mouetur, ab eo moueri quod eſt non modo actu per ſuam certam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed eiuſmodi etiam, vt ſecundum illam agat: at poteſtas in mobili cùm ſit ad formam & <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, <lb></lb>prorſus erit prima, ſed cùm exerceatur ad vlteriorem actum <expan abbr="perfectioremq́">perfectioremque</expan>. </s> <s>procedens; erit mo<lb></lb>tus actus ille in mobili qui reſpondet primę potentię, ſed imperfectus: quia porrò talis actus, vbi <lb></lb>perfectus fuerit, iam extinctus eſt motus, & quies ei ſucceſsit. </s> <s>Quamobrem motus eſt actus pri<lb></lb>mus imperfectus eius quod eſt in potentia prima, ad actum perfectum. </s> <s>Ex quo poteſt defendi <lb></lb>Alexander ab impetu Simplicij, <expan abbr="noſtręq́">noſtręque</expan>. </s> <s>ętatis ſcriptorum, quia definiuerit motum primam mu<lb></lb>tationem eius quod eſt in potentia, quatenus tale: ſi modò <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> accipiamus, & <lb></lb>vt tria ſignificat, primò quidem motum qui pręſefert <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> quandam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> continuatione <expan abbr="cõ-iunctam">con<lb></lb>iunctam</expan>, deinde <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> ſine continuatione, & eiuſmodi quæ ſubitò fiat, veluti <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> vltimum <lb></lb>non eſſe rei quę corrumpebatur, <expan abbr="cõmutatur">commutatur</expan> cum primo eſſe rei quę genita eſt, poſtremò <expan abbr="tranſitũ">tranſitum</expan> <lb></lb>de poteſtate ſecunda ad actum ſecundum, & ex otio ad negotium, quæ quidem per ſe temporis <pb pagenum="137"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1056"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>puncto exiſtit; per accidens autem cum tempore iuncta eſt; quemadmodum poſteà dicemus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò fit vt idem per idem non omnino definiatur, ſed tanquam primum, quod eſt in iis quę ſunt <lb></lb>ad vnum (talis eſt enim motus in genere mutationis) per quoddam quod ſit ratione prius, veluti <lb></lb>dictum eſt ſuprà, cùm de communi ad vnum longo progreſſu diſceptauimus: ac ſi mente conci<lb></lb>piamus actum illum imperfectum qui præſtò eſt ei quod mouetur, ſemper eſſe coniunctum <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>quodam nouo gradu formæ ſuccedentis quæ ſanè cum motu ſucceſsiuè affertur, vbi forma ſit <lb></lb>diuidua, quomodo ponitur forma accidentis, & eſt eiuſdem prædicamenti, vel conſequitur mu<lb></lb>tationem, quæ fit in ſubſtantia, cùm efficiens exhibendo formam tribuit item conſequentia for<lb></lb>mam; ſic erit mutatio prima; cùm ſit è potentia eſſentiali ad actum primum qui eſt acquiſitio <lb></lb>formæ, vel in prędicamentis accidentis habitu & actu concepto, vel in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Cùm verò for<lb></lb>ma ſit in ſubſtantiis indiuidua, in accidente verò per partes inducatur; ac præceptum in iis quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ad vnum, ſeruare oporteat, vt in primis de primo iudicium faciamus; quandò motus ad <lb></lb>locum primus eſt omnium, & in eo forma partitur; actus propriè ſumetur, ideſt, acceſsio formę: <lb></lb>cùm verò in mutatione ſubſtantiæ forma ſubito exiſtat, ille proceſſus in potentia ponetur quæ <lb></lb>ſanè actui proportione reſpondebit, neque tamen erit actus, quanquam de his poſthàc ſatis. </s> <s>Ne<lb></lb>que verò in Alexandręa definitione mendum latêre puto, vt ſcilicet pro mutatione legendum ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1057"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actus. </s> <s>Cur enim conferat operam ſuam Simplicius in Alexandri reprehenſionem, ſi inſit ſuſpi<lb></lb>cio de menda? </s> <s>Sed hæc iam nimis multa.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1045"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1046"></margin.target>a 2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1047"></margin.target>b 1. Meteo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1048"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1049"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1050"></margin.target>Diſcep. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>immor. </s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1051"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1052"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1053"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1054"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1055"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1056"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1057"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Plura de certo motus genere diſſeruntur cum Ariſtotelis interpretibus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò quantum eſt de genere motus, adeò varia dicuntur à Peripateticis, vt non ſit facile <lb></lb>veritatem è tanta rerum varietate ſeligere. </s> <s>Nam legimus Plotinum exiſtimaſſe motum ef<lb></lb>ficere vnum quoddam prædicamentum ab iis decem quæ cunctis ſunt perſpicua diuerſum. </s> <s>nec <lb></lb>animaduertiſſe <expan abbr="prædicamẽtum">prædicamentum</expan> à duobus tanquam initiis efformari, à certo quodam modo quo <lb></lb>res ſunt, & certa quadam figura dictionis qua per vocem exprimatur. </s> <s>Itaque poſtquam nulla eſt <lb></lb>certa figura dictionis quæ ſit eius propria, nec vllus modus quo res ipſæ ſunt quo diſtinguatur à <lb></lb>cęteris; quoniam habet modum actionis, aut affectionis, ſeu paſsionis quę omnia certum habent <lb></lb>genus, ad quod referantur, ſiue qualitatem, ſeu maius inter ſe reſpicientia. </s> <s>Planum igitur, quòd <lb></lb>nullum aliud genus ſuprà decem illa notiſsima ponendum eſt, aut hoc nomine ſaltem quòd ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1058"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illud pertineat motus. </s> <s>Et planè cùm partes motus ordinem inter ſe habeant qui quidem vni<lb></lb>uocationis ingenio repugnat, ea verò deſideretur in quolibet prædicamento, quis audeat affir<lb></lb>mare motum per ſeſe eſſe prædicamentum? </s> <s>Alexandrum verò parum ſibi conſtantem reperi<lb></lb>mus (ſolet autem auctoritas inconſtantia leuari) cum modò, quantum coniicere eſt ex iis quę tri<lb></lb>buunt ipſi Philoponus & Simplicius, credat motum genere vacare, atque ad vnum eſſe prorſus; <lb></lb>aliàs ipſum referat ad ea quæ ſub eandem rationem cadunt, & ſe viciſsim reſpiciunt. </s> <s>Genere, <lb></lb>quidem excluſit ob eam ſcilicet, rationem <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> nuper attigimus, & anteà latiſsimè expreſsimus: <lb></lb>quia nimirum pertinet ad plura prædicamenta. </s> <s>Et quamuis obſeruetur Ariſtoteles referre mo<lb></lb>tum aut ad quantum, aut ad ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid; nihil dicat obſtare, quominus habeat in ſe <lb></lb>alias rationes propter quas ſit vniuocus, & ſub certo genere, ac prædicamento contineatur; non <lb></lb>ſecus atque plures Alexandri qui, quamuis ambigui ſint, omnes tamen vniuocè homines & ani<lb></lb>malia ſunt. </s> <s>Necnon idem iudicium de definito faciendum eſt & partibus eius. </s> <s>Sed partes in eius <lb></lb>definitione poſitæ non ſunt vniuocæ, actus videlicet & poteſtas. </s> <s>ſunt enim ex earum rerum ge<lb></lb>nere quæ philoſophi tranſcendentia nuncupant, Gręci <foreign lang="grc">ἐπαναβεβηκότα</foreign>. </s> <s>Quamobrem neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1059"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>definitio poteſt eſſe vniuoca: nec ob id definitum qui eſt motus. </s> <s>Idem quoque grauiſsimus au<lb></lb>ctor motum ad ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid, retuliſſe perſpicitur; quanquam id non proximè, verùm <lb></lb>intercedente qualitate. </s> <s>Exiſtimabat enim motum ita eſſe qualitatem, quia foret affectio. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>qualitas ſit aut permanens, aut in ſucceſsione poſita; atque <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan>, vel ſit iam abſoluta ab efficien<lb></lb>te, quam Gręci <foreign lang="grc">καθ' ἑξιν</foreign> vocant, vel ab eo pendens, quæ <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ σχέσῖν</foreign> appellatur, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ex eo <lb></lb>genere qualitatis eſſe, quod eſt cum aliqua ſucceſsione, & ab alio pendens: proinde ad ea refe<lb></lb>rendum quæ ſunt ad aliquid. </s> <s>Neque enim, inquit, abſurdum eſt quoddam genus qualitatis eſſe <lb></lb>ad aliud. </s> <s>Nanque & Ariſtoteles ipſe mentionem facit de qualitatibus illis quæ conſtant ex hac <lb></lb>duplici ratione; vtpotè quæ ſpectentur vt formæ & habitus ſubiecti cuiuſpiam, & vt referunt <lb></lb>aliud. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eius generis ſunt lumen, & omnes imagines rerum ſenſilium. </s> <s>Nanque lumen eſt ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1060"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bitus quidam perſpicui, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimus eſt imago lucis, & echo eſt acris affectus & imago ſoni. </s> <s>ita <lb></lb>& calor ineſt inferro candente per affectionem, & pendet adhuc ab efficiente. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt, <lb></lb>quòd ſi ferrum arceatur ab igni, priſtinam frigiditatem recuperat. </s> <s>& planius quaſdam tales eſſe <lb></lb>docuit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diſpoſitionem, rectius affectionem dixeris, & habitum. </s> <s>nam ſunt de primo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1061"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genere qualitatis, <expan abbr="eædemq́ue">eædemque</expan> ſunt ad aliud. </s> <s>Neque item eſt præter opinionem, quòd nomine <pb pagenum="138"></pb>qualitatis ſignificetur quiddam in quo ſit ſucceſsio: quandò paſsio & diſpoſitio quæ re vera <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1062"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nondum abſolutæ res ſunt, qualitates quodammodo appellentur. </s> <s>& quoniam, ſicut ea quæ ge<lb></lb>neratur, eſt ſubſtantia, nec quidem ſimpliciter; verùm fiens: ſic etiam id per quod fit quantum <lb></lb>& quale, quantitas eſt & qualitas, non ſanè abſoluta & facta, ſed imperfecta, & quæ fiat. </s> <s>Atta<lb></lb>men, etſi omnia ab Alexandro cum aliqua ratione dicta ſunt, nihilominus acerrimos oppugna<lb></lb>tores habuerunt, & qui his commoti quæ ſubſcribemus, ab Alexandro defecerint, iure'ne an in<lb></lb>iuria poſteà videbimus. </s> <s>Opponitur primum. </s> <s>Si motus eſſet ad aliquid, haberet alterum com<lb></lb>par ſibi reſpondens, id verò eſſet aut mouens, aut mobile. </s> <s>Sed neutrum ex his eſſe poteſt, mul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1063"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="toq́">toque</expan>. </s> <s>minus ex vtriſque coniunctum. </s> <s>Nullo igitur pacto videtur motus eſſe ad aliquid. </s> <s>Veritas <lb></lb>connexi perſpicitur ex his quæ docet Ariſtoteles de habitudine motus. </s> <s>Aſſumptum verò ſic ap<lb></lb>probamus; ſiquidem habitudo motus ad mobile ſit tanquam accidentis ad ſubſtantiam; atqui <lb></lb>ea non eſt vera habitudo: aliter omnia accidentia forent ad aliquid, & eſſet vnum commune ge<lb></lb>nus, & vniuocum omnium accidentium, nempe eſſe ad aliquid. </s> <s>Neque item motus eſt ad aliud <lb></lb>propter ipſum mouens, quia ſic ſe habet vt effectus ad cauſſam. </s> <s>neque item hæc eſt veta habitu<lb></lb>do. </s> <s>nam ſi minus: ſic omnia referrentur ad Deum qui eſt omnium cauſſa: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſent in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1064"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prædicamento quæ ſeſe viciſsim reſpiciunt, non minus ſubſtantiæ, quàm accidentia. </s> <s>Deinde, ſi <lb></lb>motum habitudo abſolueret; cùm ea pariter ad patiens <expan abbr="agensq́">agensque</expan>. </s> <s>pertineat; efficeret vt motus ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1065"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>æquo agens <expan abbr="patiensq́">patiensque</expan>. </s> <s>reſpiceret. </s> <s>At non ita eſt tùm quia per ſubiectum exiſtit, & <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1066"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tùm quòd ab agente ſeparatur, & ſæpiſsimè latet agens. </s> <s>Tùm etiam poterit inſtare quiſpiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si motus eſt ad aliquid beneficio qualitatis, aut ita refertur ad illud prædicamentum, quantum <lb></lb>præſefert ſpecialem rationem motus, aut ob aliam quampiam rationem. </s> <s>Si ſecundum dederit, vt <lb></lb>ipſe dare cogitur, ſi ſibi conſtare voluerit: ergo, dicet quiſpiam, erit aliud <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan>, ad quod <lb></lb>pertinebit motus, quatenus pręſefert ſpecialem illam rationem qua eſt motus. </s> <s>Perſpicuum verò <lb></lb>eſt id conſequi, proptereà quòd veriſimile eſt aliquod eſſe genus ad quod pertineat, quatenus <lb></lb>ipſe motus eſt. </s> <s>Cæterùm valeant hęc, quantum poſſunt. </s> <s>nobis enim facilis patebit exitus ad hęc <lb></lb>omnia è noſtris decretis. </s> <s>ad eadem quoque facilè reſpondere poſſet Alexander. </s> <s>Sed quoniam <lb></lb>inuenère fidem apud <expan abbr="nõnullos">nonnullos</expan>, & ob eam cauſſam repudiata eſt aliquando eius ſententia, viſum <lb></lb>eſt illa in medio ponere. </s> <s>Quanquam mihi obſtare Alexandri ſententiæ videbatur, quòd ſi per <lb></lb>qualitatem referretur motus ad ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid; neceſſe erat exponere, quod' nam genus <lb></lb>eſſet qualitatis. </s> <s>neque enim pariter omnia eſſe poterant; quandò aliqua ſunt quibus cum motu <lb></lb>nulla affinitas intercedit, vt docebimus de primo, ſecundo, & quarto genere qualitatis; ſed perti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1067"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>net ſolum motus ad tertiam eius ſpeciem. </s> <s>quòd ſi hanc acceperis, etiam motus, aut erit ipſamet <lb></lb>paſsio: & ſic motus, cùm fiat ſecundum paſsionem; fiet quoque motus ſecundum motum, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>non minus erit abſurdum, quàm ſi motum moueri ponatur: aut cum motus in eo genere ſit al<lb></lb>teratio, vt aiunt, omnis motus erit alteratio. </s> <s>Conferamus igitur nos ad ea quæ illi profecti ſunt <lb></lb>qui Alexandro ſucceſſerunt. </s> <s>Philoponus ergo quem Auicennam imitatum eſſe video, motum <lb></lb>quidem vniuocum eſſe conceſsit, tamen prædicamento excluſit: cùm ea crederet in prædicamen<lb></lb>to contineri quæ abſoluta <expan abbr="perfectaq́">perfectaque</expan>. </s> <s>forent: motus autem quid imperfectum eſſet. </s> <s>Sed mirum, <lb></lb>mea quidem ſententia, quædam eſſe vniuoca, quæ tamen <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint in prędicamento, & Ariſtoteles, <lb></lb>vt viſum eſt ſuprà, quà de communi ad vnum, ea quæ ſunt extra prædicamenta etiam ab vniuo<lb></lb>catione reiiciebat, ac ſi vniuoca ſunt, in materia conueniunt; ob rationem communem quam <lb></lb>habent. </s> <s>ſi conueniunt in materia, & in genere igitur. </s> <s>Ergo & in prædicamento. </s> <s>Nam quòd vni<lb></lb>uoca ſint in materia, ſic concluditur. </s> <s>Vniuoca ſunt multa. </s> <s>In ſeparatis non eſt multitudo. </s> <s>ergo <lb></lb>neque ſeparata ſunt vniuoca. </s> <s>Tùm ſic conſtruo rationem. </s> <s>ſeparata non ſunt vniuoca. </s> <s>ab oppo<lb></lb>ſita igitur. </s> <s>Vniuoca non ſunt ſeparata. </s> <s>Et accepimus entium partitionem in parteis, hæc verò ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1068"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>decem prædicamenta, aut principia, aut affectiones entium, atque hæc, vel ſingulorum prædica<lb></lb>mentorum, vt punctum & vnitas quanti, vel plurium, ſicuti contingens & neceſſarium, àc ſi fue<lb></lb>rint ſingulorum, quid prohibet illa eſſe vniuoca? </s> <s>quòd ſi fuerint plurium, neceſſariò ſe habent ad <lb></lb>vnum, ſicut illa ad quę referuntur. </s> <s>Sic enim contraria prima ad ſubſtantiam ſolam pertinere do<lb></lb>cebat Ariſtoteles, quòd ea quæ ad alia prædicamenta referrentur, prima non eſſent, ſicuti neque <lb></lb>etiam prima eſſent reliqua prædicamenta, ſed vna ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Motus igitur, cùm plura prædica<lb></lb>menta peruagetur, vniuocum quid eſſe non poteſt. </s> <s>Præterquam quòd omnino falſum eſt im<lb></lb>perfecta arceri à prædicamento. </s> <s>Nam quid aliud obſecro ſunt diſpoſitio & affectio, quàm im<lb></lb>perfectæ quædam qualitates? </s> <s>& tamen in genere qualitatis ab Ariſtotele collocantur? </s> <s>Potuit il<lb></lb>lud rectè dici ea generis illius appellationem non impetraſſe. </s> <s>neque enim paſsio qualitas eſt, aut <lb></lb>diſpoſitio: quandò à qualitate quales appellantur, à diſpoſitione verò & paſsione quales nomi<lb></lb>nari non poſſumus: ſed hæc de prędicamento expungere, magna nimium petitio videtur. </s> <s>Quid? <lb></lb></s> <s>non'ne poteſtas eſt ſua quoque in ſingulis prædicamentis? </s> <s>Poſt hos igitur Auerroës & D. Tho<lb></lb>mas hunc nodum aliter diſſoluens conati ſunt, vtpotè, adhibita diſtinctione motus in formam <pb pagenum="139"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1069"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fluentem & fluxum formæ, dicentes, ſi motus accipiatur vt forma fluens, id eſſe quod hîc aſſeue<lb></lb>rat Ariſtoteles: nam ſic motus eſt forma imperfecta, dum acquiritur, differens, ſcilicet, à forma <lb></lb>perfecta, quòd plus minusue ad illam accedat; ſed ea tamen à fluxu non abſoluitur, nec fixa eſt, <lb></lb>aut permanens; itaque verbali ſignificari ſolet veluti calefactio, cùm cęteroquin habitus & for<lb></lb>ma nomine ſignificentur, vt calor atque caliditas; & quoniam ex actu <expan abbr="potentiaq́">potentiaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtat, hæc <lb></lb>verò ordine quodam pertinent ad plura prædicamenta; ita etiam motus erit ad totidem, <expan abbr="eadẽq́">eadenque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>prædicamenta referendus, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem non erit vniuocus. </s> <s>hoc verò pacto conſiderari ipſum <lb></lb>& definiri volunt 3. Phyſ. in qua ſanè re non ſunt diſcordes ipſi & Alexander. </s> <s>Quòd ſi motus, <lb></lb>vt fluxus formę ſpectetur (quid autem id ſibi velit, mox explanabimus) tum inquiunt eſſe per ſe <lb></lb>genus, & ad vnum certum genus ab Ariſtotele referri, vel ad ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid, vel etiam ad <lb></lb>paſsionem & qualitatem; tametſi teſtatur Auerroës ipſum referri ad paſsionem ſecundum for<lb></lb>mam, hoc eſt, ſecundum figuram dictionis. </s> <s>Verùm luſtranti mihi varia loca Ariſtotelis, ſubue<lb></lb>nit, motum nonnunquam reuocari ad quantum, aliàs haberi paſsionem. </s> <s>& cùm ſit paſsio re ve<lb></lb>ra, veluti poſteà dicetur, diſcedo libenter ab Auerroë aſſerente ipſum eſſe paſsionem ex figura di<lb></lb>ctionis, referri verò motum ad quantum per accidens teſtatur ipſemet Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Non poſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1070"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſum verò non admirari nonnullos qui putant viam in formam, quatenus eſt huiuſmodi, ab actu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1071"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illo potentiæ diſtingui qui deſcribitur ab Ariſtotele & in definitione motus vſurpatur; ſicut & <lb></lb>alios qui putant motum eſſe in quanto, quali, <expan abbr="cęterisq́">cęterisque</expan>. </s> <s>generibus vt in ſubiecto. </s> <s>cùm actus & po<lb></lb>teſtas ſint elementa prędicamentorum, è quibus non eſt probabile quicquam conſtitui, quod in <lb></lb>eo prædicamento ſit accidens, ſed potius pars. </s> <s>Nam motus re vera eſt forma illa imperfecta quę <lb></lb>ſcilicet eſt cum fluxu. </s> <s>Quanquàm non negauerim motum qui eſt ſecundum aliquod accidens, <lb></lb>ineſſe vt accidens, in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>imitatur enim illud prædicamentum, ſecundum quod eſt. </s> <s>Ne<lb></lb>que tamen verebimur, licet actus & poteſtas ſint elementa, ne fortè motus qui eſt actus quidam, <lb></lb>ſit & ipſe elementum. </s> <s>actus enim & poteſtas ſimpliciter ſunt elementa: at motus actus quidam <lb></lb>eſt, & potentiam continet, non ſimpliciter, ſed quodammodo. </s> <s>Proptereà motus non eſt princi<lb></lb>pium, veluti neque illa quæ ex actu & potentia conſtant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1058"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1059"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1060"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>Mem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1061"></margin.target>b Præd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1062"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1063"></margin.target>Ratio I.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1064"></margin.target>II.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1065"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1066"></margin.target>III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1067"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1068"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1069"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1070"></margin.target>a 5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1071"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Thomiſtarum de natura motus ſententia recitatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò quidam ex iunioribus fauent partibus D. Thomę, <expan abbr="eiusq́ue">eiusque</expan> ſententiam, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1072"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia communem reputant, ſumma diligentia explanant: nos eorum dicta colligamus in <lb></lb>pauca, atque pro virili noſtra diiudicemus. </s> <s>Ita igitur ipſi rationem formalem motus inueſtiga<lb></lb>turi more conſueto primùm partiuntur ipſum in formam fluentem & fluxum formæ: atque re<lb></lb>ctè, ni fallor, licet vtraque re ſint eadem, ratione tamen diſtinguunt, formam fluentem in illo ge<lb></lb>nere collocantes in quo eſt forma quæ per motum comparatur: ſicut enim forma ipſa eſt quali<lb></lb>tas, vt albedo, ſic poteſtas & via in hanc formam qualitas ſit, neceſſe eſt ad idem prędicamentum <lb></lb>actu & poteſtate pertinentibus. </s> <s>Eſt autem forma hæc fluens, forma imperfecta quæ tendit in <lb></lb>ſuam perfectionem: ſed in hac animaduertitur quidam fluxus & extenſio qui eſt progreſſus ille <lb></lb>formæ ab imperfecto ad perfectum; ſe habet autem ad formam fluentem, quemadmodum for<lb></lb>ma ad materiam. </s> <s>eſt verò fluxus hic medium & via per quam forma ſubiecto accedit, atque ma<lb></lb>teriæ. </s> <s>& hæc, inquiunt, eſt ipſa ratio motus in qua diuiſio ineſt quoquo pacto: puto verò tacitè <lb></lb>id ſignificari; quia diuiſio ſit propria affectio quanti: quapropter etiam motus referatur ad <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan>, tanquam ad ſuum genus. </s> <s>Sed enim, ratio diuiſionis in motu, cùm ſit multiplex, vt ea quæ <lb></lb>dicuntur, melius intelligi queant, exponendum eſt de partibus diuiſionis quæ pertinent ad mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1073"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum, vt eam modò pertractemus quam D. Thomas accommodat ad inſtitutum. </s> <s>Inquiunt <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>diuiſionis peti primum à ſubiecto; cùm verò ipſum ſit duplex, vel id de quo prædicatur moueri <lb></lb>vt Socrates, vel id ſecundum quod fit motus, atque hoc diſtribuatur in quatuor pręcipua genera, <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, quantum, quale & vbi; eſt in Socrate primùm ea ratione diuiſio, quia eum ex ma<lb></lb>teria conſtet, quantum per ſe eſt: ex quo ſępe efficitur, vt non ex toto, ſed ex parte moueatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>verbigratia, primùm oritur cor, mox cerebrum, poſteà lingua, ſic afficitur aqua primùm ex ea <lb></lb>parte qua tangitur ab igni; vnde exortum eſt duplex mutationum genus: alterum quod fit per <lb></lb>partes ſucceſsiuè: atque alterum quod fit omni ex parte ſimul velut aquæ congelatio & concre<lb></lb>tio lactis, quæ ſanè diuiſio reſpicit quantum per ſe. </s> <s>Prætereà ſic diuidi poteſt quælibet forma: <lb></lb>quoniam varios gradus ac terminos aſſequi poteſt. </s> <s>ſic dum fit Socrates eſt primum planta, dein<lb></lb>de animal, vltimo loco homo & in incremento primùm quantitas anguſtis terminis clauditur, <lb></lb>exinde contrahit ampliores. </s> <s>Et hæc diuiſio perſpicitur in ipſo quali: proinde notatur illis no<lb></lb>minibus, quibus ſignificantur termini qualitatis, nimirùm gradibus. </s> <s>Potiſsimè verò diuiſionis <lb></lb>ratio perſpicitur in ipſo vbi; quandò prædicamentum hoc <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> locum qui per ſe quantus eſt, <lb></lb>& latio materialiter accepta, ſiue vt forma fluens, eſt quidam locus, ſeu potius vbi quoddam <pb pagenum="140"></pb>imperfectum quod non abſoluitur à quanto. </s> <s>Denique talis diuidendi ratio per vniuerſa illa ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1074"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nera pertinet ſecundum quæ fit propriè motus. </s> <s>itaque eſt quiddam commune ad vnum, & per <lb></lb>ſuas parteis ad ſingula pro ratione accommodatur. </s> <s>Sic ſua diuiſionis eſt ratio ſecundum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>in quanto, quali, & vbi, neque ab hac diuidendi formula abhorret ipſa ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Tertiò ſumi<lb></lb>tur, vt aiunt, diuiſio à mora in qua fit motus, quæ planè ortum ducit à certa proportione quæ in<lb></lb>ter agens & patiens intercedit ex quo motus celer, aut tardus appellari ſolet. </s> <s>credo autem eam <lb></lb>propriè tempus eſſe, aut ſaltem ab illo non abſtrahi. </s> <s>Poſtremò diuiſio in motu eſt ſucceſsiua <lb></lb>contractio diuerſorum graduum, ſiue partium, vt ſolent aliqui dicere, formæ quæ certè tempus <lb></lb>non eſt, vt ipſi volunt, atque à tempore ſeparatur, cùm tempus habeat rationem rei perfectæ, <lb></lb>itaque certam conſtituit ſpeciem in prædicamento quantitatis: atqui illa contractio cum ſucceſ<lb></lb>ſione partium formę imperfectę rei rationem habet, neque propriam vllam per ſe ſpeciem facit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Modi enim rerum, partes, & viæ ad formas ſpeciem non efformant, cùm ab eo conſtituantur cu<lb></lb>ius ſunt viæ, partes, & modi; in quibus ſucceſsio iſta numeranda eſt. </s> <s>Nam ſpecies ipſa forma <lb></lb>completur; habet enim certam denominationem quæ eſt vniuerſa ex forma; ſed poteſtas, mo<lb></lb>dus, via, & pars poſſunt aliquid eſſe formæ, neutiquam tamen formæ. </s> <s>His ſtantibus ea decernun<lb></lb>tur ab ipſis. </s> <s>In primis rationem illam diuiſionis quæ priore loco expoſita eſt, non eſſe motui <lb></lb>familiarem, quia proficiſcitur à ſubiecto, & eſt per accidens. </s> <s>Neque item ſecundam eo quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1075"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæc datur extra motum quem nunc definire inſtituimus: nam datur in generatione ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>quam ſub motu qui tractatur in præſentia, <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> negant. </s> <s>Negant quoque illam tertiam, quia <lb></lb>nihil eſt aliud omnino quàm tempus; hoc autem non conſtituit motum, ſed comitatur, cùm ſit <lb></lb>numerus eius, aut affectio, <expan abbr="ſpeciesq́">ſpeciesque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe ipſam à motu ſeparata. </s> <s>Neque enim illi obſtat, quo<lb></lb>minus ſit quędam ſpecies abſoluta, quia ſit affectio, quemadmodum obſtabat, ſi modus, aut pars, <lb></lb>aut via fuiſſet. </s> <s>Ob id, cùm ad præſtandum motum plura requirantur, & ex his interna aliqua, <lb></lb>nonnulla externa. </s> <s>in externis tempus collocatur. </s> <s>Sed vltimam prorſus pertinere dicunt ad mo<lb></lb>tum quæ, ſcilicet, eſt partitio per gradus & parteis formæ. </s> <s>Ab his tranſeunt ad ea quæ <expan abbr="cõſequun-tur">conſequun<lb></lb>tur</expan> ex his, quorum primum ad propoſitam quæſtionem pertinet. </s> <s>Cùm enim quæritur genus <lb></lb>motus; quantum hîc accipiendum eſt: quoniam motus ita conſideratus, vt contractio ſucceſsi<lb></lb>ua diuerſorum graduum continet rationem diuiſionis quæ per ſe ſpectat ad quantum, at cùm <lb></lb>quędam res imperfecta ſit, nec ſpeciem proptereà conſtituat. </s> <s>ex hoc effici, vt expungatur ali<lb></lb>quando è genere quanti; veruntamen ad quantum refertur. </s> <s>nam cęteroquin entis ea diuiſio, de <lb></lb>qua 3. Phyſ. exponitur, eſt communis rebus perfectis & imperfectis. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1076"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpectat ad reliqua fluxus iſte communiter accipitur, & tam pertinet ad eum qui fit cum ſucceſsio<lb></lb>ne, quàm ad eum qui veſtigio temporis obitur quem propriè mutationem vocari dicunt. </s> <s>Nan<lb></lb>que & generatio motus eſt communiter & fluxus: cùm in ea quoque ſit ratio generalis motus <lb></lb>& fluxus, nempe ratio medij, ſubiectum actu, & aliqua repugnantia, ſiue renitentia, quæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>omnia ad efficiendum motum concurrant neceſſe eſt, licet non compleant ipſum, nec ſpecificè <lb></lb>conſtituant: ſed prætereà ſucceſsionis differentia flagitetur per quam propriè motus à mutatio<lb></lb>ne propriè dicta ſeparatur. </s> <s>Habes igitur omnem D. Thomæ ſententiam, quantum licuit, breui<lb></lb>ter expoſitam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1072"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1073"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1074"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1075"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1076"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Confutatur ſententia Thomiſtarum, & ſeligitur ille motus qui proponitur ad definiendum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ITA defenditur à nonnullis D. Thomæ ſententia. </s> <s>Sed eorum pace dicere nunc mihi liceat; <lb></lb>multas certè repugnantias inculcat quæ nobis ſunt ob auctoritatem patronorum mox iudi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1077"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>candę. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſtinguitur ſecunda ratio diuiſionis ab vltima: cùm vtraque ratio proponat <lb></lb>latitudinem formæ quæ per motum comparatur. </s> <s>niſi fortè ſecunda illa abſtrahatur à ſucceſsio<lb></lb>ne, & in ea ſolum habeatur ratio terminorum omni conſideratione viæ <expan abbr="ſucceſsionisq́">ſucceſsionisque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecluſa. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed neque ipſi docent; nec facilè apparet, vt ea partitio poſterior à ſucceſsione ſeparetur; cùm, <lb></lb>ſi quilibet terminus ſeorſum concipiatur, <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſubeat vnius rei <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> perfectę, & eiuſmodi, <lb></lb>vt ſpeciei vim obtineat. </s> <s>Sic & planta, & animal, & homo ſunt abſolutæ ſubſtantiæ, & vnum per <lb></lb>ſe ſingula. </s> <s>Quòd ſi conferantur hi gradus, vt continent rationem quandam exuperantiæ, & <expan abbr="cõ-parationis">con<lb></lb>parationis</expan>, perfectioris, ſcilicet, & imperfectioris; adhuc vt termini ſumuntur & inter ſe diſtin<lb></lb>cti proinde nullus hîc locus diuiſioni relinquitur. </s> <s>Si verò in iis actus & poteſtas obſeruentur, <lb></lb>& quatenus id quod eſt imperfectius à perfectiore poteſt informari, & cùm ſit in potentia, dedu<lb></lb>ci ad actum per quandam continuationem, aut non fuit hoc ſine aliqua præfatione ponendum; <lb></lb>aut à nobis hactenus concedendum non eſt qui ſucceſsionem quoque in ſubſtantiæ mutatione <lb></lb>volumus eſſe. </s> <s>Deinde referunt ſecundam ſpeciem diuiſionis ad varia prædicamenta, quartam <lb></lb>verò ſolum ad quantum, in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>collocant vniuerſam eſſentiam motus: cùm tamen idem reipſa <pb pagenum="141"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1078"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit modus vtriuſque diuiſionis; nempe ſecundum latitudinem formæ. </s> <s>Præterquàm quòd effi<lb></lb>ceretur, vt motus eſſet in primo modo <expan abbr="dicẽdi">dicendi</expan> per ſe quantus: veruntamen ab Ariſtotele cenſetur <lb></lb>quantus eſſe per accidens. </s> <s>Neque id ſufficit quod aiunt, motum arceri à quanto, quia ſit res quę<lb></lb>dam imperfecta. </s> <s>Tùm quia motus quidam naturalis eſt perfectio rei mobilis, vt in cęlo conuer<lb></lb>ſio cuius item vita & immortalitas exiſtimatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At verò, ſi audiant motum eſſe rem quandam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1079"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>imperfectam, quia quiſque ſit progreſſus ad formam, & conuerſionem hoc quoque modo im<lb></lb>perfectam eſſe profiteantur; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non eſſe propriè quantum. </s> <s>opponam ego nihil id prohibere, <lb></lb>quominus ſit abſolutè quantum. </s> <s>Nam quicquid habet imperfectionis, non ex quantitate, profi<lb></lb>ciſcitur, ſed ex aliis prædicamentis ſecundum quę fit motus. </s> <s>Nam, ſiquid habet imperfectionis <lb></lb>in genere quantitatis, ideſt, aut ſolius incrementi qui eſt motus ſecundum quantum, non motus <lb></lb>communiter, aut quòd in ſucceſsione poſitus eſt, nec permanet: attamen nouimus ſucceſsiuum <lb></lb>eſſe differentiam quanti, & ſucceſsiua vt quanti ſpecies haberi, & ſimpliciter quanta nuncupari. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem imperfectum quid erit ad cętera prædicamenta, vt generatio ſubſtantia imperfe<lb></lb>cta, itidem audio, imperfecta quantitas, & alteratio qualitas imperfecta, & latio vbi <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>: <lb></lb>ſed quòd motus ſimpliciter ſit quantitas imperfecta, nequaquam. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd in omni <lb></lb>motu ſemper eſt aliquid quod factum eſt; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quapropter eius merito quod factum eſt, ſaltem in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1080"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1081"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidentibus nominationem ſimpliciter à ſuo prædicamento accipiet, vt quanuis ſit calidum in <lb></lb>quinto gradu, & adhuc promoueri poſsit, calidum dicetur, & id multo magis in quantitate eue<lb></lb>niet, quò quantitas in infinitum minui poteſt propria ratione conſeruata. </s> <s>Nam quicquid poni<lb></lb>tur vltra certos terminos, tollit quidem rationem ſubſtantiæ vt carnis & oſsis, ſed non rationem <lb></lb>quantitatis. </s> <s>Tertiò diſtinguunt motum communiter in ſucceſsiuum & momentaneum, & dum <lb></lb>reddunt rationem, cur etiam momentaneus dicatur motus, afferunt omnes cauſſas quibus intro<lb></lb>ducitur tempus. </s> <s>Vnde enim obſecrò tempus aliunde quàm à reſiſtentia, & ab actu ſubiecti quod <lb></lb>habet formam oppoſitam? </s> <s>& vnde'nam ratio & diſtinctio motus propriè dicti ex illorum placi<lb></lb>tis, quam ex tempore? </s> <s>& tamen illi faciunt ſubiectum momentaneæ mutationis, & reſiſtentiam, <lb></lb>atque item fluxum illi tribuunt, quæ ſunt omnia cauſſa temporis. </s> <s>Adde etiam quòd in genera<lb></lb>tione ſubiectum in actu, aut ponendum non eſt; cùm fiat ea mutatio ex eo quod eſt in potentia <lb></lb>& non eſt per ſe, & proptereà diſtinguatur ab aliis mutationibus, aut, ſi in actu eſt, cur non fit in <lb></lb>tempore propter oppoſitionem formarum? </s> <s>Quin etiam non temere danda eſt illa diſtinctio in<lb></lb>ter motum & mutationem, quòd mutatio ſit momentanea, motus verò fiat in tempore: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1082"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alia magis propria <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſuccurrat, videlicet, quia mutatio ſit inter terminos priuatiuè oppoſitos. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1083"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Iterum vbi concedunt mutationem vniuersè habere ſubiectum in actu & reſiſtentiam. </s> <s>quid de <lb></lb>illuminatione dicendum eſt, & generatim de illis mutationibus quæ afferunt perfectionem? </s> <s>ibi <lb></lb>enim adeſt ſola priuatio ſine contrario & ſine vlla prorſus reſiſtentia, quorum beneficio tempo<lb></lb>ris puncto fiunt. </s> <s>Nam, quòd iſtiuſmodi tranſmutationes in tempore breuiſsimo, & quod ſenſum <lb></lb>fugiat, obeantur, ægrè conceſſerim. </s> <s>Prętereà quomodo cogitatur fluxus ſine priori & poſteriori? <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi enim ſimul fit mutatio tota, in eo quòd ſimul fit, vt ſi vndequaque fiat veluti conglaciatio, ſi <lb></lb>etiam quòd forma ſubitò accedat; ea ſanè fluxus non eſt. </s> <s>Si minus: ergo ibi prius & poſterius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquam illuminatio & reliquę mutationes, id genus, vel Ariſtotele auctore, ſunt habitudines <lb></lb>quædam agentis & formæ ad ſubiectum in quibus hoc poſt hoc ſolum adeſt, & nullus omnino <lb></lb>fluxus. </s> <s>Mitto nunc, quòd tempus ſpeciem per ſe faciat, quia ſit res quædam perfecta, nec via, <lb></lb>pars, aut modus, cùm ſic definiatur. </s> <s>Numerus motus ſecundum prius & poſterius, in qua de<lb></lb>ſcriptione liquet tempus eſſe alicuius, neque rem abſolutam, & ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aliquo modo, <lb></lb>quòd ſi id quod ſpeciem facturum eſt, abſolutum ſit, oportet; profectò tempus per ſe ſpeciem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1084"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non efficiet. </s> <s>Inſuper nihil dicunt de actione, perpeſsione, & habitudine cum quibus iuncta mo<lb></lb>tus eſſentia videtur. </s> <s>Sed certè illud vnum lapſus omnis in cauſſa fuit, quòd eos latuit poteſtas eo<lb></lb>rum communium quæ ſunt ad vnum. </s> <s>Proinde ſcire licet. </s> <s>Motum primò, ſiue mutationem <lb></lb>voces. </s> <s>Phyſ. 3. definiri quæ tamen ſpeciatim ſumitur. </s> <s>non ſanè, vt ſignificet hoc poſt hoc, quæ <lb></lb>ſubita eſſe poteſt: ſed tranſitum & progreſſum ab vno termino ad alterum qui in iis quæ per ſe <lb></lb>mouentur, in tempore fit, vt infrà etiam pluribus oſtendemus: & cùm è mutationibus quædam <lb></lb>per ſe ſint, nonnullæ per accidens quæ ſolent conſequi motum per ſe, & ſunt potius habitudines <lb></lb>quàm motus, velut illumina & viſio; addimus etiam ab hac definitione ſeiungi mutationes per <lb></lb>accidens. </s> <s>Atqui mutationum per ſe primum locum ſibi vendicat motus qui eſt ad locum; etiam <lb></lb>hunc præcęteris definitum fuiſſe dicimus. </s> <s>in hoc autem primùm <expan abbr="potiſsimeq́">potiſsimeque</expan>. </s> <s>ineſt vniuerſa ratio <lb></lb>ſucceſsionis, in reliquis verò cum ordine quodam: ſicut etiam ordinatè in illis ineſt ratio diuiſio<lb></lb>nis, in eo quidem qui eſt ad locum, primo, & deinceps in aliis. </s> <s>Ob id exponendum erit de ratione <lb></lb>diuiſionis, quę ineſt in eo motu, ſi diligenter aſſequi velimus, vt ea pertineat ad alios motus. </s> <s>Tùm <lb></lb>deinde, quoniam per ſe eſt actus quidam imperfectus, & adhuc ab efficiente pendens, & in ſub<lb></lb>iecto quodam exercetur: ſi velimus etiam ritè explicare genus ipſius motus, expediendum item <pb pagenum="142"></pb>eſt, vt attinet ad actionem & perpeſsionem & exinde ad habitudinem. </s> <s>ſiquidem actio & affectio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1085"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inter ſeſe comitentur, & vtræque motum reſpiciant. </s> <s>Nanque, vt motus eſt ab efficiente in <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <lb></lb>ſubiecto, rationem actionis & perpeſsionis includit. </s> <s>Quibus oſtenſis, perſpicuum quoque fiet, <lb></lb>vt variis modis ipſa notio motus ad diuerſa prædicamenta referatur ſeruato etiam in ſingulis or<lb></lb>dine, & vt aiunt, analogia quam dicimus intercedere inter ſpecies, ſeu parteis ipſius. </s> <s>verbigratia, <lb></lb>quod ad diuiſionem pertinet; vt in alteratione eſt diuiſio beneficio ſubiecti, gradus & temporis; <lb></lb>ineſt pendentia; ab actu quali exercetur in eo quod eſt potentia quale; & demum notat certam <lb></lb>agentis habitudinem ad patiens. </s> <s>ita dicendum de reliquis mutationibus ad ſubſtantiam, quantum <lb></lb>& vbi. </s> <s>Animaduerte verò me non accipere actionem & perpeſsionem, vt duo genera & prędica<lb></lb>menta, quæ diſtinguantur à cęteris; ſed ipſa numero in iis quæ ſunt ad aliquid. </s> <s>Verùm hîc non <lb></lb>ab re fuerit, ſi doceamus, quemadmodum actio & perpeſsio prædicamentum faciant, & eadem <lb></lb>in iis quæ ſunt ad aliquid, reponantur. </s> <s>Ad horum notitiam nonnulla rudimenta præponenda <lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Primùm enim accipere oportet vnde ratio prædicamenti ducatur. </s> <s>Et planè duas partes <lb></lb>continet prædicamentum, alteram quæ reſpicit modum quo res ipſæ ſunt, atque alteram quæ fi<lb></lb>guram locutionis ſpectat. </s> <s>Porrò modus ipſius eſſe generalis omnium duplex eſt, aut non in ſub<lb></lb>iecto, quod eſt ſubſtantiæ proprium, aut in ſubiecto, quomodo ſunt aliquid ſubiecti, quæ eſt ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1086"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia, commune verò eſt nouem generibus ob totidem modos ſubſtantiæ quibus accidentia de<lb></lb>terminantur. </s> <s>Sic ergo & obtinent quòd ſint ſuo quæque proprio modo, & hoc modo, vt ſcilicet, <lb></lb>aliquid ſubſtantiæ voces exprimuntur. </s> <s>Itaque ſingula prædicamenta conſtituuntur ex modo, <lb></lb>quo ſubiectum reſpiciunt, aut quia notetur ipſum ſubiectum, vt fit in ſubſtantia, aut quod ineſt <lb></lb>in ſubiecto, vt euenit in accidente. </s> <s>Proptereà ſic de actione & paſsione dicetur: cùm ſint aliquid <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, prout ſubiectum, & eiuſmodi, & ſic voce ſignificentur, actionem & paſsionem eſſe <lb></lb>prædicamenta duo inter nouem quæ ſunt accidentis, quibus ſubſtantiæ fluxus, aut eorum quæ <lb></lb>ſunt in ſubſtantia notetur. </s> <s>Et generaliter quidem omne accidens habet ſe ad ſubſtantiam, vt ad <lb></lb>aliquid, quo fit, vt actio quoque & paſsio non ſuperent in hoc alia prædicamenta, quod genus <lb></lb>relationis cum in accidentis eſſentia contineatur, <expan abbr="ſitq́ue">ſitque</expan> tranſcendens & internum, non tranſit ad <lb></lb>prædicamentum eorum quæ ſunt ad aliquid, niſi propter figuram dictionis. </s> <s>Cæterùm actio & <lb></lb>paſsio ſuas ipſarum proprias habitudines habent quibus à cęteris generibus ſeparantur. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>actio eſt vt ab hoc, paſsio vt in hoc, quæ ſanè habitudines, cùm quoquomodo reſpiciant externa, <lb></lb>iure optimo numerantur in iis quæ ſunt ad aliquid. </s> <s>Nam quanuis paſsio vt ad ſubiectum in quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1087"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, internam habeat habitudinem; at aliam externam habet adnexam, nempe vt dum adhuc ab <lb></lb>alio pendet, & eſt in hoc, vt ab alio. </s> <s>quaſi ſi illud formæ quod ineſt in ſubiecto ſolùm cogitatione <lb></lb>comprehendas, & cum fluxu conſideres, iam rationem propriam tenebis, quà eſt paſsio, & cùm <lb></lb>ſic includat internam relationem, ab externa ſegregetur, format prędicamentum quoddam à re<lb></lb>liquis ſeparatum, eo tamen modo. </s> <s>nam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> actio in agente ſit agere, & paſsio in patiente ſit pati; <lb></lb>efficitur vt prædica menta conſtituantur agere & pati; quæ manifeſtè repudiant <expan abbr="relationẽ">relationem</expan>: neque <lb></lb>enim abſurdum eſt, cuius primitiuum ſit ad aliquid, denominatiuum non eſſe, vt quanuis accu<lb></lb>bitus, ſtatio, & ſeſsio ſint ad aliquid; neutiquam tamen ſedere, ſtare, & accumbere. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Si ab alio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1088"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pendentiam addas, quod externum ſit: iam feceris ipſam de <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> genere quæ inter ſe <expan abbr="reſpiciũt">reſpiciunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et actio, ſi vt in illo ineſt à quo eſt, internam habet habitudinem, cùm ſit illius actus, ita efficit pro<lb></lb>prium prędicamentum; ſi verò vt ab hoc in illud, iam accipit habitudinem externam, & in aliud <lb></lb>prædicamentum transfertur. </s> <s>Sic ſeſsio, accubitus, ſtatus, diſpoſitio, habitus, etiam ſi videantur <lb></lb>eſſe ſubiectorum, & ob id dubitari poſſet eas eſſe habitudines internas; nec proptereà verè in iis <lb></lb>quæ inter ſeſe reſpiciunt, collocari; ſic ſubiectum reſpiciunt, vt habitudinem quoque ad exter<lb></lb>num includant, vt accubitus, relationem corporis ad locum. </s> <s>habitus, vt ſcientia, ad obiectum. </s> <s>& <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1089"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calor qui eſt habitus, aut diſpoſitio differt ab eo qui eſt paſsio, vel patibilis qualitas, quòd hic eſt <lb></lb>natiuus, vt in igni; ille aduenticius & externus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam quòd ad ſubiectum ſeſsio, ſtatio, & ac<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1090"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cubitus non referuntur; ex illo apparet, quòd referrentur ad ſedens: itaque contrà ſedens eſſet <lb></lb>ad aliquid & ſedere, & ſtare, & accumbere, quod eſt falſum. </s> <s>Proptereà cum Cap. </s> <s>de Qual. Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>in iis quæ ſunt ad aliquid, numerat habitus, diſciplinas, & huiuſmodi, non refert illa ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>habens, ſed ad obiectum quod externum eſt. </s> <s>Ita igitur ob has geminas relationes externam <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, <lb></lb>& internam alteram, actio & paſsio ad varia genera referuntur. </s> <s>& dum ſeſe in interna habitudi<lb></lb>ne continent, conſtituunt prædicamentum ſeparatum, dum externam accipiunt, ad aliquid ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Redeo nunc ad inſtitutum. </s> <s>Dicebamus autem diuiſionem eſſe in motu analogicè, & ordine <lb></lb>quodam, & ſic de cęteris attributis intelligendum eſt, & præcipuè natura ſpectanda eſt ſubiecti <lb></lb>illius ſecundum quod fit motus; etenim primas in motu obtinet, non ſecus àc ſubiectum quod <lb></lb>dialectici nuncupant inhæſionis, in eius definitione, quod ineſt inſtar accidentis. </s> <s>Quid verò ſit <lb></lb>gradus, & quemadmodum inſit in formis, ſuo loco dicetur, intereà ſufficiat, quòd ex his quę di<lb></lb>cta ſunt, perſpicuum eſt mutationem eſſe vocem multiplicem, neque definiri <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>, neque <pb pagenum="143"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1091"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eandem proponi 3. Phyſ. ad <expan abbr="definiendũ">definiendum</expan>, atque accipi poſteà tùm 5. Phyſ. tùm etiam 2. de Anima. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nanque motus directò ſpectat ſolùm quattuor <expan abbr="prędicamẽta">prędicamenta</expan>, ſic etiam mutatio per ſe dicta, quòd <lb></lb>in his ſolis per ſe tranſitus eſt ex eo quod non eſt, ad id quod eſt, ex quo mutatio conſtituitur & <lb></lb>è potentia in actum, & è contrario in contrarium, vnde ſumitur propria ratio motus. </s> <s>Per ſe verò <lb></lb>talem eſſe motum, tranſitum ſcilicet illum qui eſt in quattuor generibus ſæpius indicatis, ex illo <lb></lb>coniecturam facere licet; quoniam motus qui fiunt ſecundum illa, ab aliis omnibus ſinguli ab<lb></lb>ſoluuntur; mutationes autem quæ fiunt in reliquis ſex prędicamentis, ſemper alicui ex his mo<lb></lb>tibus comitantur, velut illuminatio motui Solis. </s> <s>Itaque tametſi in ſingulis prædicamentis actus <lb></lb>& poteſtas continentur, nihilominus illa etiam analogicè dicuntur. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt non ſint <lb></lb>in illis principia mutationis per ſe. </s> <s>Sic ergo mutatio quæ fit ſecundum alia prædicamenta, quia <lb></lb>non eſt per ſe; non eſt loci præſentis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1077"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1078"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1079"></margin.target>a 2. de cę<lb></lb>lo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1080"></margin.target>b 6. Phyſ. <lb></lb><lb></lb>9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1081"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1082"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1083"></margin.target>c 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 40.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1084"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1085"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1086"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1087"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1088"></margin.target>a Cap. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>rel.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1089"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1090"></margin.target>b Cap. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>Qual.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1091"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Declaratur ſubiectum motus, & in ſua membra ſecatur; multa etiam de agente adijciuntur.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOTVS, vt dictum eſt, ex ſucceſsione & fluxu conſtituitur; ſed tum etiam poſtulat ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1092"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iectum quod eſt poteſtate, & per motum deduci debet ad actum: at quod actu <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, neceſſariò faciendum eſt ab alio quod ſit actu. </s> <s>Poſtulat igitur ordo rerum, vt nos ad hæc ex<lb></lb>plicanda conuertamus: ſic enim ſuccedet, vt motus ex ea parte noteſcat qua <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> habitudine iun<lb></lb>ctus eſt. </s> <s>ac primùm de ſubiecto nonnulla dicamus. </s> <s>Hoc poteſtate vti nunc accipiamus; & quo<lb></lb>niam motus eſt in ſolis quattuor <expan abbr="prędicamẽtis">prędicamentis</expan>; ea certè poteſtas quæ pertinet ad illa genera, ſub<lb></lb>iectum motus efficiet quæ, tametſi funditus inhæret materiæ primæ, cùm ea ſit quantum, quale <lb></lb>& vbi poteſtate; tamen quia neque materia, neque accidentia ſeparantur ab actu ſubſtantia; eſt <lb></lb>quidem ipſa actu ſubſtantia quæ tempore eodem poteſtate exiſtit ratione diuerſa; ita vt quate<lb></lb>nus poteſtate ſubſtantia eſt, per ſe & proximè ſit ſubſtantiæ ſubiectum, remotè verò & per for<lb></lb>mam ſubſtantiæ ſit poteſtate reliqua prædicamenta. </s> <s>Illud igitur ſubiectum, quod verè deno<lb></lb>minabitur à motu, & moueti dicetur; erit ipſa ſubſtantia compoſita. </s> <s>Sed quoniam potentia ma<lb></lb>teriæ ad ſubſtantiam eſt generationis initium, quæ propriè mutatio nuncupatur, potentia verò <lb></lb>materiæ ad alia prædicamenta in ipſa ineſt per formam ſubſtantiæ, & ad ea verè eſt motus: ideò <lb></lb>materia per ſe primum erit & proximum principium mutationis; ſubſtantia verò compoſita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1093"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principium motus. </s> <s>Subiectum hoc capax eſt contradicentium; quæ, cùm in contraria reſoluan<lb></lb>tur, erit item ſubiectum compos contrariorum quæ primùm reperiuntur in ſubſtantia, deinde <lb></lb>in cæteris prædicamentis analogicè. </s> <s>Nam ſecundum formam, hoc eſt, ſi formam ſpectes oppoſi<lb></lb>tionis & rationem primam per quam vnum contrarium ab altero ſub eodem genere diſtat, ideſt, <lb></lb>nihil alterius formam participans, contraria, vt optimè norunt dialectici, in contradicentia re<lb></lb>ſoluuntur; ſi verò materiam atque ſubiectum, ea contraria planè ſunt. </s> <s>ſiquidem termini muta<lb></lb>tionum per ſe qui ſunt eſſe & non eſſe, formis contrariis fundentur. </s> <s>Proptereà non ſatis æquè in<lb></lb>uehitur Alexander in eos, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui putant contraria magis pugnare, quàm habitum & <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1094"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& quanuis oppoſitum teſtaretur aliquando Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> opinantes ita ab eo decretum audito<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1095"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ris exercendi cauſſa dicent nec ab aduerſariis aptè conſtitutum magis pugnare contraria; quòd <lb></lb>de oppoſitionis modo fuerat ab vtriſque diſtinguendum. </s> <s>Quicquid ſit, eorum ſubiectum intrin<lb></lb>ſecus, & vt verbo Peripatetico vtar, <foreign lang="grc">οῖκοθεν</foreign> ad ſuam perfectionem contendit quam ex adeptio<lb></lb>ne actus & formæ conſequitur remanens in re facta, & altero è contrariis depoſito per innatum, <lb></lb>formæ appetitum à quo vrgetur aſsiduè. </s> <s>Cùm igitur materia ſubiiciatur motui per potentiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1096"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam habet; hæc autem exoriatur ab oppoſitione (nanque ea eſt natura contrariorum, vt ſint <lb></lb>actu quidem contraria, poteſtate autem ſimilia) oppoſitio verò in quolibet genere ſit vna quæ<lb></lb>dam definita; hinc efficitur, vt ratio contrariorum in his generibus cauſſa ſit acceptionis <expan abbr="nouarũ">nouarum</expan> <lb></lb>formarum, & omnino mutationis & motus. </s> <s>Proinde genus ad quod pertinent hæc contraria, <lb></lb>cum ſit prima ratio, & proxima ſuſcipiendi nouas formas, appellatur item ſubiectum. </s> <s>quare <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>dicitur ſubiectum ſecundum quod fit mutatio, <foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὃ</foreign> Græci dicunt: non autem ſubiectum <lb></lb>generationis, aut mutationis, ſic ſubſtantia mouetur & mutatur: quantitas neque mouetur, ne<lb></lb>que mutatur, ſed ſubſtantia ſecundum quantum. </s> <s>& hoc ſemper eſt vniuocum, licet alioquin il<lb></lb>lud primum ſubiectum materia nimirum ſit ad vnum. </s> <s>Hactenus de ſubiecto: nunc tranſeamus <lb></lb>ad agens. </s> <s>Poſſem hîc multa dicere de habitudine accidentis & affectionis ad ſuas cauſſas agen<lb></lb>tem, ſcilicet, & finem <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>docere ad accidentis conſtitutionem pertinere, cùm ſint cauſſæ illius, <lb></lb>huic, ideſt, ſubiecto in quo cùm inhæreat, eſt accidens ipſum: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in eius definitione cauſ<lb></lb>ſas has eſſe recipiendas è quibus ipſum quid eſt logicè colligatur. </s> <s>Sed his reiectis ad analyticos <lb></lb>alia ſubiungentur quæ ſpeciatim dici poſsint de habitudine motus ad illas cauſſas, & ex illis eius <lb></lb>eſſentiæ partem ſuppleri, & potiſsimè de habitudine ad agens. </s> <s>Nam de fine <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ratio generalis <pb pagenum="144"></pb>eſt cum cęteris accidentibus quorum eſt aliquis finis. </s> <s>Igitur nunc de agente diſſeramus. </s> <s>Hoc au<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1097"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tem, ex altera parte, quatenus agens, ſemper eſt actu, ſiue vniuoco, ſiue etiam <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> entelechia: <lb></lb>cùm verò oppoſitio contrariorum includat actum & poteſtatem; oppoſitio quoque inerit in <lb></lb>agente, vel propriè, vel etiam entelechia. </s> <s>Omnino verò includet formam. </s> <s>nanque etſi agens ip<lb></lb>ſum eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, & neceſſariò ſubſtantia ſingularis, vel vt quanta, vel vt qualis: attamen agen<lb></lb>di ratio forma eſt quæ in his quæ per ſe agunt, opponitur formę patientis. </s> <s>Et quoniam in vniuo<lb></lb>cis actus cum potentia ad oppoſitum coniunctus eſt; ſequitur, vt dum agunt vniuoca, etiam re<lb></lb>patiantur. </s> <s>Ita fit vt coniunctio poteſtatis & actus in contrariis ſint vera cauſſa mutuę perpeſsio<lb></lb>nis quæ, cùm ſint diffuſa per totum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, efficiant vt hæc inter ſe ex toto agant & patiantur, <lb></lb>non ſecundum parteis diuerſas, aut ſecundum varias qualitates; quod ignari quidam rerum Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelicarum profitentur; cętera verò ad facilitatem, difficultatemúe agendi, aut patiendi <expan abbr="faciãt">faciant</expan>, <lb></lb>tanquam certę materiæ affectiones, vtputa, raritas & paruitas partium; denſitas & magnitudo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam rara patiuntur facilius, denſa promptius agunt, magna & denſa reſiſtunt magis, parua & <lb></lb>rara contrà cedunt alacrius. </s> <s>Non me latet, hæc omnia requirere tractationem ampliſsimam, & <lb></lb>quæ pluribus poſthàc conficietur. </s> <s>ſed, cùm Ariſtoteles etiam hęc eadem attingat in <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus & agentis ac patientis euoluendis, operæprætium facere mihi viſum quoque eſt, ſi quædam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1098"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>breuiter de ipſis exponerem. </s> <s>Sed veniamus ad alia. </s> <s>Sicut autem patiens ad quattuor genera re<lb></lb>fertur, ita quoque & agens: ſic, quod eſt actu ſubſtantia, facit actu ſubſtantiam: & quod eſt actu <lb></lb>quantum, facit actu quantum, <expan abbr="conſimiliq́ue">conſimilique</expan> modo de quali dicendum eſt, de eo verò quod facit <lb></lb>actu vbi, longum erit poſteà certamen ineundum. </s> <s>Quanquam in his agentibus etiam aliquod <lb></lb>diſcrimen intercedit. </s> <s>Nam quod facit actu ſubſtantiam, eſt ſeparatum ab eo quod fit, nihil enim <lb></lb>ſeipſum generat quod facit actu quantum, ita ipſum facit, quoniam cum eo coniungitur; quod <lb></lb>facit actu, quale, primò facit primas qualitates, per has verò efficit <expan abbr="ſecũdas">ſecundas</expan>: vnde eſt media quę<lb></lb>dam hęc ratio agentis inter id quod eſt per ſe, & quod eſt per accidens. </s> <s>Etenim quod erat per ſe, <lb></lb>habebat in ſeipſo formam rei faciendę: quod autem efficit per accidens, poterat eam neque actu, <lb></lb>neque virtute poſsidere: hoc quod efficit actu quale, producit primas qualitateis vt vniuocum, <lb></lb>ſecundas verò tanquam entelechia. </s> <s>licet ſi aurificis ſtatera perpendantur productiones ſecunda<lb></lb>rum qualitatum, arcebuntur à vero motu, quia miſturam primarum conſequuntur. </s> <s>Agens <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>hoc ita operatur, & incertum ſubiectum: quoniam eſt illius perfectio. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Non eſt autem quæ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1099"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rendum, cur hoc perficiatur; illud perficiat: ſiquidem hęc ſit vtriuſque natura; nec cauſſam ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1100"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bet, ſicuti, neque vlla eſt cauſſa ob <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſit animus, neque cauſſa ob quam principia ipſa ſunt prin<lb></lb>cipia, <expan abbr="quæſtioq́">quæſtioque</expan>. </s> <s>hæc ſolum pertinet ad ea quæ ex principiis. </s> <s>Quemadmodum verò forma incu<lb></lb>tiatur materię, dicetur poſteà. </s> <s>Dicamus interim, ex habitudine agentis ad patiens conſtare <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>ipſum, eſt enim ipſa forma dum fit, quocirca pendet adhuc ab agente, incutitur autem patienti. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic motus eſt verè paſsio ab hoc quod eſt agens in hoc quod eſt patiens. </s> <s>Sed quanuis in hoc di<lb></lb>catur, non ita dicitur, quia ſit tanquam accidens in ſubiecto ſimpliciter; verùm ſpectare oportet <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & ſubiectum à quo primum ipſa excipitur, nam ſi materia fuerit, quæcunque forma per<lb></lb>fectio illius eſt; ſed ſi capiamus ſubſtantiam compoſitam, mutatio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quæ fit ſecundum ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam, pertinet ad prædicamentum ſubſtantiæ; quando per ipſam pars aliqua ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="cõ-paratur">con<lb></lb>paratur</expan>, reliquæ verò mutationes optime referentur in accidens. </s> <s>Attamen quælibet mutatio, ſi <lb></lb>conſideretur vt paſsio, hoc charactere dictionis exprimitur, quia ſit in hoc quod ſanè aliud eſt, <lb></lb>quàm eſſe in ſubiecto, neque tamen obſtat, quominus ſit in ſubiecto, tanquam accidens. </s> <s>Actio <lb></lb>quoque pari gradu accidens erit & ſubſtantia. </s> <s>quanuis hoc dicendi ſchemate ſignificetur, quo<lb></lb>niam ab hoc. </s> <s>ita enim deſcribitur per habitudinem ad agens; hoc autem ideſt, à quo: cùm inde <lb></lb>incipiat motus per communicationem formæ, quam habet agens in ſeipſo. </s> <s>Nanque eſt in agen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1101"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te ipſo velut actus quidam ſecundus, & vt agentis perfectio. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſubſtantiæ perfectio eſt <lb></lb>actio, perfectio verò ſubſtantiæ nil aliud eſſe poteſt quàm ſubſtantia. </s> <s>planum, quòd actio quo<lb></lb>que ſubſtantiæ, quatenus ſubſtantia eſt, erit eadem & ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Quòd ſi te offendat actionem <lb></lb>conſtituere quæ ſit perfectio ſubſtantiæ, cùm eius perfectio poſita ſolùm in eo videatur quòd ſit, <lb></lb>& in poſſeſsione ſuę formæ; ſit hoc ſubſtantiæ ſimpliciter & à motu abſtractæ quam ſpectat pri<lb></lb>mus philoſophus; transferatur illud ad ſubſtantiam naturalem quæ eſt noſtræ methodi quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>motu determinetur, in ea producere motum & aliud efficere quale ipſa eſt, opus eſt præſtan<lb></lb>tisſimum. </s> <s>Quocirca ſolùm merito figuræ dictionis eorum nomen retinebit quæ inter ſe reſpi<lb></lb>ciunt. </s> <s>Sed his omiſsis de quibus poſteà copioſius diſſerendum eſt. </s> <s>illud eſto nobis firmum <lb></lb>& ratum vtranque habitudinem admouens, ſcilicet, & mobile, ad motus eſſentiam quoquo<lb></lb>modo pertinere. </s> <s><pb pagenum="145"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1102"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1092"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1093"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1094"></margin.target>a 5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1095"></margin.target>b 5. <expan abbr="Seq.">Seque</expan> <lb></lb>lib. <foreign lang="grc">Pερὶ<lb></lb>ἑρμην</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1096"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1097"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1098"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1099"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 67.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1100"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1101"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1102"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum ſe habeat motus ad efficiens & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; vbi verum genus motus aſſignatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX his quę narrata ſunt hactenus, <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> eſſentia motus inuenta eſt. </s> <s>verùm ad ipſam pęni<lb></lb>tus abſoluendam non erit <expan abbr="importunũ">importunum</expan>, ſi & id in pręſentia conſideremus, cùm motus ſit <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>ab agente, ſed in patiente, quod verò eſt ab agente ſit actio, quod <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> in <expan abbr="patiẽte">patiente</expan> ſit affectio, ſiue paſ<lb></lb>ſio, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> actio & affectio ſe habeant, cum ad agens & patiens, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: explora<lb></lb>to <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> generis ipſius ingenio, facilius adipiſcemur <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectarũ">ſubiectarum</expan>. </s> <s>Porrò Latinis noſtris ea <lb></lb>vox actio fuit cauſſa deceptionis; quippe qui exiſtimarint <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod ea voce <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>, ab aliquo <lb></lb><expan abbr="pẽdere">pendere</expan>, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> ab efficiente principio: ſed quod ipſi verte <expan abbr="ſũt">ſunt</expan> <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan>, apud Gręcos variis nominib. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſignificatur; <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdę">ſecundę</expan> entelechię, <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> energię, 3. Phyſ. nomine factionis <expan abbr="exprimit̃">exprimitur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> praxeos huic oppoſita perpeſsio eſt, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> proprio <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <foreign lang="grc">πάθησίν</foreign> appellari video, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cętero<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1103"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qui <foreign lang="grc">πόινμα & πάθος</foreign> ſint fines, illud <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τῆς ποιήσεως</foreign>, hoc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τῆς παθήσεως</foreign>, & hęc aliquid <lb></lb><expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan>, & quod iam ſit exprimunt, illæ verò progreſſum & <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan>. </s> <s>Sed vt variæ ſunt <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <expan abbr="vocũ">vocum</expan> notiones <lb></lb>apud Gręcos, ita ſequitur, vt apud nos actio vox ambigua <expan abbr="reddat̃">reddatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> & <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> entelechię & ener<lb></lb>gię non <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> pendet vt ab efficiente ſignificatur, ſed id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> proficiſcitur vt à forma. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> <expan abbr="vtriuſq;">vtriuſque</expan> efficiendi <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> <expan abbr="intelliget̃">intelligetur</expan> poſteà. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> entelechia & energia <expan abbr="referunt̃">referuntur</expan> ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ad ſenſum & <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> quę <expan abbr="vtraq;">vtraque</expan> ponit ipſe in eo, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt pati: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> efficere ſit <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="obiectarũ">obiectarum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſui <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1104"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>facultatib. ſentienti & intelligenti incutiunt; ſiue vt efficientia, ſiue vt fines alias <expan abbr="dicet̃">dicetur</expan>. </s> <s>Omnino verò <lb></lb>duo illa <expan abbr="noĩa">nomina</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodant̃">accommodantur</expan> ad eas functiones <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="momẽto">momento</expan> <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="obeunt̃">obeuntur</expan> quas Latini actiones <expan abbr="immanẽtes">immanentes</expan> <lb></lb>appellare ſolent, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tranſeant ab vno ſubiecto ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ſanè ipſis hactenus <expan abbr="cõcedat̃">concedatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>illud prorſus exiſtimo falſum <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> accipiunt, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi tale genus actionis in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto maneat; in eo <lb></lb>duo reperire principia: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> à quo producatur, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in quo <expan abbr="efficiat̃">efficiatur</expan>, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>in ſubiecto. </s> <s>nos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> infrà ſumus oſtenſuri <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="proprietatẽ">proprietatem</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="conſequit̃">conſequitur</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quatenus forma eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quae nulla <expan abbr="det̃">detur</expan> eiuſmodi actio intrinſeca <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> facilè <expan abbr="cõceſſerim">conceſſerim</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> hęc poſteà, ſed nos hîc <expan abbr="factionẽ">factionem</expan> <lb></lb>habemus, ea verò <foreign lang="grc">πόιησϊς</foreign> eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> propriè permanat ab efficiente, & inducitur in patiens, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit re ipſa <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> paſsione, <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> ab ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diſtincta non aliter <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> a cenſus & diſcenſus in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſcala; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eædẽ">eædem</expan> <expan abbr="vtręq́">vtręque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma quę <expan abbr="proficiſcit̃">proficiſcitur</expan> ab efficiente in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: ideò ſicut materia, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit ſola <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>deducitur in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, niſi per <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & ab actu; nec efficiens efficit niſi <expan abbr="ſubijciat̃">ſubijciatur</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt <expan abbr="ptãte">potestate</expan>, quatenus <lb></lb><expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, ſic forma hęc in actu eſt in efficiente, poteſtate <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> in materia. </s> <s>verùm <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> agere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> pati <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> illa actio, aut paſsio nuncupari debet, niſi <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="tranſmittit̃">tranſmittitur</expan> ab efficiente, & pa<lb></lb>tienti <expan abbr="cõicatur">conicatur</expan>: <expan abbr="antequã">antequam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõicetur">conicetur</expan> materię eſt actus primus ſolus vt caliditas in igni, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habeat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1105"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qd <expan abbr="cõburat">comburat</expan>. </s> <s>actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primus nil eſt aliud, forma ipſa, ſiue ſubſtantię, ſiue <expan abbr="accidẽtis">accidentis</expan>, hîc nihil refert. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <expan abbr="cõicatur">conicatur</expan> <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ineſt in materia, per <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> gradus, nec tota ſimul, & in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> aliquo <lb></lb>ob id talis actio reapſe motus eſt Cęterùm, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alij <expan abbr="cõicetur">conicetur</expan>, & ab alio <expan abbr="recipiat̃">recipiatur</expan>; <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> adhuc ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="transfundit̃">transfunditur</expan>, degenerat in <expan abbr="paſsionẽ">paſsionem</expan>. </s> <s>Ob hęc igitur motus ſimul eſt actio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vt ab agente & <expan abbr="mouẽ-te">mouen<lb></lb>te</expan>; paſsio verò, vt in eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan> & mouetur, eſt <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> paſsio non ſimpliciter; modò fuerit <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſemper aliquid perficiatur, ſed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> hęc perfectio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aduenire, niſi abijciatur <lb></lb>anterior forma. </s> <s>Cùm ergo actio ſit ab agente, <expan abbr="eadẽq.">eadenque</expan> ſit in patiente, vtrunque verò <expan abbr="cõpleat">compleat</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>motus <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt motus ſit in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> genere <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſub <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> cadunt: continet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duas habitudines, <lb></lb>ſiue, vt iſti dicunt, reſpectus: quanuis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="exiſtimẽ">exiſtimen</expan> eas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ſimplices, <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> vtraſque <expan abbr="cõpoſitas">compoſitas</expan>: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> habitudo ad <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> <expan abbr="abſoluit̃">abſoluitur</expan> per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: agit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc per hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: & actio eſt huius formę pro<lb></lb>greſſus ab hoc, ita & habitudo ad <expan abbr="patiẽs">patiens</expan>: <expan abbr="p̃p̃ea">propterea</expan> quae illius actus eſt <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> aliquod <expan abbr="p̃dicamentũ">praedicamentum</expan>. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ea <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> efficiat <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> quę eſt ad agens; et enim ea quę eſt ad <expan abbr="patiẽs">patiens</expan> interna eſt, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <lb></lb>affert <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> habitudinis; idcircò <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> actio <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> afferet <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę ſunt ad aliquid; vt paſsio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>diſtinguetur à re quę per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>. </s> <s>Ab his quę demonſtrata ſunt, patet <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> motus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1106"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, ſed è variis conſtare primordiis & elementis, <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> ſanè ſubiecto <expan abbr="cõiunctis">coniunctis</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> verò ſeparatis. </s> <s>Quapropter ad diuerſa <expan abbr="prędicamẽta">prędicamenta</expan> refertur, licet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa pertineat ęqua<lb></lb>liter: verùm ad <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> obliquè, ad alia verò in recto. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> ſi <expan abbr="conſideret̃">conſideretur</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: quia <expan abbr="cõti-netur">conti<lb></lb>netur</expan> in eo prędicamento, cuius eſt ea ipſa forma qua <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>, eſt ſanè in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="p̃dicamento">praedicamento</expan>, verun<lb></lb>tamen vt aliquid eius <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> imperfectus, & vt dici ſolet, via, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt genus, aut ſpecies <lb></lb>quę in prędicamento collocantur in recto. </s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſideret̃">conſideretur</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, atque vt fluxus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fluxus ille duo notat, & <expan abbr="profectũ">profectum</expan> in ea forma, & <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> eius <expan abbr="partitionẽ">partitionem</expan>: ſi partitio ſpectetur, <expan abbr="p̃-ſefert">pn<lb></lb>ſefert</expan> certè <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> quanti: nihilominus affirmare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> auſim, ipſum eſſe <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>; ſed cauſſam partitio<lb></lb>nis <expan abbr="aduertendã">aduertendam</expan> eſſe puto <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> dicimus eſſe <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, ſiue quatenus <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> in motu qui eſt <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> materię, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> per gradus <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> audiemus eſſe <expan abbr="partibilẽ">partibilem</expan>, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> contingit <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> remota ſit, propinquior alias, & <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> proxima & vltima. </s> <s>Proinde vniuerſa partitionis <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb></lb>inde quantitatis ratio <expan abbr="proficiſcit̃">proficiſcitur</expan> à ſubiecto, & eſt per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. </s> <s>Altera <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ratio fluxus à forma fluen<lb></lb>te, meo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iudicio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſcrepat, niſi ſola <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> aliter, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> albedo quę eſt in homine, ab <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> <lb></lb>ipſo albo diſtinguatur: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi motus, vt fluxus <expan abbr="cogitet̃">cogitetur</expan>, haud inficiabor & ita eſſe <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; <lb></lb>vnde probabile eſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> inter fluxus <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>, qualis eſt inter formas <expan abbr="fluẽtes">fluentes</expan>, quae ſi fluxus ipſius <lb></lb><expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſpectes quo <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> <expan abbr="extẽtio">extentio</expan> <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> ſignificari; profectò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eſt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, quia pręfert vel gradus <pb pagenum="146"></pb>perfectionis, vel partes quantitatis. </s> <s>Hanc <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quia fit ab alio, & in ſubiecto <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, habitudo co<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1107"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mitatur. </s> <s>Quare non <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> hoc, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt eſſe ad aliquid, motus <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> conſtituere, eam, ſ. </s> <s>quæ in <lb></lb>internis principiis ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> motus exiſtit, poſita eſt, ſed <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ logicè <expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan> ab omnib. cauſsis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ab agente <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vt à cauſſa <expan abbr="pẽdeat">pendeat</expan>, & hanc reſpiciat, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>cognitio <expan abbr="proficiſcat̃">proficiſcatur</expan> ex cauſsis; fit <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, vt quae <lb></lb>ſit ad aliquid, eius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõpleat">compleat</expan>. </s> <s>Accipio verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> temere <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> ad agens; omitto <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> quę ad <lb></lb>patiens: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> illa <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> habet ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, interna eſt & tranſcendens, ſibi <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> analogicè <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma: <lb></lb>ineſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel vt in ſubiecto, in ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, vel vt ſubſtantiæ pars; & ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="prędicamẽtũ">prędicamentum</expan> perti<lb></lb>net, vnde interna principia ducit. </s> <s>Ita igitur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vna <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> motus ad ea ſpectabit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter ſe reſpiciunt, <lb></lb>ſed vt ab alio, <expan abbr="referet̃">referetur</expan> ad ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid; erit in ſubiecto vt forma; <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, tametſi ab hoc, <lb></lb>vt actio formaliter & in recto ſed paſsio nuncupabitur, quę <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> inferat <expan abbr="prędicamentũ">prędicamentum</expan> relationis, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>vt in hoc. </s> <s>ſed vt ab hoc. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> motus in recto erit ad aliquid, vt paſsio, ſ. </s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> dictio<lb></lb>nis erit ad aliquid, ob <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> obtinet ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>; reipſa ad aliquid, vt actio, ſed <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><lb></lb><expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="relationẽ">relationem</expan> & alia adnexa, & in iis quę ſunt ad aliquid, & in aliis <expan abbr="p̃dicamentis">praedicamentis</expan> obliquè <expan abbr="collocabit̃">collocabitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>idcircò ratio formalis eius erit ad aliquid; cętera <expan abbr="cõplebunt">complebunt</expan> alias rationes: vt albefactio paſsio eius, <lb></lb>qd albeſcit, <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan>, ſ. </s> <s>& ab <expan abbr="albefaciẽte">albefaciente</expan>. </s> <s>Quapropter ſi vniuerſam ipſius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> aſſequi ve<lb></lb>limus, & vniuerſas eius cauſſas explicare; <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> omnib. hiſce modis eſt explicandus. </s> <s>Ex hoc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> nullo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1108"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſilio">conſilio</expan> veteres ab Ariſt. </s> <s>laudati, quae <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe aſſeueraſſent: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erat <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> genus <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quippe quae ad diuerſa <expan abbr="p̃dicamẽta">praedicamenta</expan> pertineret, <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quæ fit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt quattuor; ad <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> & <expan abbr="paſ-ſionẽ">paſ<lb></lb>ſionem</expan> <expan abbr="referret̃">referretur</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt ad aliquid. </s> <s>Porrò actio & paſsio reipſa <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſunt; <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> ſanè quae <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſit <expan abbr="vtriuſq;">vtriuſque</expan> <lb></lb>materia ſiue termini, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> actio <expan abbr="agẽte">agente</expan> <expan abbr="fundat̃">fundatur</expan>, paſsio verò patiente, ſed ſubiecto, hoc eſt, natura & hy<lb></lb>poſtaſi; quia ſit vna <expan abbr="eadẽq́">eadenque</expan>. </s> <s>natura & hypoſtaſis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> diuerſas iſtas habitudines admittat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq;">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="obſtãt">obſtant</expan> <lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nobis <expan abbr="opponunt̃">opponuntur</expan> eo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan>, quae motus <expan abbr="referat̃">referatur</expan> ad aliquid, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in Alexandri <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> obiecta fuere. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Primũ">Primum</expan>, ſ. </s> <s>quia ſic haberet id quod ſibi viciſsim <expan abbr="rñderet">responderet</expan>, atqui <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> habet, etenim eſſet id mouens, aut <lb></lb>mobile: <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt eò quae illa eſt habitudo effectus ad <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt valdè impropriè, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt in vniuerſo, <expan abbr="referunt̃">referuntur</expan> ad D. O. M. vtpotè, ſui <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>: <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> poſſet id eſſe mo<lb></lb>bile, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> hæc eſſet habitudo <expan abbr="accidẽtis">accidentis</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> à qua <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> veræ habitudinis, i. </s> <s><expan abbr="p̃dicamenti">praedicamenti</expan> eſſen<lb></lb>tia <expan abbr="ſegregat̃">ſegregatur</expan>. </s> <s>Rurſus ſi motus ab habitudine <expan abbr="cõpleret̃">compleretur</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ea ſit ad <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> & <expan abbr="patiẽs">patiens</expan> ſimul; profectò vtriuſ<lb></lb>que <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="referunt̃">referuntur</expan> ad ipſum, par eſſet ad <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eiuſmodi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt: <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> à ſubiecto prima <lb></lb>eius ratio <expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan>, ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>: elucet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus immobili, & id <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> ſemper eſt. </s> <s>At nihil ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> pertinere primo aſpectu <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> & <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> ſępiſsimè latet. </s> <s>Hęc <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> alia <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> ſolent opponi, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, niſi fallimur, ſine vllo negotio dilui poſſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> concedimus habere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> id quod ſibi viciſsim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1109"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="rñdeat">respondeat</expan>, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>duplex eſſe & mouens & mobile, licet habitudo ad mobile longè alia ſit, ac <expan abbr="admouẽs">admouens</expan> <lb></lb>& ad mobile interna, <expan abbr="admouẽs">admouens</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> externa, & <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mutet <expan abbr="p̃dicamentũ">praedicamentum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq;">Neque</expan> vllius roboris eſſe id opi<lb></lb>namur <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan>, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="relatũ">relatum</expan> iri ad <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>: damus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc, nec abſurdi <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> inde <expan abbr="cõſequit̃">conſequitur</expan>. </s> <s>Quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>neget ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="cãs">causas</expan> habent, referri ad <expan abbr="cãm">causam</expan>, & ad D. O. M. veluti <expan abbr="cãm">causam</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq;">Neque</expan> illud impedit quae <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan> ſit res abſoluta; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubſtantia res ita eſt abſoluta, quin pendeat ex nullo, ſed quia <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe ſub<lb></lb>ſiſtit, cui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> repugnat aliud habere cauſſæ genus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan>, ſed à quo <expan abbr="gubernet̃">gubernetur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq;">Neque</expan> illud per ſe <lb></lb>exiſtere ſic eſt, vt <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> genus relationis excludat; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> materię beneficio talis eſt: quae <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> exiſtat <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> materię <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> refert, & ita per ſe eſt: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> per ſe <foreign lang="grc">ὑπάρχει</foreign>, i.ſubſiſtit: <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> forma <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> <lb></lb>aliud requirit quo <expan abbr="imitat̃">imitatur</expan>, vel <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, vel <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſemper aliud in eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt ſubſiſtere, intue<lb></lb>ri <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan>. </s> <s>Accedit <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, quae Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="cãs">causas</expan> & <expan abbr="cãs">causas</expan> habentia ſtatuit inter ea, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="reſpiciũt">reſpiciunt</expan> aliud, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ſunt actu; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1110"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="qdã">quoddam</expan> actus eſt, <expan abbr="ſpeciẽq́">ſpeciemque</expan>. </s> <s>obtinet effectus. </s> <s>Motus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> reſpicit mobile, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> duplex eſt, <lb></lb>vel quoad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> quod <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quod, & ita eſt illius <expan abbr="pfectio">perfectio</expan>, vel quoad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> tranſ<lb></lb>mutari, & ita ineſt <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> forma ſiue ſubſtantiæ, ſiue accidentis, ideò <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="falsũ">falsum</expan>, quae inſit in ſubiecto <lb></lb><expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & id abſolutè negari poterat accidens <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reſpicere, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1111"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> ſit, & <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eius habitus; <expan abbr="pręterq̃">pręterquae</expan> quae <expan abbr="accidẽtiũ">accidentium</expan> habitudo ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, eſt <expan abbr="tranſcẽ-dens">tranſcen<lb></lb>dens</expan> & interna, nec, niſi ex figura dictionis in eo <expan abbr="p̃dicamento">praedicamento</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan>. </s> <s>Ex hoc <expan abbr="ſoluit̃">ſoluitur</expan> obiectio <expan abbr="ſecũda">ſecunda</expan> <lb></lb>inficiando, ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="connexũ">connexum</expan>; quia motus aliter ſe habet ad efficiens, ac patiens; fit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in hoc & <expan abbr="contrahit̃">contrahitur</expan> in <lb></lb>ſubiecto in quo manet ea forma qua <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>. </s> <s>ob id <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> illi familiare & <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> eſt, & in eius <lb></lb>definitione <expan abbr="capit̃">capitur</expan>; <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> verò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>, niſi definitio logicè <expan abbr="capiat̃">capiatur</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex ſingulis <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> generib. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="cõſtitui">conſtitui</expan> <expan abbr="p̃t">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> poſtremò <expan abbr="q̃ritur">quaeritur</expan>, referatur'ne motus ad ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt ad aliquid, vt motus eſt, an <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>? </s> <s>ac ſi <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> dixerim. </s> <s>ergo, inquis, erit aliud <expan abbr="p̃dicamentũ">praedicamentum</expan> in quo <expan abbr="continebit̃">continebitur</expan> motus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="pp">propter</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, quatenus, ſ. </s> <s>eſt motus. </s> <s>Hîc dubito <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> de neceſsitate <expan abbr="cõſecutionis">conſecutionis</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> retorqueo <lb></lb><expan abbr="argm̃">argumentum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃rens">quarens</expan> in primis Alexandri, qui ſunt ambigui, referunturúe ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> quatenus <expan abbr="Alexãdri">Alexandri</expan>, <lb></lb>an <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>aliam <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="rñ">responsionem</expan> debis, ſcio, <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo'ne <expan abbr="ſequet̃">ſequetur</expan> Alexandros, quatenus <expan abbr="Alexãdri">Alexandri</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt, fore in quadam <expan abbr="p̃dicamento">praedicamento</expan> per ſe? </s> <s>erit ſanè alia <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> notio; nec <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> quæ per ſe <expan abbr="reijciat̃">reijciatur</expan> in <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliqd">aliquod</expan> genus. </s> <s>Atqui oppones, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> quatenus ſignificare <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> hoc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>idcirco notio <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>illa erit vniuoca, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quatenus pertinere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad ea quę ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>. </s> <s>ex quo <lb></lb><expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ea vox & <expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan> <expan abbr="amplectat̃">amplectatur</expan> & id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <expan abbr="cõmittat̃">committatur</expan> in <expan abbr="argtõ">argumento</expan> cauillus ex figura di<lb></lb>ctionis, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt in eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, accipimus ſicut <expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan>, quale eſſe debet, ſi ad <expan abbr="p̃dicamentũ">praedicamentum</expan> <pb pagenum="147"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1112"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reuocari debeat. </s> <s>At ſi non habet <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan> ad <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> referatur; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igitur omnia <expan abbr="cõtinebuntur">continebuntur</expan> in <lb></lb><expan abbr="p̃dicamentis">praedicamentis</expan>, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> notiones <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> in ſumma terum genera redigentur. </s> <s>An non ita <expan abbr="intelligendũ">intelligendum</expan> eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidq́">quidque</expan>. </s> <s>ad <expan abbr="p̃dicamenta">praedicamenta</expan> reduci per quanque <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan>, ſed per eam <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit vniuoca & <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> rationis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà quæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; addo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ambigua, <expan abbr="referunt̃">referuntur</expan> ad <expan abbr="p̃dicamenta">praedicamenta</expan>: nanque etſi non vt <expan abbr="cõia">conia</expan> <lb></lb>referuntur; at quia partes eorum primæ ſunt vnius rationis; <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>illas in certo genere collocantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque referri ad <expan abbr="p̃dicamenta">praedicamenta</expan> quæque dicemus, vel vt <expan abbr="cõia">conia</expan>, vel per ſuas partei: illud <expan abbr="vniuocorũ">vniuocorum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>; hoc ad ea pertinet quæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ambigua. </s> <s>Admonebo etiam te <lb></lb>eſſe in aliquo <expan abbr="p̃dicamento">praedicamento</expan> non vnica ratione contingere; vel enim formaliter, vbi, ſcilicet, recto <lb></lb>nomine prædicatio profertur; vel etiam (vtar hîc voce trita) reductiuè, vbi alio quouis modo <expan abbr="p̃-dicatio">prae<lb></lb>dicatio</expan> pronunciatur. </s> <s>Non eſt verò <expan abbr="abſurdõ">abſurdum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> res in diuerſis generib. atque etiam in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <lb></lb>prædicamento formaliter ſit & reductiuè, vt <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, quod formaliter eſt numerus; attamen quia <lb></lb>numerus continui; in quantitate continua reponitur. </s> <s>Sic ego de motu dico: ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formaliter eſt <lb></lb>ad aliquid; quoniam paſsio, vel actio ſuo quæque modo, vt ſuprà conſtituimus; reductiuè <expan abbr="quali-tatẽ">quali<lb></lb>tatem</expan>; quòd eſt quidam modus qualitatis. </s> <s>Ergo ad <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>. </s> <s>Si refertur ad aliquid per <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>; <lb></lb>reſtat ratio per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> eſt motus; aut hæc eſt alia à ſuperiore, aut non? </s> <s>alia certè. </s> <s>Ergo eſt aliud prę<lb></lb>dicamentum ad quod refertur, quatenus eſt motus. </s> <s>Hoc ſanè non <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> eſt: nanque & in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1113"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan> referri continget, & in idem <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan> ſub alia ratione. </s> <s>Propria <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>igitur, atque formali refertur ad ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid, per <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> verò reductiuè ſolùm: ne<lb></lb>que <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qualitas eſt eius ratio formalis; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> nec motus eſt qualitas, nec qualitas eſt ad aliquid, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="reducit̃">reducitur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> eſt, ad aliquid obliquè per <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>. </s> <s>Hac ergo ratione defendimus <expan abbr="Alexandrũ">Alexandrum</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1103"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T: 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1104"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1105"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1106"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1107"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1108"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1109"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1110"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1111"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1112"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1113"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur habitudo actionis ad agens. </s> <s>& quædam corollaria cum nonnullarum <lb></lb>dubitationum ſolutionibus apponuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PRAESTAT etiam maximè ad naturam agentis cognoſcendam illud quod ſuprà per tran<lb></lb>ſennam monſtrauimus introſpicere; nimirum, vt ſe habeat actio ad agens. </s> <s>Poſtquam enim <lb></lb>viſum eſt eam quæ actio fuerat vt ab agente, fieri <expan abbr="paſsionẽ">paſsionem</expan> in patiente, & <expan abbr="expoſitũ">expoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> ab <expan abbr="agẽ-te">agen<lb></lb>te</expan> nuncupari, quoniam ab ipſo permanat ad aliud: eſſe autem variis modis <expan abbr="acceptã">acceptam</expan> modò <expan abbr="corru-ptionẽ">corru<lb></lb>ptionem</expan>, alias <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> eius quod patitur, reſtabat prætereà <expan abbr="conſiderandũ">conſiderandum</expan>, an eadem attributa <expan abbr="cõ-uenirent">con<lb></lb>uenirent</expan> actioni, quà refertur ad agens. </s> <s>nam & de hoc aliquod diſcrimen inter philoſophos, tùm <lb></lb>Græcos, tùm Latinos extitiſſe conſtat, <expan abbr="eosq́">eosque</expan>. </s> <s>præſertim, qui philoſophiam Ariſtotelicam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſacra <lb></lb>Theologia <expan abbr="cõiungere">coniungere</expan> conantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq;">Neque</expan> verò ſępe fęlicius <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> ineptus ille pictor qui varia <expan abbr="diuerſorũ">diuerſorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1114"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animalium membra corrogans efficiat, <emph type="italics"></emph>-vt turpiter atrum</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1114"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Deſinat in piſcem mulier formoſa ſupernè<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Putant enim nonnulli actionem eſſe perfectionem agentis ipſius; alij ſolum ipſius patientis, <lb></lb>gratia cuius agens agit. </s> <s>Etenim cur agit ignis in ſtipulam, niſi, vt ex eo quod eſt poteſtate, efficiat <lb></lb>id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt actu? </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt transferri de poteſtate ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, illius eſt perfectio <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt poteſtate. <lb></lb></s> <s>id verò patiens eſt. </s> <s>Rurſus credidit Simplicius in agente, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> proficiſcitur à poteſtate in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, eſſe <lb></lb>motum, quae ſi motus eſt, ille verò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> interitu formæ <expan abbr="præcedẽtis">præcedentis</expan>, vtique <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit perfectio ſimpliciter. <lb></lb></s> <s>Theologi quoque, licet id <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> ſit, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> de mente Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> fertur in hoc loco, aſſeuerant <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="qñque">quenque</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> agentis: alioqui daretur aut aliquid perfectiſsimo perfectius, aut <lb></lb>Deus <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet perfectiſsimus, nam ſi <expan abbr="conſideret̃">conſideretur</expan> <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> crearit <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> & aut inter <expan abbr="creandũ">creandum</expan>, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="poſteaquã">poſteaquam</expan> creauit. </s> <s>conſtat ſanè eam eſſe mutationem quandam. </s> <s>ſi igitur creatio creantis eſſet <lb></lb>perfectio, aliquid creando creanti perfectionis accederet. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erat igitur ante <expan abbr="creationẽ">creationem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> nu<lb></lb>meris abſoluta, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> perfecta diuina ſubſtantia, quod dictu nefas eſt, aut ſi perfecta fuerat, vt certè <lb></lb>dici debet, perfectiſsimo poſſet aliquid reperiri perfectius, id quod natura non tolerat. </s> <s><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> habebit, vbi <expan abbr="quãcunque">quancunque</expan> rem innouet. </s> <s>ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è cauſſa in potentia in actu <expan abbr="cãm">causam</expan> transforma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1115"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bitur. </s> <s>Ne igitur, aut ea ponamus quę fieri non poſſunt, aut numen diuinum aliqua ex parte macu<lb></lb>lemus, conceſſo opus eſt, non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> actionem agentis eſſe perfectionem. </s> <s>Cęterùm, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> progreſſus <lb></lb>ab omni poteſtate ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eſt perfectio quędam, inde fit, vt in quolibet <expan abbr="agẽte">agente</expan> perfectio ſit ipſa <lb></lb>actio; cum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> gemina ſit poteſtas prima quidem quę eſt ad actum primum, hic verò eſt forma, ac <lb></lb>ſecunda quę dirigitur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum qui eſt ipſa functio, ergo & hæc agentis perfectio ſit ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quanquã">Quanquam</expan> nihil obſtat eam quę perfectio eſt agentis, aliis <expan abbr="cõicari">conicari</expan>, quo fit, vt ſit vnà perfe<lb></lb>ctio duorum, atque agentis primùm tanquam ſecundus actus: <expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> ipſi ſubſternitur actu <lb></lb>ſubſtantia quod eſt agens & forma quę eſt ipſa agendi ratio: ac patientis, tanquam actus primus: <lb></lb>proptereà quòd forma <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> eſt in patiente <expan abbr="producẽda">producenda</expan>. </s> <s>Neque verum arbitror, niſi per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <lb></lb>admodum & valdè remotè, <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> eſſe motum in agente, quia non procedit cum interitu formę <lb></lb>præcedentis, ſed ſi fortè, cùm ſit mutatio impedimenti; motus & corruptio ſtatus anteceden<lb></lb>tis erit in impedimento per ſe, ex euento in accidens redundabit. </s> <s>Sed hęc poſteà copioſius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuerò diſtinxerim ego libentiſsimè de natura actionis pro duplici ratione poteſta<lb></lb>tis actuoſæ ex qua pendet, aut enim eſt ratione vtens, aut ratione carens, ea quæ ratione <pb pagenum="148"></pb>vtitur, eſt ſanè per accidens obnoxia mutationi; ideò planum eſt eam è poteſtate transferri ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1116"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actum atque ita planè perfici, at vbi ratione carent, adhuc ſpectandam eſſe puto rationem quam <lb></lb>obtinet ad agens in primis cuius dicitur eſſe perfectio quam ſanè re ipſa non diſtinguendam <lb></lb>puto ab operantis rei forma, ſiue eſſentia, <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>exiſtimo vnam eſſe cum ipſa, eſſe impartibi<lb></lb>lem. nihil in ſe habentem quod præſeferat plus & minus: deinde verò erga patiens, quo diſtin<lb></lb>guitur à forma agentis, atque habet aliquid partibilis, & plus & minus, & hoc poſteriore modo <lb></lb>actionem;. </s> <s>Phyſ. </s> <s>ſumi aſſeuerarem. </s> <s>Intrinſecus ergo in poteſtatibus quæ ratione non vtuntur, <lb></lb>nihil accedit perfectionis. </s> <s>Itaque ceſſant obiectiones nuper allatæ, ſiquidem Peripateticè ſta<lb></lb>tuamus illas poteſtates quæ ab aduerſario ſumptæ ſunt, ratione carere, tum ſanè imperfecta fo<lb></lb>rent aliquando, ſiquo modo variarentur intrinſecus. </s> <s>Hæc quæ nos vſque adhuc expoſuimus, <lb></lb>præbent nobis anſam diluendi complures obiectiones quæ contra actionis <expan abbr="paſsionisq́">paſsionisque</expan>. </s> <s>naturam <lb></lb>afferri ſolent, & inſtar corollarij nonnulla decernendi prætereà de ipſo motu. </s> <s>Nam ſi obieceris; <lb></lb>cuius poteſtas, eiuſdem quoque fore actum; poteſtatem verò efficientis eſſe. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà, quo<lb></lb>niam illo fundatur actio cuius participat conditiones; ſed agentis, non autem patientis, condi<lb></lb>tiones participat: nimirùm, quia tametſi duo ligna comburuntur ab vno igni, vna <expan abbr="cẽſetur">cenſetur</expan> actio, <lb></lb>non duæ. </s> <s>Poſtremò, eſſe agens eſt per actionem tanquam per formam, ſicut eſſe album eſt per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1117"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>albedinem. </s> <s>Quare ſicut albedo ineſt in homine albo, ſic ineſt actio in agente. </s> <s>Nam quod ad <lb></lb>primum attinet ita reſpondebo poteſtatem efficientis totum internam non eſſe, ſed intueri ex<lb></lb>trinſecum; quare completur per habitudinem ad extrinſecum; quod autem in ipſo eſt efficien<lb></lb>te formam eſſe vel eſſentiam per quam agit aliquam formam communicando vel vniuocè, vel <lb></lb>ſicut entelechia à qua, vna cùm ſit, vna ſimpliciter actio proficiſcitur. </s> <s>quòd ſi multiplicetur; id <lb></lb>pati ex priuilegio materiæ quæ per ſe partibilis eſt, aut quòd eius continuatio ab impediente <lb></lb>interpelletur. </s> <s>Ita fit vt ab vna facultate plures actiones proficiſci queant; nam ſimpliciter ab <lb></lb>vno, quatenus vnum eſt; non niſi vnum deriuari ſolet: non tamen inde concludi actionem fo<lb></lb>re in agente. </s> <s>Et licet actionis ratio compleat rationem agentis: non ſequi tamen, vt eam <expan abbr="cõpleat">compleat</expan> <lb></lb>quatenus eſt in ipſo: ſed quatenus eſt ab ipſo, nam ſic definitur efficiens: Vnde, ſiue à quo. </s> <s>Nec <lb></lb>me mouet id quod video valde perturbare quoſdam ſectatoreis D. Thomæ: quia ſi non diſtin<lb></lb>guerentur actio & paſsio formaliter, vt aiunt, non eſſent duo prædicamenta. </s> <s>Nam cùm actio & <lb></lb>paſsio conſiderentur, vt in eo cui primò inhęrent, & vt pendent ab externo, vt pendent ſanè ab <lb></lb>externo, ſic non diſtinguuntur, ſed duæ ſunt ex eodem genere habitudineis; verùm vt in eo cui <lb></lb>primò inhærent, diſtinguuntur: eo verò modo diximus illa efficere duo prædicamenta. </s> <s>Sunt igi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1118"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur habitudines duæ ex eodem prædicamento, non duo prædicamenta, veluti ſuprà dictum eſt: <lb></lb>& in hoc æmuli Scoti melius qui eas formaliter habitudineis faciunt. </s> <s>Neque obſtat illud. </s> <s>Habi<lb></lb>tudo non eſt motus: actio & paſsio ſunt motus; quoniam ſi motus eſt habitudo, vt antè docui<lb></lb>mus; neceſſe eſt item aliqua habitudo ſit motus; eſt autem habitudo, quà paſsio ab hoc; pro<lb></lb>ptereà & paſsio, quanuis ſit motus, eſt habitudo: nec quicquam neceſſariò poteſt effici; cùm <lb></lb>maior ſit particularis in ſecunda figura. </s> <s>Quanquam ſolæ habitudines non ſunt idoneæ com<lb></lb>plere eſſentiam motus; ſed prætereà fluxus quidam flagitatur & progreſſus ab eo quod eſt po<lb></lb>teſtate ad actum. </s> <s>Ex his identidem efficitur; quòd tametſi motus eſt entelechia, nihilominus ea <lb></lb>eſt non actio propriè, ſed paſsio, non ſecus atque energia ſenſus & mentis quę auctore Ariſtote<lb></lb>le ſe habet in pati: nam cùm per ſubiectum propriè definiatur, & ab eo conſtituatur intrinſe<lb></lb>cus, per efficiens verò minimè; atque in ſubiecto ſit veluti paſsio, ſit autem actus eiuſdem ſubie<lb></lb>cti; actus igitur in motu tanquam paſsio neceſſe eſt habeatur. </s> <s>Quamobrem neſcio quid indu<lb></lb>xerit Alexandrum, vt collocare voluerit motum in tertia ſpecie qualitatis, dum conatus eſt de<lb></lb>fendere motum eſſe paſsionem. </s> <s>nam paſsio de genere qualitatis eſt terminus alterationis (com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1119"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>muniter enim complectitur omnem formam) ita ſolum nuncupata, quòd parùm infixa ſubiecto <lb></lb>non exhibeat illi nomen qualitatis, motus autem à termino diſtinguatur; quinetiam cętera quo<lb></lb>que prædicamenta peruagetur vltra qualitatem, neque item illi conueniat ea figura dictionis: <lb></lb>ineſt enim, vt dictum eſt, in ſubiecto, non vt <foreign lang="grc">πάθος</foreign>, ſed vt <foreign lang="grc">πεἴσις</foreign>: hæc verò multò maximè <lb></lb>diſtant; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">πάθος</foreign> ſit forma & terminus; <foreign lang="grc">πεῖσις</foreign> verò actus imperfectus, & via ad <foreign lang="grc">πάθος</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque verò me ab hoc placito ſophiſmata nonnullorum deterrent qui certè cum illa obijciunt, <lb></lb>magis nos auctoritate ſua commouent, quàm veritate diſputationis, ſcilicet, quia motus indiffe<lb></lb>renter ſe habere videatur ad actionem & paſsionem; non igitur paſsio magis, quàm actio repu<lb></lb>tandus eſt: idem enim motus paſsio nuncupatur, quatenus reſpicit patiens, & ita ipſum reſpicit <lb></lb>eo, quòd patiens patitur per motum: ſic cùm agens agat per motum; motus ipſe reſpicit agens: <lb></lb>idcirco ſi actio vocatur, quia reſpicit agens; motus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> erit actio <expan abbr="cõſimiliter">conſimiliter</expan>. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quia ſeque<lb></lb>retur, vt actio identidem foret paſsio quædam; eſt enim actio quæ motus eſt; atqui motus omnis <lb></lb>eſt paſsio, ergo etiam actio quędam eſt paſsio. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> actio & paſsio ſunt prędicamenta diuerſa; aut <lb></lb>niſi <expan abbr="prędicamẽta">prędicamenta</expan> dicere libeat; genera <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> inter ſe diſtincta ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="prędicamẽto">prędicamento</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> facile ex <pb pagenum="149"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1120"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>his expediri poſſumus. </s> <s>cùm enim vtrunque reſpiciat motus, & actionem, & paſsionem, interius <lb></lb>tamen ob antedictam cauſſam reſpicit paſsionem, quàm actionem: idcircò rectius paſsio quàm <lb></lb>actio nuncupatur. </s> <s>Prætereà quanuis actio & paſsio ſint idem ſubiecto, ratione tamen, & eſſen<lb></lb>tia diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>ob eam igitur cauſſam de ſe mutuo non prędicantur in recto: non ſecus certè <lb></lb>quàm materia & forma, quantitas itidem & qualitas; quæ quanuis eadem ſubiecto ſint, non <lb></lb>licet tamen dicere materiam eſſe formam, aut quantitatem eſſe qualitatem, ſic etiam dicere non <lb></lb>licet aſcenſum eſſe deſcenſum. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò motus vniuocè vel ambiguè ſit actio & paſsio. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi vniuoca eſt ratio eius quod eſt eſſe ab hoc ex quo <expan abbr="cõſtituitur">conſtituitur</expan> actio, & eius quod eſt eſſe in hoc, <lb></lb>vnde paſsio exiſtit: nil etiam prohibebit, quominus hæc vtraque ſit motus vniuocè. </s> <s>Sed quo<lb></lb>niam, ab aliquo moueri contingit dupliciter, neque mouentium vna ratio communis eſt; ita ne<lb></lb>que patientium eadem eſſe poteſt: proinde neque actionis & paſsionis, ſi verus eſt canon ille dia<lb></lb>lecticus. </s> <s>quando vnum è relatis ambiguum eſt, compar identidem ambiguum ſit oportet. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1121"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id à quo fit motus, eſt vel finis, vel efficiens, & vtraque communi vocabulo mouere dicuntur: <lb></lb>quanuis mouendi ratio non ſit eadem, & ſpeciatim moueat finis, vt cuius gratia: efficiens verò, <lb></lb>vt vnde initium motus. </s> <s>Ergo & id in quo fit motus, eſt duplex: & quod mouetur illius gratia, <lb></lb>& quod mouetur ab illo. </s> <s>Magna verò intercedit inter vtranque mouendi formulam differen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1122"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia; vt ſi terra moueatur à generante, vel à proiiciente, aut etiam à loco: quæ <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> vberius poſt<lb></lb>hàc explicabitur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quæras hîc: an'ne vtraque actio comprehenſa fuerit in definitione <lb></lb>motus, id certè fateri oportet. </s> <s>Nam reſoluitur motus vſque in primum mouens, quod etiam <lb></lb>mouere conceditur tanquam finis; nec tamen Ariſtoteles aliud de talibus motus initiis vſquam <lb></lb>decreuit, atque id quod longè prius 3. Phyſ. ſtatuiſſet. </s> <s>Moneo tamen notius nobis eſſe princi<lb></lb>pium illud quod mouet tanquam efficiens, quàm id quod mouet tanquam finis. </s> <s>Idcircò ſer<lb></lb>uata regula quæ <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> in tradenda doctrina <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> quæ ſunt ad vnum; in definitione motus exi<lb></lb>ſtimo <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan> in primis efficiens, ſed includi ſecundò quoque finem qui primus eſt auctor motus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1115"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1116"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1117"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1118"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1119"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1120"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1121"></margin.target>a 1. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1122"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De termino ad quem paucula quædam, & quemadmodum ſe habeat ad motum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVÆ narrata ſunt hactenus tria nobis conflare ſignificant definitionem formalem motus, <lb></lb>actum oppoſitum; qui relinquendus eſt inter mouendum, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> deſcribimus vel priuatione, <lb></lb>vel nomine termini à quo, cum quo iuncta eſt poteſtas ad actum; atque actum illum qui produ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1123"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cendus eſt, qui item forma, ſiue habitus eſt: & quoniam, vbi illò peruentum eſt, ceſſat motus <lb></lb>tanquam fine adepto, vocatur terminus ad quem. </s> <s>Prætereà quia contrarius actus qui motu per<lb></lb>mutatur, eſt in certo genere, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem motus ſub certo genere continetur, deſideratur item <lb></lb>ſubiectum quod compleat motum. </s> <s>Cùm verò ſubiectum ſit id quod dicimus ſecundum quod, <lb></lb>veluti quantum incremento, ſit & ſubſtantia compoſita à qua non ſeparantur accidentia, ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>materia prima: nituntur autem materia poteſtates omnes: ſed in ſubſtantia compoſita proximè <lb></lb>inſunt accidentia, quia formam ſubſtantiæ conſequuntur. </s> <s>Profectò cùm dicimus ſubiectum <expan abbr="cõ-plere">con<lb></lb>plere</expan> definitionem motus, neceſſariò quoque intelligemus in eo comprehendi materiam. </s> <s>eius <lb></lb>enim eſt actus, pręcipuè cùm ex motu perficiatur materia tendens ad formam, & ipſam ſibi com<lb></lb>parans: ita quoque ſubiectum illud quod eſt <expan abbr="prædicamẽtum">prædicamentum</expan>: nam continet vtroſque terminos, <lb></lb>ſiue quibus non conſiſtit eſſentia motus. </s> <s>Necnon ſubſtantia compoſita comprehenditur in de<lb></lb>finitione motus. </s> <s>Verùm, quòd actu ſubſtantia ſubſternitur accidenti per conſecutionem & ex <lb></lb>neceſsitate ſuppoſitionis; quia, ſcilicet, accidens puram materiam informare nequit, ſed in ipſa <lb></lb>formam ſubſtantiæ deſiderat; in ea quoque per conſecutionem comprehenditur. </s> <s>Ideò non pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1124"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mò motus eſſentiam à ſubſtantia compoſita perfici contenderim; ſed à materia, veruntamen exi<lb></lb>ſtere in ſubſtantia compoſita, vnde ipſa moueri dicatur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò illò peruenimus, vt de <lb></lb>motu & terminis eius mentio fieret, non ab re fuerit, ſi nodum quendem Latinorum <expan abbr="interpretũ">interpretum</expan> <lb></lb>paucis diſſoluamus. </s> <s>Quæſitum eſt enim ab ipſis: vtrùm motus ab eo termino, nec'ne diſtingua<lb></lb>tur, & quemadmodum. </s> <s>Nam quidam opinati ſunt, hæc inter ſe reipſa differre, cùm ſint vtraque <lb></lb>diuerſis modis: quòd ſunt in diuerſis temporis punctis. </s> <s>dum enim fit motus, forma non eſt; acce<lb></lb>dente forma motus extinguitur: & quòd motus in ſucceſsione poſitus eſt, forma autem perma<lb></lb>net; motus diuiduus, indiuidua forma, motus velox & tardus; horum nihil forma: motus in mo<lb></lb>bili; locus qui eſt terminus extra mobile. </s> <s>Prætereà ſequeretur, vt idem foret terminus, àc via <lb></lb>quæ eſt ad ipſum. </s> <s>Quanquam hæc ſententia diuiditur, nonnullis exiſtimantibus motum eſſe <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <lb></lb>quandam à termino abſolutam: quibuſdam verò eum rem quidem à termino diuerſam, ſed ha<lb></lb>bitudinem afferre. </s> <s>Ex altera parte aliis opinantibus idem re prorſus eſſe àc formam. </s> <s>Tùm quòd <lb></lb>teſtetur Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> motum nihil eſſe præter res ad quas eſt motus; tùm quoque aſſeueret mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1125"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum eſſe mixtum ex poteſtate & actu, & eſſe actum quendam imperfectum; prætereà, motum <lb></lb>perfici ex ea quæ in illo eſt quies; ex quibus ſi ritè explicari debeant, ſubintelligere oportet mo <pb pagenum="150"></pb>tum à termino non diſiungi. </s> <s>Et rationes adduntur. </s> <s>Si calefactio differat à calore; cùm vtraque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1126"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>producantur, quæritur, quemadmodum calefactio producatur, aut enim per ſe, id verò fieri ne<lb></lb>quit; nihil enim ſeipſum producit, aut ex ſeipſo producitur, aut per alium motum. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſic. </s> <s>tùm, quòd motus in infinitum repetendi forent; tùm etiam quòd per calefactionem produ<lb></lb>ceretur. </s> <s>ſiquidem ignis actio ſit calefactio. </s> <s>Et duæ calefactiones igitur. </s> <s>Et duo quoque calores; <lb></lb>quandò calefactio quæque eſt productio caloris & ſingulæ ſingulorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idq́ue">Idque</expan> clarius de latione <lb></lb>concluditur. </s> <s>Nam latio, aut per lationem produceretur, aut per alium motum. </s> <s>Neque ſanè <lb></lb>producitur per lationem: quandoquidem & in lationibus daretur proceſſus in infinitum, & la<lb></lb>tio produceret quæ tamen non numeratur in agentibus. </s> <s>Neque item producitur per alium mo<lb></lb>tum; quia cęteris poſterior eſſet, quibus tamen prior eſſe demonſtratur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Differret item à cale<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1127"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>factione calor vel ſpecie, vel numero: nec quidem numero; cùm accidentia ſolo numero diffe<lb></lb>rentia in eodem ſubiecto non conſiſtant. </s> <s>hîc verò ſit idem vtriuſque ſubiectum. </s> <s>Neque item <lb></lb>ſpecie; quippe quòd eadem ad numerum ſint vtriuſque principia & ignis & forma & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adde quòd eadem eſt ratio poteſtatis actuoſæ ad calefactionem, ſicuti caloris in igni ad calorem <lb></lb>qui eſt in eo quod calefit. </s> <s>Ergo à permutata proportione, eadem eſt ratio poteſtatis actuoſæ ad <lb></lb>calorem, qui eſt in igni; & calefactionis ad calorem in re patibili. </s> <s>Sed eadem eſt poteſtas actuoſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1128"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& calor. </s> <s>Nec igitur in re patibili calefactio differet à calore. </s> <s>Eadem verò ſunt poteſtas agendi <lb></lb>& calor in igni, vt ex vtriuſque definitione conſtat, vtraque enim ſunt principia per quæ ignis <lb></lb>calefacit. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quia ſi non eadem fuerint, & reipſa diſtinguantur; concipiamus ea ſegre<lb></lb>gata; poterit & non poterit ignis calefacere. </s> <s>poſito enim alterutro actio conſequetur; ſiquidem <lb></lb>vtraque principia ſint ad agendum idonea. </s> <s>non poterit item agere, quia ſic aut ſine poteſtate <lb></lb>actuoſa aget, aut ſine calore. </s> <s>Hæc quidem illi prædicant. </s> <s>Verùm ego nunquam probare poſſem, <lb></lb>quòd motus ſit abſoluta quædam res à forma, quia ſemper in ipſo motu eſt aliquod <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> quod <lb></lb>eſt pars formæ (de generatione ſubſtantiæ nihil in pręſentia loquor, nam dubitatur adhuc, an <lb></lb>eius partes ſint forma, quin potius an habeat partes) & actus ille qui conſtituit motum in acci<lb></lb>dente, eſt acquiſitio formæ quæ fit paullatim, cùm ſit diuidua. </s> <s>Neque crediderim motum in <lb></lb>quanque rationem cadat, ex eorum genere ſimpliciter eſſe quę ſe reſpiciunt: nam quanuis reſpi<lb></lb>ciat agens & patiens, & ad quendam finem dirigatur, neque id motui conuenit abſolutè, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <lb></lb>nullus ſit finis motus eius qui eſt præter naturam, & aliqua ſit natura motus extra <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> <lb></lb>vt forma fluens, aut ipſe fluxus. </s> <s>Non igitur motus à forma reipſa ſeparatur, neque ſimpliciter <lb></lb>eſt ad aliquid. </s> <s>Neque illud placet, quòd motus idem ſit pęnitus àc forma & terminus. </s> <s>Tantum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1129"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim abeſt, vt id ſit verum, vt omnium abſurdiſsimum ſit habendum. </s> <s>proptereà quòd eadem res <lb></lb>calida eſſet, dum incaleſceret, itaque eam moueri non oporteret, quòd eſſet id iam ad quod & <lb></lb>vult, & peruenire conatur. </s> <s>Hoc loco à viris doctiſsimis occurritur hunc in modum. </s> <s>Cùm di<lb></lb>citur, idem eſſe motum & terminum ad quem, quæ eſt forma, accipi idem re, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> autem ratione. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà formam conſiderari dupliciter vel vt terminum vniuerſi motus, vel vt id quod per to<lb></lb>tum motum acquiritur. </s> <s>ac formam quidem vt terminum motus vniuerſi, idem eſſe negant, cum <lb></lb>motu, ſed eam quę in toto motu comparatur, idem re eſſe cum motu fatentur. </s> <s>Veruntamen hęc <lb></lb>non ſunt ſatis ad explicandam quæſtionem. </s> <s>vtar hîc ego eductione per tria. </s> <s>Proptereà quòd ni<lb></lb>hil de generatione dicitur in qua forma eſt præcipuè, atque illa quidem verè terminus. </s> <s>Secundò <lb></lb>accipitur forma non propriè, vt eam conſueuit vſurpare Ariſtoteles: itaque nihil docetur de for<lb></lb>ma propriè dicta: neque dubitationes de ipſa factæ explicantur. </s> <s>etenim quid de hac forma di<lb></lb>cendum? </s> <s>Nanque illa eſt forma apud Ariſtotelem <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quę eſt vltimum motus continuati, & non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1130"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>interrupti. </s> <s>ipſi verò accipiunt formam in toto motu extentam. </s> <s>Tertiò permutant quæſtionem, <lb></lb>quia quæritur de termino motus. </s> <s>ipſi verò decernunt de forma quæ non eſt terminus talis mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1131"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus. </s> <s>Inſuper ſi terminus in toto motu accipiatur, vt in accidente fieri poſſe videtur, quòd ibi ſit <lb></lb>calidum in primo & ſecundo gradu; aut accipitur actu terminus, & finitus, & ſic non eſt motus, <lb></lb>vel ipſi finis re vera imponatur propter obicem quendam, vel mens aliquem in motu terminum <lb></lb>figat: nanque ita cogitatur, àc ſi quies adſit, aut eſt poteſtate terminus, & vt in linea <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> <expan abbr="vniẽs">vniens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt ambiguè terminus. </s> <s>Etſi verum eſt id quod docuit Ariſtoteles: nihil genitum eſſe, quin <lb></lb>antè gigneretur; & antequam ſit primus gradus: neſcio videre, quomodo ibi ſit terminus & <lb></lb>forma, nihilominus adeſt mutatio. </s> <s>Rem igitur vlterius diducendam eſſe puto, ſi ad ſtateram re<lb></lb>uocanda ſit. </s> <s>Ac primùm, ne nos decipiat ambiguum, explicandum quid ſibi velit in præſentia <lb></lb>re ac ratione diſtingui. </s> <s>neque enim conſimiliter ab omni philoſophorum ſecta capi ſolent. </s> <s>Ete<lb></lb>nim res nonnunquam pro ſubiecto ſingulari, & vt aiunt, ſuppoſito ſumitur. </s> <s>ex quo calor & ſca<lb></lb>brities meæ manus vnum & idem re ſunt, capillorum <expan abbr="oculorumq́">oculorumque</expan>. </s> <s>nigrities re diuerſa. </s> <s>Res item <lb></lb>ſignificat eſſentiam. </s> <s>proptereà quantum, & ſi eſt in ſubiecta ſubſtantia, res eſt à <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> diuerſa. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo ratio eſt ipſamet eſſentia: quocirca forma & materia; necnon priuatio & ma<lb></lb>teria ratione & eſſentia ſeiunguntur: ſed forma & priuatio reipſa ſeparantur. </s> <s>Nam bis materia <pb pagenum="151"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1132"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>numeratur modò cum priuatione, mox cum forma. </s> <s>Interdum ratio idem eſt atque habitudo, <lb></lb>velut aſcenſus & deſcenſus per eandem ſcalam. </s> <s>Sed quomodocunque differant, nihilominus <lb></lb>oppoſita attributa admittunt. </s> <s>Vnde efficitur, vt <expan abbr="attributorũ">attributorum</expan> varietas non indicet neceſſariò rei <lb></lb>ipſius differentiam: verumetiam ſolo rationis diſcrimine contenta eſt. </s> <s>Specta obſecro materiam <lb></lb>& priuationem, hæc ortus & interitus expers: altera interit. </s> <s>& materia per formam præſentem <lb></lb>eſſe, per adnexam priuationem vult non eſſe. </s> <s>Proinde ſedulò attendendum eſt quo pacto motus <lb></lb>& forma diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Neque enim eſt omnium ratio conſimilis. </s> <s>Deinde meminiſſe oportet <lb></lb>duarum illarum partium quæ motum abſoluunt; fluxus nimirùm formæ, & formæ fluentis. <lb></lb></s> <s>quorum alterum nempe fluxus eſt, vt forma, forma autem fluens, vt materia fluxus eſt actus <lb></lb>ipſe, forma fluens res quæ ſubiacet actui, quaſi fluxus ſit, vt albedo, forma autem velut album, <lb></lb>& ſicut albedine albi forma notatur, album verò eſt ſubiectum, ſic de fluxu & forma fluente co<lb></lb>gitandum eſt. </s> <s>Cæterùm forma fluens ambiguè dicitur, non minus quàm manus, lapidea voce<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>implicant enim hæc ex adiecto repugnantiam. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> formę magis <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> fluxus aduer<lb></lb>ſatur. </s> <s>Quamobrem aliud iudicium de fluente, ac de propriè dicta faciendum eſſe cenſemus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim forma fluens idem eſt cum motu, atque idem reipſa, ſi motus accipiatur ſecundum ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1133"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teriam. </s> <s>vt idem eſt album & homo in quo eſt albedo: <expan abbr="differũt">differunt</expan> eſſentia, ſi motus accipiatur ſecun<lb></lb>dum formam, velut albedo & ſubiectum, neque enim eſt eadem vtriuſque definitio. </s> <s>Quantum <lb></lb>pertinet ad terminos de quibus quæſtio propoſita eſt. </s> <s>Hîc ego terminum non extremum voco <lb></lb>ſolum, ſed id quo natura vergit, & quod per ſe expetendum eſt; is verò virtute continet omnes <lb></lb>gradus perfectionis qui ſucceſsiuè per motum materiæ communicati fuerunt; quæ gradus, ſeu <lb></lb>genita vocantur ab Ariſtotele, & vt puto, ab Hippocrate <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">τόνοι</foreign>. </s> <s>ſcribit enim <foreign lang="grc">ἢν δὲ μὴ τὺχῃ τῆς</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1134"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἁρμονὶας, μηδὲ ξύμφωνα τὰ βαρὲα τοῖσιν ὀξέσι γένηται ἡ ἀ ξυμφωνὶν· ἢν δὲ β γενεσὶς ᾗ τὸ <lb></lb>δει παντὸς ἑν ὸς ἀπὸ γενομένου πᾶς ὁ τόνος ματαιος, οὐ γαρ ἀν προσεικασειεν, ἀλλ' ἀμεὶβη ἐκ τού <lb></lb>μείζονος εἰς μεῖον πρὸ μόιρης</foreign>, & in formis diuiduis, quales ſunt accidentium, habentur pro for<lb></lb>mis, vnde item denominant ſubiectum. </s> <s>in ſubſtantia ſunt quidem partes, ſed non formę. </s> <s>Animal <lb></lb>enim non eſt homo, quia non ſunt diuiduæ. </s> <s>Sed hæc poſteà longo ſermone peragentur. </s> <s>Conti<lb></lb>nent ergo termini virtute gradus omnes perfectionis: neque ita ſe habent ſicut in linea puncta <lb></lb>qui ſunt termini extentionis ſolùm, non autem naturæ profectus. </s> <s>Itaque termini, ſi cum ipſo <lb></lb>fluxu conferantur, ſimul conſtare non poſſunt; ſed actus termini eſt interitus fluxus. </s> <s>At verò ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1135"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motum ſecundum materiam ſpectes quam formam fluentem eſſe dicimus: adhuc res vlterius <lb></lb>diuidenda eſt. </s> <s>Nanque, forma fluens aut accipitur, vt actu fluit, aut accipitur vt poteſtatem ha<lb></lb>bet ad fluxum. </s> <s>Si ipſam actu accipias, idem àc de fluxu decernendum eſt; ſi verò illam poteſta<lb></lb>tem habere cogites ad fluxum idem reipſa ſunt, terminus & forma fluens, diſcrepantes ratione <lb></lb>duntaxat. </s> <s>ratione, inquam, & habitudine, & eſſentia. </s> <s>Nanque ex habitudine eſſentia naſcitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim, quod dicitur forma fluens monſtrat eam perfectionem diuiduam, atque diſperſam quæ <lb></lb>in termino tota & indiuiduè continetur. </s> <s>Neque aliter euenit àc ſi quattuor vnitates diſperſas <lb></lb>primùm, mox in numero quaternario collectas animo complectaris. </s> <s>eæ ſanè diſperſæ nil aliud <lb></lb>ſunt quàm vnitates, eædem mox collectæ fiunt numerus. </s> <s>Nec tamen aliud vnitatibus illis acce<lb></lb>dit, dum coëunt & fiunt numerus, quàm habitudo quædam noua, dum colliguntur. </s> <s>Sic ratio <lb></lb>totius vt totum eſt, ex partibus exoritur. </s> <s>At verò ab illa habitudine, numeri <expan abbr="totiusq́ue">totiusque</expan> eſſentia <lb></lb>proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Itaque forma dicitur totum & terminus; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> terminus ſanè, quia materiæ <expan abbr="motusq́">motusque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1136"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>infinitatem compeſcit, nec diluere patitur, certis interuallis, cohibens, & virtutum gradibus coër<lb></lb>cens: nullos tamen extinguens; ſed vniuerſos nobiliore modo complectens. </s> <s>Eadem quoque <lb></lb>terminus eſt motus, vt ipſe quædam res eſt continua, verùm non eſt ratio par illius termini qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1137"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpectat ad quantitatem ſimpliciter & ad motum ipſum. </s> <s>quandò terminus ille figitur in quanto. <lb></lb></s> <s>quoniam ſic eſt à materia ſenſili ſecretum. </s> <s>Sed in motu, quia non poteſt à materia ſenſili ſeuo<lb></lb>cari, accedit materiæ & in ipſa inhæret. </s> <s>eſt enim forma, vt diximus. </s> <s>Sequitur ergo vt terminus <lb></lb>ad quem idem reipſa ſit cum motu, quatenus accipitur eius pars materialis, vt poteſtate reſpicit <lb></lb>fluxum: ratione & eſſentia differens. </s> <s>Proinde argumenta, quibus conuincitur aliud eſſe <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> <lb></lb>à motu; aut de cęteris rationibus quas ſubit motus concluſa fuerunt, & rectè habent: nihil <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>ad motum ita conſideratum, vt nos antè monuimus: aut ratione ſola differre monſtrant motum <lb></lb>ita conſideratum à termino & forma. </s> <s>Quocirca nihil etiam contra nos efficiunt. </s> <s>Verùm quia <lb></lb>nonnulla opponuntur quibus impulſus, vel etiam ſuſpicari poſsis, neque idem eſſe terminum <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>forma fluente, vti nos paullò ante decreuimus: vel etiam, quòd motus alio pacto conſideratus, <lb></lb>ac nos ipſi fecerimus; idem re ſit cum forma, præſtat, vt ad ea nonnulla dicamus. </s> <s>Nanque oppo<lb></lb>ſitorum ſolutiones ſæpe ſolent eſſe demonſtrationes eorum, quæ propoſita fuerunt. </s> <s>Atque illud <lb></lb>primum non iniuria dubitationem affert, quòd motus omnibus modis à termino, qui locus eſt, <lb></lb>differre videatur, cùm ſit res externa & ab eo ſeiuncta, quod mouetur. </s> <s>An ij qui ita opponunt, <lb></lb>non diſtinguunt locum qui quantitas eſt, ab ipſo vbi & quidem locus, vt quantitas, externa quę <pb pagenum="152"></pb>dam res eſt, ſed ea nihil ad motum. </s> <s>Motus eſt in prædicamento ipſius vbi in quo poteſtas eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1138"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ nititur mobili, non ſecus atque aliorum prædicamentorum poteſtates in quibus eſt motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>In illo igitur prædicamento proceſſus eſt & profectus quod mobili inhæret intrinſecus. </s> <s>Quare & <lb></lb>eodem modo de hoc motus genere decernendum eſt, ac de ſuperioribus. </s> <s>Ad illa me conuerto <lb></lb>nunc, quibus formam fluentem idem eſſe cum motu probatur. </s> <s>Hæc quoniam accipiunt formam <lb></lb>actu, non virtute, vt nos accepimus, nos ad ſeſe reuocant. </s> <s>Itaque iura methodi requirunt, vt nos <lb></lb>ea taciti non prætereamus. </s> <s>Obiicitur in primis auctoritas Ariſtotelis, qui videatur aliquando aſ<lb></lb>ſeuerare motum eſſe in rebus ad quas eſt motus. </s> <s>ergo non differt, inquiunt, à formis: ad has enim <lb></lb>motus eſt. </s> <s>At non id dicit Ariſtoteles, ſed motum non eſſe præter res, res autem ipſe vocat prędi<lb></lb>camenta, vt doceat definitionem motus communem non ſatis eſſe, quia ſit commune ad vnum <lb></lb>& natura poſterius ſuis partibus: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam parteis motus eſſe <expan abbr="euoluẽdas">euoluendas</expan> ad id, vt planiſsimè <lb></lb>accipiatur. </s> <s>Rurſus quòd motus ſit actus, quòd ex poteſtate & actu, omnis autem actus ſit à for<lb></lb>ma. </s> <s>Ergo & in motu forma. </s> <s>Noſti actum in motu eſſe actionem & munus. </s> <s>Sed fac eſſe actum, <lb></lb>quòd ex tali principio conſtet. </s> <s>Reſpondeo actum eſſe imperfectum, illum verò non neceſſariò <lb></lb>flagitare formam, vt apparet in generatione quæ eſt actus rei generabilis; nihilominus forma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>adeſt. </s> <s>& multo magis ſi actum illum in generatione putes ad præuias affectiones attinere; multo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1139"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim minus ibi eſt forma. </s> <s>At omnis actus eſt à forma, verum fateor. </s> <s>Sed moneo actum eſſe à <lb></lb>forma analogicè, & ordine quodam, vel quòd ſit ipſe actus, vt forma & potiſsimè ſeparata: vel <lb></lb>quòd ſit actu, vt compoſita; vel capax actus, vt poteſtas & materia; vel eius abſentia, vt priuatio, <lb></lb>vel quòd ſit proceſſus ad actum & formam. </s> <s>& talis eſt motus. </s> <s>Quòd opponitur motum perfici <lb></lb>non corrumpi, ex quiete, in qua ineſt forma. </s> <s>Et hoc fateor, ſi ita motum accipias, vt nos anteà <lb></lb>ſignificauimus, pro forma fluente, vt poteſtate reſpicit fluxum. </s> <s>Nam cęteroqui motus formali<lb></lb>ter corrumpitur. </s> <s>& tum dicere verum eſt, non eſſe motum qui antè fuerat, & rem non moueri <lb></lb>quæ anteà mouebatur. </s> <s>Venio nunc ad rationes quibus ſuam ſententiam confirmare ſtudent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ac prima quidem ad actionis cuiuſque primordia explicanda nos excitat. </s> <s>Itaque ſcire conue<lb></lb>nit. </s> <s>Agens, vbi patiens obiiciatur, nec quicquam obſtet, ſuaptè natura patiens immutare primùm <lb></lb>afficiendo, tùm deinde exhibendo formam quam actu, ſeu virtute poſsidet. </s> <s>Hîc prima actio eſt <lb></lb>impedimenti remotio quæ fit per motum; ſecunda eſt habitudo agentis ad patiens, & vtriuſque <lb></lb>præſentia quæ eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign> ex qua calor eſt in ſubiecto. </s> <s>Quare calefacit ignis per calorem <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb>in ſeipſo habet; nec productio calefactionis eſt per calefactionem, ſed ex præſentia calefacientis, <lb></lb>vnde extat primùm calefactio; quaſi cogites calefaciens actum ſuum exercere circumcirca per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1140"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terminos quoſdam quos efficacitatis ſphæra Latini circumſcribunt, ſicuti Sol cuius omnis extre<lb></lb>mitas radiis à medio paribus attingitur, & quemadmodum hîc illuſtratur ille qui ſubit hoc ſpa<lb></lb>tium, ſiue moueatur ipſe, ſeu Sol conuertatur; ſic efficacitatis ſphæram ſubit illud quod eſt cale<lb></lb>faciendum. </s> <s>Proinde neque progreſſus eſt in motibus in infinitum, nec quicquam ex ſeipſo pro<lb></lb>ducitur; nec calefactio pendet ex altera calefactione. </s> <s>Neque illa verè opponuntur, quæ ducun<lb></lb>tur ex his. </s> <s>Eodem quoque modo de latione dicendum eſt. </s> <s>At dices, lationem ex alio motu non <lb></lb>produci, quia ſit omnium prima. </s> <s>An non omnis prima eſt, ſed conuerſio quæ eſt æterna. </s> <s>& in <lb></lb>his quæ intereunt, nihil obſtat quominus alius motus ſit primus; etenim dans formam dat mo<lb></lb>tum; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>generatio motui præcedit. </s> <s>& eſto quòd latio ſit prima ſimpliciter, non eſt prima in <lb></lb>ſingulis. </s> <s>Itaque in argumento ineſt fallacia ſecundum figuram dictionis. </s> <s>Cùm dicitur calorem <lb></lb>& calefactionem nec numero, neque ſpecie differre, dicam diuiſionem non eſſe neceſſariam: ſi<lb></lb>quidem alia diſtinguantur eſſentia, vt forma & materia; nonnulla, vt aiunt, connotato, vt priua<lb></lb>tio & materia, quædam habitudine, vt priuatio & forma, & alia fortè aliis modis. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi <lb></lb>dicam ego hæc numero differre, quid erit abſurdi? </s> <s>ſic enim dicam, velut de forma & priuatione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1141"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non multò ante dictum eſt, illa eſſe duo; quod bis materia numeratur, ſemel cum priuatione, ite<lb></lb>rum cum forma; ſic dum calefit & poſtquam incaluit, eſt materia numero diuerſa: nam, dum <lb></lb>calefit, priuata eſt, quia, dum fit res, nondum eſt: ſed ſi fuerit actu ſubiectum, dum calefit, & po<lb></lb>ſteà calefactum eſt, idem certè eſt ad numerum; verùm non eſt idem ſubiectum duorum acciden<lb></lb>tium, quòd ex aduentu caloris non eſt calefactio; ſed iam res excalfacta eſt. </s> <s>Poſtremò accipi<lb></lb>tur, eandem eſſe proportionem poteſtatis actuoſę ad calefactionem, quæ eſt caloris in igne ad ca<lb></lb>lorem in ligno productum. </s> <s>Detur id. </s> <s>Aſſumitur eandem eſſe poteſtatem actuoſam & calorem <lb></lb>in igni. </s> <s>Quanquam ratio proportionum in quanto ſimpliciter verum aſſequatur rerum natura <lb></lb>ſæpe ob infinitatem materiæ variata; nihilominus ne moroſi videamur in ea re, quæ neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>phyſicè data negotium exhibere poteſt; negamus idem, niſi ſubiecto, eſſe poteſtatem actuoſam <lb></lb>& calorem: nam poteſtas aut eſt, vt opinor, ſubſtantia; calor eſt accidens, aut eſt ad aliquid. </s> <s>ſem<lb></lb>per enim reſpicit aliud, quatenus aliud; calor autem paſsio & de genere qualitatis. </s> <s>Demum po<lb></lb>teſtas actuoſa eſt agendi principium; calor eſt inſtrumentum: accipio verò calorem in actu ſecun<lb></lb>do, aliud fortè de caliditate quæ eſt in actu primo dicturus, cui tamen fateor poteſtate afferre <pb pagenum="153"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1142"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habitudinem ad aliud: nam caliditas eſt habitus in habente. </s> <s>Verùm quòd caliditas ita ſe habens, <lb></lb>quemadmodum nunc ponimus; non inuenit aſcenſum communem; aſſumemus calorem, vt ipſi <lb></lb>volunt, qui eſt in cathegoria qualitatis & in ligno potiſsimè; his addit actum calefactio, ſed po<lb></lb>teſtati vt principio, calori autem vt inſtrumento. </s> <s>Non igitur eadem proportio poteſtatis & ca<lb></lb>loris ad calefactionem, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus poteſtatis ad calefactionem, & caloris in agente ad calo<lb></lb>rem in patiente, quòd calefactio præſefert motum; calor in vtroque eſt veluti forma. </s> <s>Vbi igitur <lb></lb>idem vtraque eſſe probas ex vtriuſque definitione primùm; quia, ſcilicet, vtraque principia ſunt <lb></lb>per quæ ignis agit. </s> <s>longè falleris opinione. </s> <s>Sunt enim principia quidem, ſed non eodem planè <lb></lb>modo: quandò poteſtas eſt principium primum, calor eſt inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Itaque illa definitio <lb></lb>calori & poteſtati conuenit analogicè. </s> <s>Confirmas etiam, quia poſſet agere ignis & non agere ſi<lb></lb>mul, cùm alterum ab altero diſiungi queat, quia ſunt re diuerſa. </s> <s>Ad hoc ita dico. </s> <s>ſicut enim <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>valet. </s> <s>Si diuerſa ſunt manus & calamus, per vtraque verò ſcribitur & vtraque ſunt principia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergò ſimul ſcribetur & non ſcribetur. </s> <s>Etenim hæc ſeparari poſſunt. </s> <s>Dum igitur calamus non <lb></lb>adeſt, non ſcribitur, quia calamus eſt principium per quod ſcribitur. </s> <s>ſcribitur tamen, quia ma<lb></lb>nus adeſt quæ item eſt principium per quod ſcribitur, non valet, inquam, eo quòd non ſunt eo<lb></lb>dem modo principia, & falsò aſſumitur altero deficiente ſcribi, cùm ab vtroque ſcriptio, licet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1143"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eodem ordine pendeat: ſic in hypotheſi noſtra non ſequitur, ignem per alterum ſolum eſſe ca<lb></lb>lefacturum. </s> <s>quia, ſcilicet non ſunt eodem modo principia: neque alterutrius ſine materia utro <expan abbr="vllũ">vllum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt munus. </s> <s>Non igitur idem ſunt motus, vt forma fluens & terminus motus, quod probare <expan abbr="cõ-ſtitueras">con<lb></lb>ſtitueras</expan>. </s> <s>Contrarium prorſus iudicium de termino à quo faciendum eſt: quippe quòd motus <lb></lb>ſemper cogitetur ad formam: terminus autem à quo in motu deleatur, & quanuis interitu fiat <lb></lb>profectus in priuatione quæ in illo motu eſt terminus ad quem, veruntamen eſt non ens cuius <lb></lb>nulla re vera ſunt attributa. </s> <s>Idem iudicium de vtroque termino ferendum eſt, licet ratione <expan abbr="cõ-uerſa">con<lb></lb>uerſa</expan>, de vtriuſque ſucceſsione in materia. </s> <s>quòd dum terminus ad quem particulatim accedit, <lb></lb>hîc particulatim abit. </s> <s>ſiquidem vtrique eodem modo partitio conueniat propter poteſtatem & <lb></lb>materiam, & indiuidui ratio beneficio formæ. </s> <s>Nec ſi vnus ex his indiuiduus eſt, alter diuiduus <lb></lb>eſſe poteſt: ſed vterque aut indiuiduus eſt, aut diuiduus. </s> <s>& hoc quidem modo in accidentibus <lb></lb>quorum formæ diuidi poſſunt: altero in ſubſtantiis, quòd illarum formæ diuidi nequeant. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſi minus, efficeretur illud, vt materia quandoque ſiue forma ſubſiſteret, quod enim eſt <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> <lb></lb>puncto temporis interiret: quòd ſi alterum per aliquod ſpatium temporis abſolueretur, totum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1144"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illud temporis, quod interponeretur inter formam corruptam & nouam, eſſet vacuum forma. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo, ſi alterum puncto temporis accederet, oppoſitum verò temporis interuallo <lb></lb>deleretur, vſque ad extremum forma priore conſeruata, duæ formæ oppoſitæ in eadem materia <lb></lb>ſimul exiſterent. </s> <s>Nunc verò aut vſque ad vltimum ſalua permanet forma, quemadmodum in <lb></lb>ſubſtantiis, aut paullatim, quòd fit in accidentibus, amittitur vetus & noua ſuccedit: vt demum <lb></lb>extremum non eſſe veteris, & primum eſſe nouæ in idem temporis punctum recidant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1123"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1124"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1125"></margin.target>b 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1126"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1127"></margin.target>a. 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1128"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1129"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1130"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1131"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1132"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1133"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1134"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>diæta.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1135"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1136"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1137"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1138"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1139"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1140"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1141"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1142"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1143"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1144"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſputatur an ſucceſſio pertineat ad omnem ſpeciem motus, ac problema proponitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vtrum generatio puncto temporis obeatur nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED quanuis in primordijs motus non numeretur quantum; nihilominus eius notio <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <lb></lb>ad motum pertinere ſignificat, & continuitatem quandam prę ſe gerit, dum non ſimpliciter <lb></lb>indicat formam, ſed cum aliquo fluxu. </s> <s>Idcirco & propter motum de infinito, qui eſt modus <lb></lb>quidam continui, tractatum eſt à philoſopho naturali, & multa pręclara theoremata <expan abbr="demõſtrata">demonſtrata</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1145"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de motu quæ reſpiciant continuitatem quæ ineſt in motu, atque illam quidem cum ſucceſsione <lb></lb>& tempore, non permanentem, vt in magnitudine. </s> <s>Præſtat igitur ad accuratam motus explica<lb></lb>tionem perquirere, an ſucceſsio & continuitas omnem motus ſpeciem peruagentur, & comple<lb></lb>ctantur, atque id docere quam affinitatem habeat continuitas cum ipſo motu: quandò etiam <lb></lb>maximę lites de his omnibus inter optimos philoſophos extiterunt. </s> <s>Duo verò ſunt totius hu<lb></lb>iuſce diſputationis capita quorum alterum pertinet ad explicandas cauſſas & ſpecies continua<lb></lb>tionis, alterum verò ad exponendum. </s> <s>Vtrùm omnis ſpecies motus in tempore fiat nec'ne: hoc in <lb></lb>primis tranſigetur; de altero meliore loco diſputabitur. </s> <s>Nam de ortu ſimplici, ideſt, ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>dubitatum eſt, atque à <expan abbr="cõpluribus">compluribus</expan> creditum ipſum tempore excludi. </s> <s>& quanuis Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1146"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ius auctoritas iure <expan abbr="meritoq́">meritoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximi facienda eſt, inquiat, non ceſſare partes ſpermatis fieri par<lb></lb>tes hominis, donec humana forma perfecta ſit: ex quibus colligere liceat ortum obiri in tempo<lb></lb>re; tamen aliquas machinas excogitarunt quibus eum temporis puncto fieri defenderent, & alia <lb></lb>eius auctoris dicta, quibus oppoſitum apertiſsimè teſtari viſus eſt, conſeruarent. </s> <s><expan abbr="illudq́">illudque</expan>. </s> <s>potiſsi<lb></lb>mum aſſeueratum formas bipartitò diſtribui ſecundum ſubiectum, ſcilicet, & ſecundum <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>, <lb></lb>ac primo quidem modo cùm partes ſubiecti ſubinde mutantur, & cùm prius oritur cor, poſteà <pb pagenum="154"></pb>producitur epar, aut aqua fluminis conglaciatur prius ab extremis, mox in medio, & prius in ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1147"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perficie, quàm in fundo, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alioqui tota ſimul conglaciari poſsit, quod genus mutationis <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρὸον</foreign><lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele nuncupatum eſt: altero autem modo vbi in eodem ſubiecto pars aliqua formæ <expan abbr="cõ-trahatur">con<lb></lb>trahatur</expan>, vt in eodem eſſe prius vnus albedinis gradus, mox alter vſque ad ſummum. </s> <s>qua ſtante <lb></lb>partitione duo hæc defenduntur, primum quòd partitio ſecundum gradus habet tempus adne<lb></lb>xum, ſed ea non exiſtit niſi in accidente: proptereà ſola accidentis forma tempori ſubiicitur, & <lb></lb>mutatio quæ fit ſecundum accidens. </s> <s>Alterum verò quòd mutatio ſecundum parteis ſubiecti <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>neceſſario fit in tempore, vt quanuis in diuerſis inſtantibus inter quæ cadat medium tempus ge<lb></lb>neratio diuerſarum partium abſoluatur; non idcirco generatio fiat in tempore: nam forma ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ eſt per ſe indiuidua; quare accedit inſtanti, cùm verò ex pluribus inſtantibus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fiat tem<lb></lb>pus; ſequitur, vt tota forma ſubſtantiæ exiſtat in inſtanti, & proinde temporis puncto ſubſtantię <lb></lb>generatio perficiatur. </s> <s>Quanquam non caruit ea factio rationibus efficaciſsimis quas, ne ab illis <lb></lb>ſine cauſſa diſcedere videamur, anteà recitare conſtituamus. </s> <s>Eæ verò ſunt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Nam mu<lb></lb>tationem, inquiunt, inter contradicentia fieri puncto temporis. </s> <s>Ortum verò eſſe mutationem in<lb></lb>ter contradicentia. </s> <s>Ex quo effici etiam, vt ortus fiat veſtigio temporis. </s> <s>Vtrunque verò per neceſ<lb></lb>ſarium eſſe conſtat. </s> <s>Niſi enim primùm illud ſit, inter contradicentia medium interueniat neceſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1148"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt; quandò foret tempus quo res neque eſſe, neque non eſſe dici poſſet. </s> <s>Alterum verò etſi dubi<lb></lb>tatum eſt, & à nobis paullò pòſt diſcutietur; attamen ſatis corroboratur auctoritate & iudicio <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi concludit ortum & interitum non eſſe motum, ſed mutationem. </s> <s>Accedit <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1149"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratio quæ ſic ſe habet. </s> <s>Cuiuſque motus terminum aduenire in inſtanti. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ſubſtantiarum <lb></lb>ortum animaduertas, eum eſſe alterationis terminum perſpicies. </s> <s>Vnde ſequitur ipſum quoque <lb></lb>puncto temporis iri abſolutum: calefit enim prius lignum; poſtquam verò calefactum fuerit, <expan abbr="cõ-buritur">con<lb></lb>buritur</expan> & eſt ignis. </s> <s>ac docuit Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> alterationem, ſi non admodum procedat; efficere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1150"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quale, quòd ſi promoueatur vlterius, terminari ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Quare ſi proceſſus eſt alterationis ad <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, nec ſine alteratione ſubſtantia producitur, planum quòd ortus eſt terminus altera<lb></lb>tionis. </s> <s>Præ, cùm explicaret Ariſtoteles quid eſſet inter, docebat quidem in motu eſſe inter, <lb></lb>non autem in ortu & interitu, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> non ſine ſumma ratione, quandoquidem motus ſit inter <expan abbr="cõ-traria">con<lb></lb>traria</expan> quorum eſt aliquod medium, ſed ortus & interitus ſunt inter contradicentia quæ medio <lb></lb>vacant. </s> <s>Ob id veriſimile eſt ortum ſine tempore fieri. </s> <s>Poſtremò illa mutatio fit in tempore quæ <lb></lb>terminatur forma quæ accipit plus & minus. </s> <s>Atqui ortus tali forma non terminatur: ex eo enim <lb></lb>quòd forma plus & minus accipit, cùm id gradatim fiat, gradibus autem ſingulis diuerſæ formæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1151"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſpondeant quæ tempore contrahuntur; eſt in cauſſa quoque cur eiuſmodi formæ tempore ac<lb></lb>cedant. </s> <s>Formam verò ſubſtantiæ neque intendi, neque remitti libentiſsimè concedam, quicquid <lb></lb>Auerrois aſſeclæ de hac re decernant, & palàm de elementorum formis pronuncient: itaque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>dicere coguntur ſucceſsionem non eſſe de conſequentibus motum, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd poſita ſucceſsione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1152"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ſit motus, & contra poſito motu non ſit ſucceſsio; ſiquidem ortus ſubſtantiæ ſit mutatio; ea <lb></lb>verò propter elementorum formas tempore abſoluatur, auctio verò, cùm ſit adnexa ortui qui fit <lb></lb>ſubitò, fiat item ſubitò; nihilominus ſit motus. </s> <s>Quanquam nos, vt illud conſtantiſsimè defen<lb></lb>dimus, ita hoc approbare non poſſumus. </s> <s>Multa item alia ſolent afferri quibus pars iſta proble<lb></lb>matis confirmetur. </s> <s>Sed hæc apud me pondus habent. </s> <s>Ex altera tamen parte ſuppetunt & loca <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis, & argumenta, quibus oppoſitum defendere tutò poſſe videamur. </s> <s>Ipſe enim teſtatur <lb></lb>in primis <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> omnem motum in tempore fieri, vbi etiam manifeſtò perſpicitur ortum contineri. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1153"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nam velox & tardum ſunt differentiæ motus, quatenus reſpicit tempus. </s> <s>Sed hæc pertinent per <lb></lb>vniuerſos motus cum alterationem, tum item ortum de quo etiam ſpeciatim verba facta ſunt; <lb></lb>vnde exorta eſt illa ortuum differentia, quòd quidam ſunt veloces, alij tardi, complures fatales. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1154"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ex quo illud efficitur, vt ortum quoque tempore metiamur. </s> <s>Hæc eadem Philoſophus aſſerit in<lb></lb>numeris aliis locis. </s> <s>Neque deſunt alia multa quæ ex ipſomet Ariſtotele deprompta <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> poſsint <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1155"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>afferri in eandem ſententiam quæ breuitatis ſtudio prætermittere conſtitueram. </s> <s>Nanque <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>harum argumentationum exitum contrariæ factionis patroni vnica diſtinctione ſe inueniſſe pu<lb></lb>tant, quam mox explicabimus. </s> <s>Verùm quia nos interpellat Scaliger loco quodam accepto è 6. <lb></lb>Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> exiſtimaui non inutile fore, ſi illius recitatione experiar quantum ipſe pro hac proble<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1156"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>matis parte præſtiterit. </s> <s>Hęc ſunt verba Ariſtotelis. <foreign lang="grc">φανεζὸν οῆν̂ ο̂τι καὶ το γεγονὸς ἀνἀγκη γι<lb></lb>νεθινιν πρὸτεζον, καὶ τὸ γενόμενον γεγονέναι, ὁσα δεαιρετὰ καὶ συνεχῆ. οὐ μέντοι ἀ εὶ ὃ γινεται <lb></lb>ᾶν̓ ἀνοτε ἐνιοτε οἷον τῶν ε̂χείνου τι ὀ̂σπερ τῆς ὀικιας τὸ θεμέλιον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁμοιως δὲ καὶ ἠθι τοῦ φθει<lb></lb>ρομενοὺ. εὺθὺς γὰρ ἐνυπάρχει τῷ γινομένῷ καὶ φθειρομένῳ ἂπειρον τι συνεσχεῖγε ο̂ντι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καἰ οὐκ <lb></lb>ἒστιν οὒτε γινεσθαι μὴ γεγονός τι, οῦτε γεγονε̂ναι μὴ γινόμενόν τι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὀμοίως δἑ καὶ ἐπι τοῦ φθείρε<lb></lb>σθαι καὶ τοῦ ἐφθᾶρσθαι· ἀεὶ γὰρ ε̂στὶν τοῦ μέν φθειζεσθαι τὸ ἐφθάζθαι πρότερον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τοῦ δὲ ἐφθἀρθαι <lb></lb>τὸ φθεἰρεσθαι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">φανερὸν οὗν ὃντι καἰ τὸ γεγονός ὰνάγκη γίνεσθαι πρότερον, καὶ τὁ γινόμειον γε<lb></lb>γονέναι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">πᾶν γὰρ μέγεθος καὶ πᾶς σχρόνος ἀεὶ διαιρετὰ. ὃστι ὲν ᾠ ἀν οῦͅ, οὐκ ἄν εικ ὡς πρώτῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. <pb pagenum="155"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1157"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Planum igitur, quòd etiam. </s> <s>Noto illud, <emph type="italics"></emph>etiam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, quia cæteræ ſpecies mutationis enumeratæ iam <lb></lb>fuerant, “ea ſola reſtabat quæ ad ſubſtantiam pertinebat id quod genitum eſt, prius generetur ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt, & id quod gignitur, genitum ſit, quæcunque diuidua ſunt & continua.” Nam prius oſten<lb></lb>derat Ariſtoteles id eſſe proprium mutationum quæ in continuo fiunt, è quarum numero altera<lb></lb>tionem expunxerat, vtpotè, quæ ex euento diuidua foret; “vt intelligas hîc agi de mutatione ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ per ſe, quæ propter extentionem materiæ per ſe quoque magnitudo eſt, non tamen ſem<lb></lb>per id quod fit .i. </s> <s>id quo tendit ipſe ortus, ſed aliud aliquando: vt ex jis quæ ſunt aliquid ipſius <lb></lb>vt pars aliqua quam item factum vocare conſueuit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt ædificij fundamentum. </s> <s>Si<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1158"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>militer autem in eo quod corrumpitur & in eo quod corruptum eſt, nam protinus ineſt in eo <lb></lb>quod generatur & corrumpitur infinitum quid, cùm ſit continuum. </s> <s>Neque licet, neque gene<lb></lb>rari, niſi id quod genitum eſt, neque genitum eſſe, niſi id quod generatur. </s> <s>Similiter autem & in <lb></lb>eo quod eſt corrumpi, & in eo quod eſt corruptum eſſe: ſemper enim erit corruptum eſſe prius <lb></lb>eo quod eſt corrumpi; eo verò, quod eſt corruptum eſſe, corrumpi. </s> <s>Planum igitur quòd etiam <lb></lb>quod genitum eſt, prius generetur neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>& id quod generatur, eſſe genitum. </s> <s>Omnis enim <lb></lb>magnitudo, & omne tempus diuidua ſunt. </s> <s>Quamobrem in quo fuerit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit, vt in primo, ideſt, <lb></lb>vt in indiuiduo.” At dic mihi Scaliger, ſi omnes inimici te nobiſcum ſentire <expan abbr="cogerẽt">cogerent</expan>, quo, niſi hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1159"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loco vterentur? </s> <s>Sed mitto id nunc: mitto etiam alium tuum locum ex 8. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi nil huiuſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1160"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modi reperitur. </s> <s>Verùm mox <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ariſtoteles confert omnem motum in ortum & interitum, vt fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1161"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cta quadam communi notione mutationum omnium (communis etenim mutatio eſt generatio <lb></lb>vel ſimpliciter, vel quodammodo) doceat quietem ad omne genus mutationis pertinere. </s> <s>Sed re<lb></lb>deo ad diſtinctionem. </s> <s>Inquiunt igitur duo primum ſignificari nomine iſto generationis, aut id <lb></lb>quod exprimitur <foreign lang="grc">τῷ γινεσθαι</foreign>, ideſt, fieri, hoc autem eſt quod notat fluxum & tempus; aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>id quod exponitur <foreign lang="grc">τῷ γενέσθαι</foreign>, ideſt, factum eſſe, quod pręſefert terminum & formam ipſam, <lb></lb>quæ iam aduenit, hoc ſanè vltimo ſignificato ſumptam generationem puncto temporis obiri di<lb></lb>cunt: at tempore abſolui alteram illam. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò hanc aiunt non eſſe ſimplicem muta<lb></lb>tionem; ſimplicem verò eſſe illam ſolam quæ ſubitò exiſtit; quia, ſcilicet, hæc ſola ſit ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>tranſmutatio, alteram verò coniunctam eſſe dicunt, cum quibuſdam affectionibus quas præuias <lb></lb>noſtri <foreign lang="grc">προδρόμους</foreign> verò <foreign lang="grc">διαθέσεις</foreign> vocant Græci interprętes <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cęteroque <foreign lang="grc">παρασκευὰς</foreign>, ideſt, <lb></lb>apparatus Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Ita fieri, vt mutatio ſubſtantiæ quæ propriè ortus eſt, ſubita ſit; quicquid <lb></lb>habet temporis, id obtineat beneficio præuiæ affectionis, cuius ipſa eſt affinis. </s> <s>Ergo & in hunc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1162"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſum accipiunt verba philoſophi; vt illa intelligatur eſſe in tempore quæ cum præuia affectio<lb></lb>ne coniuncta eſt, & quoquo pacto complectitur mutationem quæ reſpiciat qualitatem: eam ve<lb></lb>rò quæ eſt mutatio ſubſtantiæ ſolius, quia terminus eſt affectionis, puncto fieri temporis. </s> <s>Hęc di<lb></lb>ſtinctio nunc nobis ponderanda proponitur, cùm propter aſſertorum auctoritatem, tùm etiam <lb></lb>quòd ſatisfacere videtur obiectionibus noſtris. </s> <s>In eam igitur aliqua ſuccurrunt quæ putemus <lb></lb>afferri poſſe ex intima quidem philoſophia deprompta, atque adeò conſentientia cum verbis <lb></lb>Ariſtotelicis, vt niſi vis afferatur eius dictis, ſine aliqua ſaltem animaduerſione prætereunda non <lb></lb>ſint. </s> <s>Nam mitto illud quod' nam iudicium fuiſſet Ariſtotelis, loco illo quem nuper plenum reci<lb></lb>tauimus, vbi ſingulas mutationes commemorat, de generatione ſubſtantię mentionem facit, eam <lb></lb>ſeorſum conſiderat, de eo quod generatur & genitum eſt, loquitur, & de hac ipſa re demonſtra<lb></lb>tionem in medio ponit, rem planè incertam, immo ambiguo inuolutam relinquere: qui iſtis au<lb></lb>ctoribus etiam polyonyma detrectet? </s> <s>quod negotium fuiſſet rem hoc modo expedire, <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <lb></lb>generationis indiuiduum eſt, quod præcedit eſt alteratio, ſiquidem iam oſtenſum fuiſſet, in alte<lb></lb>ratione tempus eſſe in omni alteratione ei quod eſt alteratum eſſe, præceſsiſſe alterari, & omni <lb></lb>illi quod eſt alterari, præiuiſſe id quod eſt alteratum eſſe. </s> <s>nec quicquam in quodam primo alte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1163"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rari, aut alteratum fuiſſe? </s> <s>Mitto hæc, inquàm: ad illa venio, vt doceam in generatione notionem <lb></lb>temporis ineſſe, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſub motus definitione comprehendi quam habes 3. Phyſ. Omnes ſanè fa<lb></lb>tentur in omni motu & mutatione notionem fluxus ineſſe, non omnes verò cum fluxu cogitant <lb></lb>tempus, ſed geminum fluxum excogitarunt, alterum in ſucceſsione poſitum, atque alterum ſu<lb></lb>bitum, vt proximè ſit hoc ex hoc. </s> <s>& quà ſubitus eſt, ad ortum ſubſtantiæ pertinere. </s> <s>Igitur mihi <lb></lb>videtur id quod dicitur: actum eius quod eſt in potentia, quatenus in potentia (erat autem hæc <lb></lb>definitio motus) ſignificare non modo hoc ex hoc, ſed ſucceſsionem in qua tempus inſumatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>neque enim eſt actus ſimpliciter qui ſignificatur à motu; neque illius quod eſt poteſtate ſolùm, <lb></lb>& actus cum poteſtate <expan abbr="cõiunctus">coniunctus</expan>, ſed actus quidam imperfectus, neque totus ſimul quo res quæ <lb></lb>poteſtatem habet, non tranſmutata eſt, ſed tranſmutatur per eam quam habet poteſtatem: vnde <lb></lb>verbali ſignificatur, & verbo temporis præſentis exprimitur quo res inſtans indicatur, & cui præ<lb></lb>teritum & <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſſe non conueniat, eſt enim motus calefactio, non calor: & qui mouetur, calefit; <lb></lb>non calefactus eſt. </s> <s>& ea quibus accidit vt ſimul fiant & ſint, vbi, ſcilicet, tota mutatio fit ſimul; <lb></lb>non motus, ſed <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργειαι</foreign> vocantur, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt illuminatio & auditio, quæ generationes impropriè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1164"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="156"></pb>dicuntur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> atqui generatio non eſt energia, ſed motus. </s> <s>Nec de generatione idem dicere licet, ac <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1165"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1166"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de illuminatione & viſione, quòd ſicut illuminatur pellucidum, & illuminatum eſt, & videt ocu<lb></lb>lus, & vidit: ita quoque ſubſtantia fiat & facta ſit. </s> <s>Neque enim ratio par eſt vtriuſque mutatio<lb></lb>nis: proptereà quòd non licet ante vltimum punctum temporis quo illuminatus eſt aër, dicere <lb></lb>aërem illuſtrari; nihil enim actus, ſeu luminis ab aëre contrahitur ante illud punctum; aut ſi <lb></lb>fortè, per accidens, ex lucidi corporis appropinquatione. </s> <s>Quocirca dicitur luceſcere, quemad<lb></lb>modum ex eius diſceſſu adueſperaſcere, quæ profectò ſignificant motum & ſucceſsionem in aëre <lb></lb>per accidens, per ſe verò in corpore lucido, ex cuius præſentia & abſentia quæ cum tempore fit, <lb></lb>luceſcit & adueſperaſcit. </s> <s>At per ſe ſubſtantia generatur, & cùm generatur, nondum eſt, & è ſemi<lb></lb>ne fit animal, nec dum factum eſt, & plantam produci dicimus & animal in vtero generari, neque <lb></lb>eſſe tum plantam, aut animal. </s> <s>neque illi vocem vllam attribuimus quæ mutationem generis al<lb></lb>terius indicet. </s> <s>quis enim alterari ſemen in vtero dicat? </s> <s>quis alterari ranam dum</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1145"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1146"></margin.target>a. 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 62.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1147"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1148"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1149"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T.8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1150"></margin.target>b Simp. 1. <lb></lb>de cęlo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1151"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1152"></margin.target>c Sueſſa<lb></lb>nus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1153"></margin.target>d 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 130.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1154"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1155"></margin.target>e Phyſ. <lb></lb>T.96. 119. <lb></lb><lb></lb>7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1156"></margin.target>T. 59.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1157"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1158"></margin.target>a 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1159"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1160"></margin.target>b T.24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1161"></margin.target>c T. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1162"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1163"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1164"></margin.target>d 9. Met. <lb></lb>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1165"></margin.target>a 1. de cęlo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1166"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-eodem corpore ſæpe</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Altera pars viuit; rudis eſt pars altera tellus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Neque perfectionem ſuam generatio ad alterius motum aſſequitur. </s> <s>Ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem demon<lb></lb>ſtrauit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non eſſe idem punctum, quo res fit, & quo facta eſt, non autem quo res al<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1167"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1168"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teratur, & quo facta eſt, vt oſtendere debebat, ſi id quod vltimo antecedit, ad qualitatem, non ad <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam pertineret, & cauſſam eius ſucceſsionis à natura ſubſtantiæ petiit quæ propter ma<lb></lb>teriam eſt diuidua, non autem à natura qualitatis. </s> <s>Erat autem neceſſarium, vt cui primò diuiſio<lb></lb>nis cauſſa competeret, illi etiam primò tempus adſcriberetur. </s> <s>Cùm ergo diuiſionis cauſſa prius <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ quam qualitati tribuatur; planum quòd tempus item mutationi ſubſtantiæ & ortui, <lb></lb>priuſquam alterationi concedendum. </s> <s>Ad ſubſtantiam verò priuſquam ad qualitatem pertinere <lb></lb>diuiſionem patet, quia ſubſtantia intrinſecus extenta eſt propter materiam in qua eſt dimenſio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque eadem eſt ratio in eo quod illuminatur, & eo quod generatur; nam, quod illuminatur, <lb></lb>vniuerſam poteſtatem è veſtigio amittit, quòd hęc nititur ſola priuatione: ſed poteſtas ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ actu contrario fundatur. </s> <s>Idcircò requiritur expulſio formæ veteris, & apparatus qui<lb></lb>dam habilitatis, quam quis neget ad ſubſtantiam pertinere? </s> <s>aliter ſit àc ſiquis nauigandi diſcipli<lb></lb>nam quærat, & eat ad philoſophos. </s> <s>Hęc verò tempore comparatur. </s> <s>Sic ratio par non eſt vtriuſ<lb></lb>que mutationis. </s> <s>Dices fortaſſe ſub motu contineri ortum non per ſe, ſed cum affectione coniun<lb></lb>ctum. </s> <s>Proptereà Simplicium aliquando ſtatuiſſe, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ortum temporis puncto fieri, & tempus in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1169"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſumi in motibus præuiarum affectionum. </s> <s>Sic quoque demonſtrationem ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="conſtitutã">conſtitutam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1170"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe de ortu cum affectione coniuncto. </s> <s>Quàm id falſum habendum ſit, & ea quæ nuper conſcri<lb></lb>pſimus, & quæ mox ſubiiciemus, facillimè oſtendent. </s> <s>Nam primùm ipſe motus, necnon eius de<lb></lb>finitio ſunt communia ad vnum. </s> <s>At iam dictum eſt eorum attributa peti à partibus. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="quẽ-admodum">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> motus eſt actus mobilis generatim ſumpti, ſic motus ad locum eſt actus mobilis ad <lb></lb>locum, vt tale eſt ſpeciatim: & augmentatio actus augeſcentis, quatenus huiuſmodi, conſimili<lb></lb>ter alteratio & affectio. </s> <s>Ita ergo & generatio, actus generabilis, quatenus generabile eſt. </s> <s>Ergo & <lb></lb>ſeorſum actus ille imperfectus pertinebit ad generationem, & ſucceſsio igitur eandem per ſe co<lb></lb>mitabitur. </s> <s>Tùm prętereà quoniam Ariſtoteles ſæpiſsimè nugaretur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam frequentiſsimè, cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1171"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>docet motum eſſe in tempore, poſtquam de alteratione meminiſſet & ortu, eorum <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſem<lb></lb>per habet ſeparatim, & ſingulas mutationes recenſet ſeorſum. </s> <s>Et profectò ſi ortus eſſet in tem<lb></lb>pore propter affectiones & alterationem, ſat habuiſſet, ſi alterationem ſolam commemoraſſet; <lb></lb>aut ſaltem nos monuiſſet propter ambiguitatem generationis, quam'nam generationem ibi acci<lb></lb>peret. </s> <s>Quin aliquando, cùm demonſtraret <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tempus aliquid eſſe motus, admonuit nos, ne cape<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1172"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>remus motum à mutatione ſeiunctum. </s> <s>intelligo verò mutationem illam, de qua iam <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> fuit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1173"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ comprehenditur ſub definitione motus, & ab energia ſeparatur. </s> <s>Talis igitur mutatio, qua<lb></lb>tenus huiuſmodi, eſt in tempore. </s> <s>Ergo ex analytico præcepto omnis talis mutatio. </s> <s>Talis autem <lb></lb>eſt generatio ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Ita etiam docens omnem motum eſſe diuiduum, meminit de ortu & in<lb></lb>teritu, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in <expan abbr="eisq́">eisque</expan>. </s> <s>partem quandam fieri teſtatus eſt, quandam verò eſſe factam. </s> <s>Prętereà conclu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1174"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>Si puncto temporis aliquid fieret, genitum eſſet abſque eo, quòd gigneretur: fieret item ſimul <lb></lb>& factum eſſet, vt planè perſpicias, non eandem eſſe rationem ortus & illuminationis. </s> <s>Ex quo, <lb></lb>ſi in alio puncto fit res, in alio facta eſt, & inter duo puncta tempus intercedit; generatio quoque <lb></lb>fiet in tempore. </s> <s>Etiam paullò poſt <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> apertiſsimè teſtatur de omni mutatione, eam in tempore <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1175"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fieri, ſub qua neceſſe eſt item comprehendi generationem, niſi dicamus eam eſſe ex ordine perfi<lb></lb>cientium, quod non opinor, cùm obeatur cum deſtructione oppoſiti. </s> <s>Talis autem ratio ſic com<lb></lb>mouit Simplicium, vt parùm ſibi conſtitiſſe videatur. </s> <s>Nam cùm olim ipſe dixiſſet, tempus, ſcili<lb></lb>cet, quod in generatione ponitur, ad pręuias affectiones attinere, is demum <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> generationem tem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1176"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pore abſolui docuerit, & quanuis <foreign lang="grc">ἀθροά</foreign> mutatio dicatur, <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἀθρόον οὐ κατὰ τὸ ἅχρονον</foreign>, ideſt, <lb></lb>quod confertim eſt, non quòd è veſtigio fiat; verùm quòd vniuersè & omni ex parte foret, idem <pb pagenum="157"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1177"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſe auctor aſſeueraret. </s> <s>Simul etiam docet Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> id quod gignitur, ita affectum eſſe, quem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1178"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodum ea quæ cęteris motibus aguntur, vt partim .ſ. </s> <s>ſit in termino à quo, partim in termino <lb></lb>ad quem. </s> <s>neque enim in termino à quo ſolùm: quia ſecundum ſubſtantiam quieſceret, non au<lb></lb>tem gigneretur: nec itidem in termino ad quem: nanque iam genitum eſſet; non in neutro; quia <lb></lb>ſimul eſſet & non eſſet; eſſet quidem, quatenus in termino à quo non foret qui quidem eſt in <lb></lb>generatione priuatio, nec re vera eſt; non eſſet autem, quandò non foret in termino ad quem qui <lb></lb>certè eſt aliquid. </s> <s>Idem quoque iudicium, conuerſa terminorum ratione de interitu fieri poſſet, <lb></lb>vt intelligenti patet. </s> <s>Quamobrem vnum illud reſtat, vt partim ſit in termino à quo, partim in <lb></lb>termino ad quem; atque ita diuiduum erit id quod gignitur, quatenus huiuſmodi, & idcirco <lb></lb>tempori obnoxium. </s> <s>Poſtremò intercedit auctoritas Ariſtotelis aientis, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> formam eſſe finem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1179"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>generationis. </s> <s>At finis ab eo cuius eſt finis, ita diſtinguitur vt indiuiduum à diuiduo. </s> <s>Fac ergo tu <lb></lb>generationem puncto temporis obiri; idem foret, àc forma: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>eueniret àc ſi fingeremus <lb></lb>lineam idem eſſe àc punctum. </s> <s>Sic ergo forma non ſepararetur à generatione: quare <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> eius <lb></lb>eſſet finis. </s> <s>præterquam quod debuiſſet dicere Ariſtoteles formam eſſe finem affectionis, non au<lb></lb>tem generationis. </s> <s>Vbi tu potes obſeruate, vt te hoc obiter moneam; generationem apud Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem non eſſe motum cum affectione coniunctum: quia ſi forma eius finis eſſet, à forma cir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1180"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cunſcripta eſſet adhuc generatio; ac tertium foret ſignificatum generationis, quod eſt ipſa affe<lb></lb>ctio. </s> <s>Nam finis ab eo cuius eſt finis, ſaltem ratione ſeparatur. </s> <s>Sic verò generatio non foret <lb></lb>actus generabilis, quatenus generabile, ſed eius quod affici poſſet, quatenus huiuſmodi.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1167"></margin.target>b 6. Phyſ</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1168"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1169"></margin.target>c 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1170"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1171"></margin.target>d 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1172"></margin.target>e 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1173"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1174"></margin.target>f 6. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 41. 43.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1175"></margin.target>g 6. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 50.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1176"></margin.target>h 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>nigr. </s> <s>T. 12. <lb></lb>13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1177"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1178"></margin.target>a 6. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1179"></margin.target>b 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5. <lb></lb><lb></lb>6. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1180"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Expenduntur dicta ſectatorum Auerrois de ſucceſſione quę fit in ſubſtantia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VRGENT hæc acrius ſectatores Auerrois. </s> <s>Nam ſic mutationis ſpecies non erunt quattuor; <lb></lb>verùm tres ſolummodò, ſiquidem acquiſitio formæ ſit affectio, quæ quidem eſt motus ad <lb></lb>quale; in ſubſtantia verò per ſe nihil aliud eſſet, quàm mutatum eſſe, nec motus etiam communi<lb></lb>ter acceptus attingeret ſubſtantiam, & malè Ariſtoteles 3. Phyſ. in definiendo motu ſub eo quo<lb></lb>que generationem comprehendiſſet. </s> <s>eſſet enim ſic motus per accidens, quippe quæ ex alio mo<lb></lb>tu exiſteret, & ab Ariſtotele prætermitteretur, quemadmodum prætermittuntur omnes alię mu<lb></lb>tationes quæ ſunt per accidens, vt ad ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid. </s> <s>Prætereà, quoniam Auerroës non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1181"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſemel prędicat in eadem categoria viam eſſe ad terminum ad quem, & terminum ipſum; ab <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſolùm differre motum; quia terminus ſignificet perfectionem, via verò ſit res imperfecta. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>ſi mutatio ad ſubſtantiam fuerit affectio: cùm hæc ſit ad quale, fiet, vt motus, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>terminus <lb></lb>ad diuerſa prædicamenta referantur. </s> <s>Conabatur Ludouicus Buccaferrea, vir ætate ſua clariſsi<lb></lb>mus, & cuius adeò celebris fama fuit, vt eius ſcripta hoc tempore à pleriſque <expan abbr="vſurpẽtur">vſurpentur</expan>; euertere <lb></lb>huiuſmodi argumentum ea ratione. </s> <s>Cùm enim, inquit ipſe, forma ſubſtantiæ puncto tempo<lb></lb>ris accedat, reipſa terminus à mutatione non ſeparatur: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem generatio non fit in tem<lb></lb>pore, quandò propter illud quod ineſt in forma indiuiduum, nil aliud ſit, quàm res ipſa genita <lb></lb>cum primùm eſt: poſtquam .ſ. </s> <s>de illa verè pronuntiari poteſt, eſſe, & quoniam anteà non erat, <lb></lb>exempli cauſſa ignis, pòſt verò eſt. </s> <s>Verumenimuero hæc mutatio materia fundatur, vel quòd <lb></lb>materies in generatione mutetur, licet non ſecundum ſubſtantiam, at quoniam terminatur ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia: nos mutationem accipimus, tanquam diuerſam ab ipſa re quæ facta eſt: vel etiam, quo<lb></lb>niam ante hoc temporis punctum non erat, poſt ipſum eſt. </s> <s>Certè dum mutatur materia, ſic mu<lb></lb>tatur; quoniam afficitur & alteratur: hic autem motus ille eſt, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>mutatio, quæ reipſa diſtin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1182"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>guitur à forma. </s> <s>At quia talem accidentium mutationem conſequitur eſſe aliud ſecundum ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam, licet in inſtanti ſit aliud; idcirco vos materiam cogitatione cum plectimur antequam <lb></lb>ſit illud ad quod fuerat tranſitura. </s> <s>quaſi verò fingamus actum <expan abbr="generabilẽ">generabilem</expan> in eo quod propriè al<lb></lb>teratur, ſine concepto: & decipiamur; quoniam id quod obſeruamus eſſe factum, ſicut in aliis <lb></lb>mutationibus, & categoriis fiebat prius, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fieri credamus in ortu & ſubſtantia; vel etiam <lb></lb>quia quod in vno eſt temporis puncto re, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione diſtincto, nos mente diſtinguimus, <lb></lb>quaſi ſint puncta diuerſa: & ita fingimus progreſſum naturæ à priore ad poſterius qui quidem <lb></lb>naturæ non eſt, ſed vnius mentis quæ diſtinguit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc eſt germana eius viri ſententia, qua <lb></lb>conſtituta ſit, reſpondetur ad obiectionem. </s> <s>Cùm enim opponitur. </s> <s>Non eiuſdem prędicamen<lb></lb>ti fore viam & terminum: inficiatur ipſe: eſt enim, inquit, & via ad ſubſtantiam in prædicamen<lb></lb>to ſubſtantiæ: & illa eſt, quæ ſola mente concipitur à ſuo termino diſtincta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Falſoq́">Falſoque</expan>. </s> <s>illud aſ<lb></lb>ſumptum. </s> <s>Affectionem, ſine alterationem eſſe viam in ſubſtantiam, ſiquidem in materia po<lb></lb>teſtas & progreſſas duplex ſit, & ſecundum qualitatem cuius beneficio materia ſit qualis, & ter<lb></lb>minatur quali, & ſecundum ſubſtantiam; atque ille qui eſt ſecundum ſubſtantiam, comitatur al<lb></lb>teri, qui eſt ſecundum quale: verumtamen ab eo differt; quoniam re ipſa progreſſus in ſubſtan <pb pagenum="158"></pb>tia terminus eſt alterius qui eſt ſecundum qualitatem. </s> <s>Nemo re vera, ni prorſus fallor, hanc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1183"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rem in eam ſententiam ſubtilius expreſsit. </s> <s>Attamen hæc illum ita iuuent, veluti prouerbio fer<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Vt lippum pictę tabulæ, fomenta podagram. </s> <s>Nam mitto hæc non eſſe ex Auerrois ſen<lb></lb>tentia pronunciata; quippe qui elementorum formas intendi & remitti profeſſus ſit: quam<lb></lb>obrem fieri non poteſt, quin eorum generatio tempore abſoluatur. </s> <s>Verùm ſiquis opinionem <lb></lb>Auerrois defendere nolit; audiat quo pacto aduerſentur hæc Ariſtoteli, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> firma decreta op<lb></lb>pugnent. </s> <s>In primis ſi ſucceſsio generationi ſubſtantiæ conueniret beneficio qualitatis adnexæ: <lb></lb>certè cauſſa ſucceſsionis in generatione à qualitatis ingenio petenda foret: aliter eſſet cauſſa per <lb></lb>accidens, & à demonſtratione abhorrens. </s> <s>Sed cauſſa ſucceſsionis ab Ariſtotele aſsignatur quæ <lb></lb>ducitur à ſubſtantia, nempe diuiſio quæ per ſe ineſt in ſubſtantia, quoniam eſt per ſe quanta, & <lb></lb>extenta eſt & partibilis propter materiam, quemadmodum ſuperiore capite ſcripſimus: Ergo <lb></lb>ſucceſsio non à qualitate arceſſenda eſt, ſed à ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Prætereà docemur <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in permanenti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1184"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus vltimum non eſſe rei quæ corrumpebatur, reperiri: atqui ſignificat hoc ordinem & habi<lb></lb>tudinem ad aliud non eſſe quod medium ſit inter eſſe ſimpliciter & non eſſe ſimpliciter, nec vlti<lb></lb>mum ſit, & videre eſt Ariſtotelem in ea demonſtratione rationem habere inſtantium, & formas <lb></lb>ipſas ex inſtantibus iudicare, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>diuerſa <expan abbr="cõſtituere">conſtituere</expan> quibus, ſcilicet, res ipſa fit, & quibus facta eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1185"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Adde etiam quòd Ariſtoteles eundem progreſſum obſeruari docet in alteratione & ortu, quòd <lb></lb>ſi in affectione inſtantia quibus fit res, & quibus eſt facta, non ſunt eadem; in ortu quoque di<lb></lb>uerſa ſint inſtantia neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Nunquid eò confugient, vt hæc diuiſio ſit ſubiecti, & ſecundum <lb></lb>parteis quantas? </s> <s>Non licet profectò; ibi enim oſtenditur, cur non ſit primum mutatum eſſe, <lb></lb>& cur id quod eſt nunc, antefiebat, & nihil eſt factum, quin prius fieret, & nihil fieri quin habue<lb></lb>rit partem factam, & quòd omnis generatio perpetuò conſtat ex eo quod fit, & eo quod factum <lb></lb>eſt, & agitur perſpicuè non de partibus quantitatis ſubiecti, ſed partibus, & continuatione mo<lb></lb>tus, quatenus eſt forma fluens. </s> <s>Prætereà concluderetur oppoſitum eius quod vult Ariſtoteles: <lb></lb>vult enim ibi oſtendere in generatione non dari primum genitum: at in re & ſubiecto datur pri<lb></lb>mum genitum quod eſt minimum, & in animali præcipuè, vt pluribus explicatum eſt ab Auer<lb></lb>roë 7. Phyſ. cùm quæritur, vtrùm omne quod per ſe moueatur, à ſeipſo primò moueatur. </s> <s>Et 8. <lb></lb>Phyſ. concluditur primum in re. </s> <s>Quare paret Ariſtotelem non agere de partibus quanti, ſed <lb></lb>ortus. </s> <s>Addo etiam decretum Ariſtotelis ex 9. Met. T. 14. vbi docet in ortu eſſe quaſdam parteis <lb></lb>factas, quæ remanent in re genita, ex quibus tota ſubſtantia conſiſtit. </s> <s>Si igitur reipſa dicet ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1186"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione diuerſa ſunt genita quæ antea gignebantur; ergo & quæ gignebantur erunt ſubſtantiæ par<lb></lb>tes: aliter è non ſubſtantiis ſubſtantia fieret; neque tergiuerſari licet, <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> eius verba generatim <lb></lb>comprehendunt <expan abbr="quencunq.">quencunque</expan> motum per ſe, & confirmantur iis quæ conſtituta fuerant in libris <lb></lb>de motu, in quibus ea planè decernuntur quę dicuntur & dicentur à nobis. </s> <s>Ex quo dicendum <lb></lb>non eſt hæc à ſola mente, non autem à natura diſtingui, quod item multò prius expoſitum fue<lb></lb>rat, cùm ſit concluſum, ortus quoque non eſſe primum aliquid, ſed vltimum, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eo enim pacto, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1187"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non eadem re ſunt generatio & genitum eſſe; ſed ipſa <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> tendit ad formam quæ eſt à ſe ipſa <lb></lb>diſtincta. </s> <s>Venit item mihi illud in mentem, quod valeat ad eandem theſin conuellendam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si priuatio principium eſt, dum fit res, non autem poſtquàm facta eſt. </s> <s>Ergo aliud inſtans, quo <lb></lb>fit res & quo facta eſt, vt <expan abbr="cuiq́">cuique</expan>. </s> <s>perſpicuum eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>Si id ita eſt. </s> <s>Igitur in tempore generatio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque potes effugere laqueum, quia prius illud inſtans ad pręuias affectiones referatur, cùm pri<lb></lb>uatio principium ſit ſubſtantiæ primò, tum deinde accidentis, vt docuit nos Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Itaque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1188"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pertinet illa mutatio ad ſubſtantiam ipſam, non ad qualitates. </s> <s>Neque item videtur inſtantiam <lb></lb>tollere quòd ſit quidem principium priuatio, dum fit res, quod tamen fieri ſolùm ratione, non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1189"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tempore ſegregetur ab eo quod factum eſt. </s> <s>Dicam enim hîc, vt dixit aliquando Ariſtoteles ex <lb></lb>Simonide orationem hanc ſimilem illius eſſe quam ſerui pronunciant; nam propter mendacia. <lb></lb></s> <s>quæ ab initio dixere, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> longam ipſos orationem contexere oportet. </s> <s>Si enim ſola ratione ſegre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1190"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gatur fieri in quo eſt priuatio à facto eſſe in quo eſt forma: ergo etiam ſimul & in eodem puncto <lb></lb>temporis erunt priuatio & forma, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>erit ſimul & non erit; quam difficultatem vt tolleret <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, coactus fuit ponere vltimum non eſſe in quo priuatio prorſus extingueretur. </s> <s>Itaque <lb></lb>eſt aliud punctum, & reipſa ſeparatum quo priuatio principium eſt rei, dum fit, atque illud quo <lb></lb>facta res eſt. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſequeretur, non in eodem prædicamento futurum eſſe actum & poteſta<lb></lb>tem, cuius actus eſſet ipſa mutatio. </s> <s>Nam poſteà docebimus in generatione proceſſum eſſe à <lb></lb>prima poteſtate ad vltimam cum qua forma exiſtit. </s> <s>Nunc cùm in indiuiduo ſit res, erit in præ<lb></lb>dicamento ſubſtantiæ poteſtas vltima ſolum; vbi ergo præcedentes? </s> <s>Ita igitur patet vt tempus <lb></lb>quoque pertineat ad ortum, & quemadmodum generatio ſimpliciter ſit obnoxia tempori. </s> <s>Ne<lb></lb>que illud omittendum, quòd vbi adeſt diſcrimen inſtantium in mutatione neceſſariò requiritur <lb></lb>tempus, ne fortè dicamus, cùm diuerſæ partes in diuerſis fiant inſtantibus, & ex iis non fiat tem<lb></lb>pus, etiam earum ortum totum inſtanti abſolui, ſiquidem tollant hæc iudicium Ariſtotelis <pb pagenum="159"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1191"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>8. Phyſ. toto illo loco quo probatur inter duos motus oppoſitos, quicunque illi ſint, intercede<lb></lb>re quietem, ſicut planè inſtantia diuerſa, ergo & tempus. </s> <s>Huic etiam opinioni, vt iam grauiſ<lb></lb>ſimorum philoſophorum auctoritate res agatur; ſubſcripſiſſe conſtat Theophraſtum, Alexan<lb></lb>drum <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui omnem progreſſum in ſpeciem perfectam generationem eſſe ſtatuerit, & poſt ipſos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1192"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Simplicium, à quibus etiam tantum perſuaſus eſt Calaber, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt exiſtimauerit formam quoque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1193"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantię tempore contrahi generationis progreſſum, ſic exponens. </s> <s>Nam primùm generans af<lb></lb>ficiebat materiam ſecundum qualitatem, neque enim voluit à cæteris ipſe diſcedere qui omnes <lb></lb>de pręuiis affectionibus vno ore mentionem faciunt; atque vt primum huiuſmodi affectio habi<lb></lb>litans abſoluta eſſet, incipere antiquam formam corrumpi, <expan abbr="nouamq́">nouamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimul produci. </s> <s>ita vt toto <lb></lb>illo tempore quod conſequitur finem eius affectionis, ſit interitus formæ veteris, generatio verò <lb></lb>ſuccedentis. </s> <s>Quoniam verò ſubſtantiæ formis aliquid eſt contrarium; inde effici vt introductio <lb></lb>formę <expan abbr="generãdæ">generandæ</expan> momento fieri non poſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> reſiſtentia <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan> inhæreat, reſiſtentiæ verò <lb></lb>ſucceſsio comitetur. </s> <s>Secundum parteis igitur ſubſtantiæ forma introducitur, atque ita fit omnis <lb></lb>tranſmutatio omniſque generatio in quodam tempore perficitur. </s> <s>Voluit hic vir, vt videtur ni<lb></lb>mium gratificari Auerroi apud <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> formæ elementorum diuiduæ ſunt, & plus <expan abbr="minuſq́">minuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="accipiũt">accipiunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At mihi neque ſenſus, neque ratio rem ita eſſe dictant. </s> <s>Dum enim ipſe putat abſolui affectio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1194"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem priuſquam generatio cœperit, ſequitur vt ipſe velit, qualitatis ortum ortui ſubſtantiæ præ<lb></lb>cedere, affectionis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abſolutio terminus eſt; terminus autem eſt ipſa qualitas. </s> <s>Atqui cùm ſenſus, <lb></lb>tum ratio, tum etiam Ariſtoteles hoc falſum eſſe perſuadent, ſiquidem ignis tum ſimpliciter ca<lb></lb>lidus ſit, vbi genitus & perfectus fuerit. </s> <s>nam tum maximè calefacit; & operatur ſecundum na<lb></lb>turam quæ eſt ipſa forma. </s> <s>Prætereà ſicuti accidens, vt ſit, ſubſtantiam flagitat, nam ſequitur <lb></lb>ipſam, ſic & forma accidentis ſubſtantiæ formam conſequitur. </s> <s>Vt enim ſe habet accidens ad <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam: ſic <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> accidentis forma ad formam ſubſtantiæ ſe habeat neceſſe eſt, ſunt etenim <lb></lb>vtraque per ſuam formam. </s> <s>Sed accidens eſt per ſubſtantiam, aut ex ſubſtantia pendet. </s> <s>Et for<lb></lb>mæ igitur accidentis forma ſubſtantię ſupponitur. </s> <s>Inſuper docet Ariſtoteles perfectam eſſe qua<lb></lb>litatem, vt primum res eſt, anteà verò ſummè calidum non eſſe. </s> <s>Proptereà confirmabat <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1195"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tunc elementum in ſuo loco ſimpliciter, cùm iam genitum foret, vt ſimul tempore ad ſummum; <lb></lb>ſed natura non ſimul & ſubſtantia completa ſit, & accidentia quæ conſequuntur ſubſtantiam: <lb></lb>nullo autem modo accidens ſubſtantiæ præcedat. </s> <s>Deinde facit hic auctor formam ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>diuiduam, de elementorum formis ſeparatim poſteà dicetur, <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> de forma generaliter agemus. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1196"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nil autem magis Ariſtoteli diſplicere videtur, quàm quòd forma ſit diuidua. </s> <s>Nam ſi forma <lb></lb>diuidua, vnde vnitatis ratio petetur in naturalibus? </s> <s>Accipit item Ariſtoteles formam eſſe finem <lb></lb>generationis: at ratio finis, quatenus ipſe finis eſt, eſt eſſe indiuiduum. </s> <s>Nec quiſquam huic <lb></lb>ſententiæ refragabitur qui Ariſtotelicas rationes aduertat 6. Phyſ. ſcriptas. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Adde quòd ſi for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1197"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma diuidua foret, aut à generatione ipſa non ſepararetur; aut genita diuidi poſſent. </s> <s>In quocun<lb></lb>que enim motu duo ſunt & quod generatur quod à motu ſola ratione diſtinguitur, vt ſuprà vi<lb></lb>ſum eſt, & quod genitum eſt. </s> <s>At forma non eſt id quod generatur, hoc enim quatenus genera<lb></lb>tur, tendit ad formam, neque eſt forma. </s> <s>Ergo forma reſpondet ei quod genitum eſt. </s> <s>Id verò <lb></lb>eſt indiuiduum, & idcirco vltimum non eſſe & primum eſſe rei ponuntur à philoſopho, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1198"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt indiuidua neceſſariò ne, aut <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> ſimul <expan abbr="exiſtãt">exiſtant</expan>, aut materia ſit olim omni forma priuata. <lb></lb></s> <s>Huc accedit quòd legimus apud eundem auctorem, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> materiam vltimam idem eſſe cum forma, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1199"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed cùm forma præſente in vltima materia res iam ſit, non autem amplius fiat, forma prorſus in<lb></lb>diuidua ſit oportet. </s> <s>Eſſe verò tum rem; cum forma ſit in vltima materia, monſtrant ea quæ de <lb></lb>poteſtate vltima & forma 9. primæ philoſophię libro decreuit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> formam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1200"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>indiuiduam non ſemel eſſe teſtatur, <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod interim accipias velim de forma quatenus forma eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1201"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& pręcipuè de forma ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Itaque propter formam quæque res non ſanè fieri, ſed eſſe <lb></lb>dicitur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1181"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1182"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1183"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1184"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1185"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1186"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1187"></margin.target>b 6. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1188"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 56.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1189"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1190"></margin.target>d 14. Met. <lb></lb>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1191"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1192"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>c. </s> <s>de nat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1193"></margin.target>b <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> de in<lb></lb>cremento.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1194"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1195"></margin.target>c 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 32. <lb></lb><lb></lb>4. de Cęlo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1196"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1197"></margin.target>d T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1198"></margin.target>e 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1199"></margin.target>f 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1200"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1201"></margin.target>g 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5. <lb></lb><lb></lb>7. Met. T. <lb></lb>28.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex propria ſententia demonſtratur ſucceſſionem pertinere ad ortum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TEMPVS eſt nunc, vt adſcribamus quæ ſit animi noſtri ſententia, de eo quòd ſucceſsio in <lb></lb>ortu quoque inſit. </s> <s>Hæc verò nonnullarum vocum explanationem poſtulat nimirum <foreign lang="grc">με<lb></lb>ταβολῆς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>mutationis, <foreign lang="grc">κινήσεως</foreign>, hoc eſt motus, <foreign lang="grc">γενέσεως</foreign>, ſiue generationis, neque enim ſin<lb></lb>gularum vniuſmodi vſus eſt, & earum varietas miram perplexitatem parere poteſt. </s> <s>Exordiamur <lb></lb>à multitudine: hęc primùm communiſsimè ſumitur: etenim ſignificat <foreign lang="grc">ἀνο μετ̓ ἀνο</foreign> .i. </s> <s>vnum poſt <lb></lb>aliud, ſiue id è veſtigio ſit, ſiue etiam cum tempore, quæ propriè eſt <foreign lang="grc">μεταβασις</foreign>, & tranſitus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ea verò eſt vel inter contraria, vel contradicentia, vel oppoſita. </s> <s>Proinde partes eius tres enume<lb></lb>rantur ex non ſubiecto in ſubiectum, quæ eſt generatio, è non ſubiecto in ſubiectum, quæ eſt illi <lb></lb>oppoſita corruptio, & è ſubiecto in ſubiectum qui propriè motus appellatur, & eſt inter contra <pb pagenum="160"></pb>ria, & de talibus moueri & quieſcere dicitur, ex non ſubiecto in non ſubiectum mutatio nulla, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1202"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt docet Ariſtoteles 11. primæ phil. </s> <s>T. 10. quòd in his nulla neque contrarietas, neque contradi<lb></lb>ctio, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> oppoſitio, propriiſsimè verò mutatio ponitur in contradicentibus. </s> <s>Motus etiam com<lb></lb>muniſsimè accipitur, vt proceſſus ſcilicet ab imperfecto ad perfectum, qui eſſe ſolet in quattuor <lb></lb>primis categoriis ſubſtantia, quanto, quali, & ipſo vbi; ac ſub ea amplitudine definitur 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>propriiſsimè autem motus eſt ex ſubiecto in <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & illi opponitur quies. </s> <s>ſic etiam <foreign lang="grc">γένεσις</foreign>, <lb></lb>.i. </s> <s>generatio videtur eſſe vox multiplex, & modo ſignificat quiddam <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan>, aliàs quiddam fiens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam mos eſt Græcę linguæ vti conſimilibus nominum formulis quæ grammatici verbalia nun<lb></lb>cupant, quibus actus & poteſtas ſignificentur, & quod factum eſt & fiens, vt <foreign lang="grc">σύνθετον</foreign>, quod actu <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſt, & quod eſt poteſtate & <foreign lang="grc">σῆψις</foreign> eſt putredo alio nomine <foreign lang="grc">σαπρότης</foreign>, & putrefactio <lb></lb>ideſt via in putredinem, & <foreign lang="grc">κρᾶσις</foreign> temperatio, atque temperies: & <foreign lang="grc">ενωσις</foreign> vnitio atque vnio, ſi<lb></lb>ue concordatio & concordia: ſimiliter etiam <foreign lang="grc">γένεσις, & μεταβολή</foreign> generatio, & quod genitum <lb></lb>eſt; tranſmutatio & quod tranſmutatum eſt, ita enim deficientibus vocibus quę indicent actum <lb></lb>iam perfectum, quemadmodum concordia, temperies, & putredo, liceat nobis perſpicuitatis gra<lb></lb>tia generationem <expan abbr="cõpletam">completam</expan> exprimere, noui enim optimè genitum & tranſmutatum rem ipſam <lb></lb>propriè notare quę iam facta ſit; ſed quia transfertur etiam ad ſignificandum mutationis ſuę ter<lb></lb>minum, genitum quidem generationis, tranſmutatum verò tranſmutationis; exiſtimaui poſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1203"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>me abuti vocibus eiuſmodi ad declarandum id quod in pręſentia quærimus. </s> <s>Secundò generatio <lb></lb>ſumitur pro illo progreſſu qui eſt à ſubſtantia imperfecta ad ſubſtantiam perfectam, vt cùm è ſe<lb></lb>mine fit homo, & in hac notione comprehenditur ſub definitione motus primi ſignificati, & qui <lb></lb>explicatus eſt 3. Phyſ. Poſtremò generatio eſt tranſitus ex non ſubiecto in ſubiectum & à non eſ<lb></lb>ſe ſimpliciter ad eſſe ſimpliciter, ideſt, mutatio, inter id quod nullo modo conſecutum eſt deno<lb></lb>minationem finis, neque perdidit adhuc nomen & definitionem, quam habebat, & illud quod <lb></lb>aliam denominationem & definitionem ſibi comparauit. </s> <s>veluti cùm fit homo è ſemine eſt illuc <lb></lb>vſque ſemen, <expan abbr="quouſq;">quouſque</expan> homo abſolutus eſt, & cùm primùm abſolutus eſt homo, non eſt amplius <lb></lb>ſemen, ſed transformatum eſt in hominem, & appellatur homo, & definitur vt homo, & hęc eſt <lb></lb>mutatio propriè; quoniam hæc ſunt contradicentia, tametſi & hæc diſtribuitur in eam quæ ſim<lb></lb>pliciter eſt, & quæ aliquo modo vt cùm ex non albo fit album. </s> <s>Quare ſiquando dixerit Ariſto<lb></lb>teles <foreign lang="grc">τὸ κατὰ δυναμιν</foreign> non moueri, vt 11. primæ philoſophiæ, vel intelligi id quod opponitur ei <lb></lb>quod eſt ſimpliciter, & propter aliquem actum; talis verò eſt materies, vel motus acceptus eſt in <lb></lb>tertio ſignificato, & preſsius quàm ſumptus fuerit 3. Phyſ. Quanquam etiam alia latebra dete<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1204"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gitur ex ipſis ipſiuſmet Ariſtotelis verbis ſiquidem motus ſit ex ſubiecto in ſubiectum, eo quòd <lb></lb>in generatione item ſit aliquid quod eſt ex parte termini à quo & eius quod ille vocat <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινό<lb></lb>μενον</foreign>, ideſt fiens: neque enim eſt per ſe non ens, & quamuis in eo ſit priuatio, etiam priuatio ſi<lb></lb>gnificatur affirmatione, & eſt quoquomodo poſitiuum; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>de illo motus iure prędicabitur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo accipere licet ea quæ dicuntur ab eodem de corruptione, quod ratione qua eſt id <lb></lb>in quod eſt facta corruptio, erit in ſubiectum, & verò de illo poterit dici motus. </s> <s>Quicquid ſit <lb></lb>tamen non inficias iuerim, tranſmutationem quatenus ſignificat hoc poſt hoc, & ſolam forma<lb></lb>rum ſucceſsionem excluſo & circunſcripto progreſſu ab vna forma ad alteram, qui ſpectatur in <lb></lb>materia, eſſe ſine tempore: veruntamen 3. Phyſ. nullam eius haberi rationem, vt contrà eam quę <lb></lb>notat progreſſum, puncto temporis obiri nego; quam item definiri placet 3. Phyſ. ſic <foreign lang="grc">γένεσιν</foreign>, <lb></lb>ſi formarum ſucceſsionem ſolam ſignificet, & id quod genito reſpondet, ſubitam eſſe non nega<lb></lb>uerim; & vt obitur inter contradicentia, eam tamen conueniri, dum traderetur definitio motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi <foreign lang="grc">γένεσις</foreign> progreſſum notet ab vna forma ad alteram, & ab imperfecta ſubſtantia ad per<lb></lb>fectam, veluti à ſemine ad hominem; dum ſcilicet forma quæ poſteà labefactatur in progreſſu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1205"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ad extremum deletur, ſalua <expan abbr="integraq́">integraque</expan>. </s> <s>erat, ad eam tendit in quam poſteà deſinit; eam qui<lb></lb>dem ſub motus definitione comprehendi, & aliquo modo ſe habere dicimus ad tempus. </s> <s>De hoc <lb></lb>ergo nunc diſputatur, & poſtremum hoc ſignificatum in controuerſiam venit. </s> <s>Id Latini dicunt <lb></lb>ex duobus conſtare primordiis, affectione, ſeu præuia diſpoſitione, atque introductione formæ <lb></lb>quæ pertinet ad ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Neque id ſine firmo & graui teſtimonio (locum enim ego indi<lb></lb>cabo, licet illos latêre videatur) quòd Ariſtoteles ipſe <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tum generandi officium deleget efficien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1206"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ti, vbi iam fuerit præparata materia, & ab ea pulſum ſit omne impedimentum. </s> <s>atqui re ita ſe ha<lb></lb>bente ſuccedit id è veſtigio. </s> <s>Igitur etiam res ipſa ſubitò generabitur: cetera quæ antecedunt ad <lb></lb>apparatum materię referentur: aut ſi rectius dicere velimus; non generabitur res, ſed genita erit. <lb></lb></s> <s>De hac ipſa re nunc quoque nos agamus hinc ſumpto exordio. </s> <s>Nam motus atque omnino mu<lb></lb>tatio præſefert imperfectionem quandam quę ſuopte impulſu dirigitur, & tendit ad <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Iam enim accipio naturam & poteſtatem quæ eſt ad oppoſita, ſemper dirigi per ſe ad perfectius; <lb></lb>ad imperfectius verò non dirigi, aut non per ſe, ſed ex euento. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis percunctetur, vnde<lb></lb>nam talis imperfectio ducatur in ſubſtantia, repetam hîc ego breuiter, tria eſſe generationis ini <pb pagenum="161"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1207"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia, materiam priuationem & formam. </s> <s>Ex his formam eſſe bonum, diuinum, per ſe expeten<lb></lb>dum, finem ſcilicet, & perfectionem; eſſe verò perfectionem materiæ quæ per ſe imperfecta eſt, <lb></lb>poteſtas, nec quicquam eſt propter adnexam priuationem. </s> <s>Si igitur perfici debeat, neceſſe eſt <lb></lb>priuatio pereat; & adueniat forma cuius præſentia iam materia perfecta eſt, & generatio com<lb></lb>pleta. </s> <s>Cęterùm hoc vnicuique <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan>, neque id quæritur nunc; ſed illud quæritur, ante<lb></lb>quam adſit forma noua, aut vetus abſit (quandò iam ſtatuitur indiuidua) quemadmodum ma<lb></lb>teria perficiatur, & qui ſit eius motus; an'ne diſpoſitio & affectio, ideſt, motus ſecundum quali<lb></lb>tatem, an motus ſecundum ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Hîc verò idem accipias velim motum ac mutationem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde quoniam termini tranſmutationis in ſubſtantia ſunt ens & non ens, explicandum quo<lb></lb>que eſt, an'ne inter hæc aliquod medium interponatur cuius beneficio tranſitus ille qui eſt in<lb></lb>ter hos duos terminos oppoſitos fiat puncto temporis: an contrà potius aliquod temporis ſpa<lb></lb>tium ad ipſum perficiendum requiratur. </s> <s>in hoc enim magnam vim ponunt, vt video, Latini. <lb></lb></s> <s>& mehercle hic eſt totius cauſſæ ſtatus & cardo noſtræ quęſtionis. </s> <s>Quantum igitur ad pri<lb></lb>mum ſpectat; audiuimus antè Latinos omnes totum illud quod antecedit præſentiæ formæ, <lb></lb>præuiam eſſe velle affectionem, <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> in qualitatis categoria collocare. </s> <s>Potuit etiam ex<lb></lb>hibere ſuſpicionem huius animi Alexander qui tametſi decernit primas qualitates eſſe formas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1208"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quę compleant eſſentias elementorum, aſſerit tamen, niſi generatio perficiatur, factam fuiſſe <lb></lb>ſolùm alterationem. </s> <s>Alia non addam de formis elementorum; quippe quòd alibi ad exi<lb></lb>tum perducta fuerint; ne longior in eo ponenda ſit oratio quod alterius gratia quæritur, <lb></lb>quàm in illo propter quod hoc quæritur; ſed vt Latinorum iudicium veritatis ergò confir<lb></lb>mem, hunc quoque locum placuit indicare. </s> <s>Veniamus ad noſtra. </s> <s>Vt autem noſtra fert <lb></lb>opinio, quam item ab Alexandri ſententia diuerſam non eſſe credimus; præuia quoque af<lb></lb>fectio ad prędicamentum ſubſtantiæ releganda eſt: quin poſtquam hæc commentati fuiſſemus, <lb></lb>& coniectura ducti ſic decreuiſſemus, incidimus in 3. Quęſtionum <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>quo loco pręuias affe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1209"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctiones generationis partem conſpicuè conſtituit Alexander. </s> <s>Nec non in ſecundum de Ani<lb></lb>ma, vbi eandem quoque ſententiam adſcripſit illi Simplicius. </s> <s>verùm neque ipſemet eiuſmodi <lb></lb>ſententiæ auctor, neque Simplicius modum ſcripſere quo præuia iſtæ affectiones ſint pars gene<lb></lb>rationis: talem nos exprimimus ex natura generationis, quam dicimus eſſe actum generabilis, <lb></lb>quoad eſt generabile. </s> <s>Generabile autem eſt ſubiectum, id verò non ens, non ens autem per ac<lb></lb>cidens propter priuationem, ſcilicet, per ſe ens, hoc eſt, materia, quæ eſt in potentia ſubſtantia. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1210"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Veruntamen quoniam priuatio non eſt in materia ſeorſum, ſed ſemper eſt affixa certæ formæ, <lb></lb>quam ſtatuamus in præſentia contrariam; ideò geminum eſt ſubiectum & ſtratum generationis, <lb></lb>compoſitum proximè, primò verò materia, vt ex terra fit ignis, & omnis affectio ad ignem pro<lb></lb>ximè terra fundatur, remotè verò materia, ſed præcipuè. </s> <s>sed enim materia quæ generationi ſu<lb></lb>biicitur, eſt ſingularis: ſunt enim mutationes ſingularium: in hac eſt ſignata poteſtas, propter<lb></lb>quam apta eſt accipere hanc formam, non aliam; quia poteſtas ſemper oppoſito nititur, ideò vbi <lb></lb>adſit oppoſitum, ſemper eſt habilitas ad alterum, veluti terra, quoniam frigida, calefieri poteſt, <lb></lb>& fieri ignis: ſic ex vino, non ex aqua fit acetum. </s> <s>Proptereà per generationem tollitur hęc po<lb></lb>teſtas, & cum ipſa perimitur materia proxima terræ & vini, altera ſuccedit, vt ignis & aceti. </s> <s>Sic er<lb></lb>go opinamur præuias affectioneis pertinere ad mutationem materiæ ſenſilis, quatenus eſt mate<lb></lb>ria, & poteſtate ſubſtantia; eiuſque eſſe actum illum generabilis, quatenus generabile. </s> <s>Ex quo <lb></lb>effectum eſt, vt Ariſtoteles, cùm vellet deſcribere mutationem ſubſtantiæ ſimplicem, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1211"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nunc agimus (nam reliquæ mutationes ſubſtantiæ nimirùm per transfigurationem, <expan abbr="appoſitionẽ">appoſitionem</expan>, <lb></lb>ſubtractionem, & compoſitionem, ac reſolutionem, non erant ſimplicis ſubſtantiæ mutationes, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1212"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neque primæ) ſic dicebat. </s> <s>Quædam verò alteratione (ſimpliciter gignuntur) vt quæ vertun<lb></lb>tur ſecundum materiam. </s> <s>ſub alterationis nomine <expan abbr="cõprehendens">comprehendens</expan> generationem, & materię con<lb></lb>uerſione notans, eam mutationem fieri circum materiam quæ eſt non ens, quippe ſolùm pote<lb></lb>ſtate id quod eſt: ea verò proprium eſt generationis <expan abbr="ſubſtantiæq́">ſubſtantiæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum; ſiquidem ea quæ <lb></lb>non fiunt ſimpliciter, habeant ſubiectum in actu. </s> <s>Quare, quemadmodum, materies eſt ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, & actus materiæ perfectus eſt ſubſtantia, ſic quoque actus materię imperfectus, & eius actus, <lb></lb>quatenus eſt materia ſubſtantiæ ſubſtantia ſit, aut ad ipſam reducatur oportet. </s> <s>huiuſmodi au<lb></lb>tem eſt affectio præuia: conſtat enim è poteſtate & actu ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Nanque etſi videtur fieri <lb></lb>mutatio ſecundum qualitatem, ea mutatio ſubſtantiam nihilominus attingit. </s> <s>Id vt eueniat <lb></lb>attende. </s> <s>Primùm ſcire conuenit dum de præuiis affectionibus agimus, haberi ſermonem de <lb></lb>qualitatibus actuoſis, quas idcirco nuncupamus actuoſas, quòd ſint actus quidam per quos in<lb></lb>ter ſe res naturaleis quæ materia ſenſili conſtant, afficiunt, quòd erumpant ex primis rerum for<lb></lb>mis, quas primas qualitates eſſe generatim defendit Alexander, cùm ex his elementa proximè, <lb></lb>mox ea quæ ſunt ex elementis exiſtant, quæ item ſi ſunt primæ qualitates in actu (vt opinor) <lb></lb>apparet actiones eſſe primarum formarum. </s> <s>Sed enim cùm actus iſte ſecundus à primo ſepare <pb pagenum="162"></pb>tur & materiæ poſsit infigi nulla forma, eius'ue parte concepta in materia & ſubiecto patibili; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1213"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hinc efficitur, vt alteratio præcedat: attamen quòd hic eſt actus formæ agentis, habet etiam vim <lb></lb>immutandi materiæ poteſtatem ad formam: talis enim eſt conditio formę quæ poteſtas cum per <lb></lb>quoſdam gradus promoueatur ad formam, in cauſſa eſt cur generatio tempore abſoluatur: nihil <lb></lb>enim eſt aliud generatio, quàm materiæ prouectio ad formam <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> poteſtatem quam habet <lb></lb>ad ſubſtantiam: proinde cum, & hæc promotio paullatim fiat, vt mox apparebit; iam manifeſtè <lb></lb>tempus apparet in mutatione ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq;">Atque</expan> hæc quidem ſi defendimus Alexandrum. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi eius aduerſariis item gratificari velimus; pro eo quòd iſtæ ſint primę corporum formæ, pona<lb></lb>mus earum actus explicari per primas qualitates quę ſint aſſeclæ formarum; quare primùm affi<lb></lb>cient inferendo paſsionem, mox materiæ poteſtatem labefacient, & excuſſa priuatione <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>exhibebunt. </s> <s>Cùm etiam ipſa materia quæ ſubiecta eſt generationi ſubſtantiæ, ſenſilis ſit, (gi<lb></lb>gnitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc ex hoc, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> vniuerſale) in ea verò ſic inhęrent accidentia ſenſilia, vt, aut ipſam <lb></lb>conſtituant, aut ſaltem indicent poteſtatem materiæ particularem quę pertinet ad ſubſtantiam, <lb></lb>quemadmodum nos affatim libro ſuperiore docuimus: efficitur quoque neceſſariò, vt ea tranſ<lb></lb>mutatio materiæ pertentet ipſam ſubſtantiam, nec ſe contineat intra cancellos accidentis; licet <lb></lb>ad accidens ſolùm pertinere videatur materia latente ſub accidentibus. </s> <s>Accedit eodem quòd <lb></lb>fit mutatio ſubſtantiæ pulſa priuatione. </s> <s>Cùm igitur & priuatio ſit ſubſtantiæ principium, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1214"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantia; fit mutatio ſecundum principia ſubſtantiæ, non modo alteratio. </s> <s>Quod item ex eo <lb></lb>confirmatur; quoniam docuit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aliud eſſe materiam quæ eſt ſub priuatione, atque il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1215"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="lã">lam</expan> quæ ſub forma. </s> <s>Verumenimuero quod priuatio ſemper actu contrario fundatur qui ſuipſius <lb></lb>appetens eſt, reſiſtit quantum poteſt; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam tempus ponitur in hac mutatione. </s> <s>At hîc <lb></lb>quærat continuò quiſpiam, ſi forma eſt indiuidua, <expan abbr="punctoq́">punctoque</expan>. </s> <s>temporis accedit materiæ & in ex<lb></lb>tremo generationis, vbi primùm res eſſe, quod eſt à forma, dici verè poteſt: quemadmodum ge<lb></lb>neratio ſit actus in eo quod gignitur, & profectus in ſubſtantia, & quo pacto ſit magis ſubſtantia <lb></lb>dum promouetur ad formam, ſi nihil acquirit de forma. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti fit albius in proceſſu id <lb></lb>quod dealbatur; ſic magis ſubſtantia fiat neceſſe eſt id quod gignitur, dum ſecundum ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam mutatur. </s> <s>Verùm non videtur fieri poſſe magis ſubſtantia, quod ſubſtantia non accipit plus <lb></lb>& minus; & quòd forma eſt indiuidua & mutationis extremum. </s> <s>Exitum huiuſce quæſtionis <lb></lb>dicimus ex documentis Ariſtolelis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ipſe enim materiam, & eſſe duplex eſſe docuit. </s> <s>alterum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1216"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in re ipſa quod eſt ſenſile, & cum accidentibus iunctum: alterum ab accidentibus <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>, quod <lb></lb>eſt in mente ſolùm: ſic etiam materiam eſſe ſenſilem, aut intelligendam. </s> <s>Proptereà quemad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1217"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modum ſe habet eſſe ad eſſe, ſic materia ad materiam. </s> <s>Nam ſicut eſſe eſt intelligendum; ita & <lb></lb>materia: ſicut eſſe eſt ſenſile, ſic <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> materia. </s> <s>Igitur ſecundum permutatam proportionem: <lb></lb>ita ſe habet materia ſenſilis ad eſſe ſenſile, ſicut materia intelligenda ad eſſe intelligendum. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>materia intelligenda eſt pars eſſentiæ & formę quę eſt in mente. </s> <s>Ergo & materia ſenſilis eſt pars <lb></lb>illius eſſe, quod eſt ſenſile, & formæ quæ eſt in materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Illud eſſe, quod mente conſtat, & <lb></lb>materia quæ illi reſpondet, extra omnem altam mutationis conſtituta ſunt. </s> <s>Hæc, quæ ſenſui ſu<lb></lb>biacent obnoxia ſunt mutationi. </s> <s>Ad hæc generatio pertinet. </s> <s>Sed cùm forma ſit per ſe terminus: <lb></lb>ob <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> cauſſam indiuidua. </s> <s>nec ſubiectum generationis verum ſit ſubſtantia in actu; ſed in <lb></lb>potentia tantum, quod eſt materia; neceſſariò ſequitur, vt mutatio ſubſtantiæ ſola materia fun<lb></lb>detur. </s> <s>Ergo & ſi mutatio eſt profectus quidam in ſubſtantia, certè profectus ille fiet in materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quemadmodum verò fiat ille proſectus docuit Ariſtoteles & confirmauit Auerroës. </s> <s>Expreſsit <lb></lb>enim ſic Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ordinem materiæ ad ſubſtantiam, quòd ipſa primùm remota eſſet, poſteà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1218"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propinqua; atque adeò vltima quæ idem eſſet cum forma. </s> <s>Idem quoque teſtatus eſt Auerroes. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ex quo efficitur, vt actus ille quo materia è poteſtate ſubſtantia fit actu <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, non ſit profe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1219"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctus in adeptione formę, ſed in acquiſitione & proceſſu partium formæ, quos gradus appellare li<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1220"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceat, propter quem peruenit ad vltimam poteſtatem & vltimam materiam, qua terminatur om<lb></lb>nis poteſtas quæ eſt eadem protinus cum actu & forma, & res ipſa iam genita. </s> <s>A qua poteſtate <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1221"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habet etiam ſubſtantia, quòd ſit diuidua, & quod plus minus'ue accipiat. </s> <s>Quocirca dum ali<lb></lb>quandò diſputaret Ariſtoteles; vtrum plus & minus eſſent in ſubſtantia nec'ne, denegauit illa om<lb></lb>nino ſubſtantiæ quæ eſt vt forma, conceſsit verò materiæ. </s> <s>Ob materiam igitur, cuius varij ſunt <lb></lb>gradus, <expan abbr="variæq́">variæque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtates, quod fit & <expan abbr="corrũpitur">corrumpitur</expan>, miris variatur modis, & magis minus'ue per<lb></lb>fectum eſt, quouſque eò deducatur, vt aut ſit ſimpliciter, quod eſt vbi primùm extitit forma quæ <lb></lb>terminus eſt, & finis ortus; aut ſimpliciter non ſit, quod eſt vbi primùm abiit forma per quam <lb></lb>res eſt, qui terminus eſt, ne dicam finis ipſius interitus. </s> <s>Neque tamen, aut tempore acceſsit, aut <lb></lb>abiit forma, ſed tempore, aut poteſtatem contraxit, vt ſit in interitu, aut amiſit materia, vt <lb></lb>euenit in ortu <expan abbr="meritoq;">meritoque</expan> materiæ compoſitum. </s> <s>Nam dum materia promouetur ad vltimam po<lb></lb>teſtatem, ipſum actum <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>attingit, & exiſtit tunc id quod gignebatur, quia nil de poteſta<lb></lb>te relinquitur in illa. </s> <s>dum eadem ad primam poteſtatem reuertitur fit interitus; vt primùm in <pb pagenum="163"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1222"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prima poteſtate conſtituta eſt, interitus abſolutus eſt, quia materia ſimpliciter eſt poteſtate nihil <lb></lb>actu: ſed tendere ad actum, qui eſt idem cum vltima poteſtate, aut redire ad poteſtatem <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, <lb></lb>tempore abſoluitur, & hoc eſt generari, aut interire: & ex hoc generationem & interitum tem<lb></lb>pus dimetitur. </s> <s>eſſe & non eſſe ſunt indiuidua: quamobrem & indiuidua eſt menſura illorum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm in materia ſemper eſt potentia, deque ea quoquo pacto dici poteſt non eſſe, quouſque <lb></lb>ad illam extremam poteſtatem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> peruenerit quæ idem dicitur eſſe cum forma, & quo facto res <lb></lb>ipſa genita eſt. </s> <s>Verum enimuero, tametſi, dum fit res, non adeſt forma, niſi in extremo, tamen, <lb></lb>dum aboletur, extat ſemper donec omneis perfectionis gradus materia depoſuerit. </s> <s>Ecce dum <lb></lb>moritur homo, fit, nec dum eſt cadauer. </s> <s>eſt tamen homo ſemper vſque ad extremum. </s> <s>Cauſſa <lb></lb>(niſi fallor) eſt natura formæ, quæ per ſe ipſam totius habet rationem & in ſeipſa vna eſt & indi<lb></lb>uidua; quicquid habet partitionis id materiæ priuilegio conſecuta eſt. </s> <s>Cùm ergo ſit totum in <lb></lb>ſe, niſi ad extremum peruenerit totum non eſt, neque forma, eſt enim homo, non animal, aut ra<lb></lb>tionis compos: ſed hoc totum animal rationis compos. </s> <s>Quia verò eſt totum in materia parti<lb></lb>biliter. </s> <s>hinc fit, vt etiam ſuperſtes ſit eius ratio in quaque parte. </s> <s>Nam ſi nauem accipias, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>totam comburere iuſſus ſis, nunquam totam nauem combuſſeris, ſi qua pars eius adhuc ſit ſu<lb></lb>perſtes; quaſi etiam totius ratio in extrema eius parte reſideat. </s> <s>Iube conſtrui totam; tota non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1223"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>erit conſtructa, niſi extrema quoque teſſella fuerit impoſita. </s> <s>Ego rum tota deſtructa erit, cùm <lb></lb>nihil ex ea ſuperſit, quod deſtruendum ſit. </s> <s>Transfer hęc nunc ad rem noſtram; niſi quòd id quod <lb></lb>erat in naui pars quanta: hîc eſt pars eſſentiæ; idem profectò iudicium ferre poteris. </s> <s>Ita ratio <lb></lb>diſpar eſt totius ſecundum formam & ſecundum materiam. </s> <s>Quare cùm in generatione ſit pro<lb></lb>greſſus ad formam; in interitu ad materiam: totius ratio variatur, & quod eſt totum in genera<lb></lb>tione non eſt, niſi partes omnes in vnum coierint, quod eſt ſecundum formam; quod verò totum <lb></lb>eſt in corruptione, vſque ad vltimam partem conſeruatur, quia totum eſt ſecundum materiam, <lb></lb>ea verò parte ſublata res amplius non eſt, ſed ſola materies, & pura vtique poteſtas. </s> <s>Ita totius il<lb></lb>lius ratio in ortu & interitu ſeruatur à natura quæ cum ſuo proceſſu congruit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1202"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1203"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1204"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1205"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1206"></margin.target>a 9. Met. <lb></lb>Cc. 5.7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1207"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1208"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1209"></margin.target>a <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1210"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1211"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 63.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1212"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1213"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1214"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1215"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1216"></margin.target>b 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1217"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1218"></margin.target>c 8. Mt. </s> <s>T. <lb></lb><lb></lb>9. Met. c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1219"></margin.target>d Tr. 4. <lb></lb>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1220"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1221"></margin.target>e 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1222"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1223"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua de formæ partibus adduntur, & quorundam ſapientum dicta cum ſuperioribus <lb></lb>conciliantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NON erit importunum, ſi rem à compluribus inauditam, & quę alioquin in paradoxis & ad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1224"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mirabilibus ab iis numerari poſsit qui parùm anxiè naturalium rerum latebras peragrant. <lb></lb></s> <s>pluribus hoc loco exponam, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>pręcipuè quod ſpero etiam fructum maximum allaturam eſ<lb></lb>ſe orationem noſtram ad illa cognoſcenda quæ phyſiologiæ receſſus habent, motus explicatio<lb></lb>nem reſpicientia quæ ſæpe in 6. & 8. Phyſ. tractando occurrunt, de motuum terminis & primo <lb></lb>& vltimo inſtanti. </s> <s>Primum ex his illud erit, vnde partes iſtæ diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Alterum ſit'ne ea<lb></lb>dem ipſarum ratio in ſubſtantia & accidente. </s> <s>Tertium, quemadmodum ſe habeant ad motum <lb></lb>& mutationem. </s> <s>Porrò in ſubſtantiis duplex eſſe cauſſa videtur, prout etiam duplex eſt ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ ſenſilis ordo. </s> <s>Nam quædam eſt ſimplex vt corpora illa quæ ſunt elementa aliorum; alia <lb></lb>ſunt mixta, & ex his nonnulla quæ multas virtutes, ſeu formas requirunt, vt exiſtant. </s> <s>Sunt enim <lb></lb>formarum gradus in his ita vt poſteriores in materia deſiderent alias, tanquam illius apparatum <lb></lb>quòd ſine ipſis aut non ſint, aut fruſtra. </s> <s>hæ verò quæ ſupponuntur, communiores eſſe ſolent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quod officium obſecrò fuerit facultatis ratione vtentis ſine ſentiente? </s> <s>cùm omnis noſtra <lb></lb>appetitio atque cognitio ortum ducat à ſenſu. </s> <s>quomodo etiam <expan abbr="vtræq́">vtræque</expan>. </s> <s>ſe ſine alente tuebuntur? <lb></lb></s> <s>quandò fluxæ ſunt, & niſi quotidie reſtaurentur, ad corporis fluxum concidant. </s> <s>Ergo ſiue vt ſint <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1225"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſteriores & minus communes, ſiue vt operentur, alia principia flagitant, neque materia nuda <lb></lb>contentæ ſunt. </s> <s>Propter has igitur facultateis quę requiruntur, antequam ad vltimam atque abſo<lb></lb>lutiſsimam formam natura perueniat, varias item contingit eſſe huiuſce formæ parteis. </s> <s>In ſimpli<lb></lb>cibus autem corporibus aut iis omnino quorum vna forma, atque illa quidem ſimplex eſſe cen<lb></lb>ſetur, propter formarum <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>partium repugnantiam. </s> <s>Cùm enim parteis ſint propter for<lb></lb>mas, & pendeant ab ipſis, earum quoque naturam participant. </s> <s>Hinc pulſio poteſtatis, & actus <lb></lb>oppoſiti introductio, dum quia poteſtas comitatur <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, vt poteſtas ad calorem frigo<lb></lb>re oppoſito fundatur, actu labefactato ſimul & ipſa langueſcit, <expan abbr="actuiq́">actuique</expan>. </s> <s>oppoſito præbet ingreſ<lb></lb>ſum. </s> <s>Nam quantum inerat de poteſtate, tantumdem intrudit de actu efficiens, & quod poteſtate <lb></lb>pręcedebat, in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> conuertit auxilio qualitatum ſenſilium: quapropter iis attributum tempus; <lb></lb>quod in generatione rerum ponitur, cùm tamen redundet in ſubſtantiam & materiam, atque po<lb></lb>tentiam quæ propter repugnantiam ſunt partibiles, neque è veſtigio contrahi poſſunt: partibili<lb></lb>tatem verò tempus conſequitur. </s> <s>Has ego materiæ partes non ero fortè accuſandus ſi graduum <lb></lb>nomine ſignificè. </s> <s>Namque etſi gradus ad qualitates propriè accommodetur; attamen ad ſubſtan<lb></lb>tias quoque transferri conſueuit à philoſophis, vnde animantium gradus dici ſolent, in quibus <pb pagenum="164"></pb>ordo ille formarum, ſeu facultatum manifeſtiſsimè perſpicitur, nec iniuria partes appellantur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1226"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd in iis natura non manet, niſi impedita fuerit; ſed <expan abbr="vſq;">vſque</expan> ad ſummum progreditur non in in<lb></lb>finitum, vt nonnunquam putauit ille Cardanus. </s> <s>nihil enim magis naturæ inſtituto repugnat; ſed <lb></lb>vſque ad terminum quendam qui per ſeipſum exiſtit, & ſpeciem faciunt, vbi ſenſiliter à cęteris <lb></lb>ſeparentur, hoc eſt, vt differentia conſtet, & ab aliis abſoluta permanere poſsint, licet ſpecies illa <lb></lb>ſit imperfecta, quia nouis ſuperuenientibus differentiis, ſeu facultatibus, & formis informari va<lb></lb>let, & illi conuenit nominatio actus & ipſius eſſe; ſ enim ſuiipſius proprius, vt quanuis funda<lb></lb>menta non ſint domus, ea tamen & fundamenta ſint & vocentur. </s> <s>Sed hoc contingit in ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiis, in accidentibus autem non modò eſſe, & nomen actus illis conuenit, ſed etiam nomen actus <lb></lb>illius perfecti quo progreſſus naturæ finitur. </s> <s>Etenim calidum vt duo, conſimiliter calidum nun<lb></lb>cupatur, atque illud quod eſt vt octo. </s> <s>Cauſſam ſi poſcas, non aliam eſſe cenſuerim quàm quòd <lb></lb>accidens actui ſubſtantiæ comitatur, & eſt per ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Nunc ſubſtantia per ſe ſeparari po<lb></lb>teſt, ſiue parteis æſtimes quantitatis, ſeu parteis eſſentię quę genere exprimuntur. </s> <s>itaque proprio <lb></lb>ſunt actu præditę, licet non omnibus numeris abſoluto, atque perfecto. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ab actu de<lb></lb>nominatio ſumatur; efficitur item vt partes ex actu ſuo cuiuſque proprio propriam denomina<lb></lb>tionem obtinuerint: partes accidentis, cùm actu proprio careant, neque ſeparabiles ſint, denomi<lb></lb>nationem petunt à toto: nanque hoc, etſi tale eſt, quòd ſubſtantia talis eſt actu, per ſe tamen eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1227"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finis talis mutationis, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>denominat mutationem & parteis, non igitur adeſt cauſſa diuerſæ <lb></lb>denominationis. </s> <s>Neque verò ſic dico, quòd per ſe diuidua ſit forma accidentis: id enim iam 6. <lb></lb>Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> confutatum fuerat ab Ariſtotele, ſed eſt diuiduum ex euento accidens ipſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1228"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia per ſe diuidi poteſt, quia conſtat ex materia tanquàm parte, cui per ſe & primò modis om<lb></lb>nibus conuenit ratio diuiſionis. </s> <s>Quapropter ab eo genere accidentium peti denominatio debet <lb></lb>quæ conſequuntur rei naturam, & ex habitu exiſtunt ab iis quæ inſunt <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ πάθος</foreign>, denomina<lb></lb>tio nulla accipitur. </s> <s>Et cùm id ex rerum natura ſit, vt finis ipſe obſeruetur, atque ille quidem non <lb></lb>terminus, ſed quod optimi rationem præſefert; audebo quoque affirmare denominationem po<lb></lb>tiſsimè ſumi, <expan abbr="gradibuſq́">gradibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>notari ab illis accidentibus quo natura contendit, vt ſi album futurum <lb></lb>ſit primus ſit atque poſterior gradus albedinis, & ſic deinceps. </s> <s>quanquam alij gradus accidentis <lb></lb>oppoſiti illos conſequuntur: quòd tendunt ad interitum, quo natura neutiquam aſpirat. </s> <s>Hoc <lb></lb>igitur eſto diſcrimen inter ſubſtantiæ partes & accidentis. </s> <s>Sed quemadmodum ſe habeant ad <lb></lb>motum & mutationem, quod tertio loco propoſitum fuerat, mox explanandum eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam <lb></lb>mutatio vox eſt ambigua, cùm & ſubitò exiſtat & nonnunquam motum adæquet, <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1229"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modo generatio; propter rerum differentiam quæ vocibus hiſce notantur, de illarum quoque <lb></lb>terminis diuerſa iudicia facienda ſunt. </s> <s>Nam ſi mutatio fuerit à motu ſeiuncta, res ipſa puncto <lb></lb>temporis exiſtit, neque terminus, aut à mutatione cuius terminus eſt, aut à re ipſa, quæ mutatio<lb></lb>ne facta exiſtit, vllo modo diſtinguitur, aut ad ſummum ratione, quoad ratio mutationis termi<lb></lb>nos oppoſitos reſpicere videtur: res ipſa iam oppoſitum excludit, exempli cauſſa illuminatio & <lb></lb>in meridie ſpectatur, & in diluculo, eadem forma perſit oculos & mentem in vtroque tempore, <lb></lb>eodem puncto temporis eſt illuminatio & aër illuminatus: ſed in diluculo cogitatur tranſitus de <lb></lb>tenebris ad lucem: in meridie verò ſola præſentia luminis. </s> <s>Ita fit vt res ipſa, quanuis eadem ſit <lb></lb>cum termino mutationis, neque reapſe diſtinguatur à mutatione, tanquam ab illis diuerſa conci<lb></lb>piatur à nobis. </s> <s>De mutatione illa, quæ itidem eſt motus, aliud dicendum eſt; quippe quòd di<lb></lb>uerſa ſint momenta temporis quibus res ipſa producitur, & quibus producta eſt, & partes muta<lb></lb>tionis varię quæ in ipſo progreſſu productæ fuerunt. </s> <s>Mitto nunc vltimum cuiuſque mutationis <lb></lb>quæ eſt forma quæ idem eſt reipſa cum re producta, & finis eſt generationis: vſque adeò vt tum <lb></lb>res eſſe dicatur, vbi primum impoſitus eſt finis, & forma exiſtit. </s> <s>de hoc enim termino controuer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1230"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſia non eſt: quandò fatentur omnes, hunc terminum per ſe conſideratum eſſe indiuiduum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſiue forma diuidua ſit, vt aliqui opinantur, ſiue indiuidua, extremum ſemper eſt vel formę <lb></lb>vel affectionis pręuiæ, vel, vt nos ipſi dicimus, generationis. </s> <s>Vnde etiam factum bene eſſe dici<lb></lb>mus, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exprimatur aliquo nomine, quo generatio comprehendatur, ſed munus formæ ſolius, <lb></lb>quod eſt eſſe proinde hoc non conſueuit dici genitum, vt alij termini qui ipſi in generatione prę<lb></lb>cedunt, aut corruptum quod extremum eſt corruptionis, ſed vltimum eſſe & non eſſe vocantur <lb></lb>quę priuationi formæúe reſpondent. </s> <s>Quæ præcedunt, genita, aut corrupta, vtpote in ipſa gene<lb></lb>ratione, aut interitu, rectè dicuntur, & ſic ab Ariſtotele vocata quæ ſi ad ſolam qualitatem ſpecta<lb></lb>rent, nec quicquam de ſubſtantia tangerent, alterata dici debuiſſent. </s> <s>Hæc item non vniuſmodi <lb></lb>ſunt, cùm & poteſtate & actu ſint: atque actu quidem ſeparabili vel per ſe, vbi natura conſerua<lb></lb>tur, vel per accidens, vbi intercedat impediens illa ſanè poteſtate, quæ ſunt ita in generatione, vt <lb></lb>cum ipſa coniuncta perpetuò ſint, non ſecus àc puncta quæ inſunt in linea, non vt termini, ſed vt <lb></lb>copulantia. </s> <s>Et in his verum eſt id quod fertur non eſſe generari, niſi ſit quippiam genitum, <lb></lb>nec eſſe genitum, niſi quid generetur, & quod genitum eſt, anteà gigni, & quod gignebatur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <pb pagenum="165"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1231"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe genitum. </s> <s>Nihil enim aliud hęc ſibi volunt, quàm continuationem in qua <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> termini <expan abbr="vbiq;">vbique</expan> <lb></lb>figi poſſunt, non aliter àc puncta. </s> <s>quæ in qualibet parte lineæ conſiſtunt; vbique enim deſignari <lb></lb>quæunt: nec vlla pars eſt lineæ, quin ibi puncta exiſtant, nec puncta ſine linea conſtare valent. <lb></lb></s> <s>attamen non eſt neceſſe, vt talia genita per ſe reapſe ſubſiſtant vniuerſa, ſed aliqua ſunt quæ nos <lb></lb>ſuprà gradus appellauimus in quibus natura quietem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> efficit: alia non niſi in cogitatione <lb></lb>poſita ſunt; aut fortè ſi quando ibi quietem natura faciat, ea eſt præter naturam, & ex impedi<lb></lb>mento. </s> <s>Veruntamen ita neceſſaria eſt eiuſmodi genitorum præſentia, vt ſine illis omnis conti<lb></lb>nuitatis ratio tollatur. </s> <s>Ex quo tametſi nihil haberent in natura quod à mutatione <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> ipſis <lb></lb>reſponderet; nihilominus in conſtitutione ortus & interitus, quatenus continuum quid ſunt, ea <lb></lb>ſunt perneceſſaria. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>illorum maxima ratio habetur 6. Phyſ. vbi res & productionem con<lb></lb>tinui ſumma diligentia perſequitur Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>At verò omnia, ſiue ea in quibus natura nihil <lb></lb>afflicta, ſi rerum ordine poſtulanti quieſcit, ſiue interpellata, virtute continentur in vltimo quod <lb></lb>dicimus eſſe formam, & verè terminum ad quem, & ſunt analogicè termini ad quos, natura illò <lb></lb>tendente & appetente, ſi non per ſe, ſaltem per aliud. </s> <s>Itaque cùm ſint partes termini ad quem, <lb></lb>eo modo quem ſuperius expoſuimus; etiam in ipſo motu id quod mouetur, eſt partim in termi<lb></lb>no à quo, partim in termino ad quem: neque tamen terminus ad quem quæ eſt forma, diuidi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1232"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſt: quoniam eſt in ea parte termini ad quem quæ continetur ipſa virtute, & à toto illo for<lb></lb>mali ſeiuncta eſt vt materia: nihilominus & vbi ſeparatæ ſunt iſtiuſmodi partes, quæcunque ſit <lb></lb>cauſſa ſeparationis ipſarum, & vbi ad actum deductæ fuerint; etiam ſunt indiuiduæ eodem ferè <lb></lb>modo puncta: ſunt enim ſic accepta termini generationis, veluti rei continuæ, ac ſi fuerint ex ſe<lb></lb>cundo genere terminorum, eiſdem attributis ornantur quibus & terminus ad quem, vltimus & <lb></lb>principalis, quoniam eandem analogicè rationem habent ad præcedentia quam terminus ad <lb></lb>quem ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Hęc verò, quę hactenus expoſuimus, illò pertinent, vt cognoſceretur præuiam <lb></lb>affectionem eſſe mutationem ſubſtantiæ & materiæ ſecundum poteſtatem quam habet ad ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam, non autem ſecundum qualitatem; niſi forte qualitas ſit inſtrumentum ſubſtantiæ; ve<lb></lb>runtamen etiam in ortu fieri progreſſum in ſubſtantia, dum ſubſtantia qualitatibus vtitur ad pro<lb></lb>ducendam ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>quo reuerſi dicta Alexandri, & Ariſtotelis expendamus quibus oppoſi<lb></lb>tum conſtituere videntur: & Alexander quidem inquiens eam tranſmutationem eſſe <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, <lb></lb>& alterationem quæ non promouetur vſque ad ſubſtantiam: Ariſtoteles verò tradens officium <lb></lb>generandi efficienti ad extremum, vbi nihil extet repugnantię. </s> <s>Nanque in eum ſenſum Alexan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1233"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dri verba accipiemus, quod ea ſit mutatio ſecundum accidens priuatiuè, quia .ſ. </s> <s>non finiatur ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia: quòd etiamſi illa tranſmutatio gratia ſubſtantię fiat, nihilo tamen ſecius, quia præcedit <lb></lb>actio qualitatis, vt inſtrumenti, propinquius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> agens eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, actio verò fiat in tempore, <lb></lb>ante ceſſet actio, quàm materia ſecundum <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> fuerit immutata, & tunc ratio finis non ha<lb></lb>betur: id ſpectatur ſolum, quod factum eſt: eſt verò qualitas, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> neque qualitas ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, ſed affectio quę tantummodo eſt initium qualitatis, & imperfecta qualitas. </s> <s>Itaque illa eſt <lb></lb>mutatio ſecundum qualitatem, & alteratio, non generatio; aut etiam quod materia certè mute<lb></lb>tur ſecundum vtranque poteſtatem, qualis .ſ. </s> <s>& ſubſtantię: ea tamen mutatio, antequàm genera<lb></lb>tio completa ſit, ab euidentiore, non autem à pręcipuo nuncupata fuerit. </s> <s>Nam, cùm agens quod <lb></lb>facit eſſe actu id quod eſt poteſtate, qualitatibus vtatur vt inſtrumentis, ſimul afficit & immutat <lb></lb>ſecundum ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Sed, quia ſubſtantiæ tranſmutatio adhuc forma vetere permanente <lb></lb>non apparet, apparet autem mutatio ſecundum qualitatem; licet ſecundò fiat: ſic dicitur affi<lb></lb>cere, & alterare, non generare, & mutatio illa affectio, ſiue alteratio, non autem generatio nomi<lb></lb>natur. </s> <s>Iam verò quòd ex natura vltimæ poteſtatis, & efficacitatis ipſius agentis monſtrat Ariſto<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1234"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teles id quod fit temporis puncto fieri, ſi rudius accipiatur; poſsit quidem eum perturbare qui <lb></lb>nobiſcum ſentiat: verùm ſi ſedulò verba <expan abbr="perpẽdat">perpendat</expan> Ariſtotelis, nihil omnino verebitur. </s> <s>ſiquidem, <lb></lb>non de eo quod eſt fieri tractet ibi philoſophus; ſed de eo quod eſt eſſe; hoc autem in temporis <lb></lb>puncto <expan abbr="ſubitoq́">ſubitoque</expan>. </s> <s>contingit. </s> <s>eſt enim res è veſtigio: ſed hoc eſt generationis extremum, & facit <lb></lb>tunc eſſe rem ipſum efficiens, quod eſt vltimum ortus: at quicquid præceſsit antequam ad vlti<lb></lb>mam poteſtatem materia deducta foret, id omne eſt pars generationis, & tempore conficitur, par<lb></lb>tem verò dico, vt dicebat Alexander. </s> <s>tum quòd nihil obſtet, ſiquando continuatio illius interpel<lb></lb>letur; tùm etiam quia tota generatio complectitur vtroſque terminos à quo & ad quem. </s> <s>itaque <lb></lb>priuſquam terminus imponatur, tota non eſt generatio, ſed pars.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1224"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1225"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1226"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1227"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1228"></margin.target>a T. 58.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1229"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1230"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1231"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1232"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1233"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1234"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt inter id quod eſt & quod non eſt medium ſit: & dubitationes aliquę diluuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOC primo ſpatio decurſo ad ſecundam diſputationis noſtræ partem deſcendamus in qua <lb></lb>nobis oſtendendum eſt, quemadmodum inter ens & non ens, qui ſunt termini generatio <pb pagenum="166"></pb>nis, ſit medium. </s> <s>Verumenimuero ens eſt forma, non ens priuatio: quia verò generatio & inte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1235"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ritus non ſunt formæ <expan abbr="priuationiſq́">priuationiſque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe; ſed vt in compoſito inſunt, ac compoſitum verè gi<lb></lb>gnitur & interit: nos ens & non ens, inter quæ ſit'ne medium quæritur, compoſitum accipimus, <lb></lb>dum modò ex materia <expan abbr="priuationeq́">priuationeque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtat, mox ex materia & forma & inter ipſa medium eſſe <lb></lb>monſtrare conſtituimus. </s> <s>Hæc quidem, tametſi ſimpliciter, accipimus: at ſimpliciter ens & non <lb></lb>ens ambigua ſunt: quòd ſimpliciter eſſe dicitur illud, quomodocunque ſe habeat, quod eandem <lb></lb>retinet rationem <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> nominationem: quo pacto etiam nigrum aliquid nuncupatur, quouſque <lb></lb>habet in ſe aliquem gradum nigredinis, & quouſque album prorſus non eſt. </s> <s>Nam quanuis affe<lb></lb>ctum ſit, nigredinis ratio tamen vſque ad extremum conſeruatur. </s> <s>Deinde ſimpliciter idem eſt, <lb></lb>ac primò & ſummè, quod tum eſt, cum res adhuc nullum acceperit detrimentum; vt nigrum <lb></lb>ſimpliciter quod obtinuit ſummam perfectionem, nihil oppoſitum participans à quo labefacte<lb></lb>tur, quod tum demum eſt, cùm poteſtas cum præſente forma operatur, <expan abbr="vnaq́">vnaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt operatio com<lb></lb>munis formæ & materiæ ſecundum naturam, vt cùm ignis qui extra ſuum locum abſolutus eſt, <lb></lb>ſurſum fertur. </s> <s>Vbi poteſtas & forma contra operentur, id non eſt eſſe ſimpliciter, vt ſi à con<lb></lb>trario quod internam poteſtatem afficiat & immutet, deorſum moueatur & ex igni terra fiat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nanque vbi vnà poteſtas & actus ad operandum conueniant, nec quicquam de interna poteſta<lb></lb>re tangat efficiens, iam res ipſa ſimpliciter eſt, & motus ille prorſus violens & contra naturam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1236"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut dum terra ſurſum proiicitur. </s> <s>Primo ſanè modo, cùm etiam nigrum dici poſsit ad extremum <lb></lb>vſque gradum qui reuera primus eſt quo abſolutè album dicitur, & vltimus à quo non amplius <lb></lb>eſt nigrum; inter eſſe & non eſſe medium non intercedit, ita factum eſt, vt vltimum non eſſe rei <lb></lb>quæ corrumpebatur, ſit primum eſſe rei quæ genita erat; aliter eſſet aliquod tempus quo ne<lb></lb>que eſſe, neque non eſſe de quapiam re prędicari poſſet, & cùm hoc pacto ens & non ens in con<lb></lb>tradictione ſumantur, quia medio vacant, efficiunt item, vt contradictio medio vacet. </s> <s>Sed ſi ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, ideſt, abſolutè & ſummè ens & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens accipiantur, vt ſummè album & ſummè nigrum, <lb></lb>medium intercipitur, quod non eſt neque abſolutè album, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> abſolutè .i. </s> <s>ſummè nigrum: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>& affirmatione & negatione ſimul exprimi poteſt. </s> <s>Nanque & album & nigrum dici poteſt eo<lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, & neque album neque nigrum, quia ſit quidem album eò quòd retineat adhuc <expan abbr="ra-tionẽ">ra<lb></lb>tionem</expan> albedinis, non album, quia non ſit ſummè album: & album ſimul & nigrum. </s> <s>Itaque ens <lb></lb>& non ens hîc contradicentia non ſunt. </s> <s>Nanque vt dialectici dicere ſolent, conditio terminis ad<lb></lb>iuncta diſtrahit de vi contradictionis. </s> <s>Quando igitur è nigro fit album natura nigri immutatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>neque nigrum remanet ſaluum, ſed afficitur & diſſoluitur actui & formæ poteſtate & materia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1237"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>paullatim concedente: nec dum eſt album materia nondum ad vltimam deducta poteſtatem, <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr="impedimẽtis">impedimentis</expan> omnibus è medio ſublatis quibus omnibus confectis <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> res ipſa ſubitò exiſtit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà dum res ita immutatur, partim eſt in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ita conſeruatur, quouſque generatio perducta ſit ad extremum. </s> <s>Proinde etiam teſtatur aper<lb></lb>tiſsimè philoſophus inter generationis terminos eſſe mediam generationem <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod item omni <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1238"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tranſmutationi commune eſt, tam ei quæ fit ſecundum <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, quàm ei quæ fit ſecundum re<lb></lb>liqua prædicamenta, de accidentium mutatione non dubitatur. </s> <s>Sed ſpecta obſecro item ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam domus ædificatur: non eſt domus ante vltimæ tegulæ impoſitionem, quia non poteſt <lb></lb>fungi officio domus, & vtenſilia ab imbribus <expan abbr="æſtuq́">æſtuque</expan>. </s> <s>tueri, ſed oportet prius iacere fundamenta, <lb></lb>extruere parieteis; dum hæc conduntur, fit domus. </s> <s>eodem pacto producitur cor, poſteà <expan abbr="cerebrũ">cerebrum</expan>, <lb></lb>homo non eſt, ſed dum hæc fiunt, fit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> homo, nec vnquàm quicquam eſſe dici poteſt, <expan abbr="quouſq;">quouſque</expan> <lb></lb>non poſsit ex forma operari. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Primùm illud entis & non entis ſignificatum pertinet item ad mu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1239"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tationem quæ diſtinguitur à motu, quæ videlicet præfert terminum mutationis in altera notione <lb></lb>ſumptæ quæ non ſeparatur à motu, & quam tempore abſolui docuimus. </s> <s>hæc autem ſubita eſt, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1240"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eadem atque mutatum eſſe re, vt ſupra audiſti, non differens à via, quemadmodum credidit Buc<lb></lb>caferrea, mentis noſtræ opera, quia tale genus mutationum eſt per accidens, & alios motus con<lb></lb>ſequitur, vnde à via reipſa quoque ſeparatur: verum, quia vox latina rem nobis ante oculos po<lb></lb>nit nomine tranſmutationis quę eſt verbale quo ſignificatur progreſſus, cùm apud Græcos nil <lb></lb>huiuſmodi notet, & ab his omnibus mente ſeuocari queat; etenim ambiguum eſt nomen, & di<lb></lb>uerſos terminos alterum poſt alterum ſignificat, ſiue illi ſubitò, ſiue aliquo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ſibi ſuccedant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad hanc cùm generatio referatur, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mutatio; & ipſa quoque eandem tranſmutationis ana<lb></lb>logiam participauit, & ambiguè ſumpta eſt pro generationis extremo, & pro vniuerſo progreſſu, <lb></lb>atque illo quidem modo puncto temporis exiſtit, altero autem ſignificat tempus. </s> <s>In illo ergo <lb></lb>ſenſu, verum eſt id quod Latini profitentur. </s> <s>verùm de hoc bis inter nos non extabat. </s> <s>Sed illud <lb></lb>quærebatur, vtrùm generatio alterius ſignificati pertineret ad ſubſtantiam, ex quo item produ<lb></lb>ctio ſubſtantiæ tempore abſolueretur: alterationem illi eſſe dicebant in qua poneretur tempus, <lb></lb>& ad ſubſtantiam pertinere negabant. </s> <s>Itaque non niſi impropriè, & per aliud tranſmutatio ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ tempori ſubiaceret. </s> <s>Nos defendimus generationem eſſe ſubſtantiæ mutationem per ſe, <pb pagenum="167"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1241"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& tempori per ſe eſſe obnoxiam, & ex his quæ poſita ſunt exitum patere dicimus ad ea quę con<lb></lb>tra hanc ſententiam ipſi dixere. </s> <s>Nam cùm opponunt: Mutationem inter contradicentia tem<lb></lb>poris puncto fieri: Generationem verò eſſe inter <expan abbr="cõtradicentia">contradicentia</expan> mutationem: ambiguo rationem <lb></lb>laborare dicimus, & in aſſumptione latere errorem. </s> <s>Etenim mutatio & generatio primi ſigni<lb></lb>ficati fit inter contradicentia: at nos alterum accipimus quam ipſi referebant in alterationem, & <lb></lb>hanc eſſe inter contradicentia negamus. </s> <s>Quod etiam afferunt ad aſſumptionis illius approba<lb></lb>tionem, fallax item eſt, & eodem vitio laborat. </s> <s>Accipiuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe & non eſſe vt contradicentia, <lb></lb>quod ſanè verum eſt in iis quæ ſunt primi ſignificati: ſed ea quæ ſunt alterius ſignificati, negamus <lb></lb>eſſe contradicentia, & inter eſſe & non eſſe primi ſignificati mutationem ſine tempore fieri con<lb></lb>cedimus, inter ea quæ ſunt poſterioris ſignificati, veram <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> fieri dicimus, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>in tem<lb></lb>pore abſolui volumus, quia non opponuntur ſicuti contradicentia, & inter illa medium interce<lb></lb>dit, quod eſt eſſe & non eſſe abſolutè, & partim eſſe, partim non eſſe. </s> <s>Illi ex eo quòd generatio <lb></lb>ſit interens & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens ſimpliciter, quod falſum eſt, efficiunt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe ſubitam, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſt falſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quocirca aſſumptiones vtræque cum ſyllogiſmi, tùm etiam proſyllogiſmi falſa ſunt, & miror id <lb></lb>pleroſque latere ſcriptores; quandò <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> quoque fallaciam notet Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> apertiſsimè, vt ni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1242"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hil prætereà poſsit, atque in omni alteratione & generatione ſeorſum idem euenire monſtret. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1243"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Adde item Philoſophi locum à Scaligero citatum è 2. primę philoſophiæ lib. 7. quem cùm inter<lb></lb>prętatus ſit ille vir, quòd ſic pronunciauerit Ariſtoteles ita coactus ab vſu communi loquendi, & <lb></lb>quaſi quadam feſtiuitate ductus, nobis deridiculo certè fuit, cùm is in locis propriis 6. ſ. </s> <s>& 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>vbi res ad veritatis <expan abbr="accurationiſq́">accurationiſque</expan>. </s> <s>libellam perpenditur, eadem quoque profeſſus fuerit. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb>autem opponebatur ex 5. Phyſ. vel Ariſtotelis ipſius teſtimonio negantis inter generationis ter<lb></lb>minos eſſe medium: idcirco non eſſe [inter] in illa, quemadmodum in aliis motibus è medio tol<lb></lb>litur duobus modis; Vel quòd accipiantur ortus & interitus in illo ſignificato quæ eſt mutatio <lb></lb>de eſſe ad non eſſe ſimpliciter, inter quæ non intercedit medium, ſed ſunt idem re <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe rei quę <lb></lb>corrumpebatur, & eſſe rei quæ fiebat; itaque nihil aduerſus id quòd vniuerſa generatio <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>habeat, & tempore abſoluatur; <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> illa eſt inter contradicentia: cùm extrema item de quodam <lb></lb>ſubiecto ſimul negari valeant, vt dum fit homo; neque eſt abſolutè ſemen, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> abſolutè homo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque hoc modo contingit, vt [inter] ſit quoque in ſubſtantiis: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> definitur, in quod prius <lb></lb>aptum natura eſt peruenire id quod mutatur ſecundum naturam continuè mutationem patiens; <lb></lb>quod ſcilicet dicitur ſecundum materiam, non ſecundum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; & id conſtat ex dictis eſſe quo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1244"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que in generatione: ſi ibi eſt & fieri & factum eſſe; & id quod factum eſt, prius fieret oportebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter vbi conceſſum eſt [inter] ab Ariſtotele contrariis, <expan abbr="cõtradicentibus">contradicentibus</expan> verò negatum; <lb></lb>contradicentia propriè ſumpta fuiſſe videntur qui ſunt termini mutationum inter quos nihil eſt <lb></lb>omnino; contraria latius, vt etiam ſæpè 1. phyſ. </s> <s>cuius rei <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, quòd etiam inter terminos muta<lb></lb>tionis accidentium nihil eſt, vt inter album & non album. </s> <s>Proinde perſpicere licet ibi differen<lb></lb>tiam non eſſe poſitam inter generationem & alterationem, ſed inter verè contradicentia, & alia <lb></lb>oppoſita, in quibus obſeruatur aliqua mutatio per ſe. </s> <s>Vel etiam quòd non valet id. </s> <s>Non eſt <lb></lb>[inter]. Ergo neque medium, neque tempus: quandò [inter] vt aliqui accipiunt, ſignificat <lb></lb>interuentum eorum quæ ſunt eiuſdem rationis. </s> <s>At dum fit album, etiam in aliquo gradu album <lb></lb>eſt, & nominatur album: dum fit homo, poteſt quidem eſſe animal, aut planta, & dum fit domus <lb></lb>poſſunt eſſe fundamenta; non eſt <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> homo, aut domus, niſi <expan abbr="poſtquã">poſtquam</expan> generatio <expan abbr="cõpleta">completa</expan> fuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt medium ſanè eſſe poſsit in generatione: verùm quia non eſt <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> rationis, <lb></lb>ibi non ſit inter. </s> <s>Hæc nos anteà declarauimus ex 6. Phyſ. Vnde non eſt, quòd de his dubitare <lb></lb>oporteat. </s> <s>Non igitur tollit dictum Ariſtotelis medium ſimpliciter ex generatione, ſed medium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1245"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eiuſdem rationis. </s> <s>At quodcunque illud ſit, ſiue eiuſdem rationis, velut in cęteris motibus, ſiue <lb></lb>alterius, vt in ortu; dicimus ex omni medij ratione effici tempus; modo ſit ſecundum mate<lb></lb>riam, vt ſignificat illa vox [inter]. Et profectò altero ex his modis cogunt nos dicere ea quæ <lb></lb>longo ſermone poſteà decreta fuerunt 6. Phyſ. quanquam mihi magis ſatisfacit ſolutio prior. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex eiuſdem quoque principiis euertitur obiectio poſterior quę ſic concludebatur. </s> <s>Cuiuſque <lb></lb>mutationis terminum <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto exiſtere. </s> <s>Proptereà cùm generatio ſit terminus alteratio<lb></lb>nis; ergo etiam ſequebatur, vt ipſa item puncto temporis abſolueretur. </s> <s>Nam dicimus, etſi vera <lb></lb>eſt argumenti propoſitio, falſam nihilominus eſſe aſſumptionem, quam quoque multiplicem eſ<lb></lb>ſe monemus. </s> <s>Cùm generatio generatim talis eſſe ſumatur: at id ſolùm verè pronuncietur, de <lb></lb>generatione primi ſignificati, neque id forte per ſe, ſed per accidens. </s> <s>ſiquidem ſit finis generatio<lb></lb>nis illius quæ eſt mutatio ſecundùm ſubſtantiam per ſe, eius verò quæ fit ſecundum quali<lb></lb>tatem per accidens: atque huius eſt ex conſecutione quadam, &, vt ita dicam, organicè, per mo<lb></lb>dum .ſ. </s> <s>inſtrumenti, illius verò primò & præcipuè. </s> <s>Quanquam neque hoc, ſi rectè perpendatur <lb></lb>quòd ſit finis alterationis, arcet <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> à generatione, quandoquidem terminus eſſe poſsit <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> <lb></lb>vel progreſſus, vel virtutis: ac terminus quidem progreſſus extremum eſt, veluti lineę punctum, <pb pagenum="168"></pb>quo cum ventum fuerit, non exiſtit amplius motus: virtutis autem; quia per illud vt inſtrumen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1246"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum actio fiat, vt ſiquis cogitet hominem baculo pellere lapidem per interuallum vnius ſtadij, in <lb></lb>hoc motu duo ſunt ordines, alter qui pertinet ad ſpatium qui duobus terminis concluditur, car<lb></lb>cere & calce, alter eſt inter cauſſas, à prima quod eſt impellens, ad vltimam & proximam qui eſt <lb></lb>baculus. </s> <s>Igitur motio lapidis eſt continua, ea tamen efficitur proximè à baculo, & eſt terminus <lb></lb>impulſionis quæ fit à primo mouente, & planè inſtrumentum eſt vltimum mouens, & agit in vir<lb></lb>tute primi mouentis: itaque eius actio eſt terminus cęterarum actionum: non idcirco tempus <lb></lb>excludit. </s> <s>Sic ego fatebor, generationem eſſe terminum alterationis, non ſanè, ſi capiamus pro<lb></lb>greſſum, ſed virtutis; ipſi verò non aduerſatur neceſſariò tempus. </s> <s>Verùm quòd gratis accipiunt <lb></lb>generationem eſſe terminum alterationis; age & hoc obiter adnotemus. </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> locorum talem <lb></lb>eſſe ortum legerunt apud Ariſtotelem? </s> <s>vnde id colligitur? </s> <s>Planè formam eſſe finem alteratio<lb></lb>nis ex eo concludere licet, quòd oſtenſum ſit dari in ſucceſsione vltimum eſſe, quod eſt ipſa for<lb></lb>ma quæ ſupereſt qua terminatur omnis motus, hanc verò formam quid prohibet, quominus ſu<lb></lb>ſpicemur eſſe magis è prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, quàm è reliquis? </s> <s>etenim albefactio definit in <lb></lb>albedinem & latio in certum vbi. </s> <s>Quin ſi veri ſunt canones dialectici, planum, quòd cùm per <lb></lb>accidens & per modum inſtrumenti motus ſecundum qualitatem ſubſtantia finiatur, per ſe verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1247"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qualitate, intelligenda erit forma prædicamenti illius quod per ſe ſpectat motus. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per <lb></lb>accidens eſt, in methodis negligi ſolet. </s> <s>Et quanuis Ariſtoteles aliquando ſubſtantiæ generatio<lb></lb>nem nomine alterationis exprimet; attamen, aut dicendum eſt, id accepiſſe Ariſtotelem quod eſt <lb></lb>vt inſtrumentum generationis propter <expan abbr="euidẽtiam">euidentiam</expan>, aut quoniam inualuërat opinio apud veteres <lb></lb>philoſophos præter materiam nullam eſſe ſubſtantiam, appellabant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſi quicquid præter ma<lb></lb>teriam foret, & formas, ac differentias, quanuis ad ſubſtantiam pertinerent, <foreign lang="grc">παθη</foreign> .i. </s> <s>paſsiones, <lb></lb>quòd ea ſola maneret, cętera variarentur. </s> <s>Ad paſsiones autem generatio non eſt, ſed alteratio, <lb></lb>philoſophum appellaſſe viam ad ſubſtantiam, nomine alterationis antiquis gratificantem, vt in <lb></lb>ratione viſionis <expan abbr="aliiſq́">aliiſque</expan>. </s> <s>nonnullis feciſſe perſpicitur. </s> <s>Nam quòd alteratio fit generatione euiden<lb></lb>tior, manifeſtum eſt: cùm fiat mutatio qualitatis, & adhuc ſubſtantia conſerueur, & quòd ſic ſe <lb></lb>habeat via ad accidens ad viam ad ſubſtantiam, ſicut accidens ad ſubſtantiam: accidens autem <lb></lb>nobis notius eſt, quàm ſubſtantia ſimpliciter, etiam via ad accidens nobis notior ſit neceſſe eſt, <lb></lb>quàm via ad ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Demum ſic dicimus, generationem eſſe terminum alterationis, quòd <lb></lb>vbi alteratio finitur; ibi incipiat generatio, ineſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calor prius in ligno per affectionem, poſt mu<lb></lb>tat materiæ poteſtatem, & eò ſolùm pertinere hoc dictum, vt contiguam ſucceſsionem genera<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1248"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionis oſtendat, non vt indiuiduam quandam naturam ſignificet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1235"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1236"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1237"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1238"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 69.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1239"></margin.target>b 5. lib. de <lb></lb>Gen. an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1240"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1241"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1242"></margin.target>a 6. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 83.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1243"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1244"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1245"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1246"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1247"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1248"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinatur vis illius pronunciati: Mutationem quę ſit in tempore, terminari forma quæ <lb></lb>plus & minus accipiat, & Simplicij dictum perpenditur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POTERAT apud aduerſatios illud multum. </s> <s>Mutationem quæ tempore abſoluitur, ter<lb></lb>minari forma quę plus minus'ue ſuſciperet, quod ſanè cùm abhorreat à ſubſtantia, ſequitur <lb></lb>ipſam neceſſariò fieri puncto temporis. </s> <s>Opinor autem hanc rationem pluribus ſcatere vitiis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quæro enim, ecquis ſit illius propoſitionis ſenſus. </s> <s>Num'ne ita eſt accipienda, vt tali forma ter<lb></lb>minari, ſtrati locum ſibi vendicarit & antecedentis, an conſequentis & attributi? </s> <s>Si primum <lb></lb>dederint; quis non videt aſyllogiſton eſſe rationem, cùm aſſumptio in prima figura ſit negans? <lb></lb></s> <s>aſſumere <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illos huiuſmodi enunciationem oportet. </s> <s>Generationem non terminari forma quæ <lb></lb>intendatur & remittatur, quòd ſi locum attributi ipſi aſsignent. </s> <s>Mutationem tempori <expan abbr="obnoxiã">obnoxiam</expan> <lb></lb>terminari forma quę intendatur & remittatur, & ſtruant argumentum in ſecunda figura: at nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1249"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eam, veluti falſam inficiamur, & vniuerſalem eſſe negamus. </s> <s>Iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à nobis oſtenſum eſt, duo eſſe <lb></lb>initia, vnde plus & minus in mutatione ſumatur, neque ſolùm ex permixtione formarum con<lb></lb>trariarum, verùm etiam ex natura materiæ quæ gradatim à non ente procedit ad ens, & à pri<lb></lb>ma <expan abbr="remotaq́">remotaque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtate ad vltimam & proximam quæ non niſi temporis interuallo ſuccedunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque non reciprocantur hæc, vt oporteret. </s> <s>ſi argumentatio ritè concludenda eſſet. </s> <s>Tempore fie<lb></lb>ri & terminari forma quę intendatur & remittatur, quandò omne id quidem quod tali forma <lb></lb>continetur, tempore producitur, ſed etiam tempore abſoluitur, quicquid per materiæ tranſmu<lb></lb>tationem per ſe generatur, licet tali formarum genere non terminetur. </s> <s>Plus ergo patet tempore <lb></lb>fieri, quàm terminari forma in qua plus & minus inſit. </s> <s>Non me latet, Simplicium aliter de ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ diuiſione ſenſiſſe, & eam quam nos ſecundum <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> & gradus eſſe volumus, accidenti <lb></lb>ſoli tribuiſſe. </s> <s>Nam, inquit, duplicem ineſſe diuiſionem in quoque motu, alteram quidem ſecun<lb></lb>dum ſubiectum cuius meritò pars vna prius mutatur; altera poſterius; <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> alterum ſecundum <lb></lb>gradus, vbi materia paullatim de poteſtate transfertur ad actum, ſicuti <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, atque hanc qui<lb></lb>dem quę eſt ſecundum gradus, ſolam tempori ſubiici, cęterùm eam in ſolo accidente ineſſe, <pb pagenum="169"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1250"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illam verò quæ ſecundum ſubiectum exiſtit, eſſe planè ſubſtantiæ & accidenti communem, non <lb></lb>dico in omni tranſmutatione <expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan>: aliter nulla foret athroa illa mutatio, ſed pertinere poſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="partitionẽ">partitionem</expan> ſecundum ſubiectum ad omne genus mutationis, nanque & pars vicina prius inca<lb></lb>leſcit quàm remota, & prius producitur cerebrum, quàm oculus. </s> <s>ad omne igitur mutationis ge<lb></lb>nus eam <expan abbr="partitionẽ">partitionem</expan> pertinere dicit. </s> <s>verùm non neceſſariò cum tempore <expan abbr="coniunctã">coniunctam</expan> eſſe, vt opinor, <lb></lb>quia forma accidentis, cùm diuidua ſit, ſucceſsiuè quoque perducatur: forma autem ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>cùm ſit indiuidua, puncto temporis exiſtat. </s> <s>Neque illud obſtare, quominus ſubitò ſubſtantia <lb></lb>producatur; quia variæ partes diuerſis temporis punctis extiterint. </s> <s>quod, cùm ſingulæ tempo<lb></lb>ris puncto, quod indiuiduum eſt, abſoluantur; ex indiuiduis non fiat diuiduum, quod eſt tem<lb></lb>pus. </s> <s>Hæc ipſe Simplicius, non debemus committere tamen, quin etiam hunc locum taciti præ<lb></lb>tereamus, cùm propter decreta Simplicij, tùm etiam propter eorum concordiam quæ nos in hac <lb></lb>diſceptatione conſtituimus. </s> <s>Atqui tu ò Simplici, (ad te enim me prius <expan abbr="conuertã">conuertam</expan>, qui putas pri<lb></lb>mas qualitateis eſſe <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas, <expan abbr="eaſdemq́">eaſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe eſſe <expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan>) quomodo potes ponere <lb></lb>diuerſum generationis <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> in qualitate atque ſubſtantia? </s> <s>per idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principium per quod <lb></lb>tu vis ignem eſſe calidum, tu fateris item eſſe ignem. </s> <s>Sed ſit hoc contra te; rem ipſam ſimplici<lb></lb>tre exquiramus. </s> <s>Non'ne eſt etiam forma in quanto, quali, & vbi quæ ad extremum exiſtit, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1251"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt terminus ſuæ quoque mutationis? </s> <s>Non'ne itidem ibi mutata eſſe reperiuntur quæ puncto <expan abbr="tẽ-poris">ten<lb></lb>poris</expan> exiſtunt, vt in ſubſtantia, dum generatur, vt ex his quoque quod fit, <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> eſſe debeat? <lb></lb></s> <s>Dices fortè non extare diſcrimen hiſce nominibus inter generationem & reliquos motus: ſed id<lb></lb>circò quòd in quolibet mutato eſſe accidentis forma reperitur etiam, antequam mutatio <expan abbr="cõpleta">completa</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, non ſic in ſubſtantia, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> homo eſſe dicitur, niſi ad extremum. </s> <s>Verum hoc nihil eſt, quia <lb></lb>conſimiliter, dicam ego mutata eſſe quę in alteratione, puta tu, deſignantur, eſſe indiuidua, ex in<lb></lb>indiuiduis autem, non niſi indiuiduum effici. </s> <s>Prætereà doceas oportet, quemadmodum in gene<lb></lb>tione ſubſtantię ſint & generari & genitum eſſe, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>non modò naturæ inſtanti ſeparata, verùm <lb></lb>etiam extenſiuè diſiuncta. </s> <s>Voco autem naturę inſtans, vbi nulla ratio temporis habeatur, vt in <lb></lb>homine & riſus compote. </s> <s>etenim inſtans vnum eſt, quo vtraque exiſtunt: attamen homo eſt na<lb></lb>tura prior: <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo vltimum non eſſe rei quæ corrumpebatur, & primùm eſſe illius quæ <lb></lb>genita eſt, in eodem inſtanti ſunt; nihilominus primùm eſſe eſt natura poſterius, vbi adeſt exten<lb></lb>tio, termini diſiuncti <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, adeò, vt inter ipſa tempus interponatur. </s> <s>hoc igitur modo prius eſt gigni <lb></lb>quàm genitum eſſe & genitum eſſe quàm gigni, non natura ſola diſtincta, ſed extentionis inter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1252"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uentu, cui comitatur neceſſariò tempus. </s> <s>Proptereà dictum Simplicij ex ea parte approbamus <lb></lb>qua facta eſſe temporis puncto fieri aſſeuerat: etſi in vnum omnia cogantur, cùm indiuidua ſint, <lb></lb>neque diuiduum quid efficere, neque tempori ſubiacere, Sed tempus, ſi non in iis quæ facta vo<lb></lb>camus, poni placet: at ab ipſa factione ſegregandum non eſſe defendimus; <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> aſſerimus in par<lb></lb>tium quoque productione ante vltimum illud in quo ponimus <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, eſſe profectum <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb>potentiam <expan abbr="partibilitatemq́">partibilitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>materiæ, quæ tempus neceſſariò conſequitur. </s> <s>Neque ſecus in earum <lb></lb>generatione contingere, quà in generatione totius, niſi quòd vbi genitum fuerit totum, omnis <lb></lb>materiæ progreſſus abſolutus eſt; partibus productis, niſi extrema fuerit, adhuc materia promo<lb></lb>ueri cupit vlterius. </s> <s>Itaque etiam ſi ſigillatim pars quæque ſpectetur, eius ſanè <expan abbr="cõplementum">complementum</expan> eſt <lb></lb>ſubitum, ſed generatio tempori ſubiicitur, & omnis antecedens mutatio materiam tentat ſolam, <lb></lb>& forma terminatur ad extremum. </s> <s>Quamobrem optimè Auerroës, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> inquit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ceſſare partes <lb></lb>ſpermatis fieri partes hominis, ſi verba illius ſine vlla cauillatione accipiantur. </s> <s>Nanque docet in <lb></lb>ea generatione ſubiecti partitionem intercedere, & ſingularum partium propriam eſſe generatio<lb></lb>nem, non ſanè ſubitam, ſed, in qua ſit fluxus cum extentione, & idcircò tempus. </s> <s>Porrò partes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1253"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm ſint multis modis, & eſſentiæ quæ definitione exponuntur, & ſubiecti, atque illæ quidem, <lb></lb>vel eiuſdem rationis omnes, vt in ſimplicibus; vel rationis diuerſę, vt in difformibus, & organicis, <lb></lb>non videtur omnium eſſe idem faciendum iudicium, quòd in iis quæ ſunt eiuſdem rationis caſus <lb></lb>ordinem ponit: prout <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> agenti viciniores ſunt, aut quoquomodo magis eius virtute <expan abbr="participãt">participant</expan>, <lb></lb>prius immutantur. </s> <s>in iis verò, quę diuerſas <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> rationes, illa quæ poſtremò producitur reliquas <lb></lb>perfectione ſuperat, niſi ab ipſis originem ducat. </s> <s>Ecce caput & oculos hęc omnium vltimò per<lb></lb>ficiuntur, & perfectiſsima ſunt, tamen, ſi cum corde conferantur, & ſi poſt ipſum gignuntur, non <lb></lb>ſunt perfectiora, quia cor eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἡγεμονικὸν</foreign>, & obtinet principatum, & ab ipſo cętera deriuantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>In iis quæ per definitionem exponuntur ordo duplex obſeruatur: alter in mente, atque naturæ <lb></lb>alter. </s> <s>Et in mente quidem illa vltimum locum iure obſidet, quæcunque orationem, quid eſt <expan abbr="ex-plicantẽ">ex<lb></lb>plicantem</expan>, cùm definito <expan abbr="reciprocã">reciprocam</expan> facit: in natura cui cęterę ſeruiunt, & quaſi famulantur, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> in homine ratio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> cùm cęteræ vel ſint quidam apparatus, vel vt <expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan> ſine <lb></lb><expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> eius <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> ſit <expan abbr="intermortuũ">intermortuum</expan>, & <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> vltimò aduenire probabile eſt. </s> <s>Ergo vt ad pauca <expan abbr="redeã">redeam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec diuiduntur formę per ſe, nec <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> in ortu <expan abbr="tribuendũ">tribuendum</expan> eſt formę, nec ab ipſa generatione <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="arcẽdũ">arcendum</expan>, ſed hęc omnia materiæ, poteſtati, & <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> proceſſui in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> planè <expan abbr="adſcribẽda">adſcribenda</expan>.</s></p> <pb pagenum="170"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1249"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1250"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1251"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1252"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1253"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum mutatio ſe habeat ad motum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1254"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1254"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò quoniam ea eſt communis ſententia Peripateticorum omnium, generationem eſſe <lb></lb>propriè mutationem, motum verò communiter. </s> <s>His autem aliqua opponi ſolent; operę<lb></lb>precium futurum puto, & ad percipiendam vim motus, quod hoc tempore indagamus, mirificè <lb></lb>collaturum, ſi hîc ſeparatim doceamus, quid interſit, quidúe conueniat motui cum mutatione, <lb></lb>quanuis generatio numeretur in mutationibus propriè, communiter autem in motibus ſpecule<lb></lb>mur ſit'ne etiam generatio motus propriè, vt quibuſdam placuiſſe video: ita vt cum propriè tùm <lb></lb>communiter habenda ſit motus. </s> <s>Nanque in primis illud in dubium reuocari potuit, Vtrùm in <lb></lb>natura ſit aliqua mutatio propriè dicta quæ, ſcilicet, à motu ſeparetur; an'ne ſemper omnis mu<lb></lb>tatio cum motu coniuncta ſit, atque illa quidem per ſe; nam generatio ſimpliciter eiuſmodi eſſe <lb></lb>videtur, & prima mutatio elementi, cùm ex otio tranſit in negocium, poſtquam fuerit genitum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuerò quantum pertinet ad elementi mutationem, quia poſteà multa, atque illa qui<lb></lb>dem magna de ipſa ſunt ineunda certamina; placet interim hac quæſtione dimiſſa mutationem <lb></lb>rurſus diſtribui, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>variè de ipſa iudicandum. </s> <s>Nanque hæc eſt terminus motus, velut illu<lb></lb>minatio terminus lationis, quæ tametſi ſequitur motum, tamen non fit paullatim, ſed in quolibet <arrow.to.target n="marg1255"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>puncto temporis eſt tota ſimul, non habens parteis quę pro ratione perfectioris & imperfectioris <lb></lb>ſecum diſcrepent, ita etiam generatio quam dicere conſuerunt eſſe <expan abbr="terminū">terminum</expan> alterationis. </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>tunc eſt, & inuariabiliter vſque ad interitum homo conſeruatur. </s> <s>Eſt etiam mutatio quæ quen<lb></lb>dam habet materiæ progreſſum ab imperfecto ad perfectum, & hæc iterum diſtribuitur; nanque <lb></lb>aliqua ſequitur planè motum: quia, tametſi fieri ſolet inter terminos priuatiuè oppoſitos: at quo<lb></lb>niam priuatio talium formarum contrario fundatur, inter contraria verò intercipitur motus: id<lb></lb>circò ſemper eſt cum motu coniuncta: veluti, cùm ex nigro fit <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>, fit ſimul ex non albo: quate<lb></lb>nus ex nigro motus eſt, quatenus ex non albo mutatio. </s> <s>Sed quia etiam dum fit motus ex nigro, <lb></lb>fit item ex non albo; cum motu quoque fit mutatio quæ cum motu ipſo extenditur, & diuiditur, <lb></lb>aut in ſe retinet notionem motus qui eſt proceſſus ab imperfecto ad perfectum, talem nos antè <lb></lb>docuimus eſſe generationem. </s> <s>Itaque ſi abſolutè accipiamus motui adnexam eſſe, id neceſſariò <lb></lb>verum eſt: ſed quoniam ratio motus completur ex illo partibili proceſſu imperfecti ad <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>; <lb></lb>ex hoc efficitur, vt mutatio quæ caret tali proceſſu, ſit merè per accidens, & excludatur ea defini<lb></lb>tione quę traditur 3. Phyſ. & à nob. </s> <s>anteà conſtituta quę verò talem proceſſum habet, ſit mutatio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1256"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per ſe, & ſub noſtra definitione <expan abbr="cõprehendatur">comprehendatur</expan>, nec re vera diſtinguatur à motu, niſi ratione dun<lb></lb>taxat quam paullò ante indicauimus, quòd motus habeat terminos poſitiuos, mutatio verò pri<lb></lb>uationem contineat. </s> <s>Quocirca ſic res concludetur. </s> <s>Mutationem eſſe propriè, vel communiter, <lb></lb>atque item motum. </s> <s>Ac mutationem communiter, quia complectitur eam, quæ eſt per accidens; <lb></lb>nec eſt actus eius, quod eſt potentia, latius patere quàm motum communiter. </s> <s>Mutationem per <lb></lb>ſe, quæ eſt proceſſus ab imperfecto ad perfectum, eſſe motum <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> acceptum .i. </s> <s>ſimpliciter <lb></lb>acceptum, quia conueniat ipſi prima notio <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>motus quam docet Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſſe progreſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1257"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſum ab imperfecto ad perfectum, quapropter neque illis mutationibus nomen <foreign lang="grc">κινήσεως</foreign> accom<lb></lb>modatur, nedum ipſius notio, aut ratio. </s> <s>Si motum propriè ſumas, hic à mutatione diſtinguitur, <lb></lb>quòd motus habet terminos qui affirmatione exprimuntur: mutario verò terminum alterum <lb></lb>qui negatione indicatur; affirmatione autem dico, quòd ibi negationis nota [non] actu non adhi<lb></lb>betur, vt ſi nudum ſumpſeris. </s> <s>Quamobrem, cum ea mutatio quæ per ſe dicitur, contineat pro<lb></lb>greſſum ab imperfecto ad perfectum, & hæc item propriè fluxus erit, neque tempus excludet, & <lb></lb>talem nos ortum eſſe difendimus. </s> <s>Nam tranſitus primus elementi geniti ex otio ad negocium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1258"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in mutationibus per accidens poſteà reponetur. </s> <s>Attamen hîc eſt, quòd Iuniorum philoſophiam <lb></lb>beneuolè tamen exploremus, tùm aſsignare conantium cauſſam, propterquam generatio <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ſit motus; tùm etiam, cur generatio fiat inter contradicentia. </s> <s>Dicunt verò generationem con<lb></lb>ferri cum duobus cum materia .ſ. </s> <s>& cum compoſito. </s> <s>quòd ſi cum compoſito comparetur; eum <lb></lb>certè non eſſe motum: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fertur compoſitum moueri, ſed fieri. </s> <s>Idem quoque conueniet cor<lb></lb>ruptioni, ſiquidem corrumpi, non moueri dicatur compoſitum. </s> <s>At, ſi cum materia conferatur <lb></lb>vtraque mutatio, eas eſſe propriè motus: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> motus eſt actus imperfectus è poteſtate <lb></lb>ad actum perfectum. </s> <s>Atqui materia progreditur è poteſtate ad talem actum, & in illa igitur eſt <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>Sed enim hęc ſententia requirere videtur nouum diſcrimen inter motum & <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>: <lb></lb>nimirùm quòd motus ſit progreſſus ab imperfecto ad perfectum, mutatio verò minimè, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> ita <lb></lb>non erit communis etiam mutationi definitio motus: pręterquàm quòd oſtendimus antè non eſ<lb></lb>ſe parem rationem mutationis per ſe & mutationis per accidens. </s> <s>Dicunt etiam ipſi meritò ma<lb></lb>teriæ rationem motus in generatione contineri, quia ſit in ea progreſſus ab imperfecto ad perfe<lb></lb>ctum. </s> <s>ſed quia non ita procedit compoſitum in eo eſſe mutationem. </s> <s>Sed dum non ceſſant par <pb pagenum="171"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1259"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes ſpermatis fieri partes hominis, non'ne ſunt compoſita? </s> <s>non'ne perficiuntur ex ea mutatione? <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus tribuunt <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> materiæ, quaſi verò materia moueatur. </s> <s>At rationem reddit Ariſtoteles, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cur materia ſit expers motus: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non eſt, inquit, non moueri, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe intelligens actu. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1260"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia quę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt actu, non mouebitur. </s> <s>Num fortè dicent <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſpectare <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, non quòd <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <lb></lb>denominet, ſed quòd inhæreat; multò magis ipſi mutatio <expan abbr="tribuẽda">tribuenda</expan> erit, quò materia prius inhęret <lb></lb>generatio quæ eſt mutatio, quàm cęteri qui ſunt verè motus: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia poteſtate prius <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan>, quàm <expan abbr="quãtũ">quantum</expan>, aut quale. </s> <s>Et quanuis ij qui <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan> tueri <expan abbr="volũt">volunt</expan>, trahere <expan abbr="conẽtur">conentur</expan> Ariſto<lb></lb>telis verba ad <expan abbr="ſignificandũ">ſignificandum</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, quod ſanè non eſt: etenim homo non eſt qui dicitur fieri: at <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> generationis quod tum quæritur ab Ariſtotele, <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſed illud eſt quod fit, i. <lb></lb></s> <s>erit poſteà per materiæ tranſmutationem. </s> <s>Præterquàmquòd materia eſt compoſitum poten<lb></lb>tia; quare potentia homo <expan abbr="hominiſq́">hominiſque</expan>. </s> <s>materia non differunt. </s> <s>Ex quo ipſa eſt, quę verè mutatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo eadem attributa vtique conuenient. </s> <s>Quod ſi dixerint ſemen ex quo fit planta, ſubiectum <lb></lb>eſſe generationis, cùm ſit actu; quid prohibebit, quominus de illo prædicari poſsit, moueri? </s> <s>quod <lb></lb>enim cùm ſit actu, mutatur, quatenus actu eſt, propriè moueri dicitur, vel ipſo Ariſtotele teſte. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed neque id quod eſt actu, ſubiectum poteſt eſſe generationis, cùm ex eo quod eſt actu, per acci<lb></lb>dens fiat id quod fit. </s> <s>Accedamus nunc ad alterum caput. </s> <s>Illud profectò negari non poteſt, quin <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1261"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inter contradicentia ſit generatio, cùm cęteroquin alij motus ſint inter contraria. </s> <s>Cauſſam er<lb></lb>go talis differentię reddituri, ſic aiunt. </s> <s>Quoniam hoc intereſt accidentis formæ cum forma ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ, quia repugnantiam illa habeat, verùmetiam illam quidem certam, vt album cum atro & <lb></lb>mediis. </s> <s>Si autem quæras quid ſit certa iſta repugnantia, reſpondent eam eſſe ſine cuius aliquo <lb></lb>termino non reperitur ſubiectum, coloris <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubiectum ſemper eſt cum aliqua ſpecie coloris, con<lb></lb>trà verò forma ſubſtantiæ vacat oppoſito, ac ſi quo pacto illud obtinet (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abhorret omni<lb></lb>no ſubſtantia ab attributo communi repugnantiæ propter oppoſitionem qua inter formam in<lb></lb>tercedit & priuationem) ea incerta eſt, & latè peruagatur, atque extra certum genus diffunditur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nanque eadem materia non modo capit elementorum formas, sed etiam mixtorum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan>, & è <lb></lb>mixto fit elementum quodlibet, fit etiam mixtum, vt quaſi cum Anaxagora cogi videamur aſſe<lb></lb>uerare quodlibet ex quocunque fieri: <expan abbr="dũmodo">dummodo</expan> id proximè non fiat. </s> <s>neque enim ex ſeſe mutuò <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ gignuntur, vt etſi acetum ex vino, non tamen viciſsim ex aceto vinum producatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nos quantum eſt de oppoſitione formarum ſubſtantiæ mox agemus. </s> <s>Sed quod attinet ad <expan abbr="infi-nitatẽ">infi<lb></lb>nitatem</expan> illam quam in ſubſtantiis ponunt, certè nil abſurdius in vniuerſa philoſophia Peripatetica. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1262"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quam ſæpe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> clamauit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non quodlibet ex quoque fieri, ſed definitum ex definito, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1263"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nec acetum ex aqua, ſed ex vino fieri, & cadauer ex animali, atque id tam ſimplicibus quàm <expan abbr="cõ-poſitis">con<lb></lb>poſitis</expan> eſſe commune? </s> <s>Quòd ſi quando ex oppoſitis fieri non videantur, præſertim in genera<lb></lb>tione ſubſtantiæ, id ex eo proficiſci, quòd latent nomina quibus oppoſitæ formæ exprimuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quanquam generationis formulæ non vniuſmodi ſunt, non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eodem modo fit aqua ex aëre, & <lb></lb>aër ex aqua <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> verùm aliqua fiunt per compoſitionem veluti domus, & omnia mixta ex elemen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1264"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis, alia per reſolutionem, vt contrà lateres ex domo, & elementa ex mixtis, nonnulla per ſubtra<lb></lb>ctionem, velut ex marmore ſtatuæ, & cùm ex putri materia natura producit, dulcia ſegregans ab <lb></lb>amaris, illa quidem recipiens, hæc verò reſpuens, aut per figuræ permutationem, veluti ex ære fi<lb></lb>gura Mercurij, & vbi ex vniformibus partes difformes & organicę conformentur. </s> <s>Nam ſic etiam <lb></lb>generantur. </s> <s>etenim partes ſubſtantiæ, quomodocunque ſubſtantia capiatur, non poſſunt eſſe, <lb></lb>niſi ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>quædam adiectione materiæ, vt, cùm ex luto ſignum fingitur, & in vtero primùm <lb></lb>viuens conſtituitur, prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quàm actu viuat, hoc eſt, muneribus animi fungatur, ad <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> quan<lb></lb>dam magnitudinem ab externo mouente deducatur oportet, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> alia per materiæ <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1265"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1266"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quemadmodum chalybs ex ferro, & ignis ex oleo. </s> <s>Omninò verò ſemper aduerſatur compoſito <lb></lb>incompoſitum; inepto aptum, & inconſonanti conſonans, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſic inter ſe mutantur, vt conſo<lb></lb>nans ex inconſonanti, nec ex alio quoque fieri poſſet: neque ex inconſonanti ſimpliciter, ſed, ſi <lb></lb>vox conſona fiat, ex altera voce abſona fiat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Sic inter ſubſtantiæ formas non modò <lb></lb>certa ſeruatur oppoſitio; verùmetiam certum ſubiectum, proptereà certis affectionibus vtitur <lb></lb>natura qua certam afferat formam, certæ verò affectiones certa priuatione, certa priuatio certa <lb></lb>forma fundatur quam nos perhibemus eſſe contrariam, tametſi quælibet oppoſitio <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> certum <lb></lb>genus habet & ſuum ſubiectum, ad quod per ſe categoriæ cauſſa referatur. </s> <s>Quoniam ergo non <lb></lb>ſolùm materia requiritur quæ præcedat in ortu ſubſtantiæ, ſed prætereà varij ſunt modi genera<lb></lb>tionis & per compoſitionem & per reſolutionem; inde eſt vt inter formas ſubſtantiæ certus non <lb></lb>videatur eſſe regreſſus. </s> <s>Veruntamen obſeruanti diligenter in ortu ſingularum certa oppoſitio <lb></lb>perſpicietur. </s> <s>Cùm enim acetum è vino fiat per putredinem & reſolutionem, facta reſolutione <lb></lb>rurſus ex aceto vinum fieri non poterit: ſed opus erit, vt intercedant tot mutationes, quouſque <lb></lb>ſit aliud mixtum in quo elementa tot ad numerum & ita affecta ſint, vnde vinum exoriatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attamen acetum vino opponitur, vt incompoſitum compoſito, & cadauer animali. </s> <s>animal con <pb pagenum="172"></pb>trà cadaueri, & vinum aceto, vt compoſita. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt falſum penitus exiſtimare debeamus inter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1267"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ formas oppoſitionem certam non exiſtere, cuicuimodi illa ſit. </s> <s>Non igitur illa eſt ve<lb></lb>ra cauſſa, cur generatio ſit inter contradicentia, quia ſubſtantia certa careat oppoſitione. </s> <s>Si igi<lb></lb>tur quòd ſit inter contradicentia ſeparat mutationem à motu: planum quòd non ex illo muta<lb></lb>tio à motu diſtinguenda erit, quod <expan abbr="incertã">incertam</expan>, <expan abbr="lateq́">lateque</expan>. </s> <s>patentem oppoſitionem includat. </s> <s>Simplicius <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> attulit item alias differentias inter motum & mutationem quæ neſcio ſatis'ne conſentiant cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1268"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dogmatis Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, inquit, dum è ſemine fit homo, ſemen non remanet: <lb></lb>dum verò ex nigro fit album, remanet album, homo .ſ. </s> <s>qui actu exiſtit. </s> <s>Deinde verò quia nulla <lb></lb>eſt mutatio quæ non contineat aliquid actuoſi atque patibilis. <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργητικὸν</foreign> ipſe vocat & <foreign lang="grc">παθη<lb></lb>τικὸν</foreign>. </s> <s>Sed cùm in efficacitate & perpeſsione ſint plus & minus; vbi plus ſit perpeſsionis quàm <lb></lb>efficacitatis, id nomine tranſmutationis appellari, vbi verò contrà plus efficacitatis, illi nomen <lb></lb>fuiſſe motum. </s> <s>Itaque latio motus, generatio verò tranſmutatio dicta eſt, quòd plus patitur in <lb></lb>generatione materia quàm corpus, dum ſecundùm locum mouetur. </s> <s>Etenim generatio <expan abbr="nũquam">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb>ſine ſubſtantiæ cuiuſdam pernicie miniſtratur, ſæpiſsimè motus. </s> <s>Tertiò, quòd in iis qui verè mo<lb></lb>tus appellantur; hi verò ſunt latio, alteratio, & incrementum, eſt aliquod ſemper quod factum <lb></lb>eſt, & mutatum eſſe dicitur: at in mutatione, huiuſmodi verò eſt generatio, nil tale reperitur; in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1269"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hac <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod mutatur, poſteà factum non eſt. </s> <s>quippe quòd mutetur ſemen, non tamen id quod <lb></lb>factum eſt, ſit poſteà ſemen. </s> <s>Nam vt iam aliquid de prima differentia dicam, accidentis <expan abbr="ſubſtan-tiæq́">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæque</expan>. </s> <s>mutationis ratio non videtur eſſe diſsimilis: quippe quòd ex non albo in album ſit muta<lb></lb>tio, ex nigro in album motus, & tamen quemadmodum remanet nigrum, ſic remanet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> album <lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>remanet ſubiectum nigri & non albi quod eſt actu. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> homo eſt qui è nigro & non <lb></lb>albo factus eſt albus. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de ſecunda, actuoſum illud quod motui tribuitur, am<lb></lb>biguum eſſe videtur; idcirco etiam ad tantum philoſophum defendendum ſingula eius vocis ſi<lb></lb>gnificata recenſenda ſunt, vt id quod ad rem facere videatur, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> ſatis ab ipſo expreſſum fuerit, <lb></lb>ſeligamus. </s> <s>Nam dici ſolet actuoſum, id à quo permanat aliqua forma ad aliud; prætereà quòd <lb></lb>eſt de pręſentia formę <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> partes, ſeu gradus in eo quod eſt poteſtate, quatenus huiuſmodi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm neutro modo ſumptum actuoſum conſtituit differentiam inter motum & mutationem; <lb></lb>proptereaquòd actuoſum primi ſignificati, non innititur mobili, ſed motore, in eo manens indi<lb></lb>uiduè, & proinde extraneum eſt, ſi ad motum referas. </s> <s>Quin etiam quòd mutatio ſit cum per<lb></lb>peſsione, non eſt id ita eius proprium, quin ſibi ſit cum motu commune. </s> <s>Neque etiam id per<lb></lb>petuò verum in omni mutatione, quandoquidem ſi fuerit interna functio, hæc certè mutatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1270"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt perpeſsio, ſed perfectio, vt videre, neque mutatio ſimpliciter .i. </s> <s>ſolus progreſſus, & ab omni <lb></lb>actu ſeiunctus: cùm ſimul viſio fiat & viſum ſit. </s> <s>immo tantum abeſt, vt in tali mutatione conti<lb></lb>neatur ratio perpeſsionis, vt actionis nomine vocetur. </s> <s>dicitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign>, & omnis denique mu<lb></lb>tatio, quæ eſt de poteſtate ſecunda ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm ſine vllo perpeſsionis genere fieri videtur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quocirca non ex perpeſsione mutatio conſtituitur. </s> <s>Verùm quia de hoc genere mutationis in <lb></lb>præſentia nihil agimus, cùm ſit per accidens, vt poſteà dicetur, tranſeamus ad alterum ſignifica<lb></lb>tum <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεζγείας</foreign> quod eſt aliquid actus eſſe præſens in materia, dum fit motus. </s> <s>Certè ſi talem <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέρ<lb></lb>γειαν</foreign> ipſe repellat ab ortu, mihi videtur aduerſus Ariſtoteli <expan abbr="aſſumẽti">aſſumenti</expan> in motu generatim ſub quo <lb></lb>item generatio continetur, ineſſe rationem actus, & in hoc planè ſignificato acceptum videtur <lb></lb>actuoſum in definitione motus, cùm dicitur eſſe actus eius quod eſt poteſtate, quatenus huiuſmo<lb></lb>di: quinimmo aſſerit Ariſtoteles, generationem eſſe actum generabilis, & fortè plus quàm motus <lb></lb>ſit actus mobilis, vt alterabilis alteratio, quanto potior eſt actus ſubſtantiæ quàm accidentis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd, ſi preſsius acceperit Simplicius, quia .ſ. </s> <s>in motu ſemper aliquid factum ſit, in mutatione, <lb></lb>ea verò eſt generatio, nequaquam: profectò, vel immemor, vel negligens fuerit, quippe qui, aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1271"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non meminerit etiam ab Ariſtotele litterarum monumentis fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõmendatum">commendatum</expan>, in ortu quoque <lb></lb>aliquod <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> ſemper extare, vt in ædificio fundamenta, & in animalis productione cor, aut epar, <lb></lb>aut, ſi id minus placebat, hoc in interpretatione illius loci monere debuerat, & docere, quemad<lb></lb>modum factum in generatione ſubſiſteret quod ab actu & alterato in alteratione & auctione di<lb></lb>ſcreparet. </s> <s>Si factum id accipit quod à motus fine denominatur, vt ſemen & hominem, nam ſe<lb></lb>men fit planta, & homo fit albus, & illud factum non remanet, ſed interit: homo remanet factus <lb></lb>albus, & ibi ſolùm reſtat materia quæ poteſtas eſt: hîc etiam ſupereſt actu homo, audiuimus nu<lb></lb>per etiam in mutatione remanere actu ſubiectum. </s> <s>Quare non erit id mutationis generatim, <lb></lb>ſed ortus ipſius ſpeciat impeculiare & proprium. </s> <s>Itaque non erit hoc reddere rationem, cur ge<lb></lb>neratio vocetur mutatio, quod eſt nomen commune multis aliis mutationibus, ſed differentiam <lb></lb>propriam generationis ipſius afferre. </s> <s>Quapropter negari non poteſt, quin energia <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> <lb></lb>ad motum <expan abbr="mutationemq́">mutationemque</expan>. </s> <s>pertineat. </s> <s>Forte eam differentiam voluit notari Simplicius quam item <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> animaduerſam fuiſſe ſcimus, quia mutatio ſit cum aliqua labe & detrimento ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1272"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantiæ, motus verò nihil deterat de ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Atque ita quidem profitetur vera Simplicius, <pb pagenum="173"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1273"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed quę in hac methodo adhuc ignota ſint, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> fortaſſe ex motus, mutationisúe ratione ducta, <lb></lb>neque nomine ipſo manifeſta, & aliunde petita, ac penitus aliena ab vtriuſque notione, qualia <lb></lb>requiruntur, dum in explicanda motus definitione verſamur. </s> <s>Cur enim motui non accidat, ſi <lb></lb>eius intimam rationem perſpicias, vt ſit in eo corpore, quod eſt perpetuum? </s> <s>Proinde notio il<lb></lb>la mutationis quæ contradicentia comprehendit, valde arridet & in ortu maximam vim habet, <lb></lb>quippe qui ſit mutatio inter contradicentia ens & non ens, nec obſeruetur inter formas contra<lb></lb>rias, quia requirat ſubiectum quod eſt poteſtate & non ens, & cùm ſit productio ſubſtantiæ cui <lb></lb>nil præcedere monſtret prima noſtræ mentis informatio ab alio genere, & prędicamento <expan abbr="naſcẽs">naſcens</expan>, <lb></lb>iure optimo, vt inter contradicentia mutatio ponatur. </s> <s>Quod verò dicitur in generatione ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ nil eſſe factum, ſi id intelligatur, quia non ſuperſit id quod fiebat, cum actu eſſet: verùm <lb></lb>ſanè eſt, ſed generationis proprium, vt diximus, non mutationis. </s> <s>Si factum vt gradus, ſeu pars, <lb></lb>id negare ſimpliciter errorem puto, præſertim, ſi in tempore & ſucceſsiuè generatio fiat, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>euenire nos docet Ariſtoteles in generatione & aliis motibus. </s> <s>Sed ita licebit eam tueri ſenten<lb></lb>tiam, quòd in aliis motibus facta eſſe formæ tribuuntur, in generatione verò materiæ, & ea quæ <lb></lb>facta ſunt, non fruuntur eius appellatione, quo tendit natura, ſed aliud nomen obtinent (neque <lb></lb>enim corde producto protinus homo eſt) contrà verò in accidentibus; itaque mouent philoſo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1274"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>phos ad negandum in generatione aliquid eſſe quod genitum ſit. </s> <s>Illud autem prorſus habeo <lb></lb>falſum quod profeſſus eſt Calaber qui contraria ponens in ſubſtantia, plus & minus, etiam mo<lb></lb>tum ſubſtantiæ tribuerit. </s> <s>Nanque oppoſitio neque inter ſubſtantias compoſitas intercedit, ne<lb></lb>que ita inter formas, vt intendantur & remittantur, quia maneant in indiuiduo: eas verò intendi <lb></lb>& remitti oportebat, ſi motus erat in ſubſtantia futurus. </s> <s>Nam ſic fieri potuiſſet, vt aliquid actu <lb></lb>præcederet eius quod fieret, vt in accidente.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1255"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1256"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1257"></margin.target>a 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1258"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1259"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1260"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1261"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1262"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1263"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1264"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 63.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1265"></margin.target>d lib. d mo<lb></lb>tu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1266"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1267"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1268"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1269"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1270"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1271"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1272"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1273"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1274"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De oppoſitione formarum quæ eſſentiam complent, quæ cęteri ſenſerint. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ACCEDO nunc ad illud caput quo nobis de oppoſitione formarum ſubſtantiæ diſputan<lb></lb>dum eſt. </s> <s>Sed quoniam ſubſtantia ſimplex eſt, vel compoſita, nequid deſideretur in hac <lb></lb>noſtra diſceptatione de ſubſtantia, generatim quæſtio proponetur à nobis. </s> <s>Præſefert verò mi<lb></lb>randum aliquid in ſubſtantia ponere contrariorum repugnantium. </s> <s>Primùm quoniam falſa il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1275"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>la omnia forent quæ profeſſus eſt Ariſtoteles Prędic. </s> <s>negans ſubſtantiæ quicquam eſſe <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde illud acrius, ſi in ſubſtantia forent contraria, ex eo futurum, vt motus ſit in ſubſtantia, <lb></lb>non autem mutatio. </s> <s>Coniunctum verò approbant Ariſtotelis ſententiæ concludentis in ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia non eſſe motum, quòd in ea nulla ſit oppoſitio, ex quo licet nobis ita concludere. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſa cum effectu remeat, & reciprocatur, aut non. </s> <s>Non eſt autem veriſimile Ariſtotelem vbi <lb></lb>cauſſam cuiuſpiam rei, non quidem per tranſennam, ſed ex propoſito monſtret, non <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan>, ne<lb></lb>que primam afferre: tunc enim ſcientia non eſſet, neque demonſtratio ex cauſſa, ſed rem tantum <lb></lb>conuenire doceret. </s> <s>Si igitur propria & prima cauſſa, commeat ergo cum effectu. </s> <s>In his autem <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="cõmeant">commeant</expan>, ſi negatio cauſſa negationis eſt, affirmatio item cauſſa erit affirmationis, & <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> <lb></lb>modo progredi licebit, cùm ab effectu ad cauſſam, tùm contrà à cauſſa ad effectum & aiendo & <lb></lb>inficiendo. </s> <s>Sic ſi vbi oppoſitio non eſt, nec ibi eſt motus: ac contra: cùm ibi ſit oppoſitio, erit <lb></lb>neceſſariò motus. </s> <s>Vrget & id quoque. </s> <s>vbi ſunt contraria, ibi intentio & remiſsio, nam plus & <lb></lb>minus, vel Ariſtotelis teſtimonio, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſunt ex mixtura contrariorum. </s> <s>Si ergo in ſubſtantia foret <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1276"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>repugnantia, vtique etiam eſſet in ea plus & minus. </s> <s>ab hac verò conditione immunem eſſe ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1277"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantiam docuit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Hæc obiiciunt aduerſarij contra ponentes in eo prædicamento re<lb></lb>pugnantiam. </s> <s>At ex altera parte nos hæc mouebant. </s> <s>Primùm quod Flaminius Nobilius exi<lb></lb>mius philoſophus olim collega meus, ac perpetuò amiciſsimus non ſine cauſſa magnifecit. </s> <s>Is au<lb></lb>tem omnium primus è noſtris in hanc ſententiam ſcripſit. </s> <s>Inſtrumenta ſemper dirigi à formis <lb></lb>quarum ſunt inſtrumenta; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>pro portione eiſdem potiri premiis & muneribus quibus for<lb></lb>mę primò potiuntur. </s> <s>Cùm ergo formarum inſtrumenta contraria ſint, ſequitur etiam, vt oppo<lb></lb>ſitio inſit in formis. </s> <s>eſſe verò inſtrumenta formarum calorem & frigus quę ſunt contraria, liquet <lb></lb>ex iis quæ diſputat Ariſtoteles aduerſus Democritum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Munire etiam licet auctoritatem il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1278"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lius effati. </s> <s>nimirùm quòd ordine quodam oppoſitio primò ſit in ſubſtantia, deinde in conſequen<lb></lb>tibus ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Nam primò Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> poſtquam concluſiſſet Ariſtoteles numerum principio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1279"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum ex eorundem oppoſitione, <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>ternarium ſtatuiſſet: quoniam in vno quoque genere pri<lb></lb>ma quædam eſt oppoſitio: genera verò ſint decem, non modò tria, ſed multò plura ipſa fore con<lb></lb>ſequens eſſet: ob id inquit Ariſtoteles ſufficere tria tantùm principia quæ ordine quodammo<lb></lb>dò ſunt principia ſubſtantiæ, aliàs reliquorum prędicamentorum: eadem enim eſt materia quæ <lb></lb>primùm eſt poteſtate ſubſtantia, deinde <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, tertiò quale, & quæ ſequuntur deinceps. </s> <s>ſic for <pb pagenum="174"></pb>ma eſt in primis principium ſubſtantiæ, deinde conſequuntur eam quantum, quale & reliqua. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1280"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ita quoque contraria primò inſunt in ſubſtantia, deinde in quanto, & quali. </s> <s>Nouimus item con<lb></lb>traria in ſubſtantiis ab Alexandro <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diſtingui ſic, vt quædam formalia dicerentur, quia ſint diffe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1281"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rentiæ formæ ſolius, inter quæ non interuenit mutatio, cuiuſmodi ſunt rationis <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan> & expers. <lb></lb></s> <s>alia verò actuoſa, atque horum quidem veriſimile eſt inſtrumenta eſſe qualitates, & cętera con<lb></lb>traria quibus actio vt inſtrumentis attribui ſolet. </s> <s>Quapropter argumentum illud primum, me <lb></lb>maximè mouit. </s> <s>Quoniam verò oppoſitio exiſtimatur accipi communiter pro omni oppoſitio<lb></lb>ne quam in quattuor <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> ſecari nouit vnuſquiſque, ac proprie pro ea quæ eſt inter oppoſita, <lb></lb>quæ ſignificantur affirmatione, in principiis autem repugnantiam fertur ineſſe communiter, cùm <lb></lb>re vera principia ſint oppoſita priuatiuè. </s> <s>& ita Simplicius 1. de cęlo pronunciauit: quanquam <lb></lb>& ipſe non rarò oppoſitionem illam poſitiuam eſſe voluerit. </s> <s>Ab hac interpretatione me abdu<lb></lb>cit quidam locus apud Ariſtotelem quo inueſtigans principia motus inquit, ea eſſe contraria, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quoniam in vnoquoque contrario duo inſunt, poteſtas quidem ad alterum, & actus proprius; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1282"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quapropter inter ſe afficiunt, dum vnum propter actum conuertit alterum in ſui <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & pro<lb></lb>pter poteſtatem tranſit in naturam alterius. </s> <s>Si ergo oppoſitio hæc eſt coniuncta cum actu, igi<lb></lb>tur affirmatione ſignificatur, & eſt poſitiua. </s> <s>quòd ſi pendet ab oppoſitione ſubſtantiæ, vtique & <lb></lb>eam in ſubſtantia poſitiuam eſſe probabile eſt, ne dixerim neceſſarium: aliter, à cauſſa priuante <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1283"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proficiſceretur per ſe effectus poſitiuus. </s> <s>per ſe enim à ſubſtantia proficiſcitur, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> ab ipſa <lb></lb>accidenti communicatur, vt patet intuenti ordinem quem habet accidens ad ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>quoniam in philoſophia Peripatetica, qua quid Ariſtoteles ſenſerit, exquiritur: magnum pon<lb></lb>dus eſt Ariſtotelicorum decretorum; vide obſecro, quę ipſe litteris conſignauerit, & memorię tra<lb></lb>diderit, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi non tantùm concludit in ſubſtantiis eſſe huiuſmodi oppoſitionem, ſed planè oſten<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1284"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dit oppoſitionis ſpeciem eſſe <expan abbr="poſitiuã">poſitiuam</expan>, vbi inquit de differentiis agens quibus animal in ſuas ſpe<lb></lb>cies diſtribuitur, futurum eſſe, vt per ſe hoc quidem tale quid animal ſit, hoc verò tale quid, vt <lb></lb>hoc quidem, equus, hoc verò homo, hanc verò oppoſitionem mox teſtatur eſſe contrariorum, <lb></lb>fatuum verò dicere id per quod equus eſt, aut homo, ſolam eſſe priuationem. </s> <s>Ergo oppoſitio <lb></lb>poſitiua adſcribenda ſubſtantiæ differentiis. </s> <s>Quo magis inducor, vt ita credam, quòd & viri ſa<lb></lb>pientiſsimi noſtræ ætatis, cùm partem problematis oppoſitam defendant, nihilominus illud ſal<lb></lb>tem dare coguntur in formis eſſe priuationem non ſimpliciter, ſed cum quodam actu <expan abbr="coniunctã">coniunctam</expan>, <lb></lb>aut contrariorum repugnantiam metaphyſicam. </s> <s>At nos eam contrariorum repugnantiam con<lb></lb>ſtituimus quæ cum exuperatione & imminutione coniuncta eſt, vt reliqua omnia contraria. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1285"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quin etiam, ſi per differentias formæ rerum monſtrantur, differentiæ verò priuatiuè non oppo<lb></lb>nuntur: etenim ſunt natura ſimul, oppoſita verò priuatiuè nequaquam. </s> <s>non igitur formæ pri<lb></lb>uatiuè opponentur, vt videatur prorſus is qui aliter opinatur, à germana præceptoris noſtri <lb></lb>ſententia diſcedere. </s> <s>Verùm ſpecta obſecro argumentum quod ſtruxit Ariſtoteles 1. de cœlo <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi ex oppoſitione contrariorum cęlo negauit contrarium. </s> <s>Contrariorum, inquit, motus con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1286"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trarij ſunt. </s> <s>Ergo quorum motui nihil opponitur, neque illa erunt contraria. </s> <s>Nunc (niſi me <lb></lb>animus fallit) qui neget non eſſe idem iudicium de motu & ſubſtantia faciendum, pręterquàm <lb></lb>quòd euertet progreſſum Ariſtotelis in eodem libro approbatum. </s> <s>de motibus & corporibus, is <lb></lb>etiam hiſce anguſtiis concludetur, ne fortè pondus ablaturus ſit eiuſmodi rationi, dabit enim oc<lb></lb>caſionem aduerſario negandi coniunctum eius argumenti. </s> <s>cur enim ſequitur, ſi contrariæ ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ, motus quoque contrarij ſunt, aut motui nihil eſt contrarium. </s> <s>ergo neque ſubſtantiæ, niſi <lb></lb>quia contrariorum ratio tota radices agit in ſubſtantia, vt etiam 1. phyſ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> oſtenſum eſt? </s> <s>Sic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1287"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ergo ex oppoſitione <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> oppoſitio ſubſtantiæ concluditur, quę tamen à priori pendet à ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia: nam functiones & motus conditionem ſubſtantiæ conſequuntur. </s> <s>Atque ita perpetuus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1288"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt iſtæ ſubſtantiæ nexus & accidentium, ſeu functionum, ac ſubſtantiæ quidem vt principij, fun<lb></lb>ctionis verò vt ſigni, vt etiam de animi eſſentia ferri iudicium voluërit Ariſtoteles ab operationi<lb></lb>bus propriis. </s> <s>Accedit eodem Alexandri confirmatio cuius ego negligentiam magis admiror, <lb></lb>quàm cęterorum obſcuram diligentiam, vbi differentias ſpecificas habere docet <foreign lang="grc">ἐναντίωσῖν, & <lb></lb>ἀντίθεσιν κατὰ τὸν λόγον</foreign> <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> .i. </s> <s>aduerſitatem repugnantiam ſecundum rationem. </s> <s>Poſtremò vtor <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1289"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illatione queę ducitur ex partibus oppoſitorum. </s> <s>Non opponuntur priuatiuè, non vt ad aliquid, <lb></lb>non vt contradicentia, igitur vt contraria. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi contraria, maximè diſtant, quæ'nam igi<lb></lb>tur hæc maxima diſtantia contrariorum, præſertim quòd in ſubſtantia fit mutatio ſecundum <lb></lb>contradictionem? </s> <s>An vt partium quę ſic habent inter ſe, vt vtraque ſit in actu ſimpliciter, & <lb></lb>alterius abſolutam priuationem contineat, vnde habent poteſtatem remotiſsimam, nec alterius <lb></lb><expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> quicquam participant. </s> <s>Hæc autem controuerſia Latinis philoſophis qui pleraque exactio<lb></lb>re ſtatera ponderare ſolent, viſa eſt ita difficilis, vt lis adhuc ferè ſub iudice ſit, vt ille ait. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>quidam communem Latinorum <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan> mordicus retinentes, ne ponant in ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, <lb></lb>& ſubinde motum, vel plus & minus, ad ea quæ nos obiicimus, ita reſpondent, ac primùm ad id <pb pagenum="175"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1290"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod ab oppoſitione inſtrumentorum acceptum eſt, formas aut propriè ſumi, ſunt verò ſic ac<lb></lb>ceptæ cauſſæ, propter quas quidque eſt, aut tanquam efficientia, vnde .ſ. </s> <s>initium fiat motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc ſtante ſic aiunt. </s> <s>Ab oppoſitione inſtrumentorum ſignificari oppoſitionem in formis, nec qui<lb></lb>dem ſimpliciter, verùm vt ſunt cauſſę efficientes. </s> <s>Et certè res hæc magnam præſefert ſimilitudi<lb></lb>nem veri: nam reapſe inſtrumenta ad fines & efficientia referuntur, non ad formas, quaſi verò <lb></lb>forma, efficiens, & finis idem ſpecie non ſint, nec ſolo numero, vel ratione diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Igitur <lb></lb>ſi efficientia repugnant, formæ item repugnent neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Nec dicere licet efficiens addere ma<lb></lb>teriam formæ (eſt enim ſuppoſitum quod efficit) quia propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> non ineſt in forma repu<lb></lb>gnantia formaliter, ſed effectiuè. </s> <s>volo dicere. </s> <s><expan abbr="pugnã">pugnam</expan> ſanè eſſe inter formas quæ ſunt in materia, <lb></lb>ſiquidem, vbi ſint extra materiam, contrariæ quoque ſpecies, vt albi & nigri, in medio ſubſiſtant, <lb></lb>ſed intrinſecus habent formæ, quòd in materia pugnent, & vt verè dicamus, <foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστασιαν</foreign>. </s> <s>Eius <lb></lb>rei ſigna quòd efficiens formæ definitur, & quòd compoſito propter materiam, cui contrarium <lb></lb>nihil eſt, oppoſitio denegetur. </s> <s>Quare ſi verè contraria ſunt efficientia, multò prius item inerit <lb></lb>oppoſitio in formis. </s> <s>Ita argumentum noſtrum firmum & irrefragabile eſt. </s> <s>Iſte Calaber dedit <lb></lb>manus ei rationi, ſed quid peccauerit paullò antè ſignificauimus. </s> <s>Græci, qui elementa <expan abbr="cõponunt">componunt</expan> <lb></lb>ex materia prima & primis qualitatibus inter quas intercedit manifeſtè repugnantia; audacter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1291"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eam ſubſtantiæ tribuunt. </s> <s>Huius opinionis auctorem habemus in primis Alexandrum, hunc ſe<lb></lb>cuta eſt ſine contentione tota Græcorum ſchola. </s> <s>Auerroës inconſtans in hac quæſtione repe<lb></lb>ritur: nam <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> 1. Phyſ. in Alexandri veſtigiis hærens in ſubſtantia ponit tale genus oppoſitionis: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1292"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>huic quoque ſubſcripſit Albertus. </s> <s>Idem poſteà machinis omnibus euertere viſus eſt hoc decre<lb></lb>tum, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt illud ex eius verbis expromamus ipſum aliquando animum ad hanc partem proble<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1293"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>matis inclinaſſe. </s> <s>Hæc ſunt quæ vltrò <expan abbr="citroq́">citroque</expan>. </s> <s>Peripateticè diſputari poſſe videbantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1275"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1276"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1277"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1278"></margin.target>b 2. de ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1279"></margin.target>c T. 56.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1280"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1281"></margin.target>a 5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1282"></margin.target>b 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1283"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1284"></margin.target>c 10. Met. <lb></lb>à T. 15. vſ<lb></lb>que ad 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1285"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1286"></margin.target>d T. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1287"></margin.target>e T. 56.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1288"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1289"></margin.target>f 2. de an. <lb></lb>c. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1290"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1291"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1292"></margin.target>a T. c. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1293"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 10.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De oppoſitione differentiarum, & vtrum oppoſitio inter differentias efficiat oppoſitionem <lb></lb>inter formas. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ZIMARA non ſemel attigit hanc quæſtionem, ſiue illam ſæpius obiecerit, vt ſua conſtan<lb></lb>tia nobis eam magis perſuaderet, ſiue vt aliquorum doctrinam obiter arguere vellet, & ad <lb></lb>illud argumentum quod ab inſtrumentorum oppoſitione ductum eſt, ita dicebat, non <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe, vt contraria ex contrariis formis extarent, ſed ſufficere ſi diuerſæ fuerint. </s> <s>Prętereà monebat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1294"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam ſi differentiæ contrariæ forent, non ſequi nihilominus formas eſſe contrarias; verùm & eas <lb></lb>eſſe diuerſas illò fortè reſpiciens, quòd cùm formæ conſtent ex materia quæ cadit in mentem, <lb></lb>cui nihil eſt contrarium, quòd nihil ſit formæ contrarium tanquam toti. </s> <s>Veruntamen ſi diuerſę <lb></lb>ſunt, cur hoc ex hoc fit, & hoc cum illo mutatur, nec quodlibet abit in quodlibet, aut generatur <lb></lb>ex quolibet? </s> <s>Certè nil aliud reſpondebit, àc communionem materiæ. </s> <s>Ergo, inquam, ſunt diuer<lb></lb>ſæ formæ in aliquo: igitur & contrariæ. </s> <s>Et talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt contrariorum ratio. </s> <s>Necnon forma per ſe <lb></lb>eſt vltimus terminus, itaque eſt ſimplex: de eius oppoſitione igitur erat dicendum. </s> <s>Tertiò con<lb></lb>cedit differentias eſſe contrarias: at ſunt ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Et ſubſtantiæ igitur aliquid erit contrarium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Apud nos plurimum valet Ariſtotelis auctoritas, præſertim ſi ratione confirmari poſsit, is certè <lb></lb>in ſubſtantia, ſeu potius inter ſubſtantias oppoſitionem, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> illam quidem poſitiuam conſtituit, <lb></lb>& quanquam cenſuit oppoſitum in prædicamentis, hanc controuerſiam tollunt Alexander, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb></lb>Simplicius allata diſtinctione ſubſtantiarum: etenim ipſæ ſunt ſimplices, aut compoſitæ, oppo<lb></lb>ſitionem planè fatentes eſſe inter ſubſtantias ſimplices, huiuſmodi verò ſunt formæ: nam mate<lb></lb>ria nulli eſt contraria; at compoſitę carent contrario. </s> <s>Ergo de materia & de compoſito dicta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1295"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtotelis accipienda, vbicunque talis oppoſitio de ſubſtantia tollatur. </s> <s>Quocirca in prædica<lb></lb>mentis non de ſubſtantia ſimpliciter exiſtimabimus ea verba pronunciata, verùm de compoſita <lb></lb>tantùm de qua defendimus conſtanter verba fieri in eo libro, nihil autem de ſimplici, neque id <lb></lb>iniuria: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> liber ille ſit <foreign lang="grc">εἰσαγωγικὸς</foreign>, atque etiam Auerrois teſtimonio ruditer exquirat no<lb></lb>tiones prędicamentorum, & potius figuram dictionis, quàm elementa ipſorum, ſiquidem hæc <lb></lb>pleniorem rerum intelligentiam flagitarent, ideò mentio facta eſt ibi de ſubſtantia compoſita, <lb></lb>quemadmodum de ipſa quoque tùm 4. Met. tùm etiam ſub initium 7. meminiſſe legitur Ariſto<lb></lb>les: nanque ibi ipſius elementa primùm veſtigare cœpit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi contra dubitaueris, quemad<lb></lb>modum etiam fecit Alexander hoc modo. </s> <s>Si partes ſunt contrariæ, ergo & totum, quod confla<lb></lb>tur è contrariis, erit alteri toti <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, etiam notat in hoc argumento <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> ſummus ille vir. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque enim, inquit, valet argumentum à partibus ad totum, niſi partes vniuerſę ſint vniuſmodi, <lb></lb>veluti ſi vnum foret è nigro & amaro, contrarium foret alteri, quod conſtaret ex albo & dulci. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam conſtat totum è diuerſo genere partium. </s> <s>Cùm igitur earum aliquæ materiæ vim obti<lb></lb>neant, aliæ formæ in ſubſtantia: materia verò nulli contraria ſit; quin, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> omnes formæ partes; <lb></lb>proptereaquòd eius partes ſunt differentię, ſingulas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> differentias vnius ſpeciei ſingulis alterius <pb pagenum="176"></pb>differentiis eſſe contrarias non neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Si ergo partes contrarium non omnes habeat, neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1296"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>item ea quæ conflatur ex ipſis erunt neceſſariò contraria. </s> <s>Neque ſanè neceſſarium eſt argu<lb></lb>mentum a partibus ad totum, vt etiam ſi fuerint omnes conſimiles, addo etiam, vniuſmodi, non <lb></lb>idcirco idem iudicium de toto fieri poſsit, vt de motu cęli totius & partium, quemadmodum <lb></lb>ſuo loco ſignificabitur. </s> <s>Et cauſſa varietatis hæc eſt: quoniam totum aliquid formæ præſefert <lb></lb>vltra partes, quæ cùm diſtincta ſit à natura partium, diuerſorum quoque attributorum eſt cauſſa <lb></lb>in toto. </s> <s>propter hanc ergo differentiam formæ, ſeu rationis formalis in eo argumento latet falla<lb></lb>cia ſecundum figuram dictionis, quam ſi ſpecificare velis, ita dices. </s> <s>Nam totum ſignificat quale <lb></lb>aliquid, partes autem hoc ſolum. </s> <s>Et planè ſic rectè dubitatio tollitur. </s> <s>Cùm cęteroquin illud <lb></lb>quod etiam alibi ſtudens euertere conſimilem obiectionem, docebat Alexander Themiſtio teſte, <lb></lb>cùm elementum conſtet è pluribus differentiis, calore, frigore, pellucido: ex his nonnullas eſſe <lb></lb>contrarias, aliàs verò minimè. </s> <s>Igitur quando ex his tùm contrariis, tùm non contrariis compo<lb></lb>natur elementum, totum toti non erit contrarium haud ſatisfaciat obiectioni, niſi etiam materia <lb></lb>cùm differentiarum cumulo comprehendatur. </s> <s>Quid enim prohibet omnes oppoſitas differen<lb></lb>tias in duabus partibus collocare, præſertim ſi ex cuiuſlibet differentiæ complexione genus fieri <lb></lb>conſtituimus, quod rectè aduertenti ſecundum Poſt. Anal. </s> <s>dicere neceſſe eſt, vt ex lucido & opa<lb></lb>co cęteris oppoſitionibus ſeuocatis: cur enim hęc contraria non erunt? </s> <s>Sic non euitabit oppoſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1297"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem ſubſtantia compoſita. </s> <s>Noui hîc ego reclamare D. Thomam & Ioannem Iandunum <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> alioquin hoſtem, ſeu potius irriſorem D. Thomę, cum ipſo <expan abbr="conſentientẽ">conſentientem</expan> in hoc: hunc quidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1298"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia non patitur perſuaderi, ſi differentiæ quę pertinent ad eſſentiam, ſint contrarię; quin etiam <lb></lb>contraria debeant eſſe compoſita, illum verò quia putat ſufficere ſolam oppoſitionem <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <lb></lb>ad id, vt in ſubſtantia ſit motus. </s> <s>Sed de hoc infrà. </s> <s>Confirmabat alter ille ſententiam ſuam dua<lb></lb>bus argumentationibus. </s> <s>Prima quidem, quia differentiæ ſignificant totum cumulum eorum <lb></lb>quæ dicuntur in quid, è quo ſpecies eſt conſtituta, vt puta ratione compos, hoc totum quod eſt <lb></lb>homo: nam differentia ſemper notat complementum generis, ita vt etiam docuerit Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>differentiam ſine genere non poſſe concipi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Igitur qui dicit rationis compos, etiam neceſſariò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1299"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnà ſignificat animal, ex quo & ratione compote fit vnum per ſe, ſic vnum, vt etiam contrarium <lb></lb>ſit experti rationis. </s> <s>Altera verò, quoniam differentiæ contrariæ ſeſe viciſsim reſpiciunt: quare, <lb></lb>ſi vnum compoſitum cum ſua differentia concipitur, etiam compar eius (eſt verò id quod ha<lb></lb>bet alteram differentiam contrariam) ſub contraria notione concipietur. </s> <s>Sic erit vtriuſque ſpe<lb></lb>ciei notio contraria: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem ſpecies ipſæ erunt ponendæ contrariæ. </s> <s>Cęterùm vt tota aber<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1300"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rat via Iandunus ille? </s> <s>Neque enim diſcernit ipſe, differentiis ſupponi quidem genus, ſeu ma<lb></lb>teriam, & ideò totam eſſe, non ſanè, vt dici ſolet, ſecundùm materiam: verùm ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>& totum virtute & formaliter non extenſiuè, & <foreign lang="grc">ὐλικῶς</foreign> quòd, vt dictum eſt, ipſæ ſpeciem com<lb></lb>plent: quare, ſi id ſpectes quod menti obiiciunt differentię, ſignificat tantum, vt partes, cuius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>rei ſignum eſt, quoniam differentiæ ſolę non pronunciantur, neque ſeorſum, quaſi per ſe non ſuf<lb></lb>ficiant ad ſpeciem offerendam. </s> <s>Neque obſtat, quia totum ſit vnum per ſe, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>velut vnum <lb></lb>impetrarit, vt ab vno termino ſignificetur, & ita ab vna differentia. </s> <s>Nanque etſi vnum eſt, non <lb></lb>eſt ſimpliciter & omnibus modis vnum, ſed vt compoſitum, quod quidem eſt vnum re & ſubie<lb></lb>cto, rationibus tamen conſtans diuerſis. </s> <s>Dictum etenim fuit ab Ariſtotele, cum fiens, tum etiam <lb></lb>id quod fit, eſſe compoſitum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nam diſſoluitur eius ratio in rationem ſuorum principiorum. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1301"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Et quanuis vnum ſit, & vt vnum ab vno ſignificetur, non eſt officium differentiæ, vt illud, velut <lb></lb>vnum ſignificet, ſed nomini ſolius. </s> <s>Quare manet diſtincta notio differentiarum, <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeor<lb></lb>ſum propria notio eſt, vt partis in toto. </s> <s>Confirmari item poteſt id quod dicimus, quandoqui<lb></lb>dem ipſæ differentiæ, vel accipiuntur vt mente ſeuocatæ à genere & materia, atque ita ſignificant <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1302"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt formæ, vel etiam denominatiuè: ſic autem degenerant in genus, aut ſpeciem ſubalterna. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnde conſtat tum non eſſe illarum ſimplicem notionem, quia continent aliquid vt materiam <lb></lb>(ſunt enim denominatiua) tùm etiam, quia genus aut per ſe ſpectatur, aut vt ſpeciei pars, atque <lb></lb>vt genus quidem, eius eſt vna notio per ſe plena, atque perfecta licet confuſa. </s> <s>Proinde vbi dif<lb></lb>ferentia ſuſtineat rationem generis, quatenus genus, vnam notionem obtinebit, quòd ſint pars <lb></lb>accipiatur, ſiue vt genus, ſiue vt differentia concepta ſit: <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> quòd tum ſignificat alteram ſpe<lb></lb>ciei partem, non omnes ſimul. </s> <s>Itaque differentiæ, quatenus huiuſmodi, multò magis ſignifi<lb></lb>cant alteram ſpeciei partem, non omnes, vt ipſe dicebat. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis iam me conuerto ad <lb></lb>diluendos cauillos qui contrà allati fuerunt. </s> <s>Ac primùm ex proximè præcedentibus patet quid <lb></lb>dicendum ſit ad Iandunum, atque ad illam propoſitionem quam ipſe accipiebat. </s> <s>Differentias <lb></lb>ſignificare totum cumulum eorum ex quibus conſtat ſpecies. </s> <s>hoc enim aimus eſſe falſum, <lb></lb>ſi intelligatur ſimpliciter: <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> ita ſignificant totum, quia ſignificant id quod continet quidem <lb></lb>omnes alias partes, & id quod eſt totum ſecundum formam: at non ſufficit hoc ad id, vt ſigni<lb></lb>ficent vnam notionem totius ſpeciei, vel definitionis ſimpliciter, quia ſpecies & definitio habent <pb pagenum="177"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1303"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alias parteis, vltra differentiam à differentia re & ratione ſegregatas. </s> <s>Itaque differentia partem <lb></lb>in toto ſignificat. </s> <s>Et ſignificat id differentia quod eſt totum, quia complet totum, non quia ſit <lb></lb>res adæquata cum natura totius quod in diuerſis partibus manet. </s> <s>Ex his & ſecundam quoque <lb></lb>rationem infirmare licebit. </s> <s>Nam concedimus ſanè differentias, vt contrarias eſſe ad aliquid. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>trarium enim contrario contrarium eſt. </s> <s>Sed hîc duo ſunt obſeruanda. </s> <s>Primum quòd ſeſe vi<lb></lb>ciſsim reſpiciunt ſecundum formam, non autem ſecundum materiam, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>quanuis differen<lb></lb>tia, vt oppoſita referatur ad alteram oppoſitam: nihilominus vt talis differentia comparem nul<lb></lb>lo pacto ſignificat non ſecus atque <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>, quod tanquam contrarium reſpicit nigrum, verùm ſi ab <lb></lb>ipſo contrarij notionem auoces, non amplius refertur ad nigrum. </s> <s>Quapropter ad argumen<lb></lb>tum reſpondere oportet negando id quod obiicit aduerſarius. </s> <s>Deinde etiam ſi concedemus dif<lb></lb>ferentias ſecundùm materiam ſumptas inter ſe reſpicere & alteram ſpeciem proximè inferie, <lb></lb>veluti contrariam: non proptereà tamen ſequi dicimus, vt monſtrent oppoſitionem inter ſpecies <lb></lb>totas, ſed inter ſeipſas ſolùm. </s> <s>Sic dicemus ſubſtantiam ſubſtantiæ contrariam eſſe, non ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, ſi compoſita fuerit, ſed ſecundùm differentias. </s> <s>Quare factum eſſe, vt Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1304"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentorum oppoſitionibus agens illud adiecerit. </s> <s>Quemadmodum contingit ſubſtantiam ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ contrariam eſſe; quaſi non neget oppoſitionem contrariorum eſſe in ſubſtantiis, neget <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1305"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id ſolùm ſubſtantiam alteri ſubſtantiæ ſimpliciter eſſe contrariam, ſed ita dici, quia ſit prædita <lb></lb>formis contrariis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1294"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1295"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1296"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1297"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1298"></margin.target>a 1. de Cę<lb></lb>lo <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1299"></margin.target>b Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1300"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1301"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 64.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1302"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1303"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1304"></margin.target>a 2. de ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1305"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum in ſubstantia ſunt contraria. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AVDIVIMVS antè in ſubſtantia ineſſe oppoſitionem, neque de priuantium genere dun<lb></lb>taxat, verùmetiam poſitiuam. </s> <s>Proximum his eſt, vt doceamus quemadmodum oppoſi<lb></lb>tio ponenda ſit inter ſubſtantias: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>ea petatur à formis explicemus, vt forma formæ poſsit <lb></lb>eſſe contraria, & rem anteà vix attactam vberius exponamus. </s> <s>Porrò contrariorum illa ſunt par<lb></lb>tes, quòd actu ſint aliquid, quòd actu vnum ſint, poteſtate reliquum, & ob id in contrario priua<lb></lb>tio ſit alterius, quòd affirmatione ſignificentur: poſtremò quòd habeant commune ſubiectum, <lb></lb>de cuius poſſeſsione ſecum pugnent. </s> <s>At verò non eſt facilè explicare, quemadmodum ſit actu <lb></lb>contrarium. </s> <s>Nam, cùm ea quæ oriuntur & intereunt, ſint vel ſimplicia, vel mixta, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>vel ani<lb></lb>mata, vel inanima: de oppoſitione quidem ſimplicium, quanuis facilè videretur poſſe decerni, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1306"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quandò illa euidens eſſet, ſi primæ <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> qualitates, vt fert communis opinio Gręcorum, <lb></lb>ſunt elementorum formæ: paullò minus, ſi in iis oppoſitio ponatur à quibus qualitates contrarię <lb></lb>naſcuntur, vt leuitatis <expan abbr="ponderiſq́">ponderiſque</expan>. </s> <s>principia; caloris item & frigoris; nam per hæc, vel vt conſe<lb></lb>quentia, vel vt inſtrumenta formarum oppoſitio declarari videtur. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quia du<lb></lb>bium eſſe poteſt ex placitis Ariſtotelis, quemadmodum prima contraria quæ ſunt calidum & fri<lb></lb>gidum inter ſe opponantur, an'ne vt contraria prorſus, an potius vt habitus & priuatio, perdif<lb></lb>ficilis quæſtio redditur, ſiquidem ſi priuatiuè opponantur, ſiue ſint ipſę elementorum formæ, ſi<lb></lb>ue illarum inſtrumenta & conſequentia, formæ non quidem poſitiuè, vt volumus, ſed priuatiuè <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt opponantur. </s> <s>Sed planè in mixtis difficillima res eſt decernere oppoſitionem inter <lb></lb>formas. </s> <s>Equidem quid de caloris & frigoris oppoſitione ſentiam, tum docebo, cum ad altera<lb></lb>tionis principia venero: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>poſitiuè opponi oſtendam, <expan abbr="conſiliumq́">conſiliumque</expan>. </s> <s>Ariſtotelis aperiam, cur 1. <lb></lb>Meteor, frigus priuatiuè opponi voluerit. </s> <s>Verùm ſiquis hypotheſi noſtræ reclamet, hoc erit in<lb></lb>ſtituti præſentis, vt illa afferantur quibus poſitis ea conditio generationis quæ eſt in tempore fie<lb></lb>ri, conſeruetur; ſeu poſitiuè, ſeu priuatiuè opponantur. </s> <s>Nam, ſi hæc ſecum non pugnare oſten<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1307"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>damus, multò libentius in ſententia noſtra permanebimus. </s> <s>Etenim tempus omne in mutatione <lb></lb>naſcitur à reſiſtentia, atqui nulla reſiſtentia in pura poteſtate collocari valet, tota <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe vergit <lb></lb>ad actum, ex eo perficitur; per ſe autem perfectioni ſuæ non repugnare vnum eſt de naturę prin<lb></lb>cipiis: in pura autem poteſtate pura priuatio conſiſtit; nam quod eſſe poteſt, quatenus poteſt, <lb></lb>eſt non ens. </s> <s>Itaque per deductionem per tria, vel plura; Vbi pura priuatio, nulla reſiſtentia. <lb></lb></s> <s>In materia prima in qua ſunt prima contraria, pura exiſtit priuatio, ſi frigus opponitur calori <lb></lb>priuatiuè. </s> <s>Igitur exiſtet primorum contrariorum productio ſine reſiſtentia: quare non in tem<lb></lb>pore. </s> <s>Exemplo ſit nobis aëris pelluciditas in tenebris, quę cùm agenti & illuſtranti non reſiſtat; <lb></lb>lumen accipit in inſtanti. </s> <s>Neque mihi videtur eſſe ſatis ad conſeruandum tempus in generatio<lb></lb>ne, ſi dicamus actum in contrario requiri ſimpliciter, hoc eſt, ſi non eum qui per ſe opponatur, at <lb></lb>alium quempiam, putatu, quia ſit frigidum cum humido coniunctum. </s> <s>Nam veriſimile pri<lb></lb>mùm eſt, vt ſi priuatiuè opponuntur calor & frigus, illa itidem quæ ex calido & frigido naſcun<lb></lb>tur, eodem modo opponi. </s> <s>Si igitur humidum eſt actus; aridum illi oppoſitum erit priuatio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Finge ergo idem ſimul eſſe aridum & frigidum; hîc certè nullus actus extabit in quo oppoſitio<lb></lb>nis poſitiuæ ratio ponenda ſit, nec vllum principium, vnde reſiſtentia naſcatur. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quia <pb pagenum="178"></pb>vel mutatio fieret in eo quod eſt actu, & ſic eſſet ea forma accidentis: etenim permanet humor <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1308"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>interdum, veluti cùm ex aqua fit aër; aut, ſi perfectius eſt id quod accedit, ſubiectum rationem <lb></lb>potentiæ ſubit, vt aliàs oſtendemus. </s> <s>Itaque ab illo occaſio nulla reſiſtentię dabitur. </s> <s>Verùm, ſi<lb></lb>cut adagio fertur. <foreign lang="grc">γόνυ κυήμης</foreign>. </s> <s>Ideò nos hoc loco id quod perpetuò defenſuri ſumus, in medio <lb></lb>ponemus; deinde ſiquid in terra ſuccurret quod pro illis probabiliter dici poſsit, exercitationis <lb></lb>ergò non grauabimur afferre. </s> <s>Illis igitur acceptis quæ firma <expan abbr="rataq́">rataque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint in noſtra methodo, fri<lb></lb>gus eſſe aliquid poſitiuum, itaque & à forma proficiſci, ſi non eſt ipſum forma quæ actu ſit, nec <lb></lb>priuatio tantum, & priuationem in materia ſola ſine quopiam actu præcedente qui verè ſit for<lb></lb>ma, non extare, <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe cauſſam morę quæ in ortu ſubſtantiæ ponitur, & his approbatis, quę <lb></lb>de oppoſitione formarum conſtituimus, agamus nunc de oppoſitione, quæ <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> ſpecies con<lb></lb>ſequitur, & in iis item conſimilem rationem ſeruari monſtremus. </s> <s>Duo porrò ſunt, quæ ſpeciem <lb></lb>in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ conſtituunt, genus & differentia, ſiue genus appellemus illud pri<lb></lb>mùm, quod per differentias ſecatur, ſiue vniuerſum cumulum eorum <expan abbr="communiũ">communium</expan> quę vltimę dif<lb></lb>ferentiæ <expan abbr="præcedũt">præcedunt</expan>, cuius acceſſu tota ſpeciei natura & eſſentia declaratur, & redditur ratio ipſius <lb></lb>quid eſt, æqualis ſpeciei quam ſpecie latiorem ſeorſum acceptam facere non eſt abſurdum, cùm <lb></lb>ſit ſatis, ſi cum reliquis efficiat totam rationem cum ſpecie commeantem: necnon, nihil omnino <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1309"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>refert, ſit'ne hæc, aut illa differentia, quandò, niſi ſe ad reliquas habuerit <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="continuationẽ">continuationem</expan>, <lb></lb>vt Ariſtoteles inquit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed æqualiter <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> genus plures oppoſitorum differentiæ reſpiciant, nil re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1310"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fert, inquam, vtra præponatur. </s> <s>Verbi gratia. </s> <s>cùm ex eodem fonte non ducant originem rationis <lb></lb>compos vel impos, & bipes, rei ſignum dabo, quòd bipes & cum rationis <expan abbr="cõpote">compote</expan> & impote con<lb></lb>gruit ea apud mathematicos æqualitatis & inæqualitatis proportio, rationalis & irrationalis: <lb></lb>ſiquidem hæc inter ſe non pugnant proportio inæqualitatis & proportiones irrationalis & îrrà<lb></lb>tionalis. </s> <s>Nil igitur incommodi afferet. </s> <s>Vtrum præpoſueris an bipes an compos rationis: ſimi<lb></lb>liter irrationale, an inæqualis proportionem. </s> <s>Sed his omiſsis quæ fortaſſe nimium diſtant à pro<lb></lb>poſito, ſatis eſto nunc duo conflare <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> ſpeciem, genus .ſ. </s> <s>ac differentiam, ac genus quidem, <lb></lb>quòd veluti materia, ſaltem in ipſa oratione quid eſt explicante ſumatur, ſecus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quandoque ſe <lb></lb>habet, ſi rem ſpectes quæ per definitionis parteis exponitur, vt de animali & bipede conſtat, quan<lb></lb>doquidem animal ſignificat formam, bipes autem materiam. </s> <s>Quapropter ſicut materia eſt in <lb></lb>potentia ad oppoſita, ſic genus ſe habet ad differentias. </s> <s>Itaque & ſenſus & ratio monſtrant op<lb></lb>poſitionem pertinere ad differentias. </s> <s>Atqui differentiæ poſitiuo & priuatiuo diſtingui videntur: <lb></lb>quandò animal rationis compos eſt & impos; item corpus aut ſenſu præditum, aut vacans. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1311"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quare inceſsit dubitatio, <expan abbr="cõſtituantur'ne">conſtituantur'ne</expan> animata ex differentia priuante, cùm ſint ſubſtantię per<lb></lb>fectiſsimę. </s> <s>Tùm etiam, quia neget Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vllius rei differentias eſſe priuationes. </s> <s>Et illud <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1312"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>magis admirabile, quòd cùm ſint differentię contrariæ, tamen ſpecies ex illis conſtitutæ inter ſe <lb></lb>non commutentur. </s> <s>Ad has dubitationes tollendas meminiſſe oportet, in formis duplicem gra<lb></lb>dum reperiri, alterum quo à ſummo ad imum tenditur quem ſecundum altitudinem <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>, quo<lb></lb>minus communia magis id quod eſt participant, quàm illa quæ latius patent, vt homo, quam <lb></lb>animal & animal, quàm corpus: atque <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> qui in iis obſeruatur quæ ſunt ordinis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> .i. </s> <s>ſub <lb></lb><expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> quem ſecundùm <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan> dicimus: hic verò intercedit inter eiuſdem generis ſpe<lb></lb>cies, ſiue inter parteis <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> ad vnum. </s> <s>in quo nihil repugnat vnam ſpeciem altera perfectio<lb></lb>rem eſſe atque præſtantiorem. </s> <s>Quod verò ad primum illum gradum ſpectat. </s> <s>Ea quæ com<lb></lb>muniora ſunt, videntur habere rationem materiæ, quippe quòd acceſſu nouarum, <expan abbr="minuſq́">minuſque</expan>. </s> <s>com<lb></lb>munium formarum generarto compleatur. </s> <s>prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> viuit homo vitam plantæ, deinde vitam ani<lb></lb>malis, demum fit homo. </s> <s>Ergo illa omnia quæ materiæ tribui ſolent, in illis ineſſe communibus <lb></lb>eſt veriſimile, conditiones, inquam, quę conſequuntur illa, & <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> propter quam ſunt ido<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1313"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nea recipere formam perfectiorem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> aliud eſt rationis impos quod eſt in animali, dum <lb></lb>primis ſenſus rudimentis in vtero pollet, atque aliud quod eſt in equo: in vtero enim ad alium <lb></lb>perfectionis gradum peruenire poteſt, in equo verò nequaquam. </s> <s>Proinde in vtero rationis im<lb></lb>pos notat priuationem cum habilitate ad aliam formam, in equo verò potius erit ad aliud, ſed <lb></lb>priuans: quaſi ſignificetur eius ſpeciei ſtatus in qua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit gradus rationis per id quod perfectius <lb></lb>eſt, & natura prius, & ſit ex eo genere illorum quæ ſunt ad aliquid, quod excludit compar, vt ſo<lb></lb>lus & huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Sed quanuis vtraque priuationem ſignificent, tamen aliquid ponunt; in com<lb></lb>munioribus quidem formam <expan abbr="cõmuniorem">communiorem</expan> quæ ſuapte natura ad <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> gradum euehi poſsit: <lb></lb>ideò fundantur iſtæ priuationes actu: in iis etiam quæ ſpecie differunt, cùm idem genus partici<lb></lb>pent, præter naturam communem quæ item continetur in ea ſpecie, ſunt oppoſitæ formæ quæ in <lb></lb>earum materia radices egerunt, exempli gratia, certa elementorum miſcella. </s> <s>Ecce <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex vino fit <lb></lb>acetum, quòd in illa temperie ineſt habilitas ad id, vt fiat acetum, in melle non item. </s> <s>ex melle ob <lb></lb>eandem cauſſam fit bilis, non acetum. </s> <s>& cùm embryon ab initio multo calore ſit præditum, <lb></lb>non ſentit quidem, multò minus cogitat: dum copiam caloris amittit (intelligo verò <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <pb pagenum="179"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1314"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calidam) & ſenſu pollet, & accipit rationem. </s> <s>Quemadmodum igitur embryon in prima ſui <lb></lb>conſtitutione imperfectum eſt atque priuatum, habet tamen & contrarias qualitates in quibus <lb></lb>ineſt priuatio illarum quibus aduerſantur, & habilitas, propterquam commutantur cum oppo<lb></lb>ſitis; & ſi qualitates <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> conſequuntur, ſimplices quidem naturam corporum <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan>, <lb></lb>mixtæ verò corporum quæ ex eorum mixtura conflata ſunt, & ipſa item principia, vnde naſcun<lb></lb>tur oppoſitæ qualitates quæ ſecum priuationem <expan abbr="habilitatemq́">habilitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>afferunt, & priuationem & habi<lb></lb>litatem afferre decet & oppoſitionem poſitiuam in ſubſtantia quomodocunque ponere. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>nunc ſiquis aduertat diligentius, non eodem modo ſtatuere poterit differentias priuatiuè oppo<lb></lb>ſitas, neque omnes erunt contrarię. </s> <s>Quandoquidem, ſi contraria ſunt actu, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtatem <lb></lb>habent ad alterum: cùm in iis quæ ſunt ampliora, ſit aliquis actus, atque itidem habilitas ad vl<lb></lb>teriorem formam, in iis autem quæ ſunt ſub eodem communi habilitas nulla, patet rationis im<lb></lb>pos, quod eſt in animali, aut embryo, contrarium eſſe rationis compoti quod eſt in homine, non <lb></lb>autem rationis impos, quod eſt in equo. </s> <s>Proptereà fiet homo ex embryo & animali, ex equo <lb></lb>verò non fiet. </s> <s>Atque hoc illud eſt, quod Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ipſe primùm, deinde Alexander admonue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1315"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>runt, eſſe duplex genus contrariorum, vnum quod ſecundùm formam appellaretur, atque alte<lb></lb>rum quod ſecundùm materiam, & id quod ſecundum formam eſſet, cum alio non commutari. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1316"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Neque id (mea quidem ſententia) temerè: quandò à forma eſt eſſe, non occaſio mutationis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò mutationis occaſio pendeat à materia, <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> quæ inter ſe commutantur, ſecundùm <lb></lb>materiam optimè dicuntur. </s> <s>Proinde etiam duplex genus obſeruo apud philoſophos, alterum <lb></lb>quid complectitur rerum formas vt eſſentiæ principia, quod ſubſtantiam vocant, quamobrem <lb></lb>cùm primus philoſophus eſſentias rerum tentet, quoad ſunt, non quoad motui ſubſternuntur, <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam facit genus generaliſsimum, phyſicus autem quia conſiderat principia motus, acci<lb></lb>piens differentias ex materia format genus phyſicum, quod appellat corpus ſenſile 2. de An. cap. <lb></lb></s> <s>de tactu. </s> <s>Itaque & in ſubſtantia poſitiua oppoſitio ſpectatur, quanuis terminis priuantibus in <lb></lb>dicetur: tametſi nouimus Ariſtotelem <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> appellaſſe terminos poſitiuos eos quicunque affirma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1317"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione ſignificarentur: hoc eſt, de quibus eſſe prædicaretur, vt nudum & iniuſtum. </s> <s>eo quòd à <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>iuſto & non veſtito differrent, quia ſupponeretur illis habilitas, qua negantia non includunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed ſimus adhuc religioſiores, & reſoluamus vlterius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> priuationis, & illi ſubiiciamus <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>& cui certa priuatio eſt affixa, merito cuius vnum cum altero commutari poteſt, ex quo non <lb></lb>tantùm logicè <expan abbr="poſitiuũ">poſitiuum</expan> ipſum faciemus, vt ij faciunt, qui ſolùm obſeruant quæ affirmatiuè prę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1318"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicentur; ſed naturaliter, quia ſuberit actus quo priuario fundatur, ſiue <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> vt in genere, <lb></lb>ſiue ſpecialis, vt in illis quę, cùm per ſe ſint, proximè tamen mutantur in aliud, vt vinum & <expan abbr="acetũ">acetum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Habet ſanè embryon ab ortus initio vim <expan abbr="alentẽ">alentem</expan>, & hæc quidem exiſtit ex certa materia, ſed quæ <lb></lb>non repugnet formæ futuræ, quapropter vtrunque principium poſteriora forma ſuperueniente <lb></lb>retinetur. </s> <s>Eſt in vino materies, quæ habilis reddi queat parua intercedente mutatione ad aceti <lb></lb>formam ſuſcipiendam, ſed quia cùm materies, tùm forma vini repugnant, neutrum principium, <lb></lb>in aceti generatione conſeruabitur. </s> <s>Itaque mutatio in his neceſſe eſt in vlteriorem materiam re<lb></lb>ſoluatur, in materiam, inquam, quæ vtrique ſpeciei communis ſit, propinqua <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum forma con<lb></lb>tinuò labitur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Neque illud obſtabit, cùm ex animali fiet homo, quòd remaneat animal, ne fortè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1319"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vereamur ex oppoſito fieri id quod fit, tanquam non permanente, quandoquidem & in hoc for<lb></lb>mæ numeros imitantur. </s> <s>Nam ſicut vnius additione ex duitate fit ternio, & ex pari impar, rema<lb></lb>nent tamen & duo & par: ſic de animali & rationis compote dicemus. </s> <s>Remanent enim illa ſe<lb></lb>cundum materiam, <expan abbr="corrũpuntur">corrumpuntur</expan> verò ſecundum formam, quia .ſ. </s> <s>duitatis <expan abbr="pariſq́">pariſque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio non con<lb></lb>ſeruatur. </s> <s>ſic animalis ratio, non reſtat; neque enim homo eſt animal abſolutè, ſed addit aliquid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1320"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animali. </s> <s>Quamobrem, vbi dicitur quodque fieri ex oppoſito, tanquam non remanente, & quic<lb></lb>quid ex hoc principio deriuatur, ampliabimus, quia non remaneat vel ſecundùm materiam, <lb></lb>vel ſecundùm formam. </s> <s>Neque hæc pugnant conſeruari materialiter & interire formaliter, ſi<lb></lb>cuti neque pugnant illa eſſe actu, non eſſe virtute, eſſe actu, non eſſe in habitu, pugnarent ſanè ſi <lb></lb>ad idem ſimul eſſent & non eſſent, vt habitu ſolum, aut ſolum materialiter. </s> <s>Itaque illud quod <lb></lb>affirmat Ariſtoteles, priuationem nullius eſſe differentiam, non ſine conditione accipimus. </s> <s>Aut <lb></lb>enim priuationem ſumpſit, quæ negatione exprimeretur, aut priuationem ſolam ab actu illo ſe<lb></lb>cretam, cui ipſa infixa eſt, neque eo modo, vt ſtatum ſpeciei declaret ex notatione oppoſiti quod <lb></lb>perfectius eſt. </s> <s>Hoc igitur modo conſtat, vt in ſubſtantia ſint contraria propter quæ fit mutatio <lb></lb>quæ poſitiuè opponuntur, & ſunt ſecundum materiam, quæ nobis omnium dubitationum fon<lb></lb>teis patefacient ad quarum explicationem iam deueniendum eſt.</s></p> <pb pagenum="180"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1306"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1307"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1308"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1309"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1310"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1311"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1312"></margin.target>b 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. cap. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1313"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1314"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1315"></margin.target>a 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1316"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1317"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb><lb></lb>10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1318"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1319"></margin.target>c 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1320"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Singulæ dubitationes tolluntur de oppoſitione ſubſtantiarum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1321"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1321"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC quę ponimus in ſubſtantia contraria, prohibent, quò minus generatio ſubſtantię pun<lb></lb>cto temporis abſoluatur. </s> <s>At verò ſi ſunt termini poſitiui ex quibus volumus conſtitui mo<lb></lb>tum, nec ſanè communiter (iam enim generatio non ſeparatur à motu communiter) ſed à motu <lb></lb>propriè, ecquid eſt cauſſæ, cur in ſubſtantia ſit mutatio, non motus? </s> <s>Cauſſam reddidit Themi<lb></lb>ſtio Auerroës, licet apud Themiſtium mihi non ſucceſſerit obſeruare talem locum. </s> <s>In motu & <lb></lb>mutatione terminos eſſe duplices poſitiuos nimirùm & priuantes. </s> <s>Ita è ſemine fit animal, & ei <lb></lb>non animali, atque item ex nigro fit album, & ex non albo. </s> <s>Sed quanquàm in omni mutatione <lb></lb>ineſt vtraque terminorum ratio, longè diſpar eſt in mutatione ſubſtantiæ, atque in ea quæ fit ſe<lb></lb>cundùm accidens. </s> <s>Siquidem in ſubſtantiæ mutatione, termini proximi ſint priuantes, poſit in <lb></lb>autem remoti. </s> <s>Nam mutatio ſubſtantiæ fit è non ſubſtantia: proptereà nihil habet ante ſe <lb></lb>aliter accidens à ſubſtantia ſeparari poſſet. </s> <s>Quicquid enim eſt vel eſt ſubſtantia, vel accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s>At id ex quo ſubſtantia fit, ſubſtantia eſſe nequit, niſi poteſtate & per accidens, ne fateri coga<lb></lb>mur <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe antequàm fiat, neque <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> accidens, quandò ſupponitur illi actu <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> quę tum nul<lb></lb>la exiſtit: generatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Inde ſequitur generationem eſſe mutationem totius in totum. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>accidentis mutatio fit circum actu ſubſtantiam, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam eius termini proximi ſunt po<lb></lb>ſitiui, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>mutatio totius non eſt. </s> <s>Ergo ſiquis introſpiciat eius argumenti formam, falsò aſſum<lb></lb>ptum fuiſſe videbit. </s> <s>Oppoſitionem contrariorum eſſe cauſſam primam motus, quippe quòd <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> præter id requiratur contraria terminos eſſe proximos tranſmutationis, qui cùm in ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia non ſint: etiam faciunt, quò minus in ſubſtantia ſit motus. </s> <s>Sed quoniam vrgebit quempiam <lb></lb>auctoritas Ariſtotelis in ſubſtantia poſitiuam oppoſitionem eſſe negantis. </s> <s>Prętereà quoniam om<lb></lb>nes illæ rationes quibus ipſe motum à mutatione ſeiungit, tanquam inter ſe commeantia <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>accipiunt, atque contraria. </s> <s>Nam ſi ibi non eſt motus, quia nec oppoſitio, cùm ſit in aliis muta<lb></lb>tionibus oppoſitio, erit igitur & motus. </s> <s>Poſtremò omne id quod fit, fit ex eo quod non eſt, qua<lb></lb>tenus non eſt, quod autem habet hanc conditionem, <emph type="italics"></emph>quatenus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, id etiam eſt primò. </s> <s>Ergo in om<lb></lb>ni tranſmutatione ens & non ens erunt termini primi & proximi. </s> <s>Sic non diſcrepabunt alij mo<lb></lb>tus à mutatione ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Ad eum locum Ariſtotelis, duo dicere licet. </s> <s>Primùm ipſum inqui<lb></lb>rere terminos proximos motus & mutationis, qui in ſubſtantia ſunt eſſe & non eſſe. </s> <s>Nos verò ta<lb></lb>metſi collocauimus in ſubſtantia contraria, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcirco dicimus ea terminos eſſe proximos tranſ<arrow.to.target n="marg1322"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutationis, ſed remotos. </s> <s>Atqui à proximis terminis prima tranſmutationis ratio conſtituitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſſumus etiam dicere, Ariſtotelem ibi monſtrare ſubiectum formale tranſmutationis, hoc verò <lb></lb>eſt in generatione tota ſubſtantia, neque ſufficere oppoſitionem <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan>, ad id, vt mutatio ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ fiat inter contraria, quia cùm fiat ſecundùm totam ſubſtantiam, ſubſtantia tota toti ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ contraria non eſt, cùm ceteroquin accidentis mutatio proximè fiat ſecundùm formas ſo<lb></lb>las inter quas eſt oppoſitio. </s> <s>ſiquidem accidentis compoſitio ſubiectum includat, quod eſt ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, hæc verò in tali mutatione conſeruatur, <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> homo fit albus, neque conſimile eſt ſubie<lb></lb>ctum in generatione, & cęteris motibus cum reliqui omnes ſubſtantiam actu requirant circum <lb></lb>quam mutatio fiat. </s> <s>Et certè poſterior hæc ſolutio valdè implet animum meum, quia redditur <lb></lb>vera cauſſa, cur in accidentibus mutatio proximè fiat inter contraria, minimè verò in ſubſtantia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic fit vt oppoſitio nihilominus ſit in ſubſtantia, non propterea tamen ea ſit prima ratio traſmu<lb></lb>tationis ſubſtantiæ, à qua motus ipſius appellatio ducebatur. </s> <s>Et quanquam enitetur aduerſa<lb></lb>rius oſtendere oppoſitionem & motum eſſe reciproca, tamen neque id neceſſariò conſequitur, <lb></lb>neque poſtulas demonſtrationis Ariſtotelicę progreſſus. </s> <s>quoniam Ariſtoteles argumentatur ſup<lb></lb>poſita ratione motus. </s> <s>Si oppoſitio neceſſariò quæritur in conſtituendo motu, aut ſi motus eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1323"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ibi quoque contraria reperiuntur, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>ſint prima ratio motus, itaque efficitur vbi contraria <lb></lb>non ſint, quę ſint prima ratio motus, neque ibi fore motum. </s> <s>Quod verò additur. </s> <s>Inter acciden<lb></lb>tia quoque progreſſum eſſe ab eo quod eſt ad id quod non eſt: fateor equidem, & tunc aio pro<lb></lb>greſſum illum conſtituere mutationem. </s> <s>Cùm verò inſtes: eos eſſe terminos proximos, quòd <lb></lb>ex eo quod non eſt, quatenus non eſt, illa mutatio fiat: Reſpondeo, vel ibi non diſtinxiſſe Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem mutationem à motu, ſed vtranque communiter accepiſſe, & concepiſſe motum ſub ra<lb></lb>tione formali tranſmutationis, vel intelligi vocem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> analogicè primum de ſubſtantia, deinde <lb></lb>de accidentibus, nanque & in ipſis eſt progreſſus ab ente ad non ens. </s> <s>Ita vt ea vox, <emph type="italics"></emph>quatenus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ana<lb></lb>logicè capiatur, non ſecundùm omneis illas conditioneis quæ 1. Poſt. deſcriptæ ſunt: nimirùm <lb></lb>quòd omni per ſe & neceſſario, necnon æqualiter conueniat aliquod attributum, ſed hoc loco <lb></lb>quòd vniuersè inſit: ſiquidem in omni tranſmutatione ſit ea <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> oppoſitio. </s> <s>Poſtremum <lb></lb>quoque tollitur hæc machina. </s> <s>Cùm enim accipiatur, vbi ſunt contraria, ibi eſſe intentionem & <lb></lb><expan abbr="remiſsionẽ">remiſsionem</expan>. </s> <s>Negamus. </s> <s>Cùm approbes. </s> <s>Omne plus & minus, <expan abbr="inquiẽs">inquiens</expan>, fieri ex miſtura <expan abbr="cõtrariorũ">contrariorum</expan>. <pb pagenum="181"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1324"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Dicimus eam propoſitionem non eſſe veram ſimpliciter, ſed id requiri, vt .ſ. </s> <s>intentio & remiſsio <lb></lb>fiat eadem forma permanente, quod ſolum euenit accidenti. </s> <s>Accidit enim albedinem eſſe & in <lb></lb>ſexto & in octauo gradu, cùm ſit diuidua. </s> <s>At in eadem ſubſtantia & in eo quod eſt eſſe magis <lb></lb>& minus non eſt, quia manent in indiuiduo, & aliquo vel minimo dempto variantur, non ſecus <lb></lb>àc numeri quibus ſi apponas aut demas vnitatem, continuò ſpecies eius immutatur. </s> <s>Dicimus <lb></lb>igitur Ariſtotelem 5. Phyſ. loqui de illa intentione & remiſsione, quæ fit in eadem ſpecie, hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ſola fit ex admixtione contrarij. </s> <s>Poſtulant etiam plus & minus, ſi ex contrariorum temperatio<lb></lb>ne naſcuntur, vt fiant circum idem ſubiectum. </s> <s>Ita rarius & denſius in cęlo ſunt, ſed in diuerſis <lb></lb>partibus, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ex contrariis non exiſtunt. </s> <s>Prætereà notatum eſt ex Alexandro quem quoque <lb></lb>Simplicius eſt ſecutus, eſſe aliud genus intentionis & remiſsionis quod eſt ex humilitate naturę, <lb></lb>quemadmodum in iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, vbi rei natura numeris ſibi quidem conuenientibus ab<lb></lb>ſoluta eſt, nihilominus vniuerſam amplitudinem primi participati non complectitur. </s> <s>quemad<lb></lb>modum quantum quod eſt in ſuo genere perfectum, non tamen in eorum genere quæ ſunt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>declinat tantiſper à perfectione ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Hîc item & plus & minus ex <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> admixtio<lb></lb>ne non fiunt, & hoc accommodatur ad ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Quapropter ſubſtantia magis minuſúe di<lb></lb>citur, vt ſenſilis, magis quàm vniuerſalis, & ſpecies magis quàm genus. </s> <s>Ob <expan abbr="eamq.">eamque</expan> rem dicebat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1325"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Alexander, etiamſi qualitates vtræque ſummæ non ſint in pluribus elementis, ex <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> ta<lb></lb>men admixtione tales non eſſe. </s> <s>Motus autem ibi eſt, vbi magis & minus ſunt ex mixtura con<lb></lb>trarij, & vbi talis mixtura plus & minus facit, ibi eſt motus: non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vbi plus & minus, ibi mixtu<lb></lb>ra contrariorum & motus. </s> <s>De illa igitur intentione cùm verba faciat Ariſtoteles quæ naſcitur <lb></lb>ex miſcella contrariorum, & vbi non varietur eſſentia, <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> quòd illud plus & minus non per<lb></lb>tinet ad ſubſtantiam, neque ex eo motus affinis eſt ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Quamobrem ad formam argu<lb></lb>menti. </s> <s>Vbi contraria, ibi magis & minus. </s> <s>In ſubſtantia contraria. </s> <s>Ergo plus & minus. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>poſitio falſa eſt, probatio quoque fallax. </s> <s>Omne plus & minus ex admixtione contrariorum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque enim eſt vniuersè vera, cùm plus & minus ſint diuerſi ordinis, & tum ita fiunt, vbi eadem <lb></lb>forma conſeruetur, & circum idem ſubiectum, nec ſit inæqualis participatio naturæ cuiuſdam, <lb></lb>quæ omnia ſecus ſe habent in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Sed hæc ſatis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1322"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1323"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1324"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1325"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De naturæ progreſſu vbi poteſtas cum actu commutatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1326"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1326"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAE nos anteà conſtituimus, illò pertinuerunt, vt intelligeretur in ſubſtantiæ generatione <lb></lb>tempus inſumi propter repugnantiam quæ ex diuerſis formis exiſtit, & varios formarum <lb></lb>gradus qui inter ſe ſubiiciuntur quorum beneficio materia ſic proficit in actu, vt paullatim amit<lb></lb>tat poteſtatem quam habebat ad formam ſuccedentem, donec omnis extincta fuerit, & conuerſa <lb></lb>in actum acceſſu formæ, quo facto generatio completa eſt. </s> <s>contrarius curſus à materia tenetur, <lb></lb>vbi tendat ad interitum. </s> <s>nanque ab actu remigrat ſenſim ad poteſtatem. </s> <s>Sed cùm vtrobique <lb></lb>priuatio ſit comes poteſtatis, nil aliud ſibi volet extingui aut recuperari poteſtatem, quàm aut <lb></lb>deleri priuationem, aut iterum poni. </s> <s>Cùm verò hæc omnia fundetur contrariis, nil erit aliud <lb></lb>ortus & interitus, quàm extinctio & recuperatio formæ contrariæ. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt alterius <lb></lb>ortus pari gradu cum interitu contrarij ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> vſque procedat. </s> <s>Quamobrem materiæ pro<lb></lb>ceſſus, <expan abbr="ſiquãdo">ſiquando</expan> contrario motu prius moueatur, quàm agatur à forma, nil aliud erit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>, quàm <lb></lb>concitari ad contrarium, neque ſit materiam verſus progredi, vt actus non ſit ſuperſtes, cuius rei <lb></lb>faciem verba primo adſpectu afferunt. </s> <s>Neque enim poteſtas ab actu vnquàm reapſe ſegregari <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa eſt viciſsitudinis contrariorum in eadem materia. </s> <s>Hic eſt igitur perpetuus <arrow.to.target n="marg1327"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiæ curſus ad formam & à forma, atque ille quidem prorſus ſecundùm naturam, qui eſt ad <lb></lb>formam. </s> <s>Nanque ex illa eſt eſſe: id verò omnium optatiſsimum, & quò diuturnius, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>optatius, modo natura ſuſtineat. </s> <s>Sed ſi calidum & frigidum formæ ſunt, vt nos arbitramur, & <lb></lb>ad calidum & ad frigidum curſus erit naturalis. </s> <s>Num igitur natura pari gradu reſpicit contra<lb></lb>ria? </s> <s>nequaquam niſi habilitatem &, vt ſic dixerim, captum ipſius obſerues, <expan abbr="vtrorunq.">vtrorunque</expan> enim pa<lb></lb>riter capax eſt: verùm non pari ratione ab vtroque perficitur, quod vnum potiſsimè ſpectat ipſa <lb></lb>natura. </s> <s>Proinde ea non hic tibi ſeruandus in progreſſu naturæ proponitur, vt in præſtantiſsi<lb></lb>mum natura contendat. </s> <s>Cùm igitur actus qui poſitiuè opponuntur ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="veteribuſq́">veteribuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>philoſophis vno omnium conſenſu diſtribuantur in perfectos & imperfectos, plus & minus; & <lb></lb>perfecti <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vt entia reputentur, imperfecti verò vt priuatione. </s> <s>quemadmodum eſſe eſt à for<lb></lb>ma, non eſſe verò à materia, ſic alterum ex oppoſitis quod perfectius eſt, formæ tribuetur imper<lb></lb>fectius autem proprium materiæ cenſebitur. </s> <s>Itaque tum fuerit verè tendere ad formam, ſicuti <lb></lb>ad perfectius è contrariis natura concitetur, vbi ad <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> natura propendeat, hoc erit tendere <lb></lb>ad materiam. </s> <s>Neque id vniuerſi conſtitutionem ſpeculantibus erit creditu difficile. </s> <s>Vnum eſt <lb></lb>enim <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> (id verò nunc, quia cum <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> hominum ſenſu congruit, pro <expan abbr="cõperto">comperto</expan> habeatur) <pb pagenum="182"></pb>à quo permanant vniuerſa bona, his quidem illuſtrius, illis autem obſcurius, quod ſummè expe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1328"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tendum eſt, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>huc omnia ſeſe conuertunt. </s> <s>Ex eo proxime forma & actus exiſtit, & quo vi<lb></lb>cinior, eò perfectior: cętera quaſi non habeant, ab illo impetrant: Et quò magis igitur ad perfe<lb></lb>ctius aſpirant, eò magis naturæ ordinem retinebunt: ordo autem maximè ſecundum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Pone ergo tu duo principia in natura ab vno illo primo pendentia quæ longiſsimo interuallo <lb></lb>diſiuncta ſunt, materiam .ſ. </s> <s>& formam. </s> <s>Habent vtręque propria; conſequentia, ſiue adnexa <lb></lb>quibus cum maximè congruunt, & optimè conſiſtunt, <expan abbr="ſeq́">ſeque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſa tuentur, vt locum, temperiem, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cęteraq́">cęteraque</expan>. </s> <s>huiuſmodi complura. </s> <s>Habent & id vt vtræque ſui ipſarum ſalutem expetant, & hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>cuique natiuum & inſitum eſt. </s> <s>renituntur certè & licet ea victoria maximè ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>ſit, & ſimpliciter, qua ſuperior abit forma, tamen quòd neque omnino præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt victoria <lb></lb>materiæ: quoniam formæ ſalus eſt etiam communiter ſalus materiæ, ſed materiæ ſalus ſuaipſius <lb></lb>propria eſt, etiam quòd tendat natura à contrario perfecto ad imperfectum, eſt quoquo modo <lb></lb>ſecundum naturam. </s> <s>Hinc oritur in ipſa tranſmutatione reſiſtentia & ob eam rem ſucceſsio & <lb></lb>tempus. </s> <s>Nam cùm ab initio quæque mutatio cum interitu obeatur, eum declinante natura, <lb></lb>quantum poteſt, quoad licet, ſuapte natura reclamant: itaque cùm ſeſe expedire poſſunt ex vſu <lb></lb>capione formæ, in ſuum cuiuſque proprium, ac priſtinum ſtatum libentiſsimè reuertuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1329"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Et talis eſt hic curſus, qualem deſcripſit nobis aliquando ſapientiſsimus ille vates grauiſsimo <lb></lb>carmine, & elegantiſsimo ſimili confirmauit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1327"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1328"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1329"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Sic omnia fatis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>In peius ruere & retrò ſublapſa referri</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Non aliter quam qui aduerſo vix flumine lembum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Remigiis ſubigit: ſi bracchia fortè remiſit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Atque illum in pręceps prono rapit alueus amne<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sed cùm aliunde bonum exiſtat, plus retrahit infinitas & <expan abbr="cõtumacia">contumacia</expan> materiæ, quàm promoueat <lb></lb>efficacitas formæ. </s> <s>Nam, quemadmodum puluis qui attollitur à vento, demum delabitur in ter<lb></lb>ram, vnde ſublatus eſt; ſic res à materia deductæ in formam, ad extremum in materiam ex qua <lb></lb>conſtitutę fuere, diſſoluuntur. </s> <s>Quamobrem omnia orta occidant, & aucta conſeneſcunt. </s> <s>Itaque <lb></lb>in materiam, hoc eſt in ſtatum imperfectiorem quem alterum oppoſitum affert ad extremum <lb></lb>remigrant. </s> <s>Atque hic quidem eſt verus & fixus naturæ progreſſus, hunc eundem alia, quo ad <lb></lb>poſſunt, imitantur. </s> <s>Nanque euenit ſæpe, vt cum iam materia ceſsit in dominium formæ, & ad<lb></lb>huc viget eius imperium, forma item afficiatur, & eadem quoque ab hoſte afflicta vim affligen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1330"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis excutiat, & quod illi aduentitium eſt & externum, deponat, <expan abbr="propereq́">propereque</expan>. </s> <s>morem antiquum re<lb></lb>cuperet eundem curſum tenens ac materia. </s> <s>quanquàm obtinet materia demum, vt, quantunuis <lb></lb>potior natura laboret, deterior tamen temporis ſucceſſu dominetur. </s> <s>Pete exemplum à vapore <lb></lb>qui propter materiam frigidus eſt, calidus verò propter formam. </s> <s>Finge tu nunc vaporem affici <lb></lb>à frigore, quia calorem tantiſper imbibit, frigus quaſi externum eſt. </s> <s>proinde, niſi ſuperet frigus, <lb></lb>ipſum reſpuit, & rurſus incaleſcit, quaſi in formam ſuam connitens. </s> <s>Sed cùm frigus illi natiuum <lb></lb>ſit pro natura materiæ, tandem exuit calorem, & paruo negocio conuertitur in imbrem. </s> <s>Ita fit, <lb></lb>vt obtinentibus materiæ conditionibus, & patibilibus principiis intereat compoſitum, materia re<lb></lb>ſurgat, & ſingula demum reſoluantur, elementa perfectiora in imperfectiora, velut in materiam, <lb></lb>per interitum ſimplicem, mixta verò per putredinem & reſolutionem quę cęteroquin à generan<lb></lb>te conditiones formę conſecuta fuerant, veluti vapor qui à generante leuitatem impetrauit, cùm <lb></lb>tamen propter materiam grauis exiſtat. </s> <s>Quamobrem facilè videre potes, quemadmodum alte<lb></lb>rum è contrariis quod eſt imperfectius cum materia congruat, eiuſque ſit ita affine, atque adeò <lb></lb>præpotens, vt materiam vendicet à ſeruitute formæ; magis enim illi natiuum eſt, quàm id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1331"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt perfectius. </s> <s>ſiquidem perfectius, cum propinquius pendeat à primo quod ſeparatum eſt, ma<lb></lb>gis diſiunctum, atque alienum videtur. </s> <s>quapropter etiam minus poteſt ad extremum, inſito & <lb></lb>natiuo perpetuò ſuperante. </s> <s>Hæc igitur eſt radix vniuerſæ pugnæ in natura, & omnis ſucceſsio<lb></lb>nis cùm in formis, tùm etiam in tempore, ſiue in accidentium productione, ſiue etiam in ortu <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1330"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1331"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Pro iis qui prima contraria in natura priuatiuè opponi defendunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NON deſunt, vt diximus, aliqui qui prima contraria non quidem poſitiuè, ſed priuatiuè op<lb></lb>poni credant, ſiue forma & priuatio prima rerum principia ponantur, ſeu ſpeciatim calor <lb></lb>& frigus in primorum corporum mutatione Ariſtotelis auctoritate commoti qui prima rerum <lb></lb>omnium generalia principia <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſtatuat & priuationem & 1. Meteor. </s> <s>frigus ex abſentia lumi<lb></lb>nis exoriri doceat, ex quo prima corpora vel conſtituantur, vel ſaltem forma deſcribatur, quæ <lb></lb>verè pręeſſet elemento quòd ſit. </s> <s>Verùm quia nos priuationem & formam, non re, ſed ſecundum <pb pagenum="183"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1332"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rationem & mentem priora eſſe cenſemus, & quæ in alia longè priora ſecundum naturam & ſpe<lb></lb>cialia reſolui poſsint: ſunt enim de genere communium ad vnum: de primis oppoſitis in natu<lb></lb>ra ſecundum rem verba faciamus, ea verò ſunt oppoſita prima in elementis, aut calor & frigus, <lb></lb>aut eiuſmodi principia, ex quibus hæc tanquam propria naſcantur, & illud nunc agamus, quem<lb></lb>admodum ab eo genere oppoſitionis ſucceſsio proficiſci queat. </s> <s>Nam difficile videtur ob mul<lb></lb>ta incommoda quæ hoc placitum conſequuntur, de quibus mox eſt dicendum. </s> <s>Et nobis qui<lb></lb>dem, qui redire ad materiam, non ſimpliciter accipimus, ita redire ad poteſtatem, vt funditùs om<lb></lb>nis actus amittatur, ſed redire ad poteſtatem, quia ſolùm præſens intereat, & remaneat pura po<lb></lb>teſtas quæ fundatur oppoſito, vt in abſoluta ſiccitate poteſtas abſoluta ad humorem, accidit, vt <lb></lb>dum dicitur redigi res ad materiam, ſit, cùm materia contrarium imperfectius accipit, quod ſuæ <lb></lb>ipſius naturæ conuenit, & cùm ſit vtrobique proceſſus ab actu & ad actum, ſed nunc quidem ab <lb></lb>imperfecto ad perfectum, mox à perfecto ad imperfectum, & pugnam & partes in materia, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb></lb>inde tempus ponere ſuccedit. </s> <s>Verùm fac modò tu puram priuationem, vnde hæc in generatio<lb></lb>ne ſubſtantię? </s> <s>aut igitur nullum in ea tempus, aut non ſola priuatio primam <expan abbr="oppoſitionẽ">oppoſitionem</expan> conſti<lb></lb>tuit in natura. </s> <s>Proinde ita illis fingenda eſt in materia nuda facultas, qua ſe omni forma ſpo<lb></lb>liatam eſſe contendat, dum ſtatum ſuum proprium affectat, & faciendum eſt, vt quod nos con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1333"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trariorum beneficio tribuimus, ſoli materiæ per ſeipſam tribuatur, & propenſioni materiæ quæ <lb></lb>ex toto formæ aduerſatur, danda eſt vniuerſa repugnantia quæ in interitu & ortu perſpicitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc ſic decernendum illis eſt. </s> <s>Nos ſanè qui materiæ ſolùm poteſtatis ingenium concedimus, po<lb></lb>teſtas autem eſt non ens, id verò quod non eſt, quatenus non eſt, non appetitur, ſed actus appeti<lb></lb>tur, appetit poteſtas, vt colligitur ex Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> probabilius eſſe putamus, ſi actus item adiun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1334"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gatur ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in quacunque mutatione, ad quem eius appetitu ducta quandoque recurrat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm fac ita eſſe prima oppoſita, pone appetitum in materia ad eſſe ſui proprium ſtatus priua<lb></lb>tionem propriam eſſe materiæ. </s> <s>hæc tibi diluënda ſunt. </s> <s>Nam priuatio cuiuſpiam rei forma po<lb></lb>natur neceſſe eſt, vt terræ frigus. </s> <s>Itaque cùm frigus & ariditas materiam conſequantur, & hæc <lb></lb>terram efficiant. </s> <s>Ergo terra eſt ipſamet materia. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi vnum ex his materiæ proprium <lb></lb>conſtituitur, quo pacto dicitur materia eſſe vtraque poteſtate? </s> <s>Tum etiam quemadmodum <lb></lb>corrupto iſto quod materiæ proprium eſt, materia conſeruabitur. </s> <s>Vltimò, ſi pugna inter mate<lb></lb>riam & formam eſt cauſſa reſiſtentiæ & ſucceſsionis, cur etiam in mutationibus quæ perficiunt, <lb></lb>cum priuatio propria fit materiæ, habitus autem formæ, vt tenebrę & lumen; ibi quoque reſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1335"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtentia non erit, neque tempus? </s> <s>hoc autem eò pertinet, vt intelligamus, ſi priuatiuè opponuntur <lb></lb>formæ naturales, cur materiæ puncto temporis non adueniant, ſed tempore producantur, ſi illa <lb></lb>placent quę ſuprà de ſubſtantiarum ſucceſsione diſputauimus. </s> <s>Hæc ſi cum ſuperiore quęſtione <lb></lb>conſentire debeant, poſtulant, vt actum diſtinguamus & latius patere doceamus, quàm vulgò <lb></lb>cenſeatur. </s> <s>Nanque actus eius eſſe dicitur, quod per ſe conſiſtere poteſt; neque ita, quia ſit quic<lb></lb>quam alterius, in quo differt à poteſtate & priuatione: quandò id quod hæ ſunt, ſemper actum <lb></lb>reſpiciunt. </s> <s>aut, ſi fortè actus ille reſpicit aliud, hoc contingit ſecundum formam, vt cùm dicitur <lb></lb>album nigro eſſe contrarium, vt ſi dicatur actus alicuius poteſtatis. </s> <s>Funditur item actus ad pri<lb></lb>uationem, vt ſi prædicetur actus de tenebris: ſignificat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> præſentiam rei cuiuſpiam, quæcunque <lb></lb>illa ſit, ita vt dici verè poſsit. </s> <s>hoc eſſe nunc, ſiue ens, ſeu non ens, qui ſanè actus nihil addit ſubie<lb></lb>cto, niſi id ſolùm quod notat vnà. </s> <s>quamobrem per ſe & formaliter nihil eſt, ſed explicatur vt ab<lb></lb>ſentiæ formæ tantummodò. </s> <s>Vt igitur priuatio eſt actus ex actu & eſſe: ſic quoque ex priuatio<lb></lb>ne erit eſſe & priuatio forma in iis quorum eſſe certa priuatione terminatur, cuiuſmodi nunc <lb></lb>ponitur terra. </s> <s>Quòd ſi actum quempiam priuationi ſubiici velis, vt nos anteà decreuimus, cuius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1336"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtatus certa perfectioris formæ ſignificatione notetur, accipe <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> illam corporis formam, <lb></lb>cùm terminos ex toto conſecuta ſit, aut mox <expan abbr="cõſecutura">conſecutura</expan>, in quo corporis natura conſiſtit. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>te deterreat, quominus ita decernas, quia tantum abſit, vt corpus ſit natura prius quam elemen<lb></lb>tum, & calor & frigus, vt ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> natura poſterius, quòd omne eſſe ſit à primo, & eſſe eorum quæ <lb></lb>intra ambitum cęli continentur, ſit à cęlo per calorem & frigus, itaque & hæc priora natura: <lb></lb>quandoquidem multa ſunt quæ ſcrupulum hunc ex animo tibi euellere queant. </s> <s>Primùm, quia <lb></lb>calor & frigus nonmodò vim habent conſtituendi, ſed etiam ſunt inſtrumenta cęli quibus alias <lb></lb>virtutes elargitur. </s> <s>Deinde, etiam ſi ſint inſtrumenta, non ſunt vniuerſalia <expan abbr="medioq́">medioque</expan>. </s> <s>vacantia, <lb></lb>ſed adhuc pendent ab aliis principiis longè prioribus & <expan abbr="cõmunioribus">communioribus</expan> quę ſunt lumen & motus, <lb></lb>quorum beneficio vis diuina per vniuerſum diffunditur, cuius inopia pro ſuo cuiuſque captu nil <lb></lb>patitur laborare natura illi bonitatem <expan abbr="eſſentiamq́">eſſentiamque</expan>. </s> <s>contribuens. </s> <s>In his igitur nil prohibet eſſe <lb></lb>alias vires, omni caloris frigoriſúe opera circunſcripta, vt puta rationem corporis, lucidi pelluci<lb></lb>di, quandò priuſquam ſit calor ex lumine & motu neceſſe ſit præſtò eſſe quod moueatur & acci<lb></lb>piat lumen. </s> <s>Tertiò, quia tametſi calor <expan abbr="frigusq́">frigusque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtituunt, non id ſimpliciter faciunt, ſed præ<lb></lb>finitos terminos requirunt, quid igitur vetat, quo minus, antequàm ad eos gradus deducta ſint, <pb pagenum="184"></pb>afferant item formas imperfectiores? </s> <s>inſtrumenta enim ſunt, quibus agere aliquid etiam vltra <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1337"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proprias vires non diſconuenit. </s> <s>Ergo cùm ſint inſtrumenta, non ſemper agant, vt conſtituentia, <lb></lb>non ſint prima & vniuerſalia, nec ſemper ſit abſoluta, non neceſſariò id efficitur, quod oppone<lb></lb>batur, nempe, vt natura præcedant formæ corporis, ſiquis eam defendere velit. </s> <s>Hac poſita liquet, <lb></lb>quemadmodum materia ſeparetur à terra, eſt enim terra actu quippiam, cùm materia ſit omnia <lb></lb>poteſtate. </s> <s>Sed adiuuemus etiam cauſſam <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> poſſumus, ac <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> corporis hîc reiiciamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita ergo terram fingamus, vt quanuis actu ſit, & materiæ conditioneis acceperit, & denique nihil <lb></lb>reapſe diſtet à materia; tamen, quia mens noſtra in ea priuationem cęterarum formarum intuea<lb></lb>tur, ex huiuſmodi generali priuatione certum quendam actum eius ſubſtantię <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> concipiat <lb></lb>quo ſeparetur à cęteris, & ita portionem illam materiæ conſpiciens quæ grauiſsima eſt, frigidiſ<lb></lb>ſima, <expan abbr="itemq́">itemque</expan>. </s> <s>aridiſsima, per taleis differentias hoc aliquid conſtituat, quod terram vocamus, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <lb></lb>reſpiciat, ſit'ne ea res alterius formæ <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, aut aliud quid eſſe poſsit, ſed illud ſolum, quòd <lb></lb>aliquid exiſtat à cęteris corporibus ſeparatum, ac ſenſilibus quibuſdam differentiis præditum, <lb></lb>ſiue illæ differentiæ per ſe ſentiantur, ſeu per accidens, ſiuè poſitiuè, ſeu priuatiuè. </s> <s>At materiæ no<lb></lb>tio non ex eiuſmodi attributis excipitur, ſed ex eo, quòd reſpiciat aliam formam, & habeat adne<lb></lb>xam potentiam alterius oppoſiti, & ſubiecti <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> teneat, quod cùm aliena forma veſtiatur, non <lb></lb>fit hoc aliquid per ſe. </s> <s>Quamobrem, cùm illud ex quo terra conſtabat, cum alio commutari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1338"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cernatur, retineri verò materiæ poteſtas & ratio ſubiecti in omni mutatione: ex hoc efficitur, vt <lb></lb>terra corrumpatur, nec ſit amplius idem indiuiduum, quod anteà fuerat, materia ſuperſtes ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam, quod de virtute illa prædicatur quæ vſque ad terræ centrum delabitur, verè ſanè dictum <lb></lb>videri poſsit, ſed minus appoſitè: quandò ita affici terram, eſt eius ſtatum in meliorem mutare, <lb></lb>non veterem retinere. </s> <s>Prætereà definire terram per illa contraria, per quæ definitur, non eſſet <lb></lb>explicare eius eſſentiam, ſed partem atque illam præcipuam prætermittere, nam ſic ſolum diffe<lb></lb>rentiæ caperentur quæ originem trahunt à materia quæ à ſuperiore principio deriuantur, & for<lb></lb>mam reſpiciunt, quæ potiſsima pars eſt eſſentiæ, negligerentur. </s> <s>Etenim ſiccitas & frigus mate<lb></lb>riæ ſunt, vſque adeò, vt cum ipſa perpetuò conſiſtant, vt etiam, dum factus eſt ignis, eadem in ma<lb></lb>teria, vel etiam Ariſtotele ipſo auctore conſeruentur: ac, ſi non actu retineantur, propterea quòd <lb></lb>à contrario vincuntur; attamen cuſtodiatur habitus, & actus ipſe temporis proceſſu redeat. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́ue">Ideoque</expan> (vt veniam ad ſecundum) materia dicitur habere poteſtatem ad vtraque contraria. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec ob id adeſt repugnantia. </s> <s>quandò duo quidem actus repugnent, vnius verò habitus & alte<lb></lb>rius actus haud quaquam: veluti quòd impurus leno in quapiam fœmina ſit temperans. </s> <s>Non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1339"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obſtat etiam illud, quòd vnum è contrariis ſit eius <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, quia materies habet affinitatem cum <lb></lb>forma, neque ſolùm ſuamipſius propriam ſalutem expetit, ſed in præſtantius <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> principium <lb></lb>tendit ſecundum naturam duplici propenſione pollens, altera quidem quæ inſtituitur ad aliud, <lb></lb>nempè ad formam, atque altera, cuius beneficio relabitur in proprium ſtatum. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ali<lb></lb>qua ex parte labefactetur ipſius ingenium nouæ formæ præſentia, quaſi propriam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> exuit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ob eam rem apparet in materia poteſtas ad illam, & quoniam ipſa <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex priuatione formæ <lb></lb>præſentis quam expetit, vt ſeipſam naturæ ordine tueatur; ideò poteſtatem habet ad alterum è <lb></lb>contrariis, quod ineſt ipſi ex propria natura, reliquerat autem, dum tranſmutaretur in melius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque tamen, quanuis illi foret naturale, quicquam proptereà detrimenti ſubſtantia ceperat: <lb></lb>virtus enim ipſa remanſit, & quod immutatum eſt, ab ea ratione & eſſentia diſtinguebatur, nimi<lb></lb>rum vt actus & habitus, vt in ſubiecto mouens & poteſtate ad aliud, nihilominus, quia <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>naturam inſederat, ad ipſum ſponte reuertebatur, & quandocunque à potiore principio ſupera<lb></lb>ta non eſſet. </s> <s>Atque ita tollitur tertia difficultas. </s> <s>Cęterùm hoc accidit in primis materiæ tranſ<lb></lb>mutationibus & primas illas formas attingit, quæ ſunt <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan>. </s> <s>nanque in cęteris adeſt ſem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1340"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per actus quidam vltimus & perfectus quibus priuatio certa, & perinde certa propenſio comita<lb></lb>tur & habilitas quæ proxima eſt cauſſa mutationis, & cum actu illo cui adnexa eſt, amittitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inde eſt, vt commutatio inter primas <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> formas intercedat, quia .ſ. </s> <s>materies <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> <lb></lb>ad vtraſque conſeruet, inter cęteras autem minimè, ſiquidem vnà cum actu pereat habilitas. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed hiſce tranſmutationibus atque <expan abbr="perficiẽtibus">perficientibus</expan> (id quod quarto loco dubitabatur) hoc intereſt, <lb></lb>quòd aliud eſt illud materiæ genus, & formæ renititur, & retro, quantum poteſt, refertur. </s> <s>At con<lb></lb>ditiones ſubiecti circum quod fit tranſmutatio perficiens, nihil omnino repugnant formę, neque <lb></lb>ipſam quaſi retrahunt ad antiquum ingenium & forma ipſa ſemper ab externo pendet, nec inſi<lb></lb>nuatur in materiam, & quodammodo imbibitur, & quemadmodum nos in <expan abbr="corrumpẽtibus">corrumpentibus</expan> ipſis <lb></lb>perſpicimus: nam, dum pendent adhuc ab efficiente, nec factæ ſunt naturales, vt paſsiones, faci<lb></lb>lè abolentur, ſic hæ, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus inſitæ ſint, & abſunt in inſtanti. </s> <s>In corrumpentibus contrà <lb></lb>materia formæ reluctatur, dum tueri ſeipſam ſtudet, hoc autem formam deſerendo contingit, & <lb></lb>intrinſecùs ad id properat, quæ alioqui formam ab externo quaſi victa conſequitur, tametſi pro<lb></lb>pter potentiæ mutationem imbibita eſt & inſedit intrinſecùs. </s> <s>Et quia plus valet internum, & <pb pagenum="185"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1341"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimul extrinſeco renititur, & tandem exuit formam. </s> <s>Hinc illa ſucceſsio & mora in productio<lb></lb>ne ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Ex his collige nunc duplex genus priuationum: nam ponunt quædam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſolam, atque illam quidem, licet per ſe maneat, tamen aliquid extrinſecus appetentem, vt eo per <lb></lb>ſe finiatur, perficiatur, & in eo quieſcat, niſi fuerit impedita. </s> <s>Priuationes aliæ ſunt, aut certi <lb></lb>quidam actus, aut ipſos certè conſequuntur, & ad eos materia quaſi recurrit, vt tum ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam ſe habere videatur, quando illos recuperarit, nec vlterius ipſa ſponte ſua procedit, reli<lb></lb>quis proprius eius appetitus non terminatur, ſed flagitat aſsiduè quippiam, à quo ſuſcitetur, & <lb></lb>potiore oblato quaſi diſtrahatur à ſua natura. </s> <s>Ab illis denuò circulus exoritur qui completur <lb></lb>ex duobus progreſsibus primo quidem qui eſt ad formam, altero verò qui eſt ad materiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic in elementis per varios naturæ curſus & organorum conſtitutione eſt progreſſus ad animal, <lb></lb>& per eorundem diſſolutiones eſt reditus ab animali ad elementa: rurſus per conſimiles, & quo<lb></lb>dammodo rediuiuas motiones ab elementis reditur ad animal. </s> <s>Quòd ſi rurſus opponas, quo'<lb></lb>nam habilitas iſta fundetur, an materia ſimpliciter, an etiam actu illo materiæ à quo ipſam infor<lb></lb>mari diximus, vnde prima illa corpora extiterunt. </s> <s>nam ſi materia fundatur, ergo materia per ſe <lb></lb>formata erit, non autem informis. </s> <s>Etenim eſto quòd habilitas ad omne rerum genus materiæ <lb></lb>concedatur, hæc non eſt huiuſmodi, ſed ad perfectiores formas, & certa igitur; atqui certa non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1342"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niſi ex actu certo erumpet, ſi verò actu qui ſit à materia diuerſus, ſequetur plures formas oppo<lb></lb>ſitas vnà manere poſſe, nec formam pręcedentem acceſſu nouæ collapſuram. </s> <s>Dicimus enim <lb></lb>pro his materia ſola fundari, quia ſint materiæ conditiones, ſed formas eſſe, non ſanè materiæ, <lb></lb>vetùm terræ. </s> <s>Et cùm materiæ vis ſit duplex, vna quæ ſuiipſius ſalutem reſpicit; altera qua niti<lb></lb>tur in formam præſtantiorem: per id quod familiare & internum eſt, terra quidem eſt, per habi<lb></lb>litatem, ad externum eſt materia: ſic efficitur, vt materia per ſe ſit informis, atque idonea ſuſci<lb></lb>pere alias formas per quas cętera corpora <expan abbr="cõſtituuntur">conſtituuntur</expan>, neque remaneat forma vetus, quòd actus <lb></lb>ille extinguatur per quem eſt terra, & quo contenta erat priuſquam ab agente oppoſito mutare<lb></lb>tur, neque enim amplius aliis formis ſuperuenientibus eſt terra, ſed planè materia, Nanque ſo<lb></lb>lùm ſuperſtes eſt habilitas (iam enim ſic <foreign lang="grc">ἐπιτηδειότητα</foreign> verto) quæ eſt natura & eſſentia mate<lb></lb>riæ, neque repugnat formæ futurę, quandò etiam ea præſente conſeruantur materiæ vires, quate<lb></lb>nus eſt materia. </s> <s>Ita igitur actus ille per quem eſt terra, non manet: manet autem habilitas ma<lb></lb>teriæ quæ fit nouum hoc aliquid propter actum extrinſecus accedentem, etſi ita accipiatur actus <lb></lb>& principium per quod eſt aliquid, <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> ab aliis corporibus cum habilitate ad alias formas, <lb></lb>etiam priuatio ſemper cum actu conſiſtit. </s> <s>Proinde ſic accipiemus, vbi dicitur priuationem actu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1343"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fundari, vel quòd alia forma ſubiiciatur, vel aliquid ipſi reſpondens, vnde exiſtat hoc aliquid, <lb></lb>quomodocunque ſe habeat. </s> <s>Itaque hoc modo propoſitas difficultates euertere licebit, ſi defen<lb></lb>dere libeat frigus eſſe priuationem. </s> <s>quod non planè videtur abhorrere ab Ariſtotele, ſi ea quæ de <lb></lb>ſublimium rerum primordiis ſcripſit, diligentius tractes, & quod fortè natura non præſtat, ſi <lb></lb>mente velis rerum naturalium mutationes in extrema vſque elementa reſoluere. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>etiam atque etiam te hæc diligenter obſeruare iubeo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1332"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1333"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1334"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 81.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1335"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1336"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1337"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1338"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1339"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1340"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1341"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1342"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1343"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>quod' nam propriè generetur & quid alij cenſuerint. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò cùm generatio ſit ſubſtantię: ſubſtantia verò triplex, materia videlicet forma, & <expan abbr="cõ-poſitum">con<lb></lb>poſitum</expan>, quo pacto ſe habet ad omnem ſubſtantiæ partem ipſa generatio? </s> <s>Porrò quan<lb></lb>uis hæc quæſtio videatur eius eſſe loci quo de generatione ſingillatim verba facturi ſumus: quia <lb></lb>tamen poteſt complecti generatim quancunque tranſmutationem, quandò è tribus eiſdem ana<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1344"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>logicè principiis quælibet mutatio conſtat, idcirco etiam viſum nobis eſt rem hanc inter commu<lb></lb>nia theoremata motus pertractare. </s> <s>Cęterùm rationes & loca quædam Ariſtotelica perſuadent <lb></lb>à generatione quomodocunque denominari omnem ſubſtantiæ partem: nam de materia & com<lb></lb>poſito ſatis apertum eſt ex Ariſtotele cùm alterum appellet <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>fiens; alterum verò <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ὃγινεται</foreign> .i. </s> <s>quod fit primo illo nomine ſignificans illud quod aliter nuncupamus <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> à quo, <lb></lb>quod ſanè alteram naturam aſſumit per tranſmutationem, & in ſe <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> priuationem (ita enim <lb></lb>ſemper nos priuationem referimus ad partem termini à quo, natura optante res eſſe quod aſſe<lb></lb>quitur per generationem) hoc autem eſt materia, aut quod rationem materiæ continet, atque <lb></lb>materia quidem in generatione ſubſtantię: quoniam huius ſolius ſubiectum eſt potentia dunta<lb></lb>xat: aliarum verò mutationum ipſa ſubſtantia compoſita, quoniam accidentia non ſeparantur <lb></lb>à ſubſtantia quæ ſit actu, & omnino quodcunque nomine ſubiecti exprimitur, cuius hę ſolent <lb></lb>eſſe conditiones, vt tranſmutetur recipiens <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> formam, proptereà ſemper in potentia, & quia <lb></lb>nulli oppoſitum in omni tranſmutatione ſit ſuperſtes. </s> <s>Quanquam verò etiam mutatio ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ compoſito fundari videtur, ſiquidem ignis eſt, qui conuertitur in aërem, at noſce id non eſſe <lb></lb>per ſe primò; verùm, quia continet in ſe materiam quæ primum eſt tranſmutationis ſubiectum, <pb pagenum="186"></pb>& <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ, cùm ſit altera pars oppoſitionis, eſt ratio per quam materia ſic mutatur, vt non ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1345"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ter mutari poſsit. </s> <s>Itaque non remanet tota ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Secus in accidente. </s> <s>Quocirca ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia compoſita ſubiectum eſt accidentis. </s> <s>Verum neque aliter ſubſtantia compoſita ſubiectum <lb></lb>eſt, quàm vt accipiens. </s> <s>neque enim perficitur acceſſu noui accidentis; quinimo per ſubiectum <lb></lb>eiuſmodi perficitur accidens. </s> <s>Niſi quòd etiam hoc ſubiectum è materia conſtat quæ per ſe po<lb></lb>tentia eſt hoc aliquid, hoc quantum, & hoc quale: item potentiam ad accidens ad ſubſtantiam <lb></lb>compoſitam transferamus. </s> <s>Quod autem fit compoſitum, in quod euadit illud quod anteà mu<lb></lb>tabatur. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò hæc omnia melius intelligentur poſthàc, ſufficiat autem nunc, quòd <lb></lb>materiam & compoſitum attingit <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινεσθαι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>fieri. </s> <s>Quod item <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινεσθαι</foreign> & fieri pertineat <lb></lb>ad formam, ratio confirmat: quoniam generatio videtur eorum eſſe quæ contrahunt eſſe, cum <lb></lb>antea non eſſent, huiuſmodi autem eſt forma. </s> <s>Atqui & incontrariam partem dubitari ſolet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tùm quia materia eſt ingenita, tùm etiam quoniam vbi eſt compoſitum, ibi terminus eſt genera<lb></lb>tionis. </s> <s>At terminus generationis non generatur; ergo neque compoſitum. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, <lb></lb>quod fieri & factum eſſe ſunt diſtincta: verùm de compoſito dicitur factum eſſe, itaque non fit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ſanè controuerſia varios exitus inuenit apud philoſophos, concedentibus quibuſdam for<lb></lb>mam generari primò, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>genita fieri compoſitum. </s> <s>nonnullis item diſtinguentibus de modo <lb></lb>quo generatio conueniat materiæ, formæ, & compoſito, ac dicentibus id quod generatur, aut ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1346"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nerari tanquam ſubiectum tranſmutationis, aut veluti terminum eius, ac priore modo <expan abbr="concedũt">concedunt</expan> <lb></lb>generari materiam. </s> <s>poſteriore verò formam & compoſitum. </s> <s>Ne ſit verò idem modus quo ge<lb></lb>neratur forma, & compoſitum, rurſus hunc generationis modum partiuntur, dicentes compo<lb></lb>ſitum generari, vt quod, formam verò, vt quo; illud quidem, vtpote cuius gratia ſit omnis gene<lb></lb>ratio. </s> <s>generatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod generatur, vt ſit compoſitum; hæc autem, quia generatio per ipſam <lb></lb>fiat. </s> <s>niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accedat materiæ forma, non fiat compoſitum. </s> <s>Calaber autem adſcripſit vniuerſam <lb></lb>rationem generationis ipſi materiæ. </s> <s>Neque defuerunt qui dicerent eſſe aliquem actum mate<lb></lb>riæ proprium qui per generationem pararetur. </s> <s>Certè ſi generari propriè duo poſtulat: primum, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt ſit poſt generationem, deinde vt requirat aliquid ſui, quod præcedat; hoc autem eſt mate<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1347"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ries & forma: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fiunt hæc, cùm materia ſit auctore Philoſopho, ingenita & incorrupta; <lb></lb>forma verò ſimpliciter antecedat in efficiente, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> neque forma, neque materia ſunt hiſce <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1348"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conditionibus prædita, fit, vt propriè non generentur, ſed ſi fortè, communiter. </s> <s>Neque id mihi <lb></lb>prorſus arridet: generari <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quis enim vendicat ſemen fieri? </s> <s>ſed fit forma in hac materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde dicitur ſemen fieri hominem: addito ſemper eo quod remanet poſt generationem, hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1349"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò cùm ſit compoſitum, propriè fieri dicitur compoſitum. </s> <s>Et ſanè vtraque conditio conue<lb></lb>nit illi, quæ illorum eſt quæ propriè fiunt. </s> <s>præcedente quodam, quod ſit eius pars, nimirum ma<lb></lb>teria & remanente ipſo poſt generationem & forma quæ poſita erat in ſinu efficientis. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>id abſurdiſsimum, eſſe actum quendam materiæ proprium qui per generationem contrahatur: <lb></lb>quo enim pacto poteſt eſſe, ſi extra ipſam eſt, & ſeparari poteſt, cùm accedat extrinſecus veluti <lb></lb>poſteà dicimus? </s> <s>quòd ſi proprius eſt, quia conueniens: quoniam ſcilicet ad illum habeat pro<lb></lb>penſionem, profectò videtur eiuſmodi eſſe forma: ducitur enim illius appetitu, & ipſa infor<lb></lb>matur. </s> <s>quo fit, vt eò redeat quæſtio, vnde ortum initio duxit. </s> <s>Sed illud mihi ſuſpectum, vtrum'<lb></lb>ne verus finis generationis, habendum ſit compoſitum. </s> <s>an potius forma, nanque ea qua teſtatur <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, mihi perſuadent in formam intendere primò naturam, cùm enim cauſſam redderet, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ob quam vis generandi ſibi ſimile viuentibus attributa ſit, <expan abbr="mõſtrat">monſtrat</expan> naturam conſuluiſſe ſpeciei <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1350"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſeruandę: quandò animatum ſit proptrr animum. </s> <s>Quamobrem. </s> <s>ſiquidem vera eſt ea pro<lb></lb>poſitio, propter quod vnumquodque tale eſt, etiam id fore magis tale animus ipſe multo magis <lb></lb>erit, quàm animatum. </s> <s>Vnde etiam legimus Ariſtotelem alentis animi officia numerantem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1351"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſibi ſimilis propagationem maximè naturale poſuiſſe; nouimus autem propagationem ad ſpe<lb></lb>ciei ſalutem fuiſſe inſtitutam. </s> <s>nanque alens facultas ipſa per ſe eſt indiuidui conſeruatrix: quare <lb></lb>ſi eſſet indiuiduum <foreign lang="grc">σκοπιμώταπον</foreign> naturæ <foreign lang="grc">τέλος</foreign>, alens, non gignens eſſet vix maximè naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quin etiam ipſa natura videtur per ſe & primò ſpectare formam, cùm ipſa accedente continuò <lb></lb>ceſſet à motu, vt quaſi materiam illi ſubſtrauerit, quoniam aliter exiſtere non poſsit, atque id iu<lb></lb>re optimo: nanque, vt ſępe dictum eſt, imperfectius ordinatur ad perfectius, & generatio com<lb></lb>poſiti ſe habet veluti conſequens, cùm exiſtat, tum quando forma extitit, & impoſita eſt in mate<lb></lb>ria. </s> <s>Ex quo etiam laudo Zimaram qui inuehitur in Scotum exiſtimantem ad indiuiduum natu<lb></lb>ram primùm intendere, cùm alioquin ipſum ob ſpeciem requiratur & ſpecies propter formam, <lb></lb>quam quoque Themiſtij ſententiam eſſe comperimus. </s> <s><pb pagenum="187"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1352"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1344"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1345"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1346"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1347"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1348"></margin.target>b 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1349"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1350"></margin.target>c 1. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1351"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1352"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne forma compoſito perfectior. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NON poterat hoc mente concipere doctor ille ſubtiliſsimus, quia credidiſſet vniuerſalem for<lb></lb>mam contrahi ad indiuiduum per aliquam eſſentiam indiuidui cuiuſque propriam, & quę <lb></lb>communiores formas veluti materiam terminaret. </s> <s>Neque vidit etiam effici ex hoc, vt indiuidua <lb></lb>ſecum eſſentia differrent. </s> <s>ac ſi materiam ſenſilem quacunque ratione ſeuocaremus ab indiuiduo, <lb></lb>fore vt natura redderetur vniuerſalis, quod etiam latuit Zimaram, qui naturam ſingularem, ſine <lb></lb>materia conſiſtere poſſe cenſuerit, Neque enim aliud eſt è ſingulari efficere vniuerſale, quàm à <lb></lb>materia ſenſili ſegregare formas, & eas ſpectare ſine materia; quanquam omneis huius ſenten<lb></lb>tiæ patronos hoc erroris ſui condemnat, quòd cùm reddere conantur rationem, cur forma quæ <lb></lb>per ſe vniuerſalis eſt, indiuidua fiat, ad efficiens ſignatum, vt aiunt, & ad ſignatam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> con<lb></lb>fugiunt, atque id neceſſario. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma, quæ aut per ſe vniuerſalis eſt, aut potius ab vniuer<lb></lb>ſitate & ſingularitate ſeparatur, intus habet, vnde poſsit eſſe ſingularis. </s> <s>Sed hoc miſſo quod eſt <lb></lb>alterius loci, cùm Ariſtoetlis, & vnà <expan abbr="ſapientiſsimorũ">ſapientiſsimorum</expan> hominum ſententia fuerit formam eſſe pri<lb></lb>mum finem generationis & indiuiduum exiſtere & per formam & propter formam, quaſi natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1353"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra in formam contendens materiam ipſi ſubſtrauerit & ex earum coniunctione produxerit indi<lb></lb>uiduum, & vt pendens à ſuo fine principali. </s> <s>Vnde etiam formam omnium rerum noſtratium <lb></lb>perfectiſsimam eſſe docuerint. </s> <s>nunc illud agamus, vt hoc alioqui rebus tractandis non inutile <lb></lb>declaremus. </s> <s>Nam poterat aduerſarios inducere ad ita credendum. </s> <s>Primùm (ſumma enim <lb></lb>capita hîc attingam) quia compoſitum eſſet vt totum. </s> <s>atqui totum perfectione partibus antece<lb></lb>dit, nihil etenim illi deeſt, deeſt verò partibus. </s> <s>Tùm quia per ſe generatur compoſitum, forma <lb></lb>autem per accidens, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> generatur ſic eſt, quare item per ſe eſt compoſitum. </s> <s>Tùm item, quia <lb></lb>plureis includit perfectioneis, cùm prætereà contineat perfectionem materię. </s> <s>quandò etiam ma<lb></lb>teria participat illud bonum quod ab ipſius datore permanat ad vniuerſa, & ideò in numero bo<lb></lb>norum & <foreign lang="grc">τῶνͅ νοητῶν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>intelligendorum videtur eſſe & ipſa reponenda; loquimur autem nunc <lb></lb>de ſubſtantiæ principiis, & de illo compoſito quod directò refertur ad ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="prędicamentũ">prędicamentum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm qui ita dicunt, ignorare videntur Ariſtotelem, docuiſſe nonnunquam parteis quaſdam <lb></lb>eſſe toto priores, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in definitione totius accipi, contrà poſteriores nonnullas & à definitio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1354"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne totius expungi, potiuſquàm per <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> definiri, <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>ediſſereret, <expan abbr="quæ'nã">quæ'nam</expan> partes illę forent quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1355"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad totius eſſentiam pertinerent, formæ partes eſſe conſtituit, quæ contrà ſe haberent, materię par<lb></lb>tes eſſe monſtrauit. </s> <s>ſigno id eſt, aliquam materiam per ſe partem eſſentiæ non attingere. </s> <s>Si igitur <lb></lb>hę partes in definitione non aſſumuntur, non dant eſſe: ſi non dant eſſe, cùm perfectio comitetur <lb></lb>eſſentiæ, multò minus perfectionem communicabunt, quinimmo ratio dictat, cùm compoſitum <lb></lb>ex eiuſmodi principio conſtet, ab illo participaſſe, quicquid habet imperfectionis. </s> <s>ſicut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cen<lb></lb>ſeo pulchritudinem formæ ex materiæ ſocietate contaminari. </s> <s>verùm hoc neceſsitati naturæ eſt <lb></lb>adſcribendum. </s> <s>nam forma ſine materia non exiſtit, quapropter hoc malum accipere cogimur, <lb></lb>vt eo bono fruamur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>forma per ipſam compoſito perfectior eſt. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſemper exiſtat <lb></lb>in materia, nulla eſt formæ perfectio quæ non ſit in compoſito. </s> <s>verumenimuerò cùm emanet à <lb></lb>forma & in toto ſit ex huius primi participatione, iure optimo perfectio priore loco formæ tri<lb></lb>buetur. </s> <s>Proinde non ſequitur abſolutè. </s> <s>Totum eſt. </s> <s>ergo perfectius partibus. </s> <s>Secundò aſſero <lb></lb>totum ſpectari dupliciter, aut ſecundum materiam, ideſt, quatenus exiſtit in ſuis partibus, aut ſe<lb></lb>cundùm formam, ideſt, quia ſit conſummatio partium. </s> <s>Cùm enim fiat omnis huiuſmodi com<lb></lb>poſitio ex poteſtate, & actu, nec vnum ab altero diuelli, & ſine ſocio conſiſtere poſsit, in toto eſt <lb></lb>vtriuſque partis abſolutio. </s> <s>ſi ſecundùm materiam ſpectetur nihil omnino ad perfectionem, in ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1356"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim ratione nulla cauſſa perfectionis attenditur, ſi ſecundùm formam: adeſt perfectio quidem, <lb></lb>ſed cùm omnis à forma deriuetur, non erit ſanè propria compoſiti, ſed illius principij, à quo com<lb></lb>municatur. </s> <s>ideò naſcetur à forma. </s> <s>Quapropter formæ adſcribitur eſſe continens: neque id, vt <lb></lb>vas, aut aliquod interuallum, ſed quia terminet infinitatem materiæ, & faciat, vt ſit id quod eſt, <lb></lb>& quia tum hoc perfectum dicatur, vbi præſens fuerit tale principium. </s> <s>Ergo prius totum erit <lb></lb>ea ratione forma, poſteà totum id quod ex forma conſtat. </s> <s>Quare etiam forma primò perfectior, <lb></lb>mox perfectius totum. </s> <s>ac ſi perfectum quæ vox eſt ambigua, Gręcè liceat interpretari, toti adſcri<lb></lb>bam <foreign lang="grc">τὸ τελειωθὲν</foreign> ſub figura patiendi, quia perfectionem aſſequatur ab alio: <foreign lang="grc">τέλειον</foreign> appellabo <lb></lb>formam, quæ per ſe ipſam perfecta ſit, & <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελέχειαν</foreign>, vt alibi diximus, quia <foreign lang="grc">τὸ τέλειον ε̂χη</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque illud obſtabit, quòd compoſitum generetur per ſe, forma verò per accidens, nam ſi per ſe <lb></lb>accipiam, quia id à natura <expan abbr="intẽdatur">intendatur</expan>, dicam per ſe tribuendum eſſe formę, potiuſquàm <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen ſi ſubiectum ſpectabo, cui conueniat id quod generari dicimus, hoc eſt, aliquid ſui <lb></lb>flagitare, & ab eo, quod non eſt, adeſſe deduci, id contrà compoſito adſcribam. </s> <s>forma enim eſt, <lb></lb>non fit, neque eſt diuidua, ſicut compoſitum, ab illo primo ducam perfectionis originem, ab hoc <pb pagenum="188"></pb>poſtremò non item; ac ſi velim imitari Ariſtotelem, generatationem formæ tribuam <foreign lang="grc">διαὑτὸ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1357"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pter ſe (hoc verò opponitur ei, quod eſt alterius gratia) compoſitum verò <foreign lang="grc">καθ' αὑτὸ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>per ſe (op<lb></lb>ponitur autem ei, quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">κατ' ἄνο</foreign>) quia forma ſit ipſa, cuius gratia reliqua propter formam, <lb></lb>aut ex forma: compoſitum habeat in ſe ipſo cauſſas generationis. </s> <s>Neque me torquebit quòd <lb></lb>in toto exiſtat materia cui per ſe aliquis perfectionis gradus conueniat, quem pendenter partici<lb></lb>pet compoſitum. </s> <s>Nam quanuis ipſa ſit aliquid per ſe, & reponatur in numero bonorum & in<lb></lb>telligendorum, vidi etiam <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>, ipſam in eorum numero collocare, non quia ſit, eſt enim, <lb></lb>vt ipſe inquit, non ens, ſed quia poſsit eſſe. </s> <s>cùm verò hoc reſpiciat formam, planè quòd ſit, & <lb></lb>bona, formæ acceptum referat oportet. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquando compoſitum magis ſubſtantia poni<lb></lb>tur, hoc non aliundè proficiſcitur, ac quòd hominum fama id pro ſubſtantia recepit, quod maxi<lb></lb>mè exiſtebat; eius principia, quia reconditiora forent, obſeruare noluit; & peritioribus conſide<lb></lb>randa reliquit. </s> <s>cùm verò vnus nominum talis eſſe debeat, qualis vulgò tenetur, eadem via phi<lb></lb>loſophi quoque inſiſtentes compoſitum & indiuiduum maximè ſubſtantiam eſſe approbarunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aliqui opinantur compoſitum eſſe finem cui, quapropter opponitur ipſum eſſe perfectius; vi<lb></lb>detur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc ſpecies finis alteri præſtare quæ eſt cuius gratia, itaque reſpondetur non omnem fi<lb></lb>nem cui perfectiorem eſſe, ſiquidem homo finis cui ponatur ad omnia, neque tamen homo eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1358"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omni natura præſtantior. </s> <s>Atqui homo non ſimpliciter eſt finis cui, ſed quodammodo, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ideò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1359"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nego libentius compoſitum ad generationem eſſe finem cui, ſed ex coniunctione formæ cum ma<lb></lb>teria, veluti conſequens, exiſtere. </s> <s>Illud equidem, cui in forma duplicem gradum ſpectari poſ<lb></lb>ſe, vnum .ſ. </s> <s>cum iam producta eſt, & ab efficiente materiæ contributa, & ſic propter materiæ ſocie<lb></lb>tatem in mouendo mouetur. </s> <s>Alter eſt, quo eſt actus quidam, & in mouendo non mouetur, vt <lb></lb>cùm ſubit rationem finis. </s> <s>hîc eſt functio, vt ab immobili, & ideò ſine ſocietate materiæ. </s> <s>quare vt <lb></lb>rei ſeparatæ eo modo, quo formam materiam concretam ſeparari contingit. </s> <s>At quantò pręſtan<lb></lb>tius eſt hoc munus, quàm formæ, vt eſt in materia, ſic à materia ſeparata videbitur eſſe pfectior. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et, niſi fallor, hęc ratio cum progreſſu naturę maximè conſentit, ſiquidem id quod ineſt, aut ineſt <lb></lb>præcipuè, aut ordine quodam & ſecundò. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſecundò, & propter aliud. </s> <s>& alij multo prius <lb></lb>inerit, & per illud cęteris inhęrebit. </s> <s>At cùm duo rerum principia ſint in vniuerſo longo inter<lb></lb>uallo diſiuncta, poteſtas, & actus, materia, & forma. </s> <s>quid aliud concludere licebit quàm quòd <lb></lb>ab actu perfectio, à poteſtate imperfectio communicabitur? </s> <s>Ac ſi ex permixtione vis <expan abbr="oppoſito-rũ">oppoſito<lb></lb>rum</expan> ſumma refringitur; ex ſecretione reſtituatur, & intendatur: quid aliud exiſtimabimus quàm<lb></lb>quòd ex materiæ participatione formæ perfectio labefactetur, ex eiuſdem ſecretione priſtinas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1360"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conditioneis recuperet? </s> <s>Hęc ſanè non tam vera, ſed magis Peripatetica videntur. </s> <s>Quibus adda<lb></lb>mus & hoc Peripateticum duplicem eſſe materiam vel intelligendam, vel ſenſilem, ac cùm ma<lb></lb>teriæ tribuitur imperfectio ſenſilem accipi, ſiquidem intelligenda ſit formæ pars, quæ & ipſa ali<lb></lb>quid confert ad perfectionem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1353"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1354"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 37.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1355"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1356"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1357"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1358"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1359"></margin.target>a 6. Eth. <lb></lb>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1360"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Auctoris decretum in medio ponitur de eo quod propriè generetur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS ea recitata quæ locum dubitationi dediſſe videntur, nunc illa afferenda <lb></lb>ſunt quæ verè nos docuit magiſter optimus. </s> <s>Sed certè multiplex in hac diſceptatione nos <lb></lb>angit: de hoc autem ex pręcepto diſtinguendum eſt ante alia: Generationem igitur eſſe vocem <lb></lb>ambiguam docet nos Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nanque & ea generari dicuntur, quæcunque, cùm anteà non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1361"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſent, poſteà ſunt, quocunque modo ſint, ſiue nulla affectione præcedente vt lumen, ſiue per af<lb></lb>fectionem materiæ, & per turbatione facta circum id quod dicitur permutari, & omninò, cùm id <lb></lb>quod fieri dicitur, requirit aliquid quod præcedat, cùm eius pars ſit, hoc eſt materia, quæ cùm ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1362"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potentia, per acceſſum formæ fit actu & forma quæ in efficiente extabat. </s> <s>Vt autem generatio <lb></lb>communiter, & propriè dicitur, ita etiam corruptio: nanque & corrumpitur aliquid communi<lb></lb>ter, cùm olim exiſtens poſtea non eſt per tranſmutationem in alio factum, ſicut fulgetra, & pro<lb></lb>priè, quando per ſui perturbationem deſinit eſſe, relinquens aliquid ſui, materiam nimirum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter ea definita eſt, id ex quo primo tanquam <expan abbr="remanẽte">remanente</expan> fit aliquid, & in quod vltimum <lb></lb>reſoluitur. </s> <s>Accedit & tertium generationis ſignificatum, quod colligimus ex his quæ leguntur <lb></lb>1. Phyſ. <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> & alio modo conuenit ei quod tranſmutatur in aliud, atque illi, in quod tranſmu<lb></lb>tatur, cùm & fiat <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>, & homo fiat albus. </s> <s>hoc autem id eſt quod <expan abbr="fiẽs">fiens</expan> proprie dicimus appellari. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita quoque corrumpi poterit dici quod mutatur ad non eſſe, & ſic corrumpitur muſicum & cor<lb></lb>rumpitur homo muſicus. </s> <s>licet ſi ſcrutemur ſubtilius, non quidem actui corruptio tribuatur, ve<lb></lb>rùm priuationi. </s> <s>quanquam nullum tribuitur nomen quod propriè ſignificet actum hunc, quem<lb></lb>admodum in generatione: opinor vtrunque factum ob id, quòd cum denominationes ab actu <lb></lb>ſoleant ſumi & natura (vt ſæpe iam diximus) contendat in formam, & per illam in id collimet, <lb></lb>vt res ſit, & propter illam generationem perſequatur, ex eo quòd & manifeſtior eſt actus qui per <pb pagenum="189"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1363"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>generationem <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, & magis ſecundum naturam. </s> <s>quòd nomina talem actum reſpicientia, <lb></lb>magis recepta fuerint, etſi quomodo dicitur <foreign lang="grc">ὅφθείρέθαι</foreign>, eſt id quod præceſsit, cùm terminetur <lb></lb>non ente quod inſenſile & ignotum eſt, & eo quod eſt actu, fundetur quod ſenſile eſt & perſpi<lb></lb>cuum. </s> <s>Ex quibus conſtat compoſitum eſſe quod verè generatur, ſiue fiat homo albus, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>homo ſimpliciter. </s> <s>hoc autem compoſitum eſt verè; cùm ex materia conſtet, & forma quæ per ſe <lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Nam illud quod dicitur fiens (eſt enim illud quod ſubiecto & priuatione conſiſtit) aut <lb></lb>eſt compoſitum per accidens, ſi præſentem formam reſpicias, aut ſi, vt eſt per ſe compoſitum; <lb></lb>huiuſmodi ſolum eſt ſecundum rationem, non autem ſecundum rem, nihil in materia ponente <lb></lb>priuatione ex qua conſtat præter alicuius formæ notam, hoc eſt, habitudinem ad formam abſen<lb></lb>tem. </s> <s>Ergo id propriè generabitur, in quod euadit illud quod tranſmutabatur, quod item ali<lb></lb>quo pacto finis erit tranſmutationis, proptereà quòd eo conſtituto ceſſabit omnis naturæ motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dicimus autem aliquo pacto, non ſimpliciter, quia primus naturæ finis eſt forma, in idem enim <lb></lb>recidunt forma & finis in natura. </s> <s>Sed quoniam compoſitum notius eſt nobis, ſiquidem ſenſile; <lb></lb>tùm pręterea quoniam acceſſu formæ <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſt è veſtigio, & facta coniunctione formę cum <lb></lb>materia protinus exilit, tanquam finis habetur ipſum compoſitum. </s> <s>ita vtrunque & compoſi<lb></lb>tum, & forma gignentur: quoniam eò tendit natura, vt compoſitum ſit proximè, præcipuè verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1364"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma. </s> <s>Non tam forma generabitur propriè, ſed communiter; quoniam aſſequitur, quòd ſit, <lb></lb>cùm anteà non eſſet, & per materiæ, non autem ſui ipſius tranſmutationem. </s> <s>nihil enim ſui ſup<lb></lb>ponitur formæ in materia, quod ſit forma, dico vero in materia, nanque præcedit & ipſa ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, verùm in efficiente, nec ex nihilo prorſus eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem non ſimpliciter fieri prædica<lb></lb>tur, ſed fieri in materia. </s> <s>at hæc infrà. </s> <s>Neque propriè materia generabitur; cùm ipſa ingenita ſit, <lb></lb>aliter eſſet antequàm gigneretur; generari autem dicetur, quia tranſit in aliud, nempè, in compo<lb></lb>ſitum, in id enim tranſit, quod ipſa eſt in potentia, verùm eſt in potentia hoc aliquid, hoc <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> <lb></lb>& hoc quale, fit autem actu aliquid illorum aduentu formæ: quocirca, neque illi conueniet id <lb></lb>nomen <foreign lang="grc">γινεσθαι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>fieri, vt dicatur materiam fieri, licet ipſa ſit fiens. </s> <s>niſi fortè fieri de omnibus <lb></lb>his materia, inquam, & forma tanquam de ſubiecto, quod eſt primum excipiens, prædicetur & <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">αὶτιωδῶς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>cauſſaliter, non <foreign lang="grc">εἰδικῶς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>formaliter. </s> <s>nanque & de tali ſubiecto prædicationem fieri <lb></lb>non negauit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Attamen ſi vera eſt ea conditio <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> quæ verè generantur, vt aliquid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1365"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſui præcedat, & formæ pars eſt materia quę præcedit: ergo etiam forma verè generabitur. </s> <s>An ita <lb></lb>accipienda eſt pars in eo quod generatur, quod ſit pars totius ſecundum materiam, quia ſit pars <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1366"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>totius, vt compoſiti, & è variis naturis conſtituti. </s> <s>Sed materia non eſt pars formæ, vt compoſiti, <lb></lb>verùm vt pars totius ſecundùm formam accepti, quo pacto forma eſt totum. </s> <s>At pars quæ in ve<lb></lb>ra generatione præcedit, eſt pars totius ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Prætereà non eſt idem materiæ <lb></lb>genus, adde etiam formæ cuius materia pars eſt, & de qua nunc agimus: nanque & forma eſt <lb></lb>eſſentia & materia quæ cadit in mentem quæ eſt pars eius: at hîc forma propriè ſumitur quæ <lb></lb>eſt terminus generationis & materia ſenſilis. </s> <s>Viſo nunc quemadmodum fieri pertineat ad hæc <lb></lb>omnia, primùm ad compoſitum in ſuo proprio ſignificato, deinde ad oppoſitum & ſubiectum, <lb></lb>quia ſit fiens, poſtremò ad formam, proptereaquòd ipſa adipiſcatur, quòd ſit, cùm anteà non eſ<lb></lb>ſet, & facilè eſt colligere, quod iudicium faciendum ſit de corruptione, & ſoluere rationes oppo<lb></lb>ſitum concludentes. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti verè generatur compoſitum, ſic etiam verè corrumpitur. </s> <s>At ve<lb></lb>rò cùm primus naturæ ſcopus ille ſit, vt res exiſtat, & quæque facultas, licet duo oppoſita reſpi<lb></lb>ciat; cùm ex iis alterum melius ſit, alterum deterius (habent enim ſe vt plus & minus) ſemper <lb></lb>expetat melius per ſe, deterius verò vel declinet, vel expetat ex euento; propterea natura, nec <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>materia ſint principia, quòd res ſit & non ſit, & per formam quidem, quòd ſit, per priuationem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1367"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd non ſit, & hoc per interitum ſuccedat, illud per ortum. </s> <s>Ergo & natura, & materia ſpe<lb></lb>ctant per ſe generationem & eſſe; per accidens his oppoſita interitum & non eſſe, non tribuitur <lb></lb>interitus ei quod eſt, eum non appetente natura, ſed ei quod non eſt, vt eo deſtructo res exiſtat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque cùm <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ſit duplex, & antequàm res ſit, ex materia & priuatione, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & poſtquàm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1368"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res facta eſt ex materia & forma, per ſe dicitur interire compoſitum ex materia, ſcilicet, & pri<lb></lb>uatione, cùm in eo priuatio corrumpatur, ac ſi illud per ſe corrumpitur; priuatio non per ſe, ea <lb></lb>ratione priuationi tribuitur interitus; quòd, cùm prius adeſſet priuatio; poſteà non exiſtat. </s> <s>Igi<lb></lb>tur alia ratione terminos interitus exprimemus, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> ortus. </s> <s>hic non eſt <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον & ὅ γινεται, <lb></lb>τὸ γινόμενον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>fiens & id quod fit .i. </s> <s>in quod euadit <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον</foreign>. </s> <s>hic vt terminus, ad quem, alter <lb></lb>vt à quo. </s> <s>Sed erit quidem in interitu <foreign lang="grc">τὸ φθειζόμενον</foreign> vt terminus à quo. </s> <s>ſed <foreign lang="grc">δφθείρεται</foreign>, nullum; <lb></lb>quandò ex interitu nihil extat per ſe, ſed ex hoc erit <foreign lang="grc">ὃ γινεται</foreign> .i. </s> <s>quod fit, qui terminus eſt genera<lb></lb>tionis per ſe, interitus autem per accidens: nanque priuationi forma ſuccedit. </s> <s>Huiuſmodi ter<lb></lb>minorum vim non rectè Latini perceperunt, & cum eos parum conſideraſſet Philoponus miram <lb></lb>varietatem coniecit in ſententias Ariſtotelis, aliter accipiens <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον ὃ γινεται</foreign>. </s> <s>T. 64. ac <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1369"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prius accepiſſet T. 58. Verba ſunt Ariſtotelis. <foreign lang="grc">ῶστε δῆλον ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένον, ὁτι τὸ γινόμενον</foreign> <pb pagenum="190"></pb><foreign lang="grc">ἁπαν ἀεὶ συν́θετόν, καὶ ἐστι μὲντοι τὲ γινόμενον, ἐστι δέ τι ὃ τοῦτο γὶνεται, καὶ τοῦτο διττ̂ὸν ἢ γὰρ τὸ</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1370"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ὑποκείμενον ῆ̀ το ἀντικείμενον</foreign>. </s> <s>“Quare patet ex dictis, quòd omne fiens ſemper eſt compoſi<lb></lb>tum, & eſt ſanè fiens & eſt aliquid quod hoc (ſcilicet fiens) fit & hoc (ideſt fiens) duplex, aut <lb></lb>enim ſubiectum, oppoſitum.” eſt autem oppoſitum, vt mox docet Ariſtoteles, ipſa priuatio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vides igitur, vt optimè ſecum congruant dicta Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Obiectionis autem ex dictis ita diluun<lb></lb>tur, cùm enim dicitur: Materiam eſſe ingenitam intelligitur de generatione propriè dicta, & de <lb></lb>prædicatione formali, non de generatione communiter, cùm ſucceſsiuè capit formas oppoſitas, <lb></lb>nec de prędicatione cauſſali. </s> <s>Deinde cùm opponitur, vbi compoſitum eſt, ibi terminum eſſe ge<lb></lb>nerationis, terminus autem non generatur. </s> <s>ineſt in argumento fallacia à ſecundùm quid ad ſim<lb></lb>pliciter: aſſumitur enim compoſitum eſſe iam, & terminum generationis, ac quod eſt non gene<lb></lb>rari, quod ſanè verum eſt, poſtquàm eſt, & inde ſimpliciter efficitur nullo pacto generari, quod <lb></lb>falſum eſt: nanque tum generatur, quando non eſt, & compoſitum & terminus ita generantur, <lb></lb>licet etiam dicere, in argumento contineri fallaciam per accidens, ſiquidem eodem inſtanti ſit ter<lb></lb>minus & compoſitum, terminus autem ſit forma quæ non generatur. </s> <s>Ita quoque cùm argu<lb></lb>mentantur: fieri & factum eſſe diſtingui, compoſitum verò eſſe factum; & concludunt ſimpli<lb></lb>citer ipſum non fieri, decipiuntur in hoc; nam compoſitum, & factum eſt, & fit interdum, & tunc <lb></lb>eſt, cùm <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, nec amplius generatur, generatur verò tùm, dum non eſt, & cùm materia pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1371"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouetur ad formam. </s> <s>Sed opinor, hos fallit ea vox, compoſitum, quæ videtur ſignificare actum <lb></lb>qui ſanè tunc eſt, cùm generatio completa eſt: neque vident dici compoſitum quod propriè ſi<lb></lb>gnificat actum, ob penuriam nominis poteſtatem ſignificantis: quare felicius apud Gręcos am<lb></lb>biguo exprimitur <foreign lang="grc">σύνθετον</foreign>, quod tranſumi poteſt ad ſignificandum poteſtatem & actum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1361"></margin.target>b 1. de Cę<lb></lb>lo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1362"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1363"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1364"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1365"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1366"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1367"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1368"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 64. 65. <lb></lb>T. 82.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1369"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 64. <lb></lb>T. 58.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1370"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1371"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quo pacto formę producantur, & variæ philoſophorum ſententię recenſentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO quæ nos antè accepimus, anſam prębent nobis valde dubitandi, <lb></lb>quemadmodum formæ producantur: negatum enim eſt, eas aliquid requirere quod eo<lb></lb>rum pars ſit, quod ſanè aliquibus fieri non poſſe viſum eſt neſcientibus ea dempta conditione <lb></lb>docere, quemadmodum formę prodeant in actum, quin aliquid abſurdi conſequatur. </s> <s>Ergo non<lb></lb>nulli formæ aliquid tanquam partem ſupponi, ſic perſuadere conati ſunt. </s> <s>Primùm quidem <lb></lb>quòd eſſet formę creatio, ideſt, ex nihilo productio quam explodi ſcimus ex vniuerſa Peripateti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1372"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corum ſchola. </s> <s>Deinde quoniam productio formæ non eſſet naturalis: cùm enim quod natu<lb></lb>rale eſt, debeat habere principium intrinſecum ſuæ motionis, hoc autem aut fit materia, aut ipſa<lb></lb>met forma, materia verò extrinſeca ſit, quippe quæ ſeparetur à forma. </s> <s>Ergo formam aliquo pa<lb></lb>cto requiri neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Demonſtratur item 6. Phyſ. in omni generatione eſſe aliquid facti, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>confirmatur 9. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt credas etiam formæ partem præcedere antequàm generatio <expan abbr="cõpleatur">compleatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1373"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Adde & auctoritatem Ariſtotelis, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui teſtatur à natura fieri in quoruncunque materia eſt ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1374"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua pars formę quæ ſic mouet materiam, ſicut mouetur ab extrinſeco. </s> <s>Alij in materia ponunt <lb></lb>rationem quandam quam ſeminalem vocant, per quam redditur idoneam ad recipiendam hanc <lb></lb>formam, aut illam, ſicut in vtero fœminæ adeſt materia in qua vis ineſt ſeminis propterquam eſt <lb></lb>in potentia ad recipiendam formam equi, aut leonis, ſed quod dictum eſt ſæpius ex 8. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> me <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1375"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>auertit ab illa prima ſententia: nam ſi foret forma partibilis, & materia vltima non eſſet idem <lb></lb>cum forma. </s> <s>Ab hac verò me diſtrahit quòd vis ſeminis eſt duplex, actuoſa, aut patibilis, actuo<lb></lb>ſa quidem obtinet inſtar formæ, patibilis autem eadem eſt cum ipſamet materia, quare etiam, aut <lb></lb>aliquid formæ præcedere in materia fatebuntur, quod tamen inficiantur; aut nulla eſt hæc ratio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1376"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeminalis in materia. </s> <s>Nec obſtant ea quę oppoſita fuerunt: nam cum obiicitur formam iri crea<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Reſpondeo ſufficere, ſi præceſſerit materia in qua ineſt forma, tanquam in potentia patibi<lb></lb>li, & ſi actu præcedat in efficiente. </s> <s>Prætereà, cùm inquiunt, fore violentam, non autem natu<lb></lb>ralem formæ productionem, aſſero ad <expan abbr="ſeruandã">ſeruandam</expan> rationem motus naturalis ſufficere, ſi adſit prin<lb></lb>cipium patibile: nam motus naturalis, non quidem à mouente definitur, ſed à propenſione prin<lb></lb>cipij patibilis: hoc autem ſuo loco planius intelligetur. </s> <s>Nos item pluribus anteà docuimus, illa <lb></lb>genita partem quidem eſſe formæ, verùm non formam, ſed materiam. </s> <s>Quod verò attinet ad au<lb></lb>ctoritatem acceptam de 7. Met. aimus formam ibi non accipi eſſentiam, aut eſſentiæ partem, ſed <lb></lb>vim ab efficiente <expan abbr="impreſsã">impreſsam</expan>, qua mouetur æquè àc ſi præſens eſſet efficiens: non ſecus atque eue<lb></lb>niat in iis quæ ſpontè agitantur ſiue accidens ſit & inſtrumentum efficientis, ſiue etiam rei pars <lb></lb>aut conſequens formam. </s> <s>Sed hæc quidem ſatis ad obiecta; verùm ad inuenienda ortus princi<lb></lb>pia non ſatis, quòd videtur hęc quæſtio reuocare in <expan abbr="controuãerſi">controuerſi</expan> originem formarum de qua & <lb></lb>antiqui, & iuniores cùm Græci, tùm Latini multa, atque illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> egregia <expan abbr="pronunciauerũt">pronunciauerunt</expan>, ideò <lb></lb>nos <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> non grauabimur, hæc <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> pro neceſsitate loci ſubſcribere. </s> <s>Hæc ergo de origine forma <pb pagenum="191"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1377"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum ſcripta legimus. </s> <s>Aliqui enim putarunt formas eſſe tanquam idearum imagines, velut Pla<lb></lb>tonici: quapropter eas dixerunt eſſe neceſſarias ob multas cauſſas quidem, ſed quia nos hîc de <lb></lb>ortus initiis agimus, eas tractabimus, quantum pertinet ad propoſitum. </s> <s>Igitur illi ideas requiri <lb></lb>voluerunt ad id, vt generatio rerum abſolueretur. </s> <s>cauſſę quæ illos mouerunt ad ponendas ideas, <lb></lb>hæ fuerunt: <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ſimilitudo quæ numero differunt, quæ extare non poſſe videbantur, niſi quod<lb></lb>dam principium ſeparatum commune foret, vnde ipſius imagines pluribus. </s> <s>non ſecus àc ab eo<lb></lb>dem annulo pluribus ceræ fruſtulis, imago Magniducis imprimeretur. </s> <s>Quin etiam ſiquid ab <lb></lb>arte faciendum ſit, exemplar in artificis mente pręcedere oportet à quo forma ſcamni, ſanitatisúe <lb></lb>in materia producatur. </s> <s>Hæc ſententia variis de cauſsis <expan abbr="variiſq́">variiſque</expan>. </s> <s>locis exploſa fuit ab ipſo Ariſto<lb></lb>tele, & quantum eſt de re noſtra (nam de cęteris ſuo loco dicetur) abſurdum ſanè & fabuloſum <lb></lb>videtur, quòd natura in ideas intuens corporearum rerum formas effingere ſoleat. </s> <s>Neque ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt, vt commune ſit principium ſimilitudinis quæ inter multa extat: quandò <expan abbr="vnumquodq;">vnumquodque</expan> <lb></lb>ſingulare ſit actu, & habeat in ſe principium, id verò forma, quod ſuapte natura communicari <lb></lb>queat. </s> <s>ita enim fit id quod eſt poteſtate, ab eo quod eſt actu, ſingulare à ſingulari, quia vel con<lb></lb>ſimilem formam in materia deponat, vel ex eius poteſtate exprimat, & quaſi extundat. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>aliter efficit ipſa natura quàm faciat artifex: quippe qui in mente rei faciendæ formam habeat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1378"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam per manus & alia inſtrumenta poliendo materiam, ipſi imponit. </s> <s>Sicut ergo ex forma quę <lb></lb>ineſt in mente artificis (hoc enim differt à forma naturali, quòd eſt actu cognita) fit ſcamni for<lb></lb>ma in ligno; ſic ex hominis forma quæ poſita eſt in materia Sophroniſci, Socratis forma produ<lb></lb>citur, ſine vllo idearum interuentu. </s> <s>Cùm igitur neque ſenſui tale principium ſubiiciatur, neque <lb></lb>ratio conuincat, aut ideas eſſe negabimus, aut ſaltem ad rerum generationem non neceſſarias eſſe <lb></lb>fatebimur. </s> <s>Itaque tranſeamus ad alia. </s> <s>Anaxagoras omnia in omnibus latitare dicens per ſe<lb></lb>cretionem ſimilium partium quidque oriri profeſſus eſt, quod item ab Ariſtotele 1. Phyſ. ſubla<lb></lb>tum è medio fuiſſe ſcimus. </s> <s>Auicennas datorem quendam formarum excogitauit quem ipſe po<lb></lb>nebat mentem decimę claſsis, appellabat autem ſua lingua Cholcodeam, in quo etiam parum à <lb></lb>Themiſtio, & Ioanne Grammatico diſcedere perſpicitur. </s> <s>iſti enim omnes vno ore prædicarunt <lb></lb>ex vniuerſæ <foreign lang="grc">διμιουργιας</foreign> (ſic enim opificis primi <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> vocant) formas emanare, & ab vno quo<lb></lb>dam primo opifice proficiſci, quod etiam acceptum eſt alicubi à Pomponatio, qui item, cum cę<lb></lb>teroqui vir eſſet exquiſitiſsimi iudicij, & Peripateticus celeberrimus, exiſtimauit inſuper ſe con<lb></lb>cludere poſſe propoſitum ſuum Ariſtotelis auctoritate ab exemplo nimirùm imperatoris & exer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1379"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>citus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> noſti omnia. </s> <s>proptereà quoque adiiciebat Ideas ea ratione poſſe defendi in Schola Peri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1380"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>patetica. </s> <s>Conſilium noſtrum non eſt nunc confutandi formas, & ideas in mente diuina: quan<lb></lb>do id erit negotij ſublimioris, de quo aliàs; præſertim cùm etiam in hac noſtra methodo ſimus <lb></lb>diſſerturi; quemadmodum vniuerſa proficiſcantur à primo motore, atque declaraturi longè <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe ſenſum exempli illius, atque ordinem illum qui ab Ariſtoteles conſtitutus eſt, quàm vulgò <lb></lb>ſoleat accipi. </s> <s>Sed planè abſurdum mihi videtur Ariſtotelem, qui monſtrarit nullam eſſe neceſ<lb></lb>ſitatem Idearum, nec ad ſcientiam faciendam, neque ad rerum procreationem, & de illis cum ho<lb></lb>noris præfatione locutus ſit, demum 12. Met. vbi tantis elogiis ornat, & amplificat diuinam ma<lb></lb>ieſtate vniuerſum mundanæ prouidentiæ pondus Ideis attribuiſſe, quæ'nam etenim inconſtantia <lb></lb>foret tanti philoſophi? </s> <s>Prętereà videmus Ariſtotelem ſæpiſsimè teſtari: Omne quod fit ab vni<lb></lb>uoco fieri, & in pluribus à ſimili, & id quod eſt poteſtate, fieri actu ab eo quod eſt actu. </s> <s>Ex quo <lb></lb>item effectum eſt, vt cùm Plato quoque ideas cum ſingularibus non <foreign lang="grc">ὁμονύμους</foreign> .i. </s> <s>non ambiguas, <lb></lb>ſed eiuſdem rationis eſſe vellet, & tamen æternas, cum indiuidua cęteroquin interirent; confuta<lb></lb>tus fuerit, quandò æternum ſpecie diſtat à mortali. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Tùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quòd ab eo quod à materia ſecre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1381"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1382"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum eſſet, materia concretum fieri poſſe non appareret: eius enim quatenus huiuſmodi, functio<lb></lb>nes eſſe citra materiam. </s> <s>Quocirca ſaltem in pluribus fit id quod fit, non à Cholcodea, non ab <lb></lb>ipſo D. O. M. ſed ab his noſtratibus quæ ſunt actu. </s> <s>Non negat tamen ab illo omnia, ſeu proxi<lb></lb>mè, ſeu remote proficiſci, ſed complures ex his formis ab eo ſine auxilio cauſſarum poſteriorum <lb></lb>permanare prorſus inficiatur Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>At hoc non dubitatur nunc: illud dubitatur, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> agentia apud nos efficiant ſibi ſimilia, & res eò denique proceſsit, vt melioris notæ phi<lb></lb>loſophi ad Auerroëm accederent qui pluribus locis teſtatur <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> agentis, nil aliud eſſe quàm <lb></lb>extrahere rem de poteſtate ad actum: id quod Zimara inter Auerrois ſectatores non ignobilis, <lb></lb>ſaltem à pleriſque tritus, & in pleriſque receptus, & poſt ipſum Fernelius libro de abditis rerum <lb></lb>cauſsis ſic declararunt. </s> <s>quòd eſſet facere compoſitum in actu exiſtentiæ, id quod erat in potentia <lb></lb>ſubiectiua, vt aiunt, & patibili: quia ſcilicet agens ita immutet materiam quæ eſt in potentia, vt <lb></lb>eam ſic afficiat, quòd ex illa educatur, eliciatur, exprimatur, & erumpat quodammodo forma, <lb></lb>& per conſecutionem ipſum compoſitum. </s> <s>hoc autem ſi originis ordinem intuearis ſimpliciter. <lb></lb></s> <s>Noſti enim Scotum voluiſſe quoque compoſitum perfectionis ordine anteire. </s> <s>Maiore cum di<lb></lb>ligentia rem hanc Fernelius explicauerat hoc modo. </s> <s>pręparari materiam ad formam recipien <pb pagenum="192"></pb>dam, hanc verò præparatiouem fieri aſsiduo affectionum incremento, vſque dum ad ſummam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1383"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfectionem euaſiſſent: tum enim ad formam quoque ſubſtantiæ prouentum eſſet. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>perfectionem illam forma neceſſariò conſequitur, nec vnquàm poſteà deſerit. </s> <s>Attamen illud mi<lb></lb>hi difficultatem affert, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſic agens, non quidem per ſe faceret, ſed afficeret ſolùm, & ſic actus <lb></lb>non ab actu, neque ſimile à ſimili per ſe produceretur. </s> <s>Nam, quod obiiciebat Scaliger, minus <lb></lb>placet: exiſtimabat enim ſi eductio eſſet eiuſmodi apparatus; fore, vt forma eſſet diuidua: eſt <lb></lb>enim talis apparatus motus quidam: fit ergo particulatim. </s> <s>nil enim valet hoc ex noſtra ſenten<lb></lb>tia, qui diuiſionem illam non quidem formæ, ſed materiæ tribuimus. </s> <s>Sed quoniam apud illum <lb></lb>fortaſſe ratio valebit, qui non ita ſentiet, quemadmodum nos, hæc item ſubſcribamus, appara<lb></lb>tum illum eſſe præuiam affectionem, & mutationem ſecundùm qualitatem. </s> <s>Nunc cętera ſpe<lb></lb>ctemus quibus Fernelium vrget idem. </s> <s>Scaliger concludens in præparatione illa non poſſe ineſ<lb></lb>ſe perfectionem: nam perfectio poſt illam eſt, quippe forma: ipſa enim ſola <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελέχεια</foreign> eſt, non <lb></lb>autem ſummum illud accidentium incrementum. </s> <s>Hæc quidem ille, ſed perfectionem dixiſſe <lb></lb>videtur in ſuo genere Fernelius, & noluiſſe ſignificare <foreign lang="grc">τελειότητα</foreign> quę facta res eſt, ſed <foreign lang="grc">τελείω<lb></lb>σιν</foreign> quæ eſt via. </s> <s>Addit illud melius Scaliger formam non comitari illi perfectioni, ſed eius <lb></lb>quoque perfectionem eſſe, & ſic antecedere quemadmodum ſatelliti principem, verùm fac co<lb></lb>mitari eſſe idem àc mox ab illa ſumma accidentium perfectione extare falſum id Ariſtotelis qui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1384"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem ſententia. </s> <s>Nam generans dat prius formam, dein conſequentia formam, & ignis prius ge<lb></lb>nitus eſt, pòſt manet in loco ſuperiore. </s> <s>Pręterquamquòd mox audiemus, quæ'nam ſit Ariſto<lb></lb>telis ipſius germana ſententia à quà longè, meo quidem iudicio, abſunt ij qui cum Auerroë phi<lb></lb>loſophantur, ad quam nos iam accingentes id accipimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1372"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1373"></margin.target>a T. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1374"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1375"></margin.target>c T. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1376"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1377"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1378"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1379"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1380"></margin.target>a 12. Me</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1381"></margin.target>b 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1382"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1383"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1384"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Qui ſit animi noſtri ſenſus de productione formarum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PRIMVM ergo ſtatuamus materiam ipſam eſſe in potentia compoſitum, quemadmodum <lb></lb>materia ligni eſt poteſtate ſcamnum; quare ſæpe dictum eſt ab Ariſtotele, ipſam eſſe poteſta<lb></lb>te hoc aliquid, aut hoc quantum, & propemodum ſubſtantiam, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neque vt vulgò accipitur, po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1385"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teſtate ad formam. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſicuti materia eſt compoſitum in potentia, ita compoſitum eſt in <lb></lb>actu ex præſentia formæ; vt primùm enim adeſt forma, compoſitum eſt actu, quod eſt in puncto <lb></lb>temporis & indiuiduè, ſicut etiam ipſa forma eſt indiuidua. </s> <s>Ex quo colligo, ipſum compoſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1386"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum eſſe in potentia patibili materiæ, quia cùm ſit in potentia, efficitur in actu per tranſmutatio<lb></lb>nem materiæ factam ab eo quod eſt actu, & deductionem potentiæ in actum. </s> <s>Forma verò non <lb></lb>eſt in materia; quoniam, ſi foret in ea, actu iam eſſet, non autem fieret, vt cùm in ea eſt actu, iam <lb></lb>res eſt, non amplius fit, niſi fortè intelligamus, eam eſſe in potentia patibili materiæ, quoniam <lb></lb>materia poteſt per tranſmutationem coniungi cum illa forma, aut quia vis agentis impreſſa fue<lb></lb>rit materiæ propter quam materia ſponte moueatur ad formam, aut etiam conſeruetur in aliquo <lb></lb>inſtrumento, veluti de ſemine dicunt. </s> <s>Sed habet quòd ſit actu forma in efficiente, ſiue illud ſpe<lb></lb>cie, ſeu virtute ſimile fuerit. </s> <s>Quapropter non ſufficit ſola potentia materiæ ad efficiendum com<lb></lb>poſitum, ſed opus eſt præſentia efficientis; quod, cùm ſit actu, facit, vt materia ſit actu, & hoc ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed quoniam hoc non videtur dubitari, verùm illud requiritur, quemadmodum efficiens faciat, <lb></lb>vt materia ſit actu. </s> <s>Confugiamus ad Ariſtotelem id ſæpe nobis aperientem & confirmantem. <lb></lb></s> <s>nanque ita dicit primum, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “quia efficiens dat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> materiæ, facit enim materiam quale ipſum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1387"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, aut actu, aut virtute perficiendo materiam, & reducendo in actum”, cùm anteà foret in poten<lb></lb>tia id quod pręſtat prius afficiendo, hoc eſt, exhibendo potentiam accipiendi materiæ, tum dan<lb></lb>do formam quæ ad numerum eſt eadem cum ſua, ſed præſente materia numero ſeparatur pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1388"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pter ſenſilis materiæ differentiam, quam alibi principium indiuidui docuimus eſſe. </s> <s>Inde dictum <lb></lb>aliquando eſt efficiens & formam ſpecie conuenire, numero autem differre: nam forma, cùm <lb></lb>per ſeipſa <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſit ſecreta à materia, additione materiæ fit diuerſa, & quę ſecundùm <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> erat <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> in <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>, indita poſtea materię fit alia. </s> <s>Et nequid ſcrupuli ſuperſit in animis noſtris; Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles omnem rem nobis illuſtriſsimo exemplo ponit ante oculos, accepto nimirùm ab arte, ita <lb></lb>vt natura efficiat producendo, quemadmodum facit ars. </s> <s>etenim artifex habet in mente formam <lb></lb>domus, eam verò tradit lapidibus, & alij materiæ, ex qua fit domus, mouendo inſtrumenta, vt <lb></lb>manum, & per manum ſerram, ſcalpellum & dolabram, atque ſic poliendo materiam, incudit <lb></lb>formam. </s> <s>ſic & efficiens ipſum circum materiam operatur eodem modo. </s> <s>Nam quanuis dubita<lb></lb>ri poſsit, an idem ſit agens afficiens materiam <foreign lang="grc">προοδοποιοῆν</foreign> vocat Ariſtoteles Problematis, & in<lb></lb>ducens <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: quia dans <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſt ſubſtantia, afficiens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt quale: at ſi non proximè, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> re<lb></lb>motè, & præcipuè idem eſt agens vtrunque efficiens. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt ex hoc fiat <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> ex <lb></lb>materia, forma verò non fit ex materia, ſed in materia. </s> <s>Neque ob id ſequitur, ideas introduci: <lb></lb>cùm id neque mentis opera fiat, ſed naturæ inſtinctu, neque ſint formę illę quæ induntur materię <pb pagenum="193"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1389"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ipſo Deo; niſi fortè, vt in cauſſa, formaliter verò nequaquam, ſed in ſingulis efficientibus. </s> <s>Præ<lb></lb>ſtat autem ad maiorem lucem Ariſtotelis ipſius verba ſubſcribere; nam ſic fiet, vt proponatur lo<lb></lb>cus quem ab omnib omiſſum video: tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex interpretatione noſtra lapſus quidam Theodori <lb></lb>corrigatur. </s> <s>Primùm igitur 1. de ortu Ani. leguntur hæc apud Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">Αλλ̓ ἄμφω εἰς τὸ θῆλυ συμ<lb></lb>βάλλονται τὸ πὰρ αὐτῶν γινόμενον, διὰ τὸ ἐν τῷ θήλει εἶναι τὴν ὑλην. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἐξ ἦς ἐστὶ τό δημιουργοὺμε<lb></lb>νον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ εὐθύς τὴν μὲν ἀθρόον ὑπαζχειν ἀναγκαῖον, ἐξἧς συνισταται τὸ κύημα τὸ πρῶτον, τὴν δὲ <lb></lb>ὲγγινεσθαι ἀεὶ τῆς ὑλης, εῖπερ δὺναται τὸ κυόμενον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ῶστε ἀναγκη ἐν τῷ θηλει ὑπάρχειν τὸν <lb></lb>τὸκον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ γὰρ πρὸς τῷ ξύλῳ ὁ τέκτων, καὶ πρὸς τῷ πηλω ὁ κεζαμεὺς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ ὀλως πᾶσιν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἡ ἐργα<lb></lb>σία καὶ ἡ κινησίς ἐσχατη πρός τᾗ ὑλη. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οἵον ἡ οἰκοδύμησις ὲν τοῖς ὀικοδομουμένοις. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">λαβοι δ' αὐτις <lb></lb>οὐν τούτων καὶ τὸ ἄῤῥεν ποὸς ξυμβὰλλεται εἰς τὴν γένεσιν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ ἄῤῥεν ἁπαν προίεται σπέρ<lb></lb>μα, ὁσατε προιεται τὠν ἀῤῥενων οὐθὲν μόριον τοῦ τ' ἐστὶ τοῦ γιγνομενου κυήματος· ῳ̂σπερ ἠδ̓ <lb></lb>ἀπὸ τέκτονος πρός τὴν τῶν ξύλων ὑλήν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὒτ' απέρχεται οὐδεν, οῦτε μόριον οὐδεν ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ γι<lb></lb>γνομένῳ τῆς τεκτονικῆς, ἀλλ' ἡ μορφὴ καὶ τὸ ειδος τὸ ἀπ̓ ἐκείνου ἐγγινεται διὰ τῆς κινήσεως ἐν <lb></lb>τῇ ὑλῃ. καὶ ἡ μὲν ψυχὴ ἐν ᾗ τὸ εῖδος καὶ ἡ ἐπιστήμη κινοῦσι τὰς χεῖζας, ῆτοι μόριον ἑτερον ποιάν <lb></lb>τινα κινησιν, ἑτεραν μὲν, ἀφ' ὠν τὸ γιγνόμενον ἑτερον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὴν ἀυτὴν δὲ, ἀφ' ὠν τὸ ἀυτὸ αἱ δὲ χεῖ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1390"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ρες καὶ τὰ ὄργανα τὴν ὑλήν. Ὁμοιως δὲ καὶ ἡ φύσις ἡ ἐν τῷ ἀρ̀ῥενι τῶν σπέρμα προιεμένον <lb></lb>χρῆται τῷ σπέρματι ὡς ὀργανῳ, καὶ ἔχοντι κινησιν ἐνεργεία, ὡσπερ ἑν τοῖς κατἀ τἑχνήν γι<lb></lb>νομένοις τὰ ὄργανα κινἑιται. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἐν ἐκείνοις γὰρ πως ἡ κὶνησις τῆς τέχνης</foreign>. </s> <s>& quæ ſequuntur ho<lb></lb>rum interpretatio talis. </s> <s>Sed ambo in fęminam conferunt, quod ab ipſis efficitur: “proptereà quae in <lb></lb>fęmina ſit materia, ex qua exiſtit id quod efficitur. </s> <s>& ſtatim hanc quidem totam ſimul adeſſe ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt ex qua conſtituitur conceptus ille primus; eius verò partem ſemper accedere, ſiquid <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>conceptus. </s> <s>quare neceſſe eſt in fęmina partum contineri. </s> <s>etenim ligno faber adeſt & limo figu<lb></lb>lus. </s> <s>& generatim omnib. operatio & motus extremus materiæ, vt edificatio in iis quæ edifican<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Accipiat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aliquis & quemadmodum mas <expan abbr="cõferat">conferat</expan> ad generationem, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mas omnis <lb></lb>proiicit ſemen, & <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> è marib. proiiciunt, nulla pars .i. </s> <s>conceptus, qui producitur. </s> <s>quemad<lb></lb>modum <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à fabro ad lignorum materiam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſegregatur quippiam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pars vlla fabrilis <lb></lb>ineſt in eo quod fit; ſed forma & ſpecies quæ ab illo ingeneratur per motum in materia & anima <lb></lb>in qua ſpecies eſt, & ſcientia mouent manus, aut alteram partem certo quodam motu; diuerſo <lb></lb>quidem, quorum quod fit, alterum eſt. </s> <s>eodem verò à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> idem, manus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & inſtrumenta ma<lb></lb>teriam. </s> <s>Similiter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & natura, quę eſt in mare eorum qui proiiciunt, vtitur ſemine, vt inſtrumen<lb></lb>to, & habente motum actu, quemadmodum in iis quæ fiunt, ſecundùm artem organa mouentur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1391"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in illis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quodammodo motus artis.” Hæc ipſe Ariſtoteles in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> licentioſius euagatus Theodo<lb></lb>rus id quod apud Ariſtotelem <foreign lang="grc">εῖπες δὺναται τὸ κυόμενον</foreign>. </s> <s>ipſe conuertit. </s> <s>quia nutriatur & cre<lb></lb>ſcat. </s> <s>& reſpexit materiam, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> de efficiente cauſſa mentionem faciat Ariſt. </s> <s>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in philoſo<lb></lb>phia Peripatetica perſpicuum eſt <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ab Hyppocrate <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> longe antea monſtratum primas auctio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1392"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1393"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neis & affectioneis primas ab alio fieri, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> à generante, deinceps ab ipſomet viuente quod au<lb></lb>getur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex eo loco liquebit, quem mox allaturi ſumus, & ab omnib. receptum eſt animans ab <lb></lb>inanimo ſeparari, quae hoc principiis motus internis careat, illud habeat. </s> <s>Siquid <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> fętus poſt <lb></lb>primam conſtitutionem, vt certè <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſequitur, vt materiam quæ influit, commodè & trahere ad <lb></lb>ſeſe, & immutare poſsit. </s> <s>Sic igitur & membrorum conſtitutio fit à virtute quæ in corde ineſt, & <lb></lb>animalis partes augentur ab influente materia. </s> <s>Sed audi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hæc quæ ipſe item adſcripſit lib. 2. qui<lb></lb>bus & hæc quæ nuper appoſuimus ad eius loci interpretationem, confirmabuntur magis, & ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>propoſuimus ab initio, magis elucebunt. </s> <s>Vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> docet. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne partes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> à corde producantur, <lb></lb>an ab alia quadam virtute: id accipit, quod nobis indicare poſsit, vnde'nam forma permanet ad <lb></lb>id quod viuit ſanè, ſed <expan abbr="nondũ">nondum</expan> abſolutum eſt. </s> <s>ex quo concludit parteis reliquas à corde minimè <lb></lb>procreari. </s> <s>ſic ſcribens. <foreign lang="grc">λόγος δὲ τούτου, ὁτι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐντελεχεία ὄντος, τὸ δύναμει ὂν γινεται, ἐν</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1394"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τοῖς φύσει ἢ τέχυη γινομὲνοις. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὡστε δέοι τὸ εἶδος καὶ τὴν μορφὴν ἐν ἐκεὶνῳ εἶναι, ὁὶον ἐν τῇ καρ<lb></lb>δια τὸτοῦ ἡπατος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ ἄλως δὲ ἄτοπος, καὶ πλασματιας λόγος</foreign>. </s> <s>quæ ſic exponuntur. </s> <s>“Ratio verò <lb></lb>huius, quod ab eo quod eſt actu, id quod eſt poteſtate fit in iis quæ natura vel arte fiunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quap̨p̨">quapropter</expan> <lb></lb>ſpeciem & formam in illo ineſſe oporteret, vt in corde, epatis, cùm cæteroquin abſurdus ſermo <lb></lb>& figmenti ſimilis ſit.” Hîc igitur habes tu formam eſſe in efficiente quæ ſubiecto tradenda ſit, & <lb></lb>perpetuò poni ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſimilitudinem inter naturam & artem. </s> <s>quantum pertinet ad hoc offi<lb></lb>cium. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſt paullò rurſus eodem exemplo rem illuſtrat, & confirmat ſententiam no<lb></lb>ſtram, inquiens. <foreign lang="grc">ὧσπερ δὲ τὰ ἁπο τῆς τὲχνης γινόμενα γὶνεται διὰ τῶν ὀργάνον, ἐστσὶ δὲ ἀληθὲ <lb></lb>στερον εἰπεῖν διὰ τῆς κινήσεως ἀυτων, ἀυτῆ δὲ ἐστὶν ἡ ἐνέργεια τῆς τέχνης. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἡ δε ̀ μορφὴ ηωνγινο<lb></lb>μὲνον ἐν άλω οὑτος</foreign>, & alia multa, quæ in eundem ſenſum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>perpetuò ſcribuntur, quo<lb></lb>rum hic eſt ſenſus. </s> <s>“Quemadmodum verò ea quæ fiunt ab arte, fiunt per organa: verius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> di<lb></lb>xerimus per eorum motus, hæc verò eſt artis ipſius operatio. </s> <s>ars verò forma eorum quæ fiunt in <lb></lb>alio.” Sic. </s> <s>Vides hîc tu Ariſt. </s> <s>ponere artem formam eorum quæ fiunt in alio, ideſt, in ſubiecto, <pb pagenum="194"></pb>quaſi ſit ab efficiente & ſubiecto cudatur, vt nihil <expan abbr="oīno">omnino</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> certius <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conſtantius in hac di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1395"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſciplina occurrat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò confugies hìc tu ad ea, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>hæc ex aliorum <expan abbr="ſnīa">ſententia</expan> profiteatur, aut <lb></lb>quae in his libris res craſsiuſculè ſcribantur. </s> <s>profitetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe cauſſas rerum exquiſitiſsimè tradere, <lb></lb>quinetiam ſic diſpoſuiſſe ſuam philoſophiam, vt quæ anteà tradita fuiſſent vniuersè, aptarentur <lb></lb>ad ea quæ ſigillatim in iis extremis phyſiologiæ libris explicantur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At qui hanc Ariſtotelis fuiſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1396"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe firmam & perpetuam <expan abbr="ſnīam">ſcientinam</expan> non hiſce libris ſolùm, ſed <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> eius libros ab initiis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> phi<lb></lb>loſophiæ cum diuinæ tum naturalis percurrenti facillimè conſtabit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſe primum de effi<lb></lb>ciente ſic loquitur <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">εἴδος δ' ἀει όισεται</foreign> .i. </s> <s>formam ſemper afferet. </s> <s>poſteà inquit. </s> <s>In hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hanc for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1397"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mam facit. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alibi de eodem efficiente diſſerens ait. </s> <s>Cauſſa ſit formæ in materia <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">αἰτιον ᾖ τοῦ</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1398"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">εὶδους ἐν τῆ́ ὑλῃ</foreign>. </s> <s>Quin apud Græcos nihil reperitur conſtantius, vt hæc dicere non ſit <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> opi<lb></lb>nionem comminiſci, ſed ex optimis auctoribus eruere veterem & approbatam, <expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> Ale<lb></lb>xander <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> explicans eandem rem vtitur eodem exemplo ad ipſam <expan abbr="perſuadendã">perſuadendam</expan> quo anteà fuerat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1399"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vſus Ariſt. </s> <s>& inter alia verba hæc ſcribit, <foreign lang="grc">θ̓̂δος δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ τεχνιτου γινόμενον ἐν ἀυτῳ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>formam <lb></lb>quæ fit ab artifice in ſubiecto. </s> <s>Themiſtius item ſic exprimit. <foreign lang="grc">ἐνθεῖαι τὸ εἶδος</foreign> .i. </s> <s>imponere <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; <lb></lb>& Proclus lib. 3. in <expan abbr="Timęū">Timęum</expan> hęc ſcripſit, “<foreign lang="grc">πᾶς γὰρ δημιουργὸς ἀγαθὸς χρατεῖ τῆς ὑλης καὶ το εἰδος <lb></lb>ἀπ<gap></gap> τιθησι, ὁ βούλεται τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις, καὶ πολλῷ πλέον ὁ ὁλος δημιουργὸς, ὃς καὶ ἀυτὴν ὑφιστη<lb></lb>αι τὴν ὑποκειμὲνην ὑλην, καὶ τ' ὰλοι</foreign>.” i. </s> <s><expan abbr="oīs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr="aūt">aut</expan> opifex bonus imperat materiæ, & imponit formam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1400"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam vult, ſubiectis, quantò ergo magis opifex vniuerſalis qui <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materiam ipſam <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan>: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>extundere ſeu excudere formam ex materia potius artifici, quàm naturali efficienti, conueniens <lb></lb>eſſe dicit, veluti cùm ſubtrahendo efficit ſculptor; vt, ſi hoc item de artifice concedatur, vt <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>inferat in materiam, multò magis id de naturali dandum ſit. </s> <s>Nihil tritius apud Ioannem Gram<lb></lb>maticum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Simplicius <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> perſpicuè idem aſſerit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Dicebat item Auerroës dare <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & efficiens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1401"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1402"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita deſcribebat. </s> <s>Dans formam, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>teſtabatur. </s> <s>Dans formam, dare <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſequentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="quã-obrem">quam<lb></lb>obrem</expan> patet, vt falſa ſit vulgata illa propoſitio. </s> <s>Formas educi è ſinu materiæ: inducuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non <lb></lb>educuntur: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> inducuntur ſecundùm poteſtatem materiæ quæ diſcrepat à forma artis; in ea<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia nulla poteſtas ordinata antecedit. </s> <s>Vnde à nobis <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> dictum eſt, formas na<lb></lb>turales ex neceſsitate ſequi materiæ. </s> <s>Etiam Platonici præſtantiſsimi talem <expan abbr="ſnīam">ſententiam</expan> tribuunt Ariſto<lb></lb>teli. </s> <s>Etenim Syrianus 3. p. </s> <s>Phil. </s> <s>ea ſcripſit. </s> <s>Exemplari ipſarum artium toti dico creationi ſpecificę <lb></lb>diſtinctionis minime dare <expan abbr="manū">manum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>& ſi <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> naturam imitata ars hoc ſolùm pacto faceret, ni<lb></lb>ſi multò prius hoc modo natura ipſa operaretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́">Idemque</expan>. </s> <s>adſcribit. (eius ergo verba recenſebo) & <lb></lb>mihi quidem dicere <expan abbr="vr̃">vrm</expan> ideam ſeparatam ab omni materia non dari, ſed quoqúo ſeparatam: nam <lb></lb>ſicut forma artis eſt in anima & in artifice, non <expan abbr="aūt">aut</expan> ſeparata, ſic in efficiente eſt forma, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1403"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>parata à materia, aut <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quid dicendum; vbi, aut agens, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> inducatur, <lb></lb>corruptum ſit, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per aliquod ſpatium à materia ſeparatum? </s> <s>Ad id <expan abbr="rñdebat">rnndebat</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> virtutem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1404"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>agentis per affectiones præuias <expan abbr="cõicari">conicari</expan> materiæ & in illis contineri. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in medio & ſpatio. </s> <s>Nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> ſequitur id quod ſuſpicaretur quiſpiam, ſi ibi eſſet forma, medium <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſſe tale, quale <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt id, quo intendit efficiens: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> formæ dantur pro materiæ meritis: ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> torpor à torpedine <lb></lb>incuſſus non afficit rete, ſed ſi fortè alio <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan>, vt frigefaciendo: afficit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan>, ſic de formis iſtis <lb></lb><expan abbr="aſſeuerandũ">aſſeuerandum</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> <expan abbr="virtutē">virtutem</expan> in præuiis affectionib. contineri, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> non ſunt illæ qua<lb></lb>litates ſimpliciter, ſed inſtrumenta <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="formarū">formarum</expan>. </s> <s>Sicut ergo inſtrumenta poſſunt moueri, & moue<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ceſſante illo quod primò mouit; ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de præuiis affectionib. eſt <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed hæc <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> co<lb></lb>pioſius infrà. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> agens ſpeciale quod eſt actu, poſsit dare ſuam formam, v. </s> <s>g. ſicut <lb></lb>ignis facit ignim, ſic equus equum, & <expan abbr="hõ">homo</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan>, alia quæſtio eſt. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>eius mentis fuiſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="vr̃">vrm</expan>, vt <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad alentem formam perueniant agentia ſpecialia, <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ſuprà poſsint. </s> <s>at ad ſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1405"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tientem, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis ad mentem requiri vim cęleſtem, & agens non vniuocum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in mate<lb></lb>ria conueniens, ſpecialia verò agentia eſſe inſtrumenta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt cęlum quod eſt agens vniuer<lb></lb>ſale, æqualiter ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> concurrens in productione <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> formarum, ſit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> agens ſpeciale, licèt vir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1406"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tute, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu, &, vt dici conſueuit, formaliter. </s> <s>Non ergo equus facit equum, aut <expan abbr="hõ">homo</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed ſol & equus, ſol & <expan abbr="hõ">homo</expan>. </s> <s>Ex his liquet multò magis <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſnīa">ſententia</expan> diſceſſerint Themiſtius, <lb></lb>Ioannes Grammaticus, Auicenna, qui in <expan abbr="oībus">oimbus</expan> <expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan> è ſubſtantiis ſeparatis efficiens ſpeciale pofue<lb></lb>runt, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ij qui putant cęlum eſſe ſolùm agens vniuerſale, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <expan abbr="aīæ">ainæ</expan> cognitricis productio<lb></lb>ne, aut forte in iis quæ gignuntur ex putri, agens ſpeciale, in productione verò <expan abbr="cæterarũ">cæterarum</expan> <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <lb></lb>vniuerſale. </s> <s>Poſſes hîc fortaſſe dubitate curioſius, ſi formæ ita traduntur materiæ ab efficiente, vt <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="educant̃">educantur</expan> ex eius ſinu, ſed <expan abbr="inducant̃">inducantur</expan> in ipſam: ergo extrinſecus ipſę accedunt. </s> <s>verùm ſi hoc ita <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> differentia erit inter <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> & alias formas, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ipſæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> accedant extrinſecùs? </s> <s>prætereà quo <lb></lb>pacto <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> extrinſecùs accedere <expan abbr="teſtat̃">teſtatur</expan> philoſophus, ſi aliæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> formæ ſunt <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, aut ſi <lb></lb>ea ſola talis eſt, quo pacto defendemus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alias extrinſecùs aduenire. </s> <s>An ita <expan abbr="accedũt">accedunt</expan> extrinſecùs, <lb></lb>quia ſunt formaliter in efficiente, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt in materia nihil habeant quod <expan abbr="p̃cedat">pncedat</expan>, niſi <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> pote<lb></lb>ſtatem. </s> <s>at <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> cognoſcens, præter id quae in materia non præceſsit, hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> obtinuit, vt neceſſariò fiat <pb pagenum="195"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1407"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab agente non vniuoco ſeparato, hoc eſt, alterius omninò naturæ ab hiſce nobis familiaribus, & <lb></lb>quan ſola; non quòd ſola ab extrinſeco, ſed quòd ab extrinſeco ſolùm & æquiuoco, quod in ma<lb></lb>teria cum his noſtratibus non conuenit: nullo autem pacto ab vniuoco. </s> <s>cętera ab vniuoco & ean<lb></lb>dem materiam participante fieri queunt vel in ſpecie conſimili, vel in genere, vt calidum à calido; <lb></lb>ſiccum à ſicco; & ſiccum & calidum ab vtroque ſimul, nec alio planè modo, ac fuerit acceptum <lb></lb>12. Met. vbi quod ab vniuoco fit, vt plurimum fit in natura; intrinſecùs fieri teſtatus eſt Ariſto<lb></lb>teles, itaque vbi non ab vniuoco, id etiam ab externo fieri optimè dicatur. </s> <s>Idem quoque iudi<lb></lb>cium de accidentium formis ferendum eſſe ratio perſuadet. </s> <s>Nanque, vt ſæpe dictum eſt dans for<lb></lb>mam dat conſequentia formam. </s> <s>ſic etiam terminos imponens materiæ, de diſtantia & potentia <lb></lb>quanto facit actu quantum. </s> <s>Niſi fiat ab aliquo principio, quod in efficientis externi virtute ope<lb></lb>retur. </s> <s>Sed planè virtus formæ datrix externa eſt, & ab externo forma, tanquam extra materiam <lb></lb>ſit, exhibetur materiæ. </s> <s>Mox ab his etiam decerni poterit de theoremate illo quo veſtigatur, ſit'ne <lb></lb>idem agens quod afficit materiam, & poſteà formam inducit. </s> <s>Nanque etſi homo vt inſtrumen<lb></lb>tum, non vt efficiens habendus eſt. </s> <s>Sol autem generationem abſoluit. </s> <s>Tùm etiam Sect. 2. Probl. <lb></lb>11. docet Ariſtoteles non eſſe eundem calorem qui afficit, atque efficit ſudorem. </s> <s>Prætereà quo<lb></lb>niam afficere qualis eſt, generare autem ſubſtantiæ, tamen de agente vniuoco aſſerimus; idem eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1408"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe agens & afficiens, & de eo, quod quanuis differat ſecundùm plus & minus, ſpecie tamen idem <lb></lb>ſit & de principe non inſtrumento.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1385"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 69. 79.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1386"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1387"></margin.target>b 1. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. cap. 20. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. de gen. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1388"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1389"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1390"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1391"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1392"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1393"></margin.target>b De natu<lb></lb>ra fœtus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1394"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1395"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1396"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>nutu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1397"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1398"></margin.target>c 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 27. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1399"></margin.target>d 1. De An. <lb></lb>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1400"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1401"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1402"></margin.target>f Dign. 3. <lb></lb>de An. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 35. 36. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. de Gen. <lb></lb>in Theoria <lb></lb>T. 82. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1403"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1404"></margin.target>g 1. de Ge<lb></lb>ner. </s> <s>an. </s> <s>c. <lb></lb>20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1405"></margin.target>h 2. De <lb></lb>ge. </s> <s>ani. </s> <s>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1406"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1407"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1408"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De terminis mutationum cum ab initio, tum à fine quęstio proponitur ex ſententia <lb></lb>Latinorum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX his quæ conſtituta ſunt, ſatis, vt puto, perſpicuum eſt ſucceſsionem cuique motui ſiue mu<lb></lb>tationi quæ per ſe eſt, communiter ineſſe: ſed cùm inueniendæ ſint cauſſæ ſucceſsionis, <expan abbr="eęq́ue">eęque</expan> <lb></lb>requirant, atque accipiant vnitatem motus, vnitas verò vniuerſa ducatur à terminis, neque item <lb></lb>illud aut alienum fuerit à natura motus, aut ab ordine noſtræ tractationis, vt ſpeculemur quem<lb></lb>admodum ſe habeant ipſius termini: nam præterquàm quòd motus recti omnes ſunt finiti, ac<lb></lb>cedit etiam illud, quòd & initium & finem habent non perpetuę mutationes. </s> <s>hoc verò nihil erit <lb></lb>aliud, quàm quærere quemadmodum incipiat, ac deſinat motus. </s> <s>Et quoniam ea quæ oriuntur <lb></lb>& intereunt, aut habent, quòd ſint per motum, aut cum motu, ſicut infra narrabimus, etiam eò <lb></lb>perducetur ſermo noſter, vt de illorum exordio atque exitu verba faciamus: nam & vtrunque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1409"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in elementis phyſicis ab Ariſtotele tractatum eſſe nouimus. </s> <s>Hìc verò nobis erit in duo membra <lb></lb>diſtribuenda tractatio noſtra, quorum primo enarrabimus, quid communiter ſentiat Peripateti<lb></lb>corum Schola Themiſtij inter Gręcos, & <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> ferè Latinorum. </s> <s>altero verò ediſſeremus quod<lb></lb>nam germanum & expreſſum Ariſtotelis decretum eſſe credamus. </s> <s>Ad hæc autem omnia intel<lb></lb>ligenda præſtabit, opinor, ſi prius afferamus in <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> eorum ſpecies & parteis quæ ſub hoc theo<lb></lb>remate comprehenduntur, vt cerni poſsit, quemadmodum ad ſingulas accommodandi ſint ſui <lb></lb>ipſarum termini. </s> <s>Scire ergo licet ea quæ non ſunt æterna, verùm à certo tempore duxerunt ori<lb></lb>ginem, impetrare quòd ſint, non ſine motu. </s> <s>hîc verò accipe tu motum, vt communiter etiam <lb></lb>poteſt dici mutatio, aut enim ſunt motus ipſe, aut aliquid motus. </s> <s>Cæterùm etſi non ſine mo<lb></lb>tu omnia fiunt, attamen quædam fiunt cum motu, nonnulla per motum duntaxat. </s> <s>dico autem <lb></lb>ea fieri cum motu, quæcunque particulatim prodeunt in hanc lucem, vt calidum quod per va<lb></lb>rios gradus ad ſummum aſcendit, & denique ea quæ per ſe intenduntur & remittuntur: in his <lb></lb>enim vniuerſis ſpectatur motus per quem paullatim, & in tempore ſuam perfectionem aſſequun<lb></lb>tur: per motum verò fieri illa quæ conſequuntur motum, hoc eſt, continent motum, & ſunt tan<lb></lb>quam termini motus: ita vt non fiant per parteis, nec in tempore, vt illuminatio quæ ſequitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1410"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motum ſolis. </s> <s>Deinde quæ fiunt, aut fiunt cum expulſione contrarij, ideſt, circum ſubiectum <lb></lb>quod actu ſit; aut ſine contrarij expulſione, vbi ſcilicet ſubiectum ſit in ſola poteſtate, velut aër <lb></lb>ad lumen antequam fuerit illuſtratus. </s> <s>At verò ex his quæ nobis olim conſtituta fuerunt, hoc <lb></lb>vnum ſeſe obiicit animaduertendum, quòd poſterior hæc partitio nobis obſeruanda eſt, & attri<lb></lb>buenda, non quemadmodum conſueuere Latini, iis quæ conſequuntur motum, ſed iis quæ fiunt <lb></lb>non ſine motu. </s> <s>cùm enim concluſerimus in ſubſtantia eſſe repugnantiam, prætereà illam in tem<lb></lb>pore fieri, & particulatim, quod appellamus cum motu, quæ verò contrariò carent fieri puncto <lb></lb>temporis; reſtat, vt omnia quæ fiunt è veſtigio, careant contrario, & hæc ſola fiant per motum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic ergo generalis erit diuiſio eorum quæ fiunt non ſine motu. </s> <s>Neque erit inutilis breuis eo<lb></lb>rum repetitio quæ poſuimus olim, videlicet, parteis rei quæ mutatur, eſſe dupliceis; aut enim ſunt <lb></lb>quantæ, quod non ſolùm euenit accidentibus, verùm etiam ſubſtantiis, vt animali cuius diuerſę <lb></lb>partes etiam diuerſis temporibus fiunt, ſiue partes ſeorſum fiant, & ex illarum procreatione de<lb></lb>inde conſurgat totum, ſiue totum fiat ſimul, dum partes ſingulæ producuntur, eæ verò fiant di <pb pagenum="196"></pb>uerſis inſtantibus, quòd ex his quædam tardius abſoluantur, nonnullæ velocius, quemadmodum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1411"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Theophraſtus aliquando teſtatus eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut ſunt ſolùm ſecundùm gradus, velut in iis alterationi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1412"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus quas <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόως</foreign> fieri docuimus, habent enim & illæ plus & minus, ſed tamen æquè fiunt per om<lb></lb>neis parteis. </s> <s>At verò ſi ea vera ſunt quæ prius ſtatuta fuere de eo quòd in ſubſtantia ſit plus & mi<lb></lb>nus; hoc etiam membrum ad ſubſtantias aliquo pacto pertinebit, quicquid cęteri dicant; niſi <lb></lb>quòd gradus in accidentibus eodem nomine ſignificatur, quo forma; in ſubſtantiis non item, <lb></lb>vt ante ſępius audiſti. </s> <s>Deinde cùm principium & finem habeant ea quę mox generantur, nec <lb></lb>ſunt æterna, vtraque aut ſpectari poſſunt ad tempus, aut ad mobile, aut ad terminos motus: nam <lb></lb>ſicut motus eſt finitus, ita & mobile, & tempus in quo certus fit motus, finita ſint neceſſe eſt, cùm <lb></lb>alioqui nulla ſit intermiſsio temporis. </s> <s>Ergo illo accepto, quòd mutatum eſſe, ſit terminus mo<lb></lb>tus, hoc autem per ſe terminum ſignificat mutationis, quod ei mutatio ſemper antecedat, hęc ſta<lb></lb>tuuntur. </s> <s>Conſiderantur modi quibus res eſſe incipiunt, aut deſinunt, de his ea pronunciabat <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles: Omne mutatum eſſe, eſſe quidem indiuiduum, ſed cùm conſideretur mutatum eſſe <lb></lb>aut verſus finem motus, aut verſus eiuſdem principium: verſus finem ſanè dari primum muta<lb></lb>tum eſſe, verſus autem principium non dari primum. </s> <s>Ratio verò huius euenti talis reddeba<lb></lb>tur; quia mutatio non eſt infinita, ergo definit in mutatum eſſe. </s> <s>hoc verò cùm ſit indiuiduum <lb></lb>efficit, vt ſit primùm, ſi enim eſſet diuiduum alia poſſet ante ſe habere; ſic non foret primum. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1413"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Verſus autem principium, cùm ſemper mutatum eſſe requirat mutationem præcedentem, cuius <lb></lb>ſit terminus, primum eſſe non poteſt. </s> <s>At de ſenſu theorematis Ariſtotelici dubitatum eſt à The<lb></lb>miſtio & cęteris accipiente Themiſtio in diuerſis ſignificaris, primum mutatum eſſe finem verſus, <lb></lb>& verſus initium. </s> <s>Cùm enim inquit primum eſſe motus, duo ſignificet, primam partem mo<lb></lb>tus, vt puto, motum, qui antecedit primo gradui qualitatis, qui eſt prima pars qualitatis ſenſilis, <lb></lb>vt dieſis in ſono, & vltimum, qui eſt gradus ſummus, veluti cùm in proximè præcedente ſenſili <lb></lb>ſpatio perfecta non erat qualitas, in proximè ſubſequente perfecta eſt, poſsit etiam ſpectari finis <lb></lb>motus, <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> principium pro puncto quo eſſe incipit, ita vt in proximè præcedente inſtanti <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſet, & quo deſiit, vt in proximè ſubſequente non amplius ſit; ſi de prima motus parte, aut vl<lb></lb>tima loquamur; nec primum, neque vltimum dari poteſt: eſt enim motus per ſe diuiduus in in<lb></lb>finitum: ergo nec primum habet, neque poſtremum: ſed tamen habet primum inſtans, quo cę<lb></lb>pit eſſe, & vltimum quo deſiit. </s> <s>Ita ergo cùm Ariſtoteles ipſe neget primùm dari in motu: de <lb></lb>prima parte motus, hoc accipiendum eſſe ducit; cùm verò fateatur vltimum dari motus, intelli<lb></lb>gi vult de vltimo puncto. </s> <s>Sed tamen in eo Themiſtium hallucinatum eſſe conſtat, quòd etiam <lb></lb>poſtremum id de quo verba facit Ariſtoteles, etſi reſpondet poſtremo temporis puncto, nihilo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1414"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minus eſt terminus intrinſecus motus, & id quod de forma quæ per motum acquiſita fuit, digi<lb></lb>to, vt aiunt, demonſtrari poteſt. </s> <s>Ideò interpretatione Themiſtij dimiſſa, ſic celebriores Latini <lb></lb>rem ediſſerere videntur, generatim quidem dicentes mutatum eſſe, quod eſt in motu, ſicuti pun<lb></lb>ctum in linea, non ſe habere tanquam punctum, nec ſi cum tempore, nec ſi cum motu confera<lb></lb>tur, neque etiam ſi accipiatur vt terminus intrinſecus motus. </s> <s>Sigillatim verò modum quo res <lb></lb>incipit, aut deſinit eſſe geminum aut intrinſecum, aut extrinſecum, ac quo res quidem incipit eſ<lb></lb>ſe extrinſecum ita notari, vltimum non eſſe, intrinſecum verò primum eſſe, primum ſanè, quo<lb></lb>niam res in hoc inſtanti non eſt, ſed proximè ab hoc erit, vbi confertur res cum termino, qui ipſi <lb></lb>externus eſt; quia nondum eſt res, & hic reſpicit futurum. </s> <s>Secundùm verò cùm res eſt nunc, <lb></lb>ſed ante hoc inſtans non fuerat, & res cum termino comparatur qui illi intrinſecus eſt, tunc enim <lb></lb>res eſt & refertur ad præteritum. </s> <s>Alterum autem quo res eſſe deſinit, intrinſecum quidem ap<lb></lb>pellari vltimum eſſe, extrinſecum verò primum non eſſe, illud ſanè, quoniam ante hoc de re præ<lb></lb>dicabatur eſſe, nunc verò prædicatur non eſſe: hoc autem, quia nunc de illo dicitur non eſſe cum <lb></lb>antea diceretur eſſe: intrinſecum illud; quoniam & id notas rem quæ adhuc ſit; extrinſecum <lb></lb>hoc, quia non eſt res: notatur illud per futurum, hoc per præteritum. </s> <s>& omnino extrinſecus <lb></lb>modus illa perhibetur, quo priuatio comprehenditur, vtpote ab ipſius rei natura longiſsimè re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1415"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mota. </s> <s>Cùm tot, atque adeò varij ſint modi quibus res eſſe aut non eſſe contingit, ſigillatim ita <lb></lb>decernunt. </s> <s>De motu atque iis quæ fiunt cum motu, quantum ad parteis attinet, in quibus ſuc<lb></lb>ceſsio ſpectatur, ſiue eæ ſint graduales, vt aiunt, ſiue quantę, non dari vltimum eſſe, ſed vlti<lb></lb>mum non eſſe ab initio, & primum non eſſe, in fine verò primum eſſe; primi illius hanc cauſ<lb></lb>ſam reddunt, quòd diuiduus eſt motus in parteis ſemper diuiduas, ergo neque ab initio, neque <lb></lb>in fine ſumi poteſt aliqua pars, quin ea ſecari poſsit in infinitum: tales enim ſunt continuorum <lb></lb>partes. </s> <s>At de iis quæ per motum non fiunt, ita diſtinguunt. </s> <s>ſi contrario careant, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum illuminationes, habent hæc primum eſſe ab initio, & vltimum eſſe à fine: ſi contrarium <lb></lb>habeant; eſt primum eſſe, dum incipiunt, & primum non eſſe, cùm deſinunt. </s> <s>prius enim non <lb></lb>erant, poſteà ſunt, & cùm eſſent anteà, poſt hoc inſtans amplius non exiſtunt. </s> <s>Attamen, & <lb></lb>iſti philoſophi videntur aberrare à doctrina Peripatetica; proptereà quòd accipiunt partes mo <pb pagenum="197"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1416"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus, <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>conferunt inter ſe, cum Ariſtoteles eius terminos aſſumat. </s> <s>Deinde oppugnant placi<lb></lb>tum Ariſtotelis qui vltimum non eſſe rerum definitioni, hi verò ortui adſcribunt. </s> <s>Prætereà pri<lb></lb>mum eſſe ſubſtantiis, atque omnino permanentibus, cùm ipſi tribuant id motui, atque iis quæ <lb></lb>fiunt cum motu, quatenus complectuntur motum. </s> <s>Mitto nunc, quòd ſubſtantiam non cum <lb></lb>motu generari autumant, id quod fuit nobis anteà confutatum. </s> <s>Ita ergo regulæ iſtæ Latino<lb></lb>rum à ſententia philoſophi valde admodum diſtant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1409"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1410"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1411"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1412"></margin.target>a 1. de cauſ<lb></lb>ſis planta<lb></lb>rum c. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1413"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1414"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1415"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1416"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ ſit germana Philoſophi ſententia de terminis mutationum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ARBITROR equidem Ariſtotelem omnem rem paucioribus, atque illis quidem arctiori<lb></lb>bus regulis comprehendiſſe. </s> <s>primum enim diſtribuit res in ſucceſsiuas, atque permanen<lb></lb>teis, in eas ſcilicet quæ ſunt per parteis, quin potius per terminos ſuos, & eas quarum omnes par<lb></lb>tes ſunt ſimul. </s> <s>Nam in vnoquoque quod ſpectatur ſub ratione quanti, eſt aliquod indiuiduum <lb></lb>quod quidem in extremis eſt actu, inter extrema verò poteſtate, atque in extremis habet vnam <lb></lb>rationem duntaxat, vel initij, vel finis, intra extrema duplicem rationem obtinet, finis quidem, <lb></lb>ſi partem præcedentem reſpicias, initij verò, ſi ſubſequentem. </s> <s>id proptereà partes continuorum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1417"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inter ſe connectuntur & continuantur: ita punctum in linea, linea in ſuperficie, ſuperficies in ſo<lb></lb>lido; inſtans quod nos momentum, ſiue punctum dicimus, in tempore, mutatum eſſe in motu ta<lb></lb>lem vim habent: & hæc ſola ſunt in iis quę ſucceſsiua exiſtunt, partibus antecedentibus iam abo<lb></lb>letis, ſubſequentibus verò non dum exiſtentibus: talia verò ſunt, motus & tempus, ſed cùm tem<lb></lb>pus æternum ſit, neque cęperit, neque deſinere poſsit in Schola Peripatetica, terminos non ha<lb></lb>bet, niſi poteſtate. </s> <s>quòd ſi termini illius aliquando aſsignantur, non ſunt eius ſimpliciter, ſed vt ap<lb></lb>plicatur ad res in tempore <expan abbr="exiſtẽteis">exiſtenteis</expan>, quarum eſt initium & finis. </s> <s>ita quoque de conuerſione qui <lb></lb>motus perpetuus eſt, dicere oportet: nullus enim terminus eſt in ea, quin ſit ſimul finis & <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan>, <lb></lb>ac termini puncto in aliqua cęli ſede notato ſola cogitatione capiuntur. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur alter mo<lb></lb>tus qui perpetuus non eſt. </s> <s>Conſtat hic è duobus terminis inter ſeſe diſtinctis termino à quo, & <lb></lb>termino ad quem in cuius vtriuſque parte eſt, dum eſt actu motus. </s> <s>verùm quia terminus à quo <lb></lb>reuera locum priuationis obtinet, terminus autem ad quem formæ & finis, & omnino rei quæ <lb></lb>ſit; ei verò, quod eſt, & fini, & formæ denominatio rerum tribuitur potiusquàm priuationi, & ei, <lb></lb>quod non eſt. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà quoniam interitus per ſe non expetitur à natura, ſed ortus; eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1418"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>autem gratia paratur interitus: etiam fit, vt generationi ipſi potiusquàm interitui motus condi<lb></lb>ditiones tribuantur: hæc verò tendit ad formam. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd termini illi ſunt in re<lb></lb>bus ſenſilibus qui indicari poſſunt, ſi igitur notetur terminus à quo ſimpliciter, non dum eſt mo<lb></lb>tus. </s> <s>quidquid ſuccedit tribuendum termino ad quem; at poſtquam aliquid acceſsit de termino <lb></lb>ad quem, iam motus eſt, non autem terminus: quippequòd eius partes ſunt motus; id enim ſibi <lb></lb>vult, eſſe diuiduum in infinitum. </s> <s>Ergo ab inito non datur primum mutatum eſſe: at cùm ter<lb></lb>minetur motus forma, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>adueniente ceſſet, hęc autem verè eſt: ideò datur vltimum mo<lb></lb>tus, quod eſt ipſa forma, qua omnes motus proprio iure terminantur. </s> <s>Hoc ergo loco aduerto <lb></lb>tu diligenter, vt ab aliis auctoribus diſcedamus. </s> <s>Etenim ipſi ſecernunt motum à termino ad <lb></lb>quem, & de motu ſine termino ad quem iudicium ferunt id cuius eſt eſſentia, ab eſſentia ſua ſe<lb></lb>parantes: nos motum cum termino accipimus, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione de illius terminis decernimus. </s> <s>Illi <lb></lb>ſumunt de motu non eſſe; nos, quia motus forma terminatur à qua eſt omne eſſe, deſcribimus <lb></lb>ipſum per eſſe. </s> <s>Tertio illi eodem modo de motu ſtatuunt, & de iis quæ cum motu parantur: <lb></lb>nos hæc de motu ſimpliciter, ab Ariſtotele decreta fuiſſe credimus. </s> <s>Illi motui binos terminos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1419"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>priores, <expan abbr="binoſq́">binoſque</expan>. </s> <s>poſteriores adſcribunt; nos tantum duos: alterum à principio qui negatione ſi<lb></lb>gnificatur, alterum à fine qui notatur affirmatione. </s> <s>Ii demum etiam volunt notari terminos, <lb></lb>cùm ſecundùm extentionem & quantitatem, tùm etiam ſecundùm gradum: at nos ſolùm termi<lb></lb>nos ab Ariſtotele deſcriptos eſſe dicimus qui reſpiciunt gradum & ordinem perfectionis; quan<lb></lb>dò illud incertum eſt, nec perpetuum in omni mutatione, neque etiam in eadem ſpecie mutatio<lb></lb>nis: nam poteſt lac totum concreſcere, poteſt etiam affici particulatim: at gradus & ordo per<lb></lb>fectionis in natura certus & perpetuus eſt. </s> <s>Nunc ad reliqua tranſeamus quæ permanentia nomi<lb></lb>nantur. </s> <s>Hæc cùm fiant vel per generationem, vel ſine generatione, & indiuiduè: de poſtremis <lb></lb>hiſce ſolum id habemus ex Ariſtotele, quòd ſimul fiunt & ſunt; ſimul intereunt & interierunt, <lb></lb>& prætereà nihil. </s> <s>Sed ea fortaſſe quæ ſubiicientur, attinentia ad alteram partem permanentium <lb></lb>cum iis quæ de ſucceſsiuis ſtatuimus, præbebunt <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan>, niſi fallor, etiam enucleandi proprie<lb></lb>tateis illorum, ſi quæ ſunt. </s> <s>Inde verò res omnis intelligetur, ſi ante expoſuerimus, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum ſe habeat motus per quem, ſeu cum quo ipſa producuntur, hic obitur inter contraria, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb></lb>inter priuationem & formam: modò à priuatione tendens ad formam, modò contra à forma <lb></lb>ad priuationem; & dum tendit à priuatione ad formam habens rationem generationis, ſiue ſim <pb pagenum="198"></pb>pliciter vt in ſubſtantia, ſiue ſecundùm quid, vt in accidentibus, dum contrà tendit à forma ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1420"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>priuationem, habens rationem corruptionis quæ itidem diſtribuitur in eam quæ ſimpliciter eſt, <lb></lb>& quæ ſecundùm quid; qui motus ita inter ſe connexi ſunt, vt vnus ſine altero præſtari non poſ<lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>quo factum eſt, vt re vera ortus vnius ſit alterius oppoſiti interitus, & vnus ſit re ipſa termi<lb></lb>nus, licet ratione diſtinguatur, quo terminatur corruptio rei quæ corrumpitur, & quo termina<lb></lb>tur generatio rei quæ fit; atque adeò vt eo vſque ſit res quæ corrumpebatur, donec abſoluta eſt <lb></lb>altera quæ prodibat in lucem: nec eſſe poſsit res quæ fiebat, niſi iam corrupta ſit altera quæ in<lb></lb>teribat. </s> <s>aliter manere contraria ſimul poſſent: aut aliquod eſſe tempus, quo materia deſerta eſ<lb></lb>ſet ab omni forma; neque res eſſet, neque non eſſet; quæ certè natura non patitur. </s> <s>Ergo ſequi<lb></lb>tur, vt idem ſit vltimum non eſſe rei quæ corrumpebatur, & primum eſſe rei quæ <expan abbr="fiebāt">fiebant</expan>; nam <lb></lb>tunc de re quæ corrumpebatur, verè aſſeri non poteſt non eſſe, & de ea quæ fiebat, quòd eſt, cùm <lb></lb>anteà liceret ſolum dicere, hæc corrumpitur, illa verò fit. </s> <s>dicitur autem vltimum non eſſe, quo<lb></lb>niam cùm corrumperetur, tendebat ad non eſſe; vbi verò res eſt quæ fiebat, tùm extremum non <lb></lb>eſt, neque datur primum non eſſe in corruptione; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ea quoque motus eſt, qui in alios mo<lb></lb>tus diuidi poteſt. </s> <s>ac primum eſſe rei quæ fiebat: quia tum primum eſt, cùm res illa quæ corrum<lb></lb>pebatur, amplius non eſt; quod & dum fit album, & dum fit homo, licet aſſerere. </s> <s>nam ſic vlti<lb></lb>mum non eſſe ſeminis eſt primum eſſe hominis, & vltimum non eſſe nigri eſt primum eſſe albi. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1421"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Neque obſtat quòd album etiam, antequàm ad vltimum gradum peruenerit, album nuncupa<lb></lb>tur; homo non item. </s> <s>quia in generatione albi ſumi poteſt aliqua pars ſenſilis quæ tum eſt id, <lb></lb>quod natura aut aſſequi vult, aut producere poteſt: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>obtinet rationem albi terminati, & <lb></lb>formæ, & idcirco etiam quando procedit vlterius albi generatio, fit aliud <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>, quaſi ſit alia eius <lb></lb>forma, & è <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> nigro, vbi vltimum non eſſe talis nigri eſt primum eſſe talis albi; verbigratia, cùm <lb></lb>ex albo vt duo fit tranſitus ad album vt quattuor; ſed ita fit ex albo, vt duo, tanquam ſi eſſet ni<lb></lb>grum vt ſex, & huius eſt vltimum non eſſe quod eſt primum eſſe albi vt quattuor. </s> <s>Ita facimus <lb></lb>idem iudicium de permanentibus, quæ cum motu fiunt ſiue ſubſtantiæ ſint, ſiue accidentia. <lb></lb></s> <s>& cum aliqua ratio motus ſiue ſucceſsionis ad ortum ſubſtantiæ pertinear: quòd eodem modo <lb></lb>termini in ſubſtantia & accidente conſtituendi ſint. </s> <s>Sic ergo diſcedimus ab iis qui aliam ratio<lb></lb>nem terminorum ſubſtantiæ tribuunt, atque aliam accidenti; præſertim cùm Ariſtoteles hæc <lb></lb>quaſi intereà nihil interſit, non diſtinxerit. </s> <s>Iam verò quod reſtat de iis quę tùm fiunt, tùm etiam <lb></lb>momento temporis intereunt, cùm fiant ſimul & ſint, cùm etiam corrumpantur ſimul & non <lb></lb>ſint: patet ab intrinſeca ratione terminos ſumi non poſſe, nulla enim differentia eſt inter partem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1422"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ fit, & eam quæ facta eſt. </s> <s>igitur per temporis terminos ſolummodò notabuntur. </s> <s>Quamob<lb></lb>rem aut erit primum illorum eſſe, quia ſcilicet erit primum punctum ante quod non licebat di<lb></lb>cere hoc eſt, & poſt quod licet dicere, hoc eſt. </s> <s>Aut etiam cùm iſtæ mutationes pendeant ex aliis <lb></lb>motibus, ideò ex eorum terminis indicari, vt cùm ſit primum eſſe quo Sol eſt in hoc puncto, vnde <lb></lb>illuminat <expan abbr="horizõtem">horizontem</expan> noſtrum, etiam vt eſt primum eſſe ſolis in hoc puncto, ſic etiam ſit primum <lb></lb>eſſe illuminationis, & ab oppoſito cum vltimò non eſt ſuprà horizontem, tunc etiam ſit vltimum <lb></lb>non eſſe terminationis in eo; proptereà vel terminum definitionis ego notarem negatione ſic. </s> <s>non <lb></lb>dari vltimum non eſſe: quoniam non deſinit per corruptionem, ſed ad extremum vſque perma<lb></lb>net ſeruans eundem tenorem, nec dicere licet vltimum eſſe, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> terminatur forma, vel etiam <lb></lb>extrinſecùs ipſi concederem terminos pro ratione terminorum quos aſſecuta eſt illa res cuius <lb></lb>motum talis mutatio ſequitur, quod ita eueniet non ſi terminos motus acceperis, quoad eſt mo<lb></lb>tus, ſed ſi ipſum vbi conſideres quod per motum comparatur: exiſtit enim illuminatio per mo<lb></lb>tum quidem, ſed non cum motu, & cum ipſo vbi tantummodò. </s> <s>quare vt eſt eius primum eſſe & <lb></lb>vltimum non eſſe, ſic eſt primum eſſe & vltimum non eſſe illuminationis. </s> <s>Vbi etiam nota diffe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1423"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rentiam inter nos & Latinos auctores; cùm ipſi velint accidentia incipere per vltimum non eſſe; <lb></lb>& hæc quæ ſubitò fiunt vltimum eſſe obtinere.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1417"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1418"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1419"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1420"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1421"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1422"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1423"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquæ diluuntur contra noſtra decreta de terminis mutationum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò certa nota rectę determinationis eſſe ſolet, ſi per ea quæ poſita ſunt, di<lb></lb>luantur dubitationes quæ in propoſito contingunt, non erit ab re nunc aliqua contra hęc <lb></lb>afferre, & experiri vtrum'ne ea quæ conſtituimus, aliquid controuerſiæ præſeferant. </s> <s>Cùm igi<lb></lb>tur conſtitutum ſit in motu primum non dari; hæc videri poterant perſuadere oppoſitum: <lb></lb>nanque poteſt aſsignari primum tempus in quo fit vniuerſus motus, vt puta, hora: cum ergo ho<lb></lb>ra vtrinque terminos habeat; motus etiam neceſſe eſt habeat terminos. </s> <s>Rurſus videntur ſecum <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõgruere">congruere</expan> motus & ſpatium per quod fit motus: atqui ſpatium terminos habet, & motus igitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tertiò finitum eſt cuius ſunt termini cùm ab initio, tùm ab exitu. </s> <s>Sed quilibet motus non æter <pb pagenum="199"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1424"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus eſt finitus: habet igitur vtrinque terminos. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi non detur primum in motu; cùm <lb></lb>partem formæ ponat motus; <expan abbr="iſq́ue">iſque</expan> ſit diuiduus in infinitum; ſequetur, vt danda ſit minor mi<lb></lb>nima qualitate. </s> <s>Eſt aliud etiam quod nos interturbet ob ea quæ de materiæ & priuationis inte<lb></lb>ritu dicenda ſunt: decernendum eſt enim propter Ariſtotelis monita 1. Phyſ. materiam corrum<lb></lb>pi per accidens, priuationem verò per ſe; aut, ſi malis compoſitum ex materia & priuatione per <lb></lb>ſe corrumpi; nihilominus ita corrumpitur, quòd in eo corrumpitur priuatio: proptereà conſi<lb></lb>militer dubitari continget. </s> <s>Quo igitur pacto dabimus vltimum non eſſe in interitum? </s> <s>Nam ſi <lb></lb>vltimum eſſe eſt eius quod anteà fuerit; poſt verò non eſt amplius priuatio, quia non erat ens, <lb></lb>non videtur terminari non eſſe. </s> <s>Aut igitur priuatio eſt ens, aut non eſt dandum vltimum non <lb></lb>eſſe, aut malè ab Ariſtotele conſtitutum eſt priuationem per ſe corrumpi. </s> <s>An, vt hinc exordiar, <lb></lb>huic malo remedium ſic adhibebimus, ſi dixerimus Ariſtotelem id obſeruaſſe quod ſenſum mo<lb></lb>uet, & quod pleroſque tentat, nimirùm compoſitum quod per ſe ſenſile eſt (nam priuatio ſola <lb></lb>mente comprehenditur, cùm priuatio nihil per ſe ſit, ſed merito, ſubiecti in quo eſt, & formę cu<lb></lb>ius ipſa eſt abſentia, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo compoſitum ex materia & priuatione) & quod manifeſtè <lb></lb>conſpicitur, ex eo quod eſt, in aliud conuerti, nec retinere ſuam naturam, priuationem verò ne<lb></lb>glexiſſe, quia nobis perſpicua non ſit. </s> <s>Attamen ſiquis velit Ariſtotelicum præceptum <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vſque in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1425"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1426"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>elementa diſſoluere; ſtatuet priuationem eſſe illam quæ per ſe interit, & aduentu nouæ formæ <lb></lb>non amplius eſt, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>adſcribet eſſe quo ſuum ipſius proprium eſt, & ex nouæ formæ præſentia <lb></lb>prorſus delebitur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>iudicium de compoſito ex materia & priuatione faciet. </s> <s>Nec incom<lb></lb>modi quicquam inde reſurget: ſed cùm & ipſa cum antecedente forma permaneat, & quia non <lb></lb>amplius extet, vbi noua forma ſuccedit; ſic verè eſſe & non eſſe tribuentur compoſito ex mate<lb></lb>ria & forma, quod non conſeruatur; priuationi verò & compoſito ex ipſa, quod ſuum ipſorum <lb></lb>proprium eſt. </s> <s>Ad reliqua atque alia conſimilia ſic reſpondetur. </s> <s>Primò ſolet notari ratio diſpar <lb></lb>lineę ac motus, puncti & mutati eſſe: nam lineæ poteſt aliquod initium deſignari, ante quod nul<lb></lb>la ſit alia linea; ſic ante punctum non eſt punctus: ſed nulla pars motus aſsignari poteſt, ante<lb></lb>quam non ſit motus; ſemper enim diuidi poteſt in alios motus; ſic mutatum eſſe ſemper habet <lb></lb>ante ſe alia mutata eſſe propter inconſtantiam, puto, eius rei; neque enim manet id quod moue<lb></lb>tur, in eodem ſtatu plus quam per vnicum inſtans; ob id datur primus punctus in linea; & in <lb></lb>motu non poteſt dari primum mutatum eſſe. </s> <s>Idem quoque de tempore dicendum foret, cùm <lb></lb>per ſe conſideratur: nam fortè ſi ſpectatur quatenus applicatur ad rem quæ eſt in tempore, di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1427"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cendum ſit aliter, quia tunc dicitur eſſe aliquod primum tempus atque aliquod primum nunc <lb></lb>ante quod motus non erat, & aliquod nunc cui nullum aliud præcedat. </s> <s>Sed iſti perperam hæc <lb></lb>tempori per ſe ſumpto adſcribunt, <expan abbr="mihiq́">mihique</expan>. </s> <s>ſolutio hæc pluribus vitiis, obnoxia videtur. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>id ineſt primùm quod ab Ariſtotele notatum eſt contra Zenonem: nanque hæc videtur eſſe ſo<lb></lb>lutio ad hominem & rationem, non autem ad rem. </s> <s>Impeditur enim proceſſus rationis indi<lb></lb>cata diſsimilitudine puncti, & mutati eſſe. </s> <s>Sed tamen adhuc dubitatio ſeruat robur: proptereà <lb></lb>quòd è non motu fit motus; ergo fuit factus aliquando motus, ſi non ſimpliciter; at hic atque <lb></lb>ille: & fuit aliquando tempus quo licebat dicere, nunc non eſt motus, poſteà motus eſt. </s> <s>Quid <lb></lb>igitur de tali principio dicendum eſt? </s> <s>aut enim diuiduum eſt, aut indiuiduum; ac ſi diuiduum <lb></lb>fuerit, mutationis termini eſſe poterunt diuiſi. </s> <s>iam enim accipio tanquam perſpicuum eſſe cu<lb></lb>iuſque mutationis terminos indiuiduos, & in puncto temporis ex non hoc eſſe hoc: licet fieri <lb></lb>poſsit, vt non ſubitò quidem, ſed tempore ex non hoc fiat hoc, & quod mutatio eſt, cùm è non <lb></lb>motu fit motus, neque idcirco ſequi motus eſſe aliquem motum, quia non eſt motus, ſeu muta<lb></lb>tio illa motus <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tanquam ſubiecti, ſed tanquam termini ſolùm; cùm cęteroquin ea quæ conclu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1428"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1429"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſerat Ariſtoteles; motum non eſſe motus, tanquam de ſubiecto ſint accipienda. </s> <s>non igitur diui<lb></lb>duum eſt tale principium. </s> <s>quòd ſi fuerit indiuiduum, iam erit primum motus, quod ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele negatum eſt. </s> <s>Neque ſufficit, ſi mutatum eſſe dicas requirere motum; quia tametſi ea <lb></lb>ratione, quà mutatum eſt, requirit motum, at non, quà primum, de quo nunc quęrimus. </s> <s>quo<lb></lb>niam, inquam ego. </s> <s>eſto; non ſit hoc mutatum eſſe; at nil vetat, quominus ſit primum & fallax <lb></lb>eſt ea ratio, quòd motus principio careat, linea verò minimè: quandò motus ſic diuidi poſsit in <lb></lb>alios motus, non magis quàm linea diuidi poteſt in alias lineas, atque omnia reliqua continua. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mitto eos nunc qui ponunt in tempore terminos ſecundum rem, & per ſe, cùm tamen ſint ſecun<lb></lb>dùm cogitationem, & ad ea quæ fiunt in tempore, aut eius puncto, quanquam de hac ipſa re in <lb></lb>extremo voluminis agendum eſt diligentius. </s> <s>Neque potes dicere hoc fore primum, ſed tamen <lb></lb>non motus, hoc eſt, eſſe quidem terminum motus, non autem partem eo quòd neque mutatum <lb></lb>eſſe eſt pars motus, neque omnino diuidui, id quod eſt indiuiduum. </s> <s>Præterquamquòd aduer<lb></lb>ſus hoc valet Ariſtotelica ratio. </s> <s>Primum non eſt motus; quoniam ipſe diuidi poteſt in alios mo<lb></lb>tus. </s> <s>In re quam alij conniuent, dicam id quod mihi diutius cogitanti venit in mentem. </s> <s>Pri<lb></lb>mùm igitur diſtinguamus de motu: ipſe autem accipitur, vt ſignificat ſucceſsionem & fluxum, <pb pagenum="200"></pb>atque, vt aiunt, formaliter, aut proceſſum certæ formæ, atque, vt dici ſolet, materialiter. </s> <s>nos agi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1430"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus nunc de motu, quatenus eſt fluxus, infra de altero eius ſignificato diſputaturi. </s> <s>In illa ergo <lb></lb>mutatione, in qua è non motu dicitur fieri vel eſſe motus, eſt quod iam diuiduum eſt & ſicut in<lb></lb>ſtanti tempus adnexum eſt, non alterum inſtans; inſtans enim non eſt continuum, neque contin<lb></lb>guum, neque conſequens; ſed tempus adnectitur; ſic vbi motus eſt, ei quod eſt non eſſe motum <lb></lb>conſequens eſſe motum, & ſicut inſtans, vnde cępit tempus, reipſa finis eſt, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam <lb></lb>tribuitur præterito. </s> <s>hoc enim extitit: non autem futuro, licet ſit eius initium; quia non dum <lb></lb>extat hoc, & quia poſt illud id quod eſt, eſt tempus & diuiduum, ſic quod eſt indiuiduum ab <lb></lb>initio motus, illi tribuitur quod motui præceſsit: nam quod conſequitur, omne diuiduum eſt, <lb></lb>& motus. </s> <s>quo fit, vt ſit prima quidem pars motus, ſed non primum tanquam indiuiduum, ſiue <lb></lb>appelletur hoc mutatum eſſe, ſiue primum eſſe ſimpliciter, nihil refert. </s> <s>Quare ad dubitationem <lb></lb>propoſitam facilè reſpondeo. </s> <s>Eſt primum tempus in quo fit motus. </s> <s>fateor. </s> <s>ſunt & termini tem<lb></lb>poris. </s> <s>concedo. </s> <s>ergo & termini motus, & id tibi do. </s> <s>Tu adiungis. </s> <s>Termini temporis ſunt indi<lb></lb>uidui, ergo & termini motus, initium ſcilicet & finis. </s> <s>Iam ineſt fallacia in argumento, quoniam <lb></lb>termini, vnde incipit tempus, ſunt præteriti re ipſa, non autem eiusquod incipit. </s> <s>Sed omne id <lb></lb>quod eſt, eius quod incipit, eſt tempus & diuiduum; ita quoque de motu dicendum eſt. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1431"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primum quod eſt indiuiduum eſt alterius formæ, cuius eſt primum non eſſe, quare nihil huius <lb></lb>motus, quod conſequitur ſic habet: nam fit motus in tempore & primum motus in primo tem<lb></lb>pore, quia etiam primum motus eſt motus. </s> <s>In qua re ſucceſsiua diſtinguuntur à permanentibus, <lb></lb>quoniam hæc habent, quòd ſint ſimul & indiuiduè, ideò in quolibet inſtanti, poſtquàm exiſtunt, <lb></lb>illis tribui poteſt illud eſſe quod eſt indiuiduum, & quatenus tale non obnoxium tempori. </s> <s>Ideò <lb></lb>tollitur ſecunda dubitatio, qua confertur motus cum ſpatio, quoniam ſpatium permanens eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec verò negatur motum habere terminos; ſed id negatur, quòd pręter vltimum motus primum <lb></lb>ſit ipſius motus: ſed eſt eius quod præceſsit. </s> <s>pręterquamquòd finitus motus accipitur ibi vel ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, vel ad ſpatium; <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> illud <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ab initio habet inſtans, quod eſt re ipſa ipſius pręteriti: <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpatiū">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="aūt">aut</expan>, quia permanens, per ſe <expan abbr="terminatũ">terminatum</expan> eſt; quare communicat terminationem motui, quæ <lb></lb>tamen eius diuiſioni non obſtat. </s> <s>Id autem quod ſpatio tribuimus in latione, poteſt item cęteris <lb></lb>motibus, proportione conuenire: nam quod in iis eſt res ipſa, & id quod obtinet materialis; quia <lb></lb>progreſſus eſt à potentia, quæ per ſe infinita eſt, terminari autem poteſt forma & actu; ad actum <lb></lb>ipſum & formam, quæ per ſe terminata eſt, omnis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> terminationis in illis intrinſecè cauſſa eſt.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1432"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1424"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1425"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 82.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1426"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1427"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1428"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1429"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1430"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1431"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1432"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicantur accidentis termini, & docetur vt in illorum quoque productione non ſit <lb></lb>primum eſſe. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CAETERVM quod attinet ad tertiam illam difficultatem: quoniam deſiderat eius dilutio <lb></lb>notitiam terminorum accidentis, & de hoc ipſo eſt quod noſtro marte dicamus, atque eru<lb></lb>ditiſsimus vir Franciſcus Toletus eam tractationem pollicetur, neque tamen præſtat 8. Phyſico<lb></lb>rum, operęprecium me facturum puto, ſi nonnulla nunc afferam, vnde etiam certior dubitatio<lb></lb>num exitus habeatur. </s> <s>Itaque negant Latini quidam terminos accidentium ob eam præcipuè ra<lb></lb>tionem; nam ſi minimus calor in rerum natura poſſet eſſe; profectò motus ſubito obiretur: at <lb></lb>omnis motus eſt in tempore, idcircò minimum caloris eſſe nequit; idem de cęteris accidentibus <lb></lb>judicium faciendum eſt. </s> <s>Coniunctum approbatur, facta terminorum expoſitione, more ma<lb></lb>thematico ſit primus caloris gradus, ponamus cum tempore contrahi. </s> <s>cùm ſic contrahatur, ſuc<lb></lb>ceſsiuè & particulatim: non erit igitur primum, neque minimum; hoc autem aduerſatur noſtrę <lb></lb>poſitioni: quòd ſi primum eſt, quemadmodum accipimus, non contrahetur particulatim: tem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1433"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poris igitur puncto fiet: atqui gradus eſt iam aliquid actu, & qualitas, igitur qualitas puncto <expan abbr="tẽ-poris">ten<lb></lb>poris</expan> accedet. </s> <s>& ob id, aut qualitas ſine affectione, aut affectio ſine tempore obiri poterit; quod <lb></lb>ſanè euertit omnia quæ in libris phyſicorum ordine admirabili demonſtrata ſunt. </s> <s>quare ſequi<lb></lb>tur, vt non ſit minimum in accidentibus. </s> <s>Sed meo quidem iudicio fallax eſt hoc argumentum <lb></lb>eo quòd primus gradus qualitatis duo notare poteſt, aut id quod dicitur primum affectum eſſe, <lb></lb>hoc verò non dari ſupra demonſtratum eſt abundè: aut primum eſſe qualitatis ſenſilis, quod eſt <lb></lb>ſicuti forma: atque hoc iterum conſideratur dupliciter, vel vt terminus ſolùm ſine via ad hunc <lb></lb>terminum, vel ſimul cum ipſa via: quòd ſi vt terminus ſolùm accipiatur, eſt in non tempore: <lb></lb>neque de eo verè prædicatur fieri, ſed eſſe, ſicut de cęteris indiuiduis. </s> <s>quòd ſi cum ſua via ſuma<lb></lb>tur; beneficio viæ tempore comparatur: ideò nulla eſt neceſsitas eius argumenti. </s> <s>Nam quando <lb></lb>inſtant quærentes de primo gradu coloris, vtrùm tempore contrahatur, nec'ne. </s> <s>Tempore nos <lb></lb>aimus. </s> <s>Cùm vrgent rurſus, Ergo non primum: quoniam comparatur particulatim, dicimus <lb></lb>etiam, ſi ita comparetur, non proptereà tolli, quin ſit primum: neque ob id ſequi vt detur minus <lb></lb>minimo: quoniam antequàm peruenerit ad eum terminum, quo primo ſenſilis eſt, calor fit, & <pb pagenum="201"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1434"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non dum eſt qualitas: tum verò eſt qualitas, vbi iam ſenſilis facti eſt: & quando non eſt ſenſilis <lb></lb>non eſt qualitas, niſi poteſtate, & quemadmodum pars dieſeos non eſt ſonus, quia non auditur, <lb></lb>ſic, quæ non cadunt in ſenſus, non ſunt qualitates; ea enim fuit Ariſtotelis firma ſententia, atque <lb></lb>à communi hominum ſenſu ducta, cui refragari difficile admodum eſt, id quod ſenſile non eſt, <lb></lb>qualitatem eſſe non poſſe, quod item ab ipſo pluribus rationibus munitum ac diſputatum con<lb></lb>tra Platonicos fuit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qualitates naturales ex indiuiduis primordiis componentes, quæ item cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1435"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſi formarum, quæ ad eſſentiam pertinerent, elementa ponerent, eas nos, quà de ortu ſubſtantia<lb></lb>rum diſſeremus, exponere inſtituimus. </s> <s>Quare ſi hæc vera ſunt, vt certè in phyſicis eſt confiten<lb></lb>dum; non pugnabunt hæc ſecum, eſſe ſcilicet primam qualitatem, & contrahi particulatim. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi roges, quid ergo ſunt iſtæ partes? </s> <s>ad quod' nam prædicamentum referuntur? </s> <s>Certè <lb></lb>etiam & ipſæ qualitates erunt analogicè; quoniam qualitatis initia; ſed videbuntur imitari par<lb></lb>tem illam ſubſtantiæ proportione quam in ortu ante extremam formam produci dictum eſt: <lb></lb>eas enim materiæ partem faciebamus. </s> <s>ſic aimus eas qualitatis parteis per ſe notare ſolùm mate<lb></lb>riam: à qualitate ſignificari prætereà formam, ac potius appellandas eſſe affectioneis quàm qua<lb></lb>litateis: & demum qualitates in potentia. </s> <s>ſic ergo, gradus vt pręſeferunt ordinem ad perfectio<lb></lb>nem, notant materiam, vt verò certum obtinuere terminum, iam ſunt qualitates. </s> <s>Ita cùm adiun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1436"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gis, ſi primùm; ergo non producetur particulatim; hoc verò nego, & reliqua quæ manant ex <lb></lb>hoc. </s> <s>Neque hîc eſt quòd quæras, vt iſtæ qualitates potentia conſiſtant; ne fortè dubites materiam <lb></lb>aliquandò ſeparatam offendi ab omni actu: manent enim tunc, cum actu oppoſito, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum explicabimus, quà de intentione formarum. </s> <s>Hæc non admodum animaduertens Zima<lb></lb>ra negauit minimum in qualitatibus habentibus contrarium; neque vidit eas quæ non habent <lb></lb>contrarium, idem habere ſummum & minimum, quia non intenduntur, neque remittuntur; <lb></lb>deceptus autem eſſe videtur in eo, quòd ignorauit parteis, quæ ſunt infra primam qualitatem ſen<lb></lb>ſilem, non eſſe qualitates. </s> <s>Hinc patet fallacia quartæ illius dubitationis quæ tertio ab hoc capi<lb></lb>te propoſita eſt. </s> <s>Neque enim neceſſe eſt dari minus minimo in qualitate, etiamſi prima quali<lb></lb>tas per motum producatur, & per parteis in infinitum diuiduas, cùm id quod eſt infra primam <lb></lb>qualitatem, non ſit qualitas, niſi potentia, & notet materiam cuius proprium eſt diuidi in infi<lb></lb>nitum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1433"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1434"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1435"></margin.target>a 3. de Cę<lb></lb>lo, libro de <lb></lb>ſenſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1436"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ostenditur vtroſque terminos conflare eſſentiam motus; magis tamen terminum <lb></lb>ad quem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1437"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1437"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POTVIT & id quoque dubitari non modò ob ea quæ nunc tanquam firma & certa conſti<lb></lb>tuta ſunt, ſed propter illa item quæ nos olim accepimus. </s> <s>Nam ſæpe poſita ſunt à nobis tria <lb></lb>motus elementa, terminus à quo, terminus ad quem, & ſubiectum. </s> <s>An'ne vera ſit prorſus ea <lb></lb>poſitio, videlicet, terminum à quo eſſe partem quampiam motus. </s> <s>Neque enim defuere qui ſe<lb></lb>cus exiſtimare potuiſſe videantur (nanque etſi ad hoc problema nihil priuatim dicunt; ea tamen <lb></lb>decernunt ex quibus hæc conſequuntur) terminum à quo ad motus eſſentiam nullo modo per<lb></lb>tinere: ſed alterum illi oppoſitum duntaxat in eſſentia motus eſſe recipiendum. </s> <s>Rationes au<lb></lb>tem quibus vtuntur, huiuſmodi ſunt. </s> <s>Motus nil eſt aliud, quàm actus eius quod poteſtate, qua<lb></lb>tenus huiuſmodi. </s> <s>hoc verò nil aliud ſibi vult, quàm proceſſum in actum perfectum. </s> <s>Ergo ſo<lb></lb>lum ſignificat viam in terminum ad quem. </s> <s>Confirmatur autem ex eo, quòd etiam motus inci<lb></lb>pit à termino ad quem, velut albefactio à primo gradu albedinis. </s> <s>& reipſa eſt profectus in albe<lb></lb>dine, extrinſecus autem proceſſus in nigredine, aboletur enim. </s> <s>Accedit eodem auctoritas Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis qui motuum repugnantiam iudicandam eſſe cenſeat ex aduerſitate terminorum ad quos, <lb></lb>non autem terminorum à quibus, quaſi nullam rationem termini à quo habendam eſſe cenſuerit <arrow.to.target n="marg1438"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Itaque etiam motus veritatem à termino ad quem duntaxat arbitrantur eſſe peten<lb></lb>dam. </s> <s>Sic igitur etſi non ſine termino à quo conſtat motus, at illi ineſt veluti comes, non vt prin<lb></lb>cipium & eſſentia motus. </s> <s>Hoc equidem placitum arctè tenuiſſe <expan abbr="accurateq́">accurateque</expan>. </s> <s>defendiſſe grauiſsi<lb></lb>mos viros accepimus, ex quo etiam nata ſunt illa, nimirum id poteſtatis quod in motus defini<lb></lb>tione comprehenderetur, ad terminum ad quem referri oportere. </s> <s>Nam cùm id ſine contro<lb></lb>uerſia detur à Peripateticis terminum ad quem in motu principem locum obtinere, & poteſtas in <lb></lb>definitione motus ſibi vendicet primas. </s> <s>Ergo neceſſe eſt poteſtas & terminus ad quem reapſe <lb></lb>conueniant. </s> <s>Potiſsimam verò partem definitionis eſſe poteſtatem in motu ſic approbant. </s> <s>Talis <lb></lb>enim definitio motus aſsignata eſt. </s> <s>Actus eius quod ſit poteſtate, quatenus eſt poteſtate. </s> <s>In qua <lb></lb>ſanè oratione actus locum generis occupauit, poteſtas verò differentiæ. </s> <s>Atqui differentia, quo<lb></lb>niam eſt ſicuti forma, magis attingit eſſentiam rei quàm genus, quod eſt ſicuti materia. </s> <s>Tùm de<lb></lb>inde quia motus acceptum refert, quòd vnus ſit, & à cęteris ſeparatus, termino ad quem; ad hunc <lb></lb>verò eſt in potentia. </s> <s>Igitur poteſtate motus ipſe determinatur; quippe qui in eiuſmodi pote <pb pagenum="202"></pb>ſtate conſiſtat. </s> <s>Tertiò quoniam res quæ mouentur, non mouentur ſanè merito formæ quam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1439"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aſſecutæ iam ſunt, in illa enim conquieſcunt: ergo mouentur propter formam quam nondum <lb></lb>habent, ſed planè poſſunt habere. </s> <s>Proptereà motus potiſsime fit ob poteſtatem. </s> <s>Poſtremò <lb></lb>ponatur aqua quæ ad ignem calefiat & ferueat, ac dum feruet, calefaciat aliud: certè non calefit, <lb></lb>& calefacit propter idem principium; verùm propter actum calefacit quem iam adepta erat, ca<lb></lb>lefit autem merito caloris illius quem nondum habet, ſed ad quem eſt in potentia. </s> <s>Hæc nobis <lb></lb>perpendenda non ociosè, vt iis ventilatis, & probè diſcuſsis experiamur an'ne germanam præce<lb></lb>ptoris noſtri ſententiam aſſequi valeamus. </s> <s>Quod vt rite peragatur, docebimus in primis non<lb></lb>modò terminum ad quem, verùm etiam terminum à quo, constare eſſentiam motus, tametſi ter<lb></lb>minus ad quem ſibi primos honores in motu aſſumit: quanquam ego neminem obſeruo qui id <lb></lb>neget. </s> <s>Prætereà ſedulò diſquiremus an'ne poteſtas priorem locum occupet in motu; <expan abbr="itidemq́ue">itidemque</expan> <lb></lb>an'ne potius terminum ad quem reſpiciat quàm terminum à quo, vt illi dicere coguntur, quo<lb></lb>rum rationes anteà recitauimus. </s> <s>Nunc audiamus ea quæ mihi perſuadent terminum à quo per<lb></lb>tinere ad eſſentiam motus. </s> <s>In primis quòd cauſſa prima propterquam ineſt aliquid cuipiam, <lb></lb>demum eſt eſſentia; ſed eſſe diuiduum ineſt in motu, per id primum quod eſt partim eſſe in ter<lb></lb>mino à quo, partim in termino ad quem: ergo terminus vterque eſt eſſentia motus. </s> <s>In ſubie<lb></lb>cto enim eiuſmodi naturam contineri neceſſe eſt, vnde propenſio fluat ex qua attributi eiuſmo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1440"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di reddatur particeps quod ineſt per ſe. </s> <s>Ita enim ea decernebat Ariſtoteles ineſſe per ſe, & de<lb></lb>monſtrationi ſubiici quæ cognata eſſent, & ex ſubiecti principiis ortum ducerent. </s> <s>Sed eſſe diui<lb></lb>duum, hoc eſt, habere partium productionem & terminos poteſtate, quanuis communi quadam <lb></lb>ratione ſit ingenitum quantitati, propria tamen ratione, qua motus eſt, hoc eſt, qua eſt imperfe<lb></lb>ctum quid, & in eo poſitum quod eſt fieri, eſt vtriuſque termini participem eſſe; ex quo etiam <lb></lb>6. Phyſ. ab Ariſtotele demonſtratur, vt in hoc eodem volumine ſcriptum eſt, omne id quod mo<lb></lb>uetur, eſſe diuiduum. </s> <s>Vt certè ſi quatenus mouetur, quippiam eſt diuiduum, credi oporteat, <lb></lb>motui per ſe eſſe diuiduum, ita ineſſe, vt illi primò inſit, & per motum ei quod mouetur. </s> <s>àc ſiquis <lb></lb>eius rationis ſummam in primos ſuos terminos diſſoluere ſtudeat, ita poterit fabricare demon<lb></lb>ſtrationem. </s> <s>Motui ineſſe vtriuſque termini eſſe particeps, vtriuſque termini participi ineſſe <lb></lb>eſſe diuiduum. </s> <s>At corpori ineſt motus, ergo & vtrunque terminum participare, & eſſe diui<lb></lb>duum. </s> <s>Itaque terminus à quo, & terminus ad quem ſunt de eſſentia motus. </s> <s>Deinde quę con<lb></lb>tinentur in definitione motus, ſunt eius eſſentia. </s> <s>Terminus autem à quo continetur in ea defi<lb></lb>nitione. </s> <s>igitur etiam pertinet ad eſſentiam motus. </s> <s>Aſſumptio ſic approbatur. </s> <s>Quod eſt poten<lb></lb>tia, continetur in definitione motus; terminus à quo eſt id quod eſt in potentia, aut per quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1441"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ineſt poteſtas in ſubiecto motus, ergo continetur in ea definitione. </s> <s>Approbatur autem huius <lb></lb>proſyllogiſmi aſſumptio rurſus alio proſyllogiſmo, ſic. </s> <s>Contraria ſunt ea quæ ſunt in potentia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Terminus à quo contrarius eſt termino ad quem: ergo terminus à quo eſt potentia. </s> <s>Prætereà, <lb></lb>dum enumerarent Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & Auerroes ea quæ conueniunt ad conſtituendum motum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1442"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>docent ea eſſe quinque: terminos duos à quo & ad quem; ſubiectum, tempus, & efficiens. </s> <s>tem<lb></lb>pus autem & efficiens extrinſeca eſſe monent; reſtat igitur terminos vtroſque ineſſe intrinſecus <lb></lb>in motu. </s> <s>Neque obſtat quòd etiam terminus ad quem ſit contrarius, & ideò etiam ille vim po<lb></lb>tentiæ retineat; quoniam & ipſe eſt potentia; non tamen operatur ſecundùm potentiam quam <lb></lb>habet, ſed ſecundùm actum; quòd ſi ſecundùm ſuam potentiam operaretur, vtique iam obtine<lb></lb>ret potentiæ rationem, & locum termini à quo, & eſſet motus ſuperiori contrarius. </s> <s>Præterà ni<lb></lb>ſi terminus à quo eſſet de eſſentia motus, idem eſſet motus ab albo ad fuſcum, atque à nigro ad <lb></lb>fuſcum: neque enim differunt quo ad terminum ad quem, ſed ſolùm quo ad terminum à quo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adde item quòd Ariſtoteles diffinit aſcenſum per terminum à quo, dicens ipſum eſſe à centro. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Accedit eòdem, quòd conuerſio vtroſque terminos complectitur, cùm ſic definiatur, quòd ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1443"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>circum centrum, & à centro ad centrum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Igitur in definitione motus vtrique termini compre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1444"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>henduntur. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò magis terminus à quo quàm terminus ad quem, dubium non eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1445"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terminum ad quem, eo quod terminus à quo notat imperfectionem, eius autem perfectio eſt ter<lb></lb>minus ad quem. </s> <s>Ille, vti dictum eſt, notat priuationem & potentiam, hic verò actum & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sicut ergo imperfectum perfecto, & priuatio atque potentia actu & forma determinantur ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam; ſic & terminus à quo determinabitur termino ad quem, & ex conſequenti mo<lb></lb>tus ex termino ad quem potiſsimè conſtituetur. </s> <s>Ex quibus etiam ſumi poterit occaſio diluendi <lb></lb>cæteras quæſtioneis. </s> <s>ſiquidem contrarium quod item occupat locum priuationis, eſt <expan abbr="potẽtiæ">potentiæ</expan> fun<lb></lb>damentum, vt etiam nos optimè docuit Alexander, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd aut dandum eſt, poteſtatem non ob<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1446"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tinere primas in definitione motus; aut ſi primas obtinuerit, terminum à quo termino ad quem <lb></lb>eſſe præponendum. </s> <s>Quia verò vtrique termini in motu perpetuò requirantur, quorum alter <lb></lb>eſt vt actus, alter autem veluti poteſtas: inde efficitur etiam, vt poteſtas cum actu perpetuò co<lb></lb>pulata reperiatur in motu. </s> <s>Falsò verò illud acceptum eſſe conſtat (vt iam veniam ad exitum <pb pagenum="202"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1447"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>argumentorum quibus hæc pars problematis nitebatur) cùm dicitur, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe actum eius quod <lb></lb>eſt poteſtate, notare ſolùm terminum ad quem, & viam ad illum. </s> <s>nanque etiam notatur cuius <lb></lb>eſt talis progreſſus, & vnde eſt; hoc autem eſt id quod eſt potentia, quod tranſit de potentia ad <lb></lb>actum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſum cum poteſtate commutat: nec poteſt comprehendi fluxus ille qui conſtituit <lb></lb>motum ſine amiſsione termini à quo, & acquiſitione termini ad quem, licèt ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>ſit prior acquiſitio termini ad quem quàm amiſsio termini à quo, amittitur enim hic, vt alter pa<lb></lb>retur; terminus à quo prius origine amittitur, quia niſi hic amittatur, non poſsit alter induci. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm adiiciunt, quòd etiam motus incipit à termino ad quem; at non ſeiungitur, inquam, hic <lb></lb>terminus ab eo quem dicimus à quo: nam ſi cogitatione <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſeuoces, extabit terminus à quo <lb></lb>& denominabit ſubiectum, & quanquam dices hoc fieri album, tamen quod fit album, dices eſ<lb></lb>ſe nigrum. </s> <s>Prætereà dealbatur nigrum, quatenus nigrum, nec re, nec cogitatione ſeparatur il<lb></lb>le terminus à motu. </s> <s>Cùm verò confirmant propoſitum, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>conſtituit repugnantiam in mo<lb></lb>tibus, ex repugnantia quæ intercedit inter terminos ad quos. </s> <s>Videant obſecro, etſi contraria con<lb></lb>ſtant, ex actu & poteſtate, eam potiſsimè produci ex actu: atqui actus obſeruatur præcipuè in <lb></lb>terminis ad quos, ergo ab ipſis eſt petenda repugnantia: nam terminus à quo, quatenus talis, <lb></lb>indicat potentiam: hæc verò per ſe non eſt obnoxia repugnantiæ. </s> <s>Nam contraria flagitant ter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1448"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minos (ſunt enim quæ ſub eodem genere maximè diſtant) omnis verò terminus exiſtit ex actu; <lb></lb>poteſtas autem per ſe infinita eſt. </s> <s>Quapropter repugnantia motus, non à repugnantia duo<lb></lb>rum terminorum à quibus accipitur, nec à terminis à quo & ad quem; ſed à duobus qui ſunt <lb></lb>ad quem non tam inde concluditur fore terminum à quo alienum à motu. </s> <s>Sed quid inquiunt <lb></lb>ipſi, Ariſtotelem in conſtituenda repugnantia non comprehendiſſe terminum à quo, cùm id ma<lb></lb>nifeſtò falſum appareat ex iis quæ 5. Phyſ. ſcripta fuerunt? </s> <s>Ideò, ſi quandò de hoc non meminit, <lb></lb>ita dicendum; quoniam ob ea quæ diximus, primæ repugnantiæ radix à termino ad quem pe<lb></lb>tenda ſit. </s> <s>Cæterùm, vt diximus, hoc aliqui excogitarunt, vt defenderent vnum eſſe motum à ni<lb></lb>gro ad album, licet nigrum tolleretur & ſuccederet album; proptereà terminum à quo de eſſen<lb></lb>tia motus exploderunt: at nos vnum re hunc motum fore ſuo loco demonſtrabimus; licèt ter<lb></lb>minus à quo comprehendatur in eſſentia motus qui ob allatam cauſſam ab vno fine denomina<lb></lb>tur, hic verò eſt actus, qui tenet locum termini ad quem. </s> <s>Tranſeo nunc ad diſſoluendas eorum <lb></lb>rationeis qui primas parteis in motu tribuunt ipſi poteſtati. </s> <s>Cùm igitur opponunt motum ſigni<lb></lb>ficari magis ex potentia, quàm ex actu; quandò potentia in eius definitione vim obtinet diffe<lb></lb>rentiæ; differentia verò eſſentiam rei magis attingit. </s> <s>Hîc ſiquis id neget, & docet in definitio<lb></lb>ne <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> magis indicari formam ex genere quam ex differentia; profectò facinus capitale <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1449"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non erit; vt, ſi dicatur animal bipes: etenim magis elucet forma in animali, quàm in bipede: ac <lb></lb>ſiquando differentia reputetur eſſe perpetuò potior pars definitionis; videatur reſpici potius ma<lb></lb>teria definitionis, quàm eius forma, atque, vt ita dixerim, anima, quæ eſt eſſentia rei definiendæ; <lb></lb>ea verò eſt oratio & potius eſſentiæ terminus; quàm perfectio ſubſtantiæ: quandoquidem in ora<lb></lb>tione id quod vltimò acceſsit, qualecunque ſit, eam abſoluere potuit, atque illud idem ſoleat in <lb></lb>ædificio perficiendo contingere: nam ſicuti perfectum dici non poteſt, ſi etiam minima <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> <lb></lb>tegula deſit; nihilominus ea non ſuperat alias parteis ædificij perfectione, ſic aliqua differentia <lb></lb>poteſt complere definitionem eam contrahendo ad definitum ſolùm, quanuis à cæteris perfectio<lb></lb>ne ſuperetur. </s> <s>Ita falſum eſt differentiam magis attingere eſſentiam rei. </s> <s>Adiiciamus & illud, <lb></lb>quòd planè concluderetur argumentum, ſi poteſtas ſecundùm naturam, vel quo ad nos abſtrahi <lb></lb>poſſet ab actu. </s> <s>nunc cùm poteſtas ab actu neque re <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mente ſeuocari poſsit, efficitur, vt actus, <lb></lb>tanquam prior, in poteſtatis definitione comprehendatur. </s> <s>Cùm ſecundo loco opponitur. </s> <s>Mo<lb></lb>tum referre acceptum quòd ſit vnus, & à reliquis ſecretus, termino ad quem; ad hunc verò eſſe <lb></lb>in potentia; ob id determinari potentia, neſcio mehercle, cùm propter ante dictam cauſſam, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1450"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>.ſ. </s> <s>potentia ſine actu non conſiſtit, tum etiam ob formam argumenti, neceſſario'ne id concluda<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Nanque eſto, vt potentia ſit eſſentia motus, ſi finitur termino ad quem, hic verò vna ſignifi<lb></lb>cet terminum à quo, neceſſe eſt item terminus à quo in poteſtatis eſſentia ponatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tũ">Tum</expan> prætereà <lb></lb>quia poteſtas (quod à nobis aliàs oſtenſum eſt) neceſſariò conſtat è duobus; fine qui eſt terminus <lb></lb>ad quem, quo ipſa contendit, & ſubiecto, quo innitatur, qui dum moueri incipit, eſt terminus à <lb></lb>quo, proptereà non excluditur ex his terminus à quo, vt ex eorum dictis efficitur. </s> <s>Ad tertium <lb></lb>quoque dicimus ipſum eodem vitio laborare, quandoquidem, etſi propter adnexam potentiam <lb></lb>fit motus; at non exercetur ea potentia, niſi tendendo ad actum, quod facit commutando termi<lb></lb>num a quo cum termino ad quem. </s> <s>Quartum quoque accipit potentiam per ſe & potius ope<lb></lb>ram ſuam conferre ad motum, cùm accipit calefieri, quod eſt moueri, ita fieri merito caloris il<lb></lb>lius quem non dum habet, & ad quem eſt in potentia, neque animaduertitur in eo cauſſam mo<lb></lb>tus & proceſſum potentiæ per calorem explicari, qui eſt terminus ad quem qui non extat in illa <lb></lb>portione materię, ſed in ſubiecto ipſo nil eſt aliud, àc priuatio & oppoſitum & frigus quod erat <pb pagenum="204"></pb>in calefactione terminus à quo. </s> <s>Quapropter in definitione motus & terminus à quo contine<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1451"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, & primæ neceſſariò tribuendæ ſunt actui, non poteſtati: quanquam reipſa motus ex poteſta<lb></lb>te & actu conflatur, cùm ſit actus imperfectus. </s> <s>Itaque ſi poteſtas eſt in oppoſito, hoc verò in <lb></lb>motu degenerat in terminum à quo, planum quoque eſt poteſtatem niti termino à quo, & ter<lb></lb>minum à quo partem eſſe motus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1438"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1439"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1440"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1441"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1442"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 3. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1443"></margin.target>b 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1444"></margin.target>c 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1445"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1446"></margin.target>d Qurſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1447"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1448"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1449"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1450"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1451"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De eo quòd motus ſit vnus, & cauſſis continuationis eius. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò motum fluxu definiuimus quem tempore item obiri docuimus in om<lb></lb>ni mutatione per ſe, eſt verò fluxus ſucceſsio quædam ſeu partium formæ, ſeu materiæ in <lb></lb>mobili, ſucceſsio verò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> continuatio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit, opinor, <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> ab inſtituto noſtro, ſi ea nunc tranſi<lb></lb>gamus quæ ad <expan abbr="continuationẽ">continuationem</expan> motus <expan abbr="pertinẽt">pertinent</expan>; & ob id potiſsimè quòd de <expan abbr="cõuerſione">conuerſione</expan> tractaturis <lb></lb>maximè <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> expediat huiuſmodi cognitio. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò continuitas vnius eſt motus, <lb></lb>ideò nos ante alia <expan abbr="cõſtituemus">conſtituemus</expan> ex Ariſtotele qui ſit vnus motus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> vnus, & quę'nam <lb></lb>ipſius conditiones. </s> <s>Vnus ergo motus eſt multis modis. </s> <s>Etenim motus vnus genere dicitur, hic ve<lb></lb>rò eſt ad vnum prædicamentum, vt puta, quantum, quale; quo fit, vt <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> affectiones & alteratio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1452"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nes ſint vnus genere motus, quòd omnes ſunt ſecundùm quale: quanuis oppoſiti ſint motus, vt <lb></lb>ortus & interitus, auctio & decrementum: etiam, quia ſunt ſecundùm idem prædicamentum, <lb></lb>omnes vnus genere motus exiſtunt, vt contrà genere <expan abbr="ſeiugãtur">ſeiugantur</expan> affectiones & generationes quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ad diuerſa prædicamenta, ſubſtantiam & quale: prout verò genus eſt vel ſummum, vel ſub<lb></lb>alternum; ſic accidit etiam motum eſſe eundem, aut diuerſum vel genere ſummo, vel ſubalter<lb></lb>no: ſic generatio plantæ & lapidis eſt vnus motus genere ſummo, generatio complurium lapi<lb></lb>dum eſt vnus genere ſubalterno. </s> <s>Dicitur etiam vnus ſpecie infima (nam ſuperior ſpecies non <lb></lb>differt à genere ſubalterno, nec motus ad illam à motu qui eſt ad genus ſubalternum) qui eſt ſe<lb></lb>cundùm eandem ſpeciem infimam, vt nigrefactiones omnes & omnes calefactiones propter ni<lb></lb>gredinem & caliditatem quæ vna ſpecies exiſtunt. (ita enim nunc exempli cauſſa ſtatuamus ali<lb></lb>bi de hoc ipſo diſſerturi, propter Simplicium qui putauit accidentia in philoſophia naturali pro <lb></lb>ſubiecti ratione diſtinguenda) ſic in hoc ſignificatu non iidem motus qui fiunt ſecundùm diuer<lb></lb>ſas ſpecies. </s> <s>proinde calefactio & nigrefactio ſunt vnus genere motus, ſpecie verò non vnus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà vnus eſt motus ſimpliciter qui eſt ſingularis, vt hæc calefactio. </s> <s>Vnus etiam motus ille <lb></lb>eſt qui perfectus eſt, & tendit in vltimum terminum. </s> <s>imperfectus item & interruptus vnus eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1453"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſt; ſed tamen ſi cum ſuperiore conferatur; minus eſt vnus, nam præcipua cauſſa propter <lb></lb>quam eſt vnus, petitur à forma à qua longius diſtat interruptus, quàm perfectus & abſolutus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eſt & vnus motus qui eſt regularis, & vniformis, irregularis vnus eſt item, ſed ſuperiore minus <lb></lb>vnus. </s> <s>intelligo verò regularem eum qui vno modo ſe habet in omnibus ſuis partibus tùm quo <lb></lb>ad tempus, tùm quo ad ſpatium: huic autem oppoſitum irregularem. </s> <s>quanuis in conuerſione, <lb></lb>quam maximè regularem teſtatur eſſe philoſophus, inde ſit petenda regularitas; quòd omnes cę<lb></lb>li partes eodem tempore, & æquali angulos æqualeis efficiunt in ſpatio per quod <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cæterùm in motibus illis primis qui ſunt vnus genere ſiue ſummo, ſiue ſubalterno, & vnus ſpe<lb></lb>cie, vnitas termini ad quem potiſsimè attendenda eſt, vt ſicut per terminum ad quem habet pręci<lb></lb>puè quòd fit, aſſequatur etiam quòd ſit vnus; hanc verò confectatur vnitas termini à quo, vt ſi <lb></lb>ex albo viride fiat, & idem ex nigro, non ſit futurus motus vnus. </s> <s>quanquam aliud obſeruandum <lb></lb>eſt in motu qui eſt ad locum, nanque ad eius vnitatem ſpecificam non ſufficit vnitas <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt in cæteris motibus, ſed vnitas ſpatij prætereà deſideratur: neque enim fuerit idem ſpecie mo<lb></lb>tus, ſi circulo feratur quippiam ad punctum leonis, ac ſi ex centro mundi rectà ad eundem pun<lb></lb>ctum tendere cogitetur. </s> <s>In eo verò qui propriè vnus eſt, hic autem eſt indiuiduus, nonmodò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1454"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnitas terminorum deſideratur, verùmetiam temporis & mobilis: aliquod ex his ſi deficiat, non <lb></lb>patitur eſſe vnum ad numerum motum, vt ſi mobile diuerſum fuerit. </s> <s>Quanquam ad tollendas <lb></lb>aliquas difficultateis aliud iudicium de vno mobili <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> eſſe puto quàm fieri ſoleat. </s> <s>Credo <lb></lb>enim non omnem <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> motus, eſſe vnius indiuidui, quatenus eſt ſub vna ſpecie inſima, & ſpe<lb></lb>cialiſsima; ſed etiam, quatenus eſt ſub aliquo genere; verbigratia, canis qui deorſum fertur, non <lb></lb>ita fertur, quatenus eſt canis ſimpliciter, ſed quatenus eſt mixtum in quo terra dominatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſi inter mouendum pereat canis, tamen ſeruari poſſe eundem ad numerum motum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem latius accipiemus hîc, vnum ad numerum mobile, quia ſcilicet ſit vnum ſuppoſi<lb></lb>tum, appello autem ſuppoſitum omne aggregatum ex omnibus rationibus, quibus conſtituitur <lb></lb>vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſenſilis materiæ portio, à qua primùm petitur vnitas numeralis, quòd gręcè non <lb></lb>malè dixeris <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὐποστάν</foreign>, hęc autem conſiſtit quidem diuerſis rationibus. </s> <s>nanque in Socrate ineſt <lb></lb>ratio hominis, animalis, & corporis quæ omnia prædicantur in quid de Socrate. </s> <s>& hæc omnia <pb pagenum="205"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1455"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſſunt à Socrate ſeparari, ſic ergo mouetur, vt homo, vt animal, vt corpus. </s> <s>Ita in eodem ſuppo<lb></lb>ſito manet deſtructa ratione Socratis ratio animalis, aut corporis, & hoc animal, & hoc corpus. <lb></lb></s> <s>quæ cùm ſint vnum ad numerum, etiam verum ad numerum motum moueri poſſunt, niſi forte <lb></lb>ſpeciem ſpecialiſsimam effeceris per priuationem humanæ formę. </s> <s>Sed certè ſuppoſitum ipſum <lb></lb>per ſuperioreis formas actu conſiſtit à quibus, potiuſquàm à priuatione motum definiri proba<lb></lb>bilius mihi videtur. </s> <s>Tempus quoque vnum, ideſt, non interruptum eſſe oportet. </s> <s>ita vt ſi Socra<lb></lb>tes ſanetur nunc, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ceſſet, & per aliquod temporis interuallum benè valeat, ſed interceden<lb></lb>te noua ægritudine rurſus ſanetur; non amplius eadem ſanitas habenda ſit, niſi fortè ſecundùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>: nil enim prohibet quominus ab vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>habitu varij proficiſcantur actus: nec ea<lb></lb>dem eſt habenda ratio ſanitatis quæ conſeruatur, atque eius quæ, cùm intermiſſa eſt, reuertitur: <lb></lb>illa quidem vna ad numerum eſt; poſterior hæc non item. </s> <s>At verò cùm motus vnitatem quę<lb></lb>ramus, vt initia continuationis in ipſo indagemus. </s> <s>Scire licet continuum motum, eundem eſſe, <lb></lb>atque vnum ad numerum, ita vt inter ſe perpetuò comitentur: etenim ſiquis eſt ad numerum <lb></lb>vnus, eundem oportet eſſe continuum, & contrà ſi continuus, idem quoque ad numerum vnus <lb></lb>ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>quòd ſi hæc ferè mutuò conſequuntur: patet eaſdem fore vtriuſque conditioneis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuerò inquies tu. </s> <s>Hactenus continui motus proprietates enarratæ ſunt. </s> <s>Sed quæ'nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1456"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt continuationis cauſſa formalis? </s> <s>Eam nunc dicimus eſſe cauſſam, quòd motus eſt diuiduus in <lb></lb>parteis quę ſunt actu, quę tamen communi termino copulantur, de quo dictum eſt ſuprà, quòd <lb></lb>in motu eſt mutatum eſſe. </s> <s>hoc autem ſe habet ſicuti punctum in linea, neque eſt actu: aliter du<lb></lb>bitationes Zenonis haberent aliquod pondus, tollentis motum ob infinitatem quæ ineſſet in par<lb></lb>tibus motus, ſi illa forent actu, ſed exiſtunt potentia tantùm: inde non ceſſat motus, verùm con<lb></lb>tinuatur & procedit vlterius. </s> <s>Sed prætereà ſiquis originem eius continuitatis exquirat interius, <lb></lb>illi aduertendum eſt hæc conficere motum, ſubiectum, ac terminos, quæ omnia in ſeſe conti<lb></lb>nent rationem diuiſionis; nam ſubiectum per ſe quantum eſt, idcirco diuiduum: & cùm ipſi for<lb></lb>ma ſecundùm parteis communicetur: fit, vt in forma diuiſio inſit, ſed ea potiſsima diuiſionis ra<lb></lb>tio quæ ducitur à poteſtate ſubiecti ſecundùm quam modò magis, modò minus abeſt à forma, <lb></lb>& termino ad quem, & magis aut minus habet de termino à quo, quæ manifeſtiſsimè conſpici<lb></lb>tur in latione, ſiue quia ſubiectum ipſius quatenus tale ſit per ſe quantum, ſeu quia plenum, ſiue <lb></lb>ob aliam quamlibet cauſſam, quæ poſthàc non ſine ſudore exquirenda eſt. </s> <s>attamen analogicè <lb></lb>ineſt in cęteribus generibus ſecundùm quæ fit motus. </s> <s>Quanquam in motu generatim continui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1457"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tas eſt ſucceſsiua, nec ſucceſsiua tantùm, ſed cum aliquo profectu; cùm pendeat ab actu poten<lb></lb>tiæ, quatenus potentia eſt quę quidem non ſeparatur à repugnantia, & fluxu, & aſsidua compa<lb></lb>ratione termini ad quem. </s> <s>Quapropter etiam poteſt hoc problema in cauſſam ſuperiorem diſ<lb></lb>ſolui, reſiſtentiam nimirum intrinſecam quæ; quoniam proficiſcitur ab actu rei proprio ſecun<lb></lb>dùm quem operatur, & à propria natura quæ alienis actibus ab initio repugnat, & donec illi fa<lb></lb>cti ſint proprij mobilis, eſt cauſſa continuatę ſucceſsionis in motu. </s> <s>Sic grauitas terræ reſiſtit im<lb></lb>pellenti terram ipſam trahens ſemper deorſum, & contra vim impellentis. </s> <s>adeſt etiam extrinſe<lb></lb>ca reſiſtentia quæ item eſt ſucceſsionis & continuitatis cauſſa in motu, ſed nos de cauſſa conti<lb></lb>nuationis intrinſeca nunc agimus. </s> <s>Verùm quoniam ea potiſsimum elucet in motu qui fit ad <lb></lb>locum, & ab eo transfertur ad cęteros, etiam munus noſtrum eſſe videtur, & eius cauſſas accu<lb></lb>ratius hoc loco perquiramus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1452"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1453"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1454"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1455"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1456"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1457"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exquiruntur hoc loco continuationis initia diligentius. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1458"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1458"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOC certè à Gręcis multis verbis agitatum, à noſtris etiam tractatum, parùm feliciter fortaſ<lb></lb>ſe confectum eſt. </s> <s>Diſſeritur enim primò vtrùm in motu ad locum continuitas a magnitu<lb></lb>dine & ſpatio, an a ſubiecto mobili petenda ſit. </s> <s>Atque illud ſecundò quæritur vtrùm ea ſit ex<lb></lb>trinſeca, & alia à motu; an intrinſeca & familiaris. </s> <s>Poſtremò vtrum'ne per ſe, an per accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non probarit in primis quiſpiam motum non eſſe per ſe continuum eo quòd a quo negatur ge<lb></lb>nus ab eo item ſpeciem negari oporteat. </s> <s>Sed a motu negatur genus continui, non enim eſt per <lb></lb>ſe quantum: ac ſicuti ſi non eſſet per ſe corpus, neque item eſſet per ſe animal; ſic, ſi non quan<lb></lb>tum per ſe, neque etiam continuum. </s> <s>Quapropter video magnam partem Peripateticorum aſ<lb></lb>ſeuerare continuitatem ſanè reperiri in motu, ſed ipſi extrinſecus, & per accidens inhęrere; ſicut <lb></lb>etiam quantitas illi extrinſeca eſt, & per accidens. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis prætereà poſtulet ſibi dari, vndè<lb></lb>nam petenda ſit prima ratio continuitatis, etiam illi varia protulere vel mobile ipſum, inter quos <lb></lb>Zimara ex Alexandro præſertim ob id, quòd omnes aliæ differentiæ motus a ſubiecto ſumuntur, <lb></lb>vtputa mobilis ſimplicis motus ſimplex, mixti verò mixtus. </s> <s>Prętereà docebat Alexander, con<lb></lb>tinuitatem motus a mobilis continuitate proficiſci. </s> <s>A magnitudine alij ſuper qua fit motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nonnulli ab his omnibus, atque item quia tempus vnum ſit, vt in pulſatione lyræ ſonus eſt con <pb pagenum="206"></pb>tinuus, tamen poſt neten ſæpe pulſare contingit hypaten quæ maximo interuallo diſiunctę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>. </s> <s></s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1459"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Prætereà fingamus à cęlo ad terram vſque ſaxum dimitti, corpora ſanè quę occupant hoc <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>; <lb></lb>continua non ſunt, ſed contigua: tamen motus ille continuus eſt. </s> <s>Poſtremò fingatur vnum eſſe <lb></lb>corpus ex vniuerſa mole corporum naturalium, atque hoc moueri continuè; fiet quidem motus <lb></lb>continuus, ſpatium verò continuum non erit, non enim <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan>, non aliquis locus, non diſtantia: <lb></lb>quoniam præter ipſum mobile nihil eſt aliud, vnde originem ducat motus: vacuum verò & di<lb></lb>ſtantia non dantur. </s> <s>Ambigua ſanè quæſtio, & quæ ſine innumeris ferè diſtinctionibus atque ca<lb></lb>pitibus explicari non poſsit. </s> <s>Nanque per ſe multiplex eſt, cùm id quod opponitur ei quod eſt <lb></lb>per aliud, &, vt dici conſueuit, ſecundò: tum id quod opponitur ei quod eſt per accidens quod <lb></lb>eſt infinitum, & planè ordine vacans. </s> <s>illud primum ſignificat non modo non ineſſe perpetuò, & <lb></lb>cum aliqua habitudine ad eſſentiam, ſed vt excludatur omne aliud a quo pendere poſsit, neque <lb></lb>vlla ſit cauſſa propter quam ſubiectum quæſtionis eiuſmodi ſit, aut ſaltem nullum ſubiectum <lb></lb>medium quod ſit communius: alterum verò contentum eſt eo, vt alter terminus ad alterum ſic <lb></lb>ſe habeat, vt quòd ſine ipſo neque eſſe, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> etiam cogitari poſsit. </s> <s>vtrum'ne verò id alterius ope <lb></lb>conſequatur an ſua, nil refert. </s> <s>Prætereà continui plures ſunt gradus, vt in ipſo ſummam omnium <lb></lb>analogiam perſpicere queas: eſt enim omnium ſummum atque ſupremum: hoc autem poſtu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1460"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lat omneis illas conditioneis quæ deſcriptæ ſunt 8. Phyſ. in quo vnus eſt motus, vnum mobile, <lb></lb>ſpatium vnum, & tempus vnum; eſt & continuum ſecundi ordinis, vt in quo nil temporis inter<lb></lb>mittitur. </s> <s>nam temporis continuitas in omni genere continui motus omnino deſideratur. </s> <s>Eſt & <lb></lb>continuum, quod præſefert in ſui notione imaginem extentionis, ſeu productionis, ſiue ordinis <lb></lb>ſecundùm parteis quę in tempore collocantur; continua etiam appellantur ea quorum motus eſt <lb></lb>vnus. </s> <s>Latè etiam patet continuum, vt mobile item cum mouente ſiue in materia ſit, ſiue etiam <lb></lb>expers materię, continuum dici poſsit, quia ſcilicet inter ipſa nil intercedat. </s> <s>Eſt etiam continuum <lb></lb>idem atque perenne continuum quoque quod deinceps. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Rurſus cauſſæ continuationis multę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1461"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, & materia de qua ſuperiore capite dictum eſt, & efficiens a quo pendet motus & ſpatium, <lb></lb>& in ſuo genere vnumquodque continuationem facit in motu. </s> <s>His ſtantibus, vt planè fateor, <lb></lb>motum non eſſe <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> per ſe in eo ſignificato quod opponitur ei quod eſt per aliud; ita con<lb></lb>trà aſſero motum per ſe continuum in ſecundo ſignificato quod opponitur ei quod eſt per acci<lb></lb>dens, vt etiam non nego ipſum eſſe quantum per ſe in eodem ſignificato. </s> <s>Iam enim perſpicuum <lb></lb>eſt, motum abſtrahi non poſſe à notione ſucceſsionis, vbi dicitur ipſum eſſe actum eius quod eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1462"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potentia, quatenus huiuſmodi, & in eo monſtratur eſſe actus ille imperfectus qui vſque ad finem <lb></lb>motus ſuperet in officio: nam ſic ſemper ſignificatur progreſſus ad vltimum actum, & in eo con<lb></lb>ſiſtit eſſentia motus à quo itidem temporis eſſentiam duci docebimus aliàs. </s> <s>Ex hoc etiam faci<lb></lb>lè patet ſolutio primi illius argumenti quod ex ipſiuſmet Ariſtotelis verbis trahebat originem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aimus enim Ariſtotelem negare motum eſſe per ſe quantum in primo ſignificato, non autem <lb></lb>ſimpliciter; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam cum hac conditione primò negari ab illo, non tamen abſolutè. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ad reliqua pertinet, atque ad id, vtrum'ne continuitas à magnitudine petenda eſt, an à ſubie<lb></lb>cto; quia motus ſpecies multæ ſunt, neque item ratio diuiſionis in vnaquaque par fuerit. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>vna quidem interna planè, ſed non neceſſaria neque generatim, neque ſpeciatim, quæ ducitur à <lb></lb>diuiſione mobilis in parteis quantas; quandò magnitudo mobilis nihil ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> conferre videa<lb></lb>tur, cùm etiam quælibet magnitudo temporis puncto quodlibet magnum interuallum in vacuo <lb></lb>conficere poſsit, & alteratio quædam detur <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόα</foreign>. </s> <s>Quod attinet ad lationem ſpeciatim; ea pror<lb></lb>ſus euidens, ſpatij .ſ. </s> <s>continuitas quod ſucceſsiuè comparatur, vbi plenum fuerit, ſubiecti verò di<lb></lb>uiſio non primò, ſed vt cauſſa ſine qua non; aliter vbique idem efficeret. </s> <s>Illa cauſſa generalis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1463"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ex materiæ gradibus exiſtit & in latione oritur à ſpatio, cùm ſpatium naturalem ſit in latio<lb></lb>ne, quemadmodum gradus in qualitate ad quos alteratio procedit. </s> <s>idcirco rationem obtinet prę<lb></lb>dicamenti: eſt enim quoddam vbi, ac præſefert vim actus & poteſtatis ex quibus conſtat motus, <lb></lb>vt etiam in hoc prioreis parteis habeat ſpatium: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam neglecta ratio quæ petitur à <lb></lb>ſubiecto, tanquam nimis aliena à motu, in cęteris mutationibus ſufficit id quod intrinſecum eſt, <lb></lb>ſeu pars materiæ, ſeu partium mobilis extentio, quæ omnia referuntur ad materiam. </s> <s>Ita vt ſi <lb></lb>cum his alię continuationis cauſſæ conferantur, profectò negari non poſsit ab iis pendere conti<lb></lb>nuitatem, tamen non tanquam à materia, neque vt à cauſſa principe, ſed vt in alio genere cauſſę, <lb></lb>atque vt ab extrinſeco. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ab Ariſtotele, quemadmodum opponit Zimara; multa tribuun<lb></lb>tur motui quæ ducuntur à natura ſubiecti, materiæ partibus, & quantitate ſeuocata, aut ideò fa<lb></lb>ctum eſt, quia per notius nobis exponantur eæ conditiones, hoc verò eſt ſubiectum, quia verbi<lb></lb>gratia, corpus ſimplex eſt nobis notius; verùm quòd naturam ſimplicem habet, ideò motus il<lb></lb>lius eſt ſimplex. </s> <s>Quare aſſumuntur ſubiecta, vt referant nobis principia motus, non quia ſint <lb></lb>cauſſæ, niſi remotæ admodum, & demonſtrabiles, ad quarum etiam conſumationem, ſpatium <lb></lb>prætereà requiratur. </s> <s>Quanquam ſignificatum illud vltimum continui, hoc eſt perennis, peti <pb pagenum="207"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1464"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur ab æternitate cum mobilis, tum etiam mouentis, de quo diſputatum eſt 8. Phyſ. & 2. de or<lb></lb>tu & interitu. </s> <s>Neque tempus facit, vt cauſſa, continuationem in motu, ſed vt nota quædam, <lb></lb>eiuſque menſura quemadmodum intelligetur poſteà.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1459"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1460"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1461"></margin.target>a 1. de an. <lb></lb>T. 47.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1462"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1463"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1464"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitata diſſoluuntur contra rationem continuitatis in motu, & afferuntur corollaria <lb></lb>quędam ex dixtis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OPPOSITA item non obſtant. </s> <s>Nanque in pulſu lyrę duplex eſt ſubiectum, chordę ipſę <lb></lb>quę pulſantur, & aër qui excipit pulſum & ſonum: intermittitur ſanè de chordis, ſed aëris <lb></lb>partes ſunt continentes, vnde emanat ſonus, atque ille quidem continuus: quæ tamen continui<lb></lb>tas, licet exactiſsima non ſit, nihilominus in eius generis ambitu reperitur. </s> <s>Inde etiam facilè di<lb></lb>luitur inſtantia ſecunda. </s> <s>Nam tertia ſumit quiddam, quod fieri non poteſt, motum, inquam, <lb></lb>eſſe vnius totius continui in quo nulla ſit diſtinctio partium, neque intra, neque extra: cùm ta<lb></lb>men ſine <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> difformitate, atque aliquo quieſcente & ſpatio ſiue intra mobile, ſiue extra, nul<lb></lb>lus motus obiri poſsit. </s> <s>Verùm quoniam aliqua de continuitate illa dicta ſunt quæ à natura ſpa<lb></lb>tij deducuntur, non inutile fortaſſe fuerit pauca quędam ad ipſum pertinentia nunc adiungere. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1465"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quoniam non iniuria mirabitur quiſpiam, cur tam diuerſa ratio ſit illius quod pertranſitur in la<lb></lb>tione & alteratione: nanque in latione nil refert vtrum ſpatium conſtet è contiguis corporibus <lb></lb>nec'ne. </s> <s>in alteratione verò vnum oportet eſſe ſubiectum; & ſi enim per ignem & aërem fit mo<lb></lb>tus, nil ipſum prohibet eſſe vnum, atque continuum motum. </s> <s>Audio quoſdam ita reſpondere, <lb></lb>ſpatium extrinſecum eſſe motui, neque idem eſſe lationem & ſpatium ſuper quo fit latio, neque <lb></lb>aliud eſſe lationem quàm habitudinem mobilis ad ſpatium. </s> <s>in alteratione verò idem eſſe quali<lb></lb>tatem, & id per quod fit alteratio. </s> <s>Cęterùm nos oſtendemus poſthàc, ſpatium naturale eſſe in<lb></lb>trinſecum motui ad locum: quoniam ſit quoddam vbi imperfectum, & rationem eſſe parem in <lb></lb>alteratione & latione, quod attinet ad proceſſum & acquiſitionem termini ad quem & formæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm arbitror ipſos eſſe deceptos, quòd duxerint ſpatium à materia corporum per quæ mobile <lb></lb>feratur; cùm ſpatium ſit terminus eorum corporum per accidens, per ſe verò, vt deſcribit diſtan<lb></lb>tiam inter centrum & circunferentiam mundi, quæ eſt vna mathematicè, hoc eſt, per ſe, licet va<lb></lb>riis ſubiectis fundetur, & terminos obtineat in diuerſis corporibus, non minus quàm vna ſit linea <lb></lb>à centro ad extremum cęlum non interrupta, licet corpora ſint plura: ſunt enim ſimul; quo fit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1466"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt vnum ſpatium per illa etiam corpora diuerſa conſeruetur. </s> <s>Si prętereà ſucceſsio motui per ſe, <lb></lb>& eſſentialiter ineſt: ergo & neceſſariò; quòd ſi ſucceſsio non ſeiungitur à continuitate, planum <lb></lb>quòd etiam continuitas neceſſariò conſequitur motum. </s> <s>Sed vide obſecrò ne labaris imprudens <lb></lb>in fallaciam: quandò etiam non neceſſe eſt, motum vnum eſſe continuum: ſed multi reperiun<lb></lb>tur item interpellati, motus quidem ad locum, vt quando Florentiam proficiſcor, & in diuerſo<lb></lb>rio pernocto. </s> <s>De alteratione & auctione non dubium, de ortu item ſuſpicio eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>neque <lb></lb>enim continuatus eſt, iudicio noſtro, ſuperiorum elementorum ortus, in æſtate illa magna quam <lb></lb>memorat Ariſtoteles, aut inferiorum, in magna hyeme. </s> <s>procedit ad certum quendam natura gra<lb></lb>dum, & ibi ab afflicta ab oppoſito tantiſper otiatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1465"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1466"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec res hunc tenere poſſent perferre laborem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Si non tanta quies iret: <expan abbr="friguſq́">friguſque</expan>; <expan abbr="caloremq́">caloremque</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Inter, & exciperet cęli indulgentia terras<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>At noſce, cùm definitur motus, accipi vt fluxum, non habita ratione formæ fluentis. </s> <s>hæc enim <lb></lb>interpellari <expan abbr="quandoq;">quandoque</expan> poteſt, fluxus autem quoad permanet, eſt continuus. </s> <s>prætereà vnum mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1467"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> neceſſariò definiri, quia primus definitur; hic verò neceſſariò continuus. </s> <s>& ſi reipſa vnus pri<lb></lb>mus eſt, qui in orbem fit, qui monſtratur eſſe continuus, nec interpellatus: at etiam ei motui qui <lb></lb>primus eſt, quatenus primus & vnus ſcilicet, continuitas eſt attribuenda: ita tamen, vt quanuis <lb></lb>ea neceſſariò motum vnum comitetur; at non neceſſariò genus hoc continuitatis ſit de eſſentia <lb></lb>motus, cuius rei ſignum illud eſt, quia probatur continuitas ab Ariſtotele de primo motu, & ex il<lb></lb>lis principiis quæ non modò nobis priora ſunt, verùm etiam natura, vt ſpatium & termini. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>atque alia huiuſmodi ſatis ſignificant nobis ordinem <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> reperiri inter hos motus, & ea præ<lb></lb>cipuè quæ de continuitatis cauſsis allata ſunt, id perſuadent. </s> <s>potiſsimè enim quæcunque cauſſa <lb></lb>illa fuerit, euidens euadit in motu qui fit ad locum, ex quo <expan abbr="demõſtrationem">demonſtrationem</expan> illam Ariſtotelicam <lb></lb>ad huiuſmodi rem ſpectantem de latione ipſa primo loco conſtituram eſſe credo; de reliquis ve<lb></lb>rò ſecundò: quemadmodum indicauimus olim fieri in demonſtrandis proprietatibus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ad vnum, & inde ſubiectum diuiduum iudicatum, quòd per ſe tale eſt in motu qui eſt ad lo<lb></lb>cum, licèt non primò; in cęteris autem etſi quantum, per accidens, at non neceſſariò, quatenus <lb></lb>eiuſmodi eſt cauſſa ſucceſsionis in motu, ſed propter materiæ <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan>, vnde fit, vt omnis mu<lb></lb>tatio per ſe etiam ſi fiat <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόως</foreign>, in tempore tamen abſoluatur. </s> <s>Quare quòd tempus vnum ſit, <pb pagenum="208"></pb>aut eius <expan abbr="cõtinuatio">continuatio</expan> nos vt à ſigno manu ducit in notitiam vnius motus ad numerum potiuſquàm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1468"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit eius cauſſa: cùm ipſa ſuam ducat originem à natura ſubiecti quod propter potentiæ partici<lb></lb>pationem diuidi poteſt. </s> <s>ſed attende ſedulò hæc quæ ſequuntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1467"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1468"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Recitantur Græcorum & Arabum opiniones de Ariſtotelica demonſtratione ſexti Phyſ. <lb></lb>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ADMONET nos hic locus, vt à nobis nuper indicata demonſtratio ſedulò pertractetur; <lb></lb>tum quòd ab antiquorum expoſitione diſcedimus in eius <expan abbr="ſtatuẽdo">ſtatuendo</expan> ſenſus, tum etiam quòd <lb></lb>ex eo quoque melius perſpicietur cauſſa continuationis, ſeu diuiſionis in motu. </s> <s>Ita igitur argu<lb></lb>mentabatur Ariſtoteles concluſurus: Omne quod mouetur, eſſe diuiduum. </s> <s>Quicquid mo<lb></lb>uetur eſt partim in termino à quo partim in termino ad quem. </s> <s>Quod eſt huiuſmodi diuidi po<lb></lb>teſt. </s> <s>Ex quibus efficitur, omne quod mouetur, eſſe diuiduum. </s> <s>Quæſitum eſt hîc ab Auerroë, <lb></lb>an hæc demonſtratio complectatur omne genus mutabilium, cum eorum quæ per ſe, tum etiam <lb></lb>eorum quæ per accidens, hoc eſt, eorum quæ tempore mutantur, & eorum quæ ſubitò exiſtunt: <lb></lb>quocunque enim dato conſequi abſurdum. </s> <s>nimirum, ſi non de omni mobili fiat ſermo, demon<lb></lb>ſtrationem vniuerſalem non futuram, quod vitium eſt maximum in ſcientiis. </s> <s>Pręterquàmquòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1469"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omne mobile, cuicuimodi ſit, cum per ſe, tum per accidens, videtur eſſe diuiduum. </s> <s>Si verò mu<lb></lb>tationeis omneis ea demonſtratio <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>; aſſumptionem eius argumentationis eſſe falſam, <lb></lb>vtpote, quòd ea quæ temporis puncto fiunt, non ſint partim in termino à quo, partim in termino <lb></lb>ad quem. </s> <s>Rurſus & id mihi difficultatem affert, quòd neque item neceſſariò de mobili ad lo<lb></lb>cum vera eſſe videtur hęc ratio: proptereaquòd ſi terminus à quo & ad quem in loco reſpiciunt <lb></lb>tantummodò ſpatium, quid prohibet etiam indiuiduum eſſe id quod mouetur? </s> <s>ſic neque erit <lb></lb>hæc <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> communis item omni mobili ad locum, eò quòd etiam indiuiduum, ſi in <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> <lb></lb>ſpatij parte fuerit, cùm id ſpatij quod inter ipſos terminos intercedit, vtriuſque termini ſit parti<lb></lb>ceps; erit partim in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem: proptereà non erit illud verum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quicquid eſt partim in hoc, partim in illo termino diuidi poſſe. </s> <s>Quòd ſi exiſtimemus id quod <lb></lb>dicimus eſſe partim in hoc, partim in illo, intrinſecùs inhærere mobili, & ex eius oriri poteſtate, <lb></lb>ſicut in nigro eſt eſſe poteſtate album, atque operari ex poteſtate quam habet ad albedinem; nec <lb></lb>minus quicquid eſt in vtroque ex parte, poterit eſſe indiuiduum. </s> <s>quid enim vetet, quo minus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1470"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eiuſmodi natura poteſtatem habeat ad alterum ex illis terminis, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt beneficio cauſſæ quę <lb></lb>continetur in hac demonſtratione? </s> <s>ſi igitur fieri poſsit, vt talis poteſtas in indiuiduo maneat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non obſtabit indiuiduo, quòd ſit per parteis in vtroque termino, quòd ſi indiuiduo neceſſa<lb></lb>riò talis poteſtas ineſt: at id in hac ipſa demonſtratione non comprehenditur, aut ſaltem, cùm <lb></lb>duplex diuiſio ſit in mobili, ſecundùm quantum .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="graduſq́">graduſque</expan>. </s> <s>formarum, quòd illa etiam diuiſio<lb></lb>nis ratio quæ accipitur in ea demonſtratione, reſpiciat formam, non quantitatem. </s> <s>quòd certè ab<lb></lb>horret à conſilio Philoſophi & interpretationibus omnium Peripateticorum. </s> <s>Hæc mouere phi<lb></lb>loſophos ad varia de hac ipſa reſcribenda, atque adeò, vt quattuor apud Auerroëm de hac de<lb></lb>monſtratione ſententiæ legantur. </s> <s>Prima quidem quam tribuit Alexandro qui ita ſe expediebat <lb></lb>è prima illa dubitatione (nam ſecunda hæc, ſiquid valet, à nemine <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ego viderim, excitata eſt) <lb></lb>negans aliquam mutationem in tempore fieri; verùm omnes tempore abſolui; & quanuis tem<lb></lb>poris puncto perfici viderentur; nihilominus eas eſſe in tempore quod, cùm fugeret ſenſum, pro <lb></lb>inſtanti haberetur. </s> <s>Sed cùm anteà nos oſtenderemus, aliquas eſſe mutationeis quę ſint habitudi<lb></lb>nes, & fiant circum ſubiectum quod contrario caret; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>comitem habeant priuationem, <lb></lb>cuiuſmodi ſunt illuminatio, cogitatio, ſenſus, & alia conſimilia, facilè confutari poſſe cenſemus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1471"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Alexandrum. </s> <s>Themiſtius autem, etiam ſi fateatur omne quod mutatur, ſiue in tempore, ſiue <lb></lb>in eius puncto mutetur, eſſe diuiduum; tamen ad id quod tempore mutatur, ſtatuit attinere de<lb></lb>monſtrationem; alteram verò mobilium ſpeciem fuiſſe neglectam, quòd ex notitia termini per<lb></lb>ſpicuum foret tale genus mobilium poſſe diuidi: nanque eiuſmodi eſt id quod fit <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρὸως</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At quod ita fit, intelligitur, quòd vnà omni ex parte mutatur. </s> <s>Cùm ergo partium notionem in<lb></lb>cludat, ſequitur vt in eo manifeſtè diuiſio deprehendatur. </s> <s>Auerroës inuehitur in Themiſtium, <lb></lb>tùm quòd falſum id eſt, quod fit in temporis puncto, diuidui notionem præſeferre; quin potius <lb></lb>indiuiduum prima eius informatio præſentat. </s> <s>ſiquidem, ſicut ſe habeat diuiſio ad tempus, ita ad <lb></lb>non tempus, non ſanè id quod eſt diuiduum ſe habeat, ſed contrà id quod diuidi non poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tùm prætereà diuiſionis ratio differret ab ea quam poſuit Ariſtoteles; & ita <expan abbr="cõmitteretur">committeretur</expan> ea fal<lb></lb>lacia qua non cauſſa accipitur vt cauſſa, eò quòd ratio diuiſionis in ea demonſtratione ponitur <lb></lb>eſſe, quòd habeat vtroſque terminos à quo & ad quem ex parte: cęterùm hęc cauſſa non eſſet: <lb></lb>quoniam talis proprietas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ineſt in eo quod in non tempore mutatur. </s> <s>tale enim ſimul fit & eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adde etiam, quòd intelligentia eſt de genere illarum mutationum quæ omnem rationem parti <pb pagenum="209"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1472"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionis excludunt: quandò nulla ſeſe offerat pars in corpore noſtro, cui facultas intelligendi tri<lb></lb>buatur, neque functio corporis habeatur, ſed incorporei. </s> <s>Verùm de Auerroë valeat eius ratio <lb></lb>quantum poteſt. </s> <s>Nam ſi quæreretur de his quæ tempore mouentur cęteris neglectis, vt cenſuit <lb></lb>Themiſtius, vtique cauſſa certa reddita & contracta fuiſſet, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>propria quæ tempore mo<lb></lb>uerentur. </s> <s>Omnino videtur commutaſſe Themiſtius mutationem <foreign lang="grc">ἄχρονον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>temporis exortem <lb></lb>cùm ea quæ fit <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόως</foreign> .i. </s> <s>omni ex parte ſimul, vbi <foreign lang="grc">ᾶχρονον</foreign> arcetur ab hac <expan abbr="demõſtratione">demonſtratione</expan>, <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρύον</foreign><lb></lb>verò minimè: quando ipſa neque tempus, neque diuiſionem quoquo pacto repudiat. </s> <s>Hęc Auer<lb></lb>rois beneficio accepimus à Græcis. </s> <s>Ab Arabibus hæc. </s> <s>Ab Auempace primùm. </s> <s>Nam diſtinguit <lb></lb>ipſe de diuiſione mobilis ſecundùm quantum .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="graduſq́">graduſque</expan>. </s> <s>formarum, atque ad id trahit Ariſto<lb></lb>telicam demonſtrationem, vt agatur de diuiſione per gradus: quandò communiter omnia mo<lb></lb>tuum genera complectitur; vt, propter diuiſionem quæ fit per gradus; omne quod mouetur, <lb></lb>partim ſit in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt hæc demonſtra<lb></lb>tio reddatur communis, nimirum pertinens ad omne motuum genus. </s> <s>Ita vrget hominem Auer<lb></lb>roës, quia demonſtraretur id quod eſt per accidens in mobili; cùm tamen ea quæ ſunt per acci<lb></lb>dens, à demonſtratione funditùs abigenda ſint. </s> <s>Quòd enim ſit propter diuiſionem formalem, <lb></lb>(vt eam nunc ita vocem) ſubiectum ipſum diuiduum per accidens eſt, per ſe verò diuiditur ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1473"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cundùm quantum. </s> <s>Ergo ſecundùm quantum accipienda eſt hoc loco diuiſio. </s> <s>Et valeat etiam <lb></lb>hæc ratio quantum poteſt. </s> <s>Nanque interior eſt mobili, quatenus mobile eſt, diuiſio ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam, quàm ſecundùm quantum. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt, quòd in definitione motus quæ eſt ratio <lb></lb>rei mobilis, quatenus huiuſmodi, comprehenditur ea diuiſio quæ per actum <expan abbr="poteſtatemq́">poteſtatemque</expan>. </s> <s>deſcri<lb></lb>bitur. </s> <s>hæc autem perfectionis ordinem <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>partitionem ſpectat: ideò magis per ſe reſpicit <lb></lb>motum, quàm diuiſio ſecundùm quantum. </s> <s>Quare id potius eius expoſitionem labefactare vi<lb></lb>detur, quod dicitur è verbis contextus cum præcedentibus, tum etiam conſequentibus. </s> <s>Nam per<lb></lb>ſpicuè cernitur Ariſtotelem de quanti diuiſione verba facere, & ea quæ ſequuntur, requirunt ta<lb></lb>lem diuiſionem, vt rectè hîc opponit D. Thomas. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur Auerroës quartam expoſitionem <lb></lb>ſubiecit quæ partitione quadam nititur. </s> <s>Mutationes .ſ. </s> <s>eſſe vel per ſe, vel per accidens; eas verò <lb></lb>quæ ſunt per accidens, conſequi alias mutationeis quæ ſunt per ſe, atque has quæ per ſe ſunt in <lb></lb>tempore fieri, quæ verò per accidens, ſine tempore: illas eſſe partim in termino à quo, partim in <lb></lb>termino ad quem, iſtas autem eſſe terminos ſolùm. </s> <s>Verùm, quia poſteriores ſine illis eſſe non <lb></lb>poſſunt, inde item effici, vt eæ quoque conſimiliter, & quaſi per conſecutionem ſint in vtriſque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1474"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terminis. </s> <s>Ob eam igitur cauſſam hoc attributum ad omneis mutationeis attinere; ad eas quidem <lb></lb>quæ per ſe ſunt, primò & per ſe; ad illas verò quæ non ſunt per ſe, ſpectare item per accidens, <lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per ſe mouetur, per ſe moueri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & ita per ſe eſt in vtriſque terminis, <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eo genere mutationis quę eſt p <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, & alio mutationis genere quæ eſt <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò ea quæ per accidens inſunt, à demonſtratione repudientur, ex hoc aſſumptum fuiſſe <lb></lb>attributum quod pertineat ad ea quæ per ſe mouentur. </s> <s>Hîc video contra Auerroëm ſic diſpu<lb></lb>tari. </s> <s>Primùm quidem. </s> <s>Nanque aut loquitur Auerroës de diuiſione ſecundùm formam, aut <lb></lb>ſecundùm quantum: ſi primum ipſe dederit; ſuo ipſum ſibi gladio iugulabo. </s> <s>eſt enim, inquam <lb></lb>ego, diuiſio per accidens, quam à demonſtratione reiicere oportet. </s> <s>Quare aut obiectio contra <lb></lb>Auempace nulla eſt, aut ſiquid roboris habet, contra ipſum retorqueri debet. </s> <s>Quòd ſi conceſſe<lb></lb>rit alterum: ergo aſſumptio demonſtrationis Ariſtotelicæ falſa erit: quoniam id quod affici po<lb></lb>teſt, quatenus huiuſmodi, non habet vnam partem in termino à quo, alteram verò in termino ad <lb></lb>quem, cùm poſsit eſſe affectio per vniuerſas parteis ſimul; nec quod afficitur, oporteat affici vt <lb></lb>quantum .i. </s> <s>vt diuiditur in parteis quantas. </s> <s>Hoc loco è re nata illud admonebo. </s> <s>è mutationibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1475"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per accidens aliquas eſſe verè, vt in ſecundis qualitatibus aliquas metaphoricè, quæ autem meta<lb></lb>phoricè ſunt, vt de intelligentia dictum eſt, nullam quanti notionem includere, quòd ſi verè ſint, <lb></lb>negari non poſſe, quin omne id quod ita mutatur, ſit neceſſariò quantum. </s> <s>Omne enim quod <lb></lb>ita mutatur, eſt quale. </s> <s>Omne autem quale eſt etiam quantum, vt ſuprà docuimus. </s> <s>Itaque <lb></lb>ſi in mutatione quæ fit per accidens, etiam continetur mutatio metaphoricè, facilè confutatur <lb></lb>Auerroës, ſi verò ſola mutatio retinetur quæ verè, non metaphoricè dicitur, non video quo pa<lb></lb>cto dictum Auerrois confutetur. </s> <s>Nam, cùm dicit Auerroës eam demonſtrationem de illis eſſe <lb></lb>quæ ſunt per ſe; ad illas autem mutationeis quę non ſunt per ſe, verè tamen, non metaphoricè, <lb></lb>non pertinere, niſi per accidens, & hæc à demonſtratione noſtra repelli: quid habet ponderis al<lb></lb>lata obiectio? </s> <s>Nam pro Auerroë dicam ego hîc intelligi diuiſionem quanti ſolius, quòd hæc ſo<lb></lb>la per ſe ſit. </s> <s>Et quòd obiicis id quod affici poteſt, quod per ſe tale non eſt, vt habeat vnam par<lb></lb>tem in termino à quo, alteram in termino ad quem: immo dicam ego fortuitò euenire, vt affe<lb></lb>ctio procedat <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόως</foreign>: cùm cęteroqui ſucceſsiuè fieri ſoleat, atque frequentius particulatim, <lb></lb>quàm vniuersè communicetur. </s> <s>Nam frequentius eſt agens à patiente diſtare, neque ipſum cir<lb></lb>cumire, neque poſſe in omneis parteis æqualiter. </s> <s>quantum enim non attingit ex toto. </s> <s>naturale <pb pagenum="210"></pb>autem eſt, plus in vicinius poſſe quàm in remotius. </s> <s>Ita illud quod frequentius fiet, erit ex natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1476"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra magis, & magis per ſe, quàm id quod rarius accidet. </s> <s>Quòd ſi demonſtratio de illo exiſtit <lb></lb>quod per ſe eſt, erit ſanè de eo quod frequentius, mutatio vero quæ vniuersè fit & <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόως</foreign>, cùm <lb></lb>ſit rarior, tanquam fit per accidens, omittetur. </s> <s>Proinde ſi mutationes metaphoricè dictas exclu<lb></lb>damus: nullam ego rationem ſatis efficacem comperio aduerſus Aueroëm. </s> <s>Quamobrem de <lb></lb>probabilitate ſententiæ reſtat vt agamus in poſterum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1469"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1470"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1471"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1472"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1473"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1474"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1475"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1476"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ Latini de demonſtratione 6. Phyſ. dixerint, & quid de illa Peripateticè statui <lb></lb>conueniat. </s> <s>Caput IXL<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AD hæc D. Thomas poſita conſueta partitione motus, quemadmodum ſecerat Auempace, <lb></lb>ſecundum quantum .ſ. </s> <s>& quale, reſpondet, agi ſanè in hac demonſtratione de diuiſione mo<lb></lb>tus ſecundum quantum; eam tamen pertinere quodammodo ad omnes alios motus: nanque & <lb></lb>generabile diuidi poſſe, & partim eſſe ſub termino à quo, partim ſub termino ad quem; nimi<lb></lb>rùm, antequam genitum ſit, ſub priuatione, ſed interim habere aliquid formæ, vtpote id quod <lb></lb>per præuias affectioneis exhibetur, & quod in qualitate mutatur, ſecundùm quantum diuiditur: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1477"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quandò vna pars quæ primum affecta fuit, proximam ſibi deinceps afficit. </s> <s>Pugnant hæc ſecum, <lb></lb>niſi fallimur. </s> <s>Tùm quia diuiſio generabilis non erit, vt ipſe vult, ſecundùm quantum, ſed ſecun<lb></lb>dùm quale: quippe merito præuiarum affectionum, aut niſi remotè admodum & per accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s>(Neque enim volunt ipſas attingere ſubſtantiam, veluti nos, ſed intra cancellos accidentium ſe <lb></lb>continere) quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>quali accidit eſſe quantum. </s> <s>eſſet ſanè diuiſio ſecundùm quantum, vbi vna <lb></lb>pars genita primùm fuiſſet, mox altera gigneretur. </s> <s>at quoniam totum non nunquam ſimul fit, <lb></lb>vt puto, in minimis & vniformibus, quæ'nam erit huiuſmodi <expan abbr="generabiliũ">generabilium</expan> partitio? </s> <s>certè nulla. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde excluditur hac reſponſione <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόα</foreign> illa mutatio, quòd ipſe cenſeat in omni affectione par<lb></lb>tem à parte affici, neque tamen id perpetuò fiat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Præterquàmquòd licet quærere de <lb></lb>prima illa parte: an'ne particulatim afficiatur, & certè non videtur, ne fortè minimo minus in <lb></lb>natura conſequatur. </s> <s>Valent verò hæc ſaltem aduerſus Latinos, licet aliquem exitum ex noſtris <lb></lb>decretis reperire poſsint. </s> <s>Quòd ſi vniuersè mutetur, ergo non conuenit illi diuiſio ſecundùm <lb></lb>ſubiectum, quam ipſe adhibet, ſed ſecundùm formam, quam ipſe negat. </s> <s>Mitto nunc obiectio<lb></lb>nem illam, quia falsò fuerit aſſumptum à D. Thoma, neque diuiſionem generabilis eſſe <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb>formam; ita vt duplici nomine ſit arguendus; tùm quia, cùm ſtatuit in hac demonſtratione tra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1478"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctari diuiſionem ſecundùm quantum, is tamen diuidat generabile ſecundùm quale; tùm etiam <lb></lb>quia diuiſionem generabilis ſecundùm quale, hoc eſt, ſecundùm formam adminiſtrari poſſe ne<lb></lb>gauerit. </s> <s>Etenim quod in hac diuiſione ſumitur, eſt apparatus: apparatus autem, vt ipſe cenſet, <lb></lb>non eſt pars generationis, ſed affectionis; cùm fit mutatio ad qualitatem per ſe, non ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, <lb></lb>& cùm id reſpiciat ſubſtantiam per accidens, etiam illa quæ per accidens inſunt, in ſua demon<lb></lb>ſtratione recipiat. </s> <s>Proinde Ludouicus Buccaferrea, & Toletus de hac re probabilius decreue<lb></lb>runt, dicentes hanc demonſtrationem pertinere duntaxat ad motum qui eſt ad locum, ſicut om<lb></lb>nia illa quę in libro de motu. (ſic enim paſsim citatur 6. Phyſ. libet ab Ariſtotele, quia motus ſim<lb></lb>pliciter ibi animaduerſus fuerit) conſtituuntur, quod veriſimile eſt propter analogiam motus <lb></lb>eſſe factum cuius merito efficitur, vt proprietates quæ ſunt primi illius quod eſt ad vnum; primò <lb></lb>de reliquis verò quodam ordine <expan abbr="demonſtrẽtur">demonſtrentur</expan>, & ita ſumi diuiſionem ſecundùm quantum quæ <lb></lb>quidem manifeſta eſt in eo quod de loco mouetur, in reliquis verò mobilibus per accidens, aut <lb></lb>ſecundò, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>id conſequitur, vt ea quæ mutantur per cętera prædicamenta, ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> quo<lb></lb>que moueantur. </s> <s>Nanque nullam hîc rationem haberi ego item puto de mutatione metnphori<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1479"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cè dicta. </s> <s>Sic fit vt attributum & cauſſa quæ ſumitur in hac demonſtratione, genus omne mo<lb></lb>bilium complectatur. </s> <s>Sed pace mihi liceat veſtra dicere viri præſtantiſsimi, longè mihi videmi<lb></lb>ni diſcedere à pręceptis analyticis, etenim inculcatis in hanc <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> ea quæ ſunt per ac<lb></lb>cidens, videlicet, diuiſionem quæ reliquis mobilibus conuenit per accidens. </s> <s>Eſto enim quòd ana<lb></lb>logicè conueniat aliquod attributum, conuenit ſanè per ſe, quanuis non primò <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>demon<lb></lb>ſtrationi quoquo pacto ſubiicitur; at hoc per accidens conuenit, <expan abbr="itaq;">itaque</expan> prorſus indemonſtrabile. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſteà nimium tribuetis in hac demonſtratione ſubiecto quod ſtatuitur ſolùm, & eo conſtituto <lb></lb>reliqua, aut aſſumuntur, aut de illo concluduntur, à quibus omnis demonſtrationum varietas du<lb></lb>citur. </s> <s>Nam prout prædicatum fuerit, talis quoque ratio <expan abbr="demonſtratioq́">demonſtratioque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit neceſſe eſt: ita vt, ab <lb></lb>eo demonſtratio, vt ſic dixerim, informetur & determinetur. </s> <s>Idcirco, ſi vniuocum, ſiue ad vnum <lb></lb>fuerit prædicatum, pari etiam conditione prædita erit demonſtratio: ſic quoque pro ratione <lb></lb>medij conſtituitur. </s> <s>nam, ſi neceſſarium fuerit, erit etiam demonſtratio talis, etſi per accidens, & <lb></lb>probabile, idem quoque iudicium de argumentatione illa facere oportebit. </s> <s>At ſubiectum nil <lb></lb>aliud pręſtat, quàm vt ſuſtineat affectioneis & habeat in ſe ipſo certam cauſſam, ob quam inſint <pb pagenum="211"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1480"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in illo: nunc ratio diuiſionis ineſt in reliquis mobilibus propter ſubiectum, quia .ſ. </s> <s>moueri ad lo<lb></lb>cum ineſt in iis quæ cęteris motibus aguntur: nec in illo cauſſam habet quæ ſit eius prædicati <lb></lb>propria; quinimmo neque per ſe. </s> <s>Dicemus igitur probabilius diuiſionem ineſſe in omni mo<lb></lb>bili per ſe, nanque huius conditiones in illa demonſtratione exquiruntur: idcirco illuminatio<lb></lb>nes, & reliquæ mutationes huiuſmodi, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus ſentire & cogitare nihil ad eam pertine<lb></lb>bunt. </s> <s>ita excluditur mutatio loci in elemento quod genitum eſt. </s> <s>Argumento illud eſt, quòd in <lb></lb>vacuo fieri poſſet in non tempore: in iis autem non inficiabor, vt mouentur per accidens, eaſdem <lb></lb>participare conditioneis. </s> <s>Ob id, quia ad per ſe mobilia referuntur. </s> <s>Sed ſtatuimus analogiam pro <lb></lb>ratione diuiſionis, nam hæc duplex eſt, vt ſæpe diximus. </s> <s>quanquàm diuiſio ſecundùm quantum <lb></lb>videtur eſſe prima radix omnium aliatum diuiſionum, vſque adeò, vt quod ſubit quomodocun<lb></lb>que rationem diuiſionis, etiam rationem quanti in ſe contineat, & primò ineſſe in eo appareat <lb></lb>quod per ſe de loco mouetur, ſed ſi rectè animaduertas, ea diuiſio ſecundum quale item eſt, ſiqui<lb></lb>dem illa diuiſio quæ ineſt <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> formam, ea eſt quæ in ipſo eſt quanta, locus enim & ſpatium <lb></lb>naturale & ipſum vbi per ſe quanta ſunt. </s> <s>in cęteris ferè motibus ratio diuiſionis ſecundum qua<lb></lb>le, longè admodum diſtat ab ea quæ eſt ſecundùm quantum, cùm ſit ſecundùm latitudinem po<lb></lb>teſtatis non extentionem materiæ, tametſi de his vberius infrà. </s> <s>Quapropter multò melius iudi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1481"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>co ſeruari id quod per ſe eſt, & analogiam in motibus, ſi diuiſio ſecundùm formam in hac <expan abbr="demõ-ſtratione">demon<lb></lb>ſtratione</expan> ſumatur. </s> <s>Nanque eodem modo & prædicatum & ratio prædicati communis erit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque hîc cauſſa quærenda erit propter quam diuiſio quæ in cęteris mobilibus ineſt, ad hanc de<lb></lb>monſtrationem referatur; quoniam exoritur ex initiis, mobilis, quatenus eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vt poſsit diuidi ſecundùm formam quæ in motu qui eſt ad locum, per ſe conſtat è quanto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita erit vniuerſalis demonſtratio cunctis mobilibus, & erit eorum quæ per ſe inſunt, licet analo<lb></lb>gicè illis <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>, quam tamen hoc medio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõpleri">compleri</expan> cenſuerim, ſed id prætereà poſtulare quod <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles in fine 6. effecit: nempè indiuiduum non poſſe moueri, quia nequeat eſſe partim in <lb></lb>termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem, id autem propriis rationibus peragetur. </s> <s>Ea verò quę <lb></lb>docuimus, quà de ortu quæſitum eſt, vtrùm puncto temporis obeatur, an tempus requirat, oſten<lb></lb>dunt, vt partim ſit id quod gignitur in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem. </s> <s>Non eſſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>& eſſe ſimpliciter ſunt termini, & quod fit partim eſt, partim non eſt, quod omne eſt de prędica<lb></lb>mento ſubſtantiæ, & à nobis relatum eſt ad materiam quæ per gradus quæ genita & facta voca<lb></lb>mus, ad vltimum vſque motus euehitur: in iis verò quidam actus analogicè ineſt, ex participa<lb></lb>tione termini ad quem; itaque imperfectus: ob id nec quidem vniuoca ſunt; attamen aliquid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1482"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt eius, quod futurum eſt, & tunc erit ſimpliciter, vbi generatio fuerit abſoluta. </s> <s>quorum meri<lb></lb>to, vt vides, etiam id quod gignitur, ſub hac demonſtratione comprehenditur; cùm & ipſum <lb></lb>quoque partim ſit in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem. </s> <s>Neque idcirco forma ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ diuidua ponenda erit, & nihilominus in puncto temporis exiſtet. </s> <s>Quæ verò de elementorum <lb></lb>latione docebimus, oſtendent acquiſitionem loci & ſpatij ſecundùm naturam eſſe inſitam in ele<lb></lb>mento & potentiam ſubſtantiæ conſequi, quando per ſe mouetur, quod tum eſt, dum gignitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ſi ita ſint, perſpicuum quoque fit exemplum quod attulit Ariſtoteles à fuſco acceptum opti<lb></lb>mè reſpondere: ſiquidem diuiſio ſecundùm formam quæ ineſt in qualitate à noſtra demonſtra<lb></lb>tione continetur. </s> <s>Patet etiam, quid dicendum ſit ad quæſtionem ab Auerroë inductam: An'ne <lb></lb>demonſtratio præſens omne genus motuum complectatur. </s> <s>Nam dicimus eam illa comprehen<lb></lb>dere, quæ per ſe mutantur: neque neceſſarium eſſe illam ad omne mobile pertinere; tùm quòd <lb></lb>ea quæ per accidens arcentur à methodis; tùm quòd in iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, ratio primi accipi<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Neque item proptereà ſequitur aſſumptionem fore mendacem ex eo, quia reliqua mobilia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1483"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ſint capacia diuiſionis: quòd illis etiam diuiſio conuenit analogicè. </s> <s>Nec medium huiuſce <lb></lb>rationis pertinet ad indiuiduum; cùm ipſum ſanè in puncto eſſe poſsit, non autem in ſpatio: nam <lb></lb>punctum ſpatij pars non eſt, neque terminatum, ſed terminus, ſiue actu exiſtat, ſiue potentia; ne<lb></lb>que item capax eſſe valet alterius mutationis, quia non eſt vlli diuiſioni obnoxium, non modò <lb></lb>ſecundùm quantum; verumetiam ſecundùm quale, & ſecundùm formam. </s> <s>quare neque item <lb></lb>participat formam per productionem, ſed eius merito in quo eſt, & exiſtit, & mutat locum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque omni ratione poteſtatis ipſi <expan abbr="repugnãte">repugnante</expan> non eſt primùm in loco & ſpatio per ſe, ſed neque <lb></lb>etiam vllius prædicamenti notionem nobis per ſeſe offert. </s> <s>Neque enim punctum eſt quantum, <lb></lb>ſed aliquid quanti, nec etiam quale. </s> <s>Omnibus igitur modis per ſe & ab omni cauſſa mutatio<lb></lb>nis abhorret indiuiduum, quia nulli diuiſioni, neque ſecundùm ſubiectum, neque ſecundùm for<lb></lb>mam obnoxium eſt. </s> <s>Itaque efficitur, vt id quod motui ſubiicitur, ſit neceſſariò corpus.</s></p> <pb pagenum="212"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1477"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1478"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1479"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1480"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1481"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1482"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1483"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla de indiuiduo <expan abbr="terminiſq́ue">terminiſque</expan> tractantur quę lucem afferunt demonſtrationi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1484"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1484"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>ſexti Phyſ. Cap. </s> <s>XL<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EA quæ præſens demonſtratio continet, multa ſanè de indiuiduo <expan abbr="terminiſq́">terminiſque</expan>. </s> <s>attingunt quę ni<lb></lb>ſi tractentur diligentius, complureis ſcrupulos in animis noſtris relinquere poſsint, qui nos <lb></lb>non iniuria male habeant, neque motus ingenium plenè aſſequi permittant. </s> <s>Siquidem poteſtas <lb></lb>ad omnem mutationem indiuiduo denegata ſit, & quæ'nam huius euenti cauſſa. </s> <s>Tùm deinde <lb></lb>multæ ſunt indiuiduorum ſpecies, & enim termini ſunt in prædicamento quantitatis, ſunt etiam <lb></lb>formę quæ ſunt eſſentię termini. </s> <s>Sunt quoque indiuiduę ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ. </s> <s>Num'ne omnis <lb></lb>indiuidui ſpecies hac demonſtratione excluditur? </s> <s>Tertiò cùm terminus ad quem ita ſe habeat <lb></lb>ad motum, vt id quod mouetur, ſit in eo termino quadam ex parte quæritur, ſit'ne diuiduus, & <lb></lb>quemadmodum diuidatur, ſiquidem formam ſubſtantiæ ponamus in indiuiduo; nihilominus <lb></lb>illam tempore concludi velimus; quòd ſine aliqua partitionis ratione concipi nequit. </s> <s>Sed certè <lb></lb>primi illius euenti cauſſa ducitur omnis à materia. </s> <s>Hæc enim per ſe poteſtas eſt, & in ſeipſa con<lb></lb>tinet omnem occaſionem tranſmutationis; quandoquidem poteſtas reſpicit actum, & illum aſ<arrow.to.target n="marg1485"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſequi vult, &, vt ita dicam, transformari in illum. </s> <s>Itaque quod primò mutatur, aut eſt materia, <lb></lb>vt in generatione ſubſtantiæ, aut ita mutatur, quatenus conſtat è materia, quemadmodum fit in <lb></lb>accidente. </s> <s>hoc verò eſt ipſa ſubſtantia compoſita. </s> <s>Nunc materia per ſe ipſam eſt interuallum, <lb></lb>ſi nos audies; aut ſaltem habet intrinſecùs illam quantitatem quam interminatam vocant. </s> <s>Proin<lb></lb>de quod per ſe mutatur, eſt neceſſariò per ſe quantum. </s> <s>Igitur ab oppoſito. </s> <s>Quod per ſe quan<lb></lb>tum non eſt, non poteſt per ſe mutari. </s> <s>Tamen verò eſt indiuiduum. </s> <s>Neque enim conſtat ex ma<lb></lb>teria in qua poteſtas omnis exiſtit quæ radix eſt omnis tranſmutationis per ſe. </s> <s>eſt fortè aliquid <lb></lb>materiæ, vt terminus, aut forma, ſed non conſtant ex materia: quamobrem neque multatur ma<lb></lb>teriæ priuilegiis niſi per accidens; caret enim potentia & habilitate, ac ſi quo pacto motui ſubii<lb></lb>citur, non id aſſecutus eſt ex eo quòd ſit poteſtate per ſe, ſed ex eo ad quod adiunctum eſt, quod <lb></lb>per ſe mouetur, vt etiam, ſi fuerit prorſus à materia ſegregatum, nullo modo ſit obnoxium mo<lb></lb>tui, neque per ſe, neque per accidens. </s> <s>Sed vtrum'ne omne indiuidui genus ex huiuſce demon<lb></lb>ſtrationis in motu prohibeatur, an certa <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> indiuidui ſpecies, & quæ'nam, propter <foreign lang="grc">ἀχριβειαν</foreign><lb></lb>methodi conſiderandum quoque cenſeo. </s> <s>Nam mitto illud quòd non ſit abſoluta demonſtra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1486"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio, ſed perſpicuitatis ergô requirat, vt oſtendatur <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> non poſſe moueri, quod ſuis ipſius <lb></lb>propriis rationibus conficietur: quantum tamen patitur generalitas, & amplitudo cauſſæ quæ aſ<lb></lb>ſumitur in illa; ad omne indiuidui genus pertinere poteſt. </s> <s>quodcunque enim illud ſit eo priua<lb></lb>tur, vt ſit partim in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem. </s> <s>Sed enim illa prius ſpectari pu<lb></lb>to quæ mouentur per accidens, & ex iis illud quod reſpicit quantum. </s> <s>ſiquidem, etſi forma <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe immobilis eſt, ea tamen accipiatur, vt terminus ad quem. </s> <s>cuius prima notio ſit, eſſe finem, <lb></lb>perfectionem, extremum motus, itaque certum ac firmum. </s> <s>Si igitur eius notio talis eſt, cur ea <lb></lb>demonſtrationi committenda eſt? </s> <s>idem enim de illo dicetur qui huius rei demonſtrationem ex<lb></lb>petat, ac de eo qui ſibi demonſtrari velit eſſe motum, aut eſſe naturam: nihil enim notius ſuccur<lb></lb>ret quo propoſitum conficere liceat. </s> <s>alterum indiuiduorum genus, quod à materia, ſeparatum <lb></lb>eſt, ignoratur an ſit: & ea poſtulat quæ longo ſermone diſputata ſunt 8. Phyſ. quibus peractis, <lb></lb>tum denique conſtabit id quod mouetur eſſe neceſſariò corpus, & omne indiuidui genus abhor<lb></lb>rere à motu. </s> <s>Quia verò id quod acceptum eſt in ea demonſtratione. </s> <s>Quod mouetur, eſſe par<lb></lb>tim in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem, potuit afferre ſuſpicionem de diuiſione for<lb></lb>mæ, vt melius omnia teneantur, vtile quoque duximus de diuiſione formarum aliquantò copio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1487"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſius agere. </s> <s>Generalis illa diuiſio perhibetur ſecundùm ſubiectum & ſecundùm gradus, ſeu <lb></lb>formæ parteis. </s> <s>Attamen & vtraque variis modis exiſtit, & non eſt vniuſmodi in omni genere <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>Nam videmus eam quæ pro ſubiecti ratione adminiſtratur, ita accipi, vel quòd vna pars <lb></lb>priuſquàm altera mutetur: vel quòd forma cum ſubiecto ſimul extendatur. </s> <s>ſic enim fit, vt qua<lb></lb>cunque ſenſili parte ex toto deſerta conſimilis planè forma cum ea ſegregetur. </s> <s>Non diſsimili ra<lb></lb>tione quod per gradus ſecatur, aut ita ſecatur, vt ratio conſeruetur eadem in toto & partibus, <lb></lb>quod contingere diximus accidenti, aut etiam pars totius rationem non conſeruat, id quod ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ proprium eſt. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quædam mutationes vtrique partitioni ſubiacent; aliæ vnam <lb></lb>tantum accipiunt, aut ſi vtranque non idem eſt vtriuſque proceſſus. </s> <s>Rurſus aliquæ eas admit<lb></lb>tunt neceſſariò; in nonullis nulla neceſsitas obſeruatur. </s> <s>Singulas nunc exploremus, & quid <lb></lb>commune ſecum, quidúe proprium habeant ediſſeramus. </s> <s>Porrò partitio ſecundùm gradus, <lb></lb>cùm ſit eſſentia motus: eſt enim actus ille poteſtatis, quatenus huiuſmodi, pertinet ad omne ge<lb></lb>nus mutationis per ſe, atque id per ſe & neceſſariò. </s> <s>ſed, vt ſæpe diximus, hoc accidente <expan abbr="ſubſtan-tiaq́">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiaque</expan>. </s> <s>intereſt, quòd accidentis gradus eiuſdem ſunt rationis cum termino ad quem; in ſubſtantia <pb pagenum="213"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1488"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò nequaquam. </s> <s>In latione & incremento communiter vtraque diuiſio perſpicitur, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>neceſſariò: atque ita vt par ſit vtriuſque proceſſus; cùm enim fiant ſecundùm quantum per ſe <lb></lb>vel proximè, vt <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>, vel remotè, vt latio quæ per ſe fit ſecundùm vbi, ſed vbi continet ſpa<lb></lb>tium, quod eſt magnitudo; conuenit illis <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> diuiſio ſecundùm ſubiectum, ſed quia pro<lb></lb>ceſſus qui fit <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> ſubiectum, eſt etiam ad formam ad quam motus ille dirigitur: ex eo fit, <lb></lb>vt proceſſus ſecundùm ſubiecti diuiſionem & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> verſus, in quo poſita eſt partitio ſecundùm <lb></lb>gradum, ſit vnus & idem re, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione diſtinguatur. </s> <s>Generatio verò & alteratio diuiſio<lb></lb>nem ſecundùm quantum accipiunt: verùm non neceſſariò, neque forte eodem modo, proptereà <lb></lb>quòd alteratio detur <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόως</foreign> & vniuersè, & quòd prius vna pars, quàm altera mutetur in <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan>, non minimis ineſſe videtur & organicis. </s> <s>nam, ſi minima fuerint vniformia, nullus ordo par<lb></lb>tium ibi poſſe cogitari videtur. </s> <s>ex toto enim producitur minimum vniforme, vbi fuerit à reliquo <lb></lb>conſimili ſegregatum. </s> <s>ne forte minimo minus exiſtat, ſed hoc ab alteratione generatio differt, <lb></lb>quòd alteratio definit in formam quæ ſemper cum ſubiecto diuiditur; at generatio poteſt termi<lb></lb>nari forma, quę tametſi per parteis producitur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> extenditur cum ſubiecto, qualem nos <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan>, <lb></lb>aut omnem, aut aliquam eſſe credimus. </s> <s>Hæc quæ ad diuiſionem attinent, ita ſe habent; non ta<lb></lb>men omnes in 6. Phyſ. tractantur. </s> <s>quòd enim forma ſit extenta, & cum ſubiecto partibilis, aut in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1489"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diuidua, & vt dici conſueuit, in toto tota, hoc nihil ad motum. </s> <s>Diuiſio quoque quæ parteis <lb></lb>ſubiecti reſpicit, haud in omnibus obſeruari poteſt; ſiquidem, ſemper in eadem ſententia per<lb></lb>manemus, in methodis, vbi tractantur ea quæ ſunt per ſe, & quæ ſunt ad vnum, generalia ab vno <lb></lb>primo duci analogicè, quæ tamen per ſe ſint. </s> <s>Cùm igitur prius ſit minimum, quàm id quod con<lb></lb>ſtat ex minimis; cùm prius ſit vniforme quam difforme, horum quoque attributa prius ſpectan<lb></lb>da eſſe duco. </s> <s>Cùm item diuiſio ſecundùm parteis ſubiecti non ad omneis motus neceſſariò refe<lb></lb>ratur; etiam neque hanc diuiſionem communiter in ea demonſtratione concipi credo. </s> <s>Sed quia <lb></lb>diuiſio ſecundùm gradus ad vniuerſos motus attinet generatim, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>perficit eſſentiam motus; <lb></lb>hanc ego defendo in præſente demonſtratione contineri. </s> <s>Quia verò prima omnium eſt latio; il<lb></lb>lam quoque primò concipi affirmo, quæ cùm conueniat cum diuiſione ſecundùm ſubiectum, <expan abbr="il-lã">il<lb></lb>lam</expan> explicari dico ex iis quæ lationi inſunt ex diuiſione quę fit ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, pręcipuè tamen <lb></lb>attinere ad gradus, vnde item analogia tranſlata eſt ad cęteros motus. </s> <s>At verò cùm viderimus <lb></lb>in productione ſubſtantiæ duplicem eſſe ordinem partium, alterum quo prius gignitur planta, <lb></lb>deinde animal, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> alterum quo gignitur cor, aut epar. </s> <s>& in productione qualitatis diuiſionem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1490"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex ſubiecto etiam ineſſe docuerimus, quo pars vicinior prius afficitur; ſit'ne alter ordo, quo prius <lb></lb>fit color, dein albedo? </s> <s>& eſto quòd ſit cur de altero hoc non meminerit Ariſtoteles in productio<lb></lb>ne accidentis, quemadmodum in productione ſubſtantiæ? </s> <s>Equidem rationem coloris ibi con<lb></lb>ſeruati credo, vbi ponuntur media quæ vocant tranſitus & materiæ, quę ſanè ad certam aliquam <lb></lb>formam referri non poſſunt, ſunt enim propemodum infinita: media verò formæ paruo quo<lb></lb>dam numero coërcentur. </s> <s>Non meminiſſe autem de illis puto philoſophos, quòd ille ordo non <lb></lb>ſpectet accidens, quatenus accidens eſt, hoc eſt, quatenus eſt in alio; ſed quatenus ſubſtantiam <lb></lb>participat, habens in ſeipſo vt ſit, & quoddam quod quid eſt, quod generibus & differentiis expli<lb></lb>catur, licet omnia ſint imperfecta ſine notione ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Quoniam igitur eo nomine par eſt <lb></lb>curſus accidentis & ſubſtantiæ: poſtquàm nouimus eſſe illum ordinem in productione ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ, conſimiliter etiam patet idem iudicium de productione accidentis eſſe faciendum. </s> <s>Conſtat <lb></lb>etiam, vt in forma ſit indiuidui notio, licet de accidentis natura dubitandum eſſe videatur; hæc <lb></lb>enim per parteis accedit quæ tamen ſunt eiuſdem rationis. </s> <s>Itaque ſemper id retinendum for<lb></lb>mam eſſe indiuiduam per ſe quod eſt ſecundùm rationem, atque id communiter accidere omni <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1491"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>formæ; eius enim ratio vbique eadem. </s> <s>Nanque aut non adeſt, vt in generatione ſubſtantiæ, <lb></lb>aut ſi adeſt, vt f<gap></gap> accidente, eiuſdem eſt rationis. </s> <s>Non ergo forma diuiditur, neque diuiſio fit <lb></lb>ſecundùm formam, ſed planè reſpicit materiam illa diuiſio. </s> <s>ſeruatur enim ſpecies eadem. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb>ptereà fertur, plus & minus non variare ſpeciem, ſiquidem ſpecies à forma, non à materia conſti<lb></lb>tuatur, ea verò permanet eadem. </s> <s>Atque hæc eſt planè noſtra ſententia de ſenſu demonſtratio<lb></lb>nis 6. Phyſicorum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1485"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1486"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1487"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1488"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1489"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1490"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1491"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Complura de indiuidui motu generatim <expan abbr="ſpeciatimq́">ſpeciatimque</expan>; vestigantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANVIS autem ex iis quæ conſtituta ſunt, & hactenus demonſtrata, ſatis perſpicuum ſit <lb></lb>indiuiduum non ſubiici motui: cùm tamen ipſe quoque Ariſtoteles in calce libri 6. ſeor<lb></lb>ſum de indiuiduo tractet, & communiter quidem, ſi motionum ſpecies aduerteris lib. 6. ſigil<lb></lb>latim verò 1. de ortu. </s> <s>Nam tametſi de latione ſpeciatim verba fiunt; quia transfertur item <lb></lb>ea demonſtratio propter analogiam ad cęteras mutationeis; idem eſt prorſus àc ſi generalis ea <lb></lb>demonſtratio ſit, & quanuis multa dicantur à Latinis cum de indiuidui motu communiter, tum <pb pagenum="214"></pb>etiam de pondere rationum illarum quibus vtitur Ariſtoteles ad opinionem ſuam corrobotan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1492"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dam; noſtri muneris eſſe videtur, hoc ipſo loco rem hanc explorate diligentius. </s> <s>Cùm igitur in<lb></lb>diuiduum ſit multiplex, vel forma, vel id, quod terminus eſt corporis, vt punctum, vel illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quod ab omni quantitate ſegregatum eſt (iam enim hoc tanquam datum accipio, quod tamen <lb></lb>8. Phyſ. non ſine ſummo labore inuentum eſt) miſſa forma cuius inter primas notioneis eſt eſſe <lb></lb>terminum & indiuiduum, miſſo etiam quòd ſit indiuiduum terminus quanti, ſiquidem termini <lb></lb>corporum in ipſo corpore ſenſili ſenſui ſeſe offerant: ſolùm illud proponatur ad inquirendum, <lb></lb>motu'ne aliquo agantur, aut omnino permutentur. </s> <s>Quia verò motus, ſeu mutatio duplex eſt, <lb></lb>vna quidem quæ affert interitum, atque altera quæ perficit; de poſtrema hac aliàs dicetur, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> <lb></lb>vbi de ingenio beatarum mentium diſceptabitur. </s> <s>de illa nunc agamus quæ adnexa eſt ſucceſsio<lb></lb>ni formarum. </s> <s>Illa ſanè quæ Peripatetici afferunt, mea quidem ſententia, plurimum valent qui<lb></lb>bus per ſe moueri non poſſe probetur indiuiduum, vt etiam cum ea conditione per ſe, recipian<lb></lb>tur ab illis auctoribus qui alteram problematis partem defendere conantur, & cùm valeant illa <lb></lb>ad motum ab eo indiuiduo tollendum qui eſt terminus corporis, à maiori quoque motum ab il<lb></lb>lo ſeparabunt, quod cum corpore nullam affinitatem habebit. </s> <s>Prætereà verò, quæ ſuprà demon<lb></lb>ſtrata ſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> addebat hæc Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Cùm motus ſine tempore non conſiſtat: profectò indi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1493"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uiduum item quodam tempore mouebitur, accipe tempus quoddam certum. </s> <s>in eo, vel iam ter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1494"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minum ad quem occupauit, vel adhuc manet in termino à quo, vel parteis habet in vtroque ter<lb></lb>mino. </s> <s>Poſtremùm dici non poteſt, ſic enim foret diuiduum. </s> <s>ex illis nihil eſt, quòd tum quie<lb></lb>ſceret, imò quieuiſſet, non moueretur. </s> <s>Neque enim tibi dicere licet, moueri indiuiduum, quia <lb></lb>ſit in quodam indiuiduo, atque itidem in aliquo temporis puncto. </s> <s>iam enim continua compo<lb></lb>nere ex indiuiduis reclamante natura, præterquamquòd pro eo quod eſt, moueri, reponeres id <lb></lb>quod eſt eſſe mutatum. </s> <s>Tùm ſecundò. </s> <s>Omne id quod mouetur, ita mouetur, quia attingit & <lb></lb>permetitur ſpatium per quod mouetur, & tranſit prius peræquale, aut minus. </s> <s>Per minus ſanè <lb></lb>tranſire non poterit; nihil enim eo minus, ergo ſaltem peræquale. </s> <s>At verò id etiam indiuiduum <lb></lb>ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Quare in idem recidemus, vt continuum ex indiuiduis conflatum ſit. </s> <s>Poſtremò <lb></lb>motus omnis eſt in tempore. </s> <s>Omne verò tempus diuidi poteſt. </s> <s>Pone ergo tu moueri indiui<lb></lb>duum, & ab vno in alterum indiuiduum ſe conferre. </s> <s>motus hic certè in quodam tempore ab<lb></lb>ſoluetur, atque illo quidem diuiduo. </s> <s>Sed erit ipſe indiuiduus, & ob eam cauſſam omnium mi<lb></lb>nimus, quòd in vno ſolo puncto fiet. </s> <s>at tempus adhuc diuidi poterit. </s> <s>Itaque tempus & motus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1495"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>partes ſibi pro portione non reſpondebunt, quod ſanè abſurdum eſt. </s> <s>Atque hæc qui<lb></lb>dem Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Sed illud etiam generatim confirmabat idem placitum, & omni generi indiui<lb></lb>dui conueniebat. </s> <s>Nanque id quod mouetur, traducitur de poteſtate ad actum, actus autem & <lb></lb>poteſtas ſecum congruant neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Atqui actus ille qui eſt vbi, diuiduus eſt (intellige ſecun<lb></lb>dum materiam) ergo rei diuiduæ. </s> <s>Sicut etiam non mouetur ad locum indiuiduum; non poteſt <lb></lb>item affici, quando affectiones naturales etiam diuidi debent. </s> <s>Si autem id quod non afficitur, <lb></lb>gigni quoque non poteſt; profectò neque gignetur indiuiduum: niſi gignatur, neque item au<lb></lb>geſcet: itaque nulli mutationi erit obnoxium. </s> <s>Quid contra hæc pro parte oppoſita problema<lb></lb>tis à ſenſu petitum, <expan abbr="naturaliterq́">naturaliterque</expan>. </s> <s>approbatum ſit, nihil equidem reperio: verùm Ariſtotelis ar<lb></lb>gumenta ſic dilui; quia .ſ. </s> <s>illud efficiant, per ſe quidem motum indiuiduo non couuenire, ſed <lb></lb>aliarum appendicum priuilegio non tolli, quominus indiuiduum moueatur, vt puta, ſpatium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad hęc addunt non eſſe abſurdum, ſi in indiuiduo collocetur poteſtas ad vbi quæ ab actu ſecum <lb></lb>congruente perficiatur. </s> <s>At nos, quantum attinet ad illas appendices, quà de mutatione quę per <lb></lb>vacuum fit, diſſeremus, oſtendemus neque interuallum ſpatij, neque mobili ipſius afferre cauſ<lb></lb>ſam motus. </s> <s>Quamobrem nulla cauſſa eſt, cur approbemus in naturali philoſophia talem ſolu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1496"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem. </s> <s>Idcirco ſic Peripateticè concludendum puto. </s> <s>Omne id quod moueri oportet, reſi<lb></lb>ſtentia quadam impediri neceſſariò quæ aut externa ſit, aut interna. </s> <s>rebus verò ſimpliciſsimis, at<lb></lb>que indiuiduis internam reſiſtentiam tribuere, quæ non ſit ſine partium varietate, aut ſaltem <lb></lb>ſine participatione materiæ, à Peripatetica diſciplina valde abhorrere puto; externam verò qua <lb></lb>ratione dabimus, cùm inter contraria procedat & corpora? </s> <s>Ex his autem illud primum à nobis <lb></lb>ſupra affatim explicatum eſt; alterum verò facilè patebit luſtranti 4. Phyſ. Nam ſicuti corpus <lb></lb>per vacuum non mouetur, ſed ſolummodò mutatur, ſic & incorporeum per corpus non moue<lb></lb>bitur ſanè, ſed mutabitur. </s> <s>Vt enim plenum ſe habet ad vacuum; ſic corpus ad incorporeum. <lb></lb></s> <s>ergo ex commutata proportione, vt corpus ad vacuum; ſic incorporeum ad plenum. </s> <s>Sed cor<lb></lb>pus in vacuo non mouetur, ſed tantummodò mutatur, ſic incorporeum in pleno non mouebi<lb></lb>tur, ſed mutabitur. </s> <s>Quod ſi denique non moueri, ſed mutari velis hoc ſubſtantiæ genus, nun<lb></lb>quam certè apud Ariſtotelem <expan abbr="cõperi">comperi</expan>, aut apud alium Peripateticum obſeruare potui, mutatio<lb></lb>nem aliquam ſine præcedente motu conſtare, vt idem ab Auerroë didicimus ſuprà, quà ſenten<lb></lb>tiam eius de demonſtrationis Ariſtotelicę ſenſu diſcuſsimus. </s> <s>Itaque tale ſubſtantiarum genus <pb pagenum="215"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1497"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>liberum ab omni motu cum per ſe, tum per accidens, eo ſolum excepto, quod ab intelligendo & <lb></lb>appetendo naſci poteſt & eſſe neceſſarium, ſi qua ſit mens infra primam. </s> <s>Neque probabile eſt, <lb></lb>id quod ſupra naturam eſt, ex eo perfici quod eſt ſecundùm naturam: <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus credibile <lb></lb>eſt ex eo perfici quod eſt præter naturam, & adhuc multò minus, quòd ſit illi ſupra naturam hic <lb></lb>motus: cùm alioquin aliæ ſpecies indiuidui quæ manent in corpore, tametſi nullo modo per ſe <lb></lb>mouentur; at ad motum corporis & per accidens ipſa locum mutare, ſic perſpicuum eſt, vt non <lb></lb>ſit dubitandum. </s> <s>Quanquam illud dubitatum, an'ne qualitatem mutare poſsit. </s> <s>Verùm quia <lb></lb>ſeorſum de alteratione diſputabimus, ad illum locum tota hæc diſceptatio referuabitur. </s> <s>Patet <lb></lb>igitur indiuiduum, per ſe nulli prorſus motui ſubiici. </s> <s>Sed enim cùm eiuſmodi ſubſtantiarum <lb></lb>motus compertus ſit apud homineis pios; ſic ego de hac re diſputabo. </s> <s>Equidem vt ignotum <lb></lb>fuiſſe arbitror Ariſtoteli genus aliquod eſſe illius ſubſtantiæ quam numerat in rebus honeſtis <lb></lb>præter menteis beatas quæ mouent cęlum; ita eum ſic ſenſus iudicium approbaturum fuiſſe pu<lb></lb>to, vt ſicubi diuino beneficio ſeſe tale ſubſtantiæ genus obtuliſſet, & pro conſtanti habiturum, & <lb></lb>cauſſas illius motus, <expan abbr="aliorumq́">aliorumque</expan>. </s> <s>attributorum pro viribus allaturum. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſubſtantia ſepa<lb></lb>rata neceſſariò mobilis futura ſit, vel per ſe, vel per accidens; etiam puto illa diſplicitura fuiſſe <lb></lb>quę longo progreſſu peracta fuerunt 8. Phyſicorum.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1498"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1492"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1493"></margin.target>a 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. <gap></gap>7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1494"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1495"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1496"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1497"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1498"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea declarantur ex quibus vnus ad ſpeciem motus conſtituitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SVNT igitur duo primi termini quorum è communi participatione motus exiſtit; atque illi <lb></lb>quidem ſi motum tempori ſubiiciunt, <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>; partibilem faciunt, non modò ſpecie, verùm <lb></lb>etiam re ſeiungantur oportet ab initio motus. </s> <s>Et in omnibus quidem motibus (vnam conuer<lb></lb>ſionem excipio, neque enim ita euidens hoc eſt) re & ſpecie diſtinguntur: aliter puncto tempo<lb></lb>ris exiſteret omnis mutatio, quemadmodum in mutationibus metaphoricè dictis accepimus in <lb></lb>quibus idem re ſunt mutari & mutatum eſſe, & in extremo interitu, vbi <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non eſſe & pri<lb></lb>mum eſſe re idem ſunt, cùm ſola ratione ſeparentur. </s> <s>Nanque in mutationibus perficientibus <lb></lb>ſolum rationis diſcrimen intercedit quo per mutationem quæ eſt verbale, prioris ſtatus ratio ſi<lb></lb>mul habetur; quaſi notetur anteà non ſic extitiſſe; permutatum eſſe quod eſt participium, deſi<lb></lb>gnatur conditio præſens. </s> <s>ita in vltimo non eſſe & primo, eſſe res eadem eſt, ratio diuerſa, quòd <lb></lb>vltimum non eſſe refertur ad præcedentia; primum verò eſſe ad ea quæ ſequuntur. </s> <s>In conuer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1499"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſione verò videbitur idem fortaſſe punctum in circunferentia deſignatum, vicem vtriuſque ter<lb></lb>mini ſubire docente Ariſtotele cauſſam perpetui motus in cęlo inter alias eſſe, quòd idem pun<lb></lb>ctum ſit finis & initium motus, & vnà terminus à quo & terminus ad quem. </s> <s>Sed re vera etiam <lb></lb>ea principia reapſe diſtincta ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Nanque etſi ſimpliciter nullum eſt in circunferen<lb></lb>tia <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> quod non ſit initium & finis; at non ſunt finis eiuſdem motus, ſeu partis motus ſim<lb></lb>pliciter: neque ad idem ſpatium: ad idem verò ſpatium & ad eandem partem motus, etiam ter<lb></lb>minos tantiſper diſtare neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Ergo duo termini re diſiuncti in omni motu requiruntur, <lb></lb>atque illi primi & perfecti. </s> <s>Nanque etiam non primos & imperfectos, cuiuſmodi ſunt in quo<lb></lb>que continuo, contingit eſſe infinitos, ex quorum participatione non modò motus exiſtit, ſed <lb></lb>ille quidem continuus & vnus; latio primùm, mox analogicè reliqui motus. </s> <s>Cùm verò conti<lb></lb>nuum ſit vnum, & planè ad numerum; id verò & vnum ſpecie ſimul & genere eſſe oportet: igno<lb></lb>rato verò genere ſpecies & partes ignorantur; præſtat item, vt de ſingulis vnius modis aliqua <lb></lb>perquiramus. </s> <s>Occaſionem verò dubitandi de motu qui ſpecie vnus eſt, præbuit decretum Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis, quòd ipſe ex eo quòd terminus ad quem vnus eſſet, vnum ad ſpeciem motum eſſe conſti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1500"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuit, vna eſt enim dealbatio, ſiue à nigro, ſiue à fuſco ad album natura præcedat. </s> <s>Multa verò ob<lb></lb>ſtare videntur; tum, quòd ad eundem terminum in omni propemodum ſpecie motus à diuerſis, <lb></lb>atque adeò oppoſitis terminis accedere contingit, vbi vnus non eſt ad ſpeciem motus, ſed planè <lb></lb>diuerſus, vt cum ab extremis natura procedit ad medium in alteratione, item ad loca elemento<lb></lb>rum mediorum, tum etiam ad mediam quantitatem. </s> <s>Quapropter à nigro ad fuſcum & ab al<lb></lb>bo quoque erit idem ad ſpeciem motus. </s> <s>Sic cum progreſſus à nigro ſit dealbatio, ab albo verò <lb></lb>denigratio; erit idem motus dealbatio & denigratio, quòd ſi id abſurdum eſt: ergo etiam neceſ<lb></lb>ſe eſt motus illi ſpecie diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Similiter cùm à minore quanto ad maius ſit incrementum, <lb></lb>contrà decrementum à maiore ad minus, quoniam ad diuerſa eadem quantitas maior eſſe po<lb></lb>teſt & minor, ad eandem quantitatem erit auctio & diminutio; <expan abbr="pariq́">parique</expan>. </s> <s>pacto deſcenſus & aſcen<lb></lb>ſus, ſiquidem aër in ſuum locum è centro terræ, & è ſummo igni moueatur. </s> <s>Nec non idem ad <lb></lb>ſpeciem foret motus violens & naturalis; cùm ad aëris locum è terra lapis aſcendit, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>eò <lb></lb>de ſuperiore loco deſcendit, aut etiam lapis à centro, & ignis ſimul aſcendunt; & ad centrum la<lb></lb>pis ex natura ſua mouetur ad quod ignis contra naturam deſcenderet. </s> <s>Etiam media, quanuis <lb></lb>diuerſa forent, variam quoque ſpeciem motus non efficerent: nam & ita ſequeretur, vt fuſcatio <pb pagenum="216"></pb>& viridatio forent idem; vt ſiquid à nigro ad album modò per fuſcum, aliàs per viride tranſiret. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1501"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Item ſi ab A ad B. profiſceretur idem corpus modò ſuper circulo, mox ſuper recta; cùm ſit idem <lb></lb>terminus B in vtroque motu, eadem ſpecies motus quoque fuerit. </s> <s>Efficeretur etiam, vt non eſ<lb></lb>ſet deſcenſus è ſphęra ignis ad centrum, ſi moueretur ad aquam, cùm deberet alioqui moueri ad <lb></lb>centrum: neque enim idem eſſet terminus ad quem lapis ferretur. </s> <s>Hæc auctores plerique de<lb></lb>cernunt. </s> <s>Primùm diſtinguitur de terminis ad quos: etenim, aut ſunt imperfecti, quos etiam ſi <lb></lb>natura aſſequatur, non tamen ibi quieſcit, ſed vult prætereà progredi. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur motus <lb></lb>quidam imperfectus quem videtur indicaſſe Philoſophus, dum deſcriberet finem, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd eſſet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1502"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>extremum eorum motuum qui continui forent, aut termini perfecti ſunt, quò .ſ. </s> <s>natura conten<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>neque adepta progreditur vlterius, ibi manens ſecundùm naturam, vt cùm ex aëre <expan abbr="deſcẽdit">deſcendit</expan> <lb></lb>lapis; ſi fingatur in aqua parumper quieſcere, licet eò tendat, ille terminus imperfectus eſt: cen<lb></lb>trum verò eſt terminus perfectus. </s> <s>ſ: quidem in aqua nolit lapis omnino quieſcere, ſed niſi prohi<lb></lb>beatur, vſque ad centrum feretur, <expan abbr="ibiq́ue">ibique</expan> etiam ſuopte impulſu permanebit, vt inde diuelli non <lb></lb>niſi magno cum labore patiatur. </s> <s>Secundò medium, inquiunt, in omni motu duplex eſt, aut for<lb></lb>male, aut materiale: formale id appellant quod eſt ſpatij forma quod eſt vel rectum, vel in or<lb></lb>bem ductum, aut, ſiquid ex his eſt compoſitum, vt ſpira; alterum quod eſt ex partibus eiuſdem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1503"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpatij, vt quicquid intra duo puncta comprehenditur in linea recta, aut in circunferentia. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>vt Ariſtotelis dicta concilient; conſtituunt in ea theſi, nimirum quòd vnus ad ſpeciem motus eo <lb></lb>determinetur, quòd vnus ad ſpeciem ſit terminus ad quem; accipiendum eſſe terminum ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb>vltimum, & ab eo <expan abbr="denominationẽ">denominationem</expan> eſſe faciendam: medium verò ſtatuunt formale <expan abbr="tãtummodò">tantummodò</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Volunt & alij mobile idem eſſe: quanquam mobile accipiunt non <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> ipſum, vt aërem, <lb></lb>aut aquam, ſeu quod habet in ſeipſo principium talis motus, vt graue, aut leue. </s> <s>proinde ſpectan<lb></lb>dum eſſe, ſit'ne motus ſecundùm, aut contra naturam. </s> <s>Ex his ſe tollere putant dubitationes pro<lb></lb>poſitas. </s> <s>Nam ſic non eſt eadem ſpecies motus quæ in orbem fit & rectà vtrobique ab A ad B, <lb></lb>cùm differant media ratione formali, quanuis non vereatur aſſerere quidam auctor hos motus <lb></lb>inter ſe ſpecie non differre, illud ſpectans, (niſi fallor) ne ex hoc naſcatur corpora quæ ſic mo<lb></lb>uentur, ſpecie diſtingui, ac ſuccedat ex tali ratione cęlum eſſe corpus æternum. </s> <s>Sed ſit hoc <expan abbr="ve-riſsimũ">ve<lb></lb>riſsimum</expan>, contineamus nos intra cancellos philoſophiæ Peripateticę quæ decernit, hos motus ſpe<lb></lb>cie differre. </s> <s>Rurſus nihil obſtat, quominus eadem ſit ſpecies motus, quandò graue mouetur <lb></lb>ad aquæ planitiem & ad centrum; quia planities aquę non eſt terminus ad quem vltimus & per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1504"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fectus. </s> <s>Neque idem eſt motus aëris & terræ ad centrum; cùm illi ſit contrà naturam; huic verò <lb></lb>ex natura. </s> <s>Sic enim fit, vt non ſit mobile idem. </s> <s>Sed enim illa ſolutio non eſt approbanda quæ <lb></lb>non euertit funditùs omnes dubitationes, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus à nobis, qui vnum Ariſtotelem hîc de<lb></lb>fendere cupimus; ipſe verò, vbi diſſerit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Vtrùm motui qui fit in orbem, quippiam contra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1505"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rium ſit an'non; accipit eundem eſſe motum, ſi fiat ſuper circulo, aut ſuper recta; quandò fiat <lb></lb>ad idem punctum. </s> <s>Quare conati ſunt alij nouis quibuſdam diſtinctionibus adiectis propoſi<lb></lb>tas difficultates depellere, vtpote, Terminorum rationem eſſe diligenter obſeruandam. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>non eſſe eandem rationem loci aëris ad ignem & terram; quippe quòd ſit vt infrà ad ignim, ad <lb></lb>terram verò vt ſuprà: neque eandem eſſe rationem cubiti & decem cubiti ad tricubitum, cùm il<lb></lb>lo ſit maior, hoc autem minor. </s> <s>Tùm etiam motus ſecum differre vel modo, vel ſpecie. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq;">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>albefactio ſpecie diſtinguitur à nigrefactione; ſed velox à tardo ſolum differt modo & per acci<lb></lb>dens: neque enim ſunt differentiæ conſtituentes, aut diuidentes, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ad omneis ſpecies mo<lb></lb>tus pertineant. </s> <s>Ita naturale & contra naturam non eſſe ſpecies, ſed modos, cùm peruagentur <lb></lb>omnem ſpeciem motus: nullus enim motus eſt qui non ſit naturalis, aut violens. </s> <s>His omnibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1506"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>receptis aliqua ſubſcripſit eruditiſsimus Toletus, quæ (niſi me animus fallit) neque dubitatione <lb></lb>carent, neque ſunt prorſus à repugnantia libera. </s> <s>Nempe rationem habendam eſſe ſolùm ter<lb></lb>mini ad quem, in conſtituendo vno ad ſpeciem motum, termini à quo nullam; tanquam alienus <lb></lb>eſſet ab eſſentia & vnitate motus, quia per accidens ſolùm ad vnitatem ſpecificam pertineret: <lb></lb><expan abbr="mobileq́">mobileque</expan>. </s> <s>excludendum; quaſi nihil referret cuius'nam foret naturæ: mox rationem termini ad <lb></lb>quem poſitam eſſe in habitudine ad terminum à quo. </s> <s>Nam primùm illa ſecum pugnant, quòd <lb></lb>terminus à quo reiiciatur ab vnitate ſpecifica motus, & quòd terminus ad quem conſiſtat in ha<lb></lb>bitudine termini à quo; nam ſi mutuò ſe reſpiciunt hi termini, in illa habitudine conſiſtet <expan abbr="vtiq;">vtique</expan> <lb></lb>vtrorumque eſſentia. </s> <s>Ergo quicquid ex altero conſtituitur, etiam quodammodò conſtituatur <lb></lb>ex compare neceſſe eſt: aliter ſequeretur, aliquid ab eſſentia ſua poſſe ſeparari. </s> <s>Ita enim eſt in <lb></lb>huiuſmodi conſequentibus, quemadmodum monebat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Quicquid ad vnius eſſen<lb></lb>tiam pertineret, facere item ad eorum eſſentiam quæ pendent ab illo eſſentialiter. </s> <s>Deinde ab <lb></lb>eodem fonte petitur, quòd vnus ſit motus, & ſpecie differat. </s> <s>Sed quî diſtingui poteſt aſcenſus <lb></lb>& deſcenſus, niſi conſtituta notitia terminorum ſuprà & infrà, & ex vtriſque ſimul acceptis, vn<lb></lb>de .ſ. </s> <s>& quo, aut ſaltem ſubintellectis? </s> <s>Nanque, etſi grauitas & deſcenſus eo terminantur quod <pb pagenum="217"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1507"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt tendere ad centrum; ſubintelligere quoque oportet, à quo, eſt verò locus ſuperior & circun<lb></lb>ferentia. </s> <s>Ac ſi aſcenſum & deſcenſum ad ſuum locum in aëre ſignificare voluëro; liquidò con<lb></lb>ſtat deſcenſum illò eſſe loco ſuperiore, ab inferiore verò eſſe aſcenſum. </s> <s>alia prætereo, de quibus <lb></lb>olim, dum terminum à quo etiam motus eſſentiam complere docui. </s> <s>Si ergo terminus à quo <lb></lb>neceſſariò requiritur, quo determinantur aſcenſus, atque deſcenſus, & per ipſum vnum motum <lb></lb>eſſe oportebit, & à cęteris ſpecie diſtingui. </s> <s>Poſtremò qui ſeparat à mobili conſequentia motum, <lb></lb>is profectò periclitatur, ne phyſicas rationeis abſtrahat à ſubiecto; deinde ne poſsit ex differentii: <lb></lb>motuum ſimplicium, corporum ſimplicium numerum inuenire, ſi vnus ad ſpeciem motus non <lb></lb>flagitaret vnam ſpeciem ſubiecti. </s> <s><expan abbr="Multoq́">Multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis id nobis concedent, opinor, qui certorum acci<lb></lb>dentium non per accidens certum quoque ſubiectum ponunt. </s> <s>Nam cùm motus ſit forma, ſed <lb></lb>illa quidem imperfecta; ſicut forma perfecta certum ſubiectum poſtulat, & certam habilitatem <lb></lb>requirit; ſic & motus qui eſt actus eius habilitatis, deſiderabit certum ſubiectum. </s> <s>Dices fortè <lb></lb>pro ipſis de eſſentia quidem motus eſſe, quòd certum habeat ſubiectum, ſed de eo quòd ad <expan abbr="ſpe-ciẽ">ſpe<lb></lb>ciem</expan> ſit vnus, haud quaquam. </s> <s>quaſi verò non fit eadem origo eſſentię & attributorum. </s> <s>Sed miſſa <lb></lb>hęc faciamus. </s> <s>quid de graui & leui ſimpliciter, vbi vna <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> ratio, & de graui & leui <expan abbr="quo-dãmodo">quo<lb></lb>dammodo</expan>, vbi duę rationes? </s> <s><expan abbr="qũo">quomodo</expan> vnus motus in illis, in his verò duplex, niſi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> mobilis habeatur? <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1508"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Idcirco ſi motus ſpecie diuerſos aſſequi velimus, altius aliquantò ſpeciei conſtituendæ ratio repe<lb></lb>tenda eſt. </s> <s>Etenim ſpecies nonnunquam ab aliquo principio ducitur quod ſimpliciter in natura <lb></lb>non eſt neceſſarium, ſed tamen ineſt perpetuò in illo quod ſpeciei ſubiicitur, vt .ſ. </s> <s>ex eo mens no<lb></lb>ſtra ſeſe applicet ad eam rem concipiendam, vt ſublimium ſpecies, quæ nihil ordinatum habent <lb></lb>in natura, cometes, inquam, & ignes in ſublimi, quorum ſpecies à figuris petuntur, vt criniti, bar<lb></lb>bati, caudari vocentur, & illi capræ, ſtellæ diſcurrentes, vrcei, trabes, & denique illæ ſpecies ha<lb></lb>beantur ad quæ ſignificanda nomen proprium excogitatum eſt. </s> <s>Secundò ſpecies etiam ab ad<lb></lb>uentitio quodam & extrinſecus adiuncto ſumitur, ſine quo ſanè materia conſeruaretur, ſed ta<lb></lb>men ſine illo non faceret officium, quod facit cum adiuncto, vbi .ſ. </s> <s>ſubſtantia maneant, ſed offi<lb></lb>cium ſine adiuncto non faciat. </s> <s>talis ordinis ſunt ſanguis & ſpiritus, quibus ſi calorem adimas, <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, quæ eſt materia, & mixtum conſeruatur, ſed munus eorum nullum exiſtit ſine calore; <lb></lb>calor ille aliunde influit; nihilominus, quia vim fungendi officio materiæ præbet, ex eo ratio ſpe<lb></lb>ciei ſumitur. </s> <s>Tertiò ſpecies verè ex internis principiis ducitur quibus nihil extrinſecus accedat, <lb></lb>ſed ipſa per ſeſe ſufficiant ad omne munus naturale præſtandum, & in ſeipſis habeant omne ſui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1509"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præſidium. </s> <s>tales ſunt ſpecies perfectæ quæ ordinem neceſſarium in natura conſecutæ ſunt; ſine <lb></lb>quibus vniuerſum mancum & imperfectum foret. </s> <s>Et ſpecies motus etiam non vniuſmodi ſunt, <lb></lb>quandò aliquæ, neque ſunt omninò neceſſariæ, & id habent ſolùm, quòd ex quodam acceſſorio <lb></lb>nunc noſtra certum quid concipiat. </s> <s>Inde ſaltatio & ambulatio diſtinguuntur: etiam ſi ſuper <lb></lb>eodem ſpatio fiant: neque enim ſaltatio, aut rotatio neceſſaria: ſed certa conditione actio illa <lb></lb>terminatur, cui proprium nomen impoſitum eſt, & ita ſpecies effecta. </s> <s>Sic ſi ab eodem ad idem <lb></lb>punctum rectà aut circulo mobile reuertatur, diuerſa ſpecies & motus, & ille progreſſus eſt, alter <lb></lb>verò conuerſio. </s> <s>Sed vt vides, externum hoc eſt, neque certum ordinem habet, neceſsitatemúe <lb></lb>in natura. </s> <s>Ex hoc ſi ſpecies motus diſtinguantur, nihil eſt incommodi: verum, non hoc ſolum <lb></lb>ſpeciem motus hoc modo variabit, ſed quodcunque aliud præſentia cuius ipſa res immutabitur, <lb></lb>vt ſiquis celeri ſaltationi pyrrhichij, tardę verò ſpondęi nomen aſsignauerit, variam ſpeciem ſal<lb></lb>tationis effecerit; & tamen velox & tardum in motu ſunt accidentia, non ob aliud niſi quam mo<lb></lb>tum certa illa conditione reſtrinxit, & illi nomen dedit. </s> <s>Hoc igitur modo multiplicantur ſpe<lb></lb>cies motus; neque illę ſolum cauſſæ quas interpretes credunt ſpeciem immutabunt; ſed ſi po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1510"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pulo placebit, innumeræ fingi poterunt, vt etiam certa fortio fuſi à quaque muliercula facta ſpe<lb></lb>ciem innouatura ſit, veluti, ſi digitis contractis fiat. </s> <s>Cęterùm hæc ſpeciei ratio mittatur: eam <lb></lb><expan abbr="attẽdamus">attendamus</expan> quæ à natura inſtituta eſt, & ſine qua labefactari poſsit ordo vniuerſi, quæ item ab in<lb></lb>ternis principiis ſolummodò pendet, & in ſe ipſa, vt ſic dicam, omnem ſpem reponit ſui. </s> <s>Quæ <lb></lb>igitur ad vnum ad ſpeciem motum conſtituendum afferri ſolent, ex duobus ordinibus accipiun<lb></lb>tur; aut enim complent eſſentiam motus, aut ea conſequuntur. </s> <s>Nos de vtroque ordine diſſere<lb></lb>mus; primùm verò de iis, vnde motus eſſentia deriuatur. </s> <s>Igitur ea quę motum conſtituunt; tria <lb></lb>ſunt (vt optimè noſti) vterque terminus & ſubiectum. </s> <s>Verùm, ſicut ex iis exiſtit motus, ita quo<lb></lb>que aſſecutus eſt quòd ſit vnus. </s> <s>Eadem enim principia ſunt ex quibus & res exiſtit, atque item <lb></lb>eſt vna. </s> <s>Horum verò primæ ſunt partes termini ad quem, vltimi & perfecti; cùm hic præcipuè <lb></lb>ſit vnus, & forma, & finis quibus omnia præfiniuntur. </s> <s>Secundæ dantur termino à quo; cùm <lb></lb>vtrique termini inter ſe reſpiciant; vt, neque etiam cogitatione alter ab altero diuelli poſsit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atque hic vnus eſt primus & adæquatus; nempe contrarius. </s> <s>Nam quanuis ſit contrarius termi<lb></lb>no ad quem, nec è duobus contrariis vna ſpecies exiſtere poſſe videatur. </s> <s>At eſt contrarius, vt <lb></lb>album nigro: vt terminus à quo præſefert habitudinem ad terminum ad quem. </s> <s>Neque enim <pb pagenum="218"></pb>album, aut nigrum ſunt termini motus ſimpliciter, ſed tunc termini euadunt, cùm alter qui eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1511"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad alterum potentia, exercet illam potentiam quam habet; id quod per motum efficitur, & quia <lb></lb>ſunt eo tempore imperfecta contraria, poſſunt vnà conſiſtere: ita eſſentia motus ex vtriſque exi<lb></lb>ſtit, non quidem vt formis, ſed vt terminis, atque illis quidem vt poteſtatem habent adnexam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque enim ſimpliciter eſt proceſſus ad terminum ad quem, ſed ſecundùm potentiam quæ niti<lb></lb>tur termino à quo. </s> <s>Conſtituit ergo motum terminus à quo, licet non præcipuè, & eſt contra<lb></lb>rius. </s> <s>Itaque vna eſt dealbatio ex nigro & rufo; &, vna denigratio ex albo & viridi: quandò ex <lb></lb>rufo album fit, vt ex nigro & nigrum ex viridi, quatenus eſt album. </s> <s>in mediis enim extrema con<lb></lb>tinentur, & ita docuit Ariſtoteles, omnem mutationem in contraria reſolui. </s> <s>Requiritur tertiò <lb></lb>ſubiectum, quod ſanè vnum eſſe debet, neque tamen indiuiduum, neque ad ſpeciem, ſed ſecun<lb></lb>dùm rationem. </s> <s>Proptereà duo motus in aëre deſcenſus & aſcenſus, quia ratio duplex, nimirùm <lb></lb>grauis & leuis: vnus in iis quæ ſimpliciter talia ſunt, quorum vna eſt ratio. </s> <s>Hæc certè ſi eadem <lb></lb>ad ſpeciem ſint, vnum ad ſpeciem motum verè efficiunt. </s> <s>De reliquis mox agemus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1499"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1500"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1501"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1502"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1503"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1504"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1505"></margin.target>b 1. de cę<lb></lb>lo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1506"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1507"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1508"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1509"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1510"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1511"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne aliquod ex iis quæ motum conſequuntur, vnde varietur ſpecies motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Caput XLIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1512"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1512"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DVO prætereà numerari ſolent ex conſequentibus motum quibus eius ſpeciem immutari <lb></lb>dicunt. </s> <s>Quòd idem medium non ſit formaliter. </s> <s>Quòd motus ſit naturalis, aut contra na<lb></lb>turam. </s> <s>Sed enim multa faciunt, quominus eamus in aliorum ſententiam. </s> <s>Mihi enim viden<lb></lb>tur omnino aut <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> ſpeciei <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> creare, aut in ſuperioreis cauſſas poſſe diſſolui. </s> <s>Atque vt <lb></lb>primùm à primis ex ordiamur ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Non'ne euertitur omnis ratio ſpecificę di<lb></lb>ſtinctionis, ſi ex conſequentibus eam duci velimus? </s> <s>Sic enim non erunt eadem principia per quę <lb></lb>res eſt, per quæ vna eſt, & per quæ ſeparatur à reliquis. </s> <s>quod ſanè nec Analytico placet, neque <lb></lb>primo philoſopho. </s> <s>Nam poſterius eſt in hac hypotheſi, vnde occaſionem capiunt diſtinctionis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde cùm in quoque motu & mutatione per ſe fit aliquod medium cui quoquo modo geniti <lb></lb>nomen, aut facti conuenire poteſt, vbi ſolùm potentia ſint, nec aliquis naturæ ſtatus appareat; <lb></lb>quia media ſunt ſecundùm materiam, nullam ſpeciei varietatem vel ipſis auctoribus afferunt, <lb></lb>vbi ſiſtat aliquandò natura, ſunt planè media ſecundùm formam. </s> <s>Sed, ſi generationem ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ ſpectes; idem ſanè naturæ progreſſus eſt perpetuò. </s> <s>quare neque vlla exiſtit occaſio, cur <arrow.to.target n="marg1513"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpecies immutetur, eundem ſemper curſum natura tenente, atque id conſequente quod cupit, <lb></lb>niſi intercedat aliquis obex. </s> <s>Nam ſicut ſubſtantia propius accedit ad primum ens quàm reliqua <lb></lb>entia, ſic plus retinet ordinis, vna magis eſt <expan abbr="minuſq́ue">minuſque</expan> variabilis. </s> <s>Proinde, ſi natura vult produ<lb></lb>cere hominem, non poteſt; niſi animal prius efficiat & plantam. </s> <s>Hæc certa & rata ſunt: in ſin<lb></lb>gulorum productione generatio ponitur à nobis in qua ſpectatur progreſſus, vbi genita poteſta<lb></lb>te ſunt; nulla actus <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio tunc habetur; nec diſtinctionis igitur. </s> <s>Quapropter ad acci<lb></lb>dens ſpectabit ea varietas. </s> <s>Num'ne exiſtet in mutatione ſecundùm quantum? </s> <s>Minimè verò, <lb></lb>quòd etiam certa ſint media quibus ad conuenientem magnitudinem ſubſtantia deducitur quæ <lb></lb>nullo modo variari queunt: vt ſicuti decas ex nouem repetitionibus vnius conſtat, & prius qua<lb></lb>tuor quàm quinque, & hæc quàm ſex numerentur oportet, ſic palmus ex tot digitorum repeti<lb></lb>tionibus, & tot palmorum cubitus extabit, & primum ſecundò ſecundùm tertio conſtantiſsimè <lb></lb>præcedat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt ea differentiæ cauſſa pertineat ad lationem & <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan>, <lb></lb>& planè ſic ponitur ab auctoribus. </s> <s>Nanque & à B. ad A. rectà & per orbem peruenire licet, & à <lb></lb>nigro ad album modò per fuſcum, per viride aliàs. </s> <s>Sed eo minus, obſecro, accedamus ad rem, <lb></lb>& accipiamus ſingulas ſpecies qualitatum quæ motui ſubiacent. </s> <s>Non'ne dabis alterationem in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1514"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ter primas eſſe per ſe, calorem .ſ. </s> <s>& frigus, inter cęteras verò per conſecutionem? </s> <s>certè. </s> <s>Atqui <lb></lb>medio ſecundùm formam manifeſtò vacant. </s> <s>Aut enim medium è pluribus compoſitum eſt, ſic <lb></lb>non eſt ex eodem ordine, neque conueniens, quia mixtum in generatione ſimplici procederet, <lb></lb>aut ſi ſpecies alię <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>; profectò plures quàm quattuor primę qualitates, & plura quàm quattuor <lb></lb>corpora ſimplicia ſint, neceſſe erit: ſi illa verè docuit Ariſtoteles quæ legimus 2. de ortu. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>quis profitebitur, ſpeciem eſſe quandam tepidi ſeparatam, cùm nihil in ea natura mouetur, ſed <lb></lb>protinus deponat, vel priſtinum ſtatum recuperans, vel vlterius prouecta? </s> <s>Sed tangat item <lb></lb>mutatio de qua nunc agimus, ſecundas qualitateis: ſi inter eas ſemper eſt proceſſus, vt ab oppo<lb></lb>ſito; certè nullum erit medium quod differat ſecundùm formam; quia ſemper eadem ratio ſer<lb></lb>uabitur vſque ad extremum. </s> <s>Proinde, ſiue ex nigro fiat album per fuſcum, ſeu per viride, ſem<lb></lb>per erit albatio, quia ſemper erit nigrum, quouſque album primò extiterit; <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> ratio in toto <lb></lb>illo progreſſu in quo poſitus eſt motus, perpetuò permanebit. </s> <s>Vna latio ſupereſt, in qua item <lb></lb>docebimus aut nullum medij rationem eſſe habendam, aut eam eſſe reſoluendam in terminos. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim fingamus aliquod corpus ex hoc loco attolli ad ignim modò rectà, aliàs orbem deſignan <pb pagenum="219"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1515"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do: dices'ne tu hoc motus ſpecie differre, cum differant per accidens? </s> <s>eſt enim vtrobique aſcen<lb></lb>ſus, quòd eſt à centro ad circunferentiam; accidit autem, vt id quod ſuopte nixu ferretur, inde <lb></lb>aliqua vi allata declinet; attamen à termino à quo qui eſt infrà, ad terminum ad quem qui eſt <lb></lb>ſuprà nihilominus euehatur. </s> <s>At ex his aſcenſus exiſtit; cętera ſunt per accidens: itaque ſpe<lb></lb>ciem variare nequeunt. </s> <s>Fortè reſpondebis, eum motum eſſe compoſitum; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ſpe<lb></lb>cie differre cum ſimplici. </s> <s>Sed enim reſoluetur hæc quoque cauſſa in terminos rectæ lationis: & <lb></lb>accidens erit, quòd orbem deſcribat; inde enim diſcriminis cauſſæ petuntur. </s> <s>Eodem modo con<lb></lb>tinget, vt manentibus eiſdem terminis in latione & conuerſione <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit ad ſpeciem motus, quem<lb></lb>admodum alicubi aſſumpſit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ego verò, tametſi arbitror ipſum ſpatia ſola omni cor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1516"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="porũ">porum</expan> propenſione circunſcripta conſideraſſe, <expan abbr="nullamq́">nullamque</expan>. </s> <s>rationem illius medij quod eſt ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam, habuiſſe, & terminos non vt motus ſed vt quantitatis aſſumpſiſſe, ſiue per ſeipſam ſpe<lb></lb>ctauerit magnitudinem, ſeu quòd in cęlo nulla ſit differentia terminorum; cùm omne punctum <lb></lb>in circunferentia ſit initium motus & finis; proinde nulla ratione ſpecificę diſtinctionis interce<lb></lb>dente confidenter accepiſſe eos motus, vbi ſint ad terminos eoſdem, non differre: tamen opinor <lb></lb>etiam, vbi & animaduertatur propenſio, & accipiantur termini motus, extare item ſpeciei diſcri<lb></lb>men. </s> <s>Itaque qui de his permixtim & ſine diſtinctione decernunt, vt mea fert opinio, diſſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1517"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiunt ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>De altero illo puncto noſtrę quæſtionis eſt item quòd conſideremus, tùm <lb></lb>ponant'ne diſcrimen ſpecificum inter motus per ſeipſa naturale & contra naturam; tùm etiam <lb></lb>ſint'ne ſpecificę differentiæ, vel potius modi. </s> <s>Ac de primo quidem, ſi in motu tractando ſeruari <lb></lb>debet illa analogia de qua ſępius egimus; & in motu naturali ad locum propenſio ſubiecto fun<lb></lb>datur, & quod nos ſubiectum facimus, habet illam habilitatem ad motum ſecundùm quam ope<lb></lb>rans moueri dicitur. </s> <s>At hoc eſt moueri ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Proptereà naturale in motu na<lb></lb>ſcitur à propenſione ſubiecti, quinimmo ſignificat ipſam ſubiecti propenſionem. </s> <s>Quòd ſi hoc <lb></lb>adfert aliquam differentiam ſpecificam motui, non eſt illa extrinſecùs, ſed inſita in motu. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem nos omneis ſpecificas differentias motus à principiis internis duci defendemus, <lb></lb>quippe duobus terminis & ſubiecto. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de eo, quòd naturale & non naturale <lb></lb>ſint differentiæ per ſe an per accidens, ſeu potius modi; non ſine aliqua conditione decerni meo <lb></lb>quidem iudicio poteſt. </s> <s>Primùm quidem naturale & non naturale, cùm pertineant ad diuerſa <lb></lb>rerum genera, ſubſtantiam, quantum, quale, & vbi, quemadmodum motus; non poſſunt eſſe ge<lb></lb>nera, vel differentię ſimpliciter: hæc enim vniuoca eſſe oportet. </s> <s>at naturale & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturale ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1518"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>communia ad vnum: itaque non genera, vel differentiæ, ſed oppoſita in vniuerſitate entis haben<lb></lb>da ſunt, vt vnum & multa, idem & diuerſum, contingens & neceſſarium. </s> <s>Verùm ſicuti motus <lb></lb>ſpeciatim ſumitur, & ita vniuocus redditur; ſic naturale ſeorſum ſecundùm ſingulas rationeis <lb></lb>accipiatur: adhuc motum ſpectare oportet: aut enim accipitur motus ſimpliciter & formali<lb></lb>ter; aut cum ſubiecto confertur. </s> <s>Neque verò ſic accipi volo quod dixi; quaſi motus à ſubiecto <lb></lb>ſegregetur: id enim neque mens ipſa poteſt vllo modo præſtare; ſed à ſubiecti conditionibus, <lb></lb>quòd ipſius notio non applicet ſeſe ad vllam certam <expan abbr="cõditionem">conditionem</expan> ſubiecti, vel quòd ipſi inſideat <lb></lb>cùm aliqua <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>, vel quòd in eo reperiat <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan>, vel quòd omninò pendeat ab externo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si motum ſimpliciter ſpectes, profectò neque ad illius eſſentiam variandam quicquam facient <lb></lb>naturale & non naturale; quippe quòd à centro ad circunferentiam ſit ſemper aſcenſus, ſiue is <lb></lb>ex natura fuerit, ſiue contra naturam. </s> <s>Veruntamen ſi motum cum ſubiecto conferas, aſſero <lb></lb>has eſſe differentias per ſe. </s> <s>Quapropter non ſemel diſtinguit Ariſtoteles de corporibus ſimpli<lb></lb>cibus, quòd vno hoc, alterum motu oppoſito ſecundùm naturam moueatur; aut quòd eodem <lb></lb>motu vnum ex natura moueatur, alterum verò contra naturam. </s> <s>Quanuis autem Philoſophus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1519"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aſsignauerit regulas dignoſcendi ſpecificas differentias à modis & accidentibus, quòd modi per<lb></lb>uagari poſsint vniuerſas ſpecies, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> differentiæ verò nequaquam; ſimiliter quòd oppoſita acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1520"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dentium in eodem ſubiecto reperiri poſsint, vt in Socrate album & nigrum, quorum nihil ab in<lb></lb>genio naturalis & non naturalis abhorrere videatur; quandò pertinet ad omne motuum genus, <lb></lb>ſiue ſit latio, ſiue incrementum, & in eorum quaque ſpecie ineſt, vt idem motus & naturalis & <lb></lb>non naturalis habeatur. </s> <s>hęc quidem ſic ſe habent ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſimpliciter conſideratum, &, vt aiunt, <lb></lb>formaliter: at habita ratione ſubiecti differentiæ ponuntur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò poſsis hîc obiicere <lb></lb>irritum eſſe Philoſophi præceptum, nam ſemper dicere licebit ea per ſe non eſſe differentias, ſed <lb></lb>modos & accidentia; differentias autem eſſe ad ſubiectum: quapropter nil obſtiturum, quomi<lb></lb>nus ob diuerſas habitudineis idem ſit differentia ſimul & modus, vt velox & tardum, ad motum <lb></lb>ſimpliciter vt modus, vel accidens, ad ſubiectum verò vt differentia. </s> <s>Tum deinde vbi reſpiciant <lb></lb>motum ſimpliciter, non eſſe modos, ſed differentias nihilominus, aut ſpecies: quia quod per ſe <lb></lb>eſt, eſſentia diſtinguatur ab eo quod eſt per accidens: aliter vna foret ſpecies; vna igitur ratio & <lb></lb>cauſſa vna. </s> <s>Sic id quod eſt per accidens, & hoc modo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſarium, degeneraret in id quod <lb></lb>eſt per ſe, & neceſſarium contra Peripateticorum placita. </s> <s>Quamobrem cùm id quod eſt ſecun <pb pagenum="220"></pb>dùm naturam, ſit per ſe; per accidens verò id quod eſt præter naturam; non ergo vt modi & ac<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1521"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cidentia ſe habebunt ad motum, quomodocunque ſpectentur, ſed vt differentiæ. </s> <s>Proptereà va<lb></lb>num erit noſtræ diſtinctionis officium; ſiquidem ad primum dicere liceat non eſſe parem ratio<lb></lb>nem velocis & tardi & aliorum, quos modos appellamus, quoniam hæc ineſſe queunt in omni<lb></lb>bus motibus vel diuerſi, vel eidem ſint & ad ſpeciem & ad numerum. </s> <s>Nanque idem eiuſdem <lb></lb>aquæ deſcenſus in principio tardus eſt, in fine velox; ſed ſecundùm & præter naturam in eodem <lb></lb>ad numerum nullo modo eſſe queunt. </s> <s>Si igitur ex his ſubſtantia mutatur; neceſſe item eſt, hæc <lb></lb>eadem pertineant ad ſubſtantiam: nam ſeu tardè, ſeu velociter aqua deſcendat, motus ille ſem<lb></lb>per eſt naturalis, nec vnquam præter naturam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo velox & tardum inſunt in <lb></lb>corpore cęleſti; id tamen aſsiduè ſecundùm naturam conuertitur. </s> <s>Ad ſecundùm verò reſpon<lb></lb>debimus, quod per ſe & per accidens eſt, <expan abbr="cõtingens">contingens</expan> & neceſſarium ſumi bifariam, vel vt modum <lb></lb>ſine re, vel rem ipſam cum modo. </s> <s>Nunc quòd modi propter varias habitudineis immutentur, <lb></lb>abſurdum non eſt: eadem enim attributa vni per ſe inſunt, & de illo demonſtrari poſſunt; in al<lb></lb>tero inſunt per accidens, & abhorrent à demonſtratione. </s> <s>Verùm ſi reipſa ſpectetur, ea certè <lb></lb>non poteſt immutari: quandò ſemper eadem eſt eſſentia & natura. </s> <s>Quare cùm dicitur contin<lb></lb>gens in neceſſarium mutari non poteſt, hoc de re ipſa accipiendum eſt, non de modo: modi au<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1522"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tem ſunt hi, ſi motum formaliter aduertas. </s> <s>His ita poſitis facile eſt è medio tollere difficultateis <lb></lb>ab initio quæſtionis obiectas. </s> <s>Nam prima argumentorum ſeries accipit vnam eſſe rationem <lb></lb>ſubiecti, vel termini, cùm tamen ſit duplex; vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> capax eſt duorum motuum, ſiue, vt ſubie<lb></lb>ctum vt quod, ſiue vt ſecundùm quod & vt terminus: vt enim ibi duplex eſt ratio, ſic quoque <lb></lb>vim retinet duorum terminorum. </s> <s>Secunda verò ſeries in eo peccat, quòd id quod idem eſt ad <lb></lb>motum ſimpliciter acceptum, idem prætereà ſeruari putat, vbi quodammodo ponatur; nempè <lb></lb>cum habitudine ad ſubiectum. </s> <s>Tertia complectitur media quæ materialiter ſumpta non diffe<lb></lb>runt à termino oppoſito. </s> <s>Nam quomodocunque per medium fiat tranſitus, fit vt inter oppoſita. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque fuſcatio dicitur, cùm is non ſit terminus vltimus, vnde motus ſpecificantur & denomi<lb></lb>nantur. </s> <s>In quarta verò committitur hoc, quòd accipiuntur veluti differentia per ſe, quæ per acci<lb></lb>dens ſeparantur; & cùm habitudine ad ſubiectum, quæ ſimpliciter ab Ariſtotele fuere pronun<lb></lb>ciata. </s> <s>Vltima quoque fallit in eo, quòd vltimos terminos non aſſumit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1513"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1514"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1515"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1516"></margin.target>a 1. de cęlo</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1517"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1518"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1519"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1520"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1521"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1522"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explanantur ea ex quibus vnus ad numerum motus existit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1523"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1523"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HIS ea ſuccedunt ex quibus vnus numero motus conſtituitur; id quod anteà dictum eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe re cum continuitate ipſius. </s> <s>Eſſe autem vnum numero motum dupliciter euenit, vno <lb></lb>quidem modo intrinſecus, quod illi commune eſt cum aliis <expan abbr="accidẽtibus">accidentibus</expan>. </s> <s>petitur verò ab eo, quòd <lb></lb>vnum ſit numero ſubiectum; atque altero extrinſecus; & hic iterum duplex, vnus qui genera<lb></lb>tim pertinet ad omnia continua cuius beneficio continui partes, cùm inter ſe iunguntur, efficiunt <lb></lb>vnum totum continuum; id dici ſolet effectiuè. </s> <s>alter qui ſuiipſius eſt proprius, de quo nos aliis <lb></lb>dimiſsis in præſenti capite diſſeremus: nanque hic ille eſt qui motus continuationem producit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Continua <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſunt multis aliis modis. </s> <s>Hìc nobis de hac continuatione ſpeciatim <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò multa deſiderat continuatio motus, primùm ſanè vt idem ſit ad ſpeciem: nam ſi motus <lb></lb>ſpecie ſeparentur; contigui certè eſſe queunt, non tamen continui; veluti ſi dum me parumper <lb></lb>exercui, cęperim calefieri; non rectè calefactio continuata cum exercitatione, ſed ipſi proxima & <lb></lb>contigua dicetur. </s> <s>Tum quòd vnus numero ſit terminus ad quem; ſiquidem ſi eadem ſtupa con<lb></lb>tinuo tempore rarefieret, deinde combureretur, non diceretur idcirco motus continuus. </s> <s>Deinde <arrow.to.target n="marg1524"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne quid temporis intermittatur, quanuis aliquid rei poſsit intermitti: quandoquidem & ambu<lb></lb>latio, & ſaltatio continuæ ſunt; licet non ſemper terra tangatur ſuper qua fiunt eiuſmodi motus, <lb></lb>ac fidicen continuè ſonuit; tametſi à prima ad vltimam chordam cęteris intermiſsis pulſando <lb></lb>procedit. </s> <s>Nam ſubiectum motus, vt in ſaltando animal, & in pulſando manus, aut aër <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb>ceſſat in ſono. </s> <s>Dubitari potuit, vtrum'ne continuitas ſpatij requiratur: nanque ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>prætermiſſa eſt, & exempla allata perſuadent nullam eius eſſe neceſsitatem. </s> <s>Neque verò ſem<lb></lb>per ea continua ſunt per quæ fit motus, vt ſiquid ex igni per aërem & aquam ruat in terram. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mihi tamen oppoſitum videtur; proptereà quòd ſi motus continuatur; id etiam continuum ſit <lb></lb>oportet ſecundùm quod fit motus: nil eſt enim aliud motus àc forma fluens; hæc verò ſpatium <lb></lb>eſt in latione, quod quemadmodum inter centrum & circunferentiam mundi continuum ſit, ſu<lb></lb>prà expoſitum eſt. </s> <s>Neque terra verum eſt ſpatium, ſuper quo ſaltatio fiat, ſed ea linea, quam <lb></lb>ſaltans in toto ſuo motu deſcribit. </s> <s>Eodem planè modo de proiectorum motu dicendum, quoad <lb></lb>aliena vi concitantur: nanque aëris partes eodem non ſunt noua iugiter veteri ſuccedente, ta<lb></lb>men eadem eſt linea ſuper qua fertur. </s> <s>Nec omiſſam fuiſſe hanc conditionem ab Ariſtotele pu <pb pagenum="221"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1525"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tamus, ſed eam in vnitate termini ad quem contineri profitemur: ipſe enim eſt veluti forma, & <lb></lb>cętera continet tanquam materiam. </s> <s>Quare efficitur, vt ſi motus interpelletur, non ſit vnus ter<lb></lb>minus ad quem, ſed totidem quot interpellationes extiterint, & proinde totidem motus quot <lb></lb>termini actu interceſſerint. </s> <s>hic locus eſt in latione, ſiue ipſum vbi, <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> materies eſt ſpatium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter non intermiſsionem ſpatij, ſed rei notauit præceptor, quę communiter ineſſe poteſt <lb></lb>in omni genere motus: nam verbigratia cibus continue coquitur, licet aliqua eius pars cruda re<lb></lb>maneat. </s> <s>Res autem ipſum ſuppoſitum eſt motus; ſpatium, vel illi proportione reſpondens eſt <lb></lb>pars ſubiecti, ſecundùm quòd fit motus. </s> <s>Mobile quoque vnum eſſe debet. </s> <s>Nam neque vnus, <lb></lb>neque continuus eſt ille motus quem, poſtquàm ego quieuero, facit famulus meus. </s> <s>Hoc autem <lb></lb>mobile, vt vnum eſſe debeat, anteà dictum eſt, atque vnum vt indiuiduum: ſi <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὑποστὰν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſup<lb></lb>poſitum reſpicias, quod actu exiſtit eo modo quem non multò prius indicauimus: quemadmo<lb></lb>dum verò eſſe poſsit, tum cognoſces, cum de formarum multitudine diſceptabitur. </s> <s>Sic non nu<lb></lb>mero, vel ſpecie diuerſum eſſe dicemus canis viui primùm, deinde mortui deſcenſum. </s> <s>Non ne<lb></lb>ceſſe verò eſt vt mouens ſit vnum. </s> <s>Nam ſi, velut in ludo quodam Athenis fieri ſolebat, fax de <lb></lb>manu tradatur in manum; nil profectò vetat, quin continuè moueatur, quòd enim deſcenſus il<lb></lb>le quo canis agitur <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> cadauer, ſit continuus, ex eo probatur, quòd motus ille finiretur vl<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1526"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>timo non eſſe; cùm tamen deſinat in vltimum eſſe, ſiue ſit ſecundùm, ſeu præter naturam: ne<lb></lb>que enim forma aliqua poteſt aſsignari qua motus ille terminetur: etenim nullum <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> tem<lb></lb>poris eſt in quo non ſit motus: aut ergo continui ſunt duo diuerſi motus, aut contigui: nec con<lb></lb>tigui ſanè, quia prioris eſt aliquis terminus, vt ſanationis cui ſuccedit ambulatio: quocirca con<lb></lb>tinuos eſſe dicendum eſt. </s> <s>ſi graue ſuppoſitum facimus in deſcenſu, remanet idem: ergo & idem <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>ſi fingas animal, aut tale animal eſſe ſuppoſitum, ſpecie variata multò magis apparere de<lb></lb>bebit variatio motus quæ ſeſe oſtendit in ea viciſsitudine, altero quidem aliqua euidente forma <lb></lb>finito; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, quo motus & quies ſunt magis euidentia, quàm ſint formæ quæ ſubiacent, & <lb></lb>ea quæ ſpecie diſtinguuntur, multò item magis numero ſeparantur, vt hic homo ab hoc equo, <lb></lb>quàm ab homine alio. </s> <s>sed enim quanuis hæc omnino vera eſſe credamus; attamen nonnullis <lb></lb>dubitationibus implicata ſunt. </s> <s>ſiquidem & eos motus qui ſpecie differunt, continuari poſſe cen<lb></lb>ſeas, neque conditionem temporis adhibitam neceſſariò fuiſſe inter motus oppoſitos: illud qui<lb></lb>dem; quia ſi fingamus lapidem magna vi atque conatu impelli vſque ad medium mundi, & ni<lb></lb>hil obſtet; impetus ille continuabitur, & lapidem feret vltra centrum. </s> <s>Atqui ad centrum vſque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1527"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deſcenſus eſt, indè verò aſcenſus. </s> <s>Sic duo motus oppoſiti poterunt eſſe continui: hoc verò, quòd <lb></lb>ſi ſurſum quippiam moueatur, ſiue ex natura, ſeu contrà, & ruens maximus lapis ipſum repel<lb></lb>lat; non videbuntur intermitti motus illi qui tamen contrarij ſunt. </s> <s>Apparebunt etiam conti<lb></lb>nuæ pulſio pilę & repulſio facta à pariete quę nihilominus opponuntur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi continuuatio <lb></lb>poſtulat vnum tempus, certè etiam cauſſa temporis motus diuerſi pro continuis haberi <expan abbr="poterũt">poterunt</expan>: <lb></lb>etenim tempus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt quod <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> intermittitur exoriens ex motu cęleſti, qui perennis exiſtit. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò tempus eſt numerus motus, vnius quidem primò, qui eſt cęleſtis, aliorum verò ſecundò: <lb></lb>nanque aliqua parte motus cęleſtis eos meriti contingit. </s> <s>Si ergo vnum fuerit eius punctum in <lb></lb>quo conueniant finis motus antecedentis, & <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> ſubſequentis; certè tamet diuerſi ſunt hi mo<lb></lb>tus, attamen erunt continui. </s> <s>Hæc dubitantur quæ nos à capite repetentes controuerſum dici<lb></lb>mus eſſe, vtrùm lapis impetu magno pulſus vltra centrum feratur, an ibi protinus maneat: ne<lb></lb>que enim video quid prohibeat, quin ſi vis impellentis in lapide conſeruetur; etiam moueatur <lb></lb>vltra centrum. </s> <s>Vt ita credam facit, quòd ſiquid maiore quadam vi retrahatur ad ſtatum natu<lb></lb>ralem, ſæpe <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illum tranſilibit, vt ſi quis inflexus fuerit ad trahendum funem & funis ille fran<lb></lb>gatur; non modò redit ad priſtinum ſtatum, ſed etiam retrò labitur. </s> <s>Ad id verò quod opponi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1528"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, fore vt motus contrarij ſint continui, quidam per accidens id fieri poſſe concedunt. </s> <s>Tolera<lb></lb>ri poteſt hoc: ſed non expediunt, ſit'ne vnus ille motus, & quomodo continuentur per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, <lb></lb>& adſit'ne motus aliquis per ſe ad quem motus iſti per accidens referantur. </s> <s>Itaque arbitror <lb></lb>vnum eſſe per ſe motum ad centrum & à centro qui ſit ex toto violentus. </s> <s>Nanque non vniuſ<lb></lb>modi eſt motus lapidis ad centrum, quando impellitur, & cùm ſponte labitur: hic quidem natu<lb></lb>ralis eſt, alter ille perturbatus, nec ſimpliciter naturalis. </s> <s>Si ergo totum id violentiæ quod affer<lb></lb>tur, & vim naturæ ſuperat, obſeruabitur; vnus eſt planè motus, atque continuus, neque partes <lb></lb>inter ſe contrarias habet. </s> <s>Quòd igitur in eo ſint duæ partes oppoſitę, deſcenſus & aſcenſus, il<lb></lb>li ineſt per accidens; cùm ſit vnus motus. </s> <s>At verò ſicut eſt quæſtio ex hypotheſi, ita ſolutio <lb></lb>quæſtioni reſpondet. </s> <s>Nam fingere oportet <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan> vim quæ ſuperet eius ſtatum naturalem quem <lb></lb>in centro aſſecutum eſt illud mobile, quam tamen eò debiliorem eſſe credideris, quo magis à mo<lb></lb>bili diſtat, dum eſt in ſuo loco, & quo difficilius eſt è loco proprio dimouere, quàm ex alieno pro<lb></lb>pellere. </s> <s>Et profectò videtur hæc vis externa non afficere, ſed adiuuare naturam, quòd facit vt <lb></lb>celerius fine ſuo potiatur, quàm per ſeipſa faceret. </s> <s>Si ergo adiuuet, non immutabit eius ſtatum <pb pagenum="222"></pb>naturalem. </s> <s>Quare item eſt, quòd minus perſuadeat, ſi ſponte ceciderit etiam ex longinquo in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1529"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teruallo, quòd terra præteritura ſit centrum. </s> <s>Nam, mea quidem ſententia, repugnat ordini na<lb></lb>turæ vltra centrum agi. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouetur ſuapte natura, vt ſuum locum <expan abbr="finemq́">finemque</expan>. </s> <s>aſſequatur, eo verò <lb></lb>præſente ceſſat omnis naturæ conatus, illo adepto ipſam quieſcere puto, vt opinor etiam, ſi fue<lb></lb>rit vniuerſa terra extra proprium locum, ſiue alicubi tota ſimul, ſeu diſperſa per varias mundi <lb></lb>plagas, in centro finem mouendi facturam; illò enim tota ſuopte impulſu maximopere conten<lb></lb>dit, & cùm ibi ſint omnes eius partes, tanquàm lapides in fornicibus concameratis inter ſe vt <lb></lb>gentes, & ſibi viam præcludentes ad lapſum, ſibi quoque immobilitatem neceſſariò molientur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque verò incrementum velocitatis arguit <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan> mouentis ad mobile, quo longius ferri <lb></lb>poſsit, quàm natura patiatur, vt fit in eo qui eſt contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſed illa velocitas eſt via ad <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem quo velocius aliquid fertur ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, eo quoque eſt quieti vicinius; quaſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="properãte">properante</expan> natura, vt <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> nanciſcantur in quo demum quieſcat, vt impiger ille auriga qui equis <lb></lb>acriter inſtar, vt ſuperet anterioreis, & citius ad calcem perueniat, <expan abbr="ibiq́ue">ibique</expan> conſiſtat. </s> <s>Et quanuis <lb></lb>in reditu ad ſtatum naturalem idem quoque Ariſtoteles exemplo aquæ concalefactæ <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> docuerit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1530"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>excedi ſtatu naturali, & equus qui celerrimè curſum arripuit, quanuis ad metam peruenerit, ſe <lb></lb>tamen continere non poteſt, necnon pendens plumbum à perpendiculo dimotum non ſtatim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1531"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reuertitur ad ipſum, ſed cùm per aliquod interuallum tranſgreſſum fuerit, toties vltrò <expan abbr="citroq́ue">citroque</expan> <lb></lb>agitatur, vt iugiter impetu remiſſo <expan abbr="ſpatioq́">ſpatioque</expan>. </s> <s>contracto demum redeat ad perpendiculum. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſimi-liq́">ſimi<lb></lb>lique</expan>. </s> <s>modo fracti funis experientia doceat retro partes eius cum impetu maximo referri, non eſt <lb></lb>id naturæ ſolius, ſed accidens, atque illud quidem alienum à vi motus: accidit enim aquæ, vt ex <lb></lb>vi caloris partes tepidiores exhalent. </s> <s>Nec eſt ratio par in iis quæ mouentur à natura, atque ab <lb></lb>anima: naturæ enim <expan abbr="propẽſio">propenſio</expan> ſimplex eſt; duplici impetu pollet animal, dum curſu concitatur, <lb></lb>altero quidem qui eſt ab animo, atque altero qui ipſius eſt naturę, & in motu animalis ab animo <lb></lb>frequentiſsimè ſuperatur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur eo tempore pręualeat corporis impetus, animal prolabi<lb></lb>tur non animo, ſed corpore propellente, & in ea regione prolabitur, & eo verſus, vbi & quo pro <lb></lb>impetu corporis adhuc agi poſsit. </s> <s>Non ferè differenter <expan abbr="itq́">itque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="reditq́">reditque</expan>. </s> <s>plumbum à perpendiculo & <lb></lb>ad perpendiculum, ſiue ille impetus à ſuſpendente, ſiue ab aëre qui omnium facillimè quoquo <lb></lb>verſus agitur, impertitus fuerit; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> motus ille non eſt ex natura ſimpliciter, nec ad loca pror<lb></lb>ſus contra naturam. </s> <s>Et cum vis vtrinque trahentium ſit in extremis efficacior, quippe prope mo<lb></lb>uentia fiunt extrema, quemadmodum dicit Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">ὑπομόχλιοf</foreign>, latinè pręſsio, ideò maximè ſuſti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1532"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nent in medio, quòd magis diſtat, decreſcit impetus, ideò minus ſuſtinet. </s> <s>ergo in medio frangitur <lb></lb>funis, cùm medio virtutes ab extremis vtrinque communicatę quodammodo terminentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm igitur inde verſus ſua principia recurrere incipiant, ibi extrema fultura priuata, quo ma<lb></lb>gis vim faciunt in contrarium tota in anterius incumbentia, cùm ſe ſuſtinere nequeant ad poſte<lb></lb>rius, neceſſe eſt delabantur. </s> <s>Quod obiicitur de lapide, non videtur abſurdum nonnullis, motus <lb></lb>illos oppoſitos eſſe continuos. </s> <s>Veruntamen apud me plurimum poteſt, quod demonſtrauit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles inter motus oppoſitos intercedere quietem: ſiquidem continuatio motus inde naſcatur, <lb></lb>quòd in ſpatio punctum eſt vnum ſecundùm materiam & poteſtate & copulans, non diſiungens <lb></lb>& actu: ſic rationem habet vnius; quamobrem vnico inſtanti abſoluitur: etenim ſibi viciſsim <lb></lb>reſpondent ſpatium, & tempus, & vtriuſque puncta pro portione) at ſi actu punctum effeceris; <lb></lb>iam non habet vnius rationem, ſed duorum initij .ſ. </s> <s>& finis quæ ſunt inter ſe diſtincta. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>duo temporis puncta cum ipſis conueniunt, in quæ cum incidat tempus, in toto illo tempore ne<lb></lb>gabimus eſſe motum. </s> <s>Non me latet Ariſtotelicam rationem à nonnullis haberi probabilem ob <lb></lb>id potiſsimè. </s> <s>Nam ſtatuamus aliquid calefieri, & à calido vt ſex, ad frigidum vt octo peruenire, <lb></lb>ita vt in primo mutato eſſe caloris vt ſex, quod fuit primum non eſſe calefactionis, incipiat agere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1533"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>frigidum vt octo per vltimum non eſſe, tunc gradus ille caloris non durabit niſi per inſtans, pu<lb></lb>tatu, nunc eſt & proximè ante hoc non fuit, quoniam inducitur in fine motus. </s> <s>ſimiliter nunc eſt, <lb></lb>& proximè ab hoc non erit, quia proximè poſt hoc erit motus frigefactionis, cùm incipiat per vl<lb></lb>timum non eſſe. </s> <s>Erit igitur idem inſtans primum non eſſe vnius motus præcedentis, & <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> <lb></lb>non eſſe conſequentis, & erit primum eſſe illius formę inductæ in fine motus prioris, & vltimum <lb></lb>eſſe eiuſdem ad poſterius. </s> <s>Nanque & idem vitium præſefert hæc obiectio àc ſuperior. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>vbi primum factus eſt ſextus caloris gradus, & frigidum vt octo incipiat agere, duo quoque pun<lb></lb>cta notabis actu, finem caloris & initium frigoris, inter quæ dico quietem interuenire, licet illa <lb></lb>fortaſſe lateat ſenſum. </s> <s>Hoc igitur erat confutandum. </s> <s>Ita difficile eſt, Ariſtotelica decreta ra<lb></lb>tionibus oppugnare. </s> <s>Illud autem quod de repulſione pilæ obiicitur, fidem non inuenit apud <lb></lb>eos qui ſpectant applicari pilam ad parietem & in pariete ſordes, in alterutro, vel in vtriſque for<lb></lb>mam obicis imprimi, planitiem in pila; in pariete verò <expan abbr="cauitatẽ">cauitatem</expan>, quæ ſine tempore effici <expan abbr="nequeũt">nequeunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque id obſtat, quòd vnus motus eſſe videatur eo quòd vnum ſit mouens, aut ſi mouens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>ceſſaret, quòd non efficeretur motus poſterior; neque enim parietem mouere, cùm maneat; na <pb pagenum="223"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1534"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turale autem mouens, vt moueat, moueri oporteat. </s> <s>nanque & paries mouet in virtute primi pel<lb></lb>lentis, & quanuis eſſet actus primi pellentis qui interrumpitur, non idcirco ceſſat impetus & ha<lb></lb>bilitas. </s> <s>Neque ille eſt vnus motus ſimpliciter, quemadmodum fuerat ille quo vltra centrum la<lb></lb>pis agebatur: quandò nullum in eo motu punctum actu exiſtit quo motus oppoſiti interpellen<lb></lb>tur, ſed in repercuſsione iteratus eſt ille motus, & ibi alius eſt finis primi motus ab initio poſte<lb></lb>rioris. </s> <s>Neque dictum noſtrum illa oppugnat experientia quæ patitur à Caxo grauiſsimo, quod <lb></lb>cum magno impetu ruat in præceps, inueniens lapidem contrà iactum, è veſtigio repellat. </s> <s>Dici<lb></lb>mus enim prius quàm lapis deſcendat, aërem præuenire qui impediat motum. </s> <s>Nam quòd aër <lb></lb>præueniat teſtis eſt Ariſtoteles qui docet, cur ſtrepitus quidam terræ motui præcedant. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>hæc ſatis. </s> <s>Sed quoniam ratio experientiis in hac methodo poſtponenda eſt, & nos aſpicimus <lb></lb>in aquis, tametſi ex aëre demittitur impetu proprio lignum, quod ſuapte natura manet in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <lb></lb>ſuperficie, totum mergi, & per aliquod ſpatium in aquas deſcendere totum, nec alia deſunt, quę <lb></lb>contra hoc decretum afferri queant, aliqua nihilominus ad hæc ipſa dici poſſe cenſeo: <expan abbr="primuſq́">primuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>aliud iudicium de centro <expan abbr="aliiſq́">aliiſque</expan>. </s> <s>locis eſſe faciendum: nanque ea quę ſunt grauia ſuapte natura; <lb></lb>licet non ſint eiuſmodi ſimpliciter; eſt etiam, quòd quatenus appetant centrum; proptereà vis <lb></lb>accedens impetum quendam illi exhibeat centrum verſus; cùm aliquid præter propria loca re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1535"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtet illis expetendum, ſed cùm nihil vltra centrum reſter expetendum, vltra ferri naturam, eſt <lb></lb>meo quidem iudicio curſum naturæ violare, & efficere, vt nihil ſit in natura firmum, quo colli<lb></lb>met. </s> <s>Concludemus igitur ad efficiendum motum continuum neceſſe eſſe, vt ille vnus fit ſpecie <lb></lb>ſimul & numero, vel ille ſit vnius naturæ conatus, vel intercedat violentia quæ continuet motus <lb></lb>oppoſitos, vt ſi tanta foret quæ lapidem vltra centrum promouere poſſet, punctis adhuc ſuam <lb></lb>poteſtatem retinentibus, vt dictum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1524"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1525"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1526"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1527"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1528"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1529"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1530"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1531"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1532"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1533"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1534"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1535"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aſſignantur ea quę ad motuum repugnantiam ſpectant generatim. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò poſſet dubitare quiſpiam, quínam motus inter ſe opponantur, vt ſcia<lb></lb>mus illos in quos incidit media quies, & ea percipiamus quæ docet Ariſtoteles in illa quę<lb></lb>ſtione quæ diſputatur, ſit'ne quiſpiam motus conuerſioni contrarius; non erit ab re ſi de oppo<lb></lb>ſitione motuum generatim diſceptemus. </s> <s>Et ſanè primum illud <expan abbr="animaduerſionẽ">animaduerſionem</expan> populat, quia <lb></lb>nihil prohibet diuerſos motus non interpellari quiete, quos anteà contiguos appellauimus: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1536"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nanque hi tempore non interrupto fiunt, ſiue vnum ſit mobile, ſeu plura, id ſolum habentes, vt <lb></lb>eos non eadem temporis parte metiamur; veruntamen nulla pars <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> extat in qua non ob<lb></lb>ſeruetur motus. </s> <s>At hi qui opponuntur, omnino quiete interpellantur, nec ſunt vllo modo con<lb></lb>tigui, tantum abeſt, vt continuentur; cùm ipſa continuatio præter contactum poſtulet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quòd <lb></lb>termini ſint copulantes, & in potentia. </s> <s>Primùm igitur generalis regula traditur de contrariis, <lb></lb>quòd ea ſint quæ ſub eodem genere poſita maximè diſtant. </s> <s>itaque & motus contrarij ſub eodem <lb></lb>genere continentur. </s> <s>Non igitur alterationi ortus opponitur, ſed alteri mutationi quæ ſit ſecun<lb></lb>dùm ſubſtantiam: accipitur autem oppoſitio à terminis, quoniam actus ille eſt qui determinat: <lb></lb>at actus in motu ſpectatur in terminis: oppoſitio verò aut eſt poſitiua, cùm .ſ. </s> <s>motus opponitur <lb></lb>motui, aut priuans, cùm opponitur quieti. </s> <s>Sed priuante aliò reiecta, dicemus primùm de poſi<lb></lb>tiua. </s> <s>à qua ſanè oppoſitione arcetur ea quæ eſt in ortu & interitu. </s> <s>quippe quarum termini priua<lb></lb>tiuè opponantur. </s> <s>Ea verò hac facta partitione deprehendetur. </s> <s>Ita enim contingit motum mo<lb></lb>tui contrarium eſſe, aut quia terminus à quo vnius ſit terminus ad quem alterius, vt ſunt motus <lb></lb>ab albedine & motus in albedinem; aut, quia termini à quibus vtriuſque contrarij ſint; quem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1537"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodum motus ab albo & nigro, aut quia terminus à quo vnius ſit oppoſitus termino ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb>alterius: erunt verò tales motus ab albedine, & motus in <expan abbr="nigredinẽ">nigredinem</expan>, aut poſtremò <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> vtrique <lb></lb>termini ſint oppoſiti: quales ſunt motus ab albedine in nigredinem & motus à nigredine in al<lb></lb>bedinem. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò id vniuersè conſtat, à terminis à quibus repugnantiam non eſſe ſu<lb></lb>mendam, aut ſaltem non ab ipſis ſolis: quia probabilius eſt in iis obſeruari repugnantiam quæ <lb></lb>perſtant magis: perſtant verò magis termini ad quos, cùm accedant, quàm termini à quibus quos <lb></lb>deleri oportet. </s> <s>Nam ſi minus, ſequeretur, vt, quominus exiſtunt, contrarij magis eſſent perſua<lb></lb>dente hoc nobis regula dialectica quæ ſumitur à comparatis. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quòd repugnantia ma<lb></lb>gis eo determinanda videtur, à quo ſumitur nomen & definitio; huiuſmodi verò eſt terminus <lb></lb>ad quem. </s> <s>Nam repugnare & immutare quæ ſunt propria contrariorum proficiſcuntur ab actu <lb></lb>qui primum per nomen ſignificatur, & exponitur definitione, niſi forte notius ſit, quod admo<lb></lb>dum rarò euenit, id à quo progrediuntur, veluti de medicatione dictum eſt & de aſcenſu. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ob id igitur, non ij motus quorum vnus eſt terminus à quo & terminus ad quem; neque illi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1538"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qui à contrariis terminis, nec ij quorum vnius terminus à quo eſt oppoſitus termino ad quem <lb></lb>alterius: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè quòd vnus & idem motus eſſe poterit, ab ægritudine nimirum in ſanita <pb pagenum="224"></pb>tem, ſed aut hi qui ſunt ad terminos contrarios ſeorſum, aut qui ſunt ſimul à terminis contrariis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1539"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad terminos contrarios. </s> <s>Quoniam verò conſtitutum eſt vtroſque terminos abſoluere eſſentiam <lb></lb>motus, & omnis motus eſt, ex contrario in contrarium; ſi termini ad quos <expan abbr="cõtrarij">contrarij</expan> fuerint, erant <lb></lb>quoque contrarij termini à quibus. </s> <s>Illi ergo ſunt habendi contrarij qui ſunt ex contrariis ter<lb></lb>minis in contrarios. </s> <s>Cùm verò motus communiter acceptus etiam complectatur mutationem, <lb></lb>hæc autem ſeparetur à motu, quòd ipſius termini priuatiuè opponuntur, iudicium quoque de <lb></lb>oppoſitis mutationibus analogicè faciendum erit. </s> <s>itaque illę erunt oppoſitæ mutationes qua<lb></lb>rum vna ſit à termino priuante ad poſitiuum, altera à poſitiuo ad priuantem illi <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, vt ea <lb></lb>quæ eſt ex non albo in album, illi quæ eſt ex albo in non album. </s> <s>Nanque & in his vtriuſque ter<lb></lb>mini rationem habendam eſſe docuit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Quoniam, ſi alter è terminis poſitiuus .ſ. </s> <s>ob<lb></lb>ſeruaretur ſolùm; poſſet aliquando ignorari ſit'ne oppoſitus motus, an mutatio. </s> <s>ex albo enim <lb></lb>non minus ſuſpicaremur nigrum fieri poſſe quàm non album, & album conſimiliter æquè con<lb></lb>cipere ex nigro factum eſſe, atque ex non albo. </s> <s>Vt igitur oppoſitus motus ab oppoſita mutatio<lb></lb>ne diſtinguatur, vtroſque terminos à quo & ad quem exponere oportet. </s> <s>Euenit etiam in quo<lb></lb>que motu, vt non fiat tantummodò progreſſus inter eos terminos qui poſitiuè opponuntur, ve<lb></lb>rum item inter oppoſitos priuatiuè. </s> <s>quamobrem ſcire licet in his motibus & mutationibus quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1540"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe conſequuntur, nullam intercedęre oppoſitionem; proptereà quòd idem eſt motus à nigro ad <lb></lb>album, & ex non albo ad album, atque ex altera parte ex nigro ad album, & ad non nigrum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquam maximè dubitatum eſt à Latinis philoſophis de re non difficile, ne dixerim ludicra, <lb></lb>& quæſitum differant'ne vllo modo motus ex contrario & motus in contrarium qui ſimul fiunt <lb></lb>circum idem ſubiectum, & quæ ſit ea differentia, vt cùm ex nigro tenditur ad album ſit'ne vnus <lb></lb>motus ex nigro & alius ad album, & denique ſit'ne vnus motus abiectio termini à quo & acqui<lb></lb>ſitio termini ad quem. </s> <s>eadem quæſtio proponi poſſet, de motu & mutatione quæ conſequitur <lb></lb>motum, vt idem'ne ſit motus ex nigro ad album & ex non albo ad album, quandoquidem ſi mo<lb></lb>tus vnus eſt, vbi termini ſint eidem, hic autem varij ſunt. </s> <s>Et motus igitur varij. </s> <s>Tum etiam <lb></lb>cùm ſint duo accidentia quæ conſtituunt terminos motus, & vnius ſit amiſsio, alterius autem <lb></lb>comparatio, & demum diuerſi vtriſque proceſſus, motus item diuerſos creent neceſſe eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò & omni motui tribuitur hoc, vt ſit ex vno termino in oppoſitum, atque item, quòd ſit <lb></lb>ex gemina parte conſtitutus altera quæ comparatur, atque altera quæ abiicitur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> itaque & vis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1541"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corrumpendi cuique motui conceditur. </s> <s>Inde quoque efficitur, vt denominatio magis ſumatur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1542"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à termino ad quem, nam terminus à quo deletur. </s> <s>Sed quantumuis hæc monſtrent vnum eſſe mo<lb></lb>tum, non idcirco quæſtionem abſoluunt; quandò reſtet adhuc dubitatio, quemadmodum ille <lb></lb>ſit vnus motus. </s> <s>Eſto enim quòd ſint hæc vnum propter ſubiectum: at non abſurdum aliqui <lb></lb>arbitrantur eos quoque re ſecum differre, alij ratione tantùm, & ambiguo ſe inuoluunt, quod à <lb></lb>nobis aliàs expoſitum eſt, cùm re differre, & ratione propriè, & communiter accipi poſsint. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>re differre eſt & ſubiecto, & eſſentia ſegregari, & ratione eſt eſſentia & habitudine diſcrepare, <lb></lb>Nanque alia eſt differentia priuationis & materiæ, atque alia materiæ & formæ, quanuis in vno <lb></lb>ſubiecto conſiſtant. </s> <s>Cùm enim priuatio nihil ponat in materia, niſi habitudinem ad formam, <lb></lb>ratione tantùm, non eſſentia diſtinguetur, forma verò, cùm ſit aliquid, præter differentiam habi<lb></lb>tudinis in materia, afferet item eſſentiæ diſtinctionem, quam à nonnullis rei diſtinctionem <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>dici non me fugit. </s> <s>Ita igitur eos motus eſſentia differre dicit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> de huius appellatio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1543"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne differentiæ non <expan abbr="cõtendo">contendo</expan>; rationem ego vocabo; tu rem nomines per me licet. </s> <s>Itaque ego mo<lb></lb>tus illos ratione & eſſentia diuerſos eſſe non negabo, & ſi placet, etiam re: <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>dederim eoſ<lb></lb>dem eſſe ſubiecto. </s> <s>Neque obſtat, quòd ea quæ re diuerſa ſunt, non poſsint efficere vnum ad ſpe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1544"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciem; quandoquidem & ea quæ differunt eſſentia, vnum ad ſpeciem faciant: quin nulla ſit ſpe<lb></lb>cies quæ non conſtet ex eſſentia differentibus, cùm ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>componatur quæ eſſen<lb></lb>tia ſeparantur. </s> <s>Aut, quòd ſic forent duo motus, à contrario & in contrarium, quia duo ſint acci<lb></lb>dentia, quorum vnum interit, alterum producitur. </s> <s>nanque & ſi duo ſunt accidentia, at vt formę <lb></lb>duo ſunt, & per ſe conſiſtentia: in motu vero vnum ex ipſis ſit re, vel ſubiecto; duo verò ratio<lb></lb>ne, vel eſſentia: atque aliud eſt ſpectare ipſa omni motus ratione circunſcripta, & dum motui <lb></lb>ſubiacent. </s> <s>Non eſt item illud timendum; ne ſi intendatur album, & nigrum remittatur, iſti ſint <lb></lb>motus oppoſiti, quia terminentur à formis contrariis. </s> <s>Nam quod intenditur, fit album, quod <lb></lb>amittit de nigro, non ſit quidem nigrum, neque eſt nigrum, ſed non nigrum, quod manet vnà <lb></lb>cum albo, re quidem vnum exiſtens, ratione verò, aut eſſentia duo. </s> <s>Neque ſufficit, quòd in mi<lb></lb>nus nigrum deſinat: quia minus nigrum in ea mutatione <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> habet non nigri & magis albi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et quod attinet ad mutationem quæ motui eſt adnexa, non impedit illud, quòd ſi forent duo <lb></lb>motus, quomodocunque ſeparati, eſſent à contrario in <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, cùm tamen inter contradicen<lb></lb>tia ſit mutatio. </s> <s>Sequeretur enim id, ſi motus acciperetur ſpeciatim. </s> <s>Nam tum motus eſt è con<lb></lb>trario in contrarium: at ſi generatim motus ſumatur, nil vtique prohibet eſſe duos motus quo <pb pagenum="225"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1545"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum alter ſit propriè, & è contrario in contrarium, atque alter communiter, inter ens & non ens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Omnino verò motus omnis requirit mutationem, idem ſubiecto cum ipſa <expan abbr="exiſtẽs">exiſtens</expan>, ratione autem, <lb></lb>hoc eſt, eſſentia diſcrepans; atque id communiter acceptis motu & mutatione, ſiue pro fluxu, <lb></lb>ſiue etiam forma fluente, nihil penitus repugnantibus terminis motus & mutationis fluxui for<lb></lb>mæúe fluenti & vtranque habitudinem, vt ſunt motus, communiter accipientibus. </s> <s>Vt autem <lb></lb>mutatio comitetur motui, & neceſſariò conſequatur, vtputa, amiſsio nigredinis, & albedinis ac<lb></lb>quiſitio cognoſcetur, vbi de intentione formarum tractabimus. </s> <s>Neque item hîc obſtat id quod <lb></lb>ab aliquibus affertur; vbi eſt vnus terminus, ibi fore vnum motum; at in amiſsione nigredinis, <lb></lb>acquiſitione verò albedinis, vnus eſt terminus. </s> <s>Nanque vnus, inquam, ſubiecto quidem eſt, <lb></lb>eſſentia verò diſtinctus: vnus vt terminus antiquæ formæ; alter verò vt terminus acquiſitionis <lb></lb>nouæ. </s> <s>Nec quemadmodum ipſi cenſent, acquiſitio albedinis habet contrariam deperditionem <lb></lb>nigredinis, ſed hæc manent ſimul: illi oppoſita eſt albedinis deperditio. </s> <s>Neque motibus con<lb></lb>trariis agitatur id quod ſimul amittit nigredinem, & contrahit albedinem: cùm hęc maneant ſi<lb></lb>mul, vt diximus, ſed illud quod amittit & contrahit albedinem. </s> <s>neque item nigredo, vt ipſi di<lb></lb>cunt, eſt terminus in deperditione nigredinis, ſed non nigredo. </s> <s>Non etiam vnus motus eſt ag<lb></lb>gregatum per accidens, ſi confletur itidem ex mutatione: quoniam ſicuti contradictio ſequitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1546"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>repugnantiam, neque ob id repugnantia, aut contraria ſunt vnum per accidens; ita neque muta<lb></lb>tio quæ motui inhęret, efficit vnum per accidens, ſed efficiat ſanè, quid ſequitur inde abſurdi? <lb></lb></s> <s>Et certè ſic ſe habet omnis motus, vt conſtet ſemper ex interitu & ortus, quandò item efficiens al<lb></lb>terum pellet è contrariis, vt alterum inducat quod eſt ipſius forma; ita vt expulſio contrarij ſit <lb></lb>per accidens, formę verò inductio per ſe, quæ tamen mutationes non ſubitæ ſunt, neque vtræque <lb></lb>nec alterutra, ſed pari gradu procedunt, abiectio termini à quo, & acquiſitio termini ad quem, <lb></lb>ſiue ea ſit mutatio, ſiue motus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1536"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1537"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1538"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>1. de cęlo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1539"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1540"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1541"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 7. 49. <lb></lb>5. <lb></lb>4. Phyſ. Tt. <lb></lb></s> <s>117. 126 <lb></lb>5. Phyſ. Tt. <lb></lb></s> <s>4. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1542"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1543"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 47.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1544"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1545"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1546"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De oppoſitione motuum ſigillatim, & quemadmodum ortus & interitus opponantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED poſtquàm de oppoſitione motuum generatim diſſeruimus, proximum his eſt, vt ſpecia<lb></lb>lius de ipſa verba faciamus, & reliqua conficiamus quæ ſpectant ad oppoſitionem quietis. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò cùm mutatio ſola ſit in ſubſtantia, nec vlla ratione motus; tametſi in ea contrariorum <lb></lb>oppoſitio ponitur: <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan>, quòd oppoſitionis ratio in motibus ad tria prædicamenta pertinebit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1547"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sic erit albefactio nigrefactioni contraria, deſcenſus aſcenſui, decrementum quoque incremen<lb></lb>to opponetur. </s> <s>Sed enim, quia motus aut per ſeipſum conſideratur ſimpliciter, aut habetur ra<lb></lb>tio ſubiecti, ſuppetit etiam duplex via conſiderandi oppoſitionem in motu, aut per ſeipſum ſeor<lb></lb>ſum, aut eius ſubiecto cogitatione comprehenſo. </s> <s>Porrò ſi motus abſtrahatur à conſideratione <lb></lb>ſubiecti, ac eius termini ſimpliciter accipiantur, ſic ſtatuendum erit de oppoſitione motuum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vt cùm contraria ſint, vel genera diuerſa, vel diuerſorum generum, vel etiam generis eiuſdem <lb></lb>motus contrarij ſint inter ſpecies eiuſdem generis. </s> <s>Quapropter aſcenſui deſcenſus, & albefactio <lb></lb>nigrefactioni ponentur eſſe contraria; ſiue hæc accidant eidem ſubiecto, ſeu diuerſis (nihil enim <lb></lb>vetat, quominus ita inſint, cùm ſint <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> ſecundùm materiam & per accidens, non ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam & per ſe) neutro <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> modo fiet, vt magis quàm ſpecie diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ſubiectum <lb></lb>mente concipias, apparet in omnibus eius partibus id quod ſecundùm naturam, hoc eſt, pluri<lb></lb>mum ſemperúe fiat, appellatur autem ſecundùm fatum, & quod item eueniat præter naturam <lb></lb>& fatum, ac violentia quadam, & rarò. </s> <s>Quamobrem alia motus oppoſitio ſpectabitur, cùm is <lb></lb>qui ſecundùm naturam eſt, opponi videatur ei qui eſt præter naturam. </s> <s>Veruntamen & natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1548"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ralem naturali opponi contingit, & vtroſque pręter naturam ſecum eſſe contrarios. </s> <s>Quandoqui<lb></lb>dem in naturalibus ij ſunt oppoſiti qui ſunt ad oppoſitos terminos. </s> <s>Vbi vnus ſit naturalis, alter <lb></lb>verò præter naturam; nil obſtat, quominus etiam ſint ad eoſdem terminos. </s> <s>Etenim contrarius <lb></lb>eſt aſcenſus ignis deſcenſui terræ, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> vterque eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & ignis aſcenſus ſuiipſius <lb></lb>deſcenſui, necnon aſcenſui terræ, quorum alter eſt naturalis, alter verò contra naturam; quanuis <lb></lb>eidem termini exiſtant, atque item deſcenſus ignis aſcenſus terræ, qui nihilominus ſunt præter <lb></lb>naturam. </s> <s>Tamet ſi, vbi ſunt vtrique motus naturales, aut præter naturam, id pertinet ad diuer<lb></lb>ſa ſubiecta: vbi verò alter ſecundùm naturam, alter autem contra fuerit, hoc neceſſariò fit in eo<lb></lb>dem ſubiecto. </s> <s>Idem quoque de reliquis motibus eſt dicendum. </s> <s>Pone motus oppoſitos in qua<lb></lb>litate, calefactionem & frigefactionem. </s> <s>Ergo cui calefactio ſecundùm naturam <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, illi erit <lb></lb>oppoſita refrigeratio præter naturam: <expan abbr="itemq́">itemque</expan>. </s> <s>refrigeratio quæ conuenit huic ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>erit oppoſita calefactioni quæ conuenit alteri ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & refrigeratio quę ineſt in hoc <lb></lb>pręter naturá, opponetur calefactioni quæ ineſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in altero. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſit'ne ratio par <lb></lb>ortus & interitus haud facile eſt iudicare, ſiue eos ſimpliciter, ſeu ad ſubiectum applicatos obſer<lb></lb>ues. </s> <s>Nam quod ad ipſam mutationem ſpectat ſimpliciter, eorum non eſt oppoſitio poſitiua. <pb pagenum="226"></pb>ſiquidem oppoſitio motuum determinetur oppoſitione poſitiua terminorum: at ipſorum termi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1549"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ni priuatiuè opponuntur, ens .ſ. </s> <s>& non ens. </s> <s>Si ſubiecta reſpexeris, difficile admodum ſit ſtatue<lb></lb>re, quemadmodum ſe habeat in illis id quod eſt ſecundùm & præter naturam: tum etiam conſi<lb></lb>militer'ne procedant atque in latione & alteratione. </s> <s>Verùm vt à primo exordiar. </s> <s>In ſubſtantia <lb></lb>videmus ab Ariſtotele ſtatui repugnantiam ſecundùm & præter naturam ex velocitate & tardi<lb></lb>tate quæ ſunt accidentia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi qua ſit ocyor generatio, aut corruptio quàm ferat natura, vt cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1550"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animal iugulatur, aut anticipat meſsis. </s> <s>Quod attinet ad ſubſtantiam quæ actu exiſtit: dubium <lb></lb>eſſe poteſt, ſit'ne aliqua <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> pręter naturam ſimpliciter, quòd nulla forma præter naturam <lb></lb>eſſe videatur, præterea ſit'ne vllus interitus ſecundùm naturam: quandò natura rem eſſe appe<lb></lb>tit, non autem non eſſe. </s> <s>Nos hîc rem omnem paucis perſtringemus, quæ poſthàc vberrimè tra<lb></lb>ctabitur. </s> <s>Id igitur quod eſt ſecundùm & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aut ſimpliciter eſt, aut aliqua ex parte. <lb></lb></s> <s>Secundùm naturam ſimpliciter, in quo affecta eſt, cum forma, tum materia ex naturæ ipſius ordi<lb></lb>ne, quod eſt plurimum ita fieri. </s> <s>Et præter naturam ſimpliciter, ſiquid materia dominante inde<lb></lb>finitum exoriatur, & rarò, quod monſtrum vocatur in eo quod eſt <expan abbr="monſtrũ">monſtrum</expan>. </s> <s>ſiquidem & aliquid <lb></lb>in ipſo ex natura ineſſe nil vetet. </s> <s>Ex parte verò ortus ſecundùm naturam, vbi quippiam domi<lb></lb>nante materia definitum naſcatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Idem quoque ortus eſt præter naturam non ſimpliciter, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1551"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1552"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm ſit præter naturam formæ. </s> <s>Nam quicquam præter naturam materiæ ſolius eſſe non exiſti<lb></lb>mo, cùm forma ſuccedat pro merito materiæ. </s> <s>Si ergo materia ſit affecta præter naturam, eodem <lb></lb>quoque modo affecta ſit forma neceſſe eſt, vt contrà etiam, nihil eſſe ſecundùm naturam forma <lb></lb>ſolius. </s> <s>Nam ſiquid non eſt ſecundùm naturam materiæ, neque eſt ſecundùm naturam formę. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo ab oppoſito ſiquid eſt ſecundùm naturam formę, neceſſe item eſt, vt ſit ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>materiæ, ob eandem .ſ. </s> <s>cauſſam, quia forma conſequitur materiam. </s> <s>Interitus quia deperit for<lb></lb>ma, nunquam poteſt eſſe ſecundùm naturam ſimpliciter, ſed planè ſecundùm naturam materiæ, <lb></lb>quemadmodum reſolutio naturalis quæ fit per putrefactionem. </s> <s>At verò quendam eſſe pręter <lb></lb>naturam ſimpliciter, nil certè prohibet, veluti 4. Meteor. </s> <s>docuimus eſſe conflagrationem; neque <lb></lb>.n. ille eſt curſus materiæ naturalis. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ita ſe habeant ſecundùm & præter naturam in <lb></lb>ſubſtantiis, ea generatim decernemus: Generationem generationi opponi & corruptioni, & qui<lb></lb>dem generationi poſitiuè, ſi vnà ſit ſecundàm naturam, altera præter naturam, vel ſuiipſius, vel <lb></lb>alterius. </s> <s>Interitus interitui non opponitur, quemadmodum neque opponitur non ens non enti, <lb></lb>ſed illo nomine opponi non inconuenit, quatenus ſunt ſecundùm & præter naturam. </s> <s>Sic cor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1553"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ruptio ſecundùm naturam opponetur ei quæ eſt pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſiue ſit alterius, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuiipſius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed, ſi ortum cum interitu conferamus, ita de illorum repugnantia ſtatuendum eſſe puto. </s> <s>Cui <lb></lb>ſimpliciter ſit ortus ſecundùm naturam, illi interitum eſſe præter naturam formæ, cui ſit ortus ſe<lb></lb>cundùm materiam interitum ad idem eſſe præter naturam, & hæc opponi. </s> <s>Et cui ſit ortus præ<lb></lb>ter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, illi interitum eſſe ſecundùm vtranque naturam, & oppoſitum, vt apparet in monſtro. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex quibus etiam inſtar corrolarij cognoſci poteſt haud eſſe conſimilem in ortu & cęteris moti<lb></lb>bus, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> oppoſitio ortus & interitus: & ſecum <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> & inter ſe ſeorſum ad idem ſubie<lb></lb>ctum ſe habeant ſecundùm & præter naturam. </s> <s>Sed in accidentibus, vbi motus vtrique ſint natu<lb></lb>rales, reſpiciunt diuerſa ſubiecta: quòd ſi vnus ex natura fuerit, alter verò præter naturam, per<lb></lb>tinet ad idem ſubiectum. </s> <s>Eius rei cauſſam hanc eſſe cenſebo, quòd in aliis motibus ſupponitur <lb></lb>actu ſubſtantia, cuius formam certa accidentia conſequuntur. </s> <s>Itaque oppoſitum ſecundùm na<lb></lb>turam non ineſt. </s> <s>In ſubſtantia, quia forma mutatur, & actus indefinitus eſt, materia nunquam <lb></lb>non reſpiciente contraria, motus oppoſiti in eodem ſubiecto poſſunt eſſe ſecundùm naturam, vt <lb></lb>generatio ſecundùm formam, corruptio ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Sic ergo de oppoſitione motuum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1554"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>communiter & priuatim conſtitutum ſit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1547"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1548"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1549"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1550"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1551"></margin.target>b 2. de Ge<lb></lb>ne. </s> <s>an. </s> <s>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1552"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1553"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1554"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ediſſeruntur aliqua de oppoſitione motus & quietis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SVPEREST nunc quies de cuius oppoſitione pauca ſuccurrunt quę priuatim dici poſsint: <lb></lb>ſed tamen aliqua de illius ingenio dicenda ſunt, cùm & ipſa compleat aliquam partem me<lb></lb>thodi naturalis. </s> <s>Quies apud nos duplici voci reſpondere debet apud Ariſtotelem <foreign lang="grc">τῇ ἠρεμια καὶ <lb></lb>τῆ́ ἠρεμήσει</foreign> quarum altera ſtatum ſignificat, altera fluxum. </s> <s>Porrò quies quæ ſtatum ſignificat, <lb></lb>re ipſa eſt idem cum forma, ſolùm ratione diſcrepat, dum forma tantum id notat quod pręſens <lb></lb>eſt, quies etiam notat vnà motum præcedentem, atque adeò, vt ſicut priuatio formæ ſucceſſuræ <lb></lb>notionem affert, hæc motus afferat <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan>, ſed eius qui præceſſerit, & cùm forma & quies idem <lb></lb>re ſint, eiſdem quoque attributis ſubiaceant neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Proinde ſicut forma nobis vniuerſam <lb></lb>rem totam ſimul præſentat, & pertinet analogicè forma ad plura prædicamenta, atque etiam eſt <lb></lb>finis & conſummatio motus, omneis eius parteis in ſe continens, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſecundùm formam: ſic <lb></lb>quies illum fluxum, qui exiſtit in motu, conſummat & finit, ac partes continet eius fluxus, vt to <pb pagenum="227"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1555"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum ſecundùm formam analogicè. </s> <s>Itaque, tantum abeſt, vt quies motui repugnet, vt motus ex <lb></lb>ea compleatur. </s> <s>Credo etiam, ſicut forma, ſi conſideretur ſimpliciter, & non vt in materia, & eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ, non exiſtentiæ <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, tempori non ſubiicitur: ſic quietem cùm motus conſummatio<lb></lb>nem præſeferat; motus autem præcipuè menſura fit tempus: tempore nullo modo concludi, ni<lb></lb>ſi fortè cum quo ad nos includat notionem motus, illi quoque animus noſter attribuat tempus, <lb></lb>eſt enim quies natura ſolùm prior, nobis autem poſterior. </s> <s>At verò quies alterius ſignificati, non <lb></lb>differt à motu, niſi quòd tota vergit ad terminum ad quem. </s> <s>Sicut ergo motum metitur tem<lb></lb>pus, ſic etiam metitur hanc <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, & ſicut motus rei partes nobis ſucceſsiuè proponit: ſic quies <lb></lb>obiicit ſucceſsiuè parteis termini ad quem. </s> <s>Hæc cùm fluxu conuenit, ſuperior eſt finis huius flu<lb></lb>xus. </s> <s>At verò vt motus communiter & propriè ſumitur: ſic etiam quies ſecundi ſignificati gene<lb></lb>ratim & ſpeciatim ſumi poteſt, ac ſicut propriè motus eſt ſecundùm locum: ita & proprie quies <lb></lb>eius motus finem deſignabit. </s> <s>Et cùm quies aut ſit finis motus, aut eius finem reſpiciat; negari <lb></lb>non poteſt, quin ipſa ſit motu perfectior. </s> <s>Quanquam de quiete diſtinctum fuiſſe lego apud phi<lb></lb>loſophos & magni quidem nominis qui generaliter non accipiunt hoc theorema, ſed putant id <lb></lb>in animo carentibus duntaxat euenire, in animatis autem (melius erat à non animalibus anima<lb></lb>lia ſeparare) ſecus ſe habere, quia motus eſt perfectior, quòd eorum natura perficiatur ex opere, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1556"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& inuigilia. </s> <s>Sed eos planè latet Ariſtotelica <expan abbr="diſtiuctio">diſtiunctio</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Neque enim ea quies eſt in animali, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1557"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed impotentia vigilandi. </s> <s>Generatim verò quies eſt perfectior motu, ſi fuerit ſecundùm naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cuncta <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea gratia mouentur, vt <expan abbr="quieſcãt">quieſcant</expan> & motus item in animali, neque vertor hominem ſub <lb></lb>ea regula complecti. </s> <s>eſt propter alicuius indigentiam, quo adepto deſiſtit à motu. </s> <s>mouetur ani<lb></lb>mal, vt noxium declinet, vtile aſſequatur, eo declinato quod nocet; illo comparato quod con<lb></lb>fert, animal manet, & agit homo, vt demum in Dei contemplatione requieſcat, & cęlum moue<lb></lb>tur, vt maneat; ſed in quo manet ſecundùm naturam & ex quo mouetur, idem ſunt: proptereà <lb></lb>continuè voluitur. </s> <s>Quantum verò attinet ad oppoſitionem quietis, & ea generaliter ſtatuenda <lb></lb>ſunt quæ de motibus: oppoſitionem eodem genere reſtringi, & quietem conſiderari ſimpliciter <lb></lb>& ad ſubiectum, ac ſimpliciter quidem quietem opponi motui, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> priuationem, non ſecun<lb></lb>dùm rationem, ſed ad ſenſum: quia motus eſt notior; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>methodus naturalis in motu ma<lb></lb>gis, quàm in quiete conſiſtit, ſed planè quies item eſt aliqua pars methodi naturalis: eſt verò pri<lb></lb>uatio, quia ſupponitur illi habilitas ad motum, quam ſi tollas; iam illa quies non eſt, ſed immo<lb></lb>bilitas & <foreign lang="grc">ἀκιfησία</foreign>. </s> <s>Quanquam habilitas illa dupliciter ſe habet etiam iudicio præſtantium phi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1558"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loſophorum: nanque & in illo ponitur de quo verè moueri prędicatur, & eadem ac diuerſa ra<lb></lb>tione, & quidem eadem in partibus quas à toto, quod actu nonnunquam mouetur, ſeparari con<lb></lb>tingit; diuerſa, vt ſi ex toto maneat, ex parte moueatur, vt corporum vniuerſitates & cęlum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi quietem cum quiete conferas, quia ſunt vtræque priuationes, ne vtiquam opponentur: <lb></lb>etenim quæque oppoſitio vel vtriuſque oppoſiti, vel alterius duntaxat <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> flagitat: quare non <lb></lb>opponuntur per ſe, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan>, quatenus illis formæ contrarię ſupponuntur, vt quies in albo <lb></lb>& nigro: tametſi eo tempore ſunt ipſęmet formæ. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ſpectes vt ſe habent ad ſubiectum, <lb></lb>& motus & quies aduerſantur. </s> <s>Nam quæ ſecundùm naturam eſt, illi opponitur quæ eſt præter <lb></lb>naturam, & quies ſecundùm naturam motui præter naturam. </s> <s>quies item quæ eſt in termino à <lb></lb>quo, opponitur motui, non illa quæ eſt in termino ad quem, ſiue naturalis, ſeu violens, <lb></lb>quòd terminus à quo corrumpitur, dum fit motus; ad eam itur, quę eſt in termino <lb></lb>ad quem, & in ea perficitur motus, tanquam eadem re ſit cum termino ad <lb></lb>quem. </s> <s>Ex quibus etiam naſcitur, vt cùm ſit motus inter contraria, & <lb></lb>vtraque diuerſis rationibus vicem ſubeant <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> à quibus quie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1559"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes quę ſunt in terminis oppoſitis, etiam ſecum pugnent. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>iam de motus & quietis oppoſitione ſatis. </s> <s>De ſubiecto igi<lb></lb>tur & efficiente motum, <expan abbr="deq́ue">deque</expan> his quæ ſeorſum <lb></lb>hæc principia conſequuntur, tot generatim <lb></lb>dixiſſe ſufficiat. </s> <s>Ad formam igitur & fi<lb></lb>nem quæ reliquæ ſunt de cauſsis <lb></lb>motus, nos proximè con<lb></lb>uertamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1555"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1556"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1557"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>Son.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1558"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1559"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Finis Libri Secundi.</s></p> <pb pagenum="228"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1560"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1560"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV <lb></lb>LIBER TERTIVS.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1561"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1561"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>VT A FORMA PER SE PROFICISCATVR MOTVS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Naturæ ſignificata, & inchoata quędam hypotypoſis affertur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS ea perſecuti ſumus quæ ſpectant ad efficiens, & ma<lb></lb>teriam motus. </s> <s>ſequitur nunc, vt videamus, quemadmodum motus <lb></lb>à forma permánet, nam & ipſam motus eſſe principium quoddam <lb></lb>apud naturaleis philoſophos qui ab Ariſtotele profecti ſunt, dubi<lb></lb>tationem habet nullam: ſed <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ipſa ſit eius <expan abbr="mitiũ">mitium</expan>, haud <lb></lb>facile eſt expedire, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> vnum de hac re ſentiunt <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>; oportunum <lb></lb>tamen, quòd aperiet nobis <expan abbr="aditũ">aditum</expan> ad explicandas obſcuriſsimas quę<lb></lb>ſtiones quę ad motus rerum naturalium pertinent. </s> <s>Cęterùm quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1562"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dò exitus ipſarum à definitione naturæ peti conſueuit, eam in va<lb></lb>rios ſenſus interprete quoque diſtrahente; nos inde ſumemus ini<lb></lb>tium conſequentis diſputationis. </s> <s>Quoniam verò multiplex eſt ea <lb></lb>vox, natura, nobis erit ex præcepto dialectico ante alia de ipſa diſtinguendum. </s> <s>Natura igitur <lb></lb>generatim eſſentia cuiuſque rei perhibetur <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſenſu natura ſæpius à veteribus philoſophis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1563"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vſurpata, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> deinde id omne quod <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo in ſeipſo ſuas habet motioneis, vel vt cauſſa, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1564"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel vt ſubiectum, atque illas quidem ordinatas: itaque ſeparatur ab eis quæ contingenter fiunt, <lb></lb>ſiue à nobis, vt per voluntatem, & per artem, ſiue à cauſsis externis, vt fortuna & caſu; ita etiam <lb></lb>animas, & quæ motu vacant, vt Deus & mathematica naturæ nomen adepta ſunt, ſic & natura <lb></lb>diuina, & natura quantitatis dici ſolet; nos preſsius accipiamus initia motus; primùm verò na<lb></lb>tura ſignificat materiam & ſubiectum tranſmutationis, tum id per quod res ipſa eſt, quę nomine <lb></lb>proprio forma nuncupatur; necnon <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> ad ipſam formam quæ item alio nomine generatio di<lb></lb>citur, ſola intercedente vocis quantitate, nanque in hoc ſignificato <foreign lang="grc">φύσις</foreign> habet <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="productã">productam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Naturam etiam analogicè dicitur efficiens. </s> <s>poſtremo res ipſa quæ habet <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, non ſecus atque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1565"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dici conſueuit ars id quod ab arte <expan abbr="cõfectum">confectum</expan> fuerit, & in hoc ſignificatu frequentem ipſius vſum <lb></lb>comperimus: nam 5. Met. c. de natura ab ipſomet Ariſtotele affertur ita docente, metaphoricè <lb></lb>omnem omnino <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> naturam propter hanc dici; quoniam & natura eſt aliqua ſubſtantia <lb></lb>& longè prius à Platone libris de legibus, à Proclo <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> in Timęo ſimiliter, quemadmodum ars <lb></lb>ab Euſtratio 10. Eth. pro re artificioſa; quanuis iuxta notioneis <expan abbr="cõmuneis">communeis</expan> ars & res artificioſa ſe<lb></lb>parentur: quamobrem nulla mendę ſuſpicio ineſt in T. 11. 2. phyſ. </s> <s>vbi naturam appellauit id <lb></lb>quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, & quanuis Ariſtoteles (vt obiter id declarem) paullò infra teſtatus <lb></lb>fuerit <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> non eſſe naturam, ſed à natura; quod ſanè talem ſcrupulum iniecit Auerroi, vt <lb></lb>coactus fuerit immutare lectionem, & id quod in recto pronunciatum fuerat, acceperit in ſexto <lb></lb>caſu, & Vicomercatus hęſerit in hac ſalebra qui repugnantiam quidem viderit, neque tamen ex<lb></lb>tricarit: videtur ibi contigiſſe id quod frequenter euenit in nominibus ad vnum. </s> <s>habent enim <lb></lb>plura ſignificata, atque illa quidem vulgò recepta; ſed tamen vnum primùm à quo reliqua nega<lb></lb>ri poſſunt. </s> <s>Ita factum eſt vt 1. Phyſ. T. 8. Philoſophus veterum quæſtiones de eo, quòd vnum eſ<lb></lb>ſet ens & immobile, de natura non eſſe dixerit, T. autem 10. quęſtiones illas de natura eſſe prædi<lb></lb>cauerit. </s> <s>Ideò, cùm inquit Ariſtoteles naturam etiam eſſe compoſitum, accipit peruulgaram eius <pb pagenum="229"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1566"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vocis notionem: verùm quia non erat ea propria & princeps ſignificatio; ab Ariſtotele repudia<lb></lb>ta fuerit in concluſione, haud ſecus atque id quod eſt, ab eo quod eſt, contra <expan abbr="Parmenidẽ">Parmenidem</expan> aliquan<lb></lb>do ſeparatum fuerit conceſſum non eſſe etiam id quod eſt propter analogiam eorum quæ ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed redeo ad rem. </s> <s>quia natura multiplex eſt, de ea quę propriè natura dicitur, inſtituendus eſt fer<lb></lb>mo: hęc verò complectitur materiam & formam. </s> <s>Quare nos vtriuſque communem <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> <lb></lb>hoc loco tractare conſtituimus, vt traditis <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> earum attributis formam ipſam explicare <lb></lb>ſigillatim liceat, & indicare quo'nam officio fungatur in motu, quod nos in hoc libro <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> <lb></lb>quęrimus. </s> <s>Eam igitur ita definiebat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Initium quoddam <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ κινεῖ̂σται καὶ ἠρεμεῖν</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ideſt, mouendi & quieſcendi illius in quo eſt primò, per ſe, & non per accidens. </s> <s>At verò offi<lb></lb>cium noſtrum erit nunc, vt id quod breuiter ab Ariſtotele pro munere diffinitionis eſt factum <lb></lb>(breuem etenim <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe oportet; nam breuitas ad perſpicuitatem quę animus diffinitionis eſt, <lb></lb>vt ita dicam, valde conducit) planius reddamus, tùm rudiore quadam ſpecie percurrendo vim <lb></lb>ſingularum partium quæ in illa ſunt poſitæ, tum deinde ad tenue elimata ratione veritatem di<lb></lb>ctorum explorando: ex illo enim primo congreſſu fiet, vt quod maximè poſtulatur in definitio<lb></lb>ne, pręſtemus, quòd ſic res definienda ab aliis omnibus ſeparabitur: deinde quoniam eadem ſo<lb></lb>lent eſſe principia conſtitutionis, quæ ſunt etiam cauſſæ diſtinctionis; poſtquam conſtituta fue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1567"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rit natura, ſedulò tractanti, ſe ipſam patefaciet primùm, deinde monſtrabit exitum in omneis <lb></lb>quæſtioneis quarum gratia nos hîc cum cęteris philoſophis laboramus. </s> <s>Itaque noſſe licet, hanc <lb></lb>eſſe generalem partitionem omnium rerum auctore Syriano 3. primæ philoſ. </s> <s>ſiue exiſtant in <lb></lb>natura, ſiue ſubiiciantur methodis, ſiue etiam cadant in mentem, omne id quod eſt, aut eſſe <lb></lb>principium, aut ex principio; numeratur autem natura in iis quæ ſunt principia; quapropter <lb></lb>ab aliis diſtinguitur quæ ſunt ex principiis. </s> <s>Porrò principium multiplex; aut enim ex quo <lb></lb>primùm mouetur quippiam, vt principium itineris, & quod dici conſueuit magnitudinis. </s> <s>ideſt, <lb></lb>quod in quanto primum exoritur, vt in animali cor, aut aliquo pacto mutari cœpit, aut do<lb></lb>ctrinæ principium, vnde ſcilicet, quis addiſcit facilius: aut temporis, quando nimirum mo<lb></lb>ueri cœpimus; aut rei principium quod eſt idem àc cauſſa talis autem principij conditiones <lb></lb>hę ſunt, vt non fiat ex quoquam, ſed alia fiant ex ipſo, vel quia ſit pars quæ pertineat ad <lb></lb>eius eſſentiam quod eſt ex ipſo, vel quia ſit fundamentum functionis in aliquo. </s> <s>Id natura <lb></lb>prius eſt & notius, nobis autem ignotius & poſterius: ita natura principium eſt, nec quod<lb></lb>libet principij genus, neque principium ſimpliciter. </s> <s>fortè, quia vox iſta ad vnum eſt, neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1568"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex toto de ſingulis partibus prædicatur, quemadmodum prædicantur vniuocę. </s> <s>nanque & ho<lb></lb>mo hac ratione eſt animal ſimpliciter, quà verò ſpecies & ſubiectum, non item: quoniam <lb></lb>eſt pars quædam animalis; ſic cùm ſint alia principia præter naturam, & magnitudinis & tem<lb></lb>poris; natura eſt principium quoddam, & eſt, vti diximus, principium rei. </s> <s>Cùm verò prin<lb></lb>cipium & cauſſa generatim ſit duplex; nam quædam eſt extra rem cuius eſt cauſſa, quemad<lb></lb>modum pater extra filium, & faber extra ſcamnum: tametſi hoc proprium eſt naturalium, <lb></lb>cum efficientium, tum etiam finium, vt ſint eiuſdem rationis cum eo quod efficitur, quo <lb></lb>item differunt ab artificioſis; quippe quòd ex homine fiat homo, non è ſcamno ſcamnum: <lb></lb>alia principia rem ipſam componunt, quorum quoque duplex exiſtet ratio. </s> <s>Nam ſunt ali<lb></lb>qua operis potius, quàm rei principia, veluti mens celi pars, non quia cęlum per ſe conſti<lb></lb>tuat, ſed quòd efficiat primum mobile, ſunt alia partes rei, quemadmodum phialæ vitrum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Generatim verò in natura ſunt principia generationis, vel quòd res genitæ ſint, vel quòd geni<lb></lb>tę ſuis fungantur officiis, ac generationis quidem tria principia numerantur, priuatio, forma, <lb></lb>& materia; rei duo tantum materia & forma; eadem ſunt principia functionum. </s> <s>Ita prin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1569"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipium & cauſſa eſt natura, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt non modò ſit officij principium, ſed vt compleat rem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1570"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ſit cauſſa quòd ſit, <expan abbr="eiq́ue">eique</expan> ſit internum, quandò eſt principium in ipſo, prout ipſum eſt, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſt enim materia principium illud ex quo, cùm inſit, fit id quod fit, & forma per quam res <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1571"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſa eſt. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quoniam ſic materia & forma ſunt principia ſubſtantiæ ſimplici<lb></lb>ter; huiuſmodi autem ſpeculatio tranſibit methodi noſtræ limiteis, & pertinet ad primum <lb></lb>philoſophum; nobis enim hîc ea ſubſtantia proponitur in qua principia ſint motus & quie<lb></lb>tis; profectò nos ita principia conſiderabimus, quatenus efficiunt motum & quietem in tali <lb></lb>ſubſtantia: neque enim abſolutè vnquam ſpectari poſſunt in methodis, ſed cum habitudi<lb></lb>ne ad ea quorum ſunt principia: cùm verò quatenus ſubſtantię principia, & effectus commu<lb></lb>niſsimi quod eſt eſſe, non attineant ad phyſicum, ſed quatenus ſubſtantię mobilis, & quo<lb></lb>ad in ipſa efficiunt motum; inde eſt, vt exploranda ſint à nobis tanquam principia motus & <lb></lb>quietis. </s> <s>Huc accedit quòd principia cùm ſint ignota natura & euolui debeant per nota nobis <lb></lb>ea verò ſunt motus & quies; etiam conſultum eſſe dicimus perſpicuitati definitionis, dum <lb></lb>natura explicatur per motum & quietem. </s> <s>Neque item methodi ingenio repugnabit, ſi <lb></lb>proponatur aliquid ad definiendum ſub ea ratione qua perfectiſsimum eſt; tum verò eſt perfe <pb pagenum="230"></pb>ctiſsimum, cùm ei nihil deſit, vt ſua munera obeat: rerum verò naturalium munera ſunt motus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1572"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per quem aguntur, vt ſuum locum adipiſcantur, vt in eo maneant, quæ eſt ſumma illorum per<lb></lb>fectio, quies autem vel quia tendant ad quietem & finem motus qui proprius eſt eorum locus, <lb></lb>vel in eo maneant, poſtquàm illum adepta fuerint. </s> <s>Erunt ergo principia motus & quietis, ſi<lb></lb>ue quòd efficiant <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> & <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, ſicut is qui ſaxum impellit, & ſedat, ſuſtineant, vbi moueatur, <lb></lb>ſiue quòd propter ipſa moueatur habens, velut ille, qui cùm ſit aptus ad philoſophiam, habere <lb></lb>dicitur aliquod principium ad philoſophiam: ita enim dicitur, non quia vim habeat alium ef<lb></lb>ficiendi philoſophum, ſed quoniam ipſe philoſophus fieri poſsit; incertum adhuc eſt, & diſſe<lb></lb>retur poſteà diligentiſsimè: nam de hoc magnæ lites extant, & hinc dubitationis omnis quæ ad <lb></lb>motum grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>pertinet, initium ducitur, quamobrem nos onus ſcribendi ſuſcepi<lb></lb>mus de cauſsis motus naturalis. </s> <s>Quoniam verò motus & ſtatus etiam generalius ſumitur, & vt <lb></lb>complectitur animi motus & eas ſpecies quas ſalutares vocat Ariſtoteles, & à Platone, etiam tri<lb></lb>buitur rebus diuinis, quantum ad Platonem pertinet, planum quòd hoc accipitur, quoad eſt affe<lb></lb>ctio ſubſtantię ſenſilis, ſalutares motus hîc item comprehendi voluit D. Thomas. </s> <s>illud mihi ma<lb></lb>gis probatur, Ariſtotelem in hac definitione ſumere motus quos dicit afferre interitum, qui ſunt <lb></lb>corporis, quatenus corpus; & cùm ex hiſce motibus quidam per ſe ſint, alij per accidens, ac per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1573"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe quidem in quattuor prædicamentis, ſubſtantia, quanto, quali, & ipſo vbi, dimiſsis iis qui ſunt <lb></lb>per accidens, tum quia methodi negligunt ea quæ ſunt per accidens, tum etiam quia demonſtra<lb></lb>tiones ab Ariſtotele inſtitutæ reſpiciunt hoc motuum genus, vt apparet 6. Phyſ. tum item quia in <lb></lb>definitionibus accipiuntur voces in proprio ſignificatu, hic autem eſt motus per ſe, aſſero etiam <lb></lb>ſumi hoc genus motuum in explicatione naturæ. </s> <s>Quies autem eſt immobilitas quædam, ſed <lb></lb>non omnis. </s> <s>illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt cui ſupponitur habilitas ad motum, quę item cùm re ſit idem cum termino <lb></lb>à quo, vel ad quem; non erit abſurdum, ſi transferamus quietem ad omnem ſtatum vniuersè in <lb></lb>termino à quo, vel ad quem, motum ſignificantes ſtatum qui terminos vtroſque participat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Immobilitas patet latius, & aliqua repugnat habilitati ad motum, atque adeò vt nullam habeat <lb></lb>affinitatem cum ipſo, vt in mathematicis, & generatim in omnibus ſeparatis à materia: proinde <lb></lb>generalius eſt quàm vt explicari poſsit à philoſopho naturali. </s> <s>Nam cęteroquin illius quæ mo<lb></lb>tus quoquo pacto affinis eſt, qualis in centro & polis, cùm non abhorreat à natura, habenda eſt <lb></lb>ratio naturali philoſopho. </s> <s>Pertinent hæc, vt dictum eſt, ad quattuor prædicamenta, & omnis eo<lb></lb>rum ſpecies poteſt eſſe ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Quare etiam natura eſt principium motus qui diſtri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1574"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>buitur in quattuor genera. </s> <s>Nanque & gignitur, & alteratur, & augetur quippiam ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam, quemadmodum conſtat 5. Phyſ. & corrumpitur item ſecundùm naturam, vt cùm ex <lb></lb>ſenio moritur animal, & mixtum putreſcit. </s> <s>Et quies etiam ſpectat ad ſubſtantiam, veluti appa<lb></lb>ret ex iis quæ decreta ſunt. 8. Phyſ. cùm docetur naturam non gignere, vt ſtatim corrumpat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare ſtatus eſt item in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Neque quòd ortus, interitus, & alteratio fiant ab alio (nihil <lb></lb>enim gignit, alteratúe ſeipſum, neque item corrumpit, niſi per accidens) tollit, quominus ſit mo<lb></lb>tus naturalis; ſiquidem ſit ſaltem naturalis merito materiæ. </s> <s>Ex his profectò ſatis conſtat neque <lb></lb>Deum, neque nautam eſſe naturas, illum quidem quòd ſeparatus eſt à mobili, nautam verò quia <lb></lb>motus nauis eſt ex arte, non naturalis. </s> <s>Sed cùm quęque particula definitionis, aut ſaltem vni<lb></lb>uerſa definitio ſeparent rem definiendam à qualibet alia re, ac tum ſuo officio probè definitio <lb></lb>functa ſit, nec quicquam plus habeat, neque minus, ſi omnes rei parteis nobis ponat ante oculos, <lb></lb>& diſiungat à cęteris, cùm etiam ſint alia principia quæ cùm ſint in re ipſa, moueant, vt grauitas <lb></lb>& leuitas, etiam præuiæ affectiones; quandò tantum conceditur ipſo vbi, quantum de forma, <lb></lb>aut affectionibus præuiis, adde etiam priuationem, ſit item aliud mouens internum, velut ani<lb></lb>mus, & medicus prætereà curet ſeipſum, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> valde ſimile naturæ habitum fuerit, vt in numiſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1575"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>matis veteres naturam exprimerent homine ſaucio qui ſibi ipſe mederetur, adiectæ videntur il<lb></lb>læ fuiſſe conditioneis, <emph type="italics"></emph>primò & per ſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Veruntamen cùm variis modis eæ partes quæ in hac defi<lb></lb>nitione continentur, accommodatæ fuerint ab interpretibus ad ſignificandam aliquam naturæ <lb></lb>diſtinctionem reliquis principiis internis mouentibus, conabimur etiam nos hęc diſcrimina cum <lb></lb>ipſis perpendere, & paucis admonere quid in eorum explicatione deſideremus. </s> <s>Exordiamur au<lb></lb>tem ab illa particula <emph type="italics"></emph>primò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Coniungit Auerroës eas voces <emph type="italics"></emph>primò & per ſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, quoniam per ſe ſit <lb></lb>quid communius, quàm primò, quemadmodum acceptum eſt in Analyticis; vnde animal ineſt <lb></lb>in homine per ſe, non tamen primò; animal rationis compos & per ſe & primò; idcirco putat <lb></lb>ipſe eam vocem <emph type="italics"></emph>primò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> fuiſſe adiectam ad diſtinguendum id quod per ſe, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> videt vocem quæ <lb></lb>debet diſtinguere, in oratione poſtponi, non autem præponi, ne nugatio propter repetitionem <lb></lb>committatur, quæ animaduerſa eſt ab Ariſtotele cùm lib. <foreign lang="grc">περὶ ἑρμην</foreign>. </s> <s>tùm etiam 7. primę philoſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>in ipſa definitione. </s> <s>Neque item prorſus approbare poſſum ea quæ ſtatuit Simplicius, vtpotè <lb></lb>primò & per ſe <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> ſeparari: quandoquidem nauta primò quidem ineſt in naui, tamen <lb></lb>per accidens, & ſeparari poteſt à naui; rurſus albedinem inquit primò ineſſe in ſuperficie, neuti <pb pagenum="231"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1576"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam tamen per ſe, & habere treis angulos æqualeis duobus rectis ineſſe per ſe in æquilatere, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>autem primò: nanque oportebat ipſum diſtinguere de eo quod ineſt primò, cùm ſit duplex. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim primò & quatenus ipſum aliquando eſt idem, hoc verò eſt id quod habet certam cauſ<lb></lb>ſam, atque rationem ob quam hæreat in ſubiecto. </s> <s>Eſt etiam primò id quod non per aliud, & <lb></lb>propriè ſignificat abſentiam cauſſarum quæ ſunt inſtrumenta, ſiue illę ordinem inter ſe habeant, <lb></lb>ſiue ordine careant: nanque eas ita inter ſe habere teſtatur experientia; quandò & manu ego <lb></lb>moueo ſaxum, & ſi libuerit, etiam pede: cęlum per lumen & motum calefacit neceſſariò terram. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi <emph type="italics"></emph>primò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in hunc ſenſum accepit; iam id præſefert maximam controuerſiam, cùm per gra<lb></lb>uitatem & leuitatem motus naturales præſtari videantur: ſi verò primò idem eſt, ac quatenus <lb></lb>ipſum; non videtur aliquid eſſe primò, quin idem ſit per ſe, cùm id quod eſt per accidens, nul<lb></lb>lum ordinem habeat ad id in quo ineſt: atqui dicit ineſſe ſic primò, ordinem imponit. </s> <s>Videtur <lb></lb>autem ipſe hæc ſine diſtinctione pronunciaſſe, quæ maximè diſtingui oportebat. </s> <s>Mitto nunc <lb></lb>quòd exempla falsò ſumpta fuerint, tum quòd in ſuperficie ſit albedo per accidens, cum ea quæ <lb></lb>per ſe inſunt in aliquo, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel inſint in eo cuius ſit aliquid primùm excipiens, vt vita in animali, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1577"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel in eo quod primum excipiat, vt vita in animo, ſic albedo ſe habet ad corpus, vt vita ad ani<lb></lb>mal, ad ſuperficiem verò, vt vita ad animum: quo fit, vt modus hic eius quod eſt inhęrere in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1578"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliquo, non ſit per accidens, vt exiſtimauit Simplicius, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> ſit quintus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> modus eius quod <lb></lb>eſt per ſe, quemadmodum cenſuit Themiſtius, ſed pars ſecundi qui deſcriptus eſt 1. Poſt. Nam <lb></lb>ſi ſecundus eſt, cùm <expan abbr="prædicatũ">prædicatum</expan> definitur per ſubiectum; vtrumque verò genus ſubiecti accipien<lb></lb>dum eſſe in accidentis definitione docuit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> planum quòd & hic modus qui continet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1579"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubiectum quod vulgò dicitur inhęſionis, ad ſecundùm referendus eſt. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quòd habe<lb></lb>re treis angulos æquos duobus rectis inſit in æquilatere per ſe, cùm inſit per accidens. </s> <s>Nam ſi ea <lb></lb>ſunt <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan> modo in ſubiectis, per quę definiuntur; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> definitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> habere treis angulos ſic di<lb></lb>ſpoſitos peræquilatus: ergo <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> erit in eo per ſe. </s> <s>Non definiri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per aliud ex eo liquet; quo<lb></lb>niam definitum abſtrahi nequit à ſua definitione, neque reipſa, neque etiam mente: at ſine æqui<lb></lb>latere tres angulos habere non ſolùm concipitur, verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> conſtat, vt in æquicrure & ſcaleno. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque ſatis placet quod aiebat Themiſtius ſeparans ea quæ inſunt primò, vel quia ſic inſint, vt <lb></lb>ſeparari queant, veluti nauta in naui, vel vt hæreant perpetuò, quemadmodum animus in cor<lb></lb>pore, ex illis primis fieri non ſolet vnum per ſe, ſalua ſemper vtriuſque eſſentia, ſed ad ſummam <lb></lb>vnum cauſſa operationis; ex his poſtremis etiam fit vnum per ſe obtinente ſubiecto quòd ſit ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1580"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſua forma. </s> <s>Proinde ſi viuens diſſoluatur, alens perit; nauta etiam manet extra nauim. </s> <s>Ea ve<lb></lb>rò quæ ſeparari non poſſunt, per ſe inſunt. </s> <s>Ita igitur naturam eſſe vult ex iis quæ primò quidem <lb></lb>inſunt, ſed perpetuò. </s> <s>Cęterùm ex animo & corpore fit vnum per ſe, & animus aliquis à mate<lb></lb>ria non ſeparatur; quo igitur differet à natura? </s> <s>Quinetiam neque euitatur quin hoc modo <lb></lb>quod primò ineſt, ſit per ſe, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>præponenda conditio per ſe, ne incideremus in nugationem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit eodem quòd materia non erit natura, cùm ſeparari poſsit à compoſito, quæ tamen hacte<lb></lb>nus habetur magis natura, quàm forma. </s> <s>Illud item quod admonuit Philoponus <emph type="italics"></emph>primò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> eſſe idem <lb></lb>ac citra ſocias cauſſas, itaque excludi appetitum, per quem mouetur corpus ab animo, non ſatis <lb></lb>eſt rectum, quòd etiam quidam appetitus eſt naturalis. </s> <s>Præterquamquòd vtitur natura mediis <lb></lb>grauitate & leuitate nimirùm. </s> <s>Budęus quæſtione de mouente & moto qui vult, formam mo<lb></lb>uere materiam, & <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> cùm moueat, hanc cùm moueatur, efficere motum in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, ſic accepit <lb></lb>naturę definitionem, vt eſſet principium motus eius in quo ineſt primò, & eam vocem <emph type="italics"></emph>primò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>cum principio motus, ſed cum verbo, <emph type="italics"></emph>est<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, iunxit. </s> <s>At verò neque ita diſtinguitur ab animo natu<lb></lb>ra, quòd animus eſt quoque principium motus & quietis eius in quo ineſt primò, per ſe, & non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1581"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per accidens. </s> <s>Dices fortè animum non ineſſe primò, quia ſit in aliqua parte corporis, vt puta in <lb></lb>corde. </s> <s>An ſic definitio manca, & adhuc aliqua diſtinctione ſupplenda. </s> <s>Omnino ij qui defen<lb></lb>ſuri ſunt, naturam eſſe principium patibile motus; hanc expoſitionem repudiare debent. </s> <s>Illud <lb></lb>item generaliter approbatum, per ſe & non per accidens idem valere, quaſi Ariſtoteles vſus ſit <lb></lb>multis vocibus idem ſignificantibus ad maiorem propoſiti declarationem. </s> <s>Verùmenimuerò nos <lb></lb>etiam ex ſingulis hiſce periculis & eſſentiam naturæ colligi, & naturam ab omni alio principio <lb></lb>motus ſeparari demonſtrabimus, & præter illa quæ ſuperius attulimus, hęc ſubiiciemus, quibus <lb></lb>ea patefiant quæ pollicemur. </s> <s>Omnis autem controuerſia, quod pertinet ad præſens inſtitutum, <lb></lb>eò ſpectabit, vt intelligantur ea quæ ſunt <emph type="italics"></emph>primò per ſe & non per accidens<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Scire igitur licet <emph type="italics"></emph>primò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>duas habere conditioneis, primam quòd medio vacet, medio autem vacare poteſt multis modis, <lb></lb>vt logicè quidem medio ſubiecto, vel media cauſſa. </s> <s>Prætereà cùm cauſſa prima poſsit eſſe <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> <lb></lb>vel proxima, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>tangit effectum, vel præcipua quæ non reſoluitur in aliam ſuperiorem cauſ<lb></lb>ſam, ſiue, vt dicebat Syrianus prima per aſsignationem, vel <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, etiam primò tot modis acci<lb></lb>pi poteſt. </s> <s>Altera conditio eſt, quòd adęquatum ſit attributum ei cui tribuitur, adæquantur verò <lb></lb>hæc, cùm comprehendit attributum omnes eius partes cui tribuitur, nec aliud quicquam; partes <pb pagenum="232"></pb>autem ſunt vel ſubiectæ, vt indiuidua ſpeciei, vel etiam quantitatis, quo etiam pacto accipitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1582"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>primò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7. & 8. Phyſ. cùm quęritur, an aliquid moueat ſeipſum primò. </s> <s>Deinde <emph type="italics"></emph>per ſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> quoque va<lb></lb>riis modis accipitur. </s> <s>primò cauſſa ordinata, ex qua pendet affectus, cui opponitur cauſſa infinita, <lb></lb>& fortuita; quemadmodum accipitur in quarto modo, hoc dicimus non per accidens, ſecundò <lb></lb>per ſe dicitur id quod abſolutum eſt, vt per ſe conſiſtat, nec ex vllo alio pendeat, vel ſimpliciter, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> Deus, vel in ſuo ordine, qua ratione differt ab iis quæ Medici vocant <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ σχέ<lb></lb>σιν</foreign>, Ariſtoteles in aliquibus <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ πάθος</foreign>, & eſt 5. Met. proprium <foreign lang="grc">τῶν κεχωρισμένων</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſepara<lb></lb>torum quales ſunt ſubſtantiæ compoſitæ & eſſentiæ beatę. </s> <s>Sicut autem dicitur primò eſſe quod <lb></lb>per ſe conſiſtit, vt prima ſubſtantia, ſic per analogiam dici poteſt de habitibus, & de cauſsis quæ <lb></lb>non pendent ex alio genere cauſſarum, vel ſimpliciter, vel quodammodo. </s> <s>Dico igitur Naturam <lb></lb>eſſe principium motus & quietis primò, quia ſit cauſſa medio vacans, ſi non merito contactus, at <lb></lb>quia nulla ſit ea prior in genere principiorum internorum, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>adæquata, quoniam exten<lb></lb>ditur per omneis ſubiecti parteis, cum ſubiecto diuidua, & ſecundùm virtutem, & ſecundùm eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam: nanque & lapis totus eſt per ſuam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & quælibet pars eius eſt lapis: atqui animus <lb></lb>ineſt per eſſentiam non in toto, ſed in certa corporis parte, nec cum ſingulis partibus diuiditur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ergo quòd inſit primò diſtinguitur ab animo: diſtinguitur etiam à Deo, qui etſi copulatur cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1583"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cęlo magis indiuiduè, quàm forma cum materia; nihilominus ineſt in certa cęli parte, vt in dexte<lb></lb>ra, ad alias virtutem ſolam diffundens. </s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Per ſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> etiam quia neque eſt inſtrumentum, neque ineſt <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">κατὰ σχεσιν</foreign>, ſed eſt abſoluta cauſſa inter internas: ſic ſegregatur à grauitate & leuitate quæ <lb></lb>ſunt inſtrumenta, necnon à præuiis affectionibus quæ pendent ab efficiente. </s> <s>Non per accidens <lb></lb>autem, quia non eſt cauſſa fortuita, qualis eſt medicus, dum curat ſeipſum. </s> <s>Atque ita non ex<lb></lb>cluditur operę motus naturalis appetitus, aut inſtrumentum, aut affectio præuia, quoniam cauſ<lb></lb>ſa non accipitur, vt contactu proxima, ſed vt præcipua. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur vt cùm id quod eſt pri<lb></lb>mò ſub eo ſignificato, ſit ex alio quodam ordine, atque id quod eſt per ſe, neque ſe habeant ſe<lb></lb>cundùm ſeriem veluti pedeſtre & bipes, more conſueto Ariſtoteli nullus ordo inter eas differen<lb></lb>tias obſeruari debeat. </s> <s>Noli verò tu exemplum cauſſæ per accidens ſic accipere, quemadmodum <lb></lb>ſolent rudiores interpretes, ſi fingatur .ſ. </s> <s>medicus ſibi ipſi reſtituere ſanitatem, & ita diſtinguatur <lb></lb>à natura, quia ſeipſum per accidens (curet nam quòd per accidens hæc coniungantur, ſatis ap<lb></lb>paret, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſæpiſsimè ſecernuntur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> medicus ſemper ægrotat, aut æger ſemper eſt me<lb></lb>dicus) quaſi ſi per ſe medicus ſeipſum curaret, non diſcreparet à natura, vnde colligatur naturá <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1584"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>efficere motum, veluti medicus efficit ſanitatem. </s> <s>Nam ſic natura pertineret ad ſolam formam, <lb></lb>quandò ea ſola agendi principium ponitur, & veriſimile erat Ariſtotelem magis ſignificare nobis <lb></lb>principium quod plurimum foret in vſu; erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id materia: nam latebat adhuc, eſſe'ne forma <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, & natura, atqui materia eſt principium patiendi. </s> <s>Quare dicemus hoc exemplum id <lb></lb>valere duntaxat, vt intelligatur illud item acquiri, quòd hoc <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> internum ſit per ſe. </s> <s>quod <lb></lb>in medico certè non eſt, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex ſeipſo mouetur ad ſalutem, ſed quòd euenit forte fortuna, <lb></lb>vt ægrotet medicus, & ſi rite exemplum hoc ſumpturi ſimus, accipiendum id quod per ſe eſt ab <lb></lb>ægro, quod autem per accidens à medico, hoc eſt, non quòd medico accidat eſſe ægrum, quod illi <lb></lb>putant qui per hoc <expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan> ſignificari putant agendi principium in natura, ſed quòd ægro acci<lb></lb>dat eſſe <expan abbr="medicũ">medicum</expan>, per quod nos dicimus indicari patiendi facultatem quæ per ſe & ſecundùm <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> ineſt in ægro, quòd Ariſtoteles reſpiciat ſemper id quod mouetur, & in eo <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſumat <lb></lb>per quod mouetur. </s> <s>Nam quòd ſanetur ineſt in ægro per ſe, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tendit ad ſanitatem per ſe <lb></lb>ægrum ſic oportet: nunc quòd medicus ita moueatur eſt per accidens; quia <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ægrotat ita mo<lb></lb>uetur. </s> <s>Idem quoque multò ante ſignificauerat nobis Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dum exponeret, quemadmo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1585"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1586"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum fieret ex ente & non ente omne id quod fit: etenim fiebat ex ente, quatenus non eſt, vt ho<lb></lb>mo ſanus ex homine, quatenus æger. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́">Idemque</expan>. </s> <s>confirmauit alibi, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt planè confirmet expoſitio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1587"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> in definitione naturę. </s> <s>æger <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ille eſt, non medicus, qui in ſeipſo principia ſanitatis ha<lb></lb>beat per ſe, neque principium ſanitatis in medico eſt ex natura, ſed ex arte & ordo rerum flagi<lb></lb>tat, vt id quod eſt per accidens, referatur ad aliud quod ſit per ſe, non autem contrà. </s> <s>ideò medi<lb></lb>cum ſanari referetur ad ægrotum qui per ſe ſanatur: non autem ægrotum ſanari ad medicum, <lb></lb>quia medicus per ſe ſanet, & illud eſt ex natura, hoc vniuerſum accidens, & ex alio principio ſu<lb></lb>mit originem. </s> <s>Non igitur eſt per accidens ægro, quòd ſanetur, ſed medico: neque naturale me<lb></lb>dico, quòd ſanet, verùm quòd ſanetur, ſanatur autem, quatenus æger eſt, non autem quatenus <lb></lb>medicus. </s> <s>Quòd autem ea verba ſic interprętari oporteat, conſequentia perſuadent: additur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>nullum eorum quæ fiunt, habere in ſeipſis principium effectionis, ſed ſemper extra ſe, intra verò <lb></lb>per accidens. </s> <s>Itaque efficiens per ſe ſeparatum eſſe ab eo quod mouetur. </s> <s>Proinde ſi non ſepa<lb></lb>ratum, neque omnino efficiens erit per ſe, ſed per accidens. </s> <s>Ergo ſi natura eſt principium per ſe, <lb></lb>non poteſt eſſe agens internum; nec igitur vt medicus, ſed vt æger. </s> <s>Quapropter alio modo prin<lb></lb>cipium atque agens. </s> <s>Quanquam animi natura nobis exhibere poteſt aliquod negocium, quippe <pb pagenum="233"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1588"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd & animus eſt forma, forma autem natura. </s> <s>Ergo & animus natura, nihilominus eſt prin<lb></lb>cipium mouens internum. </s> <s>Aut igitur animus non eſt in aliqua prima parte, quemadmodum <lb></lb>conſtituit Ariſtoteles, aut forma & natura per <expan abbr="conſequentiã">conſequentiam</expan> non erit in toto primò, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>po<lb></lb>terit eſſe principium motus internum. </s> <s>An ea vis eſt omnis efficientis corporei, vt moueat, qua<lb></lb>tenus eſt actu, & per formam quam habet det rei <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quę non habet: ſed in eo quod mouetur, <lb></lb>requiritur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> certa ratio per quam moueatur, vti de ęgro dictura fuit: coger. </s> <s>n. ſit oportet qui <lb></lb>ſanandus eſt, & cùm in animo carentibus ſit forma extenta cum ſubiecto, quod infrà declarabi<lb></lb>tur, vnam certè rationem obtinet, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> rationem per quam mouetur habens illam, ſed in corpo<lb></lb>re animato, cùm ſubiecto & ſecundùm <expan abbr="præſentiã">præſentiam</expan> ſecreta ſit à toto, ſecundùm virtutem toti com<lb></lb>municetur, & partes reliquæ in animante potiantur ea forma per adnexionem; efficitur vt quo<lb></lb>ad præſentiam, cùm ſeparata ſit à partibus quas mouet, vim ſubeat efficientis, quoad informat <lb></lb>ipſas; & totum per virtutem ab illa prima parte infuſam, per quam eſt animal, habeat rationem <lb></lb>formæ, & ita efficiat motum in animali, quia moueatur per ipſam: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouetur, quatenus eſt <lb></lb>animal, quare & per animum mouetur & ab animo. </s> <s>Verùm ab animo vt ab efficiente & per prę<lb></lb>ſentiam ſeparato: per animum, quoniam mouetur quatenus animal, tanquam per formam quæ <lb></lb>virtute per totum diffunditur. </s> <s>Quare etiam cùm animus eo modo informet ſingulas parteis, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1589"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit ratio perquam mouetur animal; fit vt forma ſit in animali principium motus primò atque <lb></lb>etiam natura, & quia ſeparatus eſt per præſentiam à toto moueat vt efficiens, neque primò, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <lb></lb>vt forma. </s> <s>Ex quibus ſequitur, vt neque natura ſit principium internum quod efficiat motum, <lb></lb>neque quin animus ſit & natura & forma, quanuis vt internum principium moueat. </s> <s>Ex his item <lb></lb>apparet diſtinctio inter naturam & animum, cùm animus geminam vim obtineat in animante, <lb></lb>naturæ autem ratio ſit vnica, nimirùm principium per quod corpora mouentur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1562"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1563"></margin.target>a 1. de an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1564"></margin.target>b Gal. lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de nat. </s> <s>hu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1565"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1566"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1567"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1568"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1569"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1570"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1571"></margin.target>b 11. Met. <lb></lb>T. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1572"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1573"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1574"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1575"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1576"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1577"></margin.target>a 5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1578"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1579"></margin.target>b 6. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1580"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1581"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1582"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1583"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1584"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1585"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 74.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1586"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1587"></margin.target>b 4. de cę<lb></lb>lo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1588"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1589"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An plena ſit naturæ definitio, nec'ne perquiritur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXPEDITI ponderatione verborum tranſeamus nunc ad ſecundam diſputationis noſtræ <lb></lb>partem qua nobis eſſentia naturæ eſt pertractanda ſubtilius. </s> <s>In quo quidem munere quan<lb></lb>uis multa ſint ea quæ de naturæ definitione dubitantur, illa tamen ſeligere enitemur quæ perti<lb></lb>neant ad inueniendas cauſas motus naturalis. </s> <s>In primis verò duo ſunt quę ponderis alicuius in <lb></lb>hac definitioue aduertenda ſeſe obiiciant. </s> <s>Primùm quidem id quod à Philopono animaduer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1590"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſum eſt in ipſa: quòd imperfecta ſit, & manca: quippe quæ, non omnia prędicata contineat quæ <lb></lb>neceſſariò ad ipſam planè conſtituendam requirantur. </s> <s>Alterum verò quòd ſatis perſpicua non <lb></lb>ſit: id quod Ariſtoteli noſtro obiecit Arabum princeps. </s> <s>Nam ſi eiuſmodi ſunt ea quæ auctores <lb></lb>iſti grauiſsimi opponunt, vt probari poſsint; ex his quæ tradit Ariſtoteles, principium motus <lb></lb>non ſatis exploratum fuerit, nec certa notitia ſuppetet cauſſarum motus naturalis quas inqui<lb></lb>rendas in hoc libro ſuſcepimus. </s> <s>Hęc quidem nos vrgent in præſentia, <expan abbr="trahuntq́">trahuntque</expan>. </s> <s>ad ſui ipſarum <lb></lb>explicationem alia forſan adiecturos, ſi præceptoris operam deſiderare videantur. </s> <s>Ad hoſce <lb></lb>igitur nodos extricandos ordine procedamus. </s> <s>Itaque Philoponus in noſtram definitionem ſic <lb></lb>inuectus eſt. </s> <s>quòd ex poſterioribus conficeretur, nempe ex motu & quiete quæ ſunt effecta natu<lb></lb>ræ: idcirco aliam ipſe definitionem aſsignare conatus eſt, aut potius Ariſtotelicam ineptè ſupple<lb></lb>re iam enarratis partibus alias nouas adiiciens, ſic vitam & facultatem, per corpora <expan abbr="penetrãtem">penetrantem</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>efformatricem, atque gubernatricem, principium motus, & ſtatus, & cętera, quæ in Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelica definitione conſequuntur. </s> <s>At verò & ipſe toties peccat, quot verba pronunciat, & ca<lb></lb>nones analyticos labefactans, & contra ſe ipſum decernens, nec quàm ſibi conſtanter <expan abbr="conuenien-terq́">conuenien<lb></lb>terque</expan>. </s> <s>dicat, laborans. </s> <s>Contra ſe ipſum primò: quoniam vult prædicata, quæ ſumpta ſunt in de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1591"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finitione noſtra, eſſe poſteriora & effecta, & tamen idem ipſe genus idem attributorum, quinimo <lb></lb>ipſamet prædicata in ſua definitione poſtmodum vſurpauit. </s> <s>Quare etiam eodem vitio laborat <lb></lb>eius definitio, ſeu potius oratio; ne caſſum quiddam, & inani vocis ſono decoratum dicam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tum etiam quòd vita quam ipſe ſuæ definitioni adhibuit, eſt opus quoddam, quod cùm motu <lb></lb>conferebatur ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ita ipſe facit, quemadmodum is qui ignim igni apponit, Ariſto<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1592"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>telicis alia multa adiungens, vt ipſe putat, à definitione abhorrentia. </s> <s>Deinde contra regulas ana<lb></lb>lyticas; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>in ſua definitione repetit idem fruſtra; nanque eſſe facultatem efformatricem, per <lb></lb>corpora penetrantem, & gubernatricem: nil eſt aliud profectò, quàm eſſe principium motus & <lb></lb>ſtatus eius in quo ineſt primò, dum ſic accipiatur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> nos expoſuimus; aut aliud cer<lb></lb>tè cauſſę genus eſt à natura illa quam nunc indagamus, vt ea vis de qua diſſertum eſt 2. de ortu <lb></lb>anim. quæ facit, vt fœcunda ſint ſemina, quam medici formatricem vocant. </s> <s>Peccat tertiò con<lb></lb>tra philoſophiam eò quòd vita proficiſcitur ab anima quæ item ipſa diſtinguitur à natura. </s> <s>Huc <lb></lb>accedit, quòd natura eſt principium motus, vita verò, vt ipſe docet 5. primæ philoſ. </s> <s>eſt accidens <lb></lb>animæ. </s> <s>Quin etiam natura principium eſt abſolutè. </s> <s>quamobrem in ſerie decem generum nihil <pb pagenum="234"></pb>habet ſeipſa prius. </s> <s>falsò ergo tanquam priora aſſumuntur ea prędicata ad illius eſſentiam expli<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1593"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>candam. </s> <s>Et certè mirum ni ſummæ negligentiæ, ne dixerim inſcitiæ, iure ſit accuſandus Ariſto<lb></lb>teles, qui non ſemel <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> definiens & phyſicè & metaphyſicè, ne per tranſennam quidem hu<lb></lb>iuſmodi prædicata ſignificauerit. </s> <s>Ideò magis ad veritatem accedunt ij qui dicunt naturam, <lb></lb>non niſi per effecta definiri poſſe, ſiquidem ipſa ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>: nec quicquam in ſuo genere ſeipſa <lb></lb>prius habeat, vt id quod <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> abſurdum oppoſuit Philoponus, pro neceſſario ſit habendum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed neque hi prorſus quæſtioni ſatisfaciunt multas ob cauſſas: tum quia non diſtinguunt de <lb></lb>conſideratione principij quæ duplex eſſe poteſt, vel ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vel ſecundùm materiam: <lb></lb>cùm tamen in vtriuſque definitione magnum diſcrimen intercedat. </s> <s>& ſi ſecundùm materiam ſpe<lb></lb>ctetur, nullo pacto queat fortaſſe definiri. </s> <s>nihil enim ipſo prius eſt, per quod definiri poſsit. </s> <s>tum <lb></lb>prætereà, quia conſideratio principiorum ad eam methodum pertinet in qua ſunt principia: er<lb></lb>go quatenus huiuſmodi, non poterunt vberius in alia pertractari. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ibi optimè explicabun<lb></lb>tur; ita vt ibidem eorum eſſentia patefiat. </s> <s>Quare neſcio quidem vtrum'ne notitia ab effectis, <lb></lb>cùm incerta ſit, & rudis, ſatisfacere poſsit. </s> <s>Ob eam igitur cauſſam cenſeo notitiam principiorum <lb></lb>è duabus partibus eſſe conflatam: <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan>: quidem quę formalis eſt, quia tractatur vt principium; <lb></lb><expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> verò quæ eſt materialis, quia ſumitur vt id cui tribuitur eſſe principium. </s> <s>ita & natura con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1594"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtat è gemina ratione, ac <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> quidem prorſus aimus in habitudine poſitam eſſe: ſiquidem prin<lb></lb>cipij ratio manet in eo, quòd ſit alicuius, vel aliquorum. </s> <s>tolle hæc; iam ipſius principij naturam <lb></lb>ſuſtuleris, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> alteram verò penitus abſolutam eſſe dicimus, quandò etiam, omne prius ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1595"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturam à poſteriore ſeiungi poteſt. </s> <s>ſed tamen eiuſmodi cognitionem neque definitioni, neque <lb></lb>demonſtrationi, neque omnino cuipiam methodo obnoxiam eſſe puto, & eſto quòd ſit metho<lb></lb>di; communior illa futura ſit, quàm naturalis: ſed de his anteà multa. </s> <s>Quanquam anceps ſum, <lb></lb>an'ne abſoluta illa conſideratio ad materiam <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>pertineat ex eo, quod ſit hæc habitudo <lb></lb>ad id quod fit ex ipſis; quod, cùm ſit veluti poſterius, aliquo modo poſsint ab eo mente ſeuoca<lb></lb>ri, ſed tamen id in hac methodo præſtari non poſſe conſtantiſsimè defendo, qui item in Ariſtote<lb></lb>lico progreſſu obſeruem, illas etiam ſubſtantias quæ ab omni materia liberæ ſunt, cum habitudi<lb></lb>ne iſta tractari. </s> <s>Nam Deus 8. Phyſ. ſpectatur vt motor, & 12. Met. vt amabile, & mente conci<lb></lb>piendum. </s> <s>At motor reſpicit mobile, amabile verò & id quod intelligitur amans & intelligens. <lb></lb></s> <s>ac ſiquid de illius operatione propria ſubiugitur & <expan abbr="intelligẽtia">intelligentia</expan> <expan abbr="mentiũ">mentium</expan> beatarum; id <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="tranſlatũ">tranſlatum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit à nobis ad ipſas, vt in nobis ipſis <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> <expan abbr="contẽplemur">contemplemur</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde propter nos ipſos qui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1596"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus ignota eſt natura <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan>, neceſſe è illa ex effectis euoluere, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> purè <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed cum habitudine ipſa ſpectare. </s> <s>Sic fit, vt propter humanum captum cum habitudine prin<lb></lb>cipiorum diffinitio tradatur. </s> <s>Sed quoniam, illa habitudo terminatur poſterioribus, ſic accidit, <lb></lb>vt definitio principiorum per poſteriora ſit aſsignanda; at non quà poſteriora ſunt & effecta: <lb></lb>ſed quà referuntur ad principia, quæ ſub hac ratione videntur eſſe ſimul natura, ſaltem accepta <lb></lb>ſecundùm formam. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt in ipſis principiorum vis eluceat optimè. </s> <s>nam talis eſt eorum <lb></lb>facultas quæ ſeſe viciſsim reſpiciunt, quę non modò inter ſe perpetuò comitantur, ſed vnum eſt <lb></lb>alterius eſſentia, vtrunque vtriuſque. </s> <s>Nec quiſquam ſic fatuus erit, opinor, qui ſeruum domi<lb></lb>no accidere putet. </s> <s>ita forma per compoſitum definitur, neque ob id ea eſt definitio tanquam ac<lb></lb>cidentis, & vt fertur, per additamentum, atque hanc definiendi formulam, in ſcriptis Ariſtoteli<lb></lb>cis obſeruamus eſſe frequentiſsimam, non vtique exactam fateor, ſed eiuſmodi tamen, vt vi na<lb></lb>turæ ſatisfaciat, & ingenio methodi, <expan abbr="captuiq́">captuique</expan>. </s> <s>noſtro conſulat. </s> <s>Neque verò eſt, quòd integram <lb></lb>& abſolutam, rerum omnium definitionem expectes, ſed qualem ipſarum natura patitur, nam <lb></lb>ſicuti res vniuſmodi non ſunt, ita neque definitiones omnium pares ſunt requirendæ, vt exacta <lb></lb>definitio, non ſimpliciter, ſed pro ratione cuiuſque rei definiendæ conſtituenda ſit: tunc enim ſa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1597"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis exacta reputabitur, ſi rem ponet nobis ante oculos, quemadmodum ipſa tolerabit. </s> <s>Itaque, <lb></lb>cùm res ſint aut abſolutè, ſicuti ſubſtantiæ compoſitæ, & vltimæ ſpecies in eo prædicamento, aut <lb></lb>ex aliquo aptæ, veluti ea quæ ſunt in ſubiecto, aut etiam principia. </s> <s>hæc verò aut ſecundùm ma<lb></lb>teriam accipiantur, aut ſecundùm formam: ac ſecundùm materiam methodum ſubterfugiant, <lb></lb>aut ſaltem hanc noſtram: ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> verò notionem contineant habitudinis, fit vt triplex <lb></lb>definitionum genus reperiatur. </s> <s>primum quidem per genus & differentias, quod illius eſt ſpeciei <lb></lb>quæ continetur in genere ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>ſecundùm per id quod eſt extra rei definiendæ genus, nimi<lb></lb>rùm per <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan>: eſt verò accidentium, idcirco <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ πρόσθεσιν</foreign>, hoc eſt, per additamentum <lb></lb>vocatur. </s> <s>tertium genus eſt, cùm ſeſe mutuo definiunt, ea verò ſunt quæ ſeſe viciſsim reſpiciunt, <lb></lb>ad quæ referimus ipſa principia, quæ quidem ſi formaliter accipiantur, tametſi per poſteriora de<lb></lb>finiuntur, attamen eorum definitio conſtat tanquam ex iis quæ ſint natura ſimul. </s> <s>cùm cętero<lb></lb>quin ea quæ pendent ex principiis materialiter ſumpta, ſint natura poſteriora, ſed cùm formali<lb></lb>ter accipiantur, quatenus huiuſmodi, ſunt certè ratione, & natura ſimul; ideò principia per illa <lb></lb>per quàm optimè definiuntur. </s> <s>Non me latet etiam numerari quartum genus definitionis, quod <pb pagenum="235"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1598"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per poſteriora traditur, hoc verò, proprio nomine <foreign lang="grc">ὑπογραφὴ</foreign>, ideſt, deſcriptio nuncupatur, ſed <lb></lb>vtrum'ne accommodetur id definitionum genus ad explicanda ipſa principia, an ea potius quæ <lb></lb>manant ex principiis, non facile conſtituerim: quandò, quatenus ſeſe reſpicientia viciſsim ita <lb></lb>explicantur, vt nil amplius ad eorum perſpicuitatem deſideretur: at nomen deſcriptionis, vim <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> imperfectionis præſefert, vt non explicata adamuſsim deſcriptione res, ſed potius adum<lb></lb>brata videatur. </s> <s>ob eam igitur cauſſam, ad ea transferrem hanc definiendi formulam quæ aliam <lb></lb>habent definitionem per quam optimè explicari poſsint. </s> <s>Omnino ea quæ per genus & diffe<lb></lb>rentias traditur; huiuſmodi verò ſolius ſpeciei ſpecialiſsimę eſt in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, eſt <lb></lb>abſolutiſsima; reliquę, tantùm pro ratione rei quæ definitur, non autem iuxta definitionum <lb></lb>gradus exquiſitæ ſunt. </s> <s>nam definitio prima videtur eſſe rei quæ per ſe ſubſiſtit, huiuſmodi au<lb></lb>tem ſpecies eſt vltima ſubſtantiæ; hæc enim ſola terminos habet non aliunde petitos, qui per dif<lb></lb>ferentias vltimas explicantur. </s> <s>initia cognoſcuntur in iis quorum initia ſunt, in quibus etiam ob <lb></lb>ſimplicitatem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> cognoſcuntur ſimul quòd & quid ſint, quæ tamen oratio, etſi nobis aperit na<lb></lb>turam principij, non tamen in optimo definitionum genere collocatur. </s> <s>Nam certè ſi nobis id li<lb></lb>ceret, præſtantior ea cognitio foret, qua principia ab omni habitudine abſoluta perciperentur: <lb></lb>at quo ad nos, nil certius equidem ſuppetit: ideò & pro rei natura exponenda, & pro ratione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1599"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>noſtri, ſi non omnibus numeris eſt perfecta; at vt neceſſariò talis eſſe debeat, nec alia poſsit af<lb></lb>ferri. </s> <s>Quamobrem, tantùm abeſt, vt ea iure notari poſsit, vt in hoc genere optima ſit habenda.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1590"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1591"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1592"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 1. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. de cęlo <lb></lb>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1593"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1594"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1595"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1596"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1597"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1598"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1599"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aduerſus Auicennam, quòd certa ſit naturæ definitio poſita 2. Phyſ. Cap. </s> <s>III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CERTA'NE verò ſit explicatio naturæ quæ ab Ariſtotele 2. Phyſ. allata eſt, an'ne alibi, ſiue <lb></lb>in naturali methodo, ſiue in alia plenior habeatur, animaduerſum eſt ab Auerroë: nanque <lb></lb>ſtatuit hanc definitionem exactiſsimam eſſe, ita vt nuſquam locorum alia maior eius explicatio <lb></lb>reperiatur. </s> <s>In quo notare viſus eſt Auicennam qui naturam ignotam eſſe putarit, & latêre; tum, <lb></lb>quòd ſit, tum etiam quid ſit: <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe concludi à primo philoſopho. </s> <s>phyſicum verò illius no<lb></lb>titiam ab eo quaſi inferiorem & ſubalternum à ſuperiore & ſubalternante deſumere; de quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>aliqua ab Auerroë dicta ſunt. </s> <s>Quamobrem duo ſunt quæ ab Auerroë notantur ex Auicenna; <lb></lb>alterum quidem, quòd definitio naturæ non colligatur è 2. phyſ. </s> <s>atque alterum, quòd neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>nobis notum ſit eſſe naturam. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò antequàm ad ſtatum cauſſæ veniamus, diſſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1600"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſio inter <expan abbr="Arabũ">Arabum</expan> proceres indicanda eſt; tùm deinde diſcrepantia inter loca quædam ipſius Auer<lb></lb>rois. </s> <s>nanque tribuit ipſe Auicennæ, quòd de naturæ definitione diſputauerit, an in hoc ipſo lo<lb></lb>co notuerit, cùm de naturæ definitione nihil omninò habeamus apud Auicennam, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum conſtat primo ſuæ Met. ſed, de eo ſolùm, quòd ſit natura, contra <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> diſſeruerit, atque <lb></lb>riſerit Ariſtotelem alios <expan abbr="illudentẽ">illudentem</expan>, quia naturam eſſe demonſtrare conentur, cùm ipſa neque per <lb></lb>ſe nota ſit, neque item principij vim obtineat in philoſophia naturali. </s> <s>Inter loca autem Auer<lb></lb>rois eſt repugnantia atque varietas: quoniam 2. Phyſ. propter definitionem, citat Auicennam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quinto verò Met. propter alteram quæſtionem qua, quòd natura ſit, exploratur. </s> <s>Vnde Ludoui<lb></lb>cus Buccaferrea <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> accipiebat ea verba quæ 2. Phyſ. ſcripta ſunt, non <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> ad naturæ definitio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1601"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem pertinerent, ſed ad alteram illam propoſitionem qua naturam eſſe aſſereretur: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>c. 3. <lb></lb>vbi legitur: <emph type="italics"></emph>& iſta definitio naturæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: corrigebat ipſe <emph type="italics"></emph>propoſitio<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Veruntamen, quid ſit de Auicen<lb></lb>næ ſententia non ſatis conſtat: ſed Auerroëm de definitione naturæ verba facere, & contra Aui<lb></lb>cennam de illa diſſerere, ſatis indicant ea quæ ibi ſubſequuntur. </s> <s>Aggrediamur ergo hanc ipſam <lb></lb>quæſtionem cum qua etiam altera abſoluetur, cùm rationes quibus Auicenna vſus eſt ad pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1602"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bandum, quòd eſſet natura, ad alteram quæſtionem ab Auerroë tralatæ fuerint. </s> <s>Putauit igitur <lb></lb>ipſe, ſi credimus Auerroi: naturæ definitionem in 2. lib. allatam, non eſſe ſatis perſpicuam, ac<lb></lb>certiorem poſtulare explicationem quæ aliis locis habeatur. </s> <s>Conatus autem eſt probare propo<lb></lb>ſitum Auerroë teſte tribus argumentis. </s> <s>Primò quidem ſi perſpicuus foret, naturam eſſe princi<lb></lb>pium motus, quæ illius eſt definitio, perſpicuum quoque foret, corpora natura conſtantia obti<lb></lb>nere motorem. </s> <s>non eſt autem id perſpicuum, quandò etiam demonſtrabitur 8. Phyſ. Ergo neque <lb></lb>perſpicuum eſt, <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus. </s> <s>Deinde, quęritur de corporibus ſimplicibus, vtrùm <lb></lb>habeant motorem nec'ne, & deinceps, vtrùm habeant principium motus an non, & tamen ea <lb></lb>naturam habere manifeſtum eſt, nec ab vllo dubitatur: ita vt facilè intelligas, quia natura & <lb></lb>principium motus eiſdem attributis non potiantur, eadem omnino non eſſe. </s> <s>Tertiò philoſo<lb></lb>phus docet, elementa habere grauitatem & leuitatem: & quoniam hæc ſunt principia motus, <lb></lb>docet ſimul ea principium motus habere, nec tamen quòd in illis ſit natura dubitandum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Colligit demum corollarium è concluſis. </s> <s>Si natura quò ad vtranque quæſtionem, & quòd & <lb></lb>quid ſit, demonſtrationi ſubiiciatur, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> nullo pacto <expan abbr="conſtituendã">conſtituendam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="ſciẽtię">ſcientię</expan> naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Oppoſitum decreuit Auerroës, & cùm duę quæſtiones de re quapiam ſimplici poſsint excitari, <pb pagenum="236"></pb>quòd, & quid ipſa ſit; <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> de natura proponendam non eſſe cum Ariſtotele teſtatur. </s> <s>alteram <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1603"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſatis expeditam putat 2. Phyſ. vt nihil eius ſolutione certius eſſe poſsit, ac ſiquis obiiciat, etiam <lb></lb>primùm philoſophum de natura diſputare, neque item ab eius munere alienam eſſe talem con<lb></lb>templationem, eò quòd primus philoſophus diſſerere poteſt de principiis omnium ſcientiarum, <lb></lb>reſpondet ibidem ad primam obiectionem, eam ſpeculationem in illa methodo magis eſſe com<lb></lb>munem, quàm in naturali. </s> <s>Ad alteram dubitationem vtrobique, quòd ſiquis neget eſſe naturam; <lb></lb>aut eius definitionem; tum negantis gratia, non quidem ſimpliciter, primus philoſophus fuſci<lb></lb>piet onus diſputandi contra ipſum. </s> <s>Quare non erit ea demonſtratio ſimpliciter, ſed quemad<lb></lb>modum aiunt dialectici, redargutio, atque id optimè, quandoquidem omne, quod per ſe perſpi<lb></lb>cuum eſt, vbique tale eſt, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>indemonſtrabile, neque primò etiam philoſopho ſuppetet alia <lb></lb>via qua demonſtret eſſe naturam, & quid ipſa ſit, quàm ea qua inſtitit philoſophus naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quo fit, vt cùm hæc eadem pręſtiterit philoſophus naturalis; vſurpetur à primo philoſopho. </s> <s>fru<lb></lb>ſtra etenim ipſe aggrediatur id quod alibi perfectum fuerit, patuit autem, eſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> inductio<lb></lb>ne facta in rebus naturalibus, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> ita, vt nihil prætereà ad quæſtionem de natura abſoluendam <lb></lb>requiratur: aliter incideremus in eorum errorem, qui notati ſunt ab Ariſtotele, quòd ob impe<lb></lb>ritiam analyticorum planiſsima demonſtrare tentarent, & ea ſeparare neſcirent quę ſine demon<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1604"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtratione accipienda forent, ab iis quæ per demonſtrationem cognoſcerentur. </s> <s>neque enim aliter <lb></lb>ipſis euenire, vel etiam Ariſtotele auctore, atque iis qui ſolem per lychnum oſtendere conaren<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>ita enim ſunt euidentia, cùm primùm menti ſeſe offerunt, vt per ſe ipſa & cognoſcantur, & <lb></lb>certiſsima fides illis habeatur: quin ita ſunt in aperto, vt in ipſis cętera quæ ſunt ex ipſis, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>ſimulachrum in tabella depictum, adſpiciamus. </s> <s>Idcirco mens noſtra frequentiſsimè cogitur vti <lb></lb>gyro illo rationis quem circulum Græci, Latini autem regreſſum vocant. </s> <s>Nec fieri poteſt, vt ad <lb></lb>omnia demonſtratio queat afferri, quemadmodum cenſuit perperam Anaxarchus. </s> <s>Idcirco iu<lb></lb>bet philoſophus, ſi certamen ſit nobis ineundum cum huiuſmodi viris, quia nihil ſuccurrit aper<lb></lb>tius quod afferamus ad concludendum propoſitum, vt redargutione vtamur, cui facillimè red<lb></lb>duntur obnoxij, modò aliquid dicant. </s> <s>Mitto quòd quicunque rerum naturalium ſcientiam ag<lb></lb>greditur, iam animo concepit eſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, à qua res naturales appellentur, nec quicquam prope<lb></lb>modum notius, vt antiquiores philoſophantes omnia naturam eſſe, ac prætereà nihil autuma<lb></lb>rint. </s> <s>Ita ergo naturam eſſe manifeſtum eſt, vt in hoc argumentis confirmando nulla methodi vl<lb></lb>lius diligentia requiratur. </s> <s>Quòd autem ex cauſsis demonſtrari poſsit ne vlla quidem ſuſpicio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1605"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nos tentare debet, iam enim præiudicium de ipſa, tanquam de principio, factum eſt, cui nulla <lb></lb>talis demonſtratio poteſt adhiberi: ita igitur vacat omni demonſtrationis genere, <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>indu<lb></lb>ctione contenta eſt. </s> <s>Non me latet ab Abumazar & Auerroë diſputatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="q.">que</expan> log. 14. demon<lb></lb>ſtrari ne poſsit eſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quæ ſimplex eſt quæſtio, ſit'ne natura, & vt mea fert ſententia, ab vtro<lb></lb>que auctore <expan abbr="cõſtitutum">conſtitutum</expan> eſt poſſe concludi: quanquam in eo diſſentirent, quòd exiſtimauit Abu<lb></lb>mazar definitionem ipſam, quà definitio ſit, poſſe concludi, in hoc rectius Auerroës, quòd ex <lb></lb>argumento exprimatur ſolùm. </s> <s>Sic verò ſtrui ſyllogiſmum his acceptis quòd naturæ ipſius no<lb></lb>men ſignificet manifeſtè principium quo res mouentur, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> item principium, quo res ſunt, tum <lb></lb>effici propoſitum hoc pacto. </s> <s>Corpora habent principium quo mouentur. </s> <s>Ergo corporibus <lb></lb>ineſt principium quo mouentur, id verò eſt natura. </s> <s>Quapropter eſt natura. </s> <s>Atque ita recepit <lb></lb>hoc genus demonſtrationis Auerroës, vt teſtaretur, ſi medium eſſet notum quòd eſſet, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>vt <lb></lb>cauſſa; prædicatum verò ignotum, quòd id optimè ſuccedere poſſet. </s> <s>At verò nec ſimplicium <lb></lb>quia ſimplicia ſunt, ſyllogiſmum, nedum demonſtrationem ſtrui poſſe arbitror, vt rectè nos do<lb></lb>cuit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> hypothetico quodam confici in quo ratio neceſsitatis appareat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1606"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1607"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duntaxat. </s> <s>Quanquam neque etiam ſi ita demonſtraretur eſſe naturam, vt ipſi dicunt, quęſitum <lb></lb>ſimplex eſſe reor. </s> <s>oſtenditur enim tale principium non eſſe ſimpliciter, ſed in corporibus qui<lb></lb>buſdam, quod idem valet àc ſi dicamus eſſe corpora quædam quæ principium motus intra ſe ha<lb></lb>bent, & ob id naturalia vocantur, in quo ſanè accipitur, Naturam eſſe principium motus illius, & <lb></lb>reliqua in illis inſunt quę nuper expoſuimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1600"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1601"></margin.target>a T. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1602"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1603"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1604"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1605"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1606"></margin.target>a 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1607"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua aduerſus ea quę decreta ſunt, de naturæ declaratione dubitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò conſtitutum eſt anteà <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> à priori non poſſe demonſtrari, quia prin<lb></lb>cipium eſt, nec quicquam habet quod ſit natura prius, non videtur id prorſus eſſe vacuum <lb></lb>difficultate manentibus etiam intra Peripateticę philoſophiæ cancellos; nanque & ipſa prius ali<lb></lb>quid eſt, & ab ipſomet Ariſtotele nonnunquam vſurpatur. </s> <s>etenim ex eo quòd eſt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> primum, <lb></lb>ſine quo reliqua non bene diſponuntur, etiam cętera quodam ordine ab ipſo pendere, & propter <lb></lb>ipſum eſſe concluditur: in his verò cęlum & natura numerantur. </s> <s>ab hoc enim principio quod <lb></lb>Deus eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">πᾶσα ἤρτηται ἡ φύσις καὶ ὁ οὐνος</foreign>. </s> <s>Tum ſecundò, quoniam dicimus geminam eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1608"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="237"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1609"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cognitionem eius quod eſt, cùm per accidens, hęc autem eſt per ſenſum; tum per ſe, quæ iam per <lb></lb>cauſſam, & definitionem comparatur. </s> <s>Itaque ſi definitio naturæ tradita eſt, qua quid ipſa ſit ex<lb></lb>ponitur, altera item quæſtio continuò videtur abſolui: ſic per eius definitionem cognoſcetur eſ<lb></lb>ſe naturam, quòd ſi progreſſus à cauſſa demonſtratiuus eſt; etiam ad probandum, quòd natura <lb></lb>ſit, demonſtratio ſuppeditare videtur. </s> <s>Ad primam ſanè quæſtionem logicè fortaſſe reſpondere <lb></lb>liceat: ſiquidem progreſſus ex cauſsis eſt duplex, aut demonſtratiuus, aut logicus: ille quidem <lb></lb>primus eam habet vim, vt omnia complectatur quę pertineant ad cognoſcendum, cur res ipſa ſit <lb></lb>per ſe, & quoniam demonſtratio demum reſoluitur in definitionem, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ipſa ſubminiſtrat præ<lb></lb>dicata quæ pertineant ad quid eſt, veruntamen ea ſolius eſt accidentis, nec vllo pacto <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>attingit, quemadmodum ſignificauit nobis optimè Alexander. </s> <s>alter autem ille progreſſus ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nuncupatus eſt ſyllogiſmus logicus ipſius quid eſt, quo docebat <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> cauſſam oſten<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1610"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di poſſe per aliam, qui quidem ita vocatus eſſe videtur, quia proficiſcatur ex veris ſanè, ſed com<lb></lb>munibus, ſi non, quia plura contineant: at quia cum tota rei ſubſtantia non adęquentur: at hic <lb></lb>etiam quoquo pacto pertinere videtur ad ſubſtantiam, quare dicet fortaſſe quiſpiam: <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> <lb></lb>illam, quòd natura ſit, vtique à <expan abbr="demõſtratione">demonſtratione</expan> abhorrere, eum verò qui ab Ariſtotele fuerit vſur<lb></lb>patus, eſſe logicum ſyllogiſmum. </s> <s>At verò quoniam approbo in hoc Alexandrum ex ipſomet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1611"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtotele <expan abbr="teſtantẽ">teſtantem</expan> ad quęſtioneis ſimpliceis nullum prorſus adhiberi ſyllogiſmum, & id negan<lb></lb>dum puto, quòd ad concludendum quòd natura ſit, logicus ſyllogiſmus fuerit vſurpatus, atque <lb></lb>id etiam, quòd cauſſæ ſyllogiſmo logico concludantur: ſed cauſſam è gemina ratione conſtare <lb></lb>cenſeo, altera quidem quæ res ipſa ſit, quæ vim habeat, vt ſic dixerim, efficiendi: altera verò quæ <lb></lb>contineat attributum, cuius ſit notio, vel communis ipſius cauſſæ, vel cuiuſque generis propria <lb></lb>in hoc autem progreſſu non inferri id quod pertineat ad ſubſtantiam, ſed cauſſæ attributum, vt<lb></lb>puta, ſi concludamus, quia ſit enſis, fore neceſſario ferrum; non ex eo concludatur, ferrum eſſe <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſed ipſum eſſe cauſſam quampiam enſis, vel ex quo fiat enſis, & eius denique mate<lb></lb>ria, & ſemper cum habitudine ad id cuius eſt cauſſa. </s> <s>Idcirco nobis alia ratio diſſoluendi nodum <lb></lb>hunc excogitanda eſt. </s> <s>Puto verò altero ex his modis euerti poſſe difficultatem, vèl quòd, neque <lb></lb>in phyſica noſtra, neque vlla methodo omnino natura, quia ſit abſolutè principium, vllo pacto <lb></lb>demonſtrationi ſubiicienda ſit, vel quòd oſtendatur de illa modus quo fungitur officio ſuo qui <lb></lb>duplex eſt, vel vt conſtituit ſubſtantiam compoſiti, vel vt præſtat in eo propria munera. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> in <lb></lb>phyſica & prima philoſophia confici. </s> <s>Nam quanuis prior ipſa ſit cùm efficiens cauſſa, tum fi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1612"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nis: at non huiuſmodi ſunt abſolutè, neque vt ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Nam ſecundùm ſubſtantiam idem <lb></lb>ſunt finis, efficiens, & natura, ſi fuerint in materia, quòd ſi quatenus <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> efficiendi pertinet, <lb></lb>id eſt, fungendi officio cauſſæ generatim, illę ſint priores: iam non ſpectat id amplius ad oſten<lb></lb>ſionem ſubſtantiæ, ſed attributi; & eſt quæſtio <expan abbr="cõplexa">complexa</expan>, non ſimplex. </s> <s>ſi verò fuerint illæ cauſſæ ab <lb></lb>omni materia ſecretæ, ſunt planè natura priores: attamen neque aliter eas tractari puto, quàm <lb></lb>in phyſicis, vt dant eſſe <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, & ſunt cauſſę, cur officio ſuo fungantur. </s> <s>Solùm magis vniuer<lb></lb>ſalis erit conſideratio primi philoſophi. </s> <s>Nam verebitur fortaſſe quiſpiam primum <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan>, <lb></lb>quia ſpectet id quod eſt, quatenus eſt, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> demonſtrare poſſe naturam eſſe. </s> <s>Sed neque id atten<lb></lb>taſſe puto <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> philoſophum; verùm oſtendiſſe quæſtionem <expan abbr="cõplexam">complexam</expan>, quæ contineret habi<lb></lb>tudinem ipſius naturæ ad cauſſam primam. </s> <s>ſic igitur nullo pacto naturam eſſe demonſtrabitur, <lb></lb>neque id à primo philoſopho requiritur, ſed & ipſe ſemper cauſſas ſpectat ad compoſitum, <expan abbr="itaq;">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>notitia quòd ſint in <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> potiſsimè expetit, & retundat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ipſe quoque naturę <lb></lb>interpres Ariſtoteles 3. Eth. nos admonuit c. 3. Secundam verò quæſtionem confirmauit Simpli<lb></lb>cius, & exiſtimauit ea quę de huiuſmodi quęſtione notata fuerint ab Ariſtotele, non abſolutè, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1613"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contractè fore accipienda. </s> <s>quaſi dictum ſit. </s> <s>poſtquàm naturæ definitio tradita eſt, ita noteſcit in <lb></lb>ea, quòd ſit natura, vt fruſtra rationes ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæſtionem afferantur. </s> <s>Sed mihi cumulatè non <lb></lb>ſatisfacit hæc expoſitio, quòd reddens Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, cur hoc demonſtrandum non ſit, non <lb></lb>ita dicit, quia planè ex ſua definitione noſcatur, ſed quòd ſit per ſe notum, quemadmodum alia <lb></lb>multa, quibus ad aliorum oſtenſionem vtimur. </s> <s>Quò fit, vt credam naturam ſatis notuiſſe nobis <lb></lb>ante illam <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>, neque alio auxilio indiguiſſe, vt noſceretur, quòd eſſet. </s> <s>Itaque mihi non <lb></lb>videtur eadem eſſe ratio notitię in iis quę cauſſas habent, & in cauſsis ipſis. </s> <s>Nam quæ cauſſas ha<lb></lb>bent, aliquid ſunt pręter cauſſas, aliquid adiicientia ſuis cauſsis, & eſſentiæ propriæ, nimirùm <lb></lb>conditiones materiæ ſenſilis & ſingularis. </s> <s>quapropter in illis aliud eſt eſſe quod ſenſui ſeſe offert, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> id quod fluit ab eſſentia. </s> <s>Quamobrem geminę cognitioni obnoxia ſunt effecta, alteri qui<lb></lb>dem quę per ſenſum eſt, atque alteri quę per <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>; at cauſſas ſic eſſe cognoſcitur, vt eodem mo<lb></lb>do cognoſcantur per ſenſum eſſe, ſicut per definitionem, quia ſic cognoſcuntur in effectis, quòd <lb></lb>ſunt, & per effecta quoque definiuntur. </s> <s>At effecta cognoſcuntur quòd ſunt in materia ſenſili, & <lb></lb>definiuntur per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. </s> <s>Itaque <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt idem eſſe quod per ſenſum cognoſcitur, & per <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>, <lb></lb>Sic ea definitio quæ tribuitur cauſsis ſolùm exponit & euoluit <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>: nihil autem ad id quòd <pb pagenum="238"></pb>ſint, conducit; quia per eadem abſoluitur vtraque cognitio. </s> <s>Nanque in rebus naturalibus noui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1614"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus eſſe principium quoddam, ſeu propenſionem ad motu, vnde naturalia dicantur. </s> <s>& hanc per<lb></lb>ſpicimus eſſe naturæ <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>, nec igitur quòd natura ſit, ex eius definitione colligitur, ſed ex <lb></lb>rebus natura <expan abbr="cõſtantibus">conſtantibus</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe primùm, mox quid illa ſit. </s> <s>Nos item priore libro demonſtraui<lb></lb>mus, ita quædam eſſe perſpicua ſenſui, vt prorſus ſuperflua ſit omnis induſtria methodi in iis de<lb></lb>clarandis ea ex parte, quòd exiſtant; & tantum abeſſe, vt illorum confirmatio requiratur, vt ex il<lb></lb>lis potius demonſtrationes conſtruantur. </s> <s>Sic de natura dicendum eſt. </s> <s>Ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam non ir<lb></lb>ridendus Ariſtoteles qui ſtatuerit eum qui talem <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> colligat, non ſecus facere àc cę<lb></lb>cum ab ortu, qui velit <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> ferre de coloribus, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hic ſolum proferet voces, earum vi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per<lb></lb>cepta, carens ſenſu, & ob id phantaſia colorum (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> credendum eſt cęcum ab ortu, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ait, illorum habere notitiam, neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per doctrinam, quoniam ſine phantaſia doctrina <lb></lb>non fit, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non ſine ſenſu) ſic qui <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> demonſtrare tentabit, nihil intelliget non <expan abbr="diſcernẽs">diſcernens</expan> <lb></lb>id quod eſt per ſe <expan abbr="notũ">notum</expan>, & indemonſtrabile ab eo quod per ſe ignotum eſt, & demonſtrari poteſt, <lb></lb>nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in medio afferre poterit quod ſit ea magis perſpicuum. </s> <s>ideò nihilo magis intelliget eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & ſolùm nomina pronunciabit, & inanes vocis ſonos effutiet. </s> <s>At quid ad Auicennam <lb></lb>qui tribus <expan abbr="argumẽtis">argumentis</expan>, de quibus ſuprà meminimus, ex Auerroë, <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> demonſtrare conatus eſt? <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1615"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ad eas rationeis; etiam ſi in altera quæſtione vſurpatę fuerint ab Auerroë, quia tamen idem ſolu<lb></lb>tionis modus ad vtranque <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan> poteſt; cum Aueroë ſic reſpondebimus. </s> <s>Cùm enim obii<lb></lb>ceretur; in philoſophia naturali quæri an ſit principium motus, non latêre autem eſſe naturam; <lb></lb>cum in corporibus naturalibus generatim, tum in ſimplicibus grauitatem & leuitatem, atque <lb></lb>hæc ineſſe concludi: dicebat ipſe, non abſolutè quæri an habeant principium motus nec'ne: ac<lb></lb>cipi enim; ſed illud quęri, quemadmodum ſe habeat hoc principium in rebus natura conſtanti<lb></lb>bus, vtrùm ſcilicet in qualibet earum parte ſit principium duplex, id quod mouet, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> id quod <lb></lb>mouetur, an mouens principium à mobili reipſa ſeparatum ſit. </s> <s>Atque item vtrùm motus ex ſe, <lb></lb>ab vno principio duntaxat obeatur, nempe materia, an etiam requiratur aliud principium quod <lb></lb>eò perducat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quò vergit ſuapte natura; & an eiuſmodi principium ſit grauitas ac leuitas. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo demum concludit, ex 2. Phyſ. abundè noteſcere quòd ſit, & quid ſit in natura, ita enim <lb></lb>arbitror exponendum id quod ipſe inquit. </s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Hîc<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> quod tamen in eum ſenſum accipiendum eſt, vt <lb></lb>intelligamus in definitione naturæ omnia virtute contineri, quæ faciunt ad conſtituendam natu<lb></lb>ram. </s> <s>Nam multa poſteà ab Ariſtotele fuerant afferenda per quæ natura magis aperiretur, vt pu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1616"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ta, ea omnia quæ de motu traduntur. </s> <s>ſiquidem eo ignorato contingat etiam ignorari naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque id rarò fit apud eos præſertim, qui methodo definitiua vtuntur. </s> <s>Nam poſtquàm fuerit <lb></lb>allata definitio, multa ſubiiciuntur quæ faciunt ad optimè tenendam præpoſitam definitionem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Niſi <emph type="italics"></emph>Hîc<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ipſe velit in methodo naturali, nanque Auicenna transferebat ad primam philoſo<lb></lb>phiam eiuſmodi quæſtioneis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1608"></margin.target>b 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1609"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1610"></margin.target>a 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1611"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1612"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1613"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1614"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1615"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1616"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm definitio naturæ conueniat aliis quę non ſunt natura, an eius propria ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSSIT etiam ſuſpicari quiſpiam, naturæ definitionem pertinere quoque ad motuum non <lb></lb>naturalium cauſſas, quandò & animalem motum complecti videtur: quoniam à principio <lb></lb>intrinſeco excitatur, atque ſedatur. </s> <s>& tamen perſpicuum eſt eum fieri ab animo, qui diſtat ad<lb></lb>modum à natura. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà quia reperitur quoddam genus artium quas practicas vocant, <lb></lb>quòd artificium ſolummodò inter <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> ſpectetur, neque poſt actionem <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> relinquatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ob id ſedulò aduertendum, an'ne ipſius naturæ definitio cum ea quæ definitur natura, commeet <lb></lb>& reciprocetur, neque enim & id à principiis naturalis motus indagandis alienum fuerit. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1617"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum ergo de primo eſt, ſcio controuerſiam exortam eſſe inter philoſophos. </s> <s>Vtrùm animus ſit <lb></lb>natura nec'ne, & eſſe multos qui animum naturam non eſſe opinentur. </s> <s>Sed ſi forma eſt natura, <lb></lb>animus autem eſt forma: ergo etiam idem natura ſit, neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Qui defendunt alteram partem <lb></lb>problematis, fateri <expan abbr="cogũtur">coguntur</expan> non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, eſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, verùm in quattuor aut quinque parteis <lb></lb>eam diſtribui. </s> <s>nam formæ dicuntur etiam ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ: ſunt & aliæ formæ quemadmo<lb></lb>dum omne genus animorum, tum prætereà formæ quæ ſunt natura, eſt & forma mathematica, <lb></lb>quæ vim habet explicandi ſolum quid eſt. </s> <s>vltimò eſt forma analytica, quæ eſt idem àc cauſſa. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm ſi forma eſt natura, quia per ipſam eſt id quod eſt: nanque talem rationem reddidit <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, vbi <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> cum materia comparabat, in eo quòd ſunt naturæ, & animus item eſt hu<lb></lb>iuſmodi, etiam non excludi puto animum appellatione naturæ. </s> <s>Quin etiam Ariſtoteles, inter <lb></lb>ſubſtantiis naturalibus, animalia numerauit & plantas. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Tum deinde, quoniam Ariſtoteles di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1618"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtinguebat motum animalis in eum qui totius eſt, & eum qui partium: atque eum qui totius eſt, <lb></lb>naturalem eſſe dicebat: eum verò, qui partium, non naturalem. </s> <s>quoniam ſic inter ſe aptæ ſunt <lb></lb>partes, & nexæ, vt talis differentia motus emanet, quæ conueniat illi ſubſtantiæ, tametſi partium <pb pagenum="239"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1619"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliquę præter naturam agitantur, cùm in eo motu graues attolli, leues autem ſæpiſsimè deprimi <lb></lb>contingat. </s> <s>Proinde motus animalis eſt ab animo etiam tanquam naturam. </s> <s>Ad hoc forſitan dici <lb></lb>poſſet: cęlum quoque numerari in <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiis">ſubſtantiis</expan> naturalibus, neque tamen formæ beneficio, ſed ma<lb></lb>teriæ, quia non dubitatur à Peripateticis, formam cęli non eſſe naturam. </s> <s>Sic ergo dicet aliquis, <lb></lb>animal fore <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> naturalem propter materiam, non autem propter formam. </s> <s>At verò cùm <lb></lb>diſtinguatur natura à cęteris principiis, ex certa quadam ratione efficiendi motum: hęc verò ani<lb></lb>mo communiter ineſſe queat: non video, cur animus non ſit omnino natura. </s> <s>ita enim animus <lb></lb>eſt ratio, per quam mouetur animal, ſicuti forma in elementis, ſiue ſit, vt id à quo, ſiue vt id per <lb></lb>quod mouetur, aut elementum, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> animal, aut ſimul vtroque modo, poſthac intelligetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>hîc enim refert nihil, vtromodo efficiat motum, quòd mouendi facultas fortaſſe præſtantius in<lb></lb>animo reperiatur. </s> <s>Nanque vt 2. de Animo concluſum eſt, quo aliquid agimus eſt duplex, primò <lb></lb>aut non primò, quò verò primo ideſt forma, talis autem eſt animus. </s> <s>Ita & quo mouentur cor<lb></lb>pora naturalia duplex eſt primo & non primo: hoc materiæ quidem eſt, illud formæ quæ ſunt na<lb></lb>turæ; communis igitur ratio animi & naturæ. </s> <s>Idcirco probabilius exiſtimo defendi poſſe ani<lb></lb>mum etiam in naturis eſſe reponendum; tametſi ea non eſt natura ſimpliciter, ob rationeis va<lb></lb>rias quibus efficit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & functoneis in animali. </s> <s>nam ea vis eſt naturæ, vt ad parteis æquè per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1620"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tineat atque ad totum: efficiat motum <expan abbr="vniformẽ">vniformen</expan>, & in toto ſimilem, <expan abbr="actuſq́">actuſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſui radiceis agat in <lb></lb>re mobili. </s> <s>contra: animus ſit forma totius, motus animi difformis, non idem in omnibus anima<lb></lb>lis partibus, cùm ex iis aliquę ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aliæ præter naturam moueantur, & motus om<lb></lb>nis ab alio, nempe per <expan abbr="contiguitatẽ">contiguitatem</expan> obeatur, & ab vna prima parte per inſtrumenta quędam <expan abbr="cõ-municetur">con<lb></lb>municetur</expan>. </s> <s>quamobrem appellatur hic organicus. </s> <s>Sed cùm etiam is motus ſit habentis talem <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quatenus huiuſmodi; non ſolum ab ea forma, verùm etiam ſecundùm eam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quod <lb></lb>ſanè <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> eſt illius formę quæ verè natura putatur, id quod infra certius explicabitur: ea dif<lb></lb>ferentia inter animum & naturam ſimpliciter intercedet, quòd animus ſimul erit forma, & effi<lb></lb>ciens in animali: forma autem, quę eſt natura, vnam duntaxat obtinebit rationem in illo in quo <lb></lb>eſt, non autem efficiet motum. </s> <s>Quoniam verò ibi adeſt intrinſeca inſtrumentorum ratio: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi inter ſe ordinata fuerint; ſic habent, vt poſterius ſit tanquam finis prioris, ſeu potius actio po<lb></lb>ſterioris ſit finis alterius actionis, vti dictum eſt ex 2. de ortu anim. etiam in eodem ad numerum <lb></lb>animali, <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> finis animus præſefert, qui cęteroquin in pura natura neceſſariò extrinſecùs eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attamen vti dictum eſt ſuprà: cùm accipitur animal, pro vt mouetur per <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> tali certo motu; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1621"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea eſt natura, <expan abbr="illiq́">illique</expan>. </s> <s>optimè conueniet definitio noſtra. </s> <s>Quatenus igitur animus eſt principium, <lb></lb>ſecundùm quod, eatenus eſt in animali primò. </s> <s>Nam quod opponunt aliqui eum agere per inſtru<lb></lb>menta, hoc pertinet ad ipſum, quà mouet vt efficiens: inſtrumenta <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe ad efficientia referun<lb></lb>tur, & ita erit natura principium primò & adęquatè etiam in animante: vel adęquatione pręſen<lb></lb>tiæ, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> diuiditur cum ſubiecto, vel adęquatione eſſentiæ, cùm .ſ. </s> <s>ex aliqua prima parte dat eſſe <lb></lb>ſubiecto toti, vt nulla ſit pars compoſiti, quę non conſecuta fuerit, quòd ſit ab illo principio, licet <lb></lb>cum ipſa principium non diuidatur: qualem docebimus eſſe <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan>, ſaltem in viuentibus perfe<lb></lb>ctioribus. </s> <s>Cur autem non amplectatur artem ſaltandi varia ſcribuntur ab auctoribus. </s> <s>nanque <lb></lb>ita dicebat Auerroës, artem illam eſſe cauſſam quidem actionis, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eius rei quæ acta fuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>quod ſanè in eum ſenſum arbitror accipiendum, vt poſita <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> quarundam artium quę eſt; <lb></lb>quòd ex actione tantùm conſtet, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nil ab actione relinquat. </s> <s>quod Græci, <foreign lang="grc">πράττειν</foreign> vocant, vel ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1622"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quid efficiat quod ab actione ſit ſuperſtes, quod iidem dixere <foreign lang="grc">ποιεῖν</foreign>, ſtatuat differentiam inter ar<lb></lb>teis & naturam, inter eas quidem quæ opus ab actione relinquunt, hoc, quod agunt in materia, <lb></lb>quæ ſubiecto differt, nulla in ipſo poſita propenſione, inter alios autem, quia naturæ motus ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1623"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua forma terminetur, quæ ſit permanens. </s> <s>At mihi hæc differentia non videtur ſufficere tum <lb></lb>quia non omnis motus naturalis terminatur aliquo, quod poſteà factum ſit, vt patet in motu cę<lb></lb>leſti, qui energia perennis eſt. </s> <s>Tum etiam, quia licet opus nullum reſtet ex ſaltatione; at neque <lb></lb>id continetur in definitione naturæ, nec proptereà tolleretur, quin & ars illa foret <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus intrinſecum, primò & per ſe. </s> <s>Non deſunt ergo, qui dicant ita de arte ſaltandi, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum ſolet dici de locutione, quòd ſicuti ipſa partim naturalis eſt, partim à voluntate & arte; vox <lb></lb>enim naturalis eſt, complexio vocum ex inſtituto, ſic motus factus ab arte ſaltandi, tanquam mo<lb></lb>tus ſit naturalis: ab arte verò, quod ita, aut aliter fiat. </s> <s>Sed conſidera tu ſaltationis initium: quo <lb></lb>pacto poſsit eſſe naturale, præſertim ſecundùm formam, cùm <expan abbr="plerunq;">plerunque</expan> non ſaltet animal, & ma<lb></lb>gno conatu in ſaltando opus ſit, qui mirum in modum naturæ aduerſetur. </s> <s>Proinde alio modo <lb></lb>ſe habet ſaltandi facultas in iis quę rectà procedunt, velut homines, & in his, quę ſaltando ſolum <lb></lb>mutant locum, ideò in illis erit præter naturam id quod in his eſt ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Ergo mo<lb></lb>tum illum organicum & ab animo eſſe duco, <expan abbr="nulloq́">nulloque</expan>. </s> <s>pacto fieri ab interno principio, cuiuſmodi <lb></lb>nos ſtatuimus eſſe naturam. </s> <s>Dubitatum quoque eſt de poſtrema definitionis huiuſce particula, <lb></lb>quo pacto natura ſit principium motus & quietis; cùm in quibuſdam, aut nulla quies eſſe poſsit, <pb pagenum="240"></pb>aut nullus motus, & tamen ea naturalia reputantur; manet centrum, manent poli, terra <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1624"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutat locum; cęlum & aſtra rotantur aſsiduè. </s> <s>Ob hanc igitur cauſſam dicebat Themiſtius, eas <lb></lb>voceis diuiſim, non autem coniunctim accipiendas eſſe, quaſi verò in <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> natura eſſet prin<lb></lb>cipium motus, in aliis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quietis. </s> <s>Alios etiam dicere nouimus; illam definitionem <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> prin<lb></lb>cipia rerum <expan abbr="caducarũ">caducarum</expan>, quæ ſolæ ſunt vtrique affectioni obnoxiæ. </s> <s>Verùm præterquàm quòd <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſa<lb></lb>tisfacit huiuſmodi dubitationi Themiſtius, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> multa poſſunt opponi, de quibus neutrum ex <lb></lb>his verè & propriè prædicetur, & ad omne corporum genus pertineat vtrunque coniunctim; non <lb></lb>video certè cauſſam ſatis <expan abbr="validã">validam</expan> quę me perſuadeat, res æternas, modò corporeę fuerint, ab hac <lb></lb>definitione repudiandas eſſe; tum quod ea natura quæ deſcripta eſt. 2. Phyſ. accipitur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in 8. <lb></lb>vbi Ariſtoteles initia, & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> æternorum, & quidem eorum ſententia, pertractauit. </s> <s>tum etiam <lb></lb>quòd nihil eſt, quod repugnet naturæ cęleſtis corporis in prioribus Phyſ. libris. </s> <s>præter vnum lo<lb></lb>cum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quo teſtatur Ariſtoteles initia rerum earum quæ oriuntur & intereunt. </s> <s>ibi ſe exploraſſe, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1625"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nanque ita locum explicare conuenit, vel quòd id perfecutus fuerit Ariſtoteles in hac methodo; <lb></lb>quod vbique conſectatur, vt à notioribus ordiatur, quemadmodum quoque in animantium tra<lb></lb>ctatione factitauit. </s> <s>Itaque cùm caduca & noſtratia cęleſtibus eſſent notiora, de his theoremata <lb></lb>conſtruxerit, quæ poſt modo transferrentur ad cęleſtia. </s> <s>Vel quòd ortus & interitus etiam perti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1626"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>net ad corpus cęleſte, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> is qui ſimpliciter, at ille qui eſt quodammodo, & tanquam <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> <lb></lb>quoddam, quod motus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> amplectatur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ipſe quoque Ariſtoteles accepit 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>& vberius explicauit 1. de ortu & interitu. </s> <s>Etiam poteſtas quæ eſt ad vbi, & omnia alia attri<lb></lb>buta materiæ, quanuis analogicè, accommodantur ad cęlum. </s> <s>Accipe igitur, naturam eſſe princi<lb></lb>pium motus & quietis, in ipſis ſubſtantiis corporeis, vel ex toto, vel ex parte, & per eas; <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>in rerum naturalium genere primas, definitam exiſtima naturam. </s> <s>in his enim propriè motus eſt <lb></lb>& quies; nec <expan abbr="vllũ">vllum</expan> eſt corpus naturale, quod ab vtroque <expan abbr="exẽptum">exemptum</expan> ſit, nam de cęlo ſigillatim quies <lb></lb>prædicari poteſt. </s> <s>quatenus eadem eſt re cum terminis à quo, & ad quem. </s> <s>aut quemadmodum di<lb></lb>cebat Alexander, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia non mutet locum ex toto. </s> <s>Placet etiam nonnullis in cęlo ponere quie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1627"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tem, quia permaneat ſemper in eodem motu; ſiquidem ſtatus eiuſdem conſeruatio quies eſſe vi<lb></lb>deatur. </s> <s>Neque item nonnullarum rerum naturæ credimus aduerſari immobilitatem: latè enim <lb></lb>patet hoc nomen, & ea complectitur, quæ nullo modo reſpiciunt motum, <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> actu neque habi<lb></lb>litate, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſe, neque per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, & hoc modo Deus eſt immobilis, & mathematica, quatenus <lb></lb>huiuſmodi ſunt, vel ea quæ nullo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> modo mouentur, ſed ſine illis nequit eſſe motus, vt cen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1628"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trum & poli, vel ea quæ quoquomodo motui ſubiiciuntur, ſiue quòd per accidens moueantur, <lb></lb>vt accidentia, ſeu quòd alia quapiam ratione ſubeant motum per ſe, quale nos dicimus eſſe <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm totum perpetuò maneat, partes eius continuè conuertantur: preſsius immobilitas, eſt con<lb></lb>iuncta cum habilitate ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> per ſe, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & hæc propriè dicitur quies, quæ tum eſt naturalis, cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1629"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res eſt in termino ad quem motus ille contendebat. </s> <s>Mihi ſanè magis arridet, quòd ſit in eo quies, <lb></lb>quo ad eſt in termino ad quem ex natura: poſthęc ſi quies etiam afferat aliquod genus immobi<lb></lb>litatis illud ſcilicet, quod eſt in iis quæ quomodocunque reſpiciant motum; ſiue quòd ſine illis <lb></lb>non exiſtat motus, ſeu quòd per accidens agitentur, ſiue etiam alio modo per ſe participent mo<lb></lb>tum; aliud immobilitatis genus phyſicæ methodo denegabo. </s> <s>Sed hæc hactenus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1617"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1618"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 1. <lb></lb><lb></lb>5. Met. c. <lb></lb>de Natura</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1619"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1620"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1621"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1622"></margin.target>a Magn. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mer. </s> <s>c. 34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1623"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1624"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1625"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 68.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1626"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1627"></margin.target>b 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1628"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1629"></margin.target>c 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 16.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alia quædam de naturæ ſignificatis, & eſſentia ſubſcribuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NATVRAM eſſe materiam, & præter ipſam, formam eſſe naturam, <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>potiſsimè <lb></lb>accepimus, quæ complectitur animum, & variis modis accepta finis eſt & efficiens, ita vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1630"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab ipſa, aut per ipſam ſingula quæque effecta quæ naturalia nuncupamus, ortum planè ducant, <lb></lb>& ad ipſam dirigantur, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>ſeruiant omnes motiones, quippe quę terminentur forma. </s> <s>& ipſi ma<lb></lb>teria ſubſternatur, vt exiſtat. </s> <s>Itaque non iniuria notabantur veteres ab Ariſtotele, quia princi<lb></lb>pium hoc negligerent & vniuerſa ferè materiæ caſuiúe tribuerent. </s> <s>Nanque ex hac illa exiſtunt, <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ſecundùm naturam, per hanc ea quæ habent naturam, & huius gratia reliqua natura. <lb></lb></s> <s>quocirca magis eſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quoque prędicabimus quàm materiam. </s> <s>Nam propter quod vnum<lb></lb>quodque tale eſt, illud item magis tale ſit neceſſe eſt, & quanuis aliquando decreuerit ſummus <lb></lb>præceptor exiſtere contraria propter ſubiectum, ex quo perſuaderi poſſumus magis eſſe mate<lb></lb>riam, ibi reſpexit <foreign lang="grc">τὸ εἶναι.. ὑπάρχειν</foreign>. </s> <s>quod eſt exiſtere, & eſſe ſenſile, quod forma debet materiæ <lb></lb>ſenſili, cùm cęteroqui per ſe intelligenda ſit. </s> <s>id verò quod eſt eſſe ſimpliciter, quod eſt eſſe actu <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> participare, contrà vniuerſum materia, & quod habet naturam, formę acceptum refe<lb></lb>rent. </s> <s>Hæc igitur natura primò & ſimpliciter, mox materia, cùm cętera manent ex his ab his effi<lb></lb>ciens; inde compoſitum ex his; poſtremò generatio. </s> <s>Atque has vocis huiuſce notioneis enume<lb></lb>ratas ab Ariſtotele quandoque fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõperimus">comperimus</expan>. </s> <s>in qua ſanè enumeratione finem prętermiſſum <lb></lb>quiſpiam admiretur, qui tamen eſt <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> princeps, & cuius beneficio forma natura magis eſt, <pb pagenum="241"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1631"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quàm materia. </s> <s>Tibi fortè videri poſſet finem haberi pro natura, quia ſit idem reipſa finis & for<lb></lb>ma, efficiens verò: minimè: quoniam efficiens <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt forma ipſa ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> quod <lb></lb>agit per formam. </s> <s>Cùm igitur à forma diſtinguatur; ob eam cauſſam tertium naturæ ſignifica<lb></lb>tum fuiſſe conſtitutum. </s> <s>Tamen & Ariſtoteles ipſe formam, finem, & efficientem cauſſam, non <lb></lb>re, ſed numero ſeparauit. </s> <s>Proinde aut finem naturæ ſignificatis excluſit, eò quòd cęteræ naturę <lb></lb>non abſoluuntur à motu, dum operantur, veluti cauſſæ: à motu verò naturæ eſſentia definiri vi<lb></lb>detur: at finis ita operatur, quia manet immobilis, & non per <expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan>, aut corpus efficit quic<lb></lb>quam, ſed vt optimè docuit Proclus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> operatur ſecundùm ſubſtantiam propriam. </s> <s>nam ſic agit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1632"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id quòd otiosè agit. </s> <s>At non otiosè agit niſi finis, cùm huic ſoli inſit agere, vt immobile. </s> <s>Aut ſi <lb></lb>tibi cauſſa prior magis probatur, efficiens aut <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> accipe vt id à quo naſcitur aliquis mo<lb></lb>tus, quocunque pacto contingat, aut preſsius, vt id in quo poſita eſt actio. </s> <s>ſic efficiens verè eſt <expan abbr="cõ-poſitum">con<lb></lb>poſitum</expan>, formam verò communiter efficere prędicamus. </s> <s>Ita ergo, quanuis efficiens habeatur <lb></lb>forma, quia communiter efficiens accipitur, & alia ratio eſt efficiendi in eo quod verè efficit no<lb></lb>men naturæ efficienti illi impoſitum eſt, quod eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, & propter acceſſum materiæ lon<lb></lb>gè aliud eſt à forma. </s> <s>Admiretur etiam facilè Ariſtotelis obſeruator & aliud naturæ <expan abbr="ſignificatũ">ſignificatum</expan> <lb></lb>ſilentio obrutum. </s> <s>nimirum vbi dicitur Deum & naturam nil vnquam efficere fruſtra. </s> <s>Ita etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1633"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm pronunciatur. </s> <s>Ab hoc principio cęlum & naturam vniuerſam pendere. </s> <s>obſeruauimus <lb></lb>item eruditiſsimos viros dum interpretarentur eum locum, quo <foreign lang="grc">τὸ τῶν ὀργάνων ἀυτοδίδακτον</foreign>, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ideſt, ingenitam inſtrumentorum diſciplinam, qua imperium animi exequuntur, expreſsit Ari<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1634"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtoteles hiſce verbis: “Fit hoc poſt hoc in animalibus propter naturam. </s> <s>Tum quia <expan abbr="vnumquodq;">vnumquodque</expan> <lb></lb>eorum quæ ita conſtant, comparatum natura eſt, vt proprium efficiat opus, vt nihil oporteat in <lb></lb>vnoquoque animum eſſe, ſed cùm ſit in quodam corporis principio, alia viuant <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, eo quòd <lb></lb>naturali ortui inſita ſint, faciant autem proprium opus propter naturam.” ipſos facultatem quan<lb></lb>dam ab Ariſtotele intelligi putaſſe, quæ rei informatę ſuperueniret, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>actui ſuperueniens <lb></lb>eſſet accidens. </s> <s>idcirco eorum quidem ſententia, natura item ſub nouo ſignificato <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> ac<lb></lb>cidens. </s> <s>ſub eadem quoque notione capi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> putant, vbi dicitur, quædam nota eſſe natura, & <lb></lb>ſapere & ſcire natura expeti. </s> <s>quia ſcilicet viribus animi ſeparatim à corpore cognoſcantur, & in<lb></lb>telligantur. </s> <s>Nos, qui facultates primordia functionum, & illarum primordia ab ipſomet Ariſto<lb></lb>tele <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in materiam <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>diſſolui perſpeximus, concedere non valemus facultates, vt actio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1635"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>num principia ſunt, eſſe accidentia. </s> <s>Eſto enim quòd facultati perpetuò non ſit affixum opera<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1636"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ri. </s> <s>eſto etiam quòd quatenus operationem reſpicit, ſit accidens: at vt principium: forma eſt, <lb></lb>ſeu materia, quarum altera vim habet agendi, altera verò patiendi. </s> <s>Et quanquam operandi fa<lb></lb>cultas accipitur, vt actui ſuperueniens, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ponitur accidens, in eo <expan abbr="cõmiſſum">commiſſum</expan> fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe putamus errorem, quia naturis ſeiunctum fuerit. </s> <s>id quod habitudine ſola ſegregatur. </s> <s>Idem <lb></lb>enim eſt principium, quo res eſt, & exiſtens operatur, ſed aliud eſt, non ſanè temporis inſtans, niſi <lb></lb>quid vetet, nec alia natura quæ rem conſtituat & operetur, ſed aliud inſtans naturæ, quo res ipſa <lb></lb>eſt, & cùm ſit, operatur. </s> <s>Itaque cenſeo figura dictionis ipſos fuiſſe deceptos, dum rationis diſcri<lb></lb>men in rei diſcrimen commutant, vt vides. </s> <s>Nihil ago nunc, eaſdem'ne vires animus ipſe ſubmi<lb></lb>niſtret, quas inanimis natura largitur, an aliud principium inanimato ſuperſtes ſit, quod muneri<lb></lb>bus naturę fungatur. </s> <s>ſatis enim id mihi nunc ſit, ſi hæc ab iis principiis naſci doceam, quæ vim <lb></lb>materiæ <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>obtineant. </s> <s>Proptereà naturam ab Ariſtotele neque 1. de cęlo, aut lib. de mo<lb></lb>tu animal. </s> <s>neque 12. Met. aliter acceptam fuiſſe credimus quàm pro materia & forma. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>illud inſuper obſeruandum moneo. </s> <s>Naturam dici formam <expan abbr="materiamq́">materiamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeorſum, ſed vtranque <lb></lb>prætereà ſimul, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quia <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ſit, ſed quòd vtræque pro rata parte <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> tueantur <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic ergo materiæ <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>conditioneis taleis eſſe dicimus, vt res ex eis <expan abbr="conſtãtes">conſtantes</expan> ad Dei O. M. nu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1637"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum totæ ſe fingant, & accommodent, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>numini pareant. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>& nihil efficiant; efficiant <lb></lb>verò, ideſt, præſtent, quòd in ſe eſt, nec laborem fruſtra ſuſpiciunt, & niſi tacito quodam ſummi <lb></lb>motoris admonitu, qui non ſcriptus, ſed natus eſt, quem nos qui in principis ſummi poteſtate <lb></lb>ſumus, non didicimus, accepimus, legimus, verùm ex natura ipſa arripuimus, hauſimus, expreſ<lb></lb>ſimus; ad quam non nati, ſed facti, non inſtituti, ſed imbuti ſumus, vt ſi princeps ille nos non re<lb></lb>ſpiciat; nil planè inter nos & mortua cadauera, nil inter nos, & ea quæ non ſunt, interſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde diuinitus ille.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1630"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1631"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1632"></margin.target>a in Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1633"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1634"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1635"></margin.target>c 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1636"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1637"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Quicquid in orbe vides paret mihi florida tellus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Cùm volo, ſpiſſatis areſcit languida ſuccis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cùm volo, fundit aquas ſcopulis, atque horrida ſaxa</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Niliades iaculantur aquas: mihi pontus inerteis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Submittit fluctus; <expan abbr="Zephyriq́">Zephyrique</expan>. </s> <s>recentia ponunt</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ante meos ſua flabra pedes: mihi flumina parent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Hircanæq́">Hircanæque</expan> tygres, iuſſi, & ſeruire Leones<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <pb pagenum="242"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>Eandem quoque naturam qua caro eſt, aut os, aut ſpiritus: eſt verò duplex, & materia, & for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1638"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma, quę in vnum conſpirarunt: cauſſam eſſe dicimus, cur animi imperio pareant, quòd enim ſic <lb></lb>natura ſua, ideſt, ex ſua materia <expan abbr="ſuaq.">ſuaque</expan> forma conſtat ſpiritus, hos aut illos motus excipit, & ad<lb></lb>mittit, ſic dicendum de reliquis. </s> <s>Nullum ergo nouum naturæ ſignificatum præter Ariſtotelica <lb></lb>inculcandum eſt. </s> <s>Cęterùm quòd à forma ducitur omnis eſſentia, ſiue quòd aut res ipſa per ſe <lb></lb>ſit eſſentia & forma, veluti de ſubſtantiis à materia ſecretis omnes autumant, vel quòd ex mate<lb></lb>ria <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conflata ſit, vel quòd intueatur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vt de materia & poteſtate ſuo loco dicemus; <lb></lb>idcirco <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> id quod rei cuique quatenus eſt, attribuitur, idem quoque natura ineſſe prædicatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque ſub hoc ſenſu natura nobis ineſſe cognitionis appetitum litteris conſignaſſe dicimus Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem, & principia ſcientiarum, hoc eſt, axiomata, & <expan abbr="pronũciata">pronunciata</expan> cognita. </s> <s>eſſe natura ſcripſiſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita enim verto vocem illam <foreign lang="grc">τῆ φύσει</foreign> non naturæ, ſed ſuapte natura; tametſi articulus ille non <lb></lb>aliquid abſolutum, ſed ab alio excipiens indicare videatur. </s> <s>cui quoque teſtimonium Hyppocra<lb></lb>tis accedit, qui de cauſsis ea pronunciauerit <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">αυτόματοι καὶ οὐκ ἀυτόματοι</foreign> .ſ. </s> <s>effectus <foreign lang="grc">ἡμῖν μὲν ἀυτό-</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1639"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ματοι αἰτιη δ' οὐχα αὐτόματοι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">αἰτιη δ' αν τὰ μέν δῆλα, τά δ'άδηλα. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ τὰμὲν δυνατὰ, τα δ' ἀδυν́ατα.</foreign><lb></lb>ideſt, “caſu & non caſu & nobis quidem caſu, cauſſæ verò non caſu: cauſſæ rurſus hæc quidem <lb></lb>perſpicua, illa verò obſcura, & hæc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in eius poteſtate illa verò minimè. </s> <s>Nanque etiam me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1640"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mini me legiſſe”, apud Ariſtotelem vocem illam <foreign lang="grc">τῇ φύσει</foreign> <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> abſolutè item ſumi, cùm monet, vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1641"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eadem vox ſignificet actum & facultatem, vt hæc ſeiungantur, facultati conditionem <expan abbr="addẽdam">addendam</expan> <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τῇ φύσει</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſuapte natura. </s> <s>Nam quid eſſet hoc eſſe diſciplinæ capax naturæ? </s> <s>Quantum verò ad <lb></lb>Hyppocratis teſtimonium pertinet, ne tanto viro cuius ſapientiam iure optimo vniuerſa antiqui<lb></lb>tas ſuſpexit, & admirata eſt; patrocinium deſit, quantum in nobis eſt; vereor ne vetus conſuetu<lb></lb>do fuerit etiam tribuere cuipiam rei formaliter. </s> <s>quod conueniat ipſi <foreign lang="grc">αἰτιοδῶς</foreign>, & tanquam cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ, quam conſuetudinem ibi vſurpauerit Hyppocrates: etenim hanc loquendi <expan abbr="formulã">formulam</expan> in mo<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="poſitã">poſitam</expan> fuiſſe ſpectare licet apud Ariſtotelem, qui ita <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ſcripſerit. </s> <s>De parte autem ani<lb></lb>mi, qua & cognoſcit, animus ſapit, & formę tribuerit vt ſubiecto, quod eſt ipſius compoſiti. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq;">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim hî dicere potes illud officium animo tributum fuiſſe, quia ſit animi ſolius, nec vllum cor<lb></lb>poris munus in eo munere flagitetur. </s> <s>Nam ſi de mentis officio ſic dicere libeat, at opponam ego <lb></lb>ea quæ de ſentiente profeſſus eſt idem Ariſtoteles non multò antè, cùm dixit: Quoniam autem <lb></lb>duabus differentiis diffiniunt maximè animum, motu ſecundùm locum, & ipſo intelligere; & ſa<lb></lb>pere, velut ſentire quoddam eſſe. </s> <s>in vtriſque enim ſic animus diſcernit & cognoſcit aliquid eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1642"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum quæ ſunt; quæ certè non formaliter inſunt in animo, ſed vt in cauſſa. </s> <s>nihil enim abſurdius <lb></lb>eſt quàm dicere animum ſentire, neque minus àc ſi eum texere, aut nere fateamur. </s> <s>Hoc igitur <lb></lb>modo Hyppocrates etiam defendi poterit, ſed poſterioribus iſtis naturæ notionibus dimiſsis, de <lb></lb>potiſsimis in præſentia diſſeramus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1638"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1639"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>alim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1640"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1641"></margin.target>b 5. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1642"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Venamur differentiam inter materiam & formam in eo, quòd ſunt naturę. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NATVRAM igitur quæ ab Ariſtotele definita eſt, licet apud veteres haberetur ſola mate<lb></lb>ria, quia tamen pluribus argumentis ab eodem philoſopho demonſtratum eſt, etiam com<lb></lb>plecti formam, atque adeò vt de forma dicatur prius, quàm de materia. </s> <s>Ita & nos cum Ariſto<lb></lb>tele ſtatuentes geminam eſſe (nihil eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in hoc theoremate quod ſecus ab aliis philoſophis, qui <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele ſunt, acceptum ſit) illud nunc diſcutere inſtituimus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſecum differat <lb></lb>vtraque natura, & qua ratione motus initium ab vtroque principio proficiſcatur, & quæ'nam re<lb></lb>periatur communis proprietas, ſi non vniuoca, ſaltem analogica, propter quam vtræque naturæ <lb></lb>vocentur. </s> <s>In primis verò cum materia, tum forma ſpectantur <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> cauſſæ conſtituentes com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1643"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſitum, aut veluti principia functionum in illo quod iam conſtitutum eſt. </s> <s>hæ verò ſunt, vel in <lb></lb>eo ipſo quod extitit ex illis, vel ab ipſo in aliud. </s> <s>Vtraque autem ratione ſumptas materiam & <lb></lb>formam dici <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ab Ariſtotele compertum eſt. </s> <s>Nam & id ex quo fit ſubſtantia & <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, <lb></lb>eſt eius natura: ſic natura plumbi eſt aqua: atque ita commune fuit & tritum hoc naturæ ſigni<lb></lb>ficatum, vt nil aliud quàm id ex quo ſubſtantia fit, exiſtimaretur eſſe natura: cętera omnia illius <lb></lb>affectiones haberentur. </s> <s>Sed illud etiam per quod eſt aliquid eſſe naturam, & denominationes & <lb></lb>generationes ab ea præfinitæ, <expan abbr="multaq́">multaque</expan>. </s> <s>alia quæ breuitatis cauſſa nunc omitto, ſignificant, & effi<lb></lb>ciens quoque natura perhibetur, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt principium in alio, quatenus aliud. </s> <s>At verò & poſtquàm <lb></lb>ex his conflatum eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, cùm in ipſum mutatio per ſe cadat, & ob eam ipſam rationem <lb></lb>habeatur pro naturali <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etiam in ſeipſo cauſſam habeat ſui motus oportet, itaque & hæc ex qui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1644"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus conſtitit ſubſtantia naturalis, & quorum beneficio conſecuta eſt, vt moueatur, meritò naturę <lb></lb>dicuntur. </s> <s>Hinc factum eſt, vt natura ſtatueretur initium motus & quietis eius in quo eſt & reli<lb></lb>qua quę in ea definitione ſunt poſita. </s> <s>Quanuis autem prius ſubſtantia ſit, quàm functiones eius, <lb></lb>& vtroque nomine natura dicatur; noli mirari, cur altera nuncupationis eius ratione prętermiſ <pb pagenum="243"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1645"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſa, motus ſolius principium, non autem ſubſtantiæ conſtituerit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Nanque & quòd <expan abbr="efciant">ef<lb></lb>ficiant</expan> hæc principia <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> compoſitam, non eſt cauſſa duntaxat, quòd res ſit naturalis, verùm <lb></lb>etiam, quòd ſit abſolutè, & præſeferens rationem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> vniuerſalem, excedat extra limites phi<lb></lb>loſophiæ naturalis. </s> <s>At, quòd ſint principia motus in illa, ſolùm facit, quòd ſit naturalis & con<lb></lb>trahit ad methodum de natura. </s> <s>Tum etiam, quia maximè res eſt, vbicunque operetur & eo mu<lb></lb>nere fungatur, quod ipſi eſt ex natura. </s> <s>Tum poſtremò, quoniam ipſa natura per motum optimè <lb></lb>declaratur, & per eundem agnoſcitur res naturalis: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> efficit rem naturalem, quia ſic tranſmu<lb></lb>tari poſsit. </s> <s>Hæc, quæ hactenus à nobis poſita ſunt, facilè dabuntur, opinor, illa quæ ſubiicienda <lb></lb>ſunt, non inuenere conſenſum. </s> <s>Nam, quia ſic <expan abbr="creditũ">creditum</expan> eſt, fieri motum in rebus naturalibus, quo<lb></lb>niam forma moueret <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, atque inde motus efficeretur in toto; conſtituére materiam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe principium motus patibile, quòd ea .ſ. </s> <s>exceptura in ſeipſa <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, tranſmutaretur ad illam: <lb></lb>formam verò, quia materiam tranſmutaret, eſſe principium, quod haberet vim <expan abbr="efficiẽdi">efficiendi</expan> motum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic naturam, cùm de materia communiter & forma diceretur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habere communem rationem, <lb></lb>niſi quatenus ab vtroque principio permanat motus ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> naturalem, ſed eſſe naturam <lb></lb>ſpeciatim, vel actuoſum principium motus; eſſe verò talem formam, vel etiam patibile, atque id <lb></lb>eſſe materiam. </s> <s>Quocirca cùm prius natura ſit actuoſum principium quàm patibile, prius quo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1646"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que naturam dici de forma, quàm de materia. </s> <s>Quin tam abſurdum iis viſum eſt formam eſſe <lb></lb>principium patibile motus quàm quod abſurdiſsimum. </s> <s>Neque verò deficiebant rationes & lo<lb></lb>ca quibus facilè conniuentibus eam problematis partem perſuaderent. </s> <s>Etenim, vt à naturæ de<lb></lb>finitione ſumatur exordium, ſic ipſa definitur, quòd ſit principium motus & quietis, quia .ſ. </s> <s>effi<lb></lb>ciat motum, ſeu quietem in eo in quo eſt. </s> <s>Sed dare motum & quietem, ſiue efficere eſt munus <lb></lb>actuoſæ virtutis, non autem patibilis. </s> <s>Sequitur ergo, naturam eſſe principium actuoſum, non pa<lb></lb>tibile motus & quietis. </s> <s>Prætereà quoniam ad patiendum ſufficit vnum; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc autem eſt ſine du<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1647"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bio materia. </s> <s>Tertiò vis agendi ſequitur actum, vis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> patiendi poteſtatem. </s> <s>Sed actus eſt for<lb></lb>mę, poteſtas verò materiæ. </s> <s>Itaque forma eſt agere, materiæ verò pati. </s> <s>Accedit eodem quòd nil <lb></lb>moueretur ſecundùm naturam, niſi forma eſſet actuoſum principium motus; eo quòd mouere<lb></lb>tur ab alio: at moueri ab alio eſt vi moueri, non autem ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>His addo auctori<lb></lb>tatem Ariſtotelis, qui nonnunquam Deum & naturam nil agere fruſtrà pronunciat: necnon tres <lb></lb>haſce cauſſas conuenire, formam, efficientem, & finem. </s> <s>ac ſatis apertè idem 2. Phyſ. artis exemplo <lb></lb>illuſtrat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Illi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, ſimilis eſſet natura, ſi ars efficiendi <expan abbr="ſcamnũ">ſcamnum</expan> eſſet in ligno, & eius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> exem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1648"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1649"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plo qui ſibi ipſi medetur, in quo duplex eſſet ſanè principium: alterum quidem vt materia; al<lb></lb>terum verò vt efficiens. </s> <s>Dicebat quoque Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> formæ proprium eſſe efficere, atque item <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1650"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enunciauit apertius, naturam eſſe principium efficiendi motum, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non in alio, ſed in ipſo, prout <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1651"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſum eſt. </s> <s>Adiiciunt inſuper ea quæ de aqua tepida dici ſolent, quæ per ſe ipſam mouetur ad fri<lb></lb>gus, & denique illa omnia quæ de elementorum motu conſueuerunt opponi. </s> <s>Quin etiam ratio<lb></lb>nem Ariſtotelis afferunt, qua probatur eſſe item mentem quandam actuoſam; eo quòd vbi ſit <lb></lb>principium patiens ibi quoque deſideretur agens. </s> <s>In natura igitur, cùm materia ſit, quæ eſt prin<lb></lb>cipium patibile, neceſſe eſt adeſſe formam quæ ſit principium agens. </s> <s>Poſtremò omne quod ſe <lb></lb>per ſe mouet, ex duplici conſtare principio, actuoſo nimirùm, & patibili. </s> <s>Naturalia verò omnia <lb></lb>ſe per ſe mouere. </s> <s>Quamobrem Philoponus inter Gręcos, Auerroes, & eius ſectatores, apertiſ<lb></lb>ſimè verò Ludouicus Buccaferrea quem ſecuti ſunt complures ex iis, quibus ſuo marte philoſo<lb></lb>phari nimis induſtrium ac laborioſum videri potuit, & quibus ſi ille quemadmodum hirundo <lb></lb>Gabriæ, quod cornici dederat auferret, nudi, ſicut illa reſtarent: aſſeruerunt naturam ita dici de<lb></lb>forma, tanquam de principio agendi, & de ipſa ob id prius dici, quàm de materia. </s> <s>In hac parte <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1652"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæc ſunt. </s> <s>Verùm, ſi ex altera ſtatuamus nunc vulgatam illam differentiam inter animata & ina<lb></lb>nima, quòd illa <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan> ex ſeipſis; inanima verò ab alio; cognoſcemus ea quæ mouentur ab ani<lb></lb>mo, principium ſui motus intra ſe habere, quippe animum qui in omni <expan abbr="viuẽte">viuente</expan> per incrementum <lb></lb>mouet ad omneis loci differentias; in ſentientibus vniuerſis per ſyſtolen & diaſtolen eius partis, <lb></lb>quæ animum primò participat; in perfectis per loci mutationem, quæ verò ſola natura mouen<lb></lb>tur, tale principium extra ſe habere. </s> <s>ac ſi differentiam ſpectabimus animi & naturæ, quantum <lb></lb>pertinet ad modum & initia motus; apparebit animum ſic mouere, quia motum excitet in ani<lb></lb>mali mouendo corpus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi natura differt ab animo; cùm ergo moueat animus mouens in<lb></lb>tra corpus: natura, aut non intra corpus mouebit, atque ita non erit internum principium mo<lb></lb>tus, aut non diſtinguetur ab animo, aut non mouebit omnino. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi quis obſeruet defini<lb></lb>tionem efficientis, quæ eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Vis tranſmutandi aliud, prout aliud eſt, eſt verò aliud, <lb></lb>quemadmodum poſteà dicemus, quod non modò eſſentia, ſed ſubiecto quoque diuerſum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tum etiam quòd natura dicitur in primis de forma, de efficiente verò metaphoricè, & quòd effi<lb></lb>cientis poteſtas ab ingenio materiæ, & formæ longè diſtat, quandò hæc ſunt per ſe principia in eo <lb></lb>ipſo, in quo ſunt, illud verò extrinſecus. </s> <s>Item quòd efficiens & forma in numero non <expan abbr="conueniũt">conueniunt</expan>, <pb pagenum="244"></pb>ſed in ſpecie duntaxat. </s> <s>Siquis obſeruet etiam verba Philoſophi, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quibus perſuadere conatus eſt; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1653"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1654"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturam eſſe principium motus in eo in quo eſt per ſe, & non per accidens; is profectò multò ſe<lb></lb>cus ſentire cogetur. </s> <s>Nam cùm duo ſint principiorum genera quæ in omni affectione requirun<lb></lb>tur, efficiens & patiens: efficiens aut extrà eſt, vt in ædificio faber, aut intrà, vt cùm medicus ſe<lb></lb>ipſum curat, vbi verò ſit intrà ſit per accidens, & nonnunquam ſeparabile; hoc non eſt natura. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex hoc igitur ita argumentor: Vbi eſt intrà, eſt per accidens. </s> <s>Ergo ab oppoſito conſequentis, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>efficiens non eſt per accidens, eſt extrà, ideſt efficiens per ſe eſt ſubiecto ſeparatum. </s> <s>Atqui natu<lb></lb>ra non eſt ſubiecto ſeparata, nec igitur efficiens per ſe. </s> <s>Rurſus efficiens quod eſt intrà eſt per ac<lb></lb>cidens; natura <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non eſt principium per accidens. </s> <s>ergo neque efficiens. </s> <s>Nullo igitur modo na<lb></lb>tura eſt efficiens in eo in quo eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam verò actuoſum propriè dicitur, quod ſcilicet habens <lb></lb>in ſe actum, ipſum ei quod eſt in potentia, communicat, & in rebus natura conſtantibus per mo<lb></lb>tum: dicitur item actuoſum impropriè id ex quo aliquid pullulat, ſicuti ſplendor à ſole, & rubi<lb></lb>go à ferro, atque à laterna proiectio luminis, quod etiam metaphoricum appellari ſolet. </s> <s>itaque <lb></lb>rarum & denſum <foreign lang="grc">φορᾶς ποικτιηὰ</foreign> <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nuncupantur, & molle & <expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan> <foreign lang="grc">πάθους καὶ ἀπαθεας</foreign> quę ab <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1655"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eodem Ariſtotele corporum materia ſtatuuntur. </s> <s>ſi cui formam hoc pacto efficiens nominare <lb></lb>libeat, id non recuſo nunc, neque id in præſentia veſtigo, ſic concedens, voce ſumpta <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1656"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> cauſſas efficientis metaphorici nomine poſſe nuncupari, & communius item eundem chara<lb></lb>cterem ad <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> accommodari poſſe. </s> <s>Quapropter affirmabat Ariſtoteles, omne cauſſarum genus <lb></lb>per id explicari, quod eſt; vnde <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> (hic verò character eſt efficientis) aut fiunt, aut ſunt, aut cogno<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1657"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcuntur ea quorum cauſſæ ſunt. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de omni cauſſa prædicari ſolet, quòd ab illa aliquid fiat, <lb></lb>latius ea nota ſumpta quæ veri <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> eſt propria, quod .ſ. </s> <s>in ſeipſo formam aut vim eius, quod <lb></lb>illi tradit, quod eſt in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>, & effectui natura & tempore antecedit. </s> <s>Eodem quoque modo fieri <lb></lb>ex aliquo contingit vt ex materia, veluti lignum ex ſcamno, vel vt termino, vt ex atro candidum, <lb></lb>vel etiam vt <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>, ſicut ex homine homo, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἀπὸ</foreign> quod eſt propriè ab, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1658"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vſurpatum ad ſignificandum <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> principium motus internum, ſicut in calce 2. Phyſ. vbi <lb></lb>docens ea quæ ſunt, natum ſic interpretatur, quęcunque ab aliquo principio quod intra ſe <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <lb></lb>continuè procedunt in aliquem finem, ab vnoquoque verò non <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> finis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fortuitus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita cùm dicitur, aliquid à forma fieri, aut à forma facere, interpretatur Alexander accepta illa no<lb></lb>ta impropriè, atque idem eſt àc ſi Latinè <emph type="italics"></emph>prę<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>dicamus. </s> <s>talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vis eſt <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ απὸ</foreign> apud Graios. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>ſic fusè acceptum efficiens alienum erit à materia. </s> <s>Conſimiliter, etſi ea vox <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ</foreign> nota eſt for<lb></lb>mæ, indicabitur tranſumpta fuiſſe ad <expan abbr="ſignificandũ">ſignificandum</expan> efficiens, cùm dicitur; <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Alterationem & incre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1659"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1660"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentum eſſe per animum, nam vis altrix manifeſtò immutat alimentum. </s> <s>Quamobrem adhuc <lb></lb>de poteſtate formæ <expan abbr="diſſerendũ">diſſerendum</expan> erit ſpeciatim, & inanis erit ea quæſtio, dicatur'ne de duplici prin<lb></lb>cipio natura, actuoſo .ſ. </s> <s>& patibili, ſed de vtriſque, materia nimirum & forma, tanquam actuoſo <lb></lb>principio prædicari poterit. </s> <s>Ergo de vera efficientia nunc agitur, & quæritur an efficiendi ratio <lb></lb>conueniat formæ, & an ipſi efficiendi vis ſola conueniat excluſa ratione patiendi. </s> <s>Aiunt illi: nos <lb></lb>inficiamur. </s> <s>Atque ideſt, de quo mox ineundum eſt certamen. </s> <s>Nam poſtulant hæc omnia maio<lb></lb>rem animaduerſionem, quàm ea ſit, quam hucuſque contulimus: ſed, in ea quidem ſententia, <lb></lb>nihil vtilius. </s> <s>hîc enim vera elementa naturæ exquiruntur, ſine quibus irritus fuerit omnis labor. <lb></lb></s> <s>& conatus philoſophi naturalis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1643"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1644"></margin.target>c 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1645"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1646"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1647"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 56.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1648"></margin.target>b T. 86.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1649"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1650"></margin.target>c 1. de or<lb></lb>tu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1651"></margin.target>d 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1652"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1653"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1654"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1655"></margin.target>b 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1656"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1657"></margin.target>c 5. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1658"></margin.target>d 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1659"></margin.target>e 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 37.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1660"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum pati pertinet ad formam in mutatione ſecundùm ſubstantiam. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NATVRA principium quidem eſt omnis mutationis, & eius primum quæ fit ſecundùm <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, quia prius eſſe rem oporteat, quàm vllo alio munere fungatur. </s> <s>Tametſi verò <lb></lb>nos libro ſeparato de generationis primordiis agemus: tamen, quòd ad explicationem naturæ, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1661"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ad eius quæſtionis intelligentiam quæ propoſita eſt, conferet noſſe, vt pari reſpiciat formam <lb></lb>in mutatione ſubſtantiæ; proptereà nos hinc exordium faciemus inſtitutæ diſputationis. </s> <s>Vt verò <lb></lb>hæc controuerſia dirimatur, aliquas hypotheſes, veluti cauſſæ no <lb></lb>ſtræ firmamenta ſtatuemus, qui<lb></lb>bus vniuerſa res luce clarior euadat. </s> <s>Ac primùm tantiſper dicemus de vi vocis illius patibile, & <lb></lb>vtrum vniuſmodi perpetuò ſit eius ratio nec'ne: tùm, an, & quemadmodum in naturæ definitio<lb></lb>ne accipiendum ſit. </s> <s>Patibile ergo dicitur, quia vim habeat patiendi, cui opponitur actuoſum, <lb></lb>quia vim habeat agendi. </s> <s>Pati verò illa propriè dicuntur, quæ cùm aliquid potentia ſint, ad illius <lb></lb>actum tranſmutantur. </s> <s>Notat autem pati duo, cum primis rationem excipientis & ſubiecti: quo<lb></lb>niam potentia, ſeu potius id quod eſt potentia vertitur in actum, per actus acceptionem: deinde <lb></lb>affert notionem detrimenti, quòd actio, & alteratio fiant inter contraria, quorum ingenium eſt, <lb></lb>vt ſeſe mutuò tollant. </s> <s>Nam, ſi debet aliquid ex perpeſsione comparari, alterum quod prius ade<lb></lb>rat, intereat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cùmq́">Cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>omnis affectio radiceis agat in potentia, hæc verò materia fun<lb></lb>detur: primùm <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan>, quod patietur, erit ipſa materia, quę tum primò patietur, dum ſecundùm <pb pagenum="245"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1662"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiam tranſmutatur: dein, vbi tranſmutetur interuentu ſubſtantiæ ſecundùm alia prædi<lb></lb>camenta, prius ſecundùm quantum, mox ſecundùm quale, & vbi. </s> <s>Quare ſecundo loco patietur <lb></lb>ſubſtantia compoſita. </s> <s>Neque ipſa materia per ſe ſola patietur, ſed, quia certis quibuſdam mu<lb></lb>tationibus afficitur, aliquid etiam requiretur, quod efficiat, vt materia, hoc, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> alio motu, vt <lb></lb>ad quantum, & quale moueatur: id verò eſt prędicamentum illud ſecundùm quod fit mutatio, <lb></lb>aut eius quædam ſpecies. </s> <s>Quamobrem & hoc etiam dicitur ſubiectum, non ſanè ſimpliciter, ſed <lb></lb>ſecundùm quod: ex quo item illi ratio patibilis quoquo modo conueniet. </s> <s>Hoc ſubiectum ſe<lb></lb>cundùm quod <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> nobis neceſſariò monſtrabit; ſecundùm quam fit motus. </s> <s>Ideò quoque per <lb></lb>hanc rationem forma rei <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> aliquam afferet ad patiendum, & cùm idem prętereà con<lb></lb>tingat in mutatione ſubſtantiæ, forma item ſubſtantiæ quæ natura vocatur, habebit tale momen<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Cęterùm, non quia patiatur, eſt huiuſmodi, ſed quia patiatur compoſitum & materia per <lb></lb>illam. </s> <s>Hoc patiendi principium duplex agnouit inter Gręcos Alexander, quorum alterum, <lb></lb>nempe materiam, nuncupabat <foreign lang="grc">ἐξ οὗ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ex quo; alterum verò <foreign lang="grc">χαθ' ὃ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſecundùm quod: & inter <lb></lb>Latinos D. Thomas, ita nobis ea ſignificans, vt quod, vt quo, altero <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> exprimens & <expan abbr="ſubie-ctũ">ſubie<lb></lb>ctum</expan>, altero verò certum <expan abbr="prędicamentũ">prędicamentum</expan>, vnde ſumitur genus quodque mutationum, & <expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> prius <lb></lb>principium & <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, ſecundùm quam hoc, non alio motu agitur id quod mouetur. </s> <s>Sed, ſi de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1663"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fonte licet haurire, cur riuuli conſectandi? </s> <s>cùm & animum, ſicuti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſubſtantiæ, & ſcientiam <lb></lb>veluti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> qualitatis docuerit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſſe principia vt quibus in ſuo <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> genere ſuo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1664"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>munere fungeretur, & quo animus ſentiret & animal, cùm tamen ſenſus ibi, tanquam perpeſsio <lb></lb>fuerit acceptus. </s> <s>Cùm verò prædicamento, non quidem materia, ſed forma determinentur, motus <lb></lb>item forma finiatur, vt albedine albefactio; quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouetur ad albedinem, certa forma præ<lb></lb>ditum ſit oportet, quippe contraria, & in ſubiecti quoque <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> veniet illa forma quæ <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan> <lb></lb>in eo prędicamento ſecundùm quod fit motus, & cuius vna alteri forma ſuccedit. </s> <s>Verùm aliis <lb></lb>quoque modis à forma motus, & tranſmutatio proficiſcuntur, ſiquidem res ipſa tum moueatur, <lb></lb>cùm primùm gignitur, tum etiam cùm genita fuerit: ac, dum ipſa gignitur, item duplex ad eam <lb></lb>tranſmutationis habitudo ſpectari poteſt, vel eius quæ eſt ad ſubſtantiam, vel eius etiam quę eſt <lb></lb>ad vbi: neque ad hoc ſolùm, verùm etiam ad illa accidentia quæ formæ comitari ſolent. </s> <s>Certè <lb></lb>dum res ipſa fit, & dum ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> mutatur, eadem ſanè generatim cauſſa motus eſt, <lb></lb>ſed non ſemper vt natura, niſi latius ſumpta voce naturæ. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> producit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, vt certum ſubie<lb></lb>ctum quod eſt in actu, permutetur facta ſucceſsione formæ circum eandem materiam quæ per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1665"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>manet. </s> <s>Nam materia nuſquàm ab vniuerſis formis ſeiuncta reperitur. </s> <s>Hoc igitur ita mutatur, <lb></lb>quia veterem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> deponit, <expan abbr="nouamq́">nouamque</expan>. </s> <s>reſumit, & è poteſtate ſubſtantia, quod illi contigit per <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, fit actu ſubſtantia, quod beneficio formæ conſequitur. </s> <s>Iam hî eſt forma noua quam <lb></lb>aſſequi materia cupit, ob id mouet, tanquam appetendum, & vt finis & quæ, poſtquam acceſsit, <lb></lb>tum demum eſt forma, nec amplius cauſſa motus, ſed terminus, habitibus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiæ pręſentibus <lb></lb>ceſſat omnis motus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Id verò quod gignitur, cùm ſit in potentia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad actum deduci debeat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1666"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à ſimili quoque actu ad actum neceſſe eſt perducatur, & denique à forma. </s> <s>ſed tunc etiam non <lb></lb>quatenus forma, & natura primi ſignificati efficit motum, verùm vt efficiens, & vtroque modo <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> mouet, quatenus eſt extra id quod mutatur. </s> <s>At natura primi ſignificati præſtat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt in illo eſt quod mouetur. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt vel forma vetus efficiat motum, quatenus forma & <lb></lb>natura, vel etiam noua forma, quatenus per parteis inducitur. </s> <s>Quòd, ſi forma noua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inducitur <lb></lb>particulatim, ſed in extremo mutationis, veſtigio temporis accedit: ſupereſt ergo, vt forma vetus <lb></lb>ſit cauſſa motus, quatenus forma & natura. </s> <s>Si quis igitur rectè perſpiciat <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> motus & mu<lb></lb>tationis, eam ipſe cognoſcet eſſe principium tranſmutationis internum, ſic, quia ſit ratio, cur ma<lb></lb>teria tranſmutetur. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duo ſint principia motus, materia nimirùm & forma, illa quidem per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1667"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe indefinita eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſe magis ad <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan>, quàm ad aliam omnino diuerſam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> procliuis eſt: <lb></lb>ex quo non mutaretur ignis in terram, niſi tali forma fuiſſet affectus, ſed in aliud quodlibet inu<lb></lb>taretur, aut prorſus immutabilis maneret. </s> <s>Itaque requiritur in eo quod patitur, quædam certa <lb></lb>forma qua motus eius determinetur. </s> <s>Quamobrem certa illa forma eſt cauſſa tranſmutationis <lb></lb>eius ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Atque hæc fuit communis opinio Gręcorum omnium vno excepto Philopono, <lb></lb>qui neque etiam in hoc, vt in aliis multis, à magno præceptore diſcedere veritus eſt, aut <expan abbr="humanã">humanam</expan> <lb></lb>fidem cum præſtantiore confundere. </s> <s>Nam, quòd ea fuerit Ariſtotelis germana ſententia, mon<lb></lb>ſtrant illa quę non ſemel leguntur in phyſicis. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi docet in rerum natura ta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1668"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>le diſcrimen reperiri (id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> explicat ab initio variis exemplis, cum ab efficiente, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab alio <lb></lb>cauſſarum genere ſumptis, deinde <expan abbr="accõmodat">accommodat</expan> ad rem ſuam) quædam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe ſunt, quædam ve<lb></lb>rò per accidens, & dum hæc exemplis illuſtrat, illud affert inter alia, ſi quis albeſcat, hoc faciet, <lb></lb>vel per ſe, vel per accidens: per accidens ſanè, ſi fuerit medicus; per ſe autem, ſi fuerit niger. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo eſſe nigrum eſt cauſſa, <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>formalis dealbationis, hoc verò eſt forma quæ in tranſmuta<lb></lb>tione abiicienda eſt. </s> <s>Tum etiam, quia 2. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex eo quòd res naturales afficiuntur ex interno <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1669"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="246"></pb>principio, nihil aliud colligitur, quàm quòd natura ſit principium patibile motus. </s> <s>Etenim fieri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1670"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nequit alteratio ab interno efficiente: multò minus ortus & interitus, quæ tamen <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> fiunt <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Prætereà, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dum ipſe naturam ſeparat à medico curante ſeipſum, inquit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1671"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>medicum, ſeu <expan abbr="medicinã">medicinam</expan> non eſſe internum principium mutationis illius per ſe, ſed per accidens; <lb></lb>ſiquidem accidat ægroto, quo per ſe fundatur motus ad ſanitatem, habere ſcientiam medicinæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Argumento illud eſt: quoniam hæc à ſeipſis diuelli poſſunt, ægrum eſſe & medicum. </s> <s>& quan<lb></lb>tunuis ſit medicus, niſi fuerit æger, nunquàm ſanabitur: contrà verò, quanuis non ſit, medicus, <lb></lb>modò ægrotet, ſanare poterit, & in ipſo <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> erit ad ſalutem. </s> <s>Ad hęc, cùm enarraret, quem<lb></lb>admodum forma item priuationem <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>, ſubiicit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia generatio non vide<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1672"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur reſpicere tantùm priuationem, verum etiam inter <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> ſuccedere. </s> <s>ideò quoque aduerten<lb></lb>dum eſſe diligentius, an'ne priuatio ſolùm ſit oppoſitum, an <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vltra priuationem <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> re<lb></lb>quiratur, tametſi id quod præſentis inſtituti non erat, aliò reiectum eſt ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Sed cùm <lb></lb>de loco quo tractatur id theorema, ſit exorta controuerſia, nonnullis aſſerentibus, id 1. de ortu <lb></lb>perquiri, quòd ibi deterior ſubſtantia pro priuatione, & non ente fuerit accepta: quibuſdam ve<lb></lb>rò 5. Phyſ. quia fortè ex varietate terminorum <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> inter motum & mutationem indagetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Equidem arbitror illam quæſtionem proponi ſemel 8. Phyſ. cùm docuit <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> mutationem ter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1673"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minari ipſo eſſe, & alterum 1. de ortu, cùm ex non ente ſimpliciter nihil fieri conſtituit, aut in ni<lb></lb>hil abire, ſed ex tali ente produci, & cum tali non ente commutari. </s> <s>proinde vnius interitum alte<lb></lb>rius eſſe productionem. </s> <s>Necnon tertio loco 10. Met. vbi ea quæ narrat Ariſtoteles, ad hanc rem <lb></lb>maximè faciunt. </s> <s>Etenim ibi monſtratur priuationem non eſſe ſimpliciter non ens, ſed <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> <lb></lb>afferre ſubiecto: quare differre à negatione, quòd hæc nihil, illa aliquid ponat: illa medio vacet, <lb></lb>hæc habeat medium, de quo non prædicentur oppoſita, ſed obtinere vim negationis in ſubiecto, <lb></lb>quod natum aptum ſit. </s> <s>Proptereà <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> inter omneis formas naturaleis quæ ſecum proximè <lb></lb>mutantur, eſſe <expan abbr="oppoſitionẽ">oppoſitionem</expan> quam certa priuatio conſequatur: quare hoc in hoc mutatur & non <lb></lb>in aliud, vt vinum in acetum, non autem lapis, quæ certè habilitas inſidere ſoli materiæ nequit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque docente id <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan>, priuatio proximè poteſtate fundatur: etenim ipſa per ſe caret actu, <lb></lb>poteſtas verò nititur in contrario. </s> <s>Quapropter gradus iſti intercedunt inter ea quæ ſolent comi<lb></lb>tari materiæ, & conducere aliquid ad tranſmutationem, materia quæ eſt ſubiectum ſimpliciter, <lb></lb><expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> quod eſt forma, poteſtas: hæc verò illa eſt quam ſignatam ponimus, cùm cęteroquin <lb></lb>vniuerſalis aliena ſit ab omni forma, & incogitatione ſit poſita potius, quàm in natura rerum, at<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1674"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que vltimo loco priuatio quæ eſt principium proximum. </s> <s>Sed ſpecta obſecro Ariſtotelis ipſius <lb></lb>argumentum, ex quo tibi vniuerſa res optimè pandatur. </s> <s>Eſt verò huiuſmodi aduerſus Empedo<lb></lb>clem, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui elementa è ſphæro iuſſu diſcordiæ fieri volebat. </s> <s>Dum fit tranſitus, inquit ipſe, ab ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1675"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentis in ſphęrum amicitia conciliante, <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> qualitates amittuntur: cùm rurſus è ſphęro <lb></lb>producendæ ſunt, quæritur an'ne materia illa quæ ab ignis forma fuerat olim occupata, in ignim <lb></lb>rurſus, aut in aliud quippiam reuertatur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi commutationem fieri dixeris, non igitur ortus <lb></lb>& interitus erunt congregatio & ſegregatio <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, ſed mutatio <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>. </s> <s>ſi idem ignis redeat. <lb></lb></s> <s>At hoc certè ſine vlla ratione dicitur, & fieri nequit. </s> <s>Nam, cùm materia qualitateis amiſerit, ratio <lb></lb>nulla eſt, quia caret omni forma, cur ſuis magis quàm alienis qualitatibus ornetur. </s> <s>Ex hoc ergo <lb></lb>liquet, vt cauſſa, cur materia certis qualitatibus ac mutationibus ſit obnoxia, certa ſit qualitas <lb></lb>& forma. </s> <s>Neque eſt quòd ſuſpiceris Ariſtotelem ibi de ſolis qualitatibus agere duntaxat, non <lb></lb>de formis, cùm illa principia conſideret per quæ mutatio ſubſtantiæ contingit. </s> <s>Eadem ſententia <lb></lb>recepta eſt à Simplicio ſimul & Auerroë, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm vtrique contra Philoponum diſſerentes docent <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1676"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tranſmutationem radiceis agere in eo ſubiecto quod <expan abbr="corrũpitur">corrumpitur</expan>: illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe, quod <expan abbr="trãſmutatur">tranſmutatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic ægrum ſanatur; & aqua fit aër; & aſcenſus ſecundùm naturam aqua, non aëre nititur. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1677"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>abhorret id quoque à communi hominum ſenſu. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia prima proximum tranſmu<lb></lb>tationis initium ponitur, ſed planè ſecunda, quæ iam quibuſdam formis affecta eſt. </s> <s>nec quantum <lb></lb>fit è non quanto, nec animal è non ente, aut è pura poteſtate fit ſubſtantia: ſed hoc quantum ex <lb></lb>hoc non quanto, quod eſt item aliud quantum & animal è non tali animali, & hæc ſubſtantia ex <lb></lb>hac alia ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Proinde forma, quatenus ſubſtantiæ primordium confert ad materiæ pro<lb></lb>ceſſum, & aliquam patiendi rationem præſegerit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1661"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1662"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1663"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1664"></margin.target>a 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1665"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1666"></margin.target>b 1. de or<lb></lb>tu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1667"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1668"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 74.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1669"></margin.target>d T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1670"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1671"></margin.target>a T. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1672"></margin.target>b T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1673"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1674"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1675"></margin.target>c 1. de or<lb></lb>tu c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1676"></margin.target>d 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1677"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt pati pertineat ad eandem formam in motu qui est ad locum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò quod pertinet ad modum, quo forma eſt cauſſa eorum quæ comitantur ſubſtantiæ, <lb></lb>attingit obſcuram illam, atque perplexam <expan abbr="dubitationẽ">dubitationem</expan> de motu elementorum, de quo po<lb></lb>ſtea multa; proptereà nunc ſit ſatis ea delibaſſe. </s> <s>Cùm verò motus ſit duplex, vel ſecundùm, vel <lb></lb>contra naturam, eo dimiſſo qui præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt nanque hic eſt omnino ab externo, nec vllam <lb></lb>cauſſam <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> reperit in eo quod mouetur; de illo qui eſt ſecundùm naturam, mox agamus. <pb pagenum="247"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1678"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Id quod de motu nunc dicimus, <expan abbr="cõmodè">commodè</expan> item ad reliquas mutationeis quæ <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> inhęrent; <lb></lb>transferre licebit: nanque & illæ inſunt, aut ſecundùm, aut præter naturam, & cętera <expan abbr="propemo-dũ">propemo<lb></lb>dum</expan> attributa <expan abbr="nanciſcũtur">nanciſcuntur</expan> quæ ſunt in motu, de quibus poſtea <expan abbr="diſputandũ">diſputandum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Sed nunc de motu. <lb></lb></s> <s>Is igitur qui ſecundùm naturam eſt, aut eſt, dum res generatur, aut poſtquàm genita eſt. </s> <s>Nam ſi<lb></lb>mul, dum generatur ignis, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> petit locum ſuperiorem: & dum abſolutus eſt, adeptus eſt ſuum <lb></lb>locum: accidit item, vt extra ſuum locum fiat ignis & abſoluatur, ac vi detentus, donec <expan abbr="impedi-mentũ">impedi<lb></lb>mentum</expan> depulſum fuerit, ibi maneat, vbi genitus eſt; obice ſublato moueatur. </s> <s>Cęterùm ab eodem <lb></lb>principio motus vterque deriuatur, à forma nimirum: licet non eadem ſit eius ratio in vtroque <lb></lb>motu. </s> <s>quandoquidem, aut <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> eſt in elemento quod gignitur, motum ab ea forma profi<lb></lb>ciſci, quæ eſt generantis ipſius, quia ſit eius <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> dare formam ſimul, & ea quæ formam conſe<lb></lb>quuntur, aut vt ab iis pullulet affectionibus quæ fiunt propriæ rei quæ gignitur; eas verò nos in <lb></lb><expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> ſuperiore libro retulimus, & nuper in materia <expan abbr="contrarioq́">contrarioque</expan>. </s> <s>collocauimus. </s> <s>alter verò mo<lb></lb>tus <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> abſolutè conſequitur: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum ſit genitum, ab agente, atque virtutibus eius <expan abbr="abſolu-tũ">abſolu<lb></lb>tum</expan> eſt, vt poſteà docebimus. </s> <s>Sed hîc tum ſcrupulus exoritur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> motus ille conſequa<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & qui ſit proprius modus quo forma efficiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, diſtinctus à modis quibus cęteræ <lb></lb>cauſſæ ſuos producunt effectus, aut etiam conueniunt ad motum ipſum propagandum. </s> <s>Perſpi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1679"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cuum ſanè eſt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> dupliciter effectus ſuos producere, vel quia fiat aliquid ex ipſa tanquàm <lb></lb>ſubiecto, vel etiam quòd aliqua proprietas ipſam neceſſariò ſequatur. </s> <s>Etenim phiala fit ex vitro <lb></lb>tanquam materia; ex eodem vitro naſcitur pelluciditas, & enſis ex ferro vt materia conſtituitur: <lb></lb>ſed rubigo materiæ priuilegio ferrum affligit & conficit. </s> <s>Efficiens verò, cùm actu ſit & tempore <lb></lb>antecedat, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> atque à ſeipſo formam transfundat in aliud. </s> <s>Finis autem, quia pulcherrima res eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1680"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& maximè expetenda, vt ſui appetitum incutiat mouenti, vt ſimile producat, & materiæ, vt ad <lb></lb>ſeipſo potiendum propendeat. </s> <s>Verùm forma, quoniam eius merito ineſt affectio in compoſito, <lb></lb>quandò .ſ. </s> <s>hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> habens id etiam habeat quod eſt cum forma illa <expan abbr="coniũctum">coniunctum</expan>, quaſi ſit ratio <lb></lb>per quam hoc ineſt in compoſito. </s> <s>Nam motus naturalis eſt ſicut actus quidam ſecundus mobilis, <lb></lb>quà mobile eſt. </s> <s>Sicut igitur actus ſecundus emanat ex primo quod eſt forma: ſic motus naſcitur <lb></lb>ex forma rei quæ mouetur. </s> <s>Neque verò tu repugnantia cenſebis ea quæ nos olim conſtituimus, <lb></lb>motum eſſe proceſſum de potentia eſſentiali ad actum primum. </s> <s>hîc verò accipiamus ipſum eſſe <lb></lb>actum quendam ſecundùm. </s> <s>nanque ibi ſpectabamus motum habita ratione poteſtatis quæ ineſt <lb></lb>in ſubiecto ad eam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quam conſequi ſtudet .ſ. </s> <s>ad terminum ad quem tendebat quæ eſt ipſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1681"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma de genere illo ſecundùm quod fit motus: hîc nulla ratio poteſtatis & perfectionis eius ha<lb></lb>betur, ſed ſubiecti, ſeu principij in quo ineſt motus, vt in eo quod mouetur, in quo cùm ſibi <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> ſupponat, iam non eſt proceſſus de potentia eſſentialis, ſed vt conſequens <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>; proptereà <lb></lb>velut actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ſecundus. </s> <s>At verò functio ſecundùm formam duplex habet ſubiectum, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> alte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1682"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum quidem quod appellat Ariſtoteles primùm excipiens, hoc verò eſt ipſa forma, nanque illi <lb></lb>primum tribuitur functio; verùm ipſa per ſe non operatur: operatur autem per ſe indiuiduum, <lb></lb>idcirco adeſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> quod ab ipſa functione nomen accepit, & cuius eſt aliquid pri<lb></lb>mùm excipiens, vnde conuenit illi planè nomen functionis, ſed per aliud, mirum ni per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic in motu dicebat ineſſe <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> calorem philoſophus, & <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> eſſe in animo; cùm tamen calefieret ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1683"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mal, & <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> vocaretur, & viueret animal, quanuis calefieret per motum, & per <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> viueret. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter hunc <expan abbr="efficiẽdi">efficiendi</expan> modum, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ab Ariſtotele & Alexandro <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> fuiſſe <foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὁ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>per quod, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1684"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeu ſecundùm quod, non ſemel obſeruauimus. </s> <s>Nam character ille <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt omnibus cauſsis <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τὸ διὰ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>propter quod ſpeciatim <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὑφ' οὗ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>à quo, hic verò propriè notat efficiens: prę<lb></lb>tereà <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἐξ οὗ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ex quo: qua voce materia ſignificatur, quanuis ea nota quoque ſoleant interna <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1685"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principia ſignificari, ac tali voce formam, nec verò ſeorſum, ſed vnà cum materia <expan abbr="expoſitã">expoſitam</expan> fuiſſe <lb></lb>meminerim, vt, cùm dicitur à Porphyrio res ex gemino principio <expan abbr="cõſtare">conſtare</expan> materia videlicet & for<lb></lb>ma. </s> <s>Et cùm duplex ſit cauſſæ modus in materia, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> anteà diximus, obſeruo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mo<lb></lb>dum poſteriorem, ſic ab Ariſtotele expreſſum <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ</foreign>. </s> <s>Nanque ita loquitur, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἠχὼ δὲ γινεται ἀπὸ</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1686"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τοῦ ἀέρος ἐνὸς γενομένου</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>Echo verò fit ab aëre, qui vnus factus eſt: aër autem ſoni materia ſine <lb></lb>controuerſia ponitur, nec vt id ex quo, ſed quòd ipſum conſequatur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubſtantia poteſt <lb></lb>accidentis eſſe materia, tanquam potentia, qua principium ex quo verè <expan abbr="proprieq́">proprieque</expan>. </s> <s>determinatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnde etiam <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ποιεῖν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>facere metaphoricè materiæ tributum <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſt, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> inquit Ariſtoteles <foreign lang="grc">ὁ ποιῶν</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1687"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀκούειν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>qui facit audire. </s> <s>Prætereà comprehendit <foreign lang="grc">τὸ οὗ ἐνεκα</foreign> .i. </s> <s>cuius gratia qui finis eſt, & <foreign lang="grc">τὸ <lb></lb>καθ' ὅ</foreign>, quod iam formæ ipſius eſt proprium. </s> <s>Quocirca ſecundùm naturam aſcenſus in aëre in<lb></lb>eſſe dicitur, & mixta moueri ſecundùm <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> illud quod dominatur, quòd ſecum afferat cer<lb></lb>tam <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> in mixto ex qua naſcitur motus ipſi reſpondens, & vita ineſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan>, <lb></lb>atque is modus ab Alexandro ſæpiſsimè receptus eſt. </s> <s>Quanquam & in iis quæ materiæ comitan<lb></lb>tur, vſurpari poteſt iſte character, opinor, quòd eo notetur imago <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> formę, dum id ſignifi<lb></lb>catur quod naſcitur ex ipſo, nec <expan abbr="trãsfunditur">transfunditur</expan> ad aliud, & explicatur ratio formalis, per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ineſt <pb pagenum="248"></pb>attributum propoſitum. </s> <s>Quapropter inter materiam & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> inuerſa quædam ſimilitudo in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1688"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tercedit. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti formam ſequitur <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, & ineſt in compoſito ſecundùm formam, ſic quia <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> conſequatur, ſecundùm materiam ineſſe dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt idem character ad vtrunque <lb></lb>cauſſæ genus accommodetur. </s> <s>Contrà etiam, quia materia ſubiectum eſt, eò quòd illi tribuitur <lb></lb><expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, ſic cùm aliquid formę tribuatur, ipſa quoque degenerat in ſubiectum. </s> <s>Cùm ergo forma <lb></lb>hìc ſubiecti vice fungatur cuius eſt pati; cùm etiam forma fit ratio, & per quod mouetur compo<lb></lb>ſitum; neceſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, vt cauſſa ſit affectionis, ſeu paſsionis; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>principium patibile, non <lb></lb>ſanè, vt patiatur, quia ſit obnoxia tranſmutationi, velut materia (quod video decepiſſe quoſdam <lb></lb>Latinos) ſed quia ſit ratio paſsionis, & id per quod <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> patitur, cùm talem <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> per ipſam <lb></lb>fuerit conſecutum: nam patitur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſed longè alio pacto, quia .ſ. </s> <s>de potentia transfe<lb></lb>ratur ad actum per ſuiipſius tranſmutationem. </s> <s>Ita vt, cùm duo ſpectentur in eo quod mouetur, <lb></lb>quippe ratio potentiæ certo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> actu pręfinitę, & ipſa potentia; hæc profectò in ipſo profici<lb></lb>ſcatur à materia, potentiæ verò determinatio naſcatur à forma. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt duo motio<lb></lb>nis initia, atque illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> interna reperiantur in ſubſtantia naturali, materia .ſ. </s> <s>& forma per quæ <lb></lb>motum adipiſcetur hoc pacto; quoniam per illa mouebitur: non certè quia moueatur ab his; <lb></lb>nam ſic ab efficiente mouetur, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> à fine, ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> cauſſa ſint & ratio, per quam ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1689"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> moueatur, <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> beneficio <expan abbr="cõſecuta">conſecuta</expan>, quòd excipiat motum, & quòd certa ratione <lb></lb>id faciat. </s> <s>Ob eam igitur rem; quia cauſſæ ſunt, quòd ſubſtantia moueatur; dicentur optimè pati<lb></lb>bilia principia. </s> <s>Non ergo quia <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> efficiant, hoc eſt moueant: id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iam ipſius efficientis eſt mu<lb></lb>nus, quod animali excepto, manet extra mobile, ſed de illo <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> non agitur; verùm, quia per <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>moueatur, extra verò ſit id quod mouet, quod neque mouet <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> deformem, & rudem, aut <lb></lb>omnino quodlibet, ſed hoc quod certa forma pręditum eſt, cuius functio talis eſt motus qui co<lb></lb>mitatur eiuſmodi formæ. </s> <s>Cur autem ita ſint materia & forma cauſſa motus, explicare non licet. <lb></lb></s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> videtur hoc habere cauſſam per ſe, ſed eſſe illarum eſſentia. </s> <s>Neque id mirum, quandò <lb></lb>etiam aliàs ſæpè contingit, vt <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> talia ſint quæ cauſſa vacent, & ipſa ſint <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> cauſſæ, & per <lb></lb>ſe neutiquam demonſtrari poſsint. </s> <s>Quanuis non me lateat Philoponum reddere voluiſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>; <lb></lb>cur materia motui ſubiiciatur, & aſſeruerit eam eſſe <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan>, ex quo efficiatur, vt tota ſimul ea<lb></lb>dem forma non poſsit eſſe affecta; ex eo verò ſequatur, quòd ex parte & per ſucceſsionem acci<lb></lb>piat: id verò nil aliud planè eſt, quàm motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> vidit ipſe tolli genus illud mutationis quod <lb></lb>vndique ſimul fieri diximus. </s> <s>Nec non quòd aduerſabatur Ariſtoteli, licet id ipſe de induſtria ſæ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1690"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pe commiſerit. </s> <s>Negabat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magnus præceptor in vacuo motum, quanuis eſſet diſtantia. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi diſtantia cauſſa eſt motus in materia, negari non poterit, quin motus in vacuo fiat. </s> <s>Itaque, cùm <lb></lb>fit ibi diſtantia, nec motus in vacuo fieri queat (ſaltem ex decreto Ariſtotelis cuius nunc veſtigiis <lb></lb>hæremus) motus ergo non proficiſcitur à diſtantia. </s> <s>Talis enim eſt natura primarum <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt iis poſitis, aut ſublatis ſimul etiam primò ponantur, aut tollantur effectus. </s> <s>Sed hæc poſteà plu<lb></lb>ribus. </s> <s>Quanuis autem ea quæ 6. Phyſ. conſtituta ſunt, videantur eam cauſſam attingere quæ pe<lb></lb>titur à diſtantia: memineris Ariſtotelem à motu ſecundùm locum per <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan> de reliquis ferre <lb></lb><expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>, in eo verò diſtantia non eſt cauſſa motus ſimpliciter, quà .ſ. </s> <s>eſt diſtantia, ſed quà diſtantia <lb></lb>eſt quodammodò materia ipſius vbi. </s> <s><expan abbr="cumq.">cumque</expan> diſtantia in cęteris motibus reperiatur & plurimùm <lb></lb>mutationes per parteis ſubiecti fiant, <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> propter <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> eius euenti id quod diuiſioni ma<lb></lb>teriæ conuenit ſecundùm <expan abbr="potentiarũ">potentiarum</expan> gradus, adſcripſiſſe partitioni ſubiecti. </s> <s>quod tamen neque <lb></lb>neceſſarium, neque cauſſa vera motus exiſtit. </s> <s>Ex his elucet nunc opimè vis eius definitionis. </s> <s>Prin<lb></lb>cipium motus & quietis, ſeu principium quòd moueatur & quieſcat. </s> <s>Verùm cùm de motu ſer<lb></lb>monem prius habuerimus, eandem quoque rationem accommodare licebit ad quietem. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>& ipſa mobilis eſt perfectio, quatenus tale: <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis quàm motus. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt quies natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1691"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ralis, atque eſſe in ſuo proprio, & naturali loco. </s> <s>Quòd ſi eſſe in ſuo loco eſt eius perfectio quod <lb></lb>mouetur; ita erit etiam quies naturalis. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſicut per formam motus ineſt ineſt in elemen<lb></lb>to, & eſſe in ſuo loco eſt ex conſequentibus <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; ſic ſe habebit etiam quies, ea ſola interceden<lb></lb>te differentia, quòd cùm proficiſcatur vtrunque à materia ſimul & forma, motus pendeat magis <lb></lb>à materia, quia verò contra ſit magis apta ex forma. </s> <s>Nam motus continet in ſeipſo rationem <lb></lb>poteſtatis quæ vniuerſa petitur à materia; quies autem rationem actus qui deſcendit à forma.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1678"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1679"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1680"></margin.target>a 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1681"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1682"></margin.target>b 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1683"></margin.target>c 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1684"></margin.target>d Q 8. <lb></lb>1. de An. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1685"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1686"></margin.target>e 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 80.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1687"></margin.target>f 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 81.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1688"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1689"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1690"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1691"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur rationes quæ ad alteram partem problematis de vi forma ſolent afferri. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB his tranſeo nunc ad oppoſita diluënda inter quæ primò nobis occurrit ponderatio <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> <lb></lb>vocum <foreign lang="grc">ἀρχὴν τοῦ κινεῖσθαι καὶ ἠρεμεῖν</foreign>. </s> <s>ex quibus illi, cùm talem <expan abbr="sẽſum">senſum</expan> expreſſerint, quòd <lb></lb>natura dicatur, ita <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus & quietis, quia <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> & quietem in aliquo efficiat; apparet <lb></lb>ſatis <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> hallucinati fuerint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> præterquàmquòd à veritate diſcedunt; id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> partim <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan> <lb></lb>ſuprà, partim poſthàc intelligetur. </s> <s>habent <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> ſe Ariſtotelis ipſius <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> qui in <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1692"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="249"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1693"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à nobis allatum & accepit, & interprętatus eſt eiuſmodi verba & expreſsè docuit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vim <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1694"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe definitionis, quòd natura eſſet patiendi, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> efficiendi principium, nec modò in latione, <lb></lb>verùm etiam in aliis motibus ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Quinetiam interprętatio noſtra cum rerum <lb></lb>natura & artificio dialectico mirificè <expan abbr="cõgruit">congruit</expan>, & cum ipſa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> natura, quia cùm motus duobus <lb></lb>principiis innitatur, mouente ac mobili; pręcipuè tamen eſt in mobili, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in mouente. </s> <s>Quare <lb></lb>etiam ſi per motum noteſcere debuit natura, probabilius fuit, ne magis neceſſarium dixerim, <lb></lb>definire ipſam per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quatenus reſpicit mobile, potius quàm vt intuetur mouens: cùm diale<lb></lb>ctico verò artificio: proptereà quòd exponitur natura per illud cuius eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan> mo<lb></lb>re primum conſueto quo Ariſtoteles initia rerum explicare ſolitus eſt; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per alia principia <lb></lb>declarari poſſunt: propinquius <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ſibi ipſi quodque eſt, quàm alij: at iam, quà forma eſt, <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <lb></lb>ideſt, eſſe rationem motus: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> intrinſecum eſt rei quę mouetur, vt efficiens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quòd alij, qua<lb></lb>tenus aliud, ineſt ea vis multò remotius. </s> <s>Illud verò prorſus ridiculum, quòd eæ voces accipiendę <lb></lb>ſint ſub poteſtate agendi, & illud <foreign lang="grc">κινεῖσθαι</foreign> idem valere, ac <foreign lang="grc">κινεῖν</foreign>, tanquàm ſit <expan abbr="verbũ">verbum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>: <lb></lb>nanque illi reſpondere oportet <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> vocem <foreign lang="grc">ἠρεμεῖν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>quieſcendi. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe habet natura ad quie<lb></lb>tem, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ad motum. </s> <s>Quamobrem, ſicut ponitur ita principium, quia faciat motum; <lb></lb>conſimili ratione principium debet eſſe quietis, vt faciat quietem. </s> <s>hoc verò falſum eſt, cùm eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1695"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vis ſit patiendi, ac ſi vox alteri par accipienda foret, ea eſſet <foreign lang="grc">ἠρεμιζειν</foreign>. </s> <s>Mitto nunc, ne more <expan abbr="gram-maticorũ">gram<lb></lb>maticorum</expan> in vi verborum nimis inſiſtere videar: quod tamen <expan abbr="vtinã">vtinam</expan> in Ariſtotelęo contextu ob<lb></lb>ſeruaretur; nam ſic innumerę ineptiæ de Ariſtotelica philoſophia pellerentur. </s> <s>Sed ne videar hîc <lb></lb>excurrere velut equus in planitie, mitto, quòd <expan abbr="cõmunium">communium</expan> verborum vſus non <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <expan abbr="frequẽs">frequens</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vt toties ab Ariſtotele in ipſa definitione quæ cęteroqui per ſeipſam voceis vſitatas poſtulat, <lb></lb>& abhorret ab inſuetis, & in definitione naturæ, quæ adeò princeps eſt in hac methodo, & vnde <lb></lb>lumen per vniuerſam naturę <expan abbr="contemplationẽ">contemplationem</expan> effunditur, repeti debuerit, præſertim propria ſup<lb></lb>petente: illud moneo duntaxat, ſi <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt ea definitio, & vnà <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>complecti<lb></lb>tur: ſi voces illæ ſub agendi figura capiendæ ſunt; efficietur inde, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> materiam ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>mouendi & quieſcendi, quia <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> faciat & <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, quòd planè & ab Ariſtotelis inſtituto, & à ſen<lb></lb>ſu <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> abhorret. </s> <s>ita vt nulla controuerſia de <expan abbr="verborũ">verborum</expan> vi reſtet, ac ſiquis velit alteram partem <lb></lb>tueri problematis, is certè non ab iis verbis defenſionis ſuæ cauſſam, ſed ab aliis machinis, atque <lb></lb>argumentis petere cogatur. </s> <s>Quod item ab Ariſtotele dictum eſt. </s> <s>Vnum ſat eſſe ad patiendum, <lb></lb>nihil vtique officit. </s> <s>Etenim pro ſubiecta ſententia verba interpretari oportet. </s> <s>tum verò Ariſto<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1696"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teles de principiorum numero diſſerebat, & ex oppoſitione innumerat tertium quod erat <expan abbr="ſubie-ctũ">ſubie<lb></lb>ctum</expan>, erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> capax contrariorum. </s> <s>de hoc ſubiecto quod excipit vtraque contraria, & verè pati<lb></lb>tur aliam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="excipiẽs">excipiens</expan>, & <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> ſuam ipſius <expan abbr="deponẽs">deponens</expan>, cùm loqueretur ibi philoſophus, <lb></lb>aiebat <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ad <expan abbr="patiendũ">patiendum</expan> ſufficere: forma verò ſolùm eſt ratio <expan abbr="patiẽdi">patiendi</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> patitur, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà, quanuis forma ponatur eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> patibile, non idcirco facit, vt duo ſint principia <lb></lb>neceſſaria ad patiendum. </s> <s>Nec ſub ea voce continetur forma, quia ſit idonea pati, & extrinſecùs <lb></lb>aliam aſſumere naturam. </s> <s>Et quanuis inſtare poſsis, Ariſtotelem à ratione <expan abbr="patiẽdi">patiendi</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>lib. excludere, atque illi omnino tribuere facultatem agendi: nanque numerans duo contraria <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, admonet antiquos cum Platone diſſentire: ſiquidem ipſe duo quidem pati poſuerit, <lb></lb>vnum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> agere; illi contrà, quos imitatus eſt Ariſtoteles, duo ſanè agere, vnum verò pati: agere <lb></lb>oppidò, aut pro eo ſumpſit, quod eſt terminare <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>, aut deſcripſit contraria per id quod <lb></lb>ſibi certè conuenit; verùm non ea ratione qua ſunt natura. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id in hac methodo dum <lb></lb>conſtiterat, quòd hæc principia forent naturæ. </s> <s>verùm in 2. Phyſ. initio declarari oportuit. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>perſpicuum eſt, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> item vi præditam eſſe agendi, licet non in eo in quo eſt: at natura accipi<lb></lb>tur, vt in eo in quo eſt. </s> <s>Et planius illud, quòd tranſmutatio non attribuitur illis vt efficientibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1697"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed vt formaliter immutantibus, quòd illorum præſentia .ſ. </s> <s>efficiat aliud eo prorſus modo quo <lb></lb>efficiendi facultate inſigniuit Ariſtoteles principia mathematica. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd iis immutatis ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1698"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ pendent ex illis immutarentur. </s> <s>Quàm verò falſum illud ſit; Id quod mouetur ab alio non <lb></lb>moueri ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; ex his quę poſteà ſubiicientur, admodum facilè conſtabit: nam mul<lb></lb>ta poſthàc nobis de hac ipſa re dicenda ſunt, & loca Ariſtotelis apertiſsima proponenda, vt nihil <lb></lb>in eius diſciplina conſtantius eſſe videatur. </s> <s>Intereà tamen accipiamus naturalem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſola mo<lb></lb>bilis propenſione contentum eſſe: id quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nobis haud inuiti dabunt, opinor, aduerſarij no<lb></lb>ſtri: quandò etiam cęleſtem motum naturalem eſſe fatentur ſufficiente ad id patibili principio <lb></lb>duntaxat. </s> <s>Sed plura poſthàc. </s> <s>nunc ad alia properemus. </s> <s>Quod opponitur, Deum & naturam nil <lb></lb>agere fruſtrà. </s> <s>Sic natura, non vt forma, ſed generatim ſumpta eſt, & facere <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> eſt, quàm <lb></lb>illud ſignificatum de quo nunc agitur; proptereaquòd ex eo notatur ſolùm progreſſus ipſius ef<lb></lb>fectus à ſua cauſſa, in quocunque genere illa ſit. </s> <s>Etenim neque Deum propriè facere cenſuiſſe <lb></lb>dicemus Ariſtotelem, ſed veluti finem ſolùm. </s> <s>Obſeruo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> apud Ariſtotelem, agendi facultatem <lb></lb>in eo quod ſeparatum eſt, eam poni quę conueniat fini. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tametſi de hoc etiam plura ſunt alio lo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1699"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="250"></pb>co dicenda. </s> <s>nobis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc ea tantum indicaſſe ſufficiat, vnde oppoſitorum fallaciæ detegantur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1700"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Neque obſtant item characteres quibus efficientes cauſſæ deſcribi ſolent, qui cum Deo, tum na<lb></lb>turæ tribuantur ab Ariſtotele: ſiquidem iis philoſophi perſæpè abutantur, quemadmodum nos <lb></lb>anteà quoquo modo ſignificauimus. </s> <s>Iam verò, quod obiicitur; Agere proprium eſſe formæ. </s> <s>hoc <lb></lb>ita proprium eſſe accipiendum eſt, non ſanè quòd ipſi nullo modo conueniat ratio patiendi, aut <lb></lb>quòd ipſi agendi ratio <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>, quatenus eſt forma, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> eadem forma plureis ſubit rationeis <lb></lb>& efficientis & finis. </s> <s>verùm, quia per id à materia ſegregetur, quoniam ipſa ſolum patitur, agit <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> propriè nunquam, forma verò ſemper agere poteſt, & omnis forma naturalis. </s> <s>attamen non <lb></lb>id efficit, quatenus eſt natura propriè ſumpta & forma, ſed tum degenerat in efficiens, quòd na<lb></lb>tura non eſt, aut non præcipuè, veluti conſtitit, cùm ſignificata naturæ ſuprà recenſuimus, quod <lb></lb>item in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> partem <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt verè forma efficiat: nam verè & per ſe actio <expan abbr="indiuiduorũ">indiuiduorum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> agant indiuidua per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, neque tamen in ſeipſa, ſed in alia ſubiecto differentia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Illud etiam quod contrà dicitur: Naturam habere vim mouendi illud in quo eſt: poſtulat item <lb></lb>vt communius interprętemur, quia ſcilicet producat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> id faciat, ſiue vt effi<lb></lb>ciens, ſiue vt forma. </s> <s>addo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd vim habeat immutandi formaliter, & quòd ſit quacunque <lb></lb>ratione principium motus; nam <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> item ea deſcriptio <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, cui vis omnis agendi de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1701"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>negatur. </s> <s>Et vtraque materia .ſ. </s> <s>& forma ſunt principia quæ vim habent exhibendi motus illi in <lb></lb>quo ſunt, efficiens verò, quatenus huiuſmodi, externum eſſe cognoſcemus aliàs. </s> <s>ac forma qui<lb></lb>dem, quia ſit ratio, propter quam materia certis motibus agitari poſsit, quæ cęteroqui per ſe infi<lb></lb>nita eſt, <expan abbr="præq́">præque</expan>. </s> <s>appetitus infinitate, ad <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> formas excipiendas æquè propenſa, incerta quò ferre<lb></lb>tur, otioſa torperet. </s> <s>Ad locum verò 2. Phyſ. reſpondemus, Ariſtotelem eiuſmodi exemplis ſigni<lb></lb>ficaſſe nobis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> finis in natura exiſtit; ita quoque dari efficiens, atque innuiſſe (ne<lb></lb>que <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> demonſtratur eſſe efficiens, cùm ſit cauſſa manifeſtiſsima per ſe in natura, ſed perſuadetur <lb></lb>ſolùm: ſicuti neque demonſtratur eſſe finis: ſed id ſolum, quòd natura agat propter finem) hæc <lb></lb>ſimul ineſſe in natura, per illa quidem <expan abbr="exẽpla">exempla</expan>, vt non eſſe parem prorſus <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> credamus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>quæ in exemplis accepta fuerunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in natura: quandoquidem in iis <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> eſt indiuiduum <lb></lb>idem ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, quod tamen idem ad ſpeciem ſolùm eſt in natura, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> paullò ante <lb></lb>fuerat ab ipſomet philoſopho explicatum. </s> <s>Sed ego ineptus, qui cùm habeam Ariſtotelem <expan abbr="vin-dicẽ">vin<lb></lb>dicem</expan> huiuſce difficultatis eum mihi patronu non parem. </s> <s>Ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> docuit <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita dici <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1702"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>intrinſecum eo, quae homo <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> generat, nec alterius <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> eſt faciens ab eo, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> fit. </s> <s>Non igitur in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1703"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> faciens & patiens in natura. </s> <s>De reditu verò aquæ ad <expan abbr="priſtinũ">priſtinum</expan> <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan>, <lb></lb>& de motu <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> poſtea: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="trãſmutatione">tranſmutatione</expan> <expan abbr="cõſimilis">conſimilis</expan> eſt ipſius naturę progreſ<lb></lb>ſus; ab eodem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principio refrigeratur aqua, à quo elementum extra <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> locum vi manens, <lb></lb>vbi dimiſſum fuerit, ad <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ſe conuertit. </s> <s>Inſuper id quod Ariſtotelico more <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vbi principium patiens ibi quoque fore agens, pertinet quidem ad principia quæ ponuntur eſſe <lb></lb>naturæ, non tamen ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua ſunt naturæ proprij ſignificat, quòd in præſentia quærimus. </s> <s>Nec <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele affertur in eum ſenſum, vt mens ipſa agens immutet alteram <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> quæ <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan> in <lb></lb>potentia, ſicut ferunt naturam quæ eſt forma, afficere materiam. </s> <s>Proinde actio mentis illius à <lb></lb>pleriſque philoſophis erga phantaſmata ponitur quæ tanquàm extrinſecùs reſpicit, & ſic agit in <lb></lb>aliud, quatenus aliud, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in illud ipſum in quo exiſtit. </s> <s>Itaque <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet idem curſus mentis actuo<lb></lb>ſæ & formæ. </s> <s>Tranſtulit item Alexander in ea hypotheſi nomen agentis ad Deum quod eſt pror<lb></lb>ſus mouens ſeparatum, neque vel ipſo auctore mouet, niſi vt finis. </s> <s>Ideò peccat ea ratio multis <lb></lb>modis fallens ambiguo dum accipit agere quod eſt mouere, cùm tamen actio communiter acci<lb></lb>piatur; tum deinde tribuens formę, ſimpliciter id quod ipſi conuenit, quatenus eſt efficiens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>aſſumens formam agere in id in quo eſt, quemadmodum agit in aliud. </s> <s>Apparet etiam poſtremi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1704"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>argumenti <expan abbr="aſſumptionẽ">aſſumptionem</expan> eſſe falſam; cùm accipitur, quòd tanquàm <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> inſit in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> corpore <lb></lb>naturali, quod <expan abbr="animãtis">animantis</expan> ipſius eſt <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, nempè ea ſe per ſe mouere. </s> <s>mouentur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab alio, qua<lb></lb>tenus natura conſtant. </s> <s>Hiſce viſis & ſedulò perſpectis iam liquere arbitror, vt non admirabile ha<lb></lb>bendum ſit, neque contra <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan>, neque pugnare ſecum id quod aiunt: Naturam prius <lb></lb>prædicari de forma, quàm de materia, & quod nos ipſi profitemur. </s> <s>Naturam ſignificare prius pa<lb></lb>tibile quàm actuoſum principium. </s> <s>Niſi velint. </s> <s>Naturam ſignificare prius principium cui accidit <lb></lb>eſſe actuoſum. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> penitus eſt verum, ſed non id reuocatur in controuerſiam: cęterùm cuiuſ<lb></lb>modi'nam ſit illud <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> per ſe, quod præcipuè <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> vocamus, cui accidit eſſe actuoſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et in eam ſententiam veniſſe dicimus omneis Græcos Ariſtotelis interprętes pręter vnum <expan abbr="Philo-ponũ">Philo<lb></lb>ponum</expan>, quos etiam è Latinis ſcriptoribus nobiliſsimos quoſque ſecutos fuiſſe ſcimus, in qua re cę<lb></lb>cutientes nonnulli, neque Simplicij, & Theodori mentem aſſecuti, & falsò illos inſimularunt, & <lb></lb>fruſtra in ipſos inuecti ſunt: nempè, quia naturam ipſi dixiſſent, de principio patibili prędicari, <lb></lb>quia materia foret huiuſmodi, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> excludi categoria naturę, & hoc paralogiſmo commiſſo in <lb></lb>quo euidens eſt fallacia <expan abbr="cõſequentis">conſequentis</expan>, quæ ex hypotheſi falſa duxit originem, multa verba inania <pb pagenum="251"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1705"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prorſus effuderunt. </s> <s>Ac ſiquid in Simplicium notari potuit, illud ſit, quòd primum naturæ ſigni<lb></lb>ficatum voluerit eſſe efficiens, quod non <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> fecit Ariſtoteles accepta natura communiſsimè, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt eſt principium internum. </s> <s>Quanquàm etiam pro Simplicio dici poſſet, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>nomine cum <lb></lb>Ariſtotele conciliaretur, quòd id quod in vi vocis obſeruauit Ariſtoteles, animaduerterit Simpli<lb></lb>cius in ingenio rei per vocem expreſſæ, hoc eſt, quòd Ariſtoteles acceperit id cui naturæ nomen <lb></lb>prius conueniat, & hoc dixerit eſſe formam. </s> <s>Simplicius, non ſumpſerit, quod eſſet primum na<lb></lb>turæ ſignificatum, ſed primum <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ ſignificantur nomine naturæ. </s> <s>Vt, ſiquis dicat <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>prius dici de <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, & tu aſſeras Deum eſſe primam ſubſtantiam, ille reſpicit id quod principa<lb></lb>liter ab eo nomine notatur: tu eam quę ſubſtantiarum omnium prima eſt. </s> <s>Efficiens verò potius <lb></lb>eſſe principium quàm formam, ſi cauſſę rationem reſpexeris, non eſt, quòd dubitemus; quandò <lb></lb>vim habet producendi formam, & propter actum quem habet, natura præcedit, & tempore: <lb></lb>cùm alioqui forma lateat in poteſtate materiæ, & vnà cum effectu exiſtat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1692"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1693"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1694"></margin.target>a 4. de cę<lb></lb>lo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1695"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1696"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1697"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1698"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1699"></margin.target>c 1. de or<lb></lb>tu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1700"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1701"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1702"></margin.target>a 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1703"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1704"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1705"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Affertur demonſtratio 7. Phyſicorum qua probatur nil à ſeipſo moueri primò. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI natura, vt dixit Ariſtoteles, eſt principium vnde patitur illud in quo eſt, planum quoque eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1706"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea quæ ſecundùm naturam mouentur, ab alio moueri: nec vllum ſatis efficax argumentum <lb></lb>occurrere poteſt quo conuincamur, pręterquàm in motu animalis ſimpliciter, id quod mouetur, <lb></lb>ab interno principio moueri, niſi, quatenus à natura, res naturales ad hunc, aut illum motum, cer<lb></lb>tam propenſionem aſſequuntur. </s> <s>hoc verò, ſi quo pacto efficit motum, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> id ſimpliciter facit, ſed <lb></lb>metaphoricè. </s> <s>Quanquàm & in animali ipſo, ſi res ſedulò perpendatur; & id quod mouet, aliud <lb></lb>eſt ab eo quod mouetur. </s> <s>sed enim motus animalis ſpeculatione ad alium reiecta locum, de prin<lb></lb>cipiis motus in natura <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> agamus. </s> <s>& poſtquàm à nobis <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> eſt naturam propriè <expan abbr="ſumptã">ſumptam</expan> <lb></lb>non efficere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, niſi metaphoricè, & aliud deſiderare <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quod extrinſecùs verè motum <lb></lb>efficiat in ſubſtantia naturali; cùm de <expan abbr="cõditionibus">conditionibus</expan> veri motoris multa dicenda ſubueniant, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>apprimè neceſſaria ad id, vt ſciamus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> producatur motus à forma, <expan abbr="ponduſq́">ponduſque</expan>. </s> <s>Maxi<lb></lb>mum habeat in tractatione <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> motus, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ab Ariſtotele cum 7. tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>8. Phyſ. excitata fuerit quæſtio, præſtat nunc (poteſt fieri vt fallar) vt ante alia tranſigatur. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>cùm ea ratio contineat duas parteis: alteram, qua concluditur ad vnum primum mouens ſimpli<lb></lb>citer in genere corporum eſſe <expan abbr="veniendũ">veniendum</expan>: atque <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan>, qua efficitur, nihil à ſeipſo moueri primò; <lb></lb>nos hanc partem, vtpote, quæ magis faciat in rem præſentem, nunc tractare inſtituimus, alteram <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1707"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tantum attingemus, & <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> noſſe neceſſe ſit ad eorum intelligentiam quæ mox <expan abbr="cõſequentur">conſequentur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò quod mouet, cùm extra ſit, id aut eſt efficiens propriè, cuius vim & <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> libro ſuperiore <lb></lb>generatim tractauimus, aut etiam eſt ipſe finis, qui <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan>, ſicut pręſtantiſsima cauſſa perhibetur, <lb></lb>ſic etiam prima, vt neque item ipſum efficiens, niſi conſtituto fine moueat: finis autem reliquas <lb></lb>omneis cauſſas impellat ad agendum. </s> <s>Tametſi nos finem, non ſic <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> cauſſam facimus, quin <lb></lb>ipſi formam ſimpliciter anteponamus, haud ignari ſolam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ nomine <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ εἰδους</foreign> exprimi<lb></lb>tur, eſſe poſſe abſolutam, <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> verò continere ſemper <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> quam cętera ad ipſum habeant, <lb></lb>& optimè ſcientes finem eſſe per ſe ipſum prius actum & <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, ſed animaduerſa functione re<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> principiis & cauſsis exploratis, in quæ functiones <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. </s> <s>reſoluuntur; <lb></lb>cùm in munere fungendo pendeant reliquæ omnes à fine, fini principatum damus. </s> <s>Itaque ex iis <lb></lb>quæ cum ſuperiore capite, tum pręſenti dicta ſunt, corollarium addamus. </s> <s>Si eſſentiam ipſam per <lb></lb>ſe ſpectemus, omnibus modis formam eſſe proferendam: ſi quatenus officio cauſſæ funguntur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> primas ferre parteis, proximè ab eo eſſe efficiens. </s> <s>Sed hoc obiter indicato redeo ad <expan abbr="inſtitutũ">inſtitutum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Talis igitur eſt ordo cauſſarum. </s> <s>Ex quo etiam multa in quæſtionem cadere oportet; primùm, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1708"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>an'ne omnis motus in extrinſeca principia reſoluatur. </s> <s>Deinde vtrùm in omni motu neceſſarium <lb></lb>ſit efficiens nec'ne, quod eò ſpectabit, vt intelligamus, vtrum'ne finis ipſe ſine opera efficientis <lb></lb>poſsit creare motum. </s> <s>Mox reliqua quæ illuc pertinent, vt noſcamus quæ'nam ſit ratio finis, & <lb></lb>quemadmodum motus ab eiuſmodi cauſſa naſcatur. </s> <s>In primis igitur <expan abbr="oſtendendũ">oſtendendum</expan> eſt in omni mo<lb></lb>tu naturali requiri mouens externum. </s> <s>Res autem ea methodo peragetur, vt generatim prius <lb></lb>concludatur omne quod mouetur ab alio moueri, quod à mobili ſeparatum ſit. </s> <s>Ita verò propo<lb></lb>ſiti demonſtratio conficietur. </s> <s>Nam primùm ſtructura demonſtrationis explorabitur; deinde <lb></lb>eius vſus; tertiò genus. </s> <s>Omne igitur quod mouctur (vt rem cominus aggrediamur) aut per ſe <lb></lb>mouetur, aut per accidens, aut per partem, qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vnus eſt modus ex iis qui ſunt per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus id quod per ſe mouetur, aut per ſe mouetur primò, quia .ſ. </s> <s>totum à ſeipſo toto moueatur <lb></lb>aut quia pars vna moueat alteram. </s> <s>Omiſſo eo quod eſt per accidens & per partem: nam quod <lb></lb>eſt huiuſmodi, incertum eſt, neque ſcientiæ ſubiicitur, aut <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> non habet, neque in rerum <lb></lb>natura, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimul in methodo naturali: ita quæritur. </s> <s>Vtrùm aliquid à ſeipſo moueatur primò, <lb></lb>& in ſeipſo motum efficiat, an non. </s> <s>Cùm verò moueat æquè finis & efficiens; non quęritur de <pb pagenum="252"></pb>fine, ſed de efficiente tantummodo. </s> <s>Quoniam autem efficiens eſt <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan>, quemadmodum ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1709"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mal quod frondem <expan abbr="cõmouet">commouet</expan>, aut incorporeum & indiuiduum, velut animus, non de animo: quae <lb></lb>perſpicum ſit eam ab illo differre quod mouetur, ſed de efficiente corporeo nunc agitur. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>id aut longè, aut propè queat eſſe, & cum mobili coniunctum: de vtroque generatim diſſeritur, <lb></lb>quòd etiam remotum cum mobili quoquo modo copulatur. </s> <s>Quamobrem hic erit ſenſus huius <lb></lb>primæ quæſtionis. </s> <s>An ſit aliquod efficiens corporeum quod in ſeipſo faciat motum propriè & <lb></lb>præcipuè, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> metaphoricè, atque illum quidem naturalem ſecundùm locum, per ſe, & non <lb></lb>per accidens. </s> <s>Prætereà quæritur de mobili ſimpliciter, ſeuocato nimirùm ab omni certa forma, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> pro parte <expan abbr="negãte">negante</expan> <expan abbr="cõcluditur">concluditur</expan>. </s> <s>Nil ita moueri, quin ab alio moueatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id ſolùm inductio <lb></lb>ſignificat quæ nobis ponit ante oculos lapidem ab homine pelli, trahi fruges à bobus, & denique <lb></lb>vbi <expan abbr="sĩt">sint</expan> inanima quę <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> obitura ſint, pręſtò <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> moueat, ſicut in <expan abbr="viuẽtibus">viuentibus</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>: quippe <lb></lb>animus. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis huic inductioni <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõcedat">concedat</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> lateat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſuſpicetur <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb></lb>à ſe moueri, ita vt nulla ſit eius pars quæ moueat, quin moueatur <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ratione motus: is non ſe<lb></lb>cus decipietur, atque ille qui, cùm ſit aliquod totum, cuius duæ ſint partes, vna quidem, quę mo<lb></lb>ueat, altera verò quæ moueatur. </s> <s>quæ autem mouet, moueatur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eius quod per ſe moue<lb></lb>tur: ob id exiſtimet totum à ſeipſo moueri; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouetur à ſeipſo tunc, verùm, quia partes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1710"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> moueantur, apparet moueri totum. </s> <s>sed enim, cùm inductio non ſatisfaciat: quandò non <lb></lb>ſuppeditat nobis mouens à mobili diſiunctum in omnibus quæ <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, ideò quoque oportet <lb></lb>hoc theorema validiore ratione munire. </s> <s>Ea verò mihi videtur hoc pacto conſtrui poſſe. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>primùm ſumpta illius proprietate quod per ſe totum primò mouetur, ab oppoſito conſequentis <lb></lb>(appellant verò Græci tale genus argumentationis <foreign lang="grc">τὴν σὺν ἀντιθέσει ἀντιστροφὴν</foreign>) licebit <expan abbr="cõ-plecti">con<lb></lb>plecti</expan> proſyllogiſmum ad propoſitionem inſtitutæ demonſtrationis, hoc pacto. </s> <s>Quicquid per <lb></lb>ſe primò mouetur, ad alterius quietem non ceſſat. </s> <s>Ergo quicquid ad alterius quietem ceſſat, non <lb></lb>mouetur per ſe primò à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Verùm omne totum alterius quiete poſita ceſſat: igitur à ſeipſo <lb></lb>primò non mouetur. </s> <s>Ita vt talis ſit ſtructura noſtræ demonſtrationis ad cuius probationum cę<lb></lb>tera aſſeruntur. </s> <s>Nullum quod ex alterius quiete ceſſat, mouetur primò à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Omne totum ex <lb></lb>alterius, nempe partis quiete ceſſat: non igitur primò à ſeipſo mouetur. </s> <s>Siquis autem deſideret <lb></lb>confirmationem propoſitionis, ita concludetur ab eius proprietate quod primò cietur à ſeipſo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quicquid à ſeipſo mouetur primò, id profectò ex alterius quiete non manebit, ſed perpetuò cie<lb></lb>bitur habens in ſeipſo radiceis omneis motus, vtpote <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> cum efficiendi, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> excipien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1711"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di motum. </s> <s>Ergo ab oppoſito, ſi ex alterius quiete manſerit, id prorſus à ſeipſo primò non moue<lb></lb>bitur. </s> <s>Aſſumptionis autem probatio flagitat eam hypotheſin, de qua plura ſuperiore libro dicta <lb></lb>ſunt, videlicet. </s> <s>Omne, quod mouetur poſſe diuidi ſecundùm. </s> <s>quantum. </s> <s>Fingamus igitur ipſum <lb></lb>in duas parteis eſſe diſſectum, vt AC. totum in parte AB. BC. <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> partem vnam quieſcere <lb></lb>ſtatuamus (quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſi factum eſſe ponatur, falſum ſanè ſecum afferre poterit, neutiquàm <lb></lb>tamen eiuſmodi, quia fieri valeat) Tum quæro an moueatur totum nec'ne. </s> <s>Ita verò nunc <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb></lb>ſumo ſyncategorematicè, vt aiunt, ſpectando ſingulas parteis non ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> .i. </s> <s>vt totum <lb></lb><expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> ratione poſthabita: ſiquidem nouerim & motum appellari totius, vbi moueatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> qua<lb></lb>dam parte quieſcente, vt cùm progredimur, vel etiam cùm vas aqua plenum mutat locum aqua <lb></lb>ſuum ipſius conſeruante: verùm ſic totum in pręſentia non accipio. </s> <s>certè non mouetur totum, <lb></lb>cùm maneat aliqua pars: nanque omnibus partibus conſiſtit illud genus totius. </s> <s>Ergo ſi qua deſit, <lb></lb>iam non amplius ita totum eſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi reſpondeas ex alterius quiete ceſſare, etiam fiet, vt non <lb></lb>moueatur à ſeipſo primò, ſed ab aliqua ſui parte. </s> <s>Talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt conditio cauſſæ primæ, vt ſi ea pri<lb></lb>mò ſublata tollatur effectus, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſita primò ponatur. </s> <s>Itaque ſi parte quieſcente pri<lb></lb>mò quieſcit totum, ad eius item <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> mouebitur primò. </s> <s>Parte igitur quomodocunque ſe haben<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1712"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te, vel moueatur, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> maneat, neceſſariò ſequi totum per ſe primò non moueri à ſeipſo, ſed ab <lb></lb>alio. </s> <s>Quanuis id non abeat in immenſum: aliter efficeretur, vt in tempore finito fieret motus in<lb></lb>finitus: nec ſibi temporis <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. </s> <s>partes pro portione reſponderent, contrà quàm à phyſicis om<lb></lb>nibus conſtitutum fuerit. </s> <s>Sed hoc erit alterius loci. </s> <s>Nunc ſatis ſit, ſi nouerimus nihil à ſeipſo pri<lb></lb>mò moueri. </s> <s>Quòd ſi qua mouentur à ſeipſis, vt certè mouentur; iam ea primò non mouebuntur, <lb></lb>ſed neceſſe erit in duas parteis præcipuas diuidantur, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> altera per ſe moueat, altera verò per <lb></lb>ſe moueatur. </s> <s>Atque adeò vt exploranti diligentius vniuerſum curſum 7. & 8. Phyſ. ita dirigi <lb></lb>poſſe videatur. </s> <s>Vt poſtquàm nil ſeipſum mouet primò, verùm mouetur ab alio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id in infini<lb></lb>tum progredi poteſt in corporibus, ad vnum primum mouens perueniendum ſit. </s> <s>quod, cùm ſit <lb></lb>corpus, ab alio corpore non moueatur, atque id 7. Phyſ. abſoluatur ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Sed cùm & <lb></lb>ipſum ſit corpus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliud agitare poſsit, quin & ipſum protinus moueatur: nil autem à ſeipſo <lb></lb>primò moueri queat, vt nuper <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> eſt, oſtendatur id ita moueri, quoniam conſtet è dua<lb></lb>bus partibus: altera <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quę moueatur per ſe: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quę per ſe moueat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ani<lb></lb>mal <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> per ſe mouetur, è duab. partib. <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan>; corpore <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> mouetur; animo verò qui mouet. <pb pagenum="253"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1713"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>At verò, quia dubium eſſe poterat, quemadmodum pars mouens & mobilis ſe haberet; quando <lb></lb>formæ quæ ſunt principia motus, ſe habent ad materiam dupliciter, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt cum materia di<lb></lb>uiduæ & extentæ per totum, cuiuſmodi ſunt elementorum formæ; aut <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſolam communi<lb></lb>cant ex quadam parte præcipua reliquis, vt fertur eſſe animus. </s> <s>Rurſus id quod per ſe mouetur, <lb></lb>aut animatum eſt, aut inanimum, ſed progreditur Ariſtoteles, vt doceat <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> formam quæ cum <lb></lb>materia producitur & extenditur, eiuſmodi eſſe, vt poſsit mouere <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> cum qua producitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quia verò inanima talem habent formam; efficitur, vt nullum <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan> diuidi poſsit in partem <lb></lb>per ſe mouentem, & partem per ſe mobilem; proinde <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> inanimum poſsit mouere ſeipſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eſt igitur animatum id quod per ſe mouetur eo modo quo poteſt, quia non primò, & hoc ita ſe <lb></lb>habere compertum eſt, vt partem mouentem à mobili, non modò ratione, verùm etiam ſubiecto <lb></lb>diſiunctam habeat. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quia quod per ſe mouetur, aliquando conflatur è principiis <lb></lb>quæ contrarium habent, & idcircò diſſolui poſſunt: hæc idonea perpetuæ ſucceſsionis initia ſta<lb></lb>tui nequeunt. </s> <s>Proinde æterna erunt id quod mouetur, & id quod mouet: etiam ita conſtare <lb></lb>concludetur illud primum mouens corporeum quod per ſe mouetur, vt componatur ex mo<lb></lb>uente quod non ſit tanquam principium illius internum, neque vt materia, neque vt talis forma <lb></lb>quæ pendeat ab ipſa, ſed immateriatum <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, & ab omni tranſmutatione prorſus <expan abbr="abiunctũ">abiunctum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1714"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quapropter illi tribuendam eſſe longè aliam rationem <expan abbr="producẽdi">producendi</expan> motum, atque ea quæ propria <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> quę corpus habent, ſiue ſint ipſa corpora, ſiue etiam corporea, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſunt corporis <lb></lb>actus, & extra corpus ipſum omnino nihil. </s> <s>quæ ſanè 8. Phyſ. colligentur. </s> <s>Hunc igitur ego <expan abbr="ductũ">ductum</expan> <lb></lb>iudico <expan abbr="demonſtrationũ">demonſtrationum</expan> quibus nos Ariſtoteles euexit ad primum motorem. </s> <s>Ita vt facilè nunc <lb></lb>primo ingreſſu appareat, quod ab interpretibus eorum librorum, & dubitatum eſt, & malè decre<lb></lb>tum de differentia, ſeu potius apparente repetitione demonſtrationis illius, qua efficitur. </s> <s>Omne <lb></lb>quod monetur, ab alio moueri, & à Ludouico Buccaferrea præſertim qui vtranque tanquam ſit <lb></lb>eadem, per idem medium concludere conatus ſit, cùm ſint valdè diuerſæ. </s> <s>Nam ea quæ Phyſ. 7. <lb></lb>proponitur, aſſumit corpora <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, ea verò quæ 8. libro affertur, vſque ad partem per ſe mouen<lb></lb>tem peruenit, quæcunque illa ſit, generatim verò eſt, non vnà extento cum ſubiecto, ſed ab ipſo <lb></lb>re ſegregata & qualis eſt animus. </s> <s>Vnde primum mobile ſic ex ſeipſo mouebitur, vt animatum, <lb></lb>quo puncto tanti momenti prætermiſſo mira perturbatio, quinimo à rectè inſtitutæ methodi ra<lb></lb>tione defectio in Ariſtotelicum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>acroamaticum volumen, & in quo ſumma philoſophiæ <lb></lb>peripateticæ conſiſtit, inculcatur. </s> <s>Sed ad demonſtrationem redeo, & ad ea quæ ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1715"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerunt aſſumpta.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1706"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1707"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1708"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1709"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1710"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1711"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1712"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1713"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1714"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1715"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubia contra demonstrationem Ariſtotelicam 7. Phyſ. ex Auerroë potiſſimè <lb></lb>proponuntur. </s> <s>Caput XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED quoniam demonſtratio propoſita à Galeno quem Græci ſapientiſsimum appellare non <lb></lb>verentur, agitata plurimum eſt in iis libris quos ſanè multos de vna demonſtratione conſcri<lb></lb>pſit, & ab Auerroë pro Ariſtotele noſtro dictum eſt contra Galenum; neque item de hoc tacuit <lb></lb>Auicenna, conſentiuntúe omnes qui in hoc loco verſantur, de via qua defendendus ſit Ariſtote<lb></lb>les: inſtar nunc, vt, quod nos quaſi compendiò ſignificauimus, id copiosè peragamus. </s> <s>Veniat er<lb></lb>go in medium primò ſententia magni Auerrois. </s> <s>Ipſe digreditur, & contra Galenum & contra <lb></lb>Auicennam: quandò de propoſitionis illius veritate fuit anceps Galenus. </s> <s>Omne .ſ. </s> <s>quod per ſe <lb></lb>mouetur, ex alterius quiete non manere: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſibi perſuadere potuit, cùm partes totius <expan abbr="eſſen-tiã">eſſen<lb></lb>tiam</expan> compleant in ſuo quæque genere, ſiue, vt quanti, quarum ea vis eſt, vt ſibi quęque vendicet lo<lb></lb>cum ab alterius partis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eius item in quo eſt, loco <expan abbr="ſecretũ">ſecretum</expan>, & à toto amputata, atque ab altera <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1716"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>parte diſtracta ſubſiſtere queat: ſiue eſſentiæ, quarum eſt ea conditio, vt quæ vicem materiæ ſu<lb></lb>bit, à toto & parte ſeparari valeat quę obtinet vim formæ, extra <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſſe non poſsit; veruntamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> inter ſe & cum toto occupant eundem locum ſimpliciter. </s> <s>cùm, <expan abbr="inquã">inquam</expan>, totius ſibi reſpondentis <lb></lb>eſſentiam pars quæque compleat, & vna tamen ex iis quieſcente per alias moueatur totum, non <lb></lb>potuit ſibi perſuadere Galenus, quin, etiam ſi pars vna quieſcat, totum prætereà moueri poſsit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus inter Ariſtotelis dicta repugnantia notabatur, eo quòd ſtatuitur moueri totum ABC. & <lb></lb>ſecundùm omnes ſuas parteis; mox accipitur ipſum ſecari bifariam in AB. BC. & harum <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <lb></lb>manere. </s> <s>At quî fieri poteſt, vt, dum totum mouetur, AB. quieſcat; aut, dum AB. quieſcit, to<lb></lb>tum moueatur? </s> <s>Neque ineptè planè dubitauit Galenus (vt interim iſtud adiiciam) nam ſi qua <lb></lb>lex eſt, qua non liceat accipere <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, quod fieri non poſsit, ea certè eſt, quandò id quod aſſumi<lb></lb>tur antecedenti repugnat. </s> <s>Licet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fingere <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, qui vtraque manu orientem atque <expan abbr="occidentẽ">occidentem</expan> <lb></lb>cęli plagam teneat; licet ponere terram eſſe in orbe Lunę, atque inibi <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> qui cauſſas explo<lb></lb>ret eclipſeos, & alia multa quæ vim naturæ ſuperant; at ſi extra cęlum ſit nihil, quòd omnia com<lb></lb>plectatur; non licet accipere <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>. </s> <s>extra cęlum miſsile torquere, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> porrigere manum: <pb pagenum="254"></pb>proptereaquòd hæc ſecum afferunt <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> repugnantiam, extra cęlum nihil eſſe, & ipſum om<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1717"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nia <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan>, & manum vltra ipſum protendi: quandò iam extra eſſet aliquid, eodem <expan abbr="q́">que</expan>. </s> <s>tempore <lb></lb>non eſſet. </s> <s>Sic etiam ſecum hæc pugnant: quia ſequeretur, moueri <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, & non moueri ſimul. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adiiciebat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Simplicius petitionem principij <expan abbr="cõmitti">committi</expan>; cùm in eo quod per ſe primò mouetur, <lb></lb>partem manere ſumatur. </s> <s>Ad illa reſpondere conabatur Auerroës, & ad primùm dicebat argu<lb></lb>mentum Galeni in ambigui fallacia peccare: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duplex ſit id quod eſt per ſe, vel quod op<lb></lb>ponitur ei quod eſt per accidens, vel id quod eſt primò, ac quatenus ipſum: opponitur autem ei <lb></lb>quod eſt per aliud, vt puta, per partem, aut <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, aut genus, atque omnino per <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, ſeu quanti, <lb></lb>ſiue eſſentiæ, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vt aiunt, ſubiectiuam. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles accipit illud per ſe quod opponitur ei <lb></lb>quod eſt per aliud. </s> <s>& hoc modo concludit non poſſe quippiam à ſe moueri per ſe: quoniam ad <lb></lb>quietem partis ipſum quoque manere poteſt. </s> <s>Galenus alterum ſignificatum accipiens eius quod <lb></lb>eſt per ſe, non reputat abſurdum <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> moueri per ſe cuius aliqua pars quieſcat. </s> <s>In eo quidem <lb></lb>quod non mouetur per accidens, <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> non eſt; in eo verò quod non mouetur per aliud, pla<lb></lb>nè fieri nequit. </s> <s>Inquit ſecundò, in omni re naturali primùm eſſe, quod factum eſt, quod dicitur <lb></lb><expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan>: verbigratia, minimum ignis, vel aquæ in quo minore non conſeruatur ignis aut aquæ <lb></lb>natura, in illo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primò permanet. </s> <s>Hoc minimum, quia per ſe conſiſtit, ab aliis partibus ſeparari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1718"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſt, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> quoque ſolet eſſe cauſſa motus in reliquis partibus. </s> <s>Ergo etiam hoc quieſcente, totum <lb></lb>quieſcat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem demonſtratio philoſophi non ad omne partium genus <expan abbr="cõmu-niter">commu<lb></lb>niter</expan> pertinebit, ſed ad eam ſolùm quæ primi illius minimi rationem habet. </s> <s>Idcirco ſic exiſtima<lb></lb>uit ipſe Ariſtotelicam <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> eſſe conficiendam. </s> <s>Omne quod ex alterius quiete manet, ab alte<lb></lb>ro mouetur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quòd mouetur, ex alterius quiete manet. </s> <s>Ergo omne quod mouetur, ab alte<lb></lb>ro mouetur. </s> <s>quarum ſanè <expan abbr="propoſitionũ">propoſitionum</expan> altera eſt neceſſaria, refertur verò aſſumptio in eorum <lb></lb><expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, non quæ fieri poſſunt: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contingens concluſio naſceretur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed accipitur vt inſit, ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1719"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo efficitur concluſio de eo, quòd inſit. </s> <s>liber <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mihi ſemper doctorum <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> verba in melio<lb></lb>rem partem accipere. </s> <s>Nos, vt magis Ariſtoteli conſuleremus, Negantem demonſtrationem con<lb></lb>ſtruximus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſic fit vt inferatur concluſio neceſſarię. </s> <s>Quòd ſi cęlum obiecerit; quod, cùm ſit di<lb></lb>uiduum, <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> tamen habet partem quæ quieſcat, ipſe reſpondet, in cęlo duas eſſe rationeis, alte<lb></lb>ram <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> qua corpus eſt, atque alteram quà eſt tale corpus. </s> <s>quà igitur eſt cęlum, ei reipſa <lb></lb>diuiſio repugnat, atque item quòd eius aliqua pars quieſcat, ſed qua corpus eſt, nihil hæc illi ad<lb></lb>uerſantur. </s> <s>Itaque ratio cùm conſtituta ſit de corpore ſimpliciter, non de tali corpore, nihil incul<lb></lb>cat eorum quæ fieri nequeunt. </s> <s>Veruntamen hæc dicta nullo modo implent <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> meum; vt po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1720"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tius illis primis ego <expan abbr="concedã">concedam</expan> libentius, quàm hiſce poſtremis. </s> <s>Primùm quidem quia ſequetur his <lb></lb>ſtantibus idem; ſi ſumpſerimus <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> quod primò cietur, atque aliam quamlibet <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>: qua<lb></lb>cunque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ceſſante tollitur motus totius per ſe primò: præſertim, ſi totum ſumatur, vt quantum; <lb></lb>quandò id æquè manet in omnibus ſuis partibus. </s> <s>Tùm deinde quòd non de huiſmodi parte; <lb></lb>ſed de parte ſimpliciter in Ariſtotelica demonſtratione mentio facta eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà quòd de quo<lb></lb>libet toto, & vniuersè demonſtratio conſtructa eſt: at ex Auerrois <expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan> ſolùm eſſet de iis quæ <lb></lb>minimum habent quod ſit principium motus; hæc autem non niſi animalia ſunt, ſiue id ſit cere<lb></lb>brum, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> voluit Plato; ſiue cor, aut quod illi proportione reſpondet, quod Peripateti<lb></lb>ci defendunt: quò etiam redditur falſius id quod Auerroës ipſe adiecit: quippe <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> <lb></lb>hanc omnia tam animata, quam inanima <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan>: quandoquidem aut non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> comprehendit, <lb></lb>aut ſi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> per vniuerſa pertinet, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſpectabit certè ad illud <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan>, quod primò per ſe mouetur, <lb></lb>& eſt cauſſa motus in cęteris partibus. </s> <s>Quinimo de omni minimo per ſe poterit excitari quæ<lb></lb>ſtio: moueatur'ne per ſe primò. </s> <s>neque ex vi demonſtrationis huiuſce cognoſcetur, moueat'ne ſe <lb></lb>per ſe primò, nec'ne. </s> <s>Neque n. </s> <s>diuidi poteſt in eas parteis quarum vna ſit per ſe conſiſtens, & ini<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1721"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tium motus: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud minimum non eſſet, aut minus minimo daretur. </s> <s>Sic nihil prohibebit, <lb></lb>quominus ex ſeipſo primò moueatur, aut prorſus immobile manebit, quia non habens partem <lb></lb>quæ ſit principium motus, non quieſcet ex quiete partis. </s> <s>Itaque aut ſemper, aut nunquam omni<lb></lb>no mouebitur. </s> <s>ac ſi pendet ex illo motus totius, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> idem iudicium de totius motu <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> erit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque verò minimum quod eſt principium motus, hic <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> intelligi puto, quia ſit indiuidua: <lb></lb>ſiquidem de tali principio motus non prius agi putem quam 8. Phyſ. vbi quæritur, in animáne <lb></lb><expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan> à ſeipſis. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ſint, patet <expan abbr="aſſumptionẽ">aſſumptionem</expan> illius <expan abbr="argumẽti">argumenti</expan> ab Auerroë <expan abbr="poſitã">poſitam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="falsã">falsam</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1716"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1717"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1718"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1719"></margin.target>a 1. Pr. </s> <s>c. <lb></lb>21.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1720"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1721"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Expenduntur reliqua dicta Auerrois, & id pręcipuè quod attinet ad diuiſionem <lb></lb>corporis cęleſtis. </s> <s>Caput XIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ADVERSVS autem illud quod dictum eſt ad obiectionem à corpore cęleſti deſumptam, <lb></lb>& vniuersè & ſigillatim à philoſophis eſt diſputatum. </s> <s>Primum quidem illud quod totius <lb></lb>Auerrois ſententię baſis eſt, ac fundamentum. </s> <s>quòd .ſ. </s> <s>quicquam ſpeciei repugnet, quod à genera <pb pagenum="255"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1722"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>toleretur. </s> <s>Siquidem ea quæ de genere dicuntur, quatenus eſt genus, ſiue in quid, ſiue in quale, <lb></lb>eadem quoque de omni illius ſpecie prædicentur: nam corpus, quod de animali dicitur, etiam <lb></lb>de homine prædicatur: & ſenſu <expan abbr="pręditũ">pręditum</expan>, aut progrediens de animali ſimul & de homine <expan abbr="dicũtur">dicuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde quia ſequitur propoſitio quæ eſſe non poſsit, cùm prædicatum ſpeciei repugnat, licet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>repugnet generi, veluti rationis compos animali non repugnat, neque tamen eſſe poteſt ea propo<lb></lb>ſitio, equus eſt rationis compos. </s> <s>Cùm ergo ſit animal in equo, nec animali repugnet eſſe rationis <lb></lb>compos; idem erit equus rationis impos, & quia ſit animal, rationis compos. </s> <s>Conſimiliter, cùm <lb></lb>cęlum ſit corpus, & hoc poſsit eſſe diuiduum: neceſſariò quoque cęlum erit diuiduum. </s> <s>Hęc <lb></lb>Auicennæ ratio fuit. </s> <s>Sigillatim verò, quod pertinet ad rem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſequetur non fore ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium id quod in Ariſtotelica ratione colligitur: cùm illud efficitur. </s> <s>Omne quod mouetur, <lb></lb>ab alio moueri. </s> <s>nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prohibebit, quominus à ſe moueatur. </s> <s>Nam, ſi ob eam rem fieri nequit, quo<lb></lb>niam ex quiete partis manere poſsit, & iam cęlum ex partis quiete non manet. </s> <s>Ergo ſequitur, vt <lb></lb>à ſe moueri poſsit. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> collegimus hanc rationem in Auerroëm, eam videntes alio pacto cogi à <lb></lb>nonnullis; in qua certè, ſi diligenter aduertas, nulla neceſsitas apparet. </s> <s>At verò facilè ſeſe expe<lb></lb>diret Auerroës ex illo primo; quòd in iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, veritatem habet illiuſmodi canon, <lb></lb>vt enti non repugnat non eſſe in ſubiecto, quod tamen accidenti repugnat. </s> <s>Cùm igitur cęlum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1723"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ea quæ ambitu cęli continentur, ſint ad vnum, non eſt abſurdum, ſi id quod ſequitur totum, <lb></lb>partibus aduerſetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eaq́">Eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione factum eſt, vt id quod eſt diuidi, & habere primum quod mo<lb></lb>uetur, inſit in corpore ſimpliciter, huic tamen corpori repugnet. </s> <s>Prætereà quòd ex Auicenna op<lb></lb>ponitur, ſatis infirmum eſt. </s> <s>Nam tametſi ea propoſito non poteſt eſſe, equus eſt rationis com<lb></lb>pos; contracta eſt illa natura <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> ad equum, nec eſt amplius animal ſimpliciter, ſed tale ani<lb></lb>mal quod neceſſariò non eſt rationis compos. </s> <s>Verùm ſi animal ipſum vniuerſale ſpectes, ſiue <lb></lb>ſecundùm rem, ſeu rationem ſeparatum; hoc illi non aduerſabitur, neque minus erit ad hoc <lb></lb>animal per ſe propenſum, quàm ad oppoſitum ea ratione qua eſt animal. </s> <s>Nam ſicut ea ratione <lb></lb>qua eſt animal, poteſt eſſe equus, & non eſſe, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe equum eſt illius eſſentia, ſic & rationis <lb></lb>compos & impos eſſe poteſt, & ratione quidem, & poteſtate ſimul vtrunque; re verò in diuerſis <lb></lb>partibus. </s> <s>Sic de corpore & cęlo dicemus, nam corpus à cęlo ratione ſeparatum aliud eſt, & alia <lb></lb>ſuſtinet attributa, neque proptereà ſequitur, vt cęlum ſit diuiduum ſimul, & indiuiduum. </s> <s>Quin <lb></lb>vbi etiam accipiatur ratio ſola: de eodem repugnantia, quatenus idem eſt animo anticipari non <lb></lb>inconuenit, vnde ipſe etiam Ariſtoteles cęlum quieſcere fingit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt ex eius quiete motus initia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1724"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1725"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>veſtiget, & elementa orta quæ tamen æterna eſſe probauerit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Illud quod à nobis oppoſitum eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1726"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>efficax eſſe arbitramur: nanque efficietur id neceſſariò, aut demonſtrationem illam futuram non <lb></lb>eſſe vniuerſalem, aut nil vetare, quominus ſaltem <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> ipſum per ſe moueatur. </s> <s>Ita non ſuppedi<lb></lb>tabit nobis hæc demonſtratio <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan>, qua poſsit inueniri primùm mouens quod ſit ab omni materia <lb></lb>liberum: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum cęlum erit quod per ſe primùm mouebitur, habens in ſe prima ſui motus <lb></lb>initia, nec aliunde accerſita. </s> <s>Quanquam neque planè talis ratio ſatisfeciſſe videtur Auerroi: <lb></lb>proinde poſteriorem excogitauit, quam à philoſophis iunioribus approbatum eſſe perſpicio: ap<lb></lb>pellant verò de extremo conditionali ſic. </s> <s>Omne quod mouetur, cuius ſi pars aliqua quieſcit, to<lb></lb>tum quieſcit, ab alio mouetur. </s> <s>Omne quod mouetur eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Itaque omne quod moue<lb></lb>tur, ab alio mouetur. </s> <s>Incidunt hi viri in <expan abbr="Scyllã">Scyllam</expan> Charybdin euitare cupientes. </s> <s>Nam, quis eſt eius <lb></lb>propoſitionis ſenſus? </s> <s>profectò, quòd illud ab alio mouetur quod habet partem, ex cuius quiete <lb></lb>manet totum. </s> <s>Verùm ego hîc oppono. </s> <s>Aut hoc adiectum arctat <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> propoſitionis, aut non. <lb></lb></s> <s>quòd ſi primùm dederis: ergo medium in prima figura minus amplum erit, qui ſubiectum; ſi ve<lb></lb>rò placeat ſecundùm, aut erit vera propoſitio ſine conditione, videlicet: Omne quod mouetur, ex <lb></lb>partis quiete manet, & ſic nulla vis erit eius conditionis, aut, ſi non ſimpliciter fuerit vera, poterit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1727"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe quippiam quod moueatur non quieſcens ad quietem partis; id autem per ſeipſum poterit <lb></lb>moueri primò. </s> <s>Et ſic Ariſtotelis demonſtratio non attinget ſcopum ſuum, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſariò re<lb></lb>ſoluetur in primum motorem quo contendit. </s> <s>Ex eo quòd nihil ſeipſum mouet primò, occaſio <lb></lb>datur inueniendi motorem à quo primum mobile moueatur: ſiquidem: in infinitum non ſit pro<lb></lb>ceſſus in monentibus. </s> <s>Nec certè negari poteſt, quin nihil olere dialecticæ videatur hæc ratio, ſi<lb></lb>quidem, aut <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ſit adiectæ conditionis officium, ſi non arctat, aut ſi arctat, quin demonſtratio <lb></lb>non ſit vniuerſalis, & id planè ſub dubio relinquat quod potiſsimè veſtigatur. </s> <s>hoc in ea liquidò <lb></lb>apparet, quod accipitur ſecundùm quid, in ferri ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Sic fit, vt eiuſmodi rationum progreſ<lb></lb>ſus inductus ab Auerroë mihi probari non poſsit. </s> <s>Quòd autem opponitur in hypotheſi repu<lb></lb>gnantiam <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan>, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri poſſe, vt ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> moueatur, pars eius aliqua maneat, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> com<lb></lb>mitti principij petitionem, dum ſtatuitur partem in toto manere, quod eſt idem àc ſi totum non <lb></lb>per ſe primo ponatur moueri, quod ſanè poſteà concludendum eſt, ſic reſpondetur. </s> <s>Ac primùm <lb></lb>quod pertinet ad illam hypotheſin generatim, ac ſpeciatim aliqua ſubueniunt quæ non debeant <lb></lb>prætermitti. </s> <s>Nanque illud quod audio placere nonnullis, hypotheſin quæ continet id quod fieri <pb pagenum="256"></pb>nequit, admittendam non eſſe, quòd ex ea ſemper conſimilia conſequantur. </s> <s>Vno enim dato ab<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1728"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſurdo, complura conſequuntur; non ſatis verè pronunciatur. </s> <s>quòd ſi ex eo quod fieri nequit; ali<lb></lb>quid item quod nequeat fieri, naſcitur; non idcirco redundat in id quod proponitur ad conclu<lb></lb>dendum: poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id oriri ex altera parte ratiocinationis quæ fieri poſsit. </s> <s>Secundò accipitur ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="deſtruendũ">deſtruendum</expan>, vt fit in eo genere demonſtrationis quod ab ipſo Auerroë nominatur ex fine deſtru<lb></lb>ctio. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi conſequens cum antecedente cohęreat, & ex ipſo per ſe conſequatur, vt ſi dede<lb></lb>ris <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> volare, quod fieri nequit, etiam ſequitur ipſum habere alas, quia veritas hypotheticę <lb></lb>non in veritate enunciationis, ſed in conſecutionis neceſsitate conſiſtit. </s> <s>Vnde etiam vbi aſſum<lb></lb>ptum eſt id quod fieri nequit, ſi alterum ſimile efficiatur, quod cum antecedente neceſſariò con<lb></lb>iunctum ſit, hypotheſis id aſſecuta eſt quod optauit. </s> <s>In his id quod fieri nequit, non admitten<lb></lb>dum; ſi ex ipſo redundet quod fieri nequit, in conſequens, quod ex eo dignoſcitur, quoniam cę<lb></lb>teris hypotheſibus ſublatis, illæ verò conſeruata ſemper hæreat abſurdum conſequenti, vt ſi po<lb></lb>natur animal <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> eſſe rationis impos, & Socratem eſſe equum, quorum neutrum fieri poteſt; effi<lb></lb>citur <expan abbr="Socratẽ">Socratem</expan> eſſe rationis impotem, quod item eſſe non poteſt. </s> <s>Sed ex eo naſcitur, quòd ponitur <lb></lb>animal <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> eſſe rationis impos. </s> <s>Ex quo fit, vt ſiue ponamus Socratem eſſe equum, ſiue hominem, <lb></lb>nihilominus efficiatur ipſum eſſe rationis <expan abbr="impotẽ">impotem</expan>, quod fieri nequit. </s> <s>Neque dandum illud quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1729"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continet repugnantiam, ſiue quòd vna hypotheſis cum altera pugnet, quomodo ſuperius indica<lb></lb>uimus, vel quòd eadem habeat in ſe ipſa contradicentia, vt quòd cęlum ad medium moueatur; <lb></lb>cùm illud habeat intra ſe: motus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ad aliud. </s> <s>Niſi fortè vnum ſe habeat vt conſequens, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb></lb>vt antecedens. </s> <s>Nam ſic procedit <expan abbr="argumẽtum">argumentum</expan> ab appoſito conſequentis ad <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="antecedẽtis">antecedentis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſtremò genus illud eius quod fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, repudiatur, ſi quod ex eo quod fieri poteſt, infertur, <lb></lb>quaſi fieri non poſsit, naſcatur tamen ex adnexo, quod fieri nequeat, vt ſiquis velit probare mo<lb></lb>tum eſſe in vacuo, quia ſi non eſſet motus, ergo mobile diſtantiam tranſiret in inſtanti. </s> <s>Sed hoc <lb></lb>eſſe non poteſt, fit ergo motus in vacuo. </s> <s>Nanque id non ex eo quòd ibi non ſit motus, efficitur; <lb></lb>ſed ex adnexo vacuo, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> cauſſa eſt illius incommodi. </s> <s>Nunc ad rem. </s> <s>Accipitur vnum, quod eſt <lb></lb>partem manere in toto quod mouetur primò à ſeipſo, quod continet repugnantiam: quapropter <lb></lb>admittendum non eſſet. </s> <s>Hîc profectò non nego contineri <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan>, ſed eſto quòd continea<lb></lb>tur, nil eſſe abſurdi, cùm ratio conſequentis & antecedentis intercedat. </s> <s>Nanque ea vis eſt talis <lb></lb>hypotheſeos, vt in <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> reſolui debeat. </s> <s>Si moueretur per ſe primò non quieſceret ad quie<lb></lb>tem partis, ſed quieſcit ad quietem partis. </s> <s>ergo non mouetur à ſe primò. </s> <s>Quieſcere verò ad quie<lb></lb>tem partis, vt ſenſu perſpectum accipitur, ex quo probatur id quod <expan abbr="obſcurũ">obſcurum</expan> eſt, nempe non mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1730"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ueri à ſeipſo primò. </s> <s>Neque verò puto te abſurdum, & repugnans arbitrari, quòd moueatur, & <lb></lb>interim quieſcat pars, quia non neceſſe eſt id ſupponi, & habet fallaciam quam vocant in ſenſu <lb></lb>compoſito & diuiſo, quòd id qnod mouetur, quieſcit ex quiete partis quidem; ſed non dum mo<lb></lb>uetur; vt primùm enim manet pars, totum quieſcit quod anteà mouebatur. </s> <s>Non credo etiam pe<lb></lb>titionem principij committi. </s> <s>Nanque pars à toto ſaltem ratione ſeiungitur, & in parte quàm in <lb></lb>toto res eſt euidentior: ex quibus tollitur petitio principij, vt optimè notant philoſophi in argu<lb></lb>mento à definitione ad definitum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1722"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1723"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1724"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1725"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1726"></margin.target>b 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1727"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1728"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1729"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1730"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę reliqui pro Ariſtotele dicant de demonſtratione 7. Phyſ. Cap. </s> <s>XIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EA verò quæ dixerunt ij qui Auerroëm ſubſecuti ſunt, haud firma ſatis videntur, ne tamen <lb></lb>videamur, vt inquit Ariſtoteles, homines tanti nominis indicta cauſſa condemnare: nec, ſi <lb></lb>taciti præterierimus, ſine cauſſa eos non ſecuti putemur; inſtituimus hoc capite ſeorſum afferre <lb></lb>quæ ipſi pro Ariſtotele dixerint. </s> <s>Omnibus enim nouum quid videbatur neceſsitas eius conſecu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1731"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionis. </s> <s>Quieſcit ex quiete partis: ergo mouetur ab alio. </s> <s>præſertim cùm totum non modò per ſe <lb></lb>primò queat moueri, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> per partem. </s> <s>quando .ſ. </s> <s>pars adhuc in toto mouetur: fortè etiam, <lb></lb>quia manet pars, & totum mouetur nihilominus. </s> <s>Ob hæc Albertus, D. Thomas, Iandunus ita <lb></lb>vim huiuſce demonſtrationis accipiebant. </s> <s>Omne totum in motu pendet à partibus ſuis quæ <expan abbr="cõ-plent">con<lb></lb>plent</expan> quantum, & vt dicunt, integrantibus ex quo efficitur, vt, ſi <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> pars eius quieſcat, ipſum <lb></lb>non amplius moueatur. </s> <s>Igitur quieſcit ad quietem partis: proptereà mouetur, non à ſeipſo pri<lb></lb>mò, ſed à parte per ſe. </s> <s>Neque volunt eam propoſitionem intelligi ſimpliciter, videlicet, quòd <lb></lb>totum quieſcat ad <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> partis, ſed priuatiuè ſumunt quieſcere .i. </s> <s>non moueri, quia non amplius <lb></lb>totum materialiter <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> mouetur, ſed moueri quidem poteſt: at non totum, vbi etiam quæli<lb></lb>bet pars accipitur, nullo inter eas aut diſcrimine, aut ordine conſtituto, quaſi dicatur, quælibet <lb></lb>pars illa ſit; ſi maneat quæ manere poteſt, non mouetur amptius totum primò. </s> <s>Sed (niſi me ani<lb></lb>mus fallit) ſi talis eſt eorum ſententia, qualem nos audiuimus, aut leue theorema proponitur ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele, aut non ſatis præſtat ipſe quod vult. </s> <s>Nam, ſi abſolutè intelligendum ſit: Omne totum <lb></lb>in motu pendêre ab omnibus ſuis partibus & ineptum & falſum eſt. </s> <s>quoniam, ſi loquamur de <pb pagenum="257"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1732"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>toto materialiter ſumpto, iam patet, quia dempta parte <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> non ſeruatur amplius totum, ideò <lb></lb>neque totum moueri poteſt, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>adeò <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> erat, vt demonſtrationis non indigeret. </s> <s>Falſum <lb></lb>verò, quoniam etiam contingit nonnunquam parteis non moueri, quanuis totum moueatur, vt <lb></lb>in progreſſu, qui motus totius animalis eſt; manus, aut pes locum non mutant. </s> <s>Quare manent <lb></lb>quidem per ſe partes; immò ſi mouentur, per accidens aguntur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>totum mouetur. </s> <s>Adde <lb></lb>quòd Ariſtoteles in iis quæ viuunt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> obſcurum eſſe dicit, quòd habeant intra ſe principium ſui <lb></lb>motus, & ob id quòd à ſeipſis moueantur, ſed in non viuentibus <expan abbr="obſcurũ">obſcurum</expan> eſt, & propter hæc hanc <lb></lb>ipſam demonſtrationem aggreditur, atque vt vniuersè concludat motum in duo principia inter <lb></lb>ſe diſtincta diſſolui, alterum quod vim habeat effectricem, alterum verò patibilem. </s> <s>atqui conſpi<lb></lb>cuum eſt, totum materialiter ſine motu partium exhiberi non poſſe. </s> <s>Poſtremò quæro, ecquis <lb></lb>vſus futurus ſit huiuſce demonſtrationis, <expan abbr="poſtquã">poſtquam</expan> nouerimus totum materialiter acceptum pen<lb></lb>dere à partibus quanti? </s> <s>Cum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc demonſtratio dirigatur ad ea quæ de motore primo ſunt di<lb></lb>ſputanda, quem cognoſcemus à mobili ipſo diſtinctum, non ratione ſolùm, verùm etiam re; quó<lb></lb>nam pacto pertinet illuc, noſſe totum materialiter à partibus ſuis, vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt, pendere in mo<lb></lb>tum, immò ſi pendet ab ipſis, neceſſe non erit excogitare aliud mouens externum: quandò ipſę <lb></lb>parteis per ſe ſufficient ad motum ſuo toti <expan abbr="cõmunicandum">communicandum</expan>. </s> <s>Nanque illud nullius omninò pon<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1733"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deris eſſe puto apud D. Thomam, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> obiiciebat Ludouicus Buccaferrea, quòd ita <expan abbr="manifeſtũ">manifeſtum</expan> eſſet, <lb></lb>Omne id quod per ſe mouetur, diuidi in duas parteis quarum altera per ſe moueretur, altera ve<lb></lb>rò per ſe moueret, vt de hoc non fuerit ab Ariſtotele quęrendum: proptereàquòd hoc ipſum eſt, <lb></lb>quod in hoc libro veſtigatur, præſertim quòd etiam D. Thomas autumat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe principium <lb></lb>patibile eius in quo eſt. </s> <s>Diuo Thomæ ſucceſsit AEgidius, & talem demonſtrationis noſtræ <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan>, <lb></lb>atque probationem protulit in medium. </s> <s>Siquidem accipiat nihil eſſe poſſe cauſſam principem <lb></lb>ſui motus, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>per ſe & primò conueniat; ita vt quodcunque mouetur, ſemper habeat <expan abbr="moto-rẽ">moto<lb></lb>rem</expan> à mobili ſeparatum, ſiue re, ſiue ratione nihil in præſentia referat. </s> <s>Hoc verò theorema ſic pro<lb></lb>bare inſtituit. </s> <s>Primùm enim, quia ſi totum foret cauſſa princeps ſui motus, eſſet ſanè <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> conuerteretur, vt aiunt, ſupra ſeipſum, & pars ad partem quamlibet aptaretur. </s> <s>Deinde verò, <lb></lb>quoniam id quod ineſt in aliquo primò, non poteſt ab eo ſeiungi, tametſi ab omnibus aliis ſegre<lb></lb>gatur. </s> <s>At poteſt totum moueri per ſe primò. </s> <s>Ergo etiam ſi partes quieſcant, adhuc mouebitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò, hoc fieri non poſsit; ſequitur, vt nihil ſe primò queat mouere. </s> <s>Sed concluſionis ſen<lb></lb>ſus admittatur, licet eum à quibuſdam non recipi videamus. </s> <s>At quid de probationibus iſtis? <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1734"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, bone Deus, diſtant ab Ariſtotelicis? </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſtoteles, de inuiduo, neque de eo quod <lb></lb>qoatenus ipſum ineſt, quicquam hîc pronunciauit. </s> <s>Mitto etiam, quòd ea quæ diſputata ſunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> D. <expan abbr="Thomã">Thomam</expan>, valent item aduerſus illum ipſum AEgidium, niſi adſcribat & alia quibus <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> <lb></lb>problema contrahatur. </s> <s>Prætereo quoque prudens robur eius probationum. </s> <s>Nanque vndè'nam <lb></lb>conſtitit vſque adhuc id quod ſeipſum moueret, eſſe indiuiduum? </s> <s>aut etiam indiuiduum moue<lb></lb>re ſeipſum? </s> <s>Quin nihil à demonſtratis abhorrere conſtat magis, oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod mouetur <lb></lb>eſſe partim in termino à quo, partim in termino ad quem: itaque eſſe diuiduum. </s> <s>At ſi quo in <lb></lb>loco minus valet hoc, valet in ipſo Deo in quo idem eſt <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan>, <expan abbr="intelligẽtia">intelligentia</expan>, & id quod intelligitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſiquidem <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan> noſtra, licet indiuidua, ſeipſam non moueat, cùm <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> quoque requirat, à quo <lb></lb>mouetur, 3. verò de Anima conſtabit, quæ ſeipſas intelligunt ſubſtantias eſſe ſine materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mira perturbatio methodorum, & phyſicę, & primæ philoſophiæ coniunctim, & phyſicę <lb></lb>ſcorſum conſequetur. </s> <s>Adde & vitium in ſecunda probatione: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> ipſe totum diſtin<lb></lb>guit à ſuis partibus, atqui totum ſic acceptum idem eſt atque ſuæ partes omnes. </s> <s>Ob eam igitur <lb></lb>cauſſam Scotus eodem ſenſu theorematis noſtri recepto. </s> <s>Nihil ſeipſum mouere primò, cùm vi<lb></lb>deret quippiam ſe primò poſſe mouere dupliciter, vel quia pars vna alteram afficeret, vel quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1735"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecundùm parteis omneis vnà moueretur, expreſsit ſenſum illius in hoc ſecundo modo, atque id <lb></lb>fieri non poſſe voluit ab Ariſtotele probari: ita vt, & ſi priore illo modo multa moueri poſsint, <lb></lb>ne dicam omnia corpora; at ſic moueri, vt ſecundùm parteis omneis ſimul ſeipſum moueat, fieri <lb></lb>non poſsit: aliter in euidentem <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> incideremus, fore <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt quieſcente parte aliqua, quie<lb></lb>ſceret etiam totum: veluti concluſum eſt ab ipſomet Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Rurſus cùm ſe mouere inſit in <lb></lb>mobili primò & per ſe: ergo etiam, ſi quieſcerent partes, adhuc moueretur totum: quamobrem <lb></lb>moueri ſimul, & non moueri poſſet, quod cùm fieri nequeat; fieri item nequit, vt idem ſeipſum <lb></lb>moueat primò. </s> <s>Cęterùm & eodem vitio laborat hæc ratio, quo item AEgidiana laborabat; dum <lb></lb>ipſe diſtinguit totum, vt quantum à partibus ſimul acceptis, nec de altero totius ſignificato, aut <lb></lb>motu qui fit per <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> partem, aut abſolutè, aut collatè hîc mentio facta eſt. </s> <s>Reprehendebat <lb></lb>omnes hos <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> Ludouicus Buccaferrea duplici nomine. </s> <s>Tùm quòd omnes efficerent de<lb></lb>monſtrationem Ariſtotelicam negantem quæ tamen eſſet aiens: dicebant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id concludi, nihil à <lb></lb>ſeipſo moueri primò; cùm tamen Ariſtoteles id colligere, & proponere contendat. </s> <s>Omne id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>mouetur, ab alio moueri. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quòd demonſtratio, ſi conſtrueretur hoc modo, non coge <pb pagenum="258"></pb>retur vniuersè: nanque non tantum de eo concludi poteſt, à ſe non moueri primò cuius motus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1736"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pendet à partibus; verùm etiam de illo cuius motus ab alio quocunque proficiſcitur: nil eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à <lb></lb>quocunque moueatur, quod à ſe primò cieri poſsit. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="cõmittitur">committitur</expan> error ſecundus in vniuerſali <lb></lb>ex huius viri ſententia: ſi ratiocinatio colligatur, vt iam dictum eſt, de eo quod mouet ſeipſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ille, obiiciebat, <expan abbr="tantumq́">tantumque</expan>. </s> <s>tribuebat hiſce ſuis argumentationibus, vt aliis omnibus repudia<lb></lb>tis, afferret ipſe diuerſam <expan abbr="interpretationẽ">interpretationem</expan> quam tamen auctoritate Simplicij profiteretur. </s> <s>ea verò <lb></lb>ſic habet, vt de mobili à ſe primò verba fiant, non <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quia totum materialiter ſumptum mo<lb></lb>ueat ſeipſum, ſed quia diuidatur in duas parteis quarum altera ſit mouens, altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mobilis: ra<lb></lb>tiones verò ſic conſtruantur. </s> <s>Omne diuiduum mouetur ab alio. </s> <s>Omne quod mouetur eſt diui<lb></lb>duum. </s> <s>Ergo omne quod mouetur, ab alio monetur. </s> <s>Conſtitit aſſumptio 6. Phyſ. Propoſitio <lb></lb>verò <expan abbr="euidentiã">euidentiam</expan> ex eo conſequitur, quia ſiquid à ſeipſo moueretur, idem foret actu ſimul, & po<lb></lb>teſtate. </s> <s>Sequitur igitur, vt omne quod mouetur, è duplici natura conſtet, altera quidem quæ <lb></lb>moueat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ moueatur. </s> <s>Attamen & hæc interpretatio peruerſa, & omnium peſsima <lb></lb>habenda eſt. </s> <s>Nam cùm Ariſtoteles iis omiſsis quæ manifeſtum motorem habent qui diſtingui<lb></lb>tur à mobili, de illis tantum verba faciat, in quibus id obſcurum eſt: ipſe aſſumit rationem quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ad omnia pertinet quæ mouentur: quandò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa etiam poſsint habere <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſubie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1737"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctum, quod actu, & poteſtate ſimul eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>Prætereo quoque, quòd Ariſtotelem faciat redun<lb></lb>dantem qui iterum repetat eandem demonſtrationem, aut mutilum, quia medium prætermittat <lb></lb>quod cum ſua demonſtratione congruit, & quantum eſt merito ſui prorſus ignotum: necnon, <lb></lb>quòd ex diuiſione mobilis ea duplex natura probetur, quia diuiſio ſecundùm quantum nos illò <lb></lb>minimè perducit, ſed diuiſio ſecundùm parteis quæ complent <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, vt ipſi <expan abbr="arbitrãtur">arbitrantur</expan>: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>tale mobile aſſumunt, quod in eiuſmodi parteis diuidatur; atqui de tali diuiſione nondum men<lb></lb>tio facta eſt. </s> <s>Et apertè ſignificauit nobis Ariſtoteles ſe verba facere de diuiſione ſecundùm quan<lb></lb>tum, vbi accepit eſſe contigua, vel continua mouentia cum mobilibus. </s> <s>Neque dum certè perſpi<lb></lb>cuum erat in ea methodo tale mouentium genus. </s> <s>Quoniam autem in eodem ſenſu ſumitur ea <lb></lb>propoſitio ab aliis eiuſdem ſectę viris; hîc itidem non grauabimur illa proferre quibus liquidò <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan> Ariſtotelem hoc loco parteis quanti conſtituere. </s> <s>Etenim ſtatuitur eiuſmodi pars moueri <lb></lb>& quieſcere, atque inter <expan abbr="mouendũ">mouendum</expan> agitari. </s> <s>quod ab indiuidui natura maximè abhorret; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ma<lb></lb>ximè, ſi moueatur primò. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc tali parti denegatur, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt ex eorum vi quæ aſſum<lb></lb>pta fuerunt. </s> <s>Prætereà, niſi pars illa quæ primò mouet, eſſet quanta; non efficeretur motum infi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1738"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nitum fieri in tempore finito, vbi deinceps moueantur prima mouentia, quòd ex indiuiduo ma<lb></lb>ius, vt noſti, non fiat. </s> <s>Itaque ob eam cauſſam partes quanti in illa demonſtratione continentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque tibi moleſtiam pariat, quia Philoſophus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> item incorporeis <foreign lang="grc">ἁπτεσθαι</foreign> .i. </s> <s><expan abbr="tãgere">tangere</expan>, aut <foreign lang="grc">συνε<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1739"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>χῆ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>continua tribuerit. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de illis metaphoricè prædicantur, ſiue ad vnum. </s> <s>Quapropter cre<lb></lb>dendum fuit hæc de talibus propriè fuiſſe propoſita, nec aliter in ea methodo fieri potuiſſe, quia <lb></lb>nondum cognitum foret eſſe tale mouentium genus, ſed poſteà longo demonſtrationum tractu <lb></lb>conficiendum fuerit. </s> <s>Ita id in quo ſeipſi tantum extulerunt, ſiue magno negocio collapſum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen hæc ex conſequentibus melius cognoſcentur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1731"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1732"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1733"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1734"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1735"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1736"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1737"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1738"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1739"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Demonſtratio 7. Phyſ. in ſua primordia reſoluitur, & aliorum argumenta diluüntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>RELIQVVM eſt nunc, vt aliorum ſententiis confutatis, iudicium noſtrum breuiter in me<lb></lb>dio afferamus, & cętera perſequamur quæ ſunt huius negocij. </s> <s>Nanque & doctoris illius <lb></lb>eximij rationes diluëndę ſunt, & de noſtrę demonſtrationis genere quærendum eſt. </s> <s>Cùm igitur <lb></lb>à nobis dictum ſit Ariſtotelis rationem eò pertinere, vt intelligamus nil ſeipſum mouere primò, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1740"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc eſt, vt quatenus mouetur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſeipſum moueat, & nil eſſe ſibi cauſſam propriam, &, vt aiunt, <lb></lb>adæquatam ſui motus Ariſtotelis conſilium exponendum eſt, & illò demonſtratio dirigenda quò <lb></lb>contendit. </s> <s>Hoc autem fuerat optimo iure veſtigandum. </s> <s>proptereà quòd cùm <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod eſt per <lb></lb>accidens, ſiue per aliud, ad id referri videatur quod eſt per ſe & primò; propter quod etiam cę<lb></lb>teris attribuitur: cùm inter ea quæ mouentur, illa ſint, quæ mouentur ab alio; neceſſe item erat, <lb></lb>vt aliquid eſſet quod à ſeipſo moueretur. </s> <s>At id quod à ſeipſo moueri poteſt, dupliciter ſe habe<lb></lb>re noſtra cogitatio <expan abbr="cõprehendit">comprehendit</expan>, vel quia moueatur à ſeipſo primò, vel etiam quia conſtat è duab. <lb></lb></s> <s>partibus quarum altera à ſibi contigua proximè moucatur. </s> <s>Quoniam ergo dubium eſſe potuit, <lb></lb>vtrùm quippiam à ſeipſo moueretur primò, nec'ne: illud ab Ariſtotele ante alia <expan abbr="quæſitũ">quæſitum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>concluſum, nullo modo fieri poſſe, vt quicquam à ſeipſo moueretur primò, ſed ſi moueatur, ne<lb></lb>ceſſe ſit illud ab alio moueri, quod tamen non procedat in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, atque adeò vt ad aliquid per<lb></lb>ueniendum ſit quod moueatur <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed non moueatur ab alio. </s> <s>Verùm, quia nil poteſt à ſeipſo <lb></lb>moueri primò, ſic moueatur; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> diſtinguitur in duas parteis, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> vna per ſe mouet, altera <lb></lb>verò per ſe mouetur. </s> <s>Itaque tale erit principium mouens, nec quidem ſimpliciter, verùm id quod <pb pagenum="259"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1741"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in mouendo mouetur, quod .ſ. </s> <s>eſt mobile primum. </s> <s>atque hoc <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan> eſt, & diuiduum, & <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <lb></lb>ad hanc metam demonſtrationem ſeptimi peruenire profitemur. </s> <s>Cęterùm, cùm id reſoluatur <lb></lb>in aliud mouens, cuiuſmodi hoc ſit, perquiri dicimus in 8. Nanque oportebit hoc mouens eſſe <lb></lb>indiuiduum, quod item erit duplex, vel immobile per ſe, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>per accidens mobile, vel immo<lb></lb>bile vtroque modo, huiuſmodi autem erit id quod verè primum mouens eſt. </s> <s>At ſiquis intimè <lb></lb>rerum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> contempletur, optimè perſpiciet, tale mouens eſſe inanimali: quapropter ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele dictum eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ab animo incipere <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> illud ſolum eſt quod à ſeipſo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1742"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>planè mouetur; cùm in eo propter partium <expan abbr="difformitatẽ">difformitatem</expan> pars mouens à mobili ſeparata ſit; ina<lb></lb>nima verò diſtinguantur ab eo, quia cùm moueantur ab alio (nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeipſum mouet primò, vt <lb></lb>hæc demonſtratio docet) externum aliquid poſcant; licet id fortaſſe lateat à quo mouentur. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Inanimato <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt & primum corporeum, vnde alia mouentur, tum intra animal, tum extra, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1743"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut cor eſt, aut illi pro portione reſpondet; eſt & id eiuſmodi, vt per ſe moueatur, hoc eſt, manen<lb></lb>tibus aliis; alia verò non moueantur ſine ipſo, ſiue, dum ipſum mouetur, & per contactum, ſiue <lb></lb>per virtutem ab eo transfuſam. </s> <s>Nam fieri poteſt <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan>, vt motu partis illius deficiente. <lb></lb></s> <s>aut etiam cùm ablata fuerit, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aliquandiu reliquæ partes moueantur. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt tum Galenus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1744"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum Auerroës in eo lapſi ſint; ille, dum inſultat Ariſtoteli: hic, dum Galeno repugnat: ille dicens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1745"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cor non eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus, eo quòd animal quoddam ambulat ſine corde; hic dum ironicè op<lb></lb>ponit ſe <expan abbr="arietẽ">arietem</expan> ſine capite vidiſſe currentem. </s> <s>Nanque hic aliquid accipit, quod nullo modo fieri <lb></lb>poſsit. </s> <s>Etenim animalia perfectiora non ſuſtinent tantam <expan abbr="noxã">noxam</expan>, & quanuis adhuc viuerent mo<lb></lb>ueri non poſſent; ex ceruice <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vincula pendent, actu diſtincta, quibus vniuerſæ partes corporis <lb></lb>colligantur, ſuſtinentur, & afferunt robur, quo maximè <expan abbr="op9">opus</expan>} eſt in motu, quibus diſſolutis, ne dum <lb></lb>robur habeat, quale requiritur in motu, ſed protinus concidat neceſſe eſt, ille non animaduertit <lb></lb>virtutem à principe membro <expan abbr="cõmunicatam">communicatam</expan> diutius poſſe conſeruari, quamobrem etiam didici<lb></lb>mus caput marinæ teſtudini abſciſſum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> continuò mori, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed & videre, & ſi ante oculos ei ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1746"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus obuerſetur, illos claudere, & paullò etiam propius, ſi <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> admoueas, mordere. </s> <s>Atque hoc <lb></lb>primum mouens <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan> in corpus & animam diſtribuitur: quandò animus eſt mouens, cor <lb></lb>autem mobile. </s> <s>Sed enim quia talis forma quoquomodo pendet à materia, contingit, vt mouea<lb></lb>tur ad motum eius in quo eſt, & per accidens; idcirco animus non eſt primùm mouens ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, neque ob id cor eſt mobile penitus primum. </s> <s>Itaque rerum ordo nos eò deducit, vt aliquid <lb></lb>tale ſimpliciter inueniamus quod ſit prorſus immobile cum per ſe, tum etiam per accidens: hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1747"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>autem erit id à quo cęlum proximè mouetur. </s> <s>Quare cęlum erit illud animal quod verè primùm <lb></lb>erit, & primùm mobile, & cùm ſit primùm, vnde reliqua corpora mouentur, id quod per ſe mo<lb></lb>uetur, idcircò diuiditur in partem per ſe mouentem, & partem per ſe mobilem, atque illam quæ <lb></lb>per ſe mouet, eiuſmodi, vt ſit omnino, & omnibus modis immobilis; hæc verò vt talis eſſe poſsit, <lb></lb>ab omni materiæ concretione libera ponenda eſt, & vt per <expan abbr="indiuiduã">indiuiduam</expan> ſpeciem cum reipſa mobili <lb></lb>copuletur, & ita moueat, non quia mobili det quendam impulſum, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ille qui agitat, <lb></lb>& voluit <expan abbr="rotã">rotam</expan>, aut pilam: ſed quia cùm ſit præſens ipſi mobili, ſuiipſius imitandi cupidinem incu<lb></lb>tiat, ſiue ea ſit naturalis, ſiue animalis, ſiue vtroque modo, dicetur alio loco. </s> <s>Sic facilè apparet, vt <lb></lb>hæc demonſtratio non reſoluatur in primum mobile, & primum mouens ſimpliciter, ſed egeat <lb></lb>alterius quæ ſubuectitur 8. Phyſ. & vt hæc ſine illa prorſus ſit mutilata & <expan abbr="mãca">manca</expan>: à primo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod <lb></lb>mouetur inter corpora, in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motu reperiuntur primum mobile ſimpliciter, & primùm mo<lb></lb>uens. </s> <s>quem nexum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan>, quia parum, aut nihil obſeruarunt eorum <expan abbr="voluminũ">voluminum</expan> interpretes, <expan abbr="imper-fectũ">imper<lb></lb>fectum</expan> progreſſum phyſicę auditionis effeciſſe mihi videntur. </s> <s>Perſequitur ego Ariſtoteles 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>corpora ipſa naturalia ſolùm, nec procedit vlterius, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in animante in quo peculiari quodam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1748"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>beneficio partes ita connexæ ſunt, vt vna poſsit abſolutè moueri, & vbi moueatur, alias <expan abbr="cõcitare">concitare</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm cęteroqui continua ſint, quorum motus eſt vnus, & ea pars prima, vnde omnis motus in ani<lb></lb>mali deducitur in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> adhuc per ſe mobilem; atque alteram, quæ per ſe moueat, partiatur; nil <lb></lb>prætereà ſpectet demonſtratio præſens præter id, vt ex partibus corporis, & integrantibus <expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>de quibus communiter, vt corpora ſunt, & vt ex partibus integrantibus componuntur, <expan abbr="oſtẽdatur">oſtendatur</expan> <lb></lb>à ſeipſa non poſſe moueri primò, ſic vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> à ſeiſpo toto moueatur, ſed ab aliquo moueri neceſ<lb></lb>ſarium ſit, ſiue ab externo, ſiue interno principio, nihil refert. </s> <s>Nanque in animante, ſi ad id deune<lb></lb>nire oporteat, vnde motus exoritur, planum quòd erit vna <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> pars à qua toti corpori motus <lb></lb>impertiatur. </s> <s>Quare non à ſeipſo primùm mouebitur animans. </s> <s>In cęteris corporibus quę conti<lb></lb>nua ſunt, etiam motus naſcatur ab alio neceſſe eſt, quòd à toto mobili ſecretum ſit, ſiue vt pars in<lb></lb>tegrans à reliquo corpore (tametſi id in animali ſolo contingere dicimus) ſiue extra mobile exi<lb></lb>ſtat, quod erit generatim de inanimis poſteà peragendum. </s> <s>Nam, ſi rectè inſpicias id quod infer<lb></lb>tur ab Ariſtotele in <expan abbr="cõplexione">complexione</expan> ſui ſyllogiſmi, nil aliud habetur, quàm quae non moueatur à ſeipſo <lb></lb>primò: huic verò non repugnat, vel à parte, vel ab alio quopiam moueri. </s> <s>Satis enim eſt, vt ſit <lb></lb>loco diſcluſum id quod mouet, ab eo quod mouetur. </s> <s>quòd ſic à ſeipſo primò non mouebitur. <pb pagenum="260"></pb>Quia verò perſpicuum foret, vt ipſe item philoſophus affirmat, ab alio moueri animans, de ina<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1749"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nimo dubium, & id ſolùm patet, ab aliquo moueri, vel idem à ſeipſo, vel ab aliquo ſeparato mo<lb></lb>ueatur, adhuc incertum eſt. </s> <s>Nam totum & partes vnico motu agitantur. </s> <s>Hoc igitur demonſtran<lb></lb>dum fuit, & in his concluſum à ſeipſa moueri non poſſe, quia parte vna quieſcente totum non <lb></lb>moueatur, atque illud totum quod ex omnibus partibus <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan>, vnde naſcitur motus, ſiue ſit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>continuum ſimpliciter, ſiue vnum factum ex mouente & mobili, vt ex manu & calamo: itaque <lb></lb>non habere in ſeipſo cauſſam motus <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> & adæquatam, ſed quæ aliunde peti debeat, ſiue <lb></lb>intra, ſiue extra, diſcutietur poſteà. </s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam illò peruenit demonſtratio 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>vt inferatur à ſeipſo moueri, ſed non primò. </s> <s>& quiddam generalius eſt non moueri à ſeipſo pri<lb></lb>mò, quàm moueri à ſeipſo, ſed non primò; ſicut etiam generalius eſt, non eſſe hominem album, <lb></lb>quàm eſſe hominem non album. </s> <s>Nanque eſſe hominem non album ad aliud nihil quàm ad ho<lb></lb>minem pertinere poteſt, ſed equus non eſt albus homo, & lignum conſimiliter, & non ens etiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt homo albus, & à ſeipſo moueri animantia ſola <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan>; hęc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola mouentur à ſeipſis, <lb></lb>ſed non primò: alterum continet <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> inanima: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouentur à ſeipſis primò, non licet autem <lb></lb>dicere, aut ſaltem non indicat id demonſtratio pręſens, hæc moueri à ſeipſa non primò: quandò <lb></lb>neque à ſeipſis omnino mouentur, vt poſteà declarabimus, ſed illò ſolum peruenit, quòd quod<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1750"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cunque corpus quod mouetur, ab alio mouetur, & ſi non fuerit per ſe & primò mobile, quòd <lb></lb>mouetur ab aliquo per ſe & primò mobili. </s> <s>de mobili per ſe & primò non agitur. </s> <s>Nec quòd ex <lb></lb>quiete partis quieſcat, arguit idcirco totum à parte moueri, ad cuius quietem ceſſat, quòd om<lb></lb>nis pars eſt eiuſmodi, vt ea quieſcente totum non moueatur, ſi <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> fuerit, & non <expan abbr="organicũ">organicum</expan>; <lb></lb>addo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> animal, ſi vt continuum quid animo concipiatur, non vt diuerſis partibus aggregatum: <lb></lb>quacunque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> parte vel infima & à motus initiis maximè longinqua manente, vt pede, non rectè <lb></lb>dicitur moueri totum in hoc ſignificato, nec tamen à pede mouetur animal. </s> <s>ſic quieſcit totum <lb></lb>continuum qualibet parte feriante ſeorſum, neque tamen ex hoc ſequitur, vt ab ea parte mouea<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Ideò nil aliud hæc demonſtratio conuincit, niſi quòd non moueatur à ſeipſo primò totum <lb></lb>à <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> alio moueatur, & cum multis modis poſsit aliquid moueri, vel accipiendo formam, <lb></lb>vel obice repulſo, generatim comprehendit <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> mouendi rationem, & valet in iis in quibus eſt <lb></lb>dubium, vnde motus naſcatur; <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> partes omnes vnà mouentur: et enim ſuſpicari poſſemus <lb></lb>tunc à ſeipſo moueri totum primò; quies igitur in parte facta monſtrat in eo prima motus prin<lb></lb>cipia non ineſſe: ita vt, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi perſpicuum ſit <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> non moueri parte manente, illud adhuc igno<lb></lb>retur, an'ne ipſum ſecum ipſum ſit cauſſa ſui motus adæquata: quies igitur partis quæ toti com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1751"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>municatur, hoc monſtrat: neque id ſolum quòd totum non <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>, quia, ratio totius poſita <lb></lb>fit in ſuis partibus vniuerſis, tum verò non vniuerſæ moueatur, quia maneat aliqua, vnde totius <lb></lb>ratio corrumpitur; verùm etiam, quia manente illa reliquæ item manent, vt ſi enſis capulum for<lb></lb>titer manu teneas, enſis totus loco moueri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & ita fit in omnibus continuis. </s> <s>Et hoc pacto <lb></lb>demonſtratio conſeruatur vniuerſalis, à principiis manifeſtis reperitur, & cętera admittit quæ de <lb></lb>motus initiis in ſequentibus ab Ariſtotele longo ſermone peracta fuerunt. </s> <s>Hæc planè animum <lb></lb>ſedare poſſunt. </s> <s>Attamen & illud tibi proponere conſtitui, cuius initia ſi probaueris, tibi fortè ſuc<lb></lb>currat, quò facilius defendatur Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Etenim, ſi motum ipſum totum conſideres, quò fit <lb></lb>ab efficiente corporeo, quod primum obiicitur vt perſpicuum in noſtra methodo, & in iis potiſ<lb></lb>mè quæ ſunt actu: cùm ſimul & eodem motu moueatur quo mouet, vt docuit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1752"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>confutauit eos qui dicebant eſſe corpus, & corpori organico iam formato ſuperuenire: vnus erit <lb></lb>motus qui tanquam in ſubiecto, continebitur in parte mouente, & mobili ſimul, <expan abbr="iſq́">iſque</expan>. </s> <s>totius erit <lb></lb>cuius duæ ſunt partes adeò diuerſę. </s> <s>Hoc igitur totum, cùm eodem motu moueatur, quòd par<lb></lb>tes omnes vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>motu aguntur; non tamen ſeipſum mouebit primò, ſed ab alio moue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1753"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bitur, quia manente parte quæ mouebat, totum non mouebitur, immò quieſcet totum, & pars à <lb></lb>parte mouebitur, ſed eiuſmodi, quæ ſit corpus, & à certa parte quæ ſit principium. </s> <s>Nec ab hac <lb></lb>noſtra coniectura abhorrent illa quæ ſubiecit Ariſtoteles, vtpote quòd mouens cum mobili con<lb></lb>iunctum ſit, & quòd mouens naturale in mouendo moueatur. </s> <s>Et hoc etiam modo demonſtratio <lb></lb>vniuersè concludetur, & cauſſa motus aſsignabitur, & res dubia cognoſcetur. </s> <s>Cùm hæc ita ſint, <lb></lb>exploremus nunc quid ponderis habeant contra nos obiectiones Ludouici Buccaferreæ. </s> <s>Cum<lb></lb>primis ipſe opponebat demonſtrationem noſtram fore negantem, cùm ipſa ſit aiens. </s> <s>Quæ'nam <lb></lb>obſecrò, neceſsitas, vt demonſtrationes omnes aientes futurę ſint? </s> <s>At perfectiſsima eſt aiens. </s> <s>eſto <lb></lb>nos hîc non in eo perfectionis gradu demonſtrationem poſtulamus; ſatis eſt nobis ſi plenam fi<lb></lb>dem faciat eius <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> quærimus. </s> <s>At Ariſtoteles aientem concluſionem colligit, nimirùm. </s> <s>Id quod <lb></lb>mouetur, ab alio moueri. </s> <s>Quid ſi dixero eſſe quidem hoc conſequens, non proximam demon<lb></lb>ſtrationis noſtrę concluſionem. </s> <s>Quòd ſi hæc commeare volueris: Non moueri à ſeipſo primò, <lb></lb>& ab alio moueri; reſolue igitur & in aientem hanc noſtram, ſi tibi placeat aiens; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>me<lb></lb>mineris in <expan abbr="aiẽte">aiente</expan> <expan abbr="cõcluſionem">concluſionem</expan> fore <expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan> materiæ merito, cùm formæ beneficio ſit de ineſſe. <pb pagenum="261"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1754"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quòd obiicit demonſtrationem peccare in regulis vniuerſalis: nam communius eſſet <expan abbr="prędicatũ">prędicatum</expan>, <lb></lb>quàm medium, & medium, quàm ſubiectum: quippe non moueri primùm à ſeipſo, quàm ani<lb></lb>matum, & continuum. </s> <s>Quæro <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primo loco, de quónam ſolet afferri demonſtratio? </s> <s>certè de <lb></lb>re obſcura. </s> <s>Nam quæ manifeſta ſunt, initia demonſtrationis euadunt, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> demonſtrantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>At in iis quæ mouentur ab alio manifeſtè, quid concludere oportebat ea non moueri à ſeipſis pri<lb></lb>mò? </s> <s>quis eſt adeò corpore & pectore obeſo, vt exigat eorum <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> quæ mouentur ab <lb></lb>alio perſpicuè, vt in his quæ violenter aguntur, an à ſeipſis primò concitentur? </s> <s>nec verò quęritur <lb></lb>de animalibus, licet idem attributum vtriſque conueniat, quòd in his dubium non eſt, quanuis <lb></lb>extra ſe motorem non habeant, moueantur'ne primò à ſeipſis; apparet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars mouens ab aliis <lb></lb>ſegregata: ſed pertinet hoc ad inanima, cùm videamus ea moueri quidem, ſed lateat mouens: & <lb></lb>hæc monſtrat Ariſtoteles à tali quoque principio moueri quod à re mobili diſiunctum ſit, neque <lb></lb>ratione tantum, ſed etiam loco, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, quàm in animantibus, ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouens intra eſt, hæc <lb></lb>prorſus ab externo mouentur, accipiendo perpetuò corpora, nihil hîc agendo de principiis ad eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam pertinentibus, tametſi in alia principia reſolui queunt animantium motus in animum .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>aut quod illi proportione reſpondeat, vt in cęlo, quibus tamen ineſt generatim, vt ita moueant, <lb></lb>quatenus à re mobili ſegregata, ſeu loco, ſeu ſubiecto. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principium illud mouens in cę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1755"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lo pertinet ad conſtitutionem mobilis, vt forma ſimpliciter, ſicut animus ad conſtitutionem vi<lb></lb>uentis. </s> <s>Verùm, quia loco non diſtinguitur eo quòd eſt incorporeum, ſic diſtingui ſubiecto nunc <lb></lb>intelligimus; non ſanè quòd poſitiuè, ſed quòd priuatiuè diſtinguatur. </s> <s>Quoquomodo ſe <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> <lb></lb>hęc; contractum eſt illud prædicatum ob eam cauſſam quam nuper expoſuimus, ex quo ſubie<lb></lb>cti factum eſt proprium, quod eſt inanimum, licet animal etiam communiter complectatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1740"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1741"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1742"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an. <lb></lb>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1743"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1744"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>reſpirat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1745"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1746"></margin.target>d <expan abbr="Ælian9">Ælianus</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1747"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1748"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1749"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1750"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1751"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1752"></margin.target>a 1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1753"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1754"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1755"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur genus demonstrationis 7. Phyſ. Caput XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CONSEQVENS eſt nunc, vt illud item perpendamus, cuius'nam generis ſit allata <expan abbr="demõ-ſtratio">demon<lb></lb>ſtratio</expan>, an'ne à ſigno, quemadmodum cenſuit Auerroës, an etiam à cauſſa, veluti decreuit <lb></lb>Themiſtius. </s> <s>Adſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qui Themiſtio faueant Auerrois auctoritate poſthabita. </s> <s>Sunt qui conen<lb></lb>tur vtrunque defendere. </s> <s>Audiamus igitur ea quæ ſinguli dicunt, vt quid potius ſit, ſumere va<lb></lb>leamus. </s> <s>Themiſtius, quem vir acerrimi iudicij, & <expan abbr="Latinorũ">Latinorum</expan> omnium ſine controuerſia princeps <lb></lb>D. Thomas eſt conſecutus, eam demonſtrationem eſſe duxit ex cauſsis, atque illam quidem eiuſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1756"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modi, vt vim habeat oſtendendi. </s> <s>Auerroës contrà (hunc verò ſequuntur AEgidius <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Burleus) <lb></lb>eam ſtatuit à ſigno. </s> <s>Adiecit etiam magnus ille philoſophus, eam ex illo genere eſſe, quæ collige<lb></lb>ret id quod fieri non poteſt. </s> <s>Cauſſam illi accipiebant, quia motus totius penderet à motu <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>In eos inuehebantur AEgidius, & Burleus hoc modo. </s> <s>Quoniam demonſtratio quæ ſtruitur ex <lb></lb>cauſsis, cauſſam æqualem effectui debet aſſumere. </s> <s>atqui demonſtratio noſtra <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt huiuſmodi; <lb></lb>ſiquidem illud concluſum ſit. </s> <s>Omne quod mouetur, ab alio moueri. </s> <s>At medium illud etiam re<lb></lb>peritur in iis quæ <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan> à ſeipſis: etenim & hæc manent ex quiete partis. </s> <s>ideò <expan abbr="cõcluſionis">concluſionis</expan> op<lb></lb>poſitum cum eodem antecedente conſiſtit. </s> <s>Medium igitur multò amplius quàm ipſa <expan abbr="cõcluſio">concluſio</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Potuit hæc ratio tantum Apud Ludouicum Buccaferream, vt ipſi cedens, tametſi <expan abbr="demõſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> <lb></lb>cenſuit eſſe ex cauſſa, <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> illi tribuerit, quia nihil eſſe poſsit actu ſimul, & poteſtate proptereà <lb></lb>neque mouens ſimul, & mobile. </s> <s>Verùm quòd eiuſmodi progreſſum quondam reiecimus, eo di<lb></lb>miſſo <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> de altera ſecta dicamus. </s> <s>Video verò taleis rationeis ab interpretibus excogitatas <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>duci poterit Auerroës ad credendum hanc <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> eſſe à ſigno, vel quia reſoluatur in ar<lb></lb>gumentum quo deducimur ad id quod fieri nequit: cenſet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſe tale genus demonſtrationis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1757"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe generatim à ſigno, vel quòd ex prędicatis quibuſdam conflata ſit quę primò non inſunt nam <lb></lb>motus de toto concluditur: is verò prius ineſt in parte, vt in ſubiecto: vel vt alij dixerunt, quia <lb></lb>non progrediatur ex cauſsis, quoniam partis quies non eſt cauſſa, cur totum à ſeipſo primo non <lb></lb>moueatur. </s> <s>Si mihi licet nunc dicere quod ſentio. </s> <s>Non placent ea quæ ex Auerroë <expan abbr="dicũtur">dicuntur</expan>: nam <lb></lb>multa committi video quæ à regulis dialecticis abſunt. </s> <s>Primum, quòd putant ab eo <expan abbr="nominandã">nominandam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe demonſtrationem ex eo genere quod deducat ad id quod fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poteſt, quoniam eius pro<lb></lb>ſyllogiſmi ſint eiuſmodi. </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prohibet propoſitioneis categoricas, per tale <expan abbr="rationũ">rationum</expan> genus de<lb></lb>monſtrari, quæ tamen conficiant ſyllogiſmum categoricum, non autem colligentem id quod <lb></lb>fieri nequit? </s> <s>ab eo quod fieri nequit, quod in cómplexione colligitur, demonſtratio talis appel<lb></lb>latur: at hęc in proſyllogiſmo continet id quod fieri nequit, vel illo auctore. </s> <s>Prætereà quòd di<lb></lb>citur aliquam <expan abbr="demõſtrationem">demonſtrationem</expan> eſſe à ſigno, quia terminetur eo quod non poteſt eſſe, quid habet <lb></lb>hoc neceſsitatis? </s> <s>Sed, vt res hæc euidentior fiat, pauca quędam de fide demonſtrationis illius exi<lb></lb>ſtimo ſubiicienda. </s> <s>Compertum ergo eſt illud, hanc demonſtrationem in ea principia tendere, <lb></lb>quæ ſunt iis oppoſita, è quibus conflatur demonſtratio vera: at principia verò demonſtrationis, <lb></lb>ita nobis perſpicua <expan abbr="creditaq́">creditaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe debent, vt ex eorum lumine & fide reliqua noſcamus, & creda <pb pagenum="262"></pb>mus quæ proficiſcuntur ab ipſis, tum etiam quòd iis oppoſita è quibus fit ſyllogiſmus contrariæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1758"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deceptionis, falſa ſint. </s> <s>Quare, quòd hoc fieri non poſſe cognoſcamus, in quod nos ea demonſtra<lb></lb>tio deducit, id totum aſſecuti ſumus eius beneficio quod nouimus eſſe verum & neceſſarium; <lb></lb>non ſecus àc cùm percipimus obliquum beneficio recti. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt hęc demonſtratio fidem impe<lb></lb>tret à principiis rectę demonſtrationis. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi ex illis exiſtit demonſtratio per cauſſam; <lb></lb>ergo & ea quæ ducit ad id quod fieri nequit, ex cauſsis eſſe poterit. </s> <s>Poſſum ad hoc confirman<lb></lb>dum vti Ariſtotelis auctoritate <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui idem eſſe ſcripſit vti recta demonſtratione, atque illa quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1759"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ducit ad id quod fieri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: quaſi contingat eadem eſſe demonſtrationis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> principia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuerò, num'ne omnis <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> ducens ad id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> fieri nequit, ex cauſſa conſtruatur? <lb></lb></s> <s>Minimè verò, tum quia finiri poteſt oppoſito <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> conſequentis: tum etiam quia non ſemper <lb></lb>proficiſcitur ab oppoſito concluſionis ad oppoſitum principij cuiuſdam, ſed perpetuò tendit ad <lb></lb>oppoſitum eius quod nobis notius eſt, vt fidem faciat maiorem. </s> <s>Cùm ergo eueniat in quibuſ<lb></lb>dam, vt principia, licet nota natura, nobis tamen ignota ſint, & concluſiones, quanuis ignotæ na<lb></lb>tura, nihilominus perſpicuè nobis, ſiquando principia nobis obſcura fuerint, concluſio verò ma<lb></lb>nifeſta; tum nos ab oppoſito principij progredimur ad oppoſitum concluſionis. </s> <s>Sic fides eius <lb></lb>demonſtrationis innititur illius enunciationis euidentia quæ fuerat demonſtrationis rectæ con<lb></lb>cluſio. </s> <s>Proptereà ſequitur, vt cùm concluſio ſit natura poſterior, ea demonſtratio ſit à ſigno, quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1760"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ducit ad id quod fieri nequit. </s> <s>Efficitur ergo, vt cum à ſigno, tum à cauſſa demonſtrationem eiuſ<lb></lb>modi eſſe contingat. </s> <s>Proinde monebo fautores Auerrois, ne tanquam generale accipiant id quod <lb></lb>ſigillatim, & indefinitè nonnunquam ab ipſo pronunciatum fuerit, vt perſpicuè cernitur 1. de cę<lb></lb>lo, cùm meminit de genere <expan abbr="demonſtrationũ">demonſtrationum</expan> quibus confirmauerat Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="mũdum">mundum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus quod inquiunt aliquam demonſtrationem à ſigno nuncupari, quia fiat è prędicatis quæ <lb></lb>primò non inſint ſubiecto: niſi accedat diſtinctio; prorſus eſt Analyticen ignorare. </s> <s>Nouit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> is <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> qui illam vel primis, vt dicitur, labiis deguſtarit, prędicatum de ſubiecto, etiam ſi mediam ha<lb></lb>beat cauſſam, modò careat medio, tanquàm ſubiecto, idoneum eſſe, & <expan abbr="accõmodatum">accommodatum</expan> ad ipſam <lb></lb><expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan>; immò tale fore neceſſariò, vt demonſtrationi reddatur obnoxium: neque aliud <lb></lb>vllum poſſe demonſtrari ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Igitur addere oportebat tum eſſe <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> à ſigno, <lb></lb>cùm prędicatum primò non ineſt, quoniam <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> aliquod intercedat <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> à cauſſa <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> ſit, <lb></lb>aut oſtendere partem cui primò tribuitur, eſſe ſubiectum, & nullo modo cauſſam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etiam <lb></lb>illa demonſtratio quæ cauſſas remotioreis accipit, cùm habeat medium ſubiectum (inter <expan abbr="reſpirãs">reſpirans</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1761"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim & animal exiſtit habens pulmonem) in <expan abbr="ſignorũ">ſignorum</expan> genere numeratur. </s> <s>Quanquam, ſi rem dili<lb></lb>gentius expendere velimus, non <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan>, quod ipſi faciunt, demonſtrationem à ſigno nuncupabimus, <lb></lb>ſed nomen ſigni tollemus; addemus <foreign lang="grc">τὲ ὁτι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>quòd eſt. </s> <s>Nam cùm medium in argumento ſe ha<lb></lb>bere poſsit, vel vt ſubiectum; veluti cùm mobile per animal, aut cùm diſciplinæ capax per ratio<lb></lb>nis compos oſtenditur, vel vt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> cùm ex effectu cauſſa colligitur, vt planctas eſſe propè, quia <lb></lb>non ſcintillent, aut etiam velut anteà diximus, quòd paries non reſpiret, quia non ſit animal. </s> <s>hæc <lb></lb>duo ſola argumentorum genera demonſtrationem eius quod eſt, Ariſtoteles ipſe vocauit, à ſignis <lb></lb>excluſit, quòd cauſſas quomodocunque (vt arbitror) attingerent, quæ cauſſas non includerent, <lb></lb>demonſtrationis nomine dignatus non eſt, ſed, aut <foreign lang="grc">τεκμήρια</foreign> .i. </s> <s>certas notas appellauit, vbi comi<lb></lb>tantia perpetua forent, aut vbi minus certa, <foreign lang="grc">σημεῖα</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſigna perhibuit: quaſi cùm demonſtratione <lb></lb>differant, quandò id quod in ipſa continetur, eiuſmodi eſſe debeat, vt aut cauſſa ſit, aut in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> pro<lb></lb>ximè reſolui poſsit. </s> <s>Quam porrò ridiculum illud quod AEgidius & Burleus nimis acres Diui <lb></lb>Thomæ inſectatores obiecerunt. </s> <s>Sępe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iſti derelicto veritatis ſcopo concertant, qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vnus <lb></lb>philoſopho debet eſſe propoſitus, hic intuendus, huc eius curſus dirigi debet. </s> <s>Sed quantùm, bo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1762"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne Deus, inde nos ambitio torquet? </s> <s>Inquiunt ipſi eam non eſſe demonſtrationem ex cauſſa, quo<lb></lb>niam valet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in iis quæ mouentur à ſeipſis. </s> <s>At non vident id concludi non moueri à ſeipſo pri<lb></lb>mò, quod item <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> ea quę per ſe ipſa mouentur, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi mouentur à ſeipſis; non tamen <lb></lb>primò mouentur. </s> <s>Tametſi nos contendimus Ariſtotelem ea, tanquam id quod inquititur, nobis <lb></lb>in illis perſpectum foret, omiſiſſe. </s> <s>Neque pugnant illa, à ſeipſo & ab alio moueri, quod ipſi opi<lb></lb>nantur. </s> <s>Sed hęc in alios ſatis dicta ſint. </s> <s>Verùm quid de hoc genere demonſtrationis? </s> <s>Equidem, <lb></lb>quòd bifariam parteis expoſitio noſtra ſumpſit vel vt in toto, quatenus eſt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, vel vt ſubie<lb></lb>ctum motus vniuerſi; puto ſi partes priore modo concipiantur, eſſe diſtinguendum de quiete <lb></lb>partium, aut. </s> <s>n. parte vna quieſcente, cęterę mouentur, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vnà cunctæ quieſcunt: ſi reliquæ <lb></lb>moueantur, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ratio formalis totius poſita eſt in partibus vniuerſis, quia non vniuerſę mo<lb></lb>uentur ex vnius quiete, dico demonſtrationem eſſe ſimpliciter, cuius medium contineat cauſſam <lb></lb>materialem, ſecundùm <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan>, prout materia toti generis illius conueniet, quòd ſi parteis reli<lb></lb>quas cùm illa manere cogitemus; illam habebo demonſtrationem quòd eſt ex eo genere, quod <lb></lb>continet cauſſam <expan abbr="remotã">remotam</expan>, & quę in aliam priorem cauſſam reſolui queat, vt puta continuitatem. <lb></lb></s> <s>quapropter & illi conueniet concluſio negans, qualis infertur in tali ſpecie demonſtrationis. <pb pagenum="263"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1763"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>At verò ſi alterum genus <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> acceperis, erit demonſtratio ſimpliciter, habens pro medio cauſ<lb></lb>ſam efficientem; quippe efficientis <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> quæ refertur ad efficiens. </s> <s>nam quòd manet pars <lb></lb>quæ vim habet faciendi motum; manent etiam reliquæ & totum. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facultas eſt quæ <lb></lb>iuxta varias habitudineis efficit morum & quietem, vt idem nauta præſentia ſaluat nauem, abſen<lb></lb>tia verò perdit. </s> <s>Et ſicut eadem natura principium eſt patibile motus & quietis; ſic efficiens ipſi <lb></lb>reſpondens vtrunque reſpicit. </s> <s>Itaque ſi quies aliunde eſt, ergo & motus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1756"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1757"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1758"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1759"></margin.target>a 5. Top. <lb></lb><gap></gap>. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1760"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1761"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1762"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1763"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur de veritate hypotheſeon ad hanc ipſam demonſtrationem 7. pertinentium. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ACCEPERAT ad efficiendam hanc demonſtrationem complura Philoſophus, cùm vt <lb></lb>oſtenderet, Nihil à ſeipſo moueri primò; tum etiam, vt doceret ad primum quoddam mo<lb></lb>bile <expan abbr="aſcendẽdum">aſcendendum</expan> eſſe, de quibus dubitari poterat, & quemadmodum verè pronunciata fuiſſent, <lb></lb>& quomodo valerent in re noſtra: tametſi aliqua primùm mouens reſpicere videbantur de quo <lb></lb>dicemus alio loco, quia tamen hæc ipſa demonſtratio magni momenti eſt in cauſsis motus inani<lb></lb>morum percenſendis, & harum hypotheſeon vſus eſt maximus in iis quæ deinceps <expan abbr="tractabũtur">tractabuntur</expan>; <lb></lb>decreuimus è re nata, vim & veritatem illarum, quantum licebit, paucis edifferere. </s> <s>Concluſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1764"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rat ergo Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Parte quomodocunque ſe habente, vel maneat, vel à ſe, vel ab alio concite<lb></lb>tur, effici neceſſariò, vt totum per ſe primò nunquàm à ſeipſo, ſed ab alio moueretur. </s> <s>Verunta<lb></lb>men ab alio moueri non tendere in infinitum; aliter effici, vt in tempore finito motus fieret infi<lb></lb>nitus: nec æqualitas inter parteis motus & temporis intercederet. </s> <s>Quæri primùm ſolet quæ ſit <lb></lb>vis huius aſſumpti; quemadmodum .ſ. </s> <s>ex hoc conſequantur ea quæ infert Ariſtoteles; & vt <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit id quod aſſumitur: Acceptum quoque eſt efficiens ſimul eſſe cùm mobili; id quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> maxi<lb></lb>mè dubitatur, hæc item nos explicare non grauabimur, ei demonſtrationi, quoad poterimus, ali<lb></lb>quid auxilij laturi. </s> <s>Verùm, quantum ad primum pertinet. </s> <s>Statuamus id quod ita mouet, veluti <lb></lb>ſupradictum eſt, ſic mouere, vt etiam moueatur. </s> <s>Nam manus mea calamum ciere non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, niſi <lb></lb>& ipſa locum ante alia mutet chartam ab initio ad extremum vſque lineæ peruagando. </s> <s>Quo fit, <lb></lb>vt mouens, & mobile moueantur <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſuis ipſorum propriis motibus, qui ſunt partes vnius to<lb></lb>tius motus, vt continui, & tanquam mobilis vnius ex totidem partibus conſtantis, quot ſunt cor<lb></lb>pora quæ eodem motu concitantur, inter eoſdem ad numerum terminos, ſine vlla temporis in<lb></lb>termiſsione, ſed tempus ipſum eſt finitum. </s> <s>Hæc verò, quia fieri poſſunt, quanuis non perpetuò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1765"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fiant, nobis tamen in præſentia concedantur. </s> <s>Eoſdem quoque motus finitos eſſe oportet, quan<lb></lb>doquidem certis finibus continentur. </s> <s>At cùm hi motus ſint infinitorum mobilium; erunt item <lb></lb>in numero infinito. </s> <s>Sed tempus eſt finitum. </s> <s>Motus igitur infinitus in tempore finito fieri po<lb></lb>terit. </s> <s>Summa verò <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> infinita neceſſe eſt inde conſurgat: ſiquidem mouentia, quia corpora <lb></lb>ſunt, ſimul eſſe opus eſt & mobilia tangere, aut continuari cum ipſis. </s> <s>Poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & hoc ſingi; cùm <lb></lb>ſingula à certa materia ſecernamus. </s> <s>Quare cùm ſint infinita, locum infinitum occupabunt, per <lb></lb>quem motum infinitum agi neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Verùm hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> difficultatem afferre poſſet: proptereà <lb></lb>quòd, & ſi vbi moueatur vnum poſt aliud motibus diuerſis; quoniam in partibus temporis ſub<lb></lb>ſequentibus contingit moueri diuerta mobilia, fit, vt tempus infinitum in eo motu ponatur, nec <lb></lb>in eo quod finitum ſit, valeat abſolui. </s> <s>At ſi fiant iſti motus omnium partium infiniti ſimul, quid <lb></lb>obſecro eſt abſurdi? </s> <s>Sicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dum mouetur Socrates, ego quoque moueri poſſum: & eſto, quòd <lb></lb>ſint homines infiniti, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> vna temporis eodem puncto cieri non eſt inconueniens; ſic & ipſe nunc <lb></lb>dicam de mobilibus Ariſtotelicis. </s> <s>Prętereà, cùm ea quę continuanda ſunt, vnius ſpeciei ſint opor<lb></lb>tet, quo pacto accipit Ariſtoteles, niſi illud complectatur quod fieri nequit, hæc quæ ſunt omni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1766"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>no ſpeciei diuerſæ, continuari poſſe? </s> <s>idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, ac ſi fingeremus hominem eſſe, <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> tamen ra<lb></lb>tionis non eſſe capacem. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in quoquam ſtatui poſſunt ea quæ illius rationem tollunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inſuper quia dubitatum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fuit ab Ariſtotele, cùm hęc mobilia ſint diuerſa, <expan abbr="diuerſiq́">diuerſique</expan>. </s> <s>illorum <lb></lb>motus ad id, vt naſcatur illud abſurdum. </s> <s>vtrùm motus æquales ſtatuendi ſint, nec'ne. </s> <s>quonam<lb></lb>modo motuum æqualitas accipienda ſit. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dubitatur, quæ'nam ſit neceſsitas, vt mouens & <lb></lb>mobile ſint ſimul: intelligo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouens vt efficiens: nam de fine controuerſia non eſt, <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>mouere poſſe, quanuis aliquo interuallo diſiunctum, quia ſæpe videtur in omni <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> ge<lb></lb>nere tranſmutationis reperiri mouens, tanquam efficiens, quod afficiat illa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quæ longius di<lb></lb>ſtant: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> torpedo per rete piſcatoris manum ſtupefacit, & magnes trahit ferrum ſpatio <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <lb></lb>intercedente, vt id ſolùm <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> efficit quantum, neceſſariò proximum requiratur: quandò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ignis <lb></lb>per mediam phialam gignitur, & aqua per medium <expan abbr="vitrũ">vitrum</expan>, vt apparet in ſpeculis vitreis: hyems <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>externo frigore irrumpente aër internus qui contiguus eſt, in aquam facillimè cogitur. </s> <s>In omni<lb></lb>bus ergo mutationibus præter vnum incrementum efficiens etiam poteſt eſſe <expan abbr="remotũ">remotum</expan>: non nego <lb></lb>tamen, quin <expan abbr="remotũ">remotum</expan> nihil obeat ſine proximo; ſed id ſolùm, quae in motibus efficiens ſemper ſit pro<lb></lb>ximum, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> videtur demonſtratio noſtra flagitare. </s> <s>Video, quod ad primum attinet, <pb pagenum="264"></pb>ex eo nonnullos abſurdum deducere, quia .ſ. </s> <s>in Ariſtotelica hypotheſi contineatur vnum quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1767"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit continuum infinitum; at hoc moueri non poteſt. </s> <s>Cęterùm duo me de hac ſententia mouent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exiſtimauit <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> poſſe moueri, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia, tametſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1768"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> mutare nequit; at in ſeipſo moueri nil prohibet. </s> <s>Verùm eſto, ſit ratio illa ad <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, nanque <lb></lb>ſimpliciter <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> ab <expan abbr="ĩfinito">infinito</expan> reiectus eſt. 3. Phyſ. cùm <expan abbr="cõclusũ">conclusum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe moueri <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> nec <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> finito, nec infinito mouetur. </s> <s>quid igitur oportebat, Ariſt. </s> <s>in aliud <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> detrudere <lb></lb>renitentem, quia .ſ. </s> <s>tempore finito moueretur? </s> <s>Satis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fuerat ipſum docere motum non iri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>obſerua, an, cùm motus tempore finito cernatur abſolui (à ſenſu <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> peterem huius abſurdi prin<lb></lb>cipium) atque hic ſit tanquam vnius continui, cuius tamen partes in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> alia moueatur ex <lb></lb>alia; quòd motus iſti ſtatuuntur ordinati, ſicut item ordo exiſtit in mobilibus atque mouentibus <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunicati">communicati</expan> nimirùm à priore ſecundo, ab hoc tertio, & ſic deinceps in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, & cùm vnuſquiſ<lb></lb>que motus poſtulet aliquod tempus, quia ſint partes infinitę motus actu, deſiderent etiam partes <lb></lb>temporis actu infinitas; quo fiat, vt abſurdum ſit, cùm partes iſtæ motus deſiderent totidem tem<lb></lb>poris partes; abſoluantur tempore finito. </s> <s>Sic nos ſucceſsioni partium motus abſurdum tribui <lb></lb>putamus. </s> <s>Nec vrget obiectio, quandoquidem multos <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rerum propè infinitarum motus obi<lb></lb>ri ſimul abſurdum non eſt, niſi motus ordinati fuerint, ſicut Socratis, & mei, & tui, quòd ſi fue<lb></lb>rint ordinati, quemadmodum illi qui ab Ariſtotele accipiuntur; abſurdum illud neceſſe eſt con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1769"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſequatur. </s> <s>Mihi ſubuenit hoc loco ex dictis reddere rationem, ecquid eſt, cur vbi milites ordinati <lb></lb>procedunt, ſi interualla omnium par ſit obſeruandum, poſteriores gradum accelerare cogantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>id autem ex eo proficiſci videtur, quòd aliud eſt inſtans quo primus & ſecundus ordo moueri in<lb></lb>cipiunt: at inter inſtantia cadit tempus. </s> <s>Ergo pro multitudine ordinum inſtantia <expan abbr="multiplicãtur">multiplicantur</expan>, <lb></lb>& tempus quod illis includitur. </s> <s>hoc ergo tempore <foreign lang="grc">ὑστερίζουσιν</foreign>, & poſteriores veniunt ordines <lb></lb>ſubſequentes. </s> <s>Ad ſecundam verò dubitationem reſpondebat D. Thomas inquiens, in prioribus <lb></lb>phyſiologiæ libris Ariſtotelem ſeuocare corpora & motus à certis rerum formis, & quaſi more <lb></lb>mathematico motum ſpectare. </s> <s>Ita cùm ſimpliciter quantum relinquatur, non hoc, aut illud; <lb></lb>non repugnare naturæ, quòd diuerſa quanta continuentur. </s> <s>Sed contra D. Thomam differebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Iandunus inquiens, eam poteſtatem, quia non promoueatur ad actum, non eſſe admittendam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rerum natura patitur è rebus ſpecie diuerſis, cuiuſmodi <expan abbr="ponũtur">ponuntur</expan> à Peripateticis corpus <lb></lb>cęleſte, & cętera elementa vnum fieri corpus. </s> <s>Quamobrem ipſe diluebat aliter <expan abbr="obiectionẽ">obiectionem</expan> pro<lb></lb>poſitam; primò quidem dicens hæc continuari poſſe, quia ſint eiuſdem generis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> naturæ, de<lb></lb>inde ſtatuens propoſitionem Ariſtotelis non eſſe cathegoricam, ſed hypotheticam. </s> <s>Veruntamen <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1770"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in vtraque ſolutione, iudicio noſtro, decipitur: in prima ſanè, quoniam falſum eſt apud Ariſtote<lb></lb>lis ſectatoreis vniuerſa corpora eſſe generis eiuſdem, cùm cęlum à proximis corporibus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pluſ<lb></lb>quam genere diſtingui putetur, & ex altera materia conſtet atque noſtratia. </s> <s>Prætereà quoniam <lb></lb>etiam ignis & terra, licet ſint eiuſdem generis, ſecum iungi non poſſunt. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corpora ſic ea <lb></lb>poſſunt fieri vnum; niſi fortè ſpecie illa continuationis, quæ reſpicit motum qua .ſ. </s> <s>illa continua <lb></lb>dicuntur, quæ vnico motu, licet differant ſpecie, concitantur. </s> <s>Adde quòd etiam ſic in eodem ſpa<lb></lb>tio temporis vnà moueri contingeret; ex quo efficeretur, vt nil prohiberet, quominus infinitus <lb></lb>motus abſolueretur tempore finito, quod certè demonſtrationem Ariſtotelis euertit. </s> <s>Quin etiam <lb></lb>falſum eſt eam <expan abbr="propoſitionẽ">propoſitionem</expan> eſſe hypotheticam, quanuis etiam, Simplicius idem approbarit, eiuſ<lb></lb>modi forſan eſt, quæ contineat id quod fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, his hypotheſis eſt: attamen ab Ariſtotele, tan<lb></lb>quam categorica vſurpatur, & talis, vt accipiatur de ineſſe. </s> <s>Non igitur admodum apta Iandu<lb></lb>ni ſolutio, ni prorſus fallor. </s> <s>Neque D. Thomam cogit illa ratio, vt interim pro illo & pro veri<lb></lb>tate, prout officium noſtrum eſt, aliquid dicamus: ſiquidem poteſtas non vniuſmodi ſit; neque <lb></lb>omnis ad actum dirigatur; verùm ea ſolum, quæ vocatur naturalis, ſed altera quædam eſt, quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1771"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt ſecundùm rationem, & cogitatione ſolùm admittitur, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam logica nuncupatur: <lb></lb>eſt verò non repugnantia <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan>, vt, quanuis res ipſa nunquam futura ſit, quia tamen defini<lb></lb>tiones ſubiecti & prædicati inter ſeſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> oppugnant, eiuſmodi propoſitio àc ſi vera ſit, aſſumatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ne fortè verò ſibi ſuſpecta ſit hæc definitio poteſtatum; animaduerte quæſo ipſummet Ariſtote<lb></lb>lem hæc eadem & explicantem & concludentem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe pro vero, proprium eſſe recti <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1772"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tangere ſphæram in puncto; nihilominus id nunquam eſſe futurum priuilegio materiæ ſenſilis, <lb></lb>à qua neque rectum, neque ſphæra ſeiungi poſſunt, & id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tanquam verum: ſed quid verum di<lb></lb>co? </s> <s>tanquam neceſſarium Geometra demonſtrat, quod tamen erit nunquàm. </s> <s>Sic igitur & D. <lb></lb>Thomas conſimilem poteſtatem vſurpat, à qua item non abhorret Ianduni ſolutio, dum aſſumi<lb></lb>tur ea quæ ſunt generis eiuſdem continuari poſſe nulla habita ratione formarum quæ ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam à materia ſimpliciter diuelli non poſſunt. </s> <s>Quamobrem ipſe quoque non vidit, vt fieri <lb></lb>ſolet, id manticę, quod in tergo gerebat. </s> <s>Sed enim vereor, ne illud etiam iure poſsit obiici D. <lb></lb>Thomæ, quòd ſi ita continua corpora fingantur, vnus omnium motus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tempore vel modico <lb></lb>eſſe queat. </s> <s>quandò vna continui parte motu, cęterę eodem tempore commouentur. </s> <s>Quapropter <pb pagenum="265"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1773"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam tu <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> ſic accipe <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>, & totum non vt ſimpliciter continuum, quod mouetur, <lb></lb>ſed vt ſingulę partes conſeruent proprium motum, & continui ſint motus, vt potius contigui di<lb></lb>cendi ſint, ſed planè ordinati. </s> <s>De tertio diſputauit Auerroës, atque ita accepit Ariſtotelicam du<lb></lb>bitationem: ſiue æqualis ſit motus, ſiue inęqualis: hoc eſt, ſiue motus B ſit æqualis motui A. ſiue <lb></lb>minor. </s> <s>Nam fieri nequit, vt motus mobilis ſit minor motu ipſius motoris. </s> <s>Quantas hîc tu Sca<lb></lb>liger optimè Tragœdias excitares, qui plus agens agendo poſſe voluëris, quàm patiens patiendo <lb></lb>poſsit? </s> <s>& è medio ſuſtuleris illud æquilibrium poteſtatis agentis & patientis, ex quo ſtatus na<lb></lb>turæ conſeruatur? </s> <s>Sed cùm id ſine diſtinctione dandum non ſit, de induſtria non vſurpauimus: <lb></lb>eo quòd aut vtraque principia poteſtate, vel actu ſtatuuntur: ac, ſi poteſtate ſumantur, ſecum ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò congruunt in natura, ſicut ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid. </s> <s>Quòd ſi actu ſpectentur: eſt prætereà <lb></lb>diſtinguendum. </s> <s>Nam vel ſimpliciter actio concipitur .i. </s> <s>quouſque ipſa ſuapte natura promo<lb></lb>uetur, & niſi illò perueniat, naſcitur ab impedimento; aliter actioni non imponitur finis, & tum <lb></lb>profectò tantum materia patitur, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> mouet efficiens, ſi minus, non poſſet vnquàm filius pa<lb></lb>tri ſimilis procreari ſemper labefacta ſuccedentis rei natura, vel actio conſideratur ab initio, quo <lb></lb>tempore id quod eſt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> formæ futuræ, nondum ſubiectum eſt, neque affectum ad formam <lb></lb><expan abbr="producendã">producendam</expan>, ſed adhuc qualitates contrariæ dominantur, & tum ſolum plus <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> agens quàm pa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1774"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiens, quòd agens immutare debet, ac niſi immutaret, ageret planè fruſtrà. </s> <s>Quapropter hac via <lb></lb>relicta noſtram ingrediamur. </s> <s>Nam quærerem hîc ego ex Auerroë libentiſsimè, quid hæc ſibi ve<lb></lb>lint, in motu mobilis maius & æquale, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maius intelligitur efficacitate, aut velocitate, aut diu<lb></lb>turnitate, neque ſanè prima illa accipi queunt, quòd in cauſſa vis & efficacitas ſit potior quàm in <lb></lb>effectu. </s> <s>Nam propter quod <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> tale eſt & illud magis tale, & qui magis à mouente <lb></lb>recedit, eo quoque imbecillior eſſe ſolet, niſi interueniat aliquid extrinſecus, quapropter nonnul<lb></lb>la magis ea quæ diſtant, afficiunt quàm propinqua. </s> <s>Quamobrem quoque ventus Auſter die ter<lb></lb>tia vehementior eſt, & apud nos efficacior, quàm vnde fuit primò concitatus, & à tergo phialæ <lb></lb>radius ſolis exurit, qui à fronte ne vix quidem commouebat. </s> <s>Quod ſi hoc ſibi voluërit eum mo<lb></lb>tum eſſe <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>, aut æqualem ex duratione: at neque id neceſſarium eſt, cùm, ſi conferatur mo<lb></lb>tus hypeccaumatis cùm motu cęleſti, corrumpitur ille quidem ſingulis eius partibus immutatis; <lb></lb>hic verò æternus eſt. </s> <s>At verò quoniam motus à mouente imprimitur, vt remaneat in mobili, <lb></lb>poſtquàm mouens ipſum quieuerit, vt calor ignis reſtat inferro, dum abeſt, aut ſimul item con<lb></lb>tingit ipſum deficere, vt lumen ad ſolis occaſum, aut non durare <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> propter interitum mobi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1775"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lis, veluti nos ante hypeccaumatis exemplo declarauimus: quocunque pacto eueniat, mouet nos <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles non officere ſuæ demonſtrationi. </s> <s>Illud non contemnendum, quemadmodum mo<lb></lb>uens, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt efficiens, ſit vnà cum mobili; quaſi verò nullum ſit efficiens <expan abbr="remotũ">remotum</expan>, nec vlla vis ab <lb></lb>efficiente mobili imprimatur, quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in abſentia mouentis idem valeat àc ſi fuerit præſens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>hæc legimus apud nonnullos auctoreis in efficientia duo conſiderari poſſe; vim motricem, atque <lb></lb>ſubiecta, neque obſtare actioni, ſi media ſint aliqua ſubiecta; <expan abbr="ſatiſq́">ſatiſque</expan>. </s> <s>fore, ſi vis, quæ communica<lb></lb>tur ab efficiente, medio vacet. </s> <s>Atenim dilutio non planè mihi probatur; proptereaquòd nulla <lb></lb>differentia poterit aſsignari inter <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> & efficiens, interualli beneficio, quæ tamen ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>conſtituitur. </s> <s>Nanque & ipſe dicam vbi vis finis <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> diſtantibus ea quoque per media <lb></lb>quidem ſubiecta traditur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per aliam mediam virtutem. </s> <s>Simplicius accipiebat dictum <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> ſenſum, vt non intelligeretur <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> efficiens vniuersè, ſed proximum. </s> <s>Neque id <lb></lb>ſatis placet: quandò Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> conciſus eſſet, qui tale efficiens à fine ſeparauit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>eo nomine ab efficiente remoto non ſeiungeretur. </s> <s>Poſſet quiſpiam ſuſpicari vim illam eſſe <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> & ſpeciem quæ traditur ab efficiente, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à fine (nam tale diſcrimen ab Auerroë quoque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1776"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponitur præter alia nonnulla inter energian finis & efficientis) hoc eſt, quòd efficiens moueat, vt <lb></lb>dicitur, materialiter: finis verò nequaquam. </s> <s>quòd ea ſpecies quæ eſt in actuoſa poteſtate efficien<lb></lb>tis, iungitur cum materia, in qua <expan abbr="patibilẽ">patibilem</expan> inuenit poteſtatem. </s> <s>Sed hanc explicationem ægrè <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>Auerrois ſectator approbare, ſiquidem etiam forma & ſpecies finis cum appetente coniungatur, <lb></lb>& fiat magis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex iis quæ formaliter coniunguntur, quàm iis quæ vinculo materiæ <expan abbr="copulãtur">copulantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc profectò <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> mihi venit in <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, quo dictum Ariſtotelis arbitror poſſe defendi, quòd ipſe <lb></lb>duntaxat cauſſæ modum reſpiciat. </s> <s>Dupliciter verò contingit finem mouere, vt cauſſam remo<lb></lb>tam; efficiens verò vt proximam. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> finis per ſeipſum motum non facit: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> re<lb></lb>quirit auxilium efficientis; nec ſine illius opera quicquam molitur: efficiens, & ſi non impelli<lb></lb>tur ex ſeipſo; ſed excitatur à fine: at hoc eſt antequàm moueat, ſed per ſeipſum de poteſtate tra<lb></lb>ducit ad actum afficiendo, & ponendo <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in materia. </s> <s>Deinde finis <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> agere in longinquum <lb></lb>etiam ſi non agat in proximum ſicut finis. </s> <s>non dico. </s> <s>nota. </s> <s>finem ſic afficere id quod longè diſtat, <lb></lb>quin etiam proxima afficiat neceſſariò. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> commune eſt omni generi cauſſæ mouentis, nihil <lb></lb>afficere poſſe <expan abbr="lõginquum">longinquum</expan>, quin idem afficiat proximum, vel actu, vel virtute, vel eodem actionis <lb></lb>genere, vel diuerſo: tum pro merito materiæ, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> roboris, & <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> <foreign lang="grc">πεζίστασεον</foreign>, <pb pagenum="266"></pb>atque conditionum de quibus ſigillatim aliàs diſſeretur. </s> <s>Sed quòd poteſt non afficere medium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1777"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& proximum, vt finis. </s> <s>imago enim puellæ afficit aërem & animum meum, ſed non mouet aërem <lb></lb>vt finis quæ meipſum ſic mouet. </s> <s>Ac in proximum agit vt efficiens, quod in remotum facit, vt <lb></lb>finis. </s> <s>At efficiens quod mouet id quod diſtat, etiam mouet proximum ratione efficientis pariter <lb></lb>vtrobique conſeruata. </s> <s>Proinde non male Auicenna qui cauſſam efficientem vnà cum effectu <lb></lb>ſemper eſſe voluerit, ſi id ſignificauit, quod nos hactenus expoſuimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1764"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1765"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1766"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1767"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1768"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1769"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1770"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1771"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1772"></margin.target>b 1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1773"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1774"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1775"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1776"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1777"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponitur quęſtio de motu inanimorum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC quę nos hactenus peregimus, ita communia ſunt, vt quodlibet actionis naturalis ge<lb></lb>nus complectantur: naturalem autem illam voco quę rerum eſt materia <expan abbr="conſtantiũ">conſtantium</expan>, prout <lb></lb>ſunt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> me latet in ſeparatis à materia, aut ſaltem in mente ſuprema non diſſol<lb></lb>ui energian in rem mobilem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mouentem; cùm idem omnino ſint intelligens & id quod in<lb></lb>telligitur; huiuſmodi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illa eſt quæ 3. Phyſ. deſcripta fuit, & ita per definitionem explanata. <lb></lb></s> <s>Actus eius quod eſt poteſtate, quatenus huiuſmodi; <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> lationem, affectionem, mo<lb></lb>tum ſecundùm quantum, & <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan> ſecundùm ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Sed quoniam rectè habi<lb></lb>ta partitio <expan abbr="perſpicuã">perſpicuam</expan> totam efficiet <expan abbr="orationẽ">orationem</expan>; ea verò duas continet parteis, vt exponatur breuiter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1778"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de rebus iis de quibus dicturi ſumus, atque vt pateat, quid cum cęteris conueniat, & quid in con<lb></lb>trouerſia relinquatur; primam aggreſſuri <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> aduertamus; cùm varia ſint ea quæ mouentur <lb></lb>motu naturali, cum viuentia & animata, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> inanima, licet in eo generatim conuenerint, vt <lb></lb>ab alio moueantur: eorum tamen ratio diſpar eſſe <expan abbr="cõperitur">comperitur</expan>: cùm eo pacto inter alia diſtinguan<lb></lb>tur ab inanimis animata, quòd inanima <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> habeant extra, animata verò intra: ita vt <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> <lb></lb>videantur ex vtroque principio mouente nimirùm & mobili. </s> <s>Rurſus cùm animatum non ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan>, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & cęlum tanquam animatum in Ariſtotelica doctrina, licet analogicè, conſtitua<lb></lb>mus oportet; ex animati partibus vniuoca; tanquam nobis familiaria magis anteponentur, quę <lb></lb>cùm ex principiis inanimis conſtent; nec quicquam vetet, quominus <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> motibus afficiantur <lb></lb>quibus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> afficiuntur inanima, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſermonem noſtrum ab inanimis auſpicabimur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́">Cumque</expan>. </s> <s>inani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1779"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma ſint vel ſimplicia, vel miſta è ſimplicibus, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouentur admotum ſimplicium, nos igitur <lb></lb><expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> naturæ conſequentes in primis de <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> motu tractabimus. </s> <s>Si igitur natura <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>eſt patibile motus; ergo illud videtur poſſe concludi. </s> <s>Omne quod mouetur, ab alio moueri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>illo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> à re mobili diſtincto. </s> <s>Nam quanuis animata principium motus habeant intra ſe, illud <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1780"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>item <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> eſſe diſtinctum à re mobili: eſt etenim animus qui diuerſus <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> apparet à corpore, <lb></lb>vt nemo ipſum huiuſmodi vim habere neget: quandò illo <expan abbr="exhalãte">exhalante</expan> fatiſcat corpus, & immobile <lb></lb>remanens in puluerem collabatur, qui itidem in <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> corporis animati locum, tanquam in <lb></lb><expan abbr="arcẽ">arcem</expan> ſe recepit, atque idem partibus corporis, ceu ſatellitibus vtens motus animale adminiſtrat. <lb></lb></s> <s>At quoniam multa dicuntur à philoſophis ſigillatim ad inanimorum, atque omnino ſimplicium <lb></lb>motus aſtinentia, cùm propter rem ipſam, tum etiam ob grauitatem, atque auctoritatem <expan abbr="ſcripto-rũ">ſcripto<lb></lb>rum</expan>; pluribus hanc <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> tractare non grauabimur, exiſtimantes <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> veritatis naturalis partem in <lb></lb>ipſa contineri. </s> <s>itaque nos hinc ducamus exordium. </s> <s>Porrò dupliciter euenit, vt moueatur ele<lb></lb>mentum, vel vbi generetur, <expan abbr="queadmodũ">queadmodum</expan> ſi generandus ſit aër, aut ignis, vapor, & exhalatio quæ <lb></lb>futura ſunt aër & ignis, concalefacta tolluntur, & quò calefiunt magis, eò quoque <expan abbr="properãt">properant</expan> ma<lb></lb>gis in locum ſuperiorem; quo cùm peruenere, iam ſunt aër & ignis. </s> <s>Accidit interdum, vt ina<lb></lb>nimum ſit genitum: attamen in eo loco, vbi præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> manet, ob aliquod <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> deti<lb></lb>neatur, <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. </s> <s>requieſcat, donec ab impediente vetetur, quominus in locum ſuum perueniat. </s> <s>tum <lb></lb>verò cùm primùm fuerit <expan abbr="ſublatũ">ſublatum</expan> impediens, è veſtigio moueatur, veluti laquear, quanuis magni <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1781"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit ponderis, tandiu tamen ſuſpenſum manet, quandiu ſuſtinetur à columnis; ſi columnas demo<lb></lb>liamur, tum ruit in præceps. </s> <s>Sicuti verò duæ ſunt occaſiones quibus elementum, aut inanimum <lb></lb>denique mouetur; ſic etiam & duplex eſſe mouens oportet, generans nimirùm, & tollens <expan abbr="impe-dimentũ">impe<lb></lb>dimentum</expan>, & duos omnino diuerſos modos quibus agitatur: ſinguli <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> perpendendi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Primumq́">Primumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cùm generari prius oporteat <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan>, & ob id antecedat ille motus qui fit, dum ipſum gignitur: <lb></lb>nam ſi is non fiat, per accidens eſt, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> impeditur. </s> <s>etiam de illo motu qui fit à generante, nos <lb></lb>in primis agemus. </s> <s>Quæritur autem de motus huiuſce cauſſa. </s> <s>cùm verò ad vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> <lb></lb>præſtandum, multę cauſſæ conuenire ſoleant, tum eiuſdem generis proximę .ſ. </s> <s>& remotæ: tum <lb></lb>etiam diuerſorum quæ ſunt quattuor, materia, finis, efficiens, & forma: de materia pauca ſuccur<lb></lb>runt quæ ſigillatim tractanda ſint: <expan abbr="ſatiſq́">ſatiſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſuperq́ue">ſuperque</expan> ſunt ea quæ de ipſa generatim libro ſuperio<lb></lb>re ſcripta ſunt. </s> <s>etenim dictum eſt, ipſam motus eſſe ſubiectum, quia per ipſius mutationem effi<lb></lb>ciatur actu id quod eſt poteſtate; quanuis eiuſmodi poteſtas non perueniat ad <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> actum, niſi <lb></lb>intercedat actus ſubſtantiæ; eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> transferamus ad mobile ſecundùm locum; nanque & <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia cauſſa exiſtet, vt id quod eſt poteſtate vbi, efficiatur actu per <expan abbr="interuẽtum">interuentum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>. <pb pagenum="267"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1782"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quapropter, ſiue dum gignitur elementum, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vbi genitum eſt, moueatur: profectò requi<lb></lb>ritur forma ſubſtantiæ, aut eius incohatio quædam ſiue affectio præuia, quæ cum per ſe ſit pote<lb></lb>ſtas materiæ, nihilominus actu nititur ſubſtantiæ quæ cum alia commutatur. </s> <s>Ex quo ſequitur <lb></lb>vt id quod propriè mouetur, ſit iam actu ſubſtantia. </s> <s>de fine <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt alio loco, cùm generatim. <lb></lb></s> <s>tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſpeciatim. </s> <s>Quanquam verò de efficiente complura priore libro fuerunt expoſita, quia <lb></lb><expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> adhuc multa ſuperſunt quæ ſigillatim faciant ad <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> motus elementorum; ac mul<lb></lb>ta dicantur quæ ſunt orta potius ab errore <expan abbr="interpretũ">interpretum</expan>, quàm ab ipſa rei natura, quia munus effi<lb></lb>cientis cum munere formæ confundant, quę ſanè ſunt inſtitutę huius tractationis affinia, de ipſo <lb></lb>nunc, & forma ſpeciatim diſſeremus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> docebimus, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> proficiſcatur motus ab ipſis: quicquid <lb></lb>ſit illa forma, ſeu grauitas, & leuitas, ſiue quattuor illę primæ qualitates, ſiue alia quædam forma <lb></lb>latens: nihil in præſentia refert. </s> <s>ſufficiat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi huiuſmodi quippiam ſtatuatur quod conſequatur <lb></lb>ipſe motus; quæratur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vtrum'ne in illo motu degeneret in efficiens, an potius ſuam naturam <lb></lb>retineat. </s> <s>& omnino de efficiente <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> elementi nunc, vt gignitur aliàs, poſtquàm <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> fuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc verò eſt huiuſmodi, vt poſsit appellari mouens propriè, quia motus ab illo, quatenus eiuſ<lb></lb>modi, proficiſcatur; cuius hę conditiones ſunt anteà poſitæ, vt de poteſtate traducat ad actum, <lb></lb>atque perfectionem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan>, quam habet actu, ſeu virtute <expan abbr="cõmunicet">communicet</expan> rei quæ mouetur: hæc verò tra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1783"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ductio nunc eſt loci tranſmutatio. </s> <s>Cęterùm, quia cauſſæ ſunt, vel per ſe, vel per accidens, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>bi<lb></lb>fariam, vel quia ſecundæ, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quia ſint infinitæ. </s> <s>poſtremis hiſce dimiſsis quæ nullum habent <lb></lb>vſum in ſcientiis, de <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan> <expan abbr="ordinũ">ordinum</expan> cauſsis diſſeremus: ac primùm de illa quæ per ſe eſt, quæ <lb></lb>item eſt primò, cuius illud ingenium eſt, vt ipſa poſita protinus erumpat effectus, niſi intercedat <lb></lb>obſtaculum; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſublata prorſus intereat; in qua etiam notatur vltimum propter quid rei <lb></lb>quæ propoſita eſt ad indagandum. </s> <s>Nanque aliquam talem cauſſam, ſiue ſimplicem, ſiue com<lb></lb>plexam eſſe certum eſt in natura: quandoquidem & principia per ſe mobilium ab Ariſtotele ve<lb></lb>ſtigantur, & id quod primò mouet, & quæritur, & inuenitur ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Si etiam cauſſæ ſi<lb></lb>miles obtinent differentias cum effectis; ſiquando hæc per ſe ſint, etiam cauſſas oportet <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſſe <lb></lb>per ſe: hæ verò aut ſecundæ ſunt, aut primæ, quòd ſi primæ, iam habemus, quod volumus: ſi ſe<lb></lb>cundę; iam neceſſe eſt primas adeſſe quas hę conſequantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quanquã">Quanquam</expan> effectum aliquod eſſe per <lb></lb>ſe non vno modo contingit: vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tale eſt quia ſit perpetuum, veluti quies terræ totius, vel quia <lb></lb>certas habeat cauſſas, è quibus oriatur vniuersè ſolùm <expan abbr="obtinẽs">obtinens</expan> æternitatem, ſicuti Lunæ defectus. <lb></lb></s> <s>huiuſmodi fortaſſe eſt <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> motus. </s> <s>ſed hoc nihil quantum ſpectat ad rationem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1784"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceſſum cauſſarum. </s> <s>Verùm expoſitione confecta, veniamus ad alteram partem noſtræ propoſi<lb></lb>tionis. </s> <s>Nemini ſanè dubium eſt, inter cauſſas quę <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> hunc efficiant, in eo genere cauſſę quod <lb></lb>quærimus, eſſe generans ipſum, quod item perſuaderi potuit à ſenſu; cùm aquam à Sole excal<lb></lb>factam in aërem verti & <foreign lang="grc">ἀεροῦσθαι</foreign> cernamus, & lentiuſculè prius attolli, dein inualeſcente colo<lb></lb>re, ſublimius euolare. </s> <s>prętereà à communi natura generantis: nam ſiue affectiones illæ ſolùm ha<lb></lb>beantur, & accidentia quæ præcedunt ipſi rei quæ generatur, ſiue pars aliqua ſubſtantiæ, quemad<lb></lb>modum à nobis anteà poſitum eſt, ſiue elementi forma quæ, vt fert opinio <expan abbr="nonnullorũ">nonnullorum</expan>, ſuſcipit <lb></lb>plus & minus; dum immutat paullatim <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, illi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> incutit actus aliorum prædicamen<lb></lb>torum qui ſubſtantiæ rei quæ gignenda eſt, comitantur: nanque dum generatur aër ex aqua, ſi<lb></lb>mul fit aqua leuior & ſubtilior, & qualitates aduerſæ inducuntur, quæ cum aqua manere non <lb></lb>poſſunt; ſed cum aëre conſiſtunt, quò cùm peruenére, iam non eſt aqua, ſed aër, eadem eſt ratio, <lb></lb>de motu. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quia materia ſubiacet hîc non dum abſoluta forma: neque re com<lb></lb>pleta, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>à generante traducitur ad actum ſubſtantiæ, tale efficiens neceſſario tranſmutat ele<lb></lb>mentum ſecundùm poteſtatem illam quam Ariſtoteles vocat primam, Auerroës autem eſſentia<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1785"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lem. Hæc propemodum placent omnibus Peripateticis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1778"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1779"></margin.target>a 7. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1780"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1781"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1782"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1783"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1784"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1785"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alexandri ſententia recitatur de modo quo generans mouet. </s> <s>Caput XIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED de actu illo quem proximè generans imprimit in materia Græcorum placita, atque ſen<lb></lb>tentias omnino diuerſas obſeruo. </s> <s>Quandoquidem Alexander ſtatuit eſſe in ſuo loco, eſſe for<lb></lb>mam elementi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> quidem, quæ pertineat ad ſubſtantiam, quippe perfectionem eius quod <lb></lb>mouetur ſecundùm locum: quaſi non differat talis forma ab ipſo vbi: quare generans facit è po<lb></lb>tentia vbi, actu vbi, faciendo videlicet, ex potentia leui actu leue, & faciendo hæc, facit terram, <lb></lb>aut ignem. </s> <s>Ergo & generatio & motus elementi idem ſunt ex Alexandri ſententia. </s> <s>Neque hoc <lb></lb>alienum exiſtimauit ab Ariſtotelis doctrina dicentis: “Id quod generat ignem aut terram, illud <lb></lb>eſſe quod facit actu graue aut leue.” Quò fit, vt generans per ſe moueat elementum, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, <lb></lb>vt per ſe & primò id faciat; quoniam ita mouet, quatenus generat. </s> <s>Ergo non ambigitur apud <lb></lb>Alexandrum in quónam gradu moueat forma, neque dubitatur, quidem ſit'ne in ea vis efficien<lb></lb>tis, oppoſitum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in hac ratione defenditur, cùm eadem ſit forma, & locus, & proceſſus ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <pb pagenum="268"></pb>per affectioneis præuias, ſeu materiam, & motus ad locum. </s> <s>Atqui ſi ita ſit; neſcio mehercle vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1786"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ea defendantur quę de motus initiis ab Ariſtotele ſæpius conſtituta fuerunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam dictum eſt ab ipſo non infrequenter in materia poteſtatem eſſe ad quattuor prędicamenta <lb></lb>potiſsimum; ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, quale, & vbi. </s> <s>Dein, quattuor eſſe primas ſpecies motuum <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> <lb></lb>in ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> in quanto, affectionem in quali, & lationem in ipſo vbi. </s> <s>Nec non, quat<lb></lb>tuor eſſe ſubiecta ſecundùm quæ per ſe fieret <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> tranſmutatio naturalis. </s> <s>At ſic, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> potentia ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> à poteſtate ad vbi diſtingueretur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plures <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tres eſſent ſpecies <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> naturalium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sufficeret item <expan abbr="vnicũ">vnicum</expan> ſubiectum ſecundùm <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> mutatio fieret, ſubſtantia <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, & vbi, & quod <lb></lb>peius eſt, latio eſſet ſpecies <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> motus in ſubſtantia, ac moueri ad locum, eſſet generari: quę cer<lb></lb>tè <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> prorſus abhorrent à vero. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò verba illius philoſophi ſic interpretanda opinor; quia <lb></lb>generans efficiat actu graue aut leue, & ita dum efficit, moueat; quaſi actu leue & actu graue <lb></lb>ſint formæ ſolùm, quę conſtituant <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> in prędicamento ipſius vbi. </s> <s>eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> admodum <expan abbr="trũca">trunca</expan> & <lb></lb>præciſa opinio quæ contineret <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cauſſam per accidens, & <expan abbr="remotã">remotam</expan>: relinqueret <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eam quæ <lb></lb>per ſe eſſet & proxima. </s> <s>Nam generans quatenus eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, eſt actu ſubſtantia, ab actu verò <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan> primùm <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> proficiſcitur, leue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & graue aut ſunt accidentia quæ, cùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> con<lb></lb>ſequantur, à generante ſecundò fiunt, & per accidens. </s> <s>Nam quòd ea ſint accidentia, nobis <expan abbr="anti-quorũ">anti<lb></lb>quorum</expan> ſenſus <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> perſuadet qui graue & leue conflabant è quibuſdam primordiis, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1787"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quae Ariſtoteles eas originem ducere voluit à primis qualitatibus, quòd ſi forent formæ, nec aliquid <lb></lb>prius ipſis ineſſet in ſubiecto, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex aliis primordiis effici poſſent, aut ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt, eſſe tamen ipſe <lb></lb>fateri cogitur, qui ea ſtatuat principia ipſius vbi, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus eſt veriſimile generans accipi ab <lb></lb>Alexandro quod habeat <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eius prędicamenti ſecundùm <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> mouet; quandoquidem nulla effi<lb></lb>cacitas illi prædicamento ſolet attribui. </s> <s>Mitto nunc obiectionem <expan abbr="Simplicianã">Simplicianam</expan>, quia ſcilicet ele<lb></lb>menta poſſunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eſſe in actu extra loca propria, & eſſe perfecta. </s> <s>Non igitur eſſe in loco pro<lb></lb>prio eſt ipſorum perfectio. </s> <s>valet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quantum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ad euertendam ipſius opinionem, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> aliàs oſtendemus. </s> <s>Interim videtur in illud vitium lapſus eſſe Alexander, vt id de quo ſum<lb></lb>ma controuerſia eſt, parum expediat, & quaſi tranſactum ſit, relinquat. </s> <s>Nam contra illum primò <lb></lb>faciebant verba philoſophi, quà de cauſsis motricibus diſſerens in theſi noſtra. </s> <s>Actus autem, <lb></lb>inquiebat, “ipſius leuis eſt alicubi eſſe, & rurſum: prohibetur autem, cùm in contrario loco eſt, & <lb></lb>hoc ſimiliter ſe habet in quanto & quali.” <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια δὲ τοῦ κούφου τὸ ποῦ εἷναι καὶ ἄνω κωλύεται δ' <lb></lb>ὁταν ἐν ἐναντίῳ τόπῳ ᾖ. καὶ τοῦ θ' ὁμόιως ἔχει, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦποσοῦχοὺ ἀπὸ τοῦποιοῦ</foreign>. </s> <s>è quibus colligi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>id eſſe mouens, quod è potentia vbi faciat actu vbi; hoc verò non generans, quia facit actu ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1788"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſtantiã">ſtantiam</expan> è poteſtate <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, ſed aliud quid, quod habeat actum eius prędicamenti. </s> <s>Huc accedit, <lb></lb>quòd Ariſtoteles ibi diſtinguit <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan> ſubſtantię in igni ab ea quę ad locum. </s> <s>Nam mon<lb></lb>ſtrat primùm <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe, vbi è <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> calido fiat actu <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, & è terra demum quæ actu frigida eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>deinde verò ſubiungit. </s> <s>“ſimiliter ſe id habere ad graue & leue”: quaſi ſit hæc altera poteſtas à ſu<lb></lb>periore. </s> <s>Quòd ſi poteſtas ipſa diuerſa eſt, etiam agens diuerſum ſit oportet. </s> <s>vnicuique <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> po<lb></lb>teſtati ſuus cuiuſque actus ad amuſsim reſpondet. </s> <s>Nec ſufficit, ſi dicamus experientia noſci: mo<lb></lb>ueri ſurſum id quod, cùm ſit terra, conuertitur in ignim: ac niſi moueatur, id obici eſſe adſcriben<lb></lb>dum: quare motus ille <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> generationi ſic videtur affixus, vt niſi fit quod impediat, ab ea nun<lb></lb>quam diuellatur; tum ceſſet denique, cùm iam <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> in ſedem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> peruenerit, in qua ſimul <lb></lb>abſoluta, & conſummata generatio eſt, & motui finis impoſitus; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non modò leuis ipſius, <lb></lb>ſed ſubſtantiæ perfectio in qua talis eſt propenſio, ſine controuerſia eſt habenda. </s> <s>Concedam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>facillimè & actu <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> faciens, & faciens actu vbi eſſe connexa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubiecto <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſſe dabo, <lb></lb>ſed ratione diſcrepare, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab Ariſtotele paullò antè fuerat illis verbis animaduerſum: erit <lb></lb>.n. idem & quantum & quale, ſed alterum accidit alteri, & non ſecundùm ſe ineſt <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">εὶη γὰρ ἂν <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1789"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1790"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ποσὸν καὶ ποιὸν, ἀλλὰ θατέρω θάτερον συμβέβηκε, καὶ οὐ καθ' ἀυτὸ ὑπάρχει</foreign>. </s> <s>& ea quæ <lb></lb>ſequuntur. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quemadmodum actu <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan>, & quale, & vbi conſequuntur actu <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam; aliter eueniret accidentia ſeparari poſſe à ſubſtantia; ſic etiam ordo rerum poſtulat <lb></lb>poteſtates ordinaras in materia, vt reſpondeant ordini <expan abbr="ſuorũ">ſuorum</expan> actuum; ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> illa quæ <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb>è poteſtate traducunt ad actus, eadem ſerie ſibi reſpondeant neceſſe eſt, aut poteſtates, & actus ſe<lb></lb>ſe reciprocè non reſpicient, quæ tamen vniuerſa <expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> ſchola ſine controuerſia recipere <lb></lb>ſolet. </s> <s>Diluitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illa ratio accepta ab auctoritate hoc modo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi vnum eſt <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, quod <lb></lb>reliqua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> virtute continens, & <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> actus in ſe <expan abbr="habẽs">habens</expan>, ex omni poteſtate ad <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> actum ſimul <lb></lb>traducere <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> poteſt; at principia proxima diuerſarum illiuſmodi <expan abbr="trãſmutationum">tranſmutationum</expan> diuerſa <lb></lb>ſunt; cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Socrates ſit ſubſtantia, ſit corpus, ſit animal, ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> riſus compos; efficit Platonem, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> corpus, animal, & riſus compotem. </s> <s>Sed tamen, quemadmodum hic homo primùm <lb></lb>operatur; etenim ab eo primò pendet <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actio, cùm ſit ſingulare abſolutum, &, quoniam ſub cer<lb></lb>ta eſt ſpecie, continet alia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ ſpeciem conſequuntur, ſiue in quid, ſiue in quale prædicentur; <lb></lb>ita quoque, quod eſt actu <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, cùm cęterorum actus amplectatur ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> è ma <pb pagenum="269"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1791"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teria depromit. </s> <s>Verùm ſicut à Socrate proximè fit hîc homo, ab animali quod eſt in Socrate, ani<lb></lb>mal quod eſt in Platone, & <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> vniuocum ab vniuoco. </s> <s>ſic ab eo quod generat elementum <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>eſt ſubſtantia, fit ignis; ab eodem, quia continet <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan>, fit actu leue; re vera tamen id quod <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>facit, eſt actu ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Quia ergo prohibet Ariſtotelem eo in loco de proximo agente verba <lb></lb>feciſſe nec diſtinctis poteſtatibus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actibus proximis ſuos motus ſingulis attribuiſſe? </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>hæc in Alexandrum poſthac exploraturi diligentius, vtrum'ne philoſophus eruditiſsimus ali<lb></lb>qua ratione defendi poſsit, an ſit omnino relinquendus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1786"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1787"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1788"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1789"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1790"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1791"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Themistij, <expan abbr="Simpliciiq́">Simpliciique</expan>. </s> <s>ſententia perpenditur ad amuſſim quemadmodum motus à <lb></lb>generante fiat. </s> <s>Caput XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXISTIMAVIT ergo Alexander, quemadmodum prima fronte monſtrant illius verba, <lb></lb>proprium locum <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſibi per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> parat, elementum eſſe ipſam elementi formam. </s> <s>Themi<lb></lb>ſtius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eum verò conſequutum fuiſſe videmus Simplicium, addo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Auerroëm; licet aliam & <lb></lb>ipſe viam ingreſſus fuerit (atque illi) aſſeruit generans efficere duo ſecum, ſi non ſubiecto, ac certè <lb></lb>differentia <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, primum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ipſum <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, quatenus eſt ſubſtantia, dando <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> de prędi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1792"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>camento ſubſtantiæ propter quam eſt corpus ſimplex, & talis ſubſtantia, prima .ſ. </s> <s>inter eas de qui<lb></lb>bus dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> hoc aliquid, & quibus per ſe ſubſiſtere contingit; prima <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> origine inter caducas: <lb></lb>nam ſi non fuerit elementum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alia caduca poterunt eſſe, quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obnoxium interitui <lb></lb>eſt, vel elementum eſt, vel ex elemento. </s> <s>intelligo verò nunc elementa, quæ ſic vulgò vocant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1792"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Αθέρατε αἰγλήεντα, καὶ ἠ έρα, καὶ χυτὸν ὑδωρ. <lb></lb> Καὶ χθόνα παμμήταραν</foreign>. </s> <s>Terra parens, anima, vnda fluens, & lucidus æther. <lb></lb></s> <s>elementum propriè <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe non ignorans. </s> <s>Sed quoniam mixta proximè reſoluuntur in ea <lb></lb>prima corpora, & ex eiſdem proximè fieri videntur, ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> cauſſam & illa elementa dici conſue<lb></lb>uerunt. </s> <s>quia verò formam proprij loci conſequatur adeptio, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus ipſe eſt, ita moueat <lb></lb>generans. </s> <s>Inde fieri, vt quemadmodum ſe habuerit res quæ mouetur ad formam; ſic quoque ſe <lb></lb>habeat ad motum, ſeu potius ad locum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi res adhuc imperfecta ſit, erit in loco nimirum <lb></lb>imperfecto, & operabitur (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verto nunc <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>) mouendo, & locum ſibi parando. </s> <s>quem <lb></lb>obſideat ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, nihilominus in eo non dum erit. </s> <s>cùm verò perfecta fuerit, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> adepta <lb></lb>erit locum <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> in quo ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> manebit: tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pręſens erit habitus in materia quo prę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1793"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſente quies conſequi ſolet. </s> <s>Ex quo duplicem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> præſtat generans; alteram ſanè de qua ſupe<lb></lb>riore libro <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, per quam res ipſa ſimpliciter eſt in natura <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan>, & in prędicamento <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eam de qua nunc diſſerimus, quæ iam non amplius ad elementi <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan> pertinet, ſed <lb></lb>ad eſſe ſecundùm quid, & ad prædicamentum ipſius vbi, quod cùm formę conueniat, quoniam <lb></lb>ibi conſeruetur, erit non ſanè elementi forma, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> defendere ſtuduit Alexander, ſed <lb></lb>conſequens, & functio quæ tum perfectè obibitur in quiete, imperfectè verò per motum: quaſi <lb></lb>in tali eſſe loco ſit perfectio formæ quæ pertinet ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſicuti ſentire ipſius animalis. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>propter ita licebit dicere de <expan abbr="generãte">generante</expan> elementum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mouente, ſicuti de producente animal, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>efficiente ſentiens. </s> <s>Nam quod efficit ſentiens, ita efficit, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> producit animal, & dum produ<lb></lb>cit ipſum, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> animal, ſic <expan abbr="ſentiẽs">ſentiens</expan> adhuc <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> non eſt, tum verò perfectum eſt, cùm <lb></lb>abſolutum iam animal fuit; ſic id quod efficit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in elemento, ſiue dat ei locum (idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc <lb></lb>ſunt) producit prius <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, & prout euexerit ipſum ad hunc vel illum perfectionis gradum, <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> parat illi locum minus aut magis ſecundùm naturam: ita vt, vbi demum abſoluerit <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, <lb></lb>id aſſecutum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit locum eiuſmodi qui ſibi propriè ſit conueniens & naturalis. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1794"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt colligam hanc ſententiam in pauca quæ à nullo propemodum negentur. </s> <s>Generans duo facit, <lb></lb>primùm producit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, & quoniam locus ſequitur elementi <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; dum producit ipſum, <lb></lb>ſimul <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> mouet ad ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, hoc eſt, ad locum ſibi naturalem: poſtquàm produxit, facit quie<lb></lb>tem in ſuo loco quę re ipſa nil eſt aliud profectò, quàm forma de prædicamento ipſius vbi. </s> <s>Ita fit, <lb></lb>vt generans moueat quidem <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, ſed non primò; quoniam ipſum mouet interuentu for<lb></lb>mę: nil <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> repugno, ſi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quemadmodum nos ipſi defendimus, aut affectioneis pręuias aſ<lb></lb>ſeuerare malis, vbi elementorum formas intentioni & remiſsioni ſubiicere verearis. </s> <s>Hæc ad ſum<lb></lb>mam eſt eorum ſententia cuius ad <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> nos item nonnulla ſubſcribere non pigebit. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>quia locus iſte paratur, dum fit graue, aut leue, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſteaquàm fuerit genitum; neceſſe item <lb></lb>eſt ita moueat generans, quia traducat elementum è potentia prima ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> primum quæ eſt ipſa <lb></lb>forma, ſecundo loco, non ſanè, quòd gradus quidam originis intercedat. (ſimul <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, <lb></lb>& mouetur, & ſimul eſt <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan>, & eſt in ſuo loco) ſed naturę: ſecundo, <expan abbr="inquã">inquam</expan>, loco <expan abbr="trãsferat">transferat</expan> ipſum <lb></lb>ad actum ſecundum, hoc eſt, accidentis, qui duplex item eſt, imperfectus: hic verò motus eſt ſe<lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & re ipſa locus imperfectus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alter omnino perfectus qui eſt ipſa quies <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> naturam, quæ reapſe locus eſt in quo manet ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Quanquam verò motus <pb pagenum="270"></pb>elementi naturam conſequitur; quòd ita fit, vt tantus ſit motus, & tanta ſit adeptio loci, quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1795"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum eſt id quod iam eſt actus ſiue poteſtatis, vt nos aimus, ad ſubſtantiam ſpectantis in elemen<lb></lb>to, eo tamen quem diximus anteà, modo conſeruato, vt iam ſupponi videatur habitus in omni <lb></lb>motu naturali; nihilominus, quia non dum eſt elementum, ſed fit adhuc; neque dum eſt graue <lb></lb>aut leue, ſed etiam fit hoc, & antequàm ſit leue, ſemper eſt graue, & contrà, ob eam ſcilicet <lb></lb>cauſſam quam ſuperiore libro expreſsimus, vbi prima fundamenta tranſmutationis enarraui<lb></lb>mus; ſequitur, vt in elemento, dum fit; inſit illa potentia quæ fundatur actu contrario, quę qui<lb></lb>dem remota eſt; & quoniam prius reſpicit formam, quæ conſtituit eſſentiam, deinde formam <lb></lb>accidentis, neque ad hanc peruenire poteſt, niſi per ſubſtantiæ tranſmutationem, à Latinis eſſen<lb></lb>tialis appellatur, nec aliena quidem à natura; quandò per eam priuatio corrumpatur, quæ co<lb></lb>mes eſt formæ oppoſitæ, <expan abbr="eaq">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>forma paretur, ad quam elementi materia per certam <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> <lb></lb>ordinata eſt. </s> <s>Hæc hactenus, vt puto, aut parum ab his aliena ſentiunt auctores citati, & eiuſmo<lb></lb>di profectò quę momenti nihil afferant ad ea conſtituenda quę ſequentur: nanque ex his adhuc <lb></lb>ſupereſt locus decernendi de cauſſa proxima motus elementorum: neque quicquam aduerſan<lb></lb>tur hæc iis quæ aut Auerroës, aut nos profitemur cum Græcis, & ſuppetit item occaſio diſſe<lb></lb>rendi de officio medij in hoc motu in vtriuſque ſectę ſententiam: neque enim Alexandrum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1796"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſum in illam trahere prætereà verebor.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1793"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1794"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1795"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1796"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Complura de actu primo diſſeruntur, & proponuntur aliqua de eo quod est. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò poſtulat id explicationem actus ſecundi; hinc ſumpto exordio rem om<lb></lb>nem exponemus. </s> <s>Actus omnis aut primus, aut ſecundus eſt. </s> <s>primum eſſe formam quæ <lb></lb>in ordine ſuo <expan abbr="graduq́">graduque</expan>. </s> <s>primùm materiæ accedit, nemo eſt qui dubitet. </s> <s>in vnoquoque enim prę<lb></lb>dicamento forma quædam eſt ſua cuiuſque propria, è cuius præſentia deducitur ad actum illa <lb></lb>poteſtas quæ eſt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> eius prædicamenti: nam potentia ſubſtantiæ è præſentia formæ conſti<lb></lb>tuentis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> fit actu ſubſtantia; potentia quantum è præſentia ſuæ ipſius formæ fit actu quan<lb></lb>tùm. </s> <s>& ſic de cęteris proportione dicendum eſt, quanquam primò fit actu ſubſtantia, deinde actu <lb></lb>quantùm, ſi non origine & tempore, ſaltem natura. </s> <s>hanc ſubinde conſequuntur omnia quę pro<lb></lb>pria ſunt eiuſdem prædicamenti. </s> <s>Actus hic, quia firmus, atque inuariabilis eſt, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> maneat <lb></lb>res; prætereà, quoniam habilitas quædam eſt ad aliquid facile agendum; non iniueria nuncupa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1797"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur habitus: & licet habitus ſit qualitas de primo genere, tamen in omni prædicamento quid<lb></lb>dam huiuſmodi cùm ſit, non ſecus atque virtus & vitium in quali; mihi veriſimile ſit eum vo<lb></lb>cari ſecundùm figuram dictionis habitum & qualitatem potius quàm, quòd reipſa ſit quali<lb></lb>tas, ac potius actum dici, quia per ipſum in ſuo quoque genere traducatur res ab eo quod non <lb></lb>eſt, ad id quod eſt, & ex eo quod erat poteſtate tantum, vt ſit, & obtineat aliquem gradum <lb></lb>perfectionis in ſuo prædicamento, cùm inductus ſit pro materiæ poteſtate, quemadmodum li<lb></lb>bro ſuperiore narrauimus. </s> <s>Proinde cùm formæ pro ratione ſui prædicamenti diuiduæ ſint, aut <lb></lb>fugiant diuiſionem; conſimiles quoque ſint actus eorum neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́ue">Cumque</expan> hic poteſtatem <lb></lb>ad id quod eſt, perficiat, cui nihil hoc vno actu excepto, aut ineſſe per ſe, aut antecedere poteſt: <lb></lb>(quid enim inſint ei, quod non eſt, quatenus eſt huiuſmodi?) actus atque ille quidem primus <lb></lb>appellatur; vt non ob vnam cauſſam tale nomen adeptum fuiſſe perſpicias; ſed tum, quia per <lb></lb>ipſum res primò ſit, tum etiam quia ſine ipſo nulla ſint eius rei munera: quoniam in genere <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ primum hominem eſſe oportet, deinde humanitus agere; ſic primùm eſſe leue, <lb></lb>deinde aut moueri ſurſum, aut ibi manere. </s> <s>Quamobrem & hæc munera videntur expri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1798"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mi eodem ſanè nomine cum ipſa forma; cùm res tum verè ſit, cùm fungitur officio ſuo, nec <lb></lb>otioſa languet in natura, ſed conditione quæ ſignificet ordinem: dicitur enim actus, verùm <lb></lb>ſecundus. </s> <s>Ideò quoniam aliquid proficit actus ille primus, dum erumpit in actionem, & id <lb></lb>præſtat quod antea poterat, & ad quod inſtitutus fuerat; etiam potentia nuncupatur: quia <lb></lb>tamen ea non eſt ad formam: hæc enim ſoli materiæ ineſt; ſecunda erit, cùm illa ſit prima. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò & de vtriuſque natura non deſunt quæ probabiliter quæri poſsint; ac multa illa qui<lb></lb>dem & præclara; nec ſatis, vt mea fert opinio, peruulgata, cùm ſeorſum de ſingulis, tum <lb></lb>etiam de vtroque coniunctim. </s> <s>Atque vt exordiamur à primo; cùm primus actus ſit prin<lb></lb>cipium quoddam ſimplex, id autem ex iis præceptis quæ nos anteà conſtiuimus, non ſine <lb></lb>habitudine exiſtere cognoſciúe poſsit; ita quoque explanabitur à nobis. </s> <s>Habitudo autem du<lb></lb>plex in principiis ſpectabatur, altera quidem quam ad ſe inuicem præferunt, vt materia & <lb></lb>forma, atque altera qua poſteriora reſpiciunt, veluti compoſitum & accidentia. </s> <s>Proptereà <lb></lb>ſub vtraque habitudine primus actus erit conſiderandus. </s> <s>Porrò clarior habitudo illa quæ in<lb></lb>tercedit inter principium & id quod principio poſterius eſt. </s> <s>notiora enim plerunque nobis <pb pagenum="271"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1799"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe ſolent ea quæ poſteriora ſunt natura. </s> <s>de hac igitur habitudine diſſeremus in primis, de al<lb></lb>tera poſthàc tractabimus, vbi de relatione materiæ & formæ inter ſe verba faciemus, eo con<lb></lb>tenti nunc, quòd actus primus ſit illius ſubſtantiæ perfectio quæ poteſtas eſt, & ſubiectum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quia verò habitudo primi actus ad poſteriora duplex obſeruatur, altera ſanè ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera ad id quod ex copula primi actus cùm poteſtate, & ſubiecto primùm exoritur, de po<lb></lb>ſteriore hac habitudine ante alia diſſeremus, ita monente natura; quæ iuſsit actus ſecundos eſſe <lb></lb>ſingularium, quæ iam ex actu primo & poteſtate conſtituta ſunt. </s> <s>Sed enim primus actus nil eſt <lb></lb>aliud reapſe, quàm forma ipſa cuiuſque prædicamenti, atque actus quidem ſimpliciter, eo quia <lb></lb>vox illa vim <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> perfectionis indicet: etenim <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελέχεια</foreign> propriè vocatur, primus autem, <lb></lb>quia perfectio illa ſit eius genuina, & propria, nec aliunde parta, ſed <foreign lang="grc">οῖκοθεν</foreign>, in cęteris autem <lb></lb>ex illius participatione inſit, vt enim verbo Ariſtotelis vtar, primum priore loco ſignificat vnum, <lb></lb>tum deinceps ordinem ad ea quæ ſequuntur. </s> <s>ideò actus atque ille quidem primus, quòd ab ea <lb></lb>primum res ſenſiles impetrauerint, quòd ſint: deinde, quòd ſuum quæque munus obire poſ<lb></lb>ſint. </s> <s>Cęterùm de munere poſteà. </s> <s>nunc primùm illud exquiramus quid actus primus ſit, vnde <lb></lb>vnaquæque res eſt aſſecuta quòd ſit. </s> <s>In huius explicatione deſideratur notio, & natura illius, <lb></lb>quod eſſe dicitur, qua perſpecta nobis ſuccedet exquiſitè noſſe quid ſit actus ille primus de quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1800"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſermo inſtitutus eſt, ſed planè conturbatio vocum quibus notio eius quod eſt, cum à Gręcis, <lb></lb>tum à Latinis noſtris exprimitur, miram difficultatem affert; quapropter à nominis explicatio<lb></lb>ne mihi video nunc exordiendum. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles igitur huiuſcemodi vocibus illa omnia quibus <lb></lb>eſſe quoquo modo includeretur expoſuit. <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὄν</foreign> quaſi dicas ens, <foreign lang="grc">τὸ εἰηαι</foreign> eſſe, atque id vel <foreign lang="grc">εἶναι <lb></lb>τούτου, ἢ τούτῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>vt primo de cęlo <foreign lang="grc">τὸ εἴναι οὐρανῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>eſſe huius, vel huic vel <foreign lang="grc">εἶναι τουτὸ</foreign>, ideſt <lb></lb>eſſe hoc, tum etiam <foreign lang="grc">εἷναι ἐν τινι</foreign> eſſe in aliquo. </s> <s>præterea <foreign lang="grc">τὸ τί ἠνἑιναι</foreign>, ideſt quod quid erat <lb></lb>eſſe inter hæc etiam <foreign lang="grc">οὐσῖα</foreign>, quę ſubſtantia dicitur, necnon eſſentia, prout accipitur abſolutè. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic enim ſubſtantia exiſtit, aut cùm relatione, & ita dicitur eſſentia, nanque illud tritius exi<lb></lb>ſtimatur, vocari ſubſtantiam, quæ ſeparabilis eſt; eam verò, quæ tribuitur alteri nempe com<lb></lb>poſito ex materia ſenſili cuius eſſe dicitur; eſſentiam. </s> <s>eſſe quoque altera voce exprimitur. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τοῦ ὑπάρχειν</foreign>. </s> <s>ſed mea quidem ſententia vox <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὑπάρχειν</foreign> rarò admodum vſurpata eſt ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele ad ſignificandum aliquid abſolutum; ſed id quod aliud reſpicit, vt accidens, aut for<lb></lb>mam <expan abbr="indeq́ue">indeque</expan> ducta, <foreign lang="grc">ἐν ὑπάρχειν</foreign>, quo notantur ea prædicata quæ accipiuntur in defini<lb></lb>tione ſubiectorum, & <foreign lang="grc">ἐν ὑπάχεσθαι</foreign>, qua voce exprimuntur ea prędicata quæ accipiunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1801"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ſui definitione ſubiectum; <expan abbr="indeq́ue">indeque</expan> ductum <foreign lang="grc">προῦπάρχειν</foreign>, quod item ab Ariſtotele attribu<lb></lb>tum eſt quod eſt in alio, vt cognitioni. </s> <s>Omnis enim doctrina, inquit, & diſciplina <foreign lang="grc">ἐκ προῦ<lb></lb>παρχούσης γίνεται γνώσεως</foreign>. </s> <s>At verò poſteriores Gręci frequentius vſi ſunt ea voce <foreign lang="grc">ὑπάρχειν</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>in abſolutis notandis; vnde etiam deriuarunt <foreign lang="grc"> ὑπάρξιν</foreign>, & id ſignificare voluiſſe viden<lb></lb>tur, quod Latini noſtri ſubſiſtere <expan abbr="ſubſiſtentiamq́">ſubſiſtentiamque</expan>. </s> <s>dixerunt, vt ab eſſentia quam <foreign lang="grc">οὐσὶαν</foreign> vocant, <lb></lb>ſeparare poſſet. </s> <s>Addiderunt & Theologi <foreign lang="grc">ὑποστῆναι, & ὑπόστασιν</foreign>, vt puto, conuenienter <lb></lb>cùm alteris illis <foreign lang="grc">ὐπάρχειν, & ὑπαρξιν</foreign>. </s> <s>Latini demum ens, eſſe eſſentiam, exiſtere, ſeu ſubſiſte<lb></lb>re exiſtentiam in medio attulerunt. </s> <s>eſſe hoc, huius vel huic, ſubſtantiam item, & quod quid <lb></lb>erat eſſe, ſeu quiditatem. </s> <s>In eo cùm Ariſtotele concordes, quòd ens & eſſe eiuſdem notionis in<lb></lb>dices eſſent, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conualeſcere & conualeſcentem eſſe, in vſu vocis ſubſtantiæ non ad<lb></lb>modum variantes. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo accipientes eſſe hoc pro re ſenſili, & compoſita ex poteſtate & <lb></lb>actu, materia & forma; verùm eſſe huius vel eſſe huic, quod alio nomine <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> appellaſſe per<lb></lb>ſpicio, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quiditatem; neſcio hercle, ſatis'ne cum Ariſtotele congruenter expreſſerint. </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>apud eos quorum <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> hodie auctoritatem eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id optimo iure perſpicio, eſſentia, quidi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1802"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tas & exiſtentia ſiue ſubſiſtentia. </s> <s>ſic diſtinguuntur, quòd exiſtentia ſit actus rei ſenſilis, quatenus <lb></lb>extra cauſſas ſuas agentem nimirùm, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> exiſtit; quiditatem idem ac <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; eſſentiam <lb></lb>verò cauſſas omneis quæ rem ipſam <expan abbr="cõplent">complent</expan>, & quę definitione explicantur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omnia illa <lb></lb>quæ in definitione accipiuntur ſunt quid eſt, ſed etiam materia ponitur in definitione quæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>non eſt pars, ſed vehiculum quiditatis. </s> <s>Nos quidem de hoc poſteriore capite ſtatuendum eſſet, <lb></lb>primo lib. docuimus. </s> <s>interim verò hæc attigiſſe ſufficiat, vt vocum ſignificata diſtinguantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atqui cominus ad ipſam rem venientes, quandò à notioribus nobis incohandum eſt; notius au<lb></lb>tem eſt illud eſſe, quod <foreign lang="grc">τὸ εἶναι</foreign>, vel <foreign lang="grc">ὑπάρχειν</foreign> ſubſiſtere ſcilicet, vel exiſtere poſteriores Græci di<lb></lb>xerunt, & eſſe hoc Ariſtoteles; exiſtentiam noſtri conficto <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> abſtracto, cui nihil in rerum na<lb></lb>tura reſpondeat. </s> <s>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm exponitur ſenſui, nec extat, inquam, materia ſine forma & actu, ne<lb></lb>que forma ſine poteſtate & materia. </s> <s>ab eius explicatione nunc ordiamur, & à primis proterum <lb></lb>natura ſumpto exordio explanemus quid ſit. </s> <s>At <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ideſt quærere cauſſas quibus attribuitur, vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diximus, tribuitur <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan> & ſingularibus: hæc enim verè ſunt, & primò ſunt ea notione, <lb></lb>quæ noſtræ <expan abbr="mẽti">menti</expan> primùm offertur (eſſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſile prius à nob. </s> <s>concipitur) ex quo cęteris deinceps <lb></lb>adſcribitur. </s> <s>Cauſſa cur hęc ſint duplex eſt, externa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, & interna; nihil <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <expan abbr="pręsẽtia">pręsentia</expan> de externa. <pb pagenum="272"></pb>Interna rurſus eſt duplex, vna prima & præcipua: altera verò alterius ordinis. </s> <s>prima quidem for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1803"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ante formæ aduentum res eſſe quidem <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; non eſt tamen, niſi forma acceſſerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma eſſe poteſt niſi illi materia ſupponatur. </s> <s>Ideò materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad id vt res ſit, con<lb></lb>currat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Hæc indubitata. </s> <s>ſed præter ipſa cruciat interpretes Ariſtotelis, quid ſit forma<lb></lb>liter hoc, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſſe appellamus, hoc eſt, quo potiſsimum natura ipſius eſſe determinatur; ſit'ne res <lb></lb>an modus, an aliud <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> <expan abbr="diuersũ">diuersum</expan> ab his. </s> <s>Rem ego voco, quæ cùm voce exprimitur, ſedat <expan abbr="mẽtẽ">mentem</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe, hoc eſt, per ſe ſignificatur, & ad <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> prędicamentum adiungitur, & nomine, & verbo ex<lb></lb>primitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eſt accidens, aut ſubſtantia: modum verò qui rei conditionem notat <foreign lang="grc">προσδιο<lb></lb>ρισμὸν</foreign> ſiue <foreign lang="grc">τρήπον</foreign> Gręci dicunt, & in rem ipſam intenditur idcirco vox qua pronunciatur, non <lb></lb>ſignificat ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mentem per ſe ſiſtit, ſed vnà ſignificat ſolùm, & eget alicuius admini<lb></lb>culo quod eam ſubſtineat, vt mens eo concepto quieſcat, nec quicquam vltra requirat. </s> <s>Prætereà <lb></lb>quemadmodum ab eſſentia diſtinguatur. </s> <s>Atqui de primo comperimus eſſe, & modum, & rem <lb></lb>fuiſſe <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>: atque idem à quibuſdam <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ab aliis accidens fuiſſe poſitum. </s> <s>Occaſio du<lb></lb>bitationis huiuſce ab Alexandro & Auerroë traxit originem, quòd ab illis quæſtio ſit'ne res, mo<lb></lb>dò ad quæſtionem generis, aliàs ad accidentis quæſtionem referretur. </s> <s>at quæſtio generis eſt quę<lb></lb>ſtio non accidentis, ſed ſubſtantiæ, & eorum quæ prædicantur in quid eſt. </s> <s>Igitur etiam eſſe idem <lb></lb>eſt àc genus & eſſentia, non accidens. </s> <s>Potuit huius ſententiæ patronos hoc mouere quod ab Ari<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1804"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtotele <expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan> eſt ſub initium 2. Poſt. quia ſcilicet, dum quęrimus an ſit, cauſſas percuncta<lb></lb>mur, ob quas eſt, at cauſſæ eius quod eſt, quatenus eſt, in eſſentia <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> partes eius <expan abbr="cõtinentur">continentur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo eſſe idem eſt <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſum quid eſt. </s> <s>Ex alia parte Alexander, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Auerroës & ibidem àc plu<lb></lb>ribus aliis in locis referunt quæſtionem ſit'ne res ad quæſtionem de accidente, licet de ratione re<lb></lb>ferendi ſecum diſſentiant. </s> <s>Nam communiter id concluditur; quoniam eſſentia ſeparatur ab eſ<lb></lb>ſe, vel auctore Ariſtotele, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui item prædicat eſſe nulli eſſe ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Neque iuuat id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1805"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſentia non ſeparetur ab eſſe ſimpliciter; cùm in ea notione retineatur notio quòd eſt, nempe il<lb></lb>lud eſſe, quod mente comprehendi poteſt, quod definitione .ſ. </s> <s>explicatur, vt antea declarauimus; <lb></lb>ſiquidem hæc notio ipſius eſſe natura poſterior eſt, & ab ea prima notione deriuatur eius quod <lb></lb>eſt eſſe, ſenſile nimirùm, & in materia; etenim res <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe foret, quanuis non intelligeretur à no<lb></lb>bis, ſpeciatim verò, quòd, vt inquit Alexander: Omnis quæſtio aut eſt ſimpliciter, aut eſt cum ſi<lb></lb>gnificatione modi quo ineſt. </s> <s>At ſi eſt quæſtio ſimpliciter, eſt quæſtio accidentis. </s> <s>Ea verò eſt quę<lb></lb>ſtio ſimpliciter. </s> <s>an ſit Centaurus & Deus. </s> <s>Ergo hæc eſt quæſtio accidentis. </s> <s>Auerroës autem <lb></lb>monet, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi quæritur, an res ſit, nihil aliud quęri, quàm illud, an'ne ſit verum, an ſcilicet ei quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1806"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1807"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habemus in animo, quicquam in rerum natura reſpondeat. </s> <s>hæc verò eſt quæſtio accidentis. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>nos ante hæc tempora decreta fuiſſe competimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1797"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1798"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1799"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1800"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1801"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1802"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1803"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1804"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1805"></margin.target>a 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1806"></margin.target>b 1. Top. <lb></lb>cap. </s> <s>de ac<lb></lb>cidente. <lb></lb></s> <s><lb></lb>1. Poſt. T. <lb></lb>c. 33. <lb></lb><lb></lb>5. Met. T. <lb></lb>c. 14. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Lib. de ſtr. <lb></lb></s> <s>diſp. 8. ſol. <lb></lb></s> <s>1. dub.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1807"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In ſuperiores ſententias diſſeritur, & ostenditur eſſe ab eſſentia, & accidente <lb></lb>differre. </s> <s>Caput XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NVNC diligenter exquirere oportet, an'ne hęc cum Peripateticorum dogmatis congruant: <lb></lb>ac primùm videamus ſit'ne vllo pacto eſſe cuiuſpiam genus & eſſentia. </s> <s>Quanuis autem <lb></lb>hoc Zimara contra Achillinum ſatis pro ſententia confecerit; ea nos tamen breuiter inſtituimus <lb></lb>deliberare, vt tum ea quę ipſe litteris <expan abbr="cõmendauit">commendauit</expan>, tum item illa quę tractabuntur à nobis, <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <lb></lb>inde lucem aſſequantur. </s> <s>Itaque præter ea quæ ſuperiore capite ex Alexandro & Auerroë ſunt <lb></lb>allata, ſolent <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hæc opponi. </s> <s>Etenim duæ diuerſę hypotheſes ſunt, eſſe <expan abbr="vnitatẽ">vnitatem</expan>, & quid eſt vnitas, <lb></lb>ſine quarum altera nullos progreſſus noſtra <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan> facit in Arithmetica. </s> <s>Tum etiam, quia ſi idem <lb></lb>ſit eſſe, quod eſſentia; eſſe verò ſingularium eſt, eſſentia verò vniuerſalis. </s> <s>Ergo quicquid ſingu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1808"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lari tribui ſolet, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tribuendum foret vniuerſali: ſic homo per ſe curaretur à medico <lb></lb>per ſe, cùm <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> Socrates æger ab Hyppocrate medico per ſe curetur. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæſtio, ſit'ne res, <lb></lb>ſyllogiſmo hypothetico terminari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>nulla <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quæſtio de re, quid ſit, poteſt ſyllogiſmo termi<lb></lb>nari. </s> <s>Non ergo quæſtio de re an'ne ſit, eſt eſſentiæ quæſtio. </s> <s>erit igitur accidentis, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quic<lb></lb>quam inter <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> & accidens intercedit. </s> <s>At cùm profiteretur Auerroës aliquando <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan>, <lb></lb>ſit'ne res, eſſe, quęſtionem generis Zimara <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> diſtinguendam eſſe ratus eſt. </s> <s>Nam fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>inquit, vt dum quęrimus an ſit res, id animo anticipemus, reſpondeat'ne aliquid in rerum natura <lb></lb>ei quod iam mente concepimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſtatuit eſſe <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> accidentis, licet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quærere de re, <lb></lb>an ſit actu quæ eſt prædicatio ſubſtantiæ: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſſe actu reducitur ad prædicamentum ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ; hanc verò inquit eſſe quæſtionem generis. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ordinatas eſſe has quæſtiones, vt hæc na<lb></lb>tura <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſit altera prior. </s> <s>nihilominus poſterior nob. </s> <s>illa nob. </s> <s>prior, nam poſterior. </s> <s>Nam mens <lb></lb><expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> generis non aggreditur, niſi rem <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan> eſſe præoccupauerit. </s> <s>appellat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hanc <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> <lb></lb>propoſitionis. </s> <s>Quòd ſi eidem obiicias, Eſſe non prædicari per accidens. </s> <s>Tum etiam quod eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe genus. </s> <s>ad <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> obiectionem ita reſpondet monens primùm accidens non conſueta ſignifi <pb pagenum="273"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1809"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>catione accipi, quod eſt in ſubiecto, ſed quod non eſt neque pars eſſentiæ, neque principium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde tametſi genus ab Auerroë nuncupatum eſt, non eſſe genus vniuocum, ſed genus ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>: <lb></lb>proptereaquòd hoc eſſe rei ſubſtantiam ſignificat, ſed quia diuerſis modis id præſtat, vniuocum <lb></lb>eſſe non poteſt: ſignificat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> modò ſubſtantiam ſimpliciter, aliàs <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> quantam, <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>qualem. </s> <s>Si etiam opponas Alexandrum referentem eiuſmodi quæſtionem ad accidens. </s> <s>reſpon<lb></lb>det cum Auerroë, quæſtionem ab Alexandro conſtituram non eſſe demonſtratiuam, ſed diale<lb></lb>cticam. </s> <s>Atqui hanc eſſe accidentis, ſed demonſtratiua generis eſt, vt diximus: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dialectica <lb></lb>quæſtio diſtinguitur à demonſtratiua; cùm dialectica ſit de his quæ mens noſtra rebus attribuit, <lb></lb>veluti ſunt accidere cuipiam, eſſe genus, & <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> illius, & denique de ſecundis, vt aiunt, in<lb></lb>tentionibus: quæſtio verò demonſtratiua de rebus, vt ſunt extra animum; ea verò non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe <lb></lb>de eo quod eſt actu. </s> <s>ſiquidem cum demonſtrationes, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> definitiones ab illo ſignificato eius <lb></lb>quod eſt, mentis ope ſegregentur. </s> <s>Ergo eſſe quod demonſtratiuæ quæſtioni ſubiicitur, eſt eſſen<lb></lb>tia & ſubſtantia, non accidens. </s> <s>Sic defenditur in vtranque partem, quæſtionem ſit'ne res, eſſe ac<lb></lb>cidentis ſimul, atque ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Equidem etſi non receptam fuiſſe video ſententiam hanc, quia <lb></lb>tamen nec à quoquam confutatam eſſe obſeruo, nec ad rationeis pro hac parte quicquam <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe comperio; non ab re item fuerit, niſi fallor, hæc omnia diligentius explorare. </s> <s>Mihi verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1810"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plura ſuccurrunt quæ contrà afferri queant. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> probare poſſunt. </s> <s>quòd quæſtio illa quæ <lb></lb>primo loco tractanda proponitur, eò tendat, vt cognoſcamus, an ſit verum. </s> <s>Nam verum eſſe eſt <lb></lb>modus eius quod eſt. </s> <s>Atqui modo ſemper ſupponitur eius notio cuius eſt modus. </s> <s>Deinde non <lb></lb>poſſum intelligere, quod ſibi velit illud, veritatem quæ primæ quæſtioni ſubiicitur, eſſe <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> <lb></lb>propoſitionis; niſi quòd eius veritas in <expan abbr="cõplexione">complexione</expan> poſita ſit; opinor, quia ſtatuatur in ea verum <lb></lb>hoc eſſe. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ita conſtituit; omninò quæſtio dialectica de eo quòd ſit; modo definietur, & <lb></lb>tamen Ariſtoteles ſimpliciter concludi docet, an hoc ſit. </s> <s>Deinde reſolueretur illa quæſtio in <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <lb></lb>priorem, an, ſcilicet, hoc ſit: aut igitur prima quæſtio dialectica non eſſet ea qua quęritur ſit'ne <lb></lb>aliquid, ſi ita formetur, vt Zimarę placuit, contra illa quæ decreuit Ariſtoteles in Topicis; aut <lb></lb>ſi prima eſt inter dialecticas: in aliam reſoluetur quę erit Analytica neceſſariò (alterutram enim <lb></lb>eſſe oportet) an hoc, ſcilicet, ſit ſimpliciter; & tamen apparet in eodem ordine collocatas fuiſſe <lb></lb>taleis quęſtioneis an ſit ſimpliciter, & an ſit verum, in Topicis ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Nam ſi foret <lb></lb>alia quæſtio, aut eſſet generis, aut definitionis, aut proprij, aut plures eſſent, quàm quinque <expan abbr="pro-blematũ">pro<lb></lb>blematum</expan> dialecticorum fontes ab Ariſtotele aſsignati, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> genus, aut definitio <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1811"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſignificat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod in alio, & eſt tranſcendens, neque proprium, quòd ita non eſſet quęſtio prior <lb></lb>generis quęſtione, ſed poſterior. </s> <s>concluditur ergo de ſimplici inhęrentia prędicati. </s> <s>Si velit nunc <lb></lb>Zimara quęſtioneis has eſſe complexas, & ideò <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> propoſitionis, ideſt, <expan abbr="cõplexam">complexam</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ falsò opponitur, cùm cęteroqui veritas ſimplex opponatur ignorantiæ; vt facile dabimus, <lb></lb>ſic eum dicemus, in ſua oratione diſſentire, & contra ea quę ante dixerit, dicere. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod <lb></lb>adiecit, id quod eſt dici tanquam genus, & ſignificare ſubſtantiam, quia prædicetur vt ad vnum, <lb></lb>non ſatis ſibi conſtare puto. </s> <s>quandoquidem ſi <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> prędicetur vt ad vnum, eſt poſterius ſuis <lb></lb>partibus, nec cuiquam <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe ſubſtantia. </s> <s>ſi vera ſunt ea quæ de communi ad vnum libro prio<lb></lb>re decreuimus. </s> <s>quinimmò cùm ab eo de quo prædicatur, reipſa nihil differat (hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mox ape<lb></lb>rietur) & eſt ſubſtantia, & eſt homo, & eſt equus. </s> <s>quocirca quærere an equus ſit, eſt quærere de <lb></lb>actu equi primo, qui <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> notionem <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> pręſefert. </s> <s>quare non prędicatur vt genus. </s> <s>Potuit <lb></lb>illum perſuadere fortaſſe dictum Ariſtotelis 2. Poſt. vbi quæſtionem ſit'ne res, Ariſtoteles cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ quęſtionem ſtatuit, & docuit ex cognitione ipſius quid eſt, nos <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rem eſſe cognoſcere, quaſi <lb></lb>verò eadem ſit vtriuſque rei quæſtio. </s> <s>Sed in eo deceptus eſt, quòd eſt quæſtio ſit'ne res, veluti <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1812"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obiecti, quod cùm ſenſile ſit, & nob. </s> <s>notum, <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> ad cognitionis ſuæ cupidinem inflam<lb></lb>mauit. </s> <s>cauſſa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quæritur, vt medium, quo quęſtio diſſoluenda ſit. </s> <s>quæ quidem terminus eſt re<lb></lb>ſolutionis; ſed non ſcientię, illucuſque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mens noſtra diſſoluendo progreditur. </s> <s>ſed non termi<lb></lb>natur eius progreſſus, ſi diſcere velit. </s> <s>quandò nos cauſſas rerum inquirimus, vt cognitas, effecti<lb></lb>bus applicemus, & vt per reſolutionem cauſſas inuentas, cum effectis iterum componamus, ſed <lb></lb>terminatur nihilominus inquiſitio medio; quia cauſſa cognita, in illa quoque perſpicuus euadit <lb></lb>effectus. </s> <s>atque id ex conſequenti, quaſi, ſic progrediatur noſtra mens, vt medicus, qui optimę fœ<lb></lb>minę colorem viuidum reſtituturus purget corpus à malis ſuccis, nec <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> amplius efficiat: <lb></lb>nam purgato corpore color ex conſecutione reparatur. </s> <s>At cauſsis aliquid addit ipſum compo<lb></lb>ſitum, ſiue effectus & eſſe, nempe ſenſilem <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quę cauſſę locum in ſcientia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> obtinuit, ſed <lb></lb>obiecti: ſic eſt quęſtio, ſi eſt quęſtio ipſius quid eſt. </s> <s>Neque tamen idem eſt eſſe & quid eſt. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quo-niã">quo<lb></lb>niam</expan> ſuę cauſsę firmamentum <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> opinabatur, quòd in ea quęſtione non quęreretur de eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>eſt eſſe actu: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab hac notione ſeparantur definitiones, atque demonſtrationes; etiam in hoc <lb></lb>peccauit, niſi fallor; quia, ſiquando pronunciauit hoc Ariſtoteles, vt feciſſe videtur, 7. Met. de <lb></lb>ſingulari & indiuiduo verba fecit. </s> <s>actum vniuerſalem non reiiciens, quatenus in philoſophia na <pb pagenum="274"></pb>turali ſupponit pro ſingularibus, vt olim <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Neque hoc abſurdum eſt, vbi id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1813"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt actu, pro obiecto ſumatur. </s> <s>cęterùm quatenus media, demonſtratio, & definitio ſeparantur ab <lb></lb>eo quod eſt in actu, ſic hominis eſt definitio, & homo eſt obiectum quod ſciri debet, id per quod <lb></lb>ſcitur, eſt animal <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> compos quod ab eo quod eſt eſſe in actu, ſegregatur. </s> <s>& de Luna quęritur <lb></lb>ſit'ne obnoxia deliquioni, & deliquionis cauſſa quęritur quæ ſenſui ſeſe offert; at non quatenus <lb></lb>cùm indiuidui conditionibus repręſentatur, verùm vt ab his conditionibus libera & expedita <lb></lb>degenerat in vniuerſale quod nihiloſerius ſupponit, vt dictum eſt, pro ſingularibus. </s> <s>Nunquam <lb></lb>enim ego perſuadebor, vt aliqui ferunt, facultatem lumine carendi eſſe id cuius ſcientia quæ<lb></lb>ritur: qui optimè videam, cùm mens noſtra ab ſingularibus abſtrahit, vniuerſale non facere <expan abbr="tran-ſitũ">tran<lb></lb>ſitum</expan> ab actu ad poteſtatem, ſed ab hoc actu ad actum ſimpliciter, vt quiuis ſanę mentis facilè co<lb></lb>gnoſcere poteſt. </s> <s>Proinde quæſtio ſit'ne res, nequeapud dialecticum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> apud analyticum, ſeu <lb></lb><expan abbr="demonſtratiuũ">demonſtratiuum</expan> erit vllo modo quæſtio ſubſtantiæ, ſiue eſſentiæ, vt ipſi voluerunt. </s> <s>Diſcrimen <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>quod adſcripſit inter dialecticas quæſtioneis, & <expan abbr="demõſtratiuas">demonſtratiuas</expan>, ſeu rectius analyticas, non admo<lb></lb>dum certum eſſe arbitror. </s> <s>Etenim non modò licet dialectico tractare ſecundas notioneis. </s> <s>verùm <lb></lb>etiam primas; proptereaquòd de quocunque problemate propoſito probabiliter diſputare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si etiam dialectica vtilis eſt ad exercitationeis, colloquia, & ad eas quæ ſecundùm philoſophiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1814"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, diſciplinas, & ad <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan> principia potiſsime; planum quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de rebus ipſis agi diale<lb></lb>cticè licebit. </s> <s>Prætereà docuit aliquando Ariſtoteles ab omnibus prædicatis, pręterquàm ab acci<lb></lb>dente fieri conuerſionem, vt ſi proprium hominis eſt eſſe diſciplinæ capax; ſequitur ergo <expan abbr="homi-nẽ">homi<lb></lb>nem</expan> eſſe diſciplinę capacem. </s> <s>ſimiliter ſi hominis definitio eſt animal mortale bipes. </s> <s>ergo homo <lb></lb>eſt animal mortale bipes; hæc verò prædicatio propria eſt accidentis, ab illis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic ipſo auctore <lb></lb>eorum prædicatio conuertitur ad <expan abbr="prędicationẽ">prędicationem</expan> accidentis. </s> <s>Itaque non minus hæc quàm illa erit <lb></lb>prædicatio dialectica. </s> <s>Atque vbi Ariſtoteles ſtatuit differentiam inter quæſtioneis analyticas & <lb></lb>dialecticas, etiam in definitionibus ipſis proponendis 6. & 7. Top. <expan abbr="proponẽdi">proponendi</expan> formulam indica<lb></lb>uit. </s> <s>Nam ſi ita quæratur, quid eſt homo, eſt analytica propoſitio; ſi verò an animal bipes ſit ho<lb></lb>minis definitio, hæc eſt dialectica. </s> <s>quoniam ad hanc reſpondere licet alterutram partem contra<lb></lb>dictionis, ibi non licet. </s> <s>Proinde ſi, quòd accidentis quæſtio proponatur hoc modo; quia quate<lb></lb>nus verum hoc ſit; non recludit <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> ad difficultateis è medio tollendas, planum eſt, aliud <expan abbr="indiciũ">indicium</expan> <lb></lb>de eo prædicato eſſe <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan>. </s> <s>patet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non rectè accidens habitum fuiſſe id quod eſt eſſe in actu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1808"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1809"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1810"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1811"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1812"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1813"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1814"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur an eſſe ſit modus quidam, cętera afferuntur quę ſunt huius diſceptationis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1815"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Caput XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1815"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VENIAMVS ad eos nunc, qui putant eſſe reponendum eſſe in modis, non autem in reb. <lb></lb></s> <s>vt ſuperiores philoſophi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſe quidem modum quo res extra nihilum exiſtunt, vel ex<lb></lb>tra ſuas cauſſas, efficientem ſcilicet in qua ſunt, vt in poteſtate agendi, & materiam in qua ſunt, <lb></lb>vt in poteſtate patiendi. </s> <s>Verùm, quia non omnium cauſſæ ſunt, ſed eſt quędam cauſſa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> il<lb></lb>la quidem prima de qua mente concipi non poteſt, eſſe extra cauſſas, eam conditionem reſtrin<lb></lb>gunt tribuentes illud reb. genitis, aut ad ſummum ab alio pendentib. in prima talem notionem <lb></lb>ponunt eius quod eſt eſſe, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>ſunt extra <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> genus effectus. </s> <s>Hîc ego propter auctorita<lb></lb>tem <expan abbr="doctorũ">doctorum</expan> quos ſemper admiratus ſum, <expan abbr="veniã">veniam</expan> facilè pro veritate impetrabo, ſiquid <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> dixe<lb></lb>rim. </s> <s>Tu interim <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> hæc futura ſunt, quæſo in <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan> partem accipias. </s> <s>Cùm verò hæc gra<lb></lb>tis ſumant, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> rationem <expan abbr="afferãt">afferant</expan>, cur ita decreuerint, nos ad poſitionis huiuſce perſcrutationem <lb></lb>proximè conferemus. </s> <s>Ille igitur qui <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> notionem entis proponit, inferre videtur quandam ha<lb></lb>bitudinem eius, quod eſt, ad ſuas cauſſas. </s> <s>quare nulla ipſius eſſe notio <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe abſoluta. </s> <s>& tamen <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1816"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nouimus eorum quæ ſunt, nonnulla eſſe & concipi vt abſoluta, quædam verò cùm habitudine. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque tu mihi hîc opponas, ſubſtantiarum <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> notione ſolùm; at non à nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita concipi, ſed cum habitudine perpetuò. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ſatis eſſet, ſi illius ratio poſſet eſſe abſoluta ſua<lb></lb>pte natura. </s> <s>Tum item, quia licet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nob. </s> <s>abſolutè ſubſtantiam noſcere, ſi ea prior eſt accidente <lb></lb>notitia, natura, & tempore, erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquod inſtans, vel naturæ, vel temporis quo ſubſtantia per ſe <lb></lb>ipſam, quantum .ſ. </s> <s>è principiis internis exiſtit, vt ſenſui ſeſe offert, menti noſtræ præſentetur; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>illa erit abſoluta cognitio. </s> <s>Prætereà illorum notio quæ inter ſe reſpiciunt; antecederer notioni <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ; ſic prius noſceretur attributum, quàm fundamentum: & tamen prius noſcimus eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="Socrratẽ">Socratem</expan>, deinde filios'ne habeat, aut diſcipulos. </s> <s>Necnon prima notio eius quod eſt, incohata eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> confuſa, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimplex & vna. </s> <s>atqui cùm ea habitudine, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimplex, neque vna mihi <lb></lb>videtur. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa erit eius notio prima. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item eſt ad <expan abbr="meũ">meum</expan> ſenſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad illud ſynce<lb></lb>rum & ſubtile <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>, quòd reſpondeas illam <expan abbr="pendentiã">pendentiam</expan> facere aliquam notionem complexam, <lb></lb>vt cùm accidens <expan abbr="concretũ">concretum</expan> concipitur, aut cùm alterius eſſe dicitur id quod reſpicit alterum, velut <lb></lb>ſi dicam Franciſci famulus; quæ tamen citra <expan abbr="enũciationẽ">enunciationem</expan> conſiſtat, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſimplex habeatur; <pb pagenum="275"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1817"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia non erit illa prima informatio, <expan abbr="notioq́">notioque</expan>. </s> <s>entis quæ eſt cum pendentia, ſed poſterior; nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>quęrimus hîc de prima. </s> <s>prius enim noſcitur homo & cęlum; deinde noſcitur habeat'ne <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <lb></lb>efficientem, aut finem: addo item materiam, & nonnunquam id quod eſt, eſſe cognoſcitur, latet <lb></lb>autem habeat'ne illa cauſſarum genera, & eſt demonſtrabile, non perſpicuum. </s> <s>Prætereà notio <lb></lb>iſta non eſſet prior quo ad nos, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illi efficientis notio præcederet; &, quod multò peius eſt, <lb></lb>materiæ & poteſtatis de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> eſſe anguſtiore menſura prędicatur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi fatearis ea cognoſci, <lb></lb>vt ſunt; ideò nihil antecedere notitiæ illius quod eſt. </s> <s>Tum quæro quæ'nam ſit iſta notio. </s> <s>Si, vt <lb></lb>ſunt extra ſuas cauſſas, & de <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> notione ſecundo loco percunctabor. </s> <s>Sic quęſtio progredietur <lb></lb>in immenſum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi <expan abbr="quempiã">quempiam</expan> alium <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> excogitaueris: ergo erit aliqua notio eius quod <lb></lb>eſt multò ſimplicior & prior, quàm illius quod <expan abbr="notiſsimũ">notiſsimum</expan> nob. </s> <s>conſtituimus. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae <lb></lb>cùm ita dicitur eſſe, ſignificatur <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> eſſe extra ſuas cauſſas: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accidenti pręponitur om<lb></lb>nibus modis. </s> <s>Ergo non erit prima notio ſubſtantiæ confuſa, ſed tum reſoluta erit in alia princi<lb></lb>pia, cui natura perpetuò reclamat, quę nobis ingenuit <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> qua à confuſis ad diſtincta progredere<lb></lb>mur. </s> <s>Adde etiam, quae modo ſupponitur aliqua notio prior, eius .ſ. </s> <s>quę eſt rei cuius eſt modus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nũc">Nunc</expan> <lb></lb>quæro, quæ ſit rei notio, an'ne vt eſt? </s> <s>Tum aut hic eſt modus, & ſic in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> quæſtio procedet, <lb></lb>aut alia <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> erit notio eius, & nobis prior, quàm eius quod eſt, & quàm illa quę à nobis prima <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1818"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſita eſt. </s> <s>Sed eſto, ſit modus formæ, quia .ſ. </s> <s>illud eſſe obiiciat nobis <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non ſimpliciter, ſed vt <lb></lb>in materia: quid, ſi <expan abbr="cõferatur">conferatur</expan> cùm reipſa cui tribuitur eſſe? </s> <s>erit'ne modus eius an aliud <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>? <lb></lb></s> <s>profectò parùm ſe explicare videntur huius ſententiæ patroni. </s> <s>Sed videamus obſecro quod ipſi <lb></lb>de ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ cognitione decreuerint. </s> <s>Vt volunt, ex eo cognoſcitur, quae ſit extra omne ge<lb></lb>nus effecti. </s> <s>Eſt'ne hæc prima <expan abbr="rudiſq́">rudiſque</expan>. </s> <s>illius notitia quod eſt? </s> <s>Minimè profectò, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> tales ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ ſunt nobis ignotæ, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> monſtrat vllo modo ſenſus, quae ſint. </s> <s>Eſt'ne fortaſſe diſtincta? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>hoc etiam: quia quicquid ſit de veritate, nulla eſt alia via à Peripateticis vſurpata qua <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> <lb></lb>ſeparatæ notitiam adipiſci valeamus, quàm motus. </s> <s>Sed notio primi motus ducit nos in primum <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, propter relationem mobilis ad mouens: <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſimpliciter relinquit methodus <expan abbr="mẽti">menti</expan> <lb></lb>perfectæ quam <expan abbr="adeptã">adeptam</expan> vocant. </s> <s>Atqui foret alia via qua manuduceremur in eius ſubſtantię <expan abbr="cogni-tionẽ">cogni<lb></lb>tionem</expan>, quàm motus, ſi quà extra <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> effectum conciperetur. </s> <s>Præterquam quòd illa notio reſol<lb></lb>uitur in <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> notionem quæ nobis & natura prior eſt, nempe in notionem primi: <expan abbr="qũo">quomodo</expan> factum eſt, <lb></lb>vt ex notione <expan abbr="primorũ">primorum</expan> contrariorum Ariſtoteles inferret ea non fieri ex aliis, neque ex ſeſe viciſ<lb></lb>ſim, ſed alia ex ipſis. </s> <s>Ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> antequàm noſcamus eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ſeparatam, habuimus eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1819"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan>: addo item, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam <expan abbr="cõplexam">complexam</expan>, nimirum. </s> <s>quòd ille qui conuenit cęlum, ſit primus mo<lb></lb>tor. </s> <s>Et planè quanuis conceptio rei ſimplicis ſit primùm mentis officium, ea res eſt compoſita & <lb></lb>materiata, quæ confusè noteſcit. </s> <s>abhorrent ab eiuſmodi officio ſeparata, proptereaquòd eorum <lb></lb>notitia diſtincta eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> flagitat tertium munus quod eſt ratiocinari: hoc verò eſt ex effe<lb></lb>ctu, & poſteriorib. ex quo ſaltem ſyllogiſmo hypothetico inferimus: vt puta, Si eſt primus mo<lb></lb>tus, eſt item primus motor. </s> <s>Si primus motor; ergo & Deus. </s> <s>Cùm verò ſit ſuapte natura motus <lb></lb>facta reſolutione, tum per ſe ipſum ſe menti noſtræ præſentat, vt nil clarius offerri poſsit; atque <lb></lb>adeò vt in eius aſpectu hębeſcat & cęcutiat: quia verò idem ibi eſt eſſe & eſſe huius, vnà cum eſ<lb></lb>ſentia, item eſſe cognoſcitur. </s> <s>Quamobrem, cùm quęritur, an ſit Deus in methodo, quæritur an <lb></lb>ſit prima quædam cauſſa, ſeu <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> primum motus cum habitudine, vt ſæpe dictum eſt. </s> <s>Inde <lb></lb>interueniente mentis officio, ſubſtantia ipſa ſeparata ſimul cum eſſentia ſua percipitur. </s> <s>Ergo non <lb></lb>ita cognoſcitur eſſe; quia ſit extra <expan abbr="oém">omnem</expan> effectum, ſed per ſeipſam & abſolutè ea reſolutione præ<lb></lb>cedente quam paullò ante ſignificauimus. </s> <s>Quanuis autem in quæſtione ſit'ne res, cauſſa propo<lb></lb>natur ad <expan abbr="inquirendũ">inquirendum</expan> in methodo; patet quid ſibi velit eiuſmodi quæſtio. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa, ob quam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1820"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res eſt, ab eo differens, quod eſſe dicitur. </s> <s>eſt etiam quæſtio cauſſæ an ſit, quæ eſt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> cum eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>vt cùm quæritur de cauſſa ſimpliciter, ſit'ne (quanquam id de obſcuris quæritur, vt ſupra do<lb></lb>cuimus, cùm meminimus, quemadmodum hæc quæſtio pertineret ad naturam) vt, ſi quęramus <lb></lb>an ſit animus, eſt cauſſæ quæſtio; quia <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt animo eſſe & eſſe animum, qui ſub ratione cauſſæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan> & veſtigatur. </s> <s>Itaque cauſſę quæſtio generalior eſt, quàm vt accipitur ab interpre<lb></lb>tibus 2. Poſt. an ſit cauſſa, & vt terminus, an etiam illud ſit ſimpliciter, cui cauſſam eſſe contingit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex his ergò concluditur eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ſeparatam propter vim methodi quæ captui noſtro conſu<lb></lb>lit, non <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo cognoſci ac tribui tali ſubſtantiæ quo cęteris reb. materia conſtantib. tribui <lb></lb><expan abbr="cognoſciq́">cognoſcique</expan>. </s> <s>ſolet. </s> <s>Ita modum non eſſe credimus id quod eſt, aut eſſe, quod noſtra ætate nonnul<lb></lb>li cenſuerunt. </s> <s>Proinde ponamus in medio nunc, quám ne vocis propoſitæ notionem primam eſ<lb></lb>ſe opinemur, & explicemus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ad quod' nam caput <expan abbr="referendũ">referendum</expan> ſit eſſe, ſubſtantiam'ne, an <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>quod à veteribus philoſophis & ab iis qui nob. </s> <s>anteceſſerunt, longiſsimis diſputationibus confe<lb></lb>ctum eſt. </s> <s>Sed antè <expan abbr="nũnulla">nonnulla</expan> aſſumemus quæ nob. </s> <s>aditum ad hæc percipienda recludant. </s> <s>Primùm <lb></lb>verò <expan abbr="diſtinguendũ">diſtinguendum</expan> de ſignificatis huius vocis ens, vnde eſſe deriuatur. </s> <s>Ea ſic ab Ariſtotele diſtri<lb></lb>buta legimus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quantum ad rem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> ſpectat. </s> <s>Etenim entia & eſſe dicuntur, quæcunque ſigni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1821"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="276"></pb>ficant figurę dictionis (ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verto verba illa <foreign lang="grc">ὁσαπερ σημαίνει τὰ σχἡματα τῆς λέξεως</foreign>. </s> <s>cauſſam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1822"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>noſtri conſilij poſtmodò afferemus) hoc eſt, decem categoriæ dicuntur entia & eſſe. </s> <s>Tum ſe<lb></lb>cundò ens ſignificat id quod verum eſt, quando .ſ. </s> <s>iis quæ ſunt in mente, aliquid in rerum natura <lb></lb>reſpondet, ſiue id ſimplex ſit, ſiue in complexione ponatur. </s> <s>Poſtremò eſſe bifariam dicitur actu .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>& eſſe poſſe. </s> <s>Atque hæc ipſius entis & eſſe ſignificata perhibentur. </s> <s>Nunc cauſſa reddenda eſt <lb></lb>propterquam ſic conuertimus ea verba quæ ad primum ſignificatum pertinent. </s> <s>Etenim didici<lb></lb>mus, voceis eſſe doctrinæ inſtrumenta <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ignari in ipſam <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturam introducerentur: nam <lb></lb><expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> formas quoquo pacto ſignificant. </s> <s>Nunc ſiquis optimè <expan abbr="vocũ">vocum</expan> capita exploret, certiſsimè quo<lb></lb>que cognoſcet eſſe <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> rerum formulas <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> explicantur ea, quæ vocib. exprimi poſſunt, prout <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> decem ſunt modi <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> res ipſa natura fabricauit. </s> <s>vnde etiam ea quæ ſunt, hoc modo expo<lb></lb>ſuit Prędicamentis Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Idem quoque 5. Met. illa ſubiecit, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> interpretatio noſtra <lb></lb>confirmari poſsit. </s> <s>ſubdit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> “Quoties <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicuntur (figuræ dictionis) toties ipſum eſſe ſignificant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tum etiam mox.” Cùm ergo eorum quæ prædicantur (ſunt verò ea quæ vocibus exprimuntur) <lb></lb><expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ipſum quid eſt ſignificant & reliqua. </s> <s>horum cuique <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ipſum eſſe ſignificat. </s> <s>Ex quo effi<lb></lb>citur, vt ſubſtantia ſit ens, & quæ <expan abbr="ſeq.">ſeque</expan> quæ à figuris dictionis ſignificantur. </s> <s>Ergo tot modis eſſe <lb></lb>dicitur, quot ſunt prędicamenta. </s> <s>Hîc credo te animaduertere primum <expan abbr="ſignificatũ">ſignificatum</expan> eius quod eſt; <lb></lb>cùm per figuras dictionis, ac prædicamenta ſit <expan abbr="diſtributũ">diſtributum</expan>, nihil aliud offerre nob. </s> <s>quàm prædica<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1823"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menta ipſa, nec in aliam <expan abbr="quampiã">quampiam</expan> notionem <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> poſſe diſſolui. </s> <s>Nam quicquid aut voce <lb></lb>exprimitur, aut in <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> cadit, fieri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin idem fit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> è <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> prædicamentis; nec aliquid <lb></lb>ab ipſis aut re, aut mente ſeparari poteſt. </s> <s>Proinde nulla notio <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt omnib. <expan abbr="prædicamẽtis">prædicamentis</expan>; <lb></lb>ſed ordo ſolùm prædicamentorum <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> illo ſignificatur, quod eſſe generatim dicitur. </s> <s>Idcir<lb></lb>co ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ponitur ens, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vniuocum. </s> <s>Sed cùm hæc nos partim libro priore tractauerimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab aliis complurib. philoſophis accipi valeant; non eſt quae hoc loco plurib. exponantur. </s> <s>Satis <lb></lb>illud eſto, <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> eius quod eſt, reſolui in aliquid prius ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, nimirùm in decem ge<lb></lb>nera rerum, <expan abbr="decemq́">decemque</expan>. </s> <s>categorias. </s> <s>Quocirca ſimplicius quid natura à ſingulis <expan abbr="prędicamẽtis">prędicamentis</expan>, quàm <lb></lb>ab entis voce proponitur. </s> <s>Et ſiquo pacto ſimplicius & prius eſt, eſt ratione duntaxat, vt aliàs ad<lb></lb>monuimus. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò cùm eſſe ſit duplex, actu videlicet, & poteſtate: id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quod pote<lb></lb>ſtate eſt, neceſſariò referatur ad actum. </s> <s>ex eo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> habere dicitur, quia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe id quod eſt <lb></lb>actu. </s> <s>Igitur illud eſſe quod prædicamenta ipſa notant, eſt eſſe actu. </s> <s>eſſe verò actu eſt, vbi forma <lb></lb>adeſt materiæ. </s> <s>Cùm verò cęteris antecedat actu ſubſtantia; <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> ergo primùm repręſentat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc igitur eſſe eſt id quod nos concipimus in quæſtione ſit'ne res, & quod apud noſtros exiſten<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1824"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiæ nomine deſignatur, quo res ipſa in actu ſignificatur, ab ipſa re ſolummodò <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſeparatum; <lb></lb>cętera nihil addens ei de quo dicitur. </s> <s>Vnde quæſtio ſit'ne res in ſimplicib. ab Ariſtotele nume<lb></lb>ratur; ita ſe habens ad quid eſt, ſiue eſſentiam, vt quid natura poſterius; attamen notum nob. </s> <s>vt <lb></lb>ab hoc per caſum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> reliquorum notiones explicentur, generatim quidem <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> prædica<lb></lb>mentorum, quatenus actu exiſtunt, præcipuè verò ſubſtantiæ: quandò reliqua vel ſunt eius par<lb></lb>tes, vel proprietates, & conditiones, aut principia, ex <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> varietate mens noſtra fabricata eſt <expan abbr="cõ-munem">con<lb></lb>munem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> notionem ad vnum, cum qua nihil à cęteris ſeparatum reipſa <expan abbr="cõueniret">conueniret</expan>; ſed pro <lb></lb>ſingulis eius partib. <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> tamen ordine ſupponeret. </s> <s>Quamobrem, ſi rem probè aduertas, eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, quod primùm menti noſtræ, ſemper <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan>, ſiue in munere illo primo mentis occurrit, quod <lb></lb>eſt incohatum, <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> confuſum, non eſt <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> quoddam ſeparatum; ſed quod actu <lb></lb>exiſtit: id verò eſt, ipſamet ſubſtantia ſenſilis quæ conſtat ex materia ſenſili, cuius beneficio per <lb></lb><expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan> ſenſilia pellit ſenſus primùm, tum <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> ipſam <expan abbr="rudẽ">rudem</expan>, & quaſi abacum omni litura <expan abbr="pur-gatã">pur<lb></lb>gatam</expan>, ſiue ea communia ſint, ſeu propria, ſiue vt ſeorſum, ſiue vt in cumulo quodam, <foreign lang="grc">σωδρομὴν</foreign><lb></lb>Græci vocant, qui nonnunquam cum indiuiduo; interdum verò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſpecie, aut etiam genere con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1825"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uenire poſsit, & producere <expan abbr="quãdoque">quandoque</expan> <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> vniuerſalis cuiuſdam indefiniti, quod nos primò <lb></lb><expan abbr="cognitũ">cognitum</expan> eſſe, quandò alibi demonſtrauimus, nunc pro demonſtrato ſumimus, ea vi qua ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, quanuis <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, quia per ſe ſenſilis non eſt, per accidentia quæ proximè pulſant ſenſus, ipſa <lb></lb>ſenſilis efficitur, & qua per <expan abbr="ingenitã">ingenitam</expan> habitudinem & vinculum quo ipſi adſtringuntur, <expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan>, <lb></lb>referunt nob. </s> <s>ſubiectum, in quo exiſtunt, <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> prius, poſteà partem eius, vel principium, <lb></lb>atque id vel vt eiuſmodi, in quo ſimpliciter inſit, vel vt cauſſam, præcipuè verò propria, ac ſim<lb></lb>pliciter <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſolo interprete ſenſu, vt cauſſam verò interueniente mentis officio, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ illo co<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1826"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gnito, quae hoc primo poſito ponatur illud accidens, eo verò ſublato de medio tollatur, eam colligit <lb></lb>eſſe cauſſam. </s> <s>Quapropter vulgò probatum. </s> <s>Accidentia magnam <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> conferre ad inuenien<lb></lb>dum quid eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò illa contra nos ſunt quæ teſtabatur non ſemel Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Accidentia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1827"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſolui in <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> compoſitam. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi cauſſam inhærentiæ volebat intelligi, ſed deno<lb></lb>minationem ſpectabat. </s> <s>Nanque materia non dicitur alba, ſed homo: vel eſſe conſiderabat acci<lb></lb>dentis non principia ſingula: ſemper autem ipſi forma ſubſtantiæ ſupponitur quæ, cùm præ<lb></lb>ſens eſt, iam eſt compoſitum. </s> <s>Sed nimium fortaſſe diuerti in iis quę antehàc item artigimus. <pb pagenum="277"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1828"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Redeo igitur ad eſſe. </s> <s>Cùm hoc ſit compoſitum ipſum (idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt homo, & ens homo) ſicut <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> reſoluitur in duo genera <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan>, internum .ſ. </s> <s>quod materiam <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>comple<lb></lb>ctitur ex <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> coniunctione naſcitur; quas <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſſentiæ partes olim conſtituimus, & externum, <lb></lb>quia cauſſas habuit <expan abbr="antecedẽtes">antecedentes</expan>, <expan abbr="efficientẽ">efficientem</expan> & finem: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & hæc notio ipſius eſſe in <expan abbr="vtrũque">vtrunque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> genus reſolui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed hęc poſterius <expan abbr="cõcipiuntur">concipiuntur</expan> à nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> ipſius eſſe <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> <lb></lb>pariunt, veluti ſuprà longo ſermone demonſtrauimus. </s> <s>At verò cùm duplex ſit materia ſenſilis <lb></lb>& ſingularis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea quæ mente concipi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, hæc quidem eſſentiæ pars eſt: illa facit eſſe. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>tum verò actu ſubſtantia exiſtit, & tum eſt ſubſtantia, cùm forma ipſa materiam ſenſilem ſibi aſ<lb></lb>ſumpſit. </s> <s>Quocirca quemadmodum materia ſenſilis formę ſubſternitur, & aliquid accedit formę <lb></lb>ex <expan abbr="cõiunctione">coniunctione</expan> materiæ, ſic eſſe eſt aliquid, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ſuperuenit formæ & eſſentiæ. </s> <s>Verùm, quia coniun<lb></lb>ctio formę, & materiæ ſenſilis, ſeu potius hæc <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan> ſunt ipſum <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic eſſe in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1829"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt ipſum <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco eſſe in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> non eſt vt adueniens ipſi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt àccidens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt <lb></lb>modus. </s> <s>Et ſicut eſſe actu (rem nunc accipio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, vt ſignificaui tibi aliàs <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & poteſtatem <lb></lb>ſumi à philoſophis) nullius eſt modus, ſed eſt ipſummet <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt actu, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eſſe eſt id quod eſt, ſo<lb></lb>la <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="diſiunctũ">diſiunctum</expan>, veluti diximus de notione <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> ad vnum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſentia ſeparatur ab eſ<lb></lb>ſe, cùm eſſe ſit ea poſterius: nec eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> cuiuſquam eſt, vt optimè <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt 2. Poſt. quia cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1830"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſas habet, quæ complent <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> & quid eſt. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc fortaſſe dices. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id quod eſt eſſe actu, <lb></lb>primam eſſe <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> eius quod eſt. </s> <s>Videtur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> antecedere id quod eſt eſſe ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Nam ſequi<lb></lb>tur hoc. </s> <s>Eſt in actu. </s> <s>ergo eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> valet contrà. </s> <s>Eſt. </s> <s>ergo in actu, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>Tum quęro, quę <lb></lb>ſit huius dicti notio; aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alia notio ab eius notione quod eſt eſſe in actu, aut eadem cum illa. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si dixeris aliam: efficietur ergo aliquam <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> eius quod eſt, eſſe multò priorem, quàm ea ſit <lb></lb>quæ eſt eſſe in actu, ſi fatearis eundem, quòd idem ſit eſſe àc eſſe actu: valebit igitur, eſt: ergo in <lb></lb>actu. </s> <s>Satis hîc eſſet, ſi diceremus, illa eſſe ad vnum <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> prima parte ſublata cęteræ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tolle<lb></lb>rentur. </s> <s>Nam, ſi non eſt actus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item poteſtas, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ipſum ens aut eſſe, & quòd illud eſſe <lb></lb>in quod reſolutio fit, vniuersè acceptum ſit, & tunc aliquid <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſanè diuerſum ſignificet, & ra<lb></lb>tione prius, ſed reipſa artè poſterius, verùm illa addere volumus, etiam quòd eſſe actu & eſſe ſim<lb></lb>pliciter ita ſe habent, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſint; nanque hoc eſt eſſe, quod <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mouit <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> noſtram. </s> <s>Quare <lb></lb>nihil in ea reſolutione notatur, quod alienum ſit ab eo quod eſt eſſe actu, & ita nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="cognitũ">cognitum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò quanuis ens actu reſoluatur ineſſe quod ſit ab illo diuerſum; non tamen ſequitur, vt eius <lb></lb>notio ſit prior, quàm eius quod eſt actu. </s> <s>Prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> noſſe oportuit alia quæ actu non ſunt, quæ ta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1831"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>men ſine actu non cognoſcuntur, & inter ea ponere conuenientiam, mox inferre ſimpliciter. </s> <s>eſt <lb></lb>actu. </s> <s>ergo eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> negatur id conſequi, quod in prima parte dilemmatis opponebatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1816"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1817"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1818"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1819"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1820"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1821"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1822"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1823"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1824"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1825"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1826"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1827"></margin.target>b 9 Met. <lb></lb>Cc. 4. & 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1828"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1829"></margin.target>a 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1830"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1831"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinatur, quemadmodum eſſe ab eſſentia ſeparetur, & aliorum ſententiis confutatis nostra <lb></lb>pronunciatur. </s> <s>Caput XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM viderimus eſſe id prima fronte ſignificare, quod eſt eſſe actu; id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> docuerimus vnà <lb></lb>ſignificare cum forma & quiditate materiam <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan>: nob. </s> <s>aditus fortaſſe patebit ad <expan abbr="ſolutio-nẽ">ſolutio<lb></lb>nem</expan> celebris illius quęſtionis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> eſſe differat ab eſſentia, de qua, tametſi multa in diuer<lb></lb>ſas parteis à philoſophis ac theologis potiſsimè <expan abbr="dicũtur">dicuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt operam perdere credatur phi<lb></lb>loſophus naturalis, qui manus inſerat in hanc, quaſi alienam meſſem. </s> <s>Nos tamen, vt noſtra con<lb></lb>ſentiant, <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan> in medio afferre decreuimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> D. Thomas <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan> eſſe hoc, quod <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> <lb></lb>tribuimus, re differre ab <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> in omnib. iis quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> infra <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>, ac ſolùm in ipſo Deo <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> prorſus <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> dicimus eſſe hoc, & eſſe huius. </s> <s>Etenim citra <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> vniuerſa per id <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quod eſt, obtinuiſ<lb></lb>ſe quae ſint. </s> <s>quare eſſe <expan abbr="tẽporariũ">temporarium</expan> eſt, & ſingulare, <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> vniuerſalis & æterna. </s> <s>Ergo aduenit eſſe hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1832"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſi eſſentiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> igitur <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe & eſſentia, ſed eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> quędam. </s> <s>Cùm verò <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> re<lb></lb>quirat <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>; ita ſe habet <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> ad <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> eſſe illo auctore, vt eſſentia <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> ſubeat pote<lb></lb>ſtatis; eſſe verò fit actus. </s> <s>Ideò ſic deſcriptum eſt eſſe à D. Thoma, <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> <expan abbr="cõplementum">complementum</expan>, & vltima <lb></lb>actualitas ab agente primo reb. impreſſa. </s> <s>Eam verò eſſe rei <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan>, non <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> ita perſuadebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tum quae Ariſtoteles ſępè docuerit <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ab eo quod eſt ſeparari, & indeterminatè ſe habere ad<lb></lb>eſſe, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae aliqua <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> poteſt eſſe. </s> <s>Ergo eſſentia differt ab eſſe: ſi minus idem eſ<lb></lb>ſet in potentia ad ſeipſum. </s> <s>Prętereà ſi <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> forent eſſe & eſſentia, proinde ſicut <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> eſt illimita<lb></lb>ta, & infinita; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſſe foret <expan abbr="illimitatũ">illimitatum</expan>, & infinitum. </s> <s>quod certè falſiſsimum eſt. </s> <s>Huc accedit, <expan abbr="quaeeſsẽtia">quae <lb></lb>eſsentia</expan> caret cauſſa efficiente, eſſe non item. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> locus <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>. </s> <s>Quorum cauſſæ non ſunt <expan abbr="ea-dẽ">ea<lb></lb>dem</expan>; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eadem effecta. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> re differunt eſſe & eſſentia. </s> <s>Totidem ferè ſunt quæ ex decretis D. <lb></lb>Thomę repetita ab huius <expan abbr="ſentẽtiæ">ſententiæ</expan> patronis afferuntur. </s> <s>Quæ ſanè non <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> congruentia cum <lb></lb><expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> dictis arbitror. </s> <s>Nam quae nihil præter <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> <expan abbr="impiũ">impium</expan>; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>ptinaciſsimè <expan abbr="defensũ">defensum</expan> fuiſſe nouimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> negare, <expan abbr="poſſum9">poſſumus</expan> Peripateticè, <expan abbr="q̨n">quin</expan> in reb. materia liberis <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit poſſe & eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> operari: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dare quae in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> ſit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtituat">conſtituat</expan> <expan abbr="ĩtrinſec9">intrinſecus</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed ea <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="formalẽ">formalem</expan> <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> extrinſecus <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan>, & fit, vbi ex <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> actu, & <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> fit vnum. <pb pagenum="278"></pb>Neque item probare poſſumus <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſe habere vt <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ad eſſe, qui legamus non rarò apud <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1833"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> ad eſſe fundari, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſentia, ſed materia: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola eſt poteſtate ſubſtantia, & <lb></lb>efficientis ope ad actu <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> traducitur. </s> <s>&, cùm ſit res imperfecta, accipiens formam quæ eſt <lb></lb>ſuaipſius & propria perfectio, fit actu ſubſtantia, & actu eſt, & eſt terminus generationis, ſi non <lb></lb>primus & abſolutus, at <expan abbr="ſecũdus">ſecundus</expan> & ex alio pendens. </s> <s>Quamobrem hîc ego <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiiciã">ſubiiciam</expan> id quod <lb></lb>obiicit Parmenidi & Meliſſo Ariſtoteles, cùm parum firma reputetur apud Peripateticos hæc po<lb></lb>ſitio, non poſſe, niſi infirmis & lubricis niti fundamentis. </s> <s>Adde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quia nulla ratio ſuccurrit qua <lb></lb>ſe expedire poſsit ex his obiectionibus. </s> <s>Etenim hæc exiſtentia, cùm ſit <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> res, aut eſt ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, aut accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hæc diuiſio <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>: nihil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ex his. </s> <s>triplex <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> <lb></lb>genus eſt, materia .ſ. </s> <s>forma, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> nullum eſt exiſtentia. </s> <s>Neque item accidens, eo <lb></lb>quòd nullum ſubuenit prædicamentum quò referri queat. </s> <s>Tum prætereà, quia ponitur in eſſen<lb></lb>tia poteſtas: at poteſtas in perfectius <expan abbr="contẽdit">contendit</expan>: non igitur in accidens. </s> <s>Si actum dixeris eſſe. </s> <s>ne<lb></lb>que primus eſt hic, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> non eſt forma, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundus, quia ſecundus aut eſt forma ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>aut aliquo modo, hoc eſt, operans, vt poſteà videbimus. </s> <s>Quinetiam <expan abbr="ruinã">ruinam</expan> ſibi moliuntur. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>dum accipiunt <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> eſſe potentiam, aduerſantur Ariſtotelicę partitioni qui poteſtatem mate<lb></lb>riæ tribuit, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> formæ, cui ſolet addici eſſentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem Ariſtoteles 2. de Anima. </s> <s>Illud <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> notandum, quòd ſibi quaſi ſuo iure ſumunt ex eſſentia & eſſe fieri compoſitionem, vbi ſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1834"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mul etiam dant è duob. </s> <s>in actu fieri poſſe vnum per ſe. </s> <s>eſſentia <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus eſt, quin potius maximè <lb></lb>actus, cui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> principio <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> tribuunt huius ſententiæ defenſores. </s> <s>Atque hęc quidem contra <lb></lb>D. <expan abbr="Thomã">Thomam</expan> diſſeruntur. </s> <s>Ex quibus item contraria ſententia confirmari videbitur. </s> <s>Sed ſiquis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>pro hac parte <expan abbr="firmamentũ">firmamentum</expan> deſideret, illud ſatis <expan abbr="idoneũ">idoneum</expan> ac firmum eſſe cenſebitur quod à genera<lb></lb>tione ſumptum eſt. </s> <s>Nimirùm, ſi exiſtentia re differret ab eſſentia, duo forent termini per ſe pri<lb></lb>mi generationis ipſius. </s> <s>Id verò fieri nequit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vnitas numeralis cuiuſlibet motus pendet ex <lb></lb>vnitate numerali termini ad quem. </s> <s>Coniunctum probatur. </s> <s>ſiquidem terminus generationis ſit <lb></lb>forma, ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> terminus generationis ipſum eſſe, vt patet ex definitione generationis; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> muta<lb></lb>tio ex non ente in ens. </s> <s>Si ergo hæc re differunt, duo ſunt termini generationis re diſtincti, vt ac<lb></lb>cepimus. </s> <s>Dabit <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> duos eſſe terminos, <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>ac ſecundum. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="quęrã">quęram</expan> ego, quis ex ipſis <lb></lb>primus ſit, formáne an eſſe. </s> <s>Non ſanè <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> eſſe; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> eſt effectus formalis ipſius formæ: ergo <lb></lb>poſterius formę. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> res per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſſe dicitur res, niſi cùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> conſecuta fuerit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1835"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam forma, quia, cùm forma ſeparetur ab eſſe, poſſet <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> abſoluta eſſe generatio, tametſi non <lb></lb>ſuccederet eſſe: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> minus quàm <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> calefactio <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> habeat <expan abbr="adnexã">adnexam</expan> <expan abbr="rarefactionẽ">rarefactionem</expan>, atque inducta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1836"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>caliditate, raritas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet inducta; nihilominus foret abſoluta calefactio. </s> <s>Sic aliquid eſſet <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="nondũ">nondum</expan> eſſet. </s> <s>Proptereà contrà nonnulli opinati <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, eſſe ab eſſentia reipſa non differre, ſed <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ſola <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diſcrepare. </s> <s>Veruntamen, vt liberè dicam <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ego ſentio, videtur <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="ſen-tẽtia">ſen<lb></lb>tentia</expan> nonnihil ambigui pręſeferre, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id puto propter <expan abbr="ambiguitatẽ">ambiguitatem</expan> diſtinctionis illius, quod <expan abbr="in-quiũt">in<lb></lb>quiunt</expan> re & ratione diſtare. </s> <s>Nam re differre, vt aliàs adnotauimus, eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſubiecto, eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> diſcrepare; hoc eſt, aliam habere <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ab eo cum quo, aut in quo eſt: ſic re differt albe<lb></lb>do niuis ab albedine cygni, & numerus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à reipſa numerata. </s> <s>ibi quidem, quia diuerſa ſubiecta; <lb></lb>hîc quòd eſſentia & ratio diuerſa. </s> <s>Ratione <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia vel eſſentia & notio alia, vt fundamenti, & <lb></lb>habitudinis, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd mens ipſa ſeparet, quę reapſe <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan> ſunt, vt <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan> ab homine albo; <lb></lb>vbi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> nihil eſt abſurdi, ſi id quod ita ſeparatur, <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> prius exiſtit, natura verò poſterius. </s> <s>Quo<lb></lb>circa, ſiquis id negare audebit, cum <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> differre dixerit eſſe ab <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, quia non fit alia notio <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <lb></lb>quod eſt eſſe & <expan abbr="eſsẽtiæ">eſsentiæ</expan>, nec rei quicquam vltra <expan abbr="eſsẽtiam">eſsentiam</expan> accedere, & multò magis vltra formam; <lb></lb>is ab Ariſtotele planè diſcedere exiſtimabitur. </s> <s>eſſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ipſius <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> primò in rebus materiatis <lb></lb>(<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in cęteris <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt eſſe & eſſentia, quae ſola ipſorum forma extat, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>omnibus numeris & par<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1837"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tibus abſoluta) vnde ſine materia ſenſili <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> datur, ſiue ea ſit prima cauſſa, cur ſit compoſitum, & <lb></lb>ſingulare, ſiue ſecunda & aliqua forma, aut natura indiuidua, nihil refert; illud ſatis eſt, ſi nobis <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõcedatur">concedatur</expan> materiam <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan> neceſſariò ſupponi in conſtitutione <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> & ſingularis, & eius eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quæ conſtituat. </s> <s>Siue ergo materia ſenſilis, quia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> hoc eſſe, fiat hoc acceſsione formæ, ſeu <lb></lb>forma quæ eſt in <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>, vel ſuapte natura ſingularis, vel <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> & vniuerſalis, vt arbitror, aſ<lb></lb>ſumat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan>; aliquid extrinſecùs <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> accedat oportet, vel materiæ, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> accipit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>vel formæ, dum ſibi materiam ſumit, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ipſum eſſe conſequatur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illos audio qui <lb></lb>nihil accedere putant in generatione, cùm <expan abbr="credãt">credant</expan> agens nihil exhibere & præſtare, niſi ſolam <expan abbr="per-fectionẽ">per<lb></lb>fectionem</expan>, quia .ſ. </s> <s>promoueat ſolùm id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt poteſtate ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>: dat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quam habet in ſeipſo <lb></lb>formaliter, materię quę <expan abbr="ſolũmodò">ſolummodò</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> habere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> alio pacto credo, <expan abbr="propoſitionẽ">propoſitionem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Agens nihil exhibere, niſi <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>; niſi, quatenus dat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quę, vt aliàs accepiſti, <expan abbr="p̃fectio">perfectio</expan> <lb></lb>reputatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita deſcribitur. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="p̨tinet">pertinet</expan> ad eſſe, quia .ſ. </s> <s>exhibita forma nihil aliud faciat: <expan abbr="qñ">quando</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ex <expan abbr="p̃ſentia">praeſentia</expan> formę <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> materia <expan abbr="ſtatĩ">ſtatim</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequit̃">conſequitur</expan>, vt ſit <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aliud ſit materia <expan abbr="sẽſilis">senſilis</expan> <lb></lb>à forma & <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>; prętereà <expan abbr="ſeparẽtur">ſeparentur</expan> hæc à materia <expan abbr="sẽſili">senſili</expan>, aliud <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt eſſe <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> ab eſſentia. <pb pagenum="279"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1838"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quia verò poſſes obiicere ſeparationem formę, ſeu eſſentiæ à materia ſenſili <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe, niſi rationis <lb></lb>opus, quia tum forma, tum eſſentia ſemper in materia ſenſili conſiſtant; audi nunc quæ me mo<lb></lb>ueant ad credendum hęc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reipſa ſeparari. </s> <s>Primùm quidem eſſentia ponitur in forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>materia, & ea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quæ ſolùm mente comprehendi poſsit: ſed cum forma, tum materia quæ <lb></lb>in mentem cadit, quanuis ſint in materia ſenſili, nec <expan abbr="vſq̃">vſquae</expan> extent ab ea ſecreta; at ſuapte natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>magis hac quàm illa materia ſenſili terminantur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed generatim <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> conditiones offeren<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1839"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, eas accipient, modò ſecum congruant & tolerari poſsint. </s> <s>eius res ſignum, quae idem agens per <lb></lb>eandem formam complures effectus conſimiles gignere poteſt. </s> <s>Ergo etiam natura ſeparantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prętereà docens Ariſtoteles, vt compoſitum ex duob. </s> <s>primordiis conflatum ſit, inquit, rationem <lb></lb>compoſiti in componentium rationes diſſolui. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ergo rationes principiorum natura priores. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1840"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita dices diſſolui rationem compoſiti, in rationem eius quod eſt; ſed contrà rationem eius quod <lb></lb>eſt, in rationem prædicamentorum. </s> <s>Idcirco nos monebat Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quorum rationes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1841"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſepararẽtur">ſepararentur</expan>, <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> eſſe naturam, quorundam ſanè quorum ſubſtantia prior eſſet, ea verò ſunt, <lb></lb>quorum ſubſtantia eſſe excellit, aliorum verò minimè, quorum .ſ. </s> <s>ſubſtantia ſine illo non conſi<lb></lb>ſteret. </s> <s>Sed ea natura ſine his determinatis eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nec habet eſſe, quòd ſit in alio. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>non ratione ſola, ſed etiam natura ſecernuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſpectatur quòd actu nunquam ſeparentur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1842"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed quòd illorum eſſe non ſit in alio poſitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etiam ſubſtantia nuſquàm extat ſine acci<lb></lb>dente, nihilo ſecius eſſe ſubſtantiæ diuerſum eſt ab eſſe accidentis, & eo quoque natura prius. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Ideòq́">Ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>ſicut accidens & ſubſtantia re diſiunguntur, quanuis actu non ſeparentur, ſic quoque de <lb></lb>forma & eſſentia <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt, ſi cum compoſito & materia ſenſili conferantur. </s> <s>Atqui dices, eſſe <lb></lb>nihil addit, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tranſcendens, & ad vnum. </s> <s>Vide obſecro quantum decipiaris, & impliceris fal<lb></lb>lacia ſecundùm figuram dictionis. </s> <s>Non'ne eſt eſſe accidentis? </s> <s>non'ne ſubſtantiæ? </s> <s>Nunquid fate<lb></lb>beris eſſe acciddentis nihil addere alteri eſſe? </s> <s>nunquam te ita ineptum credam: illud & verò fa<lb></lb>beris eſſe accidentis nihil addere accidenti, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſſe dicitur & de <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> & de eſſentia: <lb></lb>non eſt idem eſſe vtriuſque. </s> <s>Si igitur eſſe quod dicitur de compoſito, cum compoſito confera<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> nihil addet. </s> <s>ſed ſi eſſe, quod de <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> prædicatur, cùm eſſe eſſentiæ & formæ compa<lb></lb>retur; dicam & conſtantiſsimè <expan abbr="defendã">defendam</expan> eſſe illud & ipſi eſſentiæ aliquid addere, & poſterius na<lb></lb>tura, & re, ideſt, eſſentia diſcrepans, non ſecus àc diſcrepet eſſentia cauſſæ ab ipſo effecto, ſiquan<lb></lb>do ſeorſum <expan abbr="cõſideretur">conſideretur</expan>, tametſi non exiſtit extra <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>, vt lignum, ſiquis aduertat, ex quo <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="ſcamnũ">ſcamnum</expan>; interit in ſcamno vt pars, & quia prius extitit <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan>, quàm ex eo fieret <expan abbr="ſcamnũ">ſcamnum</expan>, reipſa <lb></lb>ſcamnum à ligno ſegregabit, cùm poſteà fabricatum fuerit <expan abbr="ſcamnũ">ſcamnum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eius forma ab artifice ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1843"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>parata, & in materia poſita, & ipſum à <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> ſola ratione differre profitebitur, eo <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> modo <lb></lb>quo poſterius à priore, & id quod eſt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, à ſuis partibus ſeparari didiciſti: ac ſi ita re differre <lb></lb>acciperent D. Thomæ ſectatores, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nominum <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> perturbarent, eos approbarem, ſi ſe<lb></lb>cus, non poſſem non diſſentire. </s> <s>Nec aliud quicquam rationes eorum conuincunt. </s> <s>Neque hanc <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> demoliuntur ea quæ <expan abbr="opponũt">opponunt</expan> aduerſarij. </s> <s>ſiquidem vbi dicitur, duos fore terminos ge<lb></lb>nerationis, id inficiemur. </s> <s>Nam terminus eſt eſſe, quod eſt eſſe actu. </s> <s>Cùm verò opponunt, formam <lb></lb>eſſe eiuſmodi <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan>, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>cùm forma ſeparetur ab eſſe, poterit eſſe quidem generatio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>tamen erit res. </s> <s>Specta, amabo te, hîc quàm parùm ſibi conſtet ille qui ita opponit. </s> <s>Etenim de eſ<lb></lb>ſentia <expan abbr="diſſerit̃">diſſeritur</expan> ipſe verò accipit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ eſt pars eſſentiæ, <expan abbr="differẽs">differens</expan> ab <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, veluti pars à toto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed hoc miſſo animaduerte quæſo quo vitio laboret hoc argumentum: nam fallit recipiens <lb></lb>ſimpliciter id quod verum eſt cum aliqua <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminus eſt forma, non per ſe nuda, <lb></lb>ſed vt eſt in materia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſenſili. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ceſſat illa dubitatio. </s> <s>Tametſi forma eſt ip<lb></lb>ſum quid eſt, forma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> gignitur, quid eſt verò eſt æternum: quandò forma generatur propter <lb></lb>materiam ſenſilem, dum .ſ. </s> <s>ab agente collocatur in materia apparata: in hac <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prima ineſt origo <lb></lb>tranſmutationis ſubſtantiæ, quid eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, ab hoc materiæ genere ſegregatur. </s> <s>Forma verò in mate<lb></lb>ria nil eſt aliud àc <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, & eſſe compoſiti proprium, vt quanuis eſſe formæ & eſſe materiæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1844"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeorſum ſit <expan abbr="vniuſcuiuſq.">vniuſcuiuſque</expan> proprium, & ſuo <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> proprio & peculiari modo, & eſſe formæ ſit <lb></lb>perfectio, materia verò ſenſilis <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>, atque poteſtas: at forma in materia ſenſili, tum illud <lb></lb>in actu ſunt, quod eſt compoſitum propter <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> naturæ virtutem, vt ſuo loco declarabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Firmum ſanè foret <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>. </s> <s>ſi forma per ſe poneretur finis generationis: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminus al<lb></lb>ter eſſet, & à compoſito ſeparatus. </s> <s>Et illa quæſtio vana, ſit'ne accidens, an ſubſtantia: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> id quod ipſi ſupponitur reipſa, mente verò <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> quoddam ad vnum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> il<lb></lb>lud natura poſterius, idcirco reipſa <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe compoſitum. </s> <s>veruntamen ita ſe habeat ad <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, <lb></lb>atqui ſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eſſentia, & quiditate conferatur, eſt <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> poſterius & origine & perfectione: ſiqui<lb></lb>dem ex illa exiſtat, & ſimiliter ex illius boni participatione <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> pręſtantiam conſequatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>ita ſe habere ad eſſentiam immutat prędicamentum eius cui tribuitur, eſſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totidem modis eſt, <lb></lb>quot ſunt figurę dictionis: nec quicquam vetat prius & poſterius eſſe, cauſſaúe & effectum, <lb></lb>quo minus omnia ſint ex <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> prędicamento, & vniuoca nonnunquàm, quo magis naturę ſimi <pb pagenum="280"></pb>litudine adſtringuntur. </s> <s>Quanquam & id verè prædicamentum conſtituit, quod eſt actu & ens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1845"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſile, eius <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> eſſentia & materia, poteſtas & actus. </s> <s>Eſſe igitur à compoſito ſola ratione <lb></lb>diſiungitur; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud eſt eſſe actu quod tum contingit, cùm forma ab agente imprimitur mate<lb></lb>riæ ſenſili; quapropter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> forma dicitur actus primus; quo dirigitur illa ſpecies poteſtatis quæ <lb></lb>vocatur eſſentialis, quia .ſ. </s> <s>reſpiciat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ eſt potiſsima pars eſſentiæ, & vnde eſt ipſum com<lb></lb>poſitum. </s> <s>Nam forma per ſe actus eſt, & ſine hac actus <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> nullus; vt etiam præuiæ illæ affectio<lb></lb>nes, licèt formæ futuræ miniſtrent, cum actu tamen antecedente conſiſtant, ſiue efficiente, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſubiecto innitantur. </s> <s>Etenim tum primùm res eſt, vbi forma cum materia copulatur, vnde mate<lb></lb>ria quæ poteſtate fuerat, illud aſſequitur, vt actu exiſtat, & acceſsione formæ fiat compoſitum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1832"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1833"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1834"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1835"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1836"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1837"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1838"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1839"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1840"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1841"></margin.target>c 13. Met. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1842"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1843"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1844"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1845"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquæ tolluntur ad ea pertinentes quę de eſſe & eſſentia dicta ſunt, & aliæ proponuntur <lb></lb>ad actus vtriuſque naturam ſpectantes. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO Theophilus quem ſemper honoris cauſſa nomino, contra hæc <lb></lb>in ſuis commentariis de Anima diſputabat, inquiens nullo modo fieri poſſe, vt eſſe addita<lb></lb>mentum foret eſſentiæ, <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> præter ens, quod in <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> prædicamenta ſecatur, & ens ve<lb></lb>rum, & vt puto, reale ad eius <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> quod rationis appellant, quia ſit opus mentis humanæ; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1846"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>numerandum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſſet tertium ens ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="ſuperadditũ">ſuperadditum</expan>, quod tamen nuſquàm factitatum <lb></lb>fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõperimus">comperimus</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ab Ariſtotele ſolùm; ſed ab iis omnib. qui diſtributioni Ariſtotelicæ acquie<lb></lb>ſcere noluerunt. </s> <s>Tum deinde ſi eſſe eſſentiæ ſuperinduceretur; de eo <expan abbr="quærendũ">quærendum</expan> foret, cuius be<lb></lb>neficio ſit: nam ſi per ſe; ergo non per eſſe additum: ſi per aliud; etiam de hoc ipſo quæretur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita quæſtio perduci poterit in infinitum. </s> <s>Reſpondemus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad primum, in <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> prædicamen<lb></lb>ta diſtribui tale genus entis, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> addit eſſentiæ <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan>, & hoc eſſe verè <expan abbr="proprięq́">proprięque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>cuius alia principia ſint quæ ſint, vt fertur, analogicè ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> eſſe lapſus in eo, quae hoc <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ ſuperaddatur; cùm ſuperaddatur eſſentiæ, & ipſum propriè ſit ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Ad ſecun<lb></lb>dùm verò diſtinguimus illam vocem per ſe: quandò inter alia ſignificata hoc habet, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae actu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1847"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continet intra ſe principia ex quibus exiſtit. </s> <s>ſic homo per ſe eſt, & animal rationis compos, cui <lb></lb>non repugnat eſſe per aliud; quippe per cauſſam quæ tamen non ſit extra ipſum. </s> <s>Dicimus igi<lb></lb>tur hoc eſſe ita exiſtere per ſe & per aliud; nempe per eſſentiam & materiam ſenſilem, vt cauſſas, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> principia, ſed hæc omnia intra ſe habere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ideò neceſſe eſt, vt ſi per aliud ſit illi non con<lb></lb>ueniat eſſe per ſe; aut quòd reſoluatur in alia quæ habeant eſſe: Verùm ſat eſt, ſi ea in quæ reſol<lb></lb>uitur; habeant eſſe per ſe quidem, ſed aptum ſibi & conueniens, quod eſt eſſe principij, vnde exi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1848"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtit illud eſſe quod eſſentiæ ſuperinduci defendimus. </s> <s>Eodem modo reſponderemus ei qui item <lb></lb>de compoſito quæreret, ſit'ne per ſe, an per aliud: & quæſtionem deduceret in infinitum: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe & per aliud, quod tamen habet eſſe, non exiſtentiæ quod quærimus, ſed eſſentiæ, & id ſuffi<lb></lb>cit. </s> <s>Id cùm ſit in materia, eſt planè ſingulare; <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>ſingulare verè eſt. </s> <s>ab hoc <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan> abſtrahit <expan abbr="ſpe-ciẽ">ſpe<lb></lb>ciem</expan> vniuerſalem quæ primum eſt mentis <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan>, cuius .ſ. </s> <s>principia <expan abbr="cauſſęq́">cauſſęque</expan>. </s> <s>veſtigentur, & de qua <lb></lb>demonſtrentur affectiones. </s> <s>Ex eo verò quòd eſſe ſic ratione ſeparatur à reb. de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> dicitur; <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſequitur (vt hoc veluti corollarium addamus) vt prędicari poſsit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item, vt medium intereſ<lb></lb>ſe & id, de quo prędicatur, intercedat, eſſentia nimirùm & cauſſa. </s> <s><expan abbr="Indeq́">Indeque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam naſcitur, vt, cùm <lb></lb>reipſa non diſcrepet ab eo de quo dicitur, remaneat nihilominus quæſtio ſimplex. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquan<lb></lb>do Alexander, aut alius quiſquam retulit quæſtionem, ſit'ne res ad accidens; meminerit multi<lb></lb>plex eſſe ſignificatum eius vocis; id .ſ. </s> <s>quod citra ſubiecti interitum abeſſe contingit, & id <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <lb></lb>quod accedit ei quod eſt actu; dicitur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> accidens <foreign lang="grc">ἐνδεχόμενον</foreign> & contingens, vt homini ambu<lb></lb>lare. </s> <s>Dicitur & tertiò id quod non <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan> in notione formali rei <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan>, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum non accipitur <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> poſterius in notione prioris, ſic animali accidit homo vltimò ac<lb></lb>cidens illud appellari ſolet quod ſine vlla limitatione prędicatur, velut apud dialecticos in Top. <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1849"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& hoc modo quæſtio, an ſit res, eſt quęſtio accidentis, quaſi accidere valeat idem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inhęrere: <lb></lb>admodum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> patet ea vox <foreign lang="grc">συμβαίνειν</foreign>, vt etiam ad ea tranſumatur quæ neceſſariò <expan abbr="conſequũtur">conſequuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed de his hactenus. </s> <s>Redeo nunc in viam. </s> <s>Nam multa certè ſunt ea quæ de actus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> natura <lb></lb>dicenda ſuccurrunt. </s> <s>Primùm quidem <expan abbr="q̃tũ">quantum</expan> ad <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> ordinem ſpectat; tantum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abeſt, vt actus ille <lb></lb>quem ſecundum vocamus, ab actu primo proficiſcatur, & ex ipſo habitu pullulet, vt ſi habitum <lb></lb>contrahere velimus; anteà cogamur agere, & prout benè malèúe egerimus; inde bonus maluſúe <lb></lb>habitus oriatur. </s> <s>Hinc cytharam pulſando cytharœdi efficimur, & benè pulſando boni; mali <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>malè, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex hoc deducta <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> illa propoſitio è frequentatis actib. habitum comparari, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>nomine expreſſus eſt, quod <expan abbr="firmitatẽ">firmitatem</expan> ſignificaret quæ ex antecedente actione naſceretur. </s> <s>Habere <lb></lb>.n. poſsidere eſt, & vti poſſe, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſummis digitis attingere, vel ſuperficie tenus infectum eſſe, & ex <lb></lb>habitu talem reddi, vt facilè munus ſuum ipſius proprium exercere, & tueri valeat: ac ſicut in ha<lb></lb>bituum <expan abbr="moraliũ">moralium</expan> comparatione monebat Philoſophus; <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> abeſt, vt ille qui iam ſibi <expan abbr="cõtraxerit">contraxerit</expan> <pb pagenum="281"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1850"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habitum; ſuo munere fungendo fatigetur, vt potius inde <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> voluptatem capiat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò <lb></lb>militi fortiſsimo graue, aſperumúe videtur durum <expan abbr="bellũ">bellum</expan> gerere, & pericula grauiſsima ſubire. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eodem modo de habitu qui ab eo quod actu exiſtit per <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> materię imprimitur, iudicare de<lb></lb>bemus. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura delaſſatur, dum ex habitu <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> agit, vt etiam moueret in infinitum, <lb></lb>niſi materia quæ ſuopte impulſu nititur in contrarium, proceſſu <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> obſtaret. </s> <s>Quamobrem, <lb></lb>ſi materia non ſit eiuſmodi, vt à contrariis affligatur (talem in cęlo Peripatetici eſſe putant) nul<lb></lb>la ſit ſuſpicio defatigationis; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>motus in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> duci <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="idemq́ue">idemque</expan> facerent <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, ſi per <lb></lb>infinitum interuallum à proprio loco diſtarent, modò permanere poſſent, & niſi cauſſa corrum<lb></lb>pens, materia .ſ. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan> intercederet, in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> loco ſine vllo labore perpetuò <expan abbr="conquieſcerẽt">conquieſcerent</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non defuere qui dicerent ignim in propria ſphæra conſeruari ſempiternum, quos ta<lb></lb>men increpat Ariſtoteles oſtendens ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſam adeſſe interitus, materiam .ſ. </s> <s>& contraria. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Habitus hic latè patet, vt omne .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="prędicamentũ">prędicamentum</expan> amplectatur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita pertinere videatur ad <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1851"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genus formæ, ſiue <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> compleat, ſiue afferat accidens: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> omnes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per gradus quoſdam acce<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1852"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dunt materiæ, & <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> quendam, ſi perfici debeant, in materia requirunt. </s> <s>Tum deinde actus iſte <lb></lb>ſecundus ſit'ne accidens, an ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Nam quanuis <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> tranſierit in rem iudicatam <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1853"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum eſſe accidens; nos tamen conſideratos facere debebat iudicium Ariſtotelis qui actum ſecun<lb></lb>dum ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> referre videbatur. </s> <s>eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt verba <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diuidentis <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> in actum, poteſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1854"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽ">tem</expan> & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>rurſus <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> in primum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſecundum. </s> <s>Nam ſic fateri cogimur ex analyticis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim partes vnius generis continentur ab eiſdem quæ in quid eſt de genere prædicantur. </s> <s>Con<lb></lb>trà verò videatur actus ſecundus eſſe accidens, eius inſpecta definitione: ſiquidem accidentis na<lb></lb>tura illiuſmodi ſit, vt poſsit adeſſe & abeſſe citra ſubiecti interitum: at manet homo, manet geo<lb></lb>metra, quanuis ille ferietur dormiens; hic non deſcribat figuras, ac dictum, tametſi quiſpiam no<lb></lb>uit <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> mulam eſſe prægnantem, vbi quędam mula tumido ventre occurrat, poſſe nos ſuſpicari <lb></lb><expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> vtero gerere, quae habemus tantùm illius propoſitionis vniuerſæ <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan>, nec tamen eam mula <lb></lb>tumida occurente exercemus: ſic nouimus triangulum, qui eſt in ſemicirculo eſſe <expan abbr="rectãgulum">rectangulum</expan>: <lb></lb>vtrum'ne verò triangulus ille quem in ſinu <expan abbr="occultũ">occultum</expan> in ſemicirculo Socrates habet, huiuſmodi ſit, <lb></lb>nec'ne ignoramus, & poſsidemus quidem notitiam: non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> agimus ex illa; non aliter <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> opu<lb></lb>lentiſsimus auarus qui numos in arca <expan abbr="contẽplatur">contemplatur</expan>, & neſcit vti paratis. </s> <s>Id proptereà poſſeſsio ab <lb></lb>vſu, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ab actu habitus, communi conſuetudine ſeparantur. </s> <s>Multa item alia ad hanc <lb></lb>ipſam <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> pertinentia ſcimus afferri quæ tamen potius è variis <expan abbr="interpretũ">interpretum</expan> collecta ſententiis oppo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1855"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nuntur, quàm validis rationib. muniantur, vti mos <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſt qui in præceptorum verba iurarunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem hilari fronte dimittentur, iis tantummodò receptis quæ ex vno ipſo Ariſtotele de<lb></lb>promuntur, aut <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> probabili confirmantur. </s> <s>Illud etiam neceſſe eſt in controuerſiam re<lb></lb>uocare: Vtrum'ne <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> energia requirat habitum, an ſine ipſo ſubſiſtat. </s> <s>Neque id dico, quin ali<lb></lb>qua videatur ex habitu non oriri, cùm ſupra apparuerit <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> habitui poſſe antecedere; verun<lb></lb>tamen ex eius frequentatione naſcitur habitus, ſed hîc quæritur an'ne actio ſine actu ſic ſubſiſtat, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex illo pendeat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſe terminetur. </s> <s>quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habitus ille ſit, vnde oritur motus violentus, <lb></lb>& quis habitus ex eius frequentatione naſcitur? </s> <s>vt, ſi ſexcenties in aërem proieceris ſaxum, nun<lb></lb>quam nihilominus <expan abbr="ſursũ">ſursum</expan> ex natura ſua feratur. </s> <s>& tamen habendus eſt actus. </s> <s>nam, quod vi pelli<lb></lb>tur, actu mouetur; nec vlla affectio violento motui præit, ea prorſus accedit extrinſecùs, vt nulla <lb></lb>penitus ſuſpicio ſit, actum <expan abbr="quempiã">quempiam</expan> accedere motui <expan abbr="violẽto">violento</expan>, qui mobilis ipſius ſuus <expan abbr="propriuſq́">propriuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cenſeri poſsit. </s> <s>Neque verò minus ineſt motus in mobili, tanquàm in ſubiecto, ſi vi concitetur, <lb></lb>quàm ſi ſecundùm naturam moueatur. </s> <s>ac ſiqua pars habitus, aut actus in tali mobili ſtatuatur, <lb></lb>periculum certè imminet, ac pro eo quae motus ille <expan abbr="violẽtus">violentus</expan> eſt, euadat naturalis, quemadmodum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1856"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ibi conſtat, vbi efficiens tantiſper immorando <expan abbr="progreſsũ">progreſsum</expan> fuerit, & qualitateis ſuas inſignius, atque <lb></lb>tenacius imprimere cęperit. </s> <s>Illud item diſquiſitione dignum eſt, è quónam genere ſit illa pote<lb></lb>ſtas quæ cum habitu conuenit, & ſecunda nuncupatur: magna <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inceſsit dubitatio, vtrum ne in <lb></lb>patibilium genere numeranda ſit, an in actuoſis potius reponenda; an'ne etiam <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>idem habitus <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſubire poſsit. </s> <s>Poſtremò quærendum reſtat, cùm actus ille primus <lb></lb>transfertur in ſecundùm, an id ſibi contingat aliqua anteeunte ſuiipſius mutatione quæ .ſ. </s> <s>in ipſo <lb></lb>radices agat, nec aliunde pendeat, tanquàm à ſubiecto, ſicut fieri ſolet in his quæ ſecundùm habi<lb></lb>tudinem tranſmutantur an non. </s> <s>His omnib. vt ſpero, perſpectis, nil profectò ſupererit, quod <lb></lb>ad poſterioris actus intelligentiam deſiderari poſsit, <expan abbr="multumq́">multumque</expan>. </s> <s>fructus ad ea non modò <expan abbr="conſti-tuẽda">conſti<lb></lb>tuenda</expan> quæ nos inquirimus de <expan abbr="elemẽtorũ">elementorum</expan> motu, ſed ad vniuerſam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> colligetur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1846"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1847"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1848"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1849"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1850"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1851"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>vit. </s> <s>long.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1852"></margin.target>b 1. de or<lb></lb>tu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1853"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1854"></margin.target>c 2. de an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1855"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1856"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm omnis actus ſecundus exoriatur exprimo, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PRIMAM verò dubitationem omnes quos ego viderim, actuum adhibita diſtinctione, ſic <lb></lb>profligare conſuerunt. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquiunt, omnes vniuſmodi ſunt; verùm imperfectus ali <pb pagenum="282"></pb>quis, alius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perfectus: ille quidem imperfectus antecedit habitui: ſequitur habitum ille alter; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1857"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>diſtinctionem, tanquàm ex Ariſtotele, & quidem verè depromptam, in medio ponunt. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Docet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe aliud eſſe agere <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="Grãmaticen">Grammaticen</expan> & Grammaticè; hęc quidem actio perfecta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1858"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt quæ oritur ex Grammatica; illa imperfecta quæ <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> ex habitu ſolùm imitatur, ac temere <lb></lb>fieri potuit. </s> <s>Proptereà dubitatio propoſita indicata ambigui fallacia tollitur. </s> <s>Nam cùm obiice<lb></lb>retur <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> ex actu <expan abbr="cõparari">comparari</expan>; quamobrem non antedere: damus quidem habitum ex actu pa<lb></lb>rari qui fuerit imperfectus, at nos de altero actu inficiamur qui perfectus eſt. </s> <s>Quare oportebat <lb></lb>etiam in ipſa concluſione <expan abbr="cõprehendere">comprehendere</expan> talem <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, & hunc item quae habitui præiret oſtendere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> aſſeri perſpicuum eſt. </s> <s>Attamen inuectus eſt <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ariſtoteles in eos qui ita ſentirent, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1859"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ac monſtrauit <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> actum ex habitu proficiſci, ſiue ille perfectus eſſet, ſiue imperfectus, ea ra<lb></lb>tione commotus. </s> <s>Quoniam <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod fit aliquid, fit ex aliquo, & ab aliquo, quod ſpecie idem <lb></lb>ſit, actus ab habitu, & diſciplina à ſcientia. </s> <s>Quia verò poſſet obiicere quiſpiam, ædificare <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> <lb></lb>prius, quàm ſit ædificator, ex quo <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan> id, habitum non omni actui ſupponi. </s> <s>Adde item, <lb></lb>quia dicere poſſet ab alieno actu, ſiue habitu produci talem <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſicut à præceptoris doctrina fit <lb></lb>in diſcipulo eruditio & diſciplina: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita fieri <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ab eo quod eſt actu, & denique illud quod <lb></lb>tu nunc ais actum quendam imperfectum qui non exiſtat ex habitu; docet ibi Philoſophus non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1860"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hunc tantum ſupponi qui alienus eſt; ſed internum etiam à quo actus ſinguli proficiſcantur. </s> <s>Ita <lb></lb>enim inquit, de his habitib. idem <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> de cęteris motibus, ac de illis formis, <lb></lb>quæ per tranſmutationem comparantur. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtate in ſingulis partibus, vnde in quolibet <lb></lb>puncto motus eſt aliquid quod <expan abbr="mutatũ">mutatum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="nũcupatur">nuncupatur</expan>, & eſt actu, tanquam pars formæ, aut gra<lb></lb>dus. </s> <s>Qua de re, ſicut è mutatis eſſe, quæ ſunt in ſingulis partib. motus, tanquàm ab actu fit for<lb></lb>ma; ſic è ſingulis actib. primis, inquam, non ſecundis, tanquàm ſint vt partes habitus, fit habitus <lb></lb>vniuerſus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non ab actu imperfecto, tanquàm huiuſmodi fit habitus, ſed <expan abbr="tãquàm">tanquàm</expan> ex habitu, <lb></lb>& ex ea parte habitus quæ confracta iam fuerit, exiſtit actus ſecundus qui illi parti pro portione <lb></lb>reſpondeat. </s> <s>Ac ſi planius eloqui velim, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſe habent gradus in qualitate, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſe <lb></lb>habent actus in actione, vnde habitus <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim gradus aliquid formæ ſignificant, è qui<lb></lb>bus tanquàm remanentibus forma tota <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan> <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> virtutem <expan abbr="cõplectens">complectens</expan>, non ſecus àc ternio <lb></lb><expan abbr="duitatẽ">duitatem</expan>, & trigonum contineat tetragonus. </s> <s>Quapropter ſiquis id quod eſt habitus, in ſuæ conſti<lb></lb>tutionis initia reſoluere cupiat, is cogitet neceſſe eſt actum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> primum qui cęteros <expan abbr="antecedẽ-tes">anteceden<lb></lb>tes</expan> virtute complectatur. </s> <s>Sic negat Ariſtoteles id quod acceptum eſt, nempe <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> fieri ex actu <lb></lb>ſolo. </s> <s>Ergo ex habitu fit actus. </s> <s>Sed cùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> valeat actus ad habitum producendum: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1861"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bitus contrahit aliquid incrementi, per aſsiduas actioneis, vt docuit Ariſtoteles 2. & 3. Eth. effici<lb></lb>tur vt habitus ex habitu conſtet, perfectus nimirùm ex imperfecto. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò, cùm ipſe <lb></lb>item Ariſtoteles de duab. differentiis habitus verba fecerit, atque vnum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> actui neceſſariò <lb></lb>præire docuerit, nec vllo modo fieri ex actu, cuiuſmodi ſenſus eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex eo quòd ſenſeri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1862"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus, ſenſum habemus, ſed contrà, <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> habemus, vt ſentiamus: eſt etiam alter habitus, qui ex <lb></lb>aſſuetudine <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>; quanquàm propoſita fuit dubitatio de poſtrema hac habitus ſpecie; <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>eius philoſophi dicta nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="prębẽt">prębent</expan> <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan>, vt de illo altero genere habitus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> feramus <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>; <lb></lb>fiunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à natura per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, in quo ſunt ipſa mutata eſſe quę ſunt veluti gradus & <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> partes. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quocirca ceu ſuprà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> fuit, ex iis vniuerſa forma conflatur. </s> <s>Hinc ſentiens facultas, quia per <lb></lb><expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> accedit, gradus quoſdam requirit, tanquàm ſuiipſius partes, vt puta, temperiem <expan abbr="fa-cultatemq́">fa<lb></lb>cultatemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="alentẽ">alentem</expan> è quibus componatur. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt, cùm Ariſtoteles has parteis in eadem ſpecie <lb></lb>collocarit, ea neceſſariò conſequantur. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, quae ad eandem referantur habitus atque <lb></lb>actus: ſic verò & paſsio, & patibilis qualitas, & omnino effectio, & habitus <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecie continen<lb></lb>tur; quandò inter hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> proportio conſimilis intercedit. </s> <s>Eſt & illud alterum quod nos ſupe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1863"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riore libro profeſsi ſumus, vt verum <expan abbr="vndequaq.">vndequaque</expan> ſecum conſentire perſpicias, quae affectiones pręuię <lb></lb>pertineant <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad qualitatem. </s> <s>ſiquidem <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ex ſubſtantia fieri opor<lb></lb>teat & ex plurib. tanquàm gradibus <expan abbr="partibuſq́">partibuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõponi">componi</expan>, quæ ſint termini interni fluxus illius qui <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> perfecta ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> finitur, quemadmodum ſunt actuum <expan abbr="habituumq́">habituumque</expan>. </s> <s>partes. </s> <s>Necnon <lb></lb>efficitur illud, vt cùm duas <expan abbr="actuũ">actuum</expan> formulas propoſuerit nob. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles: <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eius qui <lb></lb>antecedit habitui, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram eius qui conſequitur habitum; <expan abbr="aliudq́">aliudque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe docuerit agere gram<lb></lb>maticè, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſecundùm Grammaticen: nihil tamen obſtet, quominus habitus actioni <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> ſuppo<lb></lb>natur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>ſecundùm <expan abbr="Grãmaticen">Grammaticen</expan> actus appellatur, quae habitum <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> excludat; verùm quia ſo<lb></lb>lùm reſpuat illum, ſeu rectius dixerim, non admittat qui perfectus eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hunc non habitui ſim<lb></lb>pliciter antecedere <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt, ſed habitui perfecto duntaxat. </s> <s>Habitum igitur <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> actui præcede<lb></lb>re dicemus; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> efficiens primùm imprimit <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, mox actum, & iure quidem. </s> <s>prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poten<lb></lb>tia præeat neceſſe eſt, pòſt actus ſubſequatur quę <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> princeps eſt in prędicamento <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed huic non abſimilis ea quæ eſt ex natura, vt in colore & ſapore, habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & illi <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> propriá <lb></lb>functionem, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, licet ſubſtantię non ſint. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis violentam <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan>, & pręter na <pb pagenum="283"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1864"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turam opponat, vt <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> in ferro, audiat etſi in ferro, quatenus ſubſtantia nullus habitus antece<lb></lb>dit: at antecedit ſimpliciter vt in ſubiecto, quod iam incaluërit: etenim & calefiens calefiebat, & <lb></lb>calefactum eſt. </s> <s>Ideò triplex exiſtit ratio actuum ad habitus vt ad ſubſtantiam, vt ad naturam, & <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> propriam, vt ad ſubiectum ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Cęterùm, ne cui dubitationem faciat id quod <lb></lb>aſſumpſit Ariſtoteles, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> formam è multis mutatis eſſe conſtare, ne forte, quia motus ex his <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>confletur, ſuſpicemur <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> ex eiſdem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> conflari non poſſe, attendat non eſſe parem <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <lb></lb>rationem, diuiduus eſt motus, indiuidua forma; quia diuiduus ille non componitur ex indiui<lb></lb>duis, huic <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> indiuidua: nihil aduerſatur, quominus è multis indiuiduis fiat, nec ob id ipſa <lb></lb>diuidi queat, quia conſtet è multis indiuiduis; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex indiuiduis, quantumuis infinita ſint, nil <lb></lb>aliud certè, niſi indiuiduum effici poteſt. </s> <s>Quanquam & in forma ipſa, licet ſit vna ſimpliciter, & <lb></lb>& habeat vim cogendi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in vnum, eſt quodammodò multitudo materiæ <expan abbr="poteſtatiſq́">poteſtatiſque</expan>. </s> <s>priui<lb></lb>legio quæ continentur in illa: omnes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illi gradus qui vltimo antecedunt, ad materiam <expan abbr="pertinẽt">pertinent</expan>, <lb></lb>& poteſtatem. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt quod eſt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> in re quæ producta eſt, formæ <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> referri debet, quòd <lb></lb>è multis partib. conſtet; ipſi materiæ quæ ſanè partes in vna <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> forma coëunt omnes. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> excitet <expan abbr="ſuſpicionẽ">ſuſpicionem</expan> falſitatis, quia ſit aliqua pars habitus in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> actu, cùm ea pars obtineat inſtar <lb></lb>mutati eſſe, <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eiuſmodi primum detur in motu: quare ponenda neceſſariò ſit aliqua pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1865"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma pars quæ non fiat ex habitu: quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habitus ante primum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> excogitari? </s> <s>Quocirca ne<lb></lb>que vllus actus. </s> <s>Nanque in omni motu <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eſt id quod fit, & quod factum eſt; hoc verò fieri <lb></lb>antè oportuit. </s> <s>Non igitur prima pars habitus, & tamen actus exiſtere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Quamobrem neque <lb></lb>item actio prima ex habitu. </s> <s>Credat quiſpiam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita credens meritò accuſari poſsit, <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <lb></lb>in ſua dubitatione ſtatuere, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> rem moueri cœpiſſe: me tamen vrget ſcrupulus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, antequàm <lb></lb>motus penitus incipiat, quod' nam iudicium de prima illius parte faciendum ſit. </s> <s>Proinde melius <lb></lb>illi pronunciant. </s> <s>Tametſi in gradu primùm non eſt, vnde pars habitus contrahi poſsit: at in alio <lb></lb>gradu <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> eſt huiuſmodi, vtputa cognitio ſenſus ex qua primùm diſciplina efficitur quæ ra<lb></lb>tione vtitur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> item explicauit Simplicius, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in primo ſubſtantiæ gradu, non ſanè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1866"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qualitas ab agente incuſſa quæ ſit tanquam <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> formæ quam habet efficiens, quae hęc pars <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ non eſt, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> volumus eſſe habitum <expan abbr="pręcedentẽ">pręcedentem</expan>, ſed gradus qui in <expan abbr="vnaquaq.">vnaquaque</expan> parte to<lb></lb>tius illius motus cogitatione figi ac deſignati <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, aut aliquid huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Sic aliquid formę in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb>actu ſecundo quam hic conſequitur, eſt ponendum. </s> <s>At verò ordo ille qui à Simplicio deſcri<lb></lb>ptus eſt, in immenſum'ne procedit, an olim reperiet exitum? </s> <s>Primùm certè negabis: ſi alterum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1867"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dederis, ego de primo illo percunctabor <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan>, vnde. </s> <s>& quemadmodum producatur: ita quęſtio<lb></lb>ni ſatisfacere non poteris. </s> <s>Ac ſi neget Simplicius præuias illas affectioneis eſſe qualitateis, & ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> pertinere defendat, vt nos <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuperiore libro concluſimus, & obiiciat rurſus <expan abbr="auctori-tatẽ">auctori<lb></lb>tatem</expan> Ariſtotelis 9. Met. ita reſpondebit, vt arbitror. </s> <s>Idcirco etiam in generatione genita eſſe con<lb></lb>ſtitui quæ partim re, partim cogitatione ſola ſeparari queant. </s> <s>ac re quidem <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> iam officia de<lb></lb>prehendi poſſunt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in qualitate gradus, & quæ vel proceſſum naturæ claudant, vt <lb></lb>ſpecies vltimæ, vel ita ſeparentur, quòd formas contrarias indifferenter reſpiciant, veluti genera <lb></lb>formas, & differentias oppoſitas. </s> <s>reliqua genita imperfecta prorſus, & ſola cogitatione potius, <lb></lb>quàm re ſeparantur, ab illis formæ ſumuntur, ac genera <expan abbr="ſpecieſq́">ſpecieſque</expan>. </s> <s>procreantur; in his poſtremis <lb></lb>nulla ratio formę ſuccedentis habetur, nec generis ſpecieiúe diſtinctio percipitur: & in his vetus <lb></lb>nomen, & priſtina ratio conſeruatur: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt planta, donec viuit ſine ſenſu, vbi primùm <lb></lb>ſenſerit, animal eſt. </s> <s>Idcircò Ariſtoteles 6. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> huiuſcemodi genitis <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> tribuebat: nihilo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1868"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecius ex his omnib. <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> conſtare fatendum eſt. </s> <s>Si incidat controuerſia de prima, dicam ha<lb></lb>ctenus illud eſſe quo ſenſiliter immutata eſt materiæ poteſtas; ſimpliciter <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non datur. </s> <s>Hæc nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1869"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in præuiis affectionib. contineri prędicamus quæ ſic ſe habere dicimus in eo quòd fit, veluti gra<lb></lb>dus in qualitate, & in motu momenta; vnde proportione ſubſtantiæ functiones plus minuſúe <lb></lb>perfectæ prodeant. </s> <s>quae ſi fortè nulla adhuc extet, veluti ſiqua pars ante dieſin in voce ponatur quæ <lb></lb>ſenſu pollere nequeat id materia tantum, non ſimpliciter ſubſtantia, neque actus haberi debet in <lb></lb>natura. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla functio ab ipſo expectanda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita defendimus actum ſecundum <lb></lb>ſemper exoriri à primo, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> id fiat in motibus qui à generante proficiſcuntur, quod item ali<lb></lb>qua ex parte prius cum Gręcis explicatum eſt, & poſthàc vberius exponetur. </s> <s>Illa fortaſſe diffe<lb></lb>rentia nobis erit in actib. primis aduertenda, quae forma quæ ſubſtantiam prima conſtituit, ſiue ſit <lb></lb>elementi forma, ſeu communis illa corporis, nihil actus in ſubiecto flagitat, ex quo conſtituatur <lb></lb>intrinſecus (externus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totus eſt, ſiquis adeſt) ſed materia ſola contenta eſt: at actus qui ad cęte<lb></lb>ra prædicamenta referuntur, actum prætereà ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="poſtulãt">poſtulant</expan>, etſi ſecundùm naturam fuerit, <lb></lb>ex habitu quodam ſubſtantiæ pullulant, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>partem in eodem ſubiecto perpetuò deſiderant; <lb></lb>dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit res, & antequàm aliquo actu potiatur, neſcio videre niſi <expan abbr="purã">puram</expan> materiam, atque, vt ait <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, id quod non eſt ſimpliciter; verùm accidenti ſemper forma ſubſtantię in materia ſup<lb></lb>ponitur, vel cui præter naturam inſideat, vel cuius naturam conſequatur. </s> <s>Hæc, vt opinor in me <pb pagenum="284"></pb>dium afferri poſſunt quibus Ariſtotelis decretum 9. primæ philoſophiæ tum generale reddatur; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1870"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum item à calumniis aduerſarij purgetur, quod etiam pluribus à nobis tractandum fuerat, quia <lb></lb>locus ille non à multis obſeruatus eſſet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1857"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1858"></margin.target>a 2. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1859"></margin.target>b 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1860"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1861"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1862"></margin.target>c 1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1863"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1864"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1865"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1866"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 44.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1867"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1868"></margin.target>b T. 59.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1869"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1870"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm actus ſecundus ſubstantia ſit, an accidens. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VENIO nunc ad alteram dubitationem. </s> <s>Ego verò fui ſemper huius opinionis, quae omnis <lb></lb>habitus eſſet propter actum. </s> <s>Me verò cum ratio, tum multa dicta ſapientiſsimorum ho<lb></lb>minum <expan abbr="mouẽt">mouent</expan> ad ita ſentiendum. </s> <s>Nam fruſtra eſſe dicitur ea forma quæ torpet otio: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>rem Philoſophus manum lapideam ambiguè manum eſſe teſtabatur officio definiens, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & eum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1871"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>paralogiſmum, qui peccat in forma, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſyllogiſmi appellatione non dignatur, quia ſyllogiſticam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1872"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neceſsitatem non præſeferat quæ iam virtus eſt & munus ſyllogiſmi, & poëta ille ſapientiſsimè.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1871"></margin.target>a 1. de ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1872"></margin.target>b 1. Top.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Hector erat, tum cùm bello certabat, & idem</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Tractus ab AEmonio non erat Hector equo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Atque alter ille.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Iacet ſine nomine corpus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hos Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> imitati, ſubſtantiam quæ ſuo munere fungi non poſſet, ambiguè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1873"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1874"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1875"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiam appellarunt, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> hominem qui rudis eſſet, ambiguè <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> eſſe ſcripſerint imita<lb></lb>ti Platonem qui item in lib. de Rep. </s> <s>vitioſum hominem dixerit eſſe non hominem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> Ari<lb></lb>ſtippus, cùm ex eo <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> percunctaretur quid boni eruditio filio ſuo foret allatura: ſi nil aliud, <lb></lb>hoc certè, inquit, quae in theatro lapis in lapide <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſedebit. </s> <s>& M. Tullius qui, mihi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ait, qui ni<lb></lb>hil agit, eſſe <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> non videtur. </s> <s>Prętereà, dum vult nobis Ariſtoteles indicare <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> immortalium, ſic dicit; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſunt ſemper in actu. </s> <s>Video conſimiliter habitum ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele nomine poteſtatis inſigniri: cęterùm poteſtas, ſi cum eo conferatur, quod ipſa ſpectat, <lb></lb>imperfectior eſt habenda, vt non minus quàm actus & forma potentiæ perfectio ſint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mate<lb></lb>riæ ſit actus ſecundus perfectio primi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnino promotio ipſius habitus. </s> <s>Hic verò ſpeculans, <lb></lb>actu cùm ſit, & propriè ſciens hoc A. inquit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> &ldquo & operari dictum eſt eſſe <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ δοσιν</foreign> in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1876"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habitum ac <foreign lang="grc">σωτηρίαν</foreign>, incrementum ſcilicet, & ſalutem.” Quòd ſi accidens ſubſtantia perfectius <lb></lb>eſſe non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: etenim ſubſtantia prior eſt accidente natura & cognitione, ſi id verum eſt, quod <lb></lb>Auerroës, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> qui ſe in illo tenent, <expan abbr="quodq́">quodque</expan>. </s> <s>item nos arbitramur, ſecundum actum nimirùm <lb></lb>eſſe ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="operantẽ">operantem</expan>; planum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt actum ſecundum cum ſit perfectior habitu, eſſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1877"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Poterat etiam nos Ariſtotelica partitio perſuadere 2. de An. cùm ſecta ſubſtantia <lb></lb>fuiſſet in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, poteſtatem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> compoſitum: deinde actus in primum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſecundum: ſiquidem <lb></lb>quod de ſuperiore prædicatur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fundatur ad inferius: niſi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> huic partitioni refragari poſſet <lb></lb>aduerſarius indicans eam eſſe non vt vniuoci, ſed vt illius, quod eſt ad vnum, ſicut etiam par<lb></lb>titio principij in Analyt. </s> <s>in axioma, & poſitionem, ac poſitionis in petitionem & definitionem, <lb></lb>quod in his abſurdum non eſt, vt dicebat Auerroës, quod de communi prædicatur nonnun<lb></lb>quam parti repugnare. </s> <s>Idcirco alia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> adiungere oportebat, quibus approbaretur actum ſe<lb></lb>cundum eſſe ſubſtantiam, & ex his indicare partitionem illam eſſe ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>conſtantiſsimè aſſeuero naturæ, <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>, hic verò eſt ab imperfecto ad <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>, vbi ad functionem <lb></lb>ab habitu proficiſcimur, optimè conſeruari. </s> <s>Teſtabatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Proclus lib. 1. in Tim. omnem <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſeu præcedentem habitui, ſiue ſubſequentem afferre perfectionem. </s> <s>Quæ item vniuerſa multò <lb></lb>prius Ariſtoteles ipſe pronunciauerat, vt ſi vera non ſint; <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> tamen tanti præceptoris aliquan<lb></lb>do tentauerint. </s> <s>Is <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm oſtendiſſet, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quemadmodum ſe haberet virtus ad finem, & an dirige<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1878"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>retur ad finem ipſum, an ad ea potius quæ ſunt gratia finis, quib .ſ. </s> <s>ipſe <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, & cùm ſtatuiſ<lb></lb>ſet finem eſſe potius <expan abbr="ſpectandũ">ſpectandum</expan>, quàm ea quę ſunt ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>; licet eiuſdem facultatis officium foret <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1879"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> reſpicere, quia finis anteponendus eſt, vt pote melior; cùm poſſet exoriri dubitatio, pro<lb></lb>pter actionem quæ iam poſita fuerat anteà præſtantior habitu: quandò actio videatur ex iis eſſe <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ad finem; docet nihilominus <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> meliorem eſſe virtute, quae ſic habitus perfectio de<lb></lb>claretur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſsimiliter ab iis quæ alibi ex 9. Met. dicta fuerunt à nob. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> teſtatur, actio<lb></lb>nem eſſe magis eligendam, quàm virtutem. </s> <s>ergo melior actio. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Et hæc ſunt ipſius Ariſtotelis ver<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1880"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ba, <expan abbr="“quorũ">“quorum</expan> & habitus eſt, & vſus, quae melior ſit vſus, & magis expetendus habitu: nanque vſus & <lb></lb>actio finis eſt; habitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt vſus gratia.” <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Me <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> maximè <expan abbr="mouẽt">mouent</expan> illa quæ ſcripta ſunt lib. 5. <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1881"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de ortu anim. c. 1. vbi docemur non eſſe animal antequàm actu ſentiat; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>priorem eſſe <expan abbr="vigi-liã">vigi<lb></lb>liam</expan> ſomno; ex quo patet per <expan abbr="operationẽ">operationem</expan> eſſe id quod eſt. </s> <s>Proinde ſic profligare conſueui dubita<lb></lb>tionem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> quæ 2. de An. cruciabat interpretes eius loci, vnde etiam occaſio ſumpta de hac <lb></lb>ipſa re diſputandi: fuit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Si habitus & ſcientia ſunt origine priora; qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ve<lb></lb>rum illud erit quod ab omnib. probari conſueuit, nimirùm generatione priora eſſe quoque im<lb></lb>perfectiora; nanque habitus vt animus, ſi cum functione conferatur, eſt perfectior: etenim ille <lb></lb>ſubſtantia eſt, functio verò accidens: atqui ſubſtantia prior eſt omnibus modis accidente. <pb pagenum="285"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1882"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quod item ex eo confirmatur, quòd animus videtur eſſe finis ipſius naturę: nam per hunc habe<lb></lb>mus, quae diuini ſimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpetui, vt <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> ſuam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> obtingere potuit: <lb></lb>animum verò cętera conſequuntur. </s> <s>Idcircò <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> dixere, <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> illam <expan abbr="propoſitionẽ">propoſitionem</expan> abſolu<lb></lb>tè veram non eſſe, ſed ea limitatione reſtringendam: vbi .ſ. </s> <s>inter prius & poſterius nexus ſequelę <lb></lb>non intercedat, hoc eſt, vt poſterius ex prioris actu non pendeat, nam ſi minus, fieri poſſe, vt po<lb></lb>ſterius ſit imperfectius: <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> nob. </s> <s>ſit accidens quod, tam etſi materiam informat, ex <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <lb></lb>pendet; & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quę ſubſtantiam faciat, in materia requirit: ea tamen eſt imperfectius, <expan abbr="conſimi-liq́">conſimi<lb></lb>lique</expan>. </s> <s>modo cęterę partes humani corporis oriuntur poſt ipſum cor; nihilominus principatum in <lb></lb>corpore noſtro tenet cor: reliqua membra illi ſoli famulantur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc non ob aliud, niſi quòd <lb></lb>accidens actu ſubſtantiæ terminatur, reliqua <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> procreantur ex corde. </s> <s>liceat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc loco <lb></lb>mihi rem maximè controuerſam ex <expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> ſententia nunc recipere tanquàm veram, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in hac hypotheſi dicturo, ſi perſuadeat à Galeno cerebrum, aut epar eſſe parteis pręſtan<lb></lb>tioreis, vt etiam fecit idem Philoſophus 7. Met. <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm actus oriatur ex habitu; licet ſit poſte<lb></lb>rior, non eſt idcirco perfectior. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>concederem ipſe functioneis ad <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> ſe habere, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> accidentia quę inhęrent in ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pendêre ex ipſo habitu, tanquàm illi <expan abbr="miniſtrã-tia">miniſtran<lb></lb>tia</expan>, veluti reliqua <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> cordi. </s> <s>Nam valde ego abſum ab illis, qui ita veram exiſtimant propoſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1883"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tionẽ">tionem</expan> illam <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> qua ſtatuitur, illa eſſe imperfectiora, quæ prius generantur, vt etiam acci<lb></lb>dentia ipſa quae accedant ſubſtantię, perfectione ſubſtantiam ſuperare credant. </s> <s>Quin contrà acci<lb></lb>dens conſequitur <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> per ſubſtantiam, cùm ſit ab ipſa ſubſtantia, propter ipſam ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſius <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>: ac ſi <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> perfectius accidens habendum ſit, tale eſt, ſi cum ma<lb></lb>teria <expan abbr="cõferatur">conferatur</expan>. </s> <s>cùm quodlibet accidens etiam ſit eius actus; quandò illa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt potentia tantum <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, ſed quantum, quale <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> prædicamenta. </s> <s>verùm eo tempore illa tanquam acci<lb></lb>dentia non amplius habentur, ſed, vt formæ, quanquam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> re, neque ratione excludunt ipſam <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam compoſitam. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliter dicere conſueuimus; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alienum à placitis Ariſtotelis <lb></lb>exiſtimamus <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſicuti origine poſterior eſt habitu, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ipſum perfectione ſuperare: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>damus <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> proportionem inter actum & habitum, qualis eſt inter accidens & ſubſtantiam: <expan abbr="quã-dò">quan<lb></lb>dò</expan> actus ſecundus ſe habeat ad <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, vt actus ad <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>; accidens verò ad ſubſtantiam, velu<lb></lb>ti conſequens ſimpliciter, vt, quanuis abſit; nihil detrimenti ſubſtantia capiat. </s> <s>Sed enim actu ſe<lb></lb>cundo ſublato forma remanet imperfecta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ratio qua nituntur aduerſarij, multum apud me <lb></lb>valet; quia primùm animus expetatur, quoniam per <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> habemus perpetuitatem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuinita<lb></lb>tem, quod primùm requiritur à natura: ſiquidem formæ ſoleant optari cum primis à natura ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1884"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nerante omnibus numeris abſolutæ; ſunt verò tum perfectæ, cùm ſua officia faciunt. </s> <s>Prætereà di<lb></lb>uinum hoc eſſe & perpetuum non per <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> ſolam præſtat ipſa natura; verùm quia ſit animus <lb></lb>ſemper in actu, cum primò, quod eſt eſſe; tum ſecundò, quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign>. </s> <s>officium .ſ. </s> <s>atque fun<lb></lb>ctio, vſque adeò, vt, ſi forma finis generationis eſt poſita, finis tamen ſimpliciter, propter quem <lb></lb>eſt etiam ipſa forma, ſine dubio functio poni debeat id quod etiam ſignificauit nob. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>iis verbis. </s> <s>“Vnumquodque eſt, quod habet officium, gratia officij; ſic Dei officium eſt, quod eſt <lb></lb>immortalitas, <foreign lang="grc">ἑκαστον</foreign>, inquit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἐστὶ; ὧν ἔργον ἐστὶν, ἓνεκα τόν ἔργου, θεοῦ δ' ἐνέργεια ἀθανασῖα</foreign>.” <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1885"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt autem immortalitas vita in actu ſecundo. </s> <s>Necnon vbi humanam beatitudinem in functio<lb></lb>ne perfecta collocauit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ita quoque profeſſus eſt idem philoſophus hæc pronuncians. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">καὶ ὁτι</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1886"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1887"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀπαν ἐπ' ἀρχὴν βαδιζει τὸ γινόμενον καὶ τέλος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἀρχὴ γὰρ τὸ οὗ ἐνεκα, τοῦ τέλους δὲ ἑνεκα ἡ γε<lb></lb>νέσις. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τέλος δὲ ἡ ἐνέργεια, καὶ τούτου χάριν ἡ δυν́αμις λαμβάνεται</foreign>. </s> <s>& rel. “Et quae omne <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> fit, ad ini<lb></lb>tium vadit & finem: initium <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id, cuius gratia, finis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> gratia generatio, finis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actio, & huius <lb></lb>gratia facultas accipitur. </s> <s>Mox ſimiliter de cęteris, & quorum motio finis. <foreign lang="grc">ὁμόιως δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν <lb></lb>ἃλλων, καὶ ὧν κίνησις τέλος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">διὸ ὧσπερ ὁιδιδασκοντες ἐνεργοῦντα ἀπὸ δείξαυτες οἲονται τὸ τἐλος <lb></lb>ἀποδεδωκέναι, καὶ ἡ φυσις ὀμοίως</foreign>.” i. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> docentes, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="diſcipulũ">diſcipulum</expan> oſtenderint <lb></lb>operantem, putant impoſuiſſe finem, ſimiliter etiam natura. </s> <s>Deinde paucis interpoſitis verbis, <lb></lb>quib. exemplo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> res <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> aperiatur, adſcribit. </s> <s>Opus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> finis; operatio verò opus: vnde <expan abbr="nomẽ">nomen</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1888"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>operatio dicitur ab opere, & tendit ad <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, confert .ſ. </s> <s>ad conſumationem. <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γὰρ ἔργον <lb></lb>τέλος ἡ δὲ ἐνέργεια τὸ ἔργον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">διὸ καὶ τοῦνομα λέγεται ἐνέργεια κατὰ τὸ ἔργον, καὶ συντεί νει πρὸς <lb></lb>ἐντελέχειαν</foreign>. </s> <s>quia tum perfecta res eſt, cùm operatur. </s> <s>Quanquam accidit, actionem eſſe dupli<lb></lb>cem, vel quæ terminetur alio, & hæc ad opus ipſum verè dirigatur, vel etiam <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan>, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>in ipſo <lb></lb>maneat in quo producitur: ſi fuerit huiuſmodi, ſimul erit idem opus & operatio. </s> <s>Græcè melius <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἔργον καὶ ἐνέργεια</foreign>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alluſio nominum conſeruatur: quoniam quod hîc dicimus opus, re<lb></lb>ctius officium vocaretur; vbi iam alluſio tollitur. </s> <s>& erit abſoluta <expan abbr="perfectiſsimaq́">perfectiſsimaque</expan>. </s> <s>functio, cuiuſ<lb></lb>modi ſpeculatio primùm eſt, deinde praxis, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſolis inter mortalia præditus eſt, homo, altera <lb></lb>quidem quæ ſuiipſius eſt propria, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ ſibi etiam cum diis eſt communis. </s> <s>Neque verò <lb></lb>negocium tibi faceſſat, quae virtus ipſa per ſe nomen <expan abbr="honeſtũ">honeſtum</expan> ſit, & præſeferat dignitatem, quaſi in <lb></lb>ea ſit <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἀργικὸν, & τὸ κύριον</foreign> imperium .ſ. </s> <s>& principatus, & quae ab illa actio naſcatur in alio, qua <pb pagenum="286"></pb>propter & forma virtus, ſeu poteſtas agendi nuncupatur, & aliqua dictum à virtute moueri, ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1889"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo iudices virtutem eſſe actione <expan abbr="pręſtantiorẽ">pręſtantiorem</expan>: oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> te animaduertere in ea virtute <expan abbr="dupli-cẽ">dupli<lb></lb>cem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>: <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quidem qua reſpicit patiens, & id quod eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & tum <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> continet <lb></lb>actus: alteram verò ad id, quae cùm agere poſsit, ex ſe orietur, & ipſa etiam de poteſtate traducatur <lb></lb>ad actum, nam cognoſces ſeipſam <expan abbr="agentẽ">agentem</expan> ſeipſa non agente eſſe <expan abbr="perfectiorẽ">perfectiorem</expan>: cum actione <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>virtus in præſentia <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>actio præfertur. </s> <s>Id verò quod nos affirmamus, ab Ariſtotele ſu<lb></lb>mimus qui 15. T. 1. de An. <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> à fine & efficiente ſeparauit. </s> <s>Neque item tibi obſtent Ariſto<lb></lb>telis dicta de 3. Eth. c. 7. qui functionis finem teſtatus fuerit eſſe <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, & idcirco honeſtum præ<lb></lb>dicarit: etenim finis duplex, & productionis & cui quæ eſt operatio: vtrique <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conuenit ſuus <lb></lb>honos, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & habitus laudantur, & actionib. adhibentur encomia. </s> <s>dicitur habitus vt finis pro<lb></lb>ductionis: at actio finis eſt cui, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> præſtantior. </s> <s>Ex his igitur liquet, vt actio ad habitum ſeſe ha<lb></lb>beat, quod habitus actione perficitur, & quanuis actionis à ſubſtantia non abhorret, quod item <lb></lb>quae vis planius tum fiet, cùm <expan abbr="aduerſariorũ">aduerſariorum</expan> rationes explorabimus: id quod mox eſt pręſtandum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1873"></margin.target>c 1. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Prob.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1874"></margin.target>d 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1875"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1876"></margin.target>e 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 58.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1877"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1878"></margin.target>f 1. Mag. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mor. </s> <s>c. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1879"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1880"></margin.target>g 2. ad <lb></lb>Eucl. </s> <s>c. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1881"></margin.target>h 1. Mag. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mor. </s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1882"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1883"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1884"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1885"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 7</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1886"></margin.target>b 1. Eth. <lb></lb>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1887"></margin.target>c 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 15. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1888"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1889"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tollitur è medio celebris illa ratio qua ab accidentis natura probatur actum ſecundum <lb></lb>eſſe accidens. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1890"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1890"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OPPONEBATVR autem ab aduerſariis actionem eſſe accidens ob id potiſsimè, quòd ea <lb></lb>foret accidentis ratio, quia citra ſubiecti ipſius interitum adeſſet & abeſſet: functionem ve<lb></lb>rò ſaluo habitu frequentiſsimè ire, & redire. </s> <s>& ex vnico habitu plures actiones exiſtere.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt quanuis tacet Hermogenes, cantor tamen, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Optimus est modulator, vt Alphenus vafer omni</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Abiecto instrumento artis, <expan abbr="clauſaq́">clauſaque</expan>. </s> <s>taberna; Sutor erat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ad hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> argumentum <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> demus eius animaduerſa propoſitione: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s><expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> præſeferre neceſsi<lb></lb>tatem, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> & exemplo monſtrare licet <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>Accipe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, hæc à materia ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>materia ſuperſtes eſt: materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reipſa multò magis ab ea <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> cogitatione ſeiungi, quis <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> accidens in materia ponet? </s> <s>vt <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> non veritus fuerit Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aſſerere, for<arrow.to.target n="marg1891"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mã">mam</expan> inhærere in materia, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> accidens, idem poſteà ſibi non conſtiterit, & <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> decreuerit eam <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> accidens non ſe habere, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> rei talem <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> protulerit, quae altera conditio deeſſet <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> po<lb></lb>ſtularetur ab accidente, nimirùm, quae eius pars non eſſet, in quo inerat: at forma pars eſt compoſi<lb></lb>ti. </s> <s>Verùm, meo quidem iudicio, valebat hoc ad oſtendendum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non eſſe accidens in <expan abbr="cõpoſi-to">compoſi<lb></lb>to</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in materia, cùm accidens non dicatur eſſe pars eius in quo ineſt; at <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> pars ineſt for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1892"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma in compoſito, non in materia. </s> <s>Multò melius dixiſſet Alexander, ſi <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> materia proxima <lb></lb>contuliſſet: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> docuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>interempta forma tolli <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan>. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>nil obſtat hoc progreſſui noſtræ rationis eo quae manet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> forma in materia remota, & ab ea citra <lb></lb><expan abbr="noxã">noxam</expan> forma ſeiungi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> remanet primum ex quo fit id quod fit, non ob id <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> illi, vt <lb></lb>accidens ineſſe cenſendum eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſatius eſſe reor, ſi notata natura accidentis ipſum ita <lb></lb>proficiſci dicamus ab eo cui accidit, vt ab illo perficiatur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> afferat aliquam perfectionem: <lb></lb>atqui forma ſic aduenit materiæ, vt ipſam perficiat: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem non videtur in accidentib. eſſe <lb></lb>reponenda. </s> <s>Quapropter in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> ſenſum <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> eſſe puto illam <expan abbr="propoſitionẽ">propoſitionem</expan>. </s> <s>Id eſſe accidens, <lb></lb>cùm ſeparatur ab eo in quo eſt, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> non ſit eius perfectio. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> functio ſit perfectio for<lb></lb>mæ, licèt ab ea ſeparetur, accidens eſſe non eſt exiſtimandum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Meq́">Meque</expan>. </s> <s>mouent <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> verba The<lb></lb>miſtij quæ ſunt huiuſmodi. <foreign lang="grc">ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς ο̂ταν ἤδη γένητου ὁφθαλμοὶ ἑνέργειαν ἔχει τὴν ὄρασιν· <lb></lb>αὒτη δἐ ἠ ἐνέργεια τῆς μορφἠς οὐδὲν διαφέρει. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τοὗτο γὰρ ἐστὶν ὀφθαλμῷ εἷναι τὸ ὁρᾶν κατ' ἐνέρ<lb></lb>γειαν οὕς</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>oculus, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> iam factus fuerit oculus; actum habet viſionem, hæc verò functio à for<lb></lb>ma nihil differt: “hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt oculo eſſe videre actu ſic, vt credam eſſentiam habitus eſſe <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> functionem dicit; idem ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> operantem nob. </s> <s>exprimat quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1893"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Themiſtius item, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> approbantis Auerrois teſtimonio <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> profeſſus eſt.” <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Diuiditur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1894"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma ab iſtis philoſophis in quieſcentem & <expan abbr="operantẽ">operantem</expan>. </s> <s>Ac ſiquis interiùs vim formæ ſcrutari ve<lb></lb>lit, <expan abbr="videbit̃">videbitur</expan> illi potius accidens eſſe, quando ceſſet ab opere, quàm ſi foret in officio: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & <lb></lb>per ſe foret in officio, niſi impediretur. </s> <s>ibi non <expan abbr="operat̃">operatur</expan>, vbi prohibetur: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quod impedit, eſt <lb></lb>per accidens, & accidens eſt ipſum impedimentum. </s> <s>Neque deeſt locus apud Ariſtotelem qui <lb></lb>nos in ea ſententia confirmet. </s> <s>ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quemadmodum ſuprà pro Alexandro citauimus, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> formá <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1895"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>dixit eſſe, cùm poſſunt operari ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: non ea quidem potentia, <lb></lb>quæ ſeiungitur ab actu: verùm ea quæ ambiguè poteſtas eſt, hęc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cum actu copulatur. </s> <s>eſt ve<lb></lb>rò tunc, cùm elementa ſunt in proprio loco cui quoque alter accedit in calce 4. Meteor. </s> <s>ait enim <lb></lb>Quæ poſſunt obire ſuum ipſorum munus, verè <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> ſunt velut oculus, ſi cernit. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>vt mirum in ea re Græcè philoſophiæ conſenſum perſpicias, audi Alexandrum, cui ſi Auerroëm <lb></lb>adiunxeris, vt interim illi gratificemur; nemo ſit, qui illis anteponi debeat; qui vt <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> red <pb pagenum="287"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1896"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>derent, auctoritate tamen hos minutos philoſophos vincerent, ait verò <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="tranſitũ">tranſitum</expan> è poteſtate <expan abbr="ſecũ-">ſecun<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg1897"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum eſſe generationem, quòd ſi generatio eſt ſubſtantiæ; profectò ſecundus actus in ſubſtantiis <lb></lb>optimo iure collocabitur. </s> <s>Cęterùm hanc opinionem <expan abbr="excogitatã">excogitatam</expan> fuiſſe comperio temporibus no<lb></lb>ſtris, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> conatu diſputatum in id quòd functio ſit accidens à forma ipſa diuerſum. </s> <s>Quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>adeò ſtupidus ſit, qui <expan abbr="inciſionẽ">inciſionem</expan>, vigiliam, ſpeculationem dixerit eſſe formam? </s> <s>Deinde motus di<lb></lb>citur actus eſſe motoris; hic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non eſt forma operans, ſed operatio duntaxat. </s> <s>Rurſus forma, an<lb></lb>tequàm operetur, dicitur eſſe in potentia ad <expan abbr="operandũ">operandum</expan>, & in potentia ad actum ſecundum. </s> <s>Si igi<lb></lb>tur forma eſt in potentia ad actum ſecundum; planum eſt profectò quòd actus ſecundus, ſolùm <lb></lb>opus erit habendum. </s> <s>Prętereà coniunctum ex actu primo, & ſecundo eſt in actu, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actus, <lb></lb>& forma operans, non perfectio, ſed prædita perfectione. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſine operatione <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> <lb></lb>& forma conſeruatur: ergo <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> eſt accidens. </s> <s>Necnon animus nutriens ſemper agit: ergo ſem<lb></lb>per eſt actus ſecundus: atqui, ſi ſecundus; ergo non primus. </s> <s>Tum etiam ſecundus, ſi eſſet idem <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> forma, non eſſet ſecundus à primo diuerſus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> rationem primus eſſet, & <expan abbr="ſecũdus">ſecun<lb></lb>dus</expan>. </s> <s>Addo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> loca Alexandri, Simplicij, & Ioannis <expan abbr="Grãmatici">Grammatici</expan> operationem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel à ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia ſeparantium. </s> <s>Illud item mihi obiectum fuiſſe memini. </s> <s>Motum <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> determinari termino <lb></lb>ad quem: ſed animę functio terminatur accidente, vtputa <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> quantitate, viſio colore, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1898"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& mens forma quæ intelligi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> nihil eſt ſubſtantia, ac ſi ſubſtantia fuerit, vt eſſentia quæ <lb></lb>intelligi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>at non eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> in mente, quippe quæ aut habitudo <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſit, aut non ſine habitudi<lb></lb>ne conſiſtat. </s> <s>& ſic planè accidens eſſe functionem oportet, cùm ex accidente conſtituatur. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>verè teſtatur Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex accidente ſubſtantia conflari nequit. </s> <s>Et illud item poterit afferre <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1899"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="difficultatẽ">difficultatem</expan>, quòd forma ſit poteſtas, vt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> functionis; atqui principium melius eſſe ſolet, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> poteſtas notat imperfectionem, ſed patibilis tantùm, forma verò eſt principium agendi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attamen nil eſt quod nos à noſtra poſitione dimoueat. </s> <s>Nam dicimus; <expan abbr="etiãſi">etiamſi</expan> cogitatione functio <lb></lb>poſsit à forma ſeiungi; natura tamen non ſeparari. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> concedimus, eam ſe habere, vt accidens <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, quòd accidens addit aliquid extrinſecum ei cui accidit, hoc eſt, extra ſuæ formæ eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam, vt albedo parieti. </s> <s>At nil huiuſmodi addit functio formæ, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus, quàm priua<lb></lb>tio functionis: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> hæc indicat <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> à cauſſa extranea; <expan abbr="eamq.">eamque</expan> <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> functionis <lb></lb>& ceſſationis, non <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſecundùm rem in forma collocamus; ſed, vt dici ſolet, beneficio conno<lb></lb>tati & eius quod vnà indicatur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>diuerſus modus quo fit res, in habitu & forma ex fun<lb></lb>ctione & otio ſignificetur, quæ ſanè varietas vniuerſa, non à rei <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> natura, ſed ab externo pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1900"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ficiſcatur. </s> <s>Nam cum <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> impedimentum materiæ priuilegio redundet in <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; in materiæ verò <lb></lb>forma nil aliud ſit àc <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>; ocium hoc & ferię primum pertinent ad <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, ſecundò <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, cùm cęteroquin agere contrà ſe habeat; etenim eſt ex ipſa forma primùm, deinde re<lb></lb>ſpicit <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>: quare <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> propter materiæ <expan abbr="ſocietatẽ">ſocietatem</expan> functio ſe habet vt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ad <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà cùm functiones animi diuidantur in eas quę ſunt ex animo in corpus; & alias, quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>ex corpore in animum; quæ ſunt ex corpore actui repugnant, & ipſum vel ex parte, vel ex toto <lb></lb><expan abbr="corrũpunt">corrumpunt</expan>, vt ſomnus & mors. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ipſi compoſito extrinſecùs & aliunde adheret agere. </s> <s>Quo<lb></lb>niam igitur ex duplici natura conſtat <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, & continet quodammodò repugnantiam; inde <lb></lb>efficitur, vt in eo ſit potiſsimè ceſſatio, & operari velut accidens habeatur, quod intrinſecùs idem <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſa forma, nec vt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ad formam ſe habeat, quae non agere ex impedimento naſcatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde illa <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="oſtẽditur">oſtenditur</expan> <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> eſſe aliquid à forma ſeiunctum; <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan> ope men<lb></lb>tis adminiſtratam fuiſſe ſignificant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hinc prima obiectio tollitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> concedimus motum, <lb></lb>quatenus reſpicit <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan>, ab eius forma reipſa ſeiungi: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius natura, vt qualitatem, ſeu for<lb></lb>mam incutiat mobili, quam quidem in ſe totum ſimul habet, ſucceſsiuè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> tribuit propter con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1901"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="trariũ">trarium</expan>, quod in mobili <expan abbr="materiaq́">materiaque</expan>. </s> <s>præcedit. </s> <s>Quod item opponebatur tertio loco formam <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> <lb></lb>operetur, eſſe in potentia ad operandum, & in potentia ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum, ſic dilui poteſt. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>forma tunc imperfecta eſt, & eſt potentia quæ per <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum perficienda eſt. </s> <s>Nec ob id aſ<lb></lb>ſero, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe in potentia ad <expan abbr="operationẽ">operationem</expan>, tanquàm aliquid à ſe diſcretum, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> foret <lb></lb>accidens, ſed per accidens in potentia ad agendum; nimirùm ob <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> impedimentum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id <lb></lb>quod dicitur eam aliquando <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> agere, & tum adhuc formæ naturam conſeruare, <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> mon<lb></lb>ſtrat inter <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> & formam; non, quaſi omnib. modis idem ſint, ſed indicat ſolùm carentiam <lb></lb>perfectionis quæ per ſe adeſt <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> impedimento remoto, quam ſanè varietatem non rei, ſed conno<lb></lb>tati poſuimus. </s> <s>Quanquam ad id quae ſit accidens, quia & forma & <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> ſine operatione conſer<lb></lb>uantur, & reſponderi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ea non conſeruari; quippe quae <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> natura labefactatur: etenim vbi va<lb></lb>cent ab officio, tunc imperfecta ſunt. </s> <s>Et conuenit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicere, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum non eodem modo ſe <lb></lb>habere ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & compoſitum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> accidit <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> aliunde eſt, nec verò quia ſit acci<lb></lb>dens ſimpliciter, ſed quae <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex tota ſua natura: at cùm formæ intrinſecùs inſideat; ipſi non accidit, <lb></lb>idem ac forma exiſtens, ſicut <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, quæ ſunt in iis in quibus eſſe & eſſentia ſunt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, eſſentialia <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb>nec ab eſſentia ipſa ſeparantur, ſed non agere eſt accidens. </s> <s>Erat & illa breuior fortaſſe via ad per <pb pagenum="288"></pb>ueniendum quo volumus, quàm tenuit Ariſtoteles lib. de ſomno, qui nullum <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> concedit for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1902"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mæ quo ſit in poteſtate ad <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>, ſed rem eſſe tum decernit, cùm functio apparet. </s> <s>Atenim ſi <lb></lb>locus ſit, eſt præter naturam. </s> <s>Sic igitur operatio eſt forma in actu. </s> <s>Nec eſt quoddam <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan>, <lb></lb>veluti <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> è diuerſis eſſentiis. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquandò dicitur eſſe actu, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actus; reuera <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>eſt actus, & eius vocis abuſus, ſicuti quando nonnunquàm ab Ariſtotele dictum eſt, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">δυνάμει</foreign> .i. </s> <s>poteſtate; cùm tamen ipſa ſit verè <foreign lang="grc">δύναμις</foreign> & poteſtas, illo, vt opinor, <expan abbr="cõprehenſo">comprehenſo</expan>, cuius <lb></lb>eſt functio, quandò eſt ipſum <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, vt ſiquis ſemen diceret hominis eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud <lb></lb><expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> eſſe potentia, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> hominis: reſpiceret <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed quate<lb></lb>nus eſt cum priuatione hominis, aut <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> forma coniuncta; planius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, vt inquit Ariſtoteles, <lb></lb>tametſi homo ſimpliciter & eius eſſentia ſunt idem, nihilominus habita <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> materiæ ſenſilis ex <lb></lb>qua homo exiſtit, dicitur hominis eſſentia. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quod item opponebatur, animam alentem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fore <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1903"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſub actus primi definitione, dicimus ita fore nimirùm, ſi acceſsione ſecundi primus interiret: at <lb></lb>ſeruatur actus primus etiam ſuccedente ſecundo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id mirum tibi videatur, ſi rationem ordi<lb></lb>nis illius animaduertas: etenim prope idem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in numeris in hac re <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>: nam cum è dui<lb></lb>tate fit ternio; remanet in ternione duitas, eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ratio perit: ſic primus actus in ſecundo rema<lb></lb>net ſecundùm materiam, ratio verò qua exprimitur ille ordo, prorſus aboletur. </s> <s>Ita de genere <expan abbr="dif-ferentiaq́">dif<lb></lb>ferentiaque</expan>. </s> <s>dicendum: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quid vnum definitio per ſe, nec per ſe genus, aut <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> per ſe, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1904"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tamen & genus & differentia conſeruantur in definitione, dicas tu, ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> conſerua<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> propria <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> conſopita, & in tertiam tranſeunte quæ eſt definitio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> nos <expan abbr="mouẽt">mouent</expan> <lb></lb>auctoritates obiectæ, qui nouerimus, illum eſſe eiuſmodi <expan abbr="ſcriptorũ">ſcriptorum</expan> ſenſum quem nos ipſi profite<lb></lb>mur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> nos <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> lateat Philoponus aliquando aſſerens <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="cęleſtẽ">cęleſtem</expan> complere eius corporis <expan abbr="eſ-ſentiã">eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam</expan>, qui fortaſſe viderit <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> corporis cęleſtis ab ipſomet Ariſtotele <expan abbr="habitã">habitam</expan> fuiſſe conuer<lb></lb>ſionem in 2. libb. 7. de cęlo, vt prorſus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> dicta, vel hoc iubente noſtro præceptore, in meliorem <lb></lb><expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> accipienda eſſe credamus; ac ſi id non expreſſerint; ita voluiſſe dicere <expan abbr="oſtẽdamus">oſtendamus</expan>, talem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> primorum Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="interpretũ">interpretum</expan> ſententiæ apud nos habent, qualem <expan abbr="veterũ">veterum</expan> opinio<lb></lb>nes apud ipſum. </s> <s>Vt vltimum euertatur, aliqua prænotanda ſunt quæ cum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura concor<lb></lb>dent, & pariter cum poſitione noſtra conſentiant: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> conſilium ſit, quoad poſſumus, <lb></lb>ex ipſius naturę fundamentis exprimere <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> quæ tametſi paucis verbis <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>: at propter <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀπειριαν</foreign> interpretum, vt Ariſtotelica voce vtamur, ne <expan abbr="diſſenſionẽ">diſſenſionem</expan> vocemus; multis ambagibus <lb></lb>eſt inuoluta, quocirca <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vt euolueretur, multis <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> verbis opus fuit. </s> <s>Igitur cùm ab illis accipitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1905"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum determinari termino ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>; ſiquis non repugnet, non video primum, quomodo <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõficiatur">conficiatur</expan> <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan>: quandò animi functiones in motib. numerari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſoleant. </s> <s>Ac nos initio no<lb></lb>ſtræ methodi ſignificauimus <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> qui tractatur in phyſicis, eſſe verè <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, non metaphoricè, cu<lb></lb>iuſmodi ſunt animi functiones, & <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> functio formæ generatim. </s> <s>Quapropter etiam illa pronun<lb></lb>ciata pertinent ad veros motus, nihil attinent ad motus metaphoricos. </s> <s>Verùm ſiquis paullò per<lb></lb>uicacior illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contendat in motib. metaphoricis <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan> quandam retineri, ex quo efficia<lb></lb>tur, vt in ſuo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere ſint termini & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ideò videri termino ad quem hanc item <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> motus eſſe <expan abbr="determinandã">determinandam</expan>, audiat & hoc à nob. </s> <s>Motus initium <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe vniuſmodi: etenim <lb></lb>duplex eſt habitudo motus, vna <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ad illud à quo eſt, altera ad illud in quo. </s> <s>Fatebor igitur ter<lb></lb>minos motus pertinere ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, quippe quòd in eo fiant mutationes ex vno termino in <expan abbr="alte-rũ">alte<lb></lb>rum</expan> illi <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, nihil ad illud principium, à quo. </s> <s>Sed ita ſe habent motus iſti ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vt à quo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur in forma nulla ratio determinationis à termino ad quem petenda eſt. </s> <s>Nam, ſicuti qui al<lb></lb>befacit non afficitur, nec albus euadit, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma quę eſt in officio, à quoquam afficitur, aut <lb></lb>immurata quicquam extrinſecùs aſſumit. </s> <s>Specta obſecro <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> alentem, ipſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> facit quan<lb></lb>tum: quantitas verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> animo accedit, ſed corpori & <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>: & hæc ſunt illa quæ augentur. </s> <s>er<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1906"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>go quantitas eſt accidens corpori, non animo & formæ. </s> <s>Nec vnquam obſeruare potuiſti apud <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem, terminum ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> determinare motum, quia ſit in mouente, ſed in mobili duntaxat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tibi fortaſſe ſuccurret animus ſentiens, aut <expan abbr="intelligẽs">intelligens</expan>, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> munus in patiendo collocamus. </s> <s>ex <lb></lb>quo efficiatur etiam vt <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> officia, quia poſita ſint in <expan abbr="patiẽdo">patiendo</expan>, à termino ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> nuncupanda, <lb></lb><expan abbr="itidemq́">itidemque</expan>. </s> <s>definienda ſint. </s> <s>Neque id obſtat, quòd ille ſit motus quidem metaphoricus. </s> <s>Ita vt ſicut <lb></lb>aër à lucido metaphoricè afficitur, nihilominus ea eſt mutatio qualitatis, & accidens. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> animi <lb></lb>mutatio ab accidentis forma definiat in accidens, & proinde ſit accidens. </s> <s>Atqui hîc quoque <expan abbr="ani-maduertendũ">ani<lb></lb>maduertendum</expan> cenſeo genus <expan abbr="mutationũ">mutationum</expan> metaphoricarum vnius non eſſe rationis: ſiquidem & ſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> genus <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> aduentitiarum efficit <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> metaphoricam: at ſenſiliter aliqua mutatio <lb></lb>ſit, & habet pro ſubiecto materiam <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan>, quà ſenſilis eſt, in qua exiſtit <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> naturalis, & habi<lb></lb>litas ad formam ſenſilem accipiendam, ex quo mutatur pro naturali potentia ſenſiliter <expan abbr="accipiẽs">accipiens</expan> <lb></lb>formam. </s> <s>Quare etiam termino ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> determinari debet. </s> <s>Alterum genus eſt, vbi forma <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>excipitur; ſed ſine materia ſenſili, nec ſenſiliter. </s> <s>Quocirca non eſt vera acceptio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eiuſmodi, <lb></lb>vt aliquod <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan> afferat, ſicuti terminum, vnde ſit ſumenda determinatio. </s> <s>Nam tametſi <pb pagenum="289"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1907"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accipiens animus colorem, colorari dicitur, attamen ea non eſt denominatio, niſi ſecundùm for<lb></lb>mam quæ potius eſt ſpecies & intentio, vt aiunt, quàm res. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim ita conſiſtit in natura. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>ptereà non variat ſubiecti naturam & habilitatem ad prædicamentum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò ſpecies illa <lb></lb>verè color eſt, ſed imago, neque in vllo prædicamento propriè, ſed ſolùm ſecundùm figuram di<lb></lb>ctionis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> realiter participatur, vt dici ſolet, ſed formaliter tantùm, & potius in habitudine qua<lb></lb>dam eſt poſita, quàm in ſubiecto. </s> <s>Ex hoc etiam nodus ille difficilis expeditur in quem Latini in<lb></lb>ciderunt. </s> <s>Nam cùm determinaret Ariſtoteles animi facultates obiectis, & videretur gignens <lb></lb>quæ pars eſt alentis, indiuiduum reſpicere, quod eſt ſubſtantia, cæteræ ſenſilia aut ea quæ mente <lb></lb>concipi poſſent, quæ ſunt accidentia pro ratione termini & obiecti, potuiſſet quiſpiam ſuſpicari <lb></lb>gignentem eſſe ſentiente, aut intelligente perfectiorem, quem ſcopulum vt euitarent quidam, ita <lb></lb>reſpondebant. </s> <s>Accidens ſpectari poſſe bifariam, vel vt in materia, vel vt à materia ſecretum, & <lb></lb>dant quidem accidens in materia ſuperari à ſubſtantia; verùm ſi ſeuocetur à materia, ſuperare <lb></lb>planè perfectione ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Cùm igitur vt à materia ſegregatum informet facultatem ſen<lb></lb>tientem & intelligentem, ſubſtantia verò in materia ſit alentis obiectum, imperfectius inquiunt <lb></lb>fore alentis obiectum quàm ſentientis & intelligentis. </s> <s>Proinde ſentiens & intelligens erunt alen<lb></lb>te perfectiores. </s> <s>Sic etiam cùm ſpecies rei cuiuſpiam concipi queat, vel quatenus eſt, ſiue in ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1908"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iecto, vt accidens, ſeu per ſe, vt ſubſtantia: poſsit etiam mente comprehendi, quia referat aliquid, <lb></lb>tanquàm eius imago; quatenus habet vim referendi aliud, exiſtimant eſſe perfectius. </s> <s>Itaque per<lb></lb>fectius eſt verbi gratia lignum, vbi mente conceptum fuerit, quàm quod à natura conſtitutum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ego tamen nunquam induci poſſum, vt credam, quin ſubſtantia natura, tempore, & cognitione <lb></lb>prior ſit accidente. </s> <s>Quare cùm ſpecies (vt iſti volunt) ſit accidens, vbi cum ſubſtantia confer<lb></lb>tur; nunquàm fatebor eſſe perfectiorem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> libenter concedam imaginem eo perfectiorem <lb></lb>eſſe, cuius eſt imago, qui imaginem in aliud tendere videam, & ad aliud referri, tanquàm ad cauſ<lb></lb>ſam; neque illam quidem generis omnis, ſed formalem aut finalem, hoc eſt, perfectiſsimam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1891"></margin.target>a 1. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1892"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1893"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1894"></margin.target>b 2. de an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1895"></margin.target>c 4. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1896"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1897"></margin.target>a 3. Q 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1898"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1899"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1900"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1901"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1902"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1903"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1904"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1905"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1906"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1907"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1908"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> credam ſola imagine mentem noſtram eſſe contentam, ſed vt per ipſam rerum eſſentias aſ<lb></lb>ſequatur, & vt cum eſſentiis quæ ſunt extra mentem, copuletur. </s> <s>Id enim quod verè eſt, cogni<lb></lb>trici facultati ſubiicitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter prorſus àc pulchra fœmina, quæ, vt comatur, imaginem ſuam <lb></lb>in ſpeculo reſpicit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecus admouet manus, ac ſpeculum moueat, & ita mouet manus, vt ima<lb></lb>ginem in primis expolire videatur; re vera tamen vt ſignum eſt imago illa quę apparet in ſpecu<lb></lb>lo: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> propter ſe obſeruatur, ſed velut index eorum quæ in ſua ipſius facie pręſtare oportet. </s> <s>Ne<lb></lb>que mentem ſolis rerum imaginibus acquieſcere puto; cęteroqui fruſtra de Dea matre queſtus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1909"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuiſſet Aeneas, qui <emph type="italics"></emph>-Vbi matrem</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1909"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Agnouit. </s> <s>tali fugientem est voce ſecutus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid natum toties crudelis tu <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> falſis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ludis imaginibus? </s> <s>cur dextrę iungere dextram</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Non datur, ac veras audire & reddere voceis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nec mentem imagines perſequi cenſeo, neque, ſi ita faceret, aliter ipſi eueniret àc ſtolido illi ca<lb></lb>tulo qui carne relicta ſpeciem eius in aqua venatus eſt, & ita deluderetur, vt Orphęus, qui Eury<lb></lb>dices vmbram ab inferis accerſiuerit: magnus enim foret conatus, ſed premium certè nullum. <lb></lb></s> <s>At, inquies, ſpecies eſt magis à materia ſegregata, ergo & perfectior, & hîc negabo id ſequi com<lb></lb>motus exemplo rerum mathematicarum quæ, cùm ſuaptè natura minus concretę ſint, quàm na<lb></lb>turales; non idcirco naturalibus præferuntur, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>dabo, quòd materia minus vtitur, eſſe per<lb></lb>fectius, vbi fuerit abſolutum, & per ſe conſiſtens. </s> <s>Sic mens cęteras animi facultat eis ſuperat, & <lb></lb>ſi quod eſt aliud incorporeę ſubſtantię genus. </s> <s>At verò imago pendet ex alio, & ſine ſubiecto <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>exiſtit, vt etiam in memoria, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi reſidet ad tempus diuturnum, veluti vehiculum ſpiritus & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1910"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>humores aſſumat, quibus item ſic languidè infigitur, vt vel leui de cauſſa deleatur. </s> <s>Si ergo ſpe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1911"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cies eſt per quod, rei verò eſſentia eſt quò primùm noſtræ mentis acies intenditur; profectò res<lb></lb>erunt omni imagine perfectiores, ſicut id, ex quo aliquid pendet, eo quod ex ipſo, niſi pendeat <lb></lb>per modum ſuppoſitionis, quemadmodum forma pendet ex materia, quod ſanè in hypotheſi <lb></lb>noſtra non accidit. </s> <s>At ſpecies perficit mentem, non obiectum cuius eſt ſpecies. </s> <s>Dico, eam non <lb></lb>perficere mentem, vt per ſe, ſed in eius virtute, cuius eſt ſpecies: immò id cuius eſt ſpecies, men<lb></lb>tem perficit per ſpeciem: ſiquidem hoc ſolo, & potiſsimo omnis noſtræ <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan> intentio termine<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Idcirco quod extrinſecus eſt, mentem per ſe perficit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id forma & actus, ſiue vt ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, ſiue vt accidens. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſubſtantia ſimpliciter ſit perfectior accidente, credam ego liben<lb></lb>tiſsimè, quia non comparantur hæc eidem ſubiecto, nec indiuiduum quod gignitur, ipſi gignen<lb></lb>ti, neque forma rei quæ cognoſcitur, affert animo mutationem aliquam poteſtatis <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan>, vt fit <lb></lb>in ortu rerum naturalium, & motiones terminantur extrinſecùs, neque per realem, vt aiunt, <lb></lb>tranſmutationem formæ accedunt, iudicium de perfectione non eſſe petendum à terminis mu<lb></lb>tationum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi rurſus obiicias operationem quę ſit eiuſdem rationis cum habitu, vt cùm <pb pagenum="290"></pb>ex eius repetitione contrahitur habitus, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>in accidentium ordine reponas: etenim ſcientia & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1912"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fortitudo ſunt habitus, qualitates, & <expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan>: <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> primùm, vbi ſpecies <expan abbr="accipiãtur">accipiantur</expan> ſine materia, <lb></lb>idem eſſe facultatem, ſpeciem obiectam & <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>: deinde facultates animi eſſe in ea <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <lb></lb>quæ non deſideret aliam mutationem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, ſed poſsit accipere formam, cùm primùm <lb></lb>fuerit pręſens: itaque, vt in materia tunc eſt incurſus & appulſus intrinſecus ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & in om<lb></lb>ni potentia generatim ad actum ſuum ipſius proprium, vbi impedimenta ſublata fuerint, ſic in <lb></lb>mente ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> comprehendendam. </s> <s>Sicut ergo incurſus iſte & appulſus ad formam & actum <lb></lb>eſt, non accidens, ſed natura poteſtatis & materiæ, ſic & in mente contingit: hoc differt à materia <lb></lb>ſenſili, quòd hæc formam accipit extenſiuè; mens indiuiduè & ex obiecti ſola <expan abbr="pñtia">praesententia</expan>: forma ineſt <lb></lb>in efficiente, & ab ipſo ſegregatur, ſpecies rei cognoſcendæ reſidet in phantaſia, vel in re, cuius eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſimulachrũ">ſimulachrum</expan>: hæc eſt habitus in hoc, vt lux in ſole; habitus obiectorum eſt in phantaſia, hîc acci<lb></lb>dens, in mente eſſentia, quapropter & perfectio. </s> <s>Quanuis autem virtus extrinſecùs pendêre vi<lb></lb>deatur; attamen & ratio virtutis eſt ex animo eligente & determinante. </s> <s>Nunc electio & de<lb></lb>terminatio ſunt functiones animi proprię, ſicut ædificatoris ædificatio, & quemadmodum ædifi<lb></lb>catio ab ædificatoris eſſentia quatenus huiuſmodi non diſiungitur, niſi connotato, quanuis vta<lb></lb>tur externis, vt dictum eſt; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> operari ſecundùm virtutem, & <expan abbr="ſciẽtiam">ſcientiam</expan> differt ab animi eſſen<lb></lb>tia. </s> <s>Et planè obiecta ſunt, vt quo; virtus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & ſcientia ſecundùm quod operationes iſtæ exercen<lb></lb>tur; formæ eſt horum omnium vſus, qui ſolo connotato à forma vtente ſeparatur, dum vtens ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1913"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maduertitur, non id quo vtitur: quicquid autem adeſt perturbationis & motionis ſenſilis in illo <lb></lb>munere obeundo, miniſtris illius muneris, & inſtrumentis eſt concedendum; quæ, cùm corporea <lb></lb>ſint, ſenſiliter affici poſſunt, vtputa, fortitudo contrahitur ex eo, quae ſic aſſueſcit moueri ſanguis & <lb></lb>ſpiritus in periculis. </s> <s>Quod obiectum eſt ad extremum ſic diluitur. </s> <s>Non omnem principij ra<lb></lb>tionem ponere præſtantiam in forma, quia non omnis ratio principij ſit in forma, tanquàm agen<lb></lb>di, ſiquidem ad id quod ſubiecto ſeparatum ſit, rationem ſubeat efficientis, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>nomine ſit præ<lb></lb>ſtantior, & ad functionem propriam quæ ſola ipſa forma fundatur: habet vim <expan abbr="modumq́">modumque</expan>. </s> <s>mate<lb></lb>riæ, qui cauſſæ modus eſt omnium minimè perfectus: nanque in ipſa ineſt, vt in ſubiecto, quod <lb></lb>functio perficiat, qui cauſſæ modus eſt materiæ proprius.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1910"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>mem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1911"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1912"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1913"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur vtrùm energia pręter naturam proficiſcatur ex habitu, an illi nonnunquam antecedat: ſimul <lb></lb>etiam diſſeritur ſit'ne duplex habitus, externus .ſ. </s> <s>& internus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SEQVITVR vt exponamus nunc, vtrùm <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> energia, tametſi præter naturam, proficiſcatur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1914"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à forma; & <expan abbr="erũpat">erumpat</expan> ex habitu, an habitui ſimpliciter antecedat. </s> <s>Hîc tamen aduertere in primis <lb></lb>oportet, actum eſſe <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan>: alterum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> qui transfertur ab agente ad patiens, & in <expan abbr="patiẽte">patiente</expan> re<lb></lb>cipitur, ita ſe <expan abbr="habentẽ">habentem</expan> ad agens vt à quo, ad patiens verò, vt in quo; quemadmodum aliàs de mo<lb></lb>tu <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, ſolent verò appellare <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> hunc noſtri tranſeuntem: alterum verò qui manet in eo <lb></lb>quod agit, nec ab ipſo transfertur ad aliud, quod ſit neceſſariò diuerſum ab agente, dici nouimus <lb></lb>immanentem, primi <expan abbr="exẽplum">exemplum</expan> eſt calefactio quæ ab igni proficiſcitur ad materiam, ſecundi verò <lb></lb>imaginatio, ſpeculatio, & ſi qua ſunt hiſce conſimilia quæ <expan abbr="dialecticorũ">dialecticorum</expan> vulgus affectioneis inter<lb></lb>nas appellare conſueuit. </s> <s>Quantum ſanè pertinet ad poſteriorem actuum <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, nemo eſt qui am<lb></lb>bigere poſsit, ipſos in eo in quo ſunt, idonea nactos fuiſſe principia, vnde <expan abbr="emanẽt">emanent</expan>. </s> <s>quare tamen a<lb></lb>ctus penitus naturales, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex habitu pullulare fatear, & libens; licèt dubitem, quæ'nam ſint eius <lb></lb>interna principia, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> affecta. </s> <s>Præterà, vtnam'ne quicquam requiratur extrinſecùs <lb></lb>ad eos excitandos, an'ne ſola interna rei principia ſufficiant. </s> <s>Atqui illud de altero actu dubita<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fortè ſine aliqua diſtinctione poteſt expediri, quandò cernitur miles qui iactat lapidem <lb></lb>nulla permutatione facta circum rei ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Quocirca ſi lapidem ſexcenties in ſublime <lb></lb>proiiciat, recidet ſemper, nec vnquam aſcendendi contrahet facultatem. </s> <s>Ex altera parte ſi ignis <lb></lb>vrat ligna, fumum ſuſcitat & extollit: ita vt ſic moueatur ſecundùm naturam, & oppoſito mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1915"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tu contra naturam. </s> <s>Certè cùm item ipſa motio ſit actus mouentis, quanuis vt ab ipſo, non au<lb></lb>tem vt in ipſo; tali ratione à vi mouentis emanare ſecundùm ſuam ipſius naturam credere opor<lb></lb>tet, quicquid enim fit, à ſimili fit, quod eſt ſecundùm ſpeciem, actu, ſeu virtute, quod per motum <lb></lb>paſſo communicat eam formam quam poſsidet. </s> <s>Quare proiiciens ſurſum mouet lapidem, quia <lb></lb>virtutem habet eius loci; ſed, quia non infigitur in ſubiecto; inde eſt, vt primi mouentis quod <lb></lb>extrinſecùs eſt, vel pręſentia, vel ſaltem robore, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſemper indigeat: quare tantum extolli<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1916"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, quantum vires eius ſuſtinere poſſunt; iis langueſcentibus redit ſtatim in ſuum locum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter actus ille ſolùm comitatur habitui mouentis, nil ad id pertinens quod mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>At ignis qui excitat fumum ipſum mouet ſecundùm naturam, quia tribuit illi iam quip<lb></lb>piam formæ ſecundum quam ipſe conſcendit; ex quo motus hic à gemino habitu proficiſci<lb></lb>tur: illo ſcilicet qui eſt in mouente, atque altero qui iam à materia fumi contractus eſt. <pb pagenum="291"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1917"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> latio diſtincta eſt ab Ariſtotele, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae aliqua ſine alteratione fieret, atque alia cum alteratione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1918"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>intelligente <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan>, <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> <expan abbr="potẽtię">potentię</expan> de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ; nam quae potentiæ quę ſo<lb></lb>lùm eſt ipſius vbi, mutetur, planè liquet, cùm modò ſit in leuium loco quod ante in medio mundi <lb></lb>quieſcebat; de qua mutatione cum <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> fiat, quod nuper à nob. </s> <s>expoſitum eſt, <expan abbr="nẽpè">nempè</expan> quòd <lb></lb>aliquid mutati eſſe, & habitus illi præcedat, vniuersè <expan abbr="cõcludere">concludere</expan> licebit. </s> <s>Omnem actum ex habitu <lb></lb>emanare; non tamen <expan abbr="vnumquenq.">vnumquenque</expan> actum in eo quod mouetur, ab eius ipſius habitu proficiſci, <lb></lb>quippe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſariò ab habitu qui ſit de prędicamento ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>At verò quoniam inde cœpit <lb></lb>oratio noſtra, vt actus in duo membra partiremur, in immanenteis videlicet, & <expan abbr="trãſeunteis">tranſeunteis</expan>: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>nos latet, viros eruditiſsimos <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> non approbaſſe quę <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> trita & peruulgata eſſet. <lb></lb></s> <s>age videamus, an'ne ratione oppoſitæ valeant nos de hac firma ſententia dericere. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>opponitur Ariſtotelem, ne <expan abbr="verbũ">verbum</expan> quidem vſquam feciſſe locorum de tali genere affectionum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde, quae inanis eſſet ea diſtinctio, quandoquidem nullus eſt actus, cui vel non ſupponatur in <lb></lb>ſubiecto recipiendi ratio vel is ab externa cauſſa non excitetur: quare aut <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> intrinſeci pariter <lb></lb>habendi erunt, aut contrà <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> externi. </s> <s>Quòd niſi reperiant in ſubiecto certam recipiendi <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, <lb></lb>fore <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan>, vt demonſtrationis aſſumptio medio vacatura non ſit: quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nexus intercedit inter <lb></lb>extrinſecùm <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubiectum? </s> <s>Attamen nos & neceſſariam <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> <expan abbr="probeq́">probeque</expan>. </s> <s>allatam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1919"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuiſſe credimus, & ab Ariſtotele quoque <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> prætermiſſam. </s> <s>Iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non apparet motus lapidis à <lb></lb>proiiciente, apparet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nulla antecedente affectione materiæ <expan abbr="cõcuſsio">concuſsio</expan> quæ fit à vento, <expan abbr="nulloq́ue">nulloque</expan> <lb></lb>præeunte mobilis ipſius impulſu, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> paullò ante dictum eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id dubitatur. </s> <s>Riſus <lb></lb>imaginatio, ſpeculatio ſunt affectiones internæ. </s> <s>Ex actionib. item nonnullæ ſunt quæ relinquunt <lb></lb>opus, vbi abſolutæ fuerint, aliæ rurſus opere non definiuntur; priores extrinſecæ ſunt, intrinſecæ <lb></lb>poſteriores. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſignificarit eas Ariſtoteles, ſatis liquet, vbi diſcrimen attulit inter <foreign lang="grc">ποιησιν</foreign><lb></lb>.i. </s> <s>factionem & <foreign lang="grc">πράξιν</foreign>, hoc eſt actionem. </s> <s>Prætereà, vbi collocauit humanam <expan abbr="beatitudinẽ">beatitudinem</expan> in eo <lb></lb>ſubiecto, vnde ab externis caſib. labefactari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in vita quæ quidem in actione pone<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1920"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>retur. </s> <s>Illud etiam Peripateticum, Dei O. M. functionem ab extrinſeco non pendêre, cùm in ipſo <lb></lb>tria hæc idem ſint omnib. modis, <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan>, facultas & actus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illius functio reſpiciat aliud vllo <lb></lb>pacto, ſed in ipſo verſetur. </s> <s>Idcircò falſum illud arbitror quod aduerſarij ſibi ſumunt: Ariſtote<lb></lb>lem ne verbo quidem tenus, tale <expan abbr="actuũ">actuum</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="affectionũ">affectionum</expan> genus indicaſſe. </s> <s>Falſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> illud, quae <lb></lb>ea diſtinctio vana ſit, immò neceſſaria maximè, & à <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura deducta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> par eſt omnium <lb></lb>ratio: ſiquidem ex his nonnullæ ſint <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <foreign lang="grc">πάθι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>affectiones quæ <expan abbr="nõdum">nondum</expan> ſeparatæ ſunt ab agen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1921"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te, nec ſunt in facto eſſe, verùm in fieri, vt ſolet dici: quædam ſunt in facto eſſe, & permanentes; <lb></lb>neque ob id intrinſecæ; aut extrinſecæ dicuntur, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pendeant quodammodo ab externo, ſed <lb></lb>quae ab ipſo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pendeant, quia fiant; veluti calor inferro qui pendet ab igni, quod ſi tollas ab igni, <lb></lb>protinus amittit calorem: id verò contingit, ſiquando naſcantur ex habitu, qui ſit de prædica<lb></lb>mento ſubſtantię: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & viſio pendet ab obiecto, tamen ab Ariſtotele numeratur in iis <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <lb></lb>idem eſt opus & actio. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item neceſſe eſt, vt diximus, omnem <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> deſiderare impulſum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1922"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſiue <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> ſubſtantiæ in ſubiecto; cùm poſsit aliquis actus ineſſe præter naturam. </s> <s>“Teſtimonio <lb></lb>ſunt Ariſtotelis verba dicentis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoruncunq.">Quoruncunque</expan> igitur aliud quiddam præter vſum eſt, id quod <lb></lb>fit, <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> actus in eo quod fit, eſt, vt ædificatio in eo quod ædificatur, & contextio in eo quod con<lb></lb>texitur: ſimiliter & de aliis, & omnino motus in moto. </s> <s>Quorum verò non eſt aliud opus pręter <lb></lb>actionem, in ipſiſmet actio eſt, vt viſus in vidente, & ſpeculatio in ſpeculante, & <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> in anima”: <lb></lb>quare & beatitudo etiam; vita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ipſa quædam eſt. </s> <s>Et ſunt hæc natura & his poſtremis vni<lb></lb>uerſis habitus ſupponitur, vt ſpeculanti doctrina, ſentienti ſenſus, & animus viuenti: in illis eſt <lb></lb>planè aliquid facti de ſuo prædicamento, quod pręſefert vim habitus; verùm, quae habitus ad ſum<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1923"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mum non fuerit productus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>dum mutata eſt ipſa ſubſtantia, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex toto; à ſeipſo verò <lb></lb>promoueri non poſsit; flagitat pręſentiam <expan abbr="generãtis">generantis</expan>, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ab ipſo operante ſubiecto ſegregatur, <lb></lb>& in alio eſt actio, in alio verò actus ille qui eſt motionis <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>. </s> <s>quod & <foreign lang="grc">ποιημα & πάθος</foreign> ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diuerſa ratione, ſed vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> re tamen appellatur. </s> <s>Quid obſecro apertius afferri potuit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1924"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnde talis functionum diſtinctio perſpiceretur? </s> <s>quid item clarius quàm quae ex eo, quia non pen<lb></lb>deat ab externo, dum fit; nuncupetur actus internus? </s> <s>quando non obſtat viſio quæ nihilominus <lb></lb>pendet ab obiecto, quae non pendet ab ipſo, quia fiat, ſimul <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> viſio fit, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>facta eſt, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>requirit agens, à quo <expan abbr="deducendũ">deducendum</expan> ſit patiens de <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> eſſentiali ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>; cùm habitus totus actio<lb></lb>ni ſupponatur. </s> <s>Ita ergo dicemus. </s> <s>Vbi ſupponitur habitus, actio non pendet ab externo in eo quae <lb></lb>fiat, ſed fit & facta eſt, & cùm oriatur ex habitu; ideò iure optimo cenſetur interna. </s> <s>Hoc nomi<lb></lb>ne eclipſis, licet ex alio pendeat, erit interna affectio, & motus hypeccaumatis in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> erit exter<lb></lb>na. </s> <s>quoniam priuatio luminis & ſimul fit, & facta eſt, ſicut illuminatio, & in eo corpore eſt habi<lb></lb>litas ad lumen & tenebras, atque illa quidem vniuerſa, non ex parte; ad has quidem ex propria <lb></lb>natura; ad illud verò quoniam reſpicit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> pręſtantiorem, non aliter àc de appetitu cum ani<lb></lb>malis, tum etiam materiæ dici conſuerit, qui <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> propriam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> propendent ad malum, <pb pagenum="292"></pb>& non ens; attamen accipiunt etiam bonum, quia ſimul præſtantiori facultati miniſtrant. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1925"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>certè duæ ſunt affectiones quę ſimpliciter internę ſint, vna <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in naturalibus, altera in ſepara<lb></lb>tis à materia, & inter affectioneis <expan abbr="mortaliũ">mortalium</expan> quies vna contenta eſt habitu cui manet adfixa, ex al<lb></lb>tero ordine ſolus Deus ex alio nullo pendet, reliqua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quoquomodo reſoluuntur in externa. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem ex his perſpicuè liquet aliquam <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> eſſe internam, cùm ſint hę duæ ſine con<lb></lb>trouerſia ſimpliciter internæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nihil actioni internæ repugnat eſſe ab externo, modo non fiat <lb></lb>per parteis, & habitus de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ præcedat, tum externa erit, ſi per parteis fiat, <lb></lb>nec habitus. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis obiiciat in agente coloris actum à quo pellucidum moueri oportet, & <lb></lb>extrinſecùs abſolui defendat; vnde non eſſe illum in colore proprium & <expan abbr="inſitũ">inſitum</expan>, addo etiam non <lb></lb>conuenire cum forma, quia per ſeipſum non habeat vim mouendi, ſed lumen requiratur à quo <lb></lb>deduci queat ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, neque fortè ſolùm præparet illi medium, ſed vires addat ex potentia viſili <lb></lb>faciens actu viſile, & ex eo quae poſsit mouere <expan abbr="pellucidũ">pellucidum</expan>, vt ipſum moueat; dicam hîc ego primùm <lb></lb>ea quæ dicta ſunt, pertinere ad illa quæ ſunt in agente, vt ſubiecto, & ita ſe habere actum coloris, <lb></lb>quatenus in ipſo eſt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> nos ante conſtituimus; in oppoſitione verò ſumi actum, non <lb></lb>vt in ipſo, ſed vt ab ipſo ad aliud: deinde <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> & patiens accipi cum iis omnib. adnexis quæ in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb>munere fungendo deſiderantur, & lumen <expan abbr="referã">referam</expan> ad aliquod adnexum, ſine quo color, & ſi talem <lb></lb>habet vim ingenitam, nihilominus <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſuum exercere non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſeu cum agente, ſiue cum patien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1926"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te concurrat, aliud erit differendi tempus. </s> <s>His ſtantib. ad oppoſita reſpondemus. </s> <s>Nam primùm <lb></lb>negatur Ariſtotelem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> meminiſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> voluiſſe duplex <expan abbr="affectionũ">affectionum</expan> genus. </s> <s>Ad 2. verò, quoniam <lb></lb>fides eius argumenti aſſumptionis probatione fundatur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>demonſtrationis <expan abbr="aſsũptio">aſsumptio</expan> non ſit <lb></lb>medio caritura. </s> <s>Dicimus ſatis eſſe nonnunquàm, ſi propoſitio medio vacet, neque in omnibus <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="propoſitionẽ">propoſitionem</expan> ſine medio quæri. </s> <s>Certè ſi reperiatur aſſumptio quæ medio vacet; vtique <lb></lb>ſcientia certiſsima fuerit, quia tamen in omnib. non eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> perſpicuitatis gradus, ſat habebimus, <lb></lb>ſi cauſſa quæ <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan> in propoſitione, ſit medio vacans, vt, ſiquis ita concludat. </s> <s>Quod rapi<lb></lb>tur à cęlo, mouetur in gyrum. </s> <s>Hypeccauma rapitur à cęlo, & ea quæ <expan abbr="ſeq.">ſeque</expan> Et tamen illa eius <expan abbr="euẽ-ti">euen<lb></lb>ti</expan> cauſſa certiſsima eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> proptereà talis eſt natura hypeccaumatis, niſi naturam pro quauis <lb></lb>poteſtate ſumpſeris, qua ratione quicquid ineſt in aliquo, in illo ineſt, quia <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>ineſſe. </s> <s>Quod certè ſi detur huiuſmodi fore, <expan abbr="qualecunq.">qualecunque</expan> ſit, & ex hoc ipſo omnis affectio repute<lb></lb>tur interna; nihil moror. </s> <s>Sed ſi rem exquiſitè tractare placet, huiuſmodi actionum genus extrin<lb></lb>ſecum eſt habendum.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1927"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1914"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1915"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1916"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1917"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1918"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>an. </s> <s>in <lb></lb>fine.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1919"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1920"></margin.target>b 1. Eth. <lb></lb>Cc. 7. & 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1921"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1922"></margin.target>c 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1923"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1924"></margin.target>d 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1925"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1926"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1927"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur quemadmodum facultas omnis actum reſpiciat cui ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NVNC videndum eſſet è quónam genere cauſſæ ſit illa poteſtas quæ reſpicit actum cui ſup<lb></lb>ponitur, vt poteſtas diuidendi in continuo quod poſteà diuiditur, & contemplandi in ho<lb></lb>mine qui <expan abbr="contẽplatur">contemplatur</expan>, & vrendi in igni qui aliquando <expan abbr="cõburet">comburet</expan>. </s> <s>Neque. </s> <s>n. eodem pacto eſt pote<lb></lb>ſtas in igni, ſi referas ad lignum, & ſi referas ad ipſummet ignim: ſiquidem ad <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> ſit actuoſa: <lb></lb>at non fortè ſic ad ignim habenda eſt. </s> <s>Veruntamen hoc antequàm à nob. </s> <s>tractetur illud flagita<lb></lb>re poſſet, vt intelligatur. </s> <s>An'ne <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> poteſtas ad actum neceſſariò perducenda ſit; quod item plu<lb></lb>rimum conferet ad ea cognoſcenda quæ de poteſtate ſimpliciter ab Ariſtotele, <expan abbr="cęteriſq́">cęteriſque</expan>. </s> <s>philoſo<lb></lb>phis, & in <expan abbr="cõtinui">continui</expan> diuiſione, & in animi functionib. paſsim recepta fuiſſe nouimus, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cum his <lb></lb>ſermonibus qui vniuerſales ſunt, perbellè conueniet. </s> <s>Nam, tametſi ab Ariſtotele tanquàm vſu <lb></lb>& experientia <expan abbr="cõprobata">comprobata</expan> ſumuntur, vt pro <expan abbr="cõpertis">compertis</expan> & indemonſtrabilibus. </s> <s>haberi debeant; non <lb></lb>paucis tamen difficultatib. opprimuntur. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> generatim. </s> <s>An'ne facultas <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>perducatur, ita vt ab actu ſuo conſummetur. </s> <s>Tum deinde ſit'ne actus eiuſdem cuius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> poteſtas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1928"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe accipitur, quemadmodum aliquando accepit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> probaturus <expan abbr="ſomnũ">ſomnum</expan> eſſe affectio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1929"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem coniuncti, non animi, aut corporis ſeorſum. </s> <s>Nam de primo poſſet facile dubitare quiſpiam, <lb></lb>ſit'ne, vt fertur, ex iis quæ docet Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Fieri <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poſſe inquit, vt hæc veſtis incidatur, quę ta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1930"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>men non incidetur, verùm prius conteretur. </s> <s>Necnon vbi ponit <expan abbr="differẽtiam">differentiam</expan> inter fore & futurum <lb></lb>eſſe. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam futurum eſſe, <foreign lang="grc">ἐσόμενον</foreign> ipſe vocat, dicitur de iis quæ futurum reſpicientia tempus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1931"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> aliquandò ſunt proditura. </s> <s>Fore autem, quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">μέλλεν</foreign> de iis quæ <expan abbr="ſpectãt">ſpectant</expan> ſanè tempus <lb></lb>futurum, ſed non neceſſariò prorumpent in actum. </s> <s>Rurſus non deſunt actus qui poteſtatibus re<lb></lb>pugnent. </s> <s>ſiquidem corpus album poſsit eſſe nigrum, tamen album <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> poteſt fieri nigrum, ſic <lb></lb>homo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> fieri cadauer: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen vnquàm <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe cadauer: eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in adiecto repugnantia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tertiò poteſtates, aut ſunt actuoſæ, aut patibiles. </s> <s>Accipio poteſtateis patibileis, obiicere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> licet <lb></lb>nonnullas ex his quę nunquam perueniunt ad actus, vt puta <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> in continuo; nunquàm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>continuum erit in infinitum actu diuiſum. </s> <s>Prætereà cęlum, cùm ſit corpus, eſt diuiduum; non <lb></lb>tamen patitur ſe diuidi. </s> <s>Item ſentiendi facultas in toto exiſtit, & ex toto eſt huiuſmodi, vt per <lb></lb>ſe videat ſi illi obiectum viſile offeratur: tamen in manu non videt. </s> <s>Ab actuoſis autem ſumo in <pb pagenum="293"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1932"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantiam contra <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan> partem huius theorematis qua demonſtrandum ſuſcepimus actum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe eiuſdem cuius eſt poteſtas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> actus actuoſæ poteſtatis eſt in patiente, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in agente: <lb></lb>velut ignis <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> conuertere aquam in ſe alterum <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> producendo ſuam formam & <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> actum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare actus ignis non erit in igni, ſed in aqua: proptereà non erit in eodem ſubiecto in quo eſt <lb></lb>poteſtas. </s> <s>Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> de primo capite loquens ponebat differentias quaſdam inter potentiam & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1933"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſsibilitatem, inter alias verò illa erat, <expan abbr="poſsibilitatẽ">poſsibilitatem</expan> non neceſſariò referri ad actum, ſicuti poten<lb></lb>tiam quæ niſi prodeat in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſiue in indiuiduo, ſiue in ſpecie, fruſtra ſit. </s> <s>Nam in vino eſt poſsi<lb></lb>bilitas, vt fiat acetum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen potentia: quocirca prohiberi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ne fiat acetum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <lb></lb>reſponderet eas quæ non erumpunt in actum, non eſſe potentias, ſed poſsibilitates. </s> <s>Ariſtotelem <lb></lb>verò loqui de potentiis. </s> <s>Poteſt fieri vt verborum locuples ſit Arabum lingua, & varietate vocis <lb></lb>ambiguitatem tollat. </s> <s>Sed in hoc Gręcia verborum inops eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod aliquomodo poſ<lb></lb>ſe includit, ſiue vt indeterminatum, ſiue etiam, vt remotè, aut proximè, aut quae poteſtatem inclu<lb></lb>dat agendi (virtutem Latinè diceres) aut patiendi, nomine communi <foreign lang="grc">δυνάμεως</foreign> explicatum fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe ſcimus. </s> <s>Veruntamen etiam poſsibilitas iſta Auerrois videtur cum aliqua poteſtatis ſpecie con<lb></lb>uenire quæ item actu terminetur. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> valet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod <foreign lang="grc">ἀοριστίαν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>infinitatem, & <foreign lang="grc">ἐνδεχόμε<lb></lb>νον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>contingens, ſeu poteſtatem remotam vocat Ariſtoteles, vt veſtis quæ poteſt incidi & non in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1934"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cidi, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>incidi, aut non incidi contingit. </s> <s>quam etiam poſthàc in actum redigi dicemus. </s> <s>Sim<lb></lb>plicius, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dum explicaret, quemadmodum animus eſſet actus primus, aſſerebat omnem faculta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1935"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽ">tem</expan>, vbi feriaretur, eſſe fruſtra. </s> <s>Vnde etiam, ſcriptor ille autumabat animum ſemper eſſe in actu <lb></lb>ſecundo: quocirca propoſitio noſtra apud illum effati <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> obtineret. </s> <s>Attamen in ſomnis, quia <lb></lb>vacat animus (ſaltem ſenſitrice ita ſe habente. </s> <s>nam de mente, quid <expan abbr="ſentiendũ">ſentiendum</expan> ſit, nihil experien<lb></lb>tia monſtrat, quod à phyſico ſumi queat) dicere eam eſſe fruſtra, non admodum conuenit. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſic in dimidio temporis animus fruſtra eſſet. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd alentis <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> eſt augere, quando non <lb></lb>auget, eam aſſeuerare fruſtra eſſe, periculoſum eſt. </s> <s>Nos igitur, poſtquàm his non ſucceſsit, alia <lb></lb>aggrediamur via. </s> <s>Non licet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> dirimere <expan abbr="controuerſiã">controuerſiam</expan>, niſi anteà de actu & poteſtate diſtingua<lb></lb>mus per ſuos modos qui ſanè plures <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, facilè <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ad hæc capita referentur. </s> <s>Scire igitur licet <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="potẽtiã">potentiam</expan>, aut eſſe certo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> actu <expan abbr="determinatã">determinatam</expan>, aut indefinitam, & ſpectare oppoſita: <expan abbr="determinatã">determinatam</expan> <lb></lb>verò eſſe, vel <expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan>, vel plurimùm euenire, quæ verò indefinitè & vtrunlibet, raróue <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan>, per <lb></lb><expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> quæ potius <expan abbr="cõtingentis">contingentis</expan> nomine notantur. </s> <s>Secundò monemus <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> inter <lb></lb>ſe reſpicere: <expan abbr="qr̃">quaeritur</expan> item aſſequi <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> attributa pro portione: vt, ſi actus perfectus fuerit, & poteſtas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1936"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perfecta erit, ſi actus imperfectus; imperfecta <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poteſtas futura ſit. </s> <s>Actum verò <expan abbr="per-fectũ">per<lb></lb>fectum</expan> vocat Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> rei quę ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> parte ſimul <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>, vt hominis, equi, ędificij; imperfectum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1937"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rei quę in ſucceſsione poſita eſt, vt motus, diei, & ludi, quorum partes vnà conſiſtere nequeunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>imperfectus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſt indeterminatus, vt, qui contradicentib. implicatur & <expan abbr="repugnãtia">repugnantia</expan> concluditur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic ergo poteſtas quæ reſpicit <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> actum qui imperfectus eſt, imperfecta eſt habenda: ea verò <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>dirigitur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> illum integrum & <expan abbr="permanẽtem">permanentem</expan>, perfecta perhibetur. </s> <s>Hæc potentia rurſus, aut <lb></lb>eſt abſoluta, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in reb. neceſſariis, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> manet <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> cum actu coniuncta: quapro<lb></lb>pter dici ſolet in iis <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe poſſe cum eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> Gandauenſis in <expan abbr="potẽtiis">potentiis</expan> eſſentialib. repoſuit, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan> vocauit, non quae eſſet ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, nec quae eſſe in officio ſit <expan abbr="eſsẽtiale">eſsentiale</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> poſſe .i. </s> <s>accidens: <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="ſeipsã">ſeipsam</expan> res <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eſt in officio, niſi impediatur, ſed quae <expan abbr="pẽdet">pendet</expan> ex <expan abbr="eſsẽtiæ">eſsentiæ</expan> principiis, aut igitur <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan> ab<lb></lb>ſoluta poteſtas, aut aliquib. reſtricta conditionib. vt puta, quia conſequatur <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> per certa <expan abbr="in-ſtrumẽta">in<lb></lb>ſtrumenta</expan>, velut facultas <expan abbr="vidẽdi">videndi</expan> per oculos, aut color <expan abbr="mouẽdi">mouendi</expan> perſpicuum per lumen, aut per cer<lb></lb>tum modum, vt in cęlo eſt diuiſio, non quòd pars à parte ſubiecto ſeparetur, ſed priuilegio mo<lb></lb>tus, quòd velocius hæc pars altera moueatur, aut per deſignationem, vt aiunt, <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1938"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione, ſi qua facultas ſit fons & origo plurium actuum, vt valens nutriendi, <expan abbr="ſibiq́">ſibique</expan>. </s> <s>ſimile pro<lb></lb>pagandi, atque hæc officia certis & ſtatis temporibus extent, id quod in actibus quorum hi ſunt <lb></lb>miniſtri, illi verò architectones & auctores, certa illa tempora deſiderantur, ſi facultas in <lb></lb>actum deducenda ſit. </s> <s>Cùm item ſit eadem proportio poteſtatis ad actum quæ eſt materiæ ad <lb></lb>formam; poteſtatem materiæ tribui placet, actum verò formæ, vt cùm enſis ex ferro fieri, & <lb></lb>non fieri queat; non accipiam ſic potentiam, vt eam in enſe ſim collocaturus, ſed hoc attribu<lb></lb>tum inferro ponam, quòd ex illo enſis fieri, aut non fieri poſsit: nec tum ego, cùm materia <lb></lb>prior origine ſit, atque communior, eodem quoque pacto poteſtatem ſe habere ad actum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter, vt in materia infinitas, & neceſsitas ſuppoſitionis ab Ariſtotele ponitur, ſic etiam <lb></lb>de poteſtatis natura dicimus. </s> <s>Atque hoc illud eſt quod mea quidem ſententia, nobis illa ſua <lb></lb>poſsibilitate ſignificauit Auerroës. </s> <s>Hæc item continet primam & ſecundam, de quibus in <lb></lb>hoc libro paſsim verba fiunt, cui reſpondent actus primus & ſecundus: & eam quæ eſt ad <lb></lb>agendum, & patiendum, & quę eſt ad agendum, actu determino, quę eſt actio vt ab illo, & tranſ<lb></lb>mutatio alterius, quatenus alterum eſt, vt ſubiecti, non forma quam agens inducit, dum <lb></lb>agit: eſt enim illa ſpecies & finis; nec ea quam habet agens: quinimmo ea eſt agentis ipſius ratio. <pb pagenum="294"></pb>Proptereà corruit illa poteſtas obiectiua Scoti, ſed via per quam materię poteſtas euehitur ad for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1939"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mam; tota & indiuidua manet in eo à quo eſt: per ſucceſsionem & extentionem producitur in <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>Proinde efficacitas gemina poteſtate fundatur, altera interna quæ eſt forma ipſius effi<lb></lb>cientis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera externa quę nititur ipſa materia. </s> <s>conſimiliter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in materia potentia duplex, <lb></lb>vna qua patitur ab efficiente, altera ad <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, quę eſt ad eſſe: tametſi idem reapſe ſunt, quòd <lb></lb>formam patiendo accipit, & fit compoſitum. </s> <s>In fine & efficiente eſt <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἐνέργητικὸν, & τὸ δρα<lb></lb>στικὸν</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> quod in fine eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἡγεμονικὸν</foreign> in efficiente eſt <foreign lang="grc">ὑπηρετικὸν</foreign>. </s> <s>finis imperat abſolutè, ef<lb></lb>ficiens agit gratia finis: ex his exiſtit habitudo inter efficiens & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> verę poteſtatis in<lb></lb>cluſa, & poteſtas ambiguè dicetur, nimirùm <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελέχεια</foreign>, quemadmodum lib. 3. de Cęlo T. 28. <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> finis mouet, id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod mouetur, habet per rationem poteſtatis, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> motus eſt me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1940"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>taphoricus: ſit & illa in efficiente poteſtas metaphorica de qua nil agitur hoc loco. </s> <s>Poſtremò po<lb></lb>teſtas omnis, aut ad vniuerſale, aut indiuiduum pertinet; vt animalis eſt generare, vel Socratis. <lb></lb></s> <s>His ita conſtitutis aimus, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> potentias naturæ curſu referri ad actus, ſed ſi addantur huiuſmodi <lb></lb>leges, vt ad illos perducantur, quos ipſæ reſpiciunt, qui ſecum pro portione <expan abbr="cõgruant">congruant</expan>, eo modo, <lb></lb>atque iis impoſitis conditionibus <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſunt in potentia; nempè potentia perfecta ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="perfe-ctũ">perfe<lb></lb>ctum</expan>, & quæ ſimpliciter ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſimpliciter, & contracta, & limitata ad <expan abbr="conſimilẽ">conſimilem</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> promouea<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1941"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, vt ſi per hoc inſtrumentum, illo pręſente perueniat ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>: aut ſi in cęlo poteſtas eſt diuiden<lb></lb>di per deſignationem, actus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ex deſignatione pendeat. </s> <s>Adiicimus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in indiuiduo non eſſe ab<lb></lb>ſurdum, ſi potentia fruſtretur, abſurdum verò eſſe ſi fruſtretur in vniuerſali. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò <lb></lb>cùm vniuerſale ſit genus, aut ſpecies; non veritus eſt Pomponatius concedere, etiam fieri poſſe, <lb></lb>vt potentia fruſtretur in ſpecie; ac ſatis eſſe, ſi non fruſtretur in genere ſolùm, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>exemplo con<lb></lb>firmat; quandò homo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> appetere immortalitatem, quam <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> non adipiſcitur, & mulus appetit <lb></lb>generationem ſibi ſimilem, tamen plurimùm non conſequitur, & talpa oculos habet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen <lb></lb>videt. </s> <s>Atqui ægrè admodum Pomponatio crederem, quia ſpecies præſegerit, vt illi opinantur, <lb></lb>neceſsitatem <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>: non ergo videtur vniuerſa poſſe fruſtrari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtant exempla, tum quae <lb></lb>appetitus in homine <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemper rectus eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> naturalis; rectus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> is ſolus eſt qui à <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> guber<lb></lb>natur, non <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> verò fruſtrari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt inconueniens: at rectus non fruſtratur; hic eſt, vt immorta<lb></lb>litatem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in indiuiduo, ſed in ſpecie <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan>, & ipſe ſic fiat immortalis, quae imitetur D. O. M. <lb></lb>qui immortalis eſt, contemplando: tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à corpore & indiuiduis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> caducis naturis quodam<lb></lb>modo ſeparatur, niſi putes Ariſtotelem aut vnam <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> mentem poſuiſſe, vt cenſuit <lb></lb>Arabs, aut veritatem <expan abbr="catholicã">catholicam</expan> Ariſtoteli notam fuiſſe fatearis. </s> <s>Quod item de muli appetitu ad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1942"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcripſit, & de facultate cernendi quæ fruſtra videtur eſſe in talpa: dicimus illa item <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe natu<lb></lb>ralia, nec à perfectione, ſed à vitio proficiſci: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mulus & talpa in natura <foreign lang="grc">πυρώματα</foreign>, nec ſpe<lb></lb>cies perfectæ; at nos ea capimus quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habent, & agimus de facultatibus quæ <lb></lb>curſum naturæ tenent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò dico has ſpecies eſſe oblęſas, & imperfectas ſecundùm eſſe, & <lb></lb>contrà <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> affectas (nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tale <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe perpetuum) ſed ad animal <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, quia non ſunt capa<lb></lb>ces illius perfectionis quàm natura tolerat animalis, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quae imperfectio duo reſpicit, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb>.ſ. </s> <s>& formam, ſpecies ex eſſentiæ perfectione ſolet æſtimari, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>adeſt, quæ poſita eſt in certa ra<lb></lb>tione partium formæ, quod eſt in corpore <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan> id redundat in principia materiæ ex qua ſpeciei <lb></lb>deprauatio non exiſtit. </s> <s>At, inquit, oculos habent. </s> <s>fruſtra igitur. </s> <s>Reſpondeo oculos eſſe ambiguè, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> huic muneri deſtinatos à natura, ſed eſſe notas quaſdam, quæ oriuntur ex neceſsitate mate<lb></lb>rię, vt in viro mammę; harum ſi munus eſt <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan>, non ideò fruſtra ſunt, ſed ſi cui officio delega<lb></lb>tæ forent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pręſtarent, tum ſanè fruſtra datę fuiſſent. </s> <s>Proptereà credo tutius defendi, ſpeciei <lb></lb>poteſtatem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe fruſtrari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eodemq́">Eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo cùm ab vna poteſtate multa manent officia, præ<lb></lb>ſertim ſi fuerint ordinata; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> arbitror fruſtra <expan abbr="ponendã">ponendam</expan> eſſe poteſtatem quę non fungatur vniuer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1943"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſis; verùm id ſufficere, ſi modò hoc, mox alio fungatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="alẽtem">alentem</expan> imperfectam eſſe puto, niſi <lb></lb>gignat, ſed ſat eſt, ſi nutriat, aut augeat, & ſentiens, ſi nunc videat, audiat aliàs. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ad obiectio<lb></lb>neis ſic reſpondemus, <expan abbr="primumq́">primumque</expan>. </s> <s>ad eas quas accepimus è lib. <foreign lang="grc">περὶ ἑρμ.</foreign>. </s> <s>& lib. de Diuin. </s> <s>dicimus <lb></lb>cum actum, tum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="indefinitã">indefinitam</expan>, & poteſtatem illam referri ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, qui contradi<lb></lb>ctione continetur, & hęc eſt potentia <expan abbr="contingentiũ">contingentium</expan>: reſpicit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus oppoſitos, vnde ſicut hæc ve<lb></lb>ſtis incidi, aut non incidi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> incidetur, aut non: & habet hic actus veritatem quæ in con<lb></lb>iunctione poſita eſt, ſeparatim verò incidi, aut non, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideòq́">Ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>nos monuit Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>in contingentib. non eſſe <expan abbr="determinatã">determinatam</expan> <expan abbr="affirmationẽ">affirmationem</expan>, vel negationem ſeorſum, ſed coniunctim. <lb></lb></s> <s>Similis eſt non poteſtatis in habitibus animi & materia, quantum eſt de eo, quae hunc vel <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> <lb></lb>actum reſpiciant ſimpliciter, & quoad <expan abbr="euentũ">euentum</expan>: verùm ſi ordo naturæ ſpectetur, non vniuſmodi <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> notatur, alterum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex oppoſitis ex natura, & per ſe reſpiciunt, alterum præter naturam & per <lb></lb>accidens, ac materia quidem eſſe per ſe reſpicit, non eſſe per accidens, & medicina ſalutem per ſe <lb></lb>expetit, per accidens in ægritudine verſatur. </s> <s>Et, vt monſtrabat Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tametſi poteſtates <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1944"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oppoſita ſimul reſpiciant, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> ſucceſsiuè <expan abbr="accipiũt">accipiunt</expan>, nec alteruter <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> fallit, & ille potiſsimè <pb pagenum="295"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1945"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in quem primùm poteſtas inſtituitur. </s> <s>Ad tollendam alteram dubitationem ſtatuamus antè <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>& poteſtatem repugnare formaliter: etenim actus eſt ens, potentia non ens: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> actu aduenien<lb></lb>te <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <expan abbr="corrũpitur">corrumpitur</expan>, quam tamen nihil prohibet, quominus ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> conſeruetur, ex <lb></lb>quo fit vnum per ſe è poteſtate & actu. </s> <s>Quòd ſi actus in eo dicitur eſſe, in quo ſit potentia, non <lb></lb>ſic intelligitur, quia ſint vnà poteſtas & actus; verùm quae actui poteſtas anteceſſerit. </s> <s>ita nigrum eſt <lb></lb>poteſtate album, non quae album ſit ſimul & <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contraria conſtant, ſed quoniam albo <lb></lb>nigrum præiuit, & <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> ratio fuit, per quam <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> nigri conuerteretur in album, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> ni<lb></lb>grum non accipitur pro eo quod denominat, ſed pro eo quod denominatur, quod eſt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> albo ſuccedente nigrum ſeruatur, cùm ſit illud ex quo tanquam non <expan abbr="remanẽte">remanente</expan> fit album. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fallaciæ genus, vt mea fert opinio, eſt ſecundùm figuram dictionis, & cauſſa eſt. </s> <s>quoniam com<lb></lb>mutatur id quod notat, quod eſt <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>, in id quod notatur quod eſt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> cuius nota <expan abbr="concretũ">concretum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, & <foreign lang="grc">περώνυμον</foreign>. </s> <s>Non me latet, dialecticos hoc fallaciæ genus ita expreſsiſſe, quae eſſet fallacia, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>acciperetur in ſenſu <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> id quod falſum eſt, & verum in ſenſu diuiſo. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> falſa hæc enun<lb></lb>ciatio, album <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe nigrum in ſenſu <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>; quoniam accipit totum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, corpus nigrum <lb></lb>de quo enunciatur eſſe poſſe album; cùm tamen ſit vera in ſenſu diuiſo, de corpore .ſ. </s> <s>quod erat <lb></lb>ſubiectum albi. </s> <s>Facilius dici potuit, enunciationem accipere <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> mutationis, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſecun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1946"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quod tamen eſt pars. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Denique fallacia eſt ex figura dictionis. </s> <s>Vbi tertio loco op<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1947"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponitur poteſtas diuidendi in <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan> & cęlo. </s> <s>dicimus eam eſſe in <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan>, non perfectam, ſed <lb></lb>imperfectam, & actum reſpicere imperfectum qui poſitus eſt in diuidendo, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ineſſe diuiſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>De diuiſione <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cęli dictum eſt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> non eſſe ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> modo limitari vt quae ſit per mo<lb></lb>tum & per deſignationem. </s> <s>Sic & animus <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> poteſtatem habet videndi, cum hac conditione, <lb></lb>ſi ibi adſit idoneum <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>: <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>non videt in manu: ac ſi oculus in manu poneretur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> manu <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> proſpiceret. </s> <s>Neque ob id fruſtra eſt videndi facultas in manu; licet ibi videre poſ<lb></lb>ſet, ſi adeſſet <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, quia non eſt nata apta videre per manum, ſed per oculum. </s> <s>Tum ſanè <lb></lb>fruſtra eſſet, ſi deberet videre per <expan abbr="oculũ">oculum</expan>, non autem videret. </s> <s>Ad tollendam verò dubitationem <lb></lb>contra ſecundum caput quæſtionis, ſcire oportet, <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> diſcrimen intercedere inter actum agen<lb></lb>tis, & actum patientis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> actus in patiente, & in poteſtate patibili eſt vt patientis affectus: in <lb></lb>agente verò & poteſtate actuoſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt vt in ſubiecto, ſed vt ab eo: de qua re, cùm ſuperiore libro <lb></lb>complura dicta fuerint, non eſt quae hîc inutiliter repetantur. </s> <s>Sed dicimus ad argumentum; cùm <lb></lb>opponitur actum agentis eſſe in potentia patibili, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actuoſa, eam eſſe in potentia patibili, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1948"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt in ſubiecto, ſed tamen eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in actuoſa poteſtate, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quidem vt in ſubiecto, ſed vt à quo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et hoc item ſufficere ad id conſtituendum, quae actus eiuſdem ſit, cuius eſt poteſtas: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eiuſdem <lb></lb>eo modo quo eſt poteſtas. </s> <s>eſt autem poteſtas, vt à quo, non autem, vt in quo. </s> <s>Sic conſeruatur vni<lb></lb>uerſitas eius pronunciati. </s> <s>Poteſtatem omnem actu terminari. </s> <s>Ex eodem fonte dimanat illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quod ab Ariſtotele ſæpius vſurpatum eſt, tum 6. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tum item 8. <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tum etiam 1. de Cęlo. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1949"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1950"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Naturam non aggredi id quod ſe conſecutum non ſperat. </s> <s>quod, tametſi in principiis à nob. </s> <s>re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1951"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſitum eſt, ſufficiente ad eius veritatem <expan abbr="patefaciendã">patefaciendam</expan> ipſo vſu: cęterùm quae à Latinis philoſophis <lb></lb>agitatum, poſtulat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> aliquam animaduerſionem. </s> <s>Nam præter alios Iandunus <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic argumenta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1952"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Vbi ſit ordo inter aliqua, ſi poſterius fieri nequeat; non idcirco fieri non poſſe antecedens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aliquid aggredi natura quod non ſit ſucceſſurum. </s> <s>Probatur antecedens. </s> <s>quoniam ani<lb></lb>mal homini antecedit: ſi tamen illud animal factum fuerit equus, ipſi prorſus hominis natura re<lb></lb>pugnat. </s> <s>Homo igitur cœpit, non tamen eſt factus. </s> <s>Confirmatur, quia prius <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe ſine poſte<lb></lb>riore, ſed fieri prius eſt, quam factum eſſe. </s> <s>Ergo poteſt aliquid fieri, & poſteà non eſſe factum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adde quoque Ariſtotelis teſtimonium de 2. Poſt. Attamen, ſi ſeruentur conditiones de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1953"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prà, vera eſt generatim hæc propoſitio. </s> <s>Illa verò quæ Iandunus obiecit, ita diſſoluuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> negatur antecedens, ad probationem reſpondemus. </s> <s>Animal, aut abſolutè capi, aut cum <lb></lb>aliqua determinatione, vbi verò accipiatur abſolutè, non eſſe poſſe magis hominem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> equum, <lb></lb>vbi verò determinatum fuerit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe poſſe, niſi illud quo determinatum eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem in ar<lb></lb>gumento ſubeſt fallacia à ſimpliciter ad ſecundùm quid. </s> <s>Etenim <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> accipitur animal, quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe homo, intelligitur animal, quod eſt ſine determinatione. </s> <s>Cùm verò accipitur animal, quod <lb></lb>fit equus, iam eſt <expan abbr="determinatũ">determinatum</expan> equi forma: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non poteſt fieri homo, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fieri nequit, vt <lb></lb>equus ſit homo. </s> <s>Et hæc eſt germana ſolutio propoſiti argumenti, ad quod diſſoluendum multa <lb></lb>blaterauit Iandunus. </s> <s>Euertitur item confirmatio ex his quæ docet Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Nam, quod ha<lb></lb>bet rationem finis, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> perfectum fuerit; abſolutè habet rationem principij. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideòq.">ideòque</expan> antecedit <lb></lb>in natura iis quæ fiunt, & ſuapte natura expetitur, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>plurimum natura potitur, ſi minus, id for<lb></lb>tuitum eſt, & pertinet ad ſingulare: ſingularem verò <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> actu ſuo fruſtrari non eſt <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod verò Simplicius accepit, effici, vt ſit fruſtra facultas, niſi obeat munus ſuum. </s> <s>hoc ego pro<lb></lb>fectò nunquàm homini darem, niſi cum aliqua lege, vel vniuersè, vel quae ſimpliciter officio ſuo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>fungeretur: at in dormiente & in eo, quod laborat <foreign lang="grc">ἀτροφίᾳ</foreign>, ceſſat quidem munus cuiuſpiam <pb pagenum="296"></pb>facultatis: attamen non idcirco fruſtra adeſſe concedam, quia <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſemper, nec in omnibus offi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1954"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciis ſit immunis, aut non ſe habeat ſecundùm naturam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1928"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1929"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſomno.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1930"></margin.target>b Lib. <foreign lang="grc">περὶ <lb></lb>ἐρμ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1931"></margin.target>c 2. de or<lb></lb>tu. <lb></lb></s> <s>Lib. de di<lb></lb>uin.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1932"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1933"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>Beat. </s> <s>An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1934"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1935"></margin.target>b 2. de an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1936"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1937"></margin.target>c 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1938"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1939"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1940"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1941"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1942"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1943"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1944"></margin.target>a 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1945"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1946"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1947"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 64.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1948"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1949"></margin.target>b T. 92.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1950"></margin.target>c T. 75.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1951"></margin.target>d Cap. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>infinito.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1952"></margin.target>e 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1953"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1954"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>E quónam genere cauſſę ſit illa potestas quę reſpicit actum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ACTVS ſecundus ab actu primo proficiſcitur; <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>imitatur ad amuſsim: niſi quid ob<lb></lb>ſtet. </s> <s>nam ſi fuerit ille imperfectus, hic quoque imperfectus erit, & perfectiſsimi idem erit <lb></lb>quoque perfectiſsimus. </s> <s>Sic cùm imperfectum ſit elementum, functio imperfecta eſt, vtpote mo<lb></lb>tus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem gradui perfectionis rei quæ mouetur, optimè reſpondens, vt non minus pij <lb></lb>ſcriptores, quàm Ariſtoteles ex functionib. de habitus & ſubſtantiæ perfectione <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> <expan abbr="moneãt">moneant</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe faciendum. </s> <s>Nam ſtudioſus ex officio ſtudiosè facto dignoſcitur, & arbor ex ſuauitate <expan abbr="co-piaq́">co<lb></lb>piaque</expan>. </s> <s>fructuum æſtimatur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpinæ vuas, aut tribuli ficus producunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> quo perfectior <lb></lb>fuerit actus primus; ita etiam motus prouehit elementum ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> naturali <expan abbr="ſuoq́">ſuoque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſius proprio <lb></lb>viciniorem: vſque adeò, vt cùm primùm extiterit elementum, locum <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> ſit aſſecutum; <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cum quiete <expan abbr="cõmutetur">commutetur</expan>, illo .ſ. </s> <s>adepto quo mobilis natura tendebat. </s> <s>Sed, vt oriatur actus iſte ſe<lb></lb>cundus à primo, hoc eſt, quæ'nam ratio ſit qua naſcitur in elemento motus à forma, an'ne vt effi<lb></lb>cientis, quod video <expan abbr="pleroſq.">pleroſque</expan> putare, an potius in alio genere; nunc pro virib. expediendum eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1955"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod ſi proſperè ſucceſſerit, iam erit in promptu quod de cauſsis motus elementi dicamus. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>fectò ſi ſecundus actus eſt finis, is <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> refertur ad agens, vt ab ipſo comparetur, vltimo excepto <lb></lb>qui non pendet ex aliquo genere cauſſæ, vt exiſtat, ſed vt ſeipſum præſtet, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolùm potiatur <lb></lb>agens: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propter nos exiſtit Deus, quae nos non ſine illo: ſignificat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundus <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> primum: <lb></lb>etiam ex actu primo, tanquàm ex efficiente pendêre cenſebitur. </s> <s>Inſuper duo principia pręſtare <lb></lb>videntur, actionem, ſeu <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> quæ eſt actus ſecundus: alterum quidem, quod patitur; hoc <lb></lb>verò aut eſt materia, aut illi pro portione reſpondet: alterum verò quod agit, atque hoc eſt ha<lb></lb>bitus, aut forma: quapropter ab habitu quoque & forma <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficiente manáre concludetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc item illa ſpectant quæ nos attulimus olim, dum quęreremus an forma ſit agendi <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Propter hæc <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>huiuſmodi, inualuit opinio, vt actus iſte ſecundus haberet in eo in quo ſeſe <lb></lb>explicat, initium duplex: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod eſt forma: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, quod eſt ſubiectum. </s> <s>ab illo primo <lb></lb>tanquàm agente deriuaretur, ab hoc altero vt patiente. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>reddita cauſſa eſt actionum inter<lb></lb>narum: ſiquidem aſſecutæ ſint in eo quod operatur, vniuerſa principia, quippe agens & <expan abbr="patiẽs">patiens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ſine vllius extrinſeci opera fungitur ſuo munere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> animal <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1956"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod cùm habeat <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quod efficit motum; eſt verò animus, & <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quod mouetur; <lb></lb>hoc verò eſt corpus, per ſe mouetur. </s> <s>Additur & illud, quòd actiones & perpeſsiones ſunt com<lb></lb>poſiti; animal <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt id quod propriè mouetur, & idem quod propriè mouet, vt non ſimpliciter <lb></lb>moueat forma, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item materia ſimpliciter moueatur, & <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> cauſſa talem habet rationem. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt de forma dicamus aliquid nos etiam pro illis. </s> <s>Forma quæ mouet, vt immobilis <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1957"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouet vt efficiens, ſed vt finis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi motum eſt vt efficiens, iam mobilis ſit oportet: at hoc fine <lb></lb>ſocietate materię non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe; quod verò pertinet ad materiam, cùm ipſa ſit, pura poteſtas, mo<lb></lb>tui non ſubiicitur: actu <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit neceſſe eſt id quod mouetur. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſunt principia ſanè motus, <lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vt quo compoſitum moueat: altera verò vt quo moueatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cietur materia, qua<lb></lb>tenus informata eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> forma, non vt ſeparata, verùm in certa materia. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> expediri fun<lb></lb>ctionem, vt in hoc motu nil prohibeat, quinimmo <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> ſit, agere ſic id quod mouetur, quia <lb></lb>ſeipſum moueat per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & quia moueatur à ſeipſo per materiam. </s> <s>Nam compoſitum eſt id <lb></lb>quod verè agit & patitur, illa ſunt, per quę ipſum agens hæc præſtat. </s> <s>Audiuimus anteà, quem<lb></lb>admodum efficiens obeat ſuum munus in alieno ſubiecto. </s> <s>Nunc explicandum eſt an'ne in ſuo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1958"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſius ſubiecto poſsit eadem officia præſtare. </s> <s>Quòd efficiens ſit in alio principium motus; na<lb></lb>tura quę eſt forma & materia, ſit in eo in quo eſt, ex naturæ explicatione monſtrauimus. </s> <s>Ariſto<lb></lb>teles etiam <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> motricem à natura ſeparauit eodem nomine 3. de Cęlo. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quamobrem ego <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1959"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concluderem, ipſum efficientis vim habere non poſſe propriè in eo in quo eſt, ſed fortè metapho<lb></lb>ricè: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nihil ad noſtram <expan abbr="diſputationẽ">diſputationem</expan>, qui de verè <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> motum inanimi verba facimus, <lb></lb>& modum explorare volumus quo forma eſt principium motus. </s> <s>Sed quantum pertinet ad rem <lb></lb><expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>, quandò functionum cauſſæ veſtigantur ipſa re iam conſtituta; videtur forma duob. </s> <s>mo<lb></lb>dis eſſe cauſſa functionum; primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> intrinſecùs, vbi nil aliud reſpicit, quàm id in quo eſt: <lb></lb>deinde verò extrinſecùs, vbi ſpectat <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan>, & ſubiecto ſeparatum. </s> <s>dum vergit ad alienum, ſic <lb></lb>conformat verè efficiens, ſiquidem ſit ratio per quam agit <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & immutat externum, ſem<lb></lb>per ipſum afficiendo & immutando per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quam habet. </s> <s>In re verò ipſa, cuius eſt forma vide<lb></lb>tur eam facere ſubiectum Ariſtoteles, cuius hæc verba ſunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Subiicitur autem, ſiue ſubiectum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1960"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id eſt, in quo cetera dicuntur, ipſum verò in alio iam non dicitur. </s> <s>Id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quod primum ſubiici<lb></lb>tur, eſſentia videtur eſſe maximè, qualis quodammodò materia dicitur: alio verò modo forma; <pb pagenum="297"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1961"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tertium id quod ex his conſtat, & ſpeciatim, dum prodit in actum, docet Ariſtoteles eam ſe ha<lb></lb>bere ad actionem, ſicut ſubiectum, vita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in animo primùm eſt, deinde in homine per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1962"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animum. </s> <s>Quare, niſi fallor, functio ſe habet ad formam, ſicuti conſequens ex neceſsitate ad an<lb></lb>tecedens, & quemadmodum accidentia quæ exiſtunt ex neceſsitate materiæ, ad materiam. </s> <s>Iam <lb></lb>enim hîc functionem, quae ab extrinſeco reprimi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & in compoſitum redundat, accidens imitari <lb></lb>accipio. </s> <s>Nam, quantum de reipſa eſt, cùm functio nil aliud ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> forma ipſa in actu, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum forma per ſe eſt perfectio ſubiecti, ſic non <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficiens immutabit ſubiectum, nec <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> <lb></lb>patietur ipſum ex acceſſu functionis propter contrarium, quemadmodum fit in cęteris motibus <lb></lb>qui per ſe ſunt: verùm perficietur, veluti perficiebatur ex forma: <expan abbr="vereq́">vereque</expan>. </s> <s>tum perficietur, quia <lb></lb>tum verè eſt forma, cùm eſt in actu ſecundo, & ſicuti non patitur à forma quam aſſequitur; ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> patitur à functione. </s> <s>Proinde functio, non actionis, ſiue paſsionis <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> præſefert, ſed en<lb></lb>telechiæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius quidem perfectiſsimæ. </s> <s>Audi verò tu in hunc ſenſum hæc proloquentem Phi<lb></lb>loſophum, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui de habitu verba faciens, illum eſſe denique docet diſpoſitionem & affectionem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1963"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quandam ſubiecti ad id quod <expan abbr="præſtantiſsimũ">præſtantiſsimum</expan> eſt, & optimum. </s> <s>hoc verò eſt, quod præſens con<lb></lb>ſeruat <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, abſens verò corrumpit: eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> functio quæ ineſt per habitum, non ab habitu, tan<lb></lb>quàm efficiente, ſed diſponente .i. </s> <s>reddente eiuſmodi <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, vt niſi quid obſtet, ſe habeat ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1964"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & quaſi non producente, ſed <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> afferente functionem. </s> <s>sed enim, quia forma, <lb></lb>priuſquàm abſoluta ſit, pendet ab efficiente, & ex illius, hoc eſt generantis ſinu erumpit; necnon <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> impediri ab officio, proptereà poſtulat primo loco <expan abbr="præſentiã">præſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="generãtis">generantis</expan>, deinde aliquid quod <lb></lb>pellat <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> abſoluta forma, nec impedita, iam eſſet in actu ſecundo & planè per<lb></lb>fectiſsimo. </s> <s>Ob hęc ad actum huiuſmodi præſtandum extrinſeco efficiente ſemper eſt opus, do<lb></lb>nec ipſe fuerit omnib. numeris abſolutus, tum verò ceſſant <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan> officia externorum <expan abbr="efficientiũ">efficientium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> id vniuersè verum eſt in quanto, quali, & vbi: ſed, cùm Ariſtoteles ex eo quod accidit in ipſo <lb></lb>vbi, <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de reliquis ferat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> id pertineat ad vbi, diligentius exponendum eſt. </s> <s>Inte<lb></lb>rim illud colligamus. </s> <s>Actum ſecundum, cùm ſit forma ipſa per ſe non impedita, eſſe <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, & per communicationem perficere vniuerſam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> per modum formę primùm, <lb></lb>deinceps perficere <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, quòd illi exhibeat eſſe <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> quod eſt exiſtere; conſtat autem ex <lb></lb>cumulo <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> attributorum quæ inſunt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſeu formæ, ſeu materiæ; diffundun<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per decem prędicamenta, quorum quidem quę ſunt formæ, ea ſunt verè ſecundi actus ex <lb></lb>forma .ſ. </s> <s>tanquam actu primo, non ſanè <foreign lang="grc">παθητικῶς</foreign>, & patibiliter, velut ex efficiente, ſed <foreign lang="grc">εἰδικώς</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1965"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργητικῶς</foreign>, & formaliter & actuosè inſunt in forma, cum ipſa ſcilicet, & per eius <expan abbr="præſentiã">præſentiam</expan>, <lb></lb>velut actus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> per ſe expeditus, ex euento imminutus, ablatus, deprauatus: proinde <lb></lb>& hiſce modis accidens. </s> <s>Cùm verò hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> naſcantur ex materia, materiæ profectò priuilegio; <lb></lb>quapropter & in compoſito ſunt accidentia. </s> <s>Quæ verò materiæ ſunt adnexa, cùm ſint materiæ <lb></lb>ſenſilis & indiuiduæ, ea planè ſunt accidentia; poſſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſine macula eſſentiæ de ſpecie tolli, illa <lb></lb>multò magis quæ neutri, neque formæ, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiæ ſunt affixa, ſed fortuita prorſus, infinita, & <lb></lb>externa. </s> <s>Sicut ergo dare eſſe intrinſecùs non eſt munus efficientis, ſed formę; ſic dare eſſe <expan abbr="per-fectũ">per<lb></lb>fectum</expan> intrinſecùs eſt eiuſdem formæ <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> efficientis in ſpecie, cui, ſi fuerit indiuiduum, <lb></lb>materiæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> facultas accedit. </s> <s>Et ſicuti perficitur vniuerſum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> à forma, ſic totum non <lb></lb>aliud excipiens, quàm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, eſt in officio nihil patiens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò neceſſe eſt energiam iſtam in <lb></lb>ſubiecto quod eſt coniunctum; eſſe abſolutam, ſed nihil prohibet, quominus ſe habeat in pati, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> viſus in oculo: neutrum <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> exiſtit in materia naſcens à forma, vt efficiente; neque <lb></lb>requirit in coniuncto duplicem habitudinem inter <expan abbr="agentẽ">agentem</expan> partem & patientem; cùm ſit energia <lb></lb>totius, non minus quàm texere, aut nere, per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> tamen, quae ſcilicet in materia ſine forma non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1966"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>exiſtit; etenim & quæ inſunt per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> vel ex ea primùm exiſtunt, vel cùm pendeant ex materia <lb></lb>non ſunt actu, niſi aliqua forma præcedat in ipſa. </s> <s>Nec proptereà functio reſoluitur in <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> <lb></lb>& paſsionem <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan>, ſed intrinſecùs eſt energia quæ tota ſimul eſt per ſe, extrinſecùs <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pendet <lb></lb>ab agente, vel dum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt abſoluta forma, vel etiam ſiquid acciderit formæ; quamobrem imper<lb></lb>fecta, hoc eſt, ocioſa reddatur, inducta in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> efficientis interuentu, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> forma in<lb></lb>ducitur, & <expan abbr="quemdamodũ">quemdamodum</expan> forma toti dat eſſe; ſic functio <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> facit eſſe perfectum. </s> <s>Hæc è phi<lb></lb>loſophorum placitis accepta, quinimmo ex ipſo Ariſtotele decerpta planè ille intelliget, qui Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="Simpliciiq́">Simpliciique</expan>. </s> <s>luſtrarit, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> à quo non diſſentiunt nec Auerroës, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Themiſtius. </s> <s>& cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1967"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad ea confirmanda valeant, quę anteà decreta ſunt de functionis <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, ſubſcribere libuit locum <lb></lb>ipſum, vt ſaltem <expan abbr="excellentiũ">excellentium</expan> doctorum auctoritas moueat aduerſarios, ne rem tanti ponderis in<lb></lb>conſideratam relinquant. </s> <s>Ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſtoteles functionem contulerat cum partibus conſtituentibus <lb></lb><expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, ſine quibus totum non exiſtit. </s> <s>quęritur eius rei cauſſa à Simplicib. quandò partes ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ ſunt, ſed hoc videtur conſequi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & eſſe ſecundùm naturam: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> accidens. </s> <s>monet ipſe <lb></lb>non eodem pacto ſe habere functiones & habitus, ſed habere vim perficiendi & corrumpendi. <lb></lb></s> <s>vſque adeò vt carens habitu ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſit ambiguum: quapropter hæc non ſunt acciden <pb pagenum="298"></pb>tia reputanda. </s> <s>Verba ſunt eius in fine interpretationis. </s> <s>“Rectè igitur Ariſtoteles cum partibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1968"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>domus, <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> quę eſt ex habitu, tanquàm ſit pars potiſsima, contulit. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accidens eſt <lb></lb>re vera habitus & virtus.” interimit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubiectum ſecedens, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> animus accidens <lb></lb>corpori animato. </s> <s>Hæc Simplicius, quibus nos aliqua tanquam corollaria ſubiungemus. </s> <s>Ac pri<lb></lb>mùm, quòd cùm ſint eſſentiæ re vera, ſunt accidentia ſecundùm figuram dictionis, & ita haben<lb></lb>tur, quòd imitantur accidentia, quia ſcilicet extrinſecùs accedere videantur compoſito, cum par<lb></lb>tis alterius, nempe materiæ priuilegio, functione careat, & ſi rem <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> valde perſpicuo velis il<lb></lb>luſtrare. </s> <s>ſolem accipe, cui corpus <expan abbr="opacũ">opacum</expan> opponas; ipſe non illuſtrat, habet tamen <expan abbr="illuſtrãdi">illuſtrandi</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt nihil ipſi accedat, cùm illuſtret, niſi illius pręſentia, quod illuſtrari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> perſpicuo <expan abbr="lumẽ">lumen</expan> accedit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter non eſt eodem modo lux in ſole & in corpore perſpicuo. </s> <s>Finge tu nunc ex pelluci<lb></lb>do & ſole fieri, vnum, erit hoc torum actu pellucidum. </s> <s>in quo lumen erit in ſole idem cum eſ<lb></lb>ſentia lucidi, in pellucido verò vt accidens & aliunde accedens. </s> <s>Sic de functione dicendum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed hoc diſtat aliquandò functio quae habet idonea principia <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> in eodem ſubiecto; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>nulla efficientis ratio tunc habetur: vbi .ſ. </s> <s>eſt compoſitum, vt ex forma & materia: quandoque <lb></lb>pendet ex externo, vt apparet in illuminatione, <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> efficientis præſentia præter formam re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1969"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quiritur: forma ſe tenet in parte principij patientis, eſt enim ratio per quam materia, ſeu com<lb></lb>poſitum ſic afficitur: nanque oculus accipit colorem, vt animatus; & aër, vt pellucidus. </s> <s>Sicut er<lb></lb>go imitatur accidens ipſa functio, ſi cum <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> conferatur, eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modo dicitur eſſe, <lb></lb>non ſanè natura, ſed ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & ita etiam demonſtrationi redditur obnoxia habens <expan abbr="cer-tã">cer<lb></lb>tam</expan> cauſſam propter quam inſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illud aduertendum puto. </s> <s>Cùm demonſtratio dicitur ac<lb></lb>cidentium, non accidentia ſolùm reipſa <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan>, ſed illa item quæ per modum inſunt acciden<lb></lb>tis, quomodocunque velut accidentia concipiantur à nob. </s> <s>Sicut etiam hæc quę ſola dictionis fi<lb></lb>gura, vel ſecundùm <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, hoc eſt; quae ita concipiantur, accidentia ſunt, & demonſtrationi ſubii<lb></lb>ciuntur, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> talia poſſunt eſſe, quæ definiuntur per ſubiectum, & ad ſecundum <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> ipſius <lb></lb>per ſe referuntur. </s> <s>Sed neque illud in hac re prætereundum videtur, quae ſi quies eſt finis motus ad <lb></lb>locum & elementi perfectio, formam eſſe non poſſe cauſsam quę efficiat motum. </s> <s>Eodem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mo<lb></lb>do <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> eſt natura motus & quietis. </s> <s>& imperfecta quidem motus, dum pendet ad huc à ge<lb></lb>nerante, aut impedita eſt: quietis autem, vbi fuerit abſoluta. </s> <s>Nunc natura non eſt cauſſa <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> <lb></lb>quietem: eo quae quies eſt finis: at fine comparato efficientis officium ceſſat. </s> <s>Non igitur motus eſt <lb></lb>à natura, tanquàm ab efficiente cauſſà, ſed vt ea quæ ſit, vt de materia dicitur, ex ſuppoſitione.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1970"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1955"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1956"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1957"></margin.target>a 2. de ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1958"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1959"></margin.target>b T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1960"></margin.target>c 5. Met. <lb></lb>C. de eo <lb></lb>quod & <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> <lb></lb>quod.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1961"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1962"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>C. de eo <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> quod.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1963"></margin.target>b 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1964"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1965"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1966"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1967"></margin.target>c 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1968"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1969"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1970"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quędam dubitationes è medio tolluntur ad functionum naturam ſpectantes. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ENERGIAE ſunt, vel vniformium, vel difformium: horum quidem organicę ſunt quæ .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>actiones ſpectant, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aut animalis partes inter ſe agitant, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aliud ab animali <expan abbr="diuersũ">diuersum</expan> <lb></lb>extrinſecùs cient: illorum potius ſunt perpenſiones. </s> <s>Ergo dicet aliquis, actiones etiam ſpectan<lb></lb>tur in ipſis: idcirco item efficiendi ratio quæ à nob. </s> <s>ab eodem indiuiduo repulſa eſt. </s> <s>Rurſus, ſi <lb></lb>reliquorum ſunt perpeſsiones, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem ſunt materia: ergo proprię functiones à materia <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> proficiſcuntur, & ita functio non erit forma operans, quod iis aduerſatur quæ nos antè de<lb></lb>creuimus. </s> <s>Tollitur ſanè prior illa dubitatio, quia cùm ſint partes organicę & difformes è multis <lb></lb>aliis conſtitutæ, ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> animal totum è pluribus <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtis">inſtrumentis</expan> coagmentatum, vna ex illis alteram <lb></lb>ciere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm <expan abbr="cõmoueat">commoueat</expan> alteram à ſe diuerſam, inibi <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> efficientis & patientis eſſe da<lb></lb>mus, tendit neruus tenditur os, vertit muſculus vertitur membrum, calefacit caro calefit venter, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſeipſam caro calefacit. </s> <s>Neque tum eſt vnum ſimpliciter indiuiduum, quod ſimul agat & pa<lb></lb>tiatur ad idem, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in omnino continuis eueniret. </s> <s>Altera verò ſpecies functionis po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1971"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nitur in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, nihilominus, quae illa materia non eſt pura poteſtas, ſed actu quodam <lb></lb>prædita, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille ſit, idem iudicium de illa <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> de ea quæ conſequitur formam: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eius materiæ quæ ſola poteſtas eſt ſine forma, nulla eſt <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> functio. </s> <s>Neque tamen eſt ea <lb></lb>functio ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vt tamen ſit ab eius ipſius forma, quod mouetur. </s> <s>Nam ſolùm hoc acci<lb></lb>dit animato, quod à ſua ipſius forma concitatur & à ſeipſo, quia ſolùm diuiditur in partem per ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, & partem per ſe <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan>, & in motu totius, quo animatum, quatenus animatum moue<lb></lb>tur: ſiquid ſit aliud, habet in ſeipſo ſolam <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan>, actum aliunde expectans, vt puta, pars mol<lb></lb>lis facilè laxatur; at laxans externum eſt. </s> <s>Laxatur ergo, quà mollis eſt, & ſic habet <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> in ſeipſa <lb></lb>patiendi, & oneri eſt non ſibi, ſed alij. </s> <s>Verumeninuero <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illud aſpernandum eſt, vt motus ſit <lb></lb>energia formæ: quandò energia tota ſimul eſſe videtur: motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ponitur in ſucceſsione. </s> <s>Præ<lb></lb>tereà quæ'nam pendentia ſit functionis ab externo, dum eſt imperfecta, vt inde colligi queat id <lb></lb>quod ſuperiore capite acceptum ſanè eſt, neutiquam verò explicatum. </s> <s>Cęterùm, quod attinet <lb></lb>ad primum. </s> <s>Finge tibi ſpatium, quod inter mouendum mobile permetiri debet: hoc eſt diui<lb></lb>duum in ſemper diuidua, quia <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>. </s> <s>partes eius aliquo termino impoſito finiti non incon <pb pagenum="299"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1972"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uenit: in earum fine ſignare licèt aliquod, vbi <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>, in quo quieuerit id quod <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>& aliquod <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe, ſicut in generatione factum, quod ſanè vbi nolim, te inane <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="nudumq́">nudumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſumere, & citra <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> ſenſilem: ſed, vt in vniuerſo vires certas obtinuit, ex participatio<lb></lb>ne boni illius quod cęlum <expan abbr="cõicat">conicat</expan> iis quæ rectà mouentur pro viciniæ diſtantiæúe ratione, veluti <lb></lb>dictum eſt 1. de cælo. </s> <s>Sume deinde mobile, quod intereà gignitur. </s> <s>in eius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> motu duo conſidera<lb></lb>re poteris, & <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> perfectionis <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>, qui per mutata eſſe ſignificatur, & <expan abbr="cõtinuationẽ">continuationem</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc duo <lb></lb>contra ſe habent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> illa <expan abbr="indicãt">indicant</expan> terminum & diuiſionem <expan abbr="extantẽ">extantem</expan>: hæc infinitatis affinia ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Terminus eſt ex forma, infinitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & continuatio <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> ex materia. </s> <s>Ergo in quolibet ſpatij ſal<lb></lb>tem ſenſilis puncto certus eſt & locus qui certam <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> mobilis notat in qua cùm ſit, pro il<lb></lb>lius formæ, perfectione <expan abbr="graduq́">graduque</expan>. </s> <s>operatur, qui iam adeſt: quia verò conſtat ex materia quæ diuidi <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in infinitum, & diuiduè gradus illos perfectionis accepit: hinc exoriri <expan abbr="cõtinuationẽ">continuationem</expan> dicemus, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> hîc te meminiſſe volo <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ de gradib. formæ & partib. eius olim <expan abbr="cõſtitui-mus">conſtitui<lb></lb>mus</expan>. </s> <s>referuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad materiam, quia forma <expan abbr="nondũ">nondum</expan> abſoluta eſt. </s> <s>Ergo cùm eſſe in loco ſit energia <lb></lb>propriè, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> moueri, fit ex hoc, vt, licet moueatur elementum, habeat item <expan abbr="energiã">energiam</expan> ſuam <expan abbr="to-tã">to<lb></lb>tam</expan> ſimul, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> imperfectam .i. </s> <s>indiuiduam, & vt aiunt, in facto eſſe, non in fieri, <expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan> eiuſmodi, <lb></lb>vt vlterius promoueri queat. </s> <s>Hæc ex Ariſt. </s> <s>colliges ita dicente. <foreign lang="grc">καὶ ἐνεργήσει εὐθὺς, ἐαν τι μὴ κω<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1973"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>λύσῃ ἐνέργεια δὲ τοῦ κούφου τὸ ποῦ εἶναι καὶ ἄνω</foreign>. </s> <s>Et operabitur ſtatim, niſi quid prohibeat; actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>leuis, [non quidem moueri ſurſum] ſed ipſum vbi & locus ſuperior. </s> <s>Ob id verendum non eſt, ne <lb></lb>eſſe in loco ſit externa paſsio mobilis (niſi vi fuerit) quia .ſ. </s> <s>ab efficiente pendêre videatur, dum fit: <lb></lb>nec quin illi habitus <expan abbr="quiſq̃">quiſquam</expan> ſupponatur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diuiduè pendet & proximè; ſed indiuiduè & p <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſeu partem eius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> verò eſt de poſteriore dubitatione; accipiam id in primis, ita mo<lb></lb>ueri coniunctum, quae habeat certam formam: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> forma eſt ratio, cur <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> moueatur, quae hoc <lb></lb>ſit ex eius ipſius natura. </s> <s>Sequitur ergo ea forma poſita neceſſariò locus ipſi conueniens, & hoc <lb></lb>modo cauſſa interna eſt, & ita cauſſa, vt forma <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecum ipſa apportans, id quod alij nulli cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ conceditur, quatenus eſt cauſſa. </s> <s>ſiquidem materia per ſeipſam accipiat: efficiens & finis alij <lb></lb>tribuant à ſeipſis. </s> <s>Id verò ſic eſſe monſtrant Ariſtotelis verba quæ ſunt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Siquis è no<lb></lb>bis quærat, cur grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>diuerſis ac certis motibus concitentur; cauſſa eſt <foreign lang="grc">ὁτι πέφυκὲνποι <lb></lb>καὶ τοῦτο ἐστὶ τὸ κούφῳ καὶ βαρεὶ εἶναι</foreign> .i. quae nata apta ſunt ad id, quae alicubi ſint, & hoc eſt leui & graui <lb></lb>eſſe, vt <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> videas ſcripſiſſe cauſſam eſſe, cur grauia moueantur, & leuia: ex quo concluſit in <lb></lb>fine contextus; <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſe principium, nec quidem agendi & mouendi, ſed patiendi, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ſententiam re petiit idem auctor 4. de Cęlo. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae ſi moueret vt efficiens ipſa forma; nec modo ſui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1974"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1975"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſius proprio, non cohæreret conſequens cum antecedente quæ ſic habent. </s> <s>Mouetur <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>, <lb></lb>quia forma eſt cauſſa motus. </s> <s>Ergo natura <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> patiendi, & antecedens latius pateret quàm <lb></lb>conſequens, quae forma quæ eſt natura, moueret, vt agens. </s> <s>Itaque non ſimpliciter natura talis eſſet; <lb></lb>immò nec id ex antecedente probè inferretur, quia forma non eſſet principium patiendi, nec alia <lb></lb>cauſſa motus interna recitata fuerat ab Ariſtotele, quomodo valebat igitur: Naturam eſſe cauſ<lb></lb>ſam motus, atque illam quidem patiendi, non agendi? </s> <s>His ita poſitis ad Alexandrum redeo, vt, <lb></lb>ſi quo pacto mihi ſuccedat, tantum philoſophum quem primum habemus, qui in hanc ſenten<lb></lb>tiam ſcripſerit, ab omni calumnia purgem. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur vbi dixit, generans illud eſſe, quod facit <lb></lb>è poteſtate vbi actu vbi, faciendo .ſ. </s> <s>è potentia leui actu leue, accepit formam, non vt actum pri<lb></lb>mum, ſed vt ſecundum, & cùm in eo quod gignitur, ſit poteſtas quæ naſcitur à materia, quæ per <lb></lb>gradus <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> promouetur ad formam, forma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inanimi perfecta fit eſſe in ſuo loco: poteſtas <lb></lb>verò quæ eſt in materia ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> perfectionem, ſit grauitas, aut leuitas; eam <expan abbr="promotionẽ">promotionem</expan> quæ eſt ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> perfectam, ſignificare voluit, cùm ſtatuit generans quod facit ignem & <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, facere actu le<lb></lb>ue, aut graue, per grauitatem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & leuitatem <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> materiæ affectiones in ſuo loco inanima <expan abbr="collo-cãtur">collo<lb></lb>cantur</expan>. </s> <s>& vt ſecundùm naturam ſe habet forma, natura autem ipſius eſt eſſe in officio, ſic <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <lb></lb>actum iungere conſtituit: <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>actum ſubſtantiæ, qui ſine functione imperfectus eſt, cum actu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1976"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſius vbi quæ eſt eius ſubſtantiæ perfectio, copulauit: cùm verò aut alibi ipſe, aut alij nonnun<lb></lb>quam poteſtatem ad vbi à ſubſtantiæ poteſtate ſegregarunt, animaduertiſſe videntur ordinem & <lb></lb>nexum qui ob cauſſas antedictas inter actum primum & ſecundum, & poteſtateis cum illis con<lb></lb>gruenteis, intercedit; ſunt verò cauſſæ per accidens, & quæ ſolam ſeparationem rationis afferant, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> diximus, cùm de ſecundi actus <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> loqueremur, & eius quod actu eo tempore <lb></lb>conſiſtit, <expan abbr="qualecunq.">qualecunque</expan> illud ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> rei naturæ <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> habuerunt. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dum Alexandro oppo<lb></lb>nit Simplicius elementa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſſe in actu extra ſua loca; <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> eſt ipſum ſubſtantiæ ſimpliciter <lb></lb>habuiſſe rationem & actus primi, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſubſtantiæ perfectæ, <expan abbr="actuſq́">actuſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecundi, quo pacto ipſam <lb></lb>accepiſſe dicimus Alexandrum. </s> <s>Argumenta verò quæ nuper obiecta fuerunt, parum afferunt <lb></lb>impedimenti. </s> <s>Nam, quod opponebatur, actum ſecundum eſſe finem, hunc verò ſignificare <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan>, <lb></lb>planè concedimus, ſed quae agens hoc ſit primus actus, id verò negamus; ſat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, ſi ſignificet agens <lb></lb>ſimpliciter; id verò priuſquàm ſit abſoluta ſubſtantia, generans eſt; vbi abſoluta quidem fuerit, <pb pagenum="300"></pb>ſed impedita, tollens impedimentum. </s> <s>Quod item obiiciebatur ſecundo loco, falſum eſt. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1977"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id quod agit, efficiens eſt, quod .ſ. </s> <s>habet ſimilem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, aut arcens impediens: id verò, quod pa<lb></lb>titur, eſt mobile, quod habet in ſe duo principia per quę mouetur, materiam nimirùm & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; <lb></lb>non autem formam, vt mouentem, materiam verò, vt motam; de quo pluribus verbis nihil eſt <lb></lb>opus, cùm anteà fuerit explanatum. </s> <s>Supereſt igitur, vt habitus ſit principium, non ſanè <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed per quod mobile ipſum, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ex habitu <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> & materia <expan abbr="cõcitetur">concitetur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nũc">Nunc</expan> ad reliqua pergamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1971"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1972"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1973"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1974"></margin.target>a T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1975"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1976"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1977"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Varietas actionum vnde ducatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OMNIS igitur actio requirit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, licèt non <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficiens, veluti concluſum eſt ante. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb>rùm, quia forma multiplex, & ab vna, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> non primò (ſiquidem ab vna cauſſa, quatenus <lb></lb>vna eſt, non niſi res vna proximè proficiſcatur) multas <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> actioneis pullulare <expan abbr="cõſpicimus">conſpicimus</expan>; ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan>, <lb></lb>qui actus ſecundi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> exploret, pertinere <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> arbitror aliqua ex ipſa re de hac functionum <lb></lb>varietate diſſerere. </s> <s>Quorum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vſus in hoc volumine frequentiſsimus futurus ſit. </s> <s>Formas <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe multipliceis, ſi non ex hac methodo conſtitit adhuc; at accipiatur in præſentia, vel vt poſteà <lb></lb><expan abbr="demonſtrandũ">demonſtrandum</expan>, vel vt ſenſu <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim illa prima eſt diſtributio <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> in materia con<lb></lb>cretas, & à materia ſeparatas; <expan abbr="ſeparatarũ">ſeparatarum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diuiſio procedit vlterius: etenim vel ſunt ſepara<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1978"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tæ ſimpliciter, cuiuſmodi illæ ſunt quę in prima philoſophia tractantur, aut quodammodo, qua<lb></lb>les ſunt mathematicæ: inter eas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæ quodammodò ſeparari queunt, <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> <expan abbr="humanũ">humanum</expan> ex Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> collocabo, cùm ſit in corpore, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eius officium corpore adminiſtretur. </s> <s>Materia <lb></lb>concretæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſunt multiplices: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aut animus eſt, aut inanimorum forma, & vniformium <lb></lb>formæ ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> difformium; rurſus ſubſtantiarum & accidentium: nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> accidentib. formæ <lb></lb>deeſſe, nec ipſæ, <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> ſint, functionib. eſſe videntur immunes: etenim calor heterogena ſe<lb></lb>cernit, homogenei verò cogit; & color ſegregat, aut congregat inſtrumentum viſus: euehit lę<lb></lb>uitas, deprimit grauitas; earum verò functiones intellige modo ſui <expan abbr="ipſarũ">ipſarum</expan> proprio quae per illas ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ fungantur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hę, vel immanentes, vt fertur, vel tranſeuntes. </s> <s>Et formarum <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> nonnul<lb></lb>læ ſunt formæ totius, vt animus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae ex vna <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> parte, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſolio in quo reſideat inſtar regis, tri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1979"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>buit toti corpori, quae ſit, non per <expan abbr="ęqualẽ">ęqualem</expan> præſentiæ ſuæ <expan abbr="participationẽ">participationem</expan> in partib. ſed per <expan abbr="indiuiduã">indiuiduam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſentiæ <expan abbr="cõicationem">conicationem</expan>, à coniunctione partium quæ ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> primam aptæ ſunt, in qua animus reſi<lb></lb>det, exortam. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> formæ partium, vt in <expan abbr="aĩo">animo</expan> carentibus. </s> <s>Actionem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vnam, aut non, mul<lb></lb>tis modis eſſe <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vna ſimpliciter eſt, quam formaliter <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> vocabimus quæ .ſ. </s> <s>in alias <lb></lb>quæ ſeorſum manere queant, reſolui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, aut vna ad ſpeciem, vel numerum, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> ſpeciei vnius, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1980"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel indiuidui ſit, niſi ab impediente interrumpatur, & vbi <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <expan abbr="cõunuetur">conunuetur</expan>: nam propter <expan abbr="obicẽ">obicem</expan> <lb></lb>vna ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ſingularis actio non eſt. </s> <s>hæc verò aut è famulantib. &, vt vulgò fertur, è <lb></lb>ſubordinatis conſtat, aut quae vna ex illis ſe habeat ſicuti conſequens; quorum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & quemadmo<lb></lb>dum ſit; ex his intelligetur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ ſimplices ſint; vnam tantum actio<lb></lb>nem formaliter ipſas habere facilè quiſpiam credat. </s> <s>At verò cùm ego perſpiciam inter ſubſtan<lb></lb>tias ſeparatas (modò ſint plures) intercedere ordinem; ſolam Dei ipſius O. M. functionem ita ſim<lb></lb>plicem eſſe Peripateticę è decernerem: nempè quia ſola prorſus <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> poteſtate vacet: <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> fun<lb></lb>ctioneis non omnino <expan abbr="ſtatuerẽ">ſtatuerem</expan> ſimpliceis; <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> aliqua poteſtas in ipſis, ſiue, vt melius dixerim, <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> humilitas & declinatio cognoſcitur. </s> <s>Proinde Deus ipſe, vt volunt optimi Pe<lb></lb>ripatetici, id <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> agit, vt ſeipſum æterno tempore, ſua pulchritudine captas, <expan abbr="cõtẽpletur">contempletur</expan>: reliquæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſubſtantię pręter ſeipſas etiam Deum. </s> <s>& fortè ſuperiores <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſpeculentur, quinimmo ſeipſas <lb></lb>ſine ipſius Dei ſpeculatione (ni fallor) ſatis concipere nequeunt: nam ſpeciem quandam priua<lb></lb>tionis & poteſtatis in entis vniuerſitate obtinent, ſi cum Deo conferantur, poteſtas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & priua<lb></lb>tio per actum <expan abbr="habitumq́">habitumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> neceſſariò noſcenda eſt. </s> <s>Ita quidem vna illarum actio, ſed non pe<lb></lb>nitus ſimplex; ſiquidem habeant obiectum intelligentiæ ſuę, non in ſeipſis, ſed exterius, à quo <lb></lb>functio ſua <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> propria compleatur. </s> <s>Vna igitur functio, vna, ſcilicet, vnius intelligentia ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1981"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantię, neutiquam verò ſimplex, quia nimirùm intelligentia ſui, ab alterius rei ſublimioris in<lb></lb>telligentię perficitur, & conſummatur, & vna, vt arbitror, intrinſecùs quę tamen varietur extrin<lb></lb>ſecùs; quippe ex varietate obiecti: non multiplicetur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> propter <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> quę ſpectatur in<lb></lb>ter <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> & actum, ſicuti neque multiplicatur intelligentia poteſtatis, ſiquando concipiatur <lb></lb>per actum. </s> <s>Non equidem illud aio poteſtatis & actus eandem eſſe notionem; varia <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> certiſsimè <lb></lb>eſt, ſed cùm in actu poteſtas agnoſcatur, vnam eſſe ipſius <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan>: proptereà quae cognoſcitur <lb></lb>ex habitudine, qua reſpicit actum; qua ſi noris hunc illam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> noris: ſic eorum quę inter ſe <lb></lb>reſpiciunt vna cognitio. </s> <s>Sic depriuationis notitia dicendum foret. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & ipſa per habitum <lb></lb>concipitur, & definitur. </s> <s>Vna certè, ſed minus ſimplex, quàm cognitio habitus: ſic itidem vna eſt <lb></lb>in ſubſtantiis inferioribus energia, Compoſitionem formalem hanc ad eius differentiam quam <lb></lb>rei, vel realem vocant, appellare licebit. </s> <s>Verùm quòd etiam ſubſtantię ſeparatę mouent orbes; <pb pagenum="301"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1982"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab his & alia functio quæ ſit tranſiens, proficiſci putabitur. </s> <s>Cęterùm, ſi mouent vt finis, actio nul<lb></lb>la hęc erit, niſi metaphoricè, quia ſolùm in eo <expan abbr="cõſiſtet">conſiſtet</expan> quod mouetur, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>functio <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan>, qua<lb></lb>tenus mouetur, quę reliqua ſua principia <expan abbr="cõſecuta">conſecuta</expan> ſit extra finem. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> differt in mouendo finis <lb></lb>ab efficiente, quae finis <expan abbr="mouẽdo">mouendo</expan> manet immobilis, nec illi functio tribuitur, ſed immobilitas & ho<lb></lb>neſtas; eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> gratia <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> id quod appetit. </s> <s>In efficiente <expan abbr="collocat̃">collocatur</expan> actio, quia non ſine materiæ <lb></lb>tranſmutatione <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> facit, quæ, cùm ſit <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> res ſenſilis, requirit <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="tranſmutantẽ">tranſmutantem</expan>: cùm <lb></lb>cęteroqui finis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſine tranſmutatione materiæ poſsit agere, vt in mentib. beatis & cęlo quorum <lb></lb>ſtatus eſt <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> vniuſmodi, nec è poteſtate <expan abbr="trãſmutatur">tranſmutatur</expan> in actum. </s> <s>Cùm igitur nos ea vt <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> mo<lb></lb>uere defendamus, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="ſanèipſarũ">ſanè ipſarum</expan> <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> quidem <expan abbr="immanentẽ">immanentem</expan> cogimur aſſeuerare. <lb></lb></s> <s>De mathematicis illud <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> puto <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> functiones ibi eſſe quæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quantitatis intrin<lb></lb>ſecè <expan abbr="cõſequuntur">conſequuntur</expan>, hoc eſt, eo modo <expan abbr="pullulãt">pullulant</expan> ex forma, ſicuti <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> ex habitu proficiſci ſuprà <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmem">commem</expan> orauimus, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſine vlla vera permutatione, & ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> metaphorica: nec eiuſmodi <lb></lb>tamen, vt <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à fine deſcendat. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> & tale cauſſæ genus repellatur à mathematicis, & illud <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> generatim quod habet, vt inquit ipſe Ariſtoteles, <foreign lang="grc">τὸ κύριον</foreign>, & <expan abbr="pręcipuũ">pręcipuum</expan> quę ſunt apud Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>finis & efficiens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Plato, vt docet Proclus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in principiis pręcipuis numerauit exemplar. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1983"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> formę mathematicę in actuoſis principiis <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> numerantur: <expan abbr="acriterq́">acriterque</expan>. </s> <s>Pythagoras <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1984"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& Plato reprehenſi, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alter numeros, alter verò ſolida <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, <expan abbr="motionumq́">motionumque</expan>. </s> <s>primor<lb></lb>dia fecerint. </s> <s>Sed nil repugnat <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> illis, opinor, <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> varietas; quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prohibeat, quominus <lb></lb>illę <expan abbr="quãti">quanti</expan> ſpecies <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> plureis proprietateis, vt <expan abbr="triãgulũ">triangulum</expan> habere treis angulos ęqualeis duobus re<lb></lb>ctis & habere <expan abbr="angulũ">angulum</expan> <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> duob. </s> <s>angulis ſibi oppoſitis æqualem? </s> <s>Mitto nunc <expan abbr="humanã">humanam</expan> <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <lb></lb>quæ cùm ſeuocet formas à materia ſenſili, nec <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> obeat ſine <expan abbr="phãtaſia">phantaſia</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> munus, <expan abbr="ancipitẽ">ancipitem</expan> <expan abbr="quã-dã">quan<lb></lb>dam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quaſi animal <expan abbr="amphibiũ">amphibium</expan> conſecuta fuiſſe videbitur: <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe varia, <expan abbr="multiſq́">multiſque</expan>. </s> <s>modis <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> pręſtare officium. </s> <s>Generatim verò varietas <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ad hęc capita refert, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe eſt, aut per <lb></lb><expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, & aut in indiuiduo, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in ſpecie. </s> <s>per accidens verò <expan abbr="indeterminatũ">indeterminatum</expan> accipio. </s> <s>Et ea quæ <lb></lb>eſt in indiuiduo, & in hoc ſignificato per accidens, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>quę <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> priuilegio materiæ <expan abbr="cõtingũt">contingunt</expan>, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt à forma ſui <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> ſimile eſt: infinitas eſt ex materia ſingulari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> quae vna vnius fun<lb></lb>ctio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit, vel ex <expan abbr="impedimẽto">impedimento</expan> <expan abbr="ĩterrupta">interrupta</expan>, vel ex <expan abbr="accidẽte">accidente</expan>, id <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> tali materiæ <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> referri debet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim vbi <expan abbr="interrũpitur">interrumpitur</expan>, neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> multiplicatur. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſemel defecit, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ad numerum <lb></lb>renouari, & quaſi in <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> ex morte reuocari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> putant Peripatetici. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sic ex adnexis & <expan abbr="accidẽtib">accidentib</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg1985"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actio variatur, vt pro modo efficientis, pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſubiecti, pro varietate inſtrumenti. </s> <s><expan abbr="Saxũ">Saxum</expan> cadit & <lb></lb>ferit, ignis <expan abbr="cerã">ceram</expan> colliquat, & fictile cogit: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>in principio, <expan abbr="lentuſq.">lentuſque</expan> cogit, ad extremum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1986"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>acrior aliquat. </s> <s>Calor extra animal vrit, in animali coquit, hîc elixat, ibi torret. </s> <s>Et ſol cum <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> gignit, cum equo <expan abbr="equũ">equum</expan> producit. </s> <s>Si verò fuerint actiones ſpeciei quę ſunt <expan abbr="eædẽ">eædem</expan> per ſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm in ſpecie plures ſint cauſſæ, materia nimirùm & forma, ac materia <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vel ſimplex, vt in <lb></lb>corpore ſimplici, vel <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, vt in mixtis: ſit & id quod habet <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> formæ, prętereà, ſint è for<lb></lb>mis <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> & generales, alię ſpecificę, & <expan abbr="cõmuniũ">communium</expan> virtutes, ſiue ipſęmet ſint ſuperſtites, <lb></lb>& ex actionib. aliquę <expan abbr="cõnexę">connexę</expan> ſint, vt vna ex altera <expan abbr="erũpat">erumpat</expan>: efficitur vt actiones, vel multę ſint, quae <lb></lb>ſingulę è ſingulis cauſsis <expan abbr="emanẽt">emanent</expan>, vel ordinatæ, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> miniſtra & princeps, vel ex conſe<lb></lb>cutione <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>, vnde <expan abbr="ducunt̃">ducuntur</expan>, aut ſimplices, aut <expan abbr="cõpoſitæ">compoſitæ</expan> quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> cauſſę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb>vt internæ, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> partim internæ, partim externę. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quas ordinatas dicimus, ita ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan>, vt poſteriores ſine ipſis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="exiſtãt">exiſtant</expan>, aut quae non poſsint in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſine ipſis prorumpere. </s> <s>Rurſus <lb></lb>ordinatæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, vt ex illis <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> ducentes, aut quae illis <expan abbr="vtant̃">vtantur</expan>. </s> <s>ſi ortum <expan abbr="ducãt">ducant</expan> ex illis, ab iis <expan abbr="proficiſcũtur">proficiſcuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>vt à forma: ſi vtantur, <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> finis, <expan abbr="eæq́">eæque</expan>. </s> <s>auctore Ariſt. </s> <s>in extremo 1. de part. An. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr="cõditę">conditę</expan>, <lb></lb>vt vna ſit <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſpeciei prima quæ <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan> omneis, velut eius vnius gratia ſint, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>primum eius inſtrumentum, quod eſt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, vt animi corpus. </s> <s>Exempla omnium in <expan abbr="prõptu">promptu</expan> ſunt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex forma ineſt acumen inferro; rubigo ex materia. </s> <s>In homine ratio, ſenſus, & ſui conſer<lb></lb>uatio. </s> <s>Rationi parent omnes, ſed alia via, paret & ſeruit ſenſus, alia nutritio. </s> <s>ſine nutriente nulla <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1987"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>extat hominis actio: cùm intereat homo. </s> <s>ſed vtitur ſentiente, quia tametſi exiſtit homo, non <lb></lb>poteſt vti ratione, niſi ſentiens anteceſſerit. </s> <s>Calefacit ignis aquam, idem calefaciendo rarefacit, <lb></lb>& cùm humidum calor depaſcatur, ſimul aridum reddit. </s> <s>hoc ex natura materiæ conſequitur: <lb></lb>interna cauſſa varietatis eſt in difformibus, externa etiam accidens eſſe poteſt, vt cùm in mixtis <lb></lb>præter qualitateis quæ inſident in mixto cauſſa materiæ, adſunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> affectiones à cauſſa non na<lb></lb>turali incuſſæ, ex quarum varia <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan> variæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> actiones, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò admirabiles extant <lb></lb>in mixtis. </s> <s>alter ille ordo pertinet ad finem, cuius gratia priores inſtitutæ ſunt, ex cuius item vici<lb></lb>nia ſuam <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> perfectionem conſequitur, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> atque præſtantiam, vt inde <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> famulantis ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1988"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnum <expan abbr="eundemq́">eundemque</expan> finem, nobilitas actionis indicari poſsit, ſimpliciter autem ab imitatione Dei <lb></lb>O. M. quam id quod præſtat magis, etiam cęteris perfectius <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Ita perfectiores men<lb></lb>tes quàm cęlum, & cęlum quàm nos; nos magis quàm bruta: ſuperant hæc <expan abbr="plãtas">plantas</expan>, plantæ mixta <lb></lb>inanima; ab his elementa vincuntur, vltimum locum obtinent ea quæ cadunt ab actu, materia <pb pagenum="302"></pb>primùm, deinde priuationes, quòd materia per ſe aliquid eſt: priuatio per ſe non eſt. </s> <s>eſt verò aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1989"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubiecti beneficio in quo eſt; aut merito illius formæ quam ipſa ſignificat. </s> <s>Et, ſi ea quæ ſunt ori<lb></lb>gine poſteriora, ſolent eſſe perfectiora, ſunt verò talia, niſi eueniat, vt poſterius ex priore exiſtat, <lb></lb>velut epar ex corde; conſimile <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iudicium faciemus de functionibus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi in homine lo<lb></lb>quela omnium tardiſsimè abſoluitur, niſi prodigium fuerit, quod de Crœſi filio teſtantur hiſto<lb></lb>riæ, quem, cùm infans ageret in cunis, vocem rupiſſe ferunt; eam quoque perfectiſsimum naturæ <lb></lb>opus eſſe cenſebimus. </s> <s>Vnde & illud in optatis. </s> <s>Sapere & fari vt poſsit quæ ſentiat. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>Pindarus eum qui talis ſit, ne <expan abbr="optaturũ">optaturum</expan> quidem ſe Deum eſſe teſtatum reliquit hiſce verſiculis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1978"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1979"></margin.target>a 4 Met. <lb></lb>T. 43.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1980"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1981"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1982"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1983"></margin.target>a in Tim. <lb></lb>lib. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1984"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1985"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1986"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1987"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1988"></margin.target>c 3. de Ani.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1989"></margin.target>E</s></p> <table> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ὑγιέντα δ' εἵτις ὄλβον ἄρδει</foreign>.</cell><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ἐξαρκέων κτεάτ ἐστὶ</foreign>,</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Καὶ εὐλογιαν πρθστιθεὶς</foreign></cell><cell><foreign lang="grc">Μἡ ματεὺσει θεὸς γενέσθαι</foreign>.</cell></row></table> <p type="head"><s><arrow.to.target n="table10"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table> <table.target id="table10"></table.target> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ὑγιέντα δ ἑίτις ὄλβον ἄσδει</foreign>.</cell><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ἐξασκέων κτεάτ̓<gap></gap>ὶ</foreign>,</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Καὶ <gap></gap>̓λογιαν πζθσειθεὶς</foreign></cell><cell><foreign lang="grc">Μἡ ματ<gap></gap>̀σει <gap></gap>εὸς γενέσ<gap></gap>αι</foreign>.</cell></row></table> <p type="main"> <s>Hoc illud eſt, quo præſtamus vel maximè feris, quòd colloquimur inter nos, & quòd exprimere <lb></lb>dicendo ſenſa poſſumus. </s> <s>Idcirco iurè mirabimur eum, vt quo vno homines maximè beſtiis prę<lb></lb>ſtent, in hoc hominibus ipſis antecellat. </s> <s>Videtur etiam, vt id obiter hoc loco recenſeam; riſus <lb></lb>in his muneribus eſſe reponendus: quandò item in Zoroaſtro riſus immaturus ab vtero, ſapien<lb></lb>tiæ ſignum à veteribus fuerit habitus: quaſi natura virum illum ſapientiſsimum futurum, citius <lb></lb>quàm reliquos homines ad ſummum perduxerit. </s> <s>Tametſi ea varietas actionum vndecunque <lb></lb>naſcatur, in homine ſolo maxima eſſe perſpicitur: quandò ſumma illius actio, vt exiſtat, & exer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1990"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceatur; multis egeat aliis actionibus atque inſtrumentis; ratio & intelligentia nimirum quæ tum <lb></lb><expan abbr="domũ">domum</expan> perfecta eſt, cùm cæteris per <expan abbr="loquelã">loquelam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius pars vna potiſsima quę poſita <lb></lb>eſt in contemplatione, & ea quidem perfecta ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, quòd ad hanc vnam reliquæ <lb></lb>omnes inſtituuntur, ab illa vna tanquàm ab vltimo fine directæ, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem varios conſecutæ <lb></lb>gradus, <expan abbr="variiſq́">variiſque</expan>. </s> <s>organis vſæ ſunt. </s> <s>Cæteræ, hac vna excepta, aut non eò præſtantiæ prouectę ſunt, <lb></lb>aut minore negocio bonum illud ſummum aſſequuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò arbitror multitudinem fun<lb></lb>ctionum ſimpliciter arguere <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, vt de corpore cęleſti patet, in quo motus vnus exiſtit, <lb></lb>& vna ſimplex intelligentia, quod tamen homini anteponit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed de formis natura<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1991"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>libus hîc agamus, illud opinantes in cęlo ſubſtantiam non exiſtere per formam, verùm eſſe actu <lb></lb>per ſe, & in eo <expan abbr="ponẽtes">ponentes</expan> actum, quia materia .i. </s> <s>ſubiectum motus ſit actu, ac formam in eo latius ac<lb></lb>cepta notione collocantes quàm vſu communi ſumi conſueuerit, cuius quinque proprietates af<lb></lb>ferri ſolent. </s> <s>Prima quidem quòd producitur ab agente naturali per actioneis corporeas, & per af<lb></lb>fectioneis materiæ quæ circum ipſam fiunt: ex quo diſtinguitur ab artis forma & ab iis quæ ex <lb></lb>conſecutione gignuntur, qualia ſunt accidentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item ab iis quæ, cùm æterna ſint, ex alio pen<lb></lb>dent, vt à Sole lux. </s> <s>Altera verò producitur in materia, atque ita, vt cum ipſa copuletur intrinſecè; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1992"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ob id etiam per totum deducta ſit in animo carentibus, in perfectis ex parte conſtituat totum, <lb></lb>quo, præterquàm quòd ab artis forma ſeparatur; ab iis etiam diſiungitur quæ aſsiſtunt, & dicun<lb></lb>tur formæ per aſſociationem, vel appropriationem, quales habentur beatæ mentes in cęlo: qua<lb></lb>propter in materia quoque ponuntur: nec tamen ſunt formæ materiatæ: apparet enim earum <lb></lb>operatio in materia, ſic etiam rei ſenſilis, vel intelligendæ ſpecies à naturali forma ſegregatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tertia, ſicut exoritur in materia, vel ponitur in ipſa; ita quoque indiſſolubiliter inhæret, vſque <lb></lb>adeò vt earum diſſolutio ſit formæ interitus. </s> <s>ita differt à formis ſeparatis quæ per ſe conſiſtunt <lb></lb>nullo modo pendentes ex materia, & cùm ſint partes, à partibus quanti ſegregatur quæ per<lb></lb>manent extra totum. </s> <s>Quarta, quemadmodum eſt in materia, ſic quoque eius officia cum <lb></lb>materia communia ſunt: par enim progreſſus eſt functionis & eſſentiæ. </s> <s>Mentes item beatæ <lb></lb>habent officium aliquod à materia ſeparatum: de noſtra dubitatur à Peripateticis. </s> <s>Aliquæ præ<lb></lb>tereà ſunt mathematicarum functiones quæ ſunt ſine materia; vt, quòd ſphæra tangat planum <lb></lb>in puncto. </s> <s>Itaque in naturali functio non formæ, ſed aut forma, aut ex forma; neque mate<lb></lb>riæ ſimpliciter, ſed in materia, & demum eius quod ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conflatur. </s> <s>Poſtrema, <lb></lb>ſicut eſt in materia, & operatur in materia; ſic etiam per materiam definitur. </s> <s>itaque à mathe<lb></lb>matica forma ſeparatur, quæ, tametſi eſt in materia, & cum ipſa operatur, ſiquidem ſit termi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1993"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus corporis naturalis, attamen non definitur per materiam. </s> <s>Aria igitur eſt natura cœleſtis; <lb></lb>veruntamen, vt eius functio ſit naturalis, atque illa quidem ſimplex, nempe conuerſio, quic<lb></lb>quid vltra agit, vt appetere, vel Dei mouentis habere notionem, id eſt ſupra naturam; nec in<lb></lb>tra cancellos phyſicè methodi continetur. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò cùm imperfectorum <expan abbr="perfectorum-q́ue">perfectorum<lb></lb>que</expan> animo interſit, quòd illorum vnus ſit poteſtate & actu, horum vnus quidem actu, ſed po<lb></lb>teſtate plures. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne plures ſint horum actiones, quorum animi plures eſſe poſſunt, <lb></lb>quàm eorum, quibus eſt animus vnus? </s> <s>plures ſanè illis aſsignare coguntur, qui plureis ani<lb></lb>mas brutas, <expan abbr="eaſq́ue">eaſque</expan> numero differentes in vno corpore permanere putant. </s> <s>Sed certè ſi eas è di<lb></lb>uerſo ordine accipiunt; animali perfecto, atque imperfecto nihil intererit, <expan abbr="multoq́ue">multoque</expan> plures <lb></lb>erunt in animali perfecto, quàm in imperfecto, quo item plures animi gradus inſunt in perfe<lb></lb>cto, & iidem quoque adſunt, atque in imperfecto: ſi ſubiecto differentes, hoc item ab Ariſtotele <pb pagenum="303"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1994"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non approbatur, in vnica prima ſede vniuerſas facultates animi collocante. </s> <s>At plures eos eſ<lb></lb>ſe fatetur Ariſtoteles; planè, ſed poteſtate tale eſſe vult animum vnum in vno indiuiduo ratus. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> plures operationes, quae plures eſſe queant; actu tamen vna eſt, quæ eſt vnius animantis actu <lb></lb>cuius partes ex vna prima pendeant in illo toto, per ſe ipſas operentur, vbi à toto ſeiunctæ fue<lb></lb>rint. </s> <s>Nam ramus in toto ex eiuſdem radicibus alitur; à toto aſplantatus, aut auulſus alitur per <lb></lb>ſeipſum. </s> <s>His igitur, aut totidem ferè modis actiones variari contingit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1990"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1991"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>6. Eth. c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1992"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1993"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1994"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm primus actus erumpat in ſecundum per ſui mutationem, an non. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM antequàm ad alia tranſeamus, ea dubitatio tollenda. </s> <s>Ecquid cauſſæ ſit, vt ab vna <lb></lb><expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>forma plures, atque illę quidem ſæpe contrariæ naſcantur actiones; in vno verò <lb></lb>ſubiecto paſsiones contrariæ nequeant ineſſe? </s> <s>An quæ exiſtunt indiuiduè, ſiue actiones, ſeu <lb></lb>paſsiones ſint, & quæ virtute, non actu contraria ſunt; ea multa ineſſe in ſubiecto non eſt incon<lb></lb>ueniens; quæ diuiduè recipiuntur, hæc actu vnà non conſiſtunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> dum certo quodam actu <lb></lb>materies informatur, ex toto accipiens, alteri oppoſito locum dare non poteſt. </s> <s>Hinc in medio <lb></lb>contrariorum colorum formæ, & <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> ſenſilium ſpecies in ſenſu communi, quòd ſine ma<lb></lb>teria ſuſcipiantur; in lapide color albus, & niger haud quaquam. </s> <s>Supereſt nunc illud inquiren<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1995"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum de primo <expan abbr="ſecundoq́">ſecundoque</expan>. </s> <s>actu, an'ne primus aliqua in ſe ipſo accepta mutatione traducatur ad <lb></lb>ſecundum. </s> <s>Quoniam verò primus actus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſecundus in compoſito conſiſtunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deducitur <lb></lb>primus ad ſecundum, niſi in compoſito: quo fit, vt compoſitum ex actu primo ad ſecundum pro<lb></lb>moueri iure optimo dicatur, id quod quæritur de tranſitione primi in ſecundum transferatur <expan abbr="cõ-modius">con<lb></lb>modius</expan> ad ſubiectum quod eſt coniunctum è materia ſeu potentia prima, & actu primo quæ eſt <lb></lb>forma & habitus. </s> <s>Vbi inter Græcos auctores Philoponum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Simplicium interponendum erit <lb></lb>omnino iudicium <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan>, quandoquidem hi contrarias ſententias profeſsi ſunt, exiſtimante Sim<lb></lb>plicio mutationem, quin potius verum motum in ſubiecto fieri. </s> <s>Philopono verò contrà, nulla <lb></lb>prorſus mutatione opus eſſe; quas diuerſas ſententias ob diuerſas cauſſas, ad quas ipſi ſeſe adiun<lb></lb>xere, defendiſſe credimus. </s> <s>Alter enim, vt mundum prorſus ingenitum cum Ariſtotele tueretur, is <lb></lb>autem ſic argumentabatur. </s> <s>Si mundus habuiſſet initium, fore, vt primus motor, dum anteà ni<lb></lb>hil egiſſet, poſteà verò mundum fabricatus eſſet, eſſet mutatus: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>mutationem ortui mundi <lb></lb>neceſſariò anteceſſuram, vt fidem illi argumento adhiberet: efficiens propriè cùm ex actu primo <lb></lb>transferretur in ſecundum, neceſſariò motum iri teſtatus eſt. </s> <s>Philoponus autem, qui tota mente <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1996"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>(vti par erat) pietatem amplexatus, & mundi creationi patrocinatus eſt, defendere voluit: etiam<lb></lb>ſi Deus è primo in ſecundum actum tranſiret, non ob id aliquam in ipſum cadere mutationem: <lb></lb>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam proſterni <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> Ariſtotelicam. </s> <s>Probabat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inſtitutum ſuum ſimili <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <lb></lb>Simplicius: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ædificator qui eſt actu primo, in ſecundum procedit, vbi ædificat actu, atqui <lb></lb>ædificare eſt hoc, aut illo modo iuxta canones artis agitari. </s> <s>Ergo per argumentum à caſibus & <lb></lb>coniugatis, proceſſus ab actu primo in ſecundum, eſt omnino motus. </s> <s>Negauit in eo <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> <lb></lb>ineſſe Philoponus; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolùm interuenire, cùm è potentia prima tranſeat ſubiectum ad actum <lb></lb>primum. </s> <s>Nam quod, inquit ipſe, mouetur ab aliquo, mouetur ab eo quod eſt tale, quale pote<lb></lb>state eſt id quod mouetur. </s> <s>hîc nihil eſt actu tale, à quo primum mouens in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum dedu<lb></lb>catur, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ædificator, vt in <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> perſiſtamus. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt alius ædificator, à quo hic, qui ædi<lb></lb>ficat, è poteſtate traducatur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſicuti prius, quàm fieret ædificator: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> anteceſ<lb></lb>ſiſſe alium ædificatorem actu oportuit, à quo ædificator hic fieret, ſed per ſe ipſum ex ædificatore <lb></lb>tranſit ad ædificandum. </s> <s>Quia verò nihil immutat ſe ipſum, ne ſit poteſtate ſimul & actu, neque <lb></lb>deprehendatur in repugnantia: reſtat ergo, vt id quod è ſecunda potentia tranſit ad actum ſecun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1997"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum, ſit prorſus immutabile. </s> <s>Neutra tamen ex his ſententiis valde mihi arridet, ſi Peripateticè <lb></lb>ſim acturus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> aſſeuerare <expan abbr="ædificatorẽ">ædificatorem</expan>, quatenus ædificat, moueri, certè eſt in eo quod mouet, <lb></lb>quatenus mouet, ponere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, ac facere <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> mouere ſimul àc moueri. </s> <s>ita forè ſimul <lb></lb>actu & poteſtate, & in repugnantia, quod penitus ab Ariſtotele exploſum fuiſſe ſcimus. </s> <s>Nam ſic <lb></lb>aditus intercluderetur philoſophis ad inueniendum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> primum <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> qui eſſet prorſus <lb></lb>immobilis. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> vis ſeſe tolleret in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto, quid vetabit, quominus mouens, qua<lb></lb>tenus tale, moueatur? </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> per ſeipſum ſufficiet, nec alio motore opus erit. </s> <s>Idcirco in iis quę <lb></lb>ſeparata <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> à materia, philoſophi <expan abbr="volũt">volunt</expan>, <expan abbr="fũctioneis">functioneis</expan> eſſe perpetuas, & <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> prorſus cum <expan abbr="operãte">operante</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſi minus mouerentur per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, & non eſſent ſubſtantiæ ſimplices, ſed ex materia <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõcretę">concretę</expan>. </s> <s>Niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> functiones perpetuę <expan abbr="forẽt">forent</expan>, aliqua mutatio, vel <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe, vel p <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> deſideratetur, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb>ex ocio <expan abbr="trãſirent">tranſirent</expan> in <expan abbr="negociũ">negocium</expan>, ac ſi functiones <expan abbr="eædẽ">eædem</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="eſsẽt">eſsent</expan>, eiuſmodi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="eſsẽt">eſsent</expan> per <expan abbr="aliqd">aliquod</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="adiunctũ">adiunctum</expan>: ita <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="eſsẽt">eſsent</expan> ſimplices. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan> <expan abbr="sẽtio">sentio</expan>, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> profeſſus eſt Philoponus ex <expan abbr="sẽtẽtia">sententia</expan> <expan abbr="Pe-ripateticorũ">Pe<lb></lb>ripateticorum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuſpicionẽ">ſuſpicionem</expan> purgauerit, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="paſsionẽ">paſsionem</expan> depulit ab eo, qui ædificat: <lb></lb>quippe quae vbi ſit primus actus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> impediatur, ſemper operabitur, non operatur autem, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>adeſt impedimentum. </s> <s>tollendum igitur eſt impedimentum: <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> ſi ſuſtuleris, iam quod anteà <pb pagenum="304"></pb>quieſcebat operabitur. </s> <s>Itaque mutatio eſt in eo quod traducitur ex actu primo in ſecundum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1998"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm anteà non operaretur, operetur verò poſteà. </s> <s>Proinde mediam quandam rationem in eun<lb></lb>dam eſſe cenſeo, vt mutatio quidem antecedat, ſiquando id quod eſt ſolùm in actu primo, tran<lb></lb>ſire debeat ad ſecundum. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò mutatio ad aliquod ſubiectum pertinere poteſt va<lb></lb>riis modis, vel quia fundetur eo, quod mutatur, antecedente affectione quadam in ipſo: vel quia <lb></lb>mutatio quæ in alio facta eſt, illo terminetur. </s> <s>Rurſus illa prior ita diſtinguitur vel quòd primò <lb></lb>terminetur affectio ſubiecti certa forma, vel quòd euiſmodi affectionem extrinſecùs alia quędam <lb></lb>conſequatur. </s> <s>Exempla ſingularum hæc ſunto. </s> <s>Caliditas eſt ex eo genere formarum, ſecundum <lb></lb>quas <expan abbr="trãſmutatur">tranſmutatur</expan> ſubiectum, fiens calidum, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe terminat motum, quia calefactio nil <lb></lb>eſt aliud, quàm via in caliditatem. </s> <s>Sed etiam ſecundùm nigredinem tranſmutatur AEthiops, ve<lb></lb>rùm non per ſe quidem, ſed quia calefit nimis, adeò vt ex illa perpeſsione quæ profecta eſt à pri<lb></lb>mis qualitatibus, hoc ſecundum affectionis genus exoriatur, neque enim ſimpliciter denigratur <lb></lb>ſubiectum, neque terminatur nigredine primò illi innata facultas, ſed quia calefit, denigratur, & <lb></lb>denigratum eſt, quoniam incaluit, atque affectum quidem eſt anteà ſubiectum, non propriè per <lb></lb>nigredinem, ſed per caliditatem. </s> <s>Quod autem è ſiniſtra mihi fiat immobilis illa columna, dexte<lb></lb>ra; nulla perpeſsio præiuit in columna, ſed motus meus ſecundùm locum ſitu quodam termina<lb></lb>tus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> omnino per accidens. </s> <s>non enim ſitus eſt lationis terminus, ſed locus & vbi. </s> <s>Ita mu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg1999"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatio ſecundùm ſitum non requirit aliquam affectionem quæ prægreſſa fuerit in columna; ve<lb></lb>runtamen & hæc mutatio non ſine motu quopiam facta eſt. </s> <s>Quibus poſitis aimus. </s> <s>Vbi tranſeat <lb></lb>id quod eſt in actu primo, ad actum ſecundum, eam certè mutationem eſſe: attamen nil prohibet <lb></lb>ipſam eſſe è tertiò hoc genere mutationum quæ non ſit ſine motu quidem, tamen ille motus per <lb></lb>ſe non terminatur mutatione quæ fundetur eo quod eſt actu primo, nec <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> affectione ſecundùm <lb></lb>id quo mutatio illa terminatur. </s> <s>Cęterùm quoniam ex actibus ſecundis, quemadmodum ſæpe <lb></lb>dictum eſt, quidam ſunt immanentes, alij tranſeuntes; nil, opinor, vetat, quominus, qui aliquem <lb></lb>exerceat è tranſeuntibus, quoniam egent tranſmutatione materiæ quæ mouenda eſt, cùm etiam <lb></lb>ipſi corporei ſint, & organici, mouens autem corporeum & organicum moueatur inter mouen<lb></lb>dum, etiam ipſe moueri poſsit. </s> <s>At non id quidem ad id contingit, quòd fungitur actu ſecundo, <lb></lb>ſed ob antedictam cauſſam, ad illud ſcilicet, ex quo actus ille ſecundus erumpit, & in quod expli<lb></lb>catur. </s> <s>Idcirco dicimus in argumento Simplicij fallaciam ſecundùm <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ineſſe: tribuit enim <lb></lb>per ſe ædificatori, cùm ædificat, id quod ei per accidens conuenit, & quatenus reſpicit materiam, <lb></lb>vel quam ædificando ipſe tranſmutat, vel eam qua actio ipſa fundatur. </s> <s>Nec meus hic ſermo eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2000"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed Ariſtotelis ipſius ita loquentis 2. de An. <foreign lang="grc">διὸ οὐ καλῶς ἔχει λέγειν τὸ φονοῦν, ὁταν φονῇ ἀλ<lb></lb>λοιοῦσθαι, οῦτε τὸν ὀικοδόμον, ὀταν ὀικοδομῇ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>“Quapropter non rectè ſe habet dicere cogitans, vbi <lb></lb>cogitet affici, ſicuti neque ædificans, vbi ædificet.” Ad Philoponum verò ſic reſponderet Peripa<lb></lb>teticus. </s> <s>Cùm primùm opponit. </s> <s>Quod mouetur ab aliquo mouetur ab eo quod eſt actu tale, <lb></lb>quale poteſtate eſt id quod mutatur, nil autem eiuſmodi eſt in propoſito. </s> <s>Diximus enim anteà, <lb></lb>talem <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> eſſe illorum quæ per ſe efficiunt; at quod hîc deducit ex actu primo in ſecun<lb></lb>dum, mutat per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. </s> <s>Itaque eodem vitio Philoponi ratio laborat quo Simplicianam labora<lb></lb>re docuimus. </s> <s>Cùm adſcribitur poſteà. </s> <s>Nihil immutat ſeipſum: ergo ſine vlla mutatione tranſit <lb></lb>ex actu primo in ſecundum, adeſt etiam in hoc fallacia ſecundùm conſequens; quoniam id ex <lb></lb>eo ſequitur, quòd ſine perpeſsione facta circum ſeipſum tranſmutetur; non tamen, quòd abſo<lb></lb>lutè ſine tranſmutatione quæ cùm fiat in alio, deſinat ad ipſum: & id cum antecedente conſiſtit, <lb></lb>quòd non mutet ſeipſum, & quòd ab alio mutari debeat ſi tranſire ipſum oportet ab actu primo <lb></lb>ad ſecundum, non autem neceſſariò ſequitur, vt ſit prorſus immobile, quemadmodum ipſe con<lb></lb>cludere conatus eſt. </s> <s>Sed iam ſatis multa de actu primo & ſecundo. </s> <s>Redeamus ergo nunc ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2001"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rem, & quæ conſtituta ſunt, ad propoſitum accommodemus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1995"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1996"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1997"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1998"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1999"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2000"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2001"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt motus à generante permánet ad id quod gignitur, auctoris ſententia. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX his ergo fortaſſe licebit aliqua conſtituere conuenienter Græcorum placitis, de motu ele<lb></lb>menti qui fit à generante. </s> <s>Primùm enim generans, quatenus huiuſmodi, transfert rem quę <lb></lb>generatur ordine naturæ prius è potentia prima quam dicunt eſſentialem, ad actum primum qui <lb></lb>eſt ipſa forma de prędicamento ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id omnino per ſe facit, & proximè. </s> <s>quoniam eius <lb></lb>natura talis eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt ſiquis huius rei cauſſam adhuc requirat, neſcio equidem, quid futurum ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2002"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>apud illum ita perſpicuum in philoſophia, quin ipſi demonſtrationem adhibendam eſſe putet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et cùm ea ſit functio ſubſtantiæ elementi, quatenus huiuſmodi, vt ſit graue aut leue; re qui<lb></lb>dem ipſa eadem cum ſubſtantia: quandoquidem poteſtatem ſubſtantiæ ſignificant ad ſuam <lb></lb>perfectionem, quia verò non perueniunt ad actum, niſi per motum; ideò tempore quidem <lb></lb>ſimul, ſed natura poſterius motum producit in ipſis id quod generat: quare ſecundò mouet. <pb pagenum="305"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2003"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Deinde cùm forma tum ſit abſoluta, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> muneribus ſuis fungitur, & ex illis quidem, eo quod <lb></lb>perfectiſsimum eſt, & maximè ſecundùm naturam: ita per ſe generans. </s> <s>efficit, vt eam quoque <lb></lb>perfectionem elargiatur, niſi quid obſtet. </s> <s>Sed quoniam ea perfectio ſumma eſt, cùm iam obti<lb></lb>nuere <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> proprium, & id primò quidem efficit ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, origine verò poſterius; huc <lb></lb>enim ſpectant omneis mutationeis antecedenteis: fit, vt motus à generante ſecundò propter du<lb></lb>plicem ordinem efficiatur: primum quidem, quia mouet, poſtquàm priore ſcilicet naturæ mo<lb></lb>mento ſubſtantiam produxit, vbi motus ſe habet ſicuti conſequens;; alterum verò, ordine vide<lb></lb>licet perfectionis: quoniam ipſe dirigitur ad <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, & ea terminatur, quæ eſt vltimus efficientis <lb></lb>ipſius finis. </s> <s>Iterum generans ordine naturæ prius habitum producit, ordine verò perfectionis <lb></lb>ipſum <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum. </s> <s>Non enim ob aliud habitum inducit, niſi vt functio conſequatur, ſine <lb></lb>qua res non ſe habet ſecundum naturam. </s> <s>At quia ſecundus requirit primum non impeditum, <lb></lb>& ab eo propter <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> aliquando ſeiungitur, vt cùm vapor qui interdiù ſublatus à calo<lb></lb>re Solis, nocturno frigori occurrens in roris pruinæúe ſpeciem delabitur, generans <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> prius <lb></lb>conſtituit, tum deinde actum, ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> habitus origine antecedit. </s> <s>Prætereà quoniam ſecun<lb></lb>dus actus impediri poteſt, propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & oppoſitionem. </s> <s>ſæpe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit, vt id quod genitum eſt, <lb></lb>exire non poſsit <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum, ſed videtinetur, quemadmodum ignis in terræ cauitatibus; ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2004"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nerans ipſum neceſſariò facit habitum, <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> verò non neceſſariò. </s> <s>Verùm quia natura illius <lb></lb>eſt deducere rem in actum ſecundum: vbi id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pręſtet, hoc eſt illi pręter naturam. </s> <s>Porrò actus <lb></lb>iſte ſecundus aut eſt imperfectus, aut perfectus. </s> <s>quando perfectus eſt, omnis agentis actio ceſſat; <lb></lb>tum operatur agens, cùm ſecundus imperfectus adhuc eſt. </s> <s>Quare generans ita ſpectat elementi <lb></lb><expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> quę eſt eſſe in ſuo loco, vt primum eius eſſe terminet <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ſuam actionem, quod eſt vlti<lb></lb>mum eſſe motus: vniuerſum verò motum efficiat. </s> <s>Poſtremò generans ita mouet elementum, vt <lb></lb>mutet ipſum ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, moueat autem ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> gradus, ſeu partes <lb></lb>formæ ſignificant terminos qui ſunt à forma, licet imperfectos: hi verò puncto temporis acce<lb></lb>dunt: atqui in puncto non fit motus. </s> <s>Motus continuationem deſiderat, hæc autem proficiſcitur <lb></lb>à materia. </s> <s>Idcirco generans propriè mouet elementum propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> non ſanè, quia materia <lb></lb>moueatur, ſed quia ſit cauſſa motus, vt ſubiectum, & vt poteſtas quæ ſuapte natura diuidua ſit; <lb></lb>ob id non ita pullulat ex materia motus, quòd ipſa motum intendat, ſed quia neceſsitatem ipſius <lb></lb>inſequatur. </s> <s>Cùm enim in materia ſit contrarium, ideò forma per <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> in ducitur. </s> <s>Ex quo <lb></lb>etiam illud tanquam corollarium afferri poteſt. </s> <s>quòd cùm in elemento, dum gignitur, adſit in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2005"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trinſeca reſiſtentia: ſi hæc per ſe motus eſt cauſſa, quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in vacuo poterit elementum moueri, <lb></lb>dum gignitur. </s> <s>Planum quoque eſt, quantum ſpectat ad motum illum qui fit à generante; eum <lb></lb>non modò ab initio fieri, verùm etiam <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> peruenerit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> in ſuum locum, vbi ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quieſcit, quòd ſi id non efficiat generans, eſt ob affectionem non naturalem, & per <lb></lb>accidens. </s> <s>Inanis igitur illa diſtinctio eſt, in motu qui fit à generante, illorum qui dicunt elemen<lb></lb>ta in principio quidem ab alio moueri, in proceſſu verò à ſua forma. </s> <s>Neque verò eſt quòd <lb></lb>obiiciant aliquando perire ipſum generans, antequàm abſoluat rem quæ mouetur, quòd virtus <lb></lb>generantis impreſſa eſt in materia, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>promouet mobile, cum ad ſuam formam, tum etiam ad <lb></lb>ſuum vbi: ſicut item teſtatur Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> de vi ſeminis à patre ſecreta, & tamen adhuc ſeruan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2006"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis efficacitatem, per quam prouehit embryon ad conſummationem. </s> <s>Quapropter etiam ſi vi<lb></lb>deantur aliqua per ſe & ſpontè gigni; nihilominus exiſtimandum eſt abeſſe quidem mouens, <lb></lb>ſed virtutem eius adhuc eſſe ſuperſtitem, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> generale eſt cum in iis quæ ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>mouentur, tum etiam in iis quę alienis motibus aguntur, & cùm in animatis, tum etiam in animo <lb></lb>carentibus. </s> <s>Cęterùm operęprecium hîc eſt Ariſtotelis ſententiam iis ipſis verbis quibus eſt ſcri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2007"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pta 2. de animalium ortu depromere. </s> <s>quę ſunt huiuſmodi. <foreign lang="grc">Ἐνδέχεται δὶ τόδε κινῆσαι, τό δε δὲ <lb></lb>τόδε, καὶ εἶναι οῖ̔ον τὰ ἀυτόματα τῶν θαυμάτων. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἔχοντα γάρ πως ὐπάρχει δυν́αμιν τὰ μόρια ἠρε<lb></lb>μοινυτα, ῶ̓ν τὸ πρῶτον ὁταν τικινήσῃ τῶν ἔξωθεν, εὐθὺς τὸ ἐχόμενον γινεται ἐνεργεία. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ῶ̓σπερ <lb></lb>οὖν ἐντοῖς ἀυτομάτοις, τρόπον μὲν τινα ἐκεῖνο κινεῖ, οὐχ ἀπτόμενον νύν οὐδενὸς, ἁψαμενον μὲν<lb></lb>τοι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁμόιος δὲ καὶ ἀφ' οὖ τὸ σπέρμα, ἤ τὸ ποιῆσαν τὸ σπέρμα, ἀψαμενον μὲν τινος, οὐχ ἀπτόμεα<lb></lb>νον δέτοι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τρόπον δέτινα ἡ ἐν οῦσα κινησις ῶ̔σπερ ἡ ὀικοδόμησις τλὠ ὀικίαν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁτι μὲν οῦ̓ν ἐστ̀ι τε <lb></lb>ὅποιει, οὐχ οὑτως δὲ ὡς τόδετι, οὐδ' ἐνυπάρψει ὡς τετελεσμὲνον τὸ πρῶτον, δῆλον</foreign>. </s> <s>& cętera, <lb></lb>quæ ibi ſequuntur, his, quæ iam poſita ſunt, adamuſsim reſpondentia, quorum ſenſus hic eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>“Fieri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poteſt, vt hoc ab hoc moueatur, & hoc ab hoc, <expan abbr="ſitq́">ſitque</expan>. </s> <s>proinde quaſi admirabilia illa ſpon<lb></lb>tina: partes enim habent vim modo quodam <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cùm quieſcunt; quarum primam vbi extrin<lb></lb>ſecùs aliquid mouerit, ſtatim proxima actu efficitur, vt igitur in ſpontinis illis <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> illud <lb></lb>mouet, quod nihil nunc tangit, ſed, anteà tetigit; ſic id à quo ſemen effecit, mouet, cùm aliquid <lb></lb>tetigerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="quãquam">quanquam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> adhuc <expan abbr="tãgit">tangit</expan>, & motus qui ineſt, quodam efficit modo, vt ædificatio ædes. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur eſſe aliquid, quod efficiat, ſed non ita, vt hoc quicquam, nec perfectum ineſſe <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan>, <lb></lb>apertum iam eſt.” Pergamus vlterius poſtquàm ob imperitiam nonnullorum <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> in re cla <pb pagenum="306"></pb>riſsima diutius <expan abbr="immorãdum">immorandum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Idem quoque pronunciauit hęc verba. <foreign lang="grc">ὁσα δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀυτομά-<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg2008"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>του ὧσπερ ἐκεῖ γίνεται</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt, vt in artificioſis, hoc eſt, admirabilibus illis ſpontinis. <foreign lang="grc">ὁσων ἡ <lb></lb>υλη δυν́ατα καὶ ὑφ' αὐτῆς κινεῖσθαι ταυτην τὴν κινησῖν ῆ̓ν τὸ σπέρμα κινεῖ</foreign>. </s> <s>“Quæcunque <lb></lb>verò quorum materia poteſt & à ſeipſa moueri eo motu quo ſemen mouet, & caſu, ſicut ibi <lb></lb>fiunt.” Prętereà quęſtionibus mechanicis quęrit. </s> <s>cur quippiam non ſecundùm peculiarem ſibi <lb></lb>fertur lationem, impulſore alioqui non conſequente. </s> <s>reſpondet autem, quoniam primum <lb></lb>id efficit, vt alterum impellat, <expan abbr="illudq́ue">illudque</expan> rurſus, vt alterum: ceſſat autem quando non poteſt <lb></lb>amplius facere primum impellens id quod fertur, vt impellat, & quando ipſius lati graui<lb></lb>tas nutu ſuo declinat magis, quàm impellentis in ante ſit potentia. </s> <s>Idem quoque docuit <lb></lb>corde à teſtudine auulſo vires animi per ſpiritus eſſe ſuperſtites. </s> <s>Verùm quid ego immoror <lb></lb>hîc diutius, cùm hoc ſit manifeſtè negare motum proiectorum, cuius item cauſſa ex eo du<lb></lb>cta eſt ab Ariſtotele, quòd vis à mouente primo contiguis partibus, per ſucceſsionem commu<lb></lb>nicetur? </s> <s>hæc enim apud ipſum leguntur. </s> <s>“Et ſi facit, quemadmodum lapis, veluti, ſi mouet id <lb></lb>quod mouit, neceſſe ſanè eſt, hoc quidem dicere, quod primum mouens facit, vt poſsit mo<lb></lb>uere, aut aër hic, aut aqua, aut aliud quid huiuſmodi, quod natum eſt mouere & moueri, <lb></lb>ſed non ceſſat ſimul mouere, ſed moueri quidem ſimul, cùm mouens ceſſauerit moueri, mo<lb></lb>uens autem adhuc eſt, quapropter mouetur quid alij contiguum & in hoc eadem ratio eſt, hæc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2009"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtoteles.” erat autem exorta dubitatio an'ne perpetuò motor vnà cùm mobili coniunctus ſit, <lb></lb>& in mouendo moueatur: quare etiam docet Ariſtoteles, vt primo motore ceſſante à motu <lb></lb>quæ coniuncta ſunt, adhuc moueri poſsint, quia verò & verſio à nobis correcta eſt aliquantu<lb></lb>lum, & verba Græca fauent nobis; addam quoque verba ipſiuſmet Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Inquit igitur. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ εἰποιεῖ ὥσπερ ἡ λιθος, οῖ̔ον τε κινεῖν, ὃ ἐκίνησεν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἀνάγαη δὴ τοῦτο μὲν λέγειν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὑτι τὸ πρῶτον <lb></lb>κινῆσαν ποιεῖ ὁ̂ιύν τε κινεῖν, ἢ τὸν ἀέρα τοῦτον ἢ τὸ ὑδωζ, ἢ ἄλλ' οτι τούτον, ὃ πέφυκε κινεῖν <lb></lb>καὶ κινεῖσθαι ἀλλ' οὐχ ἀμα παύνεται κινοῦν καὶ κινούμενον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἀλλὰ κινούμενον μὲν άμα. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁταν δὲ ὁ κι<lb></lb>νῶν παυσηται κινοῦν δ' έτι ἐστὶν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">διὸ κινεῖτι ἄλλα ἐχόμενον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου ὁ ἀυτὸζ λόγος</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt, & ſi fa<lb></lb>cit, quemadmodum magnes, vt id quod ipſe mouit mouere poſsit. </s> <s>Neceſſe ſanè eſt, hoc dicere, <lb></lb>quòd id quod <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mouit, facit vt mouere poſsit, aut aërem hunc, aut <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> aut horum aliud <lb></lb>quippiam, quod natum aptum eſt mouere & moueri, ſed non vnà ceſſat mouere, & moueri: <lb></lb>at vnà quidem mouetur. </s> <s>Sed quando mouens ceſſet in motu, adhuc ipſum mouens eſt, idcir<lb></lb>co mouet aliquod aliud contiguum & in hoc eadem ratio. </s> <s>Sed etiam clarius lib. 3. de Cęlo. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὡσπερ γὰρ ἐναφαψασα</foreign> (<foreign lang="grc">δύναμις</foreign>) <foreign lang="grc">παραδιδωσιν ἑκατέρῳ. διὸ καὶ οὐ παρακολουθῆν τος τοῦ κι-</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2010"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">νήσαντος φέρεται τὸ βιᾳ κινηθεν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">εἰ γά μὴ τοιοῦτον τὸ σῶμα ὑπῆρχεν, οὐκ ἂν ἧν ἡ βιᾳ κινησις. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"><lb></lb>καὶ τὰλοι</foreign>: hoc eſt, “quemadmodum enim attingens, ſcilicet facultas, alteri impartitur. </s> <s>idcir<lb></lb>co neque ſubſequente eo, quod mouit, fertur id quod vi mouetur. </s> <s>niſi enim corpus huiuſ<lb></lb>modi quippiam ſubſiſteret. </s> <s>nullus certè foret motus violentus.” quid plura? </s> <s>nullus illuſtrior <lb></lb>locus in tota philoſophia naturali, quàm quòd mouens aliquod primum per media moueat, <lb></lb>& cùm quieuerit, motus adhuc conſequatur. </s> <s>Neque enim vbi habitus calorem copioſius con<lb></lb>ceperint à ſole, noctu manent, ſed ſuperius aguntur: aliter annui nunquam concreſcerent, <lb></lb>ſed ſingulis noctibus illi qui ſublati ſunt, delaberentur. </s> <s>Vides ſaxo in aquam proiecto ac imum <lb></lb>iam attingente partes aquæ deinceps in gyrum agi, & adhuc verti rotam figulinam, figulo <lb></lb>quieſcente; calorem ignis in aqua & ferro longius ab igni ſeruari. </s> <s>ita etiam concitatum naui<lb></lb>gium, cùm remiges impetum primum fecerunt, retinet tamen aliquem motum, & curſum <lb></lb>ſuum intermiſſo impetu, <expan abbr="pulſuq́ue">pulſuque</expan> remorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> opus in natura ſic frequens eſt, vt mo<lb></lb>tus etiam animatorum attingat. </s> <s>Vnde enim vox obſecro, poſtquam reſtitit clamans, per ali<lb></lb>quod temporis interuallum exauditur? </s> <s>Vnde ſomniorum cauſſa ab Ariſtotele reddita eſt? </s> <s>vn<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2011"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de phantaſmatum vis in abſentia ſenſilium? </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> An non ſic definitum phantaſma. </s> <s>Motus fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2012"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctus in primo ſenſorio quieſcente primo mouente, quod eſt obiectum, quod non eſt amplius <lb></lb>præſens? </s> <s>piget ſanè me cętera adſcribere quæ paſsim in philoſophia <expan abbr="medicinaq́ue">medicinaque</expan> mihi ſuccur<lb></lb>runt. </s> <s>Nam quis negare audebit etiam ſeminis facultatem per multos annos conſeruari diutius, <lb></lb>vt patet in notis inceſtis in ſeruis <expan abbr="aliiſq́ue">aliiſque</expan> animalibus quæ ad nepotes vſque propagantur, <expan abbr="auo-rumq́">auo<lb></lb>rumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimilitudinibus, & non minus in effigie quàm moribus animi? </s> <s>Non'ne monent etiam <lb></lb>ſpectandos arietes <expan abbr="aſinoſq́ue">aſinoſque</expan> admiſſarios, ne forte illi ſub lingua nigricantes maculas habeant, <lb></lb>hi ſi diſcolores pilos habeant in palpebris, ne ab illis agni nigri, ab his autem pulli diſcolores <lb></lb>oriantur? </s> <s>ita poteſt vis ſeminis & generantis in vniuerſis rebus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idq́ue">Idque</expan> adeò perpetuum, <lb></lb>vt per animi noſtri motus pertineat. </s> <s>Etenim qui excanduit, tametſi abeſt obiectum, furit adhuc. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et in oratione perpetua cùm ſcripta deficiunt, parem tamen obtinet oratio reliqua curſum ſcri<lb></lb>ptorum ſimilitudine, & vi concitata. </s> <s>Ex his igitur liquet vim adhuc primi, atque perfecti ef<lb></lb>ficientis in materia ſupereſſe; ob <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> cauſſam à ſeipſis atque ſponte moueri. </s> <s>quin potius ita <lb></lb>videri, quia non appareat motor. </s> <s><expan abbr="quomã">quomam</expan> inſtrumentum & medium ab altero ſemper aguntur. <pb pagenum="307"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2013"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quocirca rectè notatus fuerit Auicenna, ſi vnquam opinatus ſit efficientem cauſſam ſimul eſ<lb></lb>ſe debere cum effectu, quia ſit perpetuò præſens; ſiquidem virtus etiam in eius abſentia con<lb></lb>ſeruari poſsit, ſed auctoritas viri ſapientiſsimi me diſſuadet à faciendo tale præiudicium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Siquis autem curioſius quærat, quæ'nam vis ea ſit quæ remanet, atque idem efficit in elemen<lb></lb>to àc generans: quid obſtiterit, eam eſſe dicere, quæ per radios ſolis & aſtrorum reliquo<lb></lb>rum ambienti communicatur, & halitibus imprimitur, vnde calide elementa gignuntur, & <lb></lb>noctu etiam in abſentia ſolis euehuntur, <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> priuationem ex abſentia radiorum, vnde <lb></lb>frigida propagantur? </s> <s>& generatim id aſſeuerare, eam ſimilem eſſe præuiarum affectionum <lb></lb>quæ in rerum generatione flagitantur, vbi enim nondum materię poteſtatem ad ſubſtantiam <lb></lb>tentarunt, accidentia perhibentur, vbi id potentiæ genus immutant, iam aliquid ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Quare liquidò conſtat quantopere allucinentur ij qui ita argumentantur. </s> <s>Effectus in <lb></lb>actu proficiſcitur à cauſſa in actu, non autem virtute: motus in actu eſt: generans non eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ergo motus elementi non proficiſcitur ab eo, dum generatur, decipiunt enim nos ambigua vo<lb></lb>ce virtutis, eſt enim ea quæ poteſtas eſt ordinata ad actum, & eſt virtus, ideſt, illa vis, & quali<lb></lb>tas impreſſa ab efficiente materię, de qua dictum eſt nuper. </s> <s>ab illa ſanè quę contendit ad actum, <lb></lb>nil proficiſcitur quod actu ſit, ab hac aliquid proficiſci nil vetat. </s> <s>hę verò virtutes in argumento <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2014"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>commutantur. </s> <s>has autem virtutes ab Ariſtotele vocari planum eſt: ſi illa obſerues, quæ 3. de cę<lb></lb>lo <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſcripta ſunt, id enim valet quoque <foreign lang="grc">δύναμις</foreign> apud Gręcos.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2015"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2002"></margin.target>a 2. de an. <lb></lb>T. 68.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2003"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2004"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2005"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2006"></margin.target>a 1. de or<lb></lb>tu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2007"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2008"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2009"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2010"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2011"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2012"></margin.target>a 2. de an. <lb></lb>T. 138.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2013"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2014"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2015"></margin.target>a T. 28.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Virtus'ne generantis perpetuò conſeruetur in rei genitę muneribus pręstandis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NOLIM te tamen ſic agentis virtuti tribuere, vt credas etiam vires eius in re genita per<lb></lb>petuò conſeruari. </s> <s>ita vt quandocunque moueatur elementum, poſtquàm genitum eſt, <lb></lb>id ſemper acceptum referat ei quod genuit, quod video decreuiſſe nonnullos. </s> <s>quanuis in opi<lb></lb>nionis ſuæ corroborationem afferant aliquas rationeis, accipientes, vbi quædam ſe neceſſariò <lb></lb>conſequantur, vt alterum ex altero pendeat in eo, quòd ſit, quod communicat prius, commu<lb></lb>nicare etiam poſterius. </s> <s>At forma & motus formæ conueniens ita ſe habent, vt vnum ex al<lb></lb>tero pendeat in eo, quòd eſt motus, ex forma nimirum. </s> <s>Ergo quod dat formam, dat etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2016"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motum. </s> <s>Generans verò dat formam, & motum igitur. </s> <s>Deinde inquiunt, duplex eſſe mo<lb></lb>uens, aut generans, aut quod pellit impedimentum. </s> <s>ſed quod pellit impedimentum, mouet <lb></lb>per accidens; generans verò per ſe. </s> <s>quod mouet per accidens, non poteſt eſſe cauſſa mo<lb></lb>tus per ſe. </s> <s>Non igitur pellens id quod obſtat. </s> <s>Generans igitur. </s> <s>Accipiunt item grauita<lb></lb>tem & leuitatem eſſe inſtrumenta generantium. </s> <s>Quocirca cùm inſtrumenta ſemper ab alio <lb></lb>moueantur & ab eo potiſsimum cuius inſtrumenta ſunt, & grauitas & leuitas ſunt inſtru<lb></lb>menta generantis; ergo vbique grauitas & leuitas in virtute generantis efficient motum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Spectemus nunc ſit'ne id rationi conſentaneum quod propoſuimus. </s> <s>Etenim de vero efficien<lb></lb>te nobis agendum eſt, quod ab Ariſtotele diſtribuitur inter alios modos, in id quod agere po<lb></lb>teſt, aut quod iam agit ac docet id quod agere poteſt, effectui prægredi, quod verò iam agit, <lb></lb>vnà eſſe cum effectu. </s> <s>Quin verò vnà eſſe cum effectu poteſt euenire dupliciter, vel quòd <lb></lb>ipſum efficiens actu exiſtat, vel etiam quòd ſuperſtes ſit eius vis & poteſtas. </s> <s>Video illius ſen<lb></lb>tentiæ patronos ad hoc membrum facilè deſcenſuros; quapropter ad hoc nos in præſentia <lb></lb>conuertamus. </s> <s>Quomodocunque igitur ſiue actu, ſiue poteſtate ſit efficiens, concurrit ad ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2017"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cundùm officium, quid eſt motus, per primum, quæ eſt forma. </s> <s>Ergo, inquam ego, aut ope<lb></lb>ratur item efficiens aliquid erga formam, aut forma prætermiſſa ſolùm concurrit ad motum: <lb></lb>primum ſanè videtur abſurdum. </s> <s>quandò forma iam eſt, <expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> abſoluta, niſi quid vetet. <lb></lb></s> <s>vbi verò præſens fuerit in materia, ceſſat omnis motus, & proinde omnis actio generantis. <lb></lb></s> <s>nil igitur agit in formam, ſed in motum. </s> <s>At ſi ſecundùm dederis. </s> <s>igitur poſſet in ſecundum, <lb></lb>& efficeret ſecundum ſine primo. </s> <s>Quapropter ipſum non produceret, vt à primo deriua<lb></lb>retur. </s> <s>Itaque dicere oportebit id quod genuit mouere, non quia gignat dum mouet, ſed quòd <lb></lb>moueat id quod anteà genuit. </s> <s>Sed tunc illud occurret, nam cum motus ſit functio natura<lb></lb>lis, & functio formæ eſt enim & ipſa principium motus & quietis eius in quo eſt, per ſe; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> adeſt, & ideò genitum eſt elementum, non amplius à generante mouebitur, quoad <lb></lb>generat, verùm quatenus amouet impedimentum, vel tertium aliquod mouentium genus <lb></lb>eſt inueniendum, hoc ſi doceant, magnam gratiam illis habebimus, ſi docere non poſſunt, <lb></lb>vtique erit amouens impediens, ſic vnum <expan abbr="idemq́ue">idemque</expan> mouens & gignens & arcens impedi<lb></lb>mentum, <expan abbr="idemq́ue">idemque</expan> mouebit per accedens, quod tamen ipſi, tanquàm ſcopulum decli<lb></lb>nant. </s> <s>Prętereà eodem modo ſe habebit efficiens ad cęteras functioneis ſicut ad motum. <pb pagenum="308"></pb>Nulla igitur erit indiuidui functio propria, ſed omnis à generante naſcetur. </s> <s>Ita ergo mouebit ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2018"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nerans in virtute alterius generantis, & hic in patris virtute generabit: <expan abbr="eademq́ue">eademque</expan> ratione virtus <lb></lb>aut concurret ad <expan abbr="propagandũ">propagandum</expan> nepotem. </s> <s>quis igitur modus reſolutionis, niſi fictitius & optatus? <lb></lb></s> <s>quòd ſi nullus: ergo in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> ſeries efficientium reſoluetur, quod ab Ariſtotele paſsim <expan abbr="refura-tũ">refura<lb></lb>tum</expan> fuiſſe ſcimus. </s> <s>Erit etiam falſum illud pronunciatum, eadem eſſe principia per quæ res eſt, & <lb></lb>per quæ ſuo munere fungitur, aut quod hoc <expan abbr="priuilegiũ">priuilegium</expan> eſt naturæ quæ motum huius dependen<lb></lb>tiæ condemnauerit, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cęteras functioneis? </s> <s>Adhibebis gloſſema pronunciato. </s> <s>Eadem ſcili<lb></lb>cet eſſe principia <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan>, & eſſentiæ non præcipua quidem, ſed vt inſtrumenta. </s> <s>Quis tam au<lb></lb>dax erit, opinor, qui <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ponat efficientis <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, non finem antequàm producta ſit, aut <lb></lb>poſtquàm producta eſt, <expan abbr="ſimilẽ">ſimilem</expan> neget eſſe producenti, <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>cum ipſo virtutis? </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mi<lb></lb>nus homo eſt Socrates filius, quàm fuerit pater Sophroniſcus. </s> <s>& quod potuit Sophroniſcus, po<lb></lb>terit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Socrates, vbi fuerit adultus. </s> <s>Quamobrem, quod tu generanti concedis, multò melius <lb></lb>ipſi formæ tribuere valebis, & ab ea, ſiquid inerit per ſe motus in genito; <expan abbr="cõmodius">commodius</expan> exiſtet, quàm <lb></lb>à generante. </s> <s>Illud quidem bene ſe habet, ab elementi forma, quod gignitur, nullo modo poſſe <lb></lb>effici <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> & deductionem ad proprium locum, quia non dum eſt abſoluta, ſed adhuc; ab alio <lb></lb>pendet, & niſi generans inſtaret, facilè collaberetur. </s> <s>Et quanuis, ſiquis eſt motus naturalis, ille <lb></lb>ſit, dum gignitur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>; non tamen ita motus à generante producitur, quin <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſibi pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2019"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponat <expan abbr="exprimendã">exprimendam</expan>, ex qua motus ipſe poſtmodò conſequatur. </s> <s>Sed, illud, proficiſci motum à ge<lb></lb>nerante, poſtquàm <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> iam abſolutum fuerit, & niſi progreſſus eius impediatur, verè ſit, & <lb></lb>eodem <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto poſitum ſit in ſuo loco, nec moueatur alioqui niſi per accidens, vt ſuo lo<lb></lb>co dicemus, eſt illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> nimis impudens poſtulatio. </s> <s>Eſſet prætereà magis intentum efficiens & <lb></lb>magis aſsiduum in conſequente, quàm in principali pręſtando, quod ſatis probabile non eſt, cùm <lb></lb>tamen ſecundùm ſit ex primo. </s> <s>Iam verò quod concluditur. </s> <s>Quod communicat prius etiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> conſequens; dabo ſanè: ſed hîc diſtinguam de motu, & docebo <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> à generante effi<lb></lb>ci qui fit, dum <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> generatur, alterum verò qui fit in elemento genito, non eſſe eiuſdem ra<lb></lb>tionis, & ex alio principio pendêre, non ex generante, & ex forma propria multò principalius <lb></lb>quàm ex generante. </s> <s>Quod item adiiciunt; motum illum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe fieri ab arcente obicem, quia <lb></lb>mouet per accidens: at motus <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> geniti eſt naturalis & per ſe. </s> <s>hoc item poſteà diſſoluetur, <lb></lb>vbi docebimus eſſe per ſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, non quatenus <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign> quædam, ſed vt functio tota ſimul quæ <lb></lb>iam eſt abſolutæ formę propria, qua, cùm elementum ſit ſubiectum motus, eſſe vult in ſuo loco, <lb></lb>quod ſanè per <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> formam aſſequitur, addam <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motum hunc eſſe per accidens, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & à mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2020"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uente per accidens effici poſſe <expan abbr="concedã">concedam</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> abſurdum reputabo, quod iſti opponunt. </s> <s>Grauitas <lb></lb>item & leuitas ſunt inſtrumenta generantis (ſi etiam libet id dare nunc) dum fit elementum: <lb></lb>poſtquàm genitum fuerit; dicam ego, eas eſſe inſtrumenta formæ eiuſdem elementi, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ge<lb></lb>nerantis. </s> <s>quid contrà hoc afferri poſsit quod me de ſententia moueat, non video profectò. </s> <s>Reli<lb></lb>liquum eſt igitur, vt generantis etiam virtus in abſentia mouere poſsit, non tamen, vt ſit cauſſa <lb></lb>perpetua motus in elemento.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2016"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2017"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2018"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2019"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2020"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm generans aliquo modo moueat proximè, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO quo plus id conſidero quod affirmare video quoſdam: eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>magis admiror tantum <expan abbr="ſtuporẽ">ſtuporem</expan> corripuiſſe mentes eorum, vt dum exiſtimant generans <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſſe mouere, quoniam abſit, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>formam mouere præcipuè, non videant hæc <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> pugnare; <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non mouere, niſi moueatur ab alio, & ita defendere elementa ab alio moueri, quia forma <lb></lb>moueatur ab alio. </s> <s>Nam ſi ceſſet generans vt ſi abſit, ſi intereat, aut abſolutè mouebitur elemen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2021"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum à ſeipſo, aut, ſi à ſeipſo moueri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> generantis adhuc ſupereſſe oporteat, à qua <lb></lb>forma adhuc excitetur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſat eſt remouere impediens, quia nil obſtat, ſi ponatur elemen<lb></lb>tum hactenus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe perfectum, vt conſtat in annuis vaporibus, ex quibus fiunt pluuiæ, niues, & <lb></lb>grandines, qui interdiù tolluntur à ſole, nihilominus noctu non delabuntur, ſicuti vapores illi è <lb></lb>quibus fiunt rores & pruinæ. </s> <s>Sic ſeſe viciſsim mendacia tollunt, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>frequentiſsimè euenit, <lb></lb>quod ſtulto illi <expan abbr="adoleſcẽti">adoleſcenti</expan> contigit, qui cùm ſępe ſapientum ſermoneis inſulſiſsimè interpellaret, <lb></lb>grauiter ab amico admonitus, vt <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> reſpiceret, & ſeruaret, vt illo innuente taceret, ſiquid impru<lb></lb>denter ex ore excidiſſet. </s> <s>Cùm hic igitur aliquandò temere pronunciaſſet, eſſe conclaue <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <lb></lb>longitudinis trecentorum cubitorum. </s> <s>tum ab amico nutu correctus, & interim ab alio de latitu<lb></lb>dine interrogatus, è veſtigio trium cubitorum reſpondit, ita reputans ſe priorem errorem altero, <lb></lb>qui multo grauior erat, emendaturum. </s> <s>Sed properemus vlterius. </s> <s>Si generans producit motum <lb></lb>dando <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & facit motum, vt ex eo grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>perficiantur adepta ſuum locum, in quo ma<lb></lb>neant ſecundùm naturam; manifeſtum eſt, motum à generante deſcendere ſemper aliqua cauſſa <lb></lb>intercedente, quo ad naturam quidem ipſa forma, quo ad perfectionem verò naturali functione, <pb pagenum="309"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2022"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>atque illa quidem perfecta: nanque hæc extremus eſt finis eorum quæ gignuntur. </s> <s>Quare non <lb></lb>iniuria quiſpiam exiſtimarit, generans non proximè ſanè mouere, ſed remotè. </s> <s>Cęterùm hîc duo <lb></lb>nobis ſedulò tractanda ſeſe obiiciunt. </s> <s>Primùm quidem generalis ordo quem in effectu pręſtan<lb></lb>do tenent cauſſę. </s> <s>Deinde ſpecialis ſeries, atque nexus qui ſpectatur in iis actibus qui perficiunt <lb></lb>vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> omnium actionum quæ ratione diſcrepantes, de mate<lb></lb>ria conueniunt. </s> <s>Scire igitur licet, cauſſas ad <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> multifariam poſſe concurrere, vel quantum <lb></lb>ſpectat ad <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> quem habent varia inter ſe cauſſarum genera, finis, efficiens, forma, & materia, <lb></lb>vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quod pertinet ad ordinem cauſſę cuiuslibet ſeparatim in ſuo cuiuſque genere. </s> <s>Rurſus <lb></lb>varia inter ſe cauſſarum genera conſiderantur aut ſimpliciter, aut in indiuiduo; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>vel in<lb></lb>ter ſe collata, vel relata ad effectus, atque ad eos quidem aut dum fit res, aut poſtquàm facta eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et profectò ſimpliciter id quod habet <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> actus, antecedit ei quod vi poteſtatis eſt pręditum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quod eſt poteſtate, ſemper in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſuum ab eo quod eſt actu, deducitur. </s> <s>Contrà ſe res habet <lb></lb>in indiuiduo, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> poteſtas actui prægreditur: quandò id fit actu quod erat anteà poteſtate. <lb></lb></s> <s>Antequam ſit res, eſt finis ipſe quem appetunt conſequi, cum efficiens, tum materia, efficiens qui<lb></lb>dem, vt alterum faciat, quale ipſum eſt, quod propter <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> perpetuitatis, inſitum eſt in omni<lb></lb>bus rebus natura conſtantibus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Indeq́">Indeque</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2021"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2022"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne adeò genus in terris <expan abbr="hominumq́">hominumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ferarumq́">ferarumque</expan>.,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2023"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2023"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et genus ęquoreum, pecudes <expan abbr="pictęq́">pictęque</expan>. </s> <s>volures</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>In furias <expan abbr="ignemq́">ignemque</expan>. </s> <s>ruunt: amor omnibus idem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>etenim ſic fit, vt quod indiuiduum cùm ſit, perpetuum eſſe nequit; perpetuum ſpecie reddatur: <lb></lb>id autem faciat communicando materiæ ſuam <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan>, hoc eſt, ſuam formam, vt altera ſimili in <lb></lb>ipſa producta, ſuum expleat deſiderium. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt forma in altero ſit eius finis, à quo moueatur <lb></lb>primo, eo ſcilicet modo qui finis ipſius eſt proprius. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> patimur ab auctore Theogonię <lb></lb>perſuaderi rerum ſcilicet, <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> orium ex materia & priuatione, nullo actu præeunte, fuiſſe du<lb></lb>ctum. </s> <s>qui nobis hæc inuoluerit ſymbolo illo, quòd ab initio Nox, <expan abbr="Erebuſq́">Erebuſque</expan>. </s> <s>fuerint, & Tartarus, <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> terra adhuc, neque aër, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cęlum fuiſſet conditum. </s> <s>Sed noctem ex vaſto Erebi gre<lb></lb>mio <expan abbr="amorẽ">amorem</expan> ante alia progenuiſſe, qui Chao commiſtus nocturno coitu apud inferos, omne <expan abbr="mor-taliũ">mor<lb></lb>talium</expan> in <expan abbr="mortaliumq́">mortaliumque</expan>. </s> <s>genus, cum <expan abbr="corporeorũ">corporeorum</expan>, tum etiam à corpore ſolutorum in lucem ediderit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem non immeritò ab Ariſtophane fuit in Theatro ſcommatis agitatus: ille <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſub <expan abbr="auiũ">auium</expan> <lb></lb>perſona genealogiam cęli, <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> ſic recitat. </s> <s>nam, cùm eius carmina totam illius poëtæ <lb></lb>ſententiam puram <expan abbr="putamq́">putamque</expan>. </s> <s>complectantur, omittere nolui, quin ſubſcriberem. </s> <s>Nam, quod <arrow.to.target n="marg2024"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Heſiodus ipſe grauius agens indicauit potius, quàm exprimeret; hic ludens ſingula ſic diſtinxit, <lb></lb>vt quaſi ante oculos ponere nobis voluerit ad locum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2024"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Χάος ην καὶ νὺξ, ἔρεβός τε μέλαν πρῶτον, καὶ Τάταζος εὐρύσ<lb></lb> Τ ῆ δ̓ οὐδ' αἢρ, οὐ δ' οὐρανὸς ἧν, ἐρήβους δ' ἐν ἀπειροισι κόλποις,<lb></lb> Τικτει πρώτισρον ὑπηνέμιον νὺξ ἡ μελανόπτερος ωὂν.</foreign></s><lb></lb> <s><foreign lang="grc">Εξ οὐ περιτελλομένους, ὥραις, ἔβλαστεν ἔρως ὁ θεινὸς.<lb></lb></foreign></s> <lb></lb> <s><foreign lang="grc">Στιλβων νωτον πτερύγοιν χρυσαῖν, εἰκώς ἀνεμοδεσι δέναις.</foreign></s><lb></lb> <s><foreign lang="grc">Οῦ̔τος δὲ χάει πτεροεντι μιγείς νυχιω κατὰ Τάρταρον ευρήν<lb></lb> Φ' νεόττευσε γένος ἠυέτερον, καὶ πρὥτον ἀ νηγαγεν ἐς φῶς.</foreign><lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">Πρότερον δ' οὐκ ἦν γἑνος ἀθανάτων, πρὶν ἔρως συνέμιξεν ἁπαντα<lb></lb> Ξυμμιγνυμένων δ' ἑτέρων ἑτέροις γένετ' οὐρανὸς ὠκεανός τε,<lb></lb> Και γῆ, παύτων τε θεῶν μακάρων γένος ἄφθιθον</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hæc Heſiodus, ſeu phyſicè, ſeu Theologice profeſſus ſit, incertum eſt. </s> <s>Igitur vt ad rem redeam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2025"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma & actus omni poteſtati atque priuationi ſimpliciter antecedunt, cuius appetitu ducta ma<lb></lb>teria per <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> contendat in actum & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ quidem in alio longè prius exiſtant, & in <lb></lb>eo in quo ſunt, <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> boni atque appetendi retineant, de qua re multa aliàs. </s> <s>Materia verò, vt <lb></lb>per acceſſum formæ <expan abbr="conſummationẽ">conſummationem</expan> aſſequatur. </s> <s>Vltima forma eſt quæ finis erat antequàm eſſet <lb></lb>res, ſed eſt poſteà terminus omnis tranſmutationis, cùm ea præſente ceſſet <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus. </s> <s>Vbi adeſt <lb></lb>cum materia, ſimul dat eſſe indiuiduo, cauſſa <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> eſt, cùm ſit actu functio, niſi adſit impe<lb></lb>dimentum. </s> <s>Hæc ſunt formæ ipſius officia, quatenus forma eſt. </s> <s>Tum deinde vim præſtat ipſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, vt efficiat <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſibi ſimile, & eo pacto degenerat in efficiens, vbi adſint tres illę condi<lb></lb>tiones quæ 2. de An. deſcripitæ ſunt, vt ſit <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>, naturaliter affectum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mutilatum. </s> <s>Hic eſt <lb></lb>ordo naturæ inter cauſſas. </s> <s>Sed ordo item originis in ipſis agnoſcitur, qui talis eſt? </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> primum <lb></lb>eſt finis, à quo excitetur efficiens ad <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan>, hoc fini proximè ſuccedit: ab efficiente eſt forma, <lb></lb>pòſt ipſam materia: ſiquidem, ſi forma talis eſt futura, <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> ſupponi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽti">efficienti</expan> neceſſe ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex quáuis materia fit quælibet forma, Sic fit, vt finis ſit <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> cauſſa prima, & remota: <lb></lb>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem prorſus indemonſtrabilis, in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> ordine, & naturæ & originis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi finis <lb></lb>ex efficiente demonſtratur 2. Analyt. </s> <s>Poſteriorum & 2. Phyſ. tum non eſt vt cauſſa, ſed <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan>, <pb pagenum="310"></pb>quod efficitur, & actionis <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> extremum. </s> <s>Vltima, & quæ per alias omneis demonſtrari poſsit, eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2026"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia ordine naturę; ordine <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> originis forma vltima exiſtit: quoniam ipſa certam materiam <lb></lb>conſequitur. </s> <s>Hinc quærenti cur talis ſit forma producta, reſpondere licet; quoniam talis ſit ante<lb></lb>greſſa materia, <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> neceſſariò <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe conſecutam. </s> <s>Quærenti itidem cur talis ſumpta fuerit <lb></lb>materia, non ineptè reſpondebitur, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> forma talis erat futura. </s> <s>Omnia verò ab efficiente <expan abbr="cõ-parata">con<lb></lb>parata</expan> ſunt huiuſmodi, vt aſſequeretur <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, quo adepto ceſſat protinus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actio naturæ, atque <lb></lb>item <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> noſtra quæſtio. </s> <s>Quamobrem ex ſe inuicem materies & forma demonſtrantur. </s> <s>Sed in <lb></lb>vno <expan abbr="eodẽque">eodenque</expan> genere cauſſæ ordo <expan abbr="quòq.">quòque</expan> intercedit, cùm ex iis quædam primę ſint & longinquę; <lb></lb>poſteriores nonnullæ & propinquiores. </s> <s>Vult <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> efficiens aſſequi finem, vtputa proficiſci Floren<lb></lb>tiam: <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vult conducere equum, & parare <expan abbr="pecuniã">pecuniam</expan>, <expan abbr="priuſq́ue">priuſque</expan> pecunias parat, deinde con<lb></lb>ducit <expan abbr="equũ">equum</expan>, poſtremò Florentiam pergit. </s> <s>Ideò finis hic extremus eſt, qui proximè huic antecedit <lb></lb>eſt ſecundus; ille quem primus exſequitur, tertius <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> propinquiſsimus. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſicuti duplex <lb></lb>ordo eſt inter hæc, primus quidem qui dici ſolet intentionis, alter qui nuncupatur effectionis; ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> contrà ſe habent hi fines, nam re vera primus ille eſt, qui intentione fuit primus, vltimus <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, & tanquam ab alio pendens ille qui fuit effectione prior; quoniam propter alterum illum <lb></lb>reliqua omnia fiunt. </s> <s>Ita fit vt cęteri per eum demonſtrari poſsint, qui fuit intentione primus, hic <lb></lb>omnino indemonſtrabilis. </s> <s>Efficiens item primum mouet baculum, baculo mouet lapidem, lapis <lb></lb><expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> ferit: lapis eſt <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan> & vltimum efficiens vulnus; ille qui mouit lapidem, primum ſa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2027"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nè, ſed longinquum. </s> <s>Sunt & materiæ gradus aqua vitri, phialę vitrum, aqua materia prima, at<lb></lb>que remota, <expan abbr="vitrũ">vitrum</expan> proxima & poſtrema. </s> <s>Prætereà formarum animal prima, & longinqua, pro<lb></lb>xima & vltima ratio. </s> <s>At verò in omni genere cauſſæ & ordo mentis, ex quo diſciplina paratur, <lb></lb>& ordo rei ſpectari poteſt. </s> <s>Quoad mentem illa prima & princeps, <expan abbr="omniumq́ue">omniumque</expan> proxima, vltra <lb></lb>quam non licet amplius quærere propter quid. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Secundùm rem verò longè aliter diſponi video <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2028"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finem & efficiens, atque materiam & formam: cùm illę ſint primę & potiſsimę rei cauſſæ forma <lb></lb>& materia quę ſunt vltimæ reipſa, <expan abbr="proximeq́">proximeque</expan>. </s> <s>attingunt effectum: his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habitis ſolùm mens ipſa <lb></lb>ſedatur, & naturæ progreſſui finis imponitur. </s> <s>Efficientium verò <expan abbr="finiumq́">finiumque</expan>. </s> <s>illa ſunt prima quę & <lb></lb>præcipuè pręſtant effectum, & quęſtionibus eius generis optimè ſatis faciunt, quæ longinqua <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>: <lb></lb>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à nullo pendent, ab illis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> reliqua, cùm ab <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> virtutibus agantur, vt baculus à manu. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter in <expan abbr="prouerbiũ">prouerbium</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ceſsit de inferioribus ironicè dictum: Malleum ſcilicet, ſapien<lb></lb>tiorem eſſe manubrio. </s> <s>Ex hac ordinum partitione multa Ariſtotelis loca conciliantur, quibus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>proximas appellat vltimas cauſſas, tum aliquando remotas, & modò his, aliàs illis in efficiendo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2029"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tribuit principatum. </s> <s>Vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quoad nos ſpectantur, vel quoad naturam, vel modò ſeries interna<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> materiæ nimirùm & formæ, vel externarum modo, finis .ſ. </s> <s>& efficientis animaduer<lb></lb>titur. </s> <s>Ab his ſatis perſpici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> cauſſam <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> habere, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſo carere poſſe <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, vel in ſuo ge<lb></lb>nere, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in alio. </s> <s>Hęc quę de cauſſarum ſerie generatim dicta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, nunc ad effecta <expan abbr="accõmodẽtur">accommodentur</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2025"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2026"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2027"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2028"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>in fine.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2029"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua de cauſſarum & effectuum nexu adſcribuntur, & aliqua loca Ariſtotelis <lb></lb>illustrantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOX de cauſſarum & effectuum ſerie nonnulla ſubiungamus: nam præterquàm quòd ad <lb></lb>vniuerſam diſceptationem de motu conducunt; occaſionem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſuppeditabunt expli<lb></lb>candi <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan> Ariſtotelis dicta ſubobſcura quæ ſanè multi conniuent, pauci qui illa <expan abbr="obſeruarũt">obſeruarunt</expan>, <lb></lb>& Græci, & Latini de illorum ſenſu digladiantur. </s> <s>Nos maioris perſpicuitatis gratia <expan abbr="diſputatio-nẽ">diſputatio<lb></lb>nem</expan> noſtram ſic partiemur, etenim primo loco de naturæ ordine verba faciemus; proximè ab hoc <lb></lb>docebimus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> aptentur ad ſcientias & rationeis noſtras. </s> <s>Quod pertinet ad primum; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2030"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex eo, quae cauſſarum quædam effectui non modò naturæ (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id omnium commune <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>) ſed tem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2031"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pore antecedunt, nimirùm finis, efficiens, & materia remota: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> proxima & vltima eſt vnà cum <lb></lb>forma: materia proxima & forma ſunt vnà cum effectu, & ex his finis & efficiens externę, inter<lb></lb>nę verò quęcunque materies & forma: de his ad effecta varia neceſſe eſt iudicia fiant. </s> <s>ſiquidem <lb></lb>externæ primùm non rei, ſed generationis cauſſę <expan abbr="ponẽtur">ponentur</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> (mitto nunc finem cui qui non eſt ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2032"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nerationis cauſſa, ſed rei genitæ) <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> re genita & conſtituta vacat omne earum <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan>, ſucce<lb></lb>dunt illis vltima materies & forma ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> res ipſa protinus exiſtit. </s> <s>Sed etiam materia <expan abbr="cõmuni-ter">communi<lb></lb>ter</expan> ſpectat <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan>, quòd efficiens agendo commoueat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & afficiendo apparet ad <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> capiendam, quod ſine affectione materiæ neutiquam ſuccederet: forma è veſtigio ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> affe<lb></lb>ctione exiſtit, ea pręſente res eſt, & materia quæ, dum erat in potentia, mouebatur, actu aſſumpto <lb></lb>fit actu res illa quæ gignebatur: erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illa, ad quam erat in potentia, antequàm exiſtat re vera <lb></lb>forma non eſt, ſed finis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> forma ſola cauſſa ſolùm erit quae ſit res: idcirco ita definitur propter <lb></lb>quam res eſt. </s> <s>Verùm, etſi cauſſæ ad effecta <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ordinantur; nihilominus in operan<lb></lb>do actum illarum variis item modis exerceri puto, quandò proximè finis moueat efficiens quę <pb pagenum="311"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2033"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt altera cauſſa efficiens <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & cum illa materiæ perfectionem actu, ſeu virtute contineant, <lb></lb>quę eſt finis in generatione; re verò ipſa forma, & efficiens affert <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & ex materia forma exi<lb></lb>ſtit, & hęc perficit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: ex hoc cauſſarum vinculo efficitur compoſitum. </s> <s>Ergo primò cauſ<lb></lb>ſę inter ſe mouent, proximè ex ipſa forma extat <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, & <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> illi conueniunt ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam quę item etſi poſſunt eſſe ex natura materię, quia tamen inſunt in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, quod <lb></lb>eſt actu; eſt verò actu per formam; meritò <expan abbr="iureq́">iureque</expan>. </s> <s>optimo hęc item, quę naſcuntur à materia; <lb></lb>ex forma quoquomodo extare dicentur, ex fine & efficiente nequaquam: tametſi quae ex efficien<lb></lb>te non exiſtant effectus, ab aliis Auerrois <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auctoritate <expan abbr="confirmatũ">confirmatum</expan> fuiſſe comperio: veruntamen <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2034"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quae aliter acceptum à viris ſapientiſsimis, & aliquid inſuper additum, quod ſupradictis aduerſet; <lb></lb>mihi videtur ſedulò tractandum. </s> <s>Hæc ex Auerroë citantur. </s> <s>Effectum ſequi cauſſam in genere <lb></lb>cauſſæ formalis & finalis, non efficientis. </s> <s>Ea verò ſimpliciter accepta neutiquam cum rerum natu<lb></lb>ra conſentiunt, quandò & aliquis effectus ſequitur <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, vt anteà monui, & idem iudicium de <lb></lb>fine & efficiente videtur eſſe faciendum: nam quemadmodum efficiens agit aliud à ſe; <expan abbr="ideòq́ue">ideòque</expan> <lb></lb>in alio ponit <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>, ſiue formam, & quæ conſequuntur <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, ſic etiam finis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id obſtat, quae effi<lb></lb>ciens in potentia ſumatur, non in actu, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu eſt, ſimul eſt etiam cum effectu; nam, dum <lb></lb>agens operatur, præſtò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſe eſt ſit patiens, quod accipiat: quoniam veriſimile non eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2035"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſententia cauſſas accipi variis, <expan abbr="adeòq́">adeòque</expan>. </s> <s>oppoſitis modis. </s> <s>nunc ſi hoc efficienti in potentia <lb></lb>tribuendum eſt; reliquæ item cauſſæ, ſi potentia fuerint; ab affectibus ſeparatæ erunt: ac ſi effi<lb></lb>ciens actu ſimul erit cum effectu, & aliæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſæ, ſi actu ſumantur, cum effectibus exiſtent, <lb></lb>nec minus id efficienti, quàm fini conueniet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> effectum interpretor, quod factum eſt, nec fit <lb></lb>amplius: hoc verò non pendet ex efficiente, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verbis Auerrois vtar: inuentio eſt cum <expan abbr="inuẽto-re">inuento<lb></lb>re</expan> .i. </s> <s>res, dum fit, pendet ex efficiente, & facta ceſſat <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> tranſmutat aliud, quatenus <lb></lb>aliud eſt, quod factum eſt, item erit in alio. </s> <s>Quia verò ſuſpicari poſſes, <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> eſſe conditioneis effi<lb></lb>cientis & finis, cùm <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> ſint cauſſæ externæ, dico <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> adhuc eo nomine diſtingui, ab efficien<lb></lb>te, quae etſi, dum agit vt finis; externus eſt; at cum eo coniungitur, & fit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> numero, cui paratur, <lb></lb>& à quo antè ſegregatus fuerat, & cùm prius eſſet finis; <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> poſteà degenerauit in <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; ob <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <lb></lb>ergo cauſſam fini contigit, habet aliquid à ſeipſo formaliter pendens. </s> <s>Cùm verò materia nihil ac<lb></lb>cipiat, niſi formata; de materia <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> mentionem factam fuiſſe cenſeo. </s> <s>Concludamus igitur, effe<lb></lb>ctus omneis abſolutos generatim ſibi ſupponere <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> primo, ſiue præcipuè, ſiue proximè; dein<lb></lb>de <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, & externarum effectum, & opus eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in materia; <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> verò cauſ<lb></lb>ſarum <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> inter ipſaſmet cauſſas exerceri. </s> <s>Venio nunc ad modum demonſtrationis, quo .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2036"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſæ ſunt demonſtrando ſuis effectis applicandæ. </s> <s>In hac facultate longè aliter progredi nos iu<lb></lb>bet Ariſtoteles, ac fieri ſoleat in ſcientiis <expan abbr="contẽplantibus">contemplantibus</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἐπιτετῆς φυσικῆς, καὶ τῶν θεωρητικῶν<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg2037"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ἐπιστημῶν</foreign>, vbi in primis illud <expan abbr="admirationẽ">admirationem</expan> facere poſſet, quae ſeiunxerit naturalem ab habitu con<lb></lb>templante, cùm manifeſtè in contemplantibus ab ipſomet Ariſtotele numerata fuerit. </s> <s>Proptereà <lb></lb>Græcus interpres noluit poni diſcrimen inter phyſicen & alias ſcientias, ſed ſubaudiendum <emph type="italics"></emph>& in <lb></lb>rebus artefactis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, vt ponatur diſcrimen inter phyſicen & reliquas ſcientias contemplanteis ex vna <lb></lb>parte, & ex altera arteis. </s> <s>Verùm ipſe ſeipſe refellit, dum exemplum affert ab arte deſumptum, in <lb></lb>quo <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> progreſſum teneri ſignificat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in naturali; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>opponitur Ariſtoteli, qui 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> exemplis ab arte petitis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> item fuerat vſus Epheſius, progreſſum confirmat in phyſicis <lb></lb>Immò abutitur exemplis artium, dum <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> confirmat, altero oppugnat eiuſmodi pro<lb></lb>greſſum. </s> <s>Necnon in artib. indicat geminum ineſſe progreſſum, qui <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſt idem. </s> <s>Deinde & illud dif<lb></lb>ficile, quid contemplantium nomine velit notare Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> alij reliquas duas contempl&atilde<lb></lb>teis præter naturalem ſignificari putant, mathematicas .ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan>. </s> <s>excludunt alij pri<lb></lb>mam philoſophiam, & <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> phyſicè partem ſub contemplantium nomine latêre cenſent, eam <lb></lb>ſanè quæ corpus æternum contemplatur, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> item ab aliis tractationib. in Phyſ. 2. ſegregauit phi<lb></lb>loſophus, <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> verò <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> repudiant, quae in ea non ſit progreſſus ab vno antecedente ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> conſequens, & ab hoc ſubinde ad aliud propter <expan abbr="ſimplicitatẽ">ſimplicitatem</expan> rerum quæ ſunt li<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2038"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>beræ à materia, in quibus nec quicquam prius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poſterius eſt, quem tamen progreſſum in <expan abbr="cõ-templantibus">con<lb></lb>templantibus</expan> ponit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Equidem etſi ſcio de hac eadem re diſputantem Ariſtotelem, & <lb></lb>in eo loco, quem in hoc Capite indicauit de <foreign lang="grc">μαθημάτων</foreign> ſolum feciſſe <expan abbr="mẽtionem">mentionem</expan>, & tali nomine <lb></lb>exprimi <expan abbr="ſciẽtias">ſcientias</expan> quantitatis; attamen & ſub illis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> contineri generatim ſcientias omneis facilè da<lb></lb>bo. </s> <s>Et quod Phyſices eam partem hîc comprehendi aiunt, quà tractat corpus cęleſte; tantiſper <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>renitar, qui credam eiuſmodi tractationem phyſicam non eſſe, ſed Aſtronomiam. </s> <s>Neque illud <lb></lb>approbabo, quae neceſſariorum conſecutione careat prima philoſophia, qui eam 12. Met. obſerua<lb></lb>uerim, & didicerim ex Deo naturam eſſe aptam & cælum, vnde ea propagantur quæ ſunt apud <lb></lb>nos. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> accipiam ſubſtantias ſeparatas eſſe ſubiectum in ea ſcientia, verùm principia, <expan abbr="ſeriemq́">ſeriemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>illam in iis ego ponam quæ pendent ex eiuſmodi principiis. </s> <s>Hæc alternanti mihi potior ſenten<lb></lb>tia videtur phyſicen à cæteris ſcientiis & habitibus <expan abbr="cõtemplantibus">contemplantibus</expan> ea ratione differre, quae <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan> <pb pagenum="312"></pb>duo genera <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan>, alterum earum quę perpetuæ ſunt, ſiue quae ſint opinione Ariſtotelis immortales, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2039"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt cęlum, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rerum eſſentiæ (ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & rerum eſſentiæ materiatę & naturales) quæ defini<lb></lb>tione explicantur, & his inſunt ſua ipſarum propria attributa quæ item ſunt æterna ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& effecta æterna, vt ſpecies & quæ inſunt in ſpecie, quà ſpecies eſt: alterum verò rerum <expan abbr="caduca-rũ">caduca<lb></lb>rum</expan> quæ ortui & interitui ſubiacent quæ ſanè ſunt ſingulares; attamen in illis animus noſter vni<lb></lb>uerſale fabricatur accipiens ſimpliciter, & <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> circunſcriptione <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> id quod certis <expan abbr="ſtatiſq́">ſtatiſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>periodis effici ſolet, & de eo ratiocinans, quod ſupponit pro ſingularibus ſtruit rationeis vniuer<lb></lb>ſaleis, inferioris <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ordinis, at nihilominus vniuerſales, quia tamen ſupponunt pro ſingulari<lb></lb>bus, eorum attributa ſimpliciter aſſumit planè, ſed quæ ſingularium vires exprimant, vt fieri, & <lb></lb>menſes, & annos conſtitutionis, & partus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & ordinem ſucceſsionis & ſequelę inter cauſſas <lb></lb>& effectus ſpeculatur, quæ omnia, ſicuti <expan abbr="ſupradictū">ſupradictum</expan> eſt, certis definiuntur temporibus, à certo ve<lb></lb>rò tempore mentis ope abſtrahuntur. </s> <s>Reliquę ſcientię res illas contemplantur, quę ſunt prorſus <lb></lb>immobiles, ideò demonſtrationeis accipiunt æternas ſimpliciter, nec vlli conditioni temporis ad <lb></lb>dictas: <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo phyſicę, dum tractat æterna. </s> <s>Proinde arbitror ego <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> phyſicæ quæ <lb></lb>verſatur in tractatione <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> quæ ſunt obnoxiæ tempori, <expan abbr="ſecretã">ſecretam</expan> fuiſſe à <expan abbr="contẽplantibus">contemplantibus</expan> non ſanè, <lb></lb>quin & ea contemplatio ſit: quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tractatur gratia veritatis, non vſus, eſt <expan abbr="cõtemplatio">contemplatio</expan>, ſed <lb></lb>quòd contemplatio ſit functio quæ ſuapte natura motum repudiat, &, vt ita dicam, factionem. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2040"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Hoc igitur nomine è <expan abbr="contemplátiũ">contemplátiuum</expan> numero expunctam fuiſſe phyſicen opinamur. </s> <s>Et ad ita cre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2041"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="dendũ">dendum</expan> me inducit, quae alibi diſtinguit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ea quæ natura fiunt, à mathematicis, ſeu ſint ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2042"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>thematica, ſiue genus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> contemplationis, & <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, aliter ſe habere docet in <foreign lang="grc">τοῖς φυσικοῖς</foreign> .i. <lb></lb></s> <s>in rebus naturalibus atque in mathematis, vbi videtur potius habuiſſe rationem <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="tractanda-rũ">tractanda<lb></lb>rum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãm">quamm</expan> ſcientiæ, quae ſi hę motui ſubiiciantur, ex rebus igitur quæ tractantur, non ex habitu & fi<lb></lb>ne è contemplantium ordine dicimus eiectam fuiſſe <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> naturalem. </s> <s>Ex huiuſmodi effectuum <lb></lb><expan abbr="cauſſarumq́">cauſſarumque</expan>. </s> <s>conſecutione varietas demonſtrandi naſcitur, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> in contemplantib. & æternis <lb></lb>ſimpliciter ex eo quae res eſt ſimpliciter; etiam id <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> colligere poſſumus, & ex hoc futuro aliud <lb></lb>conſequens inferre, & <foreign lang="grc">εἰς αἴδιον συναρτὴσαι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> connectere, vt ſi triangulus æquilatus <lb></lb>eſt ſuper data linea, & ad datum <expan abbr="punctū">punctum</expan> datę rectæ lineæ æqualem <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan> lineam ponere licebit, & <lb></lb>ex hoc duabus datis rectis lineis inæqualibus de maiore æqualem minori <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan> <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> detrahere. <lb></lb></s> <s>At contra ſuccedet in phyſicis, & iis quæ ſubiacent mutationi: quandò ſi hoc eſt, quod eſt gene<lb></lb>rationis <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>, & aliquid anteceſſerit huiuſmodi oportuerit; non contrà, ſi hoc exiſtit nunc, <lb></lb>quae conſequens neceſſariò ſit; ſæpe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accidunt impedimenta, quibus prohibetur, quominus etſi <lb></lb>hoc eſt aptum natum producere aliud, & ex illo hoc effici, ſuo tamen fine fruſtretur. </s> <s>Igitur ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2043"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>procedemus in phyſicis, à poſteriore conſtruendo, deſtruendo verò à prioribus <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo, quo <lb></lb>procederemus in arte (idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt in efficiendo naturæ progreſſus & artis) Si domus eſt, & fun<lb></lb>damenta igitur, & contrà ſi non ſunt fundamenta, nec domus. </s> <s>Aliter in contemplantibus, hîc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ſi ſunt hypotheſes; ergo & concluſio: ac contrà ſi non concluſio, nec igitur hypotheſes, vt ſi ſunt <lb></lb>quinque & quinque, & decem igitur. </s> <s>Verùm ſi decem, non neceſſariò <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> & quinque; cùm <lb></lb>eſſe queant tria & ſeptem. </s> <s>At ſi non ſunt decem, nec quicquam ex illis eſſe poterit, & in his eſt <lb></lb>neceſsitas ſimpliciter. </s> <s>in phyſicis eſt ex hypotheſi, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vbi infertur ex conſequente præcedens, <lb></lb>non aliter àc ex hypotheſi <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> poſsit effici: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> oſſa ex quibus animal, conſtat facta <lb></lb>fuere neceſſariò, ſicuti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fundamenta ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> extitit ædificium. </s> <s>Neque tamen in phyſicis ea <lb></lb>quæ mutantur, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſunt huiuſmodi; quandoquidem illa quæ mutantur, aut rectà procedunt, aut <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>, & ex his aliqua redeunt eadem ad <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, nonnulla ad numerum elementorum reditus <lb></lb>eſt anniuerſarius, ſed eadem redeunt ad <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> ſolùm; ortus & occaſus ſyderum nobis eadem ſy<lb></lb>dera referunt. </s> <s>Quod ſuprà docuimus, eorum eſt <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> quæ rectà <expan abbr="procedũt">procedunt</expan>, de allis alia ratio, <lb></lb>& planè nonmodò ex conſequente prius infertur, ſed conſequens ex priori, ſi pluuia, & nebulæ, <lb></lb>& ſi nebulæ, etiam pluuia: propterea reciprocatur, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel eadem ad numerum, vel ad ſpeciem. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2044"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>In illis certa ratio ex priore ad poſterius, & ex hoc ad idem: in his vniuersè res ſe habet conſimi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2045"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>liter; at cùm ſingula producantur, de ſpecie fiet <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>, de ſingulis non item, propterea quae <lb></lb>& in ſingulorum productione poterit eſſe præſtò impedimentum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> valebit ſi nubes hæc fue<lb></lb>rit, ergo & pluuia. </s> <s>verùm ſi pluuia, & nubes igitur: ac ſi non nubes, neque pluuia, ſicut ſequeba<lb></lb>tur in iis quorum generatio rectà procedebat. </s> <s>Veruntamen, etſi varietas eſt rationum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> na<lb></lb>turæ in his & concludendis & producendis, extat tamen inter eas ſimilitudo, quae vtroque modo <lb></lb>procedimus vt à principio, & primo ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi argumentamur ab extremo, id <lb></lb>& in natura, & in ratiocinatione vim principij ſuſtinet: habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rationem finis, is verò in ratione <lb></lb>quæ concluditur de rebus agendis, eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſpeculationis & eſt <foreign lang="grc">λόγος</foreign>, ſeu ratio, ſiue ſpecies <lb></lb>quæ in mente agentis, aut alio <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> per naturam ineſt in agente ſine materia. </s> <s><expan abbr="eademq́ue">eademque</expan> <lb></lb>in arte præcipua pars eſt eſſentiæ; in natura ſæpiſsimè conuenit cum ipſa forma, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>accipitur <lb></lb>in oratione explicante quid eſt; quapropter optimo iure <foreign lang="grc">λόγος</foreign>, & principium nuncupatur. <pb pagenum="313"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2046"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Itaque adhuc ea phyſicè tractans ius ſcientiæ tuetur, argumentans ex primis, & fortè multò ma<lb></lb>gis, quàm contingat in aliis demonſtrationibus in quibus alia cauſſarum genera vſurpantur, & <lb></lb>quantò prior eſt natura finis, quàm reliquę cauſſę, niſi quòd minus neceſsitatis agnoſcitur in hoc <lb></lb>progreſſu, quàm in iis in quibus eſſentiæ ipſę rerum in contemplationem cadunt; ita enim lon<lb></lb>go interuallo ſuperatur à cęteris, & à ſeipſa, cùm accipiat neceſſarium, non ſimpliciter, ſed ex hy<lb></lb>potheſi, quanquam id rerum ipſarum conditioni potius, quàm menti tribuendum eſt, cùm cęte<lb></lb>roqui quod intelligendum eſt, quoad huiuſmodi, vniuerſale exiſtat, atque perpetuum. </s> <s>Talis <lb></lb>igitur eſt ordo cauſſarum ad effectus, & hic in demonſtrando phyſicæ progreſſus. </s> <s>Verùm nos <lb></lb>hæc omnia nunc ad rem noſtram commodè transferamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2030"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2031"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2032"></margin.target>c 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 47. ex <lb></lb>Alex.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2033"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2034"></margin.target>a Deſtr. 1. <lb></lb>Sol. </s> <s>d. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2035"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2036"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2037"></margin.target>b De par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2038"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2039"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2040"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2041"></margin.target>a 10. Eth. <lb></lb>7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2042"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2043"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2044"></margin.target>c 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2045"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2046"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Specialis ordo <expan abbr="nexuſq́">nexuſque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſarum quantùm ad functioneis in eodem ſubiecto pręſtandas <lb></lb>attinet, enarratur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PROXIMVM ab his eſt, vt ordinem illum quem ſuprà generatim tractauimus, indicemus <lb></lb>in propoſito, ac doceamus, vt ex ſeſe aptæ <expan abbr="nexæq́">nexæque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſæ ſint, ſi debeant in ſubiecto præſtare <lb></lb>functionem, ſigillatim verò cùm motus & quies ſint perfectiſsimæ functiones corporum <expan abbr="natura-liũ">natura<lb></lb>lium</expan>, quatenus huiuſmodi; de motus & quietis ſecundùm naturam primordiis in præſentia diſſe<lb></lb>remus. </s> <s>His ergo ſic ſtantib. ſi forma opus eſt efficienti ad motum elementi præſtandum, mani<lb></lb>ab efficiente, ſed in genere propagandi effectum ſibi proprio: profectò generans, vt efficiens, erit <lb></lb><expan abbr="feſtũ">feſtum</expan> eſt generans mouere per medium. </s> <s>Verùm ſi motus à forma proficiſcitur, non ſanè tanquàm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2047"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primum <expan abbr="medioq́">medioque</expan>. </s> <s>vacabit. </s> <s>Si pars <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> problematis adhibita diſtinctione defendetur. </s> <s>Ergo in <lb></lb>ſuo genere mouet efficiens primò, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam per ſe. </s> <s>Quare, ſi differentia ſimilis in cauſſa facie <lb></lb>ſimilem differentiam in effectu, mouetur item per ſe, & primò elementum ab eo quod gignit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſe per ſe, & ſecundùm naturam igitur. </s> <s>Nam ſi præter naturam, ergo per accidens, huiuſ<lb></lb>modi verò connexio, ſiue ſequela eius, quod eſt per ſe & ſecundùm naturam, ita neceſſaria viſa <lb></lb>eſt Auerroi, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt eam non modò in rebus, verùm etiam in enunciationibus & prędicatis ineſſe te<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2048"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtatus ſit, atque aſſeruërit, ſi propoſitiones in demonſtratione futuræ ſunt per ſe, effici vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſint <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecūdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>Et planè aliter eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>quandò id quod eſt pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, aut via <lb></lb><expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: at id quod per ſe eſt, vult eſſe perpetuum. </s> <s>Quapropter ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>fuerit; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>, ſi moueatur ab interno principio <expan abbr="tm̃">tamen</expan>, velut ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>; verùm, ſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab externo modo <lb></lb>ſint in eo materia & forma, <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> quos <expan abbr="agat̃">agatur</expan>. </s> <s>At mouetur hîc <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, cùm <lb></lb>motus ſit actus <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> formę quę imprimitur in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & de eo, ſi <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> elimare velis ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2049"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tenue, ſic <expan abbr="diſtinguendũ">diſtinguendum</expan> fuerat, quae <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſit <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> eſſe in hoc loco aut illo loco, qui pro <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formę ſit illi <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; moueri <expan abbr="aūt">aut</expan> propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, cùm termini motus à forma oriantur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtinuatio">continuatio</expan> verò & extentio à materia, vt, ſi è terra primùm fiat aër, de in ignis, eſſe in aëris loco ab <lb></lb>eiuſmodi corporis forma deriuatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cęteri termini, aëre <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> facto, pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> exiſtunt, & ab <lb></lb><expan abbr="impediẽte">impediente</expan> <expan abbr="naſcũtur">naſcuntur</expan>, tale nihil <expan abbr="attẽtante">attentante</expan> natura, & ea <expan abbr="tm̃">tamen</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="proficiſcũtur">proficiſcuntur</expan> ab actu, quatenus <expan abbr="im-pediẽs">im<lb></lb>pediens</expan> eſt aliquid actu, & actu eſt id quod impeditur. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> & <expan abbr="ponẽs">ponens</expan> & priuans. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>faber efficit <expan abbr="ſcamnũ">ſcamnum</expan>, & ego molior aliquid, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ipſum <expan abbr="cõburo">comburo</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> efficio nihil, quia facio non <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſcamnũ">ſcamnum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vſq.">Vſque</expan> adeò, vt aliud ſit, facere nihil, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> facere: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> <expan abbr="ociũ">ocium</expan>, & <expan abbr="abſentiã">abſentiam</expan> ſimplici<lb></lb>ter notat; illud ponit <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="priuãs">priuans</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id aliunde accedit, quae ſi aër <expan abbr="nõdũ">nondum</expan> contraxerit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>neque fuerit ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> abſolutus: <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> illud eſt <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ex formę participatione, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma ſit <expan abbr="ex-tremũ">ex<lb></lb>tremum</expan>, id materię proximè <expan abbr="adſcribendũ">adſcribendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> fit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, forma oppoſita perſiſtat; <lb></lb><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> prius erat, ita moueri poſſe <expan abbr="cẽſeat̃">cenſeatur</expan> pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> è terra fit ignis, ſi reſpicias <lb></lb><expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, <expan abbr="aſcẽdit">aſcendit</expan> pręter naturam. </s> <s>At memineris <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> denominari <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> à termino ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, & in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="trãſmutatione">tranſmutatione</expan> ſpectari, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> id quod interit, ſed id quod generatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eò materia <expan abbr="tẽdit">tendit</expan>, & nouæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2050"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>formę <expan abbr="præsẽtia">præsentia</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> explet <expan abbr="appetitū">appetitum</expan>. </s> <s>Quapropter nulla habetur <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quod interit, ſed ſimpliciter <lb></lb><expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> quod <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan>, cuius & forma propria eſt quę producitur, & motus proprius. </s> <s>Contrà ſi fuerit mo<lb></lb>tus: pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus ille <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> minimè <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan>, nec ex habitu pullulet <lb></lb>(nullus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eiuſmodi lapidi <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, vbi proiicitur) ſignificatur nomine <expan abbr="indicãte">indicante</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quę an<lb></lb>tecedebat. </s> <s>ita cùm terra <expan abbr="ſursũ">ſursum</expan> natura propria <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> labefacta <expan abbr="ciet̃">cietur</expan>, <expan abbr="terraq́">terraque</expan>. </s> <s>perſiſtit, nec <expan abbr="trãſit">tranſit</expan> in aliud, <lb></lb>tametſi prouehitur in ſublime, <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> eſt pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & eſt terrę. </s> <s>Ob id igitur in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> poteſtas <lb></lb>illa reperitur quam <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> vſus obtinuit, vt diceretur eſſentialis (etenim <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> attingit) <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem naturalis ad ſuum vbi, cùm gignitur. </s> <s>Attamen & ſi ea quæ conſtituta ſunt hacte<lb></lb>nus, ſi <expan abbr="fundamẽtis">fundamentis</expan> noſtris inſiſtamus, nulli ſunt obnoxia difficultati, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in hanc <expan abbr="ſentẽtiã">ſententiam</expan> pau<lb></lb>cos <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> ſcripſiſſe perſpicimus, & multi <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> profeſsi <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, quibus ea quæ dubitari <expan abbr="poſsũt">poſsunt</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> nos, loco ſine <expan abbr="cõfirmationis">confirmationis</expan>, erit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diligentię <expan abbr="nr̃ę">nrnę</expan> admonere <expan abbr="lectorẽ">lectorem</expan>, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> ea quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> ſunt, ad dubitata <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="generãs">generans</expan> efficere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; prętereà <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan>, <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan>; <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> verò <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> eſſe formę: <expan abbr="periculũ">periculum</expan> <lb></lb>certè imminet, ne accidens naturam ſubſtantię tranſeat, aut eius perfectio petatur ab accidente. <pb pagenum="314"></pb>Neque enim dubium <expan abbr="cuiq̃">cuiquae</expan> eſſe debet, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> & ipſum vbi, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> in caducis, (Nam Philoponus opi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2051"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natus eſt <expan abbr="cõuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> eſſe corporis cęleſtis eſſentiam) eſſe <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. </s> <s>Vt hæc <expan abbr="cõtrouerſia">controuerſia</expan> rit è dirima<lb></lb>tur, hæc meo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iudicio, ſunt <expan abbr="anteponẽda">anteponenda</expan>. </s> <s>Primùm omnium. </s> <s>Id in quo <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="prodũtur">produntur</expan> <lb></lb>actus, & <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> poteſtates <expan abbr="abſoluũtur">abſoluuntur</expan>, eſſe <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> eſt actus <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> & naturalis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="propriuſq́">propriuſque</expan>. </s> <s>locus eiuſdem. </s> <s>Vt verò <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> è duabus naturis: forma .ſ. </s> <s>quę eſt actus per <lb></lb>ſe & per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>; & materia quæ per ſeipſam eſt poteſtas: ſic per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, à forma impe<lb></lb>trauit, quae actu exiſtat. </s> <s>Porrò forma per ſe vna eſt in vno <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, <expan abbr="iungẽs">iungens</expan> & terminans <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="exten-tionẽ">exten<lb></lb>tionem</expan> & <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> materię; materia <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> multas habet parteis, ſiue vt quanti, ſiue, vt <expan abbr="aiũt">aiunt</expan>, poteſta<lb></lb>tis & <expan abbr="graduũ">graduum</expan> in <expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> vniuerſa forma <expan abbr="cõſiſt">conſiſt</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo, cùm forma per ſe vna ſit, ea verò parte omnes <lb></lb>materiæ <expan abbr="terminẽtur">terminentur</expan>, inde eſt, vt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr="actuũ">actuum</expan> varietas <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> plus & minus <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> & <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan> à ma<lb></lb>teria naſcatur, & idcirco extet in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> verebor <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicere <expan abbr="accidẽtis">accidentis</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> exiſtere ex ipſa <lb></lb>materia, vt tum .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> habeatur, vbi ponitur in materia: nam ſi ſeparetur (id quod præſtat co<lb></lb>gitatio <expan abbr="dũtaxat">duntaxat</expan>) forma à materia <expan abbr="sẽſili">senſili</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> profectò vlla <expan abbr="accidẽtis">accidentis</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> relinquetur, ſed ipſa <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> <lb></lb>nuda quę ſolùm pertinet ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan>. </s> <s>Actus <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> per ſe ipſum diſtinctus eſt, <expan abbr="afferẽs">afferens</expan> <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>; & <expan abbr="diuersũ">diuersum</expan> <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo res ipſa ſit, & quo <expan abbr="vocib9">vocibus</expan> exprimatur, ipſi <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, nihilominus & <lb></lb>eſt ex ipſa ſubſtantia, & in ipſa ſubſtantia collocatus, vt annulus ille in cathena, qui tametſi habet <lb></lb><expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, quo exiſtit, ab altero annulo diſiunctum; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> habet <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſuum in altero ex quo pendet, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2052"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtatuitur <expan abbr="cõſequens">conſequens</expan>, & accidens appellatur. </s> <s>eorum generalis partitio <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> capitibus comprehen<lb></lb>ditur ex quibus <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> prædicamenta deducta ſunt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ex actu ipſo <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> res ſuam <expan abbr="perfectio-nẽ">perfectio<lb></lb>nem</expan> conſequitur; neceſſe item eſt, in compoſito, ſi futurum fuerit perfectum; extent actus ſingu<lb></lb>lorum <expan abbr="prędicamentorũ">prędicamentorum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi quidem ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>In omnibus autem poſitum eſt il<lb></lb>lud eſſe, quod <foreign lang="grc">ὑπάρχειν</foreign>, & exiſtere nuncupamus. </s> <s>Sed cùm actus ille omnium princeps fit, quo <lb></lb>per ſe eſt: hic verò eſt actus ſubſtantiæ: proptereà quòd ſit ſimpliciter, actui <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> tribuitur, <lb></lb>cęteris actibus adſcribitur, quae ſit quodammodò: nil omnius & ex his habet, quòd ſimpliciter <lb></lb>ſit .i. </s> <s>omnibus partibus <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan> & quae ita ſit, pendet ex <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="prædicamẽtis">prædicamentis</expan>; quibus prout natura <lb></lb>flagitat, adeptis, bene ſe res habet, & eſt maximè ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſicuti <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> primus <lb></lb>ille actus eſt natura prior, quae natura prius eſt eſſe per ſe, & <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> ſeipſo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reſpicere aliud, & ex alio <expan abbr="pẽ-dere">pen<lb></lb>dere</expan>, & <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan> eſſe, quam <expan abbr="quodãmodò">quodammodò</expan>: ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prior eſt perfectione: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> reliqui actus il<lb></lb>li vni famulantur: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> <expan abbr="perhibẽtur">perhibentur</expan>. </s> <s>Vt igitur aliquo <expan abbr="inſtrumẽto">inſtrumento</expan> priuatus <lb></lb>artifex non rectè facit <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> ſuum, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſiquis actus in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> deſideretur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poterit ſuo <lb></lb>munere perfectè fungi ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Conſiſtit ergo perfectio <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> in eo, quae habeat ſingula quę <lb></lb>ſibi <expan abbr="debent̃">debentur</expan> ſecundùm naturam, & hęc quanuis poſteriora; ſunt <expan abbr="complemẽta">complementa</expan> nihilominus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2053"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="afferẽtia">afferentia</expan>, ſed vt indicantia <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, & habitum bene ſe habentem, vi faciei rubor in puella, <lb></lb>& voluptas, de qua 2. Ethic. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quę capitur ex actionibus ſecundùm virtutem. </s> <s>Cùm verò prima <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2054"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantię ratio <expan abbr="petat̃">petatur</expan> à fine quę eſt functio; ſiquando ceſſet officium; tum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubſtantia de<lb></lb>trimentum patitur, & quoniam ſubſtantię <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> prima non permanet; ambigue <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> vocatur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſſe & <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> diuidua <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, aut plus minuſúe accipiunt, quae <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> totius <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam, quod in indiuiduo poſitum eſt, vt libro ſuperiore docuimus. </s> <s>Ab his prima origo interi<lb></lb>tus, quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> mutatione formę, & diſſolutione compoſiti definitur. </s> <s>Omnes iſti actus, qui ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam <expan abbr="conſequunt̃">conſequuntur</expan>, & <expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan> <expan abbr="nuncupant̃">nuncupantur</expan>, vt analogiam ab actu ſubſtantię ducunt; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="accipiũt">accipiunt</expan> <lb></lb>diſtributionem in primum, & ſecundum, & quanuis cum primus, tum ſecundus ſint accidentia <lb></lb>ſubſtantię, non tamen ſecundus accidit primo, ſed eſt eius perfectio, <expan abbr="parq.">parque</expan> momentum habet ad <lb></lb>primum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> operatio ſubſtantię ad formam eiuſdem: neque enim ei quod album fieri poteſt: <lb></lb>accidit ſi fiat album, quatenus habet intra ſe eiuſmodi poteſtatem: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> hoc ſit eius natura: <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> hoc magis apparet in iis quæ feruntur, quòd proximè ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> horum materia fit: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2055"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2056"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quando latio abſolutorum eſt, & generatione vltima motuum: proptereà primus erit hic motus, <lb></lb>& ſecundùm ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Nolim tamen hîc re obliuiſci, accidentium duplex eſſe <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan>: non<lb></lb>nulla enim ſunt ſecundum alia <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; illa verò nos hoc loco accipere quę ſunt ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam, quae ita plurimum ſe habeant, in paucis euariata, quorum ratio in methodo haberi non <lb></lb>debeat. </s> <s>Hæc ipſa quæ nos fuſius explicauimus, Alexandrum <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quoque multò anteà placuiſſę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2057"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lętor: etenim cum pluribus ipſe docuiſſet actum ſecundum non eſſe accidens, ſed perfectionem <lb></lb>formę, & habitus duplici forma reperta, altera quæ ſubſtantiam complet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quę perfi<lb></lb>cit accidens, vt in homine intelligentia, & artificium ſingulorum habituum propriam decreuit <lb></lb>eſſe functionem, ſed eam quę mentis eſt, eſſe hominis vt homo eſt, quippe quòd hæc ſit eius for<lb></lb>ma; actum verò artificij, eſſe quidem artificis perfectionem non hominis; accidit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> homini eſſe <lb></lb>artificem, nec attingit ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Actus igitur ſecundus cùm ſit primi cuiuſdam actus, quan<lb></lb>uis fit ex accidente; affert item perfectionem, neque verò quia ſit perfectio ſubſtantiæ ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, ſed quatenus in ea ſunt explicatæ formæ omnes ex illius genio quæ pertinet ad eſſentiam, <lb></lb>& ſecum cęteras in materia ponit. </s> <s>Itaque & in ſubſtantiam perfectio non proximè redundabit, <pb pagenum="315"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2058"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed in actus <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan>, qui in ea <expan abbr="cõuenerũt">conuenerunt</expan>: ab eius forma propria perfectio naſcetur, <expan abbr="erũt">erunt</expan> cętera <lb></lb>ex <expan abbr="cõſecutione">conſecutione</expan>, & quatenus attinet ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="participabũt">participabunt</expan> quę ipſius eſt propria: <lb></lb>nam cùm forma ſubſtantiæ ipſis vtatur ad ſui tutelam, cum indiuidui cauſſa, tum etiam ſpeciei, <lb></lb>ſunt inſtrumenta ſubſtantiæ: atqui inſtrumentorum conditiones ab iis <expan abbr="accipiũtur">accipiuntur</expan>, quorum ipſa <lb></lb>ſunt inſtrumenta, nec aliter àc ſeruus ordinis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, qui priuato ſeruiat, aut regi: erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qui ſer<lb></lb>uit regi, tanto pręſtantior, quanto res excellit priuatum. </s> <s>Proinde perfecta planè erit ea ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, in qua ſunt omnes illi actus, quos affert ſecum forma; ex quo dicuntur ineſſe ſecundùm <expan abbr="natu-rã">natu<lb></lb>ram</expan> ſimpliciter, quae nihil deerit, quod ad ſeipſam pertinere poſsit: attamen, vt non inde <expan abbr="perfectio-nẽ">perfectio<lb></lb>nem</expan>, velut ex cauſſa capiat, ſed quoad hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſuiipſius gratia ſunt, quibus ſi deficiat, ſuis munerib. <lb></lb></s> <s>optimè fungi nequeat; habens, optimè fungatur: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem rex ſine ſatellitibus, & idem doctor <lb></lb>ſine libris, ſed melius cum illis agitur, ſi hæc adſint, neque idcirco regi ſatelles affert aliquid perfe<lb></lb>ctionis, aut libri doctori: quinimmò res contrà procedit, ſed quòd non ſine illis officia ſua per<lb></lb>bellè faciunt, ſunt hę cauſſæ <expan abbr="ſeruiẽtes">ſeruientes</expan>, & alterius gratia, <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> ab altero <expan abbr="accipiẽtes">accipientes</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="exhi-bẽtes">exhi<lb></lb>bentes</expan>: officia <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> formæ, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> perfectio prorſus eſt poſita. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> valet igitur: hæc <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm habeat <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="prędicamẽtorũ">prędicamentorum</expan> actus, eſt perfecta, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſine his eſt imperfecta; quapropter <lb></lb>& actus hi ſunt eius perfectiones, quia ſunt gratia <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>: valeret ſanè, ſi per ſeipſos forent, nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="ordinarẽtur">ordinarentur</expan> ad aliud: <expan abbr="nūc">nunc</expan> ipſa ſubſtantia per ſe <expan abbr="p̃fecta">perfecta</expan> eſt, & hęc in ſuiipſius <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan> flagitat, & im<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2059"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="p̃fectio">perfectio</expan> ex <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> abſentia redit ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> primò, ſed quia ſine illis ipſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> præſtat quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2047"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2048"></margin.target>a Ep. </s> <s>log.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2049"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2050"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2051"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2052"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2053"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2054"></margin.target>a c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2055"></margin.target>b 4. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2056"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2057"></margin.target>c 3. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2058"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2059"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur ſit'ne forma vetus, an noua principium patibile motus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HIC verò eſt, quòd tantiſper immoremur, ne velut AEgyptij canes è Nilo bibunt, & <expan abbr="fugiũt">fugiunt</expan>: <lb></lb>nos <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rem tanti momenti tetigiſſe ſolùm, non explanaſſe, nec è nodis expediſſe videa<lb></lb>mur. </s> <s>Nam quia decretum fuit anteà non <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> ſanè formam, ſed veterem eſſe cauſſam patibilem <lb></lb>motus, & nuper conſtituimus <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan> quæ genita fuerit, eſſe cauſſam, cur ignis in ſuperiore loco <lb></lb>quieſcat, & repugnantię <expan abbr="falſiq́">falſique</expan>. </s> <s>ſuſpicionem creare poſsint. </s> <s>Quapropter antequàm vlterius pro<lb></lb>grediamur, hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> componi oportere cenſuimus, vt tutius iter quod reſtat, conficere valeamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim, ſi forma noua extremum eſt vniuerſi motus, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>completa, iam quies adeſt. </s> <s>Non igitur <lb></lb>noua forma cauſſa motus erit, ſed quietis. </s> <s>Rurſus, ſi natura communiter eſt principium, veluti <lb></lb>poteſtas <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>, vnde exiſtit quies & motus: vetus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quiete naturali poſita <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> deleta eſt, tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>res genita eſt & forma vetus extincta. </s> <s>Non igitur natura <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, ſicut poteſtas <lb></lb><expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>, quo res naturales moueantur, & maneant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eſto, vt facultas ſit agens: at hæc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> niſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2060"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vno determinatur, vbi non fuerit libera. </s> <s>Quapropter aut motus vnius, aut vnius quietis erit ini<lb></lb>tium: ſi fuerit poteſtas patibilis, ea reſpicit æquè oppoſita. </s> <s>Sed neutra ex his oppoſita reſpicit. <lb></lb></s> <s>hanc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nouam ſequitur quies: veteri adnexus eſt motus. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae forma vetus nullo mo<lb></lb>do cauſſa motus eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Quęritur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa motus naturalis. </s> <s>Atqui motus naturalis ex illo exi<lb></lb>ſtit, quae eſt ad <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> nouam eſſe dicimus; non à natura quæ eſt forma vetus, & ab ea <lb></lb>quæ finis eſt, res naturalis appellari conſueuit. </s> <s>Inſuper motus eſt actus, ſiue functio. </s> <s>Cęterum <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb>functioni ſupponitur habitus: his verò eſt forma noua, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vetus. </s> <s>vnde pronunciatum eſt ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele & Auerroë, dans <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> dare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> locum. </s> <s>Poſtremò functio eſt conſeruatio formæ, quae ſi <lb></lb>forma vetus eſt cauſſa functionis, vtique non erit eius <expan abbr="cõſeruatio">conſeruatio</expan>, ſed interitus; immò erit cauſſa <lb></lb>functionis quæ inerit ſibi præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: quocirca ipſa ſibi molietur interitum: illa altera cauſſa <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit, cui ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="cõueniet">conueniet</expan>: id verò <expan abbr="abſurdiſsimũ">abſurdiſsimum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Hîc video facilè ex his ſcopulis <lb></lb>emergere poſſe qui <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> Auerrois conſectetur. </s> <s>Nam, ſi <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> forma diuidua ponatur, <lb></lb>erit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> ſit abſoluta, cùm poſteà conſummata fuerit, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> erit initium quietis. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2061"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> qui nullam prorſus <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> diuidi credimus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item reliqua quę ex hoc placito fluunt, <lb></lb>approbare poſſumus. </s> <s>Sed quantum pertinet ad hoc <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> caput, ij qui ita opinantur, parum, mea <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan>, <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> Ariſtotelis obſeruarunt. </s> <s>Dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſas <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> explicaret Ariſtoteles, cùm <lb></lb>in octo phyſicis, tum in libris de cœlo, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in iis quos de animo <expan abbr="motuq́ue">motuque</expan> animalium ſcripſit; <lb></lb>perpetuò profeſſus eſt, ſe explicaſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quæ non ſpeciatim elementorum motus cauſſa foret, <lb></lb>ſed inanimorum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> generatim & de inanimis omnib. ea pronunciauit, in ſeipſis habere <expan abbr="prin-cipiũ">prin<lb></lb>cipium</expan> per quod moueantur & quieſcant, & motus in primas ſpecies diſtribuit <expan abbr="animantiũ">animantium</expan>, & <expan abbr="inani-morũ">inani<lb></lb>morum</expan>: mox <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan> motus in ſimplices & <expan abbr="cõpoſitos">compoſitos</expan> partiuntur. </s> <s>Attamen quantum ſpectat <lb></lb>ad id, vt habeant in ſeipſis initia motus, quapropter naturalia ſunt, pari ſanè gradu procedunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si igitur ex eo forma eſt cauſſa motus, quia diuidatur, & modò imperfecta ſit, in progreſſu perfe<lb></lb>ctio paretur, in extremo iam peruenerit ad ſummum, &, dum imperfecta eſt, efficiat motum; <lb></lb>abſoluta verò ſit cauſſa quietis: equidem puto, aut mixtorum formas intendi & remitti, aut cauſ<lb></lb>ſam motus, & quietis in omnibus animo carentibus non eſſe communem. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> placitis <lb></lb>obſtat; hoc <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> Ariſtotelis euertit. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> illi quod <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> de leui <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt, tribuit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles, quòd faciat eſſe in certo loco. </s> <s>eſſe autem in loco potius eſt affine quietis, quàm motus. <pb pagenum="316"></pb>Igitur huic nos <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> firmiori parieti adhęrentes illud recipiemus, quae generatim de cauſsis mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2062"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus in omnibus inanimis ad <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> principiorum motus in animante <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>naturam eſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> patibile motus & quietis, & ſigillatim docebimus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> forma, ve<lb></lb>tus & noua ſe habeant & ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & ad quietem. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> tale eſt, vt ei nemo refragari queat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſimpliciter eſſe cauſſam quietis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hæc eſt functio perfecta rei naturalis quæ formam <lb></lb>conſequitur, vt vmbra corpus, ad quam ſic ſe habere <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> dicimus, vt ex ipſa pendeat ſicuti <expan abbr="cõ-ſequens">con<lb></lb>ſequens</expan>, qui modus producendi materiam, <expan abbr="patibileq́">patibileque</expan>. </s> <s>principium imitatur. </s> <s>proinde etſi quies eſt <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign> & functio, eſt vt functio quæ <expan abbr="perpeſsionẽ">perpeſsionem</expan> imitatur, non <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan>, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quae eius <lb></lb>eſt à quo eſt, nec alij <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, & potius habet illud <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργείας</foreign>, quae indiuiduo conſiſtit, & tota <lb></lb>ſimul, vt terminans <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> & extentionem motus. </s> <s>Verùm quae motus eſt res multò magis varia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>plura habet capita, de ipſo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> multò plura dicenda ſunt, & <expan abbr="quãquam">quanquam</expan> motus ob <expan abbr="dupli-cẽ">dupli<lb></lb>cem</expan> cauſſam fit in elemento, dum gignitur, & poſtquam <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt, ſed poſtquam genitum eſt; per <lb></lb>accidens, & ex impedimento mouetur: per ſe, dum gignitur. </s> <s>Quantum artinet ad motum, qui <lb></lb>eſt elementi geniti: eadem ratio, atque illa quæ de quiete allata fuit. </s> <s>etenim per ſe eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign>, <lb></lb>& functio, per accidens eſt extentio & motus Quod verò ſpectat ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, qui fit per ſe, <expan abbr="repeten-dũ">repeten<lb></lb>dum</expan> eſt in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> motu duo reſpici oportere <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> & viam. </s> <s><expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> qui per ſe indiuiduus eſt; viam <lb></lb>quæ habet extentionem. </s> <s>Terminus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aut eſt perfectus, qui continet omnem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, aut imper<lb></lb>fectus, qui eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> àc mutatum vel <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſſe, quanquam omnes <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> nomine habitus quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2063"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="doq.">doque</expan> exprimuntur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hi verò cùm participent <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> & <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan> <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan>, & <expan abbr="quãdam">quandam</expan> actus ima<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2064"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ginem pręſeferant; re vera partes formæ ſunt, & in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> rectius referuntur: etenim forma eſt <lb></lb>vniuerſæ mutationis extremum. </s> <s>His profectò reſpondent pro portione gradus officij ſui; ſed <lb></lb>non partes motus; verùm termini & mutata eſſe quæ potius <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> quiete congruunt, & functio quę <lb></lb>poſita eſt in indiuiduo, licet imperfecta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan>, quia non ſunt, forma, ſed pars formæ, & <lb></lb>materiæ vicem ſuſtinent, ſiquis <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> illam motus formæ, non adſcribat, non poterit iure accu<lb></lb>ſari. </s> <s>Sed, ſi formę velit aſsignare <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> motus, quòd à forma, cuius ſunt partes, acceperint aliqua <lb></lb><expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> actus, idem erit iudicui de motus cauſſa <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan>, quod ſuprà fecimus deforma noua. <lb></lb></s> <s>erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus, ſeu potius eius terminus energia, & ex illo ſic <expan abbr="pẽdebit">pendebit</expan>, vt energian ex forma <expan abbr="pẽdêre">pendêre</expan> <lb></lb>docuimus. </s> <s>& ita ſe habebit ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> motus, vt ad <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eius quod non eſt quidem motus; ſed ſine <lb></lb>quo non exiſtit motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſecundò non proximè motus ex forma noua pendebit. </s> <s>At verò quia <lb></lb>materia per <expan abbr="veterẽ">veterem</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vtpote <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan> eſt in potentia, <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> in ſe <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> continens, qua<lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> determinato cietur, forma vetus erit prima cauſſa motus: prima inquam, <lb></lb>ſi cum forma noua <expan abbr="cõferatur">conferatur</expan>. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habet in ſeipſa propter eiuſmodi poteſtatem extentionem, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2065"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>repugnantiæ radices, vnde ſucceſsio naſcitur in motu. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="fundamentũ">fundamentum</expan> eſt poteſtatis, cuius in <lb></lb><expan abbr="geniũ">genium</expan> eſt, vt ſemper <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> reſpiciat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & actu terminatur, & ab actu promonetur ad actu, & <lb></lb>actu nititur. </s> <s>actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quo nititur, eſt forma vetus. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis veniamus ad obiectioneis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> verò ſic <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> putamus. </s> <s>Formam <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> cauſſam eſſe motus hiſce legibus acceptis, quae <lb></lb>ſit cauſſa quatenus termini illi imperfecti, ſiue genita eſſe, & habitus vltimo <expan abbr="prægrediẽtes">prægredientes</expan> actum <lb></lb><expan abbr="participãt">participant</expan>, qui totus in forma abſoluta continetur, & quoad ſine terminis illis imperfectis non ex<lb></lb>tat motus. </s> <s>Neque verò motus <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> puto <expan abbr="ſtatuendã">ſtatuendam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> nouam, quae illa terminetur omnis <lb></lb>motus: nam tum reputanda non eſt natura; quippe quæ moueat, vt finis, & vt cauſſa externa. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed hîc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, quae conſideremus, quemadmodum forma noua ſit cauſſa motus: quoniam item <lb></lb>hic modus qui deſcriptus eſt, non caret ſuſpicione. </s> <s>Siquidem natura ſic explicetur. </s> <s>Principium <lb></lb>motus eius in quo eſt primò. </s> <s>quandò neque primò, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt in eo in quo eſt, noua forma ſit cauſſa <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>Nam quod ante <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> abſolutam exiſtit, ab efficiente videtur exiſtere, & ab alio pendêre <lb></lb>ita, niſi vrgeretur ab efficiente; fortè deperiret. </s> <s>Præterea ſi cauſſa eſt motus, per genita eſſe, quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2066"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ſunt motus, ſed aliquid motus: ergo natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt principium motus primò. </s> <s>Verùm ad hæc <lb></lb>ita <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt, eſſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ex alio, vt ab alio partes formæ iam factas, ſicut & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ipſam, neque <lb></lb>hoc eſt eſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: cęterùm ita ab alio eſſe, vt ex alio ſint, hoc eſt, per materię <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan>, & <lb></lb>ſecundùm materię <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, & quatenus actus ille, ſeu gradus perfectionis eſt factus materię pro<lb></lb>prius, ſic eſt natura, & motus ex illo cuicuimodi ſit, eſt naturalis, in eo differens à non naturali, quae <lb></lb>in hoc nihil immutatur de poteſtate materię. </s> <s>Quapropter latet in argumento <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan>, dum aſſumi<lb></lb>tur ita pendêre parteis illas formę, quaſi non hęreant materiæ, & ſimpliciter ſumitur id quod <expan abbr="ve-rũ">ve<lb></lb>rum</expan> eſt adhibita conditione, nimirùm vt ex alio per materiæ mutationem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> verò eſt de eo, <lb></lb>quòd forma non videatur eſſe principium motus primò, cum ſit mutati eſſe & functionis quę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> partes motus. </s> <s>Ambiguitas partium nos decipere poſſer. </s> <s>Etenim partes in motu, vel ſunt mate<lb></lb>rię, & magnitudinis, vel ſunt conſtitutionis & eſſentię: fateor planè mutata eſſe, & actum, vel <lb></lb>energian, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe parteis magnitudinis in motu, quòd tales partes in continuo continuus quoque <lb></lb>ſint neceſſe eſt, ſed ſunt prorſus ex eo genere partium quæ conſtituunt. </s> <s>Ira igitur forma noua <lb></lb>facit motum, quia facit partem conſtituentem motum. </s> <s>At natura eſt principium motus primò. <pb pagenum="317"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2067"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Certè, ſi naturam aſſumas generatim & indiſtinctè quæ materiam <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan>. </s> <s>Ex illa <lb></lb>fit motus primò, & adæquatè, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> forma eſt cauſſa eius partis quæ terminus eſt, & eſſe muta<lb></lb>tum; materia verò ſucceſsionis & extentionis. </s> <s>ſed ſigillatim <expan abbr="vnaquæq.">vnaquæque</expan> eſt primò .i. </s> <s>citra <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, <lb></lb>cauſſa motus ſuo <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> more: ſic cauſſa motus, quòd præſtet aliquid, vnde conſtituatur motus. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſingulæ naturæ ſeorſum ſufficiunt ad <expan abbr="propagandũ">propagandum</expan> motum ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Veruntamen cùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> naturæ concurrant in officio ſuo faciendo, & ex <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> præſentia partes omnes exiſtant <lb></lb>quæ conſtituunt motum: idcirco natura ſimpliciter dicitur eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus primò coniun<lb></lb>ctim, non ſeorſum, quod <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> reſpexiſſe videtur philoſophus in ea definitione, quia nob. </s> <s>notior <lb></lb>eſſet vniuerſus motus, partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quæ ipſum conſtituerent, ignotæ & adhuc plurib. explicandæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Secunda dubitatio ſic tollitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> iam conſtitit, vt forma ſimpliciter ſit cauſſa quietis, ſeu ve<lb></lb>tus, ſeu noua: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa quietis illius quæ ſibi conueniens eſt, vt forma terræ, quae terra maneat <lb></lb>in inferiore loco, cui, ſi acceſſerit ignis forma, ex hac ſequitur, vt locus ſuperior illi conueniat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Motus eſt ex illis, vbi intercedat materiæ permutatio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita variis modis habentes motum fa<lb></lb>ciunt & quietem, & quies ſanè veteri adhęret, quatenus integra eſt; motus, vbi afficitur materia <lb></lb>per poteſtatem quam in ſeipſa retinet ad oppoſitum. </s> <s>Quapropter & natura tum materia, tum <lb></lb>etiam forma ſunt facultates patibiles & oppoſita reſpiciunt. </s> <s>Neque verò quòd audieris formam <lb></lb><expan abbr="veterẽ">veterem</expan> per poteſtatem quam habet ad <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> efficere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, veteri debes, quominus & hoc pa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2068"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cto natura ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus primò: ſiquidem poteſtas ſit ratio principij, non inſtrumentum, <lb></lb>aut aliquid extrinſecùs, quod in ipſa natura <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ponat. </s> <s>Ad obiectionem igitur; liquet accipi <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, non omnib. modis <expan abbr="conſideratã">conſideratam</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimpliciter, quemadmodum in Ariſtotelica definitio<lb></lb>ne poſita eſt. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="tertiã">tertiam</expan> ſic reſpondemus. </s> <s>Naturalem denominari à natura, quae ſit ad naturam, non <lb></lb>ex natura, <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> habere ſenſum. </s> <s>Primùm, qui motus, qui ſunt naturales, ſicuti forma termi<lb></lb>nantur, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="denominẽtur">denominentur</expan> ab ipſa, vt albefactio ab albedine, & à caliditate calefactio, & hoc <lb></lb>pacto dicuntur ab eo ad quod ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, quae motus dicatur naturalis hoc ipſo nomine, id <lb></lb>verò non eſt eò, quae ſit ad naturam, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt motus naturalis, quia ſit in <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & eſt ex natura, quòd eſt huius naturę proprius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> peccat <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundum non <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> vt cauſſam illi tribuens quæ tribuere non oportuit, illa ſeparans quæ tri<lb></lb>buenda fuerant. </s> <s>Diluitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quarta obiectio, quae habitus ab Ariſtotele tam abſolutus, quam im<lb></lb>perfectus ille vocatur, quatenus actum <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan>, & <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> perfectum participat, qui etiam forma <lb></lb>dici ſolet, vt cùm dicitur: Dans formam dare appendices. </s> <s>accipitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma imperfecta quę eſt <lb></lb>ambiguè forma, nec forma ſimpliciter, ſed cum adiecto quod affert <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan>, vt ſi dicas <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2069"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lapideam: ſic, cùm dicitur forma fluens, & forma imperfecta, & hęc motui ſupponitur qui item <lb></lb>eſt functio imperfecta. </s> <s>Dicimus verò ad vltimum: Motum eſſe <expan abbr="ſalutẽ">ſalutem</expan>, quia functio ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam, non eſſe <expan abbr="ſumendũ">ſumendum</expan> ſimpliciter, immo motus affert interitum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed ſpectandas eſſe cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2070"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſas, vnde deriuatur, & quantum eſt de cauſsis internis de quibus nunc ipſum verba facimus, eæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubeũt">ſubeunt</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> poteſtatis, aut actus. </s> <s>Eſt igitur motus eius interitus, quo fundatur ratio poteſtatis. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> in motu ſeu primò, vt fit in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſpecie motus per ſe ipſam conſiderata, ſeu ſecundò, vt <lb></lb>fit in motu <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan>, qui ſequitur <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> mutationem, <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> amittitur de termino à quo cui po<lb></lb>teſtas innititur, & de actu illi oppoſito <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in albefactione amittitur, <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> primò, <lb></lb>quo nititur poteſtas ad <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan>: in motu ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, amittitur forma vetus, qua fundatur poteſtas <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan>, & functiones quæ illam <expan abbr="conſequūtur">conſequuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr="aūt">aut</expan> functio <expan abbr="cõſeruatio">conſeruatio</expan> cauſſę illius <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> habet actus, ſiue <expan abbr="ĩperfectio">imperfectio</expan>, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> res gignitur, & eſt <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan>, ſiue perfecti, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> res genita <lb></lb>eſt vt eſt quies. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> bene ſe habet, cùm eſt in officio. </s> <s>Nolim <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> te obliuiſci <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſalutẽ">ſalutem</expan> <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <lb></lb>ea ex parte qua <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> aliquid facti, & <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργειαν</foreign>, qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> pendet à forma noua, aut eius aliqua <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2071"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>parte, vt ſuprà <expan abbr="cõſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hactenus à nobis explicata ſunt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> naturæ officia: reſtat <lb></lb><expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan>, vt <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> ſententias recenſentes indicemus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> longè diſſentiant iis quæ <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> decreta fuerunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2060"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2061"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2062"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2063"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2064"></margin.target>a 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2065"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2066"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2067"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2068"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2069"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2070"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2071"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Recitantur opiniones quorundam credentium motum inanimi obiri ab interno principio. </s> <s>C. XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVOD elementa dum fiunt, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> imperfecta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, egeant externi motoris ſine quo <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit in <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> erumpere, gratis <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> <expan abbr="cõceſſerit">conceſſerit</expan>. </s> <s>Sed quòd <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus, poſt<lb></lb>quam illa perfecta fuerint, ab extrinſeco <expan abbr="mouẽte">mouente</expan> naſcatur, ardua nimirùm petitio videatur. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſicuti <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> ob id ita dicitur, quia nihil ei deſit, tum quod ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> pertinet, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quoad <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa munera obeunda ad quę <expan abbr="inſtitutũ">inſtitutum</expan> eſt à natura: ſic elementa, cùm perfecta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>; <expan abbr="exiſtiman-dũ">exiſtiman<lb></lb>dum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quę ſibi naturaliter inſunt, <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> externo auxilio præſtare poſſe, natura ſibi cuncta libe<lb></lb>raliſsimè ſubminiſtrante. </s> <s>Hæc videtur <expan abbr="aliq́uando">aliquando</expan> fuiſſe profeſſus ipſe Ariſtoteles qui apertiſsi<lb></lb>mè teſtatus ſit, <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> moueri ſuapte natura <expan abbr="cõuincunt">conuincunt</expan> id rationes efficaciſsimę, clamat ſenſus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> ſecus <expan abbr="sẽſerit">senſerit</expan>, <expan abbr="plũbus">plumbus</expan> prorſus in phyſiologia <expan abbr="cẽsẽdus">censendus</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> aliquod <expan abbr="extrĩſecus">extrinſecus</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> adiuurare <expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan>, eſt illud <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> occaſio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> mouendi, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus: non <lb></lb>ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſi eques, vbi dimittat habenas equo, <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> mouere dicatur, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> per <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> <expan abbr="cõcitetur">concitetur</expan>, <pb pagenum="318"></pb>Etenim, niſi quid impediat proceſſum elementi, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> gignitur, ſimul <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, licèt natura poſterius, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2072"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> genitum eſt, & in ſuo loco: quòd ſi per vim è loco ſuo pellatur, aut dum gignitur, etiam <lb></lb>vetetur, quominus in <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> feratur <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, donec <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> ſit; manet <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, ſed quoniam extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <lb></lb>locum eſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, cupit adipiſci ſtatum naturalem, non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quoniam impeditur; tolle im<lb></lb>pedimentum, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> ipſum per ſeſe promptè ſe conferet ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum, & è poteſtate quam habebat, <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> ex ſe ipſo deducetur: ea verò poteſtas eſt <expan abbr="ſecũda">ſecunda</expan> quæ iam dirigitur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam poſtquam genitum eſt, habitum contraxit, & eſt in actu primo. </s> <s>Aſſenſiſſe quoque videtur <lb></lb>Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eidem placito, cùm comparat habitum efficiendi facultati, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id pronunciatum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2073"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab ipſo eſt cum Ariſtotele, niſi quòd, non alterius eſt motrix, ſed eius, à quo habetur, “vt credi poſ<lb></lb>ſit, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> habere vim mouendi, cùm ipſa ſit habitus, id in quo eſt.” Atteſtatur item his ratio Quo<lb></lb>niam id per ſe operatur, quod habet in ſeipſo functionis ſuæ primordia: atqui elementa ſunt hu<lb></lb>iuſmodi: conſtant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eo tempore ex materia & forma, quarum alterius <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> eſt pati, alterius <lb></lb>verò efficere. </s> <s>Cęterùm hæc ſunt duo ſufficientia principia compoſito ſuæ cuiuſque functionis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo per ſe operantur quęcunque è talibus principiis conſtituta ſunt. </s> <s>quòd ſiquo egeant alio, id <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> eſt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. </s> <s>Confirmatur inſuper: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> id dicitur per ſe moueri quod <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> è duabus partibus, <lb></lb>altera nimirùm quę moueat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quę moueatur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt quod ex hiſce partibus <expan abbr="cõflatũ">conflatum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, per ſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõcitetur">concitetur</expan>: elementa verò è duabus hiſce partibus <expan abbr="cõſtitura">conſtitura</expan> ſunt, materia videlicet <lb></lb>& forma. </s> <s>Planum ergo eſt, quòd ipſa per ſe mouentur. </s> <s>Prætereà functiones ſunt <expan abbr="indiuiduorũ">indiuiduorum</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2074"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ergo totum ſe mouet. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſimplex motus corporis ſimplicis: ergo elementa ſimplici motu <lb></lb>aguntur, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ſuo <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> proprio. </s> <s>Mouent igitur ſe per ſe. </s> <s>Nec parum difficulta<lb></lb>tis hæc mihi faciunt. </s> <s>Primùm, quia, ſi requireretur aliquod extrinſecum mouens, formæ natura<lb></lb>les carerent propriis functionibus. </s> <s>Neque eſt, quòd confugiamus ad ipſum remouens <expan abbr="prohibẽs">prohibens</expan>, <lb></lb>aut medium quæ faciant, vt operentur ſecundùm <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> ſibi conuenientem, quoniam vtrunque <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> per ſe eſt indifferens, & grauia mouet deorſum, leuia verò ſurſum. </s> <s>Rurſus probari non <lb></lb>poſſet numerus corporum <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> ex numero <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan>, niſi proprius eſſet cuiuſque corporis mo<lb></lb>tus, & à ſua forma. </s> <s>Et quod <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> maximum eſt: quoniam ſi mouetur elementum iam <expan abbr="geni-tũ">geni<lb></lb>tum</expan> ab alio, mouetur <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> à remouente prohibens, ſed ipſum ſibi remouet prohibens, vt quando <lb></lb>præ pondere lapis frangit <expan abbr="funẽ">funem</expan> cui fuerat appenſus. </s> <s>Ergo à ſeipſo mouetur, & à ſeipſo maximè, <lb></lb>quoniam is eſt ordo inter <expan abbr="mouẽtia">mouentia</expan> per modum efficientis, vt id quod prius mouit, ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> potius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quòd moueatur à ſeipſo patet: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> fractio <expan abbr="tentionẽ">tentionem</expan> ſequitur, ea verò eſt motus ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo quod tendit, loco mouet; at quod ita mouit, etiam in mouendo mouetur. </s> <s>Neceſſe igitur eſt, <lb></lb>vt moueatur lapis tendens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> funem, deinde fractio conſequatur. </s> <s>Mitto nunc eos qui cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2075"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſam omnem motus attribuunt loco: proptereà quòd ipſe mouet, vt finis. </s> <s>at nos hîc conficientes <lb></lb>cauſſas veſtigamus quæ ſcilicet <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> à primo actu ad ſecundum proximè traducant. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi obiicias in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> motu mobile reſponſare mouenti. </s> <s>At materię ſuę formę non reſiſtit. </s> <s>Ergo mate<lb></lb>ria non mouetur à forma quam in ſe habet, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuppetit quod ad hoc dici poſsit. </s> <s>Materiam <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> ſimpliciter acceptam non moueri, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe poteſtas quæ moueri non poteſt: ſed, quatenus <lb></lb>eſt ſub tali forma: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab actu ſolùm ratione, non autem reipſa ſecreta eſt, <expan abbr="ideoq.">ideoque</expan> capax eſt mo<lb></lb>tus, non <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vt ipſa ſimpliciter moueatur, ſed quatenus informata eſt; quapropter & per <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <lb></lb>mouetur <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>Mouetur autem non per ſe primò à ſeipſo, quia nil tale datur in natura: ne <lb></lb>ſit in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto repugnantia, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore <expan abbr="maneãt">maneant</expan> ſimul actus & poteſtas. </s> <s>ad idem: ob <lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ſit & non ſit <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> temporis puncto: fieri <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id nullo modo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed per ſe quidem, <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primò: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> pars vna mouet, altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouetur. </s> <s>Verùm quia pars illa quæ mouet, <lb></lb>mouetur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ad motum eius quam ipſa mouit. </s> <s>Idcirco in toto nulla pars eſt quæ non mouea<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>; non tamen <expan abbr="vnaquęq.">vnaquęque</expan> per ſe mouetur, ſed vna per ſe, altera <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> per accidens. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2076"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> pars quæ per ſe mouetur, non mouet; ideò <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſe mouet, & totum à ſe mouetur, ſed ſe <lb></lb>mouet forma, à ſe verò mouetur materia. </s> <s>Veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma mouet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materia moue<lb></lb>tur ſine auxilio mouentis extrinſeci. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt non à ſe ipſo ſimpliciter inanimum moueri dica<lb></lb>tur, ſed ab alio; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non vnicum eſt, ſed geminum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> primum id eſt quod aufert impe<lb></lb>dimentum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, ipſum medium per quod fertur. </s> <s>Hæc ad ſummam eſt præſtantiſsimo<lb></lb>rum Auerroiſtarum ſententia à nobis quàm breuiſsimè collecta. </s> <s>& ea, quibus id quod inten<lb></lb>dunt, confirmant, & id quod contrà dicitur, refellunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2072"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2073"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>C. de po<lb></lb>tentia.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2074"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2075"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2076"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Opinio Burlei, atque argumenta ex Ariſtotele contrà poſitiones Auerroiſtarum <lb></lb>recitantur. </s> <s>Caput XLIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ALII nonnulli fatentur quidem elementum diuidi in duas parteis, alteram ſanè quæ per ſe <lb></lb>moueat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi reſpondentem alteram quæ per ſe moueatur, ſed in eo diſcrepant à ſupe<lb></lb>rioribus, quòd dum elementa gignuntur agitentur à ſua forma; poſtquàm verò genita fuerint, <pb pagenum="319"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2077"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non amplius ab ea concitentur: verùm à virtutibus ſuis, grauitate ſcilicet & leuitate quæ faten<lb></lb>tur ipſi referri ad accidens, nihilominus nil eſſe, quod vetet, quominus ſint principia ſecundę hu<lb></lb>iuſce motionis quę fit, poſtquàm <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan> eſt elementum. </s> <s>Neque illis deſunt rationes probabi<lb></lb>les quibus perſuadeantur. </s> <s>Nanque illud pro potiſsima cauſſa eſt habendum quo poſito ponitur <lb></lb>primò, & quo ſublato, primò item tollitur effectus. </s> <s>Sed poſitis atque ſublatis ab elemento gra<lb></lb>uitate, ac leuitate ponitur aut tollitur primò motus naturalis. </s> <s>Ergo hæc naturalis motus initia <lb></lb>ſunt habenda. </s> <s>Probat aſſumptionem huius argumenti Burleus hoc pacto. </s> <s>Quoniam in mixto <lb></lb>ſuperſtites ſunt grauitas & leuitas, aboletis <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formis (hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quòd à pleriſque proba<lb></lb>tur, in præſentia concedamus) & tamen ea mouentur adhuc <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Deinde quod <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> per ſe quietis, etiam eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, vt res eò moueatur, vbi manet, ſed grauitas & leui<lb></lb>tas ſunt principia quietis. </s> <s>Igitur etiam ſunt principia motus. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt quietis initium per quod <lb></lb>reſiſtit auellenti rem è proprio loco. </s> <s>Sed terra per grauitatem reſiſtit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ergo grauitas eſt princi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2078"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pium per quod terra quieſcit. </s> <s>Tum ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo proficiſcitur motus à quo naſcitur velocitas. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed velocitas à grauitate <expan abbr="leuitateq́">leuitateque</expan>. </s> <s>proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Quamobrem ab iiſdem cauſsis in elemento mo<lb></lb>tum ineſſe fatendum eſt, Aſſumptio probatur. </s> <s>quandò his auctis augetur item velocitas, vt quaſi <lb></lb>per eius loci conuerſionem. </s> <s>Sicuti ſe habet ſimpliciter ad ſimpliciter, & magis ad magis, & ma<lb></lb>ximè ad maximè, & contrà ſicut maximè ad maximè, ſic etiam magis ad magis, & ſimpliciter ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2079"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter, maxima grauitas maximę velocitatis cauſſa, maior maioris, ergo & grauitas ſimpli<lb></lb>citer velocitatis ſimpliciter cauſſa ponenda eſt. </s> <s>Propoſitio verò videtur ex eo conſequi fidem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quod dat conſequentia, dat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> antecedentia: velocitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt quædam res quę conſequi<lb></lb>tur motum. </s> <s>Nec aliena ſunt ab hac ſententia verba ipſius philoſophi. </s> <s>Nam dixit aliquando, <lb></lb>quod iam leue eſt operari ſecundùm leuitatem. </s> <s>At quid aliud ſibi volunt hæc, quàm moueri ad <lb></lb>ſuum locum, aut in ſuo loco manere? </s> <s>Itaque cùm leue ſit per leuitatem operetur, planum eſt, <lb></lb>leuitatem eſſe cauſſam motus elemento in ſuum ipſius locum, & quietis in eo. </s> <s>Quin etiam idem <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles accipit, corpora grauia à grauitatibus ſuis agitari. </s> <s>Poſtremò, cùm diſſereret Ariſtote<lb></lb>les de cauſſa rotunditatis terræ, <expan abbr="cõcludebat">concludebat</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> ſuperiorem grauitatem inferiorem opprimere, <lb></lb>atque ita <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> verſus agere. </s> <s>Obſeruo hæc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> à iunioribus adiungi. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> manet, <expan abbr="inquiũt">inquiunt</expan>, <lb></lb>extrinſecum aliquod <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, dum ruit lapis: quamobrem aliquod interius oportet eſſe à quo <lb></lb>agitetur, aut igitur id eſt forma, aut accidens, vt grauitas. </s> <s>Atqui forma non eſt, quòd in animo ca<lb></lb>rentibus forma vim efficiendi non habeat, grauitas igitur. </s> <s>Eam verò ſic concitare dicunt elemen<lb></lb>tum, quaſi ſit virtus elemento impreſſa, veluti vis indita ſagittę ab ipſo proiiciente, ſed grauitas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2080"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à generante imprimitur, idcirco vis ſagittæ impreſſa præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ineſt, grauitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt natura<lb></lb>lis: ita vt ſe habeat tanquam virtus in ſemine quæ poſsit afficere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mouere materiam fœtus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ea ſunt quæ in Auerrois ſecta, quę profitetur, elementa moueri à ſe ipſis; auctores non igno<lb></lb>biles inuenere, vt contineant ea quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouentur, cauſſam nimirùm quę motum <lb></lb>efficiat, ſiue ea perfecta, ſiue imperfecta ponatur. </s> <s>Contrà quos illa ſolent afferri quæ de hac ipſa <lb></lb>re diſſerens Ariſtoteles apertè concluſit. </s> <s>Primùm. </s> <s>Quod diuiditur in partem per ſe <expan abbr="mouẽtem">mouentem</expan>, <lb></lb>& partem per ſe <expan abbr="motã">motam</expan>, ex ſe <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> modò mouetur. </s> <s>Animans ſolùm in eas parteis diuiditur. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>animans ſolùm ex ſe mouetur, vſque adeò, vt cognitio & motus qui à ſuis ipſius initiis admini<lb></lb>ſtratur, animal ab iis quæ non ſunt animalia, ſecreuerint. </s> <s>Deinde quod ſe mouet etiam ſe ſiſtere <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s>At inanima ſeipſa non ſiſtunt. </s> <s>Vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è manu proiicientis, aut omnino è poteſtate prohi<lb></lb>bentis elapſa fuerint, nunquam ceſſant: niſi cùm in ſua loca peruenerint, ni fortè, & <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> præſto <lb></lb>fit quod impediat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eundem eſſe fontem quietis & motus, cùm ſint oppoſita, ſeu potius in<lb></lb>ter ſe ordinem habentia, cenſendum eſt. </s> <s>Id verò perſpicuè comperitur ineſſe in animali, quandò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2081"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſum & è ſuo loco per ſe mouetur, & vbi vult, etiam manet: inanima, cùm in ſuo loco exiſtunt, <lb></lb>inde non niſi vi diuelluntur: <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>non niſi dimiſſa reuertuntur, & id prętereà quod mouet, <lb></lb>ſedat & ſiſtit, vt ego, qui moueo calamum, ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſiſto. </s> <s>Vt igitur animal aliud mouet & ſi<lb></lb>ſtit, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi mouet ſeipſum, ſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſiſtere poteſt: ac niſi id fiat, vt, ſi rueret præceps, ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>motus ab animali non eſt, verùm ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> corporis, per <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mouetur ab alio, ideò quoque <lb></lb>opus habet, vt ab alio ſiſtatur. </s> <s>Tum tertiò quoniam ea quæ per ſe mouentur à ſeipſis, mouen<lb></lb>tur ad plureis loci differentias, & pluribus motibus. </s> <s>Perſpicuum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, animalia eſſe huiuſmodi <lb></lb>quæ tu cernis <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> corporis parteis <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> verſus agitare, & ad omneis loci <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> cieri poſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter etiam exiſtimauit Plotinus, <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> habere vim mouendi corpus in orbem animi cę<lb></lb>leſtis officia ad noſtrates animos transferens imprudenter. </s> <s><expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>plureis <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> motus, tum in <lb></lb>toto, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in partibus: cùm modò rectà progredi, aliàs aſcendere, nonnunquam deſcendere <lb></lb>ſoleant, & attollendo, & deprimendo, tendendo item, ac flectendo, <expan abbr="trahendoq́">trahendoque</expan>. </s> <s>& pellendo par<lb></lb>tes corporis, varias illis tribuere motioneis. </s> <s>Adde etiam plantas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & illarum motus à ſeipſis <lb></lb>obeuntur, dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> augentur, in <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> loci differentiam ſeſe porrigunt. </s> <s>Poſtremò quod per ſe mo<lb></lb>uetur, diuidi oportet in partem actu per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, & in partem per ſe motam. </s> <s>At inanima ni <pb pagenum="320"></pb>hil habent huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Propoſitio verò probatur ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Quoniam quod per ſe moue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2082"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, habet in ſe initia cum efficiendi, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> excipiendi motum. </s> <s>At hęc, ſi debent ſeſe afficere, <lb></lb>hoc eſt, ſi vnum <expan abbr="acturũ">acturum</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> verò paſſurum, ſeparata ſint oportet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ratione ſolùm, aut po<lb></lb>teſtate, ſed reipſa & actu. </s> <s>Inanima verò formas habent prorſus, cum materia connexas, <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> <lb></lb>indiſſolubiles, & eiuſmodi quæ <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in officiis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> reipſa diuelli queant à materia. </s> <s>Non poſ<lb></lb>ſunt igitur conſtare inanima è parte mouente, & è parte mota. </s> <s>Quamobrem id conſequi neceſ<lb></lb>ſe eſt, vt non à ſeipſis, ſed ab alio neceſſariò moueantui ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Hoc igitur Ariſto<lb></lb>teli placuit, quod multò ante Platoni item placuerat, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nam diſtinxit aliquando animata ab ina<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2083"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nimis, quòd hæc extra ſe initium ſui motus haberent; illa verò intra. </s> <s>“<foreign lang="grc">ὦ γὰρ ἔξωθεν</foreign>, inquit, <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τὸ κινεῖσθαι ἄψυχον, ᾦ δὲ ἔνδοθεν αὐτὸ ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ ε<gap></gap>μψυχον</foreign>.”</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2077"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2078"></margin.target>a Lib. d <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2079"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2080"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2081"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2082"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2083"></margin.target>a Phœdr. <lb></lb></s> <s>10. I. de <lb></lb>leg.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Communiter ij confutantur qui putant inanima quoquo pacto continere in ſeipſis cauſſam <lb></lb>quę faciat motum. </s> <s>Caput XLIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC ex ipſo Ariſtotele deprompta rem vniuerſam abditiſsimis tenebris immerſere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>& ad defendendas ſuperioreis ſententias illa excogitari oportuit, quę neſcio equidem, an ſa<lb></lb>tis firma ſint. </s> <s>Audiamus igitur eos, vt ipſis communiter reprehenſis, poſteà ſigillatim in ſingulas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2084"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſententias diſputare poſsimus. </s> <s>Conuenit ergo inter omneis huiuſce ſectæ viros; ſunt verò qui ſe <lb></lb>Auerroëm tueri profitentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ab ipſo primùm occaſio diſputationis huiuſce exorta fuiſſe <lb></lb>videtur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> meminere Philoponi qui contra omneis Atticos idem de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> motu de<lb></lb>creuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> apud illos hæc res <expan abbr="dubitationẽ">dubitationem</expan> non inuénit. </s> <s>Conuenit, inquam, inter ipſos. </s> <s>Inani<lb></lb>mum in partem per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe motam diuidi, ſiue pars ipſa mouens ſit for<lb></lb>ma, vt video pleroſque putare, ſiue accidens, vt grauitas & leuitas, id quod obſeruo primùm in <lb></lb>Burleo. </s> <s>Quanquam iudicio meo præſtat opinio illa prior ob eas cauſſas quæ infrà exponentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde rationeis Ariſtotelicas in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> partem accipi, vt non ſimpliciter, verùm cum aliqua lege <expan abbr="cõ-cludantur">con<lb></lb>cludantur</expan>. </s> <s>At verò priuſquàm leges iſtas audiamus in primis Ariſtotelis ipſius ſententias, & pro<lb></lb>greſſum diligenter exploremus. </s> <s>Ita igitur nos perſuadet eiuſmodi rationum ductus. </s> <s>Nam cùm <lb></lb>id quod per ſe mouetur, ſit duplex; aut quod à ſe mouetur, quia ſcilicet habeat in ſeipſo princi<lb></lb>pia ſui motus quæ ſunt pars mouens, & pars mobilis, aut quod mouetur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex aliqua parte ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis, ſed ex toto: primùm diuidit Ariſtoteles ea quæ mouentur, vt ex toto, non ex aliqua <lb></lb>magnitudinis parte <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>, inquiens, aliqua moueri à ſeipſis, ab alio nonnulla, ſeu vi, ſeu na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2085"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura, nihil hîc vetat. </s> <s>Rurſus rediens ad illa quæ per ſe, ideſt, non ex parte mouentur, ea diſtribuit <lb></lb>oppoſitione ſecunda, quia nonnulla ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moneantur, alia vi quadam agitentur, & <lb></lb>contrà naturam. </s> <s>Quæ ſanè partitio ſi pro Ariſtotelis ipſius admonitione ſpectetur; prohibere <lb></lb>debet, quominus arbitremur hæc eſſe reciproca, ſuapte natura moueri, & agi ab interno princi<lb></lb>pio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex alia parte violenter, & ab alio <expan abbr="cõcitari">concitari</expan>. </s> <s>quòd cùm ſæpius <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> genus repetitur, indicat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> primæ diuiſionis cum <expan abbr="mẽbris">membris</expan> alterius permiſceri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> confundi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Illud planè verum, id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2086"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouetur, ab alio prorſus moueri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud, quod à ſeipſo mouetur, ſuapte <lb></lb>natura cieri: quanquam id ex toto, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſingulis ex partibus eueniat. </s> <s>Ac ſi in alium ſenſum <lb></lb>accipiatur ea diſtributio, pręter id quòd mira inconcinnitas inſeretur in contextum, ſi inanis, eiuſ<lb></lb>dem partitionis iteratio fiat; item Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="inconſtantiã">inconſtantiam</expan> ſignificare poterit, qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> præcepta <lb></lb>dederit quæ prorſus inutilia ſint, aut ea non ſeruauerit quæ ipſe dederit, & primus ſuę legis vincu<lb></lb>la fregerit. </s> <s>Et certè ſi <expan abbr="cõmeant">commeant</expan> illa, non ſic diuidundum fuerat, vt ipſe fecit; ſatis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fuiſſet, ſi ita di<lb></lb>ctum foret. </s> <s>Quæ per ſe mouentur, aut à ſeipſis, aut ab alio mouentur. </s> <s>Ea verò quæ à ſeipſis agun<lb></lb>tur; ſuapte natura, quę <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab alio violenter: fuiſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuapte natura moueri non eius proprium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2087"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod per ſe mouetur, nec item ab alio moueri, ſed illud <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę mouentur à ſeipſis; hoc autem <lb></lb>illorum quę mouentur ab alio. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi ſtaret ita diuiſio, non præſtaret nobis Ariſtoteles id <lb></lb>quod expeteret, aut certè longiore via perficeret, <expan abbr="fruſtraq́">fruſtraque</expan>. </s> <s>tota theatra ſępius <expan abbr="cõmouiſſet">commouiſſet</expan> <expan abbr="clamãs">clamans</expan>, <lb></lb>methodos eſſe naturæ imitatrices, quare nihil ab eis redundans eſſe expectandum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> in pri<lb></lb>mum mouens 8. Phyſ. vniuerſus Ariſtotelis ſermo contendebat, & ab his quæ ſunt inanima quæ <lb></lb>voluit ab alio moueri, reſoluit <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> inanimata, quorum more primum mobile mo<lb></lb>ueretur. </s> <s>ea verò ſunt quæ à ſeipſis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> mouentur, ſed tamen pars mouens adhuc mobilis eſt; <lb></lb>cùm ſatis fuiſſet, ſi ab iis quæ natura mouentur, proximè ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mouens perueniſſet, quòd in <lb></lb>eis foret <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> pars. </s> <s>Sed ipſe ab iis quæ mouentur ab alio, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> credimus eſſe inanima ad illa <lb></lb>venit primùm quæ putamus eſſe animalia. </s> <s>ex quorum motu de primo mobili <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> ferri poſ<lb></lb>ſet. </s> <s>Accedit <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, quòd moueri à ſe, & ab alio non minus inter ſe diſiuncta erunt, quàm ſuapte <lb></lb>natura moueri, & contra naturam. </s> <s>Igitur etiam proprietates eius quod à ſeipſo mouetur, ab iis <lb></lb>erunt alienę quæ mouentur ab alio, illius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proprietas quod à ſeipſo mouetur, inter alias hæc <lb></lb>eſt, diuidi in partem <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan>, ac mouentem. </s> <s>Quapropter id quod in eas parteis non ſecabitur, ab <pb pagenum="321"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2088"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alio planè mouebitur, & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſed cùm inanima <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diuidantur in eiuſmodi parteis, nun<lb></lb>quam ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueri poterunt: aliter falſa illa <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> forent, & <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> lubrica quæ po<lb></lb>ſteà de inanimis aſſumpſiſſet, & nouis rationibus confirmare conatus eſſet in eo propoſito ma<lb></lb>nens, & quae ab alio moueantur, & quòd in tales parteis <expan abbr="nũ">num</expan> ſecentur, aut ſi defendiſſet oppoſitum; <lb></lb>illa profectò quę tantis machinis erexerat, aliquando demolitus eſſet. </s> <s>Sed quid <expan abbr="tãto">tanto</expan> conatu opus <lb></lb>eſt in re perſpicua? </s> <s>perge obſecro, videbis Ariſtotelem paullo poſt ita ſcripſiſſe. <foreign lang="grc">καὶ τῶν ὐπ' <lb></lb>ἄλλου κινουμὲνον τὰ μὲν φύσει κινείται, τὰ δὲ πὰρα φύσιν</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt ex iis quæ mouentur ab alio, quę<lb></lb>dam ſuapte natura mouentur, nonnulla contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & mox <foreign lang="grc">τῶν γὰρ ὑπ' ἀλλ' οὐ κινουμὲνον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὰ <lb></lb>μὲν παρὰ φύσϊν ἐθήκα μὲν κινεῖσθαι τὰ δὲ λείπεται ἀντιθεῖναι ὁτι φύσει</foreign>. </s> <s>hoc eſt. </s> <s>Ex iis enim <lb></lb>quæ mouentur ab alio, hæc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> poſuimus præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueri, illa verò reliquum eſt, vt op<lb></lb>ponamus, quia natura, vt tibi de partitionis illius veritate ne minima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſuſpicio in animo re<lb></lb>ſtare queat. </s> <s>Prætereà quae abſolutè <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan> in duas illas parteis ſecari nequeat, illa <expan abbr="mõſtrant">monſtrant</expan> quæ <lb></lb>mox Ariſtoteles ipſe <expan abbr="adſcripſit̃">adſcripſitur</expan> ad verbum. </s> <s>Videtur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, vt in nauibus & in iis quæ non na<lb></lb>tura <expan abbr="conſtãt">conſtant</expan>, ſiue artificioſa ſint, ſeu quæ ipſe ſpontina vocat, ſic & in animalibus eſſe diuiſum id <lb></lb>quod mouet, & id quod mouetur. </s> <s>& ſic totum mouere ſeipſum. </s> <s>Eius verba ſunt iſta. <foreign lang="grc">Ἔοικε <lb></lb>γὰρ ὡσπερ ἐν τοῖς πλούοιου καὶ μὴ φύσει συνισταμὲνοις, οὑτω καὶ ἐν τοῖς ζώοις εἶναι διηρημὲνον τὸ κι<lb></lb>νοήν καὶ τὸ κινουμενον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ οὑτως πὸ πάν ἀυτὸ ἑαυτὸ κινεῖν</foreign>. </s> <s>Atque equidem cùm manifeſtè per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2089"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpiciamus eſſe aliquod primum in animali quod cęteris quieſcentibus agitetur, cętera verò illius <lb></lb>primi officio vacante eſſe immobilia, nec in animo carentibus eſſe quicquam huiuſmodi, rectè <lb></lb><expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> eſt, inanimante ſolo <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> eſſe id quod mouet, ab eo quod mouetur, non modò ra<lb></lb>tione ipſa, verùmetiam re: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc id eſſe quod à ſe ipſo moueri poſsit. </s> <s>Maximè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> (adſcribit) <lb></lb>dubitatur, <expan abbr="reliquũ">reliquum</expan> poſtremę diuiſionis <expan abbr="mẽbrum">membrum</expan>, vnde .ſ. </s> <s>motus naturales grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſu<lb></lb>ſcitentur. </s> <s>Hoc verò non ob aliud quàm quòd in illis pars mobilis à mouente diſiuncta non appa<lb></lb>reat quæ prima cauſſa eſt, cur à ſeipſo <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> agitari contingat, quæ cum inanimante ſolo repe<lb></lb>riatur, facit, vt à ſeipſo moueri <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> ſit animantis. </s> <s>Quin potius ſi rem maiore diligentia per<lb></lb>pendamus, ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> videatur allata quæ naſcatur ab initiis, & nobis ſimul, & na<lb></lb>tura prioribus. </s> <s>Etenim hæc accipit Ariſtoteles pro reciprocis animatum eſſe, moueri à ſe ipſo & <lb></lb>diuidi in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> mouentem, ac mobilem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſic confici poterit argumentum. </s> <s>Subiectum ani<lb></lb>matum. </s> <s>A ſeipſo moueri, attributum. </s> <s>Cauſſa, diuidi in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem. </s> <s>Ergo quicquid diui<lb></lb>ditur in parteis <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan> ac <expan abbr="mouẽtem">mouentem</expan>, id à ſeipſo mouetur. </s> <s>Animatum in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem ſecatur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2090"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Et mouetur igitur à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Diuidi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem, & nobiſmet ipſis clarum eſt, & in cęte<lb></lb>ris animantibus, vt id probarè non expediat. </s> <s>Ea in verò cauſſam eſſe ex illo conſtat. </s> <s>Neque enim <lb></lb>quicquam reperiri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quod à ſeipſo primò moueatur. </s> <s>Quare aut ab externo moueri oportebit, <lb></lb>aut in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> neceſſariò diuidetur. </s> <s>ſed nos de illo agimus quod à ſeipſo mouetur, non <expan abbr="au-tẽ">au<lb></lb>tem</expan> ab externo. </s> <s>Accedit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd id quod per ſe mouet, & quod per ſe mouetur, actu eſſe debet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ob id mutatur materia ſolùm, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouetur, quia ſit potentia. </s> <s>Sic in animali portione re<lb></lb>ſpondet, ſiue animus qui ibi reſidet: eſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> corpus organicum quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſt actu. </s> <s>Proinde monuit <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles animalia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ſimpliciter <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ſed vnum, quae ab vno, & quodammodò per adiunctio<lb></lb>nem: cùm ab illo primò quod eſt cor, partes aliæ pendere <expan abbr="perſpiciãtur">perſpiciantur</expan>, & <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> planè ducere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Conuerte modò te ad <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan>, quid in illo <expan abbr="diſtinctũ">diſtinctum</expan> apparet? </s> <s>quid eſt in eo quod moueat, cum <lb></lb>ſit actu à re mobili ſeparatum? </s> <s>num ne forma, quæ cùm materia ipſa diuiditur? </s> <s>Immò ſi illa <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmeant">commeant</expan>, qualia accipiuntur ab Ariſtotele, profectò nec <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan> in duas illas parteis diuidi pote<lb></lb>rit, nec à ſe ipſo cieri. </s> <s>aliter non eſſet id quod eſt à ſe moueri, & ex <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> parte conſtare <foreign lang="grc">ζωτικὸν</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2091"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& vitale, vt ipſe poſteà teſtatus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hic ita videtur eſſe ſenſus Ariſtotelis, vt ſuper hiſce fun<lb></lb>damentis extructæ ſint omnes illę rationes quæ in 8. lib. conſequuntur, ne in vniuerſa phyſiolo<lb></lb>gia dicamus. </s> <s>Sed, amabo te, animaduerte progreſſum Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Ipſe dubitat de cauſsis motus <lb></lb>in animo carentibus, ſint'ne externæ, aut internæ, internas non eſſe probat, quandò id vitale ſit, <lb></lb>& animati peculiare, docet ea moueri ſuapte natura; addit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> non eſſe principium, quod ef<lb></lb>ficiat eiuſcemodi motum; monſtrant quod' nam ſit illud mouens, quod agitet illa pro ſua natu<lb></lb>ra, id verò ponit generans, aut <expan abbr="obicẽ">obicem</expan> remouens. </s> <s>Ergo motus inanimi non fit à forma, tanquam <lb></lb>mouente, nec illud <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan>, ſi moueatur ab externo, vi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motum iri, <expan abbr="præterq́">præterque</expan>. </s> <s>naturam. </s> <s>Quid <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> repugnantius, quàm ſi motus naturalis inanimi ab interno efficiente produceretur, hæc con<lb></lb>cludere, & ita perorare <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> eo loco factum eſt? </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis nunc veniamus ad <lb></lb>leges. </s> <s>Hîc video nonnullos <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc loca ſic interpretari, quòd Ariſtoteles ab alio moueri, non au<lb></lb>tem à ſeipſis inanima teſtatus ſit, non quin ipſa <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> motus obtineant: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in<lb></lb>quiunt: quoniam habent <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quæ mouetur, & formam quæ mouet, ſed quia forma <expan abbr="inani-morũ">inani<lb></lb>morum</expan> abſolutè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> animus; hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe ipſum in animali præſtat motum, <lb></lb>nec alterius eget auxilij, forma <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per ſe deducit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſed ab alio extrinſeco <lb></lb>opem ad <expan abbr="mouendũ">mouendum</expan> implorat, idcirco <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> non à ſeipſo, verùm ab alio moueri prædicatur. <pb pagenum="322"></pb>Ad id verò quod de poteſtate & actu adiecimus, etiam dicunt, verum eſſe id quod opponitur, ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2092"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia, vt poteſtate eſt, accipiatur, & forma, vt extra materiam, ideſt, vt ſecreta ratione, & eſſen<lb></lb>tia ab ipſa materia, ſed & materia cum forma capitur, & forma in materia, atque <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> actu, <lb></lb>ob id etiam vna mouet, altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouetur. </s> <s>Quantum ad primum ſpectat, ſoleo certè mirati pro<lb></lb>greſſum Ariſtotelis, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> de motu <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> faciat <expan abbr="mentionẽ">mentionem</expan>, qui nuſquam de motu illo <lb></lb>qui in elemento ab interno principio miniſtratur, neque meminerit, niſi vt de paribili principio, <lb></lb>neque monuerit illa à ſeipſis imperfectè tamen moueri: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ab extrinſeco. </s> <s>Quin<lb></lb>immo rationeis attulerit quibus apertiſsimè <expan abbr="cõſtituere">conſtituere</expan> videatur, ea, non niſi ab alio concitari, prę<lb></lb>ſertim quòd ab alio moueri hoc pacto, non facit differentiam inter <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> animatorum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ani<lb></lb>mo <expan abbr="carentiũ">carentium</expan> quę tamen futura erat, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>perſpicua, vt ab Ariſtotele vſurpetur in libro de ani<lb></lb>ma ad inuenienda principia, per quę conſtituitur animal. </s> <s>Nanque etſi cùm anteà quieſceret ani<lb></lb>mal, poſteà mouetur; ac nihil ipſum extrinſecùs agitare conſtet: tamen id falſum eſt. </s> <s>Siquis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>rem diligentius obſeruet, conſpiciet ſemper aliquid <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ congenita ſunt, moueri in animali: <lb></lb>huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus, ipſum animal cauſſa non eſt, ſed <expan abbr="cõtinens">continens</expan> forſitan. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Proinde neceſſe & multos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2093"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>excitari motus in corpore animalis à continente, ſecundùm quos per ſe ipſum non mouetur, & <lb></lb>præter continens, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> adeſt alimentum. </s> <s>Nam dum coquitur, dormit, dum verò diſgregatur, ex<lb></lb>citatur, & mouet ſeipſum, cùm primùm <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> fuerit ab externo. </s> <s>Externum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alimentum eo tem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2094"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pore <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> eſt, quia non dum in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> viuentis tranſierit. </s> <s>Tum prætereà quia motus ille à ſpe<lb></lb>cie obiecta <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> naſcitur, vt cùm à ſtrepitu animal excitatur. </s> <s>Quare neque ſemper animalia <lb></lb>mouentur à ſeipſis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item à ſeipſa ſimpliciter, ſed egent <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouentis externi, ad <expan abbr="obeũdum">obeundum</expan> <lb></lb>ſuum ipſorum motum. </s> <s>Et tamen à ſeipſis animalia moueri dicitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> moueri ab alio, quan<lb></lb>uis egeant externi. </s> <s>Non igitur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia mouerentur inanima ab extrinſeco concurrente, debuiſſet <lb></lb><expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmouere">commouere</expan> ad ſtatuendum ipſa moueri ab alio, quandò item animalia, quanuis ab ex<lb></lb>terno moueantur, à ſeipſa moueri dicuntur, aut, ſi id prohibet, quominus à ſeipſa dicantur, quia <lb></lb>ſcilicet ab extrinſeco agitentur, pari quoque ratione in re conſimili <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> fuit, animal ab alio, <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à ſeipſo moueri. </s> <s>Quanquam video, te hoc loco reſpondere poſſe, & <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> huiuſce va<lb></lb>rietatis afferre; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> animal, etiam ſi ab externo moueatur, quia tamen <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> illud externum <lb></lb>intra ſe, à ſeipſo moueri prædicetur. </s> <s>at cum externum illud quod mouet <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan>, ſit prorſus ab <lb></lb>ipſo <expan abbr="diſiunctũ">diſiunctum</expan>; idcirco: efficitur vt <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan> ab externo moueri dicatur. </s> <s>Verùm neque hoc mea <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſententia placere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Siquidem non modò moueatur animal, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>ab eo quod eſt intra, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab externo, vt continente, ſtrepitu, & omnino <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſenſilium formis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus hic ſit naturalis, pręter Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="teſtimoniũ">teſtimonium</expan> qui docet non tantùm, hoc motus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2095"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe naturales, ſed à motu animalis alienos, & illis conuenire, quatenus corpora <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> naturalia. <lb></lb></s> <s>(duplex <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primordium motus ineſt in motu animalis, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod eſt natura ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2096"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, quod eſt animus) ſuppetit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ratio, qua nos id confirmare valeamus; etenim omne illud <lb></lb>agens, & omnis ille motus quæ tendunt in <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> opus naturale, ſunt naturalia, & fine determi<lb></lb>nantur qui eſt ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc agentia, omnes hi motus ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> opus na<lb></lb>turale tendunt. </s> <s>Ergo naturalia ſunt. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> naturale opus, & naturæ finis augeri, vigilare, & ſen<lb></lb>tire. </s> <s>Formas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rerum ſenſilium efficere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> declarauit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aliquando, ne fortè illò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2097"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>confugias, eas mouere ſolùm, vt finem. </s> <s>Tametſi quid in hoc tecum pugno qui ſentias formas <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>à materia ſecretas non modò mouere, vt finem, ſed etiam vt efficiens? </s> <s>tanto magis igitur eas quę <lb></lb>ſunt in materia ſenſili propter <expan abbr="ſocietatẽ">ſocietatem</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> quibus agendi vis attributa eſt. </s> <s>Rurſus ita di<lb></lb>cere non eſſet repetere cauſſas ab eſſentia, verùm ab accidente. </s> <s>proptereà quae cauſſam ſui motus in<lb></lb>tra ſe continere eſt ex euento, quia nimirùm <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> habeat organa, & ſit veluti partium cumu<lb></lb>lus, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſicuti <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> continuum. </s> <s>cùm cęteroqui mouens ibi à mobili actu perpetuò diſiun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2098"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctum ſit, & abipſo per ſe concitetur: non eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> veriſimile Ariſtotelem accipere differentias ani<lb></lb>mantium ab inanimis ab ea cauſſa quæ contineat aliquod accidens. </s> <s>Nam ſi te illò referre libeat, <lb></lb>quae vnus ſit animalis motus quo differt à cęteris animo carentibus, nimirùm progreſſus, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolo <lb></lb>dixeris animatum à ſeipſo moueri, & cum reliquis motibus agatur, ab aliis <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rebus natura <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtantibus">conſtantibus</expan> non diſcrepare: iam <expan abbr="mecũ">mecum</expan> ſentire cogeris; cùm ibi motus ab externo fiat animo tan<lb></lb>tùm præſtante parteis idoneas ita moueri, mouens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab illis <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſeparatum ſit: aliter animus <lb></lb>poſſet alios motus efficere, quàm progreſſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id Ariſtotele reclamante, hic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolus eſt orga<lb></lb>nicus, cuius auctor eſt animus ſolus. </s> <s>Quamobrem motus naturalis ab eo principio fiet, quod ex<lb></lb>ternum ſit, & à re mobili reipſa ſecretum. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> intrà contineri mouens illud quod externum <lb></lb>ponimus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> rei naturalis, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> proprium eſt, ſed animalis primò: quoniam eius primò <lb></lb>ſunt variæ partes, & inſtrumenta, quod etiam te ita ſentire ſpero, ſiquando animi definitionem <lb></lb>attendiſti. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò te putare velim, ſicubi motus animantis ab interno principio fieri dicatur, <lb></lb>vniuerſa externa ab eius motibus excludi. </s> <s>cùm finis requiratur qui planè externus eſſe cenſetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facit hoc, quominus à ſeipſo moueri dicamus animatum. </s> <s>prima fundamenta motus <pb pagenum="323"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2099"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obſeruantes quę ſunt efficiens à quo motus <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, & materia quæ motui ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Hoc, <lb></lb>puto, pluribus arridebit. </s> <s>Sed aliud interim ſubſcribam quod firmius eſſe arbitror, ſpeciem quæ <lb></lb>mouet vt finis, mouere primùm, vt ſuprà monui, tanquam efficiens, vel quòd ipſa efficiat, vel quae <lb></lb>vtatur efficiente: verùm quia mouet corpus animantis, non quà <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> eſt, ſed vt naturale, non <lb></lb>recipitur vt efficiens inter principia quæ <expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan> animatum, quatenus huiuſmodi, vt finem verò <lb></lb>mouere <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> conſtat, poſtquàm animo ſpecies accepta fuerit. </s> <s>At tum ſpecies vnum fit cum ani<lb></lb>mo, & <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> magis, vt aiunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex forma & materia fiat, quandò idem fit ſecundùm formam cum <lb></lb>ipſo animo. </s> <s>Proinde non numeratur in mouentibus externis, id ſolùm habens externi, quòd eſt <lb></lb>ſpecies rei quæ extra <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> eſt, cuius adeptione motus quidem terminatur, ſed cùm <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ap<lb></lb>petendi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habeat, niſi cùm tetigit animum ſpecies eius; idcirco internum motus <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> cum <lb></lb>ea ratione conſtituit. </s> <s>In motibus animo <expan abbr="carentiũ">carentium</expan> reſpondet huic principio locus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> in natu<lb></lb>ra locus propter <expan abbr="participationẽ">participationem</expan> virtutis quæ cęlitùs deſcendit, habet vim afficiendi, &, tum (niſi <lb></lb>fallor) cum generante numeratur. </s> <s>Quia verò præfert habitum qui futurus ſit perfectio corpo<lb></lb>ris ibi ſecundùm naturam exiſtentis, ita mouet, vt finis, & <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vt à ſpecie refertur, externus, vt <lb></lb>materiæ præſentatus, ab ipſa non diſiunctus eo .ſ. </s> <s>modo quem nos <foreign lang="grc">εἰδιχῶς</foreign>, alij per intentionem <lb></lb>dicerent, de qua re poſteà copioſius. </s> <s>Sed hęc in præſentia mittamus, cùm hoc loco efficiens cauſ<lb></lb>ſa motus duntaxat inquiratur. </s> <s>Nil etiam dicimus, vbi generante ſublato moueatur elementum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2100"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, niſi vis generantis ſuperſtes ſit in eo quod gignitur (quod quidam negat) tan<lb></lb>tum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> loci aſſequatur oportet elementum, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> de forma contraxerit, forma ſeipſam promo<lb></lb>uere nequit: aliter <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſeipſum gigneret, quo nil abſurdius, nec ſupra <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> ſuum agit, niſi vt ab <lb></lb>alterius virtute agitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id etiam ſi volunt Ariſtoteles, & Galenus, cùm inquiunt, pro mo<lb></lb>mento materiæ, in motoris abſentia fieri progreſſum; & ita agit per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> non igitur vt natura, <lb></lb>aut ergo virtus generantis ſupereſt quod planè verum eſt aut vlterius non progreditur. </s> <s>ſed ma<lb></lb>teria ſuperante retrocedit, aut fit ille motus ab alio quod eſt extra mobile, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> concurrente na<lb></lb>tura, tanquam <expan abbr="agẽdi">agendi</expan> principio. </s> <s>Mittamus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd Ariſtoteles, ne verbo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> breuiſsimo nobis <lb></lb>hanc gloſſulam ſignificauerit, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> de principiis eius quod per ſe mouetur, verba fecit. </s> <s>hoc <lb></lb>addamus. </s> <s>Huiuſmodi principium, cùm ſit cauſſa morus imperfecta, debere ab alio perfici, id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, <lb></lb>aut in genere finis eſt, aut in genere efficientis. </s> <s>At finis ipſe non ſufficit ad motum incutiendum, <lb></lb>ſed prætereà requirit efficiens. </s> <s>Sit hoc quod exciter formam. </s> <s>Si res igitur ita ſit, non modò for<lb></lb>ma erit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus per ſe primum, ſed imminebit <expan abbr="periculũ">periculum</expan>, ne moueat <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> per ſe: quandò <lb></lb>erit principium motus imperfectum, ſigno eſt, quia non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> mouere ſine alio, atque ita ſine alio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2101"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouere non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt tum moueat, cùm ab alio mouetur. </s> <s>Si igitur ea cauſſa prima eſt qua primò <lb></lb>poſita ponitur effectus primò, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>prima ſublata primò tollitur: illud igitur à quo forma <lb></lb>excitatur, cùm ſit <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> fuerit <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, forma verò ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> <expan abbr="propinquũ">propinquum</expan>, ne dixerim <expan abbr="inſtru-mentũ">inſtru<lb></lb>mentum</expan>, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> hæc ſola <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> genera <expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan> ab alio mota. </s> <s>Quòd ſi motus ab alio naturalis <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ergo nullus erit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> motus naturalis. </s> <s>Nullo igitur modo forma erit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus na<lb></lb>turalis, nedum ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> primò & per ſe; nullus. </s> <s>n. talis erit motus, <expan abbr="q̃ppe">quippe</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ab externo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic falſa naturæ definitio reddetur, quae ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus in quo eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per ſe ſolùm, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pri<lb></lb>mò, cum quia ſine medio ſit auctor motus, tum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> principaliter, vt placet optimis philoſophis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunquid ita exiſtimabis, cùm fieri ex aliquo ſit multiplex, vt quae non ſine ipſo, vel vt quae ab ipſo; ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non ab externo moueri, ſed quia non ſine externo? </s> <s>Vide profectò, mi homo, ne reipſum <lb></lb>tuis laqueis irretias. </s> <s>Etenim docebis me primùm vbi <expan abbr="locorũ">locorum</expan> cauſſa ſine qua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ad alia genera per<lb></lb>tineat, àc materiam & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad illam, quae ſine illa non eſt bene; ad hunc, quae ſine illo nihil eſt ſim<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2102"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pliciter: at externa illa numerantur in efficientibus, aut ſi ipſa forma depellet impediens, ſe per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2103"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidens <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> concitabit; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> impedimenti depulſio per accidens ad elementi <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="cõducit">conducit</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tum etiam, ſi qui fit ab alio motus, eſt violens; erit maximè violens, quia maximè fit ab alio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si verò naturalem eſſe fatearis, quia cum externo mouente concurrat <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan>, forma nimirum; <lb></lb>iam non erit illud falſiſsimum; <expan abbr="ẽtſi">etſi</expan> motus à generante fiat, aut à pellente obicem, eſſe adhuc na<lb></lb>turalem. </s> <s>Niſi fortè opineris tunc eſſe naturalem, ſi forma concurrat vt principium mouens, non <lb></lb>vt patibile, vbi ego libentiſsimè diſcam, quis te docuerit tale diſcrimen & quemadmodum ea ſe<lb></lb>quantur quæ generatim <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel infert Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Ergo natura eſt principium patibile motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi dederis, eum motum obiri tanquam ab extrinſeco, quoniam in eo pars mouens actu ſe<lb></lb>iuncta eſt ab ea quæ mouetur; re vera tamen eſſe ab interno, & ab eo quod ſubiecto vnum ſit; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõne">nonne</expan> vides te iam incidere in id, vt facias cauſſam motus in eo quod per ſe mouetur, diſtinctio<lb></lb>nem partium in actu etiam in iis quæ mouentur ſecundùm naturam, quatenus huiuſmodi quæ <lb></lb>pertinet ad animata ſolum? </s> <s>Quapropter eo motus genere ſecundùm naturam animalia ſola <lb></lb>concitantur: nullum tale reperitur in animo carentibus. </s> <s>Inferius autem docebimus, ſi ratione <lb></lb>ſola ſeparentur; ea non eſſe idonea principia motus. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus vllus in elemento, tan<lb></lb>quam ab efficiente cauſſa prorſus inerit. </s> <s>Sic, vt puto, ſublata eſt ea ſententia .ſ. </s> <s>elementa moueri <pb pagenum="324"></pb>ab interno principio, quanuis non abſolutè ex ipſo, ſed alio quodam extrinſecus adiuuante. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2104"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quantum verò eſt de altero, quòd materia non ſimpliciter ad actum ipſius vbi transferatur, po<lb></lb>ſtea dicetur, cùm ipſius Ariſtotelis argumenta tractabimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2084"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2085"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2086"></margin.target>b 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2087"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2088"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2089"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2090"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2091"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2092"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2093"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 51.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2094"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2095"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2096"></margin.target>b 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb><lb></lb>11. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2097"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2098"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2099"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2100"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2101"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2102"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2103"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2104"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur in eos ſigillatim qui gloſſulas adhibent rationibus Ariſtotelis quę ex 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>recitauimus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TERGIVERSANTVR igitur, & velut anguillæ quędam lubricę ex Ariſtoteleis demon<lb></lb>ſtrationibus elabi conantur, & præter eos de quibus hactenus dictum eſt, & Iuniores & ma<lb></lb>iores noſtri ſimul eas non concludi ſimpliciter, ſed cum aliqua conditione defenderunt. </s> <s>Ideò no<lb></lb>ſtrum munus eſt probare <expan abbr="rõneis">rationeis</expan> illas <expan abbr="cõcludi">concludi</expan> ſimpliciter, & ſine vlla limitatione, aut lege vniuer<lb></lb>sè fuiſſe confectas: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>primùm communiter, mox ſpeciatim ſingula gloſſemata refutando. </s> <s>Si <lb></lb>igitur rectus eſt canon ille dialecticus. </s> <s>Nihil in concluſione poſſe comprehendi, quin idem, <expan abbr="eo-demq́">eo<lb></lb>demque</expan>. </s> <s>modo contineatur in propoſitionibus. </s> <s>Si verum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="concluſionẽ">concluſionem</expan> ſimpliciter naſci <lb></lb>è propoſitionibus ſimpliciter acceptis: quandò nec in propoſitionibus, nec in concluſione vlla <lb></lb>conditio continetur: certè nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ex iis ſyllogiſmis colligendum eſt à nob. </s> <s>quod afferat ali<lb></lb>quam conditionem: aliter <expan abbr="cõmitteretur">committeretur</expan> illud fallaciæ genus quod eſt à ſimpliciter ad ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2105"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quid. </s> <s>Spectemus primùm. </s> <s>Quod per ſe mouetur à ſeipſo, vitale eſt, & animatum. </s> <s>Elementa <lb></lb>non ſunt animata, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> viuunt. </s> <s>Nec igitur à ſeipſa mouentur. </s> <s>Noſtri argumenti aſſumptio non <lb></lb>relinquitur in controuerſia. </s> <s>Propoſitionem ſumit ſimpliciter Ariſtoteles: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hîc ſolùm, vnde <lb></lb>diſceprationis origo ducebatur; ſed & anteà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & in libris de Animal, non ſemel, debuit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>ſumi cum <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>, vt concluſio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter inferretur. </s> <s>Quicquid ex ſe mouetur, vt alio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>indigeat, aut ab initio, aut propriè, aut quid <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, quod & falſum fortè fuiſſet, & inutile. </s> <s>Ac fal<lb></lb>ſum quidem, cùm illa etiam quæ ex ipſa mouentur, vt animalia, extrinſeco opus habeant, ſi mo<lb></lb>tum ceptura ſint. </s> <s>Inutile verò, quoniam <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa conditio foret quæ argumento fuiſſet ap<lb></lb>ponenda, aut accederet medio, aut prædicato, & aut in propoſitione, aut in aſſumptione ſubintel<lb></lb>ligeretur. </s> <s>Non ſanè medio: cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> oportuit, ſiquidem medium in concluſione non retineatur? <lb></lb></s> <s>Siue igitur medium ſimpliciter, ſiue cum aliqua lege ſumptum fuerit; profectò nihil ad conclu<lb></lb>ſionem. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ad prædicatum adiungitur, quínam ſenſus erit propoſitionis illius. </s> <s>Quod ex <lb></lb>ſe mouetur vt extrinſeco non egeat eſt vitale? </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex hoc ſequitur?</s><s> non aliud certè, quàm quae <lb></lb>elementa non mouentur ex ſe motu illo qui non eget extrinſeco: non ob id concluditur illa ex <lb></lb>ſe tali motu concitari, qui eget extrinſeco. </s> <s>Nam communius quid eſt ob vim negationis. </s> <s>Non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2106"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>moueri ex ſeſe eo motu qui non eget extrinſeco, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> moueri ex ſe eo motu qui indiget extrinſeco. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim & ea quæ nullo pacto mouentur à ſe, vt quæ vim patiuntur, non mouentur eo motu, qui <lb></lb>externi non indiget. </s> <s>Idem quoque dicemus, ſi accipiamus. </s> <s>Quod ex ſe mouetur, vt externi non <lb></lb>indigeat, ſe ſiſtit, <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione. </s> <s>Quod ex ſe mouetur, vt externi non indigeat ad omneis loci <lb></lb>differentias concitatur, vt optimè perſpicias in concluſione fallaciam ſecundùm conſequens eſſe <lb></lb>implicatam. </s> <s>Quamobrem alterum ex his <expan abbr="incõmodis">incommodis</expan> in Ariſtotelis progreſſum cadet, vel, vt pec<lb></lb>cet in fallacia à ſimpliciter ad ſecundùm quid, aſſumens propoſitiones ſimpliciter & inferens <expan abbr="cõ-cluſionem">con<lb></lb>cluſionem</expan> ſecundùm quid; aut, ſi propoſitioneis <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſecundùm quid accipiat, vt inſit fallacia ſe<lb></lb>cundùm conſequens. </s> <s>Nil dico nunc de quarta illa <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quę ab elementorum continuitate deſum<lb></lb>pta eſt, cùm de hac ipſa plura poſthàc ſeparatim dicenda ſint. </s> <s>Falſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> videri poterit ex ſe <lb></lb>moueri, vt externi non indigeat, eſſe vitale: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt eiuſmodi, ſed quae intra ſe cauſſam habeat <lb></lb>quæ efficiat & quæ accipiat motum, & <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> vis eius propoſitionis extenditur, quod ſanè ina<lb></lb>nimo denegatur. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi cum aliqua conditione rationes illæ concluſæ ſunt, certè ab Ariſto<lb></lb>tele prætermiſſa non eſt. </s> <s>Si illam accepit Ariſtoteles; profectò <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa fuerit perſpicua de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2107"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>buit eſſe; cur igitur, non conſentiunt interpretes? </s> <s>& planè mihi nodum videntur in ſeipſo quæ<lb></lb>rere. </s> <s>Quinetiam quid cogebat <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>, vt explicaret modum, quo elementa ipſa ſunt res na<lb></lb>turales? </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt propter actuoſum <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quod internum ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> externi priuilegio conſecu<lb></lb>ta ſunt aliquid <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturale, ne dixerim præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: falsò igitur illatum fuiſſet, ea eſſe natura<lb></lb>lia, quoniam nata apta ſint aliquò ferri, & falſa interpretatio naturæ ipſius ex concluſis illata, quae <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> faciendi, ſed patiendi planè; cauſſam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reddidiſſet ex his, cur ea corpora na<lb></lb>turalia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="eſsẽt">eſsent</expan>; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, cur, ſi <expan abbr="mouerẽtur">mouerentur</expan> ab alio, naturalia dicerentur, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vt explicaret, phi<lb></lb>loſophus, ibi <expan abbr="sũmè">summè</expan> <expan abbr="cõtendebat">contendebat</expan>. </s> <s>Accedit eadem, quae ſi <expan abbr="cõcluderetur">concluderetur</expan>, <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri ex ſeipſis, vt<lb></lb>puta, cùm hac <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>, propriè, & <expan abbr="manifeſtũ">manifeſtum</expan> foret ea moueri ex ſeipſis, inferretur <expan abbr="cõcluſio">concluſio</expan> con<lb></lb>iunctim. </s> <s>Cùm ergo diuiſim poſteà colligatur ab Ariſtotele; planum, quae <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> à coniunctis ad<lb></lb>diuiſa <expan abbr="cõmitteret">committeret</expan>. </s> <s>Quare hæc dicere dialecticen ignorantis eſt, & Ariſtotelis verba parùm perpen<lb></lb>dentis. </s> <s>Poſtremò fac, ea moueri ab interno principio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tamen ſine alio, ſiue ab initio, ſiue in pro<lb></lb>greſſu, nil intereſt: at moueri ab alio, violens eſt, <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan>: quippe quae vno ex iis quat <pb pagenum="325"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2108"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuor modis, qui 7. Phyſ. ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="recẽſentur">recenſentur</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo & motus <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> naturalis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit, ſed, <expan abbr="quo-niã">quo<lb></lb>niam</expan> fit ab alio, <expan abbr="violẽtus">violentus</expan>. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quiſpiam dicat <expan abbr="propẽſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> ſufficere <expan abbr="patiẽtis">patientis</expan>. </s> <s>At quid tot <expan abbr="tantaſq́">tantaſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>tragœdias excitare, ſi dicamus <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ab alio moueri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> ſubire <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> quandam perpeſsiones? </s> <s>aut etiam quae non omnes illi motus, qui 7. Phyſ. deſcribun<lb></lb>tur, violentes habeantur? </s> <s>Poſſem hîc vti quodam loco 4. de cęlo ad explicationis noſtræ confir<lb></lb>mationem, ſed cùm poſthàc ſeparatim perpendendus ſit; de induſtria miſſum facio. </s> <s>Hîc video <lb></lb>quoſdam gratis dare, violentum quandam contineri in motu naturali corporum ſimplicium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm obſerua, amabò, quàm rectè <expan abbr="defendãtur">defendantur</expan> ea quæ de motuum ſimplicitate pronunciauit <lb></lb>philoſophus ad quam, vt ipſi volunt, mouentis ſimplicitas, mobilis, <expan abbr="ſpatiiq́ue">ſpatiique</expan> vnà concurrit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà nota dictum Ariſtotelis de 1. de Cęlo, quo rationem reddit, cur ſimplicia corpora velo<lb></lb>cius in fine quàm in principio moueantur, & veteres ibidem eo nomine accuſantis, quòd exiſti<lb></lb>marent, eum motum non ſine aliqua vi miniſtrari. </s> <s>Ita quoque ſe vertant Auerrois aſſeclæ, iaceat <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt omnis eorum ſolertia: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>id perſpicuum ſit, non eſt quòd pluribus verbis refel<lb></lb>latur. </s> <s>Quantò illud ineptius, quod Burleus ipſe profeſſus eſt. </s> <s>Nempe ex iis rationibus colligi, <lb></lb>non ſanè elementa moueri ab alio, verùm non moueri motu illo quo mouentur animalia. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ita eſt, & Ariſtoteles ſolùm animatorum proprium non moueri ab alio teſtatus eſt, nil aliud pro<lb></lb>fectò concluditur, quàm quae elementa mouentur ab alio, nec quicquam amplius. </s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæſo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2109"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>colligitur alia differentia? </s> <s>promat ipſe, aut eius defenſor aliquid huiuſmodi quo rem hanc indi<lb></lb>catam, vel per <expan abbr="tranſennã">tranſennam</expan> fuiſſe perſuadeat. </s> <s>Nil certè ſuppetet, quod in medio ponat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Multoq́">Multoque</expan>. </s> <s>mi<lb></lb>nus probabile eſt, quae accipiamus elementa ab externo ſolùm initio ſui motus agitari. </s> <s>Nam præter<lb></lb>ea quæ generatim contrà dicta ſunt, & falſum eſt in iis quæ gignuntur, quemadmodum ſuo loco <lb></lb>ſignificauimus, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in ſuo loco, ſimul àc genita fuerint, & in iis quæ genita ſunt, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> adeſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> peruenerint in ſuum locum, niſi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> aliud; at certè <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> per quod <lb></lb>fertur. </s> <s>Quapropter id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> adſit oportet, quod obicem pellat. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> confirmari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ex <lb></lb>iis quæ 6. Phyſ. peracta fuerunt; didicimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quemadmodum motus non recipiat diſtinctionem <lb></lb>primæ, aut ſecundę partis. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in ſucceſsione poſitus eſt: tale verò <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> rerum eſt ingenium, vt <lb></lb>habeant quidem <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> eſſe, primùm verò eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habeant: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> infinitè ſecari poſsint. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo id quod mouet, licet energian vniuerſam <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> temporis puncto poſsideat eius actus; <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>merito ſubiecti mouet in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, & per aliquod ſpatium. </s> <s>Idcirco, quemadmodum in indiuiduo <lb></lb>mouere non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nec datur primus illius actus, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> moueat in proceſſu, neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Verùm ſint hæc <lb></lb>potius accepta mathematicè <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> phyſicè 6. Phyſ. conſulamus <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> ipſummet Ariſtotelem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2110"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2111"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponit aliquando Ariſtoteles ad <expan abbr="diſquirendũ">diſquirendum</expan>, an ſit aliquis motus qui fiat ab alio, dum incipit, in <lb></lb>progreſſu verò à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Reſpondet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id conuenire ſolùm auctioni, & alterationi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> his non <lb></lb>ſimpliciter; ſed, vt fiunt in viuente. </s> <s>Nam prima viuentis auctio fit à vi formatrice quæ ineſt in <lb></lb>ſemine: in progreſſu verò viuens auget <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan>, <expan abbr="conuertẽdo">conuertendo</expan> <expan abbr="alimẽtum">alimentum</expan> in ſui <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſic in prin<lb></lb>cipio coquitur, & alteratur materies ex qua fit cor; poſteà cor excalfacit reliqua membra, ſic affi<lb></lb>ciuntur ab obiecto ſenſoria, ſed poſtquàm ſpecies impreſſa eſt memoriæ, <expan abbr="eędẽ">eędem</expan> rurſus ſenſoria per<lb></lb>turbant. </s> <s>generatio nunquàm ab interno fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, credo etiam <expan abbr="corruptionẽ">corruptionem</expan> ſimpliciter, & per ſe, <lb></lb>quia primùm nil <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> gignere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> gignit, actu ſit oportet, quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> gignitur poteſtate: <lb></lb>idem ergo ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> actu foret & poteſtate: nil etiam ſe corrumpit: cupit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> per ſe; <lb></lb>niſi fortè per accidens quod vnius ignis, ſeu caloris eſt priuilegium: nam ſibi conſumens alimen<lb></lb>tum, quo ſeipſum tutatur, ſibi parat necem. </s> <s>ſubiicit ipſe poſtmodò, inanima moueri ab alio, quae ſi <lb></lb>ſolę auctiones & alterationes initiò fiunt ab alio, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> explicatur, vt ex eo loco perſpicuum eſt; <lb></lb>ortus & interitus ab alio <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan>, ſi de inanimis <expan abbr="ibidẽ">ibidem</expan> ab alio moueri pronunciatur, vbi quęſtio pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2112"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponitur: quam'nam huic rei lucem <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> afferri cupimus, vt perſpiciatur, elementa non ita mo<lb></lb>ueri ab alio, quoniam moueantur ab initio ſui motus? </s> <s>Sed ſpecta, obſecro, ineptiam <expan abbr="admirabilẽ">admirabilem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod ab initio ſumitur ab alio moueri, aut continet partem eius temporis, quo gigni ſimul, <lb></lb>& moueri cœpit, aut partem rei, nimirùm quòd antequàm peruenerit in ſuum locum, prius qui<lb></lb>dem, genitum ſit, ex impedimento verò non potuerit eſſe in ſuo loco: quapropter ceſſante vi <lb></lb>gignentis ex ſeipſo feratur in ſuum locum. </s> <s>Si primum dederint; cùm ſemper alio moueatur, <lb></lb>dum gignitur, & per ſe contingit, vt vnà ſit genitum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>in loco proprio conſiſtat, & perpe<lb></lb>tuò gignatur, quouſque in locum naturalem deductum fuerit; profectò non erit aliquod prin<lb></lb>cipium quo moueatur ab alio, & reliquum quo moueatur à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Ergo vt ita moueatur, quem<lb></lb>admodum ipſi volunt, neceſſe eſt, elementum extra ſuum locum genitum fuerit, quod non neceſ<lb></lb>ſe eſt, & repugnat hypotheſi Ariſtotelis qui opinatur idem eſſe genitum eſſe & eſſe in ſuo loco, <lb></lb>necnon vbi genitum moueri debeat, requiri quod tollat impediens. </s> <s>Ita cùm motus hic elemento <lb></lb>per accidens conueniat, ſequetur planè, naturam eſſe principium motus cuiuſdam per accidens; <lb></lb>ille qui ex natura per ſe erit, erit totus ab externo.</s></p> <pb pagenum="326"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2105"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2106"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2107"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2108"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2109"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2110"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2111"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2112"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd inanima non diuidantur in partem per ſe mouentem, & partem per ſe mobilem. </s> <s>C. XLVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2113"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2113"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED conuertamus modò nos ad poſtremam rationem Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Ita verò ipſe concludebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Continua, vt continua, non mouentur à ſeipſis. </s> <s>Elementa continua ſunt, non ergo mouentur <lb></lb>à ſeipſis. </s> <s>Argumenti propoſitio ſic approbatur. </s> <s>Quæ mouentur à ſeipſis, diuiduntur in partem <lb></lb>per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, & partem per ſe mobilem. </s> <s>Continua, vt continua, in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe mouentem & <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe mobilem non diuiduntur: à ſeipſis ergo non mouentur. </s> <s>Proſyllogiſmi item pro<lb></lb>poſitio concluditur hoc modo. </s> <s>Vnum, quatenus vnum, eſt impatibile. </s> <s>Continua verò <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo continua, quæ non diuiduntur in tale <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> genus, impatibilia ſunt. </s> <s>Itaque ſeipſa non mo<lb></lb>uent, aut à ſeipſa non mouentur. </s> <s>Ad hoc nonnulli reſpondent, elementum, cùm in materiam <expan abbr="for-mamq́">for<lb></lb>mamque</expan>. </s> <s>partiatur, diuidi item in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe mouentem, & partem per ſe mobilem. </s> <s>Quoniam <lb></lb>verò partes iſtæ non ſunt actu diſiunctę, velut in animali, verùm poteſtate duntaxat; ex hoc effi<lb></lb>ci, vt, tametſi concitantur à ſeipſis, perfectè tamen cieri non poſsint. </s> <s>Videndum eſt igitur an ea <lb></lb>diuiſio partium quæ eſt poteſtate, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu, poſsit efficere, aut excipere motum. </s> <s>Ac mihi res <lb></lb>non planè videtur ita ſe habere. </s> <s>Nam præterquàm quòd hæc ſententia repugnat cuidam Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelicę propoſitioni, habet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> contra ſe multa quę Peripateticè profiteri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> licet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quandoquidẽ">Quandoquidem</expan>, <lb></lb>ſi ita eſt, vt ad exercendum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> principia, patiens ſimul & agens, ſint poteſtate diuiſa, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> actu; peccaſſet ergo Philoſophus qui notaſſet, quemadmodum <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõgenitũ">congenitum</expan> (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2114"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verto <foreign lang="grc">τὸ συμφυὲς & τὸ συγγενὲς</foreign> non compoſitum, vt vulgò circunfertur: continua verò ſunt, <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ita, vt eorum extrema ſint vnum; ſicuti calamus vnus; congenitum verò, quod eſt in <lb></lb>alio, vt ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> fiat <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, velut è ramo & germine) <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> ſit, vnde <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> abiicere oporteat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim quæ non ſunt contactu <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> inter ſe non afficiunt, nam quę <expan abbr="cõtactu">contactu</expan> ſunt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ſunt obno<lb></lb>xia perpeſsioni. </s> <s>quinimmo <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actio <expan abbr="perpeſsioq́">perpeſsioque</expan>. </s> <s>per contactum fiunt, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> id quod agit, aut <lb></lb>patitur, ita ſeſe viciſsim intuentur, veluti ſeparata. </s> <s>Ne te verò deterreant ea quæ de <foreign lang="grc">συμφύσεως</foreign><lb></lb>Ariſtoteles cum 5. Phyſ. tum item 11. primę philoſ. </s> <s>ſcriptum reliquit, in quib .ſ. </s> <s>non eſſet <expan abbr="cõtactus">contactus</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſymphyſin eſſe poſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id <expan abbr="cõceditur">conceditur</expan> tactum ſymphyſi ſupponi, ſed tactus duplex & <lb></lb>corporeus & per virtutem, vt apparet ex his quę ab initio 7. Phyſ. <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>aut actu, aut quae ante ex<lb></lb>titerit. </s> <s>Nunc ſi debet coniungi forma cum materia, requiritur agens, quod vel per corpus, vel per <lb></lb><expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> tangat id quod patitur, & patiendo <expan abbr="aſſumpturũ">aſſumpturum</expan> eſt formam. </s> <s>Hęc eadem profeſſus quon<lb></lb>dam fuerat Ariſtoteles, quippe qui actionem & <expan abbr="perpeſsionẽ">perpeſsionem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">θίξει</foreign> .i. </s> <s>contactu generatim admini<lb></lb>ſtrari deteſtetur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò illa quæ loco citato adſcribuntur, aliqua attingunt de principio <lb></lb>motus, vnde ſuſpicari poſsis tribui vim mouendi formæ aduerſus ea quę nob. </s> <s>decernenda ſunt: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2115"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> meminit ibi de latione philoſophus; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> illatio <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vniuerſalis admonet ipſam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2116"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>comprehendere voluiſſe; verba eius proponere libuit, ne tibi poſthàc imponant. <foreign lang="grc">εἷδος δὲ ἀεὶ ὄισὲ <lb></lb>δε τι τὲ κινοῦν ἤτοι τόδε, ἤ τοιόνδε, ὁ ἔσται ἀρχὴ καὶ αἴτιον τῆς κινήσεως ὁταν κινῇ ὁ̂ιον ὁ ἐ ἐντε<lb></lb>λεχείᾳ ἄνος ποιεῖ ἐκ τοῦ δυνάμει οὔτος ἀνου ἄνον</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>Formam verò ſemper afferet aliquam mouens, <lb></lb>aut hanc, aut <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan>, aut tantam quæ erit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> & cauſſa motus, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> moueatur, vt actu homo <lb></lb>facit ex eo qui eſt poteſtate homo, hominem. </s> <s>Vides in contextu varietatem lectionis. </s> <s>Sed ſi de<lb></lb>mus ita legi [moueatur] nulla difficultas inerit in explicatione contextus; quandò aget Ariſto<lb></lb>teles de forma noua, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> verò ſic dicimus eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus, vt in illius definitione docuimus, quae <lb></lb>ſit ita principium, quia res per eam moueatur, & ita interpretabimur, vt ſuprà; nimirùm, quia ſit <lb></lb>fons & origo motus, quoad affert energian propterquam eſt in hac, aut illa parte loci. </s> <s>Verùm nos <lb></lb>illud fortè conturbabit, ſi legamus <expan abbr="agẽdi">agendi</expan> figura [moueat] exiſtimabitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma mouere, quod <lb></lb>nos inficiamur. </s> <s>Poſſum hîc elabi, ſi dixero verba illa <foreign lang="grc">ὂ έσται ἀρχὴ</foreign>, referri ad mouens, quod erit <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> & cauſſa motus; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> mouet, tum ad eorum <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> quę ſunt patibiles cauſſæ mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2117"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus, è quibus eſt ſine <expan abbr="cõtrouerſia">controuerſia</expan> materia; dubitatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſit'ne forma, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vt notetur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pro<lb></lb>pria, qua <expan abbr="cõſtituitur">conſtituitur</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>: & <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> moueri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & cùm conueniat in materia, <expan abbr="ſimulq́">ſimulque</expan>. </s> <s>mobile <lb></lb>attingat, & <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter ſe <expan abbr="tangũt">tangunt</expan>, viciſsim afficiant, & <expan abbr="afficiãtur">afficiantur</expan>; vnà <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> mouebitur & mouebit, ſed ea <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> erit <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, quà mouebit, moueri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illi erit <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>; ex quo intelligatur id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſariò fla<lb></lb>gitare <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, vt, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> agit, vnà patiatur, ſed ex actione ſola exiſtere, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> fieri <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſsit, vt <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> ni<lb></lb>hil <expan abbr="oĩo">omnino</expan> repatiatur, ſed cùm <expan abbr="tãgat">tangat</expan>, & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſibi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="patiẽte">patiente</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunẽ">communem</expan> fuerit <expan abbr="aſſecutũ">aſſecutum</expan>; euenire, vt affi<lb></lb>ciatur afficiens. </s> <s>nec modus dicendi repugnabit, cùm apud Græcos forma & efficiens neutraliter <lb></lb>efferantur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> reſpondebit articulus <foreign lang="grc">ὅ</foreign>, neque exemplum ſubiectum ab hac explicatio<lb></lb>ne abhorrebit: agit enim quatenus eſt actu homo; patitur autem, vt aliud quiddam poteſtate. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed faciamus Ariſtotelem verba facere de forma; dico vel eam ſpectari, vt finem, cui rectè con<lb></lb>uenit, ſi doctorum meminimus; principij nomen & cauſſæ: etenim prima eſt omnium, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2118"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principium & auctor, cur efficiens moueat; ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> operatur efficiens, vt è poteſtate hominem fa<lb></lb>ciat hominem actu; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>modo vim mouendi tribuunt formæ Ariſtoteles, & Alexander, quòd <lb></lb>in ordinem materiam adducat, vel etiam perſeuerare Philoſophum in efficiente conſtituendo, & <pb pagenum="327"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2119"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>docere, vnde primùm exiſtat efficiens; inde verò exiſtit, quae in illo ineſt actus, & ratio rei faciendę, <lb></lb>vt ratio ſubſtantiæ, ſi ſubſtantia producenda ſit, & qualitatis ratio, ſi qualitas, quam facit per for<lb></lb>mam, nec ſine illa quicquam præſtare poteſt. </s> <s>Quare illud erit efficiens, quod in ſeipſo talem ha<lb></lb>bet formam, ſiue actum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> actu homo è poteſtate hominem faciet, atque ita forma pars erit <lb></lb>efficientis. </s> <s>Sine igitur hoc, ſiue illo modo non erit natura de qua nunc agimus, ſed efficiens, vel <lb></lb>finis. </s> <s>Hoc animaduerſo, quod nos interpellare quoquomodo poterat, & vt verbo Ariſtotelis <lb></lb>vtar <foreign lang="grc">ἐνοκλεῖν</foreign>; ad rem redeo. </s> <s>Omnis igitur actio fit per contactum. </s> <s>Proinde ſeparata ſint opor<lb></lb>tet agens & patiens, nec inſita, vel etiam continua; niſi admodum impropriè, & abuſiuè. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>poteſtate ſolum eſſe ſumenda, ſed actu, teſtatur ea vox <foreign lang="grc">κεχώρισται</foreign>, quæ ſignificat actum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>facultatem. </s> <s>Quamobrem Ariſtotelicum effatum ſumit, & <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan> actu iam <expan abbr="effectã">effectam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adde & exemplum ex ipſomet Ariſtotele <expan abbr="exceptũ">exceptum</expan>, quo nob. </s> <s>ponitur ante oculos eiuſmodi parti<lb></lb>tionem eſſe <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> actu. </s> <s>Idcircò reuertendum illò foret, vt diuiſio <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> poteſtate adminiſtrata face<lb></lb>ret <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> motum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> abſolueret. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam opus eſſet altero principio, quod abſol<lb></lb>uendi vim haberet, eſſet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> extra rem quæ mouetur. </s> <s>Hoc autem <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> rectè pronunciatum ſit, mox <lb></lb>intelligemus. </s> <s>Etenim à forma primùm eſt actio, vt illi volunt, cùm ipſa ſit entelechia, cuius <expan abbr="offi-ciũ">offi<lb></lb>cium</expan> propter ingenitam <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> eſt vires ſuas in aliud explicare. </s> <s>At ſi ita mouetur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, <lb></lb>à forma <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> moueatur, ſed imperfectè; perfectè verò ab externo: magis ergo mouebit exter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2120"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>num. </s> <s>Iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuprà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt id quod primò mouit, hoc eſt, quod ſine cęteris mouere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cętera <lb></lb>verò non ſine illo, <expan abbr="præſtantiorẽ">præſtantiorem</expan> eſſe cauſſam; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>elementum magis ab externo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à forma con<lb></lb>citabitur. </s> <s>Neque potes eò te recipere, vt dicas immobilem eſſe formam; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non intercedere ta<lb></lb>lem <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> externi & interni, qualis eſt inter mouens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, & mouens quod ab alio mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi talis ordo perſpicitur inter <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> formas & externa, tanto magis inter mouens <expan abbr="exter-nũ">exter<lb></lb>num</expan>, atque <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan> formas intercedet; <expan abbr="quãtò">quantò</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>horum forma minus eſt ſeparata <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> anima quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="viuẽtium">viuentium</expan> forma eſt, & minus apta mouere: animantium verò principium ab externis immutari <lb></lb>docuit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ibi pracipuè, vbi concluſit animalia caduca non eſſe propriè pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2121"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mò & per ſe mobilia: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> pars quæ mouet illa, non eſt prorſus immobilis: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>forma prin<lb></lb>cipium item patibile quodammodo erit illius, in quo ineſt. </s> <s>Fortè dices, principium, quod mouet <lb></lb>in animali in illo ordine <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan>, quia ſeparatum ſit, & mouens <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan>: id quod inanimorum <lb></lb>formæ non habent, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> magis immerſę. </s> <s>At non'ne vides hæc euertere iudicium Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis? </s> <s>Si <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> minus ſeparatæ ſunt, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> minus vim efficiendi motus habebunt. </s> <s>ſiquidem ex <lb></lb>eo concludat Ariſtoteles in his non eſſe principium <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, quia ſeparari nequeant <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> partes. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2122"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Atque, vt <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>, ſi fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ex animis noſtris ille ſcrupulus extirpetur, & imminuatur hæc opinio <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> latius ſerpit: nec quicquam minus ſuſpicemur, quàm inanimi formam in eo in quo ineſt, <lb></lb>eſſe principium, quod efficiat motum: aduertamus Ariſtotelem illud ipſum effatum & declarare <lb></lb>& confirmare <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratione <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> ea quæ mouent & mouentur, actu diſiuncta eſſe oportere. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2123"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>docet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eum primis, quid ſit agendi facultas, tum etiam patiendi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpetuò diffinit vtranque <lb></lb>per habitudinem ad aliud. <foreign lang="grc">ἄλλα</foreign> verò id intelligitur, quod eſt ſubſtantię diuerſę, quemadmodum <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> liquet iis qui vel primis, vt dicitur labris deguſtauere Porphyrium, & Ariſtotelicam phraſim <lb></lb>longo progreſſu 1. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> obſeruarunt, <expan abbr="planumq.">planumque</expan> eſt ob ea quæ hîc adſcribentur, aliud hoc loco <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2124"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſignificare id quod eſt ſubiecti diuerſi. </s> <s>Deinde monſtrat Ariſtoteles agendi facultatem neceſſariò <lb></lb>diuiſam eſſe à facultate patiendi; ex his autem concludit. </s> <s>Nullum congenitum, quatenus huiuſ<lb></lb>modi, à ſeipſo pati poſſe. </s> <s>Pronunciatur ea concluſio, vt vides vniuersè: ducitur à diſtinctione <lb></lb>poteſtatem: infertur abſolutè. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non modò ratione differentia debent capi agens & <expan abbr="patiẽs">patiens</expan>, <lb></lb>verùm item ſubiecto. </s> <s>Nam dicas tu, ſatis eſſe, ſi agens & patiens ſint ſolùm ratione diſcrepantia, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2125"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quemadmodum ſunt materies & forma: dicas <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> hæc ſe mouere non poſſe, niſi aliquid extrin<lb></lb>ſecùs accedat: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſolùm ſe mouere <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, quia contineat <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> genus, <lb></lb>iam ſequetur, <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> <expan abbr="congenitũ">congenitum</expan>, prout <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, à ſeipſo poſſe pati. </s> <s>Quia materies & forma ſunt con<lb></lb>genita. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt vnum colla, vel glutine, vel continuatione, igitur <foreign lang="grc">ξυμφύα</foreign> vnum. </s> <s>Forma <lb></lb>& materia ſe <expan abbr="mouẽt">mouent</expan>, vbi <expan abbr="cõgenita">congenita</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>. </s> <s>Aliquod ergo <expan abbr="congenitũ">congenitum</expan> patitur à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Sunt verò conge<lb></lb>nita materies & forma in eo quod eſt ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> <expan abbr="conflatũ">conflatum</expan>. </s> <s>innaſcitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma in materia, & ſimul <lb></lb>poteſtas materiæ terminatur, & forma exiſtit. </s> <s>& ſi in cęteris <expan abbr="cõgenitis">congenitis</expan>, quorum partes per ſeipſas <lb></lb><expan abbr="quãtę">quantę</expan> ſunt, vt <expan abbr="trũcus">truncus</expan>, & ramus, vna <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> mouere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: multò minus forma debet <expan abbr="cõcitare">concitare</expan> <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>; ſiquidem multò minus <expan abbr="ſeiũgitur">ſeiungitur</expan> forma à materia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pars quanti ab altera parte: poſſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>hę partes ſeorſum <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> & <expan abbr="occupãt">occupant</expan> loca diuerſa: forma <expan abbr="ſeipsã">ſeipsam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tuetur extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & <expan abbr="eũdẽ">eundem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="penit9">penitus</expan> occupat. </s> <s>Rurſus oppugnaret <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> dicti <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan>. </s> <s>Quia probaturus Ariſtote<lb></lb>les <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <expan abbr="cõgenitũ">congenitum</expan> <expan abbr="quaten9">quatenus</expan> <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, in duo principia ſecari, videlicet <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> & <expan abbr="patiẽs">patiens</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="argumẽtatus">argumentatus</expan> <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam vnum, quatenus vnum in agens & patiens non ſecatur. </s> <s>Congenitum, prout tale, eſt <lb></lb>vnum. </s> <s>non ergo diuiditur in agens & patiens, quod ipſi defendere cupiunt. </s> <s>Cui ſanè rationi ſic <lb></lb>aſſentiendum puto, vt nihil <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan> irrefragabilius eſſe arbitres, quantunuis alij reclament, immo <pb pagenum="328"></pb>rumpantur, per me licet. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſariò concludatur, aut principes canones Analyticos euertat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2126"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oportet: oritur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non modò ex eiuſmodi propoſitionib. quæ verę ſint, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe. </s> <s>quin potius <lb></lb>quatenus ipſum. </s> <s>Vnde nos <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="cõſimiliter">conſimiliter</expan> <expan abbr="argumẽtari">argumentari</expan> poſſemus: <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> ex materia & forma <lb></lb><expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan> vnum eſt immo per ſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, & multo magis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quàm animal. </s> <s>Non igitur diuidi poteſt <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan> & in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan>. </s> <s>Non eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quae intelligi vereamur, <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <expan abbr="conge-nitũ">conge<lb></lb>nitum</expan>, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, à ſeipſo pati, quia primò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> patiatur, ſed per parteis, id quod à nonnullis dari <lb></lb>cognoſceo, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueatur abſolutè, ſed, quin imperfectè ſe moueat, nihil obſtare: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim tolerat hoc allata ratio. </s> <s>Nimirum, quae à ſeipſo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> patiatur, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> poteſtate <lb></lb>ſimul, actuoſa .ſ. </s> <s>& patibili: hoc verò id oppugnat, quod eſt moueri per parteis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> imperfectè. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt ab Ariſtotele animal quod perſpicuè ſecatur in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, & <expan abbr="par-tẽ">par<lb></lb>tem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan>, non eſſe verè <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> continuum, ſeu <expan abbr="congenitũ">congenitum</expan>, ſed vnum per <expan abbr="coniũctionem">coniunctionem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attinere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hoc theorema ad motus <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motum, qui fit ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, perſuadet <lb></lb><expan abbr="conſiliũ">conſilium</expan> Ariſtotelis in eo capite in quo de <expan abbr="agẽdi">agendi</expan> <expan abbr="patiendiq́">patiendique</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtate generatim diſſerit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> deinde <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2127"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vniuerſalis eius ſermonis concluſio. </s> <s>Prætereà quae in ipſis primis conſequentis loci verbis admonet <lb></lb>ea quæ dicta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, cum animata, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> inanima <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan>, pręterquam quae Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> parem ineſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2128"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="proceſsũ">proceſsum</expan> demonſtrat, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> attinet ad initia <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, in mutatione ſecundùm <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> qua<lb></lb>le, & vbi quae ſi per ſe non <expan abbr="augẽtur">augentur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="alterãtur">alterantur</expan> inanima, <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> quae neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in loco per ſe mouen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2129"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus quo latio, cùm ſit perfectior cęteris motib. eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> principia magis actu requi<lb></lb>rit, hoc eſt magis ſeparata, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliqui motus. </s> <s>Accedit eodem quae <expan abbr="sũmus">summus</expan> præceptor <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> motri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2130"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cẽ">cem</expan> à natura diſiungit, <expan abbr="aliamq́">aliamque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe demonſtrat: affero <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad hoc textum formalem, qui ſic habet. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἐπεὶ δὲ φύσις ἐστὶν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἡ ἐν ἀυτῷ ὑπάρχουσα κινήσεως ἀρχή δύναμις δὲ ἡ ἐν ἄλλῳ ἧ ἄλλο</foreign>. </s> <s>& reliqua, <lb></lb>quæ ſequuntur <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> propoſiti. </s> <s>quæ ſic exprimuntur. </s> <s>“Quoniam <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> natura quidem eſt quod in <lb></lb>ipſo eſt motus <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, potentia verò quod in alio eſt, quatenus aliud.” ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> planè intelligere <lb></lb>potes <expan abbr="motricẽ">motricem</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> à natura differre. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt, quae mox indicat Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> princi<lb></lb>pia, ſi conuenerint, velociores motus efficere. </s> <s>non ſanè, quia forma efficiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, ſed quae afferat mo<lb></lb>bili <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan>, contrà <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in iis quæ violentia <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, vbi repugnat. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò nequid <lb></lb><expan abbr="intactũ">intactum</expan> relinquatur, quod valeat ad peruerſam <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan> <expan abbr="conuellendã">conuellendam</expan>; <expan abbr="attẽdamus">attendamus</expan> <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <lb></lb>ipſum ita loquentem & ſibi perpetuò <expan abbr="cõſtantem">conſtantem</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “<foreign lang="grc">Κατάγε δὴ τὸν λογὸν οὑτω φαίνεται καὶ ἀπὸ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2131"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>τῶν ἒργων. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καθόλουτε ἐπισκοποῦσιν, οὐ φαίνεται γιγνόμενον ἓν ἐκ τοῦ παθητηκοῦ καὶ ποιοῆντος, ὡς <lb></lb>ἐνυπάζχοντος ἐν τῷ γιγνομένῳ τοῦ ποιουν̂τος, οὑδόλως δὴ ἐκ κινουμένου καὶ κινουν̂τος</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>Atque <expan abbr="ſe-cũdùm">ſe<lb></lb>cundùm</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſic in effectis (<expan abbr="fabrorũ">fabrorum</expan> operib.) <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> apparet: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> cum in vniuerſum <expan abbr="cõplectimur">complectimur</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2132"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animo, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ita effici <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex agente <expan abbr="patienteq́">patienteque</expan>. </s> <s>videtur, vt, quod agit, in eo, quod efficitur,” inſit: nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ex eo, quod mouet, & quod mouetur, <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> conſtitui. </s> <s>Quid plura deſideras? </s> <s>Quid planius <lb></lb>dici potuit? </s> <s>quid certius? </s> <s>quid in re maximi <expan abbr="momẽti">momenti</expan> confidentius? </s> <s>ſuper hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="fundamẽto">fundamento</expan> ſtru<lb></lb>xit ille philoſophus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> poſitionem, quę pertinet ad <expan abbr="cõſtituendas">conſtituendas</expan> <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> inter maris <expan abbr="fœminæq́">fœminæque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſemen, & <expan abbr="ſignificandũ">ſignificandum</expan> in neutro vim agendi <expan abbr="patiendiq́">patiendique</expan>. </s> <s>ſimul ineſſe poſſe, ſed maris ſemen habe<lb></lb>re vim efficiendi ſolum, <expan abbr="fœminã">fœminam</expan> verò duntaxat præbere <expan abbr="menſtruũ">menſtruum</expan> in quo vis ineſſet ſolummodò <lb></lb>patiendi. </s> <s>Dicemus'ne Ariſtotelem ab eo pronunciato <expan abbr="lationẽ">lationem</expan> excludere? </s> <s>an <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> Ixiones aſsiduè <lb></lb>rotabimus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſaxum, quae nihil imperfectè ſeipſum afficit, imperfectè verò nil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> prohibet? </s> <s>Cur <lb></lb>enim <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> præcidetur <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> anſa philoſopho <expan abbr="cõficiendi">conficiendi</expan> propoſitum ſuum? </s> <s>Nam ſi perfectè aliquid <lb></lb>ſeipſum mouere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, iam ſemen <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, nil impediet, quominus obtineat <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> facultatem, quae ſi <lb></lb>imperfectè: dicere ſemper mihi licebit. </s> <s>At profectò deciperis ò Ariſtoteles, & nos ſimul eludis; <lb></lb>poſſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan>, partes inter ſe quidem agere, ſed imperfectè: idcirco ſi quod auxilium acce<lb></lb>dat extrinſecùs; nil vetabit, quominus in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> cum mare, tum fœmina ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> vis. </s> <s>accedit verò <lb></lb>extrinſecùs <expan abbr="auxiliũ">auxilium</expan>, nempe id quod prębetur à fœmina: calor <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cęleſtis, vel ipſo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> auctore, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2133"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cuius ope <expan abbr="fœcũda">fœcunda</expan> ſemina <expan abbr="reddũtur">redduntur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <expan abbr="põr">porr</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="continẽs">continens</expan>, vt & artificio nos & ipſæ <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> beſtiæ <lb></lb>ſola illius vi fretę ſuos partus ipſi <expan abbr="cõmittant">committant</expan>, <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> anſeres, quę oua <expan abbr="cõdunt">condunt</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="excluſio-nẽ">excluſio<lb></lb>nem</expan> pulli in arena. </s> <s>Non deeſt igitur extrinſecùs auxilium quod in cauſſa ſit, vt idem propter <expan abbr="va-rietatẽ">va<lb></lb>rietatem</expan> partium ſimul efficiat, & patiatur. </s> <s>Nam cum <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> adſint quæ <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> parti ſeminis ſuppe<lb></lb>tias ferant, ex <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> ſententia fit, vt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> vis ineſſe queat in ſemine. </s> <s>Sic prorſus imbecillis & va<lb></lb>na <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> philoſophi reddetur, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis eueniet id in ſemine, quandò, & ſi in ſubiecto materiæ <lb></lb>conuenit cum agente; tamen natura diſtinguuntur, cùm vis efficientis inſit in ſpiritu, patiens au<lb></lb>tem in humore poni valeat. </s> <s>Quòd ſi plantę ſemen obiicias, in quo vis <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> continetur. </s> <s>ita fieri, <lb></lb>vt idem ſimul agat & patiatur. </s> <s>Tum item quia ſpecies ſenſilium, vt lumen in pellucido, ſonus <lb></lb>in ſonoro, quin etiam in ſpiritibus & ſanguine vim habet afficiendi, & immutandi ſubiectum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nanque lumen rarefacit aërem, frigus denſat, ita pellucidum actu, quod ex poteſtate pellucido <lb></lb>conſtat, & lumine, ſeipſum immutabit. </s> <s>At noſce, tametſi vnum quodam pacto <expan abbr="vidẽtur">videntur</expan> ſeminis <lb></lb>illius partes, eas tamen reapſe duas, <expan abbr="locoq́">locoque</expan>. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> mole ſeminis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> maſſa diſtincta; ac ſi fuerit <lb></lb>organum <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, & difformè è pluribus vniformibus conſtitutum: id quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> brutis ipſis co <pb pagenum="329"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2134"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="gnitũ">gnitum</expan> eſt, atque formicis, quæ, ne pullulet ſemen, certam grani partem deuorant, in qua poſitum <lb></lb>eſt vitæ principium. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> pro perfectione plantarum magis minuſúe diſtinctum eſſe <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam memini me legiſſe de palma & piſtacio in quibus mas & fœmina, loco & numero ſegre<lb></lb>gantur: in quibuſdam ſic minutum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõfuſum">confuſum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> fugiat ſenſum. </s> <s>Sed parem pro<lb></lb>ceſſum in re conſimili à natura expectare oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non eadem pars eſt ad numerum quę <lb></lb>mouet, & quæ mouetur. </s> <s>Ita vniuersè verum eſt illud pronunciatum quod in præſentia tracta<lb></lb>mus, & ſic à repugnantia philoſophi dicta defenduntur. </s> <s>Scire etiam conuenit non eſſe parem <lb></lb>proceſſum formarum ſenſilium, & earum quæ conſtituunt eſſentiam. </s> <s>Sunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſilium ſpecies <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐπικτέτως</foreign> & acceſſoriè in ſubiecto, necnon à forma quadam primitiua pendent, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex ipſis & ſubiecto fit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> materialiter, vtita dicam. </s> <s>At forma hæc, qua de <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>agimus; abſoluta eſt, & per ſe, & intrinſecùs hæret in ſubiecto, vt ex ipſis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> per ſe fiat & <foreign lang="grc">ὑλι<lb></lb>κῶς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>materialiter. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vis agendi noſtræ huic formæ iure optimo denegatur, quæ ſenſilium for<lb></lb>mis rectè conceditur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat, quae animus ſit animalis forma, ab eo <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> animal agitetur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> anima forma totius eſt per ſe, non <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>, ſicut in animo carentibus ipſa natura: quapro<lb></lb>pter <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> rationem ſubit, efficientis .ſ. </s> <s>& formæ. </s> <s>ita vt quatenus forma, non moueat quidem, <lb></lb>ſed ſit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſa <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, veluti natura, per quod animal moueatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> mouetur animal per ſe <lb></lb>totum primò, ſed vna pars cietur prius, ex illa <expan abbr="poſtmodũ">poſtmodum</expan> cęteræ <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, & ſingulas vbi mouen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2135"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur. (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & in animali <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> motus à totius motu ſegregatus) ita diſponi oportet, vt interce<lb></lb>dat <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> duarum partium <expan abbr="organicarũ">organicarum</expan>, vt altera quaſi <expan abbr="cõprimat">comprimat</expan>, altera verò <expan abbr="cõprimatur">comprimatur</expan>, quod <lb></lb>enim ſtat, <expan abbr="cõprimitur">comprimitur</expan>, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> fert, quod verò attollitur, <expan abbr="extẽditur">extenditur</expan> ad id quod ſuſtinet <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan>, ſi minus <lb></lb>ſeipſum mouere non poſſet. </s> <s>Hæc eſt expreſſa ſententia Philoſophi, quam ſi quis <expan abbr="obſeruẽt">obſeruent</expan>, <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> <lb></lb>hîc non clamet? </s> <s>nec inſaniat <expan abbr="audiẽdo">audiendo</expan> Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Ipſe his expoſitis hęc addit vniuersè. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quare <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2136"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nullum carens <expan abbr="mẽbris">membris</expan> hoc moueri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> modo .i. </s> <s>intrinſecùs: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habet cum agentium, tum pa<lb></lb>tientium <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> in ſe diſtinctionem, & tamen <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> partium motus eſt imperfectus; quippe quae eas <lb></lb>à <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> primo mouente concitari oportet. </s> <s>Quamobrem perſpicis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quanuis ſe mouentia ſint <lb></lb>imperfecta; qualia fingunt iſti elementa; nihilominus in parteis non ſola ratione, ſed etiam re di<lb></lb>ſtinctas eſſe patienda. </s> <s>Hæc ex ipſomet Ariſtotele collecta & exprompta, vides profectò quan<lb></lb>tum concinant, vt de illorum veritate dubitandum non ſit. </s> <s>Sed alia nunc exploremus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2114"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2115"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2116"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 16. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2117"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2118"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>ad extre<lb></lb>mum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2119"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2120"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2121"></margin.target>a 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 51.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2122"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2123"></margin.target>b 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2124"></margin.target>c T. 58.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2125"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2126"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2127"></margin.target>a 9. Met. <lb></lb>T 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2128"></margin.target>b 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2129"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2130"></margin.target>c 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2131"></margin.target>d 1. de or<lb></lb>tu an. c. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2132"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2133"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2134"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2135"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2136"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>inceſ.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>A natura materię, <expan abbr="formęq́">formęque</expan>. </s> <s>demonſtratur inanimum in parteis per ſe mouentem, ac mobilem <lb></lb>non ſecari. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2137"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2137"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>INGREDIAMVR & <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> viam, & ingenium cum formæ, tum item materiæ nunc explo<lb></lb>remus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> vi de re propoſita <expan abbr="iudicũ">iudicum</expan> in præſentia faciamus. </s> <s>Eſto. </s> <s>agat forma in mate<lb></lb>riam. </s> <s>quæ'nam hæc forma? </s> <s>quę <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> materia? </s> <s>prima certè materia non eſt: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nil eſt actu, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> poteſtate duntaxat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> agit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mouetur. </s> <s>Secunda igitur. </s> <s>hæc item aut eiuſmodi, vt <lb></lb>aliqua <expan abbr="trãſmutatione">tranſmutatione</expan> opus habeat ad id, vt <expan abbr="expetitã">expetitam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> conſequatur, aut <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſt cum forma <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="vltimã">vltimam</expan> appellamus. </s> <s>Rurſus forma aut à materia ſègregata, aut in materia, <expan abbr="eadẽq́">eadenque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>aut communior & remotior, aut proxima, & per <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt res ipſa quæ mouetur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quapiam <lb></lb>tranſmutatione materiæ fuerit <expan abbr="op9">opus</expan>}, iis munerib. <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inſeruiet, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> cauſſas <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> veſtigamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> hæc propria totius quod eſt per <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> at certa forma & eſt in certa materia, & <lb></lb>per ſe vtitur certa, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vtitur <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan>: niſi quatenus in vltima, hoc eſt, proxima forma ſuperiores, <lb></lb>formæ <expan abbr="cõtinentur">continentur</expan>, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> propria ſua <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> officia <expan abbr="deſcẽdunt">deſcendunt</expan>. </s> <s>Verbig. </s> <s>in equo præter <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan>, qua equus eſt, vt ab aliis omnib. ſit ſecretus; eſt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> animus, qui ſibi cum cęteris brutis eſt com<lb></lb>munis, & vis alendi quæ <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> plantam: ab equi forma naſcuntur equi functiones, qua<arrow.to.target n="marg2138"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tenus eſt equus, ſed in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> aliæ functiones ſibi cum reliquis animantib. <expan abbr="plantiſq́">plantiſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõmu-nes">commu<lb></lb>nes</expan>, & inſuper functiones naturales, vt in cęteris inanimis, leuitas & pondus pro <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="do-minantiũ">do<lb></lb>minantium</expan> virib. Ob <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> certa & proxima materia cauſſa eſt certi motus <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> certa forma: veluti ſemen motu illo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> agitatur quod <expan abbr="viuẽti">viuenti</expan> <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illo <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="viuẽtis">viuentis</expan> motus <expan abbr="efficiẽdos">efficiendos</expan> animus vtitur: licet ſemen ſit viuentis ipſius materia, quia proxima <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt; ſed corpus, quod <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <expan abbr="organũ">organum</expan> <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="viuẽtis">viuentis</expan> motib. ancillatur: <expan abbr="animuſq́">animuſque</expan>. </s> <s>in eo corpore ta<lb></lb>leis motus exercet; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> principia proxima <expan abbr="viuẽtis">viuentis</expan>. </s> <s>Sic ad <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> obeunda munera, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>principia quæ ſint proxima, <expan abbr="requirũtur">requiruntur</expan>. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſito <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõceſſo">conceſſo</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="cõcludamus">concludamus</expan> <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> eſſet vltima forma, & materia proxima moueretur; <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="ſeipũ">ſeipum</expan> primò <expan abbr="cõcitaret">concitaret</expan>. </s> <s>Nihil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> primò concitat. </s> <s>Forma igitur materia proximę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt principia <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>, aut <expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Aſſumptũ">Aſſumptum</expan> ex 7. Phyſ. vt <expan abbr="demõſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> accipitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſiquid <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> mouet, id primò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> efficit, ſed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> è duab. partib. <expan abbr="mouẽte">mouente</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>& mota. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> moueret <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> primò & à ſeipſo <expan abbr="moueret̃">moueretur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſimiliter">conſimiliter</expan> ex illo perſuadetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> materia proxima & forma proxima <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia <lb></lb>proxima, niſi ſit vltima forma. </s> <s>Quare vltima forma in <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> materiæ proximæ <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>. </s> <s>Forma <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>nil <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan> aliud <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> materiæ finis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> proxima <expan abbr="vltimaq́">vltimaque</expan>. </s> <s>materia ſimiliter <expan abbr="includit̃">includitur</expan> in <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> proximę formę. <pb pagenum="330"></pb>Ergo <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> dicit vltimam formam, <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> materiam, & pariter qui dicit vltimam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2139"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiam, formam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> comperhendit vnà. </s> <s>Ob id igitur forma cum materia mouet formam <lb></lb>cum materia, ſeu materiam cum forma quæ ſunt idem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> idem prorſus mouet ſeipſum pri<lb></lb>mò, & à ſeipſo primò mouetur. </s> <s>Neque verò puto, te accipere <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> proximam, non quà recipit <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> formæ, ſed quà ſubiicitur <expan abbr="accidẽtibus">accidentibus</expan>, tum quae talis materia non eſt obnoxia motui, ſed mu<lb></lb>tationi duntaxat: tum quae accidentia <expan abbr="cõmuniores">communiores</expan> formas conſequuntur, & ſic nil ad functionem <lb></lb>propriam <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> pertinent, aut ſi ſunt vltima accidentia; protinus eam formam conſequuntur <lb></lb>quæ in materia proxime ratione ſumitur. </s> <s>Cętera fortuitu ſunt quæ non ſunt efficienda princi<lb></lb>pia functionis per ſe. </s> <s>Quanquam etiam repugnaret id definitioni naturæ quæ principium mo<lb></lb>tus eſt primò, per ſe, & non per accidens, ſic verò ſemper motus initia ferant per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, quandò <lb></lb>forma moueat his auctoribus, vt in materia; tum materia moueatur, vt informata. </s> <s>Nobis nil ac<lb></lb>cidit <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, qui formam facimus initium motus per quod, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, vt quod; nam ſingula ſuo mo<lb></lb>re primo & per ſe ſunt initia motus. </s> <s>Prætereà forma ſumitur aut ſeparata, aut in materia: ac ſi ſe<lb></lb>parata, vel re, vel mente duntaxat, non ſanè re ſeparata: quoniam hæc poſſet mouere quidem, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tamen moueretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non moueret vt efficiens: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouere finis eſt proprium. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſeparatum hic accipitur, quod ſubiecto diſtinguatur; iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> foret eiuſmodi mouens, quale <lb></lb>nos eſſe volumus. </s> <s>Quinetiam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic elementum totum mouerentur, ſed ex altera parte <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, <lb></lb>materia videlicet, manente forma: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſe mobile foret, aut, ſi è principiis huiuſmodi conſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2140"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret, primum eſſet per ſe mobile, nec quidem imperfectum, vt creditur, ſed omnium primum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectiſsimum. </s> <s>ea <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille ſtatus primi mobilis, vt in partem per ſe motam, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quæ ſanè per ſe moueat, ſed immobilis ſit, diuidatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item, vt puto, ſat eſt, ſi ratione <lb></lb>ſeparetur: quoniam ipſa non ſolum mouet ſecundùm naturam, ſed eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mouens naturale: hoc <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, dum mouet, quodammodò mouetur. </s> <s>Sed, ſi tale fuerit mouens, neceſſariò quoque conſiſtet <lb></lb>in materia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine materia mouebit, & profectò nimis obediet natura cogitationibus no<lb></lb>ſtris quæ cùm à nob. </s> <s>ſolummodò ſeparetur; ita ſeparata motioneis illas efficiat, quas efficere tum <lb></lb>deberet, vbi loco & ſubiecto ſeparata foret. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ratione ſeparata ſumas hæc principia, quae eſ<lb></lb>ſentia, <expan abbr="viribuſq́">viribuſque</expan>. </s> <s>diſtinguantur auditu quæ mox adſcribentur. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perſpicuum eſt in reb. ſen<lb></lb>ſilibus ſpectari <expan abbr="geminũ">geminum</expan> eſſe; alterum qui quidem, vbi res conſiderentur ſemotis <expan abbr="cõditionibus">conditionibus</expan> ma<lb></lb>teriæ ſenſilis, quod eſt eſſe per ſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, quod eſt eiuſmodi conditionibus implicatum, <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> <lb></lb>eſt eſſe per accidens. </s> <s>primum verò illud idem eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſentiam; poſterius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab eſſentia diuer<lb></lb>ſum & exiſtere. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt cùm eſſentia prorſus à materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>ducatur quæ ſunt eſſentiæ <lb></lb>partes, hoc poſterius eſſe diuerſum ſit ab illo eſſe, quod eſſentię partibus attribuitur, addens eſſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2141"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiæ proprietates materiæ ſenſilis & indiuidui. </s> <s>Sed quae horum cauſſa eſt materia ſenſilis, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>perti<lb></lb>net ad eſſe per accidens, quemadmodum primum eſſe non eſt diuerſum à partibus à quibus eſ<lb></lb>ſentia dicitur, ſic poſterius eſſe à forma <expan abbr="ſenſiliq́">ſenſilique</expan>. </s> <s>materia non diſtinguitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eadem eſt pro<lb></lb>portio primi eſſe ad ſua principia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſe poſterioris ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & materiam ſenſilem. </s> <s>Cęterùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> eſſe ſiue per ſe ſit, ſeu per accidens, ſi vtriuſque naturam reſpexeris, nil aliud prorſus eſt, <lb></lb>atque eſſe formæ in materia: primùm quidem illud formæ in materia quæ cadit in mentem; al<lb></lb>terum verò formæ in materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Quamobrem ita ſit eſſe, quod eſt compoſiti, quia materia <lb></lb>contendit ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & tunc eſt <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, vbi adeſt forma in materia. </s> <s>Ergo eſſe compoſiti nil <lb></lb>eſt aliud, niſi eſſe partium in actu; ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> partium ipſarum actus eſt ipſum <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eò, quòd <lb></lb>neque forma eſt actu, niſi ſit in materia, neque actu materia, niſi adſit forma. </s> <s>At vbi hæc ita ſint; <lb></lb>ibi extat neceſſariò compoſitum. </s> <s>Proinde Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aſſeueranter affirmauit Callian eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2142"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τὸν λόγον μετὰ τὴς ὑλης</foreign> .i. </s> <s>rationem cum materia, &, mea quidem ſententia adiectus eſt articu<lb></lb>lus <foreign lang="grc">̓ἐστὶν ὁ λόγος</foreign> .i. </s> <s>eſt ipſa ratio; ne acciperemus <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, & prędicatum ſimpliciter, ſed vt eſſet Cal<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2143"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lias ipſa ratio. </s> <s>Neque verò exiſtentia illa eſt <expan abbr="ipſarũ">ipſarum</expan> partium, ſed eſſentia ſolum, quod eſt exiſten<lb></lb>tiæ principium, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>non coniunctim & in toto, quia tunc eſt ipſum totum, quod eſt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> per ſe, <lb></lb>nec amplius materia, vel forma; niſi quatenus mens <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> formæ ſeparat à materia ſenſili diſ<lb></lb>ſoluens copoſitum in eiuſmodi principia, & illa ſumit eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> veluti cauſſas, quatenus illa ſpe<lb></lb>ctat .ſ. </s> <s>quæ ad conſtitutionem <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> conuenerunt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> per ſeparationem vtriuſque principij <lb></lb>notitiam conſequitur, ſed in natura, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> conuenere; facta ſunt vnum maximè, vt nihil magis <lb></lb>vnum fieri queat; per ſe .ſ. </s> <s>& ſine medio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi quædam cauſſæ requiruntur extrinſecùs, à <lb></lb>quibus ea <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> fiat; nihilominus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> internum <expan abbr="vinculũ">vinculum</expan> prorſus excluditur efficiente ad præ<lb></lb>ſtandam eiuſmodi <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> propria principij <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> natura. </s> <s>Sunt igitur vnum per ſe, & <lb></lb>tum eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, nec amplius materies, aut forma, ſed vnum, quod ex iis eſt factum. </s> <s>Ita vnum <lb></lb>vnius eſſe per ſe & vna vnius functio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> formæ aut materiæ, ſed <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, cuius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſt verè eſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi functio formæ tribueretur, non ſecus eſſet àc ſi animum texere, aut fiere diceremus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem ſi materia moueatur, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſub forma, & forma moueat, quatenus eſt in materia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita materia per ſe mouetur, & per ſe mouet forma: hæ verò ſunt idem atque compoſitum; <pb pagenum="331"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2144"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>profectò <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> per ſe mouebit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem per ſe mouebitur & primò: ſiquidem materia cum <lb></lb>forma moueatur: atqui materia cum forma eſt ipſum compoſitum. </s> <s>Ergo compoſitum primò <lb></lb>mouetur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> forma, vt in materia, primùm mouet; at verò forma in materia eſt ipſum com<lb></lb>poſitum. </s> <s>Ipſum igitur <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> mouet primò. </s> <s>Vultis etiam compoſitum mouere per formá <lb></lb>& moueri per materiam, quæro de forma, vel ea mouet per ſe, vel per accidens, nec per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, <lb></lb>quae actiones <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> ipſius <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>: <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> ergo mouet per ſe. </s> <s>Rurſus ex altera parte quęro de ma<lb></lb>teria, vel ipſa mouetur per ſe, vel per accidens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè per ſe; nam ſicut actio eſt ſuppoſiti, ſic <lb></lb>etiam paſsio. </s> <s>Mouetur ergo per ſe compoſitum, & mouet inſuper ſe per ſe compoſitum. </s> <s>Sic er<lb></lb>go primò compoſitum mouet, idem primo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouetur. </s> <s>Idcirco idem ad numerum per ſe <lb></lb>& primò ſe mouet, & à ſe ipſo mouetur. </s> <s>Quid igitur oſtendebat Ariſtotelica demonſtratio? </s> <s>Ceſ<lb></lb>ſat ex quiete partis; ergo mouetur ab alio. </s> <s>Tum etiam idem actu ſimul & poteſtate foret. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>certè nullum fructum afferunt, ſiquidem alia via ſit, qua idem à ſeipſo primò moueri doceatur, <lb></lb>quæ rei <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> prorſus explanet, neutiquam <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> ab Ariſtotele ſuſcepta. </s> <s>Quapropter ab ipſius <lb></lb>eſſe & eſſentię natura nequeo iudicare <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> rationem poſſe defendi. </s> <s>Maximum vero pondus eſſe <lb></lb>debet argumenti noſtri, præſertim apud eos qui eſſe <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> nil aliud eſſe opinantur ab eſſe par<lb></lb>tium <expan abbr="cõponentium">componentium</expan>. </s> <s>Neque eſt, quae hîc mihi reſiſtat, dicens ea quæ nos attulimus, ad illud totum <lb></lb>ſpectare, quod eſt eſſentię; ſed enim <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> noſtri præceptoris ad totum pertinere quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2145"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt continuum, ſic ex Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> non tolli, quominus vna pars vt forma, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> mouere poſ<lb></lb>ſit vt materiam. </s> <s>Nam fateor equidem <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> Philoſophi concludi 7. Phyſ. de toto quod eſt con<lb></lb>tinuum: magis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod demonſtrate ſtudebat, perſpicuum erat in eo genere totius: verùm di<lb></lb>latatam fuiſſe rationem poſt 8. Phyſ. & reliqua totius genera complecti, ex quibus vnum per ſe <lb></lb>fieri poteſt. </s> <s>Neque id vllo modo negare licet; quandò etiam congenitum in eadem concluſione <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>, quod communius eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> continuum & forma cum materia continua non eſt (ete<lb></lb>nim indiuiduum nec cum diuiduo, nec cum altero indiuiduo <expan abbr="cõtinuari">continuari</expan> poteſt) eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> congenita, <lb></lb>quae in alio, hoc eſt, in materia naſcitur. </s> <s>Et cùm hoc ſit manifeſtum, generatim verò accipiatur. </s> <s>Nul<lb></lb>lum congenitum, prout <expan abbr="cõgenitum">congenitum</expan>, è parte mouente & mobili <expan abbr="cõſtare">conſtare</expan>; planum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt præiu<lb></lb>dicium de forma & materia factum eſſe, quae, cùm in compoſito ſint <expan abbr="cõgenita">congenita</expan>, mouentis, mobiliſúe <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> non ſubeant. </s> <s>Sed illi ſibi aditum prorſus intercludunt ad <expan abbr="obiectionẽ">obiectionem</expan> noſtram tollendam, <lb></lb>qui <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rationem quæ 7. Phyſ. concluditur, ad naturam pertinere volunt, & eſſentiæ principia <expan abbr="cõ-plecti">con<lb></lb>plecti</expan>, & ita concludi. </s> <s>Vnum ab alio moueri, quia cùm conſtet è duobus principiis, materia nimi<lb></lb>rùm & forma, vnum moueat, alterum verò moueatur. </s> <s>Et ſanè admodum debile firmamentum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2146"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illud eſſet, & ruinam minaretur; quippe cùm ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Ariſtoteles ad talia principia transferat <lb></lb>ſuam <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, & ex eo, quae illa item efficiendi vim habeant in eo cuius illa principia ſunt, inferat na<lb></lb>turam eſſe principium motus, non vt cauſſam effectricem, ſed planè patibilem. </s> <s>Nec aliud eſſet <lb></lb>profectò àc ſi ita concluderet. </s> <s>Omnis homo rationis compos eſt. </s> <s>Quiſquis igitur ita ſentit, eſt <lb></lb>belua. </s> <s>Aut ſi id ab Ariſtotele ſignificatum fuerat in eo progreſſu, Totum ſe mouere, quia pars <lb></lb>partem ciere poſſet, & <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> comprehendit continuum; non tamen ita mouetur continuum, quia <lb></lb>pars <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouet partem, aut de toto <expan abbr="diſtinguendũ">diſtinguendum</expan> fuerat, aut illa concluſio <expan abbr="tẽperanda">temperanda</expan> quę pertinet <lb></lb>ad compoſitum ex naturis, aut <expan abbr="reiiciẽda">reiicienda</expan>, quia ſignificatum fuerit aliquid in propoſitionibus, ſed <lb></lb>aliud in concluſione comprehenſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud oppoſitum. </s> <s>Neque poſſet euitare Ariſtoteles il<lb></lb>lud impotentiæ ſyllogiſticę genus, quod ipſe notauit in Prior. Analyt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod eſt concludere ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2147"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oppoſitis quæ cuncta accuratum philoſophum cauere oportebat. </s> <s>At dices ea quæ nos formę tri<lb></lb>buimus, & materiæ, non ita tribuimus, quia cenſeamus illarum eſſe functioneis (iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> palam eſt <lb></lb>vniuerſis eas eſſe compoſiti) ſed quae huic primùm agendi ratio referatur accepta, illi verò <expan abbr="patiẽdi">patiendi</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2148"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Veruntamen nos, cùm videamus ea principia ad ſubiectum cuius <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> partes, ita deſcribi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2149"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primo, vel vt quo ſecundo ſubiectum ſuo fungatur officio; id verò non efficiendi vim ſapiat, ſed <lb></lb>materiæ, <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>propriam, & vt apparet ex 5. primæ philoſ. </s> <s>relatam ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & ab efficien<lb></lb>tis conditione diſtantem, & notare ſolummodò rationem, per quam eſt in officio quæ longè alia <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe, vt vidimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> quae efficiendi vi prædita ſit, necnon ab Ariſtotele vim patiendi ſimplici<lb></lb>ter aſsignari naturæ, & efficiendi illi quod eſt aliud, perſuaderi non poſſumus, quin ex his aliud <lb></lb>inferatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod eſt proprium illorum principiorum omni vi efficientis excluſa, & illud <lb></lb>probari nob. </s> <s>optaremus, quòd ex ea ratione, quia per hæc ſit in officio compoſitum, conſequa<lb></lb>tur vnum agendi vim habere, atque alterum patiendi, & in hoc iudicio conſequentis fallaciam <lb></lb>ſubeſſe non modò ſuſpicamur, ſed prorſus aſpicimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2138"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2139"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2140"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2141"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2142"></margin.target>a 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2143"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2144"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2145"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2146"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2147"></margin.target>a Lib. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2148"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2149"></margin.target>b 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis teſtimonio defenditur formam nulla ratione mouere materiam in eodem ſubiecto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEQVE verò videtur illud eſſe ſpernendum, quae ſi res naturalis ita moueri dicatur ex ſeipſa, <lb></lb>quoniam ex forma mouente, & materia mobili conſtet, idem actu & poteſtate ſit vnà futu <pb pagenum="332"></pb>rum, quod non modò in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, quatenus idem ad idem de actu formali & poteſtate patiendi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2150"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conceditur, ſed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de actu efficientiæ. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem ſolùm actu & poteſtate calidum ſimul eſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> calefactiuum & poteſtate <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> ſine aliqua diſtinctione ſubiecti: quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ve<lb></lb>tabit, quo minus item ſit actu <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, cùm inter <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> principia ſit interuallum conueniens, & ſa<lb></lb>tis affecta ad obeundum ſuum munus? </s> <s>Quòd ſi aliud quid prætereà requiras; iam <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> na<lb></lb>turæ peruertes quæ per ſe & primò fungitur officio ſuo. </s> <s>Non ſufficit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ita dicere, non eſſe hæc <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſecundùm idem; quippe quae actuoſum ſit in forma, patibile in materia: nam ſis via præci<lb></lb>detur philoſopho naturali inueniendi <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> à materia ſegregatum. </s> <s>Nam duo ſunt modi qui<lb></lb>bus ineſt in motore primo ſeparatio; primus ſanè, quae à re mobili ſubiecto diſtinguatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alter, <lb></lb>quae à propria materia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi homo & baculus actu ſecreta ſunt; attamen adhuc homo eſt for<lb></lb>ma cum materia: primus ille, poſterior hic, ille <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> mouenti primo cum cęteris omnibus; <lb></lb>hic ſuus ipſius proprius; ille ex noſtris demonſtrationibus oſtenſus, hic ab æternitate <expan abbr="cõfirmatus">confirmatus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò niſi ille primus fuiſſet effectus; ad hunc poſteriorem peruenire <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> licebat; atqui primus <lb></lb>illè planè tollitur, ſi ponamus à forma moueri <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erit mouens, vt mouens, à mo<lb></lb>bili ſubiecto ſeparatum. </s> <s>ac ſi ibi placet, <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> in extrema illa <expan abbr="demõſtratione">demonſtratione</expan> fuiſſe perfectum; <lb></lb>profectò aut ignoras progreſſum Philoſophi in 8. Phyſ. aut imprudens illum redundantiæ notas. <lb></lb></s> <s>Apparet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſic proceſsiſſe Ariſtotelem in inueniendo primo motore, vt primùm concluſerit id <lb></lb>quod mouetur, ab alio moueri; deinde, cùm id quod mouetur à primo, motu æterno moueatur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2151"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="æternumq́">æternumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ab æterno mouente conuerti, ex hoc demum, quae ſit æternum, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe mouens materia concretum, virtutemúe <expan abbr="corporeã">corpoream</expan>, ſed penitus indiuiduam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hic eſt ea<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="demonſtrationũ">demonſtrationum</expan> nexus, quem planè poteris obſeruare, ſi non paſsim & negligenter, ſed ordi<lb></lb>natè & cum diligentia legas ea volumina. </s> <s>Cęterùm ne noſtra ſpinoſa quædam & exilis oratio <lb></lb>reputetur, <expan abbr="longeq́">longeque</expan>. </s> <s>à ſenſu <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> abhorrens; adiungamus & Ariſtotelis ipſius <expan abbr="teſtimoniũ">teſtimonium</expan>, quo <lb></lb>quid grauius in re Peripatetica nob. </s> <s>eſſe debet? </s> <s>Hęc habet ipſe 2. de An. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Habet <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> dubitatio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2152"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nẽ">nem</expan>, cur & ſenſuum <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> ſenſus non eſt, & cur ſine externis non faciunt ſenſus, cùm inſit ignis & <lb></lb>terra & reliqua elementa, quorum ſenſus eſt, aut eorum quæ illis accidunt ſecundùm naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Planum igitur, quae ſenſitiuum actu non eſt, ſed facultate ſolùm, quapropter non ſentit, ſicuti com<lb></lb>buſtile non comburitur ipſum per ſe ſine eo, quod comburendi virtute præditum ſit, ſeipſum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõbureretur">combureretur</expan>, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> egeret actu ignis.” Verba Ariſtotelis ipſius apponerem, ſiquid eorum vis in <lb></lb>hoc argumento nos adiuuaret. </s> <s>Ex his ergo liquidò conſtat agens à patiente numero diſcrepare; <lb></lb>ita vt nil mihi magis ab Ariſtotelis iudicio videatur abhorrere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd in eodem ſubiecto <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>paſsionis initia conſiſtant. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſatis commouere nos auctoritas Philoſophi debebat quæ p <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2153"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeipſa euidens & certa eſt, vt in ea tractanda nimis òcioſi non iniuria poſsimus haberi, nihilomi<lb></lb>nus in ea ſententia <expan abbr="cõſtituenda">conſtituenda</expan> quæ noſtra opera quaſi à mortuis excitata eſt, modum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="ieiuni-tatẽ">ieiuni<lb></lb>tatem</expan> deſiderari maluimus. </s> <s>Mitto hîc ea quæ à propria ſentiendi <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ducta ſunt, vtpote, quae ſenſi<lb></lb>lium ſpecies ſine medio nihil agunt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> extra ſint neceſſe eſt, illa perquiro <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> quæ de actio<lb></lb>nis & perpeſsionis initiis generaliter exponuntur, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> certè nil illuſtrius afferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in re noſtra, <lb></lb>qui perpeſsionem ab externo ſemper fieri defendimus, & <expan abbr="eidẽ">eidem</expan> ſubiecto <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> motus initia dene<lb></lb>gamus. </s> <s>Accipimus <foreign lang="grc">αἴσθησῖν</foreign>, cuius ſenſum inficiatur eſſe Ariſtoteles, trito ſignificato <expan abbr="inſtrumen-tũ">inſtrumen<lb></lb>tum</expan> ipſum, quod cętero qui per ſe ſenſile eſt, ſiue vt ſubſtantia ſingularis, quæ conſtat ex materia <lb></lb>ſenſili, ſiue accidentium quæ in illa inſunt, beneficio, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> actu ſubſiſtit, in eo verò duplicem <lb></lb>facultatem colloco <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quidem naturalem, vt pondus quæ inanimato materiæ locum occu<lb></lb>pauit, alteram vero <expan abbr="animalẽ">animalem</expan>, qua <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> formas accipiens, & ad <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> conferens, eiuſmo<lb></lb>di per animum eſſe iure optimo creditur: quamobrem eſt veluti forma. </s> <s>Proptereà bifariam ſpe<lb></lb>ctari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> quoddam è corpore & animo; & id quod reapſe eſt: poteſt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſpectari, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2154"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt ratione diſſolubile in duas parteis, corpus videlicet, & <expan abbr="animalẽ">animalem</expan> facultatem. </s> <s>certè <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtum">inſtrumentum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, non quatenus corpus ab animo <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>, ſed vt compoſitum. </s> <s>Idcirco cùm quæſtionis verba <lb></lb>duplicem ſenſum admittat; an'ne ſenſorij ſenſus ſit, quà <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan> eſt, hoc eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, an quate<lb></lb>nus eſt corpus, quod ab animo ratione ſola ſeiungitur: inanis & odioſa quæſtio, <foreign lang="grc">φορτικὴν</foreign> Græ<lb></lb>ci vocant, profectò ſit: ſi proponatur id. </s> <s>Cur inſtrumentum non ſentiatur, nanque in promptu <lb></lb>eſt, quid ad ipſam dicendum ſit: etenim planum hoc, quòd nihil per ſe & primo ſe mouet, id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>in hoc ſenſus officio contingeret. </s> <s>Eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> compoſitum id quod ſenſum excitaret, & moueret il<lb></lb>lud idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, quod iudicium ferret & pateretur. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt illud in controuerſia pona<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Cùm ea pars, quæ ſenſilis eſt, & materiæ locum ſibi vendicauit in animali, aut non mouet <expan abbr="cõ-poſitum">con<lb></lb>poſitum</expan>, quod eſt inſtrumentum, à quo <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, ſi non ſeparetur, aut alteram partem, quæ inſtar eſt <lb></lb>formæ, & huiuſce quæſtionis ſenſus talis eſt, & vtrunque caput communi dilutione continetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ratio dilutionis generalis eſt, & à perpeſsionis natura generatim petita, cuius duo ſunt primor<lb></lb>dia <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan>, actus .ſ. </s> <s>& poteſtas, quę cùm in qualibet affectione requirantur, efficiunt, quominus <lb></lb>idem immutet ſeipſum, ſed extrinſeci <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> indigeat. </s> <s>ſimul <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non permanet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>. <pb pagenum="333"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2155"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Itaque nil à ſeipſo patitur ab alio igitur. </s> <s>ita vt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> proportio intercedat inter <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan> & ſenſile; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inter mouens & mobile. </s> <s>Quare, quemadmodum mobile, cùm poteſtate ſit; ab alio moue<lb></lb>tur quod actu exiſtit, ab <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>diuerſum & ſeparatum; ſic & <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan> ab alio ſenſili ſeparato mo<lb></lb>uetur. </s> <s>Confer eò te nunc, vt verum ſit compoſitum diuidi in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & formam: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in par<lb></lb>tem per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan> & partem per ſe mobilem, id quod tu tanquam arcem inexpugnabilem tibi <lb></lb>ſumpſiſti, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, quo magis ſecreta ſunt initia perpeſsionis in animali, quàm in animo caren<lb></lb>tibus, quæ neceſsitas erit Ariſtotelici argumenti? </s> <s>quid vetabit quominus ſenſorium à ſeipſo ſen<lb></lb>tiatur? </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſile actu adeſt, adeſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> facultas ſentiens; inquam ego, & ſenſus. </s> <s>Ita nos falla<lb></lb>cia deludet Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Quia, cùm actus à poteſtate in paſsione ſeparatus eſſe poſsit, non re qui<lb></lb>dem & ratione ſimul, ſed <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> duntaxat; accipiet agens à patiente neceſſariò ſeparatum fore. </s> <s>ſic <lb></lb>enim <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> colligetur. </s> <s>Omnis actus à poteſtate ſeparatus in paſsione ponendus eſt. </s> <s>Agens eſt actu, <lb></lb>patiens eſt poteſtate. </s> <s>Agens igitur à patiente ſeparatus ſit oportet. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan> eſt patiens & po<lb></lb>tentia, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ab alio, quod actu & re <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> ſit, pati ipſum neceſſe eſt, non igitur à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Si ergo <lb></lb>actus à poteſtate non modò re, ſed <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſeparatus poterit incutere paſsionem. </s> <s>Ergo conſecutio <lb></lb>fallax. </s> <s>Id ſcilicet, quod paſſurum eſt, ab alio quod re & actu ſeiunctum ſit, pati oportere. </s> <s>Et, cùm <lb></lb>antecedens duo <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> complectatur; conſequens vnum tantum <expan abbr="cõtinebit">continebit</expan>. </s> <s>ita fallacia à coniun<lb></lb>ctis addiuiſa committetur. </s> <s>Audi nunc vbi ſim, & quo rem deducam. </s> <s>Apparet hîc quidem fun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2156"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctionem eſſe <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc eſſe poteſtate, <expan abbr="ideoq.">ideoque</expan> aliud extrinſecùs ad ſentiendi munus obeun<lb></lb>dum requiri, nec diuidi in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mouẽtem">mouentem</expan>, & <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe mobilem, id quod ſenſurum eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mouendum. </s> <s>Igitur quia motus eſt functio, non <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> materiæ, non etiam formæ, ſed com<lb></lb>munis: & <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> illud eſt, quod moueri poteſt. </s> <s>Ergo & aliud extrinſecum ad efficiendum <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> requiretur, nec in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe mouentem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram per ſe <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan> ſecabitur: <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis <lb></lb>habebit hæc <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> veritatem in motu naturali, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in officio ſentiendi, quia maior eſt diſtínctio inter <lb></lb>ſenſile & animum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter corpus naturale & formam eò, quod inſtrumentum non eſt ſenſile, <lb></lb>quatenus <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan>, ſed per formam <expan abbr="cõmuniorem">communiorem</expan> quæ non <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſolum, verùm etiam reipſa ſepa<lb></lb>ratur ab animo: ſentit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quatenus animatum. </s> <s>At mobile naturale mouetur (vt ipſi volunt) <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> formam à qua mouetur. </s> <s>Si ergo non diſſecatur mobile animatum in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mo-uentẽ">mo<lb></lb>uentem</expan>, & partem per ſe mobilem, vbi eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> diuerſa formæ mouentis ab eius forma, quod moue<lb></lb>tur, multò minus igitur in eiuſmodi parteis diuidetur id in quò forma <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> ab eius forma non <lb></lb>ſecernitur quod mouetur. </s> <s>Vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimilitudo & conuenientia maior, ibi efficacitas magis occu<lb></lb>litur. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, eiuſmodi actionem multò magis in animato ſucceſſuram, quàm in corpo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2157"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re ſimplici, quò animus eſt forma minus materiata <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> natura. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma totius, non partium; <lb></lb>& in prima quadam ſede locata eſt, non per totum diuiduè diffuſa. </s> <s>Ab his ego tranſeo ad alte<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="corollariũ">corollarium</expan>, quo iam theorema noſtrum Ariſtotelis auctoritate confirmetur, quò nunc inten<lb></lb>dimus. </s> <s>Si corporea functio, ſi <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> poteſtate, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam extrinſeco opus eſt, quod <lb></lb>moueat; ergo non mouetur materia per ſe, quatenus informata, nec mouet forma, quatenus in <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>Quia <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> ex his poſito, aut actionem extrinſeco non egere opus eſt, id quod re<lb></lb>pudiatur à nobis; aut, ſi qua eſt illarum functio; hę certè nil aliud erunt àc compoſiti. </s> <s>Hoc loco <lb></lb>fortaſſe vereberis, ne idem ſit proceſſus inter principia motuum in naturalibus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animalibus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tum quòd in naturalibus principia <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſeiuncta ſint, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiecto exiſtant. </s> <s>in animalibus <lb></lb>nihil omnino tale; ex quo ibi quidem actio miniſtrari poterat, hîc verò nequaquam. </s> <s>Tum etiam <lb></lb>quae in naturalibus forma eſt efficiens, materia verò patiens. </s> <s>at contrà in animalibus forma patiens <lb></lb>eſt, agens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materia conſtituitur. </s> <s>Hæc planè pro nihilo habenda ſunt. </s> <s>Nam quod primo loco <lb></lb>accepiſti falſum prorſus eſt: etenim accipitur ſigillatim <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> elementum è quo <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan> con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2158"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>flatum eſt, quod reapſe non ſeparatur, ſed & ipſum <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> duntaxat, aut ab alio elemento, aut à mi<lb></lb>xto ſecernitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> alterum timendum eſt: quandò <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> communis illius euenti nimirùm, quae ex<lb></lb>trinſecum requiratur; à mobilis natura ſumpta eſt, quod <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> eſt, & ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>ſtitutum, & ex iis <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> quorum alterum actu ſit, alterum verò poteſtate: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inter hæc actio ne<lb></lb>gata, vbi ſubiecto idem fuerint. </s> <s>Quodcunque igitur ex illis actus poteſtatisúe rationem habeat, <lb></lb>propoſito nihil obſtabit. </s> <s>Sed quid ego ineptus in hæc labor, cui ab hoc hominum genere arma <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> validiſsima ſuppeditentur? </s> <s>Accepi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt debui, ſenſus energiam, vt in perpeſsione <expan abbr="poſitã">poſitam</expan>, <lb></lb>& inde oportebat, has apparenteis repugnantias conciliare: gratis illi etiam dant animi officium <lb></lb>in agendo conſiſtere. </s> <s>Cur ergo non agit animus in ſenſorium, ſed indiget externi <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan>? </s> <s>aut <lb></lb>ſi id non perfectè facit, quæ aſtutia hæc eſt, ſeu vanitas, ita ſeparare animata ab inanimis, quòd il<lb></lb>la ipſa perfectè moueant, cùm illa item imperfectè ſeſe moueant? </s> <s>Idcirco aut hęc diſtinctio falſa, <lb></lb>aut generatim pertinet ad omne genus compoſiti, quantùm eſt continuum & congenitum, nul<lb></lb>lo modo moueri à ſeipſo, ſed ab alio ſemper.</s></p> <pb pagenum="334"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2150"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2151"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2152"></margin.target>a T. 5 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2153"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2154"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2155"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2156"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2157"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2158"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondemus ad nonnullas rationeis aduerſariorum quibus probatur efficiens motum inanimi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2159"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>internum eſſe. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2159"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM à nobis ea conſtituta ſunt, experiamur nunc, an'ne aliquid ſuccurrat quod <lb></lb>eorum rationeis euertat. </s> <s>Erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc nonnullorum ratio. </s> <s>Primùm maior eſt concordia in<lb></lb>ter cęlum & mentem, quàm inter materiatas formas & <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> materiam: ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſine dimenſionibus <lb></lb>concordia miniſtratur, in noſtratibus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per dimenſiones. </s> <s>Sed cęlum diuiditur in partem per ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, & <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe motam actu; multò igitur magis inanima in eiuſmodi parteis <expan abbr="diuidẽtur">diuidentur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde, id per ſe operatur quod habet in ſeipſo ſuæ functionis initia; elementa verò ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>: <lb></lb>nam poſtquàm genita ſunt, è materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtant, quarum alterius <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> eſt pati, alterius <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> efficere. </s> <s>Ad hæc dicimus; concordiam eſſe triplicem mentis, & eius quod cadit in <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, <lb></lb>mentis & corporis, formæ & materiæ, maior <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> concordia illa prior cum extenſiuè, vt dicitur, <lb></lb>tum intenſiuè. </s> <s>maior eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> indiuiduorum concordia, quàm diuiduorum: quandò ex indiuiduis <lb></lb>ſemper fit indiuiduum. </s> <s>& verò extenſiuè: nam concordia mentis cum cęlo non ſeuocatur à ſitu <lb></lb>quodammodò: in dextris <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cęli Deus ipſe collocatur. </s> <s>nihil tale recipit concordia mentium. </s> <s>ſed <lb></lb>hac dimiſſa, ſi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> corporis cęleſtis & mentis ipſius <expan abbr="contẽplemur">contemplemur</expan>, profectò ſubſtantias <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> <lb></lb>actu eſſe perſpiciemus; cęlum quidem inter corpora, <expan abbr="mẽtem">mentem</expan> verò in ordine ſeparatorum. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb>ſi è duobus in actu non fit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> per ſe, multò minus è duobus actibus. </s> <s>Nam propter quod vnum<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2160"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> tale eſt, & illud eſt magis tale. </s> <s>Inde ab Ariſtotele extra cęlum poſitæ ſunt mentes, quia <lb></lb>non informent orbes, ſed, vt dici ſolet, aſsiſtant. </s> <s>At materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>naturalis, cùm ſe habeant ve<lb></lb>luti poteſtas & actus, ex iis vnum per ſe fit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt hæc coniunctio, ſic intima ſit, vt cauſſam <lb></lb>non habeat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>forma cum tota materia extenditur, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>perficit ex toto. </s> <s>ſed cum in mate<lb></lb>ria ſit poteſtas ad quantum, hæc verò eſt dimenſio, vt aliàs dicetur: fit vt forma quæ per ſe cęte<lb></lb>roquin eſſet indiuidua, diuidua reddatur: mens verò, cùm ſeparata ſit à materia, fit <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vnum <lb></lb>indiuiduè, ſed per <expan abbr="aſſociationẽ">aſſociationem</expan>, <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> principio <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> propriam <expan abbr="cõſeruante">conſeruante</expan> potius quàm ſubie<lb></lb>cto, <expan abbr="req́">reque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſa fiant vnum, & fiunt vnum, vt in mobili per ſe, queamdmodum poſteà narrabimus, <lb></lb>non vt ſubſtantia per ſe, ſicuti materia & forma fiunt in compoſito. </s> <s>Omnino verò ratio par non <lb></lb>eſt in efficiendo motu. </s> <s>Quandoquidem, vt finis mens ipſa diuina mouet: an'ne verò moueat ita <lb></lb>ſolùm, alia eſt diſputatio, nec in præſentia <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> refert. </s> <s>Quamobrem mouet vt ſeparata neceſſa<lb></lb>riò; forma verò, ſiue moueat vt efficiens, vt dicunt, ſiue ratione propria formæ, quemadmodum <lb></lb>nos; mouet profectò <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> internum principium. </s> <s>Ex his ergo poſſumus animaduertere duos <lb></lb>concordiæ modos in corporeis. </s> <s>alterum quidem per <expan abbr="informationẽ">informationem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum per <expan abbr="aſſociationẽ">aſſociationem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2161"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>At quoniam hæc concordia non efficit vnum ſubiecto cęlum cum mente motrice; fit, vt in ea <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb>mouentis <expan abbr="motiq́">motique</expan>. </s> <s>conſeruetur. </s> <s>informatio verò cùm efficiat vnum ſubiecto, non tolerat eiuſmo<lb></lb>di diſtinctionem. </s> <s>Id proptereà corruit vniuerſa neceſsitas loci illius <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> à comparatione. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde operari per ſe, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe moueri triplex eſt apud <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>: aut, quod non per aliud, <lb></lb>quod ſcilicet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per partem, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per aliquod mouetur, quod inſit in ipſo: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modo, nil <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2162"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prohibet ſaxum præter naturam per ſe proiici ſurſum, aut, quod à ſeipſo mouetur, hoc eſt, quod, <lb></lb>cùm diuidatur in partem per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan> & in partem per ſe motam, ex ſeipſo, ſuum ipſius mo<lb></lb>tum præſtat, tale verò eſt viuens, & omnium maximè primum viuens, quod eſt cęlum. </s> <s>Poſtremò <lb></lb>per ſe moueri dicitur, quod habet in ſeipſo principia ſui motus non ſanè, quia pars vna moueat <lb></lb><expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan>, ſed quia per ſua principia moueatur; hoc eſt eiuſmodi principia <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan>, per quæ ab alio <lb></lb>efficiente motum excipiat, eò vergens quo mouetur, & <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> vim adaugens; contra quàm ea <lb></lb>quæ violentia mouentur quæ robur mouentium minuunt, aliò ſuapte natura properantia <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quo <lb></lb>mouentur: & ob id mouens ipſum aſsiduè defatigant; hic eſt motus <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan> proprius. </s> <s>Cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2163"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæc ita ſint, dicimus, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> aſſumitur. </s> <s>Id quod habet ſuæ functionis initia, per ſe operari, duplex <lb></lb>eſſe, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd in ſe principia cum agendi, tum patiendi contineat, vel quae in ſeipſo <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> ha<lb></lb>beat excipiendi motum. </s> <s>Ac ſi priore modo ſumatur ea propoſitio, falſa eſt aſſumptio genera<lb></lb>tim, & duntaxat ad viuentia pertinet. </s> <s>Si verò poſteriore, propoſitio & aſſumptio conceduntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed tamen inde non concluditur, elementa vim effectricem motus obtinere. </s> <s>Cùm propoſitum <lb></lb>confirmatur ex eo quae elementa conſtant è materia & forma, quarum vnius officium eſt pati, alte<lb></lb>rius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> agere, ſatis <expan abbr="ſuperq́">ſuperque</expan>. </s> <s>ad obiectionem <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> anteà reſponſum eſt, cùm docuimus <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> <lb></lb>peccare ſecundùm fallaciam à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma talem vim in eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>ſubiecto diſtinguatur, at hîc concluditur ipſam habere vim <expan abbr="efficiẽdi">efficiendi</expan> ſimpliciter, & in alio ſubie<lb></lb>cto, & in eo, in quo eſt. </s> <s>Cùm etiam adiicitur. </s> <s>Quod per ſe mouetur, conſtat è duabus partibus, al<lb></lb>tera quæ per ſe mouet, atque altera quæ per ſe mouetur: talia verò ſunt elementa. </s> <s>Reſponde<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, notando propoſitionis illius argumenti ſenſum. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod eſt eiuſmodi, per ſe mo<lb></lb>uetur ſecundo modo, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt, quod mouetur à ſe ipſo, quo fit, vt cùm elementa non habeant <lb></lb>eas parteis, vt ſuperius diximus, à ſeipſis non <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>, ſed per ſe <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan> ſolùm tertio modo. <pb pagenum="335"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2164"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sic redditur aſſumptio falſa. </s> <s>Nec vrget Alexander, dum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> accipit tanquam motricem. </s> <s>am<lb></lb>bigua <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vox apud illum eſt mouere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> tum ſumitur, tanquam id, per quod ipſum habens mo<lb></lb>uetur. </s> <s>Prætereà, quandò opponitur functiones eſſe indiuiduorum, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non pars quidem mo<lb></lb>uet <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, ſed totum mouet, & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> mouetur: concedimus ſanè propoſitionem; hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> re vera ef<lb></lb>ficit, & illud patitur; non proptereà <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> ſequitur, vt exerat id ſubiectum eiuſmodi facultatem <lb></lb>in ſeipſo, ſed in alio ſimpliciter: verbigratia. </s> <s>homo facit <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, & homo mouet lapidem: non <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> lapis ſeipſum mouet. </s> <s>Neque neceſſe id eſt, cùm propter principia, è quibus conſtitutum eſt, <lb></lb>tum etiam propter motum. </s> <s>Primùm illud quidem, quia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aliquid per ſe moueri ſolùm, ſi ha<lb></lb>buerit principia, per quę <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> excipiat; alterum verò, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan>, & ſi motus eſt ab aliquo, in hoc: <lb></lb>tamen <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diſiungi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ab eo à quo deriuatur, & fundari tanquam ſubiecto, eo quod mouetur ſo<lb></lb>lùm. </s> <s>Ac ſi verum illud ſit, quae ſe moueat totum, id ſolùm eſt, quod per ſe mouetur ſecundo modo, <lb></lb>& actu ſecatur in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe mouentem & partem per ſe motam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Falſumq́">Falſumque</expan>. </s> <s>illud eſt omnino, <lb></lb>quae ſi moueantur inanima ab extrinſeco, formæ naturales propriis functionibus carituræ ſint; eò <lb></lb>quòd functiones, energias <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> intelligo, ſunt vel actuoſæ, vel patibiles, & actuoſæ quidem, aut in <lb></lb>ſuo ſubiecto, aut in alieno, non omnes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actuoſæ ſunt in ſuo ſubiecto, ſed eæ ſolùm quæ ſunt <lb></lb>animatorum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> difformium. </s> <s>Ideò tametſi carent his inanima quę non ſunt ſuæ ipſorum pro<lb></lb>priæ: at reliquæ reſtant quę ſuæ ipſorum naturę conueniant cum patibiles, tum eæ quæ in aliud, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2165"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quatenus aliud exeruntur. </s> <s>Illud, etiam quod accipitur, non poſſe probari numerum corporum <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> ex numero motuum, nihil eſt: quoniam ſufficit, ſi motus in mobili patibilia principia, <lb></lb>& quæ vim efficienti conferant, offendat. </s> <s>Nam ſic eſt naturalis: & ita diſtinguitur ab eo qui ani<lb></lb>mantium proprius eſt, & ab eo qui præter naturam. </s> <s>hoc verò, quae vberrime infra diſſerendum eſt, <lb></lb>ideò concedatur in præſentia. </s> <s>Ad id autem quo probatur, inanimum pellendo prohibens mo<lb></lb>uere ſeipſum, poſteà dicetur: poſtulat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius argumenti ſolutio certas huiuſce motus cauſſas, de <lb></lb>quibus plura poſthàc. </s> <s>Solent & præter hæc alia complura contra afferri, quę cùm etiam ex dictis <lb></lb>facilè profligari poſsint, & iam multò prius exitum inuenerint, non ab re fuerit tamen, ſi paucis <lb></lb>hîc tranſigantur. </s> <s>nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea retractare nocebit, quibus iudicio <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> multum hactenus <expan abbr="attribu-tũ">attribu<lb></lb>tum</expan> fuiſſe perſpicimus, cuiuſmodi illud eſt. </s> <s>In omni natura, vbi eſt id quod patitur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> præſtò eſſe <lb></lb>oportet id quod efficit. </s> <s>Sed in elementorum natura adeſt materia quæ patitur; ergo etiam ade<lb></lb>rit forma quæ efficit. </s> <s>Quin etiam Ariſtoteles dum exquireret cauſſam, cur eſſet terra rotunda, <lb></lb><expan abbr="minorẽ">minorem</expan> grauitatem à maiore propelli teſtabatur; at impellere efficientis eſt facultatis. </s> <s>In elemen<lb></lb>to igitur ineſt principium efficiens. </s> <s>Poſtremò <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quòd fit, aut fit à ſimili, aut à contrario, aut ab <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2166"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actu, hoc verò eſt forma. </s> <s>At motus elementi non fit à ſimili, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus generat <expan abbr="ſimilẽ">ſimilem</expan> mo<lb></lb>tum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à contrario per ſe, quia nec aſcenſus facit deſcenſum. </s> <s>Ergo ab actu. </s> <s>At forma eſt actus <lb></lb>iſte: à forma igitur elementi, fit elementi motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> in primis illis eadem fallacia <expan abbr="cõmittitur">committitur</expan> <lb></lb>quæ .ſ. </s> <s>eſt à ſimpliciter ad ſecundum quid: conceditur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <expan abbr="vnaquaq.">vnaquaque</expan> natura, in qua eſt patiens; <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> agens. </s> <s>Ergo ſequitur'ne, vt, in quo indiuiduo ſit patiens, adſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> agens? </s> <s>Minimè pro<lb></lb>fectò. </s> <s>Verùm ſatîs eſt, ſi in ea natura ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> facultas inſit: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in elementis etiam <lb></lb>contingit; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ignis patitur, dum mouetur, & agit, dum calefacit, & hic ignis ab alio gene<lb></lb>ratur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alium gignit, dum elementa inferiora in ſeipſum efficacitate ſua conuertit, & patitur <lb></lb>terra, dum afficitur; <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> opprimit trabem. </s> <s>Ideò etiam ſi pars grauior minus <expan abbr="grauẽ">grauem</expan> pro<lb></lb>pellit, & habet vim efficiendi: dicito <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tu talem vim exoriri à forma: at non in hoc in quo eſt, <lb></lb>vim habet efficiendi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſeipſam terra grauior pellit, verum aliam à ſeipſa diuerſam. </s> <s>Non vi<lb></lb>derunt etiam iſti, entelechian ab Ariſtotele nonnunquam <expan abbr="appellatũ">appellatum</expan> fuiſſe genus illud cauſſæ am<lb></lb>biguum, quod ab vniuoco diſiungitur, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nomine, neque ratione cum ipſo effectu <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2167"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sed hoc miſſum faciamus. </s> <s>Eſto quòd à forma fiat motus elementi: ſequitur'ne obſecro ipſum <lb></lb>fieri à ſua ipſius forma, ſequitur'ne etiam, vt fiat ab ea, quatenus efficiens? </s> <s>quis hanc ſequelam ad<lb></lb>mittat, cùm ipſa contineat fallaciam ſecundùm conſequens? </s> <s>tota denique res eſt puerilis & nu<lb></lb>gatoria, quemadmodum vides,</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2160"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2161"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2162"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2163"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2164"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2165"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2166"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2167"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur diligentius Burlei <expan abbr="iuniorumq́">iuniorumque</expan>. </s> <s>placitum de motu inanimorum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>L<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SEQVITVR illud nunc, vt opinionem Burlei, <expan abbr="iuniorumq́">iuniorumque</expan>. </s> <s>decreta ſeorſum exploremus, <lb></lb>& ea perpendamus quibus probare conabantur, elementa ab interno moueri principio, atque <lb></lb>illo quidem accidente, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à forma: quippe ab illorum grauitate & leuitate. </s> <s>Non vidit iſte <lb></lb>vir, cęteroqui doctiſsimus, graue & leue ſignificare poteſtatem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actum. </s> <s>At à poteſtate, <lb></lb>quatenus eſt huiuſmodi, nullus certè proficiſci poteſt actus, nec ab eo quod eſt actu, fit motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à graui, neque à leui. </s> <s>At inquies, tu, premit graue: efficit igitur. </s> <s>Reſpondeo, <lb></lb>graue tum premere, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> actu eſt, cùm amotum ſit impedimentum: quare non à ſeipſo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="agitãte">agitante</expan> ſeipſum, ſed ab alio mouetur eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> & aliud mouet, quemadmodum poſteà declara <pb pagenum="336"></pb>bimus. </s> <s>Quæro rurſus, an elementa tum moueantur ſecundùm naturam, nec'ne. </s> <s>negare id ſtolidi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2168"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prorſus eſſet. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſecundùm naturam mouentur: ergo ſequitur, vt ſecundùm formam, aut <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> moueantur. </s> <s>nulla eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alia natura præter has: aut ergo leuitas & grauitas <lb></lb>ſunt formæ, aut formas ipſas <expan abbr="cõplectuntur">complectuntur</expan> & virtutem continent <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan>, atque ita ſunt cauſſæ <lb></lb>motus patibiles, vt nos anteà docuimus, aut per ipſas non mouentur elementa. </s> <s>Dabis fortaſſe <lb></lb>non moueri elementa ſecundùm <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> & leuitatem, ſed ſecundùm formam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> modo ſui <lb></lb>ipſius proprio, à grauitate <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & leuitate vt efficiente. </s> <s>Sed & hoc multò minus: quandò moue<lb></lb>ri ab aliquo, flagitat <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> multò magis ſeparatum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> moueri per aliquid. </s> <s>Nunc minus ſepa<lb></lb>rari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> accidens, quam vlla ſubſtantiæ pars. </s> <s>Tum deinde, inanis eſſet definitio naturæ. </s> <s>Nam, ſi <lb></lb>elementa à grauitate <expan abbr="leuitateq́">leuitateque</expan>. </s> <s>mouentur; hęc eſſent principia motus & quietis interna, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>natura quæ eſt materia & forma. </s> <s>aut <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> contra hanc <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> valere poterunt quæ ab efficien<lb></lb>tis ingenio petuntur. </s> <s>Prætereà cogitur docere nos iſte vir, quem vſum habeat forma in elemento <lb></lb>ad id, vt ſit principium motus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> 2. Phyſ. deſcribitur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi dixerit, eam eſſe prin<lb></lb>cipium à quo proficiſcitur grauitas: non igitur grauitas, ſed ipſa forma mouebit: etenim graui<lb></lb>tas erit <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> inſtrumentum; at efficientiæ ratio poſterius attribuitur inſtrumento, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ei cuius eſt <lb></lb>inſtrumentum: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt accidens in ſubſtantiam, & <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> in efficiens primum reſolui <lb></lb>oporteat. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Ariſtoteles in Democritum inuectus eſt <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui calorem quod eſt accidens, ef<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2169"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2170"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ficiendi principium ſtatuens tale poſuerit quod organicè <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> efficeret. </s> <s>Vereor item, ne huic <lb></lb>placito ipſa naturæ definitio reclamet quæ ponitur principium motus eius in quo eſt, primò, per <lb></lb>ſe & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per accidens, quibus verbis arceri etiam <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Mitto illud, quòd ipſe <lb></lb>naturam, vt natura eſt, aliter operari voluerit in elemento, dum gignitur, & poſtquàm genitum <lb></lb>fuerit, cum <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> tempore demonſtretur ab Ariſtotele, <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſe principium motus & patien<lb></lb>di quidem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> agendi. </s> <s>Oppoſita autem his ſoluere non eſt difficile: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> roboris habent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam, cùm obiicitur elementorum formas in mixto non ſupereſſe, & tamen moueri ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam: ex quo nec formas elementorum cauſſas eſſe motus. </s> <s>Quanquam de hoc poſteà pluri<lb></lb>bus diſſerturi ſumus: attamen ne litem lite reſoluamus, & id quod poſtulat, in præſentia demus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eſto, inquam, vt elementorum formæ non ſint in mixto ſuperſtites; at eodem temporis puncto, <lb></lb>quo forma elementi deperit, ſuccedit forma mixti quæ elementorum formas virtute <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, ſiue <lb></lb>quia ſint in mixto elementorum formæ refractæ, quàm <expan abbr="cõditionem">conditionem</expan> auctor his tanquàm ſectator <lb></lb>Auerrois, facilè acciperet: ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſolet ipſorum virtutes; nil etiam refert: quo fit vt dominan<lb></lb>tis elementi motu concitetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> falsò aſſumitur; ſolas grauitatem aut leuitatem eſſe ſuperſti<lb></lb>teis. </s> <s>Vnde item falsò concluditur, ab iis impetraſſe mixtum quae moueatur. </s> <s>Cùm ſecundo loco op<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2171"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponitur. </s> <s>Quod eſt principium per ſe quietis, eſt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> principium per ſe motus. </s> <s>Fateor grauitas <lb></lb>& leuitas <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>Id verò nego. </s> <s>Tu probas, quoniam auellenti ex proprio loco elementum, re<lb></lb>ſiſtit grauitas. </s> <s>Et hoc falſum eſt: aſſero <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non ſolam reſiſtere grauitatem quæ eſt accidens, ſed <lb></lb>cum grauitate formam ipſam comprehendi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in hunc ſenſum accipienda eſſe Ariſtotelis ver<lb></lb>ba, quibus reſiſtendi vim tribuit grauitati. </s> <s>Sed eſto id, fac grauitatem concurrere, vt cauſſam; non <lb></lb>id neceſſariò ſequitur, vt operetur, velut efficiens, & præcipuè primum. </s> <s>cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non, vt inſtrumen<lb></lb>tum? </s> <s>cur non, vt forma, quia per grauitatem elementi forma deſcribatur? </s> <s>cur non etiam nihil <lb></lb>ad nos; quando motus ille à reſiſtente eſt in aliud, cui .ſ. </s> <s>reſiſtitur, & ſi in aliud, cur item conſimili <lb></lb>ratione in eo in quo eſt? </s> <s>Cùm inſtas velocitatem motus à ſola grauitate proficiſci: ergo & mo<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Quicquid ſit de ſequela iſta & connexione: quoniam velocitas non eſt idem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> motus, <lb></lb>ſed modus eius qui exoritur à proportione & exuperantia mouentis ad mobile, cum habitu<lb></lb>dine ad tempus: neque eſt eius ſpecifica differentia, veluti demonſtratum eſt 5 Phyſ. neque <lb></lb>item ſecundus actus: quandò abſoluta velocitatis ablatio, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> actu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poteſtate relinqua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2172"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, vt fit, cùm elementa iam ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum peruenere, non euertat rei naturam; actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundi <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ablatio naturam corrumpat, ſed prorſus accidens: nil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> impediat, quominus alia ſit ſubiecti <lb></lb>cauſſa, alia verò <expan abbr="accidẽtis">accidentis</expan> in eo ſubiecto, vt quae ſit homo, & quae ſit AEthyops: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> homo hominis <lb></lb>cauſſa eſt, nigredinis verò ambiens quod maximè feruet; ex his efficitur, vt ea conſecutio non ſit <lb></lb>neceſſaria. </s> <s>Velocitas motus à grauitate deſcendit, ergo & motus: tamen & vnam demus eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> rei cauſſam: at moneo grauitatem ſimpliciter non eſſe eius euenti cauſſam per ſe, ſed, vt <lb></lb>inſtrumentum formæ elementi, & ſi referatur ad medium, quia .ſ. </s> <s>citius ipſum diuidat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> pro<lb></lb>pellat. </s> <s>Quamobrem planè (vt diximus) vniuerſa velocitatis ratio pendet ab externo, atque ita, <lb></lb>vt etiam præter naturam eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>Nam velocius ſaxum ſurſum proiicitur <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> penna, & idem ab <lb></lb>homine valido actum citius deorſum properat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſuapte natura ferretur; cùm cęteroqui motus <lb></lb>naturalis cauſſa interna recipiatur. </s> <s>Quare ſi eadem eſt cauſſa velocitatis & motus; vtique etiam <lb></lb>motus naturalis cauſſa extrinſeca erit requirenda: ſic in idem <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> opinio, & illius auctoris, & <lb></lb>noſtra reſidet. </s> <s>Vbi vero in medium affert Ariſtotelis ipſius teſtimonia, quibus muniat placitum <lb></lb>ſuum, peccat non leuiter, quòd aut falsò loca citat, & ea tribuit Ariſtoteli quæ nunquàm ipſe com <pb pagenum="337"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2173"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentus fuerit, aut eadem ſimpliciter ſumit quæ cum conditione quadam intelligenda erant. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb>runtamen & id illi nunc demus quod vult, hoc ponere Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>At memento <expan abbr="conſuetudinẽ">conſuetudinem</expan> <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis eſſe, ſi <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> res tractanda non requirat ſolertiam, accipere <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> multa ab aliis appro<lb></lb>bata, &, quæ alibi acerrimè ab ipſo <expan abbr="cõfutata">confutata</expan> fuerint, ne præter neceſsitatem arguens aduerſarios, <lb></lb>ſubeat notam moleſti diſſertoris. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex omni falſa propoſitione concluſionis falſitas pro<lb></lb>ficiſcitur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quamobrem dialectici iubent, vt quanuis <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> falſę ſint; inſtantia tamen aduerſus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2174"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illam afferatur ex qua proximè falſitas in <expan abbr="concluſionẽ">concluſionem</expan> redundet. </s> <s>Neque mehercule infrequenter <lb></lb>Arithmetici regulis illis vtuntur quas falſi vocant: non ſanè, quia doceant falſum, ſed vt ex falsò <lb></lb>verum exprimatur, & ex falſis verum colligi docuit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Neque idcirco fidendum eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2175"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eccentricis & epicyclis, & ſi verę concluſiones pendent ex ipſis, & vt noſti. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Si falſa concluſio, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2176"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principia neceſſariò falſa ſunt: non contrà. </s> <s>ſi principia falſa, concluſio item falſa. </s> <s>Non eſt ani<lb></lb>mus nunc diſputationis noſtræ limites tranſilire: ſatis illud eſto; nonnunquàm aliorum placita, <lb></lb>quantunlibet falſa, recipi conſueſſe; quemadmodum ea quæ de aſpectu leguntur in Meteorolo<lb></lb>gia iuxta <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> ſententiam poſita: quippe emicare oculum, &, ex eo prodire quippiam; cùm ta<lb></lb>men libro de ſenſu poſitionis illius abſurditatem notarit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> illud omnino falſum 1. de Cęlo <lb></lb>accipi <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> mouere: accipitur quidem graue ipſum moueri, nec de motus illius cauſſa <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> <lb></lb>dicitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quinetiã">Quinetiam</expan> ſicubi graue, aut leue aſſumpſerit Ariſtoteles; aſſero hæc, non, vt qualia ſimplici<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2177"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ter accipi; ſed, vt ſignificant formas, <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>actum ſecundum, ſiue <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>, qualis eſt in mo<lb></lb>tu, ſiue perfectum, cuiuſmodi eſt in elemento, poſtquàm peruenit ad ſuum locum. </s> <s>Neque item <lb></lb>id habet vllam vim quod opponitur. </s> <s>Nihil eſſe, quod motum continuare poſsit, niſi grauitas illa <lb></lb>ſit, aut leuitas. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ignorare ingenium motus in elemento, dum gignitur, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtinuatio-nem">continuatio<lb></lb>nem</expan> à poteſtate materiæ naſci quam diuiſio neceſſariò comitatur, & poſtquam genitum fuerit; <lb></lb>quando motus ille fiat ab eo quod arcet impedimentum: hoc verò continuum eſt, & tandiu per<lb></lb>manet, quouſque elementum peruenerit in ſuum locum: illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminatur impedimentum, vt <lb></lb>planius infrà docebimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ob hæc, atque alia multa Burlei <expan abbr="iuniorumq́">iuniorumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſententia dimiſſa no<lb></lb>ſtram adhuc tueri placebit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2168"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2169"></margin.target>a 2. de ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2170"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2171"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2172"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2173"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2174"></margin.target>a 8. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2175"></margin.target>b 2. Prior.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2176"></margin.target>c 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2177"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinatur ratio 7. Phyſ. an'ne pertinere poſſit ad inanimorum motus, & <lb></lb>quemadmodum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TAMETSI ſatis, vt puto, demonſtratum eſt, elementa non diuidi in partem quæ per ſe mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2178"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ueat, & in eam quæ per ſe moueatur, & ſignificatum, in elementis formam vim mouendi <lb></lb>non habere, præſertim, quando gignuntur, vt liberè alterum caput noſtræ diſputationis ingredi <lb></lb>liceat & inquirere, quodnam extrinſecum illud ſit, quod moueat <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, quòd genitum eſt, & <lb></lb>ne quid <expan abbr="oĩo">omnino</expan> ſcrupuli ſuperſit in animis noſtris quod malè nos habeat, atque obſiſtat, quominus <lb></lb>iis credatur quæ poſteà conſequentur: inſtituimus in primis iterare illam <expan abbr="demõſtrationem">demonſtrationem</expan> quæ <lb></lb>conſtructa eſt 7. Phyſ. àc ſedulò animaduertere, an'ne ex ea quicquam depromatur quod offi<lb></lb>ciat noſtræ poſitioni. </s> <s>Et quanuis, ſi interpretatio noſtra defendi poſsit; nihil ſuppetat, quod ex <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis decreto contrà queat afferri, quia tamen aliter alij propoſitum conficiunt: age <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <lb></lb>conſilia nunc exponamus, & infringamus, ſi licet eorum conatus. </s> <s>Videntur ergo colligere ex Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele argumentum quod eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Quod parte aliqua primò quieſcente primò quieſcit, <lb></lb>ab illa mouetur primò. </s> <s>Omne elementum parte altera primò quieſcente primò quieſcit. </s> <s>Omne <lb></lb>igitur elementum ab aliqua parte mouetur primò. </s> <s>Propoſitionem, vt ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="comprobatã">comprobatam</expan> <lb></lb>ſumi ſine controuerſia poſſe dicunt. </s> <s>Aſſumptio probatur. </s> <s>Omne continuum parte aliqua pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2179"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mò quieſcente primò quieſcit. </s> <s>Omne elementum eſt continuum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> parte aliqua primò quie<lb></lb>ſcente primò quieſcit. </s> <s>Atqui partes elementi ſunt materia & forma. </s> <s>Porrò materia non mouet, <lb></lb>ſed mouetur. </s> <s>Reſta igitur, vt moueat primò forma. </s> <s>liceat etiam veritatis ergò, ſic tranſumere <lb></lb>propoſitionem ſyllogiſmi. </s> <s>Quicquid ab aliquo primò mouetur, ad eius quietem primò quieſcit. <lb></lb></s> <s>tum ſubdere: Elementa non quieſcunt primò ad quietem mouentis extrinſeci. </s> <s>non ergo mo<lb></lb>uentur ab extrinſeco primò. </s> <s>Nunc ſingula perpendamus: nam quot verba, tot fallacias <expan abbr="continẽt">continent</expan> <lb></lb>huiuſcemodi rationes. </s> <s>Et, vt hæc probè teneantur, in vi rationis Ariſtotelicę perſiſtamus. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>igitur accipiunt. </s> <s>Id quod aliqua parte primò quieſcente primò quieſcit, ab ea mouetur primò, <lb></lb>& inde inferunt elementum ab aliqua parte primò moueri, & aſſumunt falſum, & aliam conclu<lb></lb>ſionem afferunt, quàm expoſuerit nobis Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Etenim non erat illa Ariſtotelica <expan abbr="cõcluſio">concluſio</expan>: <lb></lb>moueri primò ab aliqua parte id quod ad quietem partis quieſceret, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſſe poterat: ſiquidem <lb></lb>illud vniuersè conaretur efficere Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Nil à ſeipſo moueri primò, ſed ab alio. </s> <s>At quantum <lb></lb>diſtat hoc ab eo quod ipſi ſibi ſumunt, moueri primò ab aliqua parte? </s> <s>Num'ne obſecro ab ea <lb></lb>parte, ad cuius quietem primò quieſcit? </s> <s>quis doctor fuiſſet Ariſtoteles ſi conſtrueret rationes in <lb></lb>quibus extaret perſpicuè vitium ex conſequente? </s> <s>Nam vide tu. </s> <s>Non'ne continuum item, qua <pb pagenum="338"></pb>tenus <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, hoc eſt, vt conſtans è partibus quanti, ſub ea ratione generali comprehenditur, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2180"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à ſeipſo primo non moueatur? </s> <s>Scio. </s> <s>negare non audebis. </s> <s>Igitur, ſi qua pars quieſcat, & ipſum <lb></lb>quieſcet. </s> <s>Vtar <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc Ariſtotelica ratione. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> aliqua parte quieſcente totum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit id quod <lb></lb>mouebitur. </s> <s>At erit'ne pars hæc à qua ciebitur continuum? </s> <s>Minimè profectò, <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt continuum .i. </s> <s>quantum, in tale partium genus ſecari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quarum vna, vel ipſis etiam au<lb></lb>ctoribus ſit mouens, altera verò moueatur. </s> <s>Quòd, ſi in eiuſmodi parteis non ſecatur: ergo non <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt, vt id quod ad quietem partis alicuius primò quieſcit, ab ea parte primò moueatur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> falſa erit propoſitio primi argumenti, & negabitur à nobis. </s> <s>Et illud <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> falſum, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>fallaciæ genere implicatum. </s> <s>Si parte aliqua primò quieſcente primò quieſcit, & continui partes <lb></lb>ſint materia & forma, quae proptereà quieſcente forma, nec vlla alia parte primò quieſcat, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>forma ſit quæ moueat. </s> <s>Nam, ſi illius continui ratio, quod à ſeipſo primò mouetur, in omnib. par<lb></lb>tibus poſita eſt; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> pars indefinitè ſumitur: cùm materia ſit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pars eius <lb></lb>continui: profectò & ea quieſcente primò quieſcet, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> amplius, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> primò mouebitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita concludetur eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> principium, quod erit cauſſa efficiens motum. </s> <s>Præterquàm <lb></lb>quòd quis docuit, vel illum etiam, qui phyſica ſuperficietenus attigerit, de forma, aut de materia <lb></lb>quietem prædicari? </s> <s>quę tam impropria locutio? </s> <s>ſunt illa quidem principia motus & quietis: ne <lb></lb>quaquam verò mouentur, aut quieſcunt corpora; quieſcunt & corporum partes integrantes quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2181"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>extra totum ſubſiſtere queunt. </s> <s>Paucis aduerte nunc tranſumptionem illam rationis. </s> <s>Quicquid <lb></lb>ab aliquo primùm mouetur, ad eius <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> primò quieſcit. </s> <s>Elementa verò non quieſcunt primò <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> mouentis externi. </s> <s>Si, quicquid ad alterius quietem primò quieſcit, non à ſeipſo primò, <lb></lb>ſed ab alio mouetur; ſiue intra ſe habeat <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, ſiue petat extrinſecùs; ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽtiũ">mouentium</expan> <lb></lb>genus flagitet: ergo quicquid à ſeipſo primò non mouetur, ad alterius quietem primò quieſcit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Elementa à ſeipſis primò non mouentur: ergo ad alterius quietem primo quieſcunt. </s> <s>Sed primò <lb></lb>quieſcunt ad <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> mouentis externi: ergo cientur ab externo mouente, primò verò quieſcunt <lb></lb>ad illius <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, quia forma elementi, vt aiunt, imperfectè operatur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eget generante, & vbi <lb></lb>genitum ſit, flagitat remouens impedimentum: aliter ocioſa maneret. </s> <s>Igitur erit cauſſa mouens <lb></lb>externa. </s> <s>Quia verò primò, vel citra medium ſignificat, vel etiam adæquatè, in Ariſtotelica ratio<lb></lb>ne, & in <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> tranſumptione, quam nunc ipſum tractamus, & de <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> ſuſpicio poſſet incide<lb></lb>re: ſpecta obſecro, ſi Ariſtoteles, vt certè fecit, primò. </s> <s>I. adæquatè ſumpſii: totum ab alio moueri <lb></lb>primò, præterquàm à ſeipſo non accipit: falsò igitur accipientur illa. </s> <s>Quicquid ab aliquo pri<lb></lb>mò mouetur: quandò nihil ab aliquo primò, præterquàm à ſeipſo concitari poſsit. </s> <s>Si verò cauſ<lb></lb>ſam primam motus eſſe velis eam qua primùm poſita ponatur, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſublata tollatur effe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2182"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctus, ſiue vna exiſtat, ſiue plures. </s> <s>Nam, vt inquit ille.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2178"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2179"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2180"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2181"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2182"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sunt aliquot <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> res, quarum vnam dicere cauſſam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Non ſatis eſt, verùm plures, vnde vna tamen ſit, <expan abbr="eademq.">eademque</expan> ex externo & interno principio <expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="opponã">opponam</expan> mixta inanima, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cum formæ pars non detur, vt dictum eſt, aliter <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> inanimum ex <lb></lb>forma conſtaret, quæ intenderetur & remitteretur, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc theoremata <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> cunctis ina<lb></lb>nimis forma, vt mouens, ne <expan abbr="vtiq̃">vtiquae</expan> conuenire poteſt, ſed generans ſolùm præſtabit motum interno <lb></lb>principio concurrente, quod patibilis duntaxat vicem ſuſtineat. </s> <s>Quòd, ſi primò valeat <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> me<lb></lb>dio: non igitur à forma primò concitabitur. </s> <s>cùm in ordine efficientium illud quod remotius eſt <lb></lb>à mobili, ſit <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> principium. </s> <s>Dicet quiſpiam primò idem eſſe àc proximè. </s> <s>Quare quicquid ab <lb></lb>alio proximè mouetur, ad eius <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> primò quieſcit, ſed non ad externi <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> quietem manet <lb></lb>proximè <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>: non igitur ab eo mouetur. </s> <s>Vide tu, ſi id generatim ſumas, quàm abhorreat <lb></lb>à vero. </s> <s>Nam quies violenta prorſus eſt ab alio. </s> <s>Si naturalem à forma proficiſci dederis: tamen ſi <lb></lb>opus item generantis ceſſet, non erit vllus motus, ſed quies. </s> <s>An'ne fortè non primò; verùm, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2183"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſic ceſſet etiam forma? </s> <s>At hîc ita inſtabo ordinem naturæ peruerti, quippe quae <foreign lang="grc">το κύριον</foreign> & impe<lb></lb>rium ſit in cauſſa <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> ad formam & materiam. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ita decernatur efficiens erit formæ <lb></lb>miniſter. </s> <s>Quòd ſi aliud principium, quod internum ſit, requiratur ad præſtandum motus natu<lb></lb>rales, <expan abbr="eoſq́">eoſque</expan>. </s> <s>proximè. </s> <s>Mitum in materiæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vim efficiendi commiſeris, aut totum naturæ de<lb></lb>finitionem euerteris, aut tandem in mobili principium patibile collocabis, quod ſit cauſſa proxi<lb></lb>ma motus naturalis. </s> <s>Quoniam verò propoſitio & concluſio, quas expoſuit Ariſtoteles, & quas <lb></lb>iſti conuerterunt, habet adiectum modum primò: ex quo effici poſſet, vt ratio contradictionis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fit in propoſitionibus quibus accedit modus, immutetur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nos hoc caput in<lb></lb>tactum relinquamus. </s> <s>Sit id, non moueri à ſeipſo primò: hoc eſt, non habere in ſe cauſſam quæ <lb></lb>ſuum proprium ipſius motum adæquet. </s> <s>vnde potuimus perſuaderi id conſequi. </s> <s>Non habet in ſe <lb></lb>cauſſam adæquatam: ergo habet in ſeipſo cauſſam proximam, <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>ex eorum genere quæ <lb></lb>efficiant? </s> <s>Sed mitto <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> genus: cùm Ariſtoteles de cauſsis efficientibus verba faciat. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>dicam: non habet in ſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> adæquatam. </s> <s>negabo etiam habere in ſe cauſſam quę non adæquet <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: ſiquidem <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> conſequentia cum <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> antecedente conſiſtant: ſicut etiam ex eo quae non <pb pagenum="339"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2184"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouetur à ſeipſo primò, neceſſariò conſequi negabo, habere in ſe, ſi non cauſſam primam; at ali<lb></lb>quam quæ tamen prima non ſit. </s> <s>proptereaque cùm eo quod eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri primo à ſeipſo, vnà exi<lb></lb>ſtant, & habere cauſſam <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan>, & cauere tali cauſſa. </s> <s>Nam & quod caret tali cauſſa interna, & <lb></lb>quod habet cauſſam illam, non mouetur à ſeipſo primo. </s> <s>Rurſus eſto non moueri à ſeipſo primò <lb></lb>idem; ac moueri à ſeipſo non primò. </s> <s>Quando igitur hæc pronunciat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Nullum quod <lb></lb>ad alterius quietem ceſſat, à ſeipſo primò mouetur. </s> <s>idem valebit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc: Omne, quod ad alte<lb></lb>rius <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> ceſſat, à ſeipſo mouetur, ſed non primò. </s> <s>Tunc igitur ego adſcribam. </s> <s>Continuum ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> alterius ceſſat moueri, quippe ad quietem partis integrantis. </s> <s>Cùm ſit in continuo motus <lb></lb>totius & partis: ergo à ſeipſo mouebitur quidem continuum, ſed non primò. </s> <s>hoc verò falſum <lb></lb>eſſe quis ignorat? </s> <s>Verùm eſto, in id contendat Ariſtoteles, vt monſtret nobis non moueri <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>; <lb></lb>quia moueatur à ſeipſo primò, & ipſum ſibi ipſi ſit cauſſa quæ ſuum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> adæquet: cęterùm, ſi <lb></lb>fortè moueatur à ſe, ita moueri, quòd vna pars ſit mouens, altera autem mota. </s> <s>Detur & illud. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nullum, quod ad alterius quietem deſiſtit à motu, moueri à ſeipſo primò: addo etiam ab eo mo<lb></lb>ueri, ad cuius quietem primò ceſſat. </s> <s>Eiuſdem notæ ſunt & illa, vt quæ cum illa commeat: nempè <lb></lb>quae id quod à ſeipſo primò mouetur, ad alterius <expan abbr="qnietẽ">quietem</expan> non deſiſtit à motu. </s> <s>Prętereà, quòd ſi mo<lb></lb>ueatur ab aliqua parte, quieſcat item ea quieſcente: hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> concedantur: quippe, quòd <lb></lb>ab eodem fonte dimanent: do etiam totum ab ea parte moueri, ad cuius quietem ceſſat. </s> <s>profe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2185"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctò quoniam <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> multiplex eſt, & vt quantum, & vt eſſentiale, quod aiunt; patres item ſingulę, <lb></lb>quæ totis ſuis reſpondeant; etiam neceſſe eſt, vt quæ de totius aliquo ſignificato concluduntur, <lb></lb>pertineant ad partes in eodem ſignificato in quo totum eſt, ad quod ipſę referuntur. </s> <s>At cum to<lb></lb>tum accipiatur, vt quantum, non eſſentiale, fit, vt partes <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſint eius totius, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materies <lb></lb>& forma quæ ſunt partes eſſentiæ. </s> <s>Tum deinde illis partibus <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan> debet attributum, de qui<lb></lb>bus proſyllogiſmus ad <expan abbr="aſſumptionẽ">aſſumptionem</expan> conſtructus agit. </s> <s>Sed is agit de continui partibus, quatenus <lb></lb>eſt huiuſmodi: tales verò materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>non ſunt. </s> <s>Nam proſyllogiſmus ille ſic ſtruebatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod eſt continuum, quieſcit ad quietem partis. </s> <s>At cuius'nam, obſecro, partis? </s> <s>an'ne eius, quę <lb></lb>conſtituit eſſentiam? </s> <s>quid hæc ad continui rationem? </s> <s>Quòd ſi pertinet id ad integrantem: <lb></lb>iam patet in ſyllogiſmo non contineri ſanè partem eſſentiæ, ſed quanti. </s> <s>Confirmatur <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan>, <lb></lb>quia, dum vult Ariſtoteles vniuerſam rem ponere nob. </s> <s>ante oculos <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> quorundam ex<lb></lb>poſitione, totum <expan abbr="parteſq́">parteſque</expan>. </s> <s>continuos aſſumit, & illud totum cuius vnum contingit eſſe motum, <lb></lb>vſque adeò, vt verè animal ea propoſitio non <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>, ſiquidem eius motus vnus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exiſtat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Apertè igitur de partibus non eſſentiæ, ſed quanti, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illis quidem vniformibus verba facit, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2186"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propoſitum concludit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Quocirca efficitur, vt in aduerſarij proſyllogiſmo fallacia du<lb></lb>cens <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> ab ambiguo deprehendatur, dum id quod de toto, vt quanto, <expan abbr="partibuſq́">partibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>conſimili<lb></lb>bus ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> fuerit, ad totum & parteis eſſentię transfert. </s> <s>Neque verò dices, opinor, <lb></lb>continuum ſumi <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>, quemadmodum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> 8. Phyſ. cùm ſtatuitur mouens cum mobili <lb></lb>ipſo continuum eſſe: quandò hęc continui ratio pertineat item ad <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan>, qua mouens cum mo<lb></lb>bili continuari fertur, & latiſsimè pateat; quippe quæ complectatur externa mouentia. </s> <s>Qua de <lb></lb>re ſtante hac <expan abbr="cõtinui">continui</expan> ſignificatione; ſi, quod ab Ariſtotele concluditur ad interna mouentia con<lb></lb>trahatur; peccabit ratio ſecundùm <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> conſequentis: aut, ſi externa eſſe poterunt quæ mo<lb></lb>uent, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ruet eorum <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> qui <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ab externo fieri poſſe <expan abbr="negãt">negant</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quae verè continua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint mouens & mobile, liquet ex eo loco 8. Phyſ. vti, cum docuiſſet Phi<lb></lb>loſophus, vt <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobile ſecerur in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quæ per ſe mouetur, & <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quæ per ſe mouet; <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> <lb></lb>veluti perorans, hęc affert. </s> <s>Mouens & mobile non eſſe <foreign lang="grc">συνεχῆ</foreign> <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">σύνφυτα</foreign> .i. </s> <s>conge<lb></lb>nita, ſed <foreign lang="grc">ἀπτόμενα ἀλλήλων, ἢ θατέρου θάτερον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>inter ſe tangere, aut alterum, vnum verò tan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2187"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gere ſolùm, non tangi ipſe declarauit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> illud eſſe dicens quod non conuenit in materia, cuiuſmo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2188"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di eſt primum mouens. </s> <s>Neque minus euertetur Ariſtotelica methodus, ſi aliquod aliud <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> <lb></lb>incorporeum, ſiue per ſe immobile, ſeu per accidens excogitetur, cùm à notis nobis quæ corpora <lb></lb>ſunt, progrediatur ad incorporea philoſophus quæ ad manus noſtras alio tempore peruentura <lb></lb>eſſent. </s> <s>Quibus animaduerſis facillimè conſtat, quid dicendum ſit ad eam <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, etiamſi cum il<lb></lb>lis in eius deductione conſentiamus. </s> <s>Vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> opponitur. </s> <s>Quod aliqua parte primò quieſcente pri<lb></lb>mò quieſcit, id mouetur ab ea parte primò. </s> <s>Totum ad quietem partis primò quieſcit: ergo pri<lb></lb>mò mouetur à parte. </s> <s>Valebit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de toto vt quanto, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo quidem ſumpto ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>& de partibus huic toti reſpondentibus. </s> <s>Ideò cum ſubiicitur Elementum primò quieſcit ad quie<lb></lb>tem partis; ergo mouetur à parte primò: pertinebit ſanè ad <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, vt totum in genere quan<lb></lb>ti, quia tale totum ab Ariſtotele ſignificatur, & ad hoc dirigitur illa probatio. </s> <s>Continuum primò <lb></lb>quieſcit ad quietem partis. </s> <s>Elementum eſt continuum: ergo primo quieſcit ad quietem partis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd, ſi transferantur hæc ad aliud genus totius & partium; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="probatũ">probatum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõceditur">conceditur</expan> à nobis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quàm verum ſit, ea quæ nuper attulimus, abundè oſtendunt. </s> <s>Ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cauſſam, cùm additur, partes <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> ſunt materies & forma: negatur hoc in eo ſignificato: ſunt <pb pagenum="340"></pb>enim partes eſſentiæ, non quanti: nec de illis quicquam agitur in eo ſyllogiſmo. </s> <s>Quare ſiquis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2189"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad hoc partium genus transferre ſtudeat Ariſtotelicam rationem, is in argumento committet ea <lb></lb>vitia quę ſuperius indicauimus, quod item ex Ariſtotelico proſyllogiſmo luce meridiana clarius <lb></lb>apparet. </s> <s>Continuum, inquit, primò quieſcit ad quietem partis, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan>, atqui materies <lb></lb>& forma non ſe habent, vt pars ad alteram <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> in continuo, ſed, vt <foreign lang="grc">σύμφυτα</foreign> & congenita, vt <lb></lb>ſuprà dixi. </s> <s>Proptereà materiam & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non <expan abbr="cõplectetur">complectetur</expan> ille proſyllogiſmus: aut, ſi in eo ma<lb></lb>teria <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>comprehenduntur, tanquàm partes in continuo ſe habeant neceſſe eſt, quod nemo <lb></lb>dabit, opinor. </s> <s>In hac ergo ratione nulla neceſsitas ſyllogiſtica prorſus obſeruatur. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>nil obſiſtet, quominus fundamentum noſtrum ſtabile <expan abbr="firmumq́">firmumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit. </s> <s>At verò, tametſi de continuis <lb></lb>partibus diſſerit Ariſtoteles: exploremus etiam: vtrum'ne eadem ratio ad eſſentię parteis traduci <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmodè">commodè</expan> queat, an ad illud genus ſolùm pertineat. </s> <s>Quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vetat, quiſpiam dicet, hæc conuenire <lb></lb>toti ſimpliciter, licet de vno eius ſignificato verba fecerit Ariſtoteles? </s> <s>Dicat igitur aliquis. </s> <s>Quic<lb></lb>quid primò quieſcit ad <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> partis, ab ea primò moueri, & accipiat inſuper eſſentiæ partem: <lb></lb>gratificemur illi, & in hac parte verum eſſe demus id quod aſſumitur. </s> <s>Sed tum, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Ele<lb></lb>mentum primò quieſcit ad quietem partis. </s> <s>hoc verò negatur. </s> <s>ſolùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſorum viuentium pro<lb></lb>prium eſt. </s> <s>Nec vlla ratio ſuppetit qua monſtretur inanimum, quatenus huiuſmodi, quieſcere <lb></lb>ad quietem partis primò. </s> <s>Dices fortaſſe; finge tu formam in elemento non operari; iam ceſſabit <lb></lb>elementum, neque mouebitur. </s> <s>Confirmo propoſitum: ſiquidem elementum in ſuo loco per ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2190"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quieſcat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla alia quietis illius cauſſa præter formam poteſt afferri. </s> <s>Ergo neque vllam aliam <lb></lb>motus naturalis <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> licebit aſsignare præter formam. </s> <s>Conſecutionis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> illius neceſsitas fa<lb></lb>cilè colligitur ex proportione <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> ad motum & quietem quæ tradita eſt 8. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm do<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2191"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cet eodem pacto cauſſam eſſe reddendam motus naturalis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item quietis. </s> <s>At reſpondebo ego <lb></lb>ad primum, non primò ceſſare elementum ex formæ quiete: etenim ipſa alio quodam prius ceſ<lb></lb>ſante quieſcet, aut eo quod gignebat, aut altero; quod, poſtquàm genitum fuit, obſtaculum pepu<lb></lb>lit, aut opponam non operari formam ab aliquo violante coactam. </s> <s>Si verò cenſeas ex formæ <lb></lb>quiete ceſſare protinus <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, quia ceſſatio mouentis externi prius redundat in formam: vide <lb></lb>quæſo, ne formam facias <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> quendam valde abiectum, quae ita ceſſare naturam ſapiat inſtru<lb></lb>menti, non primi mouentis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> neque illud conſequeris quod volueris, qui cauſſas primas mo<lb></lb>tus naturalis internis principiis attribuere cogitas. </s> <s>Proinde cùm pro illorum mouentium ratio<lb></lb>ne forma moueatur, aut per ſeipſam non operabitur, aut non primò mouebit <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>primò ciet, ex nullo pendeat prorſus oportet. </s> <s>Oppoſitum in animali perſpicitur. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb>optimè Ariſtoteles qui, cùm in viuente ſolùm perſpiciat partem per ſe mouentem actu ſecretam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2192"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à parte quæ mouetur, ſolùm viuens à ſeipſo moueri teſtatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat quod ex 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>allatum eſt, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio conſimilis eſt motus & quietis naturalis in elemento, proptereaque quies <lb></lb>in proprio loco, eſt functio perfecta quæ nullius eget externi, vt exerceatur: verùm ſola ipſa for<lb></lb>ma contenta eſt. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit, non requirit generans, & cùm ſuum locum occuparit, non flagitat <lb></lb>id quod arceat impediens. </s> <s>At verò motus, cùm ſit actus quidam imperfectus, & cum poteſtate <lb></lb>coniunctus, & in elemento efficiatur per ſe, dum gignitur, nec dum forma completa eſt, aut vbi <lb></lb>ſit extra ſuum proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ſi quandò genitum fuerit, quae aliquid aduerſetur: eget ſemper ex<lb></lb>terni, vel abſoluentis, vel arcentis obicem, quorum ope deducatur ad actum perfectum quæ eſt <lb></lb>quies naturalis in ſuo .ſ. </s> <s>ipſius loco. </s> <s>Neque inter quietem & motum intercedit, niſi quædam ſimi<lb></lb>litudo generalis, quòd .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſunt actus quidam, & cauſſam internam habent, per quam ſint in <lb></lb>elemento quæ eſt præcipuè forma, quae in eo quod iam abſolutum eſt, ipſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perfecta eſt, & eſt <lb></lb>in officio: in eo quod gignitur, eſt eius pars, vt antè docuimus. </s> <s>Sed ſpeciatim cauſſa motus aliun<lb></lb>de eſt, quietis autem prorſus intrinſeca, niſi quies ſit contra naturam, quę, cùm ſit terminus & fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2193"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cti rationem ſubeat, amplius efficiente non eget. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> flagitat munus efficientis, quod eſt in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2194"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fieri, vt dicitur, & habet partem factam & partem, quæ non dum eſt, ſed quies (accipio verò <foreign lang="grc">ἠρε<lb></lb>μιαν</foreign>, non <foreign lang="grc">ἠρέμησιν</foreign>: nam cuùm <foreign lang="grc">ἠρέμησις</foreign> ſit quædam ſpecies motus, eiſdem conditionibus ob<lb></lb>noxia redditur, ac motus) eſt quid totum ſimul: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> efficiente propriè caret. </s> <s>Quamobrem ex <lb></lb>his ſatis conſtat, vt principium, quod efficiat motum, non ſit formæ tribuendum: necnon quòd <lb></lb>demonſtratio 7. non contineat eſſentiæ principia. </s> <s>Quanquam non erat, cur in eo laboraremus, <lb></lb>cùm acciperetur in tempore finito futurum motum infinitum, quod nuſquàm poteſt habere lo<lb></lb>cum, niſi in corporibus. </s> <s>Hactenus igitur generatim docuimus, vt forma per ſe officia præſtet in <lb></lb>compoſito, & cauſſas motus indagauimus qui fit, dum elementum ſiue inanimum, (de omni<lb></lb>bus enim animo carentibus idem iudicare oportet) gignitur, neque adhuc perfectum eſt: mox <lb></lb>cauſſæ motus enarrandæ, qui fit poſtquàm genitum fuerit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2183"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2184"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2185"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2186"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2187"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2188"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>1. de Gen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2189"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2190"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2191"></margin.target>a T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2192"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2193"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2194"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>T 47. <lb></lb>ſecundum <lb></lb>Alexan.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Finis Libri Tertij. </s> <s><pb pagenum="341"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2195"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2195"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI <lb></lb>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV <lb></lb>LIBER QVARTVS.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2196"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2196"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>QVAE VERE EFFICIANT MOTVM IN ELEMENTO <lb></lb>Genito, quiſue finis illius Motus, explicatur.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Recitantur in ſumma illorum ſententię qui dicunt elementum ab extrinſeco moueri. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM hactenus concluſum eſt, elementa à ſeipſis ita mo<lb></lb>ueri non poſſe, vt habeant partem per ſe mouentem, & partem per <lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="motã">motam</expan>; accedamus <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> ad alterum membrum noſtrę quæſtionis <lb></lb>quo videndum eſt, à quónam elementa, cum genita fuerint, & à ge<lb></lb>nerantis officio ſeparata, tanquam ab externo principio <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan> <lb></lb>quod idem verè efficiat motum. </s> <s>Hoc verò duplex allatum eſt, aut <lb></lb>remouens prohibens, vt ille qui demolitur <expan abbr="columnã">columnam</expan>, aut medium <lb></lb>per quod elementa mouentur; de quibus ante alia <expan abbr="ſtatuẽdum">ſtatuendum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2197"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& id quidem ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab iis factitatum ſit, qui <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adhuc de ele<lb></lb>mentorum motu ſcripſerunt. </s> <s>Nam ſi formam ſecludimus ab agen<lb></lb>do, <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> illorum ordo ad elementum quod mouetur, poterit <lb></lb>medio vacare, niſi fortè vim agendi <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> in <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ipſum tribuamus, quod cum ſubiecto di<lb></lb>ſtet à medio, nil habebit, quod illius actioni repugnet eo ipſo nomine quo forma ponitur à nobis <lb></lb>agendi facultate priuata, quoniam ſic ponitur in eo cuius eſt forma: non eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illi anteà denega<lb></lb>tum quoad aliud à ſui ipſius ſubiecto immutat. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> ergo elementum iam actu <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt, ſed pro<lb></lb>hibetur fungi muneribus ſuis. </s> <s>quæ ſunt, vbi ſit extra proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, moueri ad ipſum, aut in ſuo <lb></lb>loco manere, ſiue quia, dum gignitur, vbi gignitur, <expan abbr="ibidẽ">ibidem</expan> cohibeatur, ſiue quae vi <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> detrudatur <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> locum quæ ſanè <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſunt accidentia; nam coërceri & impediri ex naturæ ordine <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt: <lb></lb>Etenim ipſa producit, vt perficiat, & <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> functionis gratia, qua ſi priuatæ ſint res naturales; <lb></lb>contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe penitus habeant neceſſe eſt: ob id igitur <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> poteſtas appellatur fortuita. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb>quàm nil vetat <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> eſſe appellationis illius cauſſam. </s> <s>Quoniam .ſ. </s> <s>actus <expan abbr="ſecũdus">ſecundus</expan>, proptereaquòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2198"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à primo ſeparatur, <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eſſe creditur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quae <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> proprie <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="abũdè">abundè</expan> ſuprà <expan abbr="demõſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id verum arbitror, quae ita nuncupata fuerit, quòd adueniat ei quod eſt actu: nam quod adue<lb></lb>nit ei, quod eſt actu, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, perficitur ab actu, ſed actus ſecundus perficit primum, neque <lb></lb>illi aduenit <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> actui, ſed veluti poteſtati ſecundę. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> cauſſam, & quia prętereà <expan abbr="ſupponit̃">ſupponitur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> forma, & habitus qui eſt <expan abbr="act9">actus</expan> primus de <expan abbr="prędicamẽto">prędicamento</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>, & alter, qui ipſi comitatur, qui <lb></lb>refertur ad vbi; quæ per ſe ipſa ſunt accidentia: notatur <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> poteſtas in elemento nomine acci<lb></lb>dentis: cùm alioqui nexus per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> nullus ſit inter <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> & <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>. </s> <s>Vt ab hac <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> corpus <lb></lb>inanime deducatur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, opus eſt quidpiam adſit, quod tollat impedimentum. </s> <s>Proptereà ne<lb></lb>que <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id <expan abbr="dubitat̃">dubitatur</expan>, an hoc ſit <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mouens, ſed potius illud de tali mouente cadit in <expan abbr="cõtrouerſiã">controuerſiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>An per ſe moueat, an'ne per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> potius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idq́">Idque</expan>. </s> <s>prętereà, an'ne illud <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> corpus quod cietur; <expan abbr="ob-ſtaculũ">ob<lb></lb>ſtaculum</expan> à ſe per ſe ipſum arcete poſsit, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> nobis olim <expan abbr="experiẽtia">experientia</expan> <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> <expan abbr="approbatũ">approbatum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prętereà an id ipſum quod amouet <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, eius ingenij ſit, vt ſpeciem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="facul-tatẽ">facul<lb></lb>tatem</expan>, ſeu vim, aut <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> imprimat ipſi <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> quod mouetur, aut <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> relicto <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> primò <lb></lb>afficiat. </s> <s>Tum deinde quę ſit medij vis, <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> ipſius officium in motu elementi. </s> <s>Hęc de <expan abbr="mouẽti-bus">mouenti<lb></lb>bus</expan> externis inquiruntur, quę <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> curæ ſupra modum anxiæ merito <expan abbr="iureq́">iureque</expan>. </s> <s>optimo habeantur, <pb pagenum="342"></pb>Sed vt iam inſtitutum noſtrum cominus aggrediamur, exordium inde ducamus. </s> <s>Ea ſanè ratio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2199"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>agendi <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mouendi generatim ad remouens prohibens <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan> videtur, quae moueat quidem, <lb></lb>ſed per accidens. </s> <s>At verò quoniam mouere per accidens <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe duplex, quantum ad hunc lo<lb></lb>cum ſpectat, vel quia <expan abbr="mouẽdo">mouendo</expan> aliud, moueat item elementum, vt ſi moueat medium; vel etiam, <lb></lb>quia motus ille ſit fortuitus, & præter naturæ ordinem. </s> <s>Primùm illud in controuerſiam nunc <lb></lb>reuocandum; an'ne ſcilicet elementum à remouente <expan abbr="prohibẽs">prohibens</expan> agitetur, quia prius aliquid ab eo <lb></lb>moueatur quod abſtulit <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, vtputa, medium, an ipſum ſiue cum forma, ſiue per for<lb></lb>mam <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> ipſius è veſtigio moueat. </s> <s>Alterum verò ex dictis videtur eſſe perſpicuum. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>id totum extra naturæ ordinem eſt, vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> in alieno loco genitum, aut eò detruſum, ibidem <lb></lb>retineatur. </s> <s>Ad abſoluendam huiuſmodi quæſtionem, has ego vias teneri perſpicio. </s> <s>Cùm impe<lb></lb>ditum fuerit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, deſiderari id quod remoueat impediens, poſtquàm verò ablatum fuerit; <lb></lb>mobile ipſum ex ſe moueri, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="cõcitare">concitare</expan> ſeipſum; dum verò ſeipſum mouet, mouere intereà <lb></lb>medium: ab hoc poſteà, quaſi rependat viceis contrà moueri. </s> <s>Et non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> faciat nauta qui <lb></lb>ſe moueat, quoniam moueat <expan abbr="nauẽ">nauem</expan>, & rurſus moueatur à naui: ita etiam elementum ſe habere ad <lb></lb>medium. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id neceſſe eſt, vt repellatur obſtaculum; idcirco <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> hoc ab externo prin<lb></lb>cipio exercetur, ſed eo remoto, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> in partem per ſemouentem ſecatur, & partem <lb></lb>per ſe motam, ſeipſum mouet. </s> <s>At quoniam motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> reſiſtentiam præſefert, & ſucceſsionem: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2200"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in elemento verò, poſtquàm genitum fuerit, nulla reſiſtentia eſt: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem nulla ſucceſsio: <lb></lb>quare nec motus: medium adſit oportet, quod reſiſtens efficiat motum. </s> <s>Idcircò elementum <expan abbr="ſe-quidẽ">ſe<lb></lb>quidem</expan> mouet, ſed per accidens. </s> <s>Non placet aliis illud: quòd <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> moueat medium, ſed <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>à remouente prohibens agitari dicunt: Videbatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> huic placito fauere quidam locus Ariſto<lb></lb>telis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi, cùm expoſuiſſet, quemadmodum inſeruiat <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> motibus præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & id ita ef<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2201"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ficere docuiſſet, cùm pulſum fuerit ac ſumpſerit principium ab ipſa potentia, ac ſimul <expan abbr="potẽtiam">potentiam</expan>: <lb></lb>eſt verò hæc principium mouens: dare <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus & mobili, & medio: ſubdit mox, & eum <lb></lb>quoque, qui ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="vniuſcuiuſq.">vniuſcuiuſque</expan> eſt, promouet <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo. </s> <s>Igitur principium <expan abbr="mo-uẽs">mo<lb></lb>uens</expan> .i. </s> <s>quod mouet etiam medium. </s> <s>Alij non probant <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan> ſe mouere, ſed inquiunt, ipſum <lb></lb>ſe mutare, hoc eſt indiuiduè: à potentia traduci ad actum, ac temporis puncto: mutationem ve<lb></lb>rò ipſius conſequi medij motum. </s> <s>Omnino verò (vt hæc ad pauca deducam) vniuerſi elemento <lb></lb>vim ſe mouendi quæ pendeat à propria forma, concordes attribuunt. </s> <s>Prætereà negant omnes in<lb></lb>trinſecam <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan> elemento: quamobrem adhibent medium à quo reſiſtentia <expan abbr="ſucceſsioq́">ſucceſsioque</expan>. </s> <s>ef<lb></lb>ficiantur, vnde motus <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> principio ducebatur. </s> <s>Cùm autem prior illa ſententia iam à nobis explo<lb></lb>rata ſit, ea parte dimiſſa, & ex his hoc poſtremo recepto, nunc quę ſigillatim auctores iſti profeſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2202"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi ſunt, diligenter examinabimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2197"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2198"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2199"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2200"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2201"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2202"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An omne mouens naturale moueatur, dum mouet, & quomodo. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PRIMVM verò non videtur illud ſatis aptum quod dicitur. </s> <s>Elementum mouere medium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereaquòd <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> mouens naturale in mouendo mouetur. </s> <s>Ergo ſi elementum mouet me<lb></lb>dium; ipſum prius moueatur oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> quęritur de cauſſa prima ſui motus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi dixe<lb></lb>ris, ipſum ſibi ipſi ſui motus eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>: cur, inquam, ego non poterit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſe mouere per ſe <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> in <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum? </s> <s>cur etiam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouebit ſeipſum primò, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per accidens? </s> <s>præſertim ſi contineat <lb></lb>in ſeipſo cauſſas idoneas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> abſoluta ſui motus? </s> <s>Prætereà ſi elementum mouet medium, expli<lb></lb>cent ipſi, quo pacto moueat, & quínam ſit iſte motus, de quibus ſanè verbum nullum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>id ſine conſideratione præteriri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab alio ſit, neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tractus erit, aut pulſus, <lb></lb>aut vectio, aut vertigo: aut ſi non fuerit ſimplex, erit certè mixtus ex his neceſſariò. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2203"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mentũ">mentum</expan> mouet medium, aut <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan>, aut præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item per ſe, aut per accidens. </s> <s>Verti<lb></lb>go quidem non eſt, cùm ſit ille motus rectus: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item vectio, quin potius elementum à medio <lb></lb>vehi putatur: non tractus, quia non ad ſe mouet, ſed potius à ſe, vt locum ſibi parat, & aditum re<lb></lb>cludat ad illud vbi in quo maneat ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> erit pulſus: hic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> duplex eſt, vel <lb></lb>expulſio, quando .ſ. </s> <s>id quod pellitur, relinquit illud quod pellit: aut impulſio, quando non reli<lb></lb>quit. </s> <s>ac certè ſiquis eſt ex his motibus, erit impulſio potius; proptereaquòd <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> conſequi<lb></lb>tur partes medij quę mouentur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi medij motus eſſe ponatur: quanquam inter ſe comi<lb></lb>tatur impellens, & impulſum: nihilominus origine prior eſt motus in impellente <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> impulſo, ſic <lb></lb>vt veterum <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> vocabulo vtar; <foreign lang="grc">παλιλογίστομεν</foreign> & eadem quæſtio reuertetur <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> propo<lb></lb>ſuimus anteà. </s> <s>Generatim verò, ſi motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ab alio eſt præter naturam, vt volunt ipſi, profectò <lb></lb>non erit naturalis iſte motus, ſed planè præter naturam. </s> <s>Atqui dicebat Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> medium ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2204"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cundùm naturam quoquouerſus agitari. </s> <s>Verùm eſto, vt motus ille in medio, quanuis ab alio <lb></lb>fiat, ſit naturalis: adhuc euitari nequit quęſtio ſuperior: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> elementum ſe per ſe mouebit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia moueatur à medio: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> pellens, quatenus pellit, per ſe mouetur, & natura prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <pb pagenum="343"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2205"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id quod impellitur. </s> <s>Rurſus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm naturam, quia ſecundùm naturam ma<lb></lb>net <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> in ſuo loco, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; ſi verùm eſt Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="teſtimoniũ">teſtimonium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pacto per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, cùm habeat illud <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> conditioneis per ſe mobileis? </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu <expan abbr="ſepara-tũ">ſepara<lb></lb>tum</expan> à toto; non mouetur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> alterius; adeſt ſpatium, per quod feratur, ſuum ipſius <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> alterius beneficio adeptum: ſunt termini; conſequitur prætereà <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deeſt <lb></lb>efficiens: quæ certè <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> motum per ſe conſtituunt. </s> <s>Non eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus hic mixtus habendus: nam <lb></lb>ſiue fuerit ſecundùm, ſiue præter naturam, cùm ſit ſecundùm mundi diametrum: motus ſimplex <lb></lb>ſemper exiſtimandus eſt. </s> <s>Hęc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> explicatu difficilia ſunt, nec quicquam, aut parum admodum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ſatis <expan abbr="firmũ">firmum</expan>, de rebus hiſce ſcribitur: cùm elementum mouere medium ſtatuitur. </s> <s>Pompo<lb></lb>natius, illud quod <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> naturale, priuſquàm moueat, moueatur; inficiari ſolebat, perſuaſus <lb></lb>forſan à Theophraſti rationibus quę à Themiſtio 1. de animo recitantur. </s> <s>Et quoniam ob id alla<lb></lb>tę ſunt ab auctore illo grauiſsimo <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> Ariſtotelem, idcirco negantem <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> eſſe corpus, quòd <lb></lb>eum motu <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, quo corpus agitari prius oporteret: iis motibus omiſsis qui animo tribuuntur, <lb></lb>de naturalibus aliqua dicamus. </s> <s>Etenim lignum ab homine trahitur, nec tamen homo viciſsim <lb></lb>trahitur à ligno: prætereà vapores à Sole directò. </s> <s>Sol <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> directò non mouetur, neque vidit ad<lb></lb>hæc Themiſtium ita reſpondentem: Propoſitionem illam non eſſe <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de omni tranſmutatio<lb></lb>ne, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de certa motus ſpecie pronunciatam. </s> <s>Proptereà credebat ſolùm id in illis euenire quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2206"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>haberent intra ſe reſiſtentiam, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> verò ſunt animalia: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc aliquid motura ſint, vt ego, ſi ve<lb></lb>lim iacere <expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan>, me ipſum <expan abbr="moueã">moueam</expan> anteà neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Sic euitatur illud, vt prius ſeſe moueat ele<lb></lb>mentum: caret <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> interna reſiſtentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="ldeoq́">ldeoque</expan>. </s> <s>& id quod ex eo <expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan>, vtpote, quae per ſeſe <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>moueat abſolutè, & proprium reſtat ipſorum animalium. </s> <s>Cęterùm quantùm ad <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> pro<lb></lb>poſitionis illius attinet; hiſce conditionibus eam vulgò contractam Auerroë auctore preſpicio. <lb></lb></s> <s>primùm quidem, quae mouens <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan> ſit, deinde vt moueat ſecundùm locum proximè, ſiue <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>motus ſpecie moueatur, ſeu diuerſa, nil refert. </s> <s>nil <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> refert ſi per ſe moueatur, aut per accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s>additur illud: etiam ſi motus ab extrinſeco fiat, vt excludatur motus ferri ad magnetem, nutri<lb></lb>menti ad membra, vaporis ad ſolem quæ cùm mouendi vim habeant, immobilia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> remanent in <lb></lb>mouendo: nam motus ille <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ab interno principio factus eſt affectu quodam mobilibus ipſis <lb></lb>impreſſo. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt à fine ſolùm ab iis fieri motum opinandum eſt, ſiquidem eorum actio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>retunderetur ab vlla ſenſilium <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> cuius oppoſitum <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> auctore Plutarcho, ſi allij ſucco <lb></lb>magnes illinatur, ſeu potius affletur ſpiritu eius qui allium deuorauit, ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à nautis expertiſsi<lb></lb>mis accepimus. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perſuadet & altera experientia. </s> <s>Nam referunt ſuccinum <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> leuia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2207"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præter ocymum & oleo madida trahere. </s> <s>Nam finis, vt finis, operatur ſine materia. </s> <s>Compre<lb></lb>henditur verò ſub ea propoſitione motus, qui per accidens eſt, vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> etiam in <expan abbr="mouẽdo">mouendo</expan> mo<lb></lb>ueri defendatur: quandò & <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, dum ſe mouet, ita operatur, vt moueat medium per ſe, dein ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> medij moueatur: quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ita mouet <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, quia ſeipſum per accidens mouet. </s> <s>Ita igitur <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> mouens in mouendo mouetur, ſeu per ſe, ſeu per accidens. </s> <s>At verò id quod Pomponatius eſt <lb></lb>profeſſus, <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturæ non admodum reſpondere credas; ſi illud etiam obſerues, vbi motus per <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ex affectione non oriatur, quod fit, cùm inurit mouens <expan abbr="quempiã">quempiam</expan> affectum frigoris, aut calo<lb></lb>ris, velut erga vaporem à ſole contingit. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> manet immobile, ſed ſi citra affectionem; neceſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſt, vt mouens, licet inanime, prius & per ſe moueatur, eo ſaltem modo ipſius per ſe, qui re<lb></lb>ſpicit <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, quo tanquam mobili fundatur ipſe motus, & qui opponitur ei qui eſt per aliud, <lb></lb>tanquam per <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, quo ſanè modo ſi animus moueret corpus, eum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueri oporteret. <lb></lb></s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quod propter <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> motum poſtremo loco <expan abbr="allatũ">allatum</expan> eſt, cùm in eas difficultateis in<lb></lb>cidat quæ capitis huius initio propoſitæ fuerunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſe vlla machina ex iis expediat, hilari fron<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2208"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te dimittatur. </s> <s>Hæc fortaſſe magis ad rem facient, ſi ſtatuamus, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe quidem generalem deſcri<lb></lb>ptionem eorum quæ ſunt mouentia naturalia, vt .ſ. </s> <s>mouentia moueantur; alia verò quæ mouent <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed non mouentur, cuiuſmodi ſunt ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, poſſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> mouere naturaliter: <lb></lb>non eſſe verò mouentia naturalia. </s> <s>Quapropter ſi ea quæ mouent & non mouentur, non ſunt <lb></lb>mouentia naturalia: ergo <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> mouens naturale mouet & mouetur. </s> <s>Et quoniam ad efficiendum <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> naturalem nil refert, quae mouens ſit naturale, ergo ſequitur; vt <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> naturale per <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> ipſius <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> à non naturali diſtinguatur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per motum. </s> <s>Quamobrem hæc illius natura fuerit, <lb></lb>vt moueat & moueatur. </s> <s>Sed quae mouens naturale ſic moueat, vt prius ipſum moueri oporteat, ita <lb></lb>vt ex eius motu conſequatur motus alterius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id neceſſarium puto, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verum. </s> <s>Nam ſi mo<lb></lb>uentia naturalia ſeparantur à cęteris, quia ſunt in materia, & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> quanta: quamobrem philoſo<lb></lb>phus libris de motu <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> excludit polos, efficientia, quia ſint indiuidui, & tangunt prætereà <lb></lb>ſenſum. </s> <s>Quocirca melius ad illa nos haberi <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> ſenſu vtentes, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi adhibeatur ſyllogiſmus: <lb></lb>cùm multa ſint quæ manifeſtò quieſcere cernuntur, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> mouent; aſſeuerabimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex eo ſolo <expan abbr="cõ-ſtitui">con<lb></lb>ſtitui</expan> mouens naturale, quae ſimul mobile ſit, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia ſi <expan abbr="effecturũ">effecturum</expan> ſit motum, neceſſariò debeat <lb></lb>moueri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id ſibi volunt Ariſtotelis verba <foreign lang="grc">κινούμενα κινεῖ</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae moueantur, dum mouent, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2209"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="344"></pb>quod <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> habeant, vt moueant .ſ. </s> <s>& moueantur. </s> <s>Ideò rem eò deducemus, vt cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2210"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus naturalis fieri poſsit <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, vel cum alteratione ſubiecti, vel ſine alteratione & ſolo con<lb></lb>tactu <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſignificauit Ariſtoteles, etenim qui proiicit <expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan>, non alterat, ſed mouendo <lb></lb><expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> per eius motum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõtactum">contactum</expan> <expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan> mouet, alterat illud quod ipſum diſſoluit in <expan abbr="halitũ">halitum</expan>, <lb></lb>& ſolo contactu in animali, & ſine alteratione fit motus, vbi ſine alteratione motus efficiatur, <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> mouentis neceſſariò flagitari dicamus; at verò vbi intercedat alteratio, non neceſſariò mouens <lb></lb>moueatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi anima <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in corpore, tanquam corpus effectura ſit, fiat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus in anima<lb></lb>li ſine alteratione <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>; neceſſe eſt animæ motus antecedat, vt teſtatus eſt Ariſtoteles 1. de An. <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idcirco generatim <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> mouens corporeum. </s> <s>Neque ratio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> attulit Ariſtoteles 2. <lb></lb>Phyſ. aliud cogit, quàmquòd moueri poſsint: erat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> huiuſmodi, quia <expan abbr="cõſtãt">conſtant</expan> ex principiis motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>At <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> agens, inquies, in agendo repatitur, alius erit forte ſermo de <expan abbr="agẽte">agente</expan>, & de mouente ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, vt exinde cognoſcetur. </s> <s>Rurſus ea quæ poſteà dicentur, oſtendent nobis non neceſſariò <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> elementi iam geniti antecedere motui medij: tametſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ab ipſo moueatur. </s> <s>Ita planè ſuf<lb></lb>ficere arbitror, ſi mouens naturale fuerit per ſe mobile. </s> <s>Si verò maneat immobile, dum mouet, <lb></lb>ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> moueatur, vel prius, vel ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> alterius: vel etiam quae contrà moueatur ab eo quod mo<lb></lb>uet, non repugnare <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> naturæ mouentis naturalis, ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ad eius <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan> non eſſe neceſ<lb></lb>ſarium. </s> <s>plurimum ſanè euenire, quae <expan abbr="pleraq.">pleraque</expan> contraria vi fuerint inſignita; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>agant in pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2211"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ximo; quare ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſubeuntia <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> poteſtatis & actus viciſsim inter ſe afficiunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> gene<lb></lb>ratim ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan> fuiſſe puto, Agentia naturalia dum mouent, repati. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed & ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2212"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gnes, & mouens naturale, & anima, & <expan abbr="oĩo">omnino</expan> formę omnes materia concretæ ſunt mouentia natu<lb></lb>ralia, eo tamen modo, quem olim docuimus eſſe <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> proprium. </s> <s>Neque minus ea quæ mo<lb></lb>uent vt finis, ſi materia conſtent, erunt mouentia naturalia. </s> <s>Illa ſanè mouebuntur inter <expan abbr="mouen-dũ">mouen<lb></lb>dum</expan> quæ conueniunt in materia; <expan abbr="quæq́">quæque</expan>. </s> <s>ita mouent vt prius non efficiant. </s> <s>Proptereà generans <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quieſcens excitare poterit mobile imprimendo <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> ſolam: remouens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> impediens, vel <lb></lb>proximè, vel remotè, non faciet ſine motu: præcedere <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc oportet <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> impedimenti. </s> <s>Inſtru<lb></lb>menta verò non mouent planè, niſi moueantur, ſed quae moueantur, dum mouent, ſuprà non <expan abbr="neceſ-ſariũ">neceſ<lb></lb>ſarium</expan> eſſe docuimus: quandò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſequens, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> antecedens quieuerit; mouere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>ſi moueri dixeris <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, dum mouet, quia retineat vim primi <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan>, nil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> opponam. <lb></lb></s> <s>De mouente primo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> addam. </s> <s>Neque id neceſſarium, ſi ſeorſum ſpectatur. </s> <s>Sed ſi quatenus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, ex primo & cęteris inſtrumentis, propter adnexorum <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> motum, eo tamen modo qui <lb></lb>dictus eſt de inſtrumentis: & ita moueri, dum mouet, opinor poſſe concedi. </s> <s>Mutari <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ipſum <lb></lb>primò oportet, ſi prius otiaretur, vel per ſe, vel per accidens. </s> <s>Cęterùm à principio, deinceps id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2213"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non opus eſſe puto. </s> <s>Verùm quia 7. Phyſ. mouentia quæ non afficiendo mouerent, vt magis per<lb></lb>ſpicua ſumpta ſunt, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mouentia prima ſimul <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> inſtrumentis quæ motum prorſus non ex<lb></lb>cludunt, aut hypotheſis accepta eſt de eo quod fieri poteſt, quod enim mobile eſt, ſi moueri po<lb></lb>natur, nil affert abſurdi. </s> <s>Mouens in mouendo moueri accepimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2203"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2204"></margin.target>b 3. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2205"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2206"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2207"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2208"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2209"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>an. </s> <s>c. <lb></lb>6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2210"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2211"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2212"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2213"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſquiritur ſigillatim quemadmodum moueatur medium ab inanimo. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OMNINO verò motus eius quod ſeipſum mouet (eſt verò hoc animatum) eſt omnium <lb></lb>primus: ab ipſo autem <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> inanimorum motus proficiſcitur, vel quòd ipſa <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>, quia <lb></lb>generentur à cęlo quod eſt <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> primum, per lumen & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, vel quia vis illa qua mouentur <lb></lb>extra ſua loca, ſit ab animali, vel proximè vel remotè. </s> <s>Sed quantum pertinet ad rem noſtram, ſi <lb></lb>fingatur aliqua vi propria præter grauitatem aut <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouere elementum, aut non affice<lb></lb>re per qualitateis primas: non video quo pacto <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan>, niſi moueatur prius, aliud mouere poſ<lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>per hæc certè principia mouere poterit manens immobile. </s> <s>Buccaferrea ſic reſpondebat. </s> <s>ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2214"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mentũ">mentum</expan> iam genitum mutare primò medium; hoc vero iam ab elemento mutatum, rependere vi<lb></lb>ces ipſi per motum. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> exiſtimabat abſurdum, ſi primò mutaretur <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, ſed illud, ſi pri<lb></lb>mò moueretur ab elemento. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc tempore abſolueretur, & ille verè motus eſſet; inſere<lb></lb>bat inde <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> abſolutè à ſe per ſe moueri: id quod Ariſtoteli repugnabat. </s> <s>cùm verò ſubitum <lb></lb>illud eſſet, & ea mutatio, non aut motus, nil ex eo quod abſurdum eſſet, effici putabat. </s> <s>At vir iſte <lb></lb>ſaptentiſsimus, dum minorem plagam repellere ſtudet, <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> accepit. </s> <s>Nam doceat hîc ipſe pri<lb></lb>mùm, vnde didicit in naturalibus, & cùm loquamur <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> de his ſpeciatim quæ carent animo; <expan abbr="dif-ferentiã">dif<lb></lb>ferentiam</expan>, mutationem, & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> qua poſsit aliquid ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ipſum mutare, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouere? </s> <s>pręſer<lb></lb>tim quae omnes iſtæ conditiones quæ de per ſe mobilibus afferuntur, & in naturæ definitione inclu<lb></lb>duntur, prius conueniunt motui per <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, quàm cęteris mutationibus. </s> <s>Quare efficietur, vt ſe per <lb></lb>ſe potius mouere queat <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mutare. </s> <s>Rurſus & aliud committit, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> fingit mutationem ante<lb></lb>cedere motui, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> mutatio <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> per ſe conſequatur. </s> <s>aliter nulla fuerit illa ratio qua motum <lb></lb>motui pręcedere concluditur in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>: poterimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad id peruenire quod incipiat per <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <pb pagenum="345"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2215"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primam, concitari; vt <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> perſpicuum eſt ſub initio 8. Phyſ. Quomodo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>id euitat, quominus ſit <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſſe motus, ſi <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus eſt ipſa mutatio quæ per ſe conſiſtit <lb></lb>ab alio nullo motu dependens, aut quod <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> qualis eſt mutatio, cum diuiduo, hoc eſt cum <lb></lb>motu ipſo continuetur, aut ſi mutatio continuetur cum motu, quin & ipſa per ſe diuidi poſsit: <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> fieri, & verum eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quem tamen ipſe non approbat, aut <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> inter <expan abbr="muta-tionẽ">muta<lb></lb>tionem</expan> & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, niſi continuetur ipſa mutatio cum motu, vt rurſus de motus initio <expan abbr="quærẽdum">quærendum</expan> ſit <lb></lb>facta quiete, aut quòd, ſi iugiter ſuccedat noua mutatio, quin <expan abbr="cõtinuum">continuum</expan> ex indiuiduis confletur? <lb></lb></s> <s>Doceat item ad quod <expan abbr="prędicamentũ">prędicamentum</expan> referatur ea mutatio. </s> <s>Conciliet etiam, ſi fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, hęc dicta <lb></lb>cum decretis Auerrois <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſuper ea demonſtratione quæ explicata eſt 6. Phyſ. de qua multa cùm ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2216"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>praſcripta fuerint, nihil amplius hîc addendum eſſe cenſeo. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omnia, aut expedire oportuit <lb></lb>cum qui ita ſentiret, aut ad ea <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> anſam aliquid dicendi præbere. </s> <s>Nunquid eò confugiet, il<lb></lb>lam mutationem, non eſſe primam ſimpliciter, ſed eſſe terminum <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> motus, nempe remo<lb></lb>uentis obicem, aut obicis ipſius, qui quidem in mobile redundet primùm, tum deinde medio <expan abbr="cõ-municetur">con<lb></lb>municetur</expan>, quemadmodum nobis item ſignificauit Auerroes, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui conſtantiſsimè defendebat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2217"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutationem eſſe terminum motus? </s> <s>Minimè profectò. </s> <s>Nam ſi ita dixerit, caueat, obſecro, ne <lb></lb>turpem repugnantiam moliatur. </s> <s>Quandoquidem erit hæc mutatio primùm ab alio, motus item <lb></lb>qui conſequetur, à medio. </s> <s>Quare tantùm aberit, vt elementum ab interno principio moueatur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2218"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt & ab initio, & mox, & in ſucceſſu ſemper moueatur ab alio. </s> <s>Aut igitur elementi motus erit <lb></lb>omnino violentus, aut id dicere <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> cogetur, etiam <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ab alio eſſe poſſe naturalem. </s> <s>quod <lb></lb>ille tanquàm <expan abbr="pernicioſiſsimũ">pernicioſiſsimum</expan> <expan abbr="ſcopulũ">ſcopulum</expan> deuitat. </s> <s>Dicet fortaſſe quiſpiam <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> elementi, & motum <lb></lb>medij ſe habere, non ſecus atque cùm quis <expan abbr="digitũ">digitum</expan> in aquę cyathum iniicit; fiunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vtraque hęc <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ſimul, iniectio digiti in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, & aquæ egreſſus, neque prius quàm exierit aqua, digitum in <lb></lb><expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> iniicere licet, ne corporum penetratio conſequatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> prius aqua prodit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> digitus immit<lb></lb>tatur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> fluxus aquæ ab immiſsione digiti, tanquam à cauſſa proficiſcitur. </s> <s>motus hic <lb></lb>natura ſolùm, <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non, antecedit. </s> <s>Sic mouetur <expan abbr="elemẽtũ">elementum</expan> per ſe, ſed dum primùm mouetur, <lb></lb>ſimul <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> agitatur. </s> <s>Hîc primò ſic inſto: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> permanet adhuc ea difficultas; vndè nam, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> motus iſte incipiat, & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> illa conſequuntur quæ nuper inducta ſunt. </s> <s>Nimirùm mouens <lb></lb>citra <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> affectionem mouere, dum quieſcit. </s> <s>id quod <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> eueniat, velim me ſapientes <lb></lb>iſios docere. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id vnquam, aut ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="ſignificatũ">ſignificatum</expan>, aut à <expan abbr="quoquã">quoquam</expan> <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> <expan abbr="ſcriptorũ">ſcriptorum</expan> <lb></lb>explicatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> optatum prorſus, non approbatum. </s> <s>Non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſatis arbitror aliquid ponere in na<lb></lb>turali philoſophia, & ab oppoſitis vindicare <expan abbr="poſitionẽ">poſitionem</expan>, vt video facere multos. </s> <s>Sed eorum quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2219"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſas habent, cuiuſmodi res hæc eſt, cauſſas afferre, aut ſi fortè cauſſæ latent, rem vel ſimili, vel <lb></lb>alia quauis machina perſuadere. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> prius ſecundùm naturam à poſteriore ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur motus <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan>, cùm ſit prior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus medij, poterit à motu medij ſeiungi, non aliter <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>iniectio digiti in vas, ſi fingatur ibi non eſſe aqua, iniicietur in ipſum per motum. </s> <s>exit aqua, <expan abbr="quo-niã">quo<lb></lb>niam</expan> accidit <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ibi eſſe; ſic moueri poſſet <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> per ſeipſum, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> adeſſet. </s> <s>Verùm fac ibi <lb></lb>eſſe tum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quia ſit aër, pro medio, fac & digitum eſſe <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, quod intra ſe reſiſtentiæ cauſſas <lb></lb>habeat; tolle <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> cauſſam motus in vacuo, finge <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> & corpus ſimplex. </s> <s>pone vacuum; <lb></lb>non idcirco impedietur curſus noſtræ rationis. </s> <s>erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliqua <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> ſpatij mutatio quæ per <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>naturale & <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> degeneraret in <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> quæ per ſe ab officio medij ſepararetur, & à priore cauſſa <lb></lb>deſcenderet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem ſiue interna, ſiue externa, nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obſtat in præſentia: ac ſiquidem <lb></lb>interna fuerit, natura prior eſt, & à cęteris ſegregari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ſi externa, nil profectò vetabit, quomi<lb></lb>nus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab externa cauſſa naſcatur motus naturalis. </s> <s>Nunquam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> didici vacuum obſiſtere muta<lb></lb>tioni naturali, motui planè obſtare didici, ſed quòd mutationi non obſtet, poſteà docebimus, quae <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2220"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea ratione qua naturalis eſt, nihil vnquam audiui, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> perſuaderi poſſum. </s> <s>Proptereà, ſi id quod <lb></lb>eſt poſterius, quatenus huiuſmodi, non poteſt eſſe cauſſa prioris. </s> <s>Medium mouetur natura po<lb></lb>ſterius. </s> <s>Ergo eius motus non poteſt eſſe cauſſa propter quam moueatur elementum. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>hęc tametſi abſolutè dilui poſſunt, exitum tamen apud huiuſce ſententiæ profeſſoreis inueni<lb></lb>re non videntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2214"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2215"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2216"></margin.target>a T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2217"></margin.target>b 6. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2218"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2219"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2220"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De mutuis operis quas mobile & medium in mouendo ſibi præſtant. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TRANSEO nunc ad alterum illud. </s> <s>Quòd medium ab elemento motum, ſiue mutatum <lb></lb>moueat viciſsim <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>. </s> <s>Hîc verò duo nobis ſeſe obiiciunt quæ aduertamus. </s> <s>Primùm, <lb></lb>quod attinet ad hunc ipſum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> quo <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> mouetur à medio. </s> <s>Alterum verò quod ſpectat <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> qui ab elemento primùm <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> medio, deinde viciſsim à medio redundat in ele<lb></lb>mentum. </s> <s>Nanque ſi mouetur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> à medio, cùm hic ſit motus ab alio velocius moueretur, <lb></lb>quo minus eſſet <expan abbr="elemẽtũ">elementum</expan>; eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maior proportio <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan> ad mobile, quod eſſet minoris molis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc velocius mouetur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, quò maius eſt. </s> <s>Tum prætereà ſi efficacitas ſequitur multitu <pb pagenum="346"></pb>dinem formę; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> multa eſt in multa materia, quapropter in maiore corpore maior ineſt vir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2221"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus: profecto <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, vbi maior ſit medij moles, efficietur item velocior motus. </s> <s>At maior eſt medij <lb></lb>moles in principio. </s> <s>Mouebit ergo velocius ab initio. </s> <s>Sed motus naturalis in principio ſegnior <lb></lb>eſt, & velocius mouetur aliquod corpus ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quo maius exiſtit. </s> <s>Ad primum fortaſ<lb></lb>ſe reſpondebis; id neceſſariò conſequi, ſi medium virtute propria moueret elementum: at <expan abbr="quo-niã">quo<lb></lb>niam</expan> mouet in elementi virtute, cùm ab elemento iam <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> acceperit; inde fit, vt non poſ<lb></lb>ſit velocius ipſum mouere, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> ſit minus. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi ita dixeris, in id protinus incides, vt fa<lb></lb>tearis <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, vel à ſe per ſe primò moueri; id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primùm mouet à quo eſt fons & origo mo<lb></lb>tionis, & à quouis vniuerſa mouendi proficiſcitur, vel motum naturalem non à natura primò, & <lb></lb>per ſe, ſed per aliud effici, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> à medio factum. </s> <s>Secundùm verò poteris in nos retor<lb></lb>quere; nimirùm, minus eſſe dicens medium in principio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in fine: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> debere nos elementi <lb></lb><expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> ab ea parte ſumere, qua verſus concitatur elementum: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non mouet, ſed potius reſiſtit; <lb></lb>verùm à parte ſuperiore ſi deſcendat, quia .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <expan abbr="cõprimat">comprimat</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, & ob id ocyus agat. </s> <s>Ideò <lb></lb>cùm à tergo parua ſit ab initio medij moles, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> languidius aget, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in fine motus, vbi iam lapis <lb></lb><expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> medij <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> permenſus eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> agit in <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, & à principio <lb></lb>maior eſt medij moles, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in fine, mouetur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ocyus in fine, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in principio. </s> <s>Hîc te oportet in me<lb></lb>dio <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> afferre, qua <expan abbr="cõpulſus">compulſus</expan> aër ita cogatur à tergo elementi, vt ipſum promoueat aliquò ver<lb></lb>ſus: do etenim vnde exiit mobile, eo <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan> aërem <expan abbr="cõmigrare">commigrare</expan>, concedo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> opplere totum <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2222"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed quæ neceſsitas vrget aërem, vt in <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="denſitatẽ">denſitatem</expan> cogatur, ob quam <expan abbr="vehemẽtius">vehementius</expan> pellere poſ<lb></lb>ſit id quod mouetur? </s> <s>quin potius aëris <expan abbr="dẽſitas">denſitas</expan> minuet <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> quandò ab anteriore parte cogetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc addere licet mouens <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>, quod <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> cogat, <expan abbr="quemamodũ">quemamodum</expan> in iis quæ proiiciuntur; <lb></lb>iam. </s> <s>n, perſpicuè cauſſa cecideris. </s> <s>Phyſici eſt cauſſam non præterire, ſi reddi poſsit. </s> <s>Num id for<lb></lb>tè efficiet ſua grauitate, quandò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aër in ſuo loco propendet inſigniter ad centrum? </s> <s>minimè <lb></lb>profectò; cùm aër à ſaxi pondere ſuperetur: necnon id eſſet <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <expan abbr="deſcendentiũ">deſcendentium</expan>; cùm tamen <lb></lb>illud <expan abbr="euentũ">euentum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> pertineat ad <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> naturalem. </s> <s>Quòd ſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, quia ſit maius, ab <lb></lb>initio magis impedire dixeris; nil fortaſſe vetabit <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſaxum <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> velocitate moueri, vbi à ſum<lb></lb>mo vertice <expan abbr="mõtis">montis</expan> altiſsimi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> à medio turris humilioris incipiat prouolui, quin fortaſſe tardius <lb></lb>agitabitur. </s> <s>ratio eſt, quia cùm <expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan> quod ab editiore loco mouetur, ad <expan abbr="mediã">mediam</expan> turrim peruénit, ha<lb></lb>bet <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> aëris quì reſiſtat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud quod inde motum <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> fuerat auſpicatum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi fa<lb></lb>tearis aërem à tergo <expan abbr="cõpreſſum">compreſſum</expan> mouere <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, etiam tantundem aëris <expan abbr="cõprimet">comprimet</expan> in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> loco <lb></lb><expan abbr="faxũ">faxum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> ab editiſsimo loco mouendi <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> facit, & <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab humiliore. </s> <s>Audiſti <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="Ari-ſtotelẽ">Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem</expan> inuectum fuiſſe in alios philoſophos 1. de Cęlo, quae <expan abbr="pulſionẽ">pulſionem</expan> numerarent in cauſsis motus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2223"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturalis. </s> <s>Adde item reſiſtere nil aliud eſſe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> impedire motum; atqui <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ab Ariſtotele po<lb></lb>nitur inſeruire cunctis motibus <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> ab ipſo motore quoquo verſus excipiens. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ponatur reſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2224"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtere <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>; non monebit. </s> <s>Cęterùm finge rurſus has mutuas <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> <expan abbr="mediiq́">mediique</expan>. </s> <s>operas: eorum ſen<lb></lb>tentia, ſequitur, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ita ſe mouere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> nauta, dum mouet nauim, qui ſe per acci<lb></lb>dens mouet. </s> <s>Primùm poſſet <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> mouere medium non mouendo ſe: ea <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt illorum natu<lb></lb>ra quæ mouent per accidens, quatenus per accidens. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſequeretur, opinor, in muta<lb></lb>tione, ſi <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ratio eſt de motu & mutatione interna, quę fit ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Verùm valeat <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> poteſt; ſiquidem nil obſtat, quominus aliquid vnà per accidens ſit, & perpetuum, <lb></lb>neque ſolum perpetuum ſed neceſſarium. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> illud attende. </s> <s>Nanque ad admirabilem <expan abbr="continẽt">continent</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2225"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæc repugnantia, quae ſe per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> moueant, ea tamen ſunt per ſe mobilia, <expan abbr="naturaliſq́">naturaliſque</expan>. </s> <s>motus initia <lb></lb>conſecuta ſint à propria natura, qualis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa eſt, & talis effectus ſit oportet & contrà. </s> <s>Prætereà <lb></lb>motus ille qui fit ab elemento in medio, non videtur in grauibus alius eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> preſsio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>, & di<lb></lb>uiſio medij, elementi verò, non <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> pulſio, vt dixi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tractio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vertigo, ſed vectio potius. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2226"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>At ſi vehitur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, mouetur <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> per accidens: <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aliter tibi <expan abbr="dandũ">dandum</expan> erit eſſe motum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2227"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab alio per ſe, & proptereà ſecundum naturam. </s> <s>Quis ergo in elemento iam genito per ſe mo<lb></lb>tus, aut ab interno principio, quem etiam multò <expan abbr="perfectiorẽ">perfectiorem</expan> eſſe facilè cenſueris, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vbi gignitur? <lb></lb></s> <s>Ille <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus eſt perfectior qui ineſt in actu ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ille qui ineſt in ea quæ continet adhuc <lb></lb>poteſtatem. </s> <s>Proptereà latio perfectior iudicata eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cęteri motus, quoniam ineſt in ſubſtantia <lb></lb>ſine vlla ipſius labe & detrimento. </s> <s>Si perfectior: ergo magis ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, cuius officium <lb></lb>ſemper eſt promouere ad perfectionem. </s> <s>ſi magis ſecundùm naturam, ergo magis per ſe; iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>docuimus per ſe, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſecum congruere. </s> <s>Si ſecus dixeris, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud cauſſatus ſis <lb></lb>quod pertineat ad hunc <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & ſit per accidens; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> opus elementi geniti, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, non <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> moueri, ſed eſſe in ſuo loco; aliunde verò <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> exoriri, iam <expan abbr="mecũ">mecum</expan> ſenſeris. </s> <s>omniſque <lb></lb>difficultas è medio ſublata erit. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia huiuſmodi <expan abbr="incõmoda">incommoda</expan> præſeferunt ſententiæ ſupe<lb></lb>riores. </s> <s>A quibus fortaſſe commotus Achillinus, exiſtimauit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ab initio moueri à generan<lb></lb>te, aut remonente prohibens, adiuuari verò proceſſum à medio. </s> <s>Quòd ſi percuncteris illum, vn<lb></lb>dè nam <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> moueatur; inquiet, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à remouente prohibens, quod ipſi vim imprimit, ob quam <pb pagenum="347"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2228"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouetur <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>. </s> <s>& ita motum poteſt contrà agitare elementum. </s> <s>At ſi ita foret; etiam ſequere<lb></lb>tur in hac hypotheſi, vt ſemper ocyus ageretur corpus minoris molis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maioris. </s> <s>Nam maior eſ<lb></lb>ſet <expan abbr="exuperãtia">exuperantia</expan> medij ad corpus quod eſſet minus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad maius. </s> <s>Tum etiam <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> non'ne ſimplex <lb></lb>eſt corpus? </s> <s>certè: non'ne ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouetur? </s> <s>planè. </s> <s>non'ne iam factum eſt? </s> <s>vtique. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si ergo mouetur: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eget & alio remouente prohibens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alio medio à quo conci<lb></lb>tetur & ſic in infinitum. </s> <s>Verumenimuero ſit hæc ratio dialectica. </s> <s>Sed quod non poſſunt ſin<lb></lb>gula, multa valent. </s> <s>quid ad illud. </s> <s>Medium <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> graue eſt, aut leue quodammodo, quod verò mo<lb></lb>uetur per <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> graue eſt aut leue ſimpliciter, aut ſaltem magis tale, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>; aliter non moue<lb></lb>retur per <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, ſed maneret in ipſo. </s> <s>Hoc poſito <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conceſſo ſic colligo <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>. </s> <s>Efficacitas <lb></lb>maior ab agente incutitur patienti magis affecto. </s> <s>Sed magis <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> eſt ad recipiendum motum <lb></lb>id quod graue eſt, aut leue ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod tale eſt aliqua ex parte. </s> <s>Ergo cum mobile ſit <lb></lb>tale ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> verò ex parte <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan>: magis à remouente prohibens mobili vis imprime<lb></lb>retur <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> medio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idq́">Idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſignificauit nobis aliquando Ariſtoteles inquiens: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Eum quidem, qui eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2229"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="velociorẽ">velociorem</expan> à potentia fieri, cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit ille motus ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; adeſt etiam <lb></lb>in mobili propenſio ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>. </s> <s>Nihil igitur mirum, ſi facilius <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> illo quò vergit, excipiat, <lb></lb>cùm cęteroqui reſiſteret, ſi præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueretur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> is ego ſum, & aërem in proprio <lb></lb>loco <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> <expan abbr="credã">credam</expan> habere maiorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aliquod graue ſimpliciter, quò fiat, vt præcedat ſaxo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2230"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in eo ruat præceps; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quòd ſi ita eſſet, non foret vſus idem medij in aſcenſu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> de<lb></lb>ſcenſu, cùm præ grauitate grauibus opem ferret, leuibus autem reniteretur. </s> <s>Sed hæc poſteà cla<lb></lb>rius. </s> <s>De modo igitur, quo ſe mouet elementum, quatenus aliis viſum eſt; ſatis nunc diſputa<lb></lb>tum ſit: mox progrediamur ad reliqua.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2221"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2222"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2223"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2224"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2225"></margin.target>b De par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2226"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2227"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>inceſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2228"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2229"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2230"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum id quod eſt in poteſtate ſecunda, deducatur ad actum remouente <lb></lb>prohibens. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAE de motu qui fit à generante, magnis agitata <expan abbr="cõtrouerſiis">controuerſiis</expan>, ab omni philoſophorum ſe<lb></lb>cta obſeruantur, ſatis <expan abbr="ſuperq́">ſuperque</expan>. </s> <s>tractata ſunt. </s> <s>Illa item propoſita quæ de motu qui fit, poſt<lb></lb>quam elementa genita cùm eſſent, extra <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> locum ab impedimento aliquo detinerentur, & <lb></lb>opiniones varię de motus illius initiis & cauſsis à nobis recitatę: ac niſi fallor adamuſsim diſcuſ<lb></lb>ſę, poſtulat nunc inſtituta tractatio, vt ad noſtræ quæſtionis <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> properemus, & in tantis rerum <lb></lb>tenebris qui <expan abbr="tandẽ">tandem</expan> ſit animi noſtri ſenſus exponamus. </s> <s>Cęterùm vt lux omnibus iis excuſsis, quàm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2231"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="sũma">summa</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> breuitate rebus noſtris accedat; ſententiæ noſtræ <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> continebit <expan abbr="explicatio-nẽ">explicatio<lb></lb>nem</expan> <expan abbr="quarundã">quarundam</expan> hypotheſeon, quibus vniuerſus hic ſermo innititur, & <expan abbr="nonnullarũ">nonnullarum</expan> quæ ſupra ſunt <lb></lb>demonſtratæ repetitionem; mox, qua licebit, perſpicuitate ponemus <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>: inde con<lb></lb>uertemur ad dilutionem <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> dubitationum, quę tum naturæ <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> obſiſtete, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> placitum <expan abbr="no-ſtrũ">no<lb></lb>ſtrum</expan> oppugnate cenſebuntur. </s> <s>Hinc verò inſtituti ſermonis exordium capiatur. </s> <s>Si igitur motus <lb></lb>actus eſt eius quod eſt poteſtate, quatenus huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Ergo id quod mouetur, quatenus moue<lb></lb>tur, de poteſtate ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> traducitur. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex eo loco <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> perſpicuum eſt quem dialectici vo<lb></lb>cant à caſibus & coniugatis. </s> <s>Quòd ſi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> verus eſt locus ille, vt certè eſt, à definitione ad <expan abbr="defini-tũ">defini<lb></lb>tum</expan>, <expan abbr="contraq́">contraque</expan>. </s> <s>à definito ad definitionem; commeant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> reciprocantur definitio & definitum. <lb></lb></s> <s>quicquid <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> de poteſtate, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> tranſit ad actum, mouetur. </s> <s>At verò, cùm multiplex ſit po<lb></lb>teſtas, actuoſa nimirùm & patibilis; in motu verò patibilis comprehendatur; cùm ipſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit <lb></lb>multiplex, fit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> veriſimile, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ipſum eſſe multiplicem. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vti dictum eſt, poteſtas prima <lb></lb>quæ eſt ad habitum, eſt etiam ſecunda quæ eſt ad functionem: illa remotior, hæc propinquior. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ea quæ eſt ad <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, non ſine tranſmutatione & perpeſsione ſubiecti reducitur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſiue per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2232"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe ſit eius tranſmutationis terminus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpeſsionis, ſiue illas conſequatur: de his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motuum <lb></lb>differentiis abundè anteà <expan abbr="diſtinctũ">diſtinctum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Nam, verbigratia, forma & habitus in prædicamento ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ per antecedentem <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> contrahitur, (ſi vera ſunt ea quę <expan abbr="cõcluſimus">concluſimus</expan> olim) vt eius <lb></lb>per ſe terminus: virtus pręcedente perpeſsione partis appetitricis & ipſa paratur, at non eſt illius <lb></lb>perpeſsionis terminus per ſe, ſed comitatur ipſi. </s> <s>At verò ea quæ eſt ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm, nullam <lb></lb>per ſe tranſmutationem & perpeſsionem poſtulat in ſubiecto cui paratur, ſed ſi fortè in alio, ob <lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> non ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, ſed ad ſalutem ordinatur, & perfectionem. </s> <s>Cauſſa talis differentiæ <lb></lb>hinc emanaſſe videtur, quae poteſtas illa prima ſemper eſt cum priuatione & interna repugnantia <lb></lb>quàm, ſi noua forma debeat aduenire, expelli ſit neceſſe. </s> <s>hîc nulla repugnantia, ſed ſi quid eſt <lb></lb>quod ſecundùm <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> ad actum ſuum ipſius <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> deduci prohibeat, id <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> extrinſecus eſt, <lb></lb>& alienum. </s> <s>Quò fit, vt tranſmutationis illius perficientis vniuerſa radix alio nitatur. </s> <s>Quoniam <lb></lb>verò poteſtati patibili neceſſariò quoque actuoſam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> reſpondere oportet, ac ſuam <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> in <lb></lb>ſuo genere conuenire. </s> <s>Quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtate eſt, ab alio fieri debet, & ad actum ſuum traduci, <lb></lb>quod actu <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt, etiam actuoſa poteſtas hîc erit duplex, altera quæ traducit poteſtatem primam <pb pagenum="348"></pb>ad primum <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> generantis eſt, hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt quod aufert à materia <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõtrarias">contrarias</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2233"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>affectiones, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> nouas inducit, quæ cum futura forma conſentiant, altera, quæ ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm <lb></lb>promouet <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> iam <expan abbr="contractã">contractam</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm verò ſecunda potentia per ſe ſemper eſſet in actu, niſi <lb></lb>adforet <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſublato protinus ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſuum deducitur: hoc ergo, quod amouebit <lb></lb><expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, illud erit quod <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> prouehet ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ipſius proprium. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>in eo quod eſt in poteſtate ſecunda, nulla præceſsit affectio, ſed mutatio ſolum quę perfectionem <lb></lb>apportat, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>pendet ab alio & <expan abbr="amotionẽ">amotionem</expan> impedimenti conſequitur; hîc duplex intercedit ratio <lb></lb>motus, prima ſanè eius qui per ſe eſt, quando remouetur prohibens; altera quæ per accidens; <expan abbr="qũ">quamuis</expan> <lb></lb>obice ſublato ſecunda poteſtas ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſuum traducta eſt. </s> <s>primus verè motus eſt, ſecundus <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>mutatio. </s> <s>Quod igitur tollit impedimentum. </s> <s>hoc per ſe mouet: illud verò, quod eſt in potentia <lb></lb>ſecunda, per accidens. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt mutatio è poteſtate ſecunda in <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> actum vniuerſa fortuita ſit, <lb></lb>& ex accidente: tum quod accidit actui primo non prodire in opus: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> impeditur, & à cur<lb></lb>ſu naturæ ſuæ deflectitur, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd occaſio motus vniuerſa proficiſcitur ab externo. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi mutatio hæc efficit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in elemento iam genito; ſequitur illud, vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> fortuitò <lb></lb>moueatur, & per accidens, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab eo deſcendit, quod eſt per accidens, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> per accidens ſit, ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſibi <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> <expan abbr="effectuumq́">effectuumque</expan>. </s> <s>modis certa ſimilitudine reſpondentibus, & eò magis, quò re <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2234"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motius eſt ab efficiente primo. </s> <s>Ita vt ſi motus elemento genito per ſe tribuendus ſit, eo nomine is <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2235"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illi conueniat, quae <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>, & actu cum ſit, excipiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: <lb></lb>quanuis quae ita moueatur, ſit in illo per accidens. </s> <s>Neutra tamen ex his eſt vera poteſtas <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mutatur, aut mouetur elementum. </s> <s>Sed adeſt tertia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> quam certè, an ambiguè <expan abbr="poteſta-tẽ">poteſta<lb></lb>tem</expan>, an <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſubitam <expan abbr="quãdã">quandam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ eſt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> & eſſentia motus, & in eius ſumpta definitione <lb></lb>ſtatuamus, <expan abbr="incertũ">incertum</expan> adhuc eſt. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> propriè videtur eſſe ad <expan abbr="cõtradicentia">contradicentia</expan>: hæc <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> definita <lb></lb>eſſet, & attingeret <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> verò quæ <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt cum actu <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan>, philoſophus ambiguè <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ap<lb></lb>pellat, cuiuſmodi eſt in rebus neceſſariis, immobilibus, & ab omni mortali concretione ſecretis, <lb></lb>Inſuper hæc quæ ad mobilia pertinet, logica quædam eſſe videtur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naturalis, quod, n. </s> <s>eſt, <lb></lb>eſſe poſſe, ſi minus, non eſſet: ita videtur eſſe, quoniam illi quod eſt, non repugnet eſſe poſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quod alioqui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, non eſt, & quod iam eſt, non amplius eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ne for<lb></lb>tè ſimul obnoxium ſit contradicentibus. </s> <s>Ob id aut poteſtas hæc illa eſt quæ iam eſt vltima, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ita cum actu coniuncta, non vt conſeruetur actu præſente; ſed, vt <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> illius eſſe ſit primum <lb></lb>eſſe actus, quod ſanè puncto <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> obiri docuimus ante aut ſi ipſa quoquo pacto conſeruatur, <lb></lb>ea ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> manet, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, veluti remanet in denario ternio. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2236"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quae <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> talis poteſtas in natura ſit, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>prima & præcipua <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> protinus energia <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem <lb></lb>perfecta <expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan>, ſatis conſtat è definitione poteſtatis actuoſæ, quippe quae ea ſit quæ <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> agere <lb></lb>ſic ſe habente patibili: at id ita intelligitur vel auctore, <expan abbr="eodemq.">eodemque</expan> interprete Ariſtotele, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nullo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2237"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="externorũ">externorum</expan> prohibente. </s> <s>Nam ſi minus, non eſſet ita ſe habens patibile, vt in ipſum <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> ageret. <lb></lb></s> <s>Videtur item eſſe illa quæ coniuncta cum actu <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt, ſed illo imperfecto quæ <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan> <lb></lb>in definitione motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi adeſt vltima illa poteſtas quæ <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt cum eſſe primo actus. </s> <s>non <lb></lb>eſt amplius opus actrice facultate: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> res eſt, nec amplius fit. </s> <s>At verò ſi ita eſt: quo pacto ni<lb></lb>hil, aut <expan abbr="adiungendũ">adiungendum</expan>, aut auferendum, aut <expan abbr="immutandũ">immutandum</expan>, quod accipitur in eius poteſtatis explica<lb></lb>tione, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> liquet ex illis ipſis verbis? </s> <s>“Sic in eo quod ſanatur, cùm eorum nihil prohi<lb></lb>bet quæ ſunt in ipſo, poteſtas eſt, ſic eſt & aliquid potentia domus.” Nam ſi nihil eorum quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>in hoc, & in materia, prohibeat, vt domus fiat, neque <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ſit adiungendum, aut auferendum, <lb></lb>aut mutandum .i. </s> <s>potentia domus, & tum agendi officio fungitur agens. </s> <s>Dicam equidem quod <lb></lb>ſentio. </s> <s>Poteſtatem illam proximam eſſe quę, cùm ſit vltima, idem eſt cum primo eſſe actus: hæc <lb></lb>.n. per ſeipſam alio principio non eget, vt fiat id quod vult eſſe, quod neceſſariò requiritur ad <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2238"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſtitutionẽ">ſtitutionem</expan> huiuſce poteſtatis; ita dicente Ariſtotele, & <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> illius aperiente. </s> <s>Et ſemen <lb></lb><expan abbr="nondũ">nondum</expan> potentia dicitur. </s> <s>ſit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in alio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mutetur oportet, quando verò per <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> principium iam <lb></lb>tale eſt, id iam potentia eſt. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> alio principio indiget; veluti terra nondum eſt potentia ſta<lb></lb>tua, ſi mutabitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aes erit. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inquam ego, eſt iam potentia ſtatua. </s> <s>Quòd ſi dicas, tum <lb></lb>non eſſe opus efficiente, iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe erit ipſa res quæ fiebat. </s> <s>tum etiam quae Ariſtoteles inquit, fieri <lb></lb>tum <expan abbr="domũ">domum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ſtatuã">ſtatuam</expan>, cùm eſt materia proxima quæ <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ipſam adhuc in actu imperfecto, & motu <lb></lb>eſſe ſignificare videntur. </s> <s>Dico tunc Ariſtotelem ſpectaſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eius poteſtatis, ſi non re, ſaltem <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="diſiunctã">diſiunctam</expan> ab actu, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>modo <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> eſſe per ſe ad <expan abbr="domũ">domum</expan>, aut ſtatuam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> efficiens accepiſ<lb></lb>ſe ſub ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, qua efficiens eſt, & quę facit, vt efficiendi vi determinetur: hęc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in eo poſita eſt, <lb></lb>vt exhibeatur forma rei quę fiebat. </s> <s>quæ ſanè <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr="trãſmutationis">tranſmutationis</expan>, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm indiuiduo <lb></lb>conſiſtat, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> illi accidit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> reliquis functionibus perfectis, vt ſimul fiat & ſit, & ſic efficiens <expan abbr="eo-dẽ">eo<lb></lb>dem</expan> puncto temporis faciat, & fecerit, non ſanè, quin anteà ſubſtantia fieret: etenim & prius ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia gignebatur, ſed <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> verè fit, cùm adeſt iam <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="complemẽtũ">complementum</expan>, & forma <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> pręſentatur; <lb></lb>cętera <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omnia ſunt propter ipſam. </s> <s>Ita propriè fit domus, cùm accedit eius forma: hæc verò vl <pb pagenum="349"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2239"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>timum eſt vniuerſi motus, & tum verè operatur efficiens ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſuam, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> præbet <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan>, & iam tranſmutatio præceſsit. </s> <s>Sic & in eo puncto maximè opus eſt præſentia efficientis, & <lb></lb>tum optimè fieri de re ipſa quę fiebat, hoc eſt, tranſmutabatur anteà, prædicatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi potentia <lb></lb>proxima tum eſt, cùm iam <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> fuerit ablatum. (huc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ego vt venirem, longius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>volebam, fluxit oratio) id igitur, quod aufert impedimentum, deducet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> primum actum in po<lb></lb>tentiam proximam, quòd ſi id omne per accidens efficit, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> & potentia proxima pendere po<lb></lb>terit à cauſſa fortuita, & per accidens quæ item ſuapte natura ſit incerta & infinita, quod etiam <lb></lb>infrà dilucidius enarrabitur; nam de his iam ſatis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2231"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2232"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2233"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2234"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2235"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2236"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2237"></margin.target>b 9. Met. <lb></lb>ſecundum <lb></lb>Alexan. <lb></lb>Tt. </s> <s>cc. 9. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2238"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2239"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De prohibente, & remouente prohibens. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO cùm res ipſa fiat ibi actu, vbi amotum ſit omne impedimentum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ab re fuerit, ſi vnde naſcatur <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, à quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> amoueatur, hoc loco verba facia<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Prohibens verò generatim id appellamus, quod non permittit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> conſequi finem <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan>, <lb></lb>& obſtat curſui naturæ quæ per ſe tendit in <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>: hoc verò eſt & in ortu & interitu, vita & mor<lb></lb>te, incremento & decremento, & demum in omni genere mutationis. </s> <s>Finis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> naturæ duplex eſt, <lb></lb>primus & pręcipuus qui eſt ipſa functio, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> lib. 3. copiosè demonſtratum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2240"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ob id forma producitur. </s> <s>non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> animalia vident, vt habeant viſum, ſed <expan abbr="visũ">visum</expan> <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan>, vt videant: <lb></lb>ſimiliter vt ædificent, & <expan abbr="contẽplentur">contemplentur</expan>, ædificandi & <expan abbr="contemplãdi">contemplandi</expan> facultatem obtinuerunt. </s> <s>Eſt & <lb></lb>forma quæ & ipſa primus finis eſt, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi primum forma ſuperuenit, ab opere natura deſiſtit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter hîc duplicem <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> finem aduertere poſsis: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quidem <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan>, perfectum, & <lb></lb>omnibus ſuis numeris & partibus <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan> quæ eſt ipſa functio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> qui quidem finis eſt <lb></lb>tranſmutationis quæ eſt ipſa forma, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> natura producit, vt ocioſa quieſcat, ſed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>quæquam amplius facit natura, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt inducat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc primùm producta fuerit, ſtatim <lb></lb>præſtò eſt ipſa functio, niſi quid obſtet. </s> <s>Neque id ſecus euertit in natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi medicus præ<lb></lb>ſtantiſsimus accerſitus ſit ab optima fęmina, vt ſibi natiuum <expan abbr="ſuccũ">ſuccum</expan>, & genuinum <expan abbr="colorẽ">colorem</expan> reſtituat; <lb></lb>ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prius optimè corpus à vitioſis humoribus purgat, & ipſi <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> reficit <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, hunc poſtmo<lb></lb>dò conſequitur color optatus, & color ipſe finis eſt, & habitus bonus. </s> <s>ille quidem, quia intendi<lb></lb>tur & exoptatur à fœmina, vt <expan abbr="honeſtã">honeſtam</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> pręſeferat: hic verò <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> operationis medicę finis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> poteſt impediri natura, tum eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> quo producit, ne ad <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> perducat; tum etiam, <lb></lb>poſtquàm producta res eſt, ne ſuo munere fungatur. </s> <s>Sic fit vt ortus & interitus <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="violẽtur">violentur</expan>, vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2241"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ortus acceleretur, veluti deſtillatis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> humoribus ex pingui materia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iis ſemini<lb></lb>bus maceratis, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> producatur in longius, & fiant <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cruditates <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> imperfectę ge<lb></lb>nerationis; humanę vitę periodus gladio præpeditur: tabe corporis diminutio contrahitur, & <lb></lb>atrophia: necnon lapis qui ſuopte impulſu procideret humi, ſuper laqueari manet ſuſpenſus; <lb></lb>quas omneis mutationeis præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & <expan abbr="violẽtas">violentas</expan> Ariſtoteles appellauit, <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>diſtinxit à natu<lb></lb>ralibus, quas nuncupauit fataleis, quae certum cauſſarum <expan abbr="nexũ">nexum</expan> conſequi viderentur. </s> <s>In motu verò <lb></lb>elementi <expan abbr="prohibẽs">prohibens</expan> eſt cauſſa quietis pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, violentę & fortuitę. </s> <s>Quanquam iudicio meo, <lb></lb>magna differentia eſt impedientium naturæ curſum, dum ipſa tendit ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ac dum conatur <lb></lb>agere quicquam: quippe quae dum tendit ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, præſtò eſt <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, quod intrinſecum eſt <lb></lb>& familiare rei quæ tranſmutatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="definitũ">definitum</expan> & per ſe, cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod per ſe fit, ex contra<lb></lb>rio fiat (ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contrarij termini à quo & ad quem, ex quibus conſtat <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> motus, qui termi<lb></lb>natur forma quę in vno reponitur è quatuor prædicamentis <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> quæ fit motus) hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in ſe <lb></lb>ipſo continet <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> formæ futuræ, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> & affectionem ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quę pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2242"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ducenda eſt: contraria verò ſunt illa in quibus poteſtas propinqua collocatur, propter quam, <lb></lb>dum contrarium priuilegio oppoſitionis afficiunt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab ipſo viciſsim perpetiuntur, in quo vires <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> contrarij retundi neceſſe ſit. </s> <s>Hinc fit, vt impediatur efficiens, quominus inducat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cupit exhibere materiæ. </s> <s>Sed eo <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> cunctatur, donec <expan abbr="dominatũ">dominatum</expan> fuerit alteri <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan>, & quaſi <lb></lb>poſſeſsionem materię cęperit. </s> <s>Ex hac pugna producitur motus, & aliquod <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> produ<lb></lb>ctione conſumitur. </s> <s>Nam cęteroqui natura, ſi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> offenderet ſiue contrario, profectò <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <lb></lb>puncto <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> rem abſolueret, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fieri ſupra docuimus, vbi materia cunctis impedi<lb></lb>mentis amotis ad <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> poteſtatem redacta eſt, & anteà, cùm ſubitarum mutationum cauſſas <lb></lb>reddidimus. </s> <s>Ab hac etiam cauſſa reſiſtentia deriuatur, ſucceſsio item, & continuatio motus, qui<lb></lb>bus ademptis nullus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> motus eſſet, ſed omnia mutatio. </s> <s>At verò impedimentum quod obſiſtit <lb></lb>energiæ, totum <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> eſt per accidens & infinitum. </s> <s>Ipſa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura per ſe prodiret in opus, & <lb></lb>optimè ſuo munere fungeretur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo quidem perpetuò, niſi quicquam prohiberet: intrinſe<lb></lb>cùs verò non prohibetur: proptereaque eius ingenium tale eſt, vt ſit in actu ſecundo, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>per ac<lb></lb>cidens inſit, quae ad eiuſmodi <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> non ſit promota, ſed ab extrinſeco ortum ducit; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>per acci<lb></lb>dens, & quanuis ad hoc valeant oppoſitiones actuum ſecundorum, vt actu frigidi & vaporis, vn <pb pagenum="350"></pb>de, cùm cęperit aſcendere dicitur; nihilominus, antequàm vis agentis habeat ius in materiam, id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2243"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eſt <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> & <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, vtpote <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> actus externi <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> vel leui cauſſa excuti poſsint. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò extrinſecùs <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> hoc eſſe <expan abbr="credendũ">credendum</expan> eſt, quae organum <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> ſit, vt ſi pupilla vi<lb></lb>ſuro fuerit eruta; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> functio non eſt ipſius formæ ſolùm, ſed totius coniuncti, tum verò pri<lb></lb>uatum eſt altera parte ſine qua non conſiſtit forma: quocirca non modò non cernit, verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>caret facultate cernendi: fit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex vtente & inſtrumento vnum, vel per contactum, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> virtualem <lb></lb>nuncupo, vel communicationem motus, vt ex manu & baculo, vel <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ τὴν οὐσιώδη σύμφυσιν</foreign>, <lb></lb>ideſt, <expan abbr="coniunctionẽ">coniunctionem</expan> eſſentialem, quæ multiplex eſt, vel inhęſionis, vt accidentis cum ſubſtantia, <lb></lb>vel habitudinis ex aliquo primo, vt virtutis quæ ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> materiæ per medium, <lb></lb>& ſpeciei ſenſilis cum obiecto (ſiquidem hæc referantur ab Ariſtotele in habitudine) vel vt ma<lb></lb>teriæ cum forma, qualis eſt corporis animati cum animo, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt non vtentis, ſed vt finis, & eius <lb></lb>quod pendet ex fine: vtens <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propter ſe ipſum vtitur; at finis alteri citra propriam <expan abbr="vtilitatẽ">vtilitatem</expan> be<lb></lb>neficium facere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & eſſe propter illud, vt in cęlo & mente contingit: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mens ſibi lucratur <lb></lb>ex motu cęleſti. </s> <s>At quòd excludatur officio, infinitum prorſus eſt. </s> <s>Sic ne videam prohibet ma<lb></lb>nus oppoſita fronti, nubes inter me & ſolem intercedens, etiam tenebræ; <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan>, prohibe<lb></lb>tur lapis ne ruat, à columna, ab homine, à contrario, veluti cùm aqua quæ <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> contraxit, ma<lb></lb>net ſuſpenſa, ac ſublimis in ſecunda aëris regione <expan abbr="cõmoratur">commoratur</expan>. </s> <s>Quanquam hæc impediunt <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2244"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>, latius accepta contrarij poteſtate, <expan abbr="eaq.">eaque</expan> per actum & virtutem diſtributa facilè defendi <lb></lb>poſsit vim <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> obtinere contrariorum. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti leue <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> ſumitur ab Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2245"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura, ſcilicet & ſitu, veluti cùm ſuſpenſum quid eſt, vt alter pes in ambulando, ſic & quod depri<lb></lb>mit leue, <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> inducere videbitur, & quod retinet in ſublimi <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan>, & vt puto, ad efficiens <lb></lb>de genere priuátium de quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> meminit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> optimè referuntur: faciunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ne ſit hoc, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2246"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm cęteroquin alterum illud <expan abbr="impedimentorũ">impedimentorum</expan> genus quod reſpicit habitum & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <lb></lb>ſubiecto conſiſtit, cum materia numerare liceat; tametſi actu <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ſunt propter formam quæ <lb></lb>conſeruatur adhuc, quia tum obſtant ſuſceptioni formæ contrariæ, ſuſceptio verò pertinet ad <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>, & tranſmutationis ſubiecto fundatur; ad ipſum probè reducuntur, cauſſæ tamen priuan<lb></lb>tes. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> includitur in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ipſam impedimenti <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> propter ea verba, “vbi non ſic ſe habeat pati<lb></lb>bile vt <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> excipere queat ab agente.” Sicut <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> impedimentum duplex eſt per ſe, & per ac<lb></lb>cidens, definitum & indefinitum; ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> remouens ipſum eſt per ſe & per accidens; definitum <lb></lb>& indefinitum, <expan abbr="conſimiliq.">conſimilique</expan> ratione cum impedimento procedit. </s> <s>Nam contrarium quod in ge<lb></lb>neratione ſuperat, impedimenta per ſe tollit: itaque generatio definita ex dominio qualitatum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2247"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actuoſarum; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiquidem actus oppoſitos deſtruat qui inerant in materia quam afficit, & immu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2248"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tat, & alia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ obices huiuſmodi <expan abbr="pellũt">pellunt</expan> præter illud, id remotè faciunt & per ipſum, hoc eſt, <lb></lb>ipſius virtute fulcta, & ipſius gratia, tanquam inſtrumenta; veluti cùm ars auferat impedimen<lb></lb>tum, vt Chymica tum efficit, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> admouet, actuoſa principia patibilibus, ideſt contraria con<lb></lb>trariis: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea ſunt, quæ vim habent agendi & patiendi viciſsim. </s> <s>Sic medicina deducit ad <expan abbr="ſa-nitatẽ">ſa<lb></lb>nitatem</expan> obſtantia remouendo; reuera non ea primo tollens, verùm naturæ ipſius gratia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt il<lb></lb>lius inſtrumentum; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam à medicis præſtantiſsimis naturæ miniſtra nuncupata, & <lb></lb>omnes illę artes quę faciunt alterando: cùm cęterę vel transfigurando, vel ſubtrahendo, vel ad<lb></lb>dendo, vel <expan abbr="cõponendo">componendo</expan> efficiat. </s> <s>Dum igitur afficiunt materiam, perpetuò contrariis vtuntur, illa <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> igni ad <expan abbr="terrũ">terrum</expan> molliendum, aqua ad temperandum; hęc ad <expan abbr="vitrũ">vitrum</expan> conficiendum terra, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>aliis <expan abbr="herbarũ">herbarum</expan> ſuccis, qui fortè in ſe <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> viſcoſitatem. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt in aliis tranſmu<lb></lb>tationibus naturalibus. </s> <s>Alterum genus amouentium <expan abbr="impedimẽta">impedimenta</expan> per accidens & infinitum eſt, <lb></lb>veluti diximus. </s> <s>Nam & equus excutiendo columnam pręcipitat tectum, & faber demolitur, & <lb></lb>hoſtes, & terræ motus deiiciunt, & ipſe lapis frangit <expan abbr="funẽ">funem</expan>, cui erat appenſus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt hoc quod remouet, ſed & modi quibus impedimenta illa tolluntur, indefiniti, & totidem for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2249"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>taſſe, quot ſunt modi impedientium cauſſarum. </s> <s>Quanuis abſurdum non ſit habendum, ſi illa iti<lb></lb>dem in oppoſitione reponamus, vt diximus. </s> <s>Quandoquidem actio & affectio quatenus huiuſ<lb></lb>modi oppoſitionem quandam, ſi non formaliter, vt dici ſolet, virtute <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> pręſeferre videantur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etiam tollunt actus oppoſitos, & auferunt cauſſas à quibus actus illi oppoſiti proficiſcun<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Exemplig. </s> <s>graue eſt, quod manet in loco ſuperiore contra naturam: habet hoc tum actum <lb></lb>eius quod eſt leue, & id quod remouet prohibens, tollit <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> actum qui leuis eſt, eſt verò <expan abbr="cõtrarius">contrarius</expan> <lb></lb>hic actui grauis, quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id præſtat, videtur in ſe continere virtutem grauitatis. </s> <s>Ita quod <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> <lb></lb>ab aqua propellit, ipſi videtur quodammodò dare grauitatem, ſed tamen quia non proximè, ſed <lb></lb>per aliud, & hoc nunc, aliud alias efficit, actu graue, tanquam indefinitum reputabitur, & quem<lb></lb>admodum frigus in antiperiſtaſi, quia frigus, non facit calorem, per accidens facere dicitur, & <lb></lb>præter naturæ ordinem: ſic de remouente prohibens hoc loco dicere oportet. </s> <s>Verùm quid pro<lb></lb>hibens, & quid remouens, <expan abbr="quotq́">quotque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> modi ſint generatim ſatis hactenus oſtendiſſe opinor. </s> <s><pb pagenum="351"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2250"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2240"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2241"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2242"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2243"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2244"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2245"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>inceſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2246"></margin.target>b 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2247"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2248"></margin.target>c 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2249"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2250"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſiſtentię ſpecies exponuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB impedimento reſiſtentia naſcitur, à qua mox exoritur motus. </s> <s>hæc item pro ratione impe<lb></lb>dimenti multiplex ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Quare proximum eſt, vt doceam de reſiſtentiæ modis: <lb></lb>hinc verò diſputationis noſtræ ſumetur exordium. </s> <s>Cùm igitur impedimentum ſit vel per ſe, vel <lb></lb>per accidens: pari <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratione reſiſtentia cum per ſe, tum per accidens erit. </s> <s>Primùm verò de <lb></lb>reſiſtentia per ſe diſſeramus. </s> <s>Hæc tribuitur & animatis & inanimis: ſed nos eam primo loco <expan abbr="con-tẽplabimur">con<lb></lb>templabimur</expan> quæ pertinet ad inanima. </s> <s>Nunc, ſi oppoſitio eſt talis reſiſtentiæ cauſſa, & exinde ſuc<lb></lb>ceſsionis in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, ex qua fit motus, profectò ij qui nullam in elemento <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan> internam po<lb></lb>nunt, ſi id abſolutè accipiant, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſeparent ipſum, vbi <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt à ſe, dum generatur, haud ſatis <lb></lb>tutam <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> profitentur. </s> <s>Eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> elementum, poſtquàm <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt, nullam prorſus habere <expan abbr="reſi-ſtentiã">reſi<lb></lb>ſtentiam</expan>, aut ſucceſsionis <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> cauſſam, quia poſtquàm materia parata eſt, & <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> <lb></lb>efficientis ope ſibi vendicauit, iam facta ſit ſuæ formæ poſſeſsio, & in id quò ipſam forma ducit, <lb></lb>contendat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> nitatur, at, cùm gignitur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, & aliquid ſupereſt adhuc contrarię qualitatis, <lb></lb>ea verò ſequitur veterem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, licet ad <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> ſuopte ingenio tendat; tamen adhuc à vetere poſ<lb></lb>ſidetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex dominio formę quod eſt naturale. (quòd <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perfectiori ſeruiat imperfectius, na<lb></lb>turale eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id in materia erga <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non ſine magno iudicio notabat Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>) etiam ver<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2251"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2252"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>git <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, quo vetus forma vergebat, vt ſi ab eo quod <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> formam producit, aliquando deſera<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cudatur aſsiduè; facilè admodum ſit <expan abbr="priſtinã">priſtinam</expan> recuperare naturam, vt in ferro <expan abbr="cãdente">candente</expan> & <lb></lb>aqua feruente perſpicitur. </s> <s>non video cur & in re quæ gignitur, interna ſucceſsionis cauſſa non <lb></lb>ſit ponenda; primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> propter generationem quam priore libro <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> continere do<lb></lb>cuimus, deinde propter ipſum vbi quod in generatione rei profectus ſubſtantię comes eſt. </s> <s>Sic fit, <lb></lb>vt maneat ignis, quouſque terra non fuerit abſoluta, & moueatur adhuc operans ſecundùm eius <lb></lb>formæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quam deinceps ſibi <expan abbr="cõtrahit">contrahit</expan>, imperfectè <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> perfectè, cùm ſimul terra facta <lb></lb>eſt, & ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> peruénit, vbi motu ceſſante ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quieſcit. </s> <s>Multò magis in altera<lb></lb>tione, vbi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> euidentior eſt <expan abbr="cõtrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> natura, ſpectatur ea ſucceſsio, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt propter <expan abbr="oppoſi-tionẽ">oppoſi<lb></lb>tionem</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> generationi <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ex <expan abbr="euẽto">euento</expan> fuerit à cęteris philoſophis <expan abbr="attributũ">attributum</expan>. </s> <s>auctio <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> & di<lb></lb>minutio, quae ab ortu & interitu <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteratione reapſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſeparantur, <expan abbr="parẽ">parem</expan> <expan abbr="obtinẽt">obtinent</expan> reſiſtentiæ <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> fortaſſequantùm ad ſeipſas ſpectat, hoc eſt ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua ſunt motus <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, licet in earum <lb></lb>terminis oppoſitio reperiatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nos <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστασιαν</foreign> eſſe <expan abbr="oſtẽdemus">oſtendemus</expan>, quatenus <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, qua<lb></lb>tenus verò forma vel <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> & <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>, in iis <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> agendi facultas propriè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ineſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2253"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quapropter <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla vis <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="reſiſtẽdi">reſiſtendi</expan> citra <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> & qualitatem. </s> <s>Nam quae propter <expan abbr="quãtitatis">quantitatis</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> cuius termini per eas mutationeis acquiruntur, nulla per ſe ſucceſsio reperiatur, ea quę <lb></lb>proximo ab hoc capite dicemus, facilè <expan abbr="demõſtrabunt">demonſtrabunt</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> verò eſt de <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> <expan abbr="motib9">motibus</expan>. <expan abbr="Attule-rũt">Attule<lb></lb>runt</expan> & alij <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> internæ <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtiæ">reſiſtentiæ</expan> in animalibus, de qua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hic locus admonet, vt <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan> <lb></lb>dicamus, ne ſic accipiatur à nobis, vt à vulgo imperitis, & ſimilibus <expan abbr="imperitorũ">imperitorum</expan> philoſophis vſur<lb></lb>pari conſueuit. </s> <s>Porrò animal ipſum <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> habet <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, alterum quidem, quà corpus eſt natu<lb></lb>rale, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, quà eſt animal. </s> <s>ac rurſus, quatenus animal eſt, in eo duplex motus agnoſcitur; <lb></lb>alter ſanè, qui eſt totius, hic verò progreſſus appellatur: alter autem qui <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> proprius eſt. </s> <s>Et il<lb></lb>le <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> naturalis eſt, quem efficit animal totum. </s> <s>At is qui <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> eſt, partim ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, partim contrà. </s> <s>Cùm hoc ſit: animal aut mouetur, quà corpus naturale ſimpliciter, & tum, <lb></lb>quia conſtat ex elementis, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> cętera inanima, prout in ipſis ratio reſiſtentiæ fuerit, aut <lb></lb>non: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in animali ipſo continget. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dum generabitur <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan> planè erit internæ re<lb></lb>ſiſtentiæ; poſtquàm genitum fuerit, miſtum illud <expan abbr="ſpectandũ">ſpectandum</expan> eſt, an ex eo, quae motus miſti fiat ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2254"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> quod in miſtura dominatur, ſimplex ſit nec'ne. </s> <s>Nam ſi fuerit ſimplex, vt ar<lb></lb>bitrantur nonnulli, profectò <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> elementum nulla interna reſiſtentia præditum eſt: ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> miſtum. </s> <s>ſi verò motus eius, vt opinor, ſimplex non eſt, ob <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõprehenſa">comprehenſa</expan> ſunt in ipſa miſtura, interna videtur adeſſe reſiſtentia. </s> <s>Ex quo fit, vt tanta non ſit mi<lb></lb>ſtorum celeritas, quanta <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> nullo in his intus exiſtente, quod naturalè eorum motum im<lb></lb>pediat: hîc verò contrauenientibus oppoſitis <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>, & <expan abbr="aliquãto">aliquanto</expan> ſerius, & minus directò <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> <lb></lb>agitetur, niſi fortè eueniat, vt ex miſtura maior ſpiſsitudo contrahatur, & coëant in <expan abbr="paruã">paruam</expan> molem <lb></lb>multæ partes elementi cuiuſpiam, velut in plumbo contingit: quocirca licèt ſub <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſit mole, <lb></lb>celerius & magis ad perpendiculum <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra concitatur. </s> <s>ita igitur animal, quatenus mixtum, in<lb></lb>ternam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reſiſtentiam poſsidebit ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Cęterùm quatenus animal, quanuis <lb></lb>agitetur ſecundùm <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> dominans; non eſt motus ille naturæ <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> ſimplicis, ſed ab ali<lb></lb>quo affectu præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quodammodò violatæ, vel ab externo, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum phantaſia perturba<lb></lb>ta ſit; non minus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi ſaxum, quod alioqui ſuo curſu naturali deſcenderet, magna aliqua vi deor<lb></lb>ſum pelleretur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> foret eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> motus naturalis ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Et hîc etiam aliquo princi<lb></lb>pio non concurrente, ſi interna reſiſtentia ponator nihil repugnabit, opinor, vt ſi contrà vitatur <pb pagenum="352"></pb>impulſum, ſeu præcipitatum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi animal proprio motu concitetur; cùm, tametſi motus eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2255"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>totius, per parteis organicas adminiſtretur; <expan abbr="eaſq.">eaſque</expan> & miſtas, & inter ſe diuerſas, ſequetur etiam, vt <lb></lb>interna reſiſtentia ſit affectum. </s> <s>Extrinſeca item reſiſtentia ſolet obſeruari: hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> duplex eſt, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt medij ipſius ad mobile, aut mobilis ad mouens. </s> <s>Quę verò mobilis eſt ad mouens etiam <lb></lb>duiditur, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aut eſt ab <expan abbr="exuperãtia">exuperantia</expan> mobilis ad mouens, aut ab eo pendet ſuper quo fit motus, <lb></lb>vt ſiquis ambulet in arena. </s> <s>Illa item reſiſtentia quæ continet agentis exuperationem ad <expan abbr="patiẽs">patiens</expan>, <lb></lb>in duo membra pro <expan abbr="agentiũ">agentium</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diſtribuitur, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouet vel finis eſt, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> efficiens. </s> <s>nos hîc <lb></lb>cauſſam <expan abbr="efficientẽ">efficientem</expan> tractabimus, de fine poſthàc explicaturi. </s> <s>Quantùm ergo ad efficientem cauſ<lb></lb>ſam ſpectat, ea generalis habetur ratio mouendi, vt plus valeat mouens efficiendo, quae patiens reni<lb></lb>tendo. </s> <s>Inde à phyſicis, <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> ab æquali, aut moueri non proficiſci conſtitutum eſt. </s> <s>Quanuis & <lb></lb>hæc propoſitio temperanda ſit partim eo modo, quem lib. 3. ſignificauimus, vt ob inclinationem <lb></lb>materiæ, partim quae accipiat loco patientis non <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſimpliciter <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> actu deſtitutam, ſed adhuc <lb></lb>contrariis <expan abbr="implicatã">implicatam</expan>, ita vt mouens & mobile ſuum <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> retineat actum; proptereaquòd ma<lb></lb>teria nullam habeat <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> reſiſtendi formæ per ſe: cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aut qua ratione reſiſtat, ad <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <lb></lb>tota per ſe vergens; an'ne quatenus informata eſt? </s> <s>at cur non ſecum magis ipſæ formę pugnaue<lb></lb>rint? </s> <s>an'ne obſecrò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quatenus in materia manet forma? </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic prohibebit, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ipſam <lb></lb>magis eſſe <expan abbr="renitẽtem">renitentem</expan>? </s> <s>propter quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> tale eſt, & id magis tale ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>ſi ma<lb></lb>gis: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & magis per ſe, nam quod prius eſt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe magis eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> alterius, hoc eſt, patien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2256"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> violari oportet, id quod multipliciter euenire ſolet, vel quia transferatur in contrarium, <lb></lb>vel quia <expan abbr="nimiũ">nimium</expan>, & pręter naturæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>, ad ſuum <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> prouehatur, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fortaſſe tranſgrediatur <lb></lb>finem, nam niſi id accidat, quo robuſtius eſſet ipſum mouens, nihilo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> velocius ageretur id <lb></lb>quod mouetur, ac niſi virtus externa ſuperueniat; verùm ſuæ naturæ dimittatur <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>; <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>velocitate ſemper agitabitur, vt quanuis Hercules ipſe <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> amouerit, nihilo citius con<lb></lb>citetur. </s> <s>Id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> deſideratur, ne mobili facultas mouentis imprimatur, vt etiam abſente cauſſa <lb></lb>quæ mouebat, conſeruetur: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reddi videtur interna reſiſtentia. </s> <s>Si verò reſiſtentia ſpectetur <lb></lb>à nobis ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, qua reſpicit id ſuper quo fit motus: <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> animo <expan abbr="carẽs">carens</expan>, ſiue ſimplex fuerit, ſiue mi<lb></lb>ſtum, non habet intra ſe <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> ſuper quo per ſe nitatur; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars vna continua, & omnes ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſumma concordia tendunt, ſed ſi quo pacto nituntur, id <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> extrinſecum eſt, & ani<lb></lb>mal, vt puto, vel proximè, vel per vires quæ medio imprimuntur, vt in <expan abbr="proiectorũ">proiectorum</expan> motib. accidit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Animalia primùm in ſeipſis habent reſiſtentiam, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua ratione <expan abbr="diuidũtur">diuiduntur</expan> in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quæ mouetur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2257"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="&partẽ">&partem</expan> quæ manet: ſiquidem pars quæ mouetur, innitatur aſsiduè quieſcente, illa verò inferior <lb></lb>eſt, ſuperior altera. </s> <s>hoc eſt, diſtat illa magis à corde; vicinior eſt hæc altera. </s> <s>abſolutè verò extra <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2258"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe id adſit oportet ſuper quo nitatur, quae etiam neceſſe eſt animal immobili <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> niti, vel ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, vt ea quæ gradiuntur, vel quatenus in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> elementa media coacta <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſubeunt immobi<lb></lb>lis, ſic natant piſces in aquis, & in aëre volitant aues. </s> <s>Poſtrema eſt reſiſtentia medij, quandò nimi<lb></lb>rùm ſe facilè à mobili penetrari non patiatur, neque illi facilè cedat. </s> <s>ac niſi reſtiterit id ſuper quo <lb></lb>fit motus, & planè ſuſtinuerit quod ſuper eo mouetur, aut vix, aut ægrè fiet motus. </s> <s>Ex hoc ſequi<lb></lb>tur, vt difficilius in liquidis & iis quæ liquida imitantur, effici poſsit, niſi fortè tanta ſit velocitas <lb></lb>eius, quod mouetur, vt ſit vix ceſsioni locus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm lapillos ſuper aquę planum adhibita vi <lb></lb><expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> proiicimus; exiliunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tantiſper immerguntur. </s> <s>Et ij, qui in lubrico labi nolunt, accele<lb></lb>rant <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>; oritur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex oppreſsione prolapſio; requirit oppreſsio tempus; illud celeritas immi<lb></lb>nuit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> patitur eſſe ſenſile, & efficit, vt idem ſit <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> quo pars motus anterior finitur, & con<lb></lb>ſequens inchoatur: ita motus redditur vnus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> continuus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> celebratur à ſcriptoribus La<lb></lb>das, quae ita ſupra <expan abbr="cauũ">cauum</expan> <expan abbr="puluerẽ">puluerem</expan> curſitarit, vt arenis pendentibus nulla iudicia <expan abbr="veſtigiorũ">veſtigiorum</expan> reliquerit. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Inde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poëtę hyperbolicè <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> expreſſuri motum hunc <expan abbr="cõtinuũ">continuum</expan> ſuper liquidis, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2259"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſimilibus">conſimilibus</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> .i. </s> <s>iis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſuſtinent, <expan abbr="ponũt">ponunt</expan> ante oculos: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>in aquę ſuperficie fieret, & ſolido <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2260"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corpore <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt terra, vt videbatur, non inniteretur; volatus nomine ſignificarunt, & cùm id eſſet <lb></lb><expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan> corporum, velocitatem cum leuitate <expan abbr="commutarũt">commutarunt</expan>. </s> <s>Sic Homerus, dum <expan abbr="equarũ">equarum</expan> Dardani <expan abbr="per-nicitatẽ">per<lb></lb>nicitatem</expan> deſcriberet; <expan abbr="cursũ">cursum</expan> vocauit <expan abbr="volatũ">volatum</expan> Vergilius, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> laudes Camillę celebraret. </s> <s>inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ille.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2251"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. c. 60.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2252"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2253"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2254"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2255"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2256"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2257"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>inceſ. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2258"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2259"></margin.target>b Sol Pauſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2260"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἁι δ' ὁτε μὲν σκιρτῶεν ἀπὸ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν<lb></lb> Ἄκρον ἐπ' αἰθερίων καρπὸν θέον οὔτε κατέκλων.</foreign><lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἄλλ' ὁτε δὴ σκιρτῶνεν ἐπ' εὐρέα νῶτᾳ θαλάστησ<lb></lb> Ἄκρον ἀπὸ ρηγμῖνος ἀλὸς πολιο̂ιο θέεσκον</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ab hoc Vergilius, licet aliquantò mitius non aſſerens, vt Homerus, ſed optans indefinito tempo<lb></lb>re temperarit hyperbolen.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Illę vel intactę ſegetis per ſumma volaret</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Gramina; nec teneras curſu lęſiſſet ariſtas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vel mare per medium fluctu ſuſpenſa tumenti</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ferret iter: celeres nec tingeret æquore plantas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.” <pb pagenum="353"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2261"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Erat hoc in mirandis, quòd amicus quidam ſuper duobus ſcabellis, bicubiti ſpatio <expan abbr="diſtãtibus">diſtantibus</expan>, col<lb></lb>locaret duos cyathos vitreos, vel cotylas figlinas, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> hinc, alteram illinc, aqua ſemiplenas, & <expan abbr="fu-ſtẽ">fu<lb></lb>ſtem</expan> imponeret, qui ambobus extremis in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> cotyla inſiſteret, poſt magno impetu fuſte alio ro<lb></lb>buſtiore in medio feriens <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> frangeret, cyathi tamen non concuterentur, nec effunderetur aqua, <lb></lb>ne dum frangerentur. </s> <s>cauſſa quęrebatur huius euenti, eam, cùm ex eiſdem principiis deſcendat; <lb></lb>ac ſuperiora problemata; libuit etiam hoc loco philoſophandi gratia ſubſcribere. </s> <s>Fuſtis qui <lb></lb>imponitur, eſt aridus & fragilis, & eius craſsitiei, vt à grauiore ictus facilè ſuperetur, cuius <expan abbr="fra-ctionẽ">fra<lb></lb>ctionem</expan> adiuuat, quae extremis paullulum inſiſtens, idem propè eſt, àc ſi maneat in aëre ſuſpenſus; vn<lb></lb>de etiam <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> plagam accipit, à nullo adiutus, quod vnà percutientis <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> retundat, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> monſtrat Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi cauſſam reddit, cur laborioſius brachio ſit inanem iactaſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2262"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>manum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cum lapide. </s> <s>& cùm ſit aliquantò productior; ob eam cauſſam ob quam productiores <lb></lb>haſtæ facilius vibrantur, quàm breues: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> virtus extentior, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>debilior. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> adſunt om<lb></lb>nes cauſſæ, quæ amplificent fragilitatem; ictus maior, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> celerior, in medio, quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuapte na<lb></lb>tura debilius eſt extremis, quippe quae plus diſtet à principiis ſuſtinentibus, vt docuit Ariſtoteles. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cùm igitur vehementiſsimus ſit, & celerrimus ictus, etiam celerrima fractio conſequitur, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2263"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fiat de loco ſuperiore, medias parteis <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> celeritate deprimit; cùm illis propter <expan abbr="continuitatẽ">continuitatem</expan> pa<lb></lb>riter attolluntur extrema; ideò ſpatium non ſupereſt oppreſsioni vaſium in quibus eſt aqua. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2264"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig1"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inde <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> franguntur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tantiſper quatiuntur. </s> <s>AA. ſcabella duo, BB. duæ cotylæ; baculus <lb></lb>integer CC. D. medium, & locus ictus, CD. DC. duæ partes baculi. </s> <s>Ex his efficitur, vt quo <lb></lb>medium ſit craſsius, aut denſius, per id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus ægrius obeatur. </s> <s>inde per aërem citius, quàm <lb></lb>per aquas animalia mouentur, & facilius in aqua dulci, quàm in falſa merguntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dum oleę <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõdiũtur">condiuntur</expan> exploraturi ſatis'ne ſalis <expan abbr="impoſitũ">impoſitum</expan> ſit, obſeruamus enatent'ne oua: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi minus aliud <expan abbr="ſal-adũcimus">ſal <lb></lb>adiicimus</expan>, donec <expan abbr="enatẽt">enatent</expan>. </s> <s>Et hæc ipſa <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtia">reſiſtentia</expan> in motu <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> cauſſa eſt ſucceſsionis & <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2261"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2262"></margin.target>a 4. Seſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>probl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2263"></margin.target>b <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mech. <lb></lb>16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2264"></margin.target>B</s></p> <figure id="fig1"></figure> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur an fiat motus in vacuo. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI etiam interna reſiſtentia facit, vt mobile per ſe moueatur, & habeat <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan>; ergo & ani<lb></lb>malia & mixta & elementa, dum generantur, cùm intus obtineant, quod reſiſtat, per inane <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poterunt <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> ſpatio concitari. </s> <s>Sic fiet, vt Ariſtotelica demonſtratio 4. naturalis auſcul<lb></lb>tationis allata pertineat ſolùm ad corpora ſimplicia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem, <expan abbr="poſteaq̃">poſteaquam</expan> genita fuerint: ſo<lb></lb>la <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc carent interna reſiſtentia, veluti ſuprà dictum eſt. </s> <s>Quod ſanè pronunciamus ita, perſpe<lb></lb>ctis ſolùm vacui meritis <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mobilis, <expan abbr="cęteriſq́">cęteriſque</expan>. </s> <s>dimiſsis quibus vacuum ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="confutatũ">confutatum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2265"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, & id præſertim, quod infinitum antiquiores philoſophi poſuerant. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi nulli ſint ter<lb></lb>mini motus; cùm etiam nulla vis ab aliquo mouente impreſſà: quippe quæ ſine contactu & ſine <lb></lb>medio <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> nequeat, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>multa deſint quæ motus neceſſariò requirit, planum quae à natu<lb></lb>ra vacuum abhorrebit. </s> <s>Nos igitur hæc a ſermone noſtro ſegregamus; illud agimus quod accipit <lb></lb><expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> & mobile nuda, & <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> reſiſtentiæ <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam in vacuo ponimus. </s> <s>Verumenimuero <lb></lb>licet hoc loco animaduertere alias item cauſſas à quibuſdam afferri quibus etiam in illo <expan abbr="mobiliũ">mobilium</expan> <lb></lb>genere ſignificetur ineſſe reſiſtentia quædam interior, aut exterior, vnde ſucceſsio, & tempus in<lb></lb>conſequendo ſuo <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> loco proficiſcatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt etiam ſi <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> iam <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> in vacuo <lb></lb>verſetur, illud <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè <expan abbr="mutatũ">mutatum</expan>, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="adeptũ">adeptum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> iri, hoc eſt, <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="peruenturũ">peruenturum</expan> credere poſsimus; ſpatium, videlicet, ſolùm ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſenſili qualitate <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecretũ">ſecretum</expan>, quod inter <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> terminos motus interiicitur, à quo & ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>; prętereà diſtantiam rei, <lb></lb>quæ mouetur: nam, dum ipſa prius <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="anteriorẽ">anteriorem</expan> ſui <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> mutatur, aliud ſpatij punctum <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> occupat. </s> <s>Quantumuis ergo ſit <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan>, nihilominus in eo fiet motus. </s> <s>Confirmant <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2266"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan>, hoc modo. </s> <s>Fingamus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan> qui nunc eſt in cęlo, per vacuum ad <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> deferri. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm ſanè eſt, ſi dicamus <expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan> eſſe nunc in cęlo, mox <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> ipſum eſſe in terra. </s> <s>Quæritur nunc <lb></lb>an <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> quo eſt in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> termino, aut potius aliud: idem dicere prorſus eſt prę<lb></lb>ter <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> eſſe dicatur; at inter quælibet duo puncta <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> interuenit. </s> <s>Igitur illa mu<lb></lb>tatio <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> interuallo fuit abſoluta; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam motus anteceſsit. </s> <s>Poſtremò corpus cęle<lb></lb>ſte per <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> aliquod <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> non mouetur, & tamen in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> agitatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> medij qualitas, <lb></lb>ſed <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> ipſum per ſe ſufficiet ad <expan abbr="præſtandũ">præſtandum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc ſi ita ſe habent, nulla pror<lb></lb>ſus neceſsitas vrget, vt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> intercedat, quod in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> efficiat. </s> <s>Ita fiet, vt admodum lu<lb></lb>brica reddatur Ariſtotelis demonſtratio qua conatus eſt <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> è <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura tollere. </s> <s>Hæc enim <lb></lb>ipſe accipiebat ſuper <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſuam ſtrueret <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> (redigam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> illam ad pauca.) <lb></lb>Primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> mobile tardius citiuſúe moueri, quo magis aut minus illi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> reſiſtit. </s> <s>Ex quo <lb></lb><expan abbr="efficeret̃">efficeretur</expan>, vt, ſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> nil prohiberet, <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> eo <expan abbr="veloci9">velocius</expan> <expan abbr="tardiusq́">tardiusque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fierent: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan>; ſed, ſi <lb></lb>fortè mutatio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter alia ſic à motus diſtinguimus, quae in ea nec <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, nec ſucceſsio reperiatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prętereà <expan abbr="tãtã">tantam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> ad <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, <expan abbr="quãta">quanta</expan> eſt <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtię">reſiſtentię</expan> ad <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan>, vt puta: ſi magis hoc <lb></lb>reſiſtit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alterum, vt duo, <expan abbr="tãto">tanto</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="tardiorẽ">tardiorem</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> tanto <expan abbr="q́">que</expan>. </s> <s>plus temporis requiſiturum <pb pagenum="354"></pb>quàm alterum motum ſeruatis cęteris paribus & mole & virtute, à qua tunc agitur, & figura, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2267"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliis <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, ſi qua ſunt alia quæ motum aliquo pacto variare poſsint. </s> <s>Poſtremò <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> eſſe om<lb></lb>nino <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> vacui ad plenum, veluti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inſtantis ad <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>: quandò tempus diuidi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in <lb></lb>infinitum, inſtans verò prorſus eſt indiuiduum. </s> <s>His ita poſitis ſic rationem conſtruit Ariſtoteles. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si in vacuo fieret motus, æqua velocitate fieri poſſet motus in vacuo & pleno. </s> <s>Sed hoc <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt: ergo & id, ex quo ſequitur; hoc verò eſt motum in vacuo fieri. </s> <s>Coniunctum verò ſic appro<lb></lb>batur. </s> <s>quoniam, ſi ſumpſero <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ad nullam <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> materiam <expan abbr="applicatũ">applicatum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> contractum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>item ſub certa quapiam forma: poſſet hoc in <expan abbr="tãta">tanta</expan> proportione rarefieri, vt cum ea moueretur <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>mobile in tanto tempore, in quanto mouebatur in vacuo: quò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rarefit magis, eò item velocius <lb></lb>per illud mobile concitatur. </s> <s>Stato ergo quodam <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> interuallo, ita etiam rarefiet, vt per tan<lb></lb>tundem <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> aditum mobili præbeat. </s> <s>Ex quo ſequitur, vt inter vacuum & plenum intercede<lb></lb>ret proportio quędam. </s> <s>Si igitur ea non eſt, non fiet motus in vacuo, quia non fiet in tempore. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non erit igitur motus, ſed mutatio. </s> <s>Hæc Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſupereſt alia cauſſa, per quam mo<lb></lb>tus in vacuo fiat; certè non ob id vacuum tolli neceſſe eſt, quod tamen <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> <expan abbr="locorũ">locorum</expan> oppugnauit <lb></lb>ea potiſsimum <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> fretus ipſe philoſophus. </s> <s>Ab aliquibus igitur hæc ratio non in eam <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> ac<lb></lb>cipitur, vt ſimpliciter concludatur, ſed aduerſus <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> ſolum, Parmenidem, inquiunt, & De<lb></lb>mocritum, qui vacuum eſſe ponebant propter motum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>Parmenides ex eo quae non eſſet va<lb></lb>cuum, tollebat motum: Democritus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex eo quae eſſe: motus, vacuum inculcabat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cauſſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2268"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus omnes opinabantur, vacuum eſſe inducendum. </s> <s>Quanquam tempus non eſt <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> de ipſo <lb></lb>vacuo diſſerere, & omnes <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> explorare quibus <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="cęteriſq́">cęteriſque</expan>. </s> <s>philoſophis con<lb></lb>futatur, ſed de hoc capite ſolùm, quo tangitur ratio medij, tractare, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>diſputatio hæc confe<lb></lb>renda foret, quo de loco nobis agendum eſt, ſiquid inſuper aliud priuatæ operæ flagitaret, quia <lb></lb>tamen eſt officium memoris & grati purgare <expan abbr="præceptorẽ">præceptorem</expan> a calumniis, etiam permittat nobis hu<lb></lb>manus auditor, vt ingrediamur tantiſper in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan>, quę ad defendendum Ariſtotelem <lb></lb>à Iunioribus afferuntur. </s> <s>Nam de hac ipſa demonſtratione cum à Græcis, tum Arabibus, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>Latinis varia iudicia facta ſunt, vt etiam noſtris hiſce <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan> non deſint, qui ſunt ab <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> par<lb></lb>te, vel nullum robur eſſe credentes Ariſtotelicę demonſtrationis, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eam non concludi ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, aut contrà quae illa ſit efficaciſsima <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> in tractatione de vacuo magnum habeat omnino <lb></lb><expan abbr="momẽtum">momentum</expan>. </s> <s>Quod ſanè in Antiquos hæc <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> intendatur, inficiari non licet. </s> <s>Quòd ſimpliciter ea <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb>concludatur, illud obſtat: proptereaque tale <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> non datur, quod tantum rarefieri poſsit, vt <expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan> <lb></lb>proportionem habeat ad vacuum: nam corpus <expan abbr="rariſsimũ">rariſsimum</expan> in natura definitum eſt, qui eſt ignis, <lb></lb>neque is infinitum rarefieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, id quod Ariſtotelicę demonſtrationi ſupponitur. </s> <s>Cùm ergo ni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2269"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatur ea demonſtratio re falſa, & quę animo ficta, potius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> natura conſtans exiſtat, quo pacto cre<lb></lb>dendum eſt, eam <expan abbr="cõcludi">concludi</expan> ſimpliciter? </s> <s>quòd ſi cauſsas alias <expan abbr="aliaſq́">aliaſque</expan>. </s> <s>rationeis promas, quibus è <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>natura <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> exterminetur, etiam ſi verę illę fuerint (quanquam ſuſpicor ego de nonnullis) iam <lb></lb>cauſſę diffidere cœperis. </s> <s>Neque id ſat eſt, ſi diluantur ea quæ opponuntur. </s> <s>multa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à repugnan<lb></lb>tia defendi contingit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ tamen cum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura minime congruant, quibus vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Ariſtotele <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2270"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſo auctore ſtandum non eſt, & epicyclis & eccentricis <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> phęnomena conſeruantur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>tamen eos eſſe fortè neceſſe eſt, aut alteros duntaxat. </s> <s>Equidem nullo pacto <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> hanc abſolutè <lb></lb>concludi cenſuerim, niſi ſtatuamus in ea pro manifeſtis accipi illa quæ tenſus ipſe demonſtrat, & <lb></lb>quæ à Parmenide negata ſunt. </s> <s>Animaduertitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in natura <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe, nec quicquam in vniuer<lb></lb>ſo ambitu <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan>, quæ cognitioni noſtrę ſubiiciuntur, euidentius excogitari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Obſeruatur etiam <lb></lb>ſumma velocitas, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> tempus poſtulare perſpicitur, vt nulla tam efficax appareat, vt <expan abbr="ſpa-tiũ">ſpa<lb></lb>tium</expan> ſenſile citra <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> abſoluat. </s> <s>Medium verò in infinitum extenuari, non aliud certè ſignificare, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> diuerſos raritatis gradus, non tamen vt eius raritatis tranſiliat limiteis quæ quoquomodo tole<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2271"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in natura: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & in ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quæ pręter naturam eſt, terminus quidam mea ſententia <lb></lb>ponendus eſt, cùm ſit quoddam prodire tenus, nec datur vltra citrà interitum. </s> <s>Niſi fortè dimen<lb></lb>ſionem per ſe ſpectes quaſi mathematicus, vt ſæpe fit in phyſicis, nulla ratione habita primarum <lb></lb>qualitatum: memor quae quæ ſic abſurda ſunt, multo magis abſurda ſint, ſi <expan abbr="adiungãtur">adiungantur</expan> ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ex his id ſequitur, vt, ſi per vacuum motus obeatur; hic æquali tempore fieri poſsit in pleno & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2272"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vacuo. </s> <s>Si hoc fieri nequit, non eſt igitur motus, ſed planè mutatio. </s> <s>Atque his acceptis, cùm ſim<lb></lb>pliciter vera ſint, efficitur etiam, vt ſimpliciter vera <expan abbr="cõplexio">complexio</expan> concludatur. </s> <s>Nam ſimpliciter ve<lb></lb>rum eſt, vacui ad plenum nullam eſſe proportionem, prætereà ex diuerſa medij conſtitutione <lb></lb>motum variari, & ex eius varietate velocis & tardi varietatem proficiſci. </s> <s>Sic in vacuo motum <lb></lb>non eſſe concluditur, quandò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempus adeſſet, ſed cùm ſint tempus & motus, vacuum quo<lb></lb>que negare cogenitur. </s> <s><pb pagenum="355"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2273"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2265"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2266"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2267"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2268"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2269"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2270"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2271"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2272"></margin.target>b 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2273"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Rationes, quę ad vacuum tollendum ab Ariſtotelicis alienę afferuntur, aut etiam contrà ipſum <lb></lb>Aristotelem, non ſatis valere monſtratur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ANIMADVERTI <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rationeis alias, quibus contrà vacuum diſputare, & Ariſtotelis <lb></lb><expan abbr="placitũ">placitum</expan> confirmare nonnulli conati ſunt, ſed meo quidem iudicio, parum feliciter. </s> <s>Verun<lb></lb>tamen eas anteà recitemus, vt quid in ſingulis deſiderari queat, optimè videri poſsit. </s> <s>Quicquid <lb></lb>eſt in mundo & ab aliquo & ad aliquid eſt. </s> <s>Vacuum, ſi foret in mundo, nec aliquid eſſet, nec ab <lb></lb>aliquo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non eſt vacuum. </s> <s>Nullius item finis eſſet gratia, à quo tamen abhorret ipſa natura <lb></lb>quæ, quicquid efficit, in alicuius gratiam facit. </s> <s>Tertiò nulla eſſet Ariſtotelis ratio contra Demo<lb></lb>critum, videlicet. </s> <s>Si vacuum foret, ſpecies per medium non ferrentur. </s> <s>At dicam ego oppoſitum <lb></lb>magis conſequi, ſi ita ratio conſtruatur. </s> <s>Si vacuum ſit, multò magis ſpecies ferri poſſent. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>multò magis viſio fieret: nanque inane facilius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> plenum ſpecies ex magna diſtantia penetrare <lb></lb>poſſent. </s> <s>At verò quantum roboris habeant hæc, tum quæ pro Ariſtotele afferuntur, tum etiam, <lb></lb>quæ contrà ipſum facilè admodum perſpicere licet. </s> <s>Ac ſpectemus ea primùm quæ ad eius ſenten<lb></lb>tiam conſtabiliendam in medio poni ſolent. </s> <s>Mitto verò quae Ariſtoteles valde negligens fuiſſet, ſi <lb></lb>rationeis efficaceis omiſiſſet, leues <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perſecutus eſſet. </s> <s>Sed veniamus ad rationeis. </s> <s>Si vacuum in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2274"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mundo ponatur, & aliquid erit, & ab aliquo. </s> <s>Sed non eſt aliquid, nec ab aliquo. </s> <s>ergo neque eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm quidem <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> eius argumenti <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> obſcurum eſt, & indiget probationis quam <lb></lb>ſanè, non niſi ab iis quæ ab Ariſtotele fuerunt allata, repetere licet. </s> <s>Tum etiam is qui vacuum eſſe <lb></lb>concedet, illud negabit, ipſum aliquid non eſſe, aut ab aliquo; quinimo dicet ipſum fore diſtan<lb></lb>tiam, vel à corpore ſeparatam, vel cum eo coniunctam & cum patribus eius confuſam. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb>ſi fuerit vacuum ab aliquo erit, aut neque forte ab aliquo: nam poterit eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, vt <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> <lb></lb>eius aſſertores poſuere: poterit & à Deo pêndere, vt materia & priuatio. </s> <s>Rurſus etiam finis ali<lb></lb>cuius gratia fore teſtabitur: nimirùm motus ipſius, veluti dixerunt Antiqui. </s> <s>Quòd ſi illud obie<lb></lb>ceris. </s> <s>At propter motum non eſt vacuum. </s> <s>Illud item probandum, quae non ſit gratia motus, in <lb></lb>quo peragendo conſulemus iterum philoſophum. </s> <s>Neque id neceſſariò conſequitur, vt, quan<lb></lb>uis propter motum non ſit, ſimpliciter ſit tollendum: poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propter aliud eſſe: poteſt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>nullius eſſe gratia; ſiue, vt ea ſunt, quæ caſu fiunt, aut illa etiam quæ oriuntur ex neceſsitate mate<lb></lb>riæ, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia ſint ipſi fines, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſeruiant aliis, ſed alia contrà ſeruiant ipſis. </s> <s>nam totidem ferè <lb></lb>modis nullius gratia res eſſe contingit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ordinem naturæ peruerti. </s> <s>Sic ergo & vno ex his mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2275"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dis vacuum eſſe contendam; vt puta, ipſum eſſe per ſe. </s> <s>Eſſe verò eſt gradus quidam perfectio<lb></lb>nis, qui per ſe eſt appetendus. </s> <s>Ita aliarum rationum auxilia erunt imploranda, quibus vacuum <lb></lb>non eſſe concludatur. </s> <s>Quod verò tertio loco adiectum eſt, nititur hypotheſi falſa, illa nimirum, <lb></lb>quae ſpecies viſiles per medium ferantur propter diſtantiam quæ inter viſile <expan abbr="viſumq́">viſumque</expan>. </s> <s>interponitur: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius rei cauſſa eſt diſtantia ſola, ſed medij natura: fertur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpecies viſilis per aquam & <lb></lb>aërem, quia pellucida ſunt. </s> <s>Quamobrem peccat argumentum accipiens non cauſſam, vt <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi diſtantiam vt finem conſtituei is, hoc eſt, quia bene erat è longinquo proſpicere; conſiſtit <lb></lb>hæc cauſſa non minus cum pleno, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cum vacuo, nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obſtat huius merito cauſſæ, ſi plenum, <lb></lb>vacuumúe ponatur, ſed ex medij <expan abbr="ſpecieiq́">ſpecieique</expan> natura res conficienda erit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> implicabitur argu<lb></lb>mentum fallacia ſecundùm conſequens. </s> <s>Quapropter ſatis conſtat <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> parum firma ſint ea quæ <lb></lb>præter Ariſtotelica ab aliis aſſumuntur. </s> <s>Sed veniamus ad alterum caput quo purgandus eſt no<lb></lb>bis Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Vides <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quàm falſa ſtatuantur à Philopono, D Thoma & eius ſectæ viris, qui pri<lb></lb>mùm accipiant reſiſtentiam ex proportione virtutis motricis ad mobile, cùm ea nulla ſit in mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2276"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tu naturali, & apud eos præſertim, qui motum <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> in elemento genito ab internis principiis <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> volunt abſolui, nec vlla ratio cogat <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> abſolutè concludere de omni mobili, quae in va<lb></lb>cuo moueri non poſsit, ſed illi ſufficiat, ſi de ſimplicibus iam genitis oſtendatur propoſitum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà redditur imperfectus progreſſus Ariſtotelis, quae ipſe nunquàm verba fecerit de eiuſmodi <lb></lb>cauſsis. </s> <s>Et quoniam gratis hodie dederit quiſpiam aliquid eſſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab Ariſtotele deſiderandum: <lb></lb>vtor in eos <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> phyſica quæ illud aſſumit. </s> <s>Fruſtra fieri per plura quod per pauciora fieri poteſt, <lb></lb>& æquè bene. </s> <s>Sed in motu ſucceſsio & per ſe, & per accidens à natura præſtatur optimè, quod <lb></lb>poſthac apparebit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad ipſam præſtandam vacui diſtantia neceſſaria eſt, non igitur ea motus <lb></lb>eſt cauſſa. </s> <s>Tum prætereà, quoniam eius rei cauſſa nequit eſſe diſtantia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aut hęc termino<lb></lb>rum foret, aut rei qua mouetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè rei quæ mouetur, ſiquidem à continui partibus ſucceſ<lb></lb>ſionis ratio non neceſſariò ſumatur in latione. </s> <s>Nam ſic, nil prohiberet, quominus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="crementũ">crementum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſet motus ad locum, in quo terminorum diſtantia mutatur, ſed à partibus poteſtatis & materiæ <lb></lb>quæ tendit ad formam & <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, vel etiam iis ipſis auctoribus, quoniam partes <expan abbr="cõtinui">continui</expan> ſimul om<lb></lb>nes <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> actu ſunt inſignitę, ſimul omnes habent <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vniformiter: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> omnes in vno toto, cum ſint poteſtate, locum totius aſſequuntur, nec <expan abbr="vllũ">vllum</expan> per ſe penitus <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan>. <pb pagenum="356"></pb>Neque item ſucceſsio petitur à diſtantia. </s> <s>Quoniam, quae occupent hunc, aut illum locum, quate<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2277"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus eſt diſtantia, falſum omnino putamus. </s> <s>Sed locus in naturalibus eſt cum qualitatibus quibuſ<lb></lb>dam ſenſilibus à quibus mobile ipſum, aut perficitur, aut afficitur: aut conſeruatur, aut corrum<lb></lb>pitur, & certas <expan abbr="obtinẽt">obtinent</expan> differentias ſupra & infra: aliter eſſet hic locus ille mathematicus qui cor<lb></lb>pori mathematico, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naturali tribuitur, & aliquando ab Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> deſcriptus eſt, & à na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2278"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turali diſtinctus. </s> <s>Ita non <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> prius & poſterius in magnitudine tempus affert, ſed id quod eſt in <lb></lb>ſpatio naturali. </s> <s>Nam cęteroquin infirmum illud eſſe videtur quod dici ſolet. </s> <s>Si terminorum di<lb></lb>ſtantia foret cauſſa motus, illuminatio non fieret ſubitò: quoniam præter id quae poſtulat probatio<lb></lb>nem hoc quod aſſumitur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> defuere, qui dicerent eam in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, ſed penè in ſenſili fieri: <lb></lb>videtur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> retorqueri poſſe argumentum. </s> <s>Si medium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud quidem <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> foret cauſſa mo<lb></lb>tus; certè ſi per illud illuminatio fieret, in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> obiretur: at in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> non obitur. </s> <s>ergo <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit per medium plenum. </s> <s>Nil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> imbecillius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud ipſum genus <expan abbr="argumentorũ">argumentorum</expan>, quod <lb></lb>ex contrario <expan abbr="cõuerti">conuerti</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & nec minus à teſtat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab aduerſario, hoc argumentandi genus ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele <foreign lang="grc">Βλαίσωδις</foreign> appellatur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quam cauſſam afferas ob quam in medio pleno illumina<lb></lb>tio ſine tempore fiat; ego <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eandem vſurpabo ad <expan abbr="docendũ">docendum</expan>, cur etiam in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> pura diſtantia <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto mobile mutet locum: vtputa, quoniam ipſa per ſe eſt actus quidam in indiuiduo <lb></lb>poſitus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non eſt par illuminationis, <expan abbr="veriq́">verique</expan>. </s> <s>motus ingenium. </s> <s>Præterquam quae illis euenit <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2279"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod in Parmenidem notabat Philoſophus, dum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> deſtruere conaretur ex eo, quia vacuum <lb></lb>non eſſet, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab obſcuris argumentans manifeſta tollebat, perſpicuis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dubia debent illuſtra<lb></lb>ri, non dubiis perſpicua tolli. </s> <s>Sic iſti probant motum fieri perinane principiis quibuſdam acce<lb></lb>ptis quæ parum perſpicua ſint: <expan abbr="multumq́">multumque</expan>. </s> <s>operæ poni adhuc oporteat in eis perſuadendis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> obſtant quas <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> ſupereſt vt ſigillatim percurramus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ſatis apparet in iis duabus pri<lb></lb>mis, quæ à diſtantia terminorum, tum ſpatij, per quod fit motus, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mobilis acceptæ ſunt, hy<lb></lb>potheſes eſſe falſas: nempe illam, quae prius tranſeat mobile quandam ſpatij <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id for<lb></lb>taſsè neceſſe eſt, ſi <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> abſolutè <expan abbr="cõſideretur">conſideretur</expan>; ſed, ſi ſpatium ita affectum, & locus naturalis qui <lb></lb>cum certis eſt qualitatibus. </s> <s>Idcirco peccat argumentum <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> conditione aſſumens, & concludens <lb></lb>ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> altera item <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quæ accipit mobile prius <expan abbr="cõcitari">concitari</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, quàm <expan abbr="ſe-cũdùm">ſe<lb></lb>cundùm</expan> <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan>. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abſolutè falſum eſt in <expan abbr="cõtinui">continui</expan> partibus, & ſolùm habet locum in partibus ſuc<lb></lb>ceſsionis & materiæ neceſſariò, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illa alteratio quæ fit <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόως</foreign> hac diuiſione <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> excludatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod ad tertiam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſpectat, in ea duplex fallacia notari poteſt. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, quae peccat <lb></lb>ſecundùm non cauſſam, vt cauſſam, ſiue ſecundùm id quod eſt, non penes hoc. </s> <s>Diſſeritur enim: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2280"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Vtrùm ſit motus in vacuo in non <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, an etiam poſtulet <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>: at illi inferunt id quod ſequi<lb></lb>tur ex eo quae vacuum ſit, quod <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item opponitur noſtræ concluſioni. </s> <s>Quamobrem laborat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>fallacia redargutionis ea ratio. </s> <s>Deinde inferunt abſurdum, & id quod fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit, quod ex al<lb></lb>tero conſimili quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> nequeat fieri, ſequitur. </s> <s>At id dato antecedente degenerat in neceſſarium, <lb></lb>quod eſt ex hypotheſi. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe oportet, ſi hoc eſt, vt neceſſe eſt hominem, ſi volet, eſſe <expan abbr="pennatũ">pennatum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo, ſi vacuum eſt, etiam in diuerſis punctis erit idem mobile in eodem inſtanti, quod fieri non <lb></lb>poteſt, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex alio deducitur, quod itidem fieri nequit. </s> <s>Ac ſi ita res eſt, vt certè eſt, non id tollen<lb></lb>dum, quòd in non tempore motus fiat peruacuum, quod iſti faciunt, ſed id prorſus, quòd va<lb></lb>cuum ſit, quod facit Ariſtoteles.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2274"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2275"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2276"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2277"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2278"></margin.target>a 1. de ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2279"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2280"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An'ne vacuum prorſus omni mutationi repugnet, & alia quędam de motu & vacuo <lb></lb>dubitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSSET hoc loco nos interpellare quiſpiam dicens. </s> <s>At tu nimis anxiè, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> neruosè, tollis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2281"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eas rationes quæ paruo negocio tolli poterant. </s> <s>Nam tu das in vacuo fieri <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> in non <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ſcilicet, ex hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ea <expan abbr="cõſequuntur">conſequuntur</expan> quæ fieri non poſsint. </s> <s>Sed nec in vacuo fit motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>mutatio prorſus. </s> <s>Inde nihil eſt quod iſti obiiciunt, quanuis verè concludant. </s> <s>Tum prætereà co<lb></lb>git nos experientia quæ <expan abbr="dã">dam</expan> fateri, aut motum in vacuo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & in re iam genita fieri neceſſariò, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in pleno ipſo negare. </s> <s>Finge <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tu vacui <expan abbr="pleniq́">plenique</expan>. </s> <s>terminos, & corpus <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> <lb></lb>ex dimidio collocatum. </s> <s>Iam corpus <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> eſt, non igitur plures erunt eius motus, aut igitur, <lb></lb>ſi in vacuo nullus fiet motus, ſed planè mutatio, <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> quoque in pleno effici neceſſe eſt, aut <lb></lb>ſi mouetur in pleno corpus illud, in vacuo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouebitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto mutabi<lb></lb>tur, ſed ponet <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> in ea functione. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duo poſſunt eſſe <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> continui motus in eodem <lb></lb>veſtigio <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>, vt optimè noſti. </s> <s>Nos planè vacuum nullum ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="creditũ">creditum</expan> fuiſſe aſſeue<lb></lb>ranter affirmamus, tum ob hanc <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> quę ducitur à medio per quod fit motus, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> propter <lb></lb>alias multas quæ paſsim ab Ariſtotele afferuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id in hac philoſophia in dubium reuocan<lb></lb>dum eſſe opinamur. </s> <s>Sed quantum eſt merito vacui (quanquam id ſimpliciter non eſſe creditur <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele, neque ideò motus, aut mutatio fieri poteſt in illo) tamen eo dato, vt ex hypotheſi <pb pagenum="357"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2282"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>planius fiat id quod dicitur; perſeueramus adhuc in noſtro propoſito, & nudis hiſce conſideratis <lb></lb>vacuo & mobili, <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> vacuo nullo pacto repugnare credimus. </s> <s>Finge, obſecro, in vacuo mo<lb></lb>bile non <expan abbr="impeditũ">impeditum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eiuſmodi, vt vires agentis adhuc retineat (iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> audiſti eas item in ab<lb></lb>ſentia mobilis eſſe ſuperſtites, & mobili ipſo, non alio fundari nonnunquam) nulla quietis erit <lb></lb>cauſſa, quia non eſt cauſſa quietis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> itidem quies. </s> <s>Quoniam verò quies eſt. </s> <s>quid preſsius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>immobilitas, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item erit immobilitas. </s> <s>Cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> immobilitas aderit, ſi in mobili ſunt principia <lb></lb>motus, materia .ſ. </s> <s>& forma, & adeſt agens; nec præſtò eſt obex? </s> <s>aut ſi non perſpicis in elemento <lb></lb>principia motus abſoluta. </s> <s>Et ecce animal, quod mouet ſeipſum, & habet abſoluta initia ſui mo<lb></lb>tus, ſiue mutationis: planum quae nihil officiet eius mutationi <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan>, & prorſus ea ratio valebit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non fieri motum in vacuo, quia <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> impediat actum mobilis, eius extentionem tollens. </s> <s>Pone <lb></lb>ergo fieri <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan>, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> mouebitur. </s> <s>Ergo magis operabitur in pleno mobile <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in vacuo, quod pla<lb></lb>nè Ariſtotelico decreto aduerſatur. </s> <s>Ac ſi rectè aduertis <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> ad ea quæ profitetur Ariſtoteles; <lb></lb>non tollitur motus in vacuo, quia <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> obſtet, ſed degenerat in <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> ex impotentia patien<lb></lb>di, quæ in vacuo cunctos naturæ limites ſuperat. </s> <s>Ita vacuum opus naturale non tollet ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, quatenus opus naturale; ſed, quatenus eſt motus, ac ſi ponatur illud mobile per <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> aſſequi <lb></lb>proprios terminos, vt graue deduci ad centrum. </s> <s>Nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vetabit, quominus centrum adipiſcatur, <lb></lb>ſed id efficiet in non <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>; modò careat interna <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtia">reſiſtentia</expan> quę reperitur in mixto, & in eo quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2283"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gignitur, vt ſuprà dictum eſt. </s> <s>Nam dicere in vacuo nec graue nec leue <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan>, nec vllam <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan>, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> rationem mixturæ valere, verùm ſanè eſt profiteri; ſed id non eſt confer<lb></lb>re mobile cum medio ſimpliciter, vt fit in præſenti ratione, & in eo poteſtatem logicam ponere, <lb></lb>ſed naturale? </s> <s>Nunc ratio procedit, quaſi animus noſter concipere poſsit motum, nec <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan>, <lb></lb>nec contra naturam actu, ſed ſimpliciter, & vt ab hiſce conditionibus abſtractum veluti corporis <lb></lb>mathematici. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita iuuat aut obſtat propenſio mobilis. </s> <s>Sed quoniam remanere virtutem in <lb></lb>ſubiecto eſt ex euento, & datur in vacuo <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adſunt cauſſę motus, abſunt cauſſæ quietis: <lb></lb>iam cauſſa cadere cenſebimur. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poterit inanimum mouere <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan>, & habebit cauſſas motus <lb></lb>internas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illas quidem abſolutas. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouebitur eo tempore à remouente prohibens, <lb></lb>quia nullum prohibens adeſt: igitur à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Fateor quippini? </s> <s>Sed vide item, ne ſatis etiam tu <lb></lb>repugnes Ariſtoteli neganti <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan> mouere ſeipſum, quia non abſolutè moueatur à ſe; verùm <lb></lb>flagitet <expan abbr="opẽ">opem</expan> externi cuiuſdam principij. </s> <s>Cęterùm libero te <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> omni ſuſpicione. </s> <s>Nanque id <lb></lb>profectò conſequetur, ſi vacuum dederimus. </s> <s>Etenim omne hoc abſurdi quod hîc naſcitur, non <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> à natura motus, ſed ab ingenio vacui proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Adde etiam in illa hypotheſi non negaſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2284"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe Ariſtotelem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> à ſeipſo fieri, vt in iis quę ſponte mouentur: quanquam ob id <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan>, <lb></lb>quae mouendi facultas innititur mobili, reapſe verò differt ab eo. </s> <s>Nam vis illa impreſſa non eſt ſua <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, & valet <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> efficiens. </s> <s>Verùm hæc hactenus. </s> <s>Eiuſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> notę cenſeri poteſt <lb></lb>altera dubitatio. </s> <s>Nam poſito vacuo hęc itidem conſequi videntur, vel in pleno mutatio, vel mo<lb></lb>tus in vacuo. </s> <s>Verumenimuero ſi quis nimium diligens, aut quoquo pacto vacui fautor hoc lo<lb></lb>co requirat. </s> <s>Vtrùm plus valeat, an <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> efficiendo motum in vacuo, an contrà vacuum produ<lb></lb>cendo <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> in pleno. </s> <s>Nam ſi officium naturale eſt eſſe in ſuo loco; at verò id magis pręſta<lb></lb>re videtur inane <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> plenum: prius ergo natura mutatio in vacuo, quàm motus in pleno, Quan<lb></lb>quam de iis quę ſenſus ipſe non ſuppeditat, difficile eſt ferre iudicium: nihilominus audendum <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliquid pro ratione dicendum. </s> <s>Equidem motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mutatio ſunt officia naturæ, & ha<lb></lb>bent cauſſas poſitiuas efficienteis primùm, deinde <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & formam. </s> <s>Tum prætereà motus rei <lb></lb>genitæ ſimplicis in pleno naſcitur ex <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> medij, & in vacuo mutatio ab impotentia, & in ple<lb></lb>no <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt impotentia mobilis, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> cauſſæ motum facientis quæ non ſuperat medium: ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2285"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rùm id non ex natura mobilis ipſius deſcendit, ſed ex vi medij quæ ſe ſubitò vinci non patitur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & mouens & mobile ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habent: in vacuo cauſſa mutationis eſt imbecil<lb></lb>litas, & impotentia medij, quod, cùm reſiſtere nequeat, non efficit motum. </s> <s>Quare mutatio fo<lb></lb>ret in pleno naturale <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> propemodum <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan>, in vacuo motus eſſet prorſus impoten<lb></lb>tia. </s> <s>Nam ex eo naſceretur, vt efficiens pręſtare non poſſet in <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto citra <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> <lb></lb>id quod rei naturæ conuenit, ſi motus in vacuo fieret, quia nihil impediens <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> pateretur effi<lb></lb>ciens <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id præſtare quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & naturam aſſequi finem ſuum. </s> <s>At in pleno mutatio prohibetur, <lb></lb>& ex vi medij ad cauſſas <expan abbr="mouẽteis">mouenteis</expan> oritur impedimentum. </s> <s>Nunc mihi videtur eſſe natura prius <lb></lb>agere <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> non agere, & impedire <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> permittere, & pati, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> ſine actione <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtrarij">contrarij</expan>, in pleno finis <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> motus naturalis, in vacuo nullus. </s> <s>At ſimpliciter id quod eſt, & id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>agit, ei quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, & quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> agit, & poteſtati patiendi poteſtas agendi, & impotentia patiendi, <lb></lb><expan abbr="proponũtur">proponuntur</expan>; <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> illa ſola in vacuo, binę iſtæ in pleno, hîc finis, ibi caſus. </s> <s>Cùm igitur <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> ſi ſit, <lb></lb>nihil agat, ſed ad <expan abbr="sũmũ">summum</expan> pmittat ſolùm nihil <expan abbr="obſtãs">obſtans</expan>, prohibeat <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan>, & planè reſiſtat: ergo mea <expan abbr="qdẽ">quaedem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="sẽtẽtia">sententia</expan> prius eſt <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> pleni <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vacui, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> finis abſit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exiſtit <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> naturale <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> vacuo: naturę <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>eſt agere propter <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>. </s> <s>Quocirca <expan abbr="poti9">potius</expan> ex pleno <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> in vacuo <expan abbr="naſcet̃">naſcetur</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in pleno ex vacuo mutatio.</s></p> <pb pagenum="358"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2281"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2282"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2283"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2284"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2285"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſputantur aliqua de reſiſtentia quæ fit in corpore cęleſti. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2286"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2286"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>RESTAT nunc, vt aliqua dicamus de reſiſtentia quæ fit in cęlo, hoc eſt, de cauſſa ſucceſsio<lb></lb>nis in eo motu. </s> <s>Video verò Auerroëm id tribuere exuperationi virtutis motricis ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> mo<lb></lb>bilem, vnde celeris & tardi ratio proficiſcitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <expan abbr="attẽperatam">attemperatam</expan> eſſe dicere talem <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan>, <lb></lb>vt, ſi vnica ſtella corpori cęleſti adderetur; fore, vt moueri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet. </s> <s>Attamen mihi mirabile hoc <lb></lb>videtur in cęlo genus eiuſmodi reſiſtentię ponere: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> id requirat actum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> quaſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> illi qui proficiſcitur à motore. </s> <s>At qua ratione poteſt excogitari repugnantia & reſi<lb></lb>ſtentia contra <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> ſuum in eo mobili quod cum ſuo principio mouente fit magis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, vt ipſe <lb></lb>vult, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> materia cum forma coniungitur, aut notio cum mente? </s> <s>Quòd ſi in materia nulla eſt re<lb></lb>ſiſtentia, multò minus in eo mobili ſit neceſſe eſt: præſertim quae eò maximè vergit motus ille, quò <lb></lb>procedit, vt id efficiat perpetuò ſine vlla participatione contrarij, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> operoſo & moleſto labore, <lb></lb>vel mobilis, quia caret <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <expan abbr="cõtradictionis">contradictionis</expan>, vel mouentis, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ipſum ſemper eò vergit, quò <lb></lb>mouetur. </s> <s>Dicere verò <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan> eſſe in cęlo propter varios motus quos diuerſè illius partes exer<lb></lb>cent, ſuperiores .ſ. </s> <s>& inferiores, quaſi ſeſe viciſsim impediant: hoc certè eſt aliquid violenti illis <lb></lb>attribuere. </s> <s>Quamobrem ita licet experiri cauſſas huiuſce ſucceſsionis. </s> <s>Etenim cęlum à nobis <lb></lb>animal <expan abbr="ſtatuendũ">ſtatuendum</expan> eſt, cuius corpus <expan abbr="organicũ">organicum</expan> ſit, & partes eius, ſi non <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, at figura diſtinctę; <arrow.to.target n="marg2287"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> tentandum, Vtrum'ne aliqua ex illis cauſsis quas in animali ponimus, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cęlo <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſit; an <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> excogitare oporteat. </s> <s>In animali verò duplex reſiſtentiæ genus eſſe docuimus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> vnum, externum <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, & primam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> reſiſtentiam quæ peteretur à natura corporis, <lb></lb>quod eſſet <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, vel à varietate partium <expan abbr="ipſarũ">ipſarum</expan>; alteram verò ab eo ſuper quo fit motus, quod <lb></lb>eiuſmodi eſſe debet, vt ſuſtineat mobile: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>in animali noſtrate maximè neceſſarium; quippe <lb></lb>quae graue ſit, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam pro eo quae ſuper eodem ſpatio <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> mutaret, <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> verſus <expan abbr="tẽderet">tenderet</expan>, <lb></lb>cuius ſignum, quia niſi ſuſtineat medium, moueri non licet. </s> <s>At in cęlo, quod <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> graue eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>leue, quod item intra ſe <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> continet, poſterius illud reſiſtentiæ genus <expan abbr="expectandũ">expectandum</expan> non eſt, niſi for<lb></lb>tè eiuſmodi ſit illud, ex quo pendet, tanquam principe motus auctore; propter quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> perpe<lb></lb>tuò conuertitur, ſed hoc ipſum non quæritur in præſentia. </s> <s>Non deſunt ſanè qui <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> reſiſten<lb></lb>tiæ genus in cęlo ponant: <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> verò dicunt eſſe terminos quoſdam immobiles, quibus innititur, <lb></lb>dum mouetur, quae ad eos diuerſas obtineat poſituras ſecundùm ſuas parteis: illę verò cùm ſimul <lb></lb>conſiſtere nequeant, efficiatur, vt in diuerſis <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> punctis vnica circuitione omnes aſſequatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm & hæc cauſſa nobis ſuſpecta eſt, ob illam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, quam attulimus, anteà, cùm de vacuo <lb></lb>diceremus, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubiecti mobilis diſtantia motui ſubiacet, nec <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> neceſſariò poſtulat. </s> <s>Huc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2288"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accedit, quae nunquam ita poſſet augeri vis mouens in infinitum, vt in non tepore moueret, ſemper <lb></lb>enim <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> efficeret ipſa mobilis ſubiecti diſtantia. </s> <s>Et tamen illud ab Ariſtotele in grauiſsimis <lb></lb>diſputationibus <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> eſt; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>de reſiſtentiæ cauſſa loquens aliquando grauitatem, tametſi <lb></lb>ſpeciatim: at diuerſum, ſiue <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> quendam <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> vniuersè interprętari licet, cauſſam dabat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Equidem libet explorare duas cauſſas; alteram quidem quæ à materia <expan abbr="naturæq́">naturæque</expan>. </s> <s>ducitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> al<lb></lb>teram quæ ab eius animi conditione proficiſcitur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola natura præſtat eum motum, ſed <lb></lb>ſuperior alia facultas concurrit, quemadmodum in animali, nimirum appetitus. </s> <s>Sed de appetitu <lb></lb>poſteà: nam priùs de naturali principio verba facere inſtituimus, quando magis affinis eſt hæc <expan abbr="cõ-templatio">con<lb></lb>templatio</expan> illius, qua de motus recti principiis agimus. </s> <s>Etenim nulli dubium eſt in cęlo eſſe <expan abbr="pote-ſtatẽ">pote<lb></lb>ſtatem</expan> ad locum, neque ſolùm quae illa ſubſtantia cęleſtis habeat <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> ad tale formæ genus <expan abbr="acci-piendũ">acci<lb></lb>piendum</expan>, ſed illam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quæ illius prædicamenti propria eſt, quæ ſpatio nititur, hoc eſt, vt non<lb></lb>modò occupet certum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ſed ex eius occupatione perficiatur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur in motu cęleſti ſint <lb></lb>poteſtas & termini ipſius vbi; ſicut à nobis ſucceſsio poſita eſt in <expan abbr="caducorũ">caducorum</expan> motibus propter ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2289"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terię parteis, & gradus poteſtatis, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa tanquam intrinſeca illius <expan abbr="euẽti">euenti</expan> conſtituta eſt; ſic cùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in cęlo ſit eiuſmodi poteſtas & termini & inter ipſos via, quæ ſunt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> de prędicamento ipſius <lb></lb>vbi, ſint <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in tali motu tempus oportet, & ſucceſsio à poteſtate materiæ <expan abbr="gradibuſq́">gradibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>deſumpta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed vnum illud poterat afferre difficultatem, quae motus hic cęleſtis non eſſet ſimilis illi motui re<lb></lb>cto qui fit in corpore, dum gignitur, ſed illi qui fit in elemento, poſtquàm genitum fuerit: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>cęleſte corpus ortui ſubiicitur: atquid prohiberet <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, quando genitum eſt, & abeſt à ſuo <lb></lb>loco propter <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> terminorum & diuerſorum ſituum, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in vacuo verè moueri? </s> <s>quid etiam <lb></lb>vetaret in motu elementi geniti cauſſam <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> eſſe, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à medio naſci, aut ab impediente & <lb></lb>remouente prohibens? </s> <s>ſiquidem adſit interuallum. </s> <s>Quia verò dicere poſſes non eſſe parem <expan abbr="ra-tionẽ">ra<lb></lb>tionem</expan> ſpatij quod permeat cęleſte corpus, & eius quod conficit id quod agitur motu recto, quòd <lb></lb>ſpatium quod corpus cęleſte conficit, plenum ſit ſemper; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ob <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> eius figuræ poſsit ina<lb></lb>ne cogitari, quemadmodum in motu <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ recta aguntur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> perpetuò neceſſe eſt, vt an<lb></lb>terior pars ſubſequenti cedat, in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ceſsione ponatur aliquod tempus: illud item obſtare poſſe <lb></lb>videbatur, quae ſicut immiſsio digiti in aquæ cyathum, & exitus aquæ vno temporis puncto, licet <pb pagenum="359"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2290"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non eodem naturæ fit: ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> partium illa ſucceſsio ſubitò fieri poſſe videatur. </s> <s>Ergo cauſſa va<lb></lb>rietatis huiuſce reddenda foret. </s> <s>An hoc totum naturæ eius corporis adſcribendum eſt. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>non eſt vniforme corpus figuræ beneficio, nec prorſus in parteis diſcerptum, ſed in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſubiecto habetur diſtinctio partium quę propriis actibus inſignitæ ſunt; ita vt diſcordia quędam <lb></lb>concors, & concordia quædam diſcors in illo facilè queat obſeruari, ex qua efficitur, vt propriis <lb></lb>per ſe motibus agitentur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vna id ſpatium quod alia, aut alterius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> inſtanti poſsit <lb></lb>occupare. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus ille non totus, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id immobile manet, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> mutans locum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> è ſuis <lb></lb>cardinibus ſeſe efferens, ſed <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> ſingularum <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> proprius eſt locus, & idcirco propria quies, <lb></lb>&proprius motus. </s> <s>Quapropter ex ſeſe viciſsim quodammodò pendentes, & ſimul <expan abbr="concitãtur">concitantur</expan>, <lb></lb>& variis temporis punctis officia ſua <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> pręſtant; ex quo continuatio naſcitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſucceſsio <lb></lb>in eo motu: id quod partibus cęterorum corporum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> accidit, cùm in potentia ſint in toto, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe concitentur, aut etiam ſint in loco per ſe, ſed <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan> in toto, & per id locum naturę ſuæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="conuenientẽ">conuenientem</expan> adipiſcantur. </s> <s>Idcirco talis reſiſtentiæ cauſſa in illis reperiri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & egent exter<lb></lb>na reſiſtentia, ſi motum ſubiturę ſint, & quaſi oſsium compago in animali, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> & ſi <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ſeor<lb></lb>ſum per ſe habetur, ſed aut continui pars eſt, aut tangit <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adnectitur, vt natura & <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> vno <lb></lb><expan abbr="continuoq́">continuoque</expan>., & <expan abbr="tãquàm">tanquàm</expan> duobus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtinctis ad flexus vtatur, nec <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> poſsint vnà flecti propter <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> diſiunctionem; ſic & <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> cęli partium quaſi compago nobis proponenda eſt. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2291"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quae tempus in ea ceſsione ponatur, vbi partes actu diſtinctę ſint, ſatis perſuadent ea quæ tractaui<lb></lb>mus ex 7. Phyſ. vbi docuimus, quemadmodum infinitus motus abſolueretur <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> finito: auget <lb></lb>enim multitudo ſucceſsiua mouentium & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> & tempus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc (niſi fallor) eſt cauſſa na<lb></lb>turalis eius ſucceſsionis quę interna eſt, vt optimè perſpicis. </s> <s>Venio nunc ad alteram cauſſam quę <lb></lb>ducitur ab appetitu. </s> <s>Nam cùm ſit rectus, tantum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quantum vult, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem tantundem vult, <lb></lb>quantum poteſt. </s> <s>At & hoc poteſt, & hoc vult, in tanto temporis ſpatio .ſ. </s> <s>tantum loci <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan> <lb></lb>conficere. </s> <s>Accipio <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cęlum, vt Platoni placuit & Ariſtoteli animatum: igitur neceſſariò moue<lb></lb>tur per appetitum: appetens verò facultas obiecto, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> fine determinatur. </s> <s>Prout igitur <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> <lb></lb>efficax languidumúe fuerit, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> imbecillius, aut vehementius agitat. </s> <s>Prout etiam inſtru<lb></lb>menta quibus vtitur ea facultas, bene maléue ſe habuerint, tum etiam qualis fuerit appetentis aſ<lb></lb>ſuetudo, vel habitus, actiones <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> variantur. </s> <s>Aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> (vt exemplum inde <expan abbr="accipiã">accipiam</expan> quod omnib. <lb></lb></s> <s>notum eſſe queat) appetit brutum, aliud homo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud puer, dum adhuc agitur à phantaſia; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud vir, dum regitur à ratione. </s> <s>Et denique id per ſe eſt, vt quemadmodum præfinitus eſt <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> gradus, cum mobilis, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mouentis, & id proptereà virtutis, ita quoque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2292"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neceſſe eſt præfinita ſit ratio functionis. </s> <s>Cùm igitur artes à mentibus beatiſsimis, ſiue vt fines, ſeu <lb></lb><expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> moueantur, & pro diſtantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> habent à ſummo bono ſubſtantiæ perfectionem <lb></lb>& proptereà terminos ſuæ virtutis aſſequantur; certo quoque tempore ſuos motus abſoluunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquàm ſecundùm illius diſtantiæ <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ipſa mouere credendum eſt inſtar reliquarum for<lb></lb>marum naturalium. </s> <s>Nam, ſi ita poſſunt operari; poſſunt verò, quia non impediuntur; illas <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſic agere oportet. </s> <s>aliter in æternis aliud eſſet eſſe à poſſe, quod nunquàm approbauit Ariſtoteles. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et, quemadmodum in appetitu qui ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habet, id appetitur ſolum quod appeten<lb></lb>tis rei naturæ <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>: ſic, cùm appetitus in eiuſmodi genere <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> ſine vlla fit labe, <expan abbr="dicẽdũ">dicendum</expan> <lb></lb>cęlos appetere id quod cum <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> natura <expan abbr="cõgruat">congruat</expan> adamuſsim. </s> <s>Ita igitur <expan abbr="agũt">agunt</expan>, quia ſic eſt <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <lb></lb>natura quia ſic illi moueri poſſunt, & <expan abbr="mẽtes">mentes</expan> ipſę ſic mouere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & facultas motrix <expan abbr="mouẽtiũ">mouentium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtãtiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſectatur">conſectatur</expan>, & mobilis <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> facultas, per quam mouetur. </s> <s>Idcirco motus <lb></lb>ille conſequitur appetentis ſubſtantiæ facultatem, & <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> illius virtutis quæ mouet. </s> <s>Gra<lb></lb>uiſsimè verò me impulit in hanc ſententiam, quae eandem cauſſam apud Ariſtotelem obſeruo, vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2293"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de varietate motuum quos habent planetæ diſſerens, vniuerſam cauſſam tribuit naturæ & perfe<lb></lb>ctioni mobilis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> gradui finis mouentis. </s> <s>Nil eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliud apud Ariſtotelem, quia ſic bene eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>redditio cauſſæ per finem. </s> <s>Quanuis in corpore cęleſti ſic <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſint diſpoſita, vt optimè inter ipſa <lb></lb>conueniat, <expan abbr="indeq.">indeque</expan> functionis <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> æternitas exorta ſit. </s> <s>Ita igitur appetitus beneficio <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> primi <lb></lb>mouentis, & merito partium organicarum, tanquam principij patientis, motui cęleſti tempus aſ<lb></lb>ſignamus. </s> <s>At verò qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> defenditur Ariſtotelis demonſtratio ex 8. Phyſ. qua ab infinita virtu<lb></lb>te motum in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> corpus illud in non tempore concluditur? </s> <s>Cur item nos in Auerrois ſenten<lb></lb>tiam præceptoris noſtri verba non trahent, qui motus cęleſtium corporum ex eo definitos eſſe <lb></lb>prædicauerit, quia vires eorum definitæ ſint, quaſi verò, ſiquid plus aggrederentur, id illis <expan abbr="laborẽ">laborem</expan> <lb></lb>foret allaturum. </s> <s>Arbitrer equidem, vt de primo dicam, eiuſmodi <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> de corpore generatim <lb></lb>eſſe conſtructam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illò deuenire, vt corpus organicum ſpeciatim in ipſa <expan abbr="cõprehendatur">comprehendatur</expan>: ali<lb></lb>ter non video, quemadmodum etiam cauſſæ internæ reſiſtentiæ in eo corpore non includantur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſemper Ariſtotelicę demonſtrationi reluctari licebit, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aderit ſemper intrinſeca reſiſten<lb></lb>tia, quapropter ille motus in tempore fiet. </s> <s>Et Auerrois dicta in bonam partem accipiemas, nec <lb></lb>quidem, vt actum repugnantem ſuo motori in cęlo ponere ſtudeat; ſed, vt doceat exactum com <pb pagenum="360"></pb>menſum qui inter agentia <expan abbr="patientiaq́">patientiaque</expan>. </s> <s>principia intercedit, & vt vno verbo dicam, expectarit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2294"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potius effectum <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cauſſam, vt quod in nobis faceret imbecillitas, ibi ſequeretur, quia melius non <lb></lb>eſſet. </s> <s>Igitur effectus quidem par, ſed cauſſa diſpar: præſertim cùm aliquando monuiſſet nos Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles non ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> acceſsione quæ fieret mobili, prohiberi mouentis officium, veluti ſi mille pon<lb></lb>do auri panici granulum adiiciatur: Nec quicquam prohibet illam functionis attemperationem <lb></lb>ibi ſignificari quæ ab appetitu & appetendo exoritur: nec tamen <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> illam quæ à materia deri<lb></lb>uatur excluſam fuiſſe, modo actum mouenti principio <expan abbr="repugnantẽ">repugnantem</expan> non includat: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nos ægrè <lb></lb>admittimus. </s> <s>Quam reſiſtentiam ſiquis, Auerroëm ſectans vnum maximè ex orbe, & mente fa<lb></lb>cientem, intrinſecam eſſe velit, manum non verterim. </s> <s>ſat enim mihi ſit eam propter materiam in <lb></lb>partium diſtinctionem, & propter animum in appetitus initia reſolui. </s> <s></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2287"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2288"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2289"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2290"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2291"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2292"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2293"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2294"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De officio medij in motu <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſpeciei. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERGO, vt eò redeam, vnde digreſſa eſt oratio noſtra, medium in elementi iam geniti motu <lb></lb>cauſſa eſt reſiſtentię. </s> <s>Sed quoniam vtile eſt medium ad omneis motus, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>miris <expan abbr="adeoq́">adeoque</expan>. </s> <s>va<lb></lb>riis modis; etiam præſtat, vt de illius natura nonnulla dicamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in omni motu recto <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>reperitur, ſiue ſit ille violentus, ſiue naturalis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item vel dum gignitur elementum, vel <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2295"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genitum eſt, & in motu ſimplicium & <expan abbr="vniformiũ">vniformium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animantium & organicorum. </s> <s>At quem<lb></lb>admodum motui ſeruiat medium, noſſe & magni momenti eſt, & non vulgare. </s> <s>Cùm ergo qua<lb></lb>druplex ſit motus, duplex <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundùm naturam, dum generatur elementum, & vbi genitum <lb></lb>fuerit: tertius qui præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſiue ſimpliciter, ſeu quodammodo, & quartus, qui eſt animan<lb></lb>tium proprius: haud crediderim eandem eſſe medij rationem in omnibus hiſce motibus. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>in eo motu qui fit à generante, non concurrere ſimpliciter, vt cauſſam motus, ſed ſi fortè per acci<lb></lb>dens, vel quatenus cum ſpatio concurrit quod intercedit inter locum, vbi incipit gigni <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, <lb></lb>& locum, quò tendit: ſed, vt corpus hac, aut illa qualitate præditum <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> per accidens huic mo<lb></lb>tui ſeruire medium, aut etiam, quae cùm ſit neceſſe propter vim, quæ infimis hiſce corporibus à cęlo <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> & aſtris, media eſſe elementa; per illud extremorum fiat motus, aut eorum genera<lb></lb>tim, quæ contrarias vireis habent, vt grauis aliqua ex parte in leui, & leuis quodammodo in gra<lb></lb>ui, ſeu fuerint hæc ipſa ſimpliciter, ſiue aliqua ex parte: ita vt materiæ <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> ſubire videatur, quaſi <lb></lb>adſit ex neceſsitate materiæ: ſiquidem in iis quæ gignuatur, ſucceſsio <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. </s> <s>pendeant ex gra<lb></lb>dibus poteſtatis, & oppoſitione formæ prioris. </s> <s>In illorum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motu quæ præter naturam mouen<lb></lb>tur, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> proiectorum, ſiquando ſegregentur à primo <expan abbr="mouẽte">mouente</expan>, obtinet inſtrumenti locum, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2296"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in efficientium genere numeratur: quandò ipſorum natura prorſus integra conſeruatur, itaque <lb></lb>nullam habent propenſionem ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in quem mouentur, vt graue, cùm ſurſum agitur, leue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>deorſum. </s> <s>Nam medium, quia partim leue eſt, partim graue, propter <expan abbr="ancipitẽ">ancipitem</expan> hanc <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuſq́">ſuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>., vel ſi leuiſsimè agitetur, impulſum <expan abbr="excipiẽs">excipiens</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> quoquo verſus agitanti reluctatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic promptius impetum admittit, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>citius, <expan abbr="longeq́">longeque</expan>. </s> <s>maiorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod per ipſum moue<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> naturam, & cùm ſit <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> <expan abbr="facileq́">facileque</expan>. </s> <s>diuidi poſsit, impetum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> communicat, tum par<lb></lb>tibus proxinus, tum etiam illi quod per ipſum mouetur. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt <expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan> ab aëre quaſi <lb></lb>vehatur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> niſi quae non ſunt eædem aëris parteis quæ ab initio motus agitatæ fuerunt, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> vis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2297"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouente impreſſa vigeat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vim habet mouentis eo pacto, quae impetum, ſiue impulſum com<lb></lb>municet, ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> moueat, quia motum fuerit: licet facilius accipiat, eum motum prius deorſum, <lb></lb>poſt in latera, quae minus eorum naturæ aduerſentur hi motus, quam ſi ſurſum ferrentur. </s> <s>magis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>propendent deorſum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſurſum, & in ſuo loco facilius aguntur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum nobis ſignificant magnę illę conuerſiones, quę fiunt in aquis, quas etiam multo maiores in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2298"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aëre fieri ratio diſtar, quantò ille tenuior eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua, & quanto etiam ad auxilium auditus, qui ex <lb></lb>longinquo excitatur, & ad omneis parteis; eas fieri neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>In iis autem quæ non ſegregantur <lb></lb>à motore primo; iam eſt ipſa natura, quę mouenti repugnat: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>intus exiſtit occaſio reſiſten<lb></lb>tiæ per ſe; <expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>vi medij videtur ea facienda coniectura, quam de ipſo fecimus in motu elementi, <lb></lb>quod gignitur. </s> <s>Cęterùm, quod attinet ad officium quod medium in motu elementi iam geniti <lb></lb>præſtat. </s> <s>quòd nullam cauſſam ſucceſsionis intra ſe habet elementum, quandò mouetur illò, quò <lb></lb>principia vergunt, medio motus referetur acceptus duabus de cauſsis, quatum altera ducitur ab <lb></lb>eſſentia; altera autem eſt ex euento. </s> <s>illud ex euento, quod præſtat medium, cùm ſit corpus: <lb></lb>nanque vt corpus eſt, alterum corpus reſpuit: itaque impedit motum alterius corporis per ſe, <lb></lb>& cum cedere debeat. </s> <s>raritate aliqua præditum ſit oportet: hæc prout maior minorúe fuerit, ita <lb></lb>magis minuſúe impedit geniti elementi officium. </s> <s>Vt corpus; impedit planè, vt rarum; minus <lb></lb>impedit, ſed tamen impedit & efficit, vt tempus in illo munere obeundo conſumatur. </s> <s>Altera <lb></lb>cauſſa eſt medij natura. </s> <s>Nam quæ per media mouentur, ſimpliciter talia ſunt. </s> <s>At media grauia <lb></lb>ſunt, aut leuia quodammodo. </s> <s>Quæ verò ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>; ſi cum iis quæ ſe habent ſimpliciter, conferan <pb pagenum="361"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2299"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur; ea certè pro contrariis habentur. </s> <s>ſic cęteris obſiſtunt, quaſi <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> ſuas propenſioneis <expan abbr="agãtur">agantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sunt item hæ cauſſæ, vt medium <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> & organicorum <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> motui ſeruiat, dum illis inni<lb></lb>tuntur, vt piſces & altilia, coguntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quodammodo in anguſtum; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuſtinendi facultate <lb></lb>pollent, & dum priſtinam molem recuperare ſtudent, quaſi expellendi vim habent ea quæ ipſis <lb></lb>fulciuntur. </s> <s>Sed hanc medij conſtitutionem motoriis inſtrumentis animantia ſibi parant, quibus <lb></lb>cum inanima careant; non eſt, quae talem ipſius vſum in eorum motu expectemus. </s> <s>Cùm igitur me<lb></lb>dium, ſicut in mundo qui intra cęli ambitum continetur, medium occupat locum, ſit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> me<lb></lb>dium beneficio <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> naturalium; hoc eſt, extremorum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> participet, aliqua ex parte <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>fit id quod extrema ſunt abſolutè: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi cum leui conferatur, eſt graue: ſi cum graui, leue <lb></lb><expan abbr="indicat̃">indicatur</expan>, ſequitur, vt habeat item repugnantiam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> cum iis corporibus quæ per illud mouen<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, intrinſecùs <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habentia quod reſiſtat. </s> <s>Nam, ſi intus ſit, quod obſtabit, incer<lb></lb>tum eſt plus renitatur, an id quod intus eſt, an medij natura, & fortaſſe plus internum reſiſtet, vt <lb></lb>initio motus <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan>, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> gignitur; fieri <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſt, vt ſi è terra fit ignis magis adhuc ſit terra grauis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> medium, per quod fertur. </s> <s>repugnat igitur <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, nec <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vt eorum motum funditus tollat, <lb></lb>& inducat <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, ſed producat & protrahat <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, ac remoretur officium, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> accepi<lb></lb>mus anteà, dum vires vacui narraremus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõſequitur">Conſequitur</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, vt facilè diuidi poſsit, & cedere, & quaſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> dare corporibus quæ per ipſa feruntur, cum permutando locum, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> contrahendo ſe in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2300"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>anguſtum. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt ad motum conferat <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, vel adiuuando, quod fit, dum impetus à mouen<lb></lb>te primo excipitur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>rei mobili <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, vt in proiectis &, dum organicorum motui <lb></lb>famulatur, vel cedendo, vel reſiſtendo, & impediendo naturale officium eius, quod eſt mutari, & <lb></lb>eiuſmodi vt puncto temporis abſolui poſſet, & pro mutatione <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="reponẽdo">reponendo</expan>. </s> <s>Hoc igitur modo <lb></lb><expan abbr="mõſtrabimus">monſtrabimus</expan>, effici <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in elemento <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> genito, cùm ſpeciatim cauſſas eius motus adſcribemus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2295"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2296"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2297"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2298"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2299"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2300"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De tranſitu elementi iam geniti ex otio ad negotium, & quę ſit eius prima <lb></lb>mutatio. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PONE mihi nunc elementum iam genitum. </s> <s>Cùm id obtinuerit habitum atque <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <expan abbr="ſe-cũdam">ſe<lb></lb>cundam</expan>, <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ſanè ſuo munere fungi, quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>, ſiue agere, ſiue actum ſuum exercere <lb></lb>qui ab eiuſmodi potentia proficiſcatur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi non operetur, ſed maneat otioſum: omne id na<lb></lb>ſcitur ex impedimento. </s> <s>Operari <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundùm habitum & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> duplex eſt, aut imperfectum <lb></lb>quod fit adhuc, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> vrget <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>; id verò eſt moueri <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> nil amplius ſupereſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2301"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod impediat: hoc verò eſt, eſſe in ſuo loco, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="poſteaq̃">poſteaquam</expan> <expan abbr="adeptũ">adeptum</expan> fuerit, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> maximè eſt <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt etiam alia nulla quietis illius cauſſa reddi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quod ea ſit ipſius natura: quanuis etiam in <lb></lb>ipſis initia motionis ineſſe <expan abbr="cõcedamus">concedamus</expan>; <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> nimirùm, hoc eſt materiam <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quia .ſ. </s> <s>mo<lb></lb>tus in iis quæ rectà <expan abbr="cõcitantur">concitantur</expan>, in abſolutam <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> contendit, & eſt functio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> quæ <expan abbr="imperfe-ctionẽ">imperfe<lb></lb>ctionem</expan> habet adnexam: ea verò terminatur loco, qui <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> eis ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſe eſt <lb></lb>eorum perfectio quæ feruntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſanitas corporis quod ſanari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: eam verò <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <lb></lb>res aſſecuta eſt, <expan abbr="cõſtantiſsimè">conſtantiſsimè</expan> retinet: vt, non niſi per <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> vim ab ea diuellatur. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> <lb></lb>res naturalis perfectionis ſua cupidine tenetur, & <expan abbr="adeptã">adeptam</expan> arctiſsimè <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan>. </s> <s>Ex eo fit, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſi ibi concedatur adeſſe principia motionis; motus tamen non efficiatur, quia motio naturę opus <lb></lb>abſolutum non eſt, ſed tum, vbi res naturalis in aliqua imperfectione verſatur, hanc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motu ex<lb></lb>pellit qui ſanè ad perfectionem ducit quæ ſecundùm ſuam ipſius propriam <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> naturam eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>hæc verò quies eſt quæ <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> valet, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſſe in ſuo loco naturali. </s> <s>Sed conſideratione ele<lb></lb>menti dimiſſa, quando iam peruenit in ſuum locum; facilis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt explicatu; de illius motu nunc <lb></lb>agamus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> finem perſcrutemur; vanum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quærere cur feratur ad medium terra, vel ignis à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2302"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>medio, ſi Ptolomęum, <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> interpretem Teonem auſcultamus, ſed agamus de efficientibus. <lb></lb></s> <s>In hoc ipſo duo ſpectanda ſeſe offerunt; primum, quando transfertur è poteſtate ſecunda ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm, & cùm prorſus ex quiete præter naturam ſe confert ad motum naturalem. </s> <s>Deinde, <lb></lb>poſtquàm traductum eſt ad <expan abbr="negotiũ">negotium</expan> & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; motus ipſe explorandus, & <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> rei principia <lb></lb>mox reddenda ſunt. </s> <s>Porrò prioris illius traductionis è poteſtate ſecunda ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> actum quę pri<lb></lb>ma eſt tranſmutatio mobilis; cauſſa per accidens eſt, & externa; nempe id quod tollit <expan abbr="impediẽs">impediens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam reiipſius ingenium eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conditio, fungi ſuis muneribus, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>præſtatur aſsiduè, niſi <expan abbr="quip-piã">quip<lb></lb>piam</expan> adſit, quod obſiſtat, vel ita dicente Ariſtotele. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quorum foris eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> generationis, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2303"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> in ipſis eſt, quę <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> nullo <expan abbr="prohibẽte">prohibente</expan> externo per ſe ipſa <expan abbr="erũt">erunt</expan>, actu .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. 2 de An. <expan abbr="re-petẽte">re<lb></lb>petente</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="ſciẽtis">ſcientis</expan> <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> docuit <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe <expan abbr="erupturũ">erupturum</expan> in <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan>, niſi quid obſiſtat externi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verba Gręca ſi deſideras, hæc <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἐκατερος δὲ τούτων</foreign> (meminerat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de eo qui <expan abbr="põtſcire">pontſcire</expan> diſcen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2304"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do, & de eo qui <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> didicit) <foreign lang="grc">οὐ τὸν ἀυτὸν τρόπον δυνατος ἐστὶν, ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν ὁτι τὸ γένος τοιοῦτον καὶ ὴ <lb></lb>ν̔λη. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁ δὲ ὁτι βουληθεὶς δυνατὸς θεωρεῖν, ἂν μήτικωλύσῃ τῶν ἔξωθεν</foreign>. 9. <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Metaph. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr="ſcriptũ">ſcriptum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>repetam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> altius illum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, quia ſic latè patet hoc principium, vt <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> complectatur illum prius <pb pagenum="362"></pb>qui eſt ſecundùm ſubſtantiam, deinde cęteros qui ſunt ſecundùm accidentia, vt ſanitatem, cuius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2305"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proceſſus elementorum motui par conſtituitur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam de ſubſtantia loquens & explicans, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2306"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verè ſit in potentia. <foreign lang="grc">καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν άλλων ὡσαύτως, ὁσων ἔξωθεν ἡ ἀρχή τῆς γενέσεως, καὶ ὁσων <lb></lb>δὴ ἐν αυτῷ τῷ ἔχοντι, ὁσαμηδενὸς τῶν ἔξωθεν ἐμποδιζοντος, ἔσται δὴ ἀωτὰ</foreign>, ac de accidente lo<lb></lb>quens <foreign lang="grc">ἐκειͅ δὲ ἐν τῷ ὑναζομένῳ, ὁταν μηδεν κωλύῃ τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>“Illic autem in eo, quod ſana<lb></lb>tur (actus extabit) quando nihil impediat eorum quæ ſunt in ipſo.” Adeſſe verò obſiſtens fortui<lb></lb>tum eſt, & extra naturæ ordinem. </s> <s>Quamobrem in mobili ipſo exiſtit quidem mutatio prima, <lb></lb>ſed planè per accidens, nam motum impedimenti <expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan>, & ex illo non ſecus efficitur, atque <lb></lb>ex latione variatio poſiturus. </s> <s>Hæc tota per ſe ſubita eſt, quandò vniuerſa terminus eſt cuiuſdam <lb></lb>motus, quanuis ille ſit extrinſecùs, cùm fiat in alio ſubiecto, quod à mobili ipſo diſiunctum eſt, <lb></lb>hoc verò eſt impedimentum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ad primam illam elementi iam geniti <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> obeundam, <lb></lb>hæc præſtò ſunt, id quod per ſe mouetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod per accidens. </s> <s>tum id quod per ſe mutatur, <lb></lb>& id prætereà quod mutatur per accidens. </s> <s>Mouetur ſanè per ſe impedimentum, ſi corpus eſt: quae <lb></lb>ſi non eſt corpus, tamen ab aliquo per ſe mobili proficiſcitur, idcirco <expan abbr="impedimẽti">impedimenti</expan> remotio à per <lb></lb>ſe mobili, ab <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> motu, vel proximè, vel remotè proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Etenim tametſi in aëris ſecunda <lb></lb>regione calor <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ſuſtinet; at prius quàm rei ipſius calidę proprius fiat, pendet à calefaciente. <lb></lb></s> <s>quamobrem illo à quo pendebat, amoto calor incipit extingui. </s> <s>id autem ex quo pendet, vt ignis <lb></lb>per ſe mouetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> calor ille qui deriuatur à radio ſolis, ad per ſe mobile reducitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2307"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nec <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſolem, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hic per ſe non mouetur, ſed ad motum alterius, verùm ad cęlum ipſum, <lb></lb>quod ſolem adducit & abducit. </s> <s>In idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> recidet, ſi ab afficiente ſegreges id quod patitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita fit, vt impedimenti remotio, vel proximè, vt columnæ, vel remotè, vt ignis & ollæ ſeparatio, <lb></lb>ex vero motu naſcatur, <expan abbr="quomodocũque">quomodocunque</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus hic, qui per ſe eſt, redundat ibi in tecti ruinam, <lb></lb>hîc tu prima aquę mutationem, per quam è poteſtate ſecunda tranſit ad officium. </s> <s>Quia tamen <lb></lb>impedire eſt accidens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ordini hæret naturæ, ſed à natura prorſus alienum eſt: <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit, vt per ac<lb></lb>cidens ſit iſte motus impedientium. </s> <s>Rurſus & adeſt mutatio per ſe, ea verò fundatur elemento, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiecto: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> tranſitus ex otio ad officium rei ipſius mobilis <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe eſt. </s> <s>Siquis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quærat quod<lb></lb>nam ſit illud, quod ab ea mutatione nominatur, nil aliud profectò ſuccurrit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> res ipſa mobilis, vt <lb></lb>terra: ipſa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt quæ, cùm maneret prius, poſteà <expan abbr="cõmota">commota</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi per ſe mutari, aut moueri <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> <lb></lb>id quod <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per aliud quod in illo inſit, mutatur; certè res ipſa mobilis ea eſt quæ <lb></lb>per ſe mutatur, & per ſe mutata eſt. </s> <s>Si etiam mutari ad id quod eſt <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aliquo pacto per <lb></lb>ſe dicitur, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nomine mutatio ex otio pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in <expan abbr="negotiũ">negotium</expan> quod eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>eſt mutatio per ſe. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> terra mutatur, aut mutata eſt per accidens, tum quia, quae egeat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2308"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eiuſmodi permutationis, <expan abbr="exortũ">exortum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> ab externo, & extra <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> eſt naturæ, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> talis eſt na<lb></lb>tura ipſius, vt impediatur, ſed <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> contrà naturam. </s> <s>Adeſt ergo per accidens impedimentum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare non ſolùm id ab <expan abbr="impediẽte">impediente</expan> fortuitum eſt, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab illa ipſa re quæ impeditur, quae ſicuti <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inſtituitur ea res ad <expan abbr="impediendũ">impediendum</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> elementum ad id vt impediatur, ac ſi quo pacto pa<lb></lb>ret natura <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, id eſt abſolutè per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, quia nimirùm propter aliud, vt .ſ. </s> <s>impedien<lb></lb>do producat, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> efficiat. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> is eius finis eſt; ſed, ſi natura <expan abbr="corrũpit">corrumpit</expan>, <lb></lb>ita facit, vt generet aliud. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſe eſt tale eſſe <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, vt ad alterum <expan abbr="efficiendũ">efficiendum</expan> <lb></lb>præparetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt hoc impediat, vt illud producat, ideò ſequitur, vt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> mutatio quæ ab <expan abbr="impe-dimẽti">impe<lb></lb>dimenti</expan> remotione ducitur à cauſſa fortuita, <expan abbr="caſuq́">caſuque</expan>. </s> <s>deriuetur. </s> <s>Tum prætereà, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> mutatio rei quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> impediebatur, non eſt <expan abbr="cõparata">comparata</expan> per <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan> quæ anteceſſerit in ſeipſa, ſed per <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ in alio extiterit, <expan abbr="ſecũda">ſecunda</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ratione per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ea mutatio dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc verò, vt diximus, eſt <lb></lb>ab eo quod eſt non eſſe in ſuo loco, ad illi <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> quod eſt ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> obtinere. </s> <s>Quòd ſi eſſe in <lb></lb>ſuo loco eſt functio propria mobilis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem perfecta, mutatio verò veſtigio <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> obitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2309"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm ſit, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> anteà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, terminus motus, profectò eſſe in ſuo loco <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="obeundũ">obeundum</expan> eſſe cenſebitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> euenire noſtræ rei, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oculo, cuius habitus eſt viſus, functio ve<lb></lb>rò, & perfectio ipſa viſio: nam ſi ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habeat, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> videat, ſi non videat, id illi præ<lb></lb>ter naturæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> accidit, & ob aliquod <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, vtputa, quoniam palpebræ, aut manus op<lb></lb>poſita perhibent. </s> <s>Si impedimenta tollantur, videt prorſus, vt nihil in ea functione perfectè <expan abbr="obeũ-da">obeun<lb></lb>da</expan> deſiderari poſsit, & illicò videt <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> ſuam <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> ſimul exercens, vt rectè de illo dici valeat, <lb></lb>vt ait Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & videbat & vidit, quia nil diuidui præſeferat, quod <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> aliqua ſucceſsio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2310"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan>. </s> <s>Ita ergo & mobile quod iam <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt, cùm habitum <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>poſsideat, <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <expan abbr="impe-dimẽto">impe<lb></lb>dimento</expan> remoto ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſuam munere illo perfectiſsimo quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> naturæ ſuæ <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>, <lb></lb>ſiue partium ſucceſsione <expan abbr="temporiſq́">temporiſque</expan>. </s> <s>intercapedine fungetur, & è veſtigio faciet officium ſuum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> efficietur, vt <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtię">reſiſtentię</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> affert <expan abbr="impediẽs">impediens</expan>, ſit <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſſe in ſuo loco: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>hæc eſt ipſius abſoluta <expan abbr="fũctio">functio</expan>. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mutet̃">mutetur</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtũ">elementum</expan>, & è veſtigio <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> occupet, niſi quip<lb></lb>piam intercedat: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ibi è veſtigio, quoniam impeditur, planum quae mouetur per accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi priore puncto mutatio elementi iam geniti, ex impedientis amotione deducitur, perſpi <pb pagenum="363"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2311"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cuum eſt tam ab alio fieri, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> internum eſſe hoc motus <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> primam quandam <expan abbr="muta-tionẽ">muta<lb></lb>tionem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> futuri motus <expan abbr="exordiũ">exordium</expan> eſſe debeat, à nullo extrinſeco <expan abbr="manãtẽ">manantem</expan>, amplius ſuſpicari cogamur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2301"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2302"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2303"></margin.target>a 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2304"></margin.target>b 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2305"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2306"></margin.target>a 4. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2307"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2308"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2309"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2310"></margin.target>b 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2311"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitatio quędam ex Auerroë deprompta contrà principia motus ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>poſita diſcutitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VT primùm elementum mutatum eſt, iam per ſe eſſet in ſuo loco, quia per ſe <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> ede<lb></lb>ret abſolutam quæ planè eſt ſuum locum obtinere: nanque hęc eſt ipſius natura ad quam <lb></lb>motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> dirigitur in iis quæ recta mouentur. </s> <s>Sed auctore Auerroë Themiſtius exagitauit hoc <lb></lb>decretum. </s> <s>Nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obſeruo ſic à Themiſtio pronunciatum, neque in ipſius commentariis, quos <lb></lb>Arabum beneficio legimus, neque item apud Simplicium fideliſsimum <expan abbr="veterũ">veterum</expan> <expan abbr="fragmẽtorum">fragmentorum</expan>, & <lb></lb>antiquiorum <expan abbr="ſentẽtiarum">ſententiarum</expan> <expan abbr="recitatorẽ">recitatorem</expan>, & exploratorem <expan abbr="acerrimũ">acerrimum</expan>: quin potius oppoſitum ab ipſo <lb></lb>ſcriptum <expan abbr="cõperio">comperio</expan>, quemadmodum mox apparebit. </s> <s>O miſerabilem illius ſeculi conditionem, & <lb></lb>nos miſeros, qui tanto bono priuati ſimus, quantum illud eſſet, quod niſi omnibus ferè auxiliis <lb></lb>deſtitutus fuiſſet, in nos contuliſſet philoſophus ille ſapientiſsimus: credo etiam aliquid vitij <expan abbr="tra-latorũ">tra<lb></lb>latorum</expan> eius culpa in illius ſcripta irrepſiſſe, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> caſum dolere debeamus. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>fac alium quendam, aut eundem alibi ſic dubitaſſe, quemadmodum legimus apud Auerroëm. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inuehitur in Ariſtotelem qui <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> eius rei cauſſam reddiderit quæ ſit prorſus inanis: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> du<lb></lb>bitationi ſatisfacit, cuius gratia quærimus cauſſam. </s> <s>Quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex hoc veritatis aſſequitur noſtra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2312"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mens; quando, dubia cùm ſit, cur graue ad infimum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> moueatur, intelligat ſic eſſe natura <expan abbr="cõ-paratum">con<lb></lb>paratum</expan>? </s> <s>nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> videtur <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> didiciſſe, & habere occaſionem requirendi prætereà, cur illa ſit eius <lb></lb>natura, cur ea ſit perfectio, vel finis in quem ſuapte natura contendat. </s> <s>Ad hanc dubitationem re<lb></lb>ſpondere voluit Auerroës, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>monuit duplex eſſe mobilium genus; alterum, quod eſſet ſim<lb></lb>plex, vt terra & aqua, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> compoſitum <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, vt mixtum ex his, ſiue animatum ſit, ſiue inanime. <lb></lb></s> <s>Qnoniam verò ſimplex etiam conſtat ex vniuſmodi cauſſa, compoſitum è plurib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuerſis, vt<lb></lb>puta ſanitas quæ ab arte fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, natura & caſu: ex eo fit, vt cauſſæ vnius redditio quæſtioni Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelicę ſatisfaciat in ſimplicibus, in <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan> verò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco ſic dicendum eſt ad eam du<lb></lb>bitationem, & ipſe vult, eam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> valere in compoſitis: atqui quæſtionem ab Ariſtotele de ſim<lb></lb>plicibus inſtitutam fuiſſe, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non pertinere ad ſimplicia. </s> <s>Videamus ea primùm quę litterarum <lb></lb>monimentis <expan abbr="cõmendauit">commendauit</expan> Themiſtius. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Etenim ferri, inquit ipſe, aliquid in id quod poteſtate eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2313"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ipſo à mouente ſibi proprio & accommodato (<foreign lang="grc">οἰκεῖον</foreign> exprimere voluit) in perfectionem & <lb></lb>finem <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> habet, eſt ferri. </s> <s>At cui'nam rei obſecro, conuenient eiuſmodi ſermones ea de re de qua <lb></lb>nos pertractamus? </s> <s>Dicemus quando mouebuntur corpora quæ natura ſuprà <expan abbr="infraq́">infraque</expan>. </s> <s>ad eorum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2314"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfectionem mouentur, non <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, vt <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> de hac re inquiramus, hoc eſt, in motu eorum ad <lb></lb>hæc duo loca, niſi inclinationem eius quod eſt poteſtate ad <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, hoc eſt, ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & finem, <lb></lb>quemadmodum in reliquis motibus; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt quiſpiam hanc <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> quærat, cur .ſ. </s> <s>quod cura<lb></lb>tur, ad <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan> moueatur, quaſi non conueniat ei, quod curatur, vt ad valetudinem, ſed <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan> <lb></lb>reuertatur, & quod incaleſcit ex eo quod tale, ad valetudinem, non ad caliditatem regrediatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Moueri <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tranſmutari, & augeri in <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> eorum finem eo iure ſe habent quo id quod augetur, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> augetur, quatenus augetur, profectò non ad ſanitatem, ſed ad <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> magnitudinem re<lb></lb>uertitur, & quod tranſmutatur, ad <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> quandam tranſmutatur.” Ita etiam leuia & grauia, <lb></lb>& quæ ſequuntur. </s> <s>Ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Ptolemęo, <expan abbr="Theoniq́">Theonique</expan>. </s> <s>placuere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſuprà ſignificauimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>His recitatis Auerrois ſententiam perpendamus. </s> <s>Cęterùm quot verba, tot errata. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt ab <lb></lb>Ariſtoteleo contextu rem auſpicemur, Auerroës ipſe affert ad <expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan> oppoſitum illud idem <lb></lb>quod vſurpauit Ariſtoteles ad probandum propoſitum. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita de graui dicendum ſit, quae <lb></lb>ſic moueatur, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> illa eius erat natura, ſicut de eo quod augeri & ſanari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, teſtatur ipſemet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2315"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtoteles: Auerroës <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illo abutitur ad monſtrandum eiuſmodi <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> non ſatisfacere in <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>. </s> <s>Ita inane fuiſſet <expan abbr="exẽplum">exemplum</expan> ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm ab eo duceretur, quod eſſet <lb></lb>falſum; verùm etiam ab eo quod eſſet obſcurum. </s> <s>Ignoratur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> an cauſſa illa vna ſatisfaciat in <expan abbr="cõ-poſitis">con<lb></lb>poſitis</expan>; vnde etiam inter tantos viros exorta controuerſia eſt. </s> <s>Sic nulla foret virtus exempli, & <lb></lb>eſſet hoc <expan abbr="exẽplum">exemplum</expan> non re, ſed nomine duntaxat. </s> <s>Deinde falſum illud eſt: in ſimplicibus <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> tan<lb></lb>tum eſſe cauſſam. </s> <s>Etenim & illa conſtant è quattuor cauſſarum generibus materia, forma, fine, <lb></lb>qui locus eſt naturalis & efficiente, quod eſt mouens, quod nunc ipſum tam longo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> veſti<lb></lb>gamus, & <expan abbr="generãte">generante</expan>, quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo eſt <expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan>, vt ignis, qui facit <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>, ſed & Sol &: motus aptus <lb></lb>eſt incendere ligna & lapides, & ego item ſcintillas excutiens è lapide lumen <expan abbr="accẽdo">accendo</expan>, ſicut & me<lb></lb>dicus, & ambulatio, & caſus efficiunt ſanitatem. </s> <s>quòd ſi ignem non vniuocè fieri dixeris à cauſ<lb></lb>ſis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vniuocis, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de ſanitate aſſeuerabo. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſanitas ab vna cauſſa naſcetur, quemad<lb></lb>modum corpora ſimplicia. </s> <s>Quinimmo ſi ſpectentur item, quatenus eorum ſimplices quidam <lb></lb>ſunt effectus, quales ſunt ſimplices motus, illorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> plures eſſe cauſſæ queunt, vtputa, mo<lb></lb>uens ſimplex, mobile ſimplex, & ſpatium ſimplex. </s> <s>Tertiò poteſtas, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, duo ſignificat, <pb pagenum="364"></pb>terminum ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, eum verò per ſeipſa directò ſpectat, vt per ipſum perficiatur aliquandò. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2316"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ptereà dicebat Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> omnem poteſtatem, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, actu definiri: prætereà ſignificat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2317"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actum à quo, cùm prius exiſteret & natura & <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, perducatur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> per quem ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <lb></lb>perficitur. </s> <s>Ergo & omnis poteſtas, ſiue fuerit in ſimplicibus ſiue in <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>, idem ſemper ſigni<lb></lb>ficabit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quęſtioni <expan abbr="ſatisfaciendũ">ſatisfaciendum</expan> eſt per cauſſas illas ex quibus per ſe pendet id quod quę<lb></lb>ritur, per ſe verò pendet ex plurib. cauſsis, ſiue ſimplex, ſeu <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> fuerit; ergo non per <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed per plureis cauſſas quæſtio de corpore ſimplici debebit abſolui. </s> <s>Si verò cauſſam <expan abbr="iſtã">iſtam</expan> quæ du<lb></lb>citur à natura poteſtatis & actus ſepares à cęteris, & eam in ſimplicibus ſatis eſſe <expan abbr="tantũmodò">tantummodò</expan> de<lb></lb>fendas: opponam Ariſtotelem <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui generatim pronunciat, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> eſſe quęrendum, cur è poteſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2318"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te & actu fiat <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> per ſe: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> illa ſit <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> natura, poteſtaris .ſ. </s> <s>vt perueniat ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <lb></lb>velut id quod perfici poteſt ad ſuam <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> & actus, tanquam perficientis, & eadem aſſeren<lb></lb>tis de efficiente, atque materia. </s> <s>Quare cùm illius natura ſit perfici, huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perficere, ne fortè <lb></lb>fruſtra ſint in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> tales facultates, in vnum quoque <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan>, & ex illis vnum per ſe emanat <lb></lb>quod eſt perfectum. </s> <s>Sed tum planè eadem vna cauſſa ſatisfacit propoſitæ quæſtioni, & in ſim<lb></lb>plici & in compoſito, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> vnum eſt per <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> formam, quo facultas vna contendit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> opportunum eſt Auerroi <expan abbr="trãsferre">transferre</expan> <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> ad cauſſas quæ ſint ordinis eiuſdem, quaſi ex <lb></lb>vno genere cauſſa vna ſufficiat, nam de alia cauſſa, ac de materia, & forma nulla fit mentio: eę ve<lb></lb>rò ſingulæ ſunt in <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan> & vna eſt materia proxima <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> formæ, & ex natura formæ, ſeu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2319"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finis qui cum forma conuenit, ab Ariſtotele quæſtio propoſita diſſoluitur. </s> <s>Video te occurrere, & <lb></lb>ſignificare longè diſtare principia <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> à principiis eorum quæ conſtant è ſimplicibus, ſiqui<lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> formæ primò puræ materiæ accedant, mixtorum verò ſit materia proxima & remota <lb></lb>per quas abſoluta cauſſa reddi debeat. </s> <s>Hìc ego dicam illud primum eſſe controuerſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>non repudiat item Auerroës aliquam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniorem">communiorem</expan> de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ quæ ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> forma prior, vt corporis, velut poſteà docebimus: ſi forma remotior, & materies igi<lb></lb>tur, ſecum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perpetuò congruunt materies & forma. </s> <s>Nec non Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> componit aërem è <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2320"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vapore & aſpiratione, ſic habet <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> remotiorem. </s> <s>Tametſi quantùm pertinet ad hoc quod <lb></lb>quęritur, problema reſoluitur in naturam materiæ <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimpliciter quæ ratio pariter ſpectat <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> genera rerum naturalium. </s> <s>Proinde nulla eſt differentia inter ſimplicia & mixta hoc ipſo no<lb></lb>mine, vt vides. </s> <s>Nam quæram ego, valeat'ne hæc ratio in mixtis: ſi neges: opponam <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>: <lb></lb>ſi fatearis: ergo (inquam ego) ratio communis. </s> <s>Quamobrem non eſt diſpar eorum ratio, quod <lb></lb>accepit Auerroës, & Ariſtoteles ipſe perpetuò profeſſus eſt, dum hæc initia generatim eſſe conſti<lb></lb>tuit motus naturalis <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> inanimorum. </s> <s>Ac profectò, niſi dicamus Auerroëm id ſibi velle cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2321"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſam <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> in ſimplicibus poſſe quæſtioni ſatisfacere, non item in <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>, quae in <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan> cauſſa<lb></lb>rum ordine vna ſufficiat, quia ſimplex, vt vnum efficiens, vnum ſpacium & mobile ſimiliter, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>perſpicio veritatem eius pronunciati. </s> <s>Verùm quæſtio puerilis & nugatoria, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illius loco. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>inde quæſtio ſedatur optimè per illud quod ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="ſcriptũ">ſcriptum</expan> eſt & à Themiſtio repetitum, <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quęſtio hęc eſt, ſed <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quod ex <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> notitia <expan abbr="exploratũ">exploratum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eius rei cauſ<lb></lb>ſa vlla afferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed eius rei natura. </s> <s>Non nego <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eiuſdem quæſtionis, ſeu principij potius <expan abbr="ex-ternã">ex<lb></lb>ternam</expan> aliquam cauſſam eſſe poſſe, vt <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> generalem, quae forma exiſtat; & efficiens quod formam <lb></lb>cum materia copulet: ſed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> iſtæ cauſſę proximę ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc cauſſę genus requiritur in noti<lb></lb>tia quę tendit ad id, vt <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> credamus eſſe formaliter quæ in habente principia parari ſolet notitia <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> quæ ſunt intra <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan>, ſi principia fuerint, ſeipſis <expan abbr="cõtẽta">contenta</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> principij <expan abbr="lo-cũ">lo<lb></lb>cum</expan> obtinet, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modò in phyſiologia; verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in prima philoſophia, vt maximè perſuaderi poſsis <lb></lb><expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <expan abbr="certiorẽ">certiorem</expan> eius rei <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> reddi poſſe, idcirco <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="falsũ">falsum</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="aſsũpſerat">aſsumpſerat</expan> ineptus ille dubitator.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2312"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2313"></margin.target>a 4. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tt. 23. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2314"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2315"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2316"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2317"></margin.target>a 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2318"></margin.target>b 9 Met. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 68.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2319"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2320"></margin.target>c 2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2321"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Principia motus elementi iam geniti exponuntur, Cap. </s> <s>XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2322"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2322"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS de prima elementi ipſius tranſmutatione diſputatum eſt, nunc conſequens <lb></lb>eſt, vt agamus de elementi motu, poſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fuit mutatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> planum quidem eſt, quae ſi formę <lb></lb>nil obſtaret, protinus ſuo munere <expan abbr="sũmo">summo</expan> fungeretur, hoc verò eſt obtinere <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>; idcirco ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eo fungitur, iam <expan abbr="impeditã">impeditam</expan> fuiſſe conſtat. </s> <s>At poſt impediens illud primum quae iam <expan abbr="cõſtituitur">conſtituitur</expan> <expan abbr="amo-tũ">amo<lb></lb>tum</expan>, & de medio <expan abbr="ſublatũ">ſublatum</expan>, nil aliud eſſe videtur àc medium. </s> <s>Proptereà medium eſt vniuerſa cauſſa <lb></lb>officij illius imperfecti quod obitur, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> verſatur adhuc <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> in loco <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturali; quod, cùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> abſoluatur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> facit, vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> quod alioqui per ſe mutaretur, inſuper moueatur: opera<lb></lb>retur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> veſtigio <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan>; hoc eſt, eſſet in proprio loco. </s> <s>Verùm quia manet extra <expan abbr="pro-priũ">pro<lb></lb>prium</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, & interiicitur <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> quod interuentu <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> <expan abbr="repugnãtię">repugnantię</expan>, ipſi reſiſtit, & prohibet, quomi<lb></lb>nus fit in loco proprio per <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan>; fit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt in hac adeptione loci <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> interueniat, ex quo <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan> <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan>. Et verò <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> in hac mutatione, ac ſi cogitemus <expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan> <expan abbr="nubẽ">nubem</expan> inter oculos <expan abbr="nr̃os">nostros</expan> <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="ſolẽ">ſolem</expan> <expan abbr="interiectã">interiectam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> prorſus <expan abbr="illi9">illius</expan> <expan abbr="aſpectũ">aſpectum</expan> auferret, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſi nulla nubes <expan abbr="ĩtercederet">intercederet</expan>, indiuiduo <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="ſpe-ctar̃">ſpe<lb></lb>ctari</expan> <expan abbr="poſsẽt">poſsent</expan>, paullatim attenuari, & ex aëre excuti, donec liquidus & limpidiſsimus aër <expan abbr="relinquat̃">relinquatur</expan>. </s> <s></s></p> <pb pagenum="365"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2323"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nam videtur ſolis aſpectus aliquo tempore fieri, & quaſi per motum, cùm tamen viſio fiat in in<lb></lb>ſtanti: non ob aliud certè, quam quae impedimentum illud aliquo <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> interuallo <expan abbr="ſubductũ">ſubductum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem non mobili per ſe, ſed impedimento fundatur tempus & motus. </s> <s>Nec ab his aliena <lb></lb>ſunt ea quæ de tranſmutatione elementi in vacuo nobis antehàc conſtituta ſunt. </s> <s>Ita vt, ſi rectè <lb></lb>conſideres ingenium motus in elemento iam genito, videbitur veluti priuatio quædam & impo<lb></lb>tentia: ſiquidem veſtigio <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> operari deberet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> moueri, nec mutari etiam, poſtquam geni<lb></lb>tum eſt, ſed mutatur, quia fuerit prius impeditum; mouetur, quia non poteſt cauſſa medij ſuum <lb></lb>munus obire, vt eius natura requirit. </s> <s>Cęterùm non iniuria dubitauerit quiſpiam. </s> <s>Motus eſt fun<lb></lb>ctio quædam; ergo quid poſitiuum. </s> <s>at ſic erit priuatio. </s> <s>Tum eadem ipſa quæ prius de motu me<lb></lb>dij & elementi ſunt à nobis animaduerſa. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hîc habemus elementum mutati per ſe, mo<lb></lb>ueri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> propter medium. </s> <s>Primò quod' nam ſit eius motus ſubiectum. </s> <s>Deinde quę'nam eius <lb></lb>cauſſa prima. </s> <s>Prætereà qui modus ſit hic motus; an'ne per ſe, an per accidens. </s> <s>Tum deinde <lb></lb>quid moueat medium, & quæ ſit ſpecies motus, qua ipſum agitatur, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> motus hic elemento <lb></lb>fundari videtur, cùm ipſum ſit, quod propriè <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> dici moueri: quandò moueri ſecundùm locum <lb></lb>nil aliud ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mutare locum per ſe, hoc eſt, quia ſit actu ſeparatum in aliquo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, & traduca<lb></lb>tur potentia ſecundùm vbi, ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eiuſdem prædicamenti, quæ cùm appareant vniuerſa in ele<lb></lb>mento, faciunt etiam. </s> <s>vt motus hic elemento per ſe conueniat. </s> <s>Etiam remouens prohibens cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2324"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſa prima exiſtimabitur, quoniam inde incipit vniuerſa mutatio. </s> <s>Rurſus, quia non niſi mutatio<lb></lb>nis eſt cauſſa, motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab alio proficiſcitur, non ſine <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> credetur non eſſe cauſſa prima. </s> <s>Quin<lb></lb>etiam ſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> eſt id quod mouet, <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> non eſt, quin & ipſum moueri prius oporteat, at à quó<lb></lb>nam? </s> <s>ſi à mobili, ergo mobile ſeipſum mouebit primò, ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad regulam illam confugiam, <lb></lb>quę de mouentium ordine allate eſt 8. Phyſ. Inſuper quæ'nam ſpecies erit ea motus? </s> <s>Quòd ſi <lb></lb>contrà mobile dixeris à medio moueri, <expan abbr="quęrẽdum">quęrendum</expan> item erit, quæ'nam ſpecies ea naturalis motus <lb></lb>habenda ſit. </s> <s>Poſtremò etiam quęſtione dignum eſt; an'ne per ſe mouentia hæc moueant, an per <lb></lb>accidens. </s> <s>Nam ſi per ſe mouetur elementum, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> & mouens per ſe eſſe opus eſt. (cauſſæ enim <lb></lb>& effecta conſimilibus differentiis pollent) ſi verò per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eſt mouens; ergo etiam motus ele<lb></lb>menti per accidens ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Ita quicquid attigeris vlcus eſt. </s> <s>At verò hinc fortaſſe ſumi po<lb></lb>terit initium expediendi controuerſias omneis quæ fuere propoſitę. </s> <s>Nam quod opponis motum <lb></lb>hunc fore priuationem, & tamen ipſe quidam actus eſt, fateor illam eſſe functionem, & quid <expan abbr="po-ſitiuũ">po<lb></lb>ſitiuum</expan>, ſed functionem <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> imperfectam; quapropter ineſt in ipſo aliquid priuationis. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>ſolùm eo tempore motus à cauſſa poſitiua deſcendit, verùm etiam à priuante. </s> <s>Nam cauſſa po<lb></lb>ſitiua eſt ipſa natura, à qua <expan abbr="cõpellitur">compellitur</expan> ad id, vt ſit in ſuo loco, ſed quae ipſum aſſequatur per motum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2325"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſa eſt <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> quod eſt de genere priuantium. </s> <s>Eodem pacto dicemus, in vacuo mixti <lb></lb>motum ex interna reſiſtentia miniſtrari. </s> <s>Quandoquidem merito vacui poſſet aſſequi terminos <lb></lb>motus in inſtanti, ſed cùm habeat <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> repugnantiam, id in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> præſtare cogitur, ac ſola do<lb></lb>minantis elementi natura eſt cauſſa poſitiua quæ cùm iam abſoluta ſit, flagitat munus illud <expan abbr="per-fectũ">per<lb></lb>fectum</expan>, quod eſt obtinere locum ſuum, ſed hoc non patitur interna repugnantia. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>& hic motus ille eſt impotentia quędam, & extitit ex priuatione. </s> <s>Cętera quæ ſequuntur <expan abbr="quan-dã">quan<lb></lb>dam</expan> <expan abbr="perorationẽ">perorationem</expan> deſiderant eorum quæ ſuprà longo ſermone concluſa ſunt. </s> <s>Poſtquàm igitur ele<lb></lb>mentum ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm fuit traductum, operatur planè ſecundùm naturam ſuam. </s> <s>Sit ergo <lb></lb>corpus graue: iam fungitur officio ſuo, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt vergere deorſum, & opprimere. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de leui pro ratione faciendum, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ipſum euehitur, & contra medium ſuopte impul<lb></lb>ſu nititur. </s> <s>verùm quia magis in graui perſpicua fiunt hæc, graue nunc accipiamus, & ea quæ in <lb></lb>hoc officio ipſi contingunt, obſeruemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> opprimit ea quæ ſubſunt corpora: hæc vero, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2326"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>media ſunt, & ſubtilia cedunt prementi: ex quo efficitur, vt nihil offendens, quod renitatur in<lb></lb>cedentis locum ſubeat elementum. </s> <s>Proinde quemadmodum medij partes ſubinde cedunt op<lb></lb>preſsę: ſic illarum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> occupat id quod oppreſsit: ita ſeſe mutuò afficiunt, dum premit hoc, & <lb></lb>dum cedens <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, promouet ipſum, ſeu potius promoueri patitur, donec ad locum peruenerit <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, vbi iam manet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inde niſi vi illata ſegregatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hoc illud eſt quod diuiſionis no<lb></lb>mine nobis expreſsit Ariſtoteles cum 2. de cęlo. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in extremo quarto. </s> <s>Cęterùm poſsit hîc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2327"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opponere <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> eiuſmodi <expan abbr="ceſsionẽ">ceſsionem</expan> facit, ergo mouet <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouet à medio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus ſi mouetur, quae ab eo primùm fuit concitatum; profectò <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> mouebit primò: non igitur <lb></lb>ab alio, veluti nos ipſi defendere conamur. </s> <s>Aduerte tu ſedulò <expan abbr="pręgrauationẽ">pręgrauationem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, vt ita dicam, <lb></lb><expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oppreſsionẽ">oppreſsionem</expan> ab elemento <expan abbr="factã">factam</expan>, non eſſe propriè <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, ſed energian tantum ipſius <lb></lb>grauis quę <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> ineſt in graui, dum manet extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum, nec ab eo diuellitur, ſiue moueatur <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> naturam, ſiue etiam maneat pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & <expan abbr="ingẽs">ingens</expan> <expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan> premit <expan abbr="columnã">columnam</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> niſi ro<lb></lb>buſtior ſit, ipſam conterat, ſed manet ſublime, quia major eſt <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtis">reſiſtentis</expan> columnę vis, quàm <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> <lb></lb>ſaxi pręgrauantis. </s> <s>Quòd ſi corpus <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> infirmius ſuccedere columnę fingas, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="operabit̃">operabitur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à ſubiecto corpore ſuſtinebitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="cedẽs">cedens</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corpus <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> efficiet in eo <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. <pb pagenum="366"></pb>Sic ceſsio medij per ſe non deſiderat motum in elemento, ſed tantum corporis ipſius energian, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2328"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceſsionem medij poſtmodò loci mutatio conſequitur. </s> <s>Verùm, quoniam hæc per ſe ſubita foret: <lb></lb>cùm ſit functio formæ, & indiuiduo conſiſtat, quoniam medium ex toto non cedit, ſed ex parte; <lb></lb>fit ea loci mutatio ſucceſsiuè in elemento. </s> <s>Quamobrem exoritur inde motus. </s> <s>Hic te video rur<lb></lb>ſus inſistere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> oppreſsio eſt pulſio quædam, ea verò ſpecies eſt lationis. </s> <s>Elementum igitur <lb></lb>loco mouebit medium. </s> <s>At quod loco mouet, ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueri neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>quòd ſi moueri <lb></lb>ipſum fateamur; redibit iam propoſita difficultas: elementum nimirùm, ſe prius ipſum <expan abbr="moturũ">moturum</expan>, <lb></lb>quàm moueat medium. </s> <s>Procedamus hîc pedetentim, & ſingula <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> exploremus. </s> <s>Oppreſ<lb></lb>ſio pulſio quædam eſt. </s> <s>Fatemur. </s> <s>nam & ipſe Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex eo rotundam eſſe terram conclu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2329"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>debat, quae partes ſuperiores grauitate premant inferiores. </s> <s>Prętereà verbis hiſce philoſophus agens <lb></lb>de medio multò clarius id pronunciauit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">τὴν μὲν οὗν ἄνω ποιήσει φορὰν ᾗ χοῦφος ὄταν ὼσ<gap></gap><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2330"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>καὶ λαβῃ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀσπο' τῆς δυνάμεως</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>vt verbum verbo exprimamus. </s> <s>Eam igitur quæ ſur<lb></lb>ſum eſt, faciet lationem, quatenus leuis eſt, cùm pulſus fuerit, ac ſumpſerit initium motus ab ipſa <lb></lb>potentia. </s> <s>adſcribitur id pulſio eſt motus, & hoc damus, ſed ſpecta obſecro, pulſionem eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>in eo quod mouetur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in eo quod mouet, & eſſe motum rei quæ pellitur, pellentis verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>item. </s> <s>cùm autem ſubiicitur, pulſionem eſſe motum de loco. </s> <s>Primùm hîc inſiſto, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt de <lb></lb>loco ſimpliciter, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tum motus ſecundùm locum, quando mobile totum mutat locum, id verò <lb></lb>non contingit in re noſtra. </s> <s>Ita enim Ariſtoteles ipſe dicebat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Videtur enim id quidem quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2331"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2332"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alteratur, non ex neceſsitate tranſmutari ſecundùm <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, neque quod generatur.” Et tamen alte<lb></lb>ratio & generatio non ſine aliquo incremento, aut decremento fiunt, ſic Ariſtotele teſtante: <lb></lb>“Secundum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> alterationem, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> tranſmutantur naturalium <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, habentia videmus <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> & argumentationem & diminutionem. </s> <s>hæc verò non ſine loci mutatione fiunt, nec tamen <lb></lb>lationes exiſtimantur. </s> <s>id ex Ariſtotele colligitur. </s> <s>inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Quod autem augmentatur & dimi<lb></lb>nuitur, alio autem modo ab eo quod fertur: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fertur, totum mutat locum, quod autem <lb></lb>augmentatur, quemadmodum quod extenditur, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> manente particulę tranſmutantur <expan abbr="ſecũ-dum">ſecun<lb></lb>dum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, non quemadmodum quæ ſphærę: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inæquali loco toto manente tranſmutatur, <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eius, quod augetur, ſemper in ampliorem locum, in minorem autem, eius, quod diminuà<lb></lb>tur”: ideſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> moueri totum, cum centrum mouetur, & alium locum occupat, & ideſt moueri per <lb></lb>locum. </s> <s>at omnia hæc <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> centro permanente augeri poſſunt imminui, & alterari. </s> <s>Si rarefactio <lb></lb>& denſatio non ſunt motus ſecundùm locum <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ceſsio, de qua nunc agimus. </s> <s>quippe quę <lb></lb>reapſe denſatio ſit, vt abundè nos docuit Ariſtoteles. 4. Phyſ. in iis quæ de vacuo <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> Zythum: <lb></lb>hæc autem continuitate partium conſeruata fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quibus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> locus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2333"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe, cuius ceſsionis cauſſa, tanquam actus eſt grauitas elementi <expan abbr="impellẽs">impellens</expan>, ſeu potius expellens è dia<lb></lb>metro mundi ad latera. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propellere crediderim, ne in vnum è regione <expan abbr="coactũ">coactum</expan> medium, <lb></lb>quod cęteroqui facile cogitur, reſiſtat potius, & elementi progreſſum finem verſus remoretur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ex quo ſequitur, vt aſſumptum illius argumenti ſit falſum. </s> <s>Rurſus detur hanc eſſe partium me<lb></lb>dij lationem, cùm tu ſubdis. </s> <s>Id quod mouet eo motu, mouetur etiam. </s> <s>eſto & hoc: eo ſi non'ne <lb></lb>mouetur elementum? </s> <s>At inquis. </s> <s>igitur à ſeipſo mouetur, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>tua decreta majorem in modum <lb></lb>oppugnat. </s> <s>Minimè, inquam, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id neceſſariò ſequitur, vt mouens, quatenus mouet prius <lb></lb>moueatur, ſed nihil obſtat etiam ipſum moueri poſterius. </s> <s>nil obſtat item, vt mutetur, veluti <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>elementum genitum à remouente prohibens. </s> <s>Id quod item Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="exẽpla">exempla</expan> nobis <expan abbr="patefaciũt">patefaciunt</expan>, <lb></lb>vbi de mutua perpeſsione verba facit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Et quod ſecat hebetatur: inquit ipſe, & quod pellit, con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2334"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trà pellitur, & dum calefacit, frigefit. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt in mouendo moueatur, non ſanè priuſquàm mo<lb></lb>ueat, moueri debet. </s> <s>Sed moueri poſterius hîc eſt natura, quàm mouere, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calefaciens qua<lb></lb>tenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, mouetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur pellens, quatenus huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Neque neceſſe eſt, vt eadem ſit ſpe<lb></lb>cies motus, vt etiam apertiſsimis exemplis ibidem ab Ariſtotele poſitis conſtat. </s> <s>Nil itidem obſtat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2335"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motum in alio non ab actu motu proficiſci, ſed ab energia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> produci poteſt, quam in <expan abbr="elemẽ-to">elemen<lb></lb>to</expan> genito propter innatam propenſionem conſtituimus. </s> <s>Oportebat autem illud approbare, nil <lb></lb>aliud poſſe mouere, quin eadem ſpecie motus ipſum moueatur, quod facere non licet. </s> <s>En hic <lb></lb>etiam tibi Græcè loquentem Ariſtotelem (ne forte ſuſpicionem vllam tibi afferant auctoritateis <lb></lb>Ariſtotelicę) quibus frequentiſsimè vtimur. <foreign lang="grc">ὁτι καὶ τὸ ποιοιῶ πάσχει ἀπὸ τοῦ πάσχοντος, οἷον <lb></lb>τὸ τέμνον ἀμβλυν́εται ἀπὸ τοῦ τεμνομέ νου, καὶ τὸ θερμαῖνον ψύχεται ἀπὸ τοῦ θερμαινομένου. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ <lb></lb>ὁλως τὸ κινοιῶ έξωτοῦ πρώτου ἀντικινεῖται τινα κινησιν, ο̂́ιον τὸ ὠ θοῦν ἀντοθεῖται πως καὶ ἀντι<lb></lb>θλιβουται π' θλιβον</foreign>. </s> <s>& reliqua. </s> <s>Hîc fortaſſe reclamabis aliud ſentire Ariſtotelem, cùm inuehi<lb></lb>tur in Antiquos <expan abbr="ſtatuẽteis">ſtatuenteis</expan>, animum eſſe ignem, aut ſpiritum, quia prius eum moueri <expan abbr="cõtingeret">contingeret</expan>, <lb></lb>quàm corpus agitaret <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpecie motus. </s> <s>Sed videſis, eos in illo motu nihil attribuere natu<lb></lb>ræ, nihil de motu per accidens verba facere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus initium aliunde animo concedere, qua<lb></lb>propter ex ſeipſo moueri animum oportebat, & ita mouere, quemadmodum moueretur. </s> <s>Nos <lb></lb>hîc contra & motus initium damus, & tractamus motum per accidens, & aliquid naturæ adſcri <pb pagenum="367"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2336"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> par non eſt ratio motus qui ponitur à veteribus ab animo præſtari, & illius cuius <lb></lb>cauſſas in præſentia perquirimus. </s> <s>Hoc loco video te in medio verba Ariſtotelis afferre, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> pro<lb></lb>nunciaſſe nouimus à motore medium concitari, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab eo quod mouet <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>, quod in hac <lb></lb>hypotheſi, cùm ſit remouens prohibens: ergo non ab elemento, quod mouetur, ſed ab eo quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="prohibẽs">prohibens</expan> abſtulit, agitabitur. </s> <s>Etenim ipſe <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> duo motus initia proponit: naturam quæ principium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2337"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus eſt in eo in quo ineſt: & potentiam quæ in alio, quatenus eſt aliud: hanc verò externam eſ<lb></lb>ſe, & vim mouentis obtinere nos ſuprà docuimus, & Ariſtoteles hîc confirmat. </s> <s>Sed cùm id quod <lb></lb>mouetur, vel ſecundùm, vel præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueatur, in eo quod mouetur ſecundùm naturam, <lb></lb>efficiens concurrens, ſimul cum ipſa natura <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> præſtabit, in eo verò quod præter naturam, <lb></lb>ipſum efficiens ſolum. </s> <s>Sed quantum ſpectat ad medium, in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> motu, aër eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtum">inſtrumentum</expan>, <lb></lb>quia grauis eſt ſimul, & leuis. </s> <s>ideò, quatenus grauis impulſum recipiet deorſum, quatenus leuis <lb></lb>ſurſum: nam vim in <expan abbr="viroq.">viroque</expan> mouens imprimit, & ei quod mouetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item medio, poſteà ſub<lb></lb>iungit. </s> <s>Cùm quoque, qui ſecundùm naturam <expan abbr="vniuſcuiuſq.">vniuſcuiuſque</expan> eſt, motum promouet eodem modo. <lb></lb></s> <s>E quibus contra poſitionem noſtram duo colliguntur. </s> <s>Primum quidem, quod mouens elemen<lb></lb>tum & id quod extra eſt, <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> moueat, medium ſcilicet, & elementum, <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> vim <expan abbr="imprimẽdo">imprimendo</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde, ſi vis à mouente imprimitur medio, ipſum mouere item mobile, vbi ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2338"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>moueatur, ſicut mouet ipſum, quando mouetur præter naturam. </s> <s>Sed præter naturam mouetur <lb></lb>prius medium, à medio mouetur elementum. </s> <s>Ergo etiam ſic fiet vbi moueatur ſecundùm natu<lb></lb>ram. </s> <s>Adeſt & anceps quædam ſententia philoſophi in eodem loco, ex qua facile ſuſpicio ſubo<lb></lb>riatur inanimis noſtris, ne fortè ab intrinſeco principio naturalis motus adminiſtretur. </s> <s>Cùm ſi<lb></lb>gnificet Ariſtoteles vim quæ affertur ab externo, velocitatem addere, quaſi motus ſimpliciter, & <lb></lb>velocitas natiua ab interno principio deriuetur. </s> <s>Hæc igitur contra nos afferri nunc poſſe viden<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Ita nos de vero & falſo dicemus, quod de bono quidam poëta prædicabat. </s> <s>Nullum eſſe quod <lb></lb>tanquam arbor ex vna radice naſcatur, ſed quippiam mali ſemper agnoſci.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2323"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2324"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2325"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2326"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2327"></margin.target>a T. 82.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2328"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2329"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2330"></margin.target>b 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2331"></margin.target>c 1. de ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2332"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2333"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2334"></margin.target>d Lib. 4. de <lb></lb>Gen. an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2335"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2336"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2337"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2338"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quibus modis elementi iam geniti motus obeatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATTAMEN & hæc loca, ſi rectè percipiantur, <expan abbr="ſentẽtiam">ſententiam</expan> noſtram non oppugnant. </s> <s>Et enim <lb></lb>potentia id ibi appellatur, quod extrinſecus agit, & id genus, quod non eſt patibilis facultas, <lb></lb>ſed magis propriè virtus quæ item cum entelechia conueniat. </s> <s>Et hæc elementi grauitas quam fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2339"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>temur eſſe potentiam, medium agitat, quod eſt aliud ab ipſa. </s> <s>Tum deinde medium mouet ele<lb></lb>mentum impreſſa ſibi vi ab <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> facultate, nec tamen eadem mouendi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ineſt in medio, dum <lb></lb>naturali motui ſeruit, & dum ei, qui contra naturam eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hîc à tergo medium mouet par<lb></lb>teis aëris anterioreis propellens quæ partim præueniunt mobile, & quaſi viam recludunt, & par<lb></lb>tim quaſi de loco ad locum tranſuehunt, ibi mouet ſucceſsiuè cedens in latus, nec adhibens im<lb></lb>pulſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat illa vox <foreign lang="grc">ἐπουρίζειν</foreign>, quæ nimiùm putidè à Simplicio perpenſa veritati pro<lb></lb>pemodum tenebras offudit. </s> <s>voluit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe impetum à tergo collatum eiuſmodi voce ſignificari, <lb></lb>cùm tamen, ſi in vi vocis illius perſiſtere velimus, & rem ab actu illo deducere, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ponit ob ocu<lb></lb>los; ea voce <expan abbr="nõmodò">nommodò</expan> vis à tergo metaphora exprimatur, verùm etiam à lateribus, vt in leonibus <lb></lb>item, vnde ſumpta eſt, qui ſe cauda percutiunt, vt ocyus moueantur & currant, à lateribus eſſe vi<lb></lb>deatur ea vis, inibi facta percuſsione. </s> <s>Nolo enim te latêre Leonem in cauda conditum inter pi<lb></lb>los habere ſtimulum nigrum veluti corneum, quo, cùm pungitur, præ dolore magis irritatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inde Homerus elegantiſsimè.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2340"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2339"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2340"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Οὐρῇ δὲ πλευράς τε καί ἰσχιας ἀμφοτέρωθεν <lb></lb>Μαστιεται. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"></foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἑ ε δ' ἀυτὸν ἐπο ερμύει μαχέσασθαι</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>quod item facit in mari magno circa Taprobanen inſulam piſcis huic cognominis, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ille ar<lb></lb>tificioſo nomine <foreign lang="grc">ἀκαῖα</foreign>, quia ſeſe ſtimulat <foreign lang="grc">εἰς ἀρκὴν</foreign>, appellatus. </s> <s>Etiam taurus ſe cauda <expan abbr="verberãs">verberans</expan> <lb></lb>acuit ſe in iras. </s> <s>Quamobrem illa promotio de qua meminit Ariſtoteles, communius quid notat, <lb></lb>quàm pulſionem à tergo quę certè ſolùm exiſtit in motu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturali, in naturali autem, cur adſit <lb></lb>nulla eſt cauſſa, in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>manet ſimilitudo, quae cedens à lateribus excipiat mobile. </s> <s>Neque id officit <lb></lb>quod ab Ariſtotele dicitur [eodem modo] quaſi intelligendum ſit, vt vniuſmodi penitus <expan abbr="vtro-biq.">vtro<lb></lb>bique</expan> ſit ratio efficiendi motus, ſed ſimilitudo <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>, & conuenientia quędam generalis quæ manet <lb></lb>in eo, vt medium ſit motus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> cauſſa, tum in leuibus, tum in grauibus. </s> <s>quoniam participat <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtramq.">vtramque</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Et perſpicuè cernitur prima illius loci verba de motu violento fuiſſe pronun<lb></lb>ciata. </s> <s>Ita etiam quod obiicitur ex ambiguitate ſententiæ dilucidari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ex hoc, quòd non ſcru<lb></lb>tetur hic Ariſtoteles vniuerſa principia motus naturalis, ſed officium <expan abbr="tãtummodò">tantummodò</expan> potentię, cùm <lb></lb>in motu naturali, tum in eo qui eſt præter naturam. </s> <s>“Cęterùm & hanc ſententiam Themiſtius <lb></lb>approbauit, cuius hæc ſunt verba. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Etenim ex ea parte, vnde terra mouetur, pellit corpus ſibi <arrow.to.target n="marg2341"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oppoſitum: vis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ac impetus pellentis erit grauitas, quoniam aër, tametſi leuis ſit, & ſimiliter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <pb pagenum="368"></pb>pilus hominis, cuius tamen, ſi pars aliqua ſumatur, deorſum pellitur, aër autem grauis apparebit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2342"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propter pulſionem è ſublimi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem ille. </s> <s>Ita deorſum <expan abbr="cõcitatur">concitatur</expan>, cùm ſit leuis: quare <lb></lb>etiam, quia leuis, eget pulſione, quoniam reſiſtit.” Sic ergo, vt dictum eſt, in elemento genito mo<lb></lb>tus ſecundùm naturam adminiſtratur. </s> <s>Ab his ego tranſeo ad explicandos modos, & formulas <lb></lb>huiuſce motus: quibus peractis facile erit quęſtionum propoſitarum exitum inuenire. </s> <s>Princi<lb></lb>piò igitur ab alio mutatur elementum cum per ſe, tum per accidens iis ipſis modis quos anteà <lb></lb>narrauimus. </s> <s>Deinde mouetur medium per ſe, ea ſcilicet motione quæ propriè non eſt <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb>locum, licet ad eiuſmodi <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> motus redigatur, quandò mutatur aliqua ex parte locus, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>omnino, quemadmodum in abſoluta latione contingebat. </s> <s>A medio per accidens <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>mouetur, quia cùm ſit eius propria functio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfecta, eſſe in ſuo loco. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>quantùm eſt meri<lb></lb>to principiorum ſuæ functionis, in temporis puncto fieri deberet; proptereaque non cedit illi ex to<lb></lb>to elementum; ex hoc efficitur, vt ibi <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> intercedat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſucceſsio non ſanè formæ, quoniam <lb></lb>ipſius opus indiuiduum eſt, & totum ſimul. </s> <s>ſed propter magnitudinem & diſtantiam, non certè <lb></lb>ſpatij ipſius abſolutè, quandoquidem & in vacuo poſſet fieri motus, ſed medij quod aliquo pa<lb></lb>cto reſiſtit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic, vt nullo pacto cedat, ſed paullatim ipſi det locum: vnde tempus interueniat <lb></lb>in ea loci adeptione, & ſubinde motus, vt optimè <expan abbr="reſpõdeat">reſpondeat</expan> motus hic motui ſolarij, qui per pon<lb></lb>derum a<expan abbr="ppenſionem">perpenſionem</expan> adminiſtratur: adeſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi pondus maximum, quod talem habet proportio<lb></lb>nem ad trochleas & rotulas, vt eas, niſi quippiam obſtaret, temporis puncto, vel exiguo <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> ſpa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2343"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio volueret, adhibentur <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> ſuſpenſa ſingula pondiuſcula quæ maioris illius ponderis impe<lb></lb>tum remorantia, <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> rotularum conuerſionem attemperant, & ad horæ vnius interuallum <lb></lb>producunt. </s> <s>Sic tempus in ea conuerſione ponitur, & ita fit motus. </s> <s>Itidem ex medij reſiſtentia <lb></lb>tempus, & ab hoc motus efficitur. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per ſe mouetur, quatenus in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> locum mutat. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Deniq.">Denique</expan> hoc eſt verum ſubiectum motus, qui ſecundùm locum eſt, quando illud eſt, nec per aliud <lb></lb>id facit quod in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> mutat vniuerſum locum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> is eſt ordo cauſſarum efficientium hunc <lb></lb>motum. </s> <s>Primùm adeſt remouens prohibens, quod tantùm mutat elementum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouet, <lb></lb>deinde elementi grauitas, quæ medium pellit, tertiò medium, quae eo commoto ſtatim producitur <lb></lb>motus, qui tametſi proximè fundetur elemento, tamen habet <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> accidentis, cùm eiuſmodi <lb></lb>affectio, <expan abbr="cauſſaq́">cauſſaque</expan>. </s> <s>motus præter naturæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> in ipſo ſint. </s> <s>Idcirco cùm ab alio mutetur, non mo<lb></lb>uet ſe per ſe primò, cùm moueat <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, ab <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>viciſsim per accidens moueatur, neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſe per <lb></lb>ſe mouet: oporteret enim vt per ſe moueret medium, & à medio per ſe moueretur; per ſe autem <lb></lb>dico, tanquam à cauſſa, vt aiunt, eſſentialiter ordinata. </s> <s>Poſſet verò quiſpiam hic opponere: <lb></lb>primùm quidem, aſſumptum falsò fuiſſe, pelli <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ab elementi grauitate, grauitas <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2344"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quædam eſt, vt poſteà docebimus: atqui poteſtas efficiens eſſe cauſſa non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> medium ab <lb></lb>ipſa non pelletur. </s> <s>Tum deinde elementi motus ſimplex non erit, ſed compoſitus è pluribus cer<lb></lb>to ordine inter ſe diſpoſitis; quinimmo non tantùm ex naturalibus, ſed ex violentis motus ille <lb></lb>conſtabit: nam pulſio motus violentus eſſe reputatur, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eo nomine notarit Antiquos Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui pulſionem <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> motuum cauſſam fecerint. </s> <s>quod item eo magis abſurdum eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2345"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo cum id quod ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt, violento præcedat, hîc ſit prior ille qui eſt contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>proptereà non eſſet motus iſte ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Adde etiam, quia, ſi motus hic per <lb></lb>accidens habendus eſt, non igitur ſecundùm naturam, non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cohęrere hæc poſſe videntur. </s> <s>Poſtre<lb></lb>mò, quoniam hic motus ſine diuiſione medij non adminiſtratur; at diuiſio eſt ad interitum. </s> <s>igi<lb></lb>tur præter naturam. </s> <s>Verùm aduerte obſecro, grauitatem, ſiue formam illam, vnde proficiſcitur <lb></lb>grauitas, obtinere quidem poteſtati <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> in eo in quo eſt: cùm ſignificet ordinem ad <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb>locum, ſed ſimpliciter eam eſſe <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, & veluti forma principium patibile à nobis <expan abbr="cõſtitutum">conſtitutum</expan> eſt; <lb></lb>nihilominus aliquid ab ipſa extra <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> in quo exiſtit, proficiſci nil prohibet, ſic grauitas ſeu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2346"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma à qua grauitas ipſa permanat, in eo in quo eſt, poteſtatis rationem obtinet; actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt, ſi <lb></lb>cum alio conferatur. </s> <s>Quod verò ad alterum pertinet. </s> <s>Scire oportet ſimplicem motum defendi <lb></lb>ex his quæ intrinſecè conſtituunt mobile, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, & motum <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>: quæ verò motum <lb></lb>abſolutè conſtituunt tria, ſunt termini, & <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> illud poteſtatis, quod intra terminos continetur vt <lb></lb>ſpatium in latione, quę <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mobile complent, ſunt materia & forma, quæ ſi ſimplicia ſint, mobile <lb></lb>ſimplex efficiunt, & ſubinde motum <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan> reddunt. </s> <s>cętera motus ſimplicitati nihil officiunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pulſio ſecundùm naturam ineſſe item naturali corpore demonſtretur; fiet, vt reliqua <lb></lb>quæ inducta ſunt, tanquam abſurda, facile profligentur; id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mox examinabitur. </s> <s>Et quantum <lb></lb>pertinet ad Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan>, non eſt ratio par propter quam pulſio apud nos cauſſa motus <lb></lb>naturalis eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> apud antiquos: illi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in mobili nullam omnino propenſionem conſtituebant, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>motus ille vniuerſus erat ab extrinſeco, & violentus: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam obſeruamus Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem adieciſſe ea verba. (ab alio <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vi) quaſi nil prohibeat, ab alio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motum fieri na<lb></lb>turalem: nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, qui propenſionem tribuimus elementis, nihil in hoc periclitamur. </s> <s>Accedit eo<lb></lb>dem, quae pulſionem ipſi in mobili tanquam in ſubiecto collocabant, at nobis pulſio in mobili tan <pb pagenum="369"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2347"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam efficiente poſita eſt, vt in ſubiecto verò in ipſo medio. </s> <s>Quare non efficitur, adeſt pulſio: <lb></lb>ergo mouetur elementum vi: ſed, ſi quo pacto cuipiam vis afferatur, ideſt medium, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ele-mentũ">ele<lb></lb>mentum</expan>, quod primò mouetur. </s> <s>Illud item quod aſſumptum eſt: motum violentum pręcedere na<lb></lb>turali, ſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ipſum pellatur: neutiquam præſefert neceſsitatem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id verum eſt in vni<lb></lb>uerſitate rerum & per ſe, in ſingulari & per accidens, nil vetat, opinor, violens pręcedere naturali: <lb></lb>tametſi <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt ille motus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in medio, quae in illo facultas ineſt qua <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> ver<lb></lb>ſus agitetur, ideò ſic cietur, quo ad etiam illò vergit quò concitatur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò nobis ſigil<lb></lb>latim <expan abbr="oſtendendũ">oſtendendum</expan> eſt pulſum non neceſſariò motum eſſe pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & ob id etiam de ingenio <lb></lb>motus illius qui fit ab extrinſeco, ſic inſtituta methodo poſtulante diſſerendum eſt; libet antè <expan abbr="ra-tionẽ">ra<lb></lb>tionem</expan> quandam Auerrois explorare, qua <expan abbr="cõcludere">concludere</expan> conatur, <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> motum qui ab extrinſeco fiat, <lb></lb>eſſe naturalem. </s> <s>aſſumit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſtantiam efficere diſcrimen in motibus qui fiunt ab extrinſeco, vnde <lb></lb>ſic concludit argumentum. </s> <s>In motibus ab extrinſeco facit aliquid vicinia. </s> <s>In motibus natu<lb></lb>ralibus nihil vicinia facit. </s> <s>Ergo motus naturales non ſunt ab extrinſeco. </s> <s>fundauit autem ipſe ra<lb></lb>tionem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan>, eo quòd <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> debeat ad ſuum locum moueri <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> corpus naturale, ſem<lb></lb>per ad illum concitabitur. </s> <s>Quamobrem ex oppoſito, ſi faciat ad motuum ipſa diſtantia, motus <lb></lb>ille non erit naturalis. </s> <s>Verùm vbi motus ab extrinſeco ducatur, diſtantia facit ad motum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>motus ab extrinſeco pugnat cum naturali. </s> <s>Sic ergo concludit Auerroës.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2348"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2341"></margin.target>b. 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 93.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2342"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2343"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2344"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2345"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2346"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2347"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2348"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd etſi mouetur elementum ab alio, mouetur ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VT methodo procedat oratio noſtra, primùm generatim docebimus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab extrinſeco mo<lb></lb>tum naturalem poſſe proficiſci, deinde cur Ariſtoteles eos violentos poſuerit, qui ab alio <lb></lb>fiunt, tum tertiò pulſio cuiuſmodi ſit oſtendemus. </s> <s>Inſtitutæ autem diſputationis exordium à de<lb></lb>finitione violenti ſumetur, ea verò talis allata eſt ab Ariſtotele non ſemel, quod ab alio mouetur <lb></lb>paſſo non conferente vim. </s> <s>Addidit item Philoſophus 3. Eth. c . 1. agens. </s> <s>ſed vel ibi <foreign lang="grc">πράττειν</foreign> acce<lb></lb>pit pro eo quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>, quod nonnunquam idem eſt àc pati, vel quòd <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> iam <expan abbr="cõmotum">commotum</expan> <lb></lb>fuerit per appetitum, & quaſi coactum. </s> <s>proinde illo omiſſo patiens ſolùm in violenti definitione <lb></lb>capiatur, id verò nihil aliud ſibi vult <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd ad eum motum nulla ſit in eo propenſio quod mo<lb></lb>uetur, ita vt potius mouenti reſiſtat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd eius conatum adiuuet, aut amplificet, quae ſi tunc vio<lb></lb>lentus eſt, quando quod mouetur, nullam vim confert mouenti: profectò ſi vim mouenti confe<lb></lb>rat, nil prohibebit cum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe naturalem. </s> <s>Sed præter id docet Ariſtoteles in cęlo nil eſſe prę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2349"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aut violentum. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>iure optimo, quia ſic perpetuum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet, cuiuſmodi illa eſſe opor<lb></lb>tet quæ cęlitùs: ſic verò motus adminiſtrantur in eo corpore, vel <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> orbes omnes inferiores à ſu<lb></lb>premo vnico motu concitantur, & inferiores generatim quendam <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> participant. </s> <s>ſuperiorum <lb></lb>ope <expan abbr="cõparatam">comparatam</expan>, vel quòd inter orbeis qui vni aſtro ſeruiunt quidam per ſe mouentur vt deferen<lb></lb>tes, alij per accidens vt reuoluentes. </s> <s>vel etiam quia duæ partes in cęlo ſunt, aſtrum & reliquus or<lb></lb>bis: at orbis per ſe mouetur, aſtrum verò vehitur: adeò vt motus orbis ad aſtri ipſius motum in<lb></lb>ſtitutus fuiſſe videatur, nec vllo modo melius potuerit natura aſtri ipſius conditioni conſulere: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc eſt corpus omnium perfectiſsimum orbis imperfectior: at natura perfectiori ſeruire <lb></lb>voluit imperfectius, ac præſtantiſsimę <expan abbr="optimęq́">optimęque</expan>. </s> <s>naturæ præſtantiſsimam conditionem tribuit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Orbis igitur qui aſtro imperfectior eſt, ita ſeruit ipſi, dum veluti ſatellites rhœda <expan abbr="principẽ">principem</expan> ferunt, <lb></lb>vehit aſtrum; <expan abbr="ipſumq́">ipſumque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectiſsimo modo mouetur, cùm ab alio <expan abbr="vectũ">vectum</expan> regis inſtar mutet <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et omnino <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> fiunt per <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan>, abſunt à violentia, cùm <expan abbr="iucũda">iucunda</expan> ſint, & quanuis aliquam <lb></lb>vim afferre videatur id quod appetitur; ea talis eſt, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſumus non expetere id quod no<lb></lb>bis videtur afferre <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, vt eſſe & cognoſcere, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> beatitudine frui. </s> <s>Mouetur item hypec<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2350"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauma à cęlo in orbem; neutiquam <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ille motus eſt præter naturam; ſi minus vni motui duo <expan abbr="cõ-trarij">con<lb></lb>trarij</expan> forent. </s> <s>Extra cęlum quoque eſt id à quo cęlum, tanquam à ſeparato principio mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnde patet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſtultè opinentur ij qui motus ab alio violentos eſſe purant. </s> <s>Accedit eodem quae Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles explicans genera <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> quædam phyſica eſſe docet, nonnulla verò minimè; verunta<lb></lb>men ea phyſicè mouere; phyſica ſanè quæ mouent & mouentur: phyſicè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouentia, neque <lb></lb>phyſica ſubſtantias ſeparatas, quas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> extra cęlum collocat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quanquam id generatim de omni <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2351"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſa externa pronunciare licet. </s> <s>Nam ſi nullum externum mouet ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> effi<lb></lb>ciens <expan abbr="omniſq́">omniſque</expan>. </s> <s>finis ſunt externa: nullum igitur ex illis ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouebit. </s> <s>Ergo nec ge<lb></lb>nerans ita mouebit elementa, nec remouens prohibens, neque Deus qui mouet vt finis, mouebit <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Ex quo luce clarius patet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> phyſicum eſſe motum, ſi modò propenſio ſit <lb></lb>in mobili, quantunuis extrinſecùs ſit ipſe motor. </s> <s>Augebit dictis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fidem ea diſtributio quam fa<lb></lb>cit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eorum quæ mouentur ab alio, quando & id <expan abbr="mẽbrum">membrum</expan> illa <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> quæ natura <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2352"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouentur, & quæ pręter naturam; ſiquidem quod à genere ad omneis ſuas differentias valet vni<lb></lb>uersè, ad aliquam ex illis valet ſigillatim. </s> <s>Si omne animal eſt rationis <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan> vel impos; ergo & <pb pagenum="370"></pb>aliquod animal eſt rationis impos. </s> <s>Sic, ſi omne quod mouetur ab aliquo, mouetur ſecundùm, aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2353"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præter naturam, & aliquod igitur ab alio ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouebitur. </s> <s>Prętereà pulſus & tactus <lb></lb>ſunt motus qui ab alio fiunt, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> verò animalia, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>partes pulſu <expan abbr="tractuq́">tractuque</expan>. </s> <s>mouentur, & ex il<lb></lb>lis aliquæ ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Ortus item & interitus ſunt motus naturales; nil tamen aut ſe<lb></lb>ipſum producit, aut perimit, niſi fortè per accidens vt ignis. </s> <s>Et planè Ariſtoteles, dum cauſſas & <lb></lb>conditiones putredinis explicaret, docuit ipſam eſſe <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> naturalem; fieri verò ab externo, ni<lb></lb>mirùm à <expan abbr="cõtinente">continente</expan>. </s> <s>Auctiones <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſunt motus naturales, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ipſę <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fiunt ab extrinſeco, apud <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2354"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eos præſertim, qui <expan abbr="nutritionẽ">nutritionem</expan> in plantis ab extrinſeco, vt ambiente perfici putant, quorum prin<lb></lb>ceps eſt Theophraſtus. </s> <s>Ergo quòd egeant extrinſeco non tollit quominus ſint motus naturales. <lb></lb></s> <s>Admonebat etiam nos Ariſtoteles in animali, in quo motus à ſeipſo manifeſtè reperitur, <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> mo<lb></lb>tum adeſſe naturalem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum ab alio fieri, ſiue à continente, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab alimento. </s> <s>Mouetur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>medium à facultate <expan abbr="ſuſq́">ſuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>., nihilominus cùm propendeat <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>, mouetur ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunicat">communicat</expan> motum corpori quod per illud agitatur non minus contrà <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſecundùm naturam, prout propenſionem offendit in eo quod mouetur. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſum in eorum venire <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> ( <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> viri virtutis & ſapientiæ gloria præſtantes) qui ita in vio<lb></lb>lenti definitione <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> poſitum eſſe volunt, vt ſi motus futurus ſit naturalis, eius cauſſam <expan abbr="inter-nã">inter<lb></lb>nam</expan> eſſe oporteat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non vt materiam, ſed vt efficientem: quippe quae oppoſita inſint <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2355"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, ſed externum pertinet ad efficiens, quod in violenti definitione ponitur. </s> <s>Ergo & <expan abbr="inter-nũ">inter<lb></lb>num</expan> quod accipitur in definitione naturalis. </s> <s>Nam ſi ita <expan abbr="diſtinguũtur">diſtinguuntur</expan> <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> & internum, quae exter<lb></lb>num faciat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> violentum, <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> verò naturale. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="quotieſcunq.">quotieſcunque</expan> fuerit externum motus <lb></lb>erit violentus, & contrà, vbi <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> naturalis, quae ſi violentus paſſo non conferente vim, eo verò <lb></lb>conferente naturalis, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> vbi <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>, ibi vim non conferet paſſum, vbi internum, ibi conferet. <lb></lb></s> <s>aliter non repugnarent hæc eſſe <expan abbr="violentũ">violentum</expan> motum ab interno, & ab externo naturalem. </s> <s>Quod ſi <lb></lb>ita eſt ſuperuacanea eſt illa conditio paſſo non conferente vim, quę <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> aſſumitur in violenti de<lb></lb>finitione. </s> <s>Prætereà vbi aliqui effectus in determinatè naſcuntur ex cauſsis oppoſitis, non diſtin<lb></lb>guuntur per eas cauſſas, neque licet argumentari ab oppoſito effectu ad cauſſam <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan>; veluti <lb></lb>quia concretio & eliquatio, qui ſunt effectus oppoſiti, & indefinitè naſcuntur ex calore & frigo<lb></lb>re, non diſtinguuntur, ita vt eliquatio ſit à calore, & à frigore concretio, ſed etiam eliquatio poteſt <lb></lb>eſſe à frigore. </s> <s>Proinde non valet, eſt eliquatio; ergo calor, nec ſi eſt eliquatio à frigore. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="cõ-cretio">con<lb></lb>cretio</expan> erit à calore. </s> <s>Sic naturale & pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> cum ab <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> cauſſa, & externa & interna in<lb></lb>determinatè naſcantur. </s> <s>ergo non diſtinguuntur naturale & præternaturam per <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> & inter<lb></lb>num. </s> <s>Patet autem id quae ex dictis poteſt aliquid ab externo moueri ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2356"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab interno præter naturam moueatur, oſtendit nobis Ariſtoteles 8. Phyſ. vbi accepit, anima<lb></lb>lia moueri ab animo, & hoc eſt ſine controuerſia principium internum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõtingit">Contingit</expan> tamen parteis <lb></lb>animalis ab animo pręternaturam moueri. </s> <s>Viri celeberrimi iterum nos hîc vrgent, Ex hoc di<lb></lb>cto multò magis <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> decretum corroborari. </s> <s>Nimirùm motum eſſe naturalem merito principij <lb></lb>agentis, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> patientis, vt nos accepimus. </s> <s>Etenim planum eſt animal totum ſeipſum mouere <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, corpus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fieri poſſe, vt moueatur pręter naturam. </s> <s>Proptereà motus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cauſ<lb></lb>ſa principij patientis, ſed agentis duntaxat erit naturalis. </s> <s>At verò nos, etſi ſuperius oſtendimus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> anima ſit natura, & quae vt forma per quam exiſtunt ſingulæ partes animalis, vt ve<lb></lb>rò in quadam parte conſiſtens, & à cęteris ſegregata verè anima & efficiens: tamen vt vis argu<lb></lb>menti propoſiti exploretur. </s> <s>Noto primùm animal accipi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſecundùm eſſentiam, quod ex ani<lb></lb>mo & corpore conflatum eſt, vbi animus per ſe mouet, corpus per ſe mouetur, & ita mouens mo<lb></lb>uet corpus ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit difforme, ſic eſt aptum <expan abbr="natũ">natum</expan> moueri totum animal. </s> <s>qua<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſecundùm naturam patientis. </s> <s>Secundò totum, quod eſt corpus, etiam conſideratur in vni<lb></lb>uerſitate ſua, quod dicitur ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & ita mouetur <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam, vt dictum eſt. </s> <s>vel <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2357"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per ſingulas parteis, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & tunc aliquas <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> moueri præter naturam. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>vt mouentur præter naturam, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mouens agitat illas præter naturam. </s> <s>Quare etiam falſum eſt <lb></lb>illud eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ex parte principij agentis. </s> <s>Neque neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> rationem inter <lb></lb><expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> & totum corpus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inter ſingulas parteis conſeruari, & laborat obiectio fallacia ſecun<lb></lb>dùm figuram dictionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> verendum non eſt in philoſophia Peripatetica, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> naturalem ab <lb></lb>alio dari, modo id quod patitur, <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> vim <expan abbr="cõferat">conferat</expan> ei quod mouetur. </s> <s>Idcirco ſic iudico, ſiquan<lb></lb>do clariſsimi philoſophi motum ab alio pro violento acceperunt, eos non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum, <expan abbr="quomo-docunq.">quomo<lb></lb>docunque</expan> fieret ab alio, ſumpſiſſe, vt noſtri faciunt, ſed vt fit in vocibus quæ ſunt ad vnum, mente <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõprehendiſſe">comprehendiſſe</expan> primum <expan abbr="ſignificatũ">ſignificatum</expan> eius quod eſt ab alio: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt ab alio ſimpliciter, ideſt, nul<lb></lb>lo interno principio habilitateúe concurrente, quod ſanè idem valebit àc violens. </s> <s>Atque ob id <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ferri magnetem verſus, & alimenti ad membra naturalem eſſe defendunt, quae mouentia vim <lb></lb>quandam mobili imprimant, quam conferat paſſum, vt ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſuæ formæ ſiue ſpeciei <expan abbr="conueniẽ-tem">conuenien<lb></lb>tem</expan> ferat, à qua <expan abbr="cõplementũ">complementum</expan> ſuæ facultatis accipiat. </s> <s>Ergo multò magis erit motus ille naturalis, <pb pagenum="371"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2358"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vbi non vim aliquam ſolum; ſed formam contraxerit, aut potentiam, per quam mouetur. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Ariſtoteles ipſe 7. Phyſ. motus ab alio deſcripſerit, qui cùm aliqua vi ſunt, & ſingulos eorum <lb></lb>modos exponens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> definiens, aliquid vſurparit quod <expan abbr="violentiã">violentiam</expan> præſeferat, vtputa, dum tractus <lb></lb>eſſentiam explicaret: videtur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hic eſſe velocior, <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> ei conueniat quod ſecundùm naturam mo<lb></lb>uetur: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> quodammodò vim naturæ affert. </s> <s>Poſſem hîc ego primum negare id quae motus <lb></lb>ibi numerati violenti ſint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> vllam adeſſe dicere quæ violentiam notet, & cùm definitio <lb></lb>tractus obiicitur, me purgare Simpliciani codicis auctoritate vtens, in quo nil eiuſmodi legitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm ne tergiuerſari putet, ita reſpondeo, quattuor motus ab Ariſtotele 7. Phyſ. deſcriptos eſſe <lb></lb>nomina quædam ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam alicui conuenire ſimpliciter, aliis analogicè, & vt di<lb></lb>ci ſolet <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ τὸ δευτρερον μέτρον</foreign>, ideſt poſteriore menſura, more <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conſueto deſcriptum eſt <lb></lb>prius, & potius illorum ſignificatum in eo quod notius nobis eſt, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> verò, quod eſt ab alio fieri, <lb></lb>magis perſpicuum eſt in iis quæ vi concitantur, quàm in reliquis. </s> <s>Idcirco nil prohibebit etiam, <lb></lb>quominus tractio pulſioúe ſint ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>Nam quae talis ſit pulſio quæ fit in medio, mon<lb></lb>ſtrant ea quæ narrat Ariſtoteles: inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> medium eius eſſe ingenij, vt ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="ſuſq́">ſuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>moueatur, quia grane ſimul eſt & leue: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> proptereà cum leuibus ſurſum cietur ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2359"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturam, cum grauibus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> deorſum impetu à poteſtate ſuſcepto. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́">Idemque</expan>. </s> <s>enarrans paullò pòſt <lb></lb>ſpeciem motus qua medium <expan abbr="cõcitatur">concitatur</expan>, aſſeuerat eam eſſe <expan abbr="impulſionẽ">impulſionem</expan>. </s> <s>Planum igitur per locum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2360"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à caſibus & coniugatis, quae ſi in pulſione medium ſecundùm naturam mouetur, pulſio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus erit naturalis. </s> <s>Ergo falſum profeſſus eſt Auerroës, ſiquando ſimpliciter ab externo præter na<lb></lb>turam eſſe pronunciauit, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> alio fortaſſe modo defendi queat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi extrinſecum preſsius acce<lb></lb>pit, quatenus illi opponitur, quod Græci vocant <foreign lang="grc">οἰκεῖον</foreign>, noſtri proprium, nos <expan abbr="accõmodatius">accommodatius</expan> fami<lb></lb>liare, & naturæ conueniens, cui non item repugnat habere extra ſe mobile, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> apud Theophra<lb></lb>ſtum qui vim illam qua viuunt <expan abbr="vigentq́">vigentque</expan>. </s> <s>plantæ, à ſole proficiſci decreuerit: eam tamen Gręco <lb></lb>nomine <expan abbr="familiarẽ">familiarem</expan> appellauit, quaſi extrinſecùs ille ſolum ſit, qui à natura ſit alienus, & eo <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <lb></lb>modo quem nos ſuperius indicauimus. </s> <s>Nec quicquam roboris eius <expan abbr="fundamẽtum">fundamentum</expan> habet, aut <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſtatueret ipſe diſtantiam & viciniam variare motus illos qui ab alio fiunt, aduertendum <lb></lb>erat viciniam <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtantiam ſumi poſſe bifariam, aut inter mouens & mobile, aut inter mobile <lb></lb>& locum ad quem mouetur. </s> <s>Et quantum eſt de diſtantia inter mobile & locum; non videtur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>in hoc variari ſpecies motus. </s> <s>Nam ſiue ſuo loco, aut termino motus vicinius ſit ſaxum quod ego <lb></lb>impello, ſeu longinquius; ſemper ille, dum vis impellentis ſeruatur, erit pulſus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi vicinia <lb></lb>ponatur inter mouens & mobile, poteſt ſanè ſpecificam differentiam motus efficere eo quòd id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2361"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod pellitur, ab initio propè mouens eſt, in fine verò diſtat, in tractu contrà. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> à mouente <lb></lb>diſtat in principio, in fine verò vicinum eſt. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id perpetuò ineſt in tractu, ſiquidem hic <lb></lb>duplex ſit, ab alio ad ſe, & ab alio ad aliud; id verò ſolùm in eo <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> aſſequitur, qui eſt ab alio <lb></lb>ad ſe. </s> <s>Tum prætereà nihil hæc diſtantia facit ad rem: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de hoc diſtantiæ genere meminit ibi <lb></lb>philoſophus, vt ab oppoſita proprietate duceret Auerroës argumentum: ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> falſum aſ<lb></lb>ſumpſit, & ſophiſmate ſe inuoluit ille, aut eius interpres, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille fuerit qui pronunciauit id <lb></lb>quod ab alio violentum eſſe ſimpliciter. </s> <s>etenim vbi accepit in motibus ab extrinſeco viciniam lo<lb></lb>ci, aut mouentis diuerſos ſpecie motus efficere; ſi viciutam loci dixerit: aio, ex ea non diſtingui, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus naturales à violentis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> violentos inter ſe: ſi verò mouentis, at de hac non agebat <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Prętereà cùm ſubiunxit: In motibus naturalibus nihil vicinia facit, ambiguo nos elu<lb></lb>ſit: quoniam longè aliud eſt diſtantiæ ſignificatum in aſſumptione, atque in propoſitione fuit | et <lb></lb>acceptum, <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> in propoſitione capiebatur diſtantia inter mouens & mobile, in aſſum<lb></lb>ptione verò inter mobile & locum. </s> <s>Sed tu qui te prędicas Auerrois ſectatorem, audi mox, quid <lb></lb>ille profiteatur, vbi diſſerit cum Alexandro, vt diſcere poſsis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> functionem naturalem ab exter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2362"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>no præſtari, & <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> ex interno principio, tanquam ex cauſſa quę materiæ <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> ſubeat, emanare. <lb></lb></s> <s>Volebat Alexander <expan abbr="præparationẽ">præparationem</expan>, & primam <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> ab elementis eſſe factam, & ſine exter<lb></lb>no motore. </s> <s>Sic opponit Auerroës. </s> <s>Si id eſſet, fieri <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſſet, vt poſtrema perfectio facta eſ<lb></lb>ſet ad <expan abbr="eorundẽ">eorundem</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſine motore externo, vt color & ſapor, quia ſcilicet virtus <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aliquod ſubiectum, poteſt etiam <expan abbr="operationẽ">operationem</expan>, ſiue paſsionem illius producere: ſi ſic, tunc <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> committenda erunt cauſſæ materiali, vt opinabantur illi qui extrinſecum motorem <expan abbr="negabãt">negabant</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sententia tamen Ariſtotelis clara eſt, quòd producantur ab intelligentia agente. </s> <s>Quare inquit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2363"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Auerreës non eſſe credendum hoc de Alexandro qui fuit vir maioris nobilitatis, <expan abbr="q̃">quam</expan> Abubacher. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo naturalis operatio ab externo, & ſi ſeuocetur <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>, ſequitur <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="materialẽ">materialem</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2349"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2350"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2351"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2352"></margin.target>b. 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2353"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2354"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2355"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2356"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2357"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2358"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2359"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2360"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2361"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2362"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2363"></margin.target>b 3. de An. <lb></lb>T. c. 5.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę ſint ſpecies motus ab alio quibus elementum mouetur, & alia quędam ad has motuum <lb></lb>ſpecies dubitata adſcribuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM igitur in <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> motu pulſus intercedat qui eſt ab alio; ſint & omnes hi motus ab alio, <lb></lb>motus autem ab alio ſint quattuor, pulſio, tractio, vectio, & vertigo: miſſa vertigine: nam <pb pagenum="372"></pb>de motibus rectis hoc tempore agimus, quęrat fortaſſe quiſpiam, qua'nam ſpecie motus conci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2364"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tetur elementum. </s> <s>Hoc loco ſic dicendum arbitror, cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea quæ ſecundùm naturam mouen<lb></lb>tur, aut ita moueantur, quia gignuntur, aut poſtquam genita fuere, quantum attinet ad ea quæ gi<lb></lb>gnuntur, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>inanima, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſimplicia: nam de horum motibus in pręſentia tractamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>ea ſanè produci conſtat à pręſentia & abſentia caloris qui motui cęleſti comitatur; caloris autem <lb></lb>officium eſt attrahere id quod humidum eſt, & dulce, ſiue potabile: tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> leue eſt, relinquere <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="amarũ">amarum</expan>, quod eſt craſſum & graue ſuapte natura. </s> <s><expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>docebat Ariſtoteles exhalare partes <lb></lb>humoris dulcis è mari, relinqui verò terrenas & <expan abbr="fœculẽtas">fœculentas</expan> quæ ſalſedinem mox efficiant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſi-miliq́">Conſi<lb></lb>milique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> colorem ad ſe humores allicere, quibus animalium corpora nutriantur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Obſeruo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2365"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prætereà per motum cęleſtem partes hypeccaumatis in inferiora loca detrudi: <expan abbr="ſimiliq́ue">ſimilique</expan> modo <lb></lb>per receſſum à cęlo frigidas <expan abbr="graueſq́">graueſque</expan>. </s> <s>reddi aſpirationeis quæ verſantur in ſublimi. </s> <s>Quare calida <lb></lb>attollentur à cęlo per tractionem, frigida deprimentur per impulſum: ſiquidem tractio motus <lb></lb>ſit verſus mouens factus, pulſio verò à mouente aliò verſus. </s> <s>In motu <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> elementi iam geniti: <lb></lb>primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non eſt ille motus ſecundùm locum qui fit in corpore elementi, ab eo quod remo<lb></lb>uet prohibens: mutatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm, ſicuti diximus, non autem mouetur. </s> <s>deinde eſto quae aliquo pa<lb></lb>cto conueniat ipſi motus ſecundùm locum, erit hic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad remouens impedimentum, atque <lb></lb>ita dici poterit tractio, aut ab illo, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>vocabitur pulſio, ſed profectò motio <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> iam geniti, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2366"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm ſit per accidens, ita ſat fuerit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, ſi per accidens ad hæc genera motuum referatur, vt ſi <lb></lb>tractum <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan>, aut pulſum ab eo <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan>, quod pepulit obſtans. </s> <s>Sic igitur eius motus, quan<lb></lb>tum fit ab alio, poterit ad hæc capita perbellè referri. </s> <s>Cęterùm quia non nunquam euenire di<lb></lb>ctum eſt, vt id quod mouetur, arceat à ſe impedimentum, id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, vt accidat nunc ipſum, ape<lb></lb>riendum eſt, vt etiam ab hoc, de illius motus ſpecie quippiam decerni queat. </s> <s>Igitur exiſtimo ele<lb></lb>mentum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, poſtquàm impedimentum primum ſibi ſublatum eſt, ſeu cùm primùm genitum eſt, <lb></lb>niſi quid obſtet, per accidens item à ſe obices poſſe propulſare, quandoquidem impedimento ſu<lb></lb>blato, iam eſt actu, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> ſuam operatur: ſic ipſum ſibi demolitur columnam, & <lb></lb>ſibi <expan abbr="frãgit">frangit</expan> <expan abbr="funẽ">funem</expan>, quatenus actu exiſtens tendit & opprimit quę ſanè ſunt energiæ, nullo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modo <lb></lb>motus, vt ſuprà docuimus, ideò nec ipſum ſibi parat eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, vt ob id credere debeamus ele<lb></lb>mentum eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> mouere ſe ipſum, ſed & in hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tenet <expan abbr="eũdem">eundem</expan> curſum quem tenere diximus <lb></lb>elementum, cùm mouetur, poſtquam genitum fuerit, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi obicem à ſeipſo non pellat, nam per <expan abbr="ſe-quidẽ">ſe<lb></lb>quidem</expan> pellit obicem, ſed ab ipſo per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> aſſequitur motum: pulſio <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obicis in ipſo obice per <lb></lb>ſe eſt, in pellente verò mutatio eſt quæ quidem, vel ex ablatione primi obicis oritur, vel ex muta<lb></lb>tione facta in elemento ſecundùm ſubſtantiam, & eſt functio quæ per ſe manet in indiuiduo, ni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2367"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mirùm obtinere ſuum locum, ſed ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> obice <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> deinceps amouet, hoc habet, vt <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>ſuum adipiſcatur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non ſe mouet, ſed à reſiſtente mouetur per accidens. </s> <s>Verumenimuero <lb></lb>& conſimilis ab eo corpore motus incutitur impedimento: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> funis cui manet appenſus la<lb></lb>pis, trahitur & tractus protenditur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in pondere appenſo efficit motum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> proptereà ſe<lb></lb>qui <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt, ſi motus iſti fiant ab alio; fore, vt quod minus eſt, ocyus, aut ſegnius id quod lon<lb></lb>gius abeſt, agitetur. </s> <s>euenit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea res, vbi præter naturam moueatur, at hæc ita mouentur <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb>naturam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita video placere Ariſtoteli noſtro qui hæc ſcripſit ad verbum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “lapidi eum qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2368"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deorſum fit, <expan abbr="velociorẽ">velociorem</expan> facit id quod ſecundùm potentiam.” Hæc eadem ſenſiſſe perſpicio Gręcos <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis interpretes ſidiſsimos; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt exordiar à Themiſtio; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ipſe primùm grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2369"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pulſu agitari teſtatus eſt. </s> <s>Rurſus omnes vno ore ſuper eo loco Ariſtotelis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> mouentur pul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2370"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſu & tractu) ſtatuunt etiam ſub hac propoſitione contineri motum naturalem elementorum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm quid amplius deſiderari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quàm id quod ipſemet <expan abbr="palã">palam</expan> profitetur lib. de inceſſu an. c. 2? <lb></lb>vbi accipiens, vt eius verbis vtar, ea quæ in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> naturæ operibus eodem ſe habent modo, inter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2371"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc ipſum adſcribit. </s> <s>Motionum per locum initia eſſe impulſum & tractum: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, per <lb></lb>ſe ſunt. </s> <s>ex accidenti <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouetur, quod ab alio fertur, vt <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> te vertas, in animi <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> ab extrinſeco fieri videas approbatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum, qui à tali principio ſit, eſſe <expan abbr="violentũ">violentum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inſuper ea quæ 7. Phyſ. ſcripta ſunt, pertinere <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad ea quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouentur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>ſententiæ <expan abbr="cõſonant">conſonant</expan> Ariſtotelis ipſius dicta de libro de motu animalium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt, ſi quo <lb></lb>pacto dicatur elementum à ſeipſo moueri, cùm Andronico ſic <expan abbr="aſſerendũ">aſſerendum</expan> ſit, quae quanuis extra ſit <lb></lb>id quod mouet, à ſeipſo moueri putetur, quoniam intus habeat <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan>, per quam ad actum ab <lb></lb>externo efficiente promouetur, quod ſanè, cùm iis non accidat quæ mouentur contra naturam, <lb></lb>ſimpliciter ipſa ab alio moueri dicuntur: eius philoſophi verba ſunt hæc <foreign lang="grc">ὀτι χἂν ἒξωθεν ᾗ π' <lb></lb>κινοῦν, ἐκ τῆς ἐνέσης δυfάμεως εἰς ἐνέργειαν ἀγόμενον ὑτ' αὐτοῦ χινεἵσθαι δοχεῖ τὸ χινούμενον</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò poſſet hîc etiam dubitare curioſior. </s> <s>Primò ſi motus ab alio, velut à potentia in lapide ve<lb></lb>locior eſt, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> poteſt eſſe ſecundùm naturam, iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> docuerat Ariſtoteles 5. Phyſ. celerem gene<lb></lb>rationem eſſe pręter naturam; <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo de reliquis motibus iudicandum eſſe videbitur. </s> <s>Dici<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter ortum celerem eſſe præter naturam, ſed cum qui propter celeritatem eſt cum <pb pagenum="373"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2372"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>interitu, vt ſi celer generatio <expan abbr="frugũ">frugum</expan> incidat in <expan abbr="tẽpeſtatẽ">tempeſtatem</expan> frigidam, à qua conficiantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & illud <lb></lb>vulgatum, Odi pueros pręcocis <expan abbr="ſapiẽtiæ">ſapientiæ</expan>, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> natura <expan abbr="patũ">parum</expan> firmata, ſolet ocyſsimè langueſcere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Licet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicere in motu illo duo ſpectari <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> quo fertur mobile, & <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo fertur ad eum <lb></lb><expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ſtatuere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan>, quia feratur mobile <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, determinatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>motus termino ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>. </s> <s>ſic generationes celeres pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> poſuiſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="Philoſophũ">Philoſophum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cauſſa termini, ſed cauſſa modi. </s> <s>Poſſet item dubitare de <expan abbr="cęterorũ">cęterorum</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> initiis, <lb></lb>vtrum'ne, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="generant̃">generantur</expan>, ab eo quod genuit, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="quempiã">quempiam</expan> aſſequantur. </s> <s>Sed cùm reliqua vel ina<lb></lb>nima ſint vel animata, de inanimis abſolutè <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> attributa <expan abbr="cõcludit">concludit</expan> <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>quę a nobis de ſim<lb></lb>plicibus enarrata <expan abbr="fuerũt">fuerunt</expan>. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nos ex indicatis <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> hoc loco decernemus, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="generalẽ">generalem</expan> <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan> pertinet, ea mox expoſituri <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> propria fuerint. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="animãtia">animantia</expan> ſpectat: <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> certè eſt illa è corpore & animo <expan abbr="cõſtare">conſtare</expan>, corpus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſi <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ab animo <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecretũ">ſecretum</expan> mente <expan abbr="cõcipiatur">concipiatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> corpus eſt naturale, <expan abbr="pariq́">parique</expan>. </s> <s>gradu procedit cum cęteris, quæ <lb></lb>natura <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>: pręterquamquae in eo corpore. </s> <s>propter <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> fit, vt ex iis quędam <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> <expan abbr="moueant̃">moueantur</expan>, <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> verò <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan>: licet ſi <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> ſpectes, motus habeatur naturalis, quia <expan abbr="cõueniẽs">conueniens</expan> <lb></lb>animali, quatenus habet <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quę eſt animus. </s> <s>Sed ſi quatenus animal accipiatur à nobis; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>in eo duplex <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> <expan abbr="gen9">genus</expan> animaduertere licet, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod in <expan abbr="perpeſsionẽ">perpeſsionem</expan> ſe habet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="efficiẽtiam">efficientiam</expan>. </s> <s>Certè ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in animante per ſe ſine externi alicuius ope <expan abbr="pręſtãtur">pręſtantur</expan>, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>à generante produci <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> negauerim, illa .ſ. </s> <s>quę per ſe, vel <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, vel <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequuntur">conſequuntur</expan> è <expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2373"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtituitur: hinc ſanguinis fluxus in <expan abbr="vterũ">vterum</expan>, inde <expan abbr="aſcẽſus">aſcenſus</expan> <expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan> <expan abbr="grauiumq́">grauiumque</expan>. </s> <s>deſcenſus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> verò eſt <lb></lb>de cęteris functionibus quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> animalis propriæ, quatenus animal, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> & ipſę <expan abbr="cõſtent">conſtent</expan> è duabus par<lb></lb>tibus, habitu .ſ. </s> <s>& actu. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> ſpectes is <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> à generante propagatur, ſi <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan>, & hęc eget <lb></lb>externi; ita nos admonente Ariſt. 2. de An. <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ δὲ αἰσθητικοῦ ἡ μὲν πρώπη μεταβολη γίνεται ἀπὸ <lb></lb>τοῦ γρυνῶντος· ὁταν δὲ γρυνηθῇ ἔχει ἤδη ὡσπερ ἐπιστήμεν καὶ τὸ αἰσθάνεσθαι καὶ το κατ' ἐνέργειαν <lb></lb>δὲ ὁμοὶως λέγεται τὸ θεωρεῖν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">διφὲρει δὲ ὅτι τοῦ μὲν τὰ ποιητικὰ τῆς ἐνεργείας ἔξωθεν</foreign>. </s> <s>& reli<lb></lb>qua, quorum hic ſenſus eſt. </s> <s>“Senſitiui <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> prima mutatio fit à generante, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> verò <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> fuerit, ha<lb></lb>bet iam <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan>, & ſentire, & quod ſecundùm <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eſt, ſimiliter <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> ei quod eſt ſpe<lb></lb>culari: differt autem, quae ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> hoc efficiunt, extra ſunt”. </s> <s>hęc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> adiicere libuit, vt inde noſcatur <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine extrinſeco <expan abbr="mouẽte">mouente</expan> adminiſtrari poſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> poſteà <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan>, cu<lb></lb>iuſmodi ſit hoc genus mouentis, an'ne efficiens ſolùm, an'ne etiam finis; an potius <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ſimul. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ob eam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel à philoſophis <expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan> fuiſſe legimus, <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> extrinſecùs aduenire, <lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>eiuſmodi functio formæ exterioris acceſsione <expan abbr="perficiat̃">perficiatur</expan>. </s> <s>At verò cùm tanta ſit medij vis in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2374"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="pręſtãdo">pręſtando</expan> motu <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> geniti; ecquid eſt cauſſę, cur de medio meminiſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan> Ariſtoteles è <lb></lb>Equidem ob alteram ex hiſce duabus cauſsis <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>prætermiſſum fuiſſe credo, vel quia <lb></lb><expan abbr="principẽ">principem</expan> cauſſam reſpexerit, quæ eſt id quod aufert <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>. </s> <s>ab hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omne lationis <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> <lb></lb>aſſequitur inanimum, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt: reliquas verò cauſſas neglexerit, aut quod eo <expan abbr="cõtentus">contentus</expan> quod <lb></lb>ſibi <expan abbr="cõducebat">conducebat</expan> ad <expan abbr="euidentiã">euidentiam</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="theorematũ">theorematum</expan> quæ de motu propoſita fuerunt; nimirùm quae ab alio <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="moueant̃">moueantur</expan> inanima, nihil vltra requiſiuerit: etenim remouens prohibens in efficientibus <expan abbr="nu-merandũ">nu<lb></lb>merandum</expan> eſt, licet ſit efficiens per accidens. </s> <s>Afferre <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poterat <expan abbr="dubitationẽ">dubitationem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> paruam id quae cùm <lb></lb>motus hic ſit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> per accidens in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> genito, ſit'ne naturalis. </s> <s>Etenim natura principium eſt <lb></lb>per ſe motus. </s> <s>At hic eſt motus per accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id dubitationem propulſare videtur, quae natura <lb></lb>ſit patibile <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> verò illum eſſe per accidens, ſi reſpiciamus efficiens. </s> <s>Tum quae efficienti <lb></lb>patienti facultas <expan abbr="cõſimilis">conſimilis</expan> neceſſariò <expan abbr="reſpõdeat">reſpondeat</expan>. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia mobile <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> per accidens, <lb></lb>vbi <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> ſit, cùm cęteroqui per ſe mutaretur, ideò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> interna principia per ſe <expan abbr="cõcurrunt">concurrunt</expan> ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>motum. </s> <s>An in eo motu forma quidem ſpectari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quæ in ſucceſsione poſita eſt, & hęc tota per <lb></lb>accidens exiſtit, nec <expan abbr="hui9">huius</expan>principium eſt natura, ſed extrinſecùs eſt vniuerſa: ita vt violet quoquo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2375"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pacto naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plus in hoc efficit natura, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> ſubiectum, excipiens .ſ. </s> <s>ſolùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vim <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõferens">conferens</expan>; ſed in hac ſucceſsione ſunt reliqua principia functionum <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, vt finis & poteſtas <lb></lb>quæ cùm à perfectione ſua ceciderit, & effecta ſit præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vult deponere labem, & munere <lb></lb>ſuo fungi, id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> tametſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> conſequi ſimpliciter; nihilominus pulſis <expan abbr="obſtãtibus">obſtantibus</expan> eo quo licet, <lb></lb>modo conſequitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> motus ille & functio exiſtit, & cum ſucceſsione, & qua functio eſt ſe<lb></lb>cundùm naturam, & natura principium eius motus per ſe; quatenus verò præſefert <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan>, <lb></lb>& vt motus, vt ita <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>, formaliter, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt à natura, ſed ab <expan abbr="impedimẽto">impedimento</expan> & per accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Poſtremũ">Poſtremum</expan> <lb></lb>reſtat quod à medij natura <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> eſt, vt .ſ. </s> <s>diuiſio medij <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſit. </s> <s>hoc verò nec vno tantum<lb></lb>modo, nec ſine auctore defendi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim primùm ſatis fuerit, id eſſe <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> materię: dein<lb></lb>de & à medij ipſius ingenio proficiſci, quod <expan abbr="ambiguũ">ambiguum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> pari <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> intuetur, & <expan abbr="cõiun-ctionẽ">coniun<lb></lb>ctionem</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>, & <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan>, & quia <expan abbr="diuiduũ">diuiduum</expan> ſit; at ei quod diuidi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſi diuidatur id illi naturale <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi id quod ſanari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="ducat̃">ducatur</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan>, vt <expan abbr="cõſtitit">conſtitit</expan> 4. de cę. </s> <s>Licet & hoc <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> dictis <lb></lb>Plotini <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> confirmare, vtpote quae <expan abbr="diuidẽs">diuidens</expan> <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> inferat <expan abbr="paſsionẽ">paſsionem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igitur mouet <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2376"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan>. </s> <s>Ex his item quæ Themiſtius, forte verò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex his quæ Plotinus, tolles faci <pb pagenum="374"></pb>lè <expan abbr="cõtrouerſiam">controuerſiam</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>; quia, cùm <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> ſit, ea ſolùm in <expan abbr="mouẽdo">mouendo</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri, quę <expan abbr="mouẽt">mouent</expan> afficiendo, ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2377"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo ſequitur, id quod afficiendo non mouet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe mouere, niſi moueatur, ne elementum mo<lb></lb>ueat medium, neque enim in mouendo mouetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> afficit ipſum; afficit enim dum opprimit, <lb></lb>& graue <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> facit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item dum diuidit. </s> <s>ergo etiam mouere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, tametſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouetur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2364"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2365"></margin.target>a 2. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2366"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2367"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2368"></margin.target>b 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 25</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2369"></margin.target>c <gap></gap> de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2370"></margin.target>d 3 de An. <lb></lb>T. 55.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2371"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2372"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2373"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2374"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2375"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2376"></margin.target>a Ennead. <lb></lb></s> <s>4. lib. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2377"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicantur duo loca 4. de Cęlo Textus XXIV. & XXV. Cap. </s> <s>XIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DVM indagaret Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>An'ne eius rei cauſſa poſſet afferri, cur graue deorſum, leue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>ſurſum <expan abbr="cõcitentur">concitentur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> variis <expan abbr="exẽplis">exemplis</expan> à diuerſo genere <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ſumptis perſuaderet, <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan> <expan abbr="grauiumq́">grauiumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam eſſe eius euenti <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="indemonſtrabilẽ">indemonſtrabilem</expan>, in medium attulit <lb></lb>obiter <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> inter ea quę loco <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, & alia quæ motibus aliis <expan abbr="agũtur">aguntur</expan>, quæ ſanè <lb></lb><expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> in <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> aduerſariis noſtris patrocinari <expan abbr="vidẽtur">videntur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> locus hic à pluribus vſurpetur veluti <lb></lb>fulmen è manibus Iouis <expan abbr="emiſsũ">emiſsum</expan> ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> propugnacula <expan abbr="pręcipitãda">pręcipitanda</expan> contra factionis alterius defen<lb></lb>ſores. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſiliũ">Conſilium</expan> igitur <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> nunc eſt, <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> illum ſedulò perpendere; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> exquirere <lb></lb>diligenter. </s> <s>Verba ſunt hæc. <foreign lang="grc">Πλὴν ὁτι τὰ μὲν ἐν ἀυτοῖς δοκεῖ ἔχειν ἀρχὴν τῆς μεταβολῆς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">λέγο <lb></lb>δὲ τὸ βαρὺ καὶ τὸ κοῦφον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τά δ' οὔ ἀλλ' ἔξωθεν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οἱον τὀ ὑγιαστὸν και τὸ ἀυξητὸν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ τοι ἐνὶοτε και ταῦ<lb></lb>τα ἐξ ἀυτῶν μεταβάλλει καὶ μικρὰς ἐν τοῖς ἔξω χινήσεως τὸ μέν εἰς ὑγίειαν έρχεται τὸ δὲ εἰς ἄο<lb></lb>ξησιν</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>“Niſi quae hæc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in ſeipſis videntur habere <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mutationis (graue <expan abbr="inquã">inquam</expan> eſt leue) <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2378"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non, ſed extrinſecùs, vt ſanabile & <expan abbr="augmẽtabile">augmentabile</expan>, quanuis & hæc ex ſeipſis <expan abbr="mutẽtur">mutentur</expan> & par<lb></lb>uo facto in iis quæ extra ſunt, motu, alterum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan> venit, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> verò in augmentum.” <lb></lb>Quid ergo magis <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan>, inquiunt ipſi, quae elementa <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan> ab innato principio, ſi differunt <lb></lb>ab aliis, quia reliqua <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> ab externo? </s> <s><expan abbr="Credendumq́">Credendumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>, dum inquit habere in ſe <lb></lb>principia ſui <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> graue & leue, <expan abbr="mẽtionẽ">mentionem</expan> facere de <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> quod <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> veſtigamus. </s> <s>Quod, etſi ad<lb></lb>uerſarij ſolùm <expan abbr="talib9">talibus</expan> verbis <expan abbr="cõfici">confici</expan> <expan abbr="pronũciant">pronunciant</expan>, ita probatur à nobis. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> ponitur inter ea <lb></lb>quę genere <expan abbr="cõueniũt">conueniunt</expan>, ſed id exterius, à quo fit ſanitas, aut <expan abbr="incremẽtũ">incrementum</expan> eſt efficiens: etenim in <expan abbr="incre-mẽto">incre<lb></lb>mento</expan> eſt <expan abbr="alimẽtũ">alimentum</expan>, hoc verò .i. </s> <s>quod cùm ſit actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> facit actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>; rurſus in ægroto <expan abbr="me-dicamẽtũ">me<lb></lb>dicamentum</expan> eſt, aut <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtũ">inſtrumentum</expan> quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> efficere <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan>. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> in hoc <expan abbr="differũt">differunt</expan> hęc <lb></lb>à grauibus & leuibus, quae <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>; oportebat <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> grauia & leuia efficiens intra ſe <lb></lb>habere. </s> <s>Prętereà, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> docet ibi philoſophus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt ea quę <expan abbr="ſanãtur">ſanantur</expan>, <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> intra ſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſuę ſalu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2379"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis, aſſerit illud eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> efficiens. </s> <s>quae ſi in eo <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> grauibus <expan abbr="leuibusq́">leuibusque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimilia <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, habebunt ſanè <lb></lb>hęc <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> intra ſe id quod efficiet <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. </s> <s>Oportet verò meminiſſe <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę dicta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> ab Ariſtotele ina<lb></lb>nimo <expan abbr="carẽtibus">carentibus</expan>, licet <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe <expan abbr="moneãtur">moneantur</expan>, <expan abbr="obſcurũ">obſcurum</expan> eſſe à quónam <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>, <expan abbr="aliterq́">aliterque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ſe habere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in <lb></lb>iis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, & animalibus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inanimis ipſis, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> mouentur <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Etenim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2380"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2381"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę vi <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, initia perſpicua <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, vt homo <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> mouet <expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan>, & <expan abbr="vẽtus">ventus</expan> qui <expan abbr="tegulã">tegulam</expan> in ſublime <lb></lb>rapit: in animalibus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſt animus qui manifeſtè à corpore diſtinctus è à quo corpus agitatur. </s> <s>At <lb></lb>in iis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> natura <expan abbr="monẽtur">monentur</expan>, nil tale <expan abbr="perſpicit̃">perſpicitur</expan>, quod ea moueat, ſed cùm & ipſa ob eas <expan abbr="rõneis">rationeis</expan> quas at<lb></lb>tulit Ariſtoteles, ſe mouere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsint, opus fuit <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> medio ponere principia <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="forẽt">forent</expan> extrinſeca, <expan abbr="ge-nerãs">ge<lb></lb>nerans</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="remouẽs">remouens</expan> <expan abbr="prohibẽs">prohibens</expan>, aut <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, ideò potius à ſeipſis moueri <expan abbr="potuerũt">potuerunt</expan> exiſtimati, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quia <lb></lb>per ſe <expan abbr="mouerent̃">mouerentur</expan> eo quae intra ſe <expan abbr="haberẽt">haberent</expan> <expan abbr="mitiũ">mitium</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽdi">efficiendi</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, ſed quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtaret">conſtaret</expan> <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan> illud, <lb></lb>vnde <expan abbr="mouerẽtur">mouerentur</expan>, ſicut in animali, & eo quod vi mouetur, id quod etiam cùm obſeruaſſet Ariſt. </s> <s>in <lb></lb>eo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> loco <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> modo tractamus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abſolutè protulit. </s> <s>hęc <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> ſeipſis habere <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſuę mutationis; <lb></lb>verùm adiecit <expan abbr="particulã">particulam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="dubitationẽ">dubitationem</expan> pręſeferat; videri ita eſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Plurimũ">Plurimum</expan> verò me <expan abbr="cõfirmat">confirmat</expan> in hac <lb></lb>ſnìa cum <expan abbr="Gręcorũ">Gręcorum</expan> auctoritas, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> in hunc <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> eiuſmodi verba accepiſſe <expan abbr="legunt̃">leguntur</expan>, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in illo <lb></lb>ipſo loco ſubiicit Ariſtoteles, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & Andronici verba ex Simplicio nuper audiuimus, nec <expan abbr="quiſq̃">quiſquam</expan> <lb></lb>illuſtrius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod Ariſtoteles ipſe textu <expan abbr="ſubſequẽte">ſubſequente</expan> peregit, vbi <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="propoſitã">propoſitam</expan> explanauit, & <expan abbr="cõ-formiter">con<lb></lb>formiter</expan> <expan abbr="cõcluſit">concluſit</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> iis quę decreuerat olim 8. Phyſ. &, quod <expan abbr="mai9">maius</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="cõcluſionẽ">concluſionem</expan> <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> <expan abbr="pronũ-">pronun<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2382"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciauit, qua <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="nr̃a">nostra</expan> <expan abbr="cõfirmatur">confirmatur</expan>, tum quod attinet ad loci <expan abbr="illi9">illius</expan> ex 8. Phyſ. <expan abbr="expoſitionẽ">expoſitionem</expan>, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad <expan abbr="inter-pretationẽ">inter<lb></lb>pretationem</expan> loci pręſentis, vt <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> luſtraſſe, & <expan abbr="circũſpexiſſe">circunſpexiſſe</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> hunc eos quae ſecus <expan abbr="sẽtiãt">sentiant</expan>, exiſtimare <lb></lb>oporteat. </s> <s>Et verò niſi accipiamus in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> locum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan>, mira profectò <expan abbr="incõſtantia">inconſtantia</expan>, & in <lb></lb>paucis verbis turpiſsima repugnantia deprehendatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> grauabimur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> philoſophi verba ſub<lb></lb>ſcribere, vt res <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> perſpicua <expan abbr="reddat̃">reddatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="“Itaq.">“Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="manifeſtũ">manifeſtum</expan> eſt, quae cùm <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> ſit in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="veniẽs">veniens</expan> <expan abbr="pro-ficiſcit̃">pro<lb></lb>ficiſcitur</expan> illuc, & ad <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> & tale, vbi eſt actus, & <expan abbr="quãti">quanti</expan>, & qualis, & vbi.” <foreign lang="grc">φανερὸν δὲ ὁτι δυνάμει ὄν <lb></lb>εἰς ἐντελέχειαν ῖον ἔρχεται ἐκει καὶ εἰς τοσοὒτον, και εἰς τοιοὐτο, οὖ και ἡ ἐντελέχεια καὶ ὁσου καὶ οιοῦ και ὁπου</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Intelligit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> in quo poteſtas exiſtit ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>vetere <expan abbr="cõſtãs">conſtans</expan> qua <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <lb></lb>fundatur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, velut <expan abbr="aſcẽſus">aſcenſus</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> terra, & per formę <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> aliud actu <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eò fertur, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> eſt <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> eſt, debeat fieri actu ab eo quod <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt actu; <expan abbr="manife-ſtũ">manife<lb></lb>ſtum</expan>, quae aliquid in actu flagitatur quod antecedat, à quo <expan abbr="deducat̃">deducatur</expan> ad actum, de quo <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nihil adhuc. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mox <foreign lang="grc">τὸ δ' αὐτὸ αἲτιον καὶ τοῦ ἤδη ὑπάρχοντα, καὶ ὄντα και γῆν καὶ πῦρ κινεῖσθαι εἰς τοὺς ἀυτῶν τό<lb></lb>πους υηδενὸς ἐ μποδιζοντος</foreign>. </s> <s>Eadem autem cauſſa, vt ea quæ iam exiſſunt, atque ſunt terra & <lb></lb>ignis, moueantur in ſua loca, nullo impediente. </s> <s>Nam de iis locutus fuerat, quæ generantur. <pb pagenum="375"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2383"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Attamen & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> principia motus intrà ſunt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> fuerit, materia nimirum, & forma, quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> potentia ſint ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>; ab aliquo externo promouentur: <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> enim ſunt cauſſa, cur ina<lb></lb>nima <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>. </s> <s>Quare quantum pertinet ad interna motionis initia: vide <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tu <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> ea ſic <lb></lb>notare, quia ſint cauila, vt moueantur illa, in quibus inſunt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi cauſſa, cur moueatur <expan abbr="quip-piã">quip<lb></lb>piam</expan>, à mouente diſtinguitur, & eſt cauſſa, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à qua patitur, ſed per <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> patitur; <expan abbr="manifeſtũ">manifeſtum</expan> eſt ipſa in<lb></lb>tra ſe habere patibilia principia, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actuoſa. </s> <s>Nam quae ſint hæc principia patibilia, quia ſint <lb></lb>cauſſa motus, hoc eſt cur moueantur: hæc ipſa ſignificant quę ſequuntur. </s> <s>“Etenim nutrimentum <lb></lb>(de eo loquitur, quod eſt in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> proxima) cum <expan abbr="prohibẽs">prohibens</expan> & ſanabile, cum <expan abbr="detinẽs">detinens</expan> abfuerit” (vt <lb></lb>ſi ſpina infixa refigatur) fertur <expan abbr="cõfeſtim">confeſtim</expan>: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in ſeipſis principia, per quæ prodeant in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>: <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">καὶ γὰρ ἡ τροφὴ ὁταν τὸ κωλύον καὶ το ὑγαστὸν ὁταν τὸ ἐπισχὸν μὴ ᾖ φέρεται ευθὺς</foreign>. </s> <s>Cęterùm de <lb></lb>principiis efficientibus adhuc actum non fuiſſe perſuadent ea quæ ſubſcripta proximè leguntur. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ κινεῖ δὲ τό, τε ἐξ ἀρχῆς ποιῆσας, ἢ ὁθεν ἀπεπήδησεν, καθάπερ εἴρηται ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις λόγοις <lb></lb>ἐν οῖς διωριζομεν ὁτι οὐδεν τούτων ἀυτὸ κινεῖ</foreign>. </s> <s>Et mouet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod a principio fecit <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt gene<lb></lb>rans. </s> <s>Et id quod ſubtraxit, aut inde deſiluit, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> pertinet ad <expan abbr="impedimẽti">impedimenti</expan> <expan abbr="remotionẽ">remotionem</expan> quæ differunt <lb></lb>à principiis ſuperioribus, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nobis <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan> faciunt verba quibus ſingula exponuntur; illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt, <lb></lb>per quæ mobile mouetur; hęc quę <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> mouerunt, hoc eſt <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> efficientis, illud <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2384"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principiorum. </s> <s>Tum ſubdit id quod nos maxime quęrimus, & maximè facit pro nobis. </s> <s>Quemad<lb></lb>modum <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt in primis ſermonibus, in quibus determinabamus, quae nihil <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> ipſum ſeipſum <lb></lb>mouet. </s> <s>“Vbi & abſoluta <expan abbr="cõcluſio">concluſio</expan>, & vniuerſalis, & <expan abbr="cõſentiens">conſentiens</expan> cum iis quæ ſemper ipſe profitetur”, <lb></lb>illata eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eiuſmodi quæ obſtet iis quæ ſuperius dicta eſſent: nimirùm quae habeant efficiens ſui <lb></lb>motus intra ſe, niſi <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> in breuiſsimo ſpatio velis inculcare. </s> <s>Id quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> bene <expan abbr="aduertẽti">aduertenti</expan> <lb></lb>modum quo reliqua moueri dicuntur ab intrinſeco, planum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>eò quòd Ariſtoteles etiam <lb></lb>de <expan abbr="iiſdẽ">iiſdem</expan> mutationibus quæ ab intrinſeco fieri videntur, verba fecit 7. Meth. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quas etiam ſponte <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2385"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>factas appellauit, ac docuit eas, ab intrinſeco fieri videri, quoniam intus aliqua ſit cauſſa quæ <expan abbr="re-ſpõdeat">re<lb></lb>ſpondeat</expan> efficienti <expan abbr="moueatq́">moueatque</expan>. </s> <s>ſicuti moueret efficiens: nihilominus ſibi ſupponit <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> in mo<lb></lb>bili propter quam ad certam formam ab efficiente perducitur. </s> <s>Etenim ita ſe habet tum veluti <lb></lb>ſemen; hoc autem, vel eodem philoſopho in eodem textu auctore, poteſtate formam habet, <lb></lb>poteſtas autem illa actuoſa eſt, quæ eſt efficientis ipſius propria, quam materia, vt humor, ab ali<lb></lb>quo principio contraxit, & iam intrinſeca facta eſt eius virtus: attamen, etſi in illa materia virtus <lb></lb>exiſtit, & ea fundatur, quae inhęret, ab efficiente ſeparata: at nihilominus ab externo pendet in offi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2386"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cio, nec agit vt principale, ſed vt inſtrumentum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quanquam & hoc nobis altera ſecta facillimè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2387"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dabit, aliter probaretur ex iſto loco <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſeipſam mouere, aut habere vim efficiendi, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> ipſa tribuit formæ, <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo id <expan abbr="intrinſecũ">intrinſecum</expan> eſt quo animalia quæ in tenebris latitan<lb></lb>tia veſcuntur, dum grauiſsimo ſomno ſunt oppreſſa, nihilo ſecius id tunc à corpore <expan abbr="viuẽtis">viuentis</expan> <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt; &, ſi nutrire debet; in ſimile vertatur oportet. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ab interno principio, ſed ab alio, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> ſit, motus ille adminiſtretur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliud habeat interni, niſi quae eſt intra corpus, cùm cętero<lb></lb>quin interna principia <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtituant">conſtituant</expan>, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>functiones ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> elargiantur. </s> <s>Nam, ver<lb></lb>bigratia, calor ibi eſt qui in morbo materię dat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & aliud, quod, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> adeſſet, à medico ſubmi<lb></lb>niſtraretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nec forma, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materia <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe cauſſa eſt eius motionis, vt <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>. </s> <s>Nec illa ex ſe <expan abbr="mo-uẽtur">mo<lb></lb>uentur</expan>, quae ex cauſſa mouente <expan abbr="cõflata">conflata</expan> ſint, ſed quae latente primo motore ex ſe ipſis moueri videantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2378"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2379"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2380"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 28. 29.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2381"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2382"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2383"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2384"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2385"></margin.target>a T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2386"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2387"></margin.target>b 1. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vnde motuum ſimplicium ratio petatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEQVE ſolùm pertinet hæc ratio mouendi ad elementa quæ ſunt corpora ſimplicia, ſed ad <lb></lb>reliqua inanima: addo etiam ad omnia quæ mouentur ſecundùm naturam, vt animantia <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ea ex parte qua ſecundùm naturam mouentur, amplectatur, animo tum vacante, quemad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2388"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modum ſi lapſus in ſomno contingat. </s> <s>Et generatim de <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> inanimo & ſententię ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>pronunciatæ ſunt, & confirmatæ rationibus vt facilè appareat in <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan> ſenſum fuiſſe detorta ver<lb></lb>ba philoſophi, dum ſic intelligitur: Mixta moueri, quoniam agitentur ab elemento dominante, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ab efficiente cauſſa. </s> <s>Mitto <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd ea res parùm animaduerſa ſit ab iis, qui non <expan abbr="elemẽtũ">elementum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> in mixto ſupereſſe <expan abbr="arbitrãtur">arbitrantur</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> actu velit eſſe, nec quicquam quod <lb></lb>poteſtate ſit, hoc eſt, ſua forma priuatum, valeat ad efficiendum motum. </s> <s>Verùm, vt optimè res <lb></lb>hęc teneri poſsit, <expan abbr="explicãdũ">explicandum</expan> eſt anteà breuiter, vnde tum <expan abbr="cõmunio">communio</expan>, tum <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> naſcatur quę in<lb></lb>ter motum mixti, & elementi intercedit, quò facilius id quod docere volumus, intelligi poſsit, <lb></lb>& ea quę dicentur, cum motu mixti conuenire, & cum ſuperioribus adamuſsim concinere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dicemus autem primùm, vnde ratio ducatur ſimplicium motuum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mixtorum. </s> <s>Omnia igi<lb></lb>tur quæ ſecundùm naturam mouentur, aut rectà aguntur, aut conuertuntur, aut motu quodam <lb></lb>ex his compoſito cientur: rectà mouentur illa quæ vel deorſum concitantur, hoc eſt ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ grauia dicuntur, vel à centro, & ſurſum, leuia nos vocamus, conuertuntur autem ea quæ <lb></lb>mouentur à centro ſimul & ad centrum, & omnino æqualiter circum centrum, id quod duabus <pb pagenum="376"></pb>hiſce conditionibus obſeruatis accidit. </s> <s>nempè, vt partes ſemper & coniunctim, & ſeorſum à cen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2389"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tro diſtent æqualiter, centrum verò, aut ſimpliciter eſt vniuerſi, aut id quod in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> circuitione <lb></lb>locum tenet immobilis & medij. </s> <s>Quare motus omnis, aut neceſſariò ſurſum eſt, aut deorſum, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſurſum, neque deorſum, ſed circum id quod eſt in medio fixum, aut ſurſum <expan abbr="deorſumq́">deorſumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſimul; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic, vel ſimplex, vel ex his compoſitus: ſic tamen, vt ex conuerſione quæ fit circum <lb></lb>medium mundi, nihil prorſus componi queat, ſed ſola maneat ſimplex, ac ſiquis motus conuer<lb></lb>ſionem accipiat; ſic habeatur, quòd ex altero illo conuerſionis genere ſit conſtitutus. </s> <s>immò nul<lb></lb>lus in quo conuerſio generis illius contineatur, ſimplex eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>Neque enim volutatio rotæ <lb></lb>ſimplex eſt motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen is conſtat ſolùm è duobus rectis, quandò fit in orbem, quòd ſiquis <lb></lb>idem faciat orbis diametrum atque axem molæ; cùm circum diametrum orbis agitetur, deſcri<lb></lb>bens ſpatium in contactu rectum, ſpatij partes extra axem magis à centro diſtabunt, vt in præ<lb></lb>ſcripta figura planum eſt, vbi AGF. mola EBC. orbis <lb></lb>AC. diameter & axis molæ D. centrum, non <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ta<lb></lb>men pariter à centro diſtabit. </s> <s>Nam magis diſtant a cen<lb></lb>tro FG. puncta, quàm E. ſed ſemper in eadem diſtantia <lb></lb>permanebit, & coniunctim æquè diſtabunt eius partes à <lb></lb>centro, non ſeorſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ibi erunt etiam ſupra & infra. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2390"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>infrà quidem in medio, ſuprà verò in extremis. </s> <s>Ibi igitur <lb></lb>aliqua eſt conuerſionis imago; quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>ſuper eodem <lb></lb>axe conuertitur, & circum idem centrum, ſed hæc ſua <lb></lb>ipſius molæ ſunt, axis verò, & centrum eius quod con<lb></lb>uertitur, eſt vniuerſi; illius verò partes omnes ſemper <lb></lb>æquè diſtant à centro. </s> <s>Cęteri rotarum motus perſpicuè <lb></lb>conſtant ex aſcenſu & deſcenſu, vt paret in rota, qua vti<lb></lb>mur ad gladios acuendos. </s> <s>Simplices autem duo gene<lb></lb>ratim eſſe dicimus; quoniam ſimplicitas mobilis ab illius <lb></lb>ſimplicitate ſecundùm quod fit motus, accipi ſolet: nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig2"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſic ſimplex eſt generatio, quando gignitur ſubſtantia ſimplex, vt elementum, quòd ſi compoſi<lb></lb>tum aliquod generetur, vt animal; ea non eſt generatio ſimplex; ſic motus ad locum ſimplex, <lb></lb>ſi ſpatium, quod eſt locus in potentia ſecundùm quod fit motus, fuerit ſimplex. </s> <s>Atqui ſpatia <lb></lb>duo ſunt, prima & ſimplicia: vnum illud quod metitur linea recta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum quod metitur <lb></lb>circulus. </s> <s>Ego etiam neceſſe eſt motus illos ſimpliceis eſſe qui ſuper his ſpatiis ſimplicibus fiunt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2391"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quanquam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> me latet magnam dubitationem cecidiſſe in hominum menteis; an'ne ſpatia hęc <lb></lb>ſumenda ſint, vti nos accepimus, & quæ'nam ea ſint; vnde motuum ſimplicium ratio ducatur; <lb></lb>præſertim quòd Ariſtoteles verbo quodam ſatis ambiguo difficultatem amplificauit: <foreign lang="grc">μέγεος</foreign>, <lb></lb>hoc eſt, magnitudinem, id nuncupauit quod nos expoſuimus ſpatium; cùm etiam ea vox & <lb></lb>propriè corpus, & communiter omne genus quantitatis continuæ, atque illius quidem perma<lb></lb>nentis, ſignificet. </s> <s>Nam video hîc Albertum duas propoſuiſſe ſententias ad abſoluendam quæ<lb></lb>ſtionem; primam quidem ex Auerrois placitis, quòd magnitudines mobilium intelligenda ſint, <lb></lb>recta & globoſa, quarum hæc cęlo ſit apta, altera elemento: ex qua efficitur, vt, quod magnitu<lb></lb>dinem illam globoſam poſsidet, in orbem moueatur, quod autem ea caret, rectà concitetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententię patrocinatus Zimara non ignobilis fautor partium Auerrois, & de ſecta il<lb></lb>lius optimè meritus, adiecit ad firmamentum raionis auctoritatem philoſophi qui continuatio<lb></lb>nis in motu cauſſam, non à ſpatio ſumendam eſſe docuerit, verum à mobili ipſo, quanuis etiam <lb></lb>ad conſtituendum motum & ſpatium & termini concurrant. </s> <s>Confirmat prætereà propoſitum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2392"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia motus à mutatione diſtinguitur bifariam, per accidens quidem merito terminorum, quia <lb></lb>mutatio fit è non ſubiecto in ſubiectum, aut contrà; motus autem è ſubiecto in ſubiectum: quo<lb></lb>niam mutatio fit in ſubiecto quod eſt potentia; motus autem in eo quod eſt actu. </s> <s>Ergo in de<lb></lb>terminatione ſimplicium motuum, quam veriſimile erat hîc ex differentiis quæ per ſe forent, af<lb></lb>ferri; optimè ſubiectum quod eſt ipſum mobile, acceptum eſt. </s> <s>Cęterùm non ſatis firma mihi vi<lb></lb>ſa ſemper eſt huiuſmodi ſententia: quoniam magnitudo per ſe nil confert ad motum rectum, <lb></lb>aut ad conuerſionem ſolam, ſed, ſi fortè per accidens, vtpote cauſſa figuræ. </s> <s>Quòd ſi figuram hîc <lb></lb>cum magnitudine comprehendant, vnde'nam 1. de cęlo, quo loco talis diuiſio motus allata eſt, <lb></lb>perſpicuum fuerat cęlo datam fuiſſe figuram globoſam, cùm id lib. 2. pluribus eſſet demonſtran<lb></lb>dum, & plura tanquam apparatum requireret quibus ea demonſtratio niteretur, vt illud, quòd <lb></lb>eſſet corpus finitum; quandò item aliqui philoſophi corpus illud infinitum eſſe opinarentur? <lb></lb></s> <s>Et cur non eodem modo mouentur elementa quo cęlum, cùm & ipſa quoque globoſa ſint? <lb></lb></s> <s>Mitto quòd multi opinantur elementa carere figuris, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò obſtinatè defendant, vt me legiſſe <lb></lb>meminerim, non defuiſſe qui <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> in eo theoremate deſererent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtant argumenta <pb pagenum="377"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2393"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Zimaræ, quo minus ratio motuum ſimplicium peti poſsit à ſpatio, tanquàm notiore, quàm <lb></lb>corporum figura ſit. </s> <s>Nam quanuis eiuſmodi continuationis cauſſam reddiderit <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles, vt 2. de ortu: at ibi <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> conſtituta accepit ea quæ multò antè priore lib. de cęlo demon<lb></lb>ſtrata fuerant. </s> <s>Nec ſatis erat ratio ſubiecti ad explicandum ſpecies motus naturalis: nam motus <lb></lb>rectus & conuerſio in certa proceſſus qualitate ſunt poſita quæ non niſi à ſpatio ſumi poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Poſteriorẽ">Poſteriorem</expan> <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> (poſteriores <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cogitationes <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> ſolent eſſe meliores) protulit Alber<lb></lb>tus <expan abbr="dicẽs">dicens</expan>, eius euenti <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> poſituræ quæ in corpore ſimplici <expan abbr="reperit̃">reperitur</expan>: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> treis <lb></lb>obtineat parteis; in cauſſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, vt tres ſint <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ſimplicium ſpecies. </s> <s>Prima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> pars eſt à <lb></lb>dextris in ſiniſtra <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tribuit ipſe globo <expan abbr="inerrãti">inerranti</expan>; ab altera ab anticis ad poſtica <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> planetis adſcribit, <lb></lb>ac tertia <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reddit elementis quę eſt à ſuperiore ad <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, & contrà. </s> <s>Nec vidit iſte vir, <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> <lb></lb>ſimul poſiturę differentias attribui ſingulis orbibus, neque ipſis ſolùm, ſed animalibus vniuerſis, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inanimis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nullam. </s> <s>Themiſtius verò lineas <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quibus ſpatia <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> deſignantur, accepit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2394"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> credidit eſſe <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> à ſigno, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="vllã">vllam</expan> continere. </s> <s>At verò ſi lineę non ſim<lb></lb>pliciter <expan abbr="accipiãtur">accipiantur</expan>, vt quanta <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>, ſed vt termini <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan>, & nobis aperiunt <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> motuum; <lb></lb>quippe quae vnde motus rectus <expan abbr="dicat̃">dicatur</expan>, aut conuerſio quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> ſpecies motus naturalis, à ſpatiorum <lb></lb>qualitate naſcatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ſubeũt">ſubeunt</expan> ſpatia <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> cauſſę formalis, cùm <expan abbr="determinãt">determinant</expan>; & cauſſæ ſunt, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2395"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potentia vbi, & eius formæ pars in motu ſimplici quæ iure optimo cum materia numerari ſolet, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolummdò <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, ſicut exiſtimauit Themiſtius, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in accidente duplex eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſubiecti, & <lb></lb>accipientis & determinantis, veluti ceruſa certam ſibi pręfinit <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tamen in ſe habet vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, ac recta <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quatenus per <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> partium vniuerſi diſtantia notatur, vnde aſſecuta ſunt <lb></lb>corpora ſimplicia, quae grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint, <expan abbr="certamq́">certamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuę <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> perfectionem generatim ſibi com<lb></lb>parent: circulus verò, quae illi apta <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan>: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> cęlum vergat ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, circum quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> <expan abbr="peræqualẽ">peræqualem</expan> <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan>, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> ipſum voluatur aſsiduè. </s> <s>Nam cùm ea ma<lb></lb>gnitudo ſuper qua voluitur; è duobus terminis <expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan>, <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="circunferẽtia">circunferentia</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eo quidem, <lb></lb>vt termino; hac <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, veluti ſpatio, ſuper quo fit motus; <expan abbr="cẽtri">centri</expan> ſanè beneficio <expan abbr="perpetuã">perpetuam</expan> <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> impartibiliter; obtinuit, quia vim habet <expan abbr="duorũ">duorum</expan> <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> à quo & ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vnà ſunt <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> motus & exitus: proptereà ſemper eſt in fine, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> verò finitus eſt, à <expan abbr="circun-ferẽtia">circun<lb></lb>ferentia</expan> verò <expan abbr="continuitatẽ">continuitatem</expan> quę vim habet extenſionis, impetrauit, quae in ea nullus eſt actu <expan abbr="termin9">terminus</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm ibi ſit <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan>, quod copulans appellatur; at <expan abbr="terminãs">terminans</expan> <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan>, & <expan abbr="circũferentia">circunferentia</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cauſſa, vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, vt forma quippe vt terminus. </s> <s>Sic ergo demonſtrauit Ariſtoteles eſſe duos mo<lb></lb>tus ſimplices, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ſolùm, quae motus ſimplices duo ſint; verùm etiam quae ſint ſimplices. </s> <s>Neque id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2396"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perſpicuum erat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſenſu <expan abbr="cõſtabat">conſtabat</expan>, aut alibi ab Ariſtotele aliqua demonſtratione per actum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> 8. Phyſ. <expan abbr="perſpectũ">perſpectum</expan> ſit eſſe <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> motum <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan>: atqui varia notio ſimplicis eſt; <lb></lb>cùm & ſimplex ſit id quod vnum eſt, nec in alios motus reſoluitur, & illud quoque, cuius varia <lb></lb>principia non exiſtunt, ſimplex perhibetur, ac de illo quidem ſimplicitatis modo diſputatum eſt <lb></lb>8. Phyſ. alter hic ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> de cęlo reſeruatus eſt. </s> <s>Igitur erat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="oſtendẽdum">oſtendendum</expan> eſſe aliquos motus, <lb></lb>qui ſimplices eſſent, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> conſtat ſimul ex eo, quae ſint duæ magnitudines ſimplices .i. </s> <s>ſpatia duo: <lb></lb>nam cęteroqui nexus ille <expan abbr="trifariã">trifariam</expan> ſecari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & tres igitur motus, eſt ſanè congruens, ſed non ne<lb></lb>ceſſarius. </s> <s>Sed hîc <expan abbr="tãtiſper">tantiſper</expan> inſiſtamus ob aliquas difficultateis, quę nos <expan abbr="interpellãt">interpellant</expan>; primùm, quia, <lb></lb>ſi motus fuerit ſimplex, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>vnus, ab vna, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa ſimplici <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> ducat oportet: nam <lb></lb>ſicut ab vno quatenus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, proximè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> proficiſcitur, niſi vnum, ergo quod <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, ab vno pro<lb></lb>ficiſci neceſſe erit, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quatenus <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> ineſt, reciprocè ineſſe didicimus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi vnus effectus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2397"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& vna erit eius cauſſa prima, ſed cauſſa non vna; quippe vt in circulo centrum & circunferentia: <lb></lb>ſimiliter mouens & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, in quo eſt motus. </s> <s>Quare motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vnus erit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimplex. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quia ſic ſe habet motus ad <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> in motu recto, ſicut in conuerſione. </s> <s>Sed in con<lb></lb>uerſione nullum eſt ſpatium: ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in motu recto. </s> <s>Si enim ſpatium in conuerſione extite<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2398"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rit, aut occupabit eam <expan abbr="diſtãtiam">diſtantiam</expan> quæ occupatur à cęlo, vt credidit Alexander, & ſic nihil differet <lb></lb>ab interuallo quod 4. Phyſ. ab Ariſtotele acerrimè confutatum eſt, aut erit intra cœlum, & ſic <lb></lb>continebitur locus; non autem continebit, aut extrà; atqui extra cœlum nihil eſt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inane, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>locus. </s> <s>Prætereà ſubiectum eſt de eſſentia motus, non autem ſpatium, vt ex 3. Phyſ. didicimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>An, vt aliquid ad extremum dicamus <foreign lang="grc">ὑστερον πρότερον</foreign>. </s> <s>Subiectum duplex eſt, vel, vt id quod <lb></lb>tranſmutatur, hoc verò eſt ſubſtantia, aut ſecundùm quod; id verò eſt prædicamentum cuius <lb></lb>partes & formæ ſibi ſuccedunt in motu; hoc verò ſpatium eſt, quod linea recta deſcribitur, non <lb></lb>ſanè mathematicè ſumpta; ſed, vt dictum eſt nuper, quatenus in ea certe vires à cœlo communi<lb></lb>catæ deſignantur, atque item circulus, per quem corpus illud diuiniſsimum de poteſtate vbi <lb></lb>fiens actu vbi, formam & perfectionem aſſequitur eius prædicamenti. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de <lb></lb>ſpatio, qui eſt circulus ſuper quo mouetur globus cœleſtis, & quemadmodum contineat cor<lb></lb>pus cœleſte, quod ad locum mouetur, multa poſteà dicemus. </s> <s>Interim quòd ſit ſpatium ſu<lb></lb>per quo conuerſio fiat, velut ab Ariſtotele poſitum, ſi quis dare vereatur, hoc loco oſtendemus. <pb pagenum="378"></pb>Ipſe enim 4. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> docuit prius & poſterius in tempore naſci ex priore & poſteriore parte ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2399"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2400"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gnitudinis ſuper qua fit motus: intelligit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conuerſionem. </s> <s>Prætereà 4. Phyſ. docuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod <lb></lb>mouetur, per aliquid moueri, & <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> quodam, & pro ratione diuiſionem admittere <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, mo<lb></lb>tum, quod mouetur, & ſuper quo fit motus. </s> <s>Tum etiam 7. Phyſ. didicimus conuerſionem & <lb></lb>motum <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> non poſſe ſecum conferri, quia fierent ſuper magnitudinibus recta & rotunda quæ <lb></lb>ſecum conferi nequeunt. </s> <s>Quod verò pertinet ad primum: ita dabo reciprocationem illam po<lb></lb>ſitis iis legibus quæ <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> fuere deſcriptæ, vtputa, primò. </s> <s>Sic & vnus effectus ab vna cauſſa pri<lb></lb>mò producitur, vt ab vna forma ſubſtantia. </s> <s>At ex hoc non tollitur, quin à pluribus aliis cauſsis <lb></lb>idem effectus propagari poſsit quæ non ſint ordinis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, vt ſunt varia <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> genera, aut illæ, <lb></lb>quę ſunt <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ſanè generis, ſed vna <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, alia <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>: vna ſupponitur, cęteræ <expan abbr="ſuperueniũt">ſuperueniunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita igitur motus ſimplex & vnus appellatur, quia non <expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan> à pluribus naturis ordinis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, vt <lb></lb>à pluribus <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>, nec à pluribus formis, nec à pluribus <expan abbr="efficiẽtibus">efficientibus</expan> <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> opera <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> ſint.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2388"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2389"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2390"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2391"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2392"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2393"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2394"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>Lib. de in<lb></lb>greſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2395"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2396"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2397"></margin.target>b 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2398"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2399"></margin.target>a T. 9<gap></gap>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2400"></margin.target>E</s></p> <figure id="fig2"></figure> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm motus ſecundùm elementum dominans in mixto ſimplex existat, an non, <lb></lb>& cuius'nam ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>E CORPORIBVS, vti dictum eſt, quædam ſimplicia ſunt, quędam verò conflata ex his. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2401"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ea ſanè ſimplicia ſunt, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> principium motus habent in ſeipſis ſecundùm naturam; <lb></lb>ea verò quæ motum ab alio impetrarunt compoſita; quæ quidem inanima & animata eſſe nihil <lb></lb>prohibet: quanquam exiſtimauit Simplicius & inter noſtros Zimara, decepti, vt puto, fallacia <lb></lb>quadam ſecundùm conſequens, <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ſolùm eſſe animata: <expan abbr="quãdoquidem">quandoquidem</expan> ea ſint quę ab alio <lb></lb>principium ſui motus impetrarint, ab animo nimirùm; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>motibus mixtis agitentur, laxa<lb></lb>tione, tentione, volutatione partium, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> tractu ſimul & pulſu: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & hi motus <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="iidemq́">iidemque</expan>. </s> <s>ab alio fiunt. </s> <s>Sed ex inanimis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nonnulla <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ſunt, vt metalla & foſsilia quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>alij referunt acceptum ſui motus initium, per quod diſtinguuntur ab animatis: quoniam illa, vt <lb></lb>ſupra dictum eſt, extra ſe habent principium, à quo mouentur; hæc verò intra. </s> <s>proptereà mo<lb></lb>uentur inanima quæ ſunt compoſita; quoniam ſui motus habent initia, non eiuſmodi ſanè quæ <lb></lb>moueant, ſed per quæ moueantur, à ſimplicibus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> non habent ſimplicia talem motum <lb></lb>per aliud, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> per ſuam ipſorum naturam: at illa principium ſui motus obtinent beneficio corpo<lb></lb>ris ſimplicis, quod dominatur, & <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſecundùm ipſum mouentur: cùm verò exuperantiæ frœni <lb></lb>ex mixtura naſcantur; neceſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, vt & temperatus ſit hic motus, & non ita purus, vt adeò <lb></lb><expan abbr="prõptè">promptè</expan> atque expeditè finem <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> conſequatur, ſed aut ſegnior ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> remiſsior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> coporis illius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2402"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimplicis, quod <expan abbr="dominat̃">dominatur</expan>, vbi ſecretum fuerit à mixtura, aut non ita ſit ad perpendiculum, quem<lb></lb>admodum <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> eſt, quæ grauia ſunt, aut leuia ſimpliciter, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non obtineat ſummum <expan abbr="extre-mumq́">extre<lb></lb>mumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> qui corpori dominanti debetur, vt puta, ſi aëreum fuerit, aquæ <expan abbr="planitiẽ">planitiem</expan> occupabit, <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> locum aëris intimum: ita impari velocitate caro <expan abbr="terraq́">terraque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cient̃">cientur</expan>, nec ſtellę quæ diſcurren<lb></lb>tes vocantur in quibus <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> motus eſt duplex, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> natiuum quod attollit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> violans <lb></lb>quod deprimit & detrudit. </s> <s>motu recto ſimpliciter <expan abbr="agunt̃">aguntur</expan>, ſed in latus: <expan abbr="fabriq́">fabrique</expan>. </s> <s>rectitudinem pa<lb></lb>rietis exploraturi <expan abbr="plũbeo">plumbeo</expan> <expan abbr="perpẽdiculo">perpendiculo</expan> quod <expan abbr="grauiſsimũ">grauiſsimum</expan> eſt, vti ſolent: <expan abbr="itidemq́">itidemque</expan>. </s> <s>nautæ fabricant <lb></lb>lineas quibus maſſas <expan abbr="plũbeas">plumbeas</expan> appendunt, vt maris <expan abbr="altitudinẽ">altitudinem</expan> metiantur quas <foreign lang="grc">βολιδας</foreign> <expan abbr="appellãt">appellant</expan>, <lb></lb>vel <foreign lang="grc">καταπειρατηριας</foreign>, aut <foreign lang="grc">παταπειράτας</foreign>; noſtri, <emph type="italics"></emph>lo ſcandaglio<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, quia magis accedat plumbum <lb></lb>ad diametrum mundi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quodquam aliud corpus: <expan abbr="oleumq́ue">oleumque</expan>, cùm ſit aëreum, tamen enatat in <lb></lb>aqua ſolùm, nec in aëre manet ſuſpenſum. </s> <s>Quocirca non iniuria motus ſimplex eſt ſimplicium <lb></lb>corporum, <expan abbr="cõpoſitorum">compoſitorum</expan> verò mixtus; licèt & <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> motus ſemper imitetur motum eius cor<lb></lb>poris ſimplicis quod primas obtinet in mixtura: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ab Ariſtotele dictum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Manifeſtum eſt quae horum quidem <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> cauſſa eſt, quæ in incompoſitis eſt differentia: vſque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2403"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adeò vt hæc bellè <expan abbr="reciprocent̃">reciprocentur</expan>, ſimplicitas motus & corporis, & ex aduerſo <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> rei mixtura. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi corpora ſimplicia conflata ſunt è principiis quorum vires ab vllo contrario labefactatæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2404"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non fuerint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> retuſæ: profectò ſummi gradus erunt functionum, nec ſummi <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> gra<lb></lb>dus ab aliis initiis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab iis quorum vires integræ ſint, proficiſci poterunt, quae ſi hæc <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmeant">commeant</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> & illa <expan abbr="cõmeent">commeent</expan> neceſſe eſt, motus .ſ. </s> <s>temperatos ex principiis extare non integris, atque vbi <lb></lb>non ſint ſalua principia, nec ſummas functioneis edi poſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> hoc loco Græcorum <expan abbr="aciẽ">aciem</expan> deſe<lb></lb>remus, & repudiabimus Simplicium, <expan abbr="Theodorũ">Theodorum</expan>, & horum <expan abbr="imitatorẽ">imitatorem</expan> D. <expan abbr="Thomã">Thomam</expan> in libris de cęlo; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>motum quę mixta ſunt, quae pro dominantis <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> fiat, <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan> eſſe negabimus. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>rem animal, cùm ſecundùm naturam mouetur animo feriante, quia moueatur vt terra, ad eum <lb></lb>peruenire gradum quem terra aſſequi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> dabimus; cuius ſignum, quae <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mergitur ægrè <lb></lb>cadauer in aquis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item concedemus cœlum, quod ipſi mixtum eſſe voluere, vt parteis Aca<lb></lb>demiæ tuerentur, aut religioni fauerent, vti debuerunt, quia <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> dominantis elementi ſeque<lb></lb>retur, motu <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſimplici concitari. </s> <s>Quapropter ſi nullum apud nos elementum eſt penitus pu <pb pagenum="379"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2405"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum; verùm pro terra, aqua, aëre & igni, ſunt terreum, aqueum, igneum & aëreum: omnino <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>vllus motus rectus in natura ſimplex exiſtet: attamen ita de motibus hiſce <expan abbr="cogitandũ">cogitandum</expan> erit, atque <lb></lb>de corporibus, vt quia ſint <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ex ſimplicibus, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſimplicia <expan abbr="ſupponãtur">ſupponantur</expan>, ita etiam de <lb></lb>motibus aſſeramus. </s> <s>Sed cùm multò magis hęc corpora ſecreta ſint <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> animalium, aut <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan>; <lb></lb>veriſimile eſt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> illa magis imitari <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eorum quę ſunt puriſsima, ſiqua ſubſiſtunt in natura, <lb></lb>nec potius ita cogitanda ſint, cùm à cęlo iugiter afficiantur, & in <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> aſsiduè transfor<lb></lb>mentur. </s> <s>Verùm quia nobis in hac re lites intercedunt cum viris <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> litterarum genere excultiſsi<lb></lb>mis; etiam mihi enitendum eſt animi mei ſenſum aperire; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illis erit <expan abbr="moleſtũ">moleſtum</expan>, ſi laborem pro <lb></lb>veritate <expan abbr="ſuſcipiã">ſuſcipiam</expan>; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>præcipuè quae impudentis hominis ſit neglectis illuſtrium virorum monu<lb></lb>mentis, ab illis ſine graui cauſſa diſcedere, & obſtinatè placita ſua defendere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> pręter id quod <lb></lb>in Ariſtotelem à Xenarcho allatum eſt: ſi mixtorum motus eſſet mixtus, fore, vt infiniti ſint <lb></lb>motus mixti, quandò infinitis modis <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> variantur, quia numero tantùm infiniti ſunt, ſpe<lb></lb>cie verò nequaquam, quae in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſpecie quædam formarum latitudo ſpectatur, cum ſubſtantiæ, tum <lb></lb>item accidentis: tametſi non <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> terminorum genere excedit, à quorum varietate deducitur <expan abbr="indi-uiduorũ">indi<lb></lb>uiduorum</expan> varietas, quę, licèt infinita fuerint, nihil certè naturæ ordini aduerſatur: etiam alia mul<lb></lb>ta à noſtris afferuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> apud illos multum habet ponderis, quae inquit Ariſtoteles, motum <lb></lb>mixti fieri ſecundùm <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> quod dominatur: <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan> verò motu ſimplici ſolum cietur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2406"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ergo mixta item motu ſimplici agitabuntur; quaſi verò idem ſit mixti, àc dominantis elementi <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>quae ſi hîc ſimplex eſt, igitur etiam motus mixti ſimplex neceſſariò fuerit. </s> <s>idcircò multas <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> corrogant ad confirmandum huiuſmodi placitum. </s> <s>Nam inquiunt, mixtum eſſe ſimilium <lb></lb>partium. </s> <s>Ergo motus non recipit <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan>. </s> <s>Prætereà cùm mixta componantur à graui & <lb></lb>leui, aut ſecundùm <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> lineas agentur, aut diuerſas: non eaſdem ſanè, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri poteſt, vt <lb></lb>idem ſecundùm lineas eaſdem ad terminos oppoſitos feratur. </s> <s>ſi diuerſę fuerint: igitur ex motu <lb></lb>diſſolutio mixti conſequetur. </s> <s>Necnon ſi miſceretur motus, <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> deberet <expan abbr="cõponi">componi</expan> cum aſcen<lb></lb>ſu deſcenſus: hoc tamen fieri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> mixtorum motus fit ſuper vna linea recta & directò: <lb></lb>at contrarij motus fiunt ſecundùm diametrum. </s> <s>Ergo motus mixti non <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> è contrariis. </s> <s>Prę<lb></lb>terquam quae contrariis motibus idem ſimul moueri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> contraria ſimul in eodem <lb></lb>eſſe queunt. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſi miſcerentur, intendi ac remitti valerent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm perſpicuum ſit eos <lb></lb>ita non affici: conſtat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non miſceri. </s> <s>Veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc à nobis eius roboris eſſe creduntur, <lb></lb>vt ſententiam noſtram conuellere poſsint, facilè autem id intelligetur, ſi nonnulla pręnotemus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Puto verò te in primis accipere motus naturaleis cum ſimplicium, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mixtorum, <expan abbr="eoſq́">eoſque</expan>. </s> <s>ad in<lb></lb>terna principia referre, memorem, & quae vis externa tanta eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt <expan abbr="nõmodò">nommodò</expan> mixtum, ſed etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2407"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corpus ſimplex à perpendiculo deflectat; verùm etiam contra naturam agat ad <expan abbr="perpẽdiculum">perpendiculum</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſpiritus ille iure validiſsimus exiſtimatus, qui in <expan abbr="altũ">altum</expan> euehit lapides, & ſpirę <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> imitatur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="qualẽ">qualem</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="cẽſemus">cenſemus</expan> <expan abbr="eũtquẽ">euntquem</expan> prędixit Anaxagoras, cùm lapis ille maximus cecidit in AEgoſpota<lb></lb>mis: <expan abbr="hiſtoriã">hiſtoriam</expan> te noſſe puto. </s> <s>Quamobrem & ſimplex <expan abbr="aget̃">agetur</expan> motu <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> cauſſa <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> <expan abbr="mo-uentiũ">mo<lb></lb>uentium</expan>, cauſſa ſpatij motu ſimplici <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed id <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> agimus. </s> <s>Tum redeas in <expan abbr="memoriã">memoriam</expan> velim <lb></lb>de mixtura. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quę verè <expan abbr="miſcent̃">miſcentur</expan>, <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> ſunt, quę verò <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequuntur">conſequuntur</expan>, per accidens <lb></lb>permiſcentur, quae <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> quę <expan abbr="miſcent̃">miſcentur</expan>, afficiuntur, aliquo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pacto affici, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita pura eſſe ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt illa quæ <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> <expan abbr="comitant̃">comitantur</expan>. </s> <s>Miſcentur verò per <expan abbr="oppoſitionẽ">oppoſitionem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> certè remitti <expan abbr="tẽperariq́">temperarique</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>oportet, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> verò <expan abbr="tẽperata">temperata</expan> <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> ſunt, ita <expan abbr="iungunt̃">iunguntur</expan>, vt ex iis alia ſpecies <expan abbr="exoriat̃">exoriatur</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> mediam <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan>. </s> <s>ita tamen, vt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> è contrariis ſuperet <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, illud <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, in cuius loco <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> in ſui <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quaſi <expan abbr="cõuertat">conuertat</expan>, vt ociari ac ſilere <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> eius impetus tan<lb></lb>tiſper <expan abbr="retundat̃">retundatur</expan>. </s> <s>Ex in mixti opera <expan abbr="dominãtis">dominantis</expan> <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> <expan abbr="imitant̃">imitantur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò ſic exactè & purè propter <lb></lb><expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, quod repugnat, ac ſi abſoluta forent, & ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> mixtura ſecreta. </s> <s>Quòd ſi principia mo<lb></lb>tionis huiuſce requiras, accipe vniuerſa in mixto ad eius <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan>, licèt non æqua<lb></lb>liter: ex quo vna forma exiſtit per <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> quę ab elementi <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> prędominio præfi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2408"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nit̃">nitur</expan>, & ab hac <expan abbr="exorit̃">exoritur</expan> propria functio mixti, in qua non ſanè ſingula <expan abbr="ſeorsũ">ſeorsum</expan> operantur, ſed vt vnum <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud <expan abbr="tẽperatum">temperatum</expan>. </s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> facilè diſſoluuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod in primis obiicitur, fieri <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>mixti ſecundùm <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> dominans: peccat argumentum <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> dictionis. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> fieri ſecundùm, eſt imitari, & habere <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> id quod ineſt in eo, ſecundùm quod fit; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>obtinere <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed eiuſmodi, quod ex ipſo naſcatur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> notat id <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="efficientẽ">efficientem</expan>, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="exẽplarem">exemplarem</expan>, ſeu <expan abbr="formalẽ">formalem</expan>, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> te docuit Scotus 2. ſent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tranſumit̃">Tranſumitur</expan> ergo id quod eſt ex elemento <lb></lb><expan abbr="dominãte">dominante</expan>, in id quod eſt elementi <expan abbr="dominãtis">dominantis</expan>. </s> <s>At mixtum, inquiunt, eſt <expan abbr="ſimiliũ">ſimilium</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>; non ſanè, <lb></lb>quin è diuerſis naturis <expan abbr="conflatũ">conflatum</expan> ſit, ſed quae omnes eius partes ſunt vniuſmodi. </s> <s>Noſti <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> triplex eſſe <lb></lb>genus <expan abbr="vniformiũ">vniformium</expan>, vnum quidem ſimplex vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>; alterum verò <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel carens fi<lb></lb>gura, vt caro & ſanguis, aut habens <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan>, vt neruus, arteria, venæ, cor; & nos ex hoc genere <lb></lb>cœlum eſſe alibi docuimus. </s> <s>ideò nil prohibet, quominus motu mixto concitentur. </s> <s>Cùm poſteà <lb></lb>quęritur; an'ne ſecundùm lineas eaſdem, an alias <expan abbr="agant̃">agantur</expan>. </s> <s>Aio motum hæc iri per <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> lineas, cę <pb pagenum="380"></pb>terùm non ſimpliciter: ſiquidem leuis <expan abbr="grauiſq.">grauiſque</expan> naturę conuenere in vnam formam, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> exiſtit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2409"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnicus motus, qui motum elementi dominantis exprimit; non tamen eſt ita purus, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum ſi vnius tantùm foret corporis, ſed altero quod infirmius eſt, paullum concedente, deſcribi<lb></lb>tur propè linea quam deſcriberet <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> dominans: at non ſic directò, aut impari velocitate, <lb></lb>aut ad terminos eoſdem non producitur. </s> <s>Neque timenda eſt vlla mixti diſſolutio, cùm refractæ <lb></lb>ſint elementorum virtutes in ea miſcella in qua etiamſi ſint elementa contraria; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſ<lb></lb>ſam impetus ad contraria loca; nihilominus aduerſario concedente in eius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quod ſupe<lb></lb>rauit (reſtat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habitus ſolus, actio ſilet) non exercentur contrarij motus; niſi, quatenus ille qui <lb></lb>à dominante proficiſcitur, non eſt ita efficax, vt is qui fuerat dominantis: ex qua item coniun<lb></lb>ctione efficitur, vt non ita moueatur ad angulos pares, veluti ſtellæ proſilientes in quibus duo <lb></lb>principia, quorum alterum prorſus eſt naturale, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum præter naturam, permanent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>ſimul tranſeunt in vnum. </s> <s>Contraria verò, dum in ſummo gradu verſantur, conſiſtere <expan abbr="nequeũt">nequeunt</expan> <lb></lb>ſanè, ſed remiſſa non pugnant, vt ſuo loco intelliges. </s> <s>Itaque etſi aſcenſus in lapide ab igni exiſtit, <lb></lb>propemodum ſilet, & tantiſper obſtat, vt contrariam virtutem afficiat, ſolùm non tollat. </s> <s>Motus <lb></lb>verò intendi & remitti, quanuis non detur magis aut minus motus, aut magis minuſúe deſcen<lb></lb>ſus, & planè ſecundùm ſubſtantiam non intendantur, neque remittantur, ſic etiam principia ex <lb></lb>quibus contrarij motus oriuntur, quia ſat eſt, in miſcella ſi qualitates ſolæ remittantur: at actus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2410"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſos remitti non inconuenit, & accidit, & neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>remittuntur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pro ratione velocitatis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> motus, & ſpatij, per quod fit motus. </s> <s>quæ omnia conſequuntur exuperantiam domi<lb></lb>nantis ad ea quibus dominatur. </s> <s>Ergo motus mixti mixtus eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimplex, & ſecundùm elemen<lb></lb>tum quod dominatur, nec dominantis elementi, quemadmodum nonnulli falsò cenſuerunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2401"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2402"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2403"></margin.target>b 4. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2404"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2405"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2406"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2407"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2408"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2409"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2410"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An'ne mixtum motu dominantis elementi concitetur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED tamen id quod Ariſtoteles, vt experientia cognitum accepit, oppugnatur acribus argu<lb></lb>mentis; vt, quae ita ſit, non minus, quàm cur ſit, in dubium reuocari videatur. </s> <s>Idcirco noſtrum <lb></lb>munus eſt <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> caput ſedulò pertractare. </s> <s>tantum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abeſt, dicet <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan>, vt mixti motus <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> elementi dominantis imitetur, vt potius oppoſitum fateri cogamur. </s> <s>Nam perſpicuum eſt <expan abbr="ele-mentũ">ele<lb></lb>mentum</expan> <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> in mixto ſuperare ex efficaciſsimis operibus <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> primarum quę ſequuntur <lb></lb><expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas, aut eorum eſſentiæ ſunt: nihilominus apparet mixtum longè alium, immò <lb></lb><expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> motum ſubire. </s> <s>Verbig. </s> <s>calor igneus in aliquo <expan abbr="vinorũ">vinorum</expan> genere dominatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen <lb></lb>eo motu <expan abbr="concitãtur">concitantur</expan> qui ſit proprius ignis, ſed potius habet motum qui graui conuenit <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2411"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nec non dominatur ignis in calce, & tamen calx agitur motu terræ. </s> <s>Prætereà, ſi moueretur ita <lb></lb>mixtum, ſicut ad motum dominantis elementi mouetur; etiam ad eiuſdem quietem maneret. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atqui de oleo ſenſus teſtatur oppoſitum. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aër in illo dominetur, in aëris tamen loco non <lb></lb>manet, ſed in aquę ſuperficie quieſcit. </s> <s>Pariſienſes item hoc <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> <expan abbr="tormẽto">tormento</expan> nos concutiunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Spectant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primo loco ſimplicis mobilis <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan>. </s> <s>Inter alias verò treis has obſeruant. </s> <s>Singula <lb></lb>ſibi vendicare locum proprium in quo <expan abbr="maneãt">maneant</expan>, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> perducere ſuos motus in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed vt per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> corpora proprium locum aſſequantur in quo maneant ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & con<lb></lb>ſeruentur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id aggreditur, quod ipſa ſe adepturam <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> deſperet. </s> <s>Eadem quò locis ſuis pro<lb></lb>pinquiora ſunt, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> velocius agitantur, cauſſa poſteà reddetur. </s> <s>Prætereà velocius concitan<lb></lb>tur, quo <expan abbr="minorẽ">minorem</expan> offenderint reſiſtentiam: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> in vacuo quoque, ſi daretur, in non <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>moueri poſſent. </s> <s>Cùm hæc ita ſint, hoc pacto ſtruere licet argumentum. </s> <s>Si mixta <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> elemen<lb></lb>ti dominantis obtinerent, <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> proprietatibus inſignita forent, quas habent elementa illa <lb></lb>quorum motibus <expan abbr="agũtur">aguntur</expan>. </s> <s>At nil horum ineſt in mixtis, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> motu dominantis elementi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mo<lb></lb>uentur: quandoquidem aut <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> locum in quo maneant, ſibi non aſſumunt, aut ocyus non <lb></lb>agitantur, vbi prope finem ſui motus peruenerint, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſegnius in vacuo <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in pleno mouentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Singula verò ſic approbari poſſunt. </s> <s>Accipiatur mixtum in quo ſint tres partes ignis, & binę reli<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2412"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quorum <expan abbr="elemẽtorũ">elementorum</expan>: manifeſtum eſt in eo primas obtinere ignem. </s> <s>fingatur moueri, certè <expan abbr="regionẽ">regionem</expan> <lb></lb>aëris tranſilire non poterit. </s> <s>ita fit, vt <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> motus ſui finem conſecuturum ſit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi ad aëris <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> peruenerit, & in <expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan> <expan abbr="ſibiq́">ſibique</expan>. </s> <s>proprium locum euolare nitatur. (idem <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> <lb></lb>& mixti, cui dominatur locus eſt) ipſi tum ſex partes grauitatis obſtabunt, quę ſanè plus <expan abbr="valebũt">valebunt</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tres partes igneę leuitatis. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficietur, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> queat mixtum <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ſuum <expan abbr="mouẽdo">mouendo</expan> conſequi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde ſtatuatur <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> cui elementa grauia dominentur; ita, vt ternę ſint partes aquæ & terræ; <lb></lb>binę verò <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> ſuperiorum. </s> <s>locetur hoc in concauo lunæ qui locus eſt ignis, & <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> impedi<lb></lb>mento ſublato ſuæ naturæ committatur: profectò ſui motus initio celerrimè concitabitur, pro<lb></lb>ptereaquae ſex grauitatis partes ipſum incitabunt: adde <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, ſi libet, aliquot parteis aëris qui pondus <lb></lb>habet in loco ignis; ibi duntaxat eius leuitas reſiſtet. </s> <s>fac ipſum mox in aërem deſcendere: tum <lb></lb>plures partes <expan abbr="obſiſtẽt">obſiſtent</expan> leuitatis, ignis .ſ. </s> <s>& aëris; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>promouebitur à quattuor partibus gra <pb pagenum="381"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2413"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uitatis, ſit demùm in aqua: <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> à partibus grauitatis, quas de terra obtinuit, agitabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cum vis illa quæ <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> incitabat in proceſſu minuatur, augeatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ea quæ prohibet, quo <lb></lb>propinquius igitur ſuo loco fuerit, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſegnius agetur. </s> <s>Poſtremò pone mihi <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, in quo <lb></lb>tres ſint partes igneæ leuitatis, aëreæ verò quattuor, grauitatis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> aquæ & terræ quaternæ: col<lb></lb>locetur hoc corpus in loco ignis: ibi tum duodecim partes <expan abbr="triũ">trium</expan> elementorum inferiorum ipſum <lb></lb><expan abbr="deprimũt">deprimunt</expan>, ſola verò ignea leuitas extollit, quæ ſe habet in proportionem ſub <expan abbr="quadruplã">quadruplam</expan>, vt tria .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>ad reliquas mixti virtutes quæ ſunt XII. Quamobrem hoc mixtum de ſui motus initio tantum <lb></lb>habet, quantum eſt quattuor ad vnum, quæ eſt proportio quadrupla. </s> <s>Finge poſtmodò ab igni <lb></lb><expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad terræ centrum, <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> corpus eſſe expulſum: tum mixtum illud ab octo partibus grauitatis <lb></lb>impelletur, ſeptem verò leuitatis repugnabunt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> reſurget inde proportio ſuperpartiens ſepti<lb></lb>mas, vt octo .ſ. </s> <s>ad ſeptem. </s> <s>Ergo in vacuo minor erit proportio principiorum mouentium, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in <lb></lb>pleno, quae ſi à maiore proportione facultatis motricis velocior fit motus; mouebitur ergo mixtum <lb></lb>hoc ocyus in pleno, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in vacuo. </s> <s>Valet & hoc argumentum ad illa oppugnanda quæ prius de va<lb></lb>cuo decreta ſunt. </s> <s>Quare etiam vacui gratia licebit eius pondus examinare, & duabus in rebus <lb></lb>vnam operam conſumere. </s> <s>Cùm igitur mixti motus elementi dominantis motui prorſus aduer<lb></lb>ſetur; cur perſuadebimur ab Ariſtotele dicente mixtum moueri <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> elementum, quod excellit? <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm imbecillis ſanè iudicij ſit relinquere ſenſum & perſequi rationes; præſertim cùm hæc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2414"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſine vllo negotio dilui poſsint. </s> <s>Et illa duo quidem priora, quæ ſumpta ſunt ab eo, <lb></lb>quòd alius eſt mixti motus, aut fortaſſe contrarius motui dominantis elementi, ex hoc: quoniam <lb></lb>multiplex eſt dominium elementi in mixto, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, aut ſecundùm <expan abbr="paſsionẽ">paſsionem</expan> <lb></lb>vel habitum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> habitum verò dico, vel <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> ab ortu contractam, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> inueteratam; <expan abbr="paſsionẽ">paſsionem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2415"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eam quæ facilè propulſatur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> roris aut pruinæ habitum <expan abbr="faciã">faciam</expan> calorem, ſicut vaporis: <lb></lb>itaque & illę ſingulis noctibus cadunt; hic verò per annum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtraq.">Vtraque</expan> verò & habitus & affectio <lb></lb>proficiſcuntur ab externo: virtus illa quæ interna eſt, ſecundùm materiam ineſſe dicitur. </s> <s>Atqui <lb></lb>motus ſecundùm <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> quod dominatur, vt plurimum à dominio, quod eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan>, petitur. </s> <s>Nam, tametſi vis externa plus poteſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> interna, id eſt, dum res fit & ad tempus; aliter <lb></lb>nihil generari poſſet: in re facta materiæ eius item eſt eximia, nec facilè ſuperari patitur, vt eam <lb></lb>vincere & expugnare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> leuis operæ ſit. </s> <s>Nam nego verò, etiam ſi extrinſecum minus habeat ro<lb></lb>boris ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod intus eſt, quin motus ab ita dominante virtute ſit aliquandò deſcen<lb></lb>ſurus, vt de pruina dictum eſt; quando primùm attollitur, vbi nondum aquæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> exuit, mul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2416"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="toq́">toque</expan>. </s> <s>magis in aſpiratione quæ difficilius in aliud corpus <expan abbr="trãſmutatur">tranſmutatur</expan>: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm terra planè ſit, <lb></lb>nihilominus aſcendit. </s> <s>Si ergo varia ſunt elementorum dominia, <expan abbr="ſpectandũ">ſpectandum</expan> illud quod plus <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> dominium motus mixti <expan abbr="cõſequetur">conſequetur</expan> altero cedente vt victo, & <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> ociante. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>igitur calx & <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan> ſint calida per paſsionem & habitum, frigida verò ſecundùm materiam: obti<lb></lb>nente dominio quod eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ad motum elementi ſic dominantis agitantur, quod <lb></lb>cùm ſit, aut terra, aut aqua & vnum prorſus è grauibus etiam illa cum his deorſum feruntur, cu<lb></lb>ius ſignum: quoniam, ſi <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan>, vbi in ventrem fuerit ingeſtum, concaluerit, & victa fuerit illa qua<lb></lb>litas quę materię comitatur, <expan abbr="aſcẽdit">aſcendit</expan> & petit caput. </s> <s>nihilo ſecius in plurimis obſeruatur illud <expan abbr="do-miniũ">do<lb></lb>minium</expan>, quod internum eſt, & vocatur ſecundùm materiam: rarò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & infrequenter <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> eue<lb></lb>nit, vt id quod extrinſecùs accedit, poſsit nimiò plus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod eſt intus. </s> <s>Optimè verò enatat <lb></lb>oleum in aquis, mitto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliqua <expan abbr="oleorũ">oleorum</expan> genera quæ propter craſsitiem & glutem aquæ, poros ſu<lb></lb>bire nequeunt; illud accipio cui prædominatur aër: illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminatur motus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę non ſunt <lb></lb>aër abſolutè, ſed <expan abbr="aqueã">aqueam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="terrenã">terrenam</expan> grauitatem participant, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita poſſunt attolli, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> aër; ideò in eius infima regione conquieſcunt. </s> <s>Eodem modo profligatur illud prius <expan abbr="argu-mentũ">argu<lb></lb>mentum</expan> ex hypotheſi, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> locus ipſe ignis idem eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mixti in quo primæ ſunt ignis ipſius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2417"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>partes, ſed infimus eius loci terminus. </s> <s>Quamobrem hoc mixtum ſuprema veris ſuperficie non <lb></lb>excedet. </s> <s>Secunda verò & tertia hypotheſis inferre <expan abbr="vidẽtur">videntur</expan> fallaciam, quæ eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cauſſæ, vt cauſſa. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prętereà in vacuo <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> eſſe graue, aut leue, & <expan abbr="ſuſq́">ſuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>moueri, cùm in ipſo nil ſit huiuſmodi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed hoc miſſo, dicimus iis obiectionibus id ſupponi quod falſum penitus habendum eſt. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>præter id quod vis motrix interno principio committitur, cùm à nobis <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> demonſtratum <lb></lb>fuerit, nec quicquam ab interno præter virium <expan abbr="collationẽ">collationem</expan> deriuetur, vnde & certus motus, hoc <lb></lb>eſt, ad terminos certos, & facilitas ad eos adipiſcendos exoritur; etiam poſtulare videntur, à <lb></lb>principiis quibus vim mouendi adſcribunt, ſolùm pro illorum dominio motum adminiſtrari; <lb></lb>at alia multa concurrunt, vt elementi profectus in forma & actu. </s> <s>Adde huc, quòd aër in ſua <lb></lb>regione potius ad grauitatem confert, vt ſuo loco videbimus. </s> <s>Ex quibus omnibus fit, vt inter <lb></lb>mobilia <expan abbr="principiaq́">principiaque</expan>. </s> <s>mouentia proportionis ratio facilè varietur & confundatur.</s></p> <pb pagenum="382"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2411"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2412"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2413"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2414"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2415"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>reſp.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2416"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2417"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Afferuntur cauſſę motus in mixto. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2418"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2418"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VENIO nunc ad alterum caput quo de prima cauſſa motus in mixto nobis <expan abbr="exponendũ">exponendum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> apud <expan abbr="pleroſq.">pleroſque</expan> inualuerat illa opinio, vt ea quæ per ſe mobilia ſunt, <expan abbr="princi-piũ">princi<lb></lb>pium</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſui motus efficiens intra ſe haberent: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de mixto creditum eſt, vt, cùm per ſe <lb></lb>mobile ſit, habeat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſui motus, hoc eſt, à quo moueatur, internum. </s> <s>At cùm primùm <lb></lb>id quod efficeret <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in ſubſtantia naturali, exiſtimaretur forma: diceret <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Ariſtoteles ab ele<lb></lb>mento (vt ipſi opinantur) dominante mixtum moueri: <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> hîc ego generalem viam à philoſo<lb></lb>phis teneri video, vt <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> mixtum vnius ac ſimplicis naturæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ſui mo<lb></lb>tus initium <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit ponendum, ſed plura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> forma & elementum. </s> <s>Nam formæ <expan abbr="of-ficiũ">of<lb></lb>ficium</expan> eſt agere & mouere, (vt ipſi volunt) motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à dominante videtur adminiſtrari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quo-niã">Quo<lb></lb>niam</expan> verò probabile non eſt, plura principia ad <expan abbr="efficiendũ">efficiendum</expan> vnum <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ſub eodem ordine con<lb></lb>uenire, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ab vno, quatenus vnum eſt, non niſi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> proximè, & primò proficiſcitur, & con<lb></lb>trà vnum proximè & primò, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> niſi ab vno principio. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, cuipiam attribuitur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cum eo reciprocatur quo ineſt quatenus tale: vt, ſi homini, quatenus animal, attribuitur vti <lb></lb>ſenſu: omne <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quod vtitur ſenſu, animal eſſe oportet, perſpicio philoſophos in duas ſectas eſſe <arrow.to.target n="marg2419"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diuiſos. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> huiuſmodi ſententiam tribuit Auerroi Iandunus, vt primùm ipſa elementi for<lb></lb>ma dominans <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> excitet, & poſtquàm eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> à forma in ſeipſo excepe<lb></lb>rit, deinceps moueat mixtum. </s> <s>Alij verò mixtum moueri dicunt à propria forma pręcipuè, à do<lb></lb>minante verò elemento, quia <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> ab ipſo afficiatur ad excipiendum talem motum. </s> <s>Ludoui<lb></lb>cus Buccaferrea <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> quidem mixti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> accepit, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> auctorem illius motus, & adiecit in<lb></lb>ſuper elementum, ſed ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> pari gradu <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> moueri teſtatus eſt; quoniam forma mixti ſim<lb></lb>plex non ſit, verùm <expan abbr="cõponentium">componentium</expan> elementorum virtutes in ſe retineat inter quas vna ſuperat; ob <lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem motus ille ſit mixtus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſimul ab elemento dominante fiat. </s> <s>Et certè inter ſenten<lb></lb>tias <expan abbr="Latinorũ">Latinorum</expan> nulla huic anteit iudicio meo. </s> <s>At verò & <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> & priuatim in hos auctoreis in<lb></lb>uehi licet, tùm ex demonſtratis, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex iis quæ poſteà ſubijcienda ſunt. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea vera ſunt quæ <lb></lb>de motu <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan> à nobis concluſa fuerunt; ea nimirùm extrinſecùs habere principium, quod <lb></lb>efficiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> obtinere tantùm, per quod mouentur: planum quae omnes falsò accipiunt, mi<lb></lb>xtum, vt ab efficiente, vel a dominantis elementi forma, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> propria, vel ab <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> dominan<lb></lb>te concitari. </s> <s>Prætereà videntur omnes aliquid in Ariſtotele deſiderare, quia cauſſam primam <lb></lb>ac <expan abbr="potiſsimã">potiſsimam</expan> eius motus omiſerit; hæc verò eſt forma, duobus locis 1. 2. & 3. de cęlo, vbi ſpecia<lb></lb>tim vniuerſa <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> effecta naturæ <expan abbr="incõpoſitorum">incompoſitorum</expan> tribuit, & <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> corporum è quibus ipſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2420"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuere conflata. </s> <s>Seorſum verò videtur peccaſſe Iandunus; quandò ipſe fingit, primùm moueri <lb></lb><expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, deinde mixtum: cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> per ſe moueatur <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> mixti per accidens mo<lb></lb>ueatur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars eſt mixti. </s> <s>ea verò ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> totius agitatur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> iſte vir infi<lb></lb>ciari, elementum à forma propria reipſa & actu moueri, cùm tale ſit officium formæ in elemen<lb></lb>to, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> omnes in Auerrois diſciplina profitentur. </s> <s>Quamobrem illud ipſi tantum vſui <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe, quae licet <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> temporis puncto <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> à ſua forma moueatur, & ab elemento mixtum, <lb></lb>natura tamen prius obeatur dominantis elementi motus à ſua forma. </s> <s>Cęterùm vbi ſit ordo effi<lb></lb>cientium, videat ipſe an <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> inſtans eorum functionis eſſe queat; conſulat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> demonſtrationem <lb></lb>7. Phyſ. de qua ſuperius affatim diſſerimus. </s> <s>Nam quid prohibebit, quominus infinita tempore <lb></lb>finito moueri poſsint? </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inter cauſſas mouenteis in quibus eſt ordo, <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> differentia non in<lb></lb>tercedit, iam id conſequi poterit, quod tamen, ac ſi fieri nequeat, ab Ariſtotele conſtitutum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2421"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Videat item, ſi elementum in mixto maneat <expan abbr="refractũ">refractum</expan>, & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> potius retineat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> actum; quo<lb></lb>modo poſsit eſſe cauſſa motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> natura prior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> forma mixti, quæ eſt actu ſimplici<lb></lb>ter. </s> <s>Quid <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vetabit, quin motus mixti ſit ſimplex? </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> verum, ab aliquibus appro<lb></lb>batum eſt: tamen iuxta Auerrois placita quæ mordicus ipſi tuentur, defendi poſſe non videtur. <lb></lb></s> <s>erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus ille mixti idem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> elementi, elementum verò motu ſimplici concitatur. </s> <s>Quòd au<lb></lb>tem, ſi par ſit <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> gradus, & formæ mixti & dominantis elementi, quia forma mixti virtute <lb></lb>contineat <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> dominans, quod Buccaferrea dicebat: vel quae elementum in mixto remaneat, <lb></lb>vt cenſebat Auerroës, refi <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> retuſum, ſeu virtute remanere fatearis, ſiquidem à mixti for<lb></lb>ma perficiatur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> veluti materia: quis non optimè perſpiciat motum mixti non fieri <lb></lb>tunc ab ipſo elemento? </s> <s>ob id quod anteà diximus, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ab eo quod poteſtate eſt, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naſcitur motus, ſed à forma quę eſt actu? </s> <s>niſi fortè poteſtas genus illud cauſſę ſignificet quod <lb></lb>ex perfectione entelechia nuncupatur. </s> <s>Sed quî <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> hoc eſſe; quandò elementi forma, vt <expan abbr="aiũt">aiunt</expan> ipſi, <lb></lb>non ſeruatur in mixto; nihilominus à dominante fieri <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> motum ex verbis philoſophi <expan abbr="reſtãtur">reſtantur</expan>? <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> elementum cauſſa afficiens eſſe nequeat; hoc perſuadet, ſiquidem vel ita dicatur affi<lb></lb>cere, quae verè efficiat, & propriè ad efficiens, vt ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> fontem referatur, & tum in eam ſententiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> valebunt quæ nos attulimus anteà contra dicentes <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> ab elemento, quatenus ab efficien <pb pagenum="383"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2422"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te moueri, aut potius accipienda affectio, ac ſit patibilis quædam facultas, per quam moueatur <lb></lb>mixtum. </s> <s>Id verò, ſi ita eſt, iam diſcordes non ſumus, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>illud controuerſiæ reſtat, quod <lb></lb>attinet ad <expan abbr="explicãdum">explicandum</expan> <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo mouetur mixtum inanimum à ſua forma: quarè ſi ſatis aptè <lb></lb><expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> eſt, ipſam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad motum <expan abbr="cõcurrere">concurrere</expan>, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> patibile principium, profectò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mixta inani<lb></lb>ma ſolùm in ſeipſis habebunt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus internum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> patibile, quod nos ab ini<lb></lb>tio perſuadere conabamur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> conſtitutis iis quæ de principiis efficientibus motum in elemen<lb></lb>tis, ſatis <expan abbr="ſuperq.">ſuperque</expan> vobis anteà fuerunt ex poſita, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>recepto <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe principium motus in ani<lb></lb>ma carentibus patibile, non actuoſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eſſe, quod propriè ſecundùm quod appellatur: ita <lb></lb>mixtum ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſuam moueri dicemus, vel à generante, dum fit, vel à remouente pro<lb></lb>hibens, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> factum eſt, quod cùm conceſſerit Ariſtoteles in animatis, multò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> libentius in <lb></lb>mixtis admittendum eſt, <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> verò dominantis elementi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aliud faciemus à ſua forma: <expan abbr="quan-doquidẽ">quan<lb></lb>doquidem</expan> forma mixti virtute continet in ſeſe corpora ſimplicia: quinimmo cum <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> mixto domi<lb></lb>netur aliquod <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, quia forma mixti exiliens ex <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> mixtura, præſefert neceſſariò <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> <expan abbr="vir-tutẽ">vir<lb></lb>tutem</expan>, qualis eſt elementi dominantis, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliud quicquam mixti forma habenda eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> certa <lb></lb><expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ratio <expan abbr="virtutũ">virtutum</expan> elementorum quæ ſignificatur ex ea voce dominij, ſic fit, vt cauſſa motus in<lb></lb>terna ſit illa ipſa virtus, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> reapſe cum forma exiſtens. </s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> philoſophus elemen<lb></lb>to dominanti, ſeu virtuti huic quæ continetur in forma (incertum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quid nomine <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ ἐπικρα<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2423"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>τοῦντος</foreign> .i. </s> <s>dominantis ſibi velit Ariſtoteles, & ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> perbellè accommodari poteſt) eundem <lb></lb>tribuit characterem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> formæ: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita inquit <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐπικρατουντος</foreign>, hoc eſt, à dominante, <lb></lb>ſed <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ τὸ ἐπικρατοῦν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſecundùm id quod dominatur. </s> <s>Ex quibus etiam ſeruabitur optimè <lb></lb>vnus motus vnius mixti, quanquàm non ſimplex, cum & ipſum vnum ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum per vnam <lb></lb>formam. </s> <s>Liquet inſuper, vt etiam mixta, ſi fuerint inanima, ab alio tanquam efficiente neceſ<lb></lb>ſariò moueantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2419"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2420"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2421"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2422"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2423"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne par elementorum momentum in aliquo mixto, vbi nonnulla Auerrois dicta <lb></lb>perpenduntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXPLICATVM eſt anteà, quemadmodum mixtum moueatur ſecundùm dominans. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb>rum ex eo dicto quendam ſenſum <expan abbr="abſtruſiorẽ">abſtruſiorem</expan> eliciebat Auerroës, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nempe vnum indicari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2424"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod in quolibet mixto dominaretur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> concludebat, ex hoc effici non poſſe, vt par elemen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2425"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>torum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> in mixto vnquam ineſſet, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quadam confirmauit, cuius robur La<lb></lb>tini ferè <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> arbitrati ſunt eſſe <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan>, vt in eius <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad hæc tempora defenſum theo<lb></lb>rema fuerit. </s> <s>Nos rationem primo loco in medio afferemus; deindè ſignificabimus, quid in ea de<lb></lb>ſiderari poſsit. </s> <s>Ea fuit ratio viri doctiſsimi. </s> <s>Si in aliquo mixto par eſſet elementorum robur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>haberet locum in quo maneret ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, neque item ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſibi conuenientem moueri <lb></lb>poſſet. </s> <s>Quapropter eſſet <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> corpus naturalem quo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus, nec quies exiſteret, id quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> infert <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan>, quippe quae naturæ definitio tollatur in qua ponuntur motus & quies. <lb></lb></s> <s>Coniunctum ſic approbabat Auerroës. </s> <s>Sicubi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conſiſteret, aut ille grauium locus eſſet, aut le<lb></lb>uium, ſed neutrobi manet; ſiquidem è <expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan> loco grauia deprimentia deiiciant; leuia cùm attol<lb></lb>lant, è grauium loco euehant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo neutrò mouetur: quandò ne feratur in locum <lb></lb><expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan>, leuia reſiſtunt, & contra ne aſcendat, grauia prohibent. </s> <s>Quia verò poſſet opponere quiſ<lb></lb>piam <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> rationem. </s> <s>Plus & minus dici per <expan abbr="cõparationem">comparationem</expan>, & ad aliquid ſimpliciter tale referri; <lb></lb>idcircò, quia datur magis minuſúe <expan abbr="tẽperatũ">temperatum</expan>, neceſſe item eſſe dari <expan abbr="tẽperatum">temperatum</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Ad hanc <lb></lb>rationem ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reſpondet, in ea vitium illud tacitè notans quod Bryſſoni obiecit Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>ita quadranti circulum. </s> <s>Vbi plus eſt & minus, ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> æquale <expan abbr="ponendũ">ponendum</expan> eſſe: proptereà cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2426"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maior & minor circulo daretur quadratus, & æqualis igitur. </s> <s>nempè ex <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> effici, nec rei<lb></lb>ipſius principia ſumere, & degenerare in ſyllogiſmum ſophiſticum. </s> <s>Ita & hæc obiectio laborat <lb></lb><expan abbr="codẽ">codem</expan> vitio, nam <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> accipit quod complectitur <expan abbr="tẽperatum">temperatum</expan> ſimpliciter, in quo nullum exupe<lb></lb>rat <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, & temperatum ſecundùm genus, <expan abbr="qualẽ">qualem</expan> in genere animalium credimus eſſe <expan abbr="homi-nẽ">homi<lb></lb>nem</expan>, & id quod temperato in genere <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, transfert ad <expan abbr="tẽperatum">temperatum</expan> ſimpliciter: oportebat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ac<lb></lb>cipere ea quæ ſunt propria <expan abbr="tẽperati">temperati</expan> in hoc ſignificato, quod ſe feciſſe Auerroës arbitratur. </s> <s>Adde<lb></lb>bat etiam D. Thomas. </s> <s>Si contraria conuenirent æqualiter ad mixti <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan>, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> altero non <lb></lb>eſſe formalius, ſed <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> pariter eſſe in actu. </s> <s>Non igitur vnum ex illis fieri poſſet. </s> <s>Nam quando fit <lb></lb>è pluribus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, neceſſe eſt ibi ſit id quod materiæ vicem ſubit & poteſtatis, & quod obtinet inſtar <lb></lb>actus & formæ, quòd cùm in <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan> æqualibus non inſit; etiam ſequitur, vt æqualia non conſi<lb></lb>ſtant in mixto. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſe Auerroës compos voti fuerit, mox aſpiciamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> Auerrois ratio, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> demonſtratiua eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſaria, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> dominio <lb></lb>facturus, longè aliam rationem tenere voluerit. </s> <s>Nos igitur docebimus in primis non eſſe penitus <lb></lb>repudiandum <expan abbr="tẽperamentum">temperamentum</expan>, quod pareis gradus <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan> virtutum elementorum. </s> <s>Deinde ex <pb pagenum="384"></pb>ponemus, quæ'nam illa corpora ſint, in quibus pares <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> virtutes habeantur. </s> <s>Tum locum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2427"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſis aſsignabimus. </s> <s>Poſtremò argumentum Auerrois expendemus. </s> <s>Ac primùm quidem mon<lb></lb>ſtrat Ariſt. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="cõſtitutione">conſtitutione</expan> tactus certam requiri temperiem ſine vlla <expan abbr="exuperãtia">exuperantia</expan>, ſiquidem ſenſus <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan>, vt habeat facultatem accipiendi ſingulas formas ſibi obiectas, vniuerſis priuatus ſit oportet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tactus obiectas habet tactileis qualitateis: igitur earum formis debet eſſe priuatus: atqui corpus <lb></lb>eſt naturale, <expan abbr="idemq.">idemque</expan> mixtum: neceſſe eſt igitur, vt è virtutibus <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vt quam <lb></lb>plureis tactilium qualitatum <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> admitteret, <expan abbr="tẽperatum">temperatum</expan> natura conſtituit: tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maximè <lb></lb>priuatus eſt, cùm in <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> medio conſiſtat. </s> <s>Idcirco medici in vola manus exquiſitum poſuere ta<lb></lb>ctum, quae ibi ſumma eſſet <expan abbr="tẽperies">temperies</expan>. </s> <s>Sed, quia poſſet obiicere <expan abbr="tẽperamentum">temperamentum</expan> eſſe duplex; alterum, <lb></lb>quod innatum dicitur, quia naſcatur ex elementis, ſeu virtutibus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ <expan abbr="cõponunt">componunt</expan> materiam <lb></lb>mixti, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum quod influens vocant, & aliunde accedit, vt à cerebro frigus, quod temperat <lb></lb><expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> ſpirituum qui continetur in arteriis, aut à corde calor, qui corrigit <expan abbr="frigiditatẽ">frigiditatem</expan> partium ter<lb></lb>reſtrium, ex quibus corporis noſtri moles <expan abbr="cõpacta">compacta</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Motus verò principia non ad influens, ſed <lb></lb>ad innatum <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan>, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> noſtram nullius eſſe ponderis. </s> <s>Ad hæc dicimus, quemad<lb></lb>modum id quod aliunde eſt <expan abbr="tẽperatum">temperatum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & id quod ſuum eſt, aliquando exiſte<lb></lb>re, vt cùm gignitur inanimum, ſiquidem in certo loco conſtituatur pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formæ, ſeu poteſta<lb></lb>tis quæ ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> producta iam materię facta eſt propria. </s> <s>Nunc calor Solis primùm extenuat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2428"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>humorem qui eſt in fundo maris, inde creatur vapor qui extollitur ab initio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad aquæ ſuper<lb></lb>ficiem; ſi plus caloris adhuc experiatur, euehitur in ſublime quidem, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen prima regio<lb></lb>ne aëris excedit rorem pruinamúe faciens; ſi calor plus adhuc poſsit; tranſit in <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan>, vbi plu<lb></lb>uias, <expan abbr="niueſq́">niueſque</expan>. </s> <s>gignit, & ita fortè pręualebit, vt philoſophorum fama eſt, vt efficiat ignim, & orbem <lb></lb>lunę attingat. </s> <s>Sicut ergo producitur id quod exuperat ex oppoſito tranſiens, & inde <expan abbr="retrocedẽs">retrocedens</expan>, <lb></lb>& veterem ſtatum recuperans; neceſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt producatur temperatum, & pro temperamenti <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> fiat motus, & locus proprius comparetur. </s> <s>Verùm hæc, quia ſimplicia cenſebuntur, & <foreign lang="grc">ἡμι<lb></lb>γενεῖ</foreign> miſſa faciamus. </s> <s>Non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> item negari eiuſmodi temperamentum in mixtis, vt in iis quę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>merguntur in aquis, veluti lignum & oleum, ex quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cauſſa redditur, cur ebenus in aqua mer<lb></lb>gatur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>plus habeat terræ, & ſingulis ex vario ſimplicium corporum prædominio certus in <lb></lb>aqua locus aſsignatus. </s> <s>Quapropter non modò eſt <expan abbr="tẽperamentum">temperamentum</expan> <expan abbr="influẽs">influens</expan>, ſed ingenitum etiam, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> natiuum; nec modò in ſimplicibus, verùm etiam in mixtis, in quo motus initia ſunt æqualia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="pariaq́">pariaque</expan>. </s> <s>momenta. </s> <s>Non eſſe verò irritam eiuſmodi viam ab Ariſtotele, vbi de elementorum do<lb></lb>minio fit iudicium, facile eſt videre, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quandoquidem ipſe docuerit illud elementum dominari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2429"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in mixto, in cuius loco mixtum genitum fuerit, vt ſi in loco terræ producatur; in eo terra domi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2430"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natura ſit. </s> <s>Ad cuius item iudicij confirmationem illa licet afferre quę de animalium differentiis <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles indicauit. </s> <s>Dubitatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cur, cùm ſint quattuor appellata elementa, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nihilominus tria <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2431"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſint animalium genera, terrea, aquatilia, & aërea; nullum ſit quod igni reſpondeat, cur id ita fiat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt curę nunc explicare, ſed illud ſatis eſto, quòd iudicium de dominio ſumitur ex loco in quo <lb></lb>mixta gignuntur, & ſe tuentur, non ſanè ob aliud, vt opinor, ac quae ibi plus eſt de illo elemento, cui <lb></lb>debetur ille locus, quia plus in natura ſit quod ſe habet ex natura, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quod contra naturam, illud <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> participare, quod abundat. </s> <s>magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eius, cuius inopia ſit; eſt etiam naturale. </s> <s>Ex quibus ap<lb></lb>paret viam à motu <expan abbr="petitã">petitam</expan>, quod fecit Auerroës, ab Ariſtotele non fuiſſe ſuſceptam. </s> <s>Non eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>veriſimile ipſum toties de eadem <expan abbr="retractantẽ">retractantem</expan> illam omiſiſſe quæ demonſtrandi vim haberet, & <lb></lb>alteram ingreſſum fuiſſe quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aſſequeretur quod vellet. </s> <s>Neque neceſſaria eſt ea ratio, quem<lb></lb>admodum conſtabit, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> de talium <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> loco dixerimus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eiuſmodi corporum gene<lb></lb>ri conuenire putamus <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> inter grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>locum in quo maneant, & ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> vndecunque <lb></lb>ſuapte natura ferantur: quando oleum in aquæ ſuperficie manet & lignum & in aëris imo quie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2432"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcit: eſt verò terminus ille grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, & <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> ſint ea corpora, huc conci<lb></lb>tantur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in grauibus aſcendunt, deſcendunt verò in leuibus qui locus eſt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> proprius, quę <lb></lb>non ſunt grauia ſimpliciter, aut leuia; qualia neceſſe eſt illa ſint, in quibus elementorum exupe<lb></lb>rantiæ ſunt ex æquo refractæ. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> certi ſuccurrit quod contrà afferatur, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> impingatur <lb></lb>ad eoſdem ſcopulos ad quos etiam ſuperiores obiectiones impinguntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud officit quod <lb></lb>innuit aliquando Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi docet, cur enatet oleum, quia .ſ. </s> <s>tenax, <expan abbr="lentumq́">lentumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit; quapro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2433"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pter aquæ partes penetrare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ſiquidem ob <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> cauſſam, vbi oleum fit in fundo; ad aquæ <lb></lb>ſuperficiem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit attolli; proptereà quae oleum ibi non generatim, ſed olei ſpeciem quandam <lb></lb>notari puto de qua medici meminere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ſcribit Dioſcorides, inueniri ſpeciem quandam bi<lb></lb>tuminis craſsioris in Sicilia, Agrigentinorum agro, quod fontibus innatat, quo indigenę pro oleo <lb></lb>vtuntur, idcirco nonnulli oleum Siculum vocauere. </s> <s>Sed oleum ſimpliciter ex aquis enatat, & <lb></lb>ex earum imo effertur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> reddit cauſſas Alexander, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cur oleum epotum vomitum moueat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2434"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& potiſsimùm flauæ bilis. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> leue ſit, & appetat ſuperiora; cibos effert ad ſtomachum qui<lb></lb>bus ipſe irritatus neſcit <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan>; maximè verò bilem flauam reiicit, quia leuis eſt, & humorum <pb pagenum="385"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2435"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> qui ſunt in corpore noſtro, tenuiſsima. </s> <s>Et quanuis in oleo lentities inſit, non tamen <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed maxima lentities vi penetrandi priuatur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> patet in defruto, quod item poros ligni, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> <lb></lb>tenuiſsimos penetrare conſueuit. </s> <s>Quanquam valde admodum differt oleum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> penetrare hu<lb></lb>mida, & oleum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> penetrari ab humidis. </s> <s><expan abbr="eouſq.">eouſque</expan> ſanè tenacitas olei <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt non facilè penetretur; <lb></lb>aliter in minimas guttulas, vt aqua, reſolui poſſet; ſed, quin alios humoreis penetrare queat, qui <lb></lb>facilè diuiduntur; nil eius glutinotitas obſtat. </s> <s>Idcirco ſolent diligentes humorum conſeruatores <lb></lb>ora vaſculorum oleo coronare, vt prohibeant perſpiratum, & cauſſam putredinis pellant. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>oleum penetrationi reſiſtit quod tamen per aquas effertur. </s> <s>Quare, vt paucis expediam, quod ſen<lb></lb>tio: ſtatuo <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> Ariſtotelis eſſe approbandam; eam verò <expan abbr="relinquendã">relinquendam</expan> quam profert Auerroës. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de <expan abbr="cõcluſione">concluſione</expan> in pluribus non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in omnibus Auerrois ſententiam recipio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan>, <lb></lb>ſi more <expan abbr="cõſueto">conſueto</expan> phyſicis, vt vniuerſalem faciemus nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> habitu eorum quæ rarò eueniunt; <lb></lb>nihil moror. </s> <s>ſatis eſto nobis hoc corporum genus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aduerſari naturæ, nec ex eorum eſſe ordine <lb></lb>quæ nullo pacto fieri valent, quod ſanè contingeret, ſi ratio concluderetur vniuersè ſimpliciter. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod verò pertinet ad <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> ipſius, cùm patuerit quínam locus illis <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>, quo moueantur, <lb></lb>& in quo maneant ſecundùm naturam: ad earum formam ita dico. </s> <s>Cùm probatur ea <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri <lb></lb>contrariis retrahentibus, aut non manere trahentibus oppoſitis; primùm retorqueo rationem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dicam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa moueri, quae oppoſita ſint in officio, grauibus nimirùm in leuium loco deprimentibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2436"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in loco autem grauium leuibus attollentibus; nec de ſuo loco moueri oppoſitis quæ ſunt in pro<lb></lb>prio loco, reſiſtentibus, vtputa, non mergentur, in aquis reſiſtentibus partibus leuibus non aſcen<lb></lb>dent in aërem grauibus obſtantibus. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> neceſſariò manebunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt valet id quod aſſumpſiſti <lb></lb>pro te, ſic etiam pro me valere poterit. </s> <s>Sed nos prætereà damus <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> formam, quæ præſtat <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> <lb></lb>motus, & loci, & quietis ſecundùm naturam pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> dominantium in mixto cuius eſt forma: in <lb></lb>ipſa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omnes elementorum virtutes <expan abbr="cõſpirarunt">conſpirarunt</expan>, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> motus immutari dicimus, niſi in ve<lb></lb>locitate, perpendiculo, aut termino, aliter, ac fiat in motu ſimplicium. </s> <s>Verùm quia mixtio graue <lb></lb>& leue <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter effecit, illis <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> locus, & motus ad eum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> qui proprius <lb></lb>eſt grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>quodammodo. </s> <s>proinde <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>confinium, & hic erit locus na<lb></lb>turalis, quo <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ferentur, & vbi manebunt. </s> <s>Et, vt cominus accedamus ad <expan abbr="argumẽta">argumenta</expan> <lb></lb>(<expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> idem inuentum eſt) quod ab illo accipitur ea <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> iri ad locum, vel grauium, <lb></lb>vel leuium: dico id verum eſſe, ſi fuerint corpora ſimplicia, ſed, ſi fuerint mixta; non ſatis aptam <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan>, ſiquidem ſit etiam locus medius inter leuia & grauia in <expan abbr="vtrorumq.">vtrorumque</expan> confinio, quo <lb></lb>ſuopte impulſu mixta ex elementis æquè liberatis ferentur, & in quibus conquieſcent <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> alia cor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2437"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>porum conditione poſt habita, qua cedere, vel reſiſtere <expan abbr="cõſuerunt">conſuerunt</expan> media, per quæ feruntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>obſtat item <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> D. Thomæ, quippe quae optimè id contraria præſtare poſsint: etenim illa eſt contra<lb></lb>riorum natura, vt inter ſe ſint actu & poteſtate, quod 3. Phyſ. docuit Ariſt. </s> <s>ideò vbi aduerſitas eſt, <lb></lb>ibi quoque ratio poteſtatis & actus & ratio vinculi per quod mixtum poteſt fieri vnum. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>par elementorum vis etiam dabitur in natura, quod oſtendendum fuerat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2424"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2425"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2426"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2427"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2428"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2429"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge. <lb></lb>T. 49. <lb></lb><lb></lb>4. Meteor. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2430"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2431"></margin.target>b 3. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2432"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2433"></margin.target>c 4. Met. <lb></lb>T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2434"></margin.target>d 1. Probl. <lb></lb>T. 126.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2435"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2436"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2437"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Characteres finis cum communes, tum proprij traduntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus <expan abbr="efficiẽtia">efficientia</expan> <expan abbr="prĩcipia">principia</expan> quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> in <expan abbr="aĩo">animo</expan> <expan abbr="carẽtibus">carentibus</expan> <expan abbr="abũdè">abundè</expan> tractarimus, ac docuerimus <lb></lb>vnà, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> materia & forma quę <expan abbr="cõſtituunt">conſtituunt</expan> <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan>, <expan abbr="cõueniãt">conueniant</expan> ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="producẽdũ">producendum</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> à natura motus, ſi prętereà diſquiramus, vt ipſa à pręcipuo <expan abbr="gñe">genere</expan> cauſſę moueantur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> <expan abbr="cõpertũ">compertum</expan> eſt, vbi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> generatim de fine diſputabimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde ſigillatim <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> <lb></lb>imitati naturæ ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="deſcẽdemus">deſcendemus</expan> cuius <expan abbr="gr̃a">gratia</expan> propagatur motus in rebus naturalibus. </s> <s>Primùm verò <lb></lb>characteres ipſius aperiemus, deinde docebimus, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> ab ipſo propria effecta naſcantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Finis igitur pręter eos characteres qui ſibi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> aliis cauſsis ſunt <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan> quos ego quattuor eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2438"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõperio">comperio</expan>. </s> <s>nimirùm <foreign lang="grc">τὸ διατι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>cur, quae per <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> genus interrogatis, cur aliquid, aut ſit, aut fa<lb></lb>ciat, aut fiat; ita <expan abbr="reſpõdere">reſpondere</expan> licet, vt, cur prodit in <expan abbr="forũ">forum</expan>? </s> <s>vt <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan> <expan abbr="amicũ">amicum</expan>: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τὸ τι ἐστὶ</foreign>, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, quod logicè vſurpatur, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> cauſſę <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> in ea definitione <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <foreign lang="grc">αἰτιώδη</foreign>, hoc eſt, cauſſę redditricem <lb></lb><expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>, ex eo, quae ſola cauſſa <expan abbr="cõtenta">contenta</expan> eſt; accipi poſsint, vt hinc illę lachrymę; hęc illa miſericordia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ὁθεν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>vnde, vel <foreign lang="grc">ὑφ' οὗ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>à quo quod tametſi peculiari <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> vi nobis exprimit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan>; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> latè patet, & ad <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> genus <expan abbr="trãsfertur">transfertur</expan>, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſunt, vel vnde aliquid ſit, vel <lb></lb>vnde fiat, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vnde cognoſcatur. </s> <s>ſic à ſanitate eſt ambulatio, & à principe <expan abbr="obediẽtia">obedientia</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2439"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὅ</foreign> .i. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> quod; quaſi ſe <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ad aliquid, vt ipſum eas neceſſariò <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan>, & per illam <lb></lb><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> inſit in <expan abbr="habẽte">habente</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>: quare ambulat, quatenus expetit <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan> valetudinem. </s> <s>Et <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἐξ</foreign> <expan abbr="cõmu-nis">commu<lb></lb>nis</expan> ſanè character eſt: nam complectitur materiam quæ primum eſt, ex quo, vt quod ineſt, fit <lb></lb>compoſitum. </s> <s>Res etiam ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtare dicitur à Porphyrio: pertinet item ad ef<lb></lb>ficiens: quapropter ex homine fieri dicitur homo, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> obſeruatum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt eo finem ſignificari, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2440"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐκτοι αύτης ἇρα ἀρχῆς ἤρτηται ὀ ουρανός καὶ ὑ φύσις</foreign>, quod tamen vult eſſe cauſſam, vt finem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Finis igitur pręter hos <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> characteres habet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> ſuiipſius proprium qui <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> <foreign lang="grc">οὗ ἐνεκα</foreign> .i. </s> <s><expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> <pb pagenum="386"></pb>gratia, quòd <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> moueantur, faciant, & fiant, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> operentur, vt ad aliquid perueniant quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2441"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adepto ſedetur <expan abbr="oīs">omnis</expan> actio, & omnis appetitus expleatur. </s> <s>Nam ſiue natura ſit, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> humana vo<lb></lb>luntas, niſi <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> mentis adeò deprauatæ fuerit, vt inconſultò <expan abbr="temereq́">temereque</expan>. </s> <s>agat, à <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> excitatur, <lb></lb>& modo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> impellitur ad agendum, <expan abbr="vtq.">vtque</expan> eo potiatur, <expan abbr="oīa">omnia</expan> præſtat, ac niſi conſequatur, fruſtra <lb></lb><expan abbr="cẽſeatur">cenſeatur</expan> illa peregiſſe. </s> <s>Veruntamen, etſi proprius eſt character ille finis ipſius generatim ſumpti, <lb></lb>cuius eſt ea conditio, vt eo ſit perfectius, quod in ipſum <expan abbr="cõtendit">contendit</expan>. </s> <s>quapropter (niſi fallor) à qui<lb></lb>buſdam Latinis interpretibus habetur finis naturalis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed, vt aiunt ipſi, naturalitate <expan abbr="cõmu-ni">commu<lb></lb>ni</expan>, is <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oīno">omnino</expan> eſt vniuſmodi, cùm diſtribuatur in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> qui eſt cuius gratia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> generi <expan abbr="cognomẽ">cognomen</expan>, <lb></lb>& alterum qui ab Ariſt. </s> <s>dicitur <foreign lang="grc">ᾧ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>cui. </s> <s>quem <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> naturalitate propria nuncupari credo. </s> <s>Illud <lb></lb>quidem quod generis nomine nuncupatur <foreign lang="grc">οὗ ἐνεκα</foreign> .i. </s> <s>cuius gratia eſt aliquid, hoc ſibi <expan abbr="reſpõdens">reſpondens</expan> <lb></lb>habet, quod dicitur huius eſſe gratia, vt ſanitas eſt, gratia cuius æger ſumit medicamentum, ſum<lb></lb>ptio verò medicamenti fit gratia ſanitatis: altera <expan abbr="aūt">aut</expan> illa vox, à Latinis propter <expan abbr="carentiã">carentiam</expan> ſexti ca<lb></lb>ſus apud Gręcos, variis modis vſurpari <expan abbr="cõſueuit">conſueuit</expan>, modò in caſu dandi, cui. </s> <s>aliàs in ſexto. </s> <s>quo. </s> <s>red<lb></lb>dit etiam auctoreis ambiguos, quo pacto finis hic Latinè ſit exprimendus: <expan abbr="eoſq́">eoſque</expan>. </s> <s>ancipiteis facit <lb></lb>de ſua natura: nonnullis arbitrantibus hunc eſſe <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> quo, & modò facultateis ita deſcribi, nempe <lb></lb>quo adipiſcimur <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> cuius gratia, vt viſum qui eſt gratia <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan>, vt videamus, quaſi videamus <lb></lb>viſu, modo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> functiones, vt Deus eſt finis cuius gratia, illius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contemplatio, finis quo. </s> <s>Quid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2442"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ille, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> nomine Simplicij ſuper libris de anima circunferri ſcimus, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ipſius fragmenta qua<lb></lb>dam extent ſolùm, ſed potius ſit Priſcianus Lydus Platonicus non ignobilis, ſibi in huius vocis <lb></lb>explicatione velit, difficilè admodum perſpicitur. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>inquit. <foreign lang="grc">Διττῶς δὲ τὸ οὗ ἐνεκα τὸ <lb></lb>τε οὗ, καὶ τὸ ᾧ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>dupliciter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cuius gratia, & cuius, & cui inquit ipſe. </s> <s>“<foreign lang="grc">πάλλιν τούτων ὐπομιμνι<lb></lb>σκει, ἱν' ὡς αἰτὶαν τὴν ψυχὴν, ἀλλὰ μὴ ὡς τὸ ἄριστον, τῶν ἀποτελεσμάτων τιθῶμεν. καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο <lb></lb>τέλος ὡς τὸ ᾧ ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ὡς τὸ οὗ. επειδὴ οὐ τοῦ ζῆν μύνου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ τελείως ζῆν αἰτια τοῖς οζῶ<lb></lb>σιν ἡ ψυχὴ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>“Rurſus horum meminit, vt tanquam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, animum; at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tanquam <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> <expan abbr="effe-ctuũ">effe<lb></lb>ctuum</expan> ponamus.” etenim hoc finis vt <foreign lang="grc">ᾧ</foreign>, animus verò vt cuius, <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> non <expan abbr="viuẽdi">viuendi</expan> ſolum, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> perfectè viuendibus eſt animus. <foreign lang="grc">Ἀποτελεσμά</foreign> profectò videtur à parte diſtin<lb></lb>gui, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd hæc eſt coniuncta cum toto: prætereà totius <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõplet">complet</expan>, <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2443"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tigerit cum eſſe <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, ſiue vt <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> generis, ſiue vt eſſentiæ, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt quantum, apoteleſmata ve<lb></lb>rò, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cum eo coniuncta cuius ipſa ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illius <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõplent">complent</expan>; quocirca probè dicetur, <lb></lb>filius eſſe apoteleſma patris, & <expan abbr="ædificiũ">ædificium</expan> ædificatoris, & <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> generatim, quod in ſeipſo <lb></lb>cauſſas ſuæ perfectionis habet. </s> <s>Quod ſi ita eſt, <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> intelligi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> numeris <expan abbr="ab-ſolutũ">ab<lb></lb>ſolutum</expan>: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> noſtro <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iudicio, tum eſt, cùm exercet ſuas functioneis quę ſibi <expan abbr="conueniũt">conueniunt</expan> pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2444"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſua natura, <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> tum eſt, vbi perfectè viuit, vt homo cùm <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> <expan abbr="agentẽ">agentem</expan> & <expan abbr="contemplantẽ">contemplantem</expan> ducit, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>beatitudine pollet quę ſibi <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> homini per <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, & <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> deo ſimili per <expan abbr="mẽtem">mentem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si igitur accipiamus <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> in actu <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan>, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> appellamus, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> excluditur ea cauſſæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ab animo quæ eſt vt <foreign lang="grc">ᾧ</foreign>. </s> <s>& ea ſolùm recipitur, quæ eſt, vt <foreign lang="grc">τὸ οὗ</foreign>. </s> <s>Verumenimuero duo mihi ſu<lb></lb>ſpicionem faciunt in hac interpretatione, primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quod eius ratio, quo ita notatur, vt <foreign lang="grc">ὧ</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>optimè tribuitur animo, & quà de animo diſſerit, videtur philoſophus ibi referre ad tale finium <lb></lb>genus ea quæ vtuntur aliquo, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> nos <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> artium fines eſſe ſtatuit, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſimpli<lb></lb>citer cuius gratia. </s> <s>quae ſi animus vtitur corpore, quemadmodum Ariſt. </s> <s>eo loco teſtatur, cùm inquit <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora eſſe animi inſtrumenta; ergo illis vtitur animus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt actus corporis organici, <lb></lb>ille <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> finis erit in hoc genere quo de <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> agimus. </s> <s>Sed prætereà mihi cauſſa illa ſuſpecta eſt: <lb></lb>cùm aſſeritur, animum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="viuẽdi">viuendi</expan> ſolùm, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd vita perfecta fruatur <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> illud erit, quod animo vtetur, & erit <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> <expan abbr="operationũ">operationum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> ille <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> <lb></lb>propriæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, & ob id <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> imperfectior, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="exiſtimandũ">exiſtimandum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſſe propter animum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2445"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& inanimum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oīno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> primùm intendere <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & ad id, vt forma ſit, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> illi ſubſter<lb></lb>nere, <expan abbr="cõpoſitumq́">compoſitumque</expan>. </s> <s>producere. </s> <s>Accedit <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>tribuit ſubſtantiis immobilibus quæ ſunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> præſtantiſsimę, <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> cauſſæ <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>; ex quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cenſeri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> illum eſſe <expan abbr="pręſtantiſsimũ">pręſtantiſsimum</expan>: ſic <expan abbr="com-poſitũ">com<lb></lb>poſitum</expan> erit <expan abbr="præſtãtius">præſtantius</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> animus, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> multò abſurdius eſt apud eos in quibus ille ipſe auctor <lb></lb><expan abbr="numerãdus">numerandus</expan> eſt, qui <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <expan abbr="humanã">humanam</expan> à corpore <expan abbr="ſeparabilẽ">ſeparabilem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> immortalem ponunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eademq́">Eademque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <expan abbr="oīum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> oppugnare, qui <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> in eo genere cauſſæ <expan abbr="reponendũ">reponendum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="credũt">credunt</expan>, <lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illi <expan abbr="parent̃">parentur</expan>, & <expan abbr="efficiant̃">efficiantur</expan>, vt eius ſint. </s> <s>Proptereà <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exiſtimauerim ego <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> in eo loco <lb></lb>fuiſſe <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan>, licet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> ad hoc <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> cauſſæ <expan abbr="gen9">genus</expan> referri poſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ignorẽ">ignorem</expan>, ſed deteriore <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>; verùm ibi <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="sũptũ">sumptum</expan>: <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſanè, quae anteà <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> vt <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="efficiẽtemq́">efficientemque</expan>. </s> <s>oſtendiſ<lb></lb>ſet; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aggreſſus eſſet explicare, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> cauſſa foret, vt finis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> docere vellet, <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpli<lb></lb>citer eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, vt cuius gratia: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> & id <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> eſt <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> formę, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="q̨a">qua</expan> corpore vtitur, & <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> mo<lb></lb>uet, vt in ea ſolùm forma, & efficiens ſubiecto <expan abbr="cõueniant">conueniant</expan>; ſecus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in animo carentibus, quae <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, quia <lb></lb>corpore vtitur, vt organo; ſit cauſſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, vt cui (iam ſic <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> <expan abbr="cõuertere">conuertere</expan> placet) <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maxi<lb></lb>mè alia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora ſeruiunt illi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inſtituuntur ad ipſum, omnia inquam, quandoquidem & <pb pagenum="387"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2446"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>elementa <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan> ad fabricandum illi <expan abbr="organũ">organum</expan> quod eſt corpus, & reliqua ipſi ſunt vſui: quip<lb></lb>pe ad eius tutelam & <expan abbr="conſeruationẽ">conſeruationem</expan> quæ manet in eo potiſsimum, vt muneribus illis optimè fun<lb></lb>gatur quæ ſibi inſunt ſecundùm naturam, ſiue per arteis efficiendo, & tranſmutando, ſiue corpo<lb></lb>rum proprietateis ſentiendo, ſiue etiam contemplando eſſentias, & ob id potiſsimè quae imperium <lb></lb>habet in corpus: quippe quae illi ex natura partes omnes corporis <expan abbr="obediãt">obediant</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ideò finem duplicem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2447"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe dicimus, aut continuæ tranſmutationis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic eſt propriè cuius gratia, & idem videtur eſſe <lb></lb>forma, aut finis eſt vſus qui iam pertinet ad res ipſas quæ ſunt, & ad vſum proprium ſibi accom<lb></lb>modant alias, & in relatione ſpectatur quæ eſt ad eas ipſas quę ad aliarum vſum <expan abbr="accõmodantur">accommodantur</expan>: <lb></lb>vnde illę quibus aliæ ſeruiunt, <foreign lang="grc">οἷς</foreign> ideſt, quibus, hæ verò <foreign lang="grc">τούτοις</foreign>, hoc eſt, his appellantur, quia il<lb></lb>lis imperent, aut ipſis vtantur. </s> <s>Quocirca finis etiam rei genitæ ſolet appellari: ſic artes homini <lb></lb>ſeruiunt, & medicus homini reſtituit ſanitatem; ſanitas eſt finis cuius gratia: quoniam terminus <lb></lb>eſt meditationis, & equeſtri finis cui ſeruit, Imperatoria, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> immobilia ſunt cauſſæ quibus mo<lb></lb>bilia ſeruiunt, illis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> immobilia fines: ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic exprimuntur <foreign lang="grc">ἔστι γὰρ τινι τὸ οὗ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2448"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ὲνεκα,;ὧμτὸ μὲν ἐστὶ τό δ' οὔκ ἔστι</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt. </s> <s>&ldquo Eſt enim cuipiam cuius gratia, quorum hoc quidem eſt, il<lb></lb>lud verò non eſt, notante mobilia, quod illis eæ ſunt cauſſæ vt finis;” <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>vim eſſe <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> vocum <lb></lb>mihi perſuadent Ariſt. </s> <s>verba dicentis. </s> <s><expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> motus <expan abbr="cõtinuati">continuati</expan>, cuius gratia fit il<lb></lb>le motus, aliquod <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> intelligentis, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> extremum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> mors extremum quidem eſt, <lb></lb>nec tamen eſt finis: quandò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vruimus, vt moriamur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> ineptè Poëtæ, quorum ille.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2449"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2438"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2439"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2440"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>3. de An. <lb></lb>T. 27 <lb></lb><lb></lb>12. Met</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2441"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2442"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2443"></margin.target>a Ioannes <lb></lb>Gram. </s> <s>lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>13. contra <lb></lb>Proclum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2444"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2445"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2446"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2447"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>an. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2448"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2449"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Comperit inuidiam ſupremo fine domari<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>alter verò ſub Hyppolni perſona orantis, vt mors illi contingat, quę vitæ anteactę <expan abbr="cõſentanea">conſentanea</expan> ſit.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Tέλος δὲ κὰμψαιμ' ὧσπερ ἡρξάμην βιου</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Finem flectere vitæ poſſim, quemadmodum cœpi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="longęq́">longęque</expan>. </s> <s>Demoſthenes ſapientius.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">*Pέρας ἁπασιν ἀνθρώποις τοῦ βιου θάνατος</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Mors vltima linea verum eſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>valde enim diſtat <foreign lang="grc">πέρας του τέλους</foreign>. </s> <s>terminus ſcilicet à fine, ſi propriam <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> vim ſpectes, nam <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">πέρας</foreign> etiam communuis ſumitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> Deus eſt eiuſmodi finis, ſiquidem non ipſum <lb></lb>per motum veluti terminum eius intrinſecum, ſed vt terminum extrinſecum, & quieſcendo & <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtemplando">contemplando</expan> conſequamur: verùm ipſa forma finis eſt motus non interrupti, hoc eſt, antequàm <lb></lb>peruenerit ad ſuum terminum naturalem quo vniuerſam <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> conſecutus ſit, vt ſi in <lb></lb>medio ipſo efformationis embryon à motu deſiſtat, non eſt ille finis efformationis, ſed terminus <arrow.to.target n="marg2450"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſolùm: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in illum terminum naturam aciem <expan abbr="intẽdit">intendit</expan>, ſed perfectum. </s> <s>in eo manet impedita, <lb></lb>quominus vltrà progredi queat, in hoc etiam nullo <expan abbr="impediẽte">impediente</expan> permanet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hic finis ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>negatus æternis & immobilibus qui per motum <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, & eſt efficiente poſterior: ille conceſ<lb></lb>ſus, qui præcedit efficientis, & quem per energian cętera conſequuntur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò & aliter <lb></lb>dicitur finis, ſiquidem & nos ſimus fores, & inter arteis ordo <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> eſt miniſtrarum ſcilicet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>architectonicarum qui finis vltimus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt continuatæ motionis, inde monet nos Ariſt. </s> <s>aliam eſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> eius quod cuius gratia dicitur. </s> <s>nimirùm, quod vnum vtitur; altero vtitur quippiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quod vtitur eſt finis, ſed propriè notatur eo, charactere: cui, licet etiam <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> nomine <lb></lb>exprimatur cum altero, quod eſt graua cuius. </s> <s>Cùm verò duplex ſit finis, conſilium noſtrum eſt <lb></lb>de eo qui motionis eſt, hoc loco diſſerere; quandò motionis cauſſas in elementis, atque inanimis <lb></lb>indagamus. </s> <s>Idcirco altero illo dimiſſo quod ab inſtituto noſtro aliquantum <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> eſt, & aptius <lb></lb>explicandum, quà de motu cęli tractabitur, ad eius conditioneis exponendas accedamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2450"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Animaduertitur illius dicti vis: Naturam agere propter finem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2451"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2451"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SATIS hactenus explicata ſunt ea quę pertinent ad notionem finis, & primam eius informa<lb></lb>tionem. </s> <s>Nunc vt doctrinæ ratio teneatur, antequàm vis huius cauſſæ, & modus quo agit, aut <lb></lb>impellit ea quæ illi ſeruiunt, exponatur: illud conſtituere oportet. </s> <s>Agat'ne quippiam natura <lb></lb>propter finem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò quae tam controuerſum hoc nobis eſſe debeat, vt de illius veritate litige<lb></lb>mus, aut ab eius explicatione interpretes aberrauerint, de hac re <expan abbr="agẽdum">agendum</expan> eſt, ſed potius quae de con<lb></lb>ſilio philoſophi in hac ſententia explicanda mihi cum cęteris non conueniat. </s> <s>Etenim illi volunt <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> in principiis noſtræ methodi eſſe reponendum. </s> <s>Nobis admirandum videtur, quae cùm <lb></lb>principium ſit in natura, commiſerit id Ariſt. </s> <s>vt pluribus egerit de illius <expan abbr="ſentẽtiæ">ſententiæ</expan> veritate, & tam <lb></lb>anxiè probare conatus fuerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Naturã">Naturam</expan> agere propter finem. </s> <s>Quapropter in eo noſtra oratio ver<lb></lb>ſabitur, vt <expan abbr="cõſilium">conſilium</expan> potius Ariſt. </s> <s>exploremus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt quicquam ſuccurrat, quod <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> illius <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> <lb></lb>afferri valeat. </s> <s>Perſuadere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> potuit maiores noſtros, vt crederent hoc eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quae aliquan<lb></lb>do <expan abbr="teſtarũ">teſtarum</expan> reliquerit Ariſt. </s> <s>eum qui tollit, Naturam agere propter finem, naturam <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> deſtruere, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id prætereà, quae paſsim illo, vt manifeſtiſsimo vtatur. </s> <s>Nam duæ ſunt hę præcipuè cauſſæ in na <pb pagenum="388"></pb>tura, quibus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> frequentiſsimè <expan abbr="vtat̃">vtatur</expan> Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἐξ ἀνἁγκης</foreign> quę eſt materies <foreign lang="grc">τὸ οὐ ὲνεκα</foreign>, qui eſt finis, <arrow.to.target n="marg2452"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& vt illorum cauſſę quoad fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, hoc loco patrocinemur. </s> <s>ratio ſatis probabilis reddi potuit, <lb></lb>quòd longiore ſermone philoſophus tractauerit huiuſmodi effatum: tametſi contra negantes <lb></lb>principia non eſt diſputandum: proptereà quae aliqui philoſophi, vt Democritus, & Empedocles, <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> materiæ, tanquam principi cauſſæ tribuebant: nullas partes reliquis cauſsis <expan abbr="relinquebãt">relinquebant</expan>, aut <lb></lb>efficienti ſoli poſtremas, & in medio <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> afferebant, quibus <expan abbr="cõfirmarent">confirmarent</expan> propter aliud agere na<lb></lb>turam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> propter finem, ſed cùm rationibus illis huius methodi principia <expan abbr="ſupponerẽtur">ſupponerentur</expan>, <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> <lb></lb>naturalis philoſophi fuiſſe, vt eas ſolueret: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab initio phyſicæ methodi iuſſerat Ariſt. </s> <s>ea ſol<lb></lb>ui, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ex principiis demonſtrans aliquis mentitur. </s> <s>At tales ſunt rationes, quibus iſti phi<lb></lb>loſophi vtebantur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> opus fuit, vt aliquid ad illa diceretur, & indicare fallacias pſeudographo<lb></lb>rum quos ipſi ſtruxerant. </s> <s>Ecce <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rationes illorum. </s> <s>Primùm, Quicquid fit, fit ex neceſsitate mate<lb></lb>riæ; materiam verò conſequitur vſus: nulla ergo alia cauſſa ponenda, fruſtra <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> foret. </s> <s>Deinde <lb></lb>quæ agunt alicuius rei gratia, ratiocinantur. </s> <s>Natura non vtitur ratiocinio: quare nec alicuius <lb></lb>gratia quicquam facit. </s> <s>Poſtremò vbi <expan abbr="quippiā">quippiam</expan> fit alicuius gratia, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> accidit error. </s> <s>Sed natura ſępe <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmittit">committit</expan> errorem, vt dum monſtra producit. </s> <s>Non igitur alicuius rei gratia quicquam facit. </s> <s>Acci<lb></lb>piunt principia naturalia, primùm, quod eſt materia; tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Nil fieri fruſtra: ſtatuunt & finem, <lb></lb>& eius gratia aliquid agi: Sed his abutuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> accipiunt materiam eſſe cauſſam quæ certè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2453"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, verùm ſolam omnium cauſſam eſſe volunt; ea verò ſola cauſſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſed cauſſa conficiens & <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">συναίτιον</foreign>, tum quia nonnulla quę cuiuſpiam rei gratia agunt, ratiocinantur; item vniuersè acci<lb></lb>piunt Omne, quod agit cuiuſpiam rei gratia, ratiocinari. </s> <s>Inſuper <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> accidere errorem in jis quæ <lb></lb>cuiuſpiam rei gratia fiunt, quod ſalſum prorſus eſt: ſiquidem in artibus in quibus perſpicuum <lb></lb>eſt aliquid alterius gratia fieri, ſæpiſsimè committitur error. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> rationes à phyſico diſ<lb></lb>ſoluendæ fuerunt. </s> <s>Poſſet hìc aliquis interpellare nos obiiciens non modò Ariſt. </s> <s>diſſoluere ratio<lb></lb>nes Empedoclis & Democriti, ſed pluribus argumentis approbare. </s> <s>Naturam agere propter fi<lb></lb>nem, & huic obiectioni quoque reſpondere licebit accipiendo principiorum ingenium, non eſſe <lb></lb>vniuſmodi: quippe quòd aliqua ſint ita perſpicua, vt ex ſola <expan abbr="terminorū">terminorum</expan> ratione <expan abbr="cognoſcãtur">cognoſcantur</expan>, & <lb></lb>credantur; alia magis abſtruſa quibus adhibetur aliquod genus ratiocinationis, vel imperfectæ, <lb></lb>cuiuſmodi ſunt inductiones, & exempla, vel ad ſummum ſyllogiſmi dialectici. </s> <s>ex hoc genere, <lb></lb>eſſe principium noſtrum, & planè exemplo artis naturæ proceſſum confirmat Ariſt. </s> <s>& inductio<lb></lb>ne accepta ab animalibus & plantis. </s> <s>Ac nihil prohibere principia quandoq probari à poſterio<lb></lb>ri & à ſigno. </s> <s>Quapropter optimè defendi poteſt, hoc eſſe principium in methodo naturali. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2454"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Verùm fac verè pronunciata illa fuiſſe rationeis, Empedoclis & Democriti, quòd vtuntur princi<lb></lb>piis naturalibus, à phyſico fuiſſe diſſoluendas. </s> <s>Demus etiam principia quædam non eſſe ſic eui<lb></lb>dentia, vt ſine aliqua admonitione ſumi poſsint. </s> <s>At cùm rationes <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubiecerit Ariſt. </s> <s>quibus <lb></lb>eam ſententiam approbet, non poſſum planè in illorum ſententiam cedere; ſiquidem vbi diſpu<lb></lb>tatio de principiis exorta ſit, ea prorſus aut eſt alterius ſcientiæ ſubalternans eſt, aut <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, ſiue dialectica ſit, ſeu prima philoſophia. </s> <s>Sed ſubalternans aut non eſt, aut ſi eſt, ea <lb></lb>eſt prima philoſophia. </s> <s>Quamobrem reſtat, vt hæ rationes aut dialecticę ſint, aut pertineant ad <lb></lb>primum philoſophum. </s> <s>At verò nihil ex his eſt; quippe quae <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> communia & probabilia ſuman<lb></lb>tur, ex quibus dialectica ratio conſtruatur, nec excedant limitibus philoſophiæ naturalis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>inter cętera hæc ita concluduntur. </s> <s>Primùm omnia ſunt in natura vel caſu, vel propter aliquid. <lb></lb></s> <s>At non ſunt hæc caſu. </s> <s>& propter aliquid igitur. </s> <s>Nam quæ caſu ſunt, rarò fiunt, in natura ſem<lb></lb>per, aut plurimum fit id quod fit. </s> <s>Secundò. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vnumquodq.">Vnumquodque</expan> quemadmodum efficitur, ſic aptum <lb></lb>natum eſt, & contrà ſicut aptum natum eſt, ita efficitur; ſed efficitur propter aliquid, igitur al<lb></lb>terius gratia quoque fiat oportet. </s> <s>Tertiò. </s> <s>In his quæ natura fiunt, eſt terminus quidam motus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2455"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ordinantur ea quæ præceſſerunt, ſed ille terminus eſt finis, & quæ præcedunt igitur ſunt <lb></lb>propter finem. </s> <s>In quibus omnibus, vt optimè vides, accipiuntur principia naturalia. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb>obrem ex propriis non ex communibus <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus ex probabilibus hoc theorema conclu<lb></lb>ditur. </s> <s>Nam ſigillatim omnia percurramus. </s> <s>Vbi accipitur. </s> <s>Omnia in natura ſic eſſe. </s> <s>vt caſu fiant, <lb></lb>aut propter aliquid. </s> <s>Accipio verò, ne lis exiſtat ex verbis, propter aliquid, vel propter aliud <lb></lb>à ſeipſo diuerſum, vel propter id quod idem cum ſeipſo ſit, cuiuſmodi finis ipſe eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim <lb></lb>eſt alterius gratia. </s> <s>Aſſumitur natura, non ens generatim, aut aliquod aliud genus entis extra <lb></lb>naturam: probantur aſſumpta, vel ex conſtitutis & principiis, vt ſunt definitiones, vel ex iis quę <lb></lb>manifeſtè inſunt, & à quoque facillimè dantur. </s> <s>vtputa ex definitione caſus, & ex attributo na<lb></lb>turæ quam vnuſquiſque accipit ex iis eſſe, quæ ſemper, aut plurimum operantur eodem modo, <lb></lb>quæ nos in principiis ſcientiæ noſtræ ex communi ſenſu collocauimus. </s> <s>Rurſus cùm accipitur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Verumquodq.">Verumquodque</expan> ſic natum aptum eſſe, vt efficitur, & contra ſic effici, vt eſt natum aptum. </s> <s>hæc po<lb></lb>ſita ſunt in ordine <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> & <expan abbr="cõnexione">connexione</expan> quę <expan abbr="manẽt">manent</expan> in eo, vt hoc ex hoc efficiatur, & illud antecedat <lb></lb>ex quo poſterius efficitur: ordo verò eſt <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> naturę, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vt noſtrę <expan abbr="ſcĩæ">ſcientiæ</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſtatuitur. <pb pagenum="389"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2456"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Poſtrema ratio ex finis definitione deducitur. </s> <s>Nam finis ita explicatus eſt. </s> <s>terminus continuæ <lb></lb>& non interruptæ mutationis. </s> <s>Ergo cùm hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> pendeant ex principiis huius ſcientiæ propriis, <lb></lb>& ex iis quæ ſunt nota nobis, & natura ſimul; cur non aſſeuerabimus id eſſe non axioma, vt alij <lb></lb>cenſent, ſed theorema? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> nobis obſtabit, quae inductione, & exemplo <expan abbr="cõfirmatum">confirmatum</expan> fuerit. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſępe euenit, vt rationibus <expan abbr="demõſtatiuis">demonſtatiuis</expan> ſuccurrant <expan abbr="argumẽtationes">argumentationes</expan> dialecticę, & arma rethorica <lb></lb>propter captum auditorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tale eſt, vt ex hoc natura tollatur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tollitur primò: at, <lb></lb>inquies, tollitur ſublatis eius principiis. </s> <s>dico ſiquidem <expan abbr="oīa">omnia</expan> tollantur: etenim & ij qui ſola mate<lb></lb>ria vtebantur, adhuc <expan abbr="tuebãtur">tuebantur</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Eſt igitur theorema: arbitror autem hoc eſſe ſecundùm <lb></lb>ex eo genere, quod Mathematici <foreign lang="grc">στοιχεῖον</foreign> vocant inſtar elementi, ex quo multa alia theoremata <lb></lb>deducantur, cuiuſmodi illa ſunt quę ab Euclide traduntur: quapropter inſcribitur eius <expan abbr="volumẽ">volumen</expan> <lb></lb>de <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>. </s> <s>Hoc ergo ſit iudicium <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> de illa ſententia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Naturã">Naturam</expan> nimirùm agere propter finem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2452"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2453"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2454"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2455"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2456"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnullę finis proprietates recenſentur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MAGNA quædam res eſt, & admirabilis ipſius finis efficacitas, qui cùm ſit omnium motio<lb></lb>num extremum, nihilominus primum ſit principium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò cauſſa <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> quæ fiunt, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> cauſſa cauſſarum: quare item ob difformem <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> naturam non pauca de ſe ipſo ſpectanda <lb></lb>præbet naturę interpretibus & qua finis, & quà principium, & quorum, & in quibus, & qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò cùm in ipſo fine duo <expan abbr="cõſiderari">conſiderari</expan> poſsint, vt motionis terminus, quo cum materia perducta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2457"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerit, nulla motio propagatur vlterius, & vt <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> fiat motus, efficiens ad ſeipſo potiendum ex<lb></lb>citat, tum verè rationem obtinet cauſſæ potiſsimæ, <expan abbr="priuſq̃">priuſquam</expan> motus <expan abbr="cõpleatur">compleatur</expan>; nam ſic à nulla cauſ<lb></lb>ſa pendet; ſed omnes aliæ ab illa. </s> <s>quapropter etiam <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> per illam demonſtrari poſſunt, licet pro<lb></lb>ximè <expan abbr="demõſtretur">demonſtretur</expan> efficiens. </s> <s>efficit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc, vt potiatur eo fine, velut ambulat, vt bene valeat (liceat <lb></lb>enim in explicatione rerum <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> exemplis à voluntate noſtra peritis, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="euidẽtioribus">euidentioribus</expan> vti) <lb></lb>nondum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> bona valetudo parta eſt, & ob id ambulat, vt eam conſequatur; nec niſi eam ſe conſe<lb></lb>cuturum ſperaret, vel quia pertimeſceret obicem, vel etiam quae motiones infinitæ requirerentur <lb></lb>per quas ad eam perueniret, quicquam vnquam inchoaret, & forma etiam, vbi ipſa cùm fine <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>congruat, pendet ex fine, quae tale hoc eſſe oporteat, vt talem finem conſequatur, ſed vbi cum fine <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>; ita pendet ex fine, quae ex hoc ipſo exiſtit, quia fuerit anteà finis, ac niſi finis fuiſſet; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>item exiſtere potuiſſet, ac materia, vt illum finem obtinens perficiatur. </s> <s>Sic pendent omnes ab illo <lb></lb>genere cauſſæ niſi fortè priuatio excipiatur quę non videtur propter aliquem <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> inſtituta fuiſſe <lb></lb>à natura; quapropter neque ad illam eſſe propenſionem; licet Plato etiam mala in natura finis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2458"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cuiuſpiam rationem habere voluerit. </s> <s>Sed ſi malum rationem obtinet eius quod non eſt, non vi<lb></lb>detur profectò locum finis habere poſſe. </s> <s>Non eſſe verò ex entium ordine ſignificant nobis illa <lb></lb>quæ docuit XII. primæ philoſophiæ præceptor, cùm bonum <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod eſt, eſſe monſtrauit, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe, vel per aliud bonum. </s> <s>Veruntamen etſi ſcio priuationem à nonnullis <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> rerum ordine ex<lb></lb>cludi, non eſt id abſolutè verum: quoniam è priuationibus & malis quædam à natura ordinan<lb></lb>tur, quædam verò minimè, ſed <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſunt præter naturam, vt monſtra: proptereà finem nullum <lb></lb>in his inueniri fatear ego libentiſsimè, in illis aliquantò ſim liberalior. </s> <s>etenim aut ad illam <expan abbr="pro-penſionẽ">pro<lb></lb>penſionem</expan> eſſe negabo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ad finem, ſed quae neceſsitatem materiæ <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan>, aut dicam reſpice<lb></lb>re ſanè finem non primo & per ſe, verùm quatenus principio famulatur, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> priuatio cauſſa ap<lb></lb>petitus in materia, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>generationis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> malum prorſus. </s> <s>Sed vt verbis Ariſt. </s> <s>vtar. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">πολλάκις ἄν φαντασθείν τῷ πρὸς τό κακοποιον αὐτῆς ἐνατενιζοντι τὴν διάνοιαν οὐκ εἶναι τὸ <lb></lb>παράπαν</foreign>. </s> <s>Sæpe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appareat, inquit (nam <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan> Græci frequentiſsimè pro eo ſumunt quod <lb></lb>eſt <foreign lang="grc">φαίνεσ<gap></gap>αι</foreign>, vt illud ex Heliodoro de iaculis ab AEthyopibus ex turribus <expan abbr="elephãtorum">elephantorum</expan> factis <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ὣστε εἰς νέφους φαντασίαν τὴν πυκνότητα περαστῆναι τοῖς Πέρσαις</foreign>, & apud Medicos <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">μέγα κα<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2459"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2460"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>τὰ φαντασίαν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>magnus ſecundùm <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan> morbus qualis eſt in partibus carnoſis opponitur <lb></lb>ei, qui eſt magnus <foreign lang="grc">χατὰ ἀποτέλεσμη</foreign>. 1. magnitudine <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> paruus, ſed reipſa magnus, vt in par<lb></lb>tibus neruoſis. </s> <s>Sępe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appareat <expan abbr="acrẽ">acrem</expan> animi <expan abbr="intẽdenti">intendenti</expan> in eius vim <expan abbr="maleficã">maleficam</expan>, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> prorſus eſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm planè illud eſt, per quod expetit materia <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> illud <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan>, & expetendum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc <lb></lb>de naturæ ordine. </s> <s>Nam quod ad <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> pertinet. </s> <s>Ille qui terminus eſt motionis, & ſi cauſſa eſt, <lb></lb>vt forma: motio <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> per ſe terminatur aliqua forma: attamen ab alio pendet: ab efficiente <lb></lb>nimirùm à quo <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> materiæ, & à materia cuius poteſtatem ipſa conſequitur. </s> <s>erumpit <lb></lb>enim è certa materia quælibet forma, ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> viciſsim per has ipſas cauſſas demonſtratur; be<lb></lb>ne valet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quoniam ambulauit, & quoniam humores illi ſic <expan abbr="tẽperati">temperati</expan> fuerunt; bene valet: facta <lb></lb>breui quadam tranſumptione terminorum, è quibus <expan abbr="demõſtrario">demonſtrario</expan> <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>, ſiue ſyllogiſmus, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb>logicum appellat Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ipſius quid eſt. </s> <s>Attamen, etſi vario modo ſunt cauſſæ finis, & for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2461"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma: nihiloſecius appellationem obtinuere communem boni & appetendi: non ob aliud certè <lb></lb>quàm quòd reipſa idem eſſe hæc <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> & formam & finem, nam quod erat finis ante<lb></lb>quam res abſoluta fuiſſet, futurum fuerat forma, & poſteà fuit rei illius forma cuius ipſa eſt <pb pagenum="390"></pb>actus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectio: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam appetebatur ab efficiente, vt bonitatem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> materię com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2462"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>municaret, à materia verò vt eius acceſsione bona <expan abbr="perfectaq́">perfectaque</expan>. </s> <s>redderetur, hoc verò eſt eſſe actu. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnde & diuinum, & bonum, & optabile prædicatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuinum quidem à Platone & Ariſto<lb></lb>tele dicta eſt. </s> <s>quoniam Deum appellauit Antiquitas eam cauſſam quæ omnium prima, & ſupre<lb></lb>ma foret, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> antequàm cognita fuiſſet incorporea ſubſtantia cęlum ipſum Deus habebatur, de<lb></lb>mum ſubſtantia ſeparata & immobilis, & actus quidam ſimpliciſsimus, à quo vniuerſa pendent <lb></lb>ordine quodam, proximè quidem actus & formæ <expan abbr="lõgius">longius</expan> materia, longiſsimè verò priuatio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>adeò vt per actum <expan abbr="vtręq.">vtręque</expan> eſſe videantur: materia ſanè, quia per innatam poteſtatem ad illum re<lb></lb>feratur, & priuatio item, quoniam eſt eius abſentia, vel, vt placet Alexandro, quia non eſt ſimpli<lb></lb>citer nihil, ſed affecta eſt aliquo modo ad futuram formam, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> affirmatione ſignificatur, & in <lb></lb>contrariis reponitur: quo fit vt cùm deus ſit primus actus, & ab illo cęteri proximè proficiſcan<lb></lb>tur, diuinum, vt à Deo deflexum nuncupetur. </s> <s>Bonum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dicta eſt forma, & à Gręcis <foreign lang="grc">ἀγαθὸν</foreign>, <lb></lb>quoniam duo ſunt nomina apud <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>, quibus rerum præſtantia ſignificatur <foreign lang="grc">τὸ καλὸν</foreign>, quod <lb></lb>Latinè honeſtum, ſiue pulchrum dixeris, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἀγαθὸν</foreign>, quod bonum. </s> <s>Ea verò differentia eſt <lb></lb>inter hęc duo, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd honeſtum directò ſpectat ad immobilia: bonum in actione propriè po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2463"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſitum eſt, & per motum comparatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>bono præſtat honeſtum: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem honore di<lb></lb>gnum eſt; cùm reliqua bona <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> laudabilia ſint. </s> <s>maius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quid eſt honor, quàm laus. </s> <s>Non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2464"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>me latet, Ariſtot. 1. Rhet. ſic 3. Eth. ampliore quodam ſignificato pulchrum ſumere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à lauda<lb></lb>bili ſegregare, ſed ille locus non magnam <expan abbr="diligentiã">diligentiam</expan> requirit: ſic verò vt dictum eſt, propriè à phi<lb></lb>loſophis vſurpatur. </s> <s>Proptereà non dicitur de Deo bonum, ne minuatur eius maieſtas, ſed ho<lb></lb>neſtum: formæ verò, quia per <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan> comparantur, boni nomine ſignificabuntur. </s> <s>Hoc <lb></lb>verò quoniam bifariam eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel ſimpliciter id quod in quoque genere <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> <expan abbr="ſummumq́">ſummumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2465"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt; id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vnum eſt, vel huic bonum, non <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> quidem finis eſt optimus; aliter vnus eſſet <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>finis, ſed id bonum intelligitur quod <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> rei melius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eſt, quod cum <expan abbr="vniuſcuiuſq.">vniuſcuiuſque</expan> natura <lb></lb>congruit. </s> <s>Habent verò tum honeſtum, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> bonum eam vim, vt appetantur propter perfectio<lb></lb>nem quam afferunt ſecum: cuius <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> res ſuapte natura deſiderio tenetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita illi natiuum <lb></lb>& infixum eſt, vt cauſſa reddi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit eius quæſtionis; cur <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> tendat in ſuam perfe<lb></lb>ctionem. </s> <s>Ideò ſe conſequuntur <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc diuinum, bonum, & optabile, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò vt non modò <lb></lb>id quod verè <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> eſt, appetatur à nobis; verùm etiam id quod eius imaginem <expan abbr="ſpeciemq́">ſpeciemque</expan>. </s> <s>pręſe<lb></lb>fert, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille ſit appetitus, vel <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> particeps qui eſt in homine ſolùm, vel brutus qui eſt in <lb></lb>reliquis animalibus, vel etiam naturalis, qui vniuerſa corpora <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> poteſt: quanquam huic <lb></lb>non opponitur, niſi id quod verè bonum eſt, arbitror etiam ipſum per <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> deo vno excepto gene<lb></lb>ratim fundi poſſe, atque id natura, ſi modò <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> diſtinguamus ab eo voluntario quod <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2466"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>partem reſpicit contradictionis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in aliis ſubſtantiis ſeparatis appetitus mente conſiſtit, vn<lb></lb>de etiam per analogiam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> voluntarius dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contradicentia reſpicit, Deus au<lb></lb>tem, vt opinor, Ariſt. </s> <s>ſententia ſolùm optabilis eſt. </s> <s>Huius ſanè apud nos duo videntur ſubiecta; <lb></lb>materia nimirùm, & efficiens. </s> <s>ſed efficiens quidem multò prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> materia. </s> <s>ſiquidem ab efficien<lb></lb>tis appetitu materia tranſmutetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> afficiatur ad excipiendam formam. </s> <s>Quamobrem & du<lb></lb>plex genus appetitus naturalis afferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, actuoſum alterum, quia ſit in efficiente, ad communi<lb></lb>candam illam formam quam habet, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in prodigo ad pecunias erogandas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> patibile <lb></lb>alterum, quod eſt in materia. </s> <s>Ne credideris <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> me aliud ſtatuere cum Ariſt. </s> <s>appetitum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pati<lb></lb>bilem facultatem. </s> <s>noui <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> optimè functionem illius in eo permanere, vt ab obiecto, vel bono, vel <lb></lb>apparente moueatur, ſed ita nuncupaui, quoniam excitat ad agendum illud in quo eſt, vt contrà <lb></lb>in materia excitat ipſam ad id, vt moueatur, ideò patibilis eſt in materia ſimpliciter. </s> <s>ſed hęc po<lb></lb>ſteà. </s> <s>Neque item abſurdum exiſtimauerim, ſi in homine <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> appetitus habeatur facultas natu<lb></lb>ralis. </s> <s>ita vt ſimul & <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> particeps ſit, & naturalis <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diuerſa; naturalis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, quia facultas à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2467"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natura data, dirigens ad bonum illi <expan abbr="cõueniens">conueniens</expan> in quo eſt, & talis item eſt inanimis noſtris inſitus <lb></lb>ad cognitionem, <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> particeps, quia cum cognitione <expan abbr="conſilioq́">conſilioque</expan>. </s> <s>exercetur. </s> <s>A natura etiam <lb></lb>boni ratio facilè ducatur, cur degeneret forma ipſa in finem & efficiens, cùm enim appetenda ſit <lb></lb>ei cui non adeſt, ipſius finis eſt: dum pręſtò eſt materiæ forma eſt, dum ſeipſam alteri <expan abbr="cõmunicat">communicat</expan> <lb></lb>id quod boni ipſi innatum <expan abbr="penituſq́">penituſque</expan>. </s> <s>inſitum eſt, <expan abbr="trãſit">tranſit</expan> in efficiens. </s> <s>Porrò gradus quibus ſeipſam <lb></lb>communicat, multi ſunt, & per eſſentiam, velut eæ quæ in mentem cadunt, vel per contactum, <lb></lb>&, vt dicitur, materialiter quod item duplex eſt, vel, vt ſit totius, ſicut animantium cadueorum <lb></lb>animus, vel etiam, vt <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> parti partibiliter communicetur, vt calor: vel etiam per medium, cui <lb></lb>quoque communicatur, vel ſine materia, ſicuti formæ ſenſilium, vel materialiter quidem, ſed <lb></lb>ambiguè, vt torpor à torpedine productus per frigus reti incuſſum, vel vniuocè vt calor & fri<lb></lb>gus, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> medium hîc afficiatur oportet eadem ſpecie qualitatis. </s> <s>Verùm iis omiſsis quæ com<lb></lb>municantur per eſſentiam de reliquis (ſunt autem formæ naturales) agamus nunc, & ea quæ <lb></lb>ſunt inſtituti noſtri, perſequamur. </s> <s><pb pagenum="391"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2468"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2457"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2458"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2459"></margin.target>a Gal. in <lb></lb>def. </s> <s>med.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2460"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2461"></margin.target>b 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2462"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2463"></margin.target>a 10 Met. <lb></lb>1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2464"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2465"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 7<gap></gap>. 84.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2466"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2467"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2468"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę'nam ſit prima cauſſa naturalis appetitus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANQVAM de hoc ipſo appetitu reuocari ſolent in <expan abbr="cõtrouerſiam">controuerſiam</expan>, primùm an ipſe ſit: <lb></lb>deinde quid ſit: tertiò vnde oriatur, idcirco ad <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> noſtrum <expan abbr="cõferet">conferet</expan>, ſi de his <lb></lb><expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> aliqua dicamus. </s> <s>Cùm igitur appetitus ſit manifeſtè duplex, <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> capax, & brutus qui ſunt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>aliqua cognitione, ſuſpicio <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> inuaſit, quia <expan abbr="cernerẽt">cernerent</expan> eos de quibus dictum eſt, eſſe cognitio<lb></lb>ne præditos: hoc ita proprium eſſe facultatis huiuſce, vt nulla ſine cognitione poſſet eſſe. </s> <s>Ideò <lb></lb>quia ſola animalia cognoſcerent, à reliquis <expan abbr="appetẽdi">appetendi</expan> vim ſubſtulerunt, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>motus initia, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>extrinſecùs accerſiuere. </s> <s>Nobis autem, ſiue hic in rebus inanimis appetitus metaphoricè nuncu<lb></lb>patur, ſiue etiam analogicè ſtimulus quidam, & impulſus, ſeu nixus ad aliquid obtinendum, nil <lb></lb>curæ nunc eſt, ſed interim ſufficit, Ariſt. </s> <s>poſuiſſe <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> in rebus naturalibus cum agendi quip<lb></lb>piam, tum etiam patiendi, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in natura hoc quidem appetere idoneum eſt, hoc verò eſt mate<lb></lb>ria: illud appeti. </s> <s>hoc autem eſt forma. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> cupit eſſe. </s> <s>idcirco ea quorum <expan abbr="in-diuiduũ">in<lb></lb>diuiduum</expan> conſeruari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, niſi ſponte producta fuerint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mutilata & perfecta, in ſpecie con<lb></lb>ſeruantur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> tam altas egit radiceis hæc cupiditas, vt quanuis homo, qui liber eſt, in <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan> <lb></lb>adnitatur, plus tamen valeat naturæ neceſsitas, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> humana voluntas. </s> <s>quippe quae ille ſingularium ſit <lb></lb>affectus quæ non ſunt neceſſaria, hæc ſit ſpeciei proprietas, cui neceſsitas adnexa eſt in natura. <lb></lb></s> <s>Equidem hîc me continere non poſſum, quin Politiani carmen adſcribam, quae rem hanc elegantiſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2469"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimè complectitur, necnon, vt vnà grati animi officio fungar. </s> <s>erga Ioannem Baptiſtam Mutium, <lb></lb>qui mihi locum indicarit, & <expan abbr="doctiſsimorũ">doctiſsimorum</expan> hominum quos patria noſtra, <expan abbr="Mediceaq́">Mediceaque</expan>. </s> <s>gens alue<lb></lb>runt, ſiquid noſtra ſcripta valitura ſunt, <expan abbr="immortalẽ">immortalem</expan> memoriam reddam. </s> <s>Et quauis à patria mu<lb></lb>ſa dictata fuerint non verebor in reſeuera delicatum aliquid inferre, nihil aſpernans, modò ſa<lb></lb>piat philoſophiam. </s> <s>Carmen hoc eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2469"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>L'eſſer' mortale e'l noſtro viuer' corto</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>D'amor' come principio in noi germoglia<emph type="italics"></emph>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>Terch il ſoggetto à' noſtri danm accorto</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Noua forma veſtirſi amor' l inuoglia.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>La onde ſpeſſo auten' ch' à ſi gran torto”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>D'vna rara belt à ſi priua e ſpoglia;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Che ſe non fuſſe tal amor' inſano<emph type="italics"></emph>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>Le vite non haurebbe il tempo in mano<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2470"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2470"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Fateor verò magnam intercedere differentiam inter hoc appetitus. </s> <s>nam præter id quòd hic ipſe <lb></lb>cognitione caret, eſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rerum quæ fieri poſſunt, & exiſtentium, ac ſine vllo prorſus errore, cum <lb></lb>ab eo fine qui optimus eſt, dirigatur, & in quem nulla vnquam mutatio, nulluſúe error cadere <lb></lb>poſsit. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam in ſcopum certum frequentiſsimè collineat: animalis contrà eorum eſ<lb></lb>ſe poſsit quæ fieri nequeunt. </s> <s>Vnde illud Platoni in optatis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">-εἴτε γονόιμην Oὐρανὸς οὑς πολλοῖς ὄμμασιν εἰς σὲ βλέπω</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>quod Barbaricum eſſe teſtatus eſt aliquando Philoſophus ſit etiam apparentium, & quandoque <lb></lb>poſsit errare, cùm excitetur ab imaginibus rerum in quibus interdum eſt <expan abbr="incõſtantia">inconſtantia</expan> & falſitas. <lb></lb></s> <s>ideò ſequitur, vt ſit indefinitus. </s> <s>Verùm enimuero, vt ad eius eſſentiam deſcendamus aliqua oc<lb></lb>cupabimus, quorum auxilio principia conſtituentia venemur. </s> <s>Hoc verò accipimus in primis eſ<lb></lb>ſe principium proximum motus, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> appetens ad bonum & optabile conſequendum moueatur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſic ineſt in appetente, cuicuimodi illud ſit, vt afferat habitudinem ad id quod <expan abbr="appetendũ">appetendum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Portò appetendum vim habet <expan abbr="mouẽdi">mouendi</expan>, dictum eſt autem illud eſſe <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> qui ſuapte natura bonus <arrow.to.target n="marg2471"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, & dum mouet, per ſe manet immobilis. </s> <s>Appetens ab eo neceſſariò mouetur: eſt <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> duplex, <lb></lb>aut id quod motum mouet, & eſt efficiens, aut id quod ſolùm mouetur, & eſt materia. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> immeritò vocatus eſt aliquando naturalis appetitus <foreign lang="grc">κατοχὴ τ' οὒ πρειττονος</foreign> .i. </s> <s>occupatio ſeu re<lb></lb>ctius dixeris expectatio melioris, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> &, ſi dicere liceat <expan abbr="aliquãto">aliquanto</expan> ſignificantius, in hiatio ad id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2472"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>melius eſt. </s> <s>hoc, etſi per eſſentiam rebus ineſt, nulla <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa externa reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cur hoc appetatur, <lb></lb>appetat illud: etenim <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> naturę adhæret appeti, vel appetere: nihilominus, quantum eſt de <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali appetitus & cauſsis eius quibus ad actum deducitur, & excitat ad motum id cui in<lb></lb>eſt, ea dici poſſe videntur, vt ſit è genere facultatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> propenſio, & illa quidem naturalis, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ex ratione naſcens, vt in nobis, neque ex iudicio ſenſus, vt in brutis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> re, eſt verò ad bo<lb></lb>num quod ſuapte natura expetendum eſt: igitur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> contendit in malum, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> primò, ſed pro<lb></lb>pter bonum. </s> <s>Nam quae malum appetatur, abhorret à rerum natura, ſolùm pertinet ad nos, qui ex <lb></lb>mala <expan abbr="cõſuetudine">conſuetudine</expan> malum <expan abbr="cõtrahimus">contrahimus</expan> habitum; ex malo habitu, bonum eſſe iudicamus id quod <lb></lb>eſt malum. </s> <s>At verò facultas naturalis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt obnoxia <expan abbr="cõſuetudini">conſuetudini</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quantumuis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſaxum proii<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2473"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cias ſurſum, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> aſſueſcet ita moueri, ſed aſsiduè cupiet aſſequi locum qui ſibi ſecundùm natu <pb pagenum="392"></pb>ram debeatur, & ita naturalis eſt his appetitus, vt ad ea ſit in quæ ſuopte impulſu niteretur, ſi re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2474"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>liqua præſtò eſſent quæ pro fine <expan abbr="cõſequendo">conſequendo</expan> requiruntur, & nihil <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> obſtaret. </s> <s>Ergo in ligno <lb></lb>non eſt appetitus ad lecti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſed ſi poteſtatem germinandi effoſſum contraheret; ex eo <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan>, <lb></lb>non lectus exiſteret. </s> <s>Bonum verò & <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> eſt, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primum & bonum certum quod <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> <lb></lb>bonum eſt ſeorſum. </s> <s>Quanquam illud omnium <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> cunctis ſeſe obiicit expetendum: tamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſeſe <expan abbr="potiendũ">potiendum</expan> pari modo rebus vniuerſis exhibet, ſed <expan abbr="quodq́">quodque</expan>. </s> <s>illò propendet, vnde perfectio<lb></lb>nem ſuæ ipſius naturæ <expan abbr="conuenientẽ">conuenientem</expan>, & propriam <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan>, per quod etiam fruitur bono illo <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primo. </s> <s>Quapropter appetitus eſt propenſio naturalis ad bonum ſibi ipſi con<lb></lb>uentens ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Cęterùm in notione propenſionis apparet è veſtigio priuatio, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>propendet ad id quod non adeſt, nam ſi adeſſet, non propenderet amplius, ſed frueretur. </s> <s>ſiqui<lb></lb>dem illò propendeat, vt tandem frui poſsit. </s> <s>Ex quibus liquidò apparet hæc tria <expan abbr="cõcurrere">concurrere</expan> ad <expan abbr="cõ-ſtituendam">con<lb></lb>ſtituendam</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> formalem appetitus naturalis, carentiam boni quod eſt perfectio propria or<lb></lb>dinem ad eiuſmodi <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, & facultatem ipſum adipiſcendi, quod ſanè, cùm iam adeſt, <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> appeti<lb></lb>tus ratio ceſſat. </s> <s>Addidit huic definitioni Marſilius ſapientiſsimus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neceſsitatem inclinationis. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2475"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nam reliqua à ſuperioribus non diſsimilia ſunt; illa nimirùm. </s> <s>Naturæ inclinatio ab indigentia <lb></lb>certa, adnitens ad plenitudinem quæ neceſsitas, ſi ordinem ad bonum illud reſpiciat, accipienda <lb></lb>eſt, ſin adeptionem, repudiabitur. </s> <s>poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu excludi poteſtas ab impedimento, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>rerum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2476"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natura non eſt in neceſsitate poſita, ſed in eo, quae plurimum ita ſuccedat. </s> <s>Ergo appetitus definitio <lb></lb>talis afferri poterit, inclinatio neceſſaria ex natura <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei ad bonum ſibi <expan abbr="cõueniens">conueniens</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb>naturam. </s> <s>Veruntamen, etſi hæc verè <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> ſunt, adhuc <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> inquirendum ſeſe offert, quæ'nam <lb></lb>fit prima <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> appetendi à qua excitatur ipſa natura, & modus quo appetens ab appetendo moue<lb></lb>tur ad ipſum adipiſcendum. </s> <s>Nam quae de primo quæramus, inde naſcitur occaſio. </s> <s>Quandoqui<lb></lb>dem in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> illo in quo ineſt naturalis appetitus. </s> <s>hęc tria quodam ordine <expan abbr="cõperimus">comperimus</expan> ineſſe, id quod <lb></lb>ſubiecti rationem obtinet, de quo probe prædicatur appetere, forma quædam de qua dicitur ap<lb></lb>peti, & carentia eiuſdem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & materia cupit formam hominis, & dum manet ſub ſemi<lb></lb>nis forma vrgetur ab illo appetitu. </s> <s>ac ſaxum cupit eſſe in loco inferiore, <expan abbr="dumq́">dumque</expan>. </s> <s>in ſuperiore de<lb></lb>tinetur, ſemper locum ſibi naturalem exoptat. </s> <s>Sed vnde'nam appetendi ratio proximè profici<lb></lb>ſcatur, incertum eſt. </s> <s>Neque enim materia videtur. </s> <s>eſſe huiuſmodi quippiam, eo quae ipſa formam <lb></lb>appeteret, aut, quia nuda ſit <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma, aut tędio præſentis affecta, aut etiam quae plures obtinere ve<lb></lb>lit, aut demum quia principium in ſeſe <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan> à quo ſtimuletur aſsiduè ad alias formas ſibi <expan abbr="cõ-parandas">con<lb></lb>parandas</expan>; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpoliata eſt <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> oppoſitio, ſit in formis, alteram ex ipſis in mate<lb></lb>ria viciſsim ſubſiſtere neceſſe eſt, neque <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> illius affici tędio quam poſsidet, quae appetitus hic inde<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2477"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finitus eſſe videtur, & vniuerſas formas æquè ſpectare, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item plureis appetere vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>tempore, cùm ſimul <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> nequeant: aliter id appeteretur ſecundùm naturam quod fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nec quicquam intra ſe habet à ſeipſa diuerſum à quo pungatur; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quædam natura ſim<lb></lb>plex in qua eſſe & eſſentia ſunt vnum & idem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>exiſtimauit Auicenna, appetitum à qua<lb></lb>dam forma communi permanare ad materiam quæ ipſi perpetuò maneret affixa, appellabat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>eam formam corporeitatis. </s> <s>Verùm quia nos opportunius alibi diſſeremus, ac plures Auerroëm <lb></lb>imitati iam illam è ſua philoſophia pepulerunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nobis admodum placet comes illa materię <lb></lb>perpetua: talem formam hîc repudiamus. </s> <s>Non licet item dicere appetitum hunc à pręſente for<lb></lb>ma exoriri, ne fortè aliquid interitum ſuum quæritet: etenim ſuccedente noua forma, hanc <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <lb></lb>quæ præcedebat, de ſubiecto migrare oportet. </s> <s>Prætereà forma conuenit eſſe appetendum, cùm <lb></lb>ſit diuinum & bonum, nec appeti ſimul & appetere poſsit; ne ſit vnà perfectum & imperfectum, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetit, quatenus huiuſmodi, imperfectum eſt, quod verò appetitur, affert perfectionem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atqui <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à priuatione pullulat appetendi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>. </s> <s>Nam ſiue per ſe priuatio ſpectetur, ſiue cum ma<lb></lb>teria; nullo modo id fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> enim ſui ipſius interitum per ſe exoptaret. </s> <s>Reſtat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2478"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur, vt materia per priuationem appetat. </s> <s>Cęterùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id tolerare cenſueris verba Ariſt. </s> <s>in<lb></lb>quientis id quod appetit, appetere ſecundùm ſui naturam: priuatio verò non ſit natura materię. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque id poſſe fieri videtur, quandò propter quod <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> tale eſt, & illud magis eſſe opor<lb></lb>teat. </s> <s>Magis ergo priuatio cuperet. </s> <s>Sic oppoſitum alterum exoptaret, & in internecionem ſui <expan abbr="cõ-tenderet">con<lb></lb>tenderet</expan>. </s> <s>Mihi ſanè videtur inopia & indigentia quæ ineſt in eo quod perfici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, eſſe cauſſa ap<lb></lb>petitus in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> re, quam item geminam apud philoſophos obſeruo, alteram quam <foreign lang="grc">ὑφεσιν τῆς <lb></lb>φν́σεως</foreign> .i. </s> <s>humilitatem naturæ vocant, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram <foreign lang="grc">παραροπὴν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>naturę deturbationem. </s> <s>prima <lb></lb>quidem non eſt obnoxia permutationi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> videtur eſſe præter naturam, & malum ſimpliciter: <lb></lb>altera mutationi ſubiicitur, & malum reputatur. </s> <s>Hanc, mox ſpeculemur. </s> <s>Ipſam item geminam <lb></lb>eſſe apparet in materia; vnam quidem propriam ſuæ naturæ quam vniuerſalem appellare ſolent; <lb></lb>ea verò ſequitur vniuerſalem illam <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> quæ <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan> materiam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſa ſuapte natura <lb></lb>eſt quid informe; non ſanè, quia <expan abbr="cõſubſtantialem">conſubſtantialem</expan> habeat priuationem (liceat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic mihi conuer<lb></lb>tere nunc illam vocem <foreign lang="grc">συνουσιωμένην</foreign>) ſed quia ſeparabile quiddam ſit à ſocietate formæ, & ido <pb pagenum="393"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2479"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neum perfici ab omni forma. </s> <s>Noli tamen hìc te opinari me & vniuerſalem poteſtatem & pri<lb></lb>uationem <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> ponere, vt <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> genus & natura, prius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> certas priuationeis & poteſta<lb></lb>teis, qui hæc vnuioca <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe putem, vtpote quae talem ordinem inter ſe habeant, qualem formę qui<lb></lb>bus adnexę ſunt, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> gradus & in origine & perfectione plureis eſſe conſtat, ſed vniuerſalia ſo<lb></lb>lùm ſecundùm <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> hæc faciam. </s> <s>Altera priuatio ſpecialis eſt, & definita quæ naſcitur à certa <lb></lb>forma quam habet <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan>; ſiquidem ſemper illi certa alterius formæ oppoſitæ priuatio comitetur, <lb></lb>& propter ipſam modò ad hanc formam propenſa ſit, & per illam ad alias ſubinde <expan abbr="conſequẽteis">conſequenteis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde optimè dicebat Euripides.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2471"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2472"></margin.target>a Simpl. <lb></lb>2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2473"></margin.target>b 2. Eth. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2474"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2475"></margin.target>a lib quę <lb></lb>& vnde <lb></lb>mala.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2476"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2477"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2478"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2479"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἐρᾶν μὲν ὄμβρου γαῖαν ζηρανθεῖσαν</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Imbres amare terram quę exaruerit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Tametſi inter id quod eſt appetere & amare <expan abbr="nõnihil">nonnihil</expan> diſcriminis poſuere Theologi: ſiquidem ap<lb></lb>petat id cui deeſt, ille qui dare vult, videatur amare: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> amare idem àc bene velle. </s> <s>ſic materia <lb></lb>appetet, amabit <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>. </s> <s>Sed apud vetereis Peripateticos nulla adhuc differentia talis obſeruatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad noſtra redeamus per oppoſita ſe tuetur appetitus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſedari perbellè <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> illa controuerſia, <lb></lb>ſit'ne ſimile ſimili amicum, an diſsimile quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus pertinet ad moreis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad naturam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>vt in motibus amicitia, vel eſt propter honeſtatem, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> amabile per ſeipſum, quod <expan abbr="honeſtũ">honeſtum</expan>, vel <lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="cõmodum">commodum</expan>, & ex indigentia, & quæ propter <expan abbr="honeſtatẽ">honeſtatem</expan> eſt ſimilium, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>diutiſsimè conſer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2480"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uatur. </s> <s>Idcirco bonos exiſtit amicitia vera: <expan abbr="diſsimiliũ">diſsimilium</expan> verò propter <expan abbr="cõmodum">commodum</expan>, & ex indigentia, ſic <lb></lb>in natura actus actui, vt honeſtum honeſto, amicus. </s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> partes, vbi <expan abbr="ſecernũ-tur">ſecernun<lb></lb>tur</expan> ex mixto; ad conſimile aguntur, & ſe ad ſuas vniuerſitateis recipiunt, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>demum ſuapte na<lb></lb>tura feruntur, <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. </s> <s>manent, vbi <expan abbr="pluriniũ">plurinium</expan> ſit de conſimili. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe tuetur <expan abbr="quidq.">quidque</expan> facilius, quod ſa<lb></lb>nè <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> rei natura conſtanti ſic <expan abbr="ingenitũ">ingenitum</expan> eſt, vt tolli non poſsit, vbi adſit indigentia, pręſentis ſta<lb></lb>tus grata <expan abbr="cõmutatio">commutatio</expan>. <foreign lang="grc">μεταβολὴ γὰρ πάντων γλυκύ</foreign>, vt aiunt poëtæ, ea verò <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> flagitat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quocirca amor hic & appetitus <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> fundatur. </s> <s>Talis eſt actus amor in poteſtate, & formæ <lb></lb>cupiditas in materia: vniuerſa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eò contendit, vt ſuppleatur id quod deeſt, & <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> vitium naturæ <lb></lb>corrigatur. </s> <s>Ab illa vniuerſali priuatione materia <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> ad <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> formas impetra<lb></lb>uit, per hanc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aſſecuta eſt <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> motus, cuius interuentu iam eò tendat, vnde ſatiet appetitum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter appetitus origo duplex eſſe videtur in materia, vna <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> prima & remota quæ eſt <lb></lb>abſoluta imperfectio materiæ, cùm excludatur <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illiuſmodi eſt habilitas, vt ab om<lb></lb>ni forma perficiatur ad <expan abbr="cõplendam">complendam</expan> vniuerſi perfectionem. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> præſtò foret cui tot bona <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> poſſent, quot ab eo quod primum eſt, ineffabili largitate funduntur, niſi talis natura <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2481"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſet in mundo. </s> <s>Quamobrem Themiſtius optimè prouidentia tribuit, quae in mundo pręſtiterit ta<lb></lb>lem naturam. </s> <s>Altera cauſſa eſt definita illa priuatio huius .ſ. </s> <s>aut illius formæ quę contrario inni<lb></lb>xa eſt, vnde propenſio naſcitur in materia ad <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan> formam, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex hac planè proficiſcitur, <lb></lb>vt in hoc bonum ſuapte natura contendat, & ad ipſum, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ad ſui <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> directò agatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quemadmodum verò materia moueatur ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & ad actum illum deducatur facilè eſt expli<lb></lb>care. </s> <s>Nam poſito fine qui per ſe expetendas eſt, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>qui cum efficiente conueniat & ſup<lb></lb>poſita materia, efficiens ipſum, cùm actu habeat eandem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, per affectiones pręuias <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <lb></lb>cùm actu commutat, <expan abbr="eaq.">eaque</expan> eſt ſuiipſius facultas & vis, vt cur ita faciat, nulla ſanè alia cauſſa reddi <lb></lb>poſsit. </s> <s>Proinde non iniuria Scaliger irridet illud <expan abbr="cõmentum">commentum</expan> Cardani, quae materia rapiat ad ſe for<lb></lb>mam cui nulla ſit actio tribuenda, ſed duntaxat accipiendi facultas, quinimmò in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> bene <lb></lb>ſubactam forma <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> ope ſeipſam inſinuat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> credendum, quod opinari video <expan abbr="nõnullos">nonnullos</expan>, <lb></lb>id à Galeno <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſignificatum fuiſſe, cùm inquit exponens ea quæ ſunt poteſtate, illa eſſe in quibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2482"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſa natura, ideſt, ſuo in pulſu ad perfectum proficiſcitur, ſi nihil extrinſecus impediat, quae materia <lb></lb>ſola id præſtet, ſed naturæ nomine <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vt eius actionis <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> efficiens, & finem complecti vo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2483"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>luiſſe quæ, niſi actu & ſeparata <expan abbr="cõſiſtunt">conſiſtunt</expan>; at vires ſuas relinquunt in materia, ex quo ſic mouea<lb></lb>tur, ac ſi pręſens eſſet efficiens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ipſi materiæ tantummodò tribuemus pro<lb></lb>gredi ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quod inquit alicubi Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed ab aliis cauſsis adiutam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> promotam ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2484"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>progredi ſtatuiſſe putabimus. </s> <s>Nec illud omittemus & id naturale, & internum haberi, quanuis <lb></lb>ab efficiente promoueatur materia, quod ab ipſa numero ſeparatur, quia ſit <foreign lang="grc">ὀικεῖον</foreign> & <expan abbr="conueniẽs">conueniens</expan>, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> eiuſdem rationis cum eo quod faciendum eſt: ex homine <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit homo, non ex ſcam<lb></lb>no, ſed ex artifice ſcamnum, ſiue & quae homo faciat, & quae fiat homo ſit in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> ingenitum; in ar<lb></lb>tifice & ligno facultas cum agendi, tum patiendi ſit omnis extrinſecùs. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi habitus eſt per <lb></lb>ſe ipſum habilitas agendi, vt agere ſit illi conueniens, & naturale; at habitus ab extrinſeco deri<lb></lb>uatur, & aſſuetudine contrahitur, non exiſtit natura. </s> <s>Quapropter in materia, quo progreditur <lb></lb>vlterius; eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> creſcit appetitus, & patitur ſeduci facilius, in re artificioſa nil vnquam tale <lb></lb>conſpicitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> interim vt obſcuriſsimæ rei faſtidium Platonica muſa leuemus. </s> <s>Vide etiam <lb></lb>vt ipſa <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> in Sympoſio <expan abbr="cõmenta">commenta</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Memorat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nata Venere Iouem diis natalitia prebuiſſe, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in eo conuiuio cum cęteros deos, tum Porum Metidis filium interfuiſſe, illum vero largius <pb pagenum="394"></pb>potum & nectare ebrium in Iouis hortos migraſſe, <expan abbr="ſomnoq́">ſomnoque</expan>. </s> <s>ibi ſe cediſſe. </s> <s>Tum verò Penian <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2485"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>(hæc autem eſt paupertas) quæ ad illud <expan abbr="conuiuiũ">conuiuium</expan> mendicandi cauſſa venerat, inſidias Poro, hoc <lb></lb>eſt copiæ coactam egeſtate ſtruxiſſe, & cubuiſſe propter illum, vt ex eo, ſi daretur facultas, filium <lb></lb>pareret. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> a Poro fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõpreſſam">compreſſam</expan>; ex <expan abbr="eoq.">eoque</expan> concubitu grauidam <expan abbr="factã">factam</expan> peperiſſe cupidinem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Credo nunc facilè Pentan idem eſſe apud Platonem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quæ nuda <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> bono ſeſe ad <expan abbr="copiã">copiam</expan> <lb></lb>conferat, quæ ſit efficiens, & tanquam matrem Pori patris exoptare coniunctionem, ex qua mox <lb></lb>oriatur compoſitum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſe planius rem expoſuerit in Timęo. </s> <s>ſunt verò hæc illius <lb></lb>verba. <foreign lang="grc">καὶ δή καὶ πρέπει τὸ μὲν δεχόμενον μητρὶ τὸ δ' ὁθεν παρὶ τὴν δὲ μεταξὺ τού<lb></lb>των φύσιν ἠκγονῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>aſsimilare enim decet id quod accipit matri, vnde vero patri: naturam ve<lb></lb>ro, quæ inter hoc eſt, fœtui. </s> <s>Atque hæc de cauſsis appetitus in materia non minus Peripateticè, <lb></lb>quam Platonicè diſputata ſint.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2480"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2481"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2482"></margin.target>a 3. de <expan abbr="tẽp">temp</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2483"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2484"></margin.target>b 9 Met. <lb></lb>T. 16. <lb></lb><lb></lb>13. Met</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2485"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Soluuntur dubitationes propoſitę de appectitu materię. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAE cùm ſint, Auicennę dubitatio ſoluitur. </s> <s>Cùm enim quęrit ipſe, vnde'nam materia con<lb></lb>ſecuta fuerit appetitum illum inſatiabilem, & omniuolum. </s> <s>Dicimus ipſum in tribus eſſe <lb></lb>poſitum, in natura materiæ quæ per ſe facultatem habet, vt ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma perficiatur; in priuatione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2486"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>certa propter quam indiga eſt huius certæ formæ, & in certa forma quam illa priuatio ſubſequi<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in his ordine quodam per ſe, ſed remotè ſanè in natura materiæ, proximè verò in priua<lb></lb>tione, deinde per accidens in forma cui adnexa eſt priuatio. </s> <s>Cùm veto ſigillatim probatur, à <lb></lb>nullo ex his principiis appetitum materiæ proficiſci, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ratio à diuiſis coniuncta non valet, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> a ſecundum quid ad ſimpliciter, quibus mendis ſcatet vniuerſus hic Auicennæ progreſſus, <lb></lb>quia tamen ſeorſum oppugnari poſſent cauſſæ à nobis allatæ in eo quod ſingulæ ſibi <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> ha<lb></lb>bent, etiam vtile fore puto, ſi accedamus ad ſingula: nam ſic vniuerſa frangentur. </s> <s>Quęrit igitur <lb></lb>Auicenna primùm de materia, & cauſſas interrogat ex quibus appetitus ille naſcatur, an'ne quòd <lb></lb>careat <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma, aut etiam ex tędio præſentis, aut quae plures optet ſimul, aut quae principium quod<lb></lb>dam internum obtinuerit, vnde habilitatem illam aſſecuta ſit. </s> <s>Reſpondemus hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> proficiſci <lb></lb>ex habilitate quam per ſe habet ad omneis formas; vnde infinitas illa appetitus emanat, & omni<lb></lb>uolentia, vt ſic dicam, propter quam aſsiduè vult eam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quam non habet. </s> <s>Cùm verò confir<lb></lb>mat ex eo propoſitum, quae appetitus materiæ ſit indefinitus, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam præſente ſatiari queat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alteram exoptare; tantum abeſt, vt faciat contra nos, vt ſtet etiam à nobis; immò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliam cu<lb></lb>pit, nec ea quam habet, expletur, quoniam indefinitus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> odio formam proſequitur quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2487"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præſens eſt, ſed odit adnexam priuationem, vt quiduis perpeti malit, vt illa exuatur. </s> <s>Non ſecus <lb></lb>ac ſiquis amore fœminæ formoſiſsimę captus extrema zelotypia laboret, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita illam odio ha<lb></lb>beat, vt modo morbo illo curetur, etiam fœminam <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, quanuis pulcherrimam velit amittere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde eo cauillo Auicenna implicatur qui eſt ab eo quod eſt per ſe, ad id quod eſt per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> afficitur per ſe tędio priuationis, ſed cùm hæc ſit affixa formæ præſenti; ex hoc efficitur, <lb></lb>vt ex euento prætentem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> odio proſequatur. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> plureis formas optet materia, ſimul <lb></lb>quidem fieri nequit, ſed id per <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> fit; <expan abbr="earumq.">earumque</expan> ſucceſsio exiſtit quæ ordinem inter ſe ha<lb></lb>bent: habent vero ordinem inter ſe quæ certam <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> ſecum apportant; ea verò credimus <lb></lb>eſſe contraria. </s> <s>ſic ex vino fit acetum, & ex animali cadauer. </s> <s>Et id negatur quae non adſit internum <lb></lb>appetitus huiuſce <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quia ſit eſſentia ſimplex, cùm initium hoc ſit habilitas quę ſua ipſius <lb></lb>eſt natura, ſic tamen, vt illa <expan abbr="taq̃">tamquam</expan> ſubiecto fundetur; appetit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materies, & pulſa priuatione, & for<lb></lb>ma, cui affigitur, cum forma noua <expan abbr="cõiungitur">coniungitur</expan>, & propagat <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>: verùm priuatione <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2488"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fundatur appetitus, & per <expan abbr="conſequentiã">conſequentiam</expan> forma veteri cui eſt adnexa priuatio; tamen hæc ſunt ap<lb></lb>petitus initia, vt per quod. </s> <s>Habita ergo ratione eius quod appetit, illa dimiſſa eius per quod, eſt eſ<lb></lb>ſentia ſimplex, & intrinſecùs habet quae appetat. </s> <s>Idcirco in argumento <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan> cauillus ſe<lb></lb>cundum <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> dictionis, dum <expan abbr="cõmutatur">commutatur</expan> ſubiectum vt quod, cum ſubiecto per quod. </s> <s>Fortè <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>qui: priuatio nihil ponit in materia quod reipſa diſtinguatur ab ea. </s> <s>Quinetiam quia talis ſit <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <lb></lb>natura, vt ex ipſa <expan abbr="cõtradicentia">contradicentia</expan> pullulent, & idcirco priuatio. </s> <s>Non me latet, & îam, Ariſt. </s> <s>ponere <lb></lb>materia pro eo quod eſt ſubiectu idoneum moueri cum omnibus .ſ. </s> <s>ſuis conditionibus <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>mo<lb></lb>do fit vt hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quod appetit, & per quod vt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> habeantur, ſed illa mea quidem ſententia me<lb></lb>liora: <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> negabitur Auicennæ appetitum in materia non intrinſecùs eſſe. </s> <s>Cùm ſecundo loco <lb></lb>opponitur, etiam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non eſſe cauſſam appetitus in materia, tum quae interitus ſui cupidine ca<lb></lb>peretur, tum etiam quae ipſa per ſe expetenda ſit, quia bonum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuinum. </s> <s>Ad primum dici<lb></lb>mus id euenire per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>: nam vt illam aſſequatur, quae eſt præſenti <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>; eam hac exui quam <lb></lb>habet oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq.">ideoque</expan> hac ſpolietur, eſt per accidens. </s> <s>per ſe verò, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> illam cupiat, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>præſentia <lb></lb>ſuum expleat appetitum. </s> <s>Verùm quia præſens, & futura ſunt aly ſtati, ac repugnant; hoc effici<lb></lb>tur, vt hanc amittat, recipiat alteram. </s> <s>Ad alterum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dicimus formam, etſi quatenus eſt in <pb pagenum="395"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2489"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia, eſſe quiddam <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>; at ſi ſpectetur, vt affert <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan>, & ordinem ad <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, vnde <lb></lb>priuatio deriuatur; ſic eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> appetitus, vt id per quod appetit materia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè vt appe<lb></lb>tens, ſed vt ratio per quam appetitus ponitur in materia, niſi materia pro toto illo ſumatur in quo <lb></lb>motus actu perſpicitur. </s> <s>proptereà non licet dicere <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, aut appetere aliam formam, aut, quod <lb></lb>maius eſt, appetere ſui <expan abbr="diſſolutionẽ">diſſolutionem</expan>, quandò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> id faciat, quatenus forma, ſed quatenus habet <expan abbr="cõ-trarium">con<lb></lb>trarium</expan>, & eſt cauſſa per quam, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt quod: vnde <expan abbr="cõplet">complet</expan> vniuerſam habilitatem materiæ, <lb></lb>ex quo redditur capax nouæ formę: quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> refertur hac <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & cum materia <lb></lb>numeratur. </s> <s>Vbi item opponitur tertio loco, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> eſſe poſſe <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> cauſſam, ne fortè ſui <lb></lb>interitum expetat. </s> <s>Damus id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, ſed per accidens euenire dicimus eò, quae priuatio cauſſa eſt, <lb></lb>vt materia perficiatur, & in id inſtituitur à natura, quae ſi ex eius perfectione ſequitur interitus pri<lb></lb>uationis .i. </s> <s>certè per accidens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> potiſsimè quæritur à natura: immò in hac re ita facit, quia ſic <lb></lb>facere neceſſe ſit; facit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> faber optimus de iis quę fieri poſſunt id quod melius eſt, <lb></lb>vt veluti nauta, qui, cum plenis velis in portum peruenire non poſsit, ſecunda, vt aiunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nauiga<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2490"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione contendit. </s> <s>Quod poſtremò obiicitur id quod appetit, agere <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, priuationem <lb></lb>verò non eſſe materiæ naturam. </s> <s>At id quod eſt appetere <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam, verum eſſe fatemur <lb></lb>in appetente, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> appetitus, & in eo quod perfici oportet cuius <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> eſt, vt habeat <lb></lb><expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> ad appetendum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> per eam vocem [ſecundùm naturam] notari putamus ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2491"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tionẽ">tionem</expan> per quam fit appetitus, ſed <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> in appetente quæ comitatur ipſius naturæ: immò <lb></lb>eſt ſuaipſius natura, hanc verò poteſtatem eſſe conſtituimus. </s> <s>Nec ille nos cauillus obturbat. </s> <s>Si <lb></lb>materia propter priuationem appetit, multò magis appetituram <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>, & molituram ſibi in<lb></lb>teritum. </s> <s>Nam cùm attributa reſpiciant tum cauſſas, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſubiecta, verè dicuntur inhęrere in <lb></lb>ſubiecto, & <foreign lang="grc">εἰδικῶς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>formaliter: at in cauſsis inſunt ambiguo <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> & <foreign lang="grc">αἰτιωδῶς</foreign>, potes <lb></lb>dicere cauſſaliter, & planè modo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> præſtantiore, vnde non eſt neceſſe, vt ea <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequan-tur">conſequan<lb></lb>tur</expan> quæ <expan abbr="cõſequuntur">conſequuntur</expan> ſubiectum. </s> <s>Sic in propoſito priuatio cauſſa eſt appetitus, propter quam .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>materia formaliter appetit: at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> illi ineſt è veſtigio formaliter appetere, ſed appetitus in illa eſt, <lb></lb>vt in cauſſa, non ſecus àc calor ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dicatur eſſe in motu: non, quia motus ſit calidus, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2492"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia ſit cauſſa, vt id quod mouetur, incaleſcat. </s> <s>Non ergo par eſt ratio denominationis in cauſſa, <lb></lb>& in eo cuius pars eſt ipſa cauſſa, ſicut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> par exiſtendi modus, & cauſſæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> magis ineſt <lb></lb>attributum: non tamen per illud cauſſa magis eſt talis. </s> <s>ita de priuatione & materia <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquam id quod dicimus, vniuersè pertinere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> cauſſę genus. </s> <s>At nouus hîc ſcrupulus <lb></lb>exoritur. </s> <s>quoniam ſic fieret, vt deterius appeteret <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> id quod melius eſt: contrà tamen vſuue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2493"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nit non infrequenter, vt cùm mas appetit <expan abbr="fœminã">fœminam</expan>, & viuens tendit ad cadauer. </s> <s>Prætereà falſum <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> ſemper eius eſſe quod non habemus. </s> <s>cùm theſauros poſsideat auarus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>diui<lb></lb>tias anguſtiſsimè quęritet, & ego beneualeam, & tamen <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> dem bonæ valetudini. </s> <s>ita quoque <lb></lb>materia, cùm habeat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> perfectam, non appetet aliam, ſed eam appetere poterit quam nunc <lb></lb>habet. </s> <s>Rurſus eodem reuoluitur. </s> <s>Nam ſi materia per formam <expan abbr="cõſeruatur">conſeruatur</expan>, eam verò tollit forma <lb></lb>adueniens, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> materia ad interitum ſui properabit. </s> <s>Vltimò habet in ſe bonum quod experitur, <lb></lb>alorum <expan abbr="nõdum">nondum</expan> experta eſt, an ſit <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>. </s> <s>quare bonum certum cum incerto, veluti canis ille <expan abbr="carnẽ">carnem</expan> <lb></lb>cùm ſimulacro commutabit, quod ſanè abſurdum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt ille inquit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2486"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2487"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2488"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2489"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2490"></margin.target>a Euſta<lb></lb>thius.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2491"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2492"></margin.target>b 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2493"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ben gioco è di fortuna audace & stolto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Per' por l'incerto e'l poco il poco & molto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>quocirca poterit error committi, quem tamen nullum ponimus in appetitu naturali. </s> <s>Ob hæc for<lb></lb>tè aliqui defendebant, <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> tranſmutationem ex vna forma in alteram eſſe <expan abbr="violentã">violentam</expan>, vt ſi ex aëre <lb></lb>fiat aqua. </s> <s>At ſi materiam volumus in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> tranſmutatione in ſuam niti <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, quis eſt adeò <lb></lb>rerum ignarus, vt <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> credat aduenire pręter naturam? </s> <s>Huc accedit quòd Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vber<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2494"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2495"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rimè teſtatus eſt, generationem eſſe motum naturalem. </s> <s>Ea verò omnia quæ fuerunt oppoſita, <lb></lb>facilè diſſolui poſſunt, & cum dictis optimè cohærent. </s> <s>Nam primùm diluitur: eo quòd peius <lb></lb>appetitur, non primò, ſed vt inſtrumentum, & per aliud in iis quæ ſunt ſecundùm naturam, <lb></lb>per ſe verò natura ſemper appetit id quod melius eſt, & in naturæ ordine per ſe ſemper appetit <lb></lb>ipſa poteſtas; appetitur autem actus, priuatio repudiatur, & forma illi oppoſita quæritur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et potentia ſemper ex actu perficitur, ſiue ſit indeterminata, vt in materia vniuerſali, ſiue de<lb></lb>terminata, quam ſignatam vocant. </s> <s>Illa ſanè vniuerſalis ex quaque forma, ſignata verò ex hac, <lb></lb>vt non ex alia, quod enim bonum eſt in natura, non ex bono ſimpliciter, ſed ex eo quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> bonum eſt, perfici ſolet. </s> <s>Nunc poteſtas actui cedit, & priuatio formæ Ex hoc efficitur, vt <lb></lb>perfectius ſemper appetatur, & à deteriore in melius ſemper mutatio fiat, talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> planè eſt proceſ<lb></lb>ſus à contrario in contrarium; quippe quòd perpetuò ſubeat rationem poteſtatis ad alterum. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quod ſecundùm naturam ſimpliciter & ſecundùm quid; ac ſimpliciter quidem id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2496"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt ſecundùm formam, ſecundùm quid autem quod eſt ſecundùm materiam; talia ſunt morbus <lb></lb>ſenium, decrementum, mors. </s> <s>Vbi ergo natura tendat in deterius dicimus, item id non naſci ex <pb pagenum="396"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2497"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eius appetitu (ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetitur id quod bonum videtur) ſed ex neceſsitate materiæ. </s> <s>Ad ſe<lb></lb>cundam verò dubitationem ſic dicendum eſt, appetitum eius eſſe quod abeſt, quatenus huiuſmo<lb></lb>di, ſiue id non dum poſsideatur, ſiue quoquomodo <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> reſpiciat, & generatim in mobi<lb></lb>libus quia non tota ſimul accedit alicuius rei poſſeſsio, ſed tempore præfinitur; & abſentia for<lb></lb>midatur; adeſt pro tempore appetitus, quae cùm à ſubſtantiis ſeparatis abhorreat; efficit vt in per<lb></lb>petua fruitione occupentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> opto ego ſanitatem; verùm non eam quæ præſens eſt; ſed <expan abbr="cra-ſtinã">cra<lb></lb>ſtinam</expan> & optat auatus diuitias, quas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habet; iis fruitur quas poſsidet. </s> <s>Et profectò fruimur præ<lb></lb>ſentibus, optamus ea quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ſi Platoni <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auſcultamus, eſt <foreign lang="grc">ῖμερος</foreign>, <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> eſt <foreign lang="grc">ποθός</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2498"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> genus illud appetitus aliqui <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> adiecto <expan abbr="cõplacentiæ">complacentiæ</expan> ſignificat; quaſi ſit ambiguè appetitus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2494"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 1. <lb></lb><lb></lb>5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 55.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2495"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2496"></margin.target>d 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2497"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2498"></margin.target>a Cratylo.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>-<emph type="italics"></emph>At mihi plaudo, inquit ille,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ipſe domi, ſimul àc numos contemplor in arca<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ceterùm & eorum <expan abbr="retinendorũ">retinendorum</expan> appetitus eſſe poteſt, quòd abeſſe queant: ſed cùm hoc aliquam <lb></lb><expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> futuri temporis afferat; non niſi ad <expan abbr="voluntatẽ">voluntatem</expan> pertinere arbitrabor: appetitus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & mul<lb></lb>to magis ille qui eſt naturalis, id habet, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reſpiciat tempus. </s> <s>Tertię dubitationi dupliciter oc<lb></lb>curri poteſt, <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> negando formam conſeruare <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; quaſi eius natura potius à priuatione <lb></lb>conſeruetur. </s> <s>Sed, cùm videam ſcribere Ariſt. </s> <s>deſtructa forma deſtrui materiam, ſi omnem, <expan abbr="ſal-tẽ">ſal<lb></lb>tem</expan> proximam. </s> <s>Cùm obſeruem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> admirabilem præceptorem ſemper intendere oculos ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2499"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, & ex eo cauſſas vniuerſas mutationis conſtituere; materia verò gemina habeat poteſtatem, <lb></lb>& qua vergens ad oppoſitum occurrit ad priuationem, non ens, & qua reſpicit formam, hæc ve<lb></lb>rò præſtantior eſt; hoc ſumpto principio dubitationem ſic è medio tollendam puto. </s> <s>Nego verò <lb></lb>illud effici, vt appetat ſui ipſius interitum, eo quòd materiæ poteſtas indefinita eſt, & ab omni <lb></lb>forma perficitur. </s> <s>quare non magis hęc illi <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> naturam eſt, quàm futura, nec magis illi bona <lb></lb>hæc eſt, quàm alia; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſi præter naturam, aut vlla violentia prorſus accedit; niſi rarò <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <lb></lb>velut in monſtris, cuius ratio non habetur in natura. </s> <s>Addo etiam ad deterius non eſſe <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed ita contingere ex neceſsitate materię, quare & id euenire ex natura, ſi non ſimpliciter, at ali<lb></lb>quo ſaltem modo. </s> <s>Sed cùm & huc motus quodam actu terminari videatur, & ad eum eſſe po<lb></lb>teſtas, ſecundam ſolutionem cæteris præferendam puto: ex cadauere <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit elementum, quod <lb></lb>item à natura intenditur. </s> <s>Quòd ſiqua vis illata conſpicitur in tranſmutationibus, ea certè for<lb></lb>mam intuetur, cui futura aduerſatur. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus ignis ad <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> locum illi vim affert; ſed <lb></lb>propter eam poteſtatem <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> habet ad terram, eſt naturalis. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>ſit vel ſecundum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> formæ, vel ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> materiæ; motus hic ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>formæ, at ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> materiæ naturalis eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> id ſat eſt ad <expan abbr="conſeruandũ">conſeruandum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2500"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Vltimũ">Vltimum</expan> intereà negatur; ſed cauſſa negationis vt explicetur, eget longiore ſermone, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, vbi alia <lb></lb>quæ ad <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> materiæ pertinentia dici ſolent, ſedulò animaduerſa erunt; aggredi inſtituimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Interim hac admonitione contenti ſimus. </s> <s>Efficiens incutere materiæ appetitum boni imminen<lb></lb>tis per præuias affectiones, & iis quaſi illecebris trahere ad bonum materiam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2499"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2500"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>- veluti, cùm pueris dant crustula blandis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Doctores, elementa velint vt diſcere prima<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquę in medio afferuntur contra decreta de appetitu materię. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATTAMEN & aduerſus ea quæ ſupra conſtituta fuerunt de appetitu materiæ, multa qui<lb></lb>dem Scaligero dubitata comperio, quæ ſanè, ſi conniueam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſsimulem, iniuriam tan<lb></lb>tæ eruditioni feciſſe exiſtimet. </s> <s>Ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totis viribus in id incumbit, vt doceat nullum appetitum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2501"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materię ad formas eſſe tribuendum. </s> <s>Ideò nos admonet hic locus, vt de his breuiter aliqua diſſe<lb></lb>ramus. </s> <s>Ait <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nihil id appetere quae adſit: at formæ omnes adſunt materiæ: nullam igitur appe<lb></lb>tit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hæ materiæ indiuiduarę partes ſunt materiæ primę, quæ vna eſt: in his autem partib. <lb></lb></s> <s>inſunt omnes formæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud vetat, quominus ita credamus, quia cùm pars quædam ſub im<lb></lb>perfectiore forma conſiſtens appetat <expan abbr="nobiliorẽ">nobiliorem</expan>, omnes eius partes celeſtem formam appeterent; <lb></lb>aut ſi illam adipiſci non poſſent, quae pluſquam genere ſeiuncta foret à noſtrate, ſaltem humanam <lb></lb>exoptarent: id verò abſurdum eſſe, non eſt difficile demonſtrare: quandoquidem is appetitus <lb></lb>eſſet fruſtra, quae quidem naturæ ordini mirum in modum aduerſatur. </s> <s>fruſtra verò eſſet ille appe<lb></lb>titus; quia de eo laboraret quod iam haberet. </s> <s>Dicet fortaſſe quiſpiam id non euenire, quoniam <lb></lb>variæ ſint materię portiones ſub diuerſis formis. </s> <s>Nil igitur <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan>, ſi quæ pars eſt ſub vna forma, <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> partis alterius formam cupiat: at id eſt ignorare omnes materiæ partes eſſe vniformes, cùm <lb></lb>materia prima ſit vnum indiuiduum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> partes habeat à ſeipſis eſſentia <expan abbr="differẽtes">differentes</expan>; idcirco <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>affectibus qui comitantur eſſentiæ. </s> <s>quamobrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> appetentia. </s> <s>Proptereà pars vna non appe<lb></lb>tet alterius partis interitum: appeteret <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, ſi formam eius exoptaret. </s> <s>Inſuper appeteret <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>formarum ignobiliorum perniciem, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe habitum <expan abbr="meliorẽ">meliorem</expan> appetere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <pb pagenum="397"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2502"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niſi per ſe <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> deterioris appetat. </s> <s>Poſtremò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> videtur id eſſe <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> euidentiſsimis naturæ <lb></lb>ipſius <expan abbr="exẽplis">exemplis</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ex <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> vermes <expan abbr="oriũtur">oriuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> veriſimile <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> tanto appetitu niſi ſeſe <lb></lb>exuere <expan abbr="humanã">humanam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vt delitias cadaueris fœtidiſsimi <expan abbr="nãciſceret̃">nanciſceretur</expan>, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vermis <expan abbr="faciẽ">faciem</expan> <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>indueret. </s> <s>Hęc Scaliger, quibus & alia nos ſubſcribamus quę ad <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> appetitus <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> <expan abbr="pernoſcẽ-dã">pernoſcen<lb></lb>dam</expan> aliquid valeant. </s> <s>Nam, quia materia eſt poteſtas, & oculis <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> patibus oppoſita <expan abbr="intuet̃">intuetur</expan>, <lb></lb>licet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ob <expan abbr="parẽ">parem</expan> <expan abbr="vsũ">vsum</expan> quippe quae primùm reſpiciat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> ens, <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, & per ſe <expan abbr="expetendũ">expetendum</expan>, mox <expan abbr="pri-uationẽ">pri<lb></lb>uationem</expan>; quia gratia formæ quae vnius interitus eſt ortus alterius. </s> <s><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe <expan abbr="expetẽdũ">expetendum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>id <expan abbr="cuiq̃">cuiquae</expan> <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, eſſe in <expan abbr="reb9">rebus</expan> natura <expan abbr="cõſtãtibus">conſtantibus</expan> <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> formę & eſſe; poſsit'ne vllo modo cadere <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> priuatio & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe. </s> <s>ac miſſo appetitu naturali, de appetitu generatim diſſeramus. </s> <s>Docent <lb></lb>verò hiſtoriæ <expan abbr="equũ">equum</expan> cognito inceſtu ſe dediſſe <expan abbr="pręcipitẽ">pręcipitem</expan>, <expan abbr="necnõ">necnon</expan> <expan abbr="elephantẽ">elephantem</expan> amore <expan abbr="cõtabuiſſe">contabuiſſe</expan>: multi <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſibi <expan abbr="mortẽ">mortem</expan> <expan abbr="cõſciuiſſe">conſciuiſſe</expan> <expan abbr="tradunt̃">traduntur</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm propter illa <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab initio dubitata <expan abbr="fuerũt">fuerunt</expan>, <expan abbr="toti9">totius</expan> exiſtimauit <lb></lb>Scaliger ſi ita diceret, ſic <expan abbr="cõditã">conditam</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & formas illi tributas, vt ſua <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> acquieſce<lb></lb>ret, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> in materia fuiſſe mutationis <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> perfectionis: perfici <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſub <lb></lb>qualibet forma <expan abbr="quãlibet">quallibet</expan> materię <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, & <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> ſub <expan abbr="oĩb9">omnibus</expan>. </s> <s>Cęterùm hęc excogitata ſubtiliter; ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt populari modo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> excedant: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine iudicio in <expan abbr="exercitationib9">exercitationibus</expan> exotericis collocata: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nihilomin9">nihilominus</expan> auditu, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> de his acroamaticè dici <expan abbr="queãt">queant</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt à poſtremis exordiar, <expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> viri po<lb></lb>ſitio <expan abbr="cõſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan>, quis adeò <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ignarus eſt, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> inter naturales formas obſeruet, tranſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2503"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> non videat eſſe <expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan>? </s> <s>ita, vt <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> materia <expan abbr="cõtendat">contendat</expan> in <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ea ſine <lb></lb><expan abbr="trãſmutatione">tranſmutatione</expan> parari nequeat; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> primò, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdò">ſecundò</expan> <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> exoptet. </s> <s>Prętereà, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> <expan abbr="q̃libet">qualibet</expan> <lb></lb>materię pars ſit ſub aliqua forma; <expan abbr="nihilomin9">nihilominus</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> reliquis priuata ſit, <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> <expan abbr="comitẽ">comitem</expan> exui cupit, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> adipiſci, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt, ſi tota materia ſit ſub <expan abbr="oĩb9">omnibus</expan> formis, <expan abbr="sĩgulę">singulę</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> partes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> formas <lb></lb>appetiturę ſint, modò in illis inſit cauſſa appetitus, qui per certas formas, <expan abbr="certaſq́">certaſque</expan>. </s> <s>affectiones <expan abbr="incu-tit̃">incu<lb></lb>titur</expan>, & <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> ſit ordinis, vt talis honoris capax eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia noſtràs <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="cęleſtẽ">cęleſtem</expan> <lb></lb>accipiet. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> exploremus. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò pręcipua <expan abbr="ducit̃">ducitur</expan> ab eo, quae vna ſit materia: paucis <expan abbr="ſta-tuẽdũ">ſta<lb></lb>tuendum</expan> eſt hoc loco, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> vna ſit, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt vna <expan abbr="tm̃">tamen</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, ſed vna <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> re: veruntamen <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>vna ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan> & poſitiuè, vt vnus homo, ſed priuatiuè <expan abbr="dũtaxat">duntaxat</expan>, quia .ſ. </s> <s>in ſeipſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ha<lb></lb>beat cauſſas abſolutas <expan abbr="diſtĩctionis">diſtinctionis</expan>, vt ita <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> numeralis, ſed ab extrinſeco <expan abbr="mutuet̃">mutuetur</expan>, nimirùm à for<lb></lb>ma. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> prima <expan abbr="illi9">illius</expan> diſtinctionis cauſſa à materia <expan abbr="sẽſili">senſili</expan> <expan abbr="deriuet̃">deriuetur</expan>, cui <expan abbr="comitat̃">comitatur</expan> <expan abbr="extẽtio">extentio</expan>, ſed hæc aliàs. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex eo, quae ſic vna eſt, oritur pugna inter partes eius, & priuationes <expan abbr="oppoſitarũ">oppoſitarum</expan> <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan>, & ſubinde <lb></lb><expan abbr="trãſmutationis">tranſmutationis</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> prima <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> ex figura dictionis; qppe quae accipiat ineſſe ſin<lb></lb>gulis partibus id quod ineſt toti. </s> <s>Verùm ad ea ſigillatim <expan abbr="p̃ſtat">praeſtat</expan> vt dicamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> inquit ille, nihil <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2504"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id appetere, quod adſit. </s> <s>damus hoc <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> accipit <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> formas adeſſe materiæ, <expan abbr="cõcedimus">concedimus</expan>, vbi vniuerſa <lb></lb>materia <expan abbr="ſumat̃">ſumatur</expan>, negamus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="accipiãtur">accipiantur</expan> ſingulę partes. </s> <s>Quòd verò approbare <expan abbr="conat̃">conatur</expan> id quod ac<lb></lb>cepit, ex eo quae vna ſit materia, fruſtrà <expan abbr="conat̃">conatur</expan>. </s> <s>oportebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modò <expan abbr="mõſtrare">monſtrare</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> vnius <expan abbr="eſsẽtię">eſsentię</expan> <lb></lb>fore, & <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> priuatiue <expan abbr="tãtùm">tantùm</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſitiuè, quod ipſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> licuit. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illa <expan abbr="tollunt̃">tolluntur</expan>, <lb></lb>quae materia vniuerſa ad <expan abbr="vnicã">vnicam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="perfectiſsimã">perfectiſsimam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> aſpiret: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit vna ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> priuati<lb></lb>uè (quia varię formę, <expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> ipſa <expan abbr="informat̃">informatur</expan> quas variæ priuationes <expan abbr="cõſectant̃">conſectantur</expan>, ſingulas eius partes in<lb></lb>ter ſe <expan abbr="diſtinguũt">diſtinguunt</expan>) <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè ad <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="vnaquæq.">vnaquæque</expan> <expan abbr="cõtendit">contendit</expan>, ſed ad <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, <expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> ipſa ſuſtinet <lb></lb><expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan>, <expan abbr="qualiſcunq.">qualiſcunque</expan> ſit, ſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſua priuatione conferatur, boni <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> habet <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> fruſtra <lb></lb><expan abbr="nitit̃">nititur</expan> in id natura <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> habet; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan>, tametſi tota materia formas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> in ſe retinet; at non ita de ſingulis <lb></lb>dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> quas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> mutationes fieri <expan abbr="ſolẽt">ſolent</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ob id ſui <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, aut materiæ <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan> <expan abbr="ap-petũt">ap<lb></lb>petunt</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> quę particulatim <expan abbr="cõmunicat̃">communicatur</expan>: proptereà quae ipſa vniuersè reſpicit <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> formas. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi hæc intereat, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> pro illa noua reſurgit; nil inde <expan abbr="incõmodi">incommodi</expan> capit. </s> <s>Partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſingulæ, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> abiiciant <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> habent, neceſſariò <expan abbr="perficiunt̃">perficiuntur</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma per ſe <expan abbr="cõmu-tatur">commu<lb></lb>tatur</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ipſe falsò arbitratus eſt, ſed priuatio <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma perpetuò, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa, cuicuimodi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2505"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerit, <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> habet imperfecti. </s> <s><expan abbr="Iã">Iam</expan> verò quod ipſe <expan abbr="experiẽtia">experientia</expan> <expan abbr="cõfirmare">confirmare</expan> conatus eſt, <expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> propè <lb></lb>ruinas minatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="edificiũ">edificium</expan> ſine <expan abbr="fundamẽtis">fundamentis</expan>. </s> <s>Docuimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuprà <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ab homine per ſe <expan abbr="tẽdere">tendere</expan> <lb></lb>ad cadauer, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde ad vermes, & <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, ſed p <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>: per ſe verò à poteſtate cadauere ad actu <lb></lb>cadauer, & ab <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> priuatione ad <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, veluti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> forma turpiſsima <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>; at nihilomi<lb></lb>nus aliquid obtinet <expan abbr="act9">actus</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuini & pulchri. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quocirca monebat nos Ariſt. </s> <s>ne <expan abbr="viliorũ">viliorum</expan> <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2506"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="diſputationẽ">diſputationem</expan>, & <expan abbr="perpenſionẽ">perpenſionem</expan> puerili <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> faſtidio ſperneremus; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="dignũ">dignum</expan> nobis eſſe tale <expan abbr="cõſide-rationis">conſide<lb></lb>rationis</expan> <expan abbr="gen9">genus</expan> ægre ferre; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> nulla ſit res, in qua <expan abbr="quiddã">quiddam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inſit <expan abbr="admirandũ">admirandum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="obſcurũ">obſcurum</expan> illud eſt, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="Heraclit9">Heraclitus</expan> ad eos dixit qui <expan abbr="vererent̃">vererentur</expan> ingredi <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <expan abbr="casã">casam</expan> <expan abbr="furnariã">furnariam</expan> in qua fortè <expan abbr="ſedẽs">ſedens</expan> ille calefiebat, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="fidẽter">fidenter</expan> <expan abbr="ingrederẽtur">ingrederentur</expan>, quae <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> loco dij <expan abbr="deeſsẽt">deeſsent</expan>, & illud Thaletis. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> diis eſſe plena. </s> <s>quo fit <lb></lb>vt turpis ſit eius priuatio. </s> <s>Igitur, ſi <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <expan abbr="cõferant̃">conferantur</expan>, id profectò quod obtinet locum termini à quo, & <lb></lb>vnde incipit <expan abbr="trãſmutatio">tranſmutatio</expan>, <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> imperfectius <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alter ille terminus in <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ipſa deſinit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> verò quęſtionem. </s> <s>Ego planè <expan abbr="cẽſeo">cenſeo</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eo terminari quod eſt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe expeti, vt <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> vel <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> numero, vel <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> ſpecie ad <expan abbr="ppetuitatẽ">ppetuitatem</expan> aſpiret. </s> <s>Sed vbi adſit aliqua cogni<lb></lb>tio, vel bruta, vel <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan>: <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="experendũ">experendum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ducimus, ſed per accidens: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <pb pagenum="398"></pb>multis modis eſſe contingit, vel integra <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, & iudicio, vel perturbato, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ibi <expan abbr="ſanũ">ſanum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2507"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratio recta, ſi id <expan abbr="cõſtanti">conſtanti</expan> propoſito fiat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt optaret <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vir prudens, & extra <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtitutus">conſtitutus</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> duobus planè modis: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt melius ſit poſteà <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan>, aut quia deuitetur <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan>, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <lb></lb>minus <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan> reputetur: generatim verò <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> aut quod <expan abbr="imaginẽ">imaginem</expan> boni pręſefert, illud eſt, quod ap<lb></lb>petitur. </s> <s>Nam minus malum habet ſpeciem boni, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſic bene viui cenſeatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>rectè ne, an ſecus fiat: propoſitum <expan abbr="ſpectandũ">ſpectandum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conſilium. </s> <s>Nam multa ſunt quæ <expan abbr="mortaliũ">mortalium</expan> <lb></lb>vitam circunſtant, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & <expan abbr="moleſtã">moleſtam</expan> faciunt & acerbam, vt morbi, <expan abbr="dolorũ">dolorum</expan> intentio, tempeſtates, vt, ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2508"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæc <expan abbr="cõſideranti">conſideranti</expan> Optio à principio detur, non naſci potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> hæc experiri velint. </s> <s>Quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt eſſet, <lb></lb>optaret eam valetudinem, qua fruebatur Herodicus, quem ferunt <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> illis, aut plurimis abſti<lb></lb>nuiſſe, quibus reliqui homines vterentur. </s> <s>Sed fac hos eſſe nimium molles qui aduerſis reſiſtere <lb></lb>nequeant: quæ'nam eſt obſecro puerilis vitæ <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan>, ad quam nemo <expan abbr="prudẽs">prudens</expan>, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi queat, redierit? <lb></lb></s> <s>Ac multa quidem, vel voluptatis <expan abbr="dolorumq́">dolorumque</expan>. </s> <s>expertia, vel præſegerentia voluptatem, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="honeſtã">honeſtam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, eiuſmodi ſunt, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> viuere melius iudicetur, <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> à bono viro qui aliorum norma eſſe <lb></lb>debet: nam multos voluptariæ vitæ ſed ediſſe ſcimus, <expan abbr="eoſq́">eoſque</expan>. </s> <s>vituperatos eſſe nouimus, & Sarda<lb></lb>napalum, & Smindyriden Sybaritam, & Heliogabalum, <expan abbr="alioſq́">alioſque</expan>. </s> <s>complures. </s> <s>Ac in vniuerſum, ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2509"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in vnum <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> conferas, quæ vel agunt, vel patiuntur homines inuiti (quia <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſius gratia) prę<lb></lb>ſertim, ſi tempus miſeriarum fuerit diuturnius; cur magis viuere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> non viuere eligatur? </s> <s>certè ni<lb></lb>hil obſtat magis beatitudini quę eſt finis humanus. </s> <s>Eodem pacto <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ob cibi <expan abbr="veneriſq́">veneriſque</expan>. </s> <s>volupta<lb></lb>tes, ſi vita reliquis deſtituta fuerit, quas, vel cognitio, vel viſus, aut ſenſus quiſpiam alius ſuppedi<lb></lb>tarit, nemo, niſi ſeruile mancipium, magnopere ſibi vitam <expan abbr="exoptandã">exoptandam</expan> iudicarit. </s> <s>patet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à bruto <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> nihil diſtare, adeò, vt bos AEgyptius, quem, vt Apin <expan abbr="colũt">colunt</expan>, hic monarchis mul<lb></lb>tis modis præſtet. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> eſt de ſomni voluptate. </s> <s>Quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> refert, ſiue à prima natiuitatis die <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="vltimã">vltimam</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ſomno profundo ſtertas, an <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> plantæ viuas, his ſimilis eſt in vtero infans. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>igitur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex iudicio vulgi, ſed ſapientum decreta fuiſſe perſpicimus, vt generatim <expan abbr="cõcludi">concludi</expan> liceat, <lb></lb>vbi prohibeatur finis qui <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> formæ proprius eſt, non eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſſe fore optabilius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> Anaxa<lb></lb>goras ambigentem quendam & quærentem, quare viuere potius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> non viuere expetendum ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>iuſsit cęlum, <expan abbr="totiuſq́">totiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>mundi <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan>, & ordinem <expan abbr="cõtueri">contueri</expan>: ſentiens vitæ <expan abbr="cupiditatẽ">cupiditatem</expan> non niſi <lb></lb>ſcientiæ cuiuſpiam gratia eſſe honorandam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hic eſt in homine finis <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> poſtremus, & <lb></lb>pręſtantiſsimus. </s> <s>Sed, vt diximus, non eſt idem omnium <expan abbr="eligentiũ">eligentium</expan> non eſſe, propoſitum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> con<lb></lb>ſilium, neque <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> æquè laudandi. </s> <s>Haud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> crediderim ita <expan abbr="cõmendandum">commendandum</expan> eſſe Appij Claudij Re<lb></lb>gilliani conſilium, vt Lucretiæ puellæ, cùm ille ſtuprata Virginia Virginij Centurionis filia, in <expan abbr="cal-cerẽ">cal<lb></lb>cerem</expan> a populo crimen vlciſcente coniectus, ſibi manus intulerit; hæc verò, quae ægreſceret <expan abbr="puriſsi-mũ">puriſsi<lb></lb>mum</expan> ſuæ pudicitiæ Horem ab impuriſsimo viro violatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corruptum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ille ob iudicij <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2510"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>timorem ſeſe peremit; illa ne dedecus amiſſæ pudicitiæ ſuſtineret. </s> <s>Neque Otho vir molliſsimus <lb></lb>(quantunuis <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eius <expan abbr="conſiliũ">conſilium</expan> laudent ſcriptores) eadem cauſſa permotus à Vitellio victus <lb></lb>apud Bebriacum, ſibi mortem conſciuit, aut Pyramus ſe gladio confodit, qua Hannibal ab ami<lb></lb>cis Romanorum circunſeptus, hauſit <expan abbr="venenũ">venenum</expan>, quod in anulo gerebat. </s> <s>Et Cato <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> interfecit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ille <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ob rerum deſperationem & animi prauitatem ſe ſuſtulit, quod prorſus ignominioſum eſt, <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr="cõmittendum">committendum</expan> Hannibal ex animi celſitudine. </s> <s>Cato quae vt reliqui Stoici meliorem ſtatum <lb></lb>expectaret. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> fatuum, quod in ſeipſum patrauit Cleombrotus Ambraciotes, qui lecto <lb></lb>Phędone ſe præcipitem dedit è cliuo, vt animi immortalitatem experiretur, aut quod à Mileſus <lb></lb>virginibus factitatum fuiſſe legimus: eas repentè nulla euidenti cauſſa, voluptatem mortis <expan abbr="obeũ-dæ">obeun<lb></lb>dæ</expan> cœpiſſe, ac deinde plurimas <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> amiſiſſe ſuſpendio. </s> <s>hoc opus inſaniæ. </s> <s>Cęterùm illa, vel metu <lb></lb>maioris mali <expan abbr="cõmiſſa">commiſſa</expan>, vel ſpe boni maioris. </s> <s>Ita etiam fit, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe per accidens expetendum ſit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2501"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2502"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2503"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2504"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2505"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2506"></margin.target>a 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 5. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. de An. <lb></lb>T. 86.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2507"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2508"></margin.target>a 9. Eth. <lb></lb>c. </s> <s><gap></gap> 1. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Eth. c. ad <lb></lb>Eucl. </s> <s>c 2. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. Reth. </s> <s>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2509"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2510"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum'ne moueat finis, quatenus eſt, an potius quia non ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2511"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2511"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT VERÒ quanuis appetat materia, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuapte natura <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <expan abbr="adipiſcẽdum">adipiſcendum</expan>: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ini<lb></lb>tia quę <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> efficiant, in ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habet, ſed ab externo excitatur, & mouetur quod <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> affi<lb></lb>ciat ad eiuſmodi <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> quem illi <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> imponat id quod anteà munus efficientis eſſe dictum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde & finis, vt exiſtat, pręter <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> requirit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> agens (loquor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> modo de fine illo qui ter<lb></lb>minus eſt <expan abbr="trãſmutationis">tranſmutationis</expan>) quocirca & <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> hoc mouebit, vt <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> aſſequatur: ita & <expan abbr="efficiẽti">efficienti</expan> ma<lb></lb>teria ſubſternitur; <expan abbr="finiſq́">finiſque</expan>. </s> <s>illi propoſitus eſt, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> euenit <expan abbr="efficiẽti">efficienti</expan> <expan abbr="volũtario">voluntario</expan>, vt ea, quæ <lb></lb>agit, gratia <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> finis agat, & appetat <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, ſic de naturali efficiente <expan abbr="cẽsẽdũ">censendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Generatim verò <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="appetit̃">appetitur</expan>, boni <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> <expan abbr="appetẽti">appetenti</expan> imprimit. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſpeciatim appetit <expan abbr="volũtariũ">voluntarium</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> id quod <lb></lb>habet pro bono, ſeu verè ſit, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tale reputetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Efficiẽs">Efficiens</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naturale appetit id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>id quod ita videtur. </s> <s><expan abbr="nãq.">nanque</expan> nihil illi <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> videri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quo reuera <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> plura <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> naturalis <expan abbr="appetit9">ap<lb></lb>petitus</expan> initia, veluti <expan abbr="volũtarij">voluntarij</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="sĩplex">simplex</expan> eſt. </s> <s>& vniformis appetitus ille naturalis. </s> <s>Verumenimuero <lb></lb>hoc, vt <expan abbr="dixim9">diximus</expan>, admirabile. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> finis <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> è <expan abbr="mouer̃">mouerm</expan>, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fit ab eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> è actu. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> appetit <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="volutariũ">volutarium</expan>, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt actu <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>: etenim in <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> eſt, aut phantaſia ſpecies <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> rei <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequi">conſequi</expan> vult à qua </s></p> <pb pagenum="399"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2512"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouetur, & per quam mouet <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. </s> <s>Sed in efficiente naturali nihil <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> fingi poteſt. </s> <s>Idcirco Pla<lb></lb>to <expan abbr="cõfugit">confugit</expan> ad Ideas, <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> quas opifex <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> ſingulas <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> formas in ſenſibili <expan abbr="mũdo">mundo</expan> produce<lb></lb>ret, <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> tribuit <expan abbr="mẽti">menti</expan>. </s> <s>At qui apud Ariſt. </s> <s>ideæ non ſunt. </s> <s>Neque verò probabile eſt <lb></lb>velle ipſum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan>; iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obtinuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt forma & ſpecies in <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽ-tis">efficien<lb></lb>tis</expan> <expan abbr="volũtarij">voluntarij</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in re quæ <expan abbr="faciẽda">facienda</expan> ſit, quòd <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſt, & <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan>, vt aiunt, in <lb></lb>re poſteà <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> eſt, & in materia <expan abbr="ponẽdum">ponendum</expan>. </s> <s>At forma naturalis <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo eſt in ipſo <expan abbr="efficiẽ-te">efficien<lb></lb>te</expan>, & eo quod efficitur: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> vniuocum per ſe fit ab vniuoco. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illud admirabilius; quippe quae <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="fatendũ">fatendum</expan> ſit, efficiens <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri à fine, aut ei, quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="tribuendã">tribuendam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="princepẽ">princepem</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ, <expan abbr="omniumq́">omniumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="potiſsimã">potiſsimam</expan>. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> actu finis eſt, quando nil amplius agit <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, & <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <lb></lb>ceſſauit, & <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> agebat efficiens, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aderat finis, & agebat, vt imponeret <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>. </s> <s>ei verò quod non <lb></lb>eſt, tribui, quae <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> ſit, quae moueat, & alia <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> quæ <expan abbr="sũmã">summam</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> conſecuta fuerint, <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <lb></lb>ſuperat captum. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò ex huius quæſtionis explicatu petitur occaſio diſſoluendi nodos <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>; <lb></lb>eam ante alia tractemus. </s> <s>In hac re nobis explananda viri elegantiſsimi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eruditiſsimi labora<lb></lb>runt. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="dixerũt">dixerunt</expan> Latini vetuſtiores, <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ita mouere, quatenus eſt in animo, & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> hoc ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="agẽtia">agentia</expan> <expan abbr="volũtaria">voluntaria</expan> potius pertinere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad alia videbitur, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> notior nobis eſt agendi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> in nobis <lb></lb>ipſis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in naturalibus liceat ea quæ de <expan abbr="noſtrarũ">noſtrarum</expan> <expan abbr="actionũ">actionum</expan> principiis <expan abbr="cõcluduntur">concluduntur</expan>, ad <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> <expan abbr="mo-tionũ">mo<lb></lb>tionum</expan> primordia transferre. </s> <s>Mirum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> videtur id quod <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> eſt in <expan abbr="intẽtione">intentione</expan> ſolùm, &, vt fer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2513"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, ens <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>, vt aut <expan abbr="producturũ">producturum</expan> ſit id quod reipſa futurum eſt, aut idemmet reipſa futurum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus, ſi medici finis eſt id quod eſt in <expan abbr="aĩo">animo</expan>, nullis opus erit <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtis">inſtrumentis</expan>, aut operationibus <expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> <lb></lb>finis ipſe <expan abbr="cõparetur">comparetur</expan>, ſed per ſe nulla ope <expan abbr="aliũde">aliunde</expan> implorata ſanitatem conſequi poterit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſa<lb></lb>nitatem ſemper habebit ſibi præſentem. </s> <s>Addo etiam quòd iam finis eſſet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla actione opus <lb></lb>inſuper foret, nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> differret forma ſanitatis ægro reſtituendæ, ab ea quæ eſt in mente medici. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inſuper forma & finis idem ad numerum exiſtunt, <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione <expan abbr="ſeiungũtur">ſeiunguntur</expan>. </s> <s>Atqui forma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <lb></lb>illa quę in mente medici præceſsit, ſed alia numero diuerſa. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pertinent aliquo pacto <lb></lb>ad ea <expan abbr="cõuellenda">conuellenda</expan> quæ de fine naturali dicuntur, qui <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> appetitu fundatur. </s> <s>Et quanuis adie<lb></lb>cerit Zimata <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> appetitui, quam <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan>, <expan abbr="tendentiã">tendentiam</expan> ad <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> quæ reipſa eſt, & ob id <lb></lb>appetenda: non plenè <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſatisfacit, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> tendentia hæc, aut eſt propenſio naturalis, ſiue efficien<lb></lb>tis, ſiue materię, aut progreſſus, & actus eius quod <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> mouet, aut mouetur. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="qũocunq.">qunocunque</expan> ſumatur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> reſpicit id quod non eſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi dixerit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe hanc <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> bonitatem; eſſe <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> ſim<lb></lb>pliciter à qua mouetur. </s> <s>At inquam ego efficiens <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cupere <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> talem com<lb></lb>municare materiæ, ſed hanc huic, & eam quam <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & cuius id cui dat <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan>, capax eſt. </s> <s>Dantur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2514"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>formę pro viribus efficientium, & quę ſunt merita materiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hęc rationicatio diuerſa eſt ab ea <lb></lb>quam intulit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aduerſus Ideas oſtendens eas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe cauſſas actionis. </s> <s>“Dubium <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2515"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="vtilitatẽ">vtilitatem</expan> conſequatur faber, aut textor in arte ſua, ſi <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> ipſum (hoc verò eſt vniuerſale) co<lb></lb>gnorit, vel <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> medicus ad <expan abbr="medendũ">medendum</expan>, aut dux ad <expan abbr="imperandũ">imperandum</expan> peritior reddetur, ſi <expan abbr="ideã">ideam</expan> ipſam <expan abbr="con-tẽplatus">con<lb></lb>templatus</expan> fuerit. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita ſpeculari <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan> medicus videtur, ſed hominis <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan>; imò verò <lb></lb>fortaſſe huius hominis ſanitatem; quippe cùm ſingulis medeatur.” Proptereà quidam à pondere <lb></lb>difficultatis oppreſsi genus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> finis in cogitatione collocarunt. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> de <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> fine qui agunt vo<lb></lb>luntariè, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="dubitandũ">dubitandum</expan>, <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="efficientiũ">efficientium</expan> finem <expan abbr="ponũt">ponunt</expan> in intentione primæ men<lb></lb>tis in <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nullus error cadere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde, cùm intentio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> efficiat <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> finis eiuſmodi, vt moueat <lb></lb>actu, <expan abbr="remq́">remque</expan>. </s> <s>producat; aiunt finem eſſe partim in re partim abeſſe, veluti ſanitas quæ à medico re<lb></lb>ſtituenda eſt, partim eſt in humoribus, partim <expan abbr="nõdum">nondum</expan> pręſens eſt. </s> <s>Ea igitur <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua pręſens eſt, <lb></lb>vim habet mouendi, quatenus verò abeſt, habet <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> excitandi appetitus; & eſt, vt inquiunt, <lb></lb>pręſtò facultas, abſolutio <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> deeſt. </s> <s>in efficientis verò intentione vniuerſum <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> refulgere: ex hoc <lb></lb>autem effici, vt ab efficientis ipſius mente totus anticipetur, appetatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita moueat efficiens. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2516"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quòd ſi dubites, quia totus finis in <expan abbr="aĩo">animo</expan> medici ſit impreſſus: ergo & eſſe actu <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> tribuunt id <expan abbr="aĩ">aim</expan> <lb></lb>vtribus qui plus <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſa natura. </s> <s>Hæc docent viri ſapientiſsimi. </s> <s>Mirabile verò eſt id <lb></lb>mouere, quod eſt facultate, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſi ſanitas <expan abbr="poneret̃">poneretur</expan> in humoribus, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi vt in poteſta<lb></lb>te patibili, & vt in materia, & vt quę futura ſit, & actu in materia ineſt eius priuatio. </s> <s>Prętereà, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <lb></lb>mouet; quęro, an'ne moueat, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, an vt finis, ſi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> dederis; hoc nihil ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> <expan abbr="quaeincõgruũ">quae <lb></lb>incongruum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> mouere vt <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt efficiens ad <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan>: ſimul <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſet & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet: haberet & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>haberet, quae ſi, quatenus finis; at mouet ille <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> optabilis; optabile <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quatenus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, finis igitur <lb></lb>ita mouet, quatenus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Confugies, opinor, ad <expan abbr="mẽtẽ">mentem</expan> in <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nullus cadit error. </s> <s>Atqui ſic efficies, <lb></lb>eam tantùm abeſſe à fine, vt & ipſa gratia finis alicuius agat: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>præſertim id pro falſo haben<lb></lb>dum eſt, quo credimus ex ſententia Peripateticorum mentes beatas nil infra ſeipſas intelligere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mitto quae Ariſt. </s> <s>& motus illius qui ab efficiente pręſtatur, & eius qui fit in materia, cauſſam ita red<lb></lb>dere conſueuit, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> illa ſit eorum vis, & natura, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quia ſic à mente concitetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & <lb></lb>finis appetitur ſuapte natura, & efficiens ſuopte impulſu <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> conſectatur, & materia ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam appetit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò cogitare debemus, res naturales ferri in finem ſuum, veluti ſagittam <pb pagenum="400"></pb>quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cieretur aliquò, niſi dirigeretur à iaculante: quandoquidem <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> res naturales ingeni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2517"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tam <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> per quam <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> afficitur, prout <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> ſuæ <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> naturæ. </s> <s>Sed & ipſa <lb></lb>prima mens mouet vt finis, quae eam ſingula cupiunt imitari, & imitando, quoad poſſunt, aſſequun<lb></lb>tur: dum imitari <expan abbr="volũt">volunt</expan>, nondum habent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem eſt àc ſi abeſſet, igitur & de illa quærendum <lb></lb>eſt, quemadmodum moueat. </s> <s>Hanc ego video nunc vagari ſententiam. </s> <s>Nempe in fine duo con<lb></lb>tineri, primùm quod eſt res ipſa vt forma, & ſanitas, alterum quod eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> mouendi, nimirùm quia <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit, & quae ſit in <expan abbr="intẽtione">intentione</expan>: illud planè monere quod eſt forma, quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> futura eſt, non eſſe verò, <lb></lb>aut eſſe in intentione <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouere, ſed eſſe <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> mouentis: veluti conditio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="agẽtis">agentis</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>collocari in conueniente diſtantia: quaſi res moueat quidem, attamen quæ non ſit adhuc niſi in <lb></lb>intentione. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id abſurdum videri debere, quae etiam ſi non ſit, moueat tamen, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouet <lb></lb>propriè, ſed metaphoricè. </s> <s>id verò, quae propriè mouet, actu eſſe oportere; alterum verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſariò. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm, quo magis eſt cauſſa, perfectio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan>, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis eſſe, <expan abbr="actuq́">actuque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe <expan abbr="cẽſendũ">cenſendum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽ">est</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat, quae motus ille ſit metaphoricus, <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> ab eo quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt præſtari poſsit; nanque <lb></lb>etſi talis, tamen multò principalior eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> præſtantior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ille ſit qui verus eſt motus, nec ſine il<lb></lb>lo reliqui conſiſtunt, & à multò nobiliore cauſſa proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Quate tum beneficio cauſſæ, tum <lb></lb>etiam <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> propria fit, vt actus ille ſit à quo <expan abbr="deſcẽdit">deſcendit</expan> motus, velut à fine. </s> <s>Hoc certè dictum ma<lb></lb>ximè repudiaret Alexander, & <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> illi contemnerent qui, cùm Deum mouere <expan abbr="cõtendant">contendant</expan>, vt <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, <lb></lb>nec <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> eſſe mouendi <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, qui 8. Phyſ. explanetur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> finis, reſoluturi <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> definitionem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2518"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quę aſsignata eſt 3. Phyſ. inueniant, illud quod mouet, actu eſſe debere. </s> <s>Rurſus mihi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> finis ille ſit aliquid per ſe, niſi <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, tum verò non habet <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> finis, <lb></lb>ſed formæ, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ille, qui terminus eſt operationis, & accedit materiæ: nam talis ille eſt cui pote<lb></lb>ſtas attribuitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè quae fieri poteſt, vt appetens non patiatur eo quod appetit, atque ita <lb></lb>finis ille prorſus erit nihil, & in natura potiſsimè, in qua nullum eſt phantaſiæ munus quæ ſani<lb></lb>tatis ſpeciem <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>retineat, cuius bonitatem experiens, inclinet animal ad appetendum <lb></lb>atque agendum pro ratione talis impulſus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2512"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2513"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2514"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2515"></margin.target>a 1. Eth. <lb></lb>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2516"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2517"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2518"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ediſſeritur, quemadmodum finis actu conſistat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CONFVTATIS aliorum ſententijs, ſequitur nunc, vt noſtram in medio ponamus. </s> <s>Equi<lb></lb>dem exiſtimauerim <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ipſum actu præcedere, quippe qui legam apud Ariſt. </s> <s>idem eſſe for<lb></lb>mam, <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> & efficientem cauſſam, <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> & ſpecie, <expan abbr="numeroq́">numeroque</expan>. </s> <s>tantùm ſeparari: prætereà tali utulo <lb></lb><expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ornatum eſſe <expan abbr="cõperiam">comperiam</expan>, vt immobilis appelletur: at nil poteſtati magis repugnat, quæ per ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> eſt tranſmutationis, actui nihil minus: quandò etiam puriſsimi actus tali nomine hone<lb></lb>ſtantur, ac nos olim docuimus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> formam quam efficiens vult dare materiæ, <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2519"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per quam & eſt, & operatur efficiens, quæ poſteà ſegregatur ab illo, materiæ priuilegio cui ipſa <lb></lb>accedit. </s> <s>Idcirco cum finis, tum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> efficiens, <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> cauſſæ, externæ, numero .ſ. </s> <s>ab effectu ipſo ſecretæ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi ea finis eſt, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> accedat materiæ, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> acceſſerit, euadit in formam rei quæ gigni<lb></lb>tur: <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> & finis idem eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> forma efficientis, accepta, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à ſingulari materia ſeparata, & vni<lb></lb>uersè: quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fit magis, vt ſit actus, quemadmodum nos ipſi defendimus. </s> <s>Ita non eſt finis in co<lb></lb>gitatione & intentione ſolùm, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reapſe conſiſtit: <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus non eſt, neque poteſtate <lb></lb>ſolùm; niſi <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ſic accipiamus, quam alio modo dicimus <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελεχὲιαν</foreign>, ſicuti calor eſt in cor<lb></lb>pore ſolis. </s> <s>Sed tum maximè actus <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ad ipſum accommodabitur. </s> <s>Quod ſi poteſtate eſſe ſit illud, <lb></lb>vt forma aceti eſt in vino. </s> <s>Verùm herclè neſcio, vtrum'ne eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> finis in <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> degeneret. </s> <s>ſiqui<lb></lb>dem poteſtas ſit in ſubiecto, hoc verò illud eſt, quod proximè <expan abbr="priuatũ">priuatum</expan> eſt, id verò manet adhuc ſub <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, & per ſe inſtituitur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> qui eſt forma, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> qui eſt finis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſa <lb></lb>forma, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> finis, <expan abbr="erũpere">erumpere</expan> dicitur è poteſtate materiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & hoc <expan abbr="cõmentum">commentum</expan> iis aduerſa<lb></lb>tur quæ anteà <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> ſunt, dum exponeretur de modo quo efficiens dat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ac doceremus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2520"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nihil formę pręcedere in materia; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="trãſmutationis">tranſmutationis</expan> extremum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="animaduerten-dũ">animaduerten<lb></lb>dum</expan> eſt efficiens <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> ſubſtinere <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, vt homo, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, qua eſt homo ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="al-terã">al<lb></lb>teram</expan>, qua eſt hic homo; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> præcedere <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſimpliciter: fieri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, aut hunc <expan abbr="homi-nẽ">homi<lb></lb>nem</expan>, ex huius formæ præſentia, id quod <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> materiæ ſenſili refertur acceptum. </s> <s>Ita ſicuti duplex <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan>, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> duplex eſt appetitus; vniuerſalis .ſ. </s> <s>qui eſt <expan abbr="cõſeruatio">conſeruatio</expan> formæ, & ſpeciei <lb></lb>totius, & indiuiduus, qui ſanè huius eſt indiuidui, vt in Socrate <expan abbr="generãdi">generandi</expan> <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> hominem. </s> <s>Ille <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> vniuerſalis per ſe eſt; hic verò per accidens; <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> ob ipſius ſpeciei <expan abbr="cõſeruationẽ">conſeruationem</expan>, propter quod <lb></lb>ordo perpetuus in <expan abbr="mũdo">mundo</expan> retinetur. </s> <s>Ille qui ſpeciei proprius eſt, <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> fruſtratur, ſed ſi fortè ap<lb></lb>petitus indiuidui cadere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> à ſuo fine. </s> <s>Veruntamen inter <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, & <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> talis nexus inter<lb></lb>cedit, vt ſpecies <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> niſi per <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequi">conſequi</expan> poſsit: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> peruenire <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, niſi per <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="sẽſilẽ">senſilem</expan> per <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fit <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod fit. </s> <s>At forma per <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> protinus indiuidua <expan abbr="redditt̃">reddittur</expan>, & ſin<lb></lb>gularis. </s> <s>Quapropter verè finis eſt ipſa ſpecies, & forma <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> ſeparata, quæ mouet efficiens ad <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="agẽdũ">agendum</expan> ob incuſſum eius pręſentiæ <expan abbr="deſideriũ">deſiderium</expan>, in qua poſita eſt ſpeciei ſalus, ex propagatione verò <pb pagenum="401"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2521"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deducitur. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt quoniam maximè ſeparata, ſit optima: malum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omne à materia proficiſci<lb></lb>tur, & priuatione quæ tale cauſſarum genus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> attingunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>., quòd optima maximè appe<lb></lb>tatur; ſit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> maximè actu, quamobrem & maximè mouere poſsit. </s> <s>At quo pacto motus à tali ge<lb></lb>nere cauſſæ pręſtatur; iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> audiuimus efficiens elargiri materiæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ ſua ipſius eſt, <expan abbr="gene-rimq́">gene<lb></lb>rimque</expan>. 2. libro didicimus, à fine <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſic proficiſci motum, vt ab ipſo ſit; vnde etiam in explica<lb></lb>tione motus eiuſmodi cauſſæ genus <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> comprehenſum fuerit. </s> <s>At non id in præſentia ve<lb></lb>ſtigatur: verùm potius illud inquiritur; vnde moueatur efficiens ad hoc agendum: in eo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primo <lb></lb>virtus, & efficacia finis elucet. </s> <s>Ad hoc igitur ita dicerem, efficiens id expetere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> velle, vt ea for<lb></lb>ma ſit quam habet, quæ verè eſt ſui ipſius boni deſiderium. </s> <s>Quoniam verò in ipſo talis forma <lb></lb>eſt, tanquàm in indiuiduo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic perpetuò conſeruari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, eam neceſſe eſt in alio cupiat eſſe; <lb></lb>hinc efficienti vis data eſt, vt alteri ſuam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> largiatur, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>efficientis perfectio conſiſtit vni<lb></lb>uerſa pullulans à natura formæ quæ per ſe bona eſt, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam poteſtati & materiæ, quæ <lb></lb>per ſe ſingularis eſt, <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> poteſt, vnde etiam anteà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, formam, dum ſe alteri vult ex<lb></lb>hibere, degenerare in efficiens, vt non aliter de efficiente noſtro <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> ſit, quàm de cœlo teſta<lb></lb>tus eſt ſapientiſsimus AEſchylus (tametſi in eo genere <expan abbr="agentiũ">agentium</expan> <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> aliter ſe habere <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> doce<lb></lb>bimus) quaſi quae <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus amet terra arida <expan abbr="cũr">cur</expan> ſit, irrigari, <expan abbr="q̃">quam</expan> <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> irrigare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> inquit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2519"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2520"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2521"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἐρα μὲν ἁγνὸς οὐρανὸς ερῶσαι χθόνα</foreign>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2522"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2522"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>in eo verò non eſt ea forma in quo ipſam eſſe exoptat. </s> <s>Ita igitur id quod ab efficiente exoptatur, <lb></lb>& à quo mouetur <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, actu eſt, cùm ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma ſimpliciter quam <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> habet in ſe ipſo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm quia in ſeipſo indiuiduam habet quæ <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> ſuppleat, vult ipſam in alio in quo non <lb></lb>eſt: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam id appetit quod non eſt, quia vult eſſe in alio id quod in alio non eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>tamen id quod mouet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> appetitur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſed non eſt ita, vt ipſam eſſe vult efficiens, <expan abbr="videturq́">videturque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>in hac re natura non ſecus agere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſagax <expan abbr="ſolerſq́">ſolerſque</expan>. </s> <s>mercator, qui rem familiarem tueri cupiens, <lb></lb>cùm pecuniæ <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> Antuerpiæ poſsidens, <expan abbr="bellorumq́">bellorumque</expan>. </s> <s>pericula reformidans, Romam <expan abbr="verſurã">verſuram</expan> <lb></lb>faciat, mouent ipſum ſanè theſauri quos iam poſsidet, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ipſe conſeruationi ſtudet, ſed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <lb></lb>Antuerpiæ periclitantur, eos eſſe vult, vbi non ſunt, vt ibi ſaluentur, ſic deſiderium rei quam ha<lb></lb>bet, excitat illum ad <expan abbr="faciẽdam">faciendam</expan> verſuram, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habet appetitus impellit: eos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Romæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habet, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>verſuram facit, vt Romæ ſint. </s> <s>Idem efficiens materiæ formam offert, & per an<lb></lb>tecedentes affectiones (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iam voco <foreign lang="grc">διαθέσεις</foreign>, ſeu <foreign lang="grc">παρασκεὺας</foreign>) iniicit item illi deſiderium <lb></lb>formæ, quo fit, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam materia cupiat id quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſed ita appetat, quia velit in ſe habe<lb></lb>re eam formam quæ præceſsit in efficiente, ipſa verò non dum obtinuit. </s> <s>huic reſpondens alter <arrow.to.target n="marg2523"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mercator Romę <expan abbr="cõmorans">commorans</expan>, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>pecuniarum cupidus & egens eas quæ ſunt Antuerpiæ, apud <lb></lb>ſe eſſe volens, vbi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt adæquat materiam quæ ſibi adeſſe vult formam quam in efficiente ex<lb></lb>peritur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſic ſimpliciter <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> mouentur ab eo quod eſt: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> cauſſæ mouenti <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ac<lb></lb>cidit, ſiue efficiens ſit, ſiue finis, & hoc modo motus ab <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> cauſſa proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Ea poſtmodùm <lb></lb>eſt differentia, quòd finis per efficiens mouet, efficiens verò per ſe: tum etiam quae efficiens abſolu<lb></lb>tè mouet, vt eſt: finis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu quidem eſt, ſed ita mouet, vt aliter ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> nunc eſt. </s> <s>At verò quo<lb></lb>niam non eſſe, & aliter eſſe ac nunc ſit, eo fundatur, quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habet, ſed habiturum eſt, quod eſt <lb></lb>materia, qua priuatio nititur, ideò finis per ſe præſtò <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan> materiæ, <lb></lb>propterea motus ab illo <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> tanquam ab eo quod ſit, proficiſcitur, & vt in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> exemplo per<lb></lb>ſtemus: ſicuti mercator ille Romam facit verſuram, vt <expan abbr="cõſeruet">conſeruet</expan> theſauros ſuos, ac ſi eos ſeruari <lb></lb>poſſe crederet Antuerpiæ, non faceret, & demum ita facit ab ipſis pecuniis quas habet, impulſus, <lb></lb>quæ ſolùm Romæ <expan abbr="cõſeruantur">conſeruantur</expan>, &, vt quæ alibi ſunt, ibi ſint, vbi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt, vt ipſę ſint, & pecuniæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> per ſe ſunt, ipſe non tum poſsidens, eas poſsidere ſtudet; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> mouetur <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> gratia ſcribit, <lb></lb>iubet, & ea <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> facit <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quorum auxilio tuto poſsidere liceat, ſic efficit prorſus ipſa natura. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2524"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Proptereà per ſcineſt talis motus in efficiente & materia ab eo, quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, quia non ſibi eſt, ſim<lb></lb>pliciter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, & per ſe ab eo quod eſt, & ab eo quod non eſt, ob eum finem, non vt ipſe ſit, ſed vt <lb></lb>non habens obtineat id quod eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Pariq́">Parique</expan>. </s> <s>gradu procedunt agentia <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan>, quoniam habent in ſe<lb></lb>ipſis formam; cognitam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> animantia; incognitam verò inanima: <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>primùm obiiciunt <lb></lb>materiæ, & per antecedentes affectiones <expan abbr="imprimũtur">imprimuntur</expan> ipſi, vt quæ anteà cognita fuerat animanti, <lb></lb>velut artifici, forma ligni euadat, quæ ſanè <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> imprimeretur, erat finis; imprimitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in ma<lb></lb>teria <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, verùm ſine materia, quia nihil ab efficiente & fabro ſecedit, quod valeat ad amplifi<lb></lb>candam <expan abbr="lignorũ">lignorum</expan> materiam, ſed forma, & ſpecies ab illo per motum exiſtit in materia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2525"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus in quo forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſcientia eſt, mouet manus, aut aliud <expan abbr="membrũ">membrum</expan>, motu certæ qualitatis aut <lb></lb>diuerſo, à quibus efficitur diuerſum, vel <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, à quibus idem: manus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="inſtrumentaq́">inſtrumentaque</expan>. </s> <s>mate<lb></lb>riam mouent, & <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> non tribuitur materiæ multitudo, verùm perfectio. </s> <s>Cęterùm diuerſa <lb></lb>eſt motio quæ fit ab arte; ab ea quæ fit à natura. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ſubiectum artis ad eam formam, neque <lb></lb><expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> habet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> appetitum; <expan abbr="vtrumq.">vtrumque</expan> eſt in materia naturali. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id quod ex doctrina <lb></lb>Plotini profeſſus eſt Marſilius noſter, ab eo diſſonat, quod ſuprà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Ita enim quærit ipſe. <pb pagenum="402"></pb>“Dic age cum finis ipſe cęteras moueat cauſſas: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>omnes quodammodo antecedat, vt in arte <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2526"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="conſilioq́">conſilioque</expan>. </s> <s>apparet, vbínam finis in natura præcedit, ad quem naturalia deſtinantur? </s> <s>Sanè cùm <lb></lb>in materia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> præcedat, antecedit in motore materię.” Quamobrem gaudeo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mihi ipſe, <lb></lb>quod hæc cogitans cum tanto viro conſenſerim de modo quo moueat finis. </s> <s>Hinc ſoluitur illa du<lb></lb>bitatio quæ de materia propoſita eſt: quemadmodum appetat id quod nondum experta eſt, & <lb></lb>vt bonum certum cum incerto commutet. </s> <s>experitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum in efficiento beneficio præuiæ affe<lb></lb>ctionis, & iam appetit id quod ſimpliciter bonum eſt, & idcirco ſibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> futurum eſt bonum; <lb></lb><expan abbr="iſq́">iſque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt ordinatus naturæ progreſſus, vt quæ ſimpliciter bona ſunt, etiam ſingulis bona <expan abbr="reddãtur">reddantur</expan>, <lb></lb>non aliter <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iis, qui bona valetudine fruituri ſunt: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliud parat medicus, quàm vt quæ ſa<lb></lb>lubria ſunt ſimpliciter, illis quos ipſe curat, ſalubria <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> euadant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idq́">Idque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt parate ſcientiam, vt <lb></lb>ea quæ ſimpliciter nota ſunt, nobis <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nota fiant. </s> <s>Sed pergamus ad reliqua.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2523"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2524"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2525"></margin.target>a 1. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2526"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine eorum quę diſponuntur à fine, & quemadmodum afficiat ſpeciatim <lb></lb>ipſe finis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVEMADMODVM finis excitat agens ad præſtandum ſuum munus, ita etiam illi ſup<lb></lb>peditat actiones & inſtrumenta deinceps, quorum auxilio ſeipſo potiatur; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſic inter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2527"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe connexa & copulata ſunt, vt id antecedat, ſine quo conſequens effici non poſsit, & tale conſe<lb></lb>quatur, quale <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ex illo erumpere. </s> <s>inde admirabilis ille <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> nexus in natura quo non mo<lb></lb>do hoc poſt hoc, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hoc ex hoc perpetua <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> neceſsitate exoriri conſpicimus, id quod <lb></lb>alias docebimus eſſe fatale, & multò fuſius exponemus, ſi ad <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> illam, qua D. O. M. hęc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>regit, vnquam peruenerimus. </s> <s>Hæc verò vniuerſa in ſuo genere <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> fiunt optabilia tum effi<lb></lb>cienti, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materiæ: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & medicamenti potio cęteroquin amariſsima, finis euadit, & eligi<lb></lb>tur a medico ſimul, & ab ægre; ab illo quidem tanquam <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan>; ab hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> veluti recu<lb></lb>peratur: differunt tamen, quae finis eſt per ſe & propter ſe expetendus; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> at reliqua propter <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> expe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2528"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuntur: hic eſt ſimpliciter finis; illa ſimul inſtrumenta, vel opera ſunt, & finis: nam ſi cum præ<lb></lb>cedentibus <expan abbr="cõferantur">conferantur</expan>; habentur vt fines; ſi verò cum ſequentibus opera ſunt, & inſtrumenta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mouentur tamen <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, & à virtute <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> aguntur, & ad <expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan> finem pro ipſius appetitu di<lb></lb>riguntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi finis ipſe eſt à quo ſumitur <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> occaſio motus; at efficiens illud eſt quod <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>poſtmodo diſponit <foreign lang="grc">ὑλικῶς</foreign> & materialiter, & per ſe ſenſiles qualitates, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> reipſa mouet ſin<lb></lb>gulis exhibens ſuas formas, nec <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſecundùm intentionem (vt generali modo exprimam id <lb></lb>quod peculiare eſt animantium, propter appetitus analogiam) ſed efficiendo & tranſmutando <lb></lb>materiam. </s> <s>Et licet <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> dirigi à fine dicantur; id remotè prorſus euenit, & ſecundùm formam, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2529"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀδικῶς</foreign>, hoc eſt, ſine <expan abbr="cõmunicatione">communicatione</expan> ſenſilis qualitatis, aut abſoluto quopiam motu, & non ſine <lb></lb>interuentu <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan>, vt poſteà narrabimus. </s> <s>proximè verò ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>, quanquam ad illum finem <lb></lb>diriguntur. </s> <s>Hinc factum eſt, vt finis non propriè, ſed metaphoricè mouere dicatur. </s> <s>Me verò per<lb></lb>ſuadet ob eam cauſſam dici finem mouere metaphoricè <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> differentia ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſo allata inter fi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2530"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem & efficiens. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, effectrix cauſſa, vt vnde principium motus, cuius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> gratia non ef<lb></lb>fectrix, niſi ſecundùm tranſlationem: Etenim faciens, cùm actu fuerit, fit aliquid ipſum patiens: <lb></lb>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verba illa vertenda ſunt. <foreign lang="grc">καί γὰρ τοῦ μὲν ποιοῦντος ὁταν ὑπάρχῃ γιγνεταί τι τὸ πάσχον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"><lb></lb>ὁταν</foreign>.ſ. <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ποιοῦν ὑπάρχῃ</foreign>. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouet efficiens, fit aliquid per <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> exceptam in eo, quod <lb></lb>ſit: at finis non ita mouet, vt aflerat <expan abbr="perturbationẽ">perturbationem</expan> & formam, ſed ſuſcitat <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> proximè, mox <lb></lb>ſubiectum per affectiones præuias; ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> ſeſe inſinuat in materiam, cuius ſignum, quae habi<lb></lb>tibus in materia poſitis ceſſat <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus, & cùm ſine materia moueat id quod iam eſt in materia; <lb></lb>ex hoc efficitur, vt finis <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> quandam pręſeferat, actiones <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & inſtrumenta <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> <lb></lb>finita ſint, quodammodo infinita. </s> <s>Nam finis omnibus <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſt, quamobrem reliqua omnia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2531"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terminat, ipſe nullo terminatur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò finis & infinitum prorſus repugnare videntur, <lb></lb>quia finis, cùm ſit terminus; etiam in ſeipſo, & vt dici <expan abbr="cõſueuit">conſueuit</expan>, formaliter habet <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> finitatis, <lb></lb>vt eam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cęteris <expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> poſsit; infinitum ita interpretabimur ad id quod ipſius appe<lb></lb>titu ducitur, poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appeti in infinitum; infinitum etiam, vbi <expan abbr="effectionẽ">effectionem</expan> reſpiciat, quæ obitur in <lb></lb>ſingularibus. </s> <s>Nam quam maximè artes, vt inde <expan abbr="exẽplum">exemplum</expan> mihi petam; cupiunt illum comparare, <lb></lb>vt medicina <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan>, & ſpecies quam ſibi proponunt, abſolutiſsima eſt, quia citra materiam opera<lb></lb>tur in mente, proinde nulla materiæ labe <expan abbr="cõtaminata">contaminata</expan> <expan abbr="pulchritudinẽ">pulchritudinem</expan> ſuam numeris omnibus par<lb></lb>tibus quàm <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> nobis oſtentat: at quæ immutant, & per quæ immutant, vt inſtrumenta, & <lb></lb>quæ accipiunt, propter materiæ <expan abbr="contagionẽ">contagionem</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> varietatem <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> illam quam expetunt <expan abbr="pulchritu-dinẽ">pulchritu<lb></lb>dinem</expan> conſequentur, & longè admodum ab illa ſpecie diſcedent, in quam ab initio contendebant, <lb></lb>vt, ſi liceat hìc digredi tantiſper, idem tibi monſtrare poſsim in natura ex eo quod in arte ponitur <lb></lb>iſtic. </s> <s>Nam quo <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> melior artifex eſt, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis in operibus immoratur aliquid ſemper <lb></lb>animaduertens quod in eo deſiderari queat. </s> <s>Hinc <expan abbr="plerumq.">plerumque</expan> illa, quæ ſine diuturnis lucubratio<lb></lb>nibus ex auctorum manibus excidêre; cum ipſis intereunt. </s> <s><pb pagenum="403"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2532"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2527"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2528"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2529"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2530"></margin.target>b 2. de Ge. <lb></lb>T. 55.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2531"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2532"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Non leuis aſcenſus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (inquit Caſsius) <emph type="italics"></emph>ſiquis petat ardua; ſudor</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Plurimus hunc tollit: nocturno ex ſomnis oliuo</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Immoritur; delet, quod mox laudauerit in ſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Qui cupit æternę donari frondis honore<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Vt enim Græco ſenario fertur.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἀμαθια μὲν θράσος, λογισμὸς δ' ὄκνον φέρει</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hæc olim placuere Platoni; vnde cùm M. Tullius hauſiſſet; ſuum illum oratorem informauit, <lb></lb>qualis fortaſſe nemo fuit: non enim quęrebat quis eſſet, ſed quid foret illud quo nihil poſſet eſſe <lb></lb>præſtantius: habebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> animo <expan abbr="cõceptam">conceptam</expan> eloquentię formam, quæ <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> oculis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> auribus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>vllo ſenſu percipi poſſet, ſed cogitatione tantum & <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> teneretur; qua nihil pulchrius excogi<lb></lb>tari valeret, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & his quæ ſub ſenſum cadunt; excogitare tamen licet pulchriora. </s> <s>An'ne Bo<lb></lb>narrotius noſter, cùm Dauidis, aut Noctis <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> faceret, aliquem <expan abbr="contẽplabatur">contemplabatur</expan>, vt ex eius ore <lb></lb>quaſi <expan abbr="imaginẽ">imaginem</expan> exprimeret? </s> <s>an ipſius in mente in ſedebat ſpecies pulchritudinis eximia quædam, <lb></lb>quam intuens, in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>defixus ad illius <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> artem <expan abbr="manumq́">manumque</expan>. </s> <s>mouebat? </s> <s>etenim vt verbis <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>vtar. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γὰρ παράδειγμα δεῖ ὑπερέχειν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>exemplar excellat oportet. </s> <s>Eodem planè mo<arrow.to.target n="marg2533"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do M. Tullius perfectæ eloquentiæ ſpeciem animo videbat, auribus quærebat effigiem. </s> <s>Hęc illa <lb></lb>forma eſt, non extra ſingula, ſed quæ ratione & intelligentia continetur, & ſemper vno & eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2534"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem ſtatu conſeruatur: cętera quæ ex illa oriuntur, occidunt, fluunt & collabuntur: ad eius nor<lb></lb>mam vniuerſarum <expan abbr="methodorũ">methodorum</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> dirigitur. </s> <s>Hoc ergo ſummum, & optimum ab eo propter mate<lb></lb>riæ fluxum miris modis deflecti <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>, quod artifices cognoſcentes moroſi ſunt, nec facilè in<lb></lb>uenire poſſunt, quid illis ſatisfaciat, vt quanuis vnus Demoſthenes inter omnes in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> dicendi ge<lb></lb>nere emineret; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemper tamen aures Ciceronis impleret: ita erant auidæ & capaces, & ſemper <lb></lb>aliquid immenſum <expan abbr="infinitumq́">infinitumque</expan>. </s> <s>deſiderabant. </s> <s>Nec ſatis audio Plinium Apellis auctoritatem ap<lb></lb>probantem, qui cum Protogenis opus immenſi laboris & nimiæ diligentiæ contemplaretur, vbi <lb></lb>cętera non ſine magna admiratione perſecutus fuiſſet, hoc vno ſe præſtare dixerit, quae aliquando <lb></lb><expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> de tabula tollere ſciret, quaſi memorabili præcepto mouere voluiſſet nimium argutam ſe<lb></lb>dulitatem nonnunquam eſſe damnoſam. </s> <s>Verè enim illa enunciata fuiſſe.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2533"></margin.target>a poet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2534"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Οῦποτε ποιήσεις τὸν καπκίνον ὀρ θὰ βαδιζεν</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Οὔ δ' ἀπὸ τῶ πραγθέντι ποιήσεις ὡπερον οὐδὲν</foreign>.</s> <s> quod eſt.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ambulet vt cancer rectà haud effeceris vnquàm</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nec quicquam efficies vbi res erit ante peracta<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2535"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2535"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Niſi id ſibi forte voluerint vitam eſſe breuem, artem verò longam. </s> <s>quare ſatius fore, ſiquid exi<lb></lb>ſtat, quodcunque illud ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> appareat. </s> <s>Sed eò redeamus, vnde digreſsi ſumus. </s> <s>Finis <lb></lb>per ſe finitus eſt; ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſunt in ſpecie certa cum efficiens, tum materia: cęteroqui nulla præce<lb></lb>pta tradi poſſent in artibus. </s> <s>Veruntamen vbi opus executuri ſimus, tum ibi maxima infinitas eſt, <lb></lb>& plurimum eius quod nos ab optato diuertat: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſingulare, in quo vires ſuas non rarò exer<lb></lb>cent caſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> fortuna. </s> <s>Proinde quando certa ſanitas adipiſcenda eſt, cùm huic, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc ſani<lb></lb>tas adipiſcenda ſit, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> certis hiſce remediis, hiſce operibus actionibus, & hiſce tempo<lb></lb>ribus parari debebit, quæ <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> infinita ſunt, & admirandis obnoxia varietatibus, ſed ex <lb></lb>hypotheſi finis ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc eſt <expan abbr="accõmodanda">accommodanda</expan> materies. </s> <s>is verò manet immobilis: quare illò ten<lb></lb>dimus quouis <expan abbr="inſtrumẽto">inſtrumento</expan>, & quauis actione vtamur, modò <expan abbr="cõſequi">conſequi</expan> valeamus, vt ſi pro fine rem <lb></lb>habeat; rem facias, ſi poſsis, rectè, ſi non; <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo rem. </s> <s>Ex quo non finis ipſius varietas <lb></lb>ſed eorum eſt quæ inſtituuntur in finem, <expan abbr="finiſq́">finiſque</expan>. </s> <s>varietas in eo ſolùm poſita eſt, quae hoc mihi nunc <lb></lb>bonum, aliàs aliter habeatur, ſed <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> bonum iudicatum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conſtitutum, & appetitum; id <lb></lb>prorſus immutabile manet, & certum. </s> <s>His itidem efficiens ipſum terminatur, & tantum efficit, <arrow.to.target n="marg2536"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>prouehitur, quantum præſentium rerum conditio tolerat: nunquam enim ſutor, quanuis <lb></lb>optimus, ex malo panno & inepto acu bonum ſagum conſuet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2536"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Conueniant'ue in eidem indiuiduo ad idem mobile finis & efficiens. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANVIS autem ſit ratio finis quam nos anteà deſcripſimus, eum .ſ. </s> <s>non mouere per im<lb></lb>preſſam <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, nec alterando, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> afferendo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc modo ab efficiente ſeiu<lb></lb>getur: tamen & multiplex eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> finis, & varias habitudines admittit, ſiquidem finis ſæpè in ma<lb></lb>teria collocetur; <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> materia ſit expeditus; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuſcitet, & agat efficiens, necnon deſide<lb></lb>rium ſubiecto <expan abbr="cõmoueat">commoueat</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel expers materiæ ſit, vel etiam materia <expan abbr="coneretũ">coneretum</expan>: efficiens item <lb></lb>vel naturale, vel animatum. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ſingula peculiare aliquid apportent, & magni momen<lb></lb>ti; nos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de iis cùm cura & diligentia diſſeremus. </s> <s>Facilis verò eſt explicatu modus quo finis à <lb></lb>materia ſeparatus <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> conſimile moueat: eſt enim & <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> & mobile eſſentia ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& cùm eſſentia per ſe ſit <expan abbr="intelligẽda">intelligenda</expan> & optabilis, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſariò mouet appetitum & <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <pb pagenum="404"></pb>omnem <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> efficięntis excludens, cùm proximè ex illis vnum fiat, indiuiduè, & per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2537"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm creat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> corpus cęleſte, <expan abbr="noſtraq́">noſtraque</expan>. </s> <s>ſententia ſit ille motus, vt animati, in quo præter <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> flagi<lb></lb>tatur efficiens: hic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratio variatur, cùm nec proximè motus à fine procedat, & ille duplex <lb></lb>ſit, vt in cęteris, metaphoricus .ſ. </s> <s>& verè motus. </s> <s>Si verò ſubjectum ſit materia ſenſilis; iam <expan abbr="cõſtuit">conſtuit</expan> <lb></lb>finem ſui deſiderio <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> afficere per efficiens, & ope affectionum pręuiarum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita per cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ interuentum, <expan abbr="ſubiectiq́">ſubiectique</expan>. </s> <s>mutationem; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> hoc etiam duobus modis eſſe contingit, vel quae ex <lb></lb>materia, & fine, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> forma fiat vnum quod in generatione ſuccedit, vel per <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan> ſolùm, <lb></lb>vt cùm palea mouetur ad ſuccinum; hinc principia <foreign lang="grc">συμπαθείας</foreign> alteratione præcedente citra ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ labem ſi iuuet, & huic oppoſitæ <foreign lang="grc">ἀντιπαθείας</foreign>, ſi noceat; etenim & hic eſt finis & bonum <lb></lb>noxia declinare. </s> <s>Verùm ſi efficiens excitandum ſit, nec vlla profectò cauſſa intercedit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Mu<lb></lb>tatio; niſi fortè tranſitus ex actu primo in ſecundùm, ſed eſſentia ipſa quę ſuapte natura bona eſt, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="cõmunicabilis">communicabilis</expan>; proximè agit, & ſuſcitat efficiens quod item ſuapte natura <expan abbr="cõtendit">contendit</expan> in finem: <lb></lb>proinde ſemper habet tale deſiderium, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>natura dedit illi vim quę ſemper in promptu ſit ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="immutandã">immutandam</expan> materiam, vbi præſtò fuerit, quæ primò poſita eſt in forma, deinde in inſtrumentis; <lb></lb>ſunt verò actus patibilium, & actuoſarum qualitatum: at quoniam habet <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. </s> <s>nec quod habe<lb></lb>tur optatur; non habetur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in hac, vel illa materia, ſic efficitur, vt eſſentia commoneat quidem <lb></lb>efficiens, ſed cum ea <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>, vt ſit in aliena materia, optat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod habet alteri exhibere: qua<lb></lb>propter hoc modo finis eſt cauſſa externa & longè diſtat à natura, quę eſt principium eius in quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2538"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, primò & per ſe. </s> <s>Proptereà vis efficientis in eo <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>, vt immutet materiam; finis autem, vt <lb></lb>obiiciat <expan abbr="ſuĩ">ſuim</expan> <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan>, <expan abbr="motuiq́">motuique</expan>. </s> <s>ſuccedat, ſiue cum <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto veluti forma copuletur, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="appropinquationẽ">appropinquationem</expan>, velut in coniunctione maris & fœminæ. </s> <s>Proinde in materia <expan abbr="cõſtantibus">conſtantibus</expan> <lb></lb>idem ſanè eſt ſubiectò, ſola <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſegregatur, quoad <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> affert perfectionem, & bonum eſt mouet <lb></lb>vt finis, vt <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan> verò cum qualitatibus actuoſis & patibilibus illud dico mouere, vt <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>; <lb></lb>nec prohibere quominus ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſubiectum <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> habitudinem præſeferat quæ ſanè eſt habitu<lb></lb>do naturæ, & <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt animatis cum inanimis, vt ab hoc .ſ. </s> <s>moueatur, & <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> gratia, quod <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>, <lb></lb>quatenus. </s> <s>ſibi ipſi <expan abbr="cõparat">comparat</expan> id quod mouetur, externum optimo iure prædicatur, ſiue per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <lb></lb>coniungitur, ſeu per <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan>, velut in iis etiam, in quibus ipſe finis extrinſecus eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex ap<lb></lb>petente, & appetendo fit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, quemadmodum ex materia & forma, velut ex mare, & fœmina, <lb></lb>diuitiis, & auaro, palea & ſuccino, vbi appetens & appetendum non conueniunt in ſubiecto, nec <lb></lb>vnum reapſe fiunt, ſed tantummodo per <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan> ſine contactum, <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo in his mani<lb></lb>feſtè apparet affectionum fine coniuncta: agit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> me, <expan abbr="vtitq́">vtitque</expan>. </s> <s>videndo fœmina. </s> <s>Cęterùm hoc eſt <lb></lb>animalis proprium quae in eiuſmodi formæ energia duplex affectio ſpectari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vnde <expan abbr="efficẽtia">efficentia</expan> du<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2539"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plex iudicetur; prima quidem <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> corripiatur, vt finis: nam calor primò afficit corpus, deinde <lb></lb>iucundus hyeme reputatur; altera verò, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> iucundum calorem experti ſumus, vbi ad eum <lb></lb><expan abbr="conſequẽdum">conſequendum</expan> mouemur: in illa prima energia (de hac <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nunc agendum eſt) perſpicuè functio <lb></lb>finis efficientis functioni ſuccedit, vt in natura: prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corpus à calore tentatur, & tùm eſt effi<lb></lb>ciens, deinde quod tentauit corpus, bonum malumúe iudicatur, & ibi iam eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> finis. </s> <s>Quapro<lb></lb>pter functio finis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt inducere <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, ſed in inductá extare, quae ſi inductam reperitet, ſolùm <lb></lb>moueret vt finis, <expan abbr="nulloq́">nulloque</expan>. </s> <s>efficiente opus eſſet quod <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> inferret, ſed eius præſentia excita<lb></lb>ret appetitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hunc in modum mouet vt forma ſeparata à materia, quia per ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> afficit: <lb></lb>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iam proprium eſt patibilium <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>, & formarum, quatenus in materia ſubſiſtunt (agunt <lb></lb>enim ſic materialiter) quæ tum propriè <expan abbr="efficiẽtia">efficientia</expan> dicuntur. </s> <s>At verò eſt altera <expan abbr="obiectorũ">obiectorum</expan> energia, <lb></lb>quæ iam animalis ipſius eſt propria, cùm primùm accepta eſt, & tanquam bona maláue iudica<lb></lb>ta, ſiue iucunda vel noxia, <expan abbr="demumq́">demumque</expan>. </s> <s>ab appetitu, aut approbata, aut repudiata, cùm in phantaſia <lb></lb>conſtiterit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> afficit ſubiectum non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> anteà faceret, ſolùm differens à ſeipſa, quae vbi <lb></lb>prius vniuocè efficiebat, cùm adhuc in materia perſeueraret; degenerat in entelechiam; proptereà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2540"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quae etiam tum retinet vires eius cuius eſt ſpecies, ſigno ſpes eſt, & illi oppoſita deſperatio, quæ ſpi<lb></lb>ritum <expan abbr="ſanguinemq́">ſanguinemque</expan>. </s> <s>conturbant; cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> de re futura exiſtant. </s> <s>Igitur afficientia ſicut prius ſenſo<lb></lb>ria boni maliúe <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> adducunt; quare & hoc <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> motum ſubſequitur, exin' <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> finis exiſtit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etiam ſpeciei conceptæ facultas affert alium <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> quippe quae efficiens motum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> inordina<lb></lb>tum in primo ſenſoriò ſuſcitat ad <expan abbr="proſecutionẽ">proſecutionem</expan> & fugam: attamen verè <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> facere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dicitur; <lb></lb>ſed creat illud incitamentum quod <foreign lang="grc">ὁρμὴν</foreign> Græci, noſtri vocant impulſum, quod eſt principium <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> motùs, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus, nec principium ſanè, quae ſit primum eſſe motus, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> datur eſſe <lb></lb>primum in ſucceſsiuis, ſed <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> rei in toto illo munere, ex quo pendet motus in animali, quod <lb></lb>eſt, vt verbis Ariſtotelis vtar ex 3. Eth. c. 8. <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ θυμοῦ ἔγερσις</foreign>, quę poſita eſt in prima illa <expan abbr="cõmotio-ne">commotio<lb></lb>ne</expan> primi ſenſorij quæ fit à ſpecie, de qua etiam Plato Timęo, vbi dicitur cor quaſi ſalire appro<lb></lb>pinquantibus grauibus malis, & illud fortè.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2537"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2538"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2539"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2540"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>-<emph type="italics"></emph>Refugiat timido ſanguen <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> exalbeſcat metu<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> animus ſubinde, ſeu primum animatum concitat corpus, & tum primum motus exiſtit, <pb pagenum="405"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2541"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quem volumus eſſe animalem, quando etiam affectione illa pręeunte non ſequitur è veſtigio mo<lb></lb>tus. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> tum primùm <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> veri efficientis innouatur, quod ſiue phantaſia fuerit, ſiue mens actuo<lb></lb>ſa imperium obtinuit à natura in ſpecies <expan abbr="cõceptas">conceptas</expan>, ſpiritus & membra, quapropter agitat animal <lb></lb>hoc vel illo modo ad perſecutionem .ſ. </s> <s>& fugam. </s> <s>Proptereà <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> te verteris, finem perpe<lb></lb>tuò per <expan abbr="tranſlationẽ">tranſlationem</expan> mouere per pexeris. </s> <s>Quoniam verò <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> facultati mouenti ſolet ea reſpon<lb></lb>dere, quæ mouetur, ſicut in fine duplex eſt virtus, altera <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vt eſſentiæ, quaſi ſit à materia ſe<lb></lb>creta, quæ ſui ipſius eſt propria, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera materiata comes huius; ita duplex eſt in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> appe<lb></lb>tente materiato facultas, altera quæ materialiter, & propriè patitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ patitur qui<lb></lb>dem, ſed non vt materia, vel corpus, verùm metaphoricè, ea profectò metaphoricè patitur quæ <lb></lb>directò ſpectat <expan abbr="adeptionẽ">adeptionem</expan> finis, & hæc per ſe fini reſpondet, vt in animali; corporea perpeſsione <lb></lb>aſſiciuntur organa; &, ſi tibi placet; ipſi ſenſus; at appetendi facultas patitur à forma & eſſentia; <lb></lb>vt, ſi facultatis appetentis munus ab affectione particulæ ſentientis cogitatione ſeuocari poſſet; <lb></lb>nulla certè affectio corporis antecederet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm eſſentia mentium beatarum prorſus à mate<lb></lb>ria ſit immunis, & cęleſte corpus affici nequeat; nulla præcedit alia conturbatio corporis cęleſtis <lb></lb>muneri facultatum intelligentis & appetentis; ac ſimilis eſt ea mutatio quę primùm exerceri in<lb></lb>cipit in corpore cęleſti, illi motui, qui fit in primo ſenſorio, poſtquàm ſpecies. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr="cõcepta">concepta</expan> fuerit, <lb></lb>& ſicut in nobis <expan abbr="impulsũ">impulsum</expan> creat in primo animato; ſic in prima illa parte in qua ſeſe primùm pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2542"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dit diuina maieſtas, impetum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> in eo corpore ſuſcitat, à noſtro ſanè diuerſum; fateor, eiuſ<lb></lb>modi tamen, vt ipſi pro portione reſpondeat, & ſit non <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan>, ſed conuerſionis initium, quaſi <lb></lb>dieſis in voce. </s> <s>Quocirca negari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin obiecta ſenſuum varia vi polleant, licet diuerſa <lb></lb>ratione, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe qualitates patibiles primi ſignificati; & actu, ſeu virtute vim habent commo<lb></lb>uendi organa; & intus ſpiritus & <expan abbr="ſanguinẽ">ſanguinem</expan>, quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan> diuerſa <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>; ad id credendum me <lb></lb>impulit auctoritas Ariſt. </s> <s>qui docuit <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> facultatis ſine materia, tum verò per<lb></lb>fici id quod accipit <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, vbi cum ea coniungitur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quia fiat aliud ipſum patiens, & <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> materiam tranſmutetur. </s> <s>Nam, quanuis dicatur viſus actu fieri & eſſe color, non ita fit color, <lb></lb>quia tranſeat <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> facta in ſeipſo perturbatione de poteſtate remotiore ad propinquam, & ta<lb></lb>le fit ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, non ſecundùm materiam, hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab efficiente vero præſtatur, cuius duæ <lb></lb>ſunt potiſsimæ <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan>, vt ex vno poteſtatis ordine ſubiectum traducat in alium, & <expan abbr="trãſmutet">tranſmutet</expan> <lb></lb>prætereà ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Verùm ſit hic actus formę; at quae ea ſpecies iucunda ſit, aut mole<lb></lb>ſta, bona, vel mala; hoc iam finis eſt germanum & proprium. </s> <s>ſic ad cognoſcentem, quatenus hu<lb></lb>iuſmodi, eſt forma, ad appetentem eſt finis. </s> <s>Ergo in animali ad materiam ſenſilem erit efficiens, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2543"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad facultatem <expan abbr="cognoſcentẽ">cognoſcentem</expan> forma, ad appetentem finis. </s> <s>At verò cùm geminus ſit appetitus ani<lb></lb>malis .ſ. </s> <s>& naturalis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic quidem vt in <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>, & materia, in hac ingignitur per motum, vel <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan> coniunctionem, vel <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ ſit ex intentione in efficiente naturali, ſic eſt finis, vt alij para<lb></lb>bilis, quod ſubiecto diſtinguatur in animali per <expan abbr="intẽtionem">intentionem</expan> ſolam, quae ſpecies quæ eſt in animo, eſt <lb></lb>imago rei externæ. </s> <s>Inde mihi ſuſpectus eſt locus Auerrois ita dicentis. </s> <s>Balneum extra animum <lb></lb>mouere vt finem, quòd verò eſt in animo, mouere vt efficiens: non, n. </s> <s>mouet id quod extra eſt, vt <lb></lb>finis; niſi concipiatur prius, & animo anticipetur eſſe bonum, vnde fiat expetendum: at tum eſt <lb></lb>in animo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> intra <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> mouet ſimpliciter vt efficiens, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> metaphoricè, quia non <lb></lb>afficit niſi corpus, & in primo ſenſorio facit impulſum ſolùm qui non eſt motus, ſed principium <lb></lb>motus: verùm animus tali ſpecie in formatus, aut primum viuens, ſeu primùm membrum, quod <lb></lb>eſt cor, ſpecie <expan abbr="cõcepta">concepta</expan>, & vt bona indicata ſuſcitatur ad <expan abbr="mouendũ">mouendum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc mouet animal, vt <expan abbr="ef-ficiẽs">ef<lb></lb>ficiens</expan>. </s> <s>id planè verum eſt <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> in animo per ſe finem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe, ſed quatenus eſt ſimulachrum eius <lb></lb>quod extra animum exiſtit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ſpecies, quæ iam tetigit animum: ſit imago rei externę, <lb></lb>& ad animum relata, non ad corpus: alterat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum, quod eſt iam efficientis, hac <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quod ex<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2544"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trà eſt, mouet vt finis. </s> <s>Cùm verò animus ea ſpecie informatus, vel ſenſorium primum ſit primus <lb></lb>auctor motus, quia moueat, vt aſſequatur <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, quod eſt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> efficientis; ita quod intus eſt mouet, <lb></lb>vt efficiens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm ex prima illa parte deſcendat motus qui proprius eſt animalis; idcirco re<lb></lb>ctè dicitur animal eſſe id quod motu cietur interiore. </s> <s>Igitur in cum ſenſum dicta Auerrois acci<lb></lb>piam; ſi tam <expan abbr="grauẽ">grauem</expan> auctorem defendere libeat. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſpeciem à re cuius ſpecies eſt, ſolo <expan abbr="exi-ſtẽdi">exi<lb></lb>ſtendi</expan> modo, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> natura ſeiungi ponamus, quia ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma quæ in primo ſubiecto diuiduè, <lb></lb>& materialiter ineſt, & ex eius actuoſa poteſtate <expan abbr="erũpit">erumpit</expan> in medium, & ab animo accipitur indiui<lb></lb>duè, & <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸκτήτως</foreign> .i. </s> <s>acceſſoriè quod à Gręcorum doctrina non abhorrere puto; ſi etiam ſpecies <lb></lb>habet vim per ſe mouendi quomodocunque; illud defendere licebit (vt addatur interim corol<lb></lb>larium) finem certè non per impreſſam <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> mouere, ſed eſſe ipſammet <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> quę imprimitur, <lb></lb>quæ ab obiecto .ſ. </s> <s>ad animum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> procedit per materię ſocietatem <expan abbr="cõmotura">commotura</expan> ſpiritus & organa, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſeſeq́">ſeſeque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mẽti">menti</expan> obiectura, ac pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> motus appetitui placitura, vt <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> complacita fuerit; animus <lb></lb>retrocedens illò <expan abbr="cõtendat">contendat</expan>, vnde proceſſerit ſpecies, quod <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> eſt, vt cùm eo, quoad licet, co<lb></lb>puletur, vel re, vel intentione. </s> <s>Sic ab externo eſt motus, & externo verè terminatur, ſed non <pb pagenum="406"></pb>ſimpliciter externo, vt vides. </s> <s>Et ſi functio mentis ſola ſpecie non finitur, quemadmodum ſupe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2545"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riore libro docuimus, nec internum ſimpliciter erit id quod cadit in <expan abbr="intelligẽtiam">intelligentiam</expan>; id ſimpliciter <lb></lb>internum, vnde eſt principium motus animalis: non ſpecies ſanè, ſed animus vt dictum eſt, quan<lb></lb>uis non ſine ſpecie, vt etiam, ſi in hoc Auerroi gratificari volueris, ita accipias mouere ſpeciem <lb></lb>quæ intus eſt, vt efficiens: tanquam prædicationem cauſſalem, vt vocant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2541"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2542"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2543"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2544"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2545"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sigillatim docetur vt locus ſit finis, & aliqua de hoc dubitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS hic in latione eſt locus ipſe cuius gratia mouentur ea quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouen<lb></lb>tur: quem aliqui nihil imprimere mobili dicunt. </s> <s>Cęterùm, quia locus aut mathematicè <expan abbr="cõ-ſiderari">con<lb></lb>ſiderari</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, hoc eſt, vt eſt <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> quoddam à ſenſilibus qualitatibus ſecretum quod capit <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <lb></lb>molem corporis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> 4. Phyſ. definitum eſt, extremum corporis continentis, & præci<lb></lb>puè. </s> <s>T. 76. (<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & locum deberi mathematicis, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſunt, teſtatus eſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Ariſtoteles) <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & quoniam ea quæ natura ſunt, ſe habent ex appoſitione ad mathematica, vſurpata <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2546"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>la definitio eſt in phyſicis, aut etiam conſideratur locus cum qualitatibus ſenſilibus, propter quas <lb></lb>in eo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe oppoſitio, hic verò in vniuerſo deſignat <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> diſtantiam à cęlo cuius beneficio va<lb></lb>riis qualitatibus affectus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſanè, quae locus eiuſmodi qualitatibus ſit affectus; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corpo<lb></lb>ris affectiones, non loci; ſed quae mobilia in illa diſtantia tales cęli vires experiantur; itaque mobili <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2547"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fundantur affectiones. </s> <s>Profectò quae locus ille mathematicus nil efficiat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> imprimat vim, abſo<lb></lb>lutè concedimus, ſed alterum hunc negamus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> nihil imprimere, ſiue per ſe, ſeu per accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Teſtis ſit nobis Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui propter locum in aëris media regione refrigerari docuit vapores, vn<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2548"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de pluuiæ concreſcant, & in capite alimentum, vnde ſomnus inducatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quanquam pertinet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2549"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc per ſe & primò ad vires <expan abbr="efficientiũ">efficientium</expan> quæ deſerunt in eo loco materiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eſt terminus <lb></lb>etiam progreſſus <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> virtutis. </s> <s>At, quemadmodum materia quo procedit magis formam ver<lb></lb>ſus, ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab eius appetitu efficacius agi <expan abbr="credendũ">credendum</expan> eſt monſtrante forma propè inſtante, aut ef<lb></lb>ficiente per præuias affectiones illud bonum quo tendit, explicatius: ſic corpora quæ mouentur <lb></lb>per locum, & eò mouentur per naturalem <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan>, & per affectiones à generante inductas, <lb></lb>quaſi ad imminens <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, eò ſuopte nixu properant: ita vt eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, quemadmodum magis po<lb></lb>titur res potentia proxima ad finem & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſic magis affectum ſit ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſuum id quod mo<lb></lb>uetur, quò ſuo loco propinquius eſt, & tum ſe habeat magis ſecundùm naturam: credere <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>oportet <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> eſſe finem, & ita producere motus in corpore naturali, quemadmodum finis. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>id abhorret à placitis Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui non modò oſtendit locum eſſe, ſed quae habet quandam <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2550"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2551"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propter quam fertur <expan abbr="vnumquodq́">vnumquodque</expan>. </s> <s>in ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, niſi prohibeatur: at <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> id præſtare poſſet, niſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> quandam boni præſeferret, ſiue eius quod eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſiue perfectionis, ſiue actu <lb></lb>dum mobile iam ipſo potitur, ſeu virtute pergenerans, quod <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſicut habet in ſe formam ele<lb></lb>menti generandi ſeu virtute, ſiue actu; ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> habet in ſe formam eius quod eſt mobile per ſe, ſi <lb></lb>non primò, ſaltem ſecundò, ex quo tum <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> numeris abſolutum ſit id quod genitum eſt, cùm <lb></lb>proprium locum occupauit, huiuſmodi verò locus iam eſt forma de prædicamento ipſius vbi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà non locus, vt terminus ſimpliciter, non ipſa propenſio ſola mobili incutiunt aliquid, ſed <lb></lb>affectiones quas habet per efficiens à natura loci, imprimunt ipſi <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> qua in ſuum ipſius pro<lb></lb>prium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſe recipiat: hæc verò vniuerſa petitur à participatione virtutis cęleſtis, in iis quæ re<lb></lb>ctà mouentur quæ certa diſtantia clauditur: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt ratio loci ex duobus initiis <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, nempè <lb></lb>affectionibus aliunde accedentibus, vnde efficit aliquid, & perfectione quę per eas affectiones af<lb></lb>fertur, in quo exiſtit <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> finis & boni, cùm beneficio loci & exiſtat id quod generatur, & genitum <lb></lb>conſeruetur. </s> <s>illud per motum efficitur nimirùm per <expan abbr="cõuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan>, hoc tanquam immobilis eſt of<lb></lb>ficium, quaſi ſi hîc ſis, hoc tibi præſtabo: tu me quęre, ſi bonum exoptas. </s> <s>Quocirca iure accuſa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2552"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bimus <expan abbr="Alexandrũ">Alexandrum</expan> qui 1. de cęl. </s> <s>opinatus eſt, loca diſtingui ex corporibus, & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> moueri <expan abbr="deorsũ">deorsum</expan> <lb></lb>quia moueatur ad <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, id <expan abbr="oppugnãte">oppugnante</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>grauiſsima <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, quia ſi terra ad terram moueretur, <lb></lb>eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueretur, vbi ipſa foret, vt ſi in orbe lunę collocaretur, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> neutiquam <expan abbr="cõtinge-ret">continge<lb></lb>ret</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> corpora potius ex locis diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>Quanquam & ipſe Alexander <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> poſteà, quod <lb></lb>hîc nos, aſſeruit lib. 3. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Nal. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At verò & propter ea quæ decreuimus antè, dubitet facilè <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2553"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Si locus eſt finis, ille verò non abeſt ſpatio infinito; falſa fuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>hypotheſis plures non eſſe <lb></lb>mundos approbantis, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> collocetur <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> terra, mouebitur adhoc medium. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>profectò ſi infinitè abſit, non mouebit. </s> <s>quod ſi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ita mouere, nullus eſt fructus Ariſtotelicæ ratio<lb></lb>nis, aut finis per finita ſpatia non diſtabit. </s> <s>Video quoſdam opinari motum iri elementum ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <lb></lb>locum <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> & ſic <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod mouetur ab aliquo tanquam fine, ad ipſum <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> pro<lb></lb>perare; etiam ſi ſpatio diſtet infinito. </s> <s>Sed, vt puto, falſa eſt hypotheſis; eiuſmodi <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, vt aſſumi <lb></lb>queat; proptereaque abſurdum ex illa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inferatur, ſed ex altero aſſumpto, nimirùm quae idem cor<lb></lb>pus ſuapte natura duobus motibus contrariis agitabitur. </s> <s>Ex hoc verò non efficitur, vt finis etiam <pb pagenum="407"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2554"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> vim habeat <expan abbr="cõcitandi">concitandi</expan>, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actio, vt ab efficiente præcedat oportet; ea verò certos ha<lb></lb>bet terminos ſui proceſſus, vt noſti. </s> <s>Sed in eo fortaſſe plus laborandum: <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſe habeat <lb></lb>propenſio illa ad finem, in eo quod tendit ad finem: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> & id ad terminos eius motus <expan abbr="cõſtituen-dos">conſtituen<lb></lb>dos</expan> ſpectat. </s> <s>Mihi verò propenſio ad finem in mobili videtur eſſe duplex, aut iam ex habitu con<lb></lb>tracta, aut per aliquam affectionem inducta. </s> <s>Ac ſi fuerit propenſio iam ex habitu contracta, nem<lb></lb>pe <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> ſit, quantumuis impedita, ſemper ad <expan abbr="eũdem">eundem</expan> finem tendet, & <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> permanet illa <lb></lb>affectio, ſemper eo verget, vbi perficitur: verùm ſi pendeat adhuc ab alio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter id aſſe<lb></lb>uerandum. </s> <s>ſic vapor, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> calidus conſeruatur, aſcendit, vbi deſeritur à calore, <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> item im<lb></lb>petum amittit. </s> <s>Sicut <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in his eſt progreſſus ad finem, vel innatus, vel adſcititius, quid etiam vetat <lb></lb>in aliis idem contingere? </s> <s>Veruntamen id quod <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> iam obtinuit vt ſuum, procedit ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <lb></lb>proprium, & abſolutum, & <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan>, & quo maiore fuerit mole, velocius, nec vnquam per ob<lb></lb>ſtaculum impedientis virtutis <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> amittit, niſi tollat de ſua ipſius propria natura, & hoc <expan abbr="corrũpat">corrumpat</expan>, <lb></lb>aliud <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> gignat: alterum non ita. </s> <s><expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> tamen loco efficientiam adiuuante propter virtu<lb></lb>tem à cęleſti corpore demiſſam, & ita <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> efficientis ſubeunte, & propter eandem facultatem im<lb></lb>partiente <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> propter quam agit iam, vt finis. </s> <s>Quamobrem ex hoc redduntur dialecticę <lb></lb>rationes D. Thomæ quibus probare conabatur, motum ferri à magnete naſcentem, non eſſe tan<lb></lb>quam à fine, quia .ſ. </s> <s>magnes it a moueret, quoniam afficeret ferrum. </s> <s>Poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe vis illa in ferro <lb></lb>inducta à magnete <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>; ſed, quia perfectionem afferat, eſſe vt finis. </s> <s>Iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> concluſum eſt nil <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2555"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prohibere, quominus cum ipſo fine coniuncta ſit facultas afficiendi <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & afferen<lb></lb>di <expan abbr="quampiã">quampiam</expan> formam quæ bona ſit, quippe conſeruatrix naturæ & materiæ; quapropter etiam ap<lb></lb>petitus certi finis & boni inſit in ipſa, qui <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> pari gradu cùm afficiendi facultate procedat, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="vniuſcuiuſq.">vniuſcuiuſque</expan> formæ facultates certis terminis clauduntur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> periodis, nec <expan abbr="vndequaq.">vndequaque</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita facilè propter molem renitentis, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vim ex habitu oppoſito <expan abbr="contractã">contractam</expan>, nec quibuſuis <lb></lb>obſtantibus conſeruetur. </s> <s>Sępius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit, vt impedimenta ſuperari non poſsint. </s> <s>Ac ſimile huic eſſe <lb></lb>experimur: ſiquis ex puellæ pręſentia ad <expan abbr="libidinẽ">libidinem</expan> incitetur. </s> <s>mouetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad illa <expan abbr="potiendũ">potiendum</expan>, & ab ea <lb></lb>ſic agitatur, <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> à fine, ſed <expan abbr="nęq.">nęque</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan>, nec <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan>, nec niſi <expan abbr="affect9">affectus</expan>, & magis à pulchriore <expan abbr="cõmo-uebit̃">commo<lb></lb>uebitur</expan>, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõmouebitur">commouebitur</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, vt Diogenes, aut Xenocrates, quae pro affectione <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab ipſa ſpecie facta <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <expan abbr="sẽſorio">senſorio</expan> primo, vis <expan abbr="appetẽs">appetens</expan> excitata magis minuſúe <expan abbr="afficit̃">afficitur</expan>, & magis minuſúe vt <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> accipit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2546"></margin.target>a 1. de ert.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2547"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2548"></margin.target>b 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2549"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>Somno.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2550"></margin.target>d 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2551"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2552"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2553"></margin.target>e <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> III.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2554"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2555"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ideò tauros procul, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in ſola relegant</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Paſcua, poſt montem oppoſitum, & trans flumina lata<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aut intus clauſos ſatura ad pręſepia ſeruant<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2556"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2556"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Carpit enim vires paullatim, <expan abbr="vritq́">vritque</expan>. </s> <s>videndo</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Fœmina: nec nemorum patitur meminiſſe, nec herbæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dulcibus illa quidem ille cebris, & ſępe ſuperbos</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Cornibus inter ſe ſubigit decernere amantes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ita dantur certi termini & ſpatij, & periodi quibus incuſſę propenſiones, nec dum <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> conuerſę in <lb></lb><expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> retinentur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine opera finis qui in rebus ſenſilibus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> rarò vim habeat <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> <expan abbr="adiũctã">adiunctam</expan>.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sit'ne pręditus locus naturalis qualitatibus ſenſilibus, & quomodo. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM moueat locus vt finis, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>per aliud aliqua efficiendi facultate potiatur, eiuſmodi <lb></lb>tamen, vt perficiat, & conſeruet illa corpora quæ in ipſo locantur, quandò vt aſſerunt me<lb></lb>dici elegantes, & optimi philoſophi, conſeruatio à ſimili præſtetur, quippe cui mutatio quæ fieri <lb></lb>ſolet à <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> maxime repugnet. </s> <s>à contrario verò exuperantia corrigatur; vocat huc nos Auer<lb></lb>roës, & ſiue ipſe qualitates tactiles loco negauerit, ſeu viri homini infenſi tale dogma ex ipſius <arrow.to.target n="marg2557"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verbis expreſſerint, & eius <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> in tam <expan abbr="abſurdã">abſurdam</expan> <expan abbr="ſentẽtiam">ſententiam</expan> torſerint, <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan> diſquirendi præ<lb></lb>bet, ſit'ne vi conſeruandi pręditus locus beneficio <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> tactilis adiunctæ qualitatis, an'ne loci <lb></lb>qualitates fugiant ſenſum. </s> <s>Et quanuis mea quidem ſententia res nulla <expan abbr="cõtrouerſia">controuerſia</expan> digna foret, <lb></lb>eam <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in hac methodo <expan abbr="prętereundã">prętereundam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe iudìcauimus, cùm reſpiciat affectiones corporis na<lb></lb>turalis, & initia motus quæ ſunt noſtri inſtituti, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>locus ille à philoſophis illuſtribus, & pro <lb></lb>Auerroë, & contra ipſum fuerit ſtudioſiſsimè tractatus. </s> <s>Et dubitatio ſanè in de traxit originem, <lb></lb>quia ſenſus tactus in æquali quidam temperie poſitus eſt. </s> <s>Etenim quae animal ex corpore <expan abbr="cõſtabat">conſtabat</expan> <lb></lb>conflatum eſſet ex <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> elementis, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam tactilibus qualitatibus expers eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſet: cùm ſimile à ſimili <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> afficeretur, vt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> formas admitteret; mediocritatem adeptum eſt, <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri potuit, vt cunctas tactilium <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> exuperantias perciperet. </s> <s>Nunc ſi conſeruatio fit <lb></lb>à ſimili, à loco <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naturali fit conſeruatio, ſimilis igitur. </s> <s>Atqui ſimili tactum non mouet, ergo ne<lb></lb>que locus naturalis. </s> <s>Et ſimilem eſſe locum ſecunda <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> confirmatur. </s> <s>Nam ſi aqua, & aër quibus <lb></lb>animalia continentur, iis eſſent <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, prohiberent, quominus contrarias qualitates <expan abbr="perciperẽt">perciperent</expan>, <lb></lb>vtputa, aqua frigida eſt, animal in ea manens calidum. </s> <s>aqua igitur vetaret, ne calorem compre <pb pagenum="408"></pb>henderet, ſed calor ab animali in aqua percipitur, vt ex fuga & perſecutione patet, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2558"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>traria, ſed ſimilis eſt aqua animalibus in ipſa degentibus & hoc poſito tanquam fundamento <expan abbr="co-rollariũ">co<lb></lb>rollarium</expan> additur, aquam non calefieri, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> fuerit aqua pura; verùm ſi calorem in aquis experiatur <lb></lb>animal, is aliunde eſt, nimirùm ex vapore & halitu <expan abbr="cõmiſtis">commiſtis</expan>, quæ per ſe calida ſunt. </s> <s>Ex quo effici, <lb></lb>inquiunt, quae vulgus non dignoſcens <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> alienum, & eum qui alienus eſt, proprium eſſe cenſens, <lb></lb>opinatur frigus aquæ perpetuò <expan abbr="affixũ">affixum</expan> non eſſe, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>frigido aquam non determinari, ſed humi<lb></lb>do duntaxat. </s> <s>in quo etiam placito videtur tacitè notari Alexander qui de aquæ conſtitutione ſic <lb></lb>decreuerit. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſiquis eo pacto dubitauerit: aqua non ſentitur: ergo animal in aqua <lb></lb>non ſentiet; cęterùm ſentit. </s> <s>ita reſpondebimus, aquam non ſentiri planè, ſed corpora quæ in illa <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtinentur">continentur</expan>, vt halitus. </s> <s>Hæc ſumma dictorum Auerrois, quæ vt ritè expendamus, anteà generatim <lb></lb>de loco diſtinguendum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> locum eſſe inter affectiones corporis naturalis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum <expan abbr="quo-modocunq.">quo<lb></lb>modocunque</expan> ſenſus pellere, neminem eſſe puto qui audeat inficiari: nam ſiue, vt terminus & ſu<lb></lb>perficies corporis <expan abbr="cõtinẽtis">continentis</expan>, ſiue etiam, vt terminus motus, ſenſui ſeſe offert, quoniam ſuperficies <lb></lb>per ſe viſilis eſt, licet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine colore, & ex quiete, quæ item ſenſilis eſt, cognoſcitur locus <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> cor<lb></lb>pori naturalis. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt ſermo fiat de ſenſu tactus, & id ſentiat Auerroës, locum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mo<lb></lb>uere ſenſum, & locum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter accipiat, ſed cum materia & qualitatibus eius corporis, cu<lb></lb>ius <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſt, quod item ſiquis nullo pacto ſenſile eſſe putet in ſtirpibus potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inaniman<lb></lb>tibus ſit numerandus. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id vnquam Auerroëm <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> grauiſsimum ſen<lb></lb>ſiſſe arbitrabor, & quanuis aër obiiciatur cuius, quo maior eſt puritas, minus ſentiri videtur, hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2559"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non elementi <expan abbr="corporiſq.">corporiſque</expan> ſimplicis naturę dabitur, ſed eius ingenio, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ob <expan abbr="tenuitatẽ">tenuitatem</expan> qualitates <lb></lb>aëris exigua efficacitate polleant: nam poſtulat tactus <foreign lang="grc">ἀντιτυπιαν</foreign> quandam. </s> <s>At ſi aqua purior <lb></lb>ſit, profectò ſenſum magis afficiet. </s> <s>Ideò vt in meliorem partem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fieri poſsit, eius dicta <expan abbr="accipiãtur">accipiantur</expan> <lb></lb>pro ipſo ſtatuam. </s> <s>Locum aut cum ſentiente conferri, aut cum ſenſu carentibus, quae ſi carentia ſen<lb></lb>ſu reſpiciat, aut locus accipietur qui eſt terminus motus, aut ille qui <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> corpus. </s> <s>Vbi terminus <lb></lb>motus ſtatuatur, equidem ita dicam vt locus, ſiue actu, ſeu virtute, ſimilis ſit illi corpori quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan>: nam terræ locus virtute frigidus & ſiccus eſt, vt terra: quamobrem ibi & terra gini<lb></lb>tur, & optimè genita ſe tuetur. </s> <s>Si verò elementum pro alterius elementi loco ponamus, de ſalu<lb></lb>te diſtinguendum eſt iterum. </s> <s>Etenim ſalus ſpeciei, vel certę accipitur, vt terræ, aut aquæ, vel in<lb></lb>definitè cuiuſuis ſpeciei in qua ſalus vniuerſi manet. </s> <s>Proſectò ſalus indiuidui <expan abbr="certęq́">certęque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpeciei ab <lb></lb>eodem conſeruatur, à quo gignitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>à ſimili vel actu, vel virtute exoritur. </s> <s>At ſpeciei <expan abbr="cu-iuſq.">cu<lb></lb>iuſque</expan> indeterminatè ſalus in natura ſic eſt ordinata, vt locus in vniuerſi ordine <expan abbr="cõueniens">conueniens</expan>, partim <lb></lb>ſimilis, partim contrarius ſit. </s> <s>Similis, vt certam <expan abbr="vicinamq́">vicinamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpeciem propaget, & tueatur: <expan abbr="cõtrarius">contrarius</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2560"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt ex illa gignat eam quæ ſua ipſius eſt propria. </s> <s>Quòd ſi locus naturalis cum animali conferatur, <lb></lb>ita dicemus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſentiri qualitatem elementi <expan abbr="lociq́">locique</expan>. </s> <s>propriam, non quidem ſimpliciter, ſed ab illo ani<lb></lb>mali quod manet in eo ſecundùm naturam, vt ab aquatili aquam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id ſine ea lege, vt ſit, vt <lb></lb>vtar eius verbis, in ſua ſimplicitate conſtitutum. </s> <s>Nam ſi fuerit mixtum propter mixturam & diſ<lb></lb>ſimile eſſe poterit & ſenſum mouere. </s> <s>Mox ſingula exploremus, & quid hæc ſibi velint ſedulò <lb></lb>perpendamus. </s> <s>ac primùm quid ſit illud quod dicitur. </s> <s>ſi fuerit elementum in ſua ſimplicitate <expan abbr="cõ-ſtitutum">con<lb></lb>ſtitutum</expan>, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita accipietur; quae habeat elementum qualitates naturales, & pro natura conuenien<lb></lb>tes, vt aqua ſummam <expan abbr="frigiditatẽ">frigiditatem</expan>, aër <expan abbr="humiditatẽ">humiditatem</expan>, <expan abbr="cõſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> de cęteris corporibus, vt 2. de or<lb></lb>tu decretum eſt. </s> <s>Aut etiam quia ſit corpus ſimplex, nec cum <expan abbr="quoquã">quoquam</expan> alio <expan abbr="cõmixtũ">commixtum</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõfuſum">confuſum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aut tertiò quia tale ſit, quale requirit animal quod in eo loco manet <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam, vt ibi <expan abbr="cõ-modè">con<lb></lb>modè</expan> ſe tueri queat. </s> <s>Sed cùm cogito: non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe corpus ſimplex, quia ſummè ſit tale, vt aqua <lb></lb>ſummè frigida. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mixta ſint animalia, & in mediocritate poſita profectò <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ſentient, <lb></lb>in quo degunt eo quae elementa exuperantiam præſeferent, <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> valebit inſtantia <expan abbr="nr̃a">nostra</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2561"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quanuis detur <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan> cum alio nullo corpore eſſe commixtum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ſummas qualitates <lb></lb>obtinebit, aut <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan>, aut <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan>: hę verò ab eo quod in mediocritate poſitum eſt, facilè ſentiri po<lb></lb>terunt. </s> <s>Quare ſic dicemus elementum eſſe <expan abbr="purũ">purum</expan>, quia ſit conueniens locus iis animalibus quæ il<lb></lb>lius elementi propria ſunt, vt aquatilibus aqua. </s> <s>Fac igitur hunc eſſe ſenſum verborum Auerrois, <lb></lb>mihi difficultatem afferebat id quod in animalibus Ariſt. </s> <s>admonet obſeruandum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ani<lb></lb>malis initia duo ſunt, alterum quod eſt, vt materia, ex qua conſtat corpus ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb></lb>quod eſt, vt habitus & forma, nimirùm natiuus calor, qui ſemper more ſuo fruitur humido, & fu<lb></lb>ligines in corpore creat, cui niſi quapiam euentilatione ſuccurritur, augetur ſupra modum, & de<lb></lb>nique ſuffocatur. </s> <s>Simile tuetur materiam; habitus <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan> flagitat à quo temperetur. </s> <s>Nam ſi, <lb></lb>verbigratia, quippiam ex cera <expan abbr="cõſtituas">conſtituas</expan>, aut plumbo, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> in igni collocabis, etenim liquaretur, <lb></lb>ſed in aqua, & locis frigidis permanebit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ideò notabat Empedoclem Philoſophus, qui <expan abbr="opinaret̃">opinaretur</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2562"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>piſces natura calidiſsimos eſſe, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> degerent in aquis, immo frigida <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> <expan abbr="cõpago">compago</expan> eſt, ideò <lb></lb><expan abbr="manẽt">manent</expan> in aquis. </s> <s>Ergo, <expan abbr="inq̃">inquam</expan> ego, Natura <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt penitus ſimilis, ſed aliqua ex parte <expan abbr="cõtra-ria">contra<lb></lb>ria</expan>, adeſt <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> cauſſa ſenſionis. </s> <s>Tum deinde ſpeculemur <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> <expan abbr="amphibiorũ">amphibiorum</expan>: hęc in diſsimilibus <pb pagenum="409"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2563"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locis vir .ſ. </s> <s>agunt, aqua .ſ. </s> <s>& aëre, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> eſt, calidum <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, & ſentiunt igitur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ſi in vno <expan abbr="verſabunt̃">verſabuntur</expan>, vt in ſimili, in altero <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> diſsimili <expan abbr="verſent̃">verſentur</expan> oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſimilia eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="nequeũt">nequeunt</expan>. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> diſsimilia; <expan abbr="sẽtient">sentient</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> in <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan>. </s> <s>Addo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eo <expan abbr="cõſtituto">conſtituto</expan> quod fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> fit, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> animal in eo loco in quo <expan abbr="natũ">natum</expan> eſt, permanere <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, vt pyricauſtus in <lb></lb>igni. </s> <s>ſentit'ne hoc animal nec'ne? </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="sẽtire">sentire</expan> fatearis; ergo proprij loci <expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan> eſſe poterit. </s> <s>q ſi poſsit <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſentire, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="sẽtiat">sentiat</expan>. </s> <s>hîc <expan abbr="opponã">opponam</expan> ego ſentiendi <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> illi fruſtra <expan abbr="datã">datam</expan> fuiſſe, præſertim <lb></lb>quae naturalius eſt <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> eo loco manere, in quo quid <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> fuerit, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ibi <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan>, vbi <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <lb></lb>elementi, vt 2. de Gen. & 4. Meteor. </s> <s>& 3. de ortu an. docuit Ariſt. </s> <s>At hoc in loco naturali <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="opinãdũ">opinandum</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tu dicere poteris et ſimilis eſſe <expan abbr="sẽsũ">sensum</expan>, vt oppoſitę priuationis. </s> <s>Tum quia <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> <lb></lb>ego <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> eſſe conſimilis in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> animali, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> incolit <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia <expan abbr="credã">credam</expan>, niſi habitus <lb></lb>cognitio pręceſſerit, non cognoſci <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>de <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> inani eſſe <expan abbr="orationẽ">orationem</expan>, nihil de re ipſa <lb></lb>cogitari, aut cognoſci. </s> <s>Multò minus, ſi propter <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan> frigoris & humoris ibi naſci, & viuere <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõcedas">concedas</expan>, vt illa <expan abbr="corrigat̃">corrigatur</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic <expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan> erit <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> proprio loco perſpicuè, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> aderit diſsimilitudo. </s> <s>Multos <lb></lb>ſanè reperi <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> Auerroëm hîc relinquerent, paucos qui pro ipſo <expan abbr="dicerẽt">dicerent</expan>. </s> <s>Vidi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nonnullos ita inter<lb></lb>pretari verba Auerrois, in primis illa <expan abbr="notãtes">notantes</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan> accipi, vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, ſed vt <expan abbr="lo-cũ">lo<lb></lb>cum</expan>, vt arbitror, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſpectari <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> elementi, vt eſt <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, ſed vt reſpicit ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in ipſo <expan abbr="generant̃">generantur</expan>, & <lb></lb>manent. </s> <s>Inſuper <expan abbr="elemẽtũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> accipi <expan abbr="sĩplex">simplex</expan> eo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> quo <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="nr̃a">nostra</expan> cogitatio capit, verùm vt in natura <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2564"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>, vt ſit <expan abbr="aqueũ">aqueum</expan> potius, vt dixit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua & aëreum, ac <expan abbr="terreũ">terreum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra, aut aër. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2565"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> modo <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ſenſile. </s> <s>& hęc ſolutio Ianduno tribuitur in egregiis illis <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃ſtionibus">quaſtionibus</expan> de Anim. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> illud <expan abbr="adiiciã">adiiciam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter ab ipſo <expan abbr="cõcedi">concedi</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſimile">conſimile</expan> fugere <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan>, ſed vix ſentiri, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint abſolutè ſimilia corpora <expan abbr="locãtia">locantia</expan> locatis, ſed quia <expan abbr="patũ">parum</expan> <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> dif<lb></lb>ferant. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tolli <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> de <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quę <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> immutet, vt eius perturbatio <expan abbr="pcipiat̃">pcipiatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>& magis <expan abbr="cõgruè">congruè</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> medici <expan abbr="insẽſilẽ">insenſilem</expan> <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> <expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan>, & <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> <expan abbr="inſenſilẽ">inſenſilem</expan>, quia vix <expan abbr="sẽſu">senſu</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="dignoſcat̃">dignoſcatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="morbũ">morbum</expan>, vbi ſenſiliter officia <expan abbr="lędant̃">lędantur</expan>. </s> <s>At modò videamus oportet <expan abbr="cõſentiant'ne">conſentiant'ne</expan> hęc <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>veritate <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, deinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dictis Auerrois. </s> <s>Ac mihi <expan abbr="q̃dẽ">quadem</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, vt de prima explicatione verba <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="faciã">faciam</expan>, & generatim & ſigillatim <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura diſſentire. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tũ">Tum</expan> quae <expan abbr="elemẽtũ">elementum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãtunuis">quantunuis</expan> ab illa puritate <lb></lb>deflexerit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="illi9">illius</expan> eſt propria & natiua, <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> retineat <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> elementi <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>, <expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> abeſſe <expan abbr="vi-deat̃">vi<lb></lb>deatur</expan> ab illa <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan>, in qua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> manet <expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan>, ſed vita, vt ſi vel paruus à <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan> lapſus ſenſu di<lb></lb>gnoſci poſsit, aliter paucas <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> <expan abbr="tactiliũ">tactilium</expan> <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> noſceremus; <expan abbr="tãtò">tantò</expan> magis ille percipi queat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà in <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan>; vt aqua (ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> ſęcla <expan abbr="gignunt̃">gignuntur</expan>) multę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> ſpecies, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <expan abbr="extãt">extant</expan> varia <expan abbr="tẽperamẽta">temperamenta</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> ergo <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> ſit inter ipſa <expan abbr="temperamentorũ">temperamentorum</expan> diſcrimen, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> igitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2566"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à medio magis recedet <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan> verſus, id poterit <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehẽdere">comprehendere</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> quo degit. </s> <s>Legi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> <lb></lb>ſic dubitare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> locus in quo degit animal <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aut vniformis eſt, aut difformis. </s> <s>Pone illum <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="vniformẽ">vniformen</expan>; profectò ab eo quod ſit <expan abbr="tẽperiei">temperiei</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrarię">contrarię</expan>, maximè ſentietur, vt <expan abbr="loc9">locus</expan> frigidus à bilioſo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dicito eſſe difformem. </s> <s>Ergo, ſi non ſentietur in vna parte; poterit in alia ſentiri. </s> <s>Noui <expan abbr="paullulũ">paullulum</expan> <lb></lb>quid ad hoc dici. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nẽpè">Nempè</expan> aërem incluſum in poris corporis, cùm beneficio caloris innati factus ſit <lb></lb>animali familiaris, prohibere quominus aër ille diuerſus ſentiatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id natura <expan abbr="comparatũ">comparatum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vt quod intus eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> patiatur admitti <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan>. </s> <s>Non ſatis arridet, quandò ita fieret, vt animal & <lb></lb>homo potiſsimè cuius calor eſt efficaciſsimus, ægrè <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> frigus perciperet, & <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> abeſt, vt ob<lb></lb>ſtet <expan abbr="cõtrariũ">contrarium</expan> huic ſenſioni <expan abbr="faciẽdæ">faciendæ</expan>, vt adiuuet maximè, quia tactus requirit <expan abbr="diſsimilitudinẽ">diſsimilitudinem</expan>, & <expan abbr="affe-ctionẽ">affe<lb></lb>ctionem</expan> propriè dictam. </s> <s>hæc in magis contrario magis elucet. </s> <s>licet fortaſſe minus proficiat, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>in hoc tractatu docuimus teſtes ſunt balneatores, qui paullatim <expan abbr="iubẽt">iubent</expan>, vt à ſudo per <expan abbr="apodyteriũ">apodyterium</expan>, <lb></lb>ſeu <expan abbr="tepidariũ">tepidarium</expan>, deinde per <expan abbr="caldariũ">caldarium</expan> balnei <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> excipiamus, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eximus ex balneo ſenſim perga<lb></lb>mus ad <expan abbr="ſudũ">ſudum</expan>. </s> <s>cauemus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, ne excalfacti protinus aëri frigidiori exponamur, ne in lateris & <expan abbr="coſtarũ">coſtarum</expan> <lb></lb>dolores incidamus, & in regionibus frigidiſsimis ſub Septentrione, vt Caroduni, ſicut à <expan abbr="nr̃is">nrnis</expan> <expan abbr="mercatorib9">mer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2567"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>catoribus</expan> accepimus; <expan abbr="expertũ">expertum</expan> eſt eos <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> in balnea <expan abbr="sūt">sunt</expan> proximè ingreſſuri, vbi <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> <expan abbr="agũt">agunt</expan>, prius <lb></lb>volutari niue quæ aliquanto calidior eſt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> habeat <expan abbr="inclusũ">inclusum</expan> qui in ſe caloris <expan abbr="aliquantulũ">aliquantulum</expan>, con<lb></lb>tinet, & manet immobilis, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cęteroqui motus afferat frigus, niſi fuerit vehementior, & <expan abbr="pręlẽtitie">pręlentitie</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="patiẽtis">patientis</expan> <expan abbr="min9">minus</expan> penetret, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> halitus ſubtiliores, & nos igni digitos <expan abbr="sẽſim">senſim</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> confertim admouemus: <lb></lb>aliter dolor intolerabilis ingruat. </s> <s>Quare vbi magis <expan abbr="cõtrariũ">contrarium</expan>, maior perturbatio, <expan abbr="maiorq́">maiorque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan> <expan abbr="effi-cit̃">effi<lb></lb>citur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itẽ">Item</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aër incluſus in poris ob <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> vetaret, quominus animalia in loco ſimili, & ſibi <lb></lb>natiuo <expan abbr="degẽtia">degentia</expan> poſſent id <expan abbr="sẽtire">sentire</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="extrinſec9">extrinſecus</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſentio ſimile, ſed <expan abbr="prohibet̃">prohibetur</expan> <expan abbr="sẽtiri">sentiri</expan> diſsimile. </s> <s><expan abbr="null9">nullus</expan> <lb></lb>ergo <expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Veruntamẽ">Veruntamen</expan> vt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hęc illis <expan abbr="cõdonemus">condonemus</expan>, & quae de natura <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> verè hæc <expan abbr="pronũcient̃">pronuncientur</expan>, ſed <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="loc9">locus</expan> eſt, & de <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> <expan abbr="reperit̃">reperitur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> inſenſile, interpretemur id quod ægrè ſenſu <expan abbr="cõ-prehendit̃">con<lb></lb>prehenditur</expan>. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tolerat has interpretationes illud <expan abbr="corollariũ">corollarium</expan> quo <expan abbr="teſtat̃">teſtatur</expan> Auerroës aquam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cale<lb></lb>fieri, dum fuerit pura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod <expan abbr="infert̃">infertur</expan> <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="falsã">falsam</expan> vulgi <expan abbr="perſuaſionẽ">perſuaſionem</expan>, quod frigore <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> de <lb></lb>terminari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> putat, vt humore, quia perpetuò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inſit in aqua. </s> <s>videtur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Auerroës & de <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, & <expan abbr="sẽſione">senſione</expan> abſoluta verba <expan abbr="facer̃">facerm</expan>. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="perpẽdamus">perpendamus</expan>, quid ſit hoc <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> fue<lb></lb>rit pura, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> calefieri, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="intelligit̃">intelligitur</expan>, quaſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit alterari, ſed quicquid <expan abbr="præternatiuũ">præternatiuum</expan> aquæ fri <pb pagenum="410"></pb>gus experitur animal in aqua, id <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ex alterius corporis ſocietate lucretur, aut quae alterata fuerit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2568"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſolùm, nec aliud <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> accedat. </s> <s>Primùm illud, vt rectè obiicit D. Thomas, euertit <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="elemento-rũ">elemento<lb></lb>rum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutationem">commutationem</expan>, <expan abbr="fruſtraq́">fruſtraque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="diſputatũ">diſputatum</expan>, <expan abbr="falſoq́">falſoque</expan>. </s> <s>collectum, inter <expan abbr="cõuenientia">conuenientia</expan> facilius ſuccedere mu<lb></lb>tationem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter <expan abbr="diſcõueniẽtia">diſconuenientia</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> defendi poterit in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> generatione pręuias affectiones anteire. <lb></lb></s> <s>Addam ego <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vapores ex aqua affecta excitari, ſpiritus ex terra. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> & aquam af<lb></lb>fici, & alterari neceſſariò. </s> <s>Si minus aut alia fore corpora, quę priora ſint elementis, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fiant <lb></lb>ex ipſis, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex iis fieri poſſunt, affici <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa oporteret, ſed ex ipſis elementa, vt ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> aër, <lb></lb>aut ignis, ex vapore <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> aqua, aut ſi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc ex elementis, quia non afficitur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, neque ex <lb></lb>ipſis elementa, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſent corpora prima: dicendum erit plura eſſe corpora prima, & ſimpli<lb></lb>cia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quattuor. </s> <s>Quanquam non eſt, quae hîc nos admodum efferre velimus, cùm & hæc pluribus <lb></lb>à maioribus noſtris peracta fuerint, & habita parum probabilia; pręſertim illud, quae aër ſit veluti <expan abbr="me-diũ">me<lb></lb>dium</expan>, per quod ſentitur vapor, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſum pellet, niſi <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> alienam qualitatem. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb><expan abbr="dandũ">dandum</expan> erit affici aërem, & ponenda in aëre affectio quæ eſt qualitatis ſolius mutatio. </s> <s>Sed eam re<lb></lb>mouet ipſemet Auerroës, dum <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> aquam, aut aërem vult, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per affectionem & <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, & vt <lb></lb>inquit Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">κὰτα πάθος</foreign> eiuſmodi reddi, ſed propter mixturam corporis alieni. </s> <s>Nunc agat Auer<lb></lb>roës de affectione illa quæ ſuperat <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> naturam elementi, veruntamen animali in ſuo loco de<lb></lb>genti <expan abbr="cõueniens">conueniens</expan> & ſimilis exiſtit. </s> <s>Vide, obſecro, an his <expan abbr="reſpõdeant">reſpondeant</expan> ea quæ ſubſcribit Auereoës, de<lb></lb>cipi nimirùm vulgus in eo, quae aquæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, non frigiditate, ſed humiditate determinet. </s> <s>Nam ſi na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2569"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turam elementi ſimpliciter accipit, iam <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> explicationi <expan abbr="aduerſat̃">aduerſatur</expan>, volunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non accipi ſimpli<lb></lb>citer <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> intelligit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed, vt locus eſt; <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> decipitur vulgus, <lb></lb>ſed rectè opinatur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in frigiditate, ſed in humiditate eſſe <expan abbr="poſitã">poſitam</expan> aquę <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="pugnãt">pugnant</expan>, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſiderari">conſiderari</expan>, vt <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, & <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> humiditate <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan>, vt ſi illud ſit, ita ſentire, ſit <lb></lb>penitus errare. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ſint. </s> <s>Locus <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> naturalis ſenſilis erit, & per qualitates ſuas, vt à nobis <lb></lb>anteà <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> eſt, & ita <expan abbr="cõſeruabit">conſeruabit</expan> id quod in ſe <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, vt indiuidui, <expan abbr="ſpecieiq́">ſpecieique</expan>. </s> <s>tutelæ <expan abbr="opitulet̃">opituletur</expan> <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan>, & vniuerſi ordini per <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> ſeruiat, niſi malo quo <expan abbr="piã">piam</expan> caſu ſuo curſu excu<lb></lb>tiatur. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="dabit̃">dabitur</expan> locus hæc <expan abbr="diligẽtius">diligentius</expan> <expan abbr="exquirẽdi">exquirendi</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> eò redeamus, vnde diſceſsimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>eſſe .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> loci naturalis, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè vt quantus eſt, & mathematicè acceptus, ſed vt virtu<lb></lb>tes à cęlo <expan abbr="cõmunicatas">communicatas</expan> ſub certa <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> notat qua perficiat corpora naturalia <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="appetẽtia">appetentia</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽ-tur">mouen<lb></lb>tur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſibi <expan abbr="cõparent">comparent</expan>, in quo bene ſe habeant. </s> <s>Nam ſic inexhauſta illa materiæ cupiditas exple<lb></lb>tur, & æquilibrium <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> <expan abbr="actuoſorũ">actuoſorum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> patibilium conſeruatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt optimè dicebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sapiens ille <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἰσον πόλεμον οὐ ποιεῖ</foreign>. </s> <s>AEquilibrium <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ciet bellum. </s> <s>hoc verò natura efficit nunc ad<lb></lb>dendo, alias adimendo, & <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei ſic <expan abbr="cõmutando">commutando</expan>, vt ſemper vices rependere meminerit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2570"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hæc ipſa certis <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan> præſtat, <expan abbr="certiſq́">certiſque</expan>. </s> <s>locis contribuit. </s> <s>quantum <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> infinitas materiæ tolerat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2557"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2558"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2559"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2560"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2561"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2562"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>reſp.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2563"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2564"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2565"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2566"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2567"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2568"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2569"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2570"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggredimur quęſtionem qua de cremento naturalis motus in fine diſſeritur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC ſi ita ſunt, tum quae ex materiæ proſectu, & acceſſu formæ, tum item amotione impedi<lb></lb>menti, <expan abbr="lociq́">locique</expan>. </s> <s>virtute motus inſit in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan>, & in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> corpore naturali generatim, quatenus <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, vt antè pluribus à nobis <expan abbr="explicatũ">explicatum</expan> eſt, facilè reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> cauſſa quæſtio<lb></lb>nis illius; cur ea quæ <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ocyus in fine moueantur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in principio motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>De qua ſanè quæſtione multa dicta fuerunt tum Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſius temporibus, tum etiam <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad hęc <lb></lb>noſtra, <expan abbr="cauſſæq́">cauſſæque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> allatæ, cum per ſe, vel natura, vel locus. </s> <s>tum per accidens, vt impedi<lb></lb>menti ſublatio, calor rarefaciens, aduentitia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> grauitas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hęc vel ſeorſum, vel <expan abbr="cõiunctim">coniunctim</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>admodum veriſimiles, vt niſi Argi oculos adhibeamus, facilè decipi poſsimus. </s> <s>Idcirco <lb></lb>præſtat, vt ſingulas cauſſas curioſius requiramus. </s> <s>Et quanuis acta agere vídear, dum veterum ſen<lb></lb>tentias in medio ponam, & illas <expan abbr="retractẽ">retractem</expan> quæ à primis illis Ariſt. </s> <s>interpretibus ſedulò diſcuſſę fue<lb></lb>rint, perneceſſe <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> cenſeo <expan abbr="põderare">ponderare</expan> ſingula, ſiquid forte ſeorſum flagitant ob ea quæ nos ipſi de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2571"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>creuimus. </s> <s>Nam antiquitas. (etenim nos <expan abbr="Gręcorũ">Gręcorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩas">ſententias</expan> primum recitabimus) Timęus, Strato Lam<lb></lb>pſacenus, & Epicurus <expan abbr="exiſtimarũt">exiſtimarunt</expan>, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſſe grauia, nihil per ſe leue: duos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe terminos <lb></lb>motus, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> oppoſitum illi <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="nẽpè">nempè</expan> deorſum & <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="lo-cũ">lo<lb></lb>cum</expan> in quem <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> properent <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> naturam; alterum verò ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> vi <expan abbr="ferant̃">ferantur</expan>: etenim <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> grauia ſint, <lb></lb>deorſum ſuapte natura feruntur, quòd ſi quid ex his inferius eſt, aut ſuperius, hoc non aliundè <lb></lb>proficiſci quàm, quòd corpora grauiora minus grauia premunt, & ideò ſubeunt illa, non qui<lb></lb>dem quia leue aliquid ſit; proptereà ſuopte nixu ſurſum feratur, ſed <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> corpora ſunt in ge<lb></lb>nere grauium; alterum verò ex illis leue apparet, quoniam hoc grauiſsimum eſt, illud minus gra<lb></lb>ue, & <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> hoc <expan abbr="grauiſsimũ">grauiſsimum</expan> eſt; ideo <expan abbr="premẽs">premens</expan> illud quod eſt minus graue, ſubit ipſi, quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> minus <lb></lb>graue eſt, ſi ſupereminet: quaſi verò motus hic ſit per extruſionem. </s> <s>quare, quo grauius eſt, magis <lb></lb>extrudit, <expan abbr="magiſq́">magiſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="opprimẽs">opprimens</expan> id quod eſt minus graue, eo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> velocius fertur. </s> <s>ob id velocitas huius <lb></lb>motus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ab interna cauſſa deriuabitur, verùm ab externa, & erit <expan abbr="violẽta">violenta</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm in hos inuectus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>ab his quę <expan abbr="mõſtrat">monſtrat</expan> ſenſus in aliquo genere <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõclu-">conclu<lb></lb></expan> <pb pagenum="411"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2572"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit, <expan abbr="nõnullũ">nonnullum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> corpore & <expan abbr="ſursũ">ſursum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, tum, quae vbi <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> aliquid vi, ci<lb></lb>tius fertur, ſi minus ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi fuerit maius. </s> <s><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> pręterea quia quicquid vi mouetur, in ſui motus ini<lb></lb>tio velocius eſt; euaneſcente verò illo mouentis impetu, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> deficit <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> motus, ac naturalis illi ſuc<lb></lb>cedit, qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in principio ſegnior eſt, vegetior verò fit in progreſſu, ac poſtremùm propè <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> velo<lb></lb>ciſsimè fertur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> id quod aliquò fertur vi, <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> inde ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>At nos in <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>motu, verbigratia, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> terra deſcendit, cernimus, quò maior eſt illius moles, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ferri velocius. </s> <s>præ<lb></lb>tereà <expan abbr="cõſpicimus">conſpicimus</expan> <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> initio ſegnius agitari, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in progreſſu, & tum velociſsimè <expan abbr="cõcitari">concitari</expan>, cùm fuerit <lb></lb>propè <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> peruenerit ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, ab ipſo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri, niſi cogatur, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan> de <expan abbr="nõnullis">nonnullis</expan> quæ <expan abbr="ſursũ">ſursum</expan> <expan abbr="ferunt̃">feruntur</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> oppreſsione, aut extruſione, aut vlla <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> vi <lb></lb>moueri dicemus hæc corpora, ſed natura. </s> <s>Veruntamen dicet <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan>. </s> <s>Eſto motus hic naturalis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>in fine velociſsimus, <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> philoſophos illos optimè ſit <expan abbr="cõcluſum">concluſum</expan>. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ob <lb></lb>id <expan abbr="hui9">huius</expan>euenti <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> tenemus. </s> <s>hęc ergo ſupereſt inquirenda in qua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> eſt laboratum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>adeò, vt <expan abbr="ſeptẽ">ſeptem</expan> opiniones <expan abbr="circunferãtur">circunferantur</expan>, & cauſſa <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>allata, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> idonea repudia<lb></lb>ta fuerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hipparchus ita referente Simplicio, in opuſculo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, quo ſigillatim <expan abbr="diſquirit̃">diſquiritur</expan> <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> problema, cenſuit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="velociorẽ">velociorem</expan> in fine, quia mobile prohibeatur aliena vi <lb></lb>ab initio motus: ex quo <expan abbr="efficiat̃">efficiatur</expan>, vt vim <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="natiuã">natiuam</expan> exercere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>pigerrimè citetur: <lb></lb>cęterùm euaneſcente paullatim aliena illa, & extrinſeca vi <expan abbr="reficit̃">reficitur</expan> naturale robur, & quaſi <expan abbr="liberũ">liberum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2573"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>impedimento, efficacius <expan abbr="operat̃">operatur</expan>. </s> <s>ita fieri, vt <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> <expan abbr="accelerẽt">accelerent</expan> in progreſſu, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi <expan abbr="cõferbue-rit">conferbue<lb></lb>rit</expan> aqua, & <expan abbr="amoueat̃">amoueatur</expan> ab igni: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab initio paullatim tepeſcit, & vix <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <expan abbr="progreſsũ">progreſsum</expan> facere <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, <expan abbr="fati-ſcẽte">fati<lb></lb>ſcente</expan> verò calore, <expan abbr="priſtinã">priſtinam</expan> <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> recuperat, celerius <expan abbr="refrigerat̃">refrigeratur</expan> & eò <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> procedit, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="lõge">longe</expan> <lb></lb>frigidior euadat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſa foret ante <expan abbr="calefactionẽ">calefactionem</expan> à qua <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abhorrere cenſeas Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> qui <lb></lb>tali hypotheſi nixus cauſſas grandinis indagauit & experientia <expan abbr="piſcatorũ">piſcatorum</expan> ipſas approbauit. </s> <s>nota<lb></lb>res eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Cõtra">Contra</expan> <expan abbr="Hipparchũ">Hipparchum</expan> hæc dixit Alexander. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duæ ſint cauſſæ propter quas <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> fe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2574"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="runt̃">runtur</expan> in propria loca; prima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> generantur; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eo <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> contrahunt de forma <expan abbr="tan-tundẽ">tan<lb></lb>tundem</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aſſequuntur de ipſo vbi: altera verò, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> iam genita extra locum <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> ab aliquo <expan abbr="deti-neant̃">deti<lb></lb>neantur</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ignis apud nos, & amoueatur <expan abbr="impedimẽtum">impedimentum</expan>. </s> <s>Eſto igitur quae <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> gignuntur, <lb></lb>quia tum perfecta <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt, non poſſunt exercere <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> illam ſuam natiuam: at <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> à geni<lb></lb>tis arceatur impediens, quid illa vetat, quominus ſecundùm ſummum ſuæ naturæ concitentur? <lb></lb></s> <s>Fortaſſe poterat hoc aduerſus <expan abbr="Hipparchũ">Hipparchum</expan>, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vrget id <expan abbr="poſitionẽ">poſitionem</expan> noſtram: eo, quae adeſt <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> fuerint in loco proprio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi <expan abbr="remotũ">remotum</expan> fuerit vniuerſum, iam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed in proprio loco quieſcunt. </s> <s>Idcirco exiſtimarunt alij neſcio quos, multos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in eam veniſſe ſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2575"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tentiam. </s> <s>Simplicius ipſe teſtatur: eorum <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> ex illo amplificari, quae <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtia">reſiſtentia</expan> medij minor <lb></lb>eſſet in fine motus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab initio: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> minor medij portio relinqueretur à mobili ſupe<lb></lb>randa motu ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> tendente, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>minus reſiſteret: talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt conditio virtutum, quæ in materia <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſiſtunt">conſiſtunt</expan>, quae cęteris partibus in maiore corpore ſunt robuſtiores: medium verò motui reſiſtere, <lb></lb>immo verò <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe, cur <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> in loco <expan abbr="mutãdo">mutando</expan> <expan abbr="cõſumat̃">conſumatur</expan>, ante docuimus <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> vbi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>rarius eſt maior ſolet eſſe celeritas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt in vacuo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> futurus ſit motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Attamẽ">Attamen</expan> cauſſa talis <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt quam reddidit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="inquiẽs">inquiens</expan> augeri <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> in fine motus ex additione grauitatis, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>ex eo, quae minor portio medij ſuperſit. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> reuocatur hic locus <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrouerſiã">controuerſiam</expan>, ne forte <expan abbr="petitionẽ">petitionem</expan> <lb></lb>principij <expan abbr="cõmittamus">committamus</expan>, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſic vrgeamus illos. </s> <s>Quia maiori corpori cęteris partibus, vtputa figura, <lb></lb>& inſigni paruitate molis, exceptę plus aëris obſiſtit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> minori. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc motus euariate poſ<lb></lb>ſunt, ſeu naturales ſint, ſiue animales, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="violẽti">violenti</expan>. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="nauiũ">nauium</expan> experientia <expan abbr="mõſtrat">monſtrat</expan> quas im<lb></lb>plent ſaburra, & materia graui, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab optimo poëta & explicatum & exemplis confirmatum ac<lb></lb>cepimus. </s> <s>ait enim de apibus quæ puſilla corpora ſunt. </s> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>& ſæpe lapillos</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2571"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2572"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2573"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2574"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2575"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ut cymbę instabiles fluctu iactante ſaburram<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2576"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2576"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tollunt; his ſępe per inania nubila librant<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Narrat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> Plinius Grues <expan abbr="Pontũ">Pontum</expan> <expan abbr="trãſuolaturas">tranſuolaturas</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> anguſtias petere inter duo <expan abbr="promõtoria">promontoria</expan> <lb></lb>Criu metopon & Carambin, mox ſaburra ſtabiliri, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> tranſierit abiici lapillos è pedibus: <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> attigerint <expan abbr="cõtinẽtẽ">continentem</expan>, & è gutture <expan abbr="arenã">arenam</expan>. </s> <s>Sed hæc falsò narrari <expan abbr="teſtat̃">teſtatur</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ideò teſtimonia gra<arrow.to.target n="marg2577"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uiora <expan abbr="cõſulamus">conſulamus</expan>. </s> <s>Ferunt echinos <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ne <expan abbr="volutent̃">volutentur</expan> à ſęuitia maris, imponere ſibi lapillos; tametſi <lb></lb>id <expan abbr="putãt">putant</expan> euenire <expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan>, quae mare ab imo <expan abbr="cõcitatũ">concitatum</expan>, eos arena inuoluat, ſed illud placet; <expan abbr="ſiqdẽ">ſiquidem</expan> in ma<lb></lb>ris <expan abbr="ſup̃ficie">ſuperficie</expan> <expan abbr="purgarent̃">purgarentur</expan>. </s> <s>& hęc <expan abbr="ſcĩa">ſcientia</expan> à maximis naturę <expan abbr="ĩterpretib">interpretib</expan>. </s> <s>approbata <expan abbr="pſpicit̃">perſpicitur</expan>. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Tzetzes ſic.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2577"></margin.target>b 8. de hiſt. <lb></lb>c. 12.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Το̂ις δὲ Νηρεὺς τῶν ἐχινων το̂ις σάλοισ<lb></lb> Προβλεπτικὰς διδωσιν ἐν βυθῶ́ χόρας,<lb></lb> Ὑπερ φόγωσι πρὸζαλης τὰ τῆς ζάλης</foreign>. </s> <s>Et Oppianus.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἀυτὰρ ἐκείνους ρἲψα καρηκομόωντας ἀκάνθαισ<lb></lb> Οι δε κιλυνδόμενοι καναχὴν ἔχον ἐν ποσι παίδων<lb></lb> Ἐν καθαρῶ́ ὁτεκύματ' ἐπ' ηιόνος κλύζεσκε<lb></lb> Πολλὰς δ' ἐκ κεφαλῆς προθελύμνοις εῖ̔λκον ἀκάνθας</foreign></s></p> <pb pagenum="412"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>Plus igitur aër obſiſtit maiori corpori, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> minori, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> corpus maius citius delabitur quàm minus. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2578"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Non ergo medij reſiſtentia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe cauſſa cur motus ab initio pigrior ſit. </s> <s>Deinde quoniam cauſſa <lb></lb>eadem intercedit, medij nimirùm imminutio, vbi motus violentus ſit, ſicut etiam vbi naturalis, <lb></lb>quare item effectus idem contingere planè deberet. </s> <s>Cùm igitur hoc ipſa experientia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõfirmet">confirmet</expan>; <lb></lb>ſed <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> potius doceat, credibile <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, cur <expan abbr="intẽdat̃">intendatur</expan> motus naturalis in fine.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2578"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Latinorum ſententię de cremento naturalis motus in fine ex ordine recitantur. </s> <s>C. XXXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>APVD Latinos interpretes legimus opinatos fuiſſe <expan abbr="nõnullos">nonnullos</expan> <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> à motu calefieri; <expan abbr="calefactũ">calefactum</expan> <lb></lb>verò fieri <expan abbr="rariorẽ">rariorem</expan>: Ob id cedere facilius iis quæ per <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, inde <expan abbr="cõſequi">conſequi</expan>, vt quò <expan abbr="lõgi9">longius</expan> <lb></lb>aliquid <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>, quia magis calefiat <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rarefiat magis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> magis ſubinde afficiatur <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="rarefactionẽ">rarefactionem</expan>. </s> <s>quare per <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="prõptius">promptius</expan>, expeditius, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> velocius obiri poſsit motus. </s> <s>Cęte<lb></lb>rùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> multò velocius in proceſſu ſagitta mouebitur: pręſertim ſi ex motu concalefacta fuerit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan>, ſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="plũbea">plumbea</expan> ſit; ita excalfieri teſtatur Ariſt. </s> <s>vt eliqueſcat: nihiloſecius ea ſegnius aſsiduè mouetur. </s> <s>Præ<lb></lb>terquam quae hi mihi <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> naturæ prorſus peruertere. </s> <s>Nam prius eſt motus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> calefactio <lb></lb>medij; ipſi <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan> rarefactionem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & idcirco <expan abbr="ponũt">ponunt</expan> <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>, qui ſuę cauſſæ natura <lb></lb><expan abbr="p̃cedat">pncedat</expan>, quo certè nihil ineptius. </s> <s>Tribuunt <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> huiuſcemodi euenti <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> viribus ipſius loci <lb></lb>quas <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> interpretes <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> accipiunt, ſed duobus modis ipſos de viribus loci diſſerere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2579"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõperimus">comperimus</expan>. </s> <s>Aliqui, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſuprà nos <expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan>, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> locus habeat vim <expan abbr="cõſeruãdi">conſeruandi</expan> mobile: <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> verò appetitu naturali <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſeruationẽ">conſeruationem</expan> <expan abbr="q̃rant">quarant</expan>. </s> <s>ex hoc effici, vt <expan abbr="plãtę">plantę</expan>, & animalia magis <lb></lb>hoc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illo cęlo <expan abbr="fruant̃">fruantur</expan>: is <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe debet <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, vt partim ſimilis ſit, vt ab eo locati materia <expan abbr="cõſeruet̃">conſeruetur</expan> <lb></lb>partim <expan abbr="cõtrari9">contrarius</expan>, vt <expan abbr="emendet̃">emendetur</expan> <expan abbr="exuperãtia">exuperantia</expan>. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="vnũquodq.">vnunquodque</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> illo cui <expan abbr="cõtiguũ">contiguum</expan> eſt, in altera <lb></lb>qualitate <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, in altera verò differt, quod ſanè ab Auerroë <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> <expan abbr="exceptũ">exceptum</expan> qui <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> appeti dicebat <lb></lb>à mobili, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> motus, & quae in ipſo ſit eius quies. </s> <s>Alij <expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan> in loco vim ineſſe trahendi mobile, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ineſt <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> magnetę vis <expan abbr="attrahẽdi">attrahendi</expan> <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan>. </s> <s>At vt aliqua <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> poſteriores dięamus. </s> <s>Non'ne <lb></lb>quò maius eſt corpus, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis viribus <expan abbr="attrahẽtis">attrahentis</expan> reſiſtit? </s> <s><expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo maiora <expan abbr="deſcenderẽt">deſcenderent</expan> <lb></lb>tardius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> minora. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ex <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="moueret̃">moueretur</expan> globa terræ, ſicuti nec ex <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> di<lb></lb>ſtantia <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> moueri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> à magnete, <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> enim facultatis naturalis robur <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Quare nec <expan abbr="vl-lũ">vl<lb></lb>lum</expan> eſſet robur <expan abbr="Ariſtotelicarũ">Ariſtotelicarum</expan> <expan abbr="rõnum">rationum</expan> quibus <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> eſt, è <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> alterius <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan>, <expan abbr="quantũuis">quantunuis</expan> diſtaret, <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="cẽtrũ">centrum</expan> <expan abbr="nr̃i">nostri</expan> ferri poſſe <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="moueret̃">moueretur</expan> huc niſi <expan abbr="trahẽdi">trahendi</expan> facultas, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ineſt in medio <expan abbr="nr̃i">nostri</expan>, poſ<lb></lb>ſet eò peruenire. </s> <s>in cęteris verò, niſi per <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> ſpatium procedere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> apparet; in qbus, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eueniat id, <lb></lb>niſi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> varietatis afferri poſsit, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> iudicium <expan abbr="faciẽdũ">faciendum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> anteà docuerimus, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2580"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit illi rationi tribuendum; tamen valeat apud eos, qui vim loco <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> trahendi concedunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod ſi <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> adieceris; iam tecum ipſe confliges. </s> <s>Contra Auerroëm inuehuntur non<lb></lb>nulli, quanquam argumento fallaci, dicentes. </s> <s>quo magis caret res, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis appetere. </s> <s>ſed <lb></lb>tum caret magis, vbi longius abſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vbi propè. </s> <s>Vbi igitur aberit longius ipſa res à ſuo loco, <expan abbr="ſuaq́">ſuaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>forma, tantò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> citius eò properabit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perueniet. </s> <s>Sed certè non vident iſti, appetitum, qui <lb></lb>cauſſa motus eſt, eſſe <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> in ea materia, quæ propinquior ęſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in illa, quæ longius à fine abeſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſicuti planta non appetit viſum <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> talpa deſiderat lumen; homo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, ſi fuerit cœcus, appetit <lb></lb>maximè, quia propè eſt, vt videat: ſic materia, niſi <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> <expan abbr="experiat̃">experiatur</expan> quod ipſi per affectiones pręuias <lb></lb>offert <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>: illud <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> appetit, tum magis appetit, quo magis ipſi obiicitur, tum verò obiicitur: ma<lb></lb>gis, quo magis affecta, & prouecta eſt in <expan abbr="potẽtias">potentias</expan> propinquiores. </s> <s>Nec ſecus accidit, vt mea fert opinio, <lb></lb>ac in <expan abbr="amatorib9">amatoribus</expan> qui puella <expan abbr="expectãtes">expectantes</expan>, quo vicinior eſt hora, magis <expan abbr="angunt̃">anguntur</expan>, & hora vna pro <expan abbr="lõgiſ-ſimo">longiſ<lb></lb>ſimo</expan> <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="habet̃">habetur</expan>. </s> <s>Nec ab <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <expan abbr="sẽſu">senſu</expan> abhorret <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>q <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in iis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vſu <expan abbr="cõparant̃">comparantur</expan>, profecto <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> forma <lb></lb>docet habilius reddere <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; tantò magis <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> natura; quantò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> habet in ſeipſo <lb></lb><expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="“Sẽper">“Semper</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> bene mobilior, inquit, ad <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> fit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> <expan abbr="incremẽtũ">incrementum</expan> <expan abbr="sũpſerit">sumpſerit</expan> à prin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2581"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipio.” Nec video <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> auctores <expan abbr="hui9">huius</expan><expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> euitare poſsint, quin ab initio cùm maior ad<lb></lb>ſit poteſtas; velocius <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõcitentur">concitentur</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="imprudẽtes">imprudentes</expan> in eo lapſi <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, quae <expan abbr="parẽ">parem</expan> <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> priuationis, & po<lb></lb>tentiæ fecerint, tametſi vnà <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan>. </s> <s>& illud planè <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> ab initio plus priuationis ineſſe, ſed minus <lb></lb>poteſtatis; in progreſſu amplificari <expan abbr="potẽtiã">potentiam</expan>, quia priuatio <expan abbr="minuat̃">minuatur</expan>, & vt alibi <expan abbr="oſtẽdetur">oſtendetur</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutant">commutant</expan> <expan abbr="la-titudinẽ">la<lb></lb>titudinem</expan> poteſtatis <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> gradu: maius eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab initio motus <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> poteſtatis, vt in <expan abbr="sũmè">summè</expan> calido ad <expan abbr="fri-gidũ">fri<lb></lb>gidum</expan> vt octo, in proceſſu maior gradus: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> facilius <expan abbr="sũmè">summè</expan> <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> fiet quod <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> eſt, vt quinque <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="sũmè">summè</expan> <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, amplificatur ergo poteſtas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> propenſio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> propter <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan>, ſed propter <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> huic <expan abbr="tribuat̃">tribuatur</expan> <expan abbr="argumẽto">argumento</expan>, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> veniamus ad alia. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan> <expan abbr="putãt">putant</expan>, <expan abbr="efficacitatẽ">efficacitatem</expan> <expan abbr="vniuersã">vniuersam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="tribuẽdã">tribuendam</expan> gradui formę, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> multitudini materię (<expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>nos ita non credimus) quia par gradus appetitus eſt <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> maiore, & minore gleba; neceſse <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> fuerit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> pari gradu <expan abbr="cõcitari">concitari</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="parẽ">parem</expan> verò <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> appetitus in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="poner̃">ponerm</expan> licet, vt ſi <expan abbr="fingãtur">fingantur</expan> <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> in <lb></lb>eodem eſſe gradu perfectionis, aut poteſtatis. </s> <s>Sed illud apud nos plurimum valet. </s> <s>quoniam <lb></lb>imperfecta eſt hæc opinio; quanuis cauſſam ab eius auctoribus allatam veram eſſe <expan abbr="cõcedamus">concedamus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque enim adminiſtratur ille motus ab ea cauſſa ſolùm, ſed alię multę <expan abbr="cõcurrunt">concurrunt</expan> pręter finem: <pb pagenum="413"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2582"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>efficiens .ſ. </s> <s>& alia principia per accidens, vt remouens impedimentum, & ipſa mobilis rei natura <lb></lb>quæ cuncta motus in actu cauſſa ſunt. </s> <s>D. Thomas, & poſt ipſum Albertus Saxon arbitrati ſunt, <lb></lb>geminam eſſe <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan>, ac leuitatem in elementis: alteram ſanè, quam <expan abbr="inquiũt">inquiunt</expan> eſſe per ſe, & <expan abbr="na-turalẽ">na<lb></lb>turalem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram quam aduentitiam reputant, illam inquiunt, ſequi vim generantis, & in pro<lb></lb>prio loco ſeruari, hanc in proceſſu motus acquiri, ex eo quae fieri, vt maiore impetu <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan> in pro<lb></lb>ceſſu corpora naturalia. </s> <s>Rem verò ſic eſſe perſuadent <expan abbr="experiẽtiis">experientiis</expan> illis, quæ ſuprà à nobis allatæ <lb></lb>ſunt, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> doceremus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in abſentia mouentis adhuc in mobili <expan abbr="cõſeruari">conſeruari</expan> vim quandam à qua mo<lb></lb>bile <expan abbr="cõcitetur">concitetur</expan>, ac ſi primum mouens adeſſet. </s> <s>Igitur intermiſſo primi mouentis impulſu fit adhuc <lb></lb>motus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ob aliud, niſi quae etiam ſupereſt in ea vis quædam propter quam eodem motu cietur quo <lb></lb>pridem mouebatur. </s> <s>verùm quae aliena eſt illa vis & ad ſcititia, remittitur aſsiduè, ſed in iis, quæ ſe<lb></lb>cundùm naturam <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, amplificatur; idcirco velocius agitantur. </s> <s>ita quando nos curſum ma<lb></lb>iore quodam nixu arripuimus, etiam in eius fine vix continere non poſſumus. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis inter<lb></lb>roget auctores huius opinionis: vndénam proficiſcatur, & quid impetus iſte ſit. </s> <s>Ad hoc reſpon<lb></lb>dent, ipſum eſſe <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> quandam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, quippe poteſtatem ad motum, ad <lb></lb>illud verò dicunt; <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> à forma <expan abbr="cõparari">comparari</expan> per motum. </s> <s>Attamen in exponenda quæſtionis huiuſce <lb></lb>cauſſa videntur ipſam <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> cum effectu <expan abbr="cõmutare">commutare</expan>: quęritur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa velocitatis in motu; eam ve<lb></lb>rò <expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan> ipſi <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan>, ſi rurſus eos interroges, vndénam habilitas iſta profici<lb></lb>ſcatur; <expan abbr="aiũt">aiunt</expan> à motu: hic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, aut accipitur, quatenus velox, aut ſimpliciter, quae ſi ſimpliciter accipia<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2583"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur: ergo motus ipſemet erit ſibi cauſſa ſuæ velocitatis, quod ſi quia velox. </s> <s>Erit igitur cauſſa, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>tamen ipſi quęſtioni pro effectu ſupponunt. </s> <s>Inter iuniores Lud. </s> <s>Buccaf. </s> <s>ſtatuit mobile agitare, & <lb></lb>quaſi impellere <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, quia primam medij <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> commoueret, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> propelleret. </s> <s>hęc verò <lb></lb>poſteà <expan abbr="cõtiguis">contiguis</expan> ſuum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunicaret">communicaret</expan>. </s> <s>ab his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ita <expan abbr="cõmotis">commotis</expan> mobile ipſum ferri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò <lb></lb>mobili <expan abbr="pręuenirẽt">pręuenirent</expan>, reddere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eius faciliorem. </s> <s>Sed cùm in fine motus impetus maior à mobili <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõparatus">comparatus</expan> ſit, aër <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> magis affectus ad <expan abbr="excipiendũ">excipiendum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: hinc fieri, vt velocior ille motus in fine <lb></lb>reddatur. </s> <s>Addunt alij pręter hæc aëris illius impulſum qui iugiter mobili <expan abbr="ſuccedẽs">ſuccedens</expan> ipſum magis <lb></lb>expellit, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>effici, vt eius motus ſit velocior. </s> <s>corrogant hîc more <expan abbr="cõſueto">conſueto</expan> loca multa ex Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>cùm ex 8. Phyſ. tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex 4. de Cęlo, quibus de hoc impulſu mentio facta eſt, vt <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan> ſuam <lb></lb>confirment. </s> <s>Quoniam verò <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan> verba <expan abbr="cõtextus">contextus</expan> Ariſtotelici quibus ſignificatur ex addi<lb></lb>tione grauitatis fieri <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="velociorẽ">velociorem</expan> in fine ; reſpondent <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> non eſſe <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan> <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>ſed eum <lb></lb>ita pro <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan>, <expan abbr="vulgiq́">vulgique</expan>. </s> <s>opinione fuiſſe locutum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> <expan abbr="recipiũt">recipiunt</expan> <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>in eo loco. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm de loci illius veritare mox: intereà monſtremus eam eſſe falſam quam ipſi profitentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in idem abſurdum videntur incidere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> D. Thomas & Albertus, qui <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> illum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2584"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="aduentitiũ">aduentitium</expan> cauſſam eſſe velocitatis aſſeuerant, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> cum effectu <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutant">commutant</expan>: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> velint im<lb></lb>pulſum aëris huiuſce rei cauſſam eſſe, qui quidem fit à mobili. </s> <s>At quęrere licet, vndénam mobile <lb></lb>vim habeat impellendi <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan>, & magis impellendi, quò longius fertur. </s> <s>Et cùm maior impulſus ſit <lb></lb>ex maiore velocitate, cauſſa igitur eius euenti <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit impulſus, vt aiunt, ſed velocitas. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quomo-docunq.">quomo<lb></lb>docunque</expan> erit grauitas quam ipſi <expan abbr="repudiãt">repudiant</expan>, nam quod velocius agitur, eſt grauius, quae item medium <lb></lb>magis opprimatur eſt ex grauitate. </s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> magis operabitur in eo ſubiecto quod eſt graue aut le<lb></lb>ue ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in eo quod eſt tale <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm ſit hęc adſcititia <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> velocitas, ſeu gra<lb></lb>uitas; cur in proceſſu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minuitur? </s> <s>Accedit eodem quae pari pacto <expan abbr="pellũt">pellunt</expan> partes medij quo <expan abbr="pellũtur">pelluntur</expan>, & <lb></lb>minus in progreſſu quae magis <expan abbr="diſtãt">diſtant</expan> à virtute <expan abbr="mouẽte">mouente</expan>: naturale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouens in progreſſu debilitatur, niſi <lb></lb>afficiat ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quod ſanè huic adſcititiæ virtuti <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conceditur; Obiicies hîc ventos qui vires <lb></lb><expan abbr="acquirũt">acquirunt</expan> eundo, & velociores <expan abbr="vehementioreſq́">vehementioreſque</expan>. </s> <s>fiunt. </s> <s>An eius <expan abbr="euẽti">euenti</expan> cauſſa non habet <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in <expan abbr="ele-mẽto">ele<lb></lb>mento</expan>: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> eius motionis quam vulgus <expan abbr="ventũ">ventum</expan> vocat, duę ſint partes, prima quę verè <expan abbr="vẽtus">ventus</expan> eſt <lb></lb>exhalatio videlicet, quæ propter diuerſa principia motus agitur in latus & <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> præter na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2585"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="turã">turam</expan>; altera eſt aër <expan abbr="cõtiguus">contiguus</expan>, & mouetur <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> aër ea velocitate qua cietur exhalatio & in princi<lb></lb>pio <expan abbr="vehemẽtius">vehementius</expan>; eius <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> quae apud nos prima die boreę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> vehementiores: at verò propter <expan abbr="conti-nuitatẽ">conti<lb></lb>nuitatem</expan> aëris in progreſſu multæ partes eius <expan abbr="cõcitantur">concitantur</expan>; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> maior eſt motus, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> velocior <lb></lb>niſi fortè in <expan abbr="anguſtũ">anguſtum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrahantur">contrahantur</expan>, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> nequeant magno impetu <expan abbr="erũpant">erumpant</expan>, aut quae cum in <lb></lb>anguſto parua materiæ copia <expan abbr="cõſiſtat">conſiſtat</expan>, ab <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> vi <expan abbr="vehemẽtius">vehementius</expan> agatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> igitur aër <expan abbr="cõmotus">commotus</expan> agit <lb></lb>velocius <expan abbr="exhalationẽ">exhalationem</expan>, ſed ab ea <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> agitur. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in motu <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> non magis <expan abbr="agẽt">agent</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab ipſo <expan abbr="agãtur">agantur</expan>. </s> <s>Quamobrem impetus in mobili pręcedat oportet. </s> <s>Prętereà non'ne reiicit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> dicta qui <expan abbr="putãt">putant</expan> <expan abbr="impulsũ">impulsum</expan> facere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> velociorem, quae in fine langueret, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> auge<lb></lb>retur, & quia facilius impelleretur mobile minus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maius? </s> <s>Videtur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> grauitas eſſe cauſſa veloci<lb></lb>tatis, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> id quod grauius eſt, fertur velocius. </s> <s>Quod ſicubi <expan abbr="impulsũ">impulsum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> in aëre collocauit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ille eſt quo natura <expan abbr="vtit̃">vtitur</expan> in motu protectorum: at nos de motu naturali <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> agimus. </s> <s>Mitto quòd <lb></lb>dum ſtudent defendere motum illum in elemento per ſe ineſſe, cauſſam faciunt quę moueat per <lb></lb>accidens: volunt enim mobile à medio ferri: atqui hæc eſt vectio; ea verò eſt motus per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita fit vt cùm ab Ariſtotele diſcedere cupiunt, turpiſsimè quoque labantur.</s></p> <pb pagenum="414"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2579"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2580"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2581"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2582"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2583"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2584"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2585"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę nos Peripateticè profitemur, de velocitate motus naturalis in fine afferuntur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2586"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2586"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>& diſſoluuntur oppoſita. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NOBIS certè nulla cauſſa videtur, cur Ariſt. </s> <s>hoc loco falſam vſurpauerit cauſſam, cùm vera <lb></lb>ſuppetat, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit quam ex eius verbis attulimus; cùm præſertim nil tale ex aliorum ſenten<lb></lb>tia pronunciatum obſeruemus, quibus cum, vbi nihil referat, ad euitandam moroſitatem conue<lb></lb>nire poſsit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> debeat conueniri tanquàm hactenus demonſtrata non fuerit, quibus de cauſsis <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe cum cęteris, tametſi falſa profitentibus, concordare ſolet. </s> <s>Idcirco pro Ariſt. </s> <s>nunc agen<lb></lb>tes approbemus Alexandri ſententiam quam recipit <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> Simplicius. </s> <s>eius verò duo ſunt veluti <lb></lb>firma & inconcuſſa fundamenta. </s> <s>Primùm quidem: motum <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſpectari, cùm <lb></lb>gignuntur: ille <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt motus elementi per ſe, quae tantum ſibi loci comparat, quantum aſſequitur de <lb></lb>natura ſua & forma. </s> <s>quare genitum per ſe, cùm etiam peruenire debuiſſet in ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in quo <lb></lb>manet ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouetur amplius: ac ſi moueatur, id eſſe per accidens, tum quae ac<lb></lb>cidit illi vt detineatur extra proprium locum, tum etiam quae per ſe ipſum omni obice amoto foret <lb></lb>in ſuo loco, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quidem <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto, niſi medium obſtaret quod interponens <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> de mu<lb></lb>tatione motum efficeret. </s> <s>alterum verò fundamentum, ſi placet Alexandri verbis illum tribuere <lb></lb>ſenſum quem nos attulimus aliàs: ſi minus in noſtram de grauium motu <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> accipiamus, <arrow.to.target n="marg2587"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſam motus & quietis naturalis eſſe formam quam motus ipſe, & acquiſitio loci <expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan>, <lb></lb>ſicut actus ſecundus <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> primum, & quemadmodum operatio propria quæ eſt vt vita iis quę mo<lb></lb>uentur, vt tum ſit forma perfecta, cùm elementum iam genitum eſt, & ſuus adeſt locus. </s> <s>Quanto <lb></lb>ergo plus habent formæ ſiue affectionis ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & vt verius dicam, poteſtatis; eo quoque plus <lb></lb>habent functionis illius quæ <expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan> formam, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> operationis efficacitas, meo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iudi<lb></lb>cio, à duabus rebus originem per ſe ducit, & à materię multitudine, & à gradu formæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt ea <lb></lb>perpetuò profiteamur, quæ <expan abbr="lõgo">longo</expan> ſermone <expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan>, à gradu poteſtatis. </s> <s>Quocirca maior ignis <lb></lb>copia magis calefacit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam flamma calefacit magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> carbo. </s> <s>Hæc forma per grauitatem, <lb></lb>ſeu leuitatem deſcribitur, niſi velis ipſe dare grauitatem eſſe formam, vbi igitur grauitas <expan abbr="intẽda-tur">intenda<lb></lb>tur</expan> (intendi verò illam, vel ſicuti qualitatem dicere nefas non eſt, vel eam intendi pro materiæ af<lb></lb>fectionibus, aut pro illius potentia, nil ad præſens referat, cùm alibi de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formis, & de <lb></lb>cauſsis intentionis ſigillatim agendum ſit) aut alia grauitas accedat, ſequitur vt efficacior ſit <expan abbr="ele-mentorũ">ele<lb></lb>mentorum</expan> functio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectior, perfectior <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> functio eſt motus celerior, & iam inſtans conſe<lb></lb>cutio loci, donec ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> perfectionis gradum veniat, cum quo protinus eſt locus, & quies, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2588"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quaſi imitetur <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> progreſſum quem in qualitate notauit Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="inquiẽs">inquiens</expan>, quædam exiguum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2589"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſecuta momentum maximas efficere mutationes, efficacius multò moueatur. </s> <s>Sed & id quod <lb></lb>dicebat Hipparchus ad ea transferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quæ mouentur, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> genita fuerunt. </s> <s>adeſt enim impe<lb></lb>dimentum quod illa detinet extra ſuum locum, & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: velut euenit ferro candenti ca<lb></lb>lor, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic in proceſſu langueſcit, ita vt demum nullam habeat vim, ſed penitus ipſum agere per<lb></lb>mittat ſecundùm ſuam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ideò & elementa libera impedimento magis operantur; hoc eſt, <lb></lb>promptius tendunt in <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> finem ſua grauitate, ſeu leuitate pellentia medium, quod cùm propter <lb></lb>ancipitem naturam grauibus <expan abbr="leuibuſq́">leuibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>obnitatur prope finem in confinio grauium cum ipſis con<lb></lb>ſentiens & deorſum vergens reſiſtit minus: in confinio leuium, leue propemodum <expan abbr="exiſtẽs">exiſtens</expan> adiuuat <lb></lb>potius leuia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> renitatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> magis opitulatur deſcenſui grauium, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aſcenſui leuium, quia <lb></lb>media corpora magis grauitate pollent <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> leuitate. </s> <s>Sed reuera cauſſa princeps eſt grauitas ele<lb></lb>menti, quæ magis eſt in actu ſecundo, quo magis accedit ad ſuum locum. </s> <s>Etenim actus ſecun<lb></lb>dus accipit plus & minus, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> per accidens, & materiæ cauſſa, quia per ſe ſummus eſt, & per<lb></lb>petuò formæ reſpondens, & partibus eius, ſed retunditur ab impediente & contrario: ex qua <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2590"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pugna fit vt varietur proportio mobilis ad medium; vnde etiam velocitas immutatur. </s> <s>Hanc igitur <lb></lb>amplificationem perfectionis Ariſt. </s> <s>appellat <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> grauitatis & leuitatis <foreign lang="grc">ἐπιδοσιν</foreign> ipſe vo<lb></lb>cat. </s> <s><expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> huius vocis nos anteà ſignificauimus, vbi de actu ſecundo verba faceremus, & quo<lb></lb>niam eius vis eſt in ſignificando profectu, certè cum Alexandro dicemus, Ariſt. </s> <s>loqui de motu eo<lb></lb>rum quæ per ſe mouentur, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt, cùm generantur; niſi & in genitis latiore quadam ſpecie <lb></lb>ſumatur, vel ipſa naſcatur à progreſſu materiæ formam verſus, vel ex ablatione impedimenti. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſiquis opponat medij denſitatem in confinio grauium, quæ magis impeditura ſit elementi <lb></lb>progreſſum, huius ſignum, quae naues quæ oneratæ in mari enatant, in aqua dulci merguntur, audiat <lb></lb>item in medio geminam eſſe <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, alteram quidem aduentitiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſentialem alteram; <lb></lb>illa denſitas eſt & in mari permixtio terræ, hęc propenſio. </s> <s>Sed in hypotheſi noſtra, quod eſſentia<lb></lb>le eſt, ſuperat <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, neque ſanè ordine inſueto naturæ, quippe quae plumbum eliquatum ab aqua <lb></lb>etiam feruentiſsima cogatur. </s> <s>Ita fit vt in loco item ſuperiore, quanuis medium rarius ſit, tamen <lb></lb>propter leuitatem magis reſiſtat grauibus, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> leuitas in eo loco maior eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in inferiore: propterea <lb></lb>magis ab initio diuiditur, in proceſſu verò magis cedere videtur, & quaſi impetum eius excipe <pb pagenum="415"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2591"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re, <expan abbr="motumq́">motumque</expan>. </s> <s>adiuuare, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita facere, quemadmodum nos, vbi graue aliquod de ſuperiore loco <lb></lb>excepturi nó renitimur: lęderemur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſed paullatim manu declinata, cum ipſo mouemur deor<lb></lb>ſum: ita ſit etiam in ſaltibus, vt quo magis cedimus, minus offendamus: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reniti quaſi <expan abbr="tẽdere">tendere</expan> <lb></lb>in oppoſitum: proinde conflictus fit maior: nam ſicuti, ſi duo currant ex aduerſo, ſibi citius ap<lb></lb>propinquant, & citius diſiunguntur, & <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> progreſſum faciunt ita motuum aduerſitate cogen<lb></lb>te, ſic ſi occurrant, maiore impetu inter ſe impingunt. </s> <s>Quod ergo nos ſponte facimus, medium <lb></lb>ſuapte natura facit, & magis imperio naturæ paret, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vetet denſitate. </s> <s>Et ars quæ imitatur natu<lb></lb>ram, quantum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, in fabricis maioribus fundamenta planè in ſolo non exæquat, ſed tantiſper in<lb></lb>clinat, ne machina vniuerſa ſolùm ex æquo premens, <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> ruinam <expan abbr="põdere">pondere</expan> moliatur: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pon<lb></lb>dus quodammodo imminuitur, ac ruſticus lignum bipenni inciſurus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> rectà ferit, ſed obliquè <lb></lb>aggreditur; quaſi pugnam ex aduerſo declinet, quae ſic omneis parteis vnà adoriretur. </s> <s>ſic in prælio <lb></lb>funduntur facilius hoſtes, ſi impetus in aciei latus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi fiat in <expan abbr="frontẽ">frontem</expan>: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contra totam pugna<lb></lb>tur ordine vires omnes in aduerſum dirigente, & velut in natura magis lęditur, ſiquid <expan abbr="desup̨">desuper</expan>er <lb></lb>incidat in ignim, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi à latere, quae illuc <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> conatus ab ipſa transfertur; ſic ordo ducis in <expan abbr="anteriorẽ">anteriorem</expan> <lb></lb>partem robur <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> intendit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ea (ni fallor) eſt cauſſa, quæ ab Alexandro veſtigata, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neſcióne <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2592"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>an inuenta fuerit; cur ouum preſſum ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> extremo ambabus manibus frangi nequeat, à la<lb></lb>tere frangatur facilius, & <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe duplicem cauſſam affert, alteram quæ probari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; quoniam per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2593"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>angulos tantummodo ſuos renititur opprimenti: quandò angulus eſt quod in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſtructura <lb></lb>validius conſtat, ſiquidem termini vim obtineat, proinde cùm libet angulos panni tollere, vel <lb></lb>chartæ plicas; angulorum <expan abbr="firmitudinẽ">firmitudinem</expan> <expan abbr="madefaciẽdo">madefaciendo</expan> diſſoluimus. </s> <s>alteram cauſſam ſubiicit, quia <lb></lb>preſſum per extrema parte minima ſentit, preſſum per latera parte ampla <expan abbr="cõflictatur">conflictatur</expan>, quaſi par<lb></lb>uitate offendentis impetum declinet, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> videtur admodum hæc cauſſa valere, cùm <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> in an<lb></lb>gulata <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> eueniret; atqui ſecus eſt in nucleis pineis: facilius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab angulo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à latere franguntur: <lb></lb>rurſus & canthari vitrei, ſi fundo percutiantur, quod ſatis <expan abbr="amplũ">amplum</expan> eſt, etiam reſiſtunt; ſi latere, <lb></lb>franguntur, & conſtat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, & ſi ex minima parte ibi lędantur, facillimè quoque perrumpi. </s> <s>Quare <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> licet eò confugere, quae ibidem maxima ſui parte affligantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> id totum ordinato meatuum <lb></lb>progreſſui, & eorum <expan abbr="cõplicationi">complicationi</expan> tribuendum, quorum ea vis eſt, vt ab anteriore parte reſiſtant ſic <lb></lb>eos <expan abbr="cõmouente">commouente</expan> cauſſa generante, & continuitatem <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> eo verſus efficiente: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eo verſus <lb></lb>in cantharo truditur ſpiritus, & in nucleis pineis extant veluti filamenta, quę, cùm inter ſe <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> <lb></lb>ex parte non ſint arctè connexa, quaſi nam fabricauerit venulas ad alimentum <expan abbr="deferendũ">deferendum</expan> quod <lb></lb>intrò tendit à calore interno plantæ concitatum, facilè etiam ſeparantur, tametſi facta percuſsio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2594"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuit ab angulis. </s> <s>ſic arbores erectæ facilius, quàm explanatæ & iacentes pondera ſuſtinent. </s> <s>Eiuſ<lb></lb>dem quoque notæ ſunt illa quæ cecinit P. Naſo <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ cùm præſeferant ſpeculationem natura<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2595"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lem, non eſt, cur conueniatur à novis, ſic enim ſcripſit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2587"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2588"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2589"></margin.target>a de tem<lb></lb>per. </s> <s>c. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2590"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2591"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2592"></margin.target>a 2. Probl. <lb></lb>45.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2593"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2594"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2595"></margin.target>b Lib. 2. de <lb></lb>att. </s> <s>am.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Flectitur obſequio curuatus ab arbore ramus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Frangas, ſi vires experiare ſuas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Obſequio tranſnantur aque; nec vincere poſſis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Flumina, ſi contra, quàm vadit vnda, nates<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quanquam non eſt hæc, inquam, <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quam recenſuit Alexander, adiuuat nihilominus tanti viri <lb></lb>conſenſus cauſſam noſtram, vt .ſ. </s> <s>medij ceſsio quoquo pacto adaugeat motum. </s> <s>Sed hæc, quæ <lb></lb>nos in corporis motibus expreſsimus, non minus eleganter, quàm eruditè, nobis in animi per<lb></lb>turbationibus ſignificauit idem P. Naſo, quæ cùm per ſeipſa dulciſsima ſint, tum etiam mirum <lb></lb>in modum faciant ad rem noſtram; nolui te celare.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dum furor, inquit, incurſu eſt, currenti cede furori<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Difficiles aditus impetus omnis habet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2596"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2596"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Stultus ab obliquo qui cum diſcedere poſſit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Pugnat in aduerſas ire natator aquas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Impatiens animus, nec adhuc tractabilis arte</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Reſpuit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> odio verba monentis habet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggrediar melius, tum, cùm ſua vulnera tan<gap></gap></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Iam ſinet, & veris vocibus aptus erit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quis matrem niſi mentis inops in funere nati</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Flore vetet? </s> <s>non hoc illa monenda loco eſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cùm dederit lachrymas, <expan abbr="animumq́">animumque</expan>. </s> <s>expleuerit ægrum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ille dolor verbis enumerandus erit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Temporibus medicina valet: data tempore proſunt:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et data non apto tempore vina nocent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quinetiam accendas vitia <expan abbr="irriteſq́">irriteſque</expan>. </s> <s>vetando<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Temporibus ſi non aggrediare ſuis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <pb pagenum="416"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>Hæc totus amori deditus ille poëta cantauit quibus vti poſsis ad ea <expan abbr="cõfirmanda">confirmanda</expan> quæ à nobis acce<arrow.to.target n="marg2597"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pta ſunt; illi verò nos viciſsim rependere <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan> cauſſas indicando talis euenti. </s> <s>Sed longius ſpa<lb></lb>tiati redeamus ad motus naturales. </s> <s>Neque tamen ita medium ſequitur naturæ impetum, quin <lb></lb>obſtet item tantiſper & altera in <expan abbr="cõtrariũ">contrarium</expan> propenſio ſocia vnà cum cauſſa <expan abbr="aduẽtitia">aduentitia</expan> quæ <expan abbr="dẽſitas">denſitas</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter eſt motus <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, hoc eſt, ſucceſsiua mutatio, non ſubita, ſed motus nihilominus qui <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> ſubitæ mutationi ſimilis exiſtat. </s> <s>Quod de deſcenſu dictum eſt, <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> transfer<lb></lb>ri ad aſcenſum, vt plus leuitas poſsit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> raritas. </s> <s>tametſi plus conferat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> leuitas ob cauſſam ſupe<lb></lb>rius dictam, vt <expan abbr="impediẽdo">impediendo</expan> plus denſitas, quàm raritas, & propenſio ſocia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cauſſæ per ſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>grauium magis adiuuabunt, <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> verò leuium cauſſę per accidens magis efficient. </s> <s>ex qua <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpẽſatione">compenſatione</expan> fieri puto, vt paullo plus minus æqua grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>velocitas in fine reddatut. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nihilo igitur medij <expan abbr="dẽſitas">denſitas</expan> <expan abbr="languidiorẽ">languidiorem</expan> facit motum in extremo, vt dictum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Falſeq́">Falſeque</expan>. </s> <s>ſumitur <lb></lb>ab Alexandro, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Simplicio <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> elementi obiri, quando vniuerſus obex amotus fuerit: nam <lb></lb>ſi hoc eſſet, tantum abeſt, vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> moueretur, vt potius <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> quieſceret iam locum ſuum aſ<lb></lb>ſecutum. </s> <s>Hæc igitur eſt cauſſa velocitatis per ſe quam nos antè expoſuimus in motibus natura<lb></lb>libus. </s> <s>Non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> me pręterit Ariſt. </s> <s>cauſſas velocitatis alias alibi attuliſſe, vt puta proportionem mo<lb></lb>uentis ad mobile, necnon medij raritatem. </s> <s>Nanque id per accidens eſt, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſentia motus <lb></lb>naturalis. </s> <s>Illud verò pertinet ad motus qui ab extrinſeco prorſus fiunt, quanquam etiam non re<lb></lb>pugnat iis quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouentur, quia validius <expan abbr="generãs">generans</expan> citius item generabit, & in <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2598"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locum perducet rem quæ generatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi fuerit imbecillius, & poteſtas, vt aiebat Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi naturę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2599"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accedat, motum <expan abbr="perniciorẽ">perniciorem</expan> facit; tametſi præterfatum quoquomodo eiuſmodi habetur: ampli<lb></lb>ficat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quodammodo grauitatem natiuam. </s> <s>Proin cauſſa reddita eſt ab Ariſtot. </s> <s>cur crocodilus <lb></lb>morſu valeat ſupra cętera animalia, præter alias. </s> <s>quia mouet <expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan> maxillam. </s> <s>quare valet <lb></lb>ad acrius retinendum id quod ore apprehenſum eſt. </s> <s>inde <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> retentio facilior, vnde agitur motus; <lb></lb>inde verò vehementior motus agitur, vnde ictus inferri vehementius poteſt, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa reddita, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cur ſi quis ſuper lignum magnam imponat ſecurim, <expan abbr="desup̨q̨">desuperque</expan>. </s> <s>illi <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> adiiciat pondus, ligni <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2600"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, quod curandum ſit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diuidit, ſi verò extollens ſecurim percutiat, illud ſcindit, cùm cę<lb></lb>teroqui minus habeat <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> id quod percutit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod premit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> interuenit motus, qui <lb></lb>adauget pondus, & duplici grauitatę, ſeu propenſione mouetur, altera natiua & propria, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alte<lb></lb>ra quæ percutientis eſt. </s> <s>Idem etiam eueniet, ſi corpus fuerit grauius; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> magis opprimet me<lb></lb>dium, per quod fertur, & <expan abbr="aditũ">aditum</expan> ſibi promptius apparebit, ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> flagitet certam rei mobi<lb></lb>lis formam, & certum perfectionis <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>: ea verò certi & præfiniti ſpatij <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> termini conſe<lb></lb>quuntur. </s> <s>Cùm verò hæc olim probata fuerint, quid eſt igitur, cur amplius <expan abbr="dubitandũ">dubitandum</expan> ſit, quin ſint <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2601"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea quæ diſputaui, veriſsima, ſi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mecum facit, ſi euenta concordant, ſi ſummi philoſophi, <lb></lb><expan abbr="viriq́">virique</expan>. </s> <s>ſapientiſsimi conſentiunt? </s> <s>Et quanuis in hanc <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> illa afferri ſoleant. </s> <s>Primùm, quia <lb></lb>ſiue ſit graue prope terram, ſiue longè à terra: nihilominus <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> <expan abbr="trutinã">trutinam</expan> teſtari. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde quoniam corpora grauia poſſent, quo frequentius adducerentur ad ſuum locum, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> com<lb></lb>parare ſibi <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> ampliorem: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quo magis accedunt, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> grauiora fiunt: ergo, ſi ſępe <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> adducantur, nouam contrahent grauitatem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt aſsi vncia <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> poſsit exęquari. </s> <s>Nihil <lb></lb>hæc profectò obſtant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> pondus in trutina probatur per <expan abbr="cõtrapenſionem">contrapenſionem</expan>. </s> <s>quare tantundem <lb></lb>momenti <expan abbr="põderi">ponderi</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi quod ex altera parte appenditur, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> illa ſint accedit. </s> <s>Neque mo<lb></lb>tus frequentior ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> facit, vt grauius aliquid reddatur: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> natura non aſſueſcit, <lb></lb>verùm exequitur munera ſua ſecundùm <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> formæ, niſi impediatur: impedimentum verò du<lb></lb>plex eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vel quod labefactet <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm, relinquens actum primum ſaluum, non permit<lb></lb>tens ſolùm ipſum prodire in opus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hęc eſt ſpecies quædam affectionis, & accidentarium, quod<lb></lb>dam: vel etiam iam affecta forma per <expan abbr="oppoſitionẽ">oppoſitionem</expan>, vt res incipiat tendere ad interitum id quod <lb></lb>iam attingit eſſentiam. </s> <s>ferrum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſemper frigidum eſt, & <expan abbr="põderoſum">ponderoſum</expan>, niſi candeat, aut iam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2602"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuam amittere ceperit. </s> <s>Ex hoc redeamus ad illud, vnde diſceſsimus; fuit verò id vt intelligeretur, <lb></lb>quemadmodum locus ad mobilia ſe haberet, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tanquam forma quæ quidem per ſe appetitur <lb></lb>ab imperfectis, & eò magis, quominus ab eo diſtant, tum verò finis <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſuſtinet. </s> <s>ideò propter <lb></lb>illum celerius agitantur, vt eum conſequi poſsint. </s> <s>Et quoniam forma continet partes quæ ſunt <lb></lb>in motu, tanquam materiam, ideò quóque mobilia ipſa à loco <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> obtinent ad illum per <lb></lb>quam eo potiri cupiant: ab ipſo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non ſimpliciter, ſed quatenus in eo ſpatio vis cęleſtis extat <lb></lb>quæ conſeruet corpus quod in eo futurum eſt, ſiue indiuiduum propter ſimilitudinem, ſeu <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> <lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="oppoſitionẽ">oppoſitionem</expan>: fundatur autem corporibus ambientibus, & eo, quod mouetur. </s> <s>terra <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <lb></lb>centro ſeruatur eadem ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> quae ibi eſt, vnde beneficio celęſti fruitur, & ſua perfectione poti<lb></lb>tur; deinde quia cum cętera coniungitur, & cùm ſit maior, maiore virtute renititur oppugnanti<lb></lb>bus. </s> <s>Sed ibi etiam ex aqua fit terra, vt id reſtitui poſsit quod olim à <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> deuictum fuerit, & <lb></lb>cùm in locato ſit ratio vel habitus & affectionis, vel materiæ. </s> <s>materia verò conſeruetur à ſimili; <lb></lb>habitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & affectio à contrario. </s> <s>ſic locus nunc materiam ſimilitudine, mox habitum oppoſi <pb pagenum="417"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2603"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione <expan abbr="cõſeruat">conſeruat</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> non primò locus incutit ſui deſiderium corpori naturali, ſed id quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> afficit, & quaſi actu, aut virtute poſsidet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quia tale <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan> ſolùm, <lb></lb>ſed quae <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> exhibeat formam ei quod illò fertur, tum verò locus fit ſpecies ipſius vbi quod iam <lb></lb><expan abbr="præfinitũ">præfinitum</expan> eſt à cęteris qualitatibus, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>his ſiquando ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> impertiuntur, ſimul <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>vbi traditur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita incutit deſiderium, & mouet vt finis, quia, cùm ſit locus naturalis ſimplici<lb></lb>ter; debeat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> huic corpori quod nunc mouetur, fieri naturalis, & mouet, quoniam eſt ſimplici<lb></lb>ter; appetitur, quia, cùm ſit ſimpliciter; huic corpori nondum eſt huiuſmodi, ſicut anteà de fine <lb></lb>explicatum eſt. </s> <s>Nec ſine vi mouentis, vt efficiens, nec ſine habilitate mobilis hic motus admini<lb></lb>ſtratur: illud generans eſt, hæc materia iam à generante affecta quæ item, quo magis promota <lb></lb>fuerit à generante, & plus acceperit de potentia, non modo agitur efficacius, ſed bono proximè <lb></lb>imminenti, veluti ſitibundus quidam Tantalus aquis inhians quaſi ſponte prouehitur. </s> <s>Nam ſi<lb></lb>cut ille qui eſt in curſu, vel paullo momento pręcipitatur. </s> <s>ſic in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> opus <expan abbr="cõuenientibus">conuenientibus</expan> efficien<lb></lb>te quod mouet ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & materia. </s> <s>quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item fine qui <lb></lb>inſtans <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> oſtentat, & id quod ſuapte natura <expan abbr="expetendũ">expetendum</expan> eſt, ac naturaliter agens plus in proxi<lb></lb>mum poteſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in remotum; nulla reſtante <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> repugnantia. </s> <s>mirùm certè videri non de<lb></lb>bet; ſi velocius in quietem mobile <expan abbr="cõtendat">contendat</expan>, & velut in animis fortibus ſperata victoria vires in<lb></lb>geminat; ſic proxima loci adeptio, <expan abbr="quietiſq́">quietiſque</expan>. </s> <s>poſſeſsio naturæ vires addat, & ſuſcitet ſtimulos, vt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2604"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primùm bene ſe habeat, quod <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> omni rerum genere ſeu mortale, ſiue perpetuum, ſiue materia <lb></lb>concretum, ſiue liberum ſit, natum eſt, vt nullo vnquam tempore tolli poſsit. </s> <s>Has igitur cauſ<lb></lb>ſas eſſe credimus; cur in fine motus naturalis intendatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2597"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2598"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2599"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2600"></margin.target>b 5. Met. <lb></lb>c. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2601"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2602"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2603"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2604"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponitur ad explicandum locus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ordo tractationis adiungitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX his quæ iam pluribus anteà conſtituta ſunt, facile eſt noſſe fallaciam eius cauilli quo ter<lb></lb>ram ab externo moueri non poſſe <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> Auerrois auctoritate perſuaſi probare conabantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim inquiunt. </s> <s>Si terra ab externo moueretur, aut id pulſu fieret, aut tractu. </s> <s>Nec pulſu <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>; <lb></lb>quia velocior eſſet ille motus in principio. </s> <s>Neque item tractu. </s> <s>Nam traheret totum, aut locus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque totum ſanè, quia, ſi terra collocaretur in orbe Lunę; nihiloſecius hęc glęba moueretur <lb></lb>ad centrum. </s> <s>Neque item à loco. </s> <s>Nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> efficacitatis ineſt in loco, cùm ſit quantum. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>iam audiuimus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> pulſus & tractus poſsint eſſe motus naturales, & quo pacto gene<lb></lb>rans <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo moueat elementum. </s> <s>Quod autem pertinet ad hoc poſtremum. </s> <s>Certè ſi lo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2605"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cus naturalis eſſet ſpatium ſolùm, efficeretur id quod ipſi obiiciunt, ſed eſt <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> naturale quod <lb></lb>non eſt ſine qualitate naturali: quamobrem non <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> prorſus efficacitate priuatum eſt. </s> <s>Sed, cùm <lb></lb>tantum habeat momenti locus in motu; quippe qui ſit finis eius motus, qui ſit <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> princeps, <lb></lb>vt niſi ſit locus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> motus ipſe futurus ſit; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> naturalia mouerentur, niſi <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> aliquan<lb></lb>do eſſent adeptura, pertinebit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad inſtitutum noſtræ methodi de loco diſputare, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>alioqui Cemmeriis tenebris inuolutam, quod ad eius fieri poſsit, in <expan abbr="lucẽ">lucem</expan> reuocare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & alia <lb></lb>ſæpe de loco videntur alibi ab Ariſt. </s> <s>aſſumpta & approbata, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quæ tradidit 4. Phyſ. & contra <lb></lb>ſeriem quæ ſolet in methodis ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> teneri præcipuè: de quibus etiam, quia nil apud alios ſcri<lb></lb>ptum ſatis aptè perſpicimus; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inanem prorſus operam <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> futuram eſſe <expan abbr="cõfidimus">confidimus</expan>, ſi de hac <lb></lb>ipſa re nonnulla decernamus: quippe quae aut <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> dubitationem ſublaturi ſimus, aut ſaltem ad <expan abbr="ve-ſtigandã">ve<lb></lb>ſtigandam</expan> veritatem alios excitaturi. </s> <s>Quandoquidem 4. Phyſ. indiuidua loco excluſit Ariſtoteles. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deum tamen 8. <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> tractationis in certa cęlorum ſede collocauit. </s> <s>Prętereà ſtatuit locum con<lb></lb>tinere corpora, quemadmodum vas continet aquam: in libris verò de cęlo, tum etiam 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in indiuiduo locum ponere non dubitauit. </s> <s>Negauit item 4. Phyſ. magnitudines mathematicas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2606"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2607"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe in loco, quibus tamen <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> alibi <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aſsignauit. </s> <s>Idcirco, aut ea quæ de ipſo decreta longè anteà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2608"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerant, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> recantata fuiſſe videntur; quo nil turpius in accurata doctrina, aut non inſtituta <expan abbr="ſal-tẽ">ſal<lb></lb>tem</expan> à primis ſecundùm naturam, quæ maximè perſequi conſuerunt artificio ſi ſcriptores initio me<lb></lb>thodi, tum ne <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> repetitio fiat, quæ cùm ſit inanis, <expan abbr="obſcuritatẽ">obſcuritatem</expan> parit: tum etiam ne dum ſeor<lb></lb>ſum ſingula perpendimus, <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan>, & quæ per accidentia inſunt, inter <expan abbr="demonſtrandũ">demonſtrandum</expan> aſſumere <lb></lb>cogamur. </s> <s>Tum prætereà <expan abbr="cõferet">conferet</expan> <expan abbr="contẽplatio">contemplatio</expan> loci, quae eius explicatio maximum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="momẽtum">momentum</expan> <lb></lb>habitura ſit propter varietatem eorum quæ loco inhærent, quæ naturas adeò diuerſas <expan abbr="præſegerũt">præſegerunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem nos in primis Ariſtotelicę methodi <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> in medium afferemus, deinde ſingula <lb></lb>tractabimus. </s> <s>Locus igitur, vt inde incipiam, habendus eſt <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ad vnum, ad eum .ſ. </s> <s>qui <lb></lb>continet <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> vas, ipſa corpora, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> qui terminus eſt lationis: mouentur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea quæ ferun<lb></lb>tur, vt ſint in loco proprio; necnon ad illum, in quo aliquid eſſe dicitur, vt immobile: quo pacto <lb></lb>etiam indiuidua in loco eſſe, & potius hî, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alibi dicuntur. </s> <s>Rurſus locus ille qui veſtit, & ambit <lb></lb>corpora, aut ſpectatur ſine ſenſilibus qualitatibus, aut etiam ab ipſis non ſegregatur, ac ſine qua<lb></lb>litatibus ſenſilibus quatenus eſt quantum <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, habens item vim capiendi aliud quantum, vt <pb pagenum="418"></pb>huiuſmodi, nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> habita <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> quæ in ipſo ſunt, <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>; cum qualitatibus verò, quate<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2609"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus eſt aliquid corporis naturalis quod aut cum alio corpore naturali conſiſtit, aut ipſi aduerſa<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Cùm verò corpus & locus ſint quanta, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſine ſenſili qualitate ſpectari queant; huiuſ<lb></lb>modi autem ſint mathematica; planum eſt quae & mathematica ſunt in loco: <expan abbr="contraq.">contraque</expan> locus etiam <lb></lb>debetur mathematicis. </s> <s>Sed planè 4. Phyſ. non videtur philoſophus magnam habuiſſe rationem <lb></lb>loci illius qui cum qualitate ſenſili iunctus eſt: quapropter aut illa eſt tractatio loci mathemati<lb></lb>cè ſumpti, aut generatim <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="mathematicũ">mathematicum</expan> & naturalem, quia locus naturalis loci mathe<lb></lb>matici <expan abbr="cõditionibus">conditionibus</expan> potiatur: quandò naturalia ſe habent ex appoſitione ad mathematica, & re<lb></lb>uerà ſit eadem mathematica quantitas & naturalis, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>conſiderationis modo ſeparentur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hęc in Phyſiologia ſumitur, vt terminus corporis naturalis, hoc eſt, illius in quo <expan abbr="sẽſiles">senſiles</expan> qua<lb></lb>litates exiſtunt; illa ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſenſili qualitate cogitatione, <expan abbr="menteq́">menteque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeuocatur, quocirca etiam quan<lb></lb>titatis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> de qua 3. Phyſ. explicatum eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus ad naturalem pertinet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad mathematicum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ob eam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſam locus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>definitus, eſt cuiuſpiam corporis, non minus ſecundùm, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>præter naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> grauium minus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> leuium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in eo conſiderantur ſex differentiæ ſitus ſu<lb></lb>prà & infrà, dextrum & ſiniſtrum; antè & ponè ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſed ad nos ſolùm: tametſi <expan abbr="ple-runq.">ple<lb></lb>runque</expan> conueniunt in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eiuſmodi differentiæ, ſed longè abſolutior, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunior">communior</expan> ille locus eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſimpliciter naturalis. </s> <s>Quia tamen ſub hac notione acceptus locus eſt notior nobis, vt vnuſquiſ<lb></lb>que primo adſpectu <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in hoc ſignificatu accipiat, de natura verò loci illius quo <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan> mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2610"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus, & iam præſefert certas qualitates; nil ſine longiore eruditione <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>, quia nil de na<lb></lb>tura mobilium <expan abbr="diſputatũ">diſputatum</expan> adhuc, aut <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> extaret 4. Phyſ. factum fuiſſe <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt, vt locus <lb></lb>ibi definitus fuerit <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> ſignificatum <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>:; tametſi voces in eius definitione ſumptæ ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="pleraq.">pleraque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> loci ſignificata poſſunt <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tentauit animum meum hæc <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> duntaxat; <lb></lb>verùm etiam <expan abbr="Põponatij">Pomponatij</expan> Philoſophi præſtantiſsimi, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quare & ipſe teſtatus eſt ibi agi de loco ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2611"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cundùm famam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & nos Ariſt. </s> <s>imitati prius expediemus ſignificatum illud <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>, de<lb></lb>inde nos <expan abbr="cõuertemus">conuertemus</expan> ad ea quæ noſtræ huius methodi propria ſunt. </s> <s>Quoniam verò prius noſſe <lb></lb>oportet, an quippiam ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> definitionem eius afferre, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>tum per ſe, tum per accidens noteſcere <lb></lb>poſsit: quantum verò eſt de illius notitia per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, ſatis <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> aliquid eſſe, hoc eſt, <lb></lb>aliquid eſſe, quod capiat corpora diſtinctum à corporibus; lateat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quid hoc ſit, aut ſpatium in <lb></lb>quo nihil ſit prorſus, aut aliud quippiam; de illa notitia, qua per accidens locus eſſe cognoſcitur, <lb></lb>in præſentia nil agemus, ſed mox alteram aggrediemur ſtatis quibuſdam generalibus <expan abbr="notionib9">notionibus</expan> <lb></lb>de natura loci, ſuper quibus veluti fundamentis, certam loci definitionem erigemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> illud <lb></lb>ita manifeſtum erat, vt non defuerint qui putarint <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ ſunt, eſſe in loco, ac quicquid in loco <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2612"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet, nihil eſſe prorſus; quemadmodum ij qui præter ſubſtantias naturales & corporeas, nul<lb></lb>lius alterius ſuperioris habuere notitiá: in quibus numeratur Heſiodus: quapropter & ipſe do<lb></lb>cuit ante <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> genitum eſſe Chaos .i. </s> <s>capacitatem. <foreign lang="grc">χῶ</foreign>.n. idem eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">χωζἑω</foreign>, quod eſt capio, de<lb></lb>inde genitam fuiſſe terram, è qua item genitum fuerit cęlum: proptereaque <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> gigneretur quic<lb></lb>quam, opus eſſe videbatur loco, & ſpatio in quo res illa fieret, & genita permaneret: qua etiam <lb></lb>opinione ductus magnum quid attribuit loco, nimirùm, quae eſſet primum per ſe conſiſtens, ab aliis <lb></lb>ſeparabile, prius natura, atque principium, quòd ſine aliis ipſum exiſtere, alia verò ſiue illo ma<lb></lb>nere non poſſent; ſic etiam cęteris corruptis iri ſeruatum. </s> <s>Eius hæc erant verba.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2605"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2606"></margin.target>a T. 76.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2607"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2608"></margin.target>b 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2609"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2610"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2611"></margin.target>a Ad Sueſſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2612"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἤτοι μὲν πρώτιστα χάος γενέτ' ἀυτὰρ ἔπειτα<lb></lb> Ψαῖ̓ ἐυρύστερνος πάντων ἔδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ.</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Αθανάτων</foreign>. </s> <s>Mox.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Γάἐη γὰρ πρῶτον μὲν ιγείνατ' ἶσον ἑαυτῆ<lb></lb> Οὐρανὸν ἀστερόενθ' ἱνα μιν περι πάντα καλὑπτῳ</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2613"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2613"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ὅ φ' εἴη μακαζέσσι θεο̂ις ἔδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In primis genitum chaos est; ſed poſtmodo tellus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Facta patens, firnium cunctis fundamen habenda</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Cęlicolis. </s> <s>Tum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Terra etenim ſibi cùm primis ęquum generauit</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Lumina plura ferens, inuoluat vt <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan>, cęlum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Numinibus tutum vt ſolium queat eſſe beatis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Principij vim igitur obtinet locus, quia, ſi non re tale ſit, at ſaltem, quia tale exiſtimatum fuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem, cùm euidens ſit eo notitiæ genere quod eſt per accidens, eſſe aliquid huiuſmodi <lb></lb>quod nos in præſentia dicimus locum, nihil in hac ipſa re demonſtranda laborabimus.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea recenſentur quę ſenſus communis attribuit loco. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>LOCVS ille qui continet, & quem nos, quia ſic fama fert ſe habere locum, ad definiendum <lb></lb>ſuſcepimus, & communis, & proprius eſt, communis ille quidem qui plura continet corpora; </s></p> <pb pagenum="419"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2614"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proprius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> qui vnum corpus, nec quicquam complectitur amplius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & aër, & ædes, & <lb></lb>cubiculum me capit, ſed præter me etiam alia multa: quem verò ego <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> occupo, dum hîc ſedeo <lb></lb>ſcribens, ad aliud nullum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad me ipſum attinet. </s> <s>ſic illi communes magis minuſúe, prout plura <lb></lb>paucioraúe <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> poſſunt; hic mihi proprius eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic modo nobis eſt definiendus, vtpote na<lb></lb>tura prior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ille communis. </s> <s>etenim ex eo ſumus in ædibus, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> in cubiculo, & in cubiculo, quae <lb></lb>hîc ego, tu verò iſtîc, ſed prætereà multò obſcurior hic eſt, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ar-tificiũ">ar<lb></lb>tificium</expan> docentis expetit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> definitio tractari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & dialecticè, & analyticè. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>quære licet (quod dialectici munus eſt) Vtrùm hæc ſit huius rei definitio, vel ſimpliciter, vel ex <lb></lb>parte, an .ſ. </s> <s>hoc ſit huius rei genus, an non; analyticè verò, cùm quęritur quid eſt hoc: licet Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo loci definitionem tractauerit; nos tamen ex inſtituto noſtro rebus majoris <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> <lb></lb>incumbentes, analyticè definitionem loci conabimur aſsignare. </s> <s>Cùm verò quattuor ſint optimę <lb></lb>definitionis officia, quæ <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, niſi præſtet ad amuſsim, iam ab optimarum genere cadat. </s> <s>Primùm <lb></lb>quidem, quod eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> maximum, vt explicet, quid eſt id quod proponitur ad inquirendum: hoc <lb></lb>enim eſt illud quod de <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> re cupit aſſequi mens noſtra potiſsimè & ex euolutione formæ <lb></lb>conflatur, & <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> ita <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt non modò ſubſtantiarum notitia definitione paretur, quinimmo <lb></lb>nobis alio nullo ſuppeditetur inſtrumento: verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> accidentium ipſorum cognitio quorum pe<lb></lb>culiaris videtur eſſe demonſtratio, definitione demum abſoluatur. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> demoſtrantur, vt è de<lb></lb>monſtratione definitio exprimatur: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & ea definitio <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> in ipſius ſubſtantiæ notitiam re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2615"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dundat, cuius & quæritur quiditas, & reliqua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ cauſſas habent in ipſa: quapropter & de <lb></lb>illa demonſtrantur, & per eandem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> definiuntur. </s> <s>Alterum munus eſt, vt allata definitio prę<lb></lb>beat <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan> diſſoluendi <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ de re definita dubitata fuerint, vt puto, quid'nam præcipuè ſit <lb></lb>in quo genere collocandum, quæ ſint eius differentiæ, & alia quæ tum ad eſſentiæ partes indagan<lb></lb>das, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad inhærentia pertinent quæ à variis auctoribus, aut etiam à ſenſu <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> variis mo<lb></lb>dis accepta in varias partes diſtracta fuerint. </s> <s>Tertium <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, vt in definitione eluceant cauſſæ dubi<lb></lb>tandi, & occaſio difficultatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vera rei & abſoluta eſſentia declarata perſpicitur etiam <lb></lb>quantopere à vero aberrarint qui ſecus decreuerint rectum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iudex eſt ſui & obliqui, & verum <lb></lb>canon, & regula falſi: necnon quæ'nam ipſos ſimilitudo deceperit, quæ <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> perplexitatis <lb></lb>cauſſas eſſe ſolet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> periti munus eſſe dicebat Plato diſtinguere <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> à proprio, ſimile à diſ<lb></lb>ſimili, idem à diuerſo. </s> <s>Poſtremò cùm multa in re definienda ſint, præter ea quæ pertinent ad eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam, genera, inquam, & differentias in quæ <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> diſſoluitur definitio, accidentia .ſ. </s> <s>& ea quæ <lb></lb>per ſe inſunt in ſubiecto, vt hæc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ex definitione ſubiecti noſcantur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc, etſi cauſſas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2616"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alias præter eas quæ in ſubiecti definitione <expan abbr="cõtinentur">continentur</expan>, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> requirunt: attamen ex ipſo <expan abbr="erũ-punt">erun<lb></lb>punt</expan>, aut ſaltem cauſſam ſuam in eo reperiunt, & in eius principia reſoluuntur. </s> <s>Cùm ergo hæc <lb></lb>ſint præcipua definitionis rectæ munera: talem nos afferre nunc loci <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> ſtudebimus quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> hiſce muneribus ſatisfaciat, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>partibus omnibus perfecta habenda erit. </s> <s>Verumenimuero <lb></lb>inde ſumetur exordium illius indagandæ, vt exploremus ea quæ communis opinio tribuit loco: <lb></lb>erunt verò nobis inſtar hypotheſeon; vt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fabri patietes erigunt ad perpendiculi re<lb></lb>ctitudinem; ſic nos eam definitionem ponamus quæ cum illis optimè congruat, Et quanquam <lb></lb>illas in alium ſenſum trahi poſſe <expan abbr="cõfido">confido</expan>, vt reſpondeant <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> loci ſignificatis in Ariſtotelica me<lb></lb>thodo, cùm hîc locus ſecundùm <expan abbr="famã">famam</expan> proponatur, eas etiam rudius accipiemus, quatenus ad <expan abbr="lo-cũ">lo<lb></lb>cum</expan> huius ſignificati pertinent, alibi id analogiæ quod habent ad cętera loci ſignificata; fuſius enar<lb></lb>raturi. </s> <s>Numerantur verò hypotheſes iſtæ in notis nobis, quæ à ſenſu collecta, & rudius à mente <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõprehenſa">comprehenſa</expan>, quae manifeſtè perſpiciuntur eſſe in loco, manuducunt ipſam ad aliquid de eſſentia rei <lb></lb>decernendum, adhibito vſu viæ reſoluentis ex Ariſtotelico præcepto. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Multa verò ſunt quæ ſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2617"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus ipſe de loco ſuppeditat, & opinio <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> approbat quæ ante alia recenſebimus; deinde ſin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2618"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gulorum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> patefiet accuratius. </s> <s>Omnes autem in primis continendi facultatem loco attribuunt, <lb></lb>& quanquam hoc <expan abbr="verbũ">verbum</expan>, quod eſt Gręcè <foreign lang="grc">περιέχειν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>continere, multa ſignificat; hîc tamen idem <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> comprehendere & ambire id .ſ. </s> <s>quod in loco eſſe dicitur; ita vt, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vas quod<lb></lb>dam ad corpora quæ in ipſo ſunt, ſe habere videatur. </s> <s>Ita igitur <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> vas nihil eſt aquæ, <lb></lb>& humoris illius quod continetur; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> locus eſt aliqua pars eius quod eſt in loco. </s> <s>Quòd ſi <lb></lb>locus eſt, aut communis, aut proprius, & de proprio nobis anteà verba facienda ſunt; planum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>eſt eum non <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> minoremúe futurum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod in ipſo eſt, ſed <expan abbr="æqualẽ">æqualem</expan>; hoc eſt, vt apte con<lb></lb>gruat cum terminis eius quod eſt in loco, nam certè ſi fuerit maior; non ſolùm id quod in ipſo <lb></lb>corpus eſt, ſed aliud <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> continebit: non igitur amplius erit proprius locus, ſed communis de <lb></lb>quo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> agimus in præſentia; ſi verò fuerit minor, non <expan abbr="cõplectetur">complectetur</expan> planè corpus quod eſt in ipſo; <lb></lb>quapropter notio illa prima quam habemus de loco, non conſeruabitur. </s> <s>Varietas autem conte<lb></lb>xtus Ariſtotelici dubios interpretes reddidit de tertio loci attributo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> in <expan abbr="nõnullis">nonnullis</expan> <expan abbr="codicib9">codicibus</expan> <lb></lb>addita negatione legitur. [Neq. </s> <s>deſeri locum] & talis eſt hypotheſeos huiuſce ſententia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Locũ">Locum</expan> <lb></lb>non manere, vt <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> corpore priuatum, quia ſemper in <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> antecedens, nouum ſubinde <pb pagenum="420"></pb>corpus irrépat; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ab eo ſeiungi poſſe, quod eſt in loco: non eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum illo con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2619"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nexum. </s> <s>In aliis verò codicibus nota negationis omiſſa <expan abbr="ſcriptũ">ſcriptum</expan> eſt. [Deſeri locum] quod ſanè <lb></lb>poterit accipi à nobis in eam <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, vt enunciatio vna reipſa ſit, qua ſignificetur, locum non ita <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>corpore illo quod ambit, eſſe coniunctum, quin ab eo deſeri <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſeiungi poſsit. </s> <s>Sed noſtro qui<lb></lb>dem iudicio poſterior ſenſus ad <expan abbr="ſentẽtias">ſententias</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>magis <expan abbr="accõmodatur">accommodatur</expan>: tametſi parùm certè differt, <lb></lb>vtro modo locus ille ſcribatur. </s> <s>quandoquidem nos admoueat Ariſt. </s> <s>locum ex corporum trala<lb></lb>tione cognoſci; tum quae in eundem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> aliud ſuccedat; tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia corpus hoc quod hîc aderat, <lb></lb>aliò tranſlatum fuerit, prætereà, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> illum ſeruari, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ex eo diſceſſerit cor<lb></lb>pus antecedens, quod tamen ſenſus ille prior innuére videbatur, & illi qui ſpatio patrocinati <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb>anxiè defendebant. </s> <s>Nam, verbig. </s> <s>cùm hinc abiero, non neceſſariò locus iſte ſeruatur: quandò in <lb></lb>illud ſpatium quod ego prius occupabam, influere poſſunt aëris partes, aut <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinentis">continentis</expan>: hæ <lb></lb>verò cum toto <expan abbr="cõtinuantur">continuantur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſunt in reliquo aëre, vt in loco, ſed vt partes in toto. </s> <s>Huc acce<lb></lb>dit, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>proximè ſequentibus verbis ex tranſlatione <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> colligit differentiam quæ eſt in<lb></lb>ter id quod eſt eſſe in toto, & eſſe in loco. </s> <s>Et reuera ſeparatio accidentium à ſubſtantia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fit ſine <lb></lb><expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> interitu: ſola <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſubſtantia ſeparatur, vt ſit ſuperſtes. </s> <s>Quare ſeparatio in accidente potius <lb></lb>notat carentiam in ſubiecto, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ſubiectum ſine illo exiſtat, quàm quae <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ſeparatum à ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia vllo modo <expan abbr="cõſeruetur">conſeruetur</expan>. </s> <s>Niſi fortè locum ſeparari, & permanere accipiamus; non ſanè <expan abbr="cu-iuſq.">cu<lb></lb>iuſque</expan> <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, ſed prima loca naturalia quæ ſunt loca ſimpliciter; vnde etiam loca apud nos ſuas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2620"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differentias aſſecuta ſunt ſuprà & infrà. (ad hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reſpicientes inferius terram collocamus, <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> <lb></lb>verò ſuperius) <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea ſemper manent, quanuis ab hoc aut illo corpore deferantur. </s> <s>Ita ſepara<lb></lb>tio loci erit ad ſingularia corpora. </s> <s>At quia non ab <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> deſeruntur; nec vllum corpus euitare <lb></lb>poteſt, quin fit in aliquo ex ipſis; locus ſi ſimpliciter accipiatur, <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſeparari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Vltima <lb></lb>hypotheſi <expan abbr="cõprehenduntur">comprehenduntur</expan> loci differentiæ quæ ſunt ſex. </s> <s>ſuprà, infrà, dextrà, ſiniſtrà, antè & po<lb></lb>ne, quæ item in corporibus exiſtunt bifariam, vel ex natura, vel ad nos. </s> <s>Sed quoniam de loco agi<lb></lb>tur, reuera propter notitiam ſubſtantiarum naturalium, cùm ſit affectiò quædam <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> corpo<lb></lb>ris naturalis: quanuis generatim de loco verba fiant, tam mathematico <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> naturali: nihilominus, <lb></lb>quia prius de naturali diſſeritur, licet ſecundùm <expan abbr="vulgatã">vulgatam</expan> loci <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan>; differentiæ illæ ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam accipiantur à nobis, ita tamen, vt quatenus etiam nos ipſos reſpiciunt, non <expan abbr="excludãtur">excludantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>& cùm inter ipſas ſuprà ſit & infrà quæ ſunt eædem ad nos, & ex natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illæ primas ferant <lb></lb>notione loci; nil abſurdi conſequitur, ſi, quæ ſecundùm naturam ſunt, ad nos ſolùm in rudiore lo<lb></lb>ci explicatione ſpectentur. </s> <s>Immobilitas <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> loco conſueuit adſcribi. </s> <s>Verùm quia de ipſa po<lb></lb>ſteà plura dicenda ſunt, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="docendũ">docendum</expan>, an'ne pars definitionis, aut loci attributum ſit <expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan> in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2621"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>his hypotheſibus quę hactenus enarratæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, in hoc primo diſputationis <expan abbr="cõgreſſu">congreſſu</expan> <expan abbr="cõquieſcemus">conquieſcemus</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2614"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2615"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2616"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2617"></margin.target>a 7. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2618"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2619"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2620"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2621"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Indagatur via compendiaria definitio loci. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB his tranſeo nunc ad ea quæ ſunt intima loci, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius eſſentiam, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſub oculos <expan abbr="ponũt">ponunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si igitur ea quę mouentur, ita moueri exiſtimantur, quia mutant <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, perſpicuum in pri<lb></lb>mis eſt eſſe locum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi canon ille analyticus verus eſt; ita nimirùm ſe habere mentem no<lb></lb>ſtram ad quæſtionem, quid eſt, quémadmodum ſe habet ad quæſtionem ſit'ne res: profectò, cùm <lb></lb>motus proximè monſtret nobis eſſe locum, etiam ex eo proximè ſumetur occaſio cognoſcendi quid <lb></lb>ipſe ſit. </s> <s>Ab hoc igitur exordiamur, & experiamur quantum ipſe valeat in hac re euoluenda. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> primùm cùm motus genera plura ſint, & ea quæ mouentur, pluribus moueantur modis; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>noſſe oportet non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa quæ <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> pacto mouentur, perducere nos in <lb></lb>loci cognitionem, ſed inter genera motuum latio & mutatio ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, id tantummodò <lb></lb>præſtant; affectio verò & permutatio ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſariò, & niſi quatenus cùm illis tranſmu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2622"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatio quanti coniuncta eſt. </s> <s>Tum quia mutatio <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> fieri confertim, & in eodem loco manente il<lb></lb>lo quod alteratur, tum prætereà quae id quod gignitur, per ſe non eſt: hoc verò <expan abbr="nusq̃">nusquam</expan> eſſe poteſt, & <lb></lb>inter illas id efficit perſpicuè latio: ſiquidem ea quę feruntur, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> locum <expan abbr="cõmutent">commutent</expan>, hîc cùm ſint, <lb></lb><expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> moueantur, alibi verò, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> mota fuerint: mutatio quanti <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> euariat vniuerſum locum, <lb></lb>ſed ibidem mouendo ſemper maius occupant minuſúe ſpatium ea quæ mutantur, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>metalla quæ cuduntur. </s> <s>Idcirco nos locum maximè cęlo tribuere conſueuimus, quòd maximè <lb></lb>ipſum locum mutare perſpicimus. </s> <s>Nam ſol quàm paruo temporis ſpatio modo eſt in ortu, mox <lb></lb>occidet, vt elegantiſsimè poëtæ cecinerunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2622"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Labitur occultè, <expan abbr="fallitq́">fallitque</expan>. </s> <s>volubilis ętas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et celer amiſſis labitur annus equis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ſic omnem locum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> ſuperum appellare <expan abbr="cõſueuimus">conſueuimus</expan>; ita verò <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> cęlo tribui puto propter par<lb></lb>tes .ſ. </s> <s>quæ mouentur. </s> <s>Sed intereà quæ mutant locum, ſunt verò illa quæ feruntur; actu <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> mo<lb></lb>uentur, vt ego, dum ambulo, alia mouentur ex aliorum motu, & per accidens, velut ea quę <expan abbr="mecũ">mecum</expan> <pb pagenum="421"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2623"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſo mouentur, animus accidens quod omne inhæret, & veſtis. </s> <s>atqui & horum nonnulla etiam à <lb></lb>me ſeparata moueri queunt, alia nunquam per ſe mouentur, & veſtis quidem, vbi fuerim exu<lb></lb>tus, per ſe ipſa mouetur, albedo quæ in me eſt, per ſe eſt immobilis, quî enim moueatur, ſi ſe<lb></lb>parari nequit, aut ſeparata ſubſiſtere? </s> <s>Prætereà partes corporis, ſiue eiuſdem rationis cum to<lb></lb>to fuerint, velut in animo carentibus, ſeu talis ambiguè, quemadmodum in animatis, vbi fue<lb></lb>rint à toto ſegregatæ, tamen habent etiam aliquam naturam per quam à toto ſecretæ ſubſiſtant <lb></lb>(niſi fort&egrave ; paruitas obſtet) & ſint vt tota <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>, & per ſe ſubſiſtentes occupent locum. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb>obrem inter ea quæ mouentur per accidens, eſt quidam gradus. </s> <s>Sicut ergo non eſt omnium <lb></lb>ratio par; ſic probabile eſt non omnia nobis æquè <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> monſtrare, ſed illa planè indicabunt; quæ <lb></lb>item per ſe <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> moueri contingit, & illa <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> cum actu ſint, hoc eſt, per ſe à cęteris ſe<lb></lb>parata ſubſiſtant. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ea quæ ſunt in loco per ſe, ſunt in loco quodam proprio, non pote<lb></lb>rit eſſe aliter proprius locus, quàm ſi locato fuerit æqualis. </s> <s>tum verò æqualis fuerit, cùm fuerit in <lb></lb>extremo corpore quod nos ambit, & illud ſit quod nos continet primò, vt nihil aliud vltra nos <lb></lb>amplectatur. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt quod eſt in toto, ſeparetur ab eo quod eſt in loco, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quę ſunt in <lb></lb>toto, cùm toto continuantur; at id quod eſt in loco, continuum cum loco non eſt, ſed & conti<lb></lb>nens & id quod continetur, ſuis propriis ipſorum terminis quodque, diſcluduntur. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2624"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi vbi primùm à toto ſeparata fuerint, tum exiſtunt in loco per ſe, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan> ſunt in loco primò cùm <lb></lb>ſunt in illius extremo, quod contiguum eſt, & proximè continet, hoc verò eſt illi æquale quod <lb></lb>continetur, quia nil inter ipſa interiicitur, itaque vnius termini non ſuperant terminos alterius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur illud extremum corporis continentis erit locus quem nos in pręſentia veſtigamus. </s> <s>Præte<lb></lb>reà partès in toto non per ſe mouentur, ſed ex totius motu duntaxat agitaniur, vbi ſeiunctæ fue<lb></lb>rint à roto, ſiue prorſus ab eo ſeparatę, ſiue etiam connexæ, dummodò non ſint, vt in animali; <lb></lb>manente reliquo corpore per ſe moueri poſſunt: at id quod eſt in loco per ſe, ita ſe habet, vt ab <lb></lb>alio nullo pendeat eius motus. </s> <s>ſiquidem & totum moueri queat parte immobili permanente. <lb></lb></s> <s>Niſi fortè pars illa prima fuerit, vnde originem habet motus in iis quæ mouentur ab interno <lb></lb>principio quę nos accepimus eſſe viuentia: quanquam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa pars mutat locum, <expan abbr="vereq́">vereque</expan>. </s> <s>mo<lb></lb>uetur, ſed velut ea quæ creſcunt & minuuntur: nam contrahi illam & expandi oportet, ſi mo<lb></lb>tus in animante ſit extiturus. </s> <s>Perſuadet item ſenſus <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> parti non eſſe tribuendum locum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam pars in continuo dicitur eſſe in toto, vt pars; at dum ſeparatur à toto, dicitur ab eo conti<lb></lb>neri, & eſſe in eo, tanquam in vaſe contrà quæ ſunt in loco, in ipſo ita ſunt, vt eius partes non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2625"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſint, verùm in eo, velut in vaſe conſiſtant. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt ſiquis via planiſsima reperire velit eſſen<lb></lb>tiam loci; is accipiat totum, & ab illo amputet partem quæ per ſe ſubſiſtere valeat, & amputa, <lb></lb>tam ibidem permanere patiatur: tum fiet, vt habeat ea pars omnes conditiones eorum quæ ſunt <lb></lb>in loco per ſe: erit enim ab illo ſeparata in quo eſt, per ſe mouebitur, & erit in quodam continen<lb></lb>te primo: ſiquidem communis ille terminus, quo cum reliquis iungebatur ea pars quæ ampu<lb></lb>tata eſt, actu diuidatur, & exiſtant duo qui ſunt inter ſe omnino æquales; quorum alter erit ex<lb></lb>tremum corporis continentis, alter autem eius quod continetur. </s> <s>ille igitur erit locus qui eſt <lb></lb>terminus continentis. </s> <s>Proinde id quod eſt in loco, totum quidem à loco comprehenditur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>tamen, vt ſecundùm omnes dimenſiones ad illud locus aptetur: verùm ſecundùm ſuperficiem <lb></lb>ſolam, nam per hanc æqualis eſt ipſi locato. </s> <s>At verò cùm vas etiam contineat, tanquam locus, <lb></lb>& ab eo quod continetur, diſtrahi poſsit, necnon eius extrema ſimul ſint cum extremis illius <lb></lb>quod continetur, accedat item aliquid oportet quo vas à loco diſtinguatur; hoc autem eſt, quia <lb></lb>vas transferri poteſt, locus verò nequaquam. </s> <s>Ergo vna erit definitio loci. </s> <s>Extremum corpo<lb></lb>ris continentis, quatenus immobile. </s> <s>Sic optimè loci definitio colligetur, non ſanè ſyllogiſmo; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2626"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neque enim quid eſt ſyllogiſmo <expan abbr="cõcluditur">concluditur</expan>, neque via diuidente, quòd nullam pręſeferat neceſ<lb></lb>ſitatem, ſed vt Gręcis placere video per vim conſecutionis quę amplius quiddam eſt, quàm ne<lb></lb>ceſsitas ſyllogiſtica, vt facta ſolùm conuerſione cuiuſdam concluſionis loci definitionem aſſe<lb></lb>quamur, hoc modo, ſi Græcos & Auerroëm audiamus. </s> <s>Illud à quo primo, vt immobili, conti<lb></lb>nentur ea quæ per ſe mouentur, eſt locus primus. </s> <s>Sed ab extremo corporis continentis ita con<lb></lb>tinentur ea quę per ſe mouentur. </s> <s>Extremum igitur corporis continentis eſt locus primus. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ea ſit prędicatio ſecundi modi, quia definitum de definitione tanquam attributum de ſubiecto il<lb></lb>lo prędicatur, quod Ariſt. </s> <s>appellat primum excipiens; licet item eam conuertere ad hunc <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Locus eſt extremum corporis continentis. </s> <s>Verùm, ſi mihi quicquam aſſumere licet; videtur hęc <lb></lb>eſſe definitio quæ minor eſt propoſitionis terminus, & cauſſa prædicati; <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> verò eſſe corpus <lb></lb>mobile per ſe, quod tamen in ea non pronunciatur, ſed per <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> conſecutionis includitur; ita, <lb></lb>vt reſtet, eam eſſe <expan abbr="formalẽ">formalem</expan> loci definitionem; quocirca nec aliquo ſyllogiſmo confirmabitur, ſed <lb></lb>perſuadebitur admonitionibus, quæ ſanè parabuntur ea reſoluendo, in ſua <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> primordia quæ, <lb></lb>de natura loci nobis perſpecta fuerunt. </s> <s>Et ex his apparet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> dictum eſt 4. Phyſ. <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe extremum corporis continentis. </s> <s>Illa enim quæ per ſe mouentur in loco ſunt; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſunt in <pb pagenum="422"></pb>extremo corporis continentis primò, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> locus ſit extremum ipſum continentis. </s> <s>Idcirco locus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2627"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per ſe, & quatenus ipſum, conuenit extremo corporis continentis. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt inania ſint <lb></lb>ea verba quæ à Simplicio definitioni Ariſtotelicę apponuntur. <foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὅσουάπτει τῷ πεζιεχομὲνῳ</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>hoc eſt, quatenus aptatur ad id quod continetur. </s> <s>Iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex vi conditionum quæ notionem loci <lb></lb>conſtituunt, apparet hęc ſibi ineſſe, quatenus huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Ex his item ſicuti perſuademur locum <lb></lb>eſſe continentis extremum, ducimur ad credendum illum quoque non eſſe formam. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>hactenus conſtitit locum nil eius eſſe quod eſt in loco, & quod continetur à loco. </s> <s>at forma con<lb></lb>tinet quidem. </s> <s>ſed eſt aliquid eius quod continetur. </s> <s>Eſt ſanè ſimul cum eo locus quod eſt in lo<lb></lb>co: veruntamen eius nihil eſt, quod ſcilicet id conſtituat quod ipſe continet, aut aliquo pacto ſu<lb></lb>ſcipiatur in eius eſſentia.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2623"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2624"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2625"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2626"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2627"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur Textus 37. Quarti Phyſ. vbi diſſeritur, vtrùm locus ſit diſtantia, <lb></lb>nec ne. </s> <s>Caput XLIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVI non conniuentibus hæc fortaſſe perſpicua: illa & admodum vigilantibus obſcu<lb></lb>riſsima, & quæ traxerint Ariſt. </s> <s>interpretes in varias <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> valde firmas cogitationes, quæ at<lb></lb>tulit ipſemet aduerſus eos qui locum eſſe <expan abbr="cenſuerũt">cenſuerunt</expan>, aut materiam, aut <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan> quod quidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2628"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à corpore ſeparari poſſet; nihilominus totidem <expan abbr="mẽſuras">menſuras</expan> haberet, quot habet ipſum corpus quod <lb></lb>eſt in loco, longitudinem nimirùm, latitudinem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altitudinem. </s> <s>Operęprecium igitur me fa<lb></lb>cturum putabo, ſi loca illa Ariſt. </s> <s>interprętatus fuero diligentius. </s> <s>Vt autem ordiamur à primis, <lb></lb>obſeruemus ante alia quæ dicit ipſe contra diſtantiam, eius autem hæc verba ſunt. </s> <s>“Si verò eſſet <lb></lb>aliquod ſpatium natura, ac manens in eodem loco, infinita vtique eſſent loca. </s> <s>tranſlato enim <lb></lb>aëre & aqua idem faciunt partes omnes in toto quod nunc tota aqua in vaſe, ſimul autem <lb></lb>& locus erit mutatus: quare erit loci, & alius locus & multa loca ſimul erunt. </s> <s>non eſt autem <lb></lb>alius locus partis in quo mouetur, cùm totum vas transfertur, ſed idem. </s> <s>In quo enim ſunt, <lb></lb>viciſsim transferuntur aër & aqua, aut partes aquę, ſed non, in quo ſunt loco qui pars eſt eius <lb></lb>loci qui eſt locus totius cęli.” Ita verò loquitur Ariſtoteles. <foreign lang="grc">Ἐιδ' ἦν τὶ τὸ διάστημα τὸ πεφυ<lb></lb>κὸς καὶ μὲνον ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ τόπῷ ἄπειροι ἂν ἡσαν οἱ τόποι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">μεθισταμὲνου γάρ τοῦ ὑδατος καὶ τοῦ <lb></lb>ἀέρος, τὸ ἀυτὸ ποιησει τὰ μόρια ἁπαντα ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ, ὁπερ ἂν τὸ ὑδωρ ἐν τῷ ἀγγείῳ. ἁμα δὲ <lb></lb>καὶ ὁ τόπος ἔσται μεταβάλλων. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὡστε ἔσται καὶ τοῦ τόπου ἄλλος τόπος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ πολλοι π́ποι ἁμα ἔσον<lb></lb>ται. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὐκ ἔστι δε ἀλλος τόπος ὁ τοῦ μορίου, ἐν ᾧ κινεῖται, ὁταν τὸ ὁλον ἀγγεῖον μεθιστηται, ἀλλ' ὁ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2629"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>αὐτὸς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἐν ᾦ γὰῤ ἐστιν ἀντιμεθισταται ὁ ἀηρ καὶ τὸ ὑδωρ καὶ τὰ μόρια τοῦ ὑδατος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν ᾧ <lb></lb>γινονται τόπῳ ὁστ' ἐστὶ τόπος ὁλου τοῦ οὐζανοῦ</foreign>. </s> <s>Ex his verbis tria primùm colligi videntur argu<lb></lb>menta quibus probetur locum non eſſe diſtantiam. </s> <s>erat autem diſtantia, quemadmodum ex <lb></lb>eius inuentoribus coniicere licet, ſpatium vnum tribus dimenſionibus comprehenſum quod <lb></lb>cælum & mundum vniuerſum complectebatur; eius verò partes erant totidem, quot ſunt ea <lb></lb>quæ poſſunt eſſe in loco, atque illæ quidem in actu, & perpetuò permanentes. </s> <s>In hanc poſi<lb></lb>tionem inuehitur Ariſtoteles conſtructis rationibus ab oppoſito conſequentis, hoc pacto. </s> <s>Pri<lb></lb>mùm ſi locus eſſet diſtantia quæ per ſe ſubſiſteret, & in eodem loco maneret, infinita eſſent lo<lb></lb>ca. </s> <s>Sed loca infinita eſſe nequeunt; ergo neque talis diſtantia in rerum natura conſiſtet. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>vnde extet illius coniuncti veritas, non ſatis perſpicuè colligitur ex interpretibus eius loci: <lb></lb>quandoquidem omnes in id inciderint, vt abſurdum fecerint quod eſſet item abſurdum apud <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem; aut, ſi abſurdum non eſt apud ipſum; neque item apud eos abſurdum foret ha<lb></lb>bendum. </s> <s>Etenim inquiunt, ſequi id ex eo, quòd infinita eſſe poſſunt ea quæ ſunt in loco: nam <lb></lb>continua quæ ſunt in loco poſſunt diuidi in infinitum. </s> <s>sed enim ſi ponamus etiam locum eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2630"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuperficiem continentis, quemadmodum Ariſtoteli placuit; attamen & tum ſequeretur loca <lb></lb>eſſe infinita. </s> <s>Non igitur ex infinitate partium deducendum fuit illud abſurdum. </s> <s>Laborauit <lb></lb>in ea probatione multum Ioannes Grammat. </s> <s>& demum Tex. 65. loci ſuperioris expoſitionem ſa<lb></lb>tis aptam in medio poſuit: videlicet (in hoc enim manet vniuerſum robur eius argumenti) <lb></lb>quòd continua diuidi poſsint in infinitum, vbi fingamus illam diſtantiam totum aliquod con<lb></lb>tinuum penetrare: quoniam partes eius ſunt infinitæ, ſingulæ verò locum ſuipſarum proprium <lb></lb>aſſequentur; ergo infinita quoque loca eſſe oportebit. </s> <s>At mihi ſuſpecta eſt hæc expoſitio non <lb></lb>ſine cauſſa. </s> <s>In primis enim partes in continuo non ſunt infinitæ, niſi poteſtate, & ſecun<lb></lb>dùm actum illum diuiſionis, qui imperfectus eſt, &, vt aiunt in fieri; non autem ſecundùm <lb></lb>eum qui perfectus eſt, & facto eſſe conſiſtit: ſi enim infinitæ ſint actu, quid prohibebit, quomi<lb></lb>nus etiam totum ſit infinitum? </s> <s>Rurſus eſto, quòd partes eo modo ſint infinitæ, ſicut abſur<lb></lb>dum non eſt hoc, ſic neque abſurdum erit infinitas eſſe diſtantias, & infinita loca. </s> <s>& ita re<lb></lb>ſiſtere obiectioni, quemadmodum quoque reſiſtebat Ariſtoteles, vbi cum Zenone diſſeruit, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt nobis vitium vertendum non ſit, ſi tali quoque inuento cum Philopono congrediamur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2631"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="423"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2632"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Tum tertiò, quòd hæc expoſitio in idem recidit, atque ſuperior. </s> <s>quid enim habet hoc abſurdi, <lb></lb>quòd infinitæ ſint partes, & infinita loca poteſtate? </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>euitabunt hanc rationem auctores <lb></lb>item diſtantiæ; quippe quæ nil inculcet abſurdi rerum naturæ. </s> <s>Idcirco fidem ex eo puto huic <lb></lb>argumento adhibendam eſſe, quia ponatur illa diſtantia in actu. </s> <s>Quamobrem cùm locus, qua<lb></lb>tenus huiuſmodi, apud illos in actu ſit, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſemper, etiam poſita partium infinitate in con<lb></lb>tinuo quæ ſit per ſucceſsionem, & in totius temporis vniuerſitate quæ in immenſum Ariſt. </s> <s>au<lb></lb>ctore producitur, abſurdum hoc conſequi puto: quandoquidem eſt ſemper actu diſtantia cu<lb></lb>iuſque partis; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam actu infinitæ quæ ſint corpora quælibet excepturæ, quod ſanè <lb></lb>prius fuerat acerrimè confutatum. </s> <s>Illuſtratur autem ab Ariſt. </s> <s>res hæc exemplis. </s> <s>Nam finga<lb></lb>mus, inquit, <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> vniuerſam, aut aërem qui continetur in vaſe, locum mutare: cum ipſo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>omnes eius partes locum per ſe mutabunt. </s> <s>non ſecus atque tota aqua, aut aër. </s> <s>Sed cùm infinitæ <lb></lb>poſsint eſſe partes in continuo propter infinitam ipſius diuiſionem: ergo diſtantiæ quæ ſunt lo<lb></lb>ca ſingularum actu, <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>permanentes, erunt actu infinitæ. </s> <s>Secundum argumentum fuit <lb></lb>huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Si locus diſtantia, mutaret locum. </s> <s>At quia locus eſt immobilis, id fieri nequit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc verò neceſſariò ſequi, ſic conſtat. </s> <s>Nam pone tu aquam in vaſe, vt in loco, in diſtantia vaſis, <lb></lb>vbi vas transferatur: vtique etiam transferri diſtantiam illam & proptereà locum oportebit. </s> <s>eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2633"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim tota diſtantia quæ terminatur concaua ſuperficie vaſis, locus aquę: atqui vas ipſum tranſ<lb></lb>fertur: ergo & locus item cum ipſo transferetur. </s> <s>Tertium verò. </s> <s>Si locus eſſet diſtantia multa <lb></lb>loca ſimul eſſent. </s> <s>At hoc etiam fieri nequit. </s> <s>Neque enim minus abſurdum eſt duo loca ſimul <lb></lb>eſſe, quàm duo corpora inter ſe penetrare. </s> <s>Patet autem illa connexio: quia finge tu aquam in <lb></lb>vaſe: iam erit in diſtantia vaſis, vt in loco. </s> <s>mox hoc idem vas in aliud coniicito: erit tota aqua <lb></lb>cum vaſe in diſtantia maioris illius vaſis, atque ita diuerſæ diſtantiæ corpus idem <expan abbr="cõplectentur">complectentur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Idcirco multa ſimul erunt loca; quod, cùm opinioni communi repugnet, abiicendum eſt: cùm <lb></lb>cęteroquin illud etiam natura non patiatur eſſe multa interualla ſimul: quippe quòd ſuopte <lb></lb>impulſu diſcludantur. </s> <s>Hæc ſanè conſequuntur eos, qui arbitrantur locum eſſe diſtantiam, quę <lb></lb>certè nullum negocium faceſſunt iis qui ſtatuunt locum eſſe terminum corporis continentis, <lb></lb>quemadmodum voluit Ariſt. </s> <s>atque illum quidem extremum, & id quod eſt in loco, totum ſa<lb></lb>nè in loco eſſe; verùm per ſuperficiem ſolam; non autem per vniuerſam diſtantiam. </s> <s>Primùm <lb></lb>quidem, quia partes non habent locum ſui ipſarum proprium in quo <expan abbr="maneãt">maneant</expan>, vbi cum toto con<lb></lb>iunctæ ſint: quare etiam ſi infinitæ fuerint, vel poteſtate, vel actu; non idcirco locorum nume<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2634"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rus augetur in infinitum; etiam ſi fuerint actu diſtantiæ, quemadmodum auctore ipſius decre<lb></lb>uere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi Ariſt. </s> <s>affert conſequens illud, tanquàm eiuſmodi vt fieri nequeat: tamen in <lb></lb>probando ſuum illum locum qui extremus eſt ambientis corporis terminus, occurrit, vt prouer<lb></lb>bio fertur, ad ianuam, & eius opinionis fundamenta ex eo quae loca pro <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> numero multipli<lb></lb>centur, euertit. </s> <s>Neque item locus erit mobilis: nam, tametſi vas agitatur, in quo eſt aqua; tamen <lb></lb>locus non mutatur: eſt enim ſemper in eodem loco, donec à vaſe hauriatur. </s> <s>Neque locus mutat <lb></lb>per ſe locum, quia totum quidem vas eſt in aliquo loco per ſe, & mutat locum, ſed ea quæ ſunt <lb></lb>in vaſe, conſeruant eundem locum. </s> <s>Neque multa loca ſimul exiſtunt: verùm aqua eſt in ſuo lo<lb></lb>co, nimirùm in interna ſuperficie vaſis, à qua primò continetur, non autem in alio vaſe, ſed vas <lb></lb>ipſum, quod primò continet aquam, cùm aqua quæ continetur, eſt in alio vaſe, atque hoc poſtre<lb></lb>mum in aëre. </s> <s>Aperta noſtri loci ſententia, non ab re fuerit, ſi euoluam aliquot verba contextus, <lb></lb>quæ multam difficultatem Latinis maximè <expan abbr="pepererũt">pepererunt</expan> ob alienæ linguæ inſcitiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> id quod <lb></lb>dicitur [ſpatium manens in eodem loco] non ita accipiendum eſt, quaſi ſpatium hoc, quod ha<lb></lb>bet tres dimenſiones, in loco ponatur. </s> <s>perinde quaſi ab alio contineri debeat, ſed accipitur im<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2635"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propriè tanquàm nota rei illius quæ eſt, & circunſcribit rei præſentiam, quemadmodum ſi dice<lb></lb>remus, hî eſt punctus, aut punctum eſſe alicubi: nam vulgus ſolet id quod eſt, etiam nomine <lb></lb>loci notare, vbi locorum eſt? </s> <s>inquiens, & aliquid non eſſe, quia nuſquam ſit, idcirco venit item <lb></lb>in eam ſententiam, quam legimus probaſſe Zenonem, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Omnia ſcilicet, quæ ſunt, eſſe in loco, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2636"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ tamen falſa eſt. </s> <s>ſed, ſi fortè dicitur illa eſſe alicubi; aliter non eſſe, locus impropriè ſumitur, <lb></lb>tanquam circunſcribens ipſius rei præſentiam. </s> <s>Sic Deum dicimus eſſe in cælis. [Natum verò <lb></lb>aptum] cùm adiectus ſit articulus <foreign lang="grc">τὸ πεφυκὸς</foreign>, definitum eſt ad id ſignificandum quod anteà <lb></lb>dictum fuerat. </s> <s>aptum natum tangi, ſeu tangere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> huiuſmodi ſunt corpora quæ ſunt in lo<lb></lb>co propriè, non continua, veluti partes: ita inter ſe tangunt locus, & id quod eſt in loco. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>ſpatium, quod aptum eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἁπτεσθαι</foreign>. </s> <s>Poſt hæc Ariſt. </s> <s>his verbis [Non eſt verò alius locus partis] <lb></lb>oſtendit, cur eadem abſurda, & eiuſmodi quæ fieri non poſsint, non itidem eueniant, ſi ponatur <lb></lb>locus, quemadmodum ab ipſo conſtitutus eſt. </s> <s>Extrema, ſuperficies corporis continentis. </s> <s>Cauſſa <lb></lb>autem hæc reddi videtur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi vas totum mouetur, non eſt alius locus partis; appellat au<lb></lb>tem partem totius vaſis, aquam, accipiens totum, vt ad alium locum, in quo vas eſt, dimiſſa <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>capacitatis; velut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> multò antè ſecerat, vbi .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="quęſitũ">quęſitum</expan> fuerat, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> an aliquid eſſe poſſet in ſeipſo. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2637"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="424"></pb>Quare ſic ego ſeruato Græciſmo ſtruerem hunc locum, & interpoſitione vocis animaduerſa quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2638"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>non inſueta eſt. <foreign lang="grc">ἐν ᾧ γὰῤ ἐστὶν ἀντιμεθισταται</foreign>. .i. <foreign lang="grc">ἐκεινο γὰρ ἐν ᾧ</foreign>. </s> <s>hoc eſt, illud in quo eſt, <lb></lb>mutatur; in quo eſt, inquam, aër & aqua, & partes aquæ. </s> <s>vbi etiam notatur, partes ipſas locum <lb></lb>per ſe non mutare, quod euertit primum illud quod fieri non poterat. <foreign lang="grc">ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν ῷ γινονται τό<lb></lb>πῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. <foreign lang="grc">ἀλλ' οὐ τόπος, ἐν ᾦ γινονται</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>at non locus, in quo ſunt, phraſi admodum conſuera Gręcis, <lb></lb>ille enim permanet qui locus eſt pars loci totius, veluti locus ille, quem occupat aqua, quæ con<lb></lb>tinetur in illo primo & minore vaſe, de quo loco ſuprà dictum erat, vt etiam cauſſa reddatur, ob <lb></lb>quam ſit idem locus: eſt enim idem, quia pars totius: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> totus mutatur .i. </s> <s>mutatur ſolùm lo<lb></lb>cus communis, non autem proprius ipſius aquæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de eo, quae locus non ſit actu diſtantia.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2628"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2629"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2630"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2631"></margin.target>a 6. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2632"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2633"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2634"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2635"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2636"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2637"></margin.target>b 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2638"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Interpretatio Textus 38. eiuſdem libri quo diſſeritur, an locus ſit materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXISTIMATVS <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> locus eſt materia, quae ſecum habeant ſibi illud commune, quòd <lb></lb>excipiant. </s> <s>Verùm quòd non ſit materia, concludit mox Ariſt. </s> <s>cuius item verba ad hoc per<lb></lb>tinentia ſunt perpendenda. <foreign lang="grc">Καὶ ἡ ὑλη δόξειν ἂν εἷναι τόπος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">εἴγε ἐν ἠρεμοοῦτ' τις σκοποιη. καὶ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2639"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>μὴ κεχρωισμὲνῳ ἀλλὰ συνεχεῖ. ὡσπερ γὰρ εἰ ἀλλοιοῦται, ἐστι τι ὃ μὴ λευκὸν, πάλιν δὲ μέλαν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"><lb></lb>καὶ νῦν μὲν σκληρὸν, πάλιν δὲ μαλακὸν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">διὸ φαμὲν εἶναί τι τὴν ὑλην. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὑτω καὶ τόπος διὰ τοιαύτης <lb></lb>τινὸς εἶναι δοχεῖ φαντασίας. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">πλὴν ἐχεῖνο μὲν, διό τι ἦν ἀὴρ, ἐνταυθα ἐστὶν ὑδωρ. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἀλλ' ἡ μὲν ὑλη <lb></lb>ὡσπερ ἐλέχθη ἐν τοῖς προτέροις, οὔτεχωριστὴ τοῦ πράγματος, οὔτε περιέχουσα, ὁ δὲ τόπος ἄμφω</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cuius orationis ſenſus hic eſt. </s> <s>Et materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> videbitur vtique eſſe locus, ſi in quieſcente con<lb></lb>ſideret quiſpiam, & non ſeparato, ſed continuo. </s> <s>Vt enim ſi afficitur, eſt quippiam quod nunc <lb></lb>quidem album eſt, olim verò nigrum, & nunc quidem durum, olim autem molle (quapropter <lb></lb>dicimus eſſe aliquid materiam) ſic & locus per talem quandam ſpeciem eſſe videtur. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>illud quidem, quoniam quod erat aër, hoc nunc aqua eſt; locus verò, quoniam vbi nunc erat <lb></lb>aër, nunc eſt aqua, ſed materia quidem, ſicuti dictum eſt in <expan abbr="præcedẽtibus">præcedentibus</expan>, neque ſeparabilis à re, <lb></lb>neque continens: locus autem ambo. </s> <s>Quanquam & in hoc textu comprehenditur argumen<lb></lb>tum commune quo probetur item locum non eſſe formam; vſque adeò, vt qui vtrunque præ<lb></lb>ſtari putet à philoſopho nunc, & videat ſuprà repudiatam fuiſſe formam à loci natura, perſua<lb></lb>deri facilè poſsit ibi occurri argumento eorum qui teſtabantur locum eſſe formam, & quanuis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2640"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentio de materia ſola facta fuerit in hoc loco, exiſtimet id proptereà factum, quia longe maior <lb></lb>intercedat ſimilitudo inter materiam & locum, quàm inter locum & formam ob eam ipſam ra<lb></lb>tionem, quæ continetur in textu. </s> <s>Ergo duobus argumentis inuehitur Ariſtoteles in eos qui lo<lb></lb>cum materiam eſſe voluerunt; tametſi primum ſubobſcurum eſt, vt de illius explicatione non <lb></lb>conueniat inter Peripateticos. </s> <s>Quandoquidem Philoponus & Simplicius animaduertant in lo<lb></lb>co duo ſpectari poſſe, primùm quidem corpus illud quod continet, alterum verò, corpus quod <lb></lb>continetur. </s> <s>In hoc ergo poſteriore dicunt hæc item duo conſiderari, quietem: ſcilicet, nam quod <lb></lb>mouetur, non eſt in loco niſi poteſtate: & continuationem; ne ſeparatum ſit, ſed continuum, <lb></lb>quìa materia cum eo continua ſit cuius eſt materia. </s> <s>Sed miſſa quiete, de altera conditione diſ<lb></lb>ſeramus, non video ſanè, quorſum ſpectet hæc conditio corporis quod eſt in loco, neque enim <lb></lb>valet ad iudicandam ſimilitudinem, aut diſcrimen loci & materiæ, de qua diſſeritur in præſen<lb></lb>tia, neque id aſſeuerare de ipſo licęt, ſi cum loco conferatur: nanque ab eo ſeparatum eſt, neque <lb></lb>continuum, ſed contiguum ſolum. </s> <s>Præterquam quòd mihi ſuſpectum eſt, materiam cum eo <lb></lb>continuari cuius eſt materia: nam compoſitum quod habet materiam, idem eſt prorſus, atque <lb></lb>ipſa materia, cum eſt actu, & forma eſt materiæ terminus, is verò ad id cuius terminus eſt, ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2641"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem continui non habet. </s> <s>Ideò nomine <foreign lang="grc">συμφύσεως, καὶ τοῦ συμφυοῦς</foreign> ſignificari potius arbi<lb></lb>tror eam conuenientiam, & compoſitionem formæ cum materia, non autem nomine <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ συνε<lb></lb>χοῦς</foreign>, qua voce continuitas exprimitur. </s> <s>Rurſus nulla connexio extaret inter hæc, & ea quæ ſe<lb></lb>quuntur. [Vt enim ſi afficitur] Quæ item verba faciunt, quominus approbem Vico mercati <lb></lb>ſententiam, qui tribuit hæc ipſi loco: veruntamen, non, vt continet, & reſpicit corpus quod <lb></lb>eſt in ipſo, ſed quatenus eſt coniunctus cum corpore quod ille ambit, quanquam neque ipſe <lb></lb>cum corpore continente continuatus eſt: neque enim terminus, vt diximus, cum eo continuus <lb></lb>eſt, cuius eſt terminus, &, vt optimè conſtat ex definitione contineri, ſiquidem habeat ex<lb></lb>trema continuum, termini verò, quatenus huiuſmodi nulla ſunt extrema, ac, ſi continuum ter<lb></lb>minus eſſet, quid prohiberet, quominus è terminis vnum continuum foret? </s> <s>ſed potius eſt ter<lb></lb>minus in eo cuius eſt terminus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam quod dicit Aſpaſius, Ariſtotelem hîc loci <expan abbr="materiæq́">materiæque</expan>. </s> <s>diſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2642"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimilitudinem indicare, prorſus abhorret à vero, neque vlla confutatione dignum eſt. </s> <s>Equi<lb></lb>dem primo loco cenſuerim explicari ab Ariſtotele ſimilitudinem quæ ex aliorum ſententia in<lb></lb>ter materiam & locum intercedit; deinde illam afferre quam ipſe quoque ſuprà recepit; po <pb pagenum="425"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2643"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtremò ſtatuere <expan abbr="diſsimilitudinẽ">diſsimilitudinem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> notare lapſum eorum qui opinati <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, locum eſſe materiam: <lb></lb>ac primò quidem accipi id in quo materia loco ſimilis eſſe apparet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> materia, ſi ſpectetur <lb></lb>vt manens, & non ſeparata, ſed continua .i. </s> <s>cum extentione partium, & dimenſione; ſimilis habe<lb></lb>tur ipſi loco, necnon quae ſicuti locus eſt <expan abbr="quãtorum">quantorum</expan> capax, ita materia formas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> excipit in ſeipſa, <lb></lb><expan abbr="corporumq́">corporumque</expan>. </s> <s>potiſsimum, quia variis terminis obnoxia ſit, & quemadmodum materia manet ex<lb></lb>cipiens varias formas, ſic locus manet accipiens corpora diuerſa. </s> <s>Nam quies etiam quædam eſt <lb></lb>loci conditio, ex qua item deducta eſt cauſſa, quamobrem locus habitus fuerit diſtantia: <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <lb></lb>enim corpus immobilis permanens. </s> <s>Sic igitur hęc dicta ſumo, non, vt congruentia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> loco, quod <lb></lb>video feciſſe Vico mercatum; non de eo quod eſt in loco, vt Græci, ſed hæc refero ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quæ <lb></lb>per genus neutrum explicatur, vt cùm dicitur <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὑποκείμενον, τὸ πανδεχὲς</foreign>. </s> <s>& id iis reſpondet <lb></lb>quæ de materia propter quantitatem pronunciata quondam fuerunt. </s> <s>Secundò, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> aduerſaretur <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>huic ſimilitudini, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> veram <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> conuenientiam adeſſe docere vellet. </s> <s>inquit. </s> <s>Illud pla<lb></lb>nè verum eſſe, quae ſicuti mutatio nos in notitiam materiæ perduxit, eodem modo motus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nos <lb></lb>in loci notitiam traxit. </s> <s>Ex eo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd corpora ſibi mutuò ſuccedere ſpectabamus, & vnde aqua <lb></lb>exhauſta fuiſſet, aërem extemplò influere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam quae ex albo fiebat nigrum, & <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> poteſtate <lb></lb>fiebat actu nigrum, vt nos hîc in notitiam materiæ deducitur quæ eſt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> poteſtate, ſic nos ibi in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2644"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loci cognitionem peruenimus. </s> <s>Cęterùm neutra ſimilitudo perfecta eſt; proptereà quae eadem ſanè <lb></lb>eſt materia quę ſuſcipit viciſsim varias formas: at nomen amittit, cùm modò fiat aqua, mox aër: <lb></lb>locus verò non ita permutatur, neque enim fit aër, aut aqua, verùm ſucceſsione quadam intra ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> recipit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in receptorum naturam tranſmutatur. </s> <s>Neque item eadem eſt ratio ſepara<lb></lb>tionis in vtroque; quippe quae materia non ſeparetur à re in qua eſt, ſine interitu; at verò locus ab <lb></lb>eo quod in ipſo eſt, ſeparari ſine ipſius interitu <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Tum etiam materia poſt ſeparazionem con<lb></lb>ſeruatur aliam formam acceptura: locus aut planè deletur, aut aliquis ſaltem, nimirùm proprius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſiquis vniuerſi loca accipiat quæ ſunt loca ſimpliciter, ad quæ <expan abbr="reſpiciẽtes">reſpicientes</expan> etiam cętera loca <lb></lb>nuncupamus, & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> differentiis inſignimus, ſuprà dicentes & infrà: ſic ſeparabitur locus ab eo <lb></lb>quod eſt in loco, vt ſine ipſo et ſubſiſtere poſsit: proprius non neceſſariò reſtat. </s> <s>Nam corpus illud <lb></lb>quod erat in loco, poterit alium <expan abbr="cõmutare">commutare</expan>, atque idem fortaſſe locus aliud corpus non excipiet, <lb></lb>vt ſi fortê corpus continens cum adueniente corpore, & in eius locum <expan abbr="ſubeũte">ſubeunte</expan> quod diſceſſerat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtinuum">continuum</expan> fiat, ſed & aqua manet hauſta è vaſe, & vas aliam recipit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt ſi locus <lb></lb>fuerit terminus aëris, vt aër cum ſubingrediente aëre continuetur, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> corpus quod continet, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2645"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum eo quod continetur, ſi fuerit eiuſdem rationis. </s> <s>Generatim verò loca prima vniuerſi mane<lb></lb>re credendum eſt, de cęteris dubitare licet. </s> <s>Prætereà non eſt officium materiæ continere, ſed con<lb></lb>tineri: continere autem eſt formæ: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> verùm locus ex eo definitur, quia contineat. </s> <s>Si ergo ſepara<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2646"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur locus .i. </s> <s>res ipſa quæ eſt in loco, ſecum non tollitur, materia non item: ſi locus continet, ma<lb></lb>teria verò nequaquam concludere licet, locum nulla ratione fore materiam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2639"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2640"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2641"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2642"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2643"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2644"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2645"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2646"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę ſint loca in vniuerſo. </s> <s>Caput XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI ad naturam loci pertinet, vt ſi id quod continet aliquod corpus per ſe mobile, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id immo<lb></lb>bile ſit; duo neceſſe eſt conſequantur: primum quidem, vt medium & <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> mundi ſint <lb></lb>maximè loca, id .ſ. </s> <s>quod eſt inferius, & id quod eſt ſuperius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum non omne corpus eſ<lb></lb>ſe in loco. </s> <s>Primùm ſanè ex eo naſcitur, quae hi mundi termini videntur eſſe maximè immobiles, & <lb></lb>vnus prorſus immobilis, quod eſt medium mundi, ſeu centrum vniuerſi; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita manet, vt po<lb></lb>ſitum videatur, veluti firmamentum ei quod in orbem fertur, quo nitens <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ocyſsimè conuer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2647"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ti poſsit, & quaſi factum ad id vt mundum ipſum cum extrema circunferentia contineat, potiſ<lb></lb>ſimè verò corpora illa quæ <expan abbr="ſuſq́">ſuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>aguntur, ſeorſum verò continet grauia. </s> <s>Vnus atque idem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> illud eſt, qui eſt ad ambitum & circunferentiam, vocamus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſuprà manet verò idem; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>tamen eodem modo ſe ſemper habet, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> non mutat ſanè locum ex eo quem occupat nunc, in <lb></lb>alium prodiens: verùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> permanet immutabilis, quippe quae eius poſitura varietur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> à dextris <lb></lb>modò ſit quod erat veſperi à ſiniſtris. </s> <s>At verò cùm corpora mobilia vniuerſa, ſeu mortalia ſint <lb></lb>ſiue, vt cenſuit Ariſt. </s> <s>immortalia, inter hæc extrema contineantur: cùm etiam ipſa ſint vnà cum <lb></lb>iis quorum extrema ſunt, ideò ſequitur, vt locus ſit æqualis ei quod eſt in loco: efficitur item ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò, vt duo pro locis habenda ſint, ad quorum alterum corpora ſecundùm naturam <expan abbr="ferãtur">ferantur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ibiq.">ibique</expan> maneant ſuopte impulſu; in alterum verò vi agantur, & contra naturam, illinc non ſine vi <lb></lb>diſtrahantur; hinc etiam ſuopte nixu diſcedant: tametſi, variæ cùm ſint naturalium corporum <lb></lb>differentiæ, non omnia corpora penitus aſſequuntur ea loca quibus vniuerſus mundus com<lb></lb>prehenditur, ſed ea quæ grauia, ſeu leuia ſimpliciter ſunt; quæ verò declinant ab hoc ſummo, <lb></lb>in medio ſpatio conquieſcunt, & ad extrema corpora, tanquam ad ſua loca cientur; eo tamen <lb></lb>ordine conſeruato, vt ad illa ſecundùm naturam ferantur quibus cum magis conueniunt. <pb pagenum="426"></pb><expan abbr="Vnumquodq.">Vnumquodque</expan> n. </s> <s>à ſimili conſeruatur, à contrario perimitur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> naturali quodam impulſu hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2648"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>declinat, illud perſequitur, ex natura & ſui <expan abbr="conſeruationẽ">conſeruationem</expan> expetens, interitum verò fugiens, <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>; cauſſam medium mundi terra obtinuit, ſupremum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ignis, quæ ſimpliciter <lb></lb>talia ſunt: aër <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & aqua inter hæc duo collocata ſunt; ſed aqua inter aërem & terram, quia cum <lb></lb>terra conuenit beneficio frigoris, cum aëre verò merito humoris: aër inter ignim & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>: ſiqui<lb></lb>dem cum aqua congruat per humorem, per calorem verò ſit ſimilis igni: idcirco prope terram <lb></lb>aqua, & ſub aere conſeruatur, ſub igni aër; ignis ſub cęlo, quia nil eſt aliud ignis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aer ex motu ce<lb></lb>li <expan abbr="inflãmatus">inflammatus</expan>. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> corpora hæc è materia conflata ſunt cuius officium eſt pati; & è forma <lb></lb>cuius munus eſt agere, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> ex oppoſitis, <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> redactio proficiſcitur, nec vis <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> vim <expan abbr="agẽdi">agendi</expan>, <lb></lb>tùm patiendi ſit irrita, & inanis: <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illa ſic deinceps à ſolertiſsima natura compoſita, & conſtituta <lb></lb>ſunt, vt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="gñe">genere</expan> conuenerunt, ea quæ ſibi proxima ſunt, per vnam oppoſitionem diſtinguan<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>ita aqua cui cum terra <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> eſt frigus, per ipſum idem ab aëre ſegregatur; & aër, qui pollebat <lb></lb>humore, quemadmodum aqua, per ipſum diſiungitur ab igni, quamobrem à ſimili conſeruata, <lb></lb>& ſiquando opus fuerit, ſeſe mutuò reficientia per oppoſitionem; <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> gyro quodam eunt <expan abbr="re-deuntq́">re<lb></lb>deuntque</expan>; perpetuò, <expan abbr="perpetuoq́">perpetuoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeſe exercentia res æternas vtpotè perfectiores imitantur. </s> <s>Singula <lb></lb>verò binis qualitatib. prędita ſunt; <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> alteram <expan abbr="hñt">habent</expan> <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan>, alteram verò remiſsiorem. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb>quam non eſt hic locus diſſerendi de elementorum virib. ſed hæc breuiter attingenda fuerunt, quae <lb></lb>aliquid ad notitiam loci <expan abbr="cõducunt">conducunt</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cùm eę qualitates quę inſunt in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> elemento (ſunt ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2649"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rò hæc prima corpora, & primæ partes mundi) ita ſe habeant, vt per alteram, cum altero corpore <lb></lb>contiguo conſentiant, per alteram diſſentiant: quia par <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> gradus non eſt <expan abbr="vtrarunq.">vtrarunque</expan> in eodem <lb></lb>corpore, vt intelligamus loci <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> eſſe conſtituendam exordine qualitatum quæ primas obti<lb></lb>nuere, verbig. </s> <s>quoniam aqua ſimul frigida <expan abbr="humidaq́">humidaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt, ita <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, vt frigus excedat; quia magis <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>terra, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cum aëre conuenit, ad <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad aërem ferri dicenda ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id ſine auctore pro<lb></lb>fiteor. </s> <s>Etenim 2. de cęlo <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> didicimus <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> non per ſe manere, ſed terra inniti: ita cùm aër calidus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2650"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit & humidus; humor verò præſtet calori, ad <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> feretur cum qua conuenit magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad ignim <lb></lb>à quo magis diſtat. </s> <s>Verùm, quia cum altero <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> corpore contiguo conſentiunt <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> ad <lb></lb>alterum ferri putabuntur; quia .ſ. </s> <s>eo terminantur. </s> <s>Alterum verò quod ex aſsignata loci definitio<lb></lb>ne colligitur, illud eſt: quae ea corpora tantum in loco erunt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab alio corpore continentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſi lo<lb></lb>cus eſt extrema ſuperficies corporis continentis, id quod eſt in loco, neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> extrema il<lb></lb>la continentis corporis ſuperficie circundabitur: quae ſi non circundatur ab alio; non igitur eſt in lo<lb></lb>co, veluti, ſi fingeremus <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> eſſe totum id quod olim profeſsi ſunt Thales & Hippon; ea non eſſet <lb></lb>in loco, quia non circumuallaretur ab alio corpore; cùm verò tale corpus ſit cęlum, idem quoque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2651"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iudicium de ipſo <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> erit. </s> <s>Verùm quia videt hoc maximè aduerſari notionib. illis quas de lo<lb></lb>co generatim & cęlo <expan abbr="cõceperamus">conceperamus</expan>; ſiquidem poſuerimus ſuprà & infrà primas eſſe loci differen<lb></lb>tias; prætereà collocauerimus illas in cęlo conſtantiſsimè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolum id ad nos, ſed quemadmo<lb></lb>dum aliàs oſtendemus, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex ipſius rei natura, nunc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à differentijs loci fuit excluſum; ſcire con<lb></lb>uenit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cęlum à loci differentijs immune non eſſe ſimpliciter; & locum ad ipſum <expan abbr="quodãmó">quodammó</expan> per<lb></lb>tinere: <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> verò huiuſcè rei talis afferri poſſet: quandoquidem & ſi non eſt in loco totum, quia to<lb></lb>tum extra ſe nihil habet à quo contineatur; at partes eius, quia continentur, in loco exiſtunt: con<lb></lb>tinentur verò, quia ſeſe viciſsim <expan abbr="cõplectuntur">complectuntur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> verò id eueniat, & quæ de hac ipſa <lb></lb>re <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> fuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>poſtea longo ſermone tractabitur, interim verò ad id de quo diſputo, proban<lb></lb>dum, ſatis ſit partes cęli <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>mutuum ſui ipſarum complexum eſſe in loco. </s> <s>Veruntamen, & ſi va<lb></lb>lent hæc ad tribuendum quoquo pacto locum ipſi cęlo, me <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> angit ſcrupulus quidam; quia ta<lb></lb>lis locus non rectè dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ſuperior, aut inferior; quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> pars vna continebitur in alia, vt ibi <lb></lb>alterutrius differentiæ <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> queat ineſſe? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>locus ſuperior ignis terminos tranſilire cenſetur: & <lb></lb><expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eas duas loci differentias in vniuerſo poſuit Ariſt. </s> <s>quod item <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> cęlum. </s> <s>Niſi dicamus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2652"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia cęlum ſit terminus motus qui ſurſum ſit; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuperficies illius <expan abbr="cõcaua">concaua</expan> ſit locus ſuperior: <lb></lb>quòd illi etiam locus aſsignetur, diuerſa quidem, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> noua & inuſitata prædicatione; ea .ſ. </s> <s>quæ <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">αἰτἱώδης</foreign>, hoc eſt cauſſalis, à dialecticis appellatur. </s> <s>vbi .ſ. </s> <s>aut effectus cauſſæ attribuitur, vt cùm <expan abbr="dr̃">differentia</expan> <lb></lb>calor ineſſe in motu, aut effectui cauſſa, veluti cùm punctum de linea prædicatur: ſic etiam, quia <lb></lb>cęlum efficiat ambitu ſuo locum ſuperiorem, locus ei tribuitur: <expan abbr="eaq.">eaque</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> eſſe ſurſum. </s> <s>Poteſt <lb></lb>etiam ſenſus <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> ea loca cęlo contribuere, quia concipiat inter vniuerſi terminos conuexam vſ<lb></lb>que cęli ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Sic in cęlo poterunt ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> cunctæ loci differentiæ notari: vt ea quæ, puta<lb></lb>tu, ſpectant orientem ſolem, anteriora reſpicere videantur, quae inde terminos anterioris loci capia<lb></lb>mus; ſic de cæteris poſituræ differentijs autumare conueniet, vt de Zenith & Nadir Aſtrono<lb></lb>morum, quorum illud ſurſum reputetur: alterum illi oppoſitum deorſum. </s> <s><pb pagenum="427"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2653"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2647"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2648"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2649"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2650"></margin.target>a T. 79.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2651"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2652"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2653"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur nonnullæ dubitationes quę à natura loci inuenienda nos auertebant. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS de loci definitione; nunc ad reliqua tranſeamus quæ bonam & rectam defi<lb></lb>nitionem conſequi ſolent: vt .ſ. </s> <s>indicemus, vndénam ſumpta fuerit occaſio dubitandi de loci <lb></lb>natura. </s> <s>Multæ verò fuerunt quæ ſigillatim hîc nob. </s> <s>explorandæ ſunt, vt ijs rite peractis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> certio<lb></lb>res de noſtra illa definitione reddamur qua conſtitutus eſt locus extrema ſuperficies, & prima <lb></lb>corporis ambientis: ac prima quidem, quia treis diſtantias <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> <expan abbr="hr̃e">habere</expan> locus, longitudinem, latitudi<lb></lb>nem, & altitudinem. </s> <s>atqui tres diſtantiæ ſunt propriæ corporis; erit igitur corpus: nec tamen cor<lb></lb>pus eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: aliter corpus in loco non eſſet, niſi natura faceret, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt duo corpora manerent ſimul, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2654"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idem ſpatium prorſus occupantia: quod ſanè fieri nequit. </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic prohiberet vniuerſam aquá <lb></lb>maris ab vno cyatho capi? </s> <s>Cur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reſpueret quidem aliquod corpus aquam, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ignim; aut <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cur æs cum auro miſceretur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cum cera<gap></gap> quantum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ex <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> dimenſionum quæ ſe<lb></lb>ſe capere poſſunt; <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> cum <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> miſceri liceret. </s> <s>Tùm in mixtura locus idem à ſingu<lb></lb>lis mixtilib. occuparetur, & à toto mixto; in <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>loco plura corpora eſſe <expan abbr="cõtingeret">contingeret</expan>, & obti<lb></lb>nere proprium locum. </s> <s>Si item <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora plena eſſent æqualiter, <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>diſtantiam quæ in omnibus <lb></lb>ineſt <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan>, tam penetrari tenue poſſet à craſſo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> craſſum à tenui, ſenſus tamen aduerſatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſa reddi poſſet, cur, ſi quædam vnà miſceantur mole efficitur maior: <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> verò contrà. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2655"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>.n. ignis miſtura cum ferro craſsius ipſum reddit; ſed rarefacit potius & extennat. </s> <s>Prętereà magni<lb></lb>tudo maior & minor æquarentur, <expan abbr="minorq́">minorque</expan>. </s> <s>tantundem occuparet, quantum occupat maior. </s> <s>Se<lb></lb>queretur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, vt ex non magnitudine fieret magnitudo. </s> <s>Nam ſi vnum corpus irrepat in alterum, <lb></lb>iam non <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> magnitudinem, quia penetrat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> auget id quod prius erat in loco; id, cùm poſteà <lb></lb>ſeparari poſsit, magnitudinem comparabit, & occupabit <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> locum. </s> <s><expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>multa abſurda <expan abbr="erũ-pent">erun<lb></lb>pent</expan> quæ nunc dicere non eſt opus. </s> <s>Idcircò facilè apparet, quantum illi decepti fuerint qui abſur<lb></lb>dum non reputant, in eodem compoſito duas eſſe quantitates; alteram quidem quæ ſit propria <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram quę ſit propria cuiuſdam accidentis. </s> <s>Nam corporis natura non patitur, <lb></lb>vt cum alio coëat terminis conſeruatis. </s> <s>Eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae lineę linea ſecundùm latitudinem addita, aut ſu<lb></lb>perficiei ſuperficies ſecundùm altitudinem, non efficiant maius; quoniam ea ratione ſunt indiui<lb></lb>duæ, & linea latitudine caret, altitudine ſuperficies, at additio lineæ ſecundum longitudinem, & <lb></lb>ſuperficiei ſecundùm latitudinem, hîc ſuperficiem, ibi verò lineam maiores efficit. </s> <s>Quoniam ve<lb></lb>rò corpus nulla ex parte eſt indiuiduum, <expan abbr="omniquaq́">omniquaque</expan>. </s> <s>extentum eſt; idcirco, <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> fiat alte<lb></lb>rius corporis acceſsio, maius efficiatur oportet. </s> <s>Non me latet illos eò confugere, quae abſurdum non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2656"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit duas quantitates vnius eſſe ſubiecti; ſi illa quorum termini ſunt eiuſmodi quantitates, ſic inter <lb></lb>ſe reſpiciant, vt vnum forma ſit, alterum verò materia; proptereà quae nullum <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> robur eſſet Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelicæ <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> qua probatum eſt, lumen non eſſe corpus, eo quae recipitur in corpore, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> lumen <lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> ad perſpicuum, veluti forma ad materiam Boſſemus fortaſſe dicere, in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubie<lb></lb>cto plures eſſe formas quarum quælibet certam <expan abbr="ſuæq́">ſuæque</expan>. </s> <s>naturæ conuenientem flagiter <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> <lb></lb>(nam ſicuti ſubſtantiarum, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> definiti ſicut termini <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> formæ naturalis, quos vltra <expan abbr="ci-traq́">ci<lb></lb>traque</expan>. </s> <s>ſe tueri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>) & altera quidem eam conſecuta fuerit, altera ad naturalem quantitatem <lb></lb>nondum peruenerit: non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſequitur, in eodem plures eſſe quantitates. </s> <s>Nam verè qualitas ex ter<lb></lb>minis iudicatur, qui ijdem ſicut ſub <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> forma; ſed illo tantummodò non eſt eadem, quae non <lb></lb><expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> eandem habitudinem; ad hanc quidem formam ſe habens ſecundùm naturam; ad alteram ve<lb></lb>rò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>, ſiue termini in eadem materia variandi ſint, ſiue acceſsio materiæ requiratur. </s> <s>Sed il<lb></lb>luc, vnde abij, redeo: ad argumentum .ſ. </s> <s>quo probabatur locum eſſe diſtantiam, Cęterùm eius fal<lb></lb>lacia ex allata definitione deprehenditur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>locus, tametſi eſt diſtantia quædam, eſt vniuerſa <lb></lb>diſtantia: nec à corpore tres dimenſiones occupantur, ſed, cùm ſit extrema ſuperficies corporis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2657"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ambientis, capit totum corpus, non habens plures, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duas dimenſiones. </s> <s>Ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam duo <lb></lb>corpora non ſunt in eodem loco; quae in illo ſpatio quod à corpore interceptum eſt, alia nulla di<lb></lb>ſtantia reperitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> profunditas, ſiue altitudo illius corporis quod eſt in loco. </s> <s>Illud item loci natu<lb></lb>ram reddebat ambiguam, ne putaretur eſſe receptaculum; quia nil prohiberet, quominus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pun<lb></lb>ctum foret in loco quod tamen approbari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: nam ſi receptaculum idcirco dicatur, quae cor<lb></lb>pus ex vno loco transferatur in alium, & in hunc locum immigret aliud corpus; ita poterunt eò <lb></lb>migrare ſuperficies & punctum. </s> <s>Sed & hoc tollitur; quia cum locus ſuperficies extrema ſit cor<lb></lb>poris continentis, id ambit, quod eſt in loco totum per ſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſum ſecundùm vniuerſam ſuper<lb></lb>ficiem, & terminos <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>: ipſum igitur totum in loco eſt: termini verò, quantunuis <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> ipſos, <lb></lb>totum in loco ſit, non ſunt in loco; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> primo debetur locus ipſe terminis, ſed corpori toti, licet <lb></lb>beneficio terminorum. </s> <s>quare termini ſunt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, per quam corpus eſt in loco; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſi ſunt in lo<lb></lb>co: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>fas eſt denominationem tribui <expan abbr="cuicunq.">cuicunque</expan> ſubiecto: nam ſubiectum duplex eſt, & id quod <lb></lb>primùm excipit, & id cuius eſt aliquid primùm excipiens, vt homo: & viuit quidem homo, non <lb></lb>anima, ſed per animam viuit: & quanuis motus ſit cauſſa, cur corpus incaleſcat, non tamen ipſe <pb pagenum="428"></pb>calidus eſt. </s> <s>Ideò Latini primum illud ſubiectum appellant inhæſionis, alterum verò denomina<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2658"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat, quae Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtriq">vtrique</expan>: ſubiecto prædicatum attribuerit; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id fecit voce ſumpta in <lb></lb>abſtracto, vt aiunt, non denominatiuè: vt, ſi locum in ſuperficie diceremus ineſſe, nec proptereà <lb></lb>ſuperficies eſſet locata: ſiquidem illa ſit prædicatio, quæ conuenit cauſſæ, hæc verò propria. </s> <s>Tùm <lb></lb>prætereà faciebat, quominus crederemus locum æqualem fore locato; quia fieret alicui veriſimi<lb></lb>le, locum item ſimul auctum iri cum corpore quod eſt in loco. </s> <s>At verò quemadmodum hanc ip<lb></lb>ſam difficultatem pellat Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> omnib. eſt perſpicuum. </s> <s>exiſtimatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita dicere ad oppoſita, ad<lb></lb>hibendo diſtinctionem eorum quæ ſunt per ſe & per accidens: quaſi locus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per ſe quidem ſed <lb></lb>per accidens augeatur ad motum .ſ. </s> <s>corporum quorum locum locus eſt terminus, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> con<lb></lb>tinentium: ſit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt dum creſcit planta quæ eſt in loco, aër continens diuidatur, & cedat, vel aliò <expan abbr="tẽ-dens">ten<lb></lb>dens</expan>, vel in ſeipſum contractus: quod ſanè, tametſi verùm eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> exprimitur è verbis Ariſt. </s> <s>qui<lb></lb>nimmò pro eo quod iſti putant, Ariſt. </s> <s>occurrere concluſioni, docendo <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> & viam, qua locus <lb></lb>augeatur, occurrit ipſe coniuncto, ſignificando <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> non eſſe locum augeri. </s> <s>q ſiquis è dictis <lb></lb>aucupari cauſſam velit, ea certè non eſt alia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quia loca ſecundùm naturam duo ſunt termini in <lb></lb>vniuerſo, primi & immobiles, ſuprà & infrà: vnde, quantumuis corpora excreſcant, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſe eſt <lb></lb>augeri loca. </s> <s>Niſi fortè dixerimus ea quæ augentur, ab initio permanere <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad finem; atqui locus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2659"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non manet formaliter. </s> <s>non eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſimpliciter locus quem Socrates puer obtinebat, & qui <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> adoleuit, occupatur. </s> <s>ita variatur locus, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> augetur. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi quanti proprium ſit au<lb></lb>geri, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem locus augeri cenſeatur, quoniam ſit quoddam quantum: at, ſicuti quantum <lb></lb>terminis immutatis idem non manet; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> locus. </s> <s>& ſicuti variata forma quantum immutatur, <lb></lb>ita & locus. </s> <s>Eſt igitur mutatio quę ſit in loco, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem per accidens, ex incremento nimi<lb></lb>rùm eius corporis, quod cùm eſſet in loco, creſcebat, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> auctio loci, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per acci<lb></lb>dens. </s> <s>Sed & illa quæ contra locum Zeno dubitauit, pſeudographo vtens, facile profligantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="quã-dò">quan<lb></lb>dò</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> omne quod eſt, alicubi eſſe oportet, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in loco: ne fortè loci locum eſſe credere cogamur <lb></lb>eo, quia locus alicubi ſit; alicubi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſignificet locum: alicubi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> interdum propriè ſumitur, & ſic <lb></lb>idem ſignificat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in loco: hoc verò proprium eſt eorum quæ ſunt per ſe mobilia. </s> <s>aliàs id ſignifi<lb></lb>cat præſentia cuius ſignificari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aduerbiis exptimentib. locum; vt, cùm dicitur, hîc eſſe <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>id quod contingit in quantis, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> partes habent poſituram: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc amplectitur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terminos <lb></lb>eius quantitatis; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>modo alicubi acceptum loco <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aſsignari. </s> <s>ſiquidem terminus ſit in ipſo <lb></lb>continente, quemadmodum in linea punctum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex hoc efficitur, vt ſit in loco, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>loci lo<lb></lb>cus non eſt. </s> <s>Quòd verò locus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> elementum ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex elementis. </s> <s>Quòd item non ſit cauſſa, fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2660"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cilè <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſtat, quoniam, ſi non materia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma, nec <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> elementum, ſed potius ex <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conſequi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, veluti punctum conſequitur quantitatem, proptereà punctum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> rationem perfectionis inquanto naturali <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> formæ, licèt terminet, quia non terminat perfi<lb></lb>ciens, vt forma, & eſt <foreign lang="grc">πὲρας</foreign>, non autem <foreign lang="grc">τὲλος</foreign> in natura, ſi accuratè rem perſequi placeat. </s> <s>quo<lb></lb>niam eſt diuiſio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item locus eſt cauſſa, ſed accidens <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> corporib. naturalib. Nolim verò <expan abbr="quẽ-piam">quen<lb></lb>piam</expan> admirati, ſi locum quem nos anteà finem motus conſtituimus, & cauſſam præcipuam, prę<lb></lb>tereà formam mobilium, nunc è numero cauſſarum expungamus: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tractari docuimus hîc <lb></lb>non naturalem, qui terminus eſt motum naturalium, ſed communius, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> complectitur mathe<lb></lb>matica, & quatenus eſt quantum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> certis quibuſdam qualitatib. inſignitus propter quas p<lb></lb>ficit corpora, ad ſeſe allicit, vt natiuas eorum conditiones conſeruet, tum verò finis eſt & forma, <lb></lb>& in hoc ſignificato fuit olim à nob. </s> <s>acceptus. </s> <s>illo verò modo conſequens eſt, & accidens, nam ſic <lb></lb>eſt quantum per ſe, & terminus continentis, de quo nuper actum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2654"></margin.target>a Ale. 2. de <lb></lb>An. c. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2655"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2656"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2657"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2658"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2659"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2660"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Utrùm de omni loco diſſerat Aristoteles generatim 4. Phyſ. an ſpecialior ea<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2661"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2661"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>ſpeculatio ſit. </s> <s>Caput XLVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NON excludimus igitur hac definitione locum, vt continet corpora mathematica, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>aſſerimus eam definitionem pertinere prius ad naturalia. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò non <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> ad mathema<lb></lb>tica non pertinere præſentem definitionem, verùm ne ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quidem naturalia corpora nonnul<lb></lb>li putarunt, id quod maximè oppugnat placitum noſtrum de ſcopo iv. </s> <s>Phyſ. </s> <s>noſtra intereſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ea refellere quę contrà afferuntur à viris eruditiſsimis. </s> <s>Igitur illi ita probare conati ſunt locum <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> <lb></lb>eſt ſuperficies extrema corporis ambientis, immobilis, prima, ſolùm reſpicere corpora, quę dire<lb></lb>ctò mouentur, non cęlum, non animalia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mixta <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> generatim, primùm complura loca è con<lb></lb>textu Ariſt. </s> <s>eruta proponentes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> id planum fieri poſsit, hoc modo. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquiunt te<lb></lb>ſtari Ariſt. </s> <s>locum ex corporum tralatione cognoſci qua ſit circa idem ſpatium, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ma<lb></lb>teria cognoſcatur ex ſucceſsione formarum, atqui tranſlatio corporum fieri non poſſe videtur, ni<lb></lb>ſi ea motu recto concitentur. </s> <s>Necnon prædicat, Ariſt. </s> <s>non quæri locum, niſi propter motum qui <lb></lb>ſit ſecundùm <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>: hic verò duplex eſt; vnus quidem latio; alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> auctio & diminutio: cęterùm </s></p> <pb pagenum="429"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2662"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>latio cęlum non attingit, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> hac voce ſignificatur motus rectus. </s> <s>Inſuper inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>omnem <lb></lb>locum eſſe, vel ſuprà, vel infrà, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad hæc ferri corpora naturalia, in <expan abbr="eiſdemq́">eiſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>manere <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb>naturam: id verò ineſſe non poteſt, niſi in iis quæ rectà mouentur. </s> <s>Quinetiam <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> dixiſſet Phi<lb></lb>loſophus, locum eſſe terminum corporis continentis, adſcripſiſſe ſe vocare corpus quod contine<lb></lb>tur, quod eſt mobile <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> lationem, hoc eſt: vt aiunt Græci, ſecundùm <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> rectam. </s> <s>Afferunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tale ſignum: quoniam profitetur Ariſt. </s> <s>cęlum eſſe in loco per accidens: quamobrem ex eo pro<lb></lb>bè colligitur, ipſum non tractare de loco quodam <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan>, & generatim pertinente ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>infra cęli complexum continentur, & cęlum. </s> <s>Nam ſi cęlum habebat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> per ſe, <lb></lb>oportebat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> locum per ſe illi aſsignare; non aſsignat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>: ergo de loco cęli non diſſerit: pręſertim <lb></lb>quoniam locus ille conuenit cęlo per accidens, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>mouetur circum centrum qui locus <lb></lb>per ſe ineſt in illis quę rectà mouentur. </s> <s>Rurſus pronunciauit Ariſt. </s> <s>cęlum non eſſe in loco, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> alia corpora, quæ continentur intra eius <expan abbr="ambitũ">ambitum</expan>: nimirùm, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habet talem locum, <lb></lb>qualem habent reliqua corpora quæ motu recto cientur. </s> <s>Poſtremò proprietates loci multæ ſunt; <lb></lb>vtputa, quae in eo locata gignantur, conſeruentur, perficiantur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit terminus motus qui ſit ſe<lb></lb>cundùm locum; ſed hæ ſunt eius loci ſolùm qui conuenit iis quæ rectà mouentur: quia cęlum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>generatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conſeruatur, aut <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> perficitur à loco: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> locus vllus eſt terminus, & finis eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2663"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>Mox ad cętera nos conuertamus quæ ſunt mixta, ſiue inanima, ſiue animantia, ſiue <expan abbr="mutẽt">mutent</expan> <lb></lb>locum, ſeu maneant affixa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc, vel ſenſu careant, vt plantæ, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſenſu polleant, vt ea quæ <lb></lb>Zoophyta nuncupantur. </s> <s>At verò ſicuti horum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> motus ſimplices non exiſtunt, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>vnus eſt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> locus, ſed in multis <expan abbr="variisq́">variisque</expan>. </s> <s>locis degunt; aut ſi fortè conuenit illis vnus quidam lo<lb></lb>cus, is eſt ſpeciei, non indiuidui proprius, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ſpecies aptius ibi maneat. </s> <s>Plantæ tametſi viuunt, <lb></lb>quae in terra ſedem ſuam locarunt, locum definitum obtinuiſſe videntur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ilium quidem <expan abbr="elemẽ-ti">elemen<lb></lb>ti</expan> beneficio quod dominatur in ipſis, ideò locus eis primò non conuenit, ſed elemento dominan<lb></lb>ti, quatenus autem viuunt, non vnum tantum habent motum, cùm in omnes loci partes & diffe<lb></lb>rentias <expan abbr="protẽdantur">protendantur</expan>. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mixtum habet locum quem ab elemento dominante impetrauit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt locus ille de quo nunc agimus, ſit corporis ſimplicis ſolùm, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eius quod rectà <lb></lb>mouetur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & definitio loci tradita 4. Phyſ. omnium corporum loca complectitur, & à natu<lb></lb>ra quantitatis primùm petita eſt quę eſt affectio communis <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> corporum: nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> in eius ge<lb></lb>nerali definitione comprehenditur quod pertineat ſpeciatim ad quoddam certum corpus cęteris <lb></lb>ſecluſis: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per omnia corpora pertinere videtur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> naturalia tantùm, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mathe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2664"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maticas analogicè tamen vt poſteà dicetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> loca ex Ariſt. </s> <s>contextu producta contra nos fa<lb></lb>ciunt: <expan abbr="tantumq.">tantumque</expan> abeſt, vt oppugnent, vt potius ſtent à noſtra <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, quemadmodum patebit ſingu<lb></lb>la percurrentib. Ad primum igitur, cùm opponunt, locum ex corporum tranſlatione cognoſci: <lb></lb>eam verò ſpectare tantùm corpora quæ rectum mouentur. </s> <s>Aſſumptum hoc à nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> falſum <lb></lb>negatur: quandò tranſlatio non minus ad ea quæ infra Lunam exiſtunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad cęleſtia pertineat, eò <lb></lb>quae tranſlatio fit dupliciter, aut eodem ſpatio permanente, & duob. </s> <s>corporib. ſibi viciſsim ſucce<lb></lb>dentib. aut vno tantummodò corpore ex hoc in alium locum commigrante: ſed cur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non idem <lb></lb>ſingulis partib. cęli contingit? </s> <s>nam pars illa in qua Sol implantatus eſt, mane ortum luſtrat, veſpe<lb></lb>ri luſtrabit occaſum: & ad occaſum rurſus eſt pars quæ illi opponitur; mox aderit alia quæ huic <lb></lb>ipſi ſuccedit. </s> <s>Non igitur minus ea corpora transferuntur quæ circulo mouentur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quæ recta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec ob id cęlum loco excludendum arbitramur, quia non mutet locum; id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conuenit toti, qua<lb></lb>tenus huiuſmodi: conuertitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & nihil habet extra ſe à quo circundetur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nullo modo eſt in <lb></lb>loco per ſe; ſed fortè per accidens, &, vt puto, per aliud, nempe per partes quæ per ſe mouentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Valde etiam decepit illos notio lationis, quaſi latio propria ſit <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quæ motu recto cientur; nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2665"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>videntur qui ita ſentiunt, multum luſtraſſe Ariſt. </s> <s>aut Græcos interpretes, vt Simplicium; ne de re<lb></lb>liquis dicam. </s> <s>Ipſius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſtotelis verba ſunt hæc. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Omnis autem motus qui ſecundùm locum ſit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2666"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quem vocamus lationem, aut rectus eſt, aut circulo.” <foreign lang="grc">Πάσα δὴ κίνησις οσῆ κατὰ τόπον ἣν καλού<lb></lb>μεν φορὰν ἐυθεῖα, ἤ κύκλῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>Latio igitur eſt genus, aut <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ad vnum quod <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> motum <lb></lb>complectitur, cuius ſpecies <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> apud Græcos nomine participante nuncupationem generis expri<lb></lb>muntur. </s> <s>Nam <foreign lang="grc">φορὰ</foreign> communiter latio dicitur, cuius duæ ſunt ſpecies, <foreign lang="grc">εὐθυφορία</foreign>, quæ motus eſt <lb></lb>rectus, & <foreign lang="grc">κυκλοφορία</foreign>, quæ eſt conuerſio. </s> <s>Obiicitur item dici ab Ariſtotele locum diuidi in ſupe<lb></lb>riorem & inferiorem, & ad hæc ferri corpora, & in eiſdem manere <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam: ex quo <expan abbr="cõ-cluditur">con<lb></lb>cluditur</expan> cęlum, quia talib. differentiis non ſit obnoxium; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eò ſecundùm naturam feratur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>item ſubiici definitioni loci de qua nunc diſputamus: <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> refellitur obiectio verbis ipſis Ariſt. </s> <s>ita <lb></lb>ſcribentis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Propter hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & cęlum in loco maximè eſſe putamus, quia ſemper eſt in motu.” <foreign lang="grc">διὰ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2667"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>γὰρ το̂υτο και τὸν οὐρζανὸν μάλιστα οἰομενα ἐν τόπω, οτῖ ἀεὶ ἐν κινήσει</foreign>, ex quo conuincitur cęlo <lb></lb>tribui locum. </s> <s>& hunc illum eſſe qui dicitur extrema ſuperficies corporis ambientis: tùm quia te<lb></lb>ſtatur ipſum per ſe moueri, huiuſmodi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> reb. aſsignari locum; id quod item amplificat falſita<lb></lb>tem primæ illius oppoſitionis quæ à corporum tranſlatione ſumebatur: tùm quae vult perſuadere <pb pagenum="430"></pb>philoſophus, vt ſe habeat locus ad ea quæ ſunt infra Lunam, per ea quæ ſpectantur in cęlo, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2668"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non haberent hæc ſimilitudinem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem inſignem; profectò parùm functus eſſet offi<lb></lb>cio docentis, & fine ſuo fortaſſe fruſtratus eſſet. </s> <s>At quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> differentiis eiſdem locus cęli inſigniatur, <lb></lb>hinc patere poterit, niſi fallor. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> legitur apud Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">και διὸ τοῦτο τὸ μέσον τού οὐ ραροῦ καὶ τὸ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2669"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>σχατον τὸ πρὸς ἡμᾶς τῆς κύκλω φορᾶς δοκεῖ ἔναῖ, τὸ μὲν άνω τοδὲ κάτω</foreign>. </s> <s>quæ id ſibi volunt. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>propter hoc medium .i. </s> <s>vniverſi, & vltimum ad nos <expan abbr="cõuerſionis">conuerſionis</expan>, videtur eſſe. </s> <s>“hoc quidem ſuprà, <lb></lb>illud verò infra.” Quòd ſiquis ſuſpectum habeat hunc locum, eo quae videtur facere mentionem de <lb></lb>vltimo quod exiſtimari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> concaua totius cęli ſuperficies, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> orbis Lunę; audiat. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s>rurſus <lb></lb>aſſerentem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Idcirco mouetur quidem circulo ſolum id, quod eſt ſuprà.” <foreign lang="grc">διὸ κινεῖται μὲν κύκλω <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2670"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>τὸ ἄνω</foreign>: prętereà repentem. <foreign lang="grc">καὶ πάντος τὸν ἀνωτάτω τῷ θήο τόπον ἀπυδιδόασι καὶ βὰρβαροι καὶ ἒλ<lb></lb>ληνς</foreign>. </s> <s>hoc eſt. </s> <s>“Et omnes eum qui ſuprà eſt, locum Diuino tribuunt, & Barbari, & Græci.” Huc ac<lb></lb>cedit, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>omnes loci differentias in cęleſti corpore <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> collocauit. </s> <s>Ex his item quæ diximus ad <lb></lb>poſteriorem locum Ariſt. </s> <s>apparet, quid dicendum ſit ad Tex. 39. Hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fallax quod accipitur à <lb></lb>ſigno, & eſt eius viri qui ignoret cęlum, quatenus totum non moueri per ſe, ſed per accidens; non <lb></lb>ſanè merito centri, ſed per partes, & ita <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe in loco per ſe, verùm priuilegio partium, & per <expan abbr="ac-cidẽs">ac<lb></lb>cidens</expan>. </s> <s>Intercedit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quædam ratio & affinitas inter motum & locum. </s> <s>Nam quod per ſe mouetur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2671"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt in loco per ſe, & contrà, quod eſt in loco per ſe, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe mobile ſit oportet: ita ſi par accidens <lb></lb>moueatur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> neceſſe eſt ſit in loco per accidens, <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo, ſi fuerit in loco per accidens, <lb></lb>efficiatur item, vt moueatur per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. </s> <s>Eſto igitur, quae cęlum ſit in loco per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, eſt vt totum; <lb></lb>qua ratione, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> locus vllus ei debetur; ac per ſe mouentur eius partes, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vt eius <lb></lb>partes eſſe oportet in loco per ſe qui ſanè locus ita contineat, quemadmodum cætera loca vulga<lb></lb>tæ ſignificationis, aut ſaltem præſeferat diſtantiam, quæ partes illius capiat (aliquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſcriminis <lb></lb>inter earum loca, & reliquorum <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> notari docebimus in progreſſu) tametſi differentiæ <expan abbr="nũ-cupatio">nun<lb></lb>cupatio</expan> tribuitur illi cauſſaliter, vt anteà dictum eſt. </s> <s>Vnde cùm ſit in loco totum per accidens, & <lb></lb>ſolùm propter partes; fit, vt à cęteris corporib. diſtinguatur, quae ipſa tota ſunt in loco, ſed tamen lo<lb></lb>cus in illis eſt ſimiliter extremum corporis continentis: proptereà quae partium extrema continent, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>hæc eſt differentia, quae aliorum corpus hæc inferiora complectitur, & locus alieni corporis <lb></lb>terminus exiſtit; vtputa, aquæ terminus eſt terræ locus, ibi partium termini ſunt ex eadem natu<lb></lb>ra. </s> <s>Non ergo debuit Ariſt. </s> <s>facere mentionem, de loco cęli totius, quia nullus eſt, aut non per ſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Tex. 56. pronunciauit cęlum non eſſe in loco. </s> <s>Si verò opponas iterum; hunc locum, <lb></lb>de quo meminit Ariſt. 4. Phyſ. tum eſſe ad quem corpora ferantur, & in quo maneant ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2672"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturam, & à quo conſeruentur. </s> <s>Ad hęc multa ſuccurrunt, quæ dicere valeamus. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vni<lb></lb>uocum eſſe locum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò definitionem ipſius, ſed <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ad vnum. </s> <s>Sicut igitur in iis quæ ſunt ad <lb></lb>vnum, ſat eſt, ſi quidem conditiones in iis reperiantur quę pendent ex primo: <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> pacto ſe <lb></lb>habeant poſteriora, ſiue ad nos, vt hîc fortaſſe dicendum eſt: ſiue ex natura, nihil refert: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>in locum cęli, & in locum eorum quæ ſunt infra Lunam, euenire dicendum eſt. </s> <s>Maneat ergo cœ<lb></lb>lum ſecundùm naturam in loco ſuperiore, & ibi conſeruetur etiam, & hęc ei ſufficiunt qui <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>cęli quempiam eſſe tueatur. </s> <s>conſeruari autem ibi dicemiis, quae illic ſecundùm naturam ſe habeat <lb></lb>maximè, cùm ex ea ſede maxime operari poſsit, & illa munia præſtare quę ad ſuam naturam ac<lb></lb>commodatiſsimà ſunt, quippe immortalitatem. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae cęlum ipſum, quatenus moue<lb></lb>tur, tendit à medio & ad medium: quare tantum abeſt, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſurſum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deorſum moueatur, <lb></lb>vt perpetuò ſimul <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> motu concitetur. </s> <s>Iamin. </s> <s>conceditur motum à medio ſurſum eſſe, mo<lb></lb>tum verò ad medium illi oppoſitum eſſe deorſum. </s> <s>Sed tranſeamus ád alia. </s> <s>Quando verò conclu<lb></lb>ditur, animantia non habere certum locum: ſatis patet <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> falſum ſit ex diſtributione animantium, <lb></lb>quorum nonnulla terrena ſunt, aquatilia quædam, aerea reliqua. </s> <s>Præteręà, manifeſtum eſt ea ſpe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2673"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctari, vel ex materia, vel ex habitu: rurſus, vel vt ſpeciei conſeruationem intuentur, & ad totius v<lb></lb>niuerſitatis conſeruationem faciunt, aut ad ſalutem indiuidui. </s> <s>ac certè vniuerſitas ſpeciei contra<lb></lb>rium poſtulat, indiuiduum conſeruatur à ſimili: & iterum materia ſimile quærit; habitus poſtu<lb></lb>lat contrarium. </s> <s>Sed de his abundè ſuperius. </s> <s>Cur etiam locus hic quem ego nunc obtineo, ab aſsi<lb></lb>gnata loci definitione eſt immunis? </s> <s>Si <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ei loco in quo. </s> <s>ſum, conuenit extremum eſſe corporis <expan abbr="cõ-tinentis">con<lb></lb>tinentis</expan>, primum, immobile, cur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> meus hic locus ab Ariſtotele non erit deſcriptus? </s> <s>Pari <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ra<lb></lb>tione, quando corpora ſunt alicubi pręter naturam, in loco non eſſent. </s> <s>Ita de <expan abbr="plãtis">plantis</expan> dicere licebit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Etiã">Etiam</expan> mixta inanima <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> verſantur in loco qui fortaſſe non eſt ex natura elementi reliqua <lb></lb>ſuperantis, & ita ſunt in extremo cuiuſpiam ambientis, <expan abbr="Quãobrem">Quanobrem</expan> ſatis conſtat, locum ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>deſcriptum 4. Phyſ. eſſe <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> vniuerſis corporib. quæ per ſe mouentur: addo etiam iis conuenire <lb></lb>poſſe per accidens quæ mouentur per accidens, vnde attulit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan> ab animo, qui per ac<lb></lb>cidens eſt in loco, cùm ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per accidens ex motu ſubiecti mutet locum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi etiam ma<lb></lb>thematicæ dimenſiones ſunt in ipſa materia, ac prorſus termini magnitudinis naturalis: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id <lb></lb>euitari poteſt, quin corpori mathematica dicta definitio loci conueniat. </s> <s><pb pagenum="431"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2674"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2662"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2663"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2664"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2665"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2666"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2667"></margin.target>b T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2668"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2669"></margin.target>a T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2670"></margin.target>b T. 45.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2671"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2672"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2673"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2674"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum locus à re mobili ſeparetur. </s> <s>Caput XLVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVNTAMEN hæc quantum pertinet ad rudem illam <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> qua via recluditur ad <lb></lb>intima rerum ipſarum penetralia ſatis: nunc medullas exploremus, & <expan abbr="exquiſitũ">exquiſitum</expan>, quoad poſ<lb></lb>ſumus, perſequamur. </s> <s>Cùm verò in duas principes partes Ariſt. </s> <s>oratio diſtributa fuerit; <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> qua <lb></lb>inhærentia, quæ <foreign lang="grc">ἐνυπάρχοντα</foreign>, ſiuè <foreign lang="grc">ἐνόντα</foreign> vocantur, afferuntur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram qua ex inhæren<lb></lb>tib. loci definitio colligitur: & nos item ante alia de inhærentib. diſſeramus. </s> <s>Quoniam verò de lo<lb></lb>co corporis <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> proprio nunc agimus, ad ipſum omnia contrahamus quæ <expan abbr="inquirũtur">inquiruntur</expan> à nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>De hoc ergo primùm conuenit inter omneis philoſophos, vt contineat id, quod eſt in loco, <foreign lang="grc">πε<lb></lb>ριέχειν</foreign> Græci dicunt. </s> <s>At verò vox iſta ad multa etiam funditur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> interdum eſt reuocare ad <lb></lb>vnum; ſic genus continere dicitur ſpecies, & forma continere materiam, & totum conſimili ratio<lb></lb>ne continere partes, prætereà ſupponi. </s> <s>quamobrem diuinus præceptor de ſerie rerum, <expan abbr="principio-rumq́">principio<lb></lb>rumque</expan>. </s> <s>naturæ diſſerens, hæc quidem <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan>, illa verò contineri dicebat; quæ prima in illa ordi<lb></lb>ne forent, continentia vocans, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cætera penderent, quę <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> teſtabatur. </s> <s>Valet <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>àc terminare: quamobrem dixit <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> puncta continere lineam: propriè verò <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> am<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2675"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bire: hoc eſt, ſimul extendi cum alterius corporis magnitudine, ſed exterius, vt habeat illud quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2676"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continetur intra ſe, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> vas: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id, quia ſolùm cum extrema illius ſuperficie ſimul extendatur, <lb></lb>quemadmodum veſtis, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum dimenſionib. vniuerſis, longitudine, latitudine, & altitudine, <lb></lb>quod de ſua illa diſtantia Stoici prædicabant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm tot ſint notiones eius, quod eſt contine<lb></lb>re: duo quærenda de loco in primis ſeſe offerunt; quomodo ipſe <expan abbr="cõtineat">contineat</expan>, an'ne ita vt ſemper am<lb></lb>biat, an ſufficiat ſolùm, ſi terminet; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> terminare ſolùm videbitur, ſi centrum eſt terræ locus, <lb></lb>vt aliquando teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi etiam defendi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, centrum eſſe locum cęli; vt idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2677"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpicitur aſſeueraſſe: <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ſi terra locus eſt aquæ, vt eſt, eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> philoſopho autore. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2678"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2679"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam: eſto quae ambiat locus, & cum eo, quod eſt in loco, extendatur; quæſitum eſt item, an ſic ex<lb></lb>tendatur, vt veſtis cum eius ſuperficie ſolùm, quod continetur in ipſo, an <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum altitudine: <expan abbr="mul-tosq́">mul<lb></lb>tosque</expan>. </s> <s>patronos habuit hæc pars, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm tempore Ariſt. </s> <s>verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſtea ſapientiſsimus Gale<lb></lb>nus, & Philoponus vir inter Chriſtianos longè eruditiſsimus <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> ſententiam mordicus <expan abbr="defen-derũt">defen<lb></lb>derunt</expan>. </s> <s>Atenim <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> locus, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> accipiatur à nob. </s> <s>ab eo quod eſt in loco, ſeparari queat; <lb></lb>& id non leuem dubitationem præſeferat, & eiuſmodi, vt ſicco pede tranſeunda non ſit: nos ab <lb></lb>hoc capite quæſtionem de natura loci ex ordiemur. </s> <s>Nouimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> locum eſſe accidens ei quod eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2680"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in loco. </s> <s>etenim eſſe in loco in nouem generib. accidentis reponitur. </s> <s>Nam licèt ſit in continente, in <lb></lb>eo velut terminus ineſt, non, quia ſit eius locus. </s> <s>Et quanuis obiicias <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> locum eſſe terminum eius <lb></lb>quod dicitur eſſe in loco, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in cauſsis quæ magnitudinem conficiunt, ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> numeretur; at <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2681"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in eo quod <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, eſt vt terminus intrinſecus; in eo quod eſt in loco ita ineſt, vt terminus extrin<lb></lb>ſecus, & quemadmodum veſtis, eſt aliquid ab eo quod ipſam habet, ſeparatum, ſic locus eſt ter<lb></lb>minus extra corpus, quod continetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eius habitudo ad <expan abbr="locatũ">locatum</expan> efficit accidere quod eſt vbi, <lb></lb>non res ipſa quę extrinſecùs eſt, eo prorſus modo quo lapis in renib. refertur ad <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, quòd ſit <lb></lb>morbus ex eius habitudine ad renes, & veſtis exhabitudine ad corpus eſt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, quod refertur <lb></lb>ad habere: Sed illud obſtare videtur; quae locus, quatenus locus, eſt mobilis forma. </s> <s>Si igitur manet <lb></lb>forma in eo cuius eſt forma; profectò & locus inerit intrinſecùs in re mobili. </s> <s><expan abbr="Opponũt">Opponunt</expan> & alij <expan abbr="ſpatiú">ſpa<lb></lb>tium</expan> <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> corporis intrinſecum quod eius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> non eſſe defendant, immo extra cœlum, vbi nil <lb></lb>aiunt omnino eſſe philoſophi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> corpus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> locum, ſi cogitetur eſſe homo, ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> propria <lb></lb>ſit eius diſtantia quam occuparet: & ita ſe habere videtur, vt ſine illo ſpatio corpus mente com<lb></lb>prehendi non poſsit; quia ſibi viciſsim comitantur ſpatium & corpus. </s> <s><expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò familiatem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2682"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>intimum apparet eſſe corporis <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> locum. </s> <s>Vt ſe tueretur Themiſtius <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ab his incommodis, ab<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2683"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſurdum non reputauit, ſi concederet, accidens à ſubſtantia poſſe ſeparari. </s> <s>Sed quia nos Lib. 1. ac<lb></lb>cidens à ſubſtantia ſeparari non poſſe conſtituimus, vlterius properemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> pro Themiſtio poſ<lb></lb>ſet dicere quiſpiam: non poni abſolutam illam <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan> accidentis à ſubſtantia, verùm à ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiis ſingularib. indefinitè; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="duorũ">duorum</expan> generum accidentia recenſentur à philoſophis; intrin<lb></lb>ſeca quędam, quæ cum illis ita interpretabimur, quòd oriantur ex poteſtate materiæ: alia aduen<lb></lb>titia, quæ potius in relatione poſita ſunt efficientis ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, cuiuſmodi eſt lumen. </s> <s>quanuis igi<lb></lb>tur intrinſeca ſeparari non poſsint: at nihil prohibet aduentitia recedere, vt lumen, quod & ſi fun<lb></lb>datur corpore ſolis, at <expan abbr="aduẽtitiè">aduentitiè</expan> recipitur ab aëre: quo fit, vt ab eo ſeparari poſsit. </s> <s>Ita tamen vt ab <lb></lb>hoc aëre ſeparetur: non ab aëre ſimpliciter quando & ſi non hac aëris parte <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>, nihilominus <lb></lb>eſt in alia: ſic locus, aut potius eius ſuperficies imitatur vas quod manet idem ſemper noua corpo<lb></lb>ra excipiens: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita fit, vt à ſubſtantia ſeparetur: non tamen ab omni ſubſtantia ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Cæte<lb></lb>rùm neſcio mehercle, an lumen, & ſi <expan abbr="pẽdet">pendet</expan> à corpore Solis quod per ſe vnum eſt, vnum etiam in <lb></lb>variis partib. aëris conſeruetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem ſit ad numerum hodie quod fuit heri: nec etiam, ſit'ne <lb></lb>idem locus quo amphora vinum capiebat, & nunc aërem capit, quoniam, tametſi eadem eſt in <pb pagenum="432"></pb>tima ſuperficies vaſis: at non eo conſiſtit eſſentia loci; ſed habitudine, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> habet ad corpus, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2684"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt in vaſe: non videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> prorſus eadem habitudo ſeruari; quoniam, dum aquæ partes exhau<lb></lb>riuntur; nondum locus eſt, ſed fit; licèt ea mutatio in loco per ſe, <expan abbr="proprièq́">proprièque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſubſiſtat, quatenús <lb></lb>eſt continuum quoddam, aut forma de prædicamento ipſius vbi; ſed per accidens, & vt ſequitur <lb></lb>varietatem corporis quod educitur, aut inducitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> mutatur habitudo: quod verò mutatum <lb></lb>eſt, idem ad numerum non amplius redit. </s> <s>Idcirco quidam conati ſunt defendere locum illum in<lb></lb>trinſecum, quod mobili foret adnexum, velut vmbra corpori. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mihi placet hæc opi<lb></lb>nio; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> placito Philoſophi ſatis reſpondet. </s> <s>Nam quid aliud, obſecro, eſt locus ille internus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>diſtantia, ſeu corporis <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> dimenſio cum ſuis terminis; & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> propria <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei magni<lb></lb>tudo? </s> <s>Certè decreta Ariſt. </s> <s>oppugnat: quandò negat ipſe vniuerſum & cęlum eſſe in loco; dicere ta<lb></lb>men liceret cum eſſe in loco propter illam ſuam internam diſtantiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="præcisèq́">præcisèque</expan>. </s> <s>admodum locu<lb></lb>tus eſſet, niſi Theorema de loco cęli pertractans, ſaltem verbotenus, tale genus loci ſignificaſſet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnum hoc perſpicuum eſt 4. Phyſ. nihil huiuſmodi indicatum, ne dixerim decretum fuiſſe oppo<lb></lb>ſitum. </s> <s>Sed nos, cùm ea quæ dubitata ſunt, ex definitione iam conſtituta, diſſolui queant, & ea quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="continẽtur">continentur</expan> in illa, à <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> ſenſu confirmata fuerint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea quæ ab aliis <expan abbr="ſtatuunt̃">ſtatuuntur</expan>, non neceſſaria ſint, <lb></lb>quinimmo, fieri nequeant. </s> <s>veſtigiis Ariſt. </s> <s>inſiſtentes, hiſce receptis ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="reſpõdebimus">reſpondebimus</expan>. </s> <s>Scire igi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2685"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur conuenit, aliam rem eſſe locum ab eo quod eſt ipſum vbi. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> locum ſimpliciter <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> <lb></lb>ſine ſenſili qualitate, vt cum qualitatib. ipſis. </s> <s>Nam locus per ſe ſimpliciter acceptus eſt <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſpe<lb></lb>cies quanti: ſed ipſum vbi eſt habitudo loci ad ſubſtantiam quæ habitudo conſtituit vnam è no<lb></lb>uem categoriis accidentis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in loco de quo dicendum eſſe prius admonet id, quae ipſum vbi, ſi<lb></lb>ue in loco, eſt quippiam à loco nominatum; hęc ſpectari poſſunt, ratio termini & capacitatis, ſiue <lb></lb>ambitus: ac ratio quidem termini ineſt in loco, vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt ſimpliciter: quia ſic eſt terminus cor<lb></lb>poris, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> cęteræ ſuperficies, aut <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> linea ſint termini corporis naturalis. </s> <s>Ita igitur <lb></lb>eſt in ſubiecto, in corpore quod eſt in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, per ſuam quantitatem; ſicuti li<lb></lb>nea & ſuperficies in eodem eſſe dicuntur: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> termini eius, vt dictum eſt. </s> <s>Locus verò terminus <lb></lb>eſt illius corporis quod continet; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt dempta ratio continendi, cęteris terminis ipſum pa<lb></lb>rem penitus reddat. </s> <s>quae ſi accedat <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinendi">continendi</expan>, iam terminus ille fit locus, & id cuius eſt terminus <lb></lb>fit locans. </s> <s>Igitur eſſentia loci poſita eſt in habitudine quadam ad id quod dicitur eſſe in loco, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>hęc eſt communis ratio loci. </s> <s>quae ſi illi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſuperueniat eſſe terminum corporis ita affecti, & con<lb></lb>tinere item corpus ſimili ratione affectum, iam factus eſt locus naturalis. </s> <s>Veruntamen & ſi locus <lb></lb>ita conſideratus intuetur ſimul, cum id quod continet, tùm id quod continet; <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> item aliam <expan abbr="rõ-">ron<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2686"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem, quà locus eſt; etenim terminus eſt. </s> <s>Nam quod mouetur, ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua mouetur, non eſt in lo<lb></lb>co, niſi poteſtate; ob <expan abbr="eamq.">eamque</expan> cauſſam <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, vt quendam locum <expan abbr="adipiſcat̃">adipiſcatur</expan>, in quo maneat, niſi mo<lb></lb>ueatur contra naturam, & inde vi <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> expellatur. </s> <s>Sed vtrum ne <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> albedo termi<lb></lb>nus eſt albefactionis, qui actus eſt eius quod albeſcit, quatenus <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, an alius eſt eius proprius q<lb></lb>dam modus? </s> <s>Maximè ſi locum ſimpliciter acceperis, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> albedo terminat intrinſecè penitus <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> & poteſtatem quæ manet in eo quod albeſcit: at quia poteſtas ipſius vbi non abſolutè poſi<lb></lb>ta eſt in mobili ſed deſideratur inſuper aſsiduè ſpatium ſuper quo fit motus, & ſine quo fieri ne<lb></lb>quit, & terminus ſpatij qui continente fundatur, quod externum eſt; ex hoc efficitur, vt locus ſit <lb></lb>proximè ſpatij terminus, quare terminus extrinſecus ipſi mobili, cui, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> abſoluit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="cõtin-git">contin<lb></lb>git</expan> eſſe in loco. </s> <s>Sed ſi locum naturalem obſerues, non diſtinguitur à certis formis, habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="inſup̃">inſuper</expan> <lb></lb>aliam vim ipſe locus, vt terminet facultatem mobilis illius quod <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> propenſionem ad ſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>locus ſit terminus corporis certis qualitatib. affecti; cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> notet <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan> corporum à cęlo, <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> copia permanat ad nos, vnde eſt, & eſſe, & bene eſſe, cuius in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> re mortali inge<lb></lb>nitus eſt appetitus pro captus ſui <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>; fit, vt ex loco mortalia conſequantur ea bona ad quæ ſua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2687"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pte natura propendent, licet aliunde contributa. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> in eo facultas conſeruandi: ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>negari nequit <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> eſſe terminum eius poteſtatis internum. </s> <s>& hic eſt locus ille qui habendus eſt na<lb></lb>turalis. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iudicium de ipſo vbi faciendum eſſe <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, quandò <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> aliud fe<lb></lb>rè diſcrimen intercedat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae locus à conditionib. ſenſilibus quæ ſunt ęquè in continente, & in eo <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan>; & à continendi <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> mente ſeuocetur: vbi verò, & eſſe in loco <expan abbr="quiddã">quiddam</expan> ab eo <expan abbr="deno-minatũ">deno<lb></lb>minatum</expan>: quapropter locus <expan abbr="aĩo">animo</expan> comprehendi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ea ratione ſolùm qua terminus eſt de genere <expan abbr="q̃ti-tatis">quati<lb></lb>tatis</expan> eius corporis, quod tametſi continet; non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> reſpicitur, vt continens, & vt ſolùm <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> in ſe <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <lb></lb>habitudinem <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> perpetuò <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> accidens <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, & <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> item quæ terminus eſt intrin<lb></lb>ſecus ſubſtantiæ, & eſt in eorum ordine, quæ per ſe quanta ſunt <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſint aliquid <expan abbr="ẽr">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃tita-tis">quantita<lb></lb>tis</expan>, vt termini, habent adnexam relationem. </s> <s>Vbi verò addit relationem continentis ad id quod <expan abbr="cõ-tinetur">con<lb></lb>tinetur</expan>, nec ab ea, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cogitatione diuelli <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe in loco, vbi eſt <expan abbr="apprędicat̃">apprędicatur</expan>; id verò ſem<lb></lb>per aliud reſpicit, cùm ſit <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> nota quæ de altero prædicantur. </s> <s>Ergo eſſe vbi eſt <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan>, & ad id <lb></lb>eſt vbi quod conſiſtit <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ad id quod eſt in ipſo: hoc verò cum ſpectetur ſine qualitatib. ſenſi<lb></lb>libus & nulla habita <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> virtutis quæ demittitur cęlitùs, eſt vbi ſimpliciter: ſi ab his non ſegrege <pb pagenum="433"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2688"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, eſt vbi naturale, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> cùm ſit terminus mobilis, & beneficio ſpatij ſuper quo fit motus, & <lb></lb>præmio facultatis ingenitę ad <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> <expan abbr="cęleſtiũ">cęleſtium</expan> participationem & ad <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan>; contin<lb></lb>git item <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> ſimul & <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan>; externum, cauſſa quantitatis & termini qui <expan abbr="cõ-tinente">con<lb></lb>tinente</expan> fundatur; <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan>, propter <expan abbr="adnexã">adnexam</expan> <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> quę eſt eius perfectio quod ad locum mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque hæc à doctrina Ariſt. </s> <s>abhorrent, ſi conſulas ea quæ nos docuit 4. de Cęlo, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ratio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2689"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cur vnus <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>locus <expan abbr="pluriũ">plurium</expan> <expan abbr="mobiliũ">mobilium</expan> quæ numero ſolo diſtinguantur, eſſe queat per<lb></lb>fectio: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illa facultas intrinſeca in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> indiuiduis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ſpeciei, ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> vbi ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ita defenditur Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> 1. de cęlo <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua <expan abbr="ſumit̃">ſumitur</expan> diuerſas terræ partes <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> è diuerſis orbibus ab huius<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2690"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mundi <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> eſſe deſcenſuras. </s> <s>Ab his ad <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> propoſitam. </s> <s>Vbi quęritur, an locus, vel vbi <lb></lb>ſeparari poſsint; aio <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan> illis attribui, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> aliis <expan abbr="accidẽtibus">accidentibus</expan>, quia ſicut <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>ſine reliquis interdum <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>, ita & ſine loco, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſeruatur accidens, vbi <expan abbr="ſeparet̃">ſeparetur</expan> <lb></lb>à ſubiecto; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> manet locus. </s> <s>Cùm verò locus ſit ſpatij terminus, & <expan abbr="quãto">quanto</expan> <expan abbr="nitat̃">nitatur</expan> quod eſt cęle<lb></lb>ſte, & <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> in vniuerſo; ſic <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> locus eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>: at <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> locus, <lb></lb>vt locus <expan abbr="cõprehendit">comprehendit</expan> <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> ad ea quæ ſunt in loco, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="variat̃">variatur</expan>, euenit, vt locus, quatenus <lb></lb>locus eſt, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="conſeruet̃">conſeruetur</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, vt quaſi dicas <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> materialiter vnum eſſe ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>; for<lb></lb>maliter verò vnum ad <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & hoc <expan abbr="monendũ">monendum</expan> puto, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in loco <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſit duplex accidentis, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2691"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ad <expan abbr="cõtinens">continens</expan>, & ad id quod <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>, id quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> aliis accidentibus <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> euenire ſo<lb></lb>let; fieri, vt <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> corrumpatur; <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſi continentis termini <expan abbr="varient̃">varientur</expan>, deinde ſi mutentur <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> termini rei quæ <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>, vt fit incremento & decremento. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſit in extrinſeco locus, <lb></lb>vt in eo quod eſt in loco; nil <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> ſit: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> relatione <expan abbr="tenet̃">tenetur</expan>, cui non repugnat ad <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan>, & ſubie<lb></lb>cto <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> aliquo pacto ſe habere, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>variato permutari, vt columna ex meo motu è dextra <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſiniſtrã">ſiniſtram</expan> mutatur: quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>; quae hoc modo <expan abbr="corrũpatur">corrumpatur</expan> habitudo & locus, <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt à <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2675"></margin.target>a 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 13.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2676"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2677"></margin.target>b 2. De cę<lb></lb>lo T. 99.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2678"></margin.target>c 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2679"></margin.target>d 4. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2680"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2681"></margin.target>e 4. de Ge. <lb></lb>animal. <lb></lb></s> <s>Probl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2682"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2683"></margin.target>f C. de lo<lb></lb>co.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2684"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2685"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2686"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2687"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2688"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2689"></margin.target>a T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2690"></margin.target>b T. 82.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2691"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur de ęqualitate loci: quapropter etiam multa de diſtantia diſputantur contra <lb></lb>Philoponum. </s> <s>Caput XLIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVICVNQVE verò quærit, an locus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eo ipſo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt in loco, <expan abbr="protendat̃">protendatur</expan>, duas quęſtiones <lb></lb>attingit: <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> quidem, Vtrùm locus aliquis indiuiduo <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> poſsit; an'ne ſit neceſſariò <lb></lb>ſuperficies: <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> verò, An locus <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis adæquet <expan abbr="locatũ">locatum</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm verò prima illa <expan abbr="q̃ſtio">quaſtio</expan> flagitet <lb></lb><expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> motus ſpecialis <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> qui nobis infrà <expan abbr="tractãdus">tractandus</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> de loco generatim <lb></lb>fuerit <expan abbr="peroratũ">peroratum</expan>; ea reiecta <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> aliud <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="cõmodius">commodius</expan>, de hac poſteriore dicamus in <expan abbr="præsẽtia">præsentia</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãuis">Quanuis</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2692"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in attributis loci <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> æqualitas <expan abbr="numeret̃">numeretur</expan>, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrouerſias">controuerſias</expan> maximas habet; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> po<lb></lb>ſtulat, vt <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan> de loci æqualitate generatim <expan abbr="explicẽtur">explicentur</expan>, propter ea <expan abbr="p̃ſertim">pnſertim</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à Græcis in Ariſt. </s> <s>al<lb></lb>lata <expan abbr="fuerũt">fuerunt</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> primùm, ſi locus adæquaret <expan abbr="locatũ">locatum</expan>, quia <expan abbr="locatũ">locatum</expan> corpus eſt; hoc verò treis habet <expan abbr="di-mẽſiones">di<lb></lb>menſiones</expan>, aut ergo <expan abbr="dimẽſiones">dimenſiones</expan> duæ tribus eſſent æquales, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ſanè fieri nequit, aut locus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="dimẽ-ſiones">dimen<lb></lb>ſiones</expan> obtineret, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> malè <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> fuiſſet <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan>. </s> <s>Prætereà quia locus <expan abbr="cõ-tinet">con<lb></lb>tinet</expan>; at probabile eſt <expan abbr="cõtinens">continens</expan> eo <expan abbr="mai9">maius</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan>, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> docet Proclus <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Minus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> continente <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2693"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> eſt id quod <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="sũpſe-ris">sumpſe<lb></lb>ris</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τὴν περιοχὴν</foreign> & <expan abbr="cõprehenſionẽ">comprehenſionem</expan>. </s> <s>Inſuper, ſi dixeris tu <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> corporis <expan abbr="ambiẽtis">ambientis</expan>, <expan abbr="eun-demq́">eun<lb></lb>demque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe <expan abbr="æqualẽ">æqualem</expan> extimæ <expan abbr="illi9">illius</expan> ſuperficiei <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt in loco: ſi fingamus id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt in loco, eſſe <expan abbr="rotũdũ">rotundum</expan>; <lb></lb>profectò <expan abbr="conſequet̃">conſequetur</expan> <expan abbr="duorũ">duorum</expan> <expan abbr="circulorũ">circulorum</expan> <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> fore <expan abbr="diametrũ">diametrum</expan>, & <expan abbr="ſup̃">ſuper</expan> <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> deſcribi poſſe circulos <lb></lb>diuerſos æquales, aduerſus ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nobis mathematici <expan abbr="demõſtrarũt">demonſtrarunt</expan>. </s> <s>Potuit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc loci: proprietas <expan abbr="tã-tũ">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan> apud <expan abbr="Galenũ">Galenum</expan>, <expan abbr="Philoponũ">Philoponum</expan> & alios <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan>, vt eius tuendæ gratia diſceſſerint ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="confeſsiq́">confeſsique</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>fuerint <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> quod treis dimenſiones haberet, necnon acutiſsimas ali<lb></lb>quot <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> protulerint, quibus <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> poſitio <expan abbr="cõfirmari">confirmari</expan> poſſet, hoc modo. </s> <s>Quod eſt in loco, neceſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2694"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt in eo ſit, quod eſt capax illius: at quod eſt in loco, treis habet dimenſiones, ergo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> locus qui <lb></lb>capit <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, treis habeat dimenſiones oportet. </s> <s>Prętereà cęlo maximè conuenit locus: at cęlum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſt in loco, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſuperficie continentis, quia nihil habet extra ſe: ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſuperficies <expan abbr="ambiẽtis">ambientis</expan> erit <lb></lb>locus, ſed potius ipſa diſtantia. </s> <s>Necnon ex aëre <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> cedere conſtat, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ab adueniente cor<lb></lb>pore occupatur; <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> cedit corpus quod antè <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> illud obtinebat; <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſuccedit quod <expan abbr="tantũdẽ">tantundem</expan> <lb></lb>poſsidet magnitudinis: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="quãtũ">quantum</expan> eſt corpus illud <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> à loco <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> à ſimili <expan abbr="cõfirmari">confirmari</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quia ſicut <expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> liquoris, aut tritici <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſolùm capi debet <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuper-ficiẽ">ſuper<lb></lb>ficiem</expan>, & <expan abbr="perimetrũ">perimetrum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> illud <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> <expan abbr="ſolidũ">ſolidum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> metimur à quæ <expan abbr="ſextariũ">ſextarium</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dimeti<lb></lb>mur ſolùm <expan abbr="q̃tus">quantus</expan> ſit <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> ambitus, ſed <expan abbr="quãta">quanta</expan> ſit tota ipſius <expan abbr="corpulẽtia">corpulentia</expan>: à pari igitur id quod <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nũ">num</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="altitudinẽ">altitudinem</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo talis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit, qualis fuit <lb></lb>ab Ariſt. </s> <s>definitus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõſtituamus">Conſtituamus</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, inquit Philoponus, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora quæ intra cęli <expan abbr="ambitũ">ambitum</expan> <expan abbr="conti-nent̃">conti<lb></lb>nentur</expan>, abire in <expan abbr="nihilũ">nihilum</expan>. </s> <s>relinquetur'ne <expan abbr="cõcaua">concaua</expan> cæli ſuperficies, & amplius prætereà nihil? </s> <s>profectò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſuperſtes erit <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illiuſmodi corpora <expan abbr="cõtinebat">continebat</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſola ſuperficies <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> corpus; <expan abbr="ve-rumetiã">ve<lb></lb>rumetiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> illud <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> permeat <expan abbr="ſolidũ">ſolidum</expan>. </s> <s>Satis id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nobis <expan abbr="oſtẽdit">oſtendit</expan> <expan abbr="experiẽtia">experientia</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="ſumit̃">ſumitur</expan> à vaſculis <lb></lb>illis, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>vacui vim, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="effundit̃">effunditur</expan> aqua, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="haurit̃">hauritur</expan>. </s> <s>cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aut quo pacto poſsit aqua reti <pb pagenum="434"></pb>neri, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> exhauriri, niſi <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> illud eſſet <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <expan abbr="ambitũ">ambitum</expan> permearet, ſed intimà di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2695"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="menſionẽ">menſionem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud ab eo corpore quod <expan abbr="continebat̃">continebatur</expan>, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem ab illo ſeparabile. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſanè <lb></lb><expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan> hæc opera vacui <expan abbr="cõtingere">contingere</expan>: at qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> erit, niſi <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> illud ſit quod intra terminos <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan>? </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſoli termini <expan abbr="efficerẽt">efficerent</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>; nil <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> præter terminos ipſos <expan abbr="ſup̃eſſe">ſupereſſe</expan> poſſet. </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan>? <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè ſuperficies ipſa fit <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃tunuis">quatunuis</expan> <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> metiaris, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ob id noſti <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> eius <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> intrà <lb></lb>continet. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> ſuperficiei <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tribuat̃">tribuatur</expan>, vel ex eo <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan>. </s> <s>eſt; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan>, ſi ad<lb></lb>moueas aliquod corpus intimæ ſuperficiei, ſeu magis, ſeu minus; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcirco plena, aut vacua ſu<lb></lb>perficies eſſe <expan abbr="dicet̃">dicetur</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> ſine iſta <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> nequit eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla prorſus facultas ſine hac ex<lb></lb>tabit <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan>, quia nihil erit quod <expan abbr="p̃ter">praeter</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> dici poſsit. </s> <s>Nam, quae aliquid <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> <expan abbr="nominet̃">nominetur</expan>, quia <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> corporis alicuius <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> attingat, ſtolidi eſt opinari: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſic extra <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> eſſet aliquod <expan abbr="va-cuũ">va<lb></lb>cuum</expan>, eo quae nil <expan abbr="extremã">extremam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> eius attingit. </s> <s>Ob hęc <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia multa ponebat Philoponus locú <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> quod per ſe foret inane, & illud <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> actu quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> à corpore <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> deſereretur. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>quid aduerſus <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> attulerit Ariſt. </s> <s>expoſuimus antea. </s> <s>Veruntamen & ipſe ad ea <expan abbr="reſpõdere">reſpondere</expan> co<lb></lb>natus eſt, <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="docẽs">docens</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> huius <expan abbr="diſtãtiæ">diſtantiæ</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius quæ propria corporis eſt, & interna: quę <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>corporis eſt, expers <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="sẽſiliũ">senſilium</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>: <expan abbr="nr̃a">nostra</expan> verò, inquit, ipſis caret. </s> <s><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſanè quæ cum <expan abbr="sẽſili">senſili</expan> qua<lb></lb>litate <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa abſurda <expan abbr="cõſequũtur">conſequuntur</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Peripatetici <expan abbr="obiecerũt">obiecerunt</expan>: ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> repugnat huic altera <lb></lb><expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="cõſimilis">conſimilis</expan>: atqui <expan abbr="nr̃a">nostra</expan> qùæ ſenſilis qualitatis expers eſt, nulli <expan abbr="incõmodo">incommodo</expan> <expan abbr="ſublicit̃">ſublicitur</expan>, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> altera <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2696"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>congruere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cum ſuperficie ſuperficies, & <expan abbr="aptat̃">aptatur</expan> alteri, vt linea lineæ. </s> <s>Cęterùm fuga <lb></lb>hæc eſt prorſus irrita & inanis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="experiẽtia">experientia</expan> <expan abbr="mõſtrat">monſtrat</expan>, <expan abbr="occupationẽ">occupationem</expan> loci, & <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="repugnãtiam">repugnantiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan>, vt Gręci dicunt, <foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστασ́ιαν</foreign> à dimenſionis ingenio deriuari, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt, ſi reipſa <lb></lb>liceret, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> mente <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>, ſeuocare à <expan abbr="sẽſili">senſili</expan> qualitate <expan abbr="dimẽſionẽ">dimenſionem</expan>, optimè perſpiceremus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="diſtãtię">diſtantię</expan>, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan>: nam cùm digitu in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> immittimus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> effluit aquæ <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt digiti qui iniectus eſt. </s> <s>ex quo <expan abbr="canonẽ">canonem</expan> deduxit <expan abbr="ſapiẽtiſsimus">ſapientiſsimus</expan> ille <lb></lb>mathematicus Archimedes deprehendendi <expan abbr="fraudẽ">fraudem</expan> aurificis, Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Hiero rex Siracuſarum <expan abbr="aureã">auream</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="coronã">coronam</expan> <expan abbr="votiuã">votiuam</expan> diis immortalibus in <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> fano <expan abbr="cõſtituiſſet">conſtituiſſet</expan> <expan abbr="ponendã">ponendam</expan>: ad ſacoma <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> <expan abbr="appẽdit">appendit</expan> re<lb></lb>demptori. </s> <s>præſtitit aurifex ad ſacoma pondus coronæ. </s> <s>Indicio facto pro auro; <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> argenti in <lb></lb><expan abbr="coronariũ">coronarium</expan> opus eſſe admixtum, Hiero indignatus, nec inueniens qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="furtũ">furtum</expan> <expan abbr="deprehẽderet">deprehenderet</expan>, <expan abbr="Ar-chimedẽ">Ar<lb></lb>chimedem</expan> rogauit, vt eius rei <expan abbr="curã">curam</expan> <expan abbr="hẽret">haberet</expan>. </s> <s>caſu venit in <expan abbr="balneũ">balneum</expan>, <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> deſcendiſſet in <expan abbr="ſoliũ">ſolium</expan>, animad<lb></lb>uertit, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ſui corporis in eo inſideret, <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> aquę extra <expan abbr="ſoliũ">ſolium</expan> effluere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <expan abbr="expli-cãdæ">expli<lb></lb>candæ</expan> rei offendiſſet, <expan abbr="repẽte">repente</expan> gaudio exiliuit, & de ſolio <expan abbr="nud9">nudus</expan> <expan abbr="domũ">domum</expan> verſus, <expan abbr="currẽs">currens</expan> clamabat <foreign lang="grc">εὑρηκα; <lb></lb>εὐρηκα</foreign>: <expan abbr="Tũ">Tum</expan> verò duas <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> feciſſe maſſas ęquo pondere, quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fuerat corona, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> ex auto, alteram <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2697"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex <expan abbr="argẽto">argento</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> ita feciſſet, vas <expan abbr="amplũ">amplum</expan> ad <expan abbr="sũma">summa</expan> labra impleuit aqua, in quo demiſit <expan abbr="argenteã">argenteam</expan> <expan abbr="maſsã">maſsam</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> <expan abbr="quãta">quanta</expan> magnitudo <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> vaſe depreſſa eſt, <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> aquę <expan abbr="effusũ">effusum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="exẽpta">exempta</expan> maſſa, <expan abbr="quãto">quanto</expan> minus <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> <lb></lb>fuerat, refudit, <expan abbr="ſextarioq́">ſextarioque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mẽſus">menſus</expan> eſt, vt <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo, quo prius fuerat, ad labra <expan abbr="æquaret̃">æquaretur</expan>. </s> <s>Ita ex eo in<lb></lb>uenit, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ad <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> argenti certa aquæ <expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> <expan abbr="reſpõderet">reſponderet</expan>. </s> <s>Hoc experto <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="aureã">auream</expan> <expan abbr="maſsã">maſsam</expan> <lb></lb>ſimiliter pleno vaſe demiſit, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="exẽpta">exempta</expan>, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> menſura addita, inuenit ex aqua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> deflu<lb></lb>xiſſe, ſed <expan abbr="tãto">tanto</expan> minus; <expan abbr="quãto">quanto</expan> minus magno <expan abbr="corpor̃">corporum</expan> <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="põdere">pondere</expan> auri maſſa foret <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="argẽti">argenti</expan>. </s> <s>Poſteà ve<lb></lb>rò repleto vaſe in ea de aqua ipſa corona demiſſa, inuenit plus aquæ defluxiſſe in <expan abbr="coronã">coronam</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="aureã">auream</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="põdere">pondere</expan> <expan abbr="maſsã">maſsam</expan>, & ita ex eo quod plus defluxerat aquæ in corona <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in maſſa, <expan abbr="rõcinatus">roncinatus</expan>, <expan abbr="depre-hẽdit">depre<lb></lb>hendit</expan> <expan abbr="argẽti">argenti</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> auro <expan abbr="mixtionẽ">mixtionem</expan>, & <expan abbr="manifeſtũ">manifeſtum</expan> <expan abbr="furtũ">furtum</expan> <expan abbr="redẽptoris">redemptoris</expan>. </s> <s>Hîc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> alio <expan abbr="inuẽto">inuento</expan> vſus eſt Archime<lb></lb>des <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="diſtãtiæ">diſtantiæ</expan>. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="diſtãtiæ">diſtantiæ</expan> repugnat, nec vlla ibi opera <expan abbr="sẽſilis">senſilis</expan> qualitatis interce<lb></lb>dit, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nobis indicauit Ariſt. 4. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Hinc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> apparet <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> eſſe prorſus eius <expan abbr="argumẽti">argumenti</expan> robur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2698"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cui <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> tribuerat Philoponus, ita ſe habet <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> ad <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan>, veluti ſuperficies ad <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan>, & <lb></lb>linea ad <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan>: atqui linea lineæ <expan abbr="aptat̃">aptatur</expan>, & ſuperficiei ſuperficies: ergo & <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> cum altera ſimili <lb></lb><expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="cõgruet">congruet</expan>. </s> <s>Par <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> horum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> non eſt; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <expan abbr="aptant̃">aptantur</expan> magnitudines ea ex parte quę ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2699"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>indiuiduæ: qua verò ex parte <expan abbr="diuidunt̃">diuiduntur</expan>, <expan abbr="extendunt̃">extenduntur</expan> vnà, <expan abbr="maiuſq́">maiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>faciunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ſuperficies & linea <lb></lb>ſint aliquo pacto indiuidua, hac <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> inter ſe <expan abbr="cõponunt̃">componuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Atqui <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> eſt <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> diuidua: <lb></lb>ergo ſemper alterius acceſsione <expan abbr="diſtãtiæ">diſtantiæ</expan> maior fiet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non ſeruatur ſimilitudo inter <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> & <lb></lb>cęteras magnitudines, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> accepit Philoponus. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ipſe <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alia <expan abbr="di-ſtãtia">di<lb></lb>ſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="cõgruere">congruere</expan> poſſe recipiat, & ſuper tam lubrico fundamento <expan abbr="ſtruãt">ſtruant</expan> ſolutiones argumentorum <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan>, quae fruſtra laborat. </s> <s>Adiiciebat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ille vir, vt euaderet è laqueis Ariſtotelicis, <expan abbr="diſtãtiã">diſtantiam</expan> eſſe <lb></lb>accidens <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> & corpori. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> quæ locus eſt, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> & <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora na<lb></lb>turalia complectatur. </s> <s>Vt primum probaret, in medium attulit auctoritatem Ariſt. </s> <s>aſſumentis id <lb></lb>quod eſt quantum, accidere ſubſtantiæ, atque adeò, vt concipi ſine ſubſtantia poſſet, quòd infini<lb></lb>tum in ſui <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> vtatur, quanto non <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>; ſic dicit ipſe <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> quanti ipſius eſt, ergo ſepara<lb></lb>tur à ſubſtantia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm corpus ſit <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, ab eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparabit̃">ſeparabitur</expan>. </s> <s>De natura ſanè cor<lb></lb>poris idoneo loco diſſeretur. </s> <s>ſed intereà ſtatuamus quantum <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> à materia ſeparari, in qua in<lb></lb>eſt intrinſecùs extentio, ſed ſi fortè, cogitatione ſeiungitur à materia ſenſili; necnon eſſe aliquod <lb></lb>corpus de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ quod deſcribatur per alterum corpus, quod ſit in prædica <pb pagenum="435"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2700"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mento <expan abbr="quãtitatis">quantitatis</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita cum illo <expan abbr="connexũ">connexum</expan>, vt à ſubſtantia naturali, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> reipſa, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> ſaltem <lb></lb>rudi ſegregetur. </s> <s>Quamobrem falsò etiam illud à Philopono aſſumptum eſt, ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> con<lb></lb>cipi cum ipſa quantitate. </s> <s>Prætereà, quod attinet ad ſecundùm; ita <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> excludere locum <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <lb></lb>proprium. </s> <s>Quòd ſi talis eſt locus, cùm pendeat, vt ſuprà diximus, ex terminis, cùm corporis con<lb></lb>tinentis, tum eius quod continetur, ex eorum immutatione immutari ipſum quoque <expan abbr="oportet̃">oportetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec termini intrinſeci ſunt præter propriam <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> diſtantiam, & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ipſa præſtat, quod termini <lb></lb>iſti intrinſeci: necnon termini iſti extrinſeci proprij ſufficiunt, quin potius neceſſarij ſunt. </s> <s>quid <lb></lb>igitur multiplicare diſtantiam iſtam quæ in omnibus vna ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> communis? </s> <s>Deus enim & na<lb></lb>tura nil efficiunt fruſtra. </s> <s>Perſiſtamus ergo in placitis ipſius Philoſophi, & his aſſentientes quæ <lb></lb>monſtrat ſenſus, & ſapientis ratio confirmat, dicamus, locum nil aliud eſſe poſſe, quàm id quod <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele definitum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>nos ad explorandum rationes contrà allatas accedamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2692"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2693"></margin.target>c Politia.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2694"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2695"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2696"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2697"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2698"></margin.target>a T. 76.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2699"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2700"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Expenduntur rationes Philoponi contra Aristotelem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>L<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò locus eſt vox multiplex; etiam in eo quod pertinet ad ſignificandum <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſitũ">ſitum</expan> & vbi rerum quæ ſunt: vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita eſt, vt cum dicitur alicubi res eſſe, intelligatur <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> extra <lb></lb>locum illum non eſſe .i. </s> <s>quia præſens ſit alicui loco ſecundùm propriam ſuam ipſius eſſentiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2701"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò ſunt ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> incorporeæ, quæ item per ſe ſunt immobiles, præcipuè verò, quæ ſunt <lb></lb>immobiles per ſe, & per accidens. </s> <s>vnde Deus in cęlis eſſe <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, & in eorum dexteris, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ibi fun<lb></lb>ctiones eius maximè vigent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> neſcio ſatis'ne Ariſtotelicum ſit illud, quod Platonici profiten<lb></lb>tur, vt Porphyrius in lib. de appulſu ad intelligenda quæ ſunt incorporea per ſe, vbique eſſe, non <lb></lb>ſanè cum dimenſione, ſed impartibiliter: cùm videantur eſſe potius in aliqua prima <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> parte, <lb></lb>& per illius motum cęteris deinceps communicare ſuam virtutem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> in loco, vt partes <lb></lb>earum diſtent, & loci cuiuſdam partibus pro portione reſpondeant, vel ex alia parte <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> eſſe in lo<lb></lb>co, vt id quod alicubi eſſe dicitur, partes habeat <expan abbr="diſtãtes">diſtantes</expan>, & ſingulas loci <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> partibus circun<lb></lb>datas. </s> <s>ex quo locus <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> partium diſtantiam permetitur, idcirco & id quod eſt in loco, <lb></lb>diuiduum ſit oportet; primum illud Latini noſtri vocant eſſe in loco definitiuè, poſterius hoc eſ<lb></lb>ſe in locum circunſcriptiuè. </s> <s>De poſteriore hoc excitata eſt vniuerſa hæc diſputatio, & in hoc ſi<lb></lb>gnificato locus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>definitus eſt, & <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> ipſum argumentatur Philoponus: primò quidem <lb></lb>opponens. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod eſt in loco, eſſe in illo per <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> dimenſiones: habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> dimenſiones. <lb></lb></s> <s>At nos damus antecedens; negamus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod ipſe vult ex eo <expan abbr="cõſequi">conſequi</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eſto vt id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2702"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt in loco, tres habeat dimenſiones, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eas omnes capiat locus: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> non neceſſariò id quod eſt <lb></lb>in loco, ita eſt in eo, quia treis habeat dimenſiones, ſed merito ſuperficiei <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>, & terminorum, qui<lb></lb>bus intrinſecè finitur id quod eſt in loco. </s> <s>Verbig. </s> <s>ſi fingere liceret <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> ipſius terræ <expan abbr="cõnexã">connexam</expan>, <lb></lb>à corpore terræ <expan abbr="ſeparatã">ſeparatam</expan>, retinere <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="rotunditatẽ">rotunditatem</expan>, & quiddam ab ambientis ſuperficie <expan abbr="diſtinctũ">diſtinctum</expan>, <lb></lb>ponere, eſſet <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> huius ſuperficiei locus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> olim fuerat terræ. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> locum, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè <lb></lb>altitudini, ſed extremæ latitudini ſolùm tribui. </s> <s>Deinde cùm adſcribit locum maximè cælo deberi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> velit Ariſt. </s> <s>id eſſe in loco quod ab alio corpore <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan>: <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan> ab alio cor<lb></lb>pore: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> eſt in loco. </s> <s>Atqui <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt in loco: locus igitur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="ambiẽtis">ambientis</expan> extremum. </s> <s>Multa <lb></lb>profectò <expan abbr="ſuccurrũt">ſuccurrunt</expan> quæ ad hęc dici <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> queant: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> de propoſitione controuerſia futura eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vtrum'ne <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod eſt in loco, neceſſe ſit ab alterius corporis ſuperficie <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan>, propter varia ſi<lb></lb>gnificata loci de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ante hac <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Sed ſi maneamus in ea loci notione quam nuper indi<lb></lb>cauimus, & ad <expan abbr="aſsũptionẽ">aſsumptionem</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> eius quod <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan>, ita dicimus. </s> <s>Cęlum <expan abbr="cõſiderari">conſiderari</expan> <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> <expan abbr="to-tũ">to<lb></lb>tum</expan>, aut ſecundùm partes. </s> <s>At certè, ſicut <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ab alio corpore <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt item in loco. <lb></lb></s> <s>Partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in loco eſſe <expan abbr="dicunt̃">dicuntur</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in loco <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan>; ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab aliis corporib. <expan abbr="ambiũtur">ambiuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2703"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quare damus <expan abbr="aſsũptionẽ">aſsumptionem</expan> de toto, de partibus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> negantes: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ad <expan abbr="aſsũptũ">aſsumptum</expan> <expan abbr="reſpõdemus">reſpondemus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi accipiat cęlum, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſſe maximè in loco: id eſſe falſum, quae ſi cæli partes intelligat; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicimus <lb></lb>eas maximè <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan>: proptereà <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> valere id quod vltimò colligebat. </s> <s>Locus <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="ambiẽtis">ambientis</expan> <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Tertiò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cùm inſimulat Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="opponẽs">opponens</expan> <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> aëris in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> aquæ <expan abbr="ſucceſſurũ">ſucceſſurum</expan>, quan<lb></lb>tum prius aderat aquę: locus <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="altitudinẽ">altitudinem</expan> & <expan abbr="metit̃">metitur</expan> <expan abbr="ſolidũ">ſolidum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> loci, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> è corporis illius <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan> à loco. </s> <s>Demus & ad hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> illud <expan abbr="antecedẽs">antecedens</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõcedamus">concedamus</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> <expan abbr="profunditatẽ">profunditatem</expan> quî <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm capiat <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> corpus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> capiat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vniuerſas eius <expan abbr="dimẽ-ſiones">dimen<lb></lb>ſiones</expan>? </s> <s>attamen aio <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ob id <expan abbr="tertiã">tertiam</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="dimenſionẽ">dimenſionem</expan> permetiri, & <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſui <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> habere; ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſt illa dimenſio propria quæ continentur à loco. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> locus eſt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> illud <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> quod occu<lb></lb>pat corpus id quod eſt in loco; verùm terminus ipſius. </s> <s>illud verò <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> eſt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> in loco. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> locus proximè dimetitur <expan abbr="perimetrũ">perimetrum</expan> corporis, & <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> hanc metitur, <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> corpus metitur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> proximè <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> toto corpore ſimul <expan abbr="producit̃">producitur</expan>: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò <expan abbr="illi9">illius</expan> <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> eſt, vt <expan abbr="metiat̃">metiatur</expan>: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ſic <expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> <expan abbr="pro-gredit̃">pro<lb></lb>greditur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> <expan abbr="obeat̃">obeatur</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eo quod ſit generis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, & pars <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> quod metimur. </s> <s>ſic fit vt ſolida ſo<lb></lb>lidis metiamur, ac vera tritici <expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> triticum eſt, & aquæ ſanè aqua, ſed vas reddit nos certiores <lb></lb>de prima illa menſura per certos terminos & certam capacitatem, quæ tamen per ſuperficiem ſo <pb pagenum="436"></pb>lam ſit nobis explorata. </s> <s>Triticum ergo eſt id quo metimur primò, quod eſt ſolidum, & ſic ſo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2704"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lidum ſolido metimur, ſed vas ponit nobis ante oculos vniuerſam molem, licet <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſignificet per <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> tantummodo ſuperficiem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per ſolidum: non ſecus ac, ſiquis totam Thaidem ſe con<lb></lb>ſpexiſſe aſſeueraret, quam <expan abbr="nudã">nudam</expan> vidiſſet; eius verò cutem ſolam; nil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod intus eſſet, <expan abbr="oculorũ">oculorum</expan> <lb></lb>acie luſtraſſet, & nos vlna metimur pannum; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſecus àc linea corpus & totum meritos eſſe con<lb></lb>fitemur. </s> <s>Quartæ obiectioni dabat manus etiam Galenus, ideò in <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> acerrimè inuecti ſunt The<lb></lb>miſtius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Simplicius: ille quidem ita occurrens, quia ſi ſtatuatur ſpatium quod intra <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>exinaniri, fore potius, vt cælum ruat, ne vacuum detur. </s> <s>Attamen quantunuis hoc verum ſit: <lb></lb><expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> ſatis ſedare mentem addubitantis, & imponere finem quæſtioni. </s> <s>Quid enim prohibet ad cu<lb></lb>iuſpiam rei naturam <expan abbr="explorandã">explorandam</expan>, fingere aliquid: tametſi <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt aliàs abundè à nobis <lb></lb>expoſitum eſt? </s> <s>Idcirco Themiſtius inſuper adiiciebat, in hac hypotheſi contineri fallaciam, quia <lb></lb>ſcilicet id quod eſt in principio, peteretur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem foret, àc ſiquis oſtendere vellet eſſe inane, <lb></lb>& conſtitueret quiddam, quod fieri non poſſet, tantundem valens: veluti ſi ſtatueretur corpus <lb></lb>tangens non tangere; quemadmodum ſi acciperetur vas non tangere corpus quod intra ſe con<lb></lb>tineret, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> peteretur eſſe vacuum: ita & in re noſtra. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reuocetur illud in <expan abbr="controuerſiã">controuerſiam</expan>, <lb></lb>an diſtantia ſit; accipitur, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe conſtituitur. </s> <s>sed enim meo quidem iudicio facilè purgatur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2705"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab hac obiectione Galenus: quandoquidem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> id accipitur quod penitus fieri nequit, & apertò <lb></lb>inculcat diſtantiam, ſed hęc ſtatuuntur, nimirùm corpus exire de loco in quo manebat, & corpus <lb></lb>in eius locum ſuccedere. </s> <s>ea verò fieri queunt, neque reclamant naturæ, imò ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>euenire poſſunt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi hæc fieri poſſunt: ponantur eſſe facta (falſum id quidem, haud eiuſ<lb></lb>modi <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, vt fieri nequeat) vt vnde exierit aqua, eò nón irrepſerit aër. </s> <s>profectò erit diſtantia, aut <lb></lb>vacuum, aut nihil: aliter, aut non ſupereſſet <expan abbr="cõtinens">continens</expan>, aut inde aqua non exiſſet, aut aër fuiſſet in<lb></lb>greſſus, quæ ſanè <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> aduerſantur hypotheſi. </s> <s>Si igitur ita <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> colligamus; hoc erit certè con<lb></lb>quae Græci contra Galenum ſtatuunt id non poſſe fieri, ſpatium nimirùm ſine corpore eſſe non poſ<lb></lb>ſę, neque viciſsim ſine ſpatio corpus, & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> fieri nequeat, id quod ex eo conſequitur, fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſſe ſignificantes, non concedunt: cùm tamen hoc ſit petere. </s> <s>ſiquidém illud dubitetur, an ſpa<lb></lb>tium habeat <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> à corpore diſtinctam, & protinus ita eſſe acceptum ſit. </s> <s>Aut ergo dicendum <lb></lb>eſt ad Galenum hỳpotheſin illam, & conſequens <expan abbr="cõtingere">contingere</expan> ſecundùm rationem ſolum; <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb>rem verò prorſus non poſſe fieri: non ſecus àc ſi conſtitueretur eſſe corpus mathematicum, & <lb></lb>inde colligeretur eſſe materiam ab omni ſenſili qualitate ſecretam, quæ tamen in rerum natura <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2706"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Argumentum igitur obtinebit veritatem ſecundùm <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> rem, <lb></lb>ita <expan abbr="cõplectetur">complectetur</expan> fallaciam ex figura dictionis, aut occurrendum potius illi hypotheſi, ſi aqua cedat <lb></lb>ex hoc loco, aërem illi non eſſe ſucceſſurum: nam <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> hoc <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> fallaciam à ſecundùm quid <lb></lb>ad ſimpliciter: accipitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aërem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſucceſſurum. </s> <s>id quod fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, colligitur vniuersè, neque <lb></lb>aliud corpus. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> falſum eſt: nam ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> irrepet illò aër; aliud corpus <expan abbr="eòdẽ">eòdem</expan> neceſſariò com<lb></lb>migrabit. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conantur experientiis illis à <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> vaſculorum generibus acceptis, per<lb></lb>ſuadere vacuum eſſe, atque diſtantiam illam de qua tot iam dicta ſunt; oppugnant Græci notan<lb></lb>do hypotheſin illam à ſimili acceptam de cęlo: quoniam extra hoc corpus nihil eſt <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan>: at in<lb></lb>tra ipſum idem non eueniret? </s> <s>Verùm neſcióne an ſatis tutò; nanque id fieri poteſt, vt corpus a<lb></lb>liud non tangat, ſed ſeipſo terminetur, <expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> ratione cęlum ab aliis elementis natura ſeparatum <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Proptereà totius illud eſt, quod Peripateticè profiteri licet: naturam egere continuitate <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2707"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corporum, vt qualitares, cùm illæ quæ afficiunt; tum etiam quæ perficiunt, tanquam de manu <lb></lb>in manum, corporibus inter ſe conſequentibus communicari queant. </s> <s>Quare tantum abeſt, vt in<lb></lb>de probetur eſſe vacuum, vt conſtet potius nil magis oppugnare naturam: idcirco natura labo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2708"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rat, ne ſit vacuum: non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id impleri vult quod vacuum eſt. </s> <s>Cùm autem ex eo <expan abbr="pẽdeat">pendeat</expan> vis illius <lb></lb>argumentationis, quia docetur <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> impleri per tractionem; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, non niſi à diſtantia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ef<lb></lb>fici. </s> <s>id ita non eſt, & <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> falſum repudiari oportet. </s> <s>nam conſecutio illa exoritur à continuitate <lb></lb>corporum ſiue naturali, quemadmodum in humidis, quando trahuntur deorſum, ſeu præter na<lb></lb>turam, ſiquando trahantur ſurſum: omnis verò diſtantia eſt eorum propria quæ trahuntur: qua <lb></lb>ſi careat mundus, iam fuerit inane, cuius diſtantiæ terminos tangit locus, & per illos eam compre<lb></lb>hendit. </s> <s>Ex his autem quæ contra Galenum & Philoponum diſſeruimus, deprehenditur falſitas <lb></lb>primæ illius obiectionis: nempè quae ſi corpus in loco eſt, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> habet profunditatem, quae etiam, ſi <lb></lb>locus æqualis locato futurus ſit, <expan abbr="profunditatẽ">profunditatem</expan> habiturus ſit neceſſariò: <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> apparuit duplex æqua<lb></lb>litas; altera quidem quę dicatur dimenſionis, per quam corpus corpori <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> eſſe æquale, & <expan abbr="vnum-quodq.">vnum<lb></lb>quodque</expan> <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> in ſuo genere, linea .ſ. </s> <s>lineæ, & ſuperficiei ſuperficies; altera verò quæ capacitatis <lb></lb>appellatur; qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſufficit, ſi duorum corporum termini ſint æquales; ſic eandem crumenam <lb></lb>implebit aurum & æs, non ſanè ponderis eiuſdem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eiuſdem extentionis, ſed ambitus <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſe <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> id quod eſt in loco, & locus. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi dimenſionem ſpectes, æqualis <expan abbr="dimẽſio">dimenſio</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt; <pb pagenum="437"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2709"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi terminos tuearis æqualis eſt locus extimæ ſuperficiei corporis quod <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="oppone-bat̃">oppone<lb></lb>batur</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinens">continens</expan> fore maius eo quod <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>: planè fieri id <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> confitear, nec neceſſariò <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed cùm dicitur locum æqualem eſſe locato; non <expan abbr="cõparamus">comparamus</expan> ambiens totum, neque ſecundùm <lb></lb>vniuerſas dimenſiones toti locato, ſed extrema duntaxat, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> corporis continentis, tum eius quod <lb></lb>continetur, ſecum conferuntur, nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> corporis habita, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita locus æqualis eſt locato. </s> <s>Euer<lb></lb>titur <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tertium, quia ſit ſyllogiſmus pſeudographus: ſiquidem, vbi probat Euclides, duos <lb></lb>circulos <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> diametrum habere non poſſe, nec ſuper <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> centro licere deſcribi circulos æqua<lb></lb>les; concipit eos, vt reipſa diuerſos, ſed circuli iſti noſtri re ſunt eidem, ratione ſolùm <expan abbr="diſcrepãtes">diſcrepantes</expan>; <lb></lb>propterea quae eorum circunferentiæ ſecundùm quas accipitur ratio loci, non faciunt aliquid diuer<lb></lb>ſum, neque diuerſum obtinent ſitum, ſed reapſe vnus eſt circulus qui duas habet rationes, vnam <lb></lb>qua terminat corpus quod eſt in loco, atque alteram qua claudit illud quod ambit. </s> <s>Ita igitur ex <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis ſententia locum æqualem eſſe locato decretum ſit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2701"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2702"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2703"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2704"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2705"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2706"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2707"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2708"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2709"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur vtrùm locus ſit ſuperficies, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AD partes definitionis modò venientes; cùm potuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>locum eſſe ſuperficiem corporis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2710"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continentis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem immobilem; quæramus de loco primùm, ſit'ne abſolutè ſu<lb></lb>perficies: nam & contra hoc Philoponus ita diſſeruit, vt Ariſt. </s> <s>ſibi redarguiſſe videatur. </s> <s>Foret <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>inquit, vt, dum quiſpiam mutat locum, non mutaret, niſi ſuperficiem, ſed cùm ſuperficies ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="altitudinẽ">altitudinem</expan> indiuiduæ ſint, quotlibet <expan abbr="accumulẽtur">accumulentur</expan>, nulla fiet acceſsio ſpatij, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> promotio; <lb></lb>non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> non fiat magnitudo, quanuis innumera coëant vnà. </s> <s>Poterat & id Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auctori<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2711"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tate confirmati, locum à ſuperficie <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> vnam ſpeciem ab alia ſeparantis. </s> <s>Prætereà, ſi locus eſſet <lb></lb>ſuperficies; eſſet, aut ſecundùm formam, aut materiam: atqui non idem ſecundùm formam: quan<lb></lb>dò ea quæ ſic eadem ſunt, eiſdem muneribus <expan abbr="potiũtur">potiuntur</expan>, ſed multa ſunt quibus locus & ſuperficies <lb></lb>diſtingui poſsint: nam locus conſeruat locatum, continet item, quorum nihil ſuperficiei per ſe <lb></lb>conuenit. </s> <s>Ad locum fertur mobile ſecundùm naturam, non autem ad ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Locús agen<lb></lb>di vim habet, ſuperficies verò; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> quantum eſt, agendi vi caret. </s> <s>Ex altera parte id formaliter <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe cum aliquo dicitur quod eius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> complet; talis autem videtur eſſe ſuperficies, quan<lb></lb>doquidem genus eſt loci. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi locus eſt accidens, & ideò definitur per ſubiectum, quod eſt <lb></lb>ſubſtantia; tamen eius item eſſentia <expan abbr="cõpletur">completur</expan> à genere accidentis: in <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan> enim genere ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2712"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua eſt imago ſubſtantiæ per quam eſt quid eſt, & ſpeciei ratio, tametſi non perfecta, vt in prædi<lb></lb>camento ſubſtantiæ, proinde neque idem ſecundùm materiam ſuperficies eſt & locus. </s> <s>Rurſus, ſi <lb></lb>locus eſſet ſuperficies, vnus locus eſſet vna tantummodò ſuperficies; ea tamen vna non eſt, vt <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb>corporis alicuius <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> mergitur in aquis. </s> <s>Conſentiunt philoſophiæ Latinæ procere: locum <lb></lb>& ſuperficiem <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> rem & ſubiectum, vel potius ſecundùm materiam: ratione verò <lb></lb>diſcrepare, nam ſuperficies, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, nil aliud ſignificat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terminum corporis naturalis <expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> <lb></lb>duæ ſunt dimenſiones: at locus accipit inſuper relationem ad id quod eſt in loco; quaſi notio lo<lb></lb>ci non conſiſtat eo ſolùm, quae ſit ſuperficies, & tanquam ſi quodlibet aliud eſſet, poſſer <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> loci con<lb></lb>ſeruari. </s> <s>Iandunus qualitatem loco tribuebat à qua ſeuocatur ſuperficies. </s> <s>Dicebant nonnulli <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>reuera eſſe locum & vbi, quod eſt diuerſum prædicamentum ab ipſo quanto, & quanuis illi pro<lb></lb>prietates quanti conueniant, vt æqualitas, aut quanto ipſi repugnantia per locum, aiunt id loco <lb></lb>totum eſſe tribuendum, quatenus habet partem illam materialem quæ pertinet ad quantum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attamen in omnes hos ſic probabiliter inuehimur, quòd ita fieret, vt locus vna eſſentia foret è plu<lb></lb>ribus conflata prædicamentis; hoc autem fieri nequit: proptereaque è pluribus prædicamentis ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2713"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnum per accidens. </s> <s>Ea certè Latinorum ſententia tutiſsima mihi videtur, præſertim quae apud me <lb></lb>non ſunt inopinabiles eſſentiæ <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> quæ conſtent ſimul è diuerſis prædicamentis, veluti quon<lb></lb>dam de motu <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, & de <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> rerum genere teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quę vnum fiunt per coniun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2714"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctionem in quibus accidens habet vim determinandi, & locum <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> ſubit, & quoquomodo <lb></lb>degenerat in rei ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Sed illud adiiciendum prętereà puto locum aut tanquam <expan abbr="natura-lẽ">natura<lb></lb>lem</expan> affectionem ſpectari, aut ſub <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> illa notione qua nos ipſum 4. Phyſ. definitum fuiſſe pro<lb></lb>fitemur, & hinc dubitationes in medio poſitas arbitramur poſſe tolli. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi opponit Philo<lb></lb>ponus, <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> mutaturum eſſe locum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſuperficiem; <expan abbr="cõmittit">committit</expan> fallaciam à diuiſis ad coniun<lb></lb>cta: accipit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in motu neceſſariam eſſe ſolùm loci mutationem, & ſuperficiei, cùm <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> vlterius <lb></lb>ſpatium requiratur ſuper quo fit motus in quo termini deſignati ſunt ſuperficies, & locus: ideò <lb></lb>quando mutatur aliquid ſecundùm locum, mutat ſpatium: at ipſum diuidi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & hoc ſpatium <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> peragratur, quemadmodum pluribus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>concluſum eſt, quoniam ſpatium per ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt, & infinitè diuiduum, ſiue vt quantum <expan abbr="ſolũmodo">ſolummodo</expan> <expan abbr="cõcipiatur">concipiatur</expan>, ſiue vt cum corpore na<lb></lb>turali cuius eſt extrema ſuperficies, quod Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> appellat <foreign lang="grc">ὑποχείμενον</foreign>, & ſubiectum motus, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2715"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>item in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> motu aliqua ex parte cedere voluit: nam pars in eo ſpatio princeps eſt illud ſuper quo <pb pagenum="438"></pb>nititur; vult <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> locus eſſe immobilis; id quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in eo corpore quod cedit, tantiſ per aſſequitur: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2716"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> etſi per aërem fit motus, neceſſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſit cogatur, vt ſuſtineat animal quod per ipſum fertur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vbique ergo diuiduum. </s> <s>Eius termini ſunt ſuperficies locus: qui quidem per ſe diuidui ſunt ſecun<lb></lb>dùm longitudinem & <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan>, ſed ad ipſum ſpatium ſunt quemadmodum termini. </s> <s>Nunc ſpa<lb></lb>tium, ſi veluti quantitas aduertatur, eſt fixum, immobile, & in vniuerſo perpetuo manens; <lb></lb>at ſi cogitetur vt ſubiectum motus, in illo eſt extentio, & poteſtas quæ pertinet ad <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan> <lb></lb>ipſius vbi; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> idem eſſe videtur, ac ſi cogitemus ſuperficiem quandam fluentem, vt aiunt, vel ſu<lb></lb>perficiei fluxum, quanuis ſola longitudine definiri videatur. </s> <s>Primùm, quia longitudo variat pri<lb></lb>mi loci conditiones, vt in vniuerſo, quae à cęlo plus minus'ue corpora diſtent; cùm ea cęteroqui quæ <lb></lb>per latitudinem diſiuncta ſunt, quae eaſdem vires cęlitùs demiſſas participent, in eodem loco eſſe di<lb></lb>cantur, velut omnes aëris, aut aquę partes. </s> <s>aëris autem aquæ non idem locus: deinde quae prima <expan abbr="mẽ-ſura">men<lb></lb>ſura</expan> quantitatis eſt longitudo: quamobrem & qua locus, & quà quantitas eſt, longitudine explo<lb></lb>ratur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non ſic metimur motum, quia maius aut minus corpus aliquod ſpatium conficiat, ta<lb></lb>metſi maius corpus occupat maiorem locum; ſed longitudo ſola attenditur, & tantundem ſpatij <lb></lb>permenſus ego fuero, qui paruus ſum, quantum Hercules, vbi <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> ad ſtadij finem perueneri<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Poſito igitur ſpatio, cuius terminus eſt ſuperficies, quanuis in eo longitudo ſola ſpectetur: <lb></lb>ſicut innuit Ariſt. 6. Phyſ. termini in ipſo, aut poteſtate conſiſtunt, aut actu: vbi actu conſiſtant, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2717"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>indiuidui ſunt, & ibi termini motus collocantur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſt actu locus, vbi verò ſint poteſtate; adhuc <lb></lb>motus exercetur: & eſt poteſtate ſolummodò locus, cęterùm dum ſeruant <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> in continuo, <lb></lb>iam magnitudinis ratio retinetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> fit proceſſus, & id quod mouetur, magnitudinem perme<lb></lb>titur. </s> <s>Non ergo ſuperficies cum ſuperficie congruit in motu, & ſpatio metiendo, nec ob id indiui<lb></lb>duum, cum indiuiduo, vt opponebat Philoponus: ſed ſpatij longitudo conficiebatur, & ſuperfi<lb></lb>cies in potentia peragrabantur quæ non abhorrent à magnitudine, quanuis vt termini magnitu<lb></lb>dinis haberentur qui in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſpatij parte figi poſſent, & actu effecti finem imponerent motui. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd autem diſtinxerit Ariſt. </s> <s>aliquando locum à ſuperficie, cauſſam cum Auerroe reddam: in<lb></lb>quit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>in eo loco rudius fuiſſe locutum, & rerum ſpecies, non quidem, vt eſſent; ſed vt fer<lb></lb>ret fama, recenſuiſſe: at vulgo inualuerat ea notio loci, vt eſſet diſtantia tribus affecta dimenſioni<lb></lb>bus, ſed reuera ſuperficies eſt. </s> <s>Ad ſecundam obiectionem reſpondemus vnà cum Latinis: ipſum <lb></lb>locum idem eſſe cum ſuperficie ſecundùm materiam, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundùm rationem: ex quo item <lb></lb>definiri per ſuperficiem, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> per ſuum genus: quia ſoleat genus eam partem menti ſubiicere quę <lb></lb>materiæ locum occupat in compoſito & definito. </s> <s>Verùm quia nos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſumimus locum ſub com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2718"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>muni notione qui idem eſt propemodum àc ſuperficies; accedit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola capacitatis habitudo: pro<lb></lb>pter hanc ipſam rationem loci eſſentiam ab eſſentia ſuperficiei ſeparamus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm vt ſpeciem <lb></lb>à genere diſtingui volumus, ſed vt ſpeciem à ſpecie propter eiuſmodi relationem. </s> <s>Idcirco ad id <lb></lb>quod opponitur; <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> idem eſſe cum loco formaliter, quia complet eius eſſentiam, dicimus <lb></lb>quidem eam eſſe partem materialem definitionis, nec complere tamen, ſed prætereà requiri diffe<lb></lb>rentiam per quam locus conſtituatur, & à cęteris quantitatibus ſeparetur. </s> <s>Ita locus eſt quidem ſu<lb></lb>perficies, ſed aliquid aliud inſuper. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illa obſtabunt quæ anteà fuerunt allata quibus locus à <lb></lb>ſuperficie ſegregaretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>tollunt ea ſimpliciter eſſentiæ conuenientiam, ſed quae ex toto ſit ea<lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> eſſentia, quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nos aſſerimus: aut pertinent ad locum, non ſub ratione <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan>, veluti <lb></lb>nos accepimus, ſed quatenus eſt forma quædam naturalis. </s> <s>Ita locus eſt ſuperficies, vnus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> locus <lb></lb>vna ſuperficies: vna verò, vel ſimpliciter, vt ſiquid in aqua demerſum fuerit, aut in aëre ſuſpen<lb></lb>ſum, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> vbi continens vnum fuerit, vel cauſſa quantitatis. </s> <s>Etenim nihil officit, per conta<lb></lb>ctum è pluribus diuerſorum ambientium terminis vnum terminum fieri, qui ſit vnus locus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2719"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2710"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2711"></margin.target>a c. </s> <s>de <expan abbr="quã-to">quan<lb></lb>to</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2712"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2713"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2714"></margin.target>b 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2715"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>inceſ. c. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2716"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2717"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2718"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2719"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De loci repugnantia nonnulla tractantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM verò per locum quanto repugnantia tribuatur, neque à natura loci ſemotum ſit, aut à <lb></lb>præſente quæſtione qua loci natura veſtigatur: nam cùm in latione rationem termini ſubeat, <lb></lb>& inter motus terminos exiſtat repugnantia, & huius rei declaratio, cęteroqui non facilis, erit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>non inutilis. </s> <s>Quæritur autem nunc an rectè ratio repugnantiæ petatur à loco; etenim Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="aliquã-do">aliquan<lb></lb>do</expan> teſtatus eſt, repugnantiam in quanto maximè propter locum ineſſe. </s> <s>ex quo item contraria <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſine quanto definiebantur, quippe quòd per diſtantiam <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>terminos. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illa dicuntur eſſe <lb></lb>contraria, quę ſub eodem genere collocata maximè diſtant. </s> <s>Rurſus idem confirmatur hac ratio<lb></lb>ne, quae in iis quæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, id alicui primò tribuitur quod eſt cauſſa nominis, & definitionis eo<lb></lb>rum quæ poſteriora ſunt: at oppoſitio loci eſt cauſſa cęteris <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan>, vt appellentur, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>de<lb></lb>finiantur, quoniam ea quoque diſtare dicuntur: id quod quanti proprium eſt: necnon ita defini<lb></lb>mus omnia contraria, quia ſub eodem genere poſita maximè diſtant. </s> <s>igitur ineſt primum in loco <lb></lb>repugnantia. </s> <s>Et ita definiuit ipſe <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>: <expan abbr="eàq́ue">eàque</expan> maximè diſtare docuit in loco infimo & ſupre <pb pagenum="439"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2720"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mo: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nullum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maius ſpatium deſcribi poteſt in vniuerſo, quàm id quod clauditur centro quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2721"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt deorſum, & circumferentia quæ eſt ſurſum. </s> <s>ac patet, ea loca non modò interuallo diſtare, ve<lb></lb>rùm etiam pollere viribus omnium maximè oppoſitis, & in eiſdem propemodum locis eandem <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſentẽtiam">ſententiam</expan> Auerrois obſeruamus. </s> <s>Attamen expers eiuſmodi ſententia non videtur omnis difficul<lb></lb>tatis. </s> <s>Primùm quidem quia tametſi album in centro, & nigrum in <expan abbr="circũferentia">circunferentia</expan> collocamus, non <lb></lb>idcirco magis erunt minus'ue contraria; verùm ſuæ repugnantiæ rationem intrinſecam obtine<lb></lb>bunt, in quauis diſtantia ponantur: atque etiam ſi fingantur in eodem ſubiecto. </s> <s>non igitur ratio <lb></lb>oppoſitionis à loco peti poſſe cenſebitur. </s> <s>Neque eadem videtur eſſe ratio diſtantiæ in loco & cę<lb></lb>teris quibus aliquid eſt contrarium, vt coloribus, ſed eiuſmodi interuallum quod potius ſit for<lb></lb>mę, quàm ſpatij: nam ſicuti genere <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan>, ita diſcrepant differentiis ea contraria quæ ortum <lb></lb>ab illo genere ducunt: ſed quemadmodum genio ipſum, quod eſt forma communis, non ſignifi<lb></lb>cat vnà quantitatem, ſic neque illius differentię, à quibus potiſsimè ratio repugnantię proficiſci<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Prætereà natura contrariorum talis eſt, vt ſeſe viciſsim afficiant: at id interuallo ſpatij non re<lb></lb>fertur acceptum, ſed actuoſis <expan abbr="patibilibusq́ue">patibilibusque</expan> facultatibus quas ipſi philoſophi qualitates primas <lb></lb>appellatunt. </s> <s>Neque dicere nobis licet; quia ratio diſtantiæ <expan abbr="terminiq́">terminique</expan>. </s> <s>vnde oppoſitionis eſſentia <lb></lb>ſumitur, euidentiores inquanto & loco ſint, quàm in aliis prædicamentis & formis: & idcirco re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2722"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pugnantiæ rationem à quanto fuiſſe deſumptam: quando ſolet inductio peti ab eo quod illuſtri<lb></lb>us eſt: at Ariſtoteles oſtenſurus in locis eſſe terminos, in ductionem fecit in alteratione accretione <lb></lb>& decremento. </s> <s>Vidit hanc difficultatem Zimara, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam dixit oppoſitionem ſpecta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2723"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ri vel ratione formę, vel etiam ratione ſubiecta, in quo poſſunt eſſe contraria. </s> <s>& quantum ad for<lb></lb>mam attinet, repugnantiæ rationem apparere magis in loco, quàm in reliquis formis: illud <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>latere in quonam, vt ſubiecto ſit huiuſmodi repugnantia; & id obſcurius eſſe in loco, quam in cę<lb></lb>teris formis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud ab Ariſt. </s> <s>quæri, cùm inductione vtitur ad monſtrandum terminos eſſe in <lb></lb>locis, non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæritur ibi, quis cui contrarius ſit locus: ſed in quonam ſin<gap></gap> hæc loca contraria: an <lb></lb>.ſ. </s> <s>ſint aliqua corpora quibus contraria loca tribuenda ſint. </s> <s>Veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illius ſolutio mihi <lb></lb>ſatis arridet; & oritur ex errore illo communi qui vexat <expan abbr="plerosq.">plerosque</expan> omnes Latinos; vt valde inten<lb></lb>ti ſeu ſectis, ſeu dictis interpretis alicuius, parùm perſpiciant quid Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe pronuntiet. </s> <s>nil verò <lb></lb>clarius quàm Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non de ſubiecto & corpore verba ibi facere, ſed de terminis: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius ratio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2724"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concluditur. </s> <s>Statuit in primis. </s> <s>Omne quod mouetur è diuerſo, in diuerſum ſpecie mutari: nam <lb></lb>motus nil eſt aliud, quàm receſſus ab vno ad aliud: propterea conſtat è duobus terminis à quo, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2725"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad quem: & inductio <expan abbr="mõſtrat">monſtrat</expan> in affectione ægrum ab ęgritudine transferri in ſanitatem, in accre<lb></lb>tione verò & <expan abbr="decremẽto">decremento</expan> à quantitate perfecta, vel imperfecta duci ad oppoſitam. </s> <s>quare etiam id <lb></lb>quod fertur ab vno tranſit ad aliud: & quoniam ægritudo quæ eſt in ægro, & ſanitas ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ten<lb></lb>dit, contraria ſunt. </s> <s>& imperfectum perfecto <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> eſt: ſic in loco terminus à quo & terminus <lb></lb>ad quem erunt contrarij. </s> <s>Deinde, vbi eſt oppoſitio ibi finem eſſe motus: in infinito <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nulla eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb>repugnantiæ; quia certam diſtantiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem maximam contraria poſtulant quæ nul<lb></lb>la ſanè eſt in infinito. </s> <s>Tùm tertio finem motus recti duplicem eſſe ſupra & ſubter, ſiue <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <lb></lb>& medium; quæ omnia à ſenſu & inductione collecta aptantur ad hunc ſyllogiſmum. </s> <s>Contra<lb></lb>ria ſunt finita, motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> omnis eſt inter contraria: ergo & lationis termini, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſint contrarij; ſunt <lb></lb>finiti. </s> <s>Atqui finis lationis eſt duplex: ſupra .ſ. </s> <s>& ſubter. </s> <s>hęc verò ſunt vnum numero: ergo ſimpli<lb></lb>cia corpora, tanquam ad finem ſui motus feruntur in alterum ex his terminis qui numero vnus <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi lationis terminus. </s> <s>vnus numero eſt, & <expan abbr="mũdus">mundus</expan> item eſt numero vnus conſimiliter. </s> <s>Hęc <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>Quæ'nam ergo ratio ſubiecti hic habetur? </s> <s>quid non pertinet ad terminos? </s> <s>Certè contrario<lb></lb>rum ratio magis, tanquam per id quod euidentius eſt, ſub oculos ponitur per diſtantiam. </s> <s>quæ ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2726"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mitur à quantitate, licet ab intrinſeca ratione formæ ducatur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>nouimus corpora quę ferun<lb></lb>tur in diuerſa loca, diſtare ſecundùm formam, quemadmodum aſpicimus ipſa loca eſſe longiſsi<lb></lb>mo interuallo ſeiuncta, quanquam neceſſe eſt, ea corpora quæ ad loca diſtantia feruntur, eo cieri <lb></lb>propter repugnantiam virium, quam aſſecuta ſunt à forma: illuc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> auolat id quod calidiſsimum <lb></lb>eſt, & leuiſsimum; huc tendit id quod grauiſsimum eſt, & frigidiſsimum. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò perſpicua eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quanti in naturis rerum exponendis, vt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> perfectio formæ per diſtantias & gradus ſignifice<lb></lb>tur, & <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> menſuræ cuius vna virtus eſt, eſſe notiſsimam. </s> <s>huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> notitiam quę eſt ad nos, re<lb></lb>ſpicientes philoſophi per eam repugnantiam, quæ eſt in loco, & per <expan abbr="diſtãtiam">diſtantiam</expan> è quanto petitam, <lb></lb>reliquarum formarum oppoſitiones deſcripſerunt, tametſi vera & intrinſeca oppoſitionis ratio <lb></lb>repugnantia formarum eſt quę poſtulat duo, conuenientiam .ſ. </s> <s>ſubiecti, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actum & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> forma, quę ad ſe viciſsim referantur, vt perfectum & imperfectum: & vt vnum quod <lb></lb>per alterum perfici poſsit. </s> <s>ex quo ſequitur pugna inter illa de eiuſdem ſubiecti poſſeſsione. </s> <s>ita de<lb></lb>finit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> per nota nobis per quantitatem, ipſa contraria. </s> <s>Rationes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à nobis allatæ con<lb></lb>tra definitionem illam concluduntur de ratione repugnantiæ, & de notitia eius, vt aiunt, à priori. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud abſurdum eſt, cognitionem diſtantiæ & loci confuſam euexiſſe nos ad intelligendam <pb pagenum="440"></pb>à priorí repugnantiam quæ eſt inter alias formas. </s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſtea perſpicuè noſcimus ea loca quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2727"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in vniuerſo maximè diſtant, eſſe contraria; <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> maneant in illis ſecundùm naturam corpora quæ <lb></lb>contrarias habent qualitates; & ab his reuera ducitur <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> contrariorum in motu. </s> <s>Quod ſi tribuit <lb></lb>loco Ariſt. </s> <s>oppoſitionem ſimpliciter, & qua quantum eſt, ſcias ipſum in ſua primordia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſtin<lb></lb>xiſſe locum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> à naturale ſeparaſſe, & id quod loco qualitatum beneficio conuenit, ac<lb></lb>cepiſſe, ac ſi ſimpliciter & per ſe ineſſet, ob inſtitutum quod perpetuò ſeruat in Categoriis, nimi<lb></lb>rum, vt res iſagogicè & rudiuſcule rudioribus exponantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2720"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2721"></margin.target>a 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2722"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2723"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> d 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2724"></margin.target>c 1. de cęlo</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2725"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2726"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2727"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum in loco immobilitas accipienda ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>RESTAT illud vltimum, quod in loci definitione poſitum eſt, immobile .ſ. </s> <s>de quo non eſt <lb></lb>meo quidem iudicio dignum, vt quæratur, an ſit eſſentia loci, an potius eius proprietas, ſiue <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia per ipſam aliqua loci differentia deſcribatur: id quod interdum <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> diffe<lb></lb>rentiæ latente fieri conſueuit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & id locum per ſe facit ab aliquo differre, & ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> <lb></lb>expreſsè ad explicandum quid eſt locus. </s> <s>ob illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae locus eſt immobilis, differt à vaſe; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>ipſum moueri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>ibi concluſum, continentis terminum primum <expan abbr="immobilẽ">immobilem</expan> eſſe locum. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2728"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò, & ſi videtur eſſe quoddam accidens, idcirco credendum eſt illud eſſe ineptum ad ex<lb></lb>plicandum quid eſt aliud accidens: nec quicquam vetat, quanuis hoc illi accidat, vt alterius eſſen<lb></lb>tiam compleat, vt alibi dictum eſt. </s> <s>quamobrem his dimiſsis accedamus ad ea quæ de poſtrema <lb></lb>hac differentia loci quæri ſolent; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pauca ſunt; vtputa illud, ſi immobilis eſt, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> ſit naturalis <lb></lb>ſpeculationis: nam de immobilib. philoſophia prima & mathematicæ mentionem faciunt. </s> <s>hæc <lb></lb>verò de mobilib. ſolùm. </s> <s>Tùm item, qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> locus eſt immobilis? </s> <s>nam ſi fuerit, vt certè eſt, ſuperfi<lb></lb>cies continentis; in alio manet, ideò cum illo moueatur oportet; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>variato, ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> varia<lb></lb>ri: vt cum flatib. agitatur aër ille qui me continet. </s> <s>At verò quae locus ſit immobilis, ex <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> conſen<lb></lb>ſu colligitur: vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Eudemus ſtatuebat hanc conditionem loco hypotheſeos, licet Ariſt. </s> <s>eam at<lb></lb>tulerit, vt differentiam quę conſtituat locum, & in ea tractanda Simplicius <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> bellator ignauus <lb></lb>ab Ariſt. </s> <s>deſciuerit. </s> <s>nam pręſumptio, inquit, corrigi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, definitio verò nequaquam. </s> <s>etenim quan<lb></lb>uis locus ſit immobilis, aliud <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quàm ſuperficies, at ſi ſuperficies, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> immo<lb></lb>bilis eſſe ponatur, <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> id alìenum eſſe à veritate. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> indiuidua de finitio; quapropter ex toto ve<lb></lb>ra, aut ex toto falſa. </s> <s>Veruntamen pace tua mihi liceat dicere, Simplici, quid prohibet aliquam dif<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2729"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ferentiam, vt nobis notam potuiſſe præſumi, & id quod nobis <expan abbr="notũ">notum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fore alicuius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>? <lb></lb></s> <s>vt ſiquis (vtar <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eodem exemplo frequentius) eſſentiam languinis indagaturus, calidum ipſum eſ<lb></lb>ſe præſumat, quod nobis exploratiſsimum eſt, poſteà ſanguinem per eundem calorem definiat, <lb></lb>quemadmodum ſecit aliquando Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>à medicis in febris definitione factitatum eſt? </s> <s><expan abbr="Itẽq́">Itenque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>trifariam diuidi corpus aſſumpturà fuit, & admonitione confirmatum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>in definitione cor<lb></lb>poris acceptum. </s> <s>hoc ergo nullius eſt ponderis. </s> <s>Illa grauiora; <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> accipienda ſit immobilitas quæ <lb></lb>complet eſſentiam loci. </s> <s>Multæ ſanè cauſſę ſolent afferri. </s> <s>Tùm quae cùm ſit cuiuſdam corporis termi<lb></lb>nus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per ſe quidem moueatur, verùm fortè per accidens cum eo .ſ. </s> <s>corpore cuius eſt terminus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tùm prætereà, quia permanet eo moto quod erat in loco. </s> <s>Prætereà, quia non mouetur <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> mo<lb></lb>tu quo mouetur id quod eſt in ipſo. </s> <s>Contra primam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> id opponi video; quia locus ab aliis <lb></lb>accidentib. non differret, quandò & alia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> mouentur, non per ſe, ſed cum ſubiecto. </s> <s>Tamen <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi <lb></lb>id ineſſet in vniuerſis diuiſim, ſatis eſſet differentiæ, ſi per ea <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cum iungitur, & <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> accedit, <lb></lb>ſepararet ipſum definitum à reliquis. </s> <s>ita bipes ineſt in <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> & aue, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſi compoti <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> adiiciatur, <lb></lb>fit vnum ex illis, quod differt ab aliis omnib. quæ rationis capacia ſunt, ſiqua ſunt huiuſmodi, ne<lb></lb>que ratio conuerſionis, ſeu reciprocationis in vltima differentia poſtulatur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>de iiſdem pror<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2730"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus indiuiduis accepta ſeorſum ęquè cum definito prędicetur, ſed quia totum aggregatum & diffe<lb></lb>rentiarum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> cumulum efficiat æqualia definitio. </s> <s>ita igitur immobili contingere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Inſuper <lb></lb>aiunt, quia ſic locus non eſſet ſimpliciter immobilis, ſed tantum ſecundùm quid. </s> <s>At vnde id ex <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>collegerunt, locum ſimpliciter eſſe immobilem? </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> philoſophus ipſe; cùm deſignaret <lb></lb>nobis, quemadmodum locus eſſet immobilis, & confirmaret ab iis quæ obſeruantur in mundo; <lb></lb>ſtatuebat ſuprà & infrà tanquam terminos immobiles: & explicans, vt tales eſſent; vni quod eſt <lb></lb>infrà, immobiles ſimpliciter attribuebat; alteri quod eſt ſuprà, quae ſimiliter ſe habens maneret. </s> <s>Po<lb></lb>ſtremò, quoniam <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vas eſſet immobile, cùm eius ſuperficies item per ſe moueri non poſsit. </s> <s>At & <lb></lb>nos anteà docuimus eandem ſuperficiem non ſeruari, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in vaſe, cùm aqua ex ipſo transfertur <lb></lb>aliò, <expan abbr="necnõ">necnon</expan> ſuperficies eius eſſet locus proprius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in eo differret à loco, verùm diſtinguitur ab <lb></lb>ipſo loco totum vas: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud eſt quod per ſe transfertur. </s> <s>Sed illud certe neſcio videre, quem<lb></lb>admodum maneat locus ſimpliciter, poſtquam <expan abbr="amotũ">amotum</expan> fuerit id quod erat in loco. </s> <s>Prætereà quae ita <lb></lb>dicatur immobilis, quia non moueatur eodem motu quo mouetur id quod eſt in loco, &, vt pu<lb></lb>to, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> iſtæ cauſſæ reponendæ ſunt in numero accidentium. </s> <s>quamobrem & immobilitas ipſa per <pb pagenum="441"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2731"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidens ineſſet in loco: ex quo ſequeretur <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>, vt aſſumenda <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> loci eſſen<lb></lb>tialis. </s> <s>Exiſtimauit D. Tho. </s> <s>in loco eſſe id quod formale <expan abbr="nuncupat̃">nuncupatur</expan>: hoc verò eſt ordo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtan<lb></lb>tia, quam <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> talis ſuperficies ad <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan>, vel ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> & polos mundi: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab hoc ordine & inter<lb></lb>uallo, ſiue diſtantia loci ipſius immobilitatem duci. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> ergo ſuperficies <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> proximè continet, ali<lb></lb>quo caſu <expan abbr="variet̃">varietur</expan>, ſiue afflatu <expan abbr="ventorũ">ventorum</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> corporis locati tranſlatione; nihilominus eundem <expan abbr="or-dinẽ">or<lb></lb>dinem</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> permanere. </s> <s>Hæc fuit ſanctiſsimi viri <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>eruditiſsimi <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> facilè <lb></lb>conuelli poſsit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aurib. <expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> afferat abſurdi, <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> & inter <expan abbr="legendũ">legendum</expan> <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>id nobis occurrit frequentius; eſſe duo loca prima in vniuerſo, ſummum & <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan>, ſiue cir<lb></lb>cunferentiam & centrum <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> naturalia corpora, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> vallo quodam concludantur, & in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> naturam quieſcant: & per <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> alterum grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>definiantur. </s> <s>Attamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſa om<lb></lb>ni labe vacua videtur. </s> <s>Vt rerum omnium cauſſæ à mentib. noſtris in tenebras denſiſsimas ſeſe ab<lb></lb>diderunt? </s> <s>Audiamus igitur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2728"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2729"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2730"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2731"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur D. Thomæ ſententia <expan abbr="noſtraq́">noſtraque</expan>. </s> <s>defenditur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANVIS ergo id quod ſapientiſsimus ille vir, nec ſatis <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> laudatus, profeſſus fuit, loco <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2732"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>item ab Ariſt. </s> <s>noſtro tribuatur: attamen ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> naturalem qua naturalis eſt, pertinere cre<lb></lb>diderim: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt in loco naturali talem <expan abbr="immobilitatẽ">immobilitatem</expan> deſiderari penitus putem: verùm, quia ſu<lb></lb>pra dixi, locum hîc ſub <expan abbr="cõiore">coniore</expan> ſignificato definiri; talem immobilitatem non <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> recipimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>me latet hęc obiici D. Thomæ, quae loci natura eſſet ex <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> genere <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter ſe reſpiciunt <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="eſſen-tiã">eſſen<lb></lb>tiam</expan>, quia diſtantia notat habitudinem; inter ſe verò non reſpicere, inde conſtat: quae ad hoc <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ge<lb></lb>nus non fit per ſe motus; ſed ad locum fit motus per ſe. </s> <s>Prętereà quia ſequeretur ſuperficiem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>pertinere ad eſſentiam loci, ſed eſſe accidens ſeparabile: manifeſtum verò eſt eam eſſe loci eſſen<lb></lb>tiam, quia genus. </s> <s>puto verò cauſſam huius connexionis eſſe, quoniam locus formaliter à tali di<lb></lb>ſtantia conſtituatur ipſo auctore: ſed contingit variari <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan>, nihilominus reſtat eadem <expan abbr="diſtã-tia">diſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan>, & proin idem locus. </s> <s>Quid item inquiunt prohiberet lationem fieri per vacuum? </s> <s>quia locus ſi<lb></lb>ne ſuperficie conſiſtit, & in vacuo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diſtantia reperitur. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia quærere licet, an ita di<lb></lb>ſtantia ſit in aëre, vt in ſubiecto; an potius in cęlo. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè in cęlo: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> cęlum idem ad numerum <lb></lb>eſt ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> loca. </s> <s>quae ſi aëre fundatur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non manet, ſed cum aëre ipſo mouetur. </s> <s>Adde item Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> huiuſce diſtantiæ in tractatione loci meminiſſe. </s> <s>Huic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> proprietates loci <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan>. </s> <s>In<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2733"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuper hæc diſtantiæ <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> pertinet ad <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> locum, vt vas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> complecti poſsit: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> illud <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> immo<lb></lb>bile eſt, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> eſt huius diſtantiæ beneficio. </s> <s>Veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deſunt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pro tanto viro dici ve<lb></lb>riſsimè queant. </s> <s>illo primùm animaduerſo, immobile <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> eſſe ad vnum, & quanuis amplectatur <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> locum primo <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> reſpicere naturalem, qui <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> certis affectus eſt qualitatib. <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>corpus cuius eſt <lb></lb>terminus, & prout certum ſpatium notat, vnde in hoc mundo vires ſingulis per lumen & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>à cęlo <expan abbr="cõicantur">conicantur</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde, quod <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, in loco formale, id eſſe à quo proximè <expan abbr="cõſtituitur">conſtituitur</expan> eſſentia loci, <lb></lb>non quae eſſentiam <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan> vniuerſam; ſed cùm duæ ſint eſſentiæ partes; altera <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> per genus ex<lb></lb>plicatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quidem eſt materia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> per differentiam, ea verò eſt forma, quae immutabilitas <lb></lb>& diſtantia pertineat ad eam eſſentiæ partem, quæ forma eſt, vnde eſſentia proximè conſtituitur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> his hoc modo poſitis facile eſt diluere <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> iſtas obiectiones, cùm aut <expan abbr="accipiãt">accipiant</expan> ea quæ inſunt <lb></lb>in loco <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> accepto, aut aſſumant <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> falſa. </s> <s>patebit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id explorando ſingulas. </s> <s>ac <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> vbi ſta<lb></lb>tuitur locum eſſe de eorum <expan abbr="gñe">genere</expan> quæ ſic viciſsim reſpiciunt: fateor <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan>. </s> <s>eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> conſiſtit illius <lb></lb>capacitate & ambitu, quod eſt in loco, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cęteroqui non differat à ſuperficie. </s> <s>At inquiunt ad ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ſe viciſsim <expan abbr="reſpiciũt">reſpiciunt</expan>, non eſſe per ſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> concedo: ſed aio non eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2734"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad talem ſuperficiem, verùm eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> vbi quod ſignificat talem <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> corporis mobilis, & eſt <lb></lb>terminus ſpatij, ſuper quo fit motus, aut forma, hîc terminus eſt ſpatij, quatenus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tum: & ideò p <lb></lb>accidens eſt motus ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, quatenus <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan>, & locus <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> acceptus. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſuperficies eſſet <lb></lb>accidens, <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> ſpectat ad id quod nos in <expan abbr="cõfirmationem">confirmationem</expan> attulimus, accepto eo quod eſt forma<lb></lb>liter, vt conſtituit vniuerſam <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, <expan abbr="cõuinceret">conuinceret</expan> <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>: at nos id dicimus eſſe <expan abbr="immobilitatẽ">immobilitatem</expan>, <lb></lb>per quod proximè conſtituitur eſſentiæ quædam pars, cui nihil obſtat eſſe <expan abbr="vltimã">vltimam</expan> quę forma eſt, <lb></lb>& per differentiam explicatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò ita eſt accipiendus locus naturalis, vt ſola ſuperficie <expan abbr="cõ-tentus">con<lb></lb>tentus</expan> ſit, ſed eſt ſemper aut ſuperior, aut inferior: id quod à ſpatio ſumitur, quod in vniuerſo <expan abbr="cõ-tinetur">con<lb></lb>tinetur</expan> intra terminos mundi <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, & cęlum: ideò quia termini illius <expan abbr="manẽt">manent</expan> immobiles, immo<lb></lb>bilis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſt locus naturalis, & quod manet in loco, ſemper manet ſuper aliquo firmo, & ſtabili, in <lb></lb>quo propriè <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> eſſe, vt in loco. </s> <s>ita vt propriè turris humi ſit in qua manet, & qua nititur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>in aëre: & ab eo ſuper quo manet, immobilitatis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pertinet ad <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan>, potiſsimè ſumenda eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò aſſumit diſtantiam hanc in vacuo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſiſtere, poſſet fortaſſe concedi, manere q<lb></lb>dem illam <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dimenſio ſolùm eſt, at diſtantia naturalis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> loci forma eſt, & continet facul<lb></lb>tate terminos eius motus qui fit <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> locum, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> manet ſine materia, & certa participatione qua <pb pagenum="442"></pb>litatum ſenſilium <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> deducuntur à cęlo: <expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> eiuſmodi interuallum duobus terminis inni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2735"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tens, circunferentia .ſ. </s> <s>& centro, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiecto fundatur corporib. naturalib. quæ ſpatium hoc im<lb></lb>plent: ita <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vt eadem diſtantia <expan abbr="conſeruet̃">conſeruetur</expan> aſsiduè beneficio <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan>, qui ſemper <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan> ſunt, quaſi <lb></lb>linea <expan abbr="deſcribat̃">deſcribatur</expan> inſtar diametri qua deſignetur proceſſus illius virtutis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> funditur à corpore cæleſti <lb></lb>per interualla pręfinita; verùm ea <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> corpori affixa ſit, in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maneat, <expan abbr="quantũuis">quantunuis</expan> illud corpus <lb></lb>agitetur, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> linea inter duos parietes è regione collocatos: manet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eadem, & <lb></lb>à corpore <expan abbr="intercedẽte">intercedente</expan> recipitur <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>; <expan abbr="q̃uis">quamuis</expan> agiretur corpus illud <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud longè diuerſum <expan abbr="ibidẽ">ibidem</expan> <lb></lb>ſuccedat; & <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="lumẽ">lumen</expan> quod per aërem effunditur, non manet ſine corpore, manet <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſi<lb></lb>ne hoc aëre, <expan abbr="rectaq́">rectaque</expan>. </s> <s>tranſmittitur, ita de loci diſtantia <expan abbr="decernendũ">decernendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> verò <expan abbr="mẽtionem">mentionem</expan> feciſ<lb></lb>ſe Ariſt. </s> <s>de tali diſtantia, tam falſum eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod <expan abbr="falſiſsimũ">falſiſsimum</expan>: nam pręter ea loca <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nobis indicata <lb></lb>ſupra <expan abbr="fuerũt">fuerunt</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> expreſſa auctoritas in libris Meteor, vbi corpora in vniuerſo certa ſerie diſpo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2736"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuit pro participatione qualitatum quæ ſibi <expan abbr="impertiunt̃">impertiuntur</expan> à cęlo per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> primò, deinceps verò p <lb></lb>lumen. </s> <s>Quòd verò non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> proprietates quas attribuit loco <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> opinio, illi quem pro D. Thoma <lb></lb>defendimus; <expan abbr="cõueniant">conueniant</expan>; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eę ſint loci <expan abbr="cõius">conius</expan> accepti, noſter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hic ſit ſolùm naturalis; & fatemur; <lb></lb>& nil prætereà refert. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ea conditio <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan> vaſa, negamus; niſi quatenus illa contin<lb></lb>git eſſe in loco, qua corpora ſunt; alio verò pacto <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>: ſiquidem vas non ſuperficies tantum<lb></lb>modo ſit, ſed corpus in quo talis eſt ſuperficies quod eſt alioqui per ſe mobile, ad cuius motum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2737"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, vt ſuperficies illa, locus cęteroqui futura, moueatur. </s> <s>Et licèt Simplicius indicauerit <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <lb></lb>differentiam inter locum & vas; quia .ſ. </s> <s>vas contineat <expan abbr="tm̃">tamen</expan> per internam ſuperficiem; locus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per <lb></lb>totam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diſtantiam; cum <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> hæc ſolutio præſeferat ſuſpicionem <expan abbr="quãdam">quandam</expan> loci illius <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſub <lb></lb><expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> diſtantiæ <expan abbr="cõfutauimus">confutauimus</expan>, ea dimiſſa, noſtra differentia contenti erimus. </s> <s>Nam ſi purgare <expan abbr="velim9">velimus</expan> <lb></lb>Simplicium, huc certè <expan abbr="redeundũ">redeundum</expan> eſt, quò nos ipſi contendimus; vt .ſ. tota diſtantia loci <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> di<lb></lb>catur, quia ſumitur <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan>, quæ in termino poſita eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plures, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duas dimenſiones continet: <lb></lb>vas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad tres <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> protenditur, vt dictum eſt. </s> <s>Ex his efficitur, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> loci <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus <lb></lb>eius qui naturalis eſt, ad vas aptari queat. </s> <s>Siquis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> obiiciariterum D. Thomæ, fore, vt id quod <lb></lb>non mouetur, mutet locum, quia .ſ. </s> <s>mutet diſtantiam, eo ficto, quae cęlum deprimatur. </s> <s>& fore, vt id <lb></lb>quod mouetur <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad laſsitudinem ambulando, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> mutet locum; quia <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> mutet <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan>, <lb></lb>vt ſiquis in naui quę <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, vt duo, contra motum ipſius tantundem moueatur. </s> <s>& quod nos in <lb></lb>Arno flumine quotidie cernimus, dum conto genus illud onerariæ nauis adigitur, quod ſcaphe <lb></lb>vulgò nominatur: Nam rem ex loco mouetur; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſub eodem vertice manet; ſciat vel hæc per acci<lb></lb>dens conſequi; vel falsò reputari motum ad locum. </s> <s>Etenim ſi cęlum deprimatur: erit quidem illa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2738"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutatio; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundum vbi: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> talis poteſtas re mobili per ſe fundatur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> loco; ſed <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>habitudinem in vicinia .ſ. </s> <s>& longinquitate, quę in altero inhæret. </s> <s>alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> erit motus, & per ſe, ad <lb></lb>ſpatium illud, ſuper quo mouetur. </s> <s>& mutabitur ab adigente ſcaphen locus per accidens ex eo, quae <lb></lb>nauis ipſa conto adacta mutat locum, quia remex, dum conto impellit qui figitur in fundo, ſub<lb></lb>ſultat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> interim ſub pedib. promouet nauis. </s> <s>Reddiderunt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> cauſſam Scoti ſectatores, <lb></lb>cur locus immobilis eſſe ponatur, ob id planè, quia maneat ſuperficies tantundem valens, ſi non <lb></lb>penitus eadem. </s> <s>Et hęc cauſſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> accipi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſi modo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vniuerſam ſuperficiem mutari fatean<lb></lb>tur: quippe quae ex parte ſpatij ſuper quo primo fit motus, quies neceſſariò requiratur; nec <expan abbr="vllũ">vllum</expan> in<lb></lb>commodum inde conſequetur. </s> <s>Nam quod dicitur, fore, vt, ſiquis varias aëris, aut aquæ partes <lb></lb>mutet, ſit etiam in eodem loco, falſum eſſe conſtat. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mutauit ſpatij partem ſuper qua mane<lb></lb>re debet immobile id quod eſt in loco. </s> <s>Proinde nauis, licèt idem valere videantur ſuperficies di<lb></lb>uerſæ, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> idem valent. </s> <s>quia totæ mutantur; in flumine <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mutat locum, & eſt in loco in<lb></lb>definito, & eo qui eſt poteſtate tantùm: id quod non euenit illi, quod eſt in vaſe, Quapropter id <lb></lb>quod eſt in vaſe, ab eo differet quod eſt in loco; quia quod eſt in loco, manet prorſus; id quod eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2739"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in vaſe, <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> moueri: rurſus, à vaſe diſtinguetur, quoniam vas mutat locum per ſe: quod eſt in va<lb></lb>ſe mouetur ad motum vaſis. </s> <s>Aequantur verò multæ illæ ſuperficies quas immutari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex toto di<lb></lb>ximus, & prima ſyncategorematicè. </s> <s>& vnum ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem ad numerum, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> nauis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> reſarcita fuerit. </s> <s>Ex his igitur concludimus non vnam <expan abbr="ſimplicemq́">ſimplicemque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam eſſe immobili<lb></lb>tatis in loco: ſed plures & plurib. modis, eas <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> præcipuas, vnam quidem in loco <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> ſumpto, <lb></lb>per quam ſeparatur à vaſe; quia vas mouetur: locus manet immobilis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram in loco natu<lb></lb>rali, quæ petitur à diſtantia cęli, quemadmodum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cenſuit D. Thomas illa <expan abbr="cõmuniſsima">communiſsima</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> motus, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ait Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> formæ & affectiones, & locus in <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, immobilia ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2740"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quid <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad primam obiectionem dicere debeamus, facilè apparet: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimpliciter immutatur <lb></lb>ſuperficies, terra permanente in qua nititur arbor, aut turris. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> locus, quanuis immobilis, per<lb></lb>tineat ad <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, eo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt nob. </s> <s>quo docuimus alibi generatim immobi<lb></lb>lia poſſe in hac methodo tractari, quę .ſ. </s> <s>aliqua ex parte reſpicerent <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: vel, vt efficientia <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <lb></lb>vel vt eiuſdem termini, ſicuti centrum & poli. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de loco. </s> <s>communi generatim dicta ſuffi<lb></lb>ciant, alibi de loco proprio corporum naturalium, ſiqua ſuperſunt propria, dicturis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2732"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2733"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2734"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2735"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2736"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 16 42. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Meteor. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2737"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2738"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2739"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2740"></margin.target>b 11. Met. <lb></lb>T. 10.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS LIBRI QVARTI. <pb pagenum="443"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2741"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2741"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI <lb></lb>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s></s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV <lb></lb>LIBER QVINTVS.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2742"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2742"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE LATIONE RECTA SPECIATIM.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ via tenenda ſit in explicandis elementorum motibus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAE generatim ad motum naturalem & illius initià pertinent, hacte<lb></lb>nus ex poſita fuerunt, & explicatum, vt materia & efficiens primùm, <lb></lb>deinde forma & finis producerent <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: vbi multa de loco dicta ſunt, <lb></lb>quia non modica pars ſit eius methodi quæ verſatur in tractatione <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>Sequitur nunc, vt <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> motus elementa ſpeciatim perqui<lb></lb>rantur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>ſatis eſt noſſe cauſſas rerum generales, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad ſin<lb></lb>gularia deſcendere oportet, vt iis quæ generatim tradita ſunt, ad ſin<lb></lb>gula contractis, plena ſenſilium rerum notitia comparetur. </s> <s>Quoniam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2743"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò quę mouentur, aut æterna ſunt, aut caduca, nobis verò notiora <lb></lb>hæc: illa, quae ſe extulere ſublimius, obſcura; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt earum <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt <lb></lb>alterius generis auxilio cadant ſub mentem noſtram; ante alia tracta<lb></lb>tionem eorum motuum aggrediemur, qui ſunt rerum caducorum, quæ cum ex materia quæ ſimpli<lb></lb>citer eſt poteſtate, conſtituta ſint, omne motionum genus excepta conuerſione ſuſcipiunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea <lb></lb>duntaxat ęternorum propria eſt; & lationem & ortum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> interitum & incrementum ac <expan abbr="decremẽ-tum">decremen<lb></lb>tum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterationem, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cùm latio prima ſit quae ab aliis omnib. flagitetur, & ſit item rerum quæ <lb></lb>iam perfectę ſint: quia tametſi mouentur elementa potiſsimum, cùm gignuntur: at nulla pars eſt eo<lb></lb>rum motus cui non ſupponatur iam aliquid in actu, & vt ita dixerim genitum: vnde etiam veluti vi<lb></lb>ta quædam exiſtimatus eſt ineſſe natura ſubſiſtentibus omnib. Huc accedit, quod nullus propemo<lb></lb>dum ex Antiquis de motu meminit, quin ageret de latione, & conaretur è ſuis placitis initia motus <lb></lb>& quietis elementorum aſsignare. </s> <s>& quidem hic ob efficacitatem ſuam maximè tentare potuit ani<lb></lb>mum noſtrum, nos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de latione caducorum in primis ex inſtituto diſſeremus. </s> <s><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> verò à natura ſpa<lb></lb>tij concluſimus aliàs eſſe rectam: quæ .ſ. </s> <s>ſuper diametro fieret, quæ ab vniuerſi centro ad ipſius extre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2744"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mum duceretur: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>duo naturalium motum terminos eſſe docuimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illos quidem immobi<lb></lb>les, ad quorum alterum, quod eſt centrum, grauia ſecundùm naturam ferrentur; ad alterum verò ni<lb></lb>mirum ad circumferentiam, leuia in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſecundùm naturam manerent: <expan abbr="centrumq́">centrumque</expan>. </s> <s>omnino immo<lb></lb>bile, circum ferentiam <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mobilem ſanè, verùm eodem modo ſemper ſe habentem: prætereà decre<lb></lb>tum à nobis olim fuit, quempiam eſſe motum naturalem cuius item cauſſæ præcipuè ſint exquiren<lb></lb>dę. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> firmiſsima & prorſus irrefragabilia ſunt: quippe <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> & ſenſus concor<lb></lb>diter; quorum vis <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> in philoſophia naturali maxima ad <expan abbr="perſuadendũ">perſuadendum</expan> eſt, atteſtentur: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="potiusq̃">potiusquae</expan> <lb></lb>demonſtrata, cenſebuntur eſſe accepta, niſi prius varias cauſſas quietis & motus in corpore naturali <lb></lb>ex Antiquorum placitis afferamus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> acerrimè confutemus: etenim magnam vim ad perſuaden<lb></lb>dum <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> eruditionis exiſtimatio, quæ maxima in ipſis de rerum principiis fuiſſe creditur, quae illarum <lb></lb>ortui viciniores fuerint: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illi <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> cauſſam præterquàm naturam ipſam, motus & quie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2745"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis approbarunt: aut quietem è naturæ ſcena ſuſtulerunt. </s> <s>nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem permanere diutius aſſeuerabat <lb></lb>Heraclitus, vt non eundem eſſe opinaretur equum tranantem flumen, dum ingrederetur, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <lb></lb>egreſſus eſſet, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> rurſus conſtantiſsimè defenderunt terram perpetuo motu cieri. </s> <s>multa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> alia de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2746"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loco ignis & terræ <expan abbr="cõmenti">commenti</expan> ſunt quæ ni ſedulò <expan abbr="retractẽtur">retractentur</expan> à nobis, huiuſce philoſophiæ ſtudioſum <lb></lb>vera prorſus intelligentia motus excludant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nos à ſapientiſsimo præceptore moniti, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> veri<lb></lb>tatis exploratiſsimæ ſtatuentes ea quæ monſtrat ſenſus, & ſuadet vſus ipſe, qui rerum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> magi <pb pagenum="444"></pb>ſter optimus eſt. </s> <s>ab his de <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="motuumq́">motuumque</expan>. </s> <s>naturalium cauſsis iudicium ferre conabimur, & ad ſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2747"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus trutinam vniuerſa reuocantes, inanes antiquorum opiniones irritas faciemus: quam viam, quia <lb></lb>non tenuerunt ipſi, non ſemel ab Ariſt. </s> <s>vehementer reprehenſi, <expan abbr="errorumq́">errorumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="grauiſsimorũ">grauiſsimorum</expan> notati de<lb></lb>prehenduntur. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> explorabimus ea quæ de terra profeſsi fuerunt; inde non ſine ratione <lb></lb>ducto noſtræ diſputationis exordio; quandoquidem & ipſa nobis eſt in proximo, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> momentum ad <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> propemodum motus, aut ſaltem talis eſſe exiſtimatur, ſiue per ſeipſam, ſiue <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> merito centri, cùm inſeruiat complurib. animalium motib. & ſit veluti fundamen & <expan abbr="firmamentũ">firmamentum</expan> <lb></lb>quo nitentes aſsiduè rotentur orbes cęleſtes: ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> finiat motus elementorum mediorum, vt niſi <lb></lb>quies terræ conſtituatur, difficilè <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de cęterorum corporum quiete quicquam decerni poſsit, prope<lb></lb>rantib. illis ſemper ad terræ contactum vno igni excepto. </s> <s>Quinimmo nec vllus fortaſſe motus ina<lb></lb>nimorum ſine illius quiete <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> exerceri: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouetur, ſuper aliquo immobili moueatur opor<lb></lb>tet, atquia. </s> <s>nil habent elementa intra ſe ſuper quo nitantur, extrinſeco innituntur; hoc verò eſt ani<lb></lb>matum, ſiue cęlum, ſiue aliud animal è noſtratib. ea verò terra quę prorſus eſt immobilis, aut inni<lb></lb>tuntur, aut inniti videntur. </s> <s>quamobrem & eius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſpeculatio non minimam partem explet me<lb></lb>thodi naturalis. </s> <s>Nos igitur cum Ariſt. </s> <s>& eam immobilem eſſe defendemus, & in medio <expan abbr="ſitã">ſitam</expan>, in quo <lb></lb>manent grauia ſecundùm naturam, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam illam eſſe grauiſsimam, non ab vllo certè alio <lb></lb>principio, præter quam à ſua ipſius propria natura <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtantia, illò propenſionem habentem, ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2748"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnquam illi contigerit extra ſuum locum eſſe, quanquam id non magis fieri poſsit, quam id quod <lb></lb>cecinit vates ille diuinus: hoc autem eſt. </s> <s>Iouem rapi in terram. </s> <s>ſed veniamus ad rem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2743"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2744"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2745"></margin.target>a.1 Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2746"></margin.target>b Plato <lb></lb>Cratylo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2747"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2748"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Antiquorum <expan abbr="Iuniorumq́ue">Iuniorumque</expan> ſententiæ de loco, & motu terræ recitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANQVAM de terra tria præcipuè quæri ſolent: quis eius locus, vtrum'ne moueatur ali<lb></lb>quo pacto, an'ne maneat prorſus immobilis: & quæ'nam eius figura. </s> <s>quia tamen noſtrum con<lb></lb>ſilium eſt quærere cauſſas motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alias proprietates attingere, niſi quatenus habeant <expan abbr="affinitatẽ">affinitatem</expan> <lb></lb>quandam cum motu: nos primas illas quęſtiones ſedulò agitabimus: de tertia tantum dicemus, <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> ipſa conducet ad notitiam motus, alibi de figuris elementorum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> complura dicturi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> <lb></lb>vt veniamus ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, Variæ <expan abbr="ſnĩæ">ſninæ</expan> circumferebantur ætate Ariſt. </s> <s>de loco terræ, cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mundus, ſiue <lb></lb>totum cęlum à quibuſdam philoſophis poneretur finitum: ab aliis infinitum, <expan abbr="quẽadmodum">quenadmodum</expan> ij qui <lb></lb>philoſophiam profitebantur in illo Italiæ tractatu qui deinde magna Græcia nuncupatus eſt: ſunt <lb></lb>verò Pythagoræi, Xenophanes item Colophonius. </s> <s>Ii, qui mundum & cęlum certis quibus termi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2749"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nis contineri putant, medium locum terræ aſsignant: quia .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> videatur æqualiter à cęlo diſta<lb></lb>re: inter eos verò qui nullos mundi norunt fines, Pythagoræi tribuunt medium locum igni (vt me<lb></lb>dium poteſt in infinito deſignari) <expan abbr="terramq́">terramque</expan>. </s> <s>faciunt vnum ex aſtris, <expan abbr="illiq́">illique</expan>. </s> <s>oppoſitam antichthona <expan abbr="cõ-miniſcuntur">con<lb></lb>miniſcuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm enimuerò terram ipſam conuerti circùm medium, hoc eſt circùm ignem; & ita <lb></lb>modo ſolem nobis occultare, aliàs aperire: ſic noctem <expan abbr="diemq́">diemque</expan>. </s> <s>facere. </s> <s>Non eſſe verò terram in me<lb></lb>dio perſuadere conati ſunt ratione quadam quæ non ducitur, ex phænomenis ſed ex <expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> quæ ſæ<lb></lb>pe nos fallunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> repugnant, cùm ad verum, vt inquit poëta, ventum eſt. </s> <s>Honeſtiſsimo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan> ho<lb></lb>neſtiſsimam regionem eſſe <expan abbr="tribuendã">tribuendam</expan>. </s> <s>At media regio honeſtiſsima eſt, ignis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> honeſtiſsimus, terra <lb></lb>minimè. </s> <s>Ergo medius locus igni, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> terræ tribuatur oportet. </s> <s>Medium verò locum eſſe <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic probant; quia terminus eſt præſtantior illis viis, quæ <expan abbr="perducũt">perducunt</expan> ad ipſum; at medium terminus eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus principaliſsimum, inquiunt, maximè conſeruandum eſſet, ſed maximè ſeruari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in medio. <lb></lb></s> <s>igitur principaliſsimo conuenit locus medius; hic verò eſt ignis, proptereà locum illum medium ap<lb></lb>pellant carcerem, ſeu cuſtodiam Iouis, fuit ergo hęc Pythagoræorum opinio: quanquam etiam legi<lb></lb>mus Platonem iam ſenem factum exiſtimaſſe terram in alia regione conſtituram, mediam verò & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2750"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principaliſsimam meliori cuidam eſſe tribuendam: nec abhorret à veriſimili, Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vſum ea fi<lb></lb>gura, quam Demetrius <foreign lang="grc">ἐσχηματισμὲνον</foreign>, ideſt, figuratum appellat, Platonem ſub <expan abbr="Pythagoræorũ">Pythagoræorum</expan> per <lb></lb>ſona notaſſe. </s> <s>Quemadmodum verò terra moueretur: an'ne, quia circùm <expan abbr="eũdem">eundem</expan> axem rotaretur, <lb></lb>vti nos cęlum ſuper mundi polis volui perſpicimus. </s> <s>an'ne potius quia circulum tota deſcriberet, vt <lb></lb>quia locum circum orbem <expan abbr="quẽdam">quendam</expan> tota mutaret, quod ad Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic expoſitum eſt moueri <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2751"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſterius hoc iudicio meo retinendum, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſam <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi oppoſitam antichthona <expan abbr="cõuerti">conuerti</expan> dicunt <lb></lb>circùm medium. </s> <s>At medium apud ipſos occupabatur ab igni, neceſſe erat igitur illam verti circùm <lb></lb>ignis ipſius corpus. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> Plutarchus, dum eorum fabulas de hac ipſa re recenſet monumen<lb></lb>tis litterarum tradidit. </s> <s>At verò præter ipſam terram nonnulli putarunt alia corpora volui <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> me<lb></lb>dium, ex quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> effici dicebant, vt labores lunę frequentiores eſſent, quàm ſolis defectus: inter tot <lb></lb>.n. corpora, quæ circum ignem aſsiduę voluuntur, aliquod non infrequenter occurrere, quod Lunæ <lb></lb>lumen auferret. </s> <s>Quòd ſi obiicias, ea corpora <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conſpici à nobis: <expan abbr="Tũ">Tum</expan> prętereà quia terra, ſi extra me<lb></lb>dium vniuerſi foret facta à diuerſis terrę locis obſeruatione magnitudinis aſtrorum; non <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ap<lb></lb>parerent æqualia, quæ tamen ęqualia conſpicimus <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd <expan abbr="horizõtes">horizontes</expan> æquales <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſent, ſi aut terra ſenſilem magnitudinem obtineret, aut eſſet extra centrum, quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magis à centro <lb></lb>diſtaret, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> plus cęli ſpectaretur; <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> autem ſemper & <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> ſex ſigna ſupra terram ob <pb pagenum="445"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2752"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeruantur. </s> <s>Ergo & in medio terra, & puncti inſtar obtinet, ſi cum cęlo conferatur. </s> <s>Ad hæc ipſi re<lb></lb>ſpondent: primum quidem illud inde proficiſci, quòd terra inter eiuſmodi corpora <expan abbr="noſtrumq́ue">noſtrumque</expan> <lb></lb>adſpectum interueniens, illa obſtruit & occultat. </s> <s>Alia verò, quòd cùm intercedat ſiue poſita fue<lb></lb>rit in centro mundi, ſiue etiam extra centrum, vnius ſemidiametri ſpatium, quoniam hoc breue <lb></lb>eſt, non efficit inſignem aliquam differentiam, aut omnino ſenſilem in adſpectu partium cœli, <lb></lb>nam ſicuti ſi eſſemus in centro terræ, <expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> collocaretur in medio mundi, non appareret aliqua <lb></lb>ſenſilis differentia magnitudinis in aſtris, neque in ſpatio, quod inter horizontas intercipitur, ſic <lb></lb>neque nunc, quando terræ ipſius ſemidiameter aut parum, aut prorſus nihil adſpectum illum <lb></lb>variare poteſt. </s> <s>Timæus illi quidem attribuit locum in medio mundi, ſed tamen ibi circùm po<lb></lb>lum, ſuper quo voluitur vniuerſum, eam circumuerti putauit. </s> <s>Cæterùm alij quoque manifeſtè <lb></lb>terram moueri circulo teſtati ſunt: nanque & Niceas quidam Syracuſius, auctore Theophraſto, <lb></lb>defendit moueri terram <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & aſtra munere, eadem quoque Platonem in Timæo dicere quidam ar<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2753"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bitrantur, ſed paulo obſcurius. </s> <s>Strabo item conſimiliter præter terram rem vllam in mundo <lb></lb>moueri negauit. </s> <s>quam etiam opinionem Aſtronomi quidam exornarunt, vt apparentium in cœ<lb></lb>lo quoque omnium ex motu ſolius terræ rationes reddiderint, velut Heraclides Ponticus Alexan<lb></lb>dro <expan abbr="Simplicioq́ue">Simplicioque</expan> auctoribus, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & Ariſtarchus quidam Mathematicus auctore Marco Tullio, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2754"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2755"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quos item Copernicus inter iuniores ſectatus eſt, vt niſi tanto impetu res ipſa noſtros ſenſus pul<lb></lb>ſaret, & tanta euidentia tale expugnaret commentum, ab apparentibus ipſis nulla profecto via <lb></lb>ſuppeditaret qua de terræ quiete <expan abbr="perpetuaq́ue">perpetuaque</expan> ſtabilitate iudicium ferre poſſumus. </s> <s>Ex quo con<lb></lb>cludimus, ipſam eorum opinione fore per ſe mobilem. </s> <s>Alexander autem multò veriſimilius <lb></lb>quanuis & ipſe falsò, qui terram moueri crediderit à cœlo per motum diurnum quem non ad <lb></lb>montium vſque cacumina ſolùm pertinere, vt res eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> autumauit; ſed à cœlo ad centrum vſque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2756"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mundi communicari, quia fortaſſe legiſſet apud Ariſtotelem <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hîc excitari motu cælorum, neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2757"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de altera caloris cauſſa quæ lumen eſt (ab hoc enim calor apud nos in hac infima ſede mundi pro<lb></lb>pagatur) ibidem mentionem fecerit. </s> <s>Eidem quoque ſententiæ ſubſcripſit Diuus Thomas, im<lb></lb>mo cenſuit, eum motum eſſe cauſſam æſtus, id, quod etiam viri ſapientiſsimi atque amici noſtri <lb></lb>ętate hac profeſsi fuerunt. </s> <s>quin & ab eius motu proficiſci phęnomenon illud de trepidatione. </s> <s>hic <lb></lb>verò motus fit ſuper principiis Arietis & Librę nonæ ſphęrę tanquam polo. </s> <s>nanque principia A<lb></lb>rietis & Libræ octauę ſphęrę circùm initia Arietis & Libræ nonæ ſphæræ deſcribunt circulos quoſ<lb></lb>dam paruos, quorum ſemidiametri continent circiter 9. gradus. </s> <s>quia tantum diſtant initia Arie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2758"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis & Libræ octauæ ſphęrę ab initiis Arietis & Libræ nonæ ſphæræ. </s> <s>ex hoc motu principiorum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Arietis & Libræ octauæ ſphęrę circum principia Arietis & Librę nonę ſphæræ ſequitur nullum a<lb></lb>liud punctum orbis octaui circulum abſoluere, ſed nunc à Septentrione verſus ortum, mox in <lb></lb>Septentrionem verſus occaſum recurrere in annis VII. M. & ſic quodammodo titubare. </s> <s>Ac ſi <lb></lb>circuli illi parui in 360. partes diuidantur in 20. annis vnus ferè gradus abſoluetur, & ſingulis mi<lb></lb>nus quàm tria prima. </s> <s>Addita quoque ratio eſt ad eam poſitionem confirmandam ab experientia <lb></lb>ducta. </s> <s>Videmus enim magis in dies ad occaſum terram ſub Oceano mergi, & ad Orientem emer<lb></lb>gere tantundem ex aquis. </s> <s>Id autem ex columnis ab Hercule poſitis tanquam imperij ſui, ſeu mun<lb></lb>di finibus in vtraque plaga conſtare perſpicuè: nam quæ fuerant ad occaſum erectæ per magnum <lb></lb><expan abbr="multorumq́ue">multorumque</expan> ſtadiorum ſpatium intra mare Oceanum hac tempeſtate deprehenduntur. </s> <s>eę verò, <lb></lb>quæ collocatæ fuerant ad ortum per multorum millium paſſuum interuallum intra continentem <lb></lb>obſeruantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2749"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2750"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2751"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2752"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2753"></margin.target>a M. Tull. <lb></lb></s> <s>Academ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2754"></margin.target>b 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2755"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2756"></margin.target>c 1. Meteo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2757"></margin.target>d 1. Meteo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2758"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Veterum opiniones recenſentur de cauſſa cur terra quieſcat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2759"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2759"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM ſicut de motu terræ, <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́ue">eiuſdemque</expan> loco varia pronuntiata fuerunt: ita, vim aliqui <lb></lb>magis ſenſuum iudicio ſtantes, quieſcentem illam poſuerint, etiam quietis varias atque adeò <lb></lb>diuerſas cauſſas protulerunt. </s> <s>Nam Xenophanes Calophonius, qui ſtatuebat infinitum, ipſum, <lb></lb>veluti turrim, quæ fundamentis altiſsimè iactis manet immobilis, ſic in infinitum radicibus actis <lb></lb>non poſſe moueri. </s> <s>videtur potius occaſionem dubitandi ſic voluiſſe tollere, quam in cauſſa pro<lb></lb>blematis inuenienda laboraſſe, & vt fieri ſolet, inter multa pauca reſpiciens temere effutiſſe. </s> <s>qua<lb></lb>propter etiam carminibus Empedocleis acerrimè laceratus eſt, quæ recitantur 2. de cęlo: Thales <lb></lb>autem Mileſius, qui omnium rerum initium poſuit aquam, & ipſe cauſſam quieris in terra tri<lb></lb>buit aquæ: in ipſa enim iacere credidit terram. </s> <s>ac veluti corticem natate: nam ſicuti cernimus <lb></lb>ab aëre lignum non ſuſtineri ſuſpenſum, ſed præceps ferri præ medij raritate deorſum; in a<lb></lb>quis autem ſupereminere, quia ſint denſiores, neque mergi. </s> <s>ſic terra per aërem ipſum fertur: <lb></lb>cùm verò peruenerit ad aquas; ibi ſuperſtat: & eodem planè modo quo natantes inſulas ob<lb></lb>ſeruamus; <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Achilles Statius, item & Hipparchus aſtronomi profeſsi ſunt terram manere ſu<arrow.to.target n="marg2760"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpenſam: & cum ea ſententia confirmetur vſibus ſenſuum, debuit etiam notari: nam ſicut in ve <pb pagenum="446"></pb>ſica natat lapis, & manet in lotio ſuſpenſus, ita quoque de tota terra & aqua dicendum eſt; eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2761"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem enim fertur totum & pars. </s> <s>ac ſiquis renitatur experientiæ dicens lapidem attolli ab halitibus <lb></lb>qui ex illo humore naſcuntur, idem quoque videbimus euenire in aquis; etenim ſaxa nihil pon<lb></lb>deris habere <expan abbr="vidẽtur">videntur</expan>; & <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> ægrè attingunt. </s> <s>Sed iſti, mea quidem ſententia, neſciuerunt aquam, <lb></lb>& lotium: quia ſunt humida corpora: ſubire lapideo & facilius ferri in illa ſpatia, quàm ſaxum, <lb></lb>itaque & ſi minus grauia: quacunque vel leui motiuncula, ſpatium inferius per accidens & non <lb></lb>per ſe occupare: contingit enim hoc fieri in ipſa agitatione; & quatenus humida ſiccis adhærent; <lb></lb>nec ex ordine naturæ, ſed ex neceſsitate materiæ. </s> <s>Neque verò te commoueat, quominus huic no<lb></lb>ſtræ cauſſæ tribuas, quantum conuenit id quod litteris conſignauit Archimedes in eo libro quem <lb></lb>de his ſcripſit, quæ vehuntur in aquis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nam fortè ſuſpiceris ex interno principio corpus aqua graui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2762"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>us in humido enatare; quia minorem ſcilicet grauitatem, in humido multò minus habeat, quàm <lb></lb>extra humidum. </s> <s>Eam demonſtrationem perpendere conſtituimus, ne te ſophiſmate, vel pſeu<lb></lb>dographo poſsit implicare. </s> <s>Docet ipſe ſolidas magnitudines humido grauiores, ſi in humidum <lb></lb>demittantur: eouſque deorſum ferri, donec deſcendant, & mergantur in aquis; in humido verò <lb></lb>tantò leuiores eſſe, quanta eſt grauitas humidi, quod eſt eiuſdem molis, cùm ſolida magnitudine, <lb></lb>quæ grauior illo ponitur, vt ſi fuerit A corpus humido grauius; & illi humidum E æqua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2763"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>le, corpus A. in humido amittit tantum grauitatis, quantum eſt in E; ſibi ſeruat exuperantiam, <lb></lb>vt ſi A. habeat grauitatem BC. B. vt quinque C. vt tria. </s> <s>& in E ſit grauitas B, A ſolùm retinet gra<lb></lb>uitatem C. ex quo tu facilè credes, ſi A. leuius; ergo non feretur ad imum aquæ, ſed in ea ſuſpen<lb></lb>ſum permanebit. </s> <s>Rem ſic ſe habere tali argumento demonſtrat. </s> <s>In primis accipit eas magnitudi<lb></lb>nes, cùm ſint humido grauiores: premere partes humidi, quæ ſub eis ſunt, ad perpendiculum ma<lb></lb>gis, quàm eas quę cum illis in eadem ſuperficie conſiſtunt; atqui partes minus preſſæ, cùm à magis <lb></lb>preſsis expellantur; efficitur, vt deorſum properent. </s> <s>Quòd autem in humido leuior ſit magnitu<lb></lb>do illa, vt diximus, ſic oſtendit. </s> <s>Statuit aliam, magnitudinem D humido leuiorem, cuius gra<lb></lb>uitas ſit B. quinque; necnon alteram molem humidi huic æqualem F quæ ſit tantæ grauitatis, <lb></lb>quantæ eſt A. coniungit grauitates corporum AD. ex vna parte, ex altera autem conſimiliter hu<lb></lb>midorum; extant vtrinque grauitates vt 13. Omnes hæ magnitudines, (inquit) ſi coniiciantur in <lb></lb>humidum; deſcendent; nec aliqua earum pars in aquis extabit; quoniam prement eodem modo <lb></lb>partes, quę ſub eis ſunt. </s> <s>quòd ſi pars minus preſſa à magis preſſa expellitur: hìc autem nulla magis <lb></lb>preſſa eſt: ergo neque deorſum ferri poterit; ſed ſuſpenſa permanebit; & quia magnitudo D. le<lb></lb>uior eſt, quàm A. tantum retrahetur A ſurſum à D. quanta eſt leuitas ipſius. </s> <s>Cùm igitur magni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2764"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tudo D. tanta vi ſurſum feratur, quanta eſt grauitas C. qua humidum F. ęquale is magnitudinis ip<lb></lb>ſi D. ſuperat grauitatem ipſius D. ſequitur, vt eadem grauitate A. feratur in aquis. </s> <s>Sunt enim v<lb></lb>trinque tredecim grauitates: quoniam verò grauitas ipſius A à D. per tria retrahitur ſurſum reſi<lb></lb>duæ ſunt in magnitu dinibus ſolidis grauitates decem, ex his tolle quinque ipſius D. & alteras quin<lb></lb>que ipſius F. reſtant hinc 8. hinc 5. rurſus aufer alias quinque ex ipſo A. & totidem ex E. reſtant <lb></lb>tres tantummodo grauitates ipſius A. per quas feretur in aquis. </s> <s>Ergo (inquies) in aquis imum <lb></lb>non attinget. </s> <s>Primùm dico non tollere hoc, quin perueniat, aliis non obſtantibus, ad imum eo, <lb></lb>quòd de tarditate deſcenſus non de termino, vt ſuſpicari potes, ea demonſtratio probat. </s> <s>Deinde <lb></lb>quòd nos de grauitatis intentione verba facimus, nòn de extentione & pondere, quod ad trutinam <lb></lb>examinatur. </s> <s>hic de extentione & pondere tractat Archimedes, quanquam nec vniuerſè ratio con<lb></lb>cludit, nec ſi vniuersè, niſi more mathematico nulla habita ratione materiæ, cùm materia vires in <lb></lb>noſtra methodo cum primis expendamus: ſiquidem in minimis eorum quæ ſunt aqua grauiora, <lb></lb>non ſequatur propoſitum, quandò reperiri non poſsit pars humidi illi æqualis in qua ſit grauitas: <lb></lb>erit enim minima minor; at in hac nulla alia qualitas ſupereſt, vbi ſeparetur à toto. </s> <s>Et experien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2765"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia monſtrat minima in aquis nullo modo mergi, nedum aliqua grauitate deſcendant. </s> <s>Eſto igi<lb></lb>tur noſtra cauſſa naturalis; & vera ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Anaximenes autem, Anaxagoras, & Democritus <lb></lb>latitudinem terræ tribuunt; <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> cauſſam faciunt manendi, vt puto, etiam in aëre: nanque ta<lb></lb>lem figuram ad quietem magnum habere momentum experientia monſtrat: quando corpora la<lb></lb>tiora vehementius cum minore progreſſu torquentur à ventis: reluctantur enim magis: potes e<lb></lb>tiam addere exemplum ſumptum à corporibus quæ per aquam, ſeu mauis etiam per aërem fe<lb></lb>runtur, deſcendunt enim in aëre tardius & in aqua merguntur difficilius. </s> <s>ratio verò huiuſce euen<lb></lb>ti talis eſt: quoniam corpus hoc, quod eſt latius, multas aëris partes occupat, neque ita facilè <lb></lb>diſiungit, ſed pòtius ſimul comprehendit; ex quo efficitur, vt in vnum collectum ipſum me<lb></lb>dium reſiſtat vehementius. </s> <s>ita fit, cùm aër non habeat locum, quo transferatur, vt vniuerſus ma<lb></lb>neat immobilis: nec ob id alia per ipſum moueri patiatur. </s> <s>ſic enim in clepſydris aqua ſuſti<lb></lb>netur ab aëre, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> effluere. </s> <s>Aërem verò ſuſtinere maxima pondera, docent nos varia ſigna: vt<lb></lb>puta, quae fœminæ, quoniam veſtes amplas habent, <expan abbr="quæq́">quæque</expan>. </s> <s>multum aëris complectantur, ſæpe ruunt ex<lb></lb>editis locis ſine periculo, quae ab aëre ſuſtinentur, & <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> repertus eſt qui Dędali cuiuſdam inſtar lin <pb pagenum="447"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2766"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teis multis, quę facerent ſinus ampliſsimos, è turri ſine noxa, ſe præcipitauerit, & aues multæ magni <lb></lb>corporis feruntur per aërem, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aureæ laminæ, quantumuis grauiſsimæ, natent in aquis. </s> <s>Plotinus, <lb></lb>& Theon in eo Platoni gratificantes, quae <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam non ſint loca ſuperius, & inferius, partes qui<lb></lb>dem terræ ſic manere voluerunt, quae ſuſtinerentur, ſed ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> conuicti, qui aquam vel aërem <lb></lb>eo munere fungi non poſſe demonſtrauit; ſuſtinendi vim vniuerſo delegarunt. </s> <s>Sed de his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſtea. <lb></lb></s> <s>Legimus & alios, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> Empedocles numeratur; qui vertiginem quietis illius eſſe cauſſam dicant <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan>; quae humidorum natura ſit <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>; vt ſi in gyrum per illa grauius quid agatur, conueniat ad <lb></lb>medium; humidis ſemper ad circunferentiam ſeſe recipientib. inde vortices in medio mari, à quibus <lb></lb>non rarò naues abſorbentur. </s> <s>Ita ergo Empedocles cenſuit ipſam cęli <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan>, quae velocior eſſet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ſit latio terræ, dum fit in orbem, ſuſtinere <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, ne procedat id, quod ita fieri exemplo illuſtriſsimo <lb></lb>potuit ponere nobis ante oculos: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non effluit aqua è cyatho, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> maiore velocitate rotatur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi <lb></lb>ſit infra cyathum: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> terra non prodit è loco illo, quem obtinet in pręſentia: nam ſic motus in <lb></lb>orbem ſua velocitate præuenit deſcenſum aquæ naturalem, quia delata prius eſt ad latera vaſis, & <lb></lb>partes eius inferiores citius ſubierunt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> deſcendere potuerit, (habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tunc infra ſe cyathum conti<lb></lb>nentem, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>lapſum prohibentem) & <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua ab impetu, quem à rotatione contraxit, ad naturam <lb></lb>ſuam reuerſa; naturalem propenſionem exercere queat. </s> <s>Anaximander inter antiquos eam quidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2767"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in medio collocauit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi quietem tribuit, quemadmodum ſenſus oſtendit: ſed cauſſam expoſitu<lb></lb>rus, ſimilitudinem ipſam eſſe pronunciauit; cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in medio maneat, ad extrema ſimiliter ſe habet: <lb></lb>non igitur magis eſt, quo vergat huc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illuc: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimul ad contraria ferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: ideò quia non fer<lb></lb>tur ad contraria loca ſimul, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item huc magis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aliò vergit, in medio manet immobilis. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pla<lb></lb>nè defuit ipſi, vnde ſimilitudinis <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> colligeret; nam ſicuti; ſi animal quoddam eſſet inter eſculen<lb></lb>ta & poculenta paris virtutis, ęquali ſpatio diſtans; & ab illis omnib. ęquè traheretur, non mouere<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> quantum traheretur ab vno, tantundem ab altero retraheretur: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> euenit ip<lb></lb>ſi terræ: ſtabit igitur ea neceſſariò. </s> <s>nec vllo <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> impulſu concutietur. </s> <s>Hæc ergo Antiqui ſcripſiſſe de <lb></lb>cauſſa motus & quietis terræ feruntur. </s> <s>quorum ſingulas opiniones & generatim & ſpeciatim vt <expan abbr="cõ-futemus">con<lb></lb>futemus</expan>, inſtar nunc tempus; quarum tametſi multæ in fatuis numerari queant, & ob id ſine culpa <lb></lb>dimitti: quippe quòd accipiant complura, quæ ſunt à ſenſibus aliena; tamen quemadmodum fe<lb></lb>cit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & approbauit Galenus propter auctoritatem & gloriam profeſſorum, diligenter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2768"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt perpendendæ.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2769"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2760"></margin.target>e Theoph. <lb></lb>4. de hiſt. <lb></lb>c. 40.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2761"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2762"></margin.target>a Lib. 1. <lb></lb>prop. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2763"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2764"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2765"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2766"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2767"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2768"></margin.target>a 1. de e<lb></lb>lem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2769"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De loco terræ contra Pythagoręos. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VENIAT ergo in medium ſententia Pythagoreorum, qui & in infinito, & in eius medio loca<lb></lb>bant ignem: ac terram circùm medium volui dicebant; <expan abbr="pluresq́">pluresque</expan>. </s> <s>terras in vniuerſo <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> pu<lb></lb>tabant. </s> <s>hęc ſanè non obſeruat ab Ariſt. </s> <s>confutata, nimirum <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>euidentem abſurditatem. </s> <s>mirum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>tum <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc ſenſum <expan abbr="rõnemq́">ronnemque</expan>. </s> <s>oppugnant, quæ conſuerunt phœnomena diligenter obſeruare, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> il<lb></lb>lis inſiſtere plurimum, ac per experientiam inuenire <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan>, qua ſanè priuati philoſophi antiquio<lb></lb>res <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ab adeptione veri <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> longè depulſi ſunt. </s> <s>quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſus in terra <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe ſignificat? </s> <s>quis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2770"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non perſpicit ignem à terra ſurſum auolare, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, niſi maxima vi, in latebras terræ detrudi? </s> <s>quis <lb></lb>ſenſus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> obiicit nobis aliam <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> præter <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> ipſam, quam nos incolimus? </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="cõmenti">commenti</expan> genus eui<lb></lb>tare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> illa abſurda, quæ <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> ponentes plures mundos ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> allata ſunt? </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> prope<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2771"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modum ad hoc placitum euertendum accommodari queunt; vt, quae idem globę motus ab vno ad al<lb></lb>terum mundum præter & ſecundùm naturam ſimul futurus ſit. </s> <s>Quæ <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> capit infinitum? </s> <s>quę metho<lb></lb>dus, ad dubiorum explicationem, ea ſumere conſueuit, quę longè magis occulta ſunt? </s> <s>& in hac phi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2772"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loſophia potiſsimè. </s> <s>quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maiore odio inſectatus eſt illud argumentandi genus, quod infertur ex <lb></lb>minus creditis; dicitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ἔλαττον ἄξὶωμα</foreign>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>ita cùm hæc omnia Pythagoreorum fabulas <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> figmenta valenter oppugnent, quæ <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> ſunt in promptu, non eſt admirabile, ſi nihil in ea con<lb></lb>tulerit Ariſt. </s> <s>At cùm rationes quædam ab ipſis allatę ſint, vt confirmarent ſuam, cęteroqui <expan abbr="ridiculã">ridiculam</expan> <lb></lb>opinionem, cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex iiſdem principiis ad aliquot problemata naturalia reſpondere conati fuerint, <lb></lb>necnon diſſoluerint aliquas dubitationes, quę contra illos afferri potuiſſent, quæ cuncta ſolent eſſe <lb></lb>bonæ poſitionis officia: nequis ſimilitudine proceſſus huiuſce deceptus ad oppoſitam problematis <lb></lb>partem defendendam vacillaret, aliqua etiam ad hæc dicere libuit ipſi philoſopho, & cauſſam erro<lb></lb>ris poſteritati monſtrare. </s> <s>Quòd igitur ab illis priore loco dictum eſt: Honeſtiſsimæ rei locum ho<lb></lb>neſtiſsimum conuenire; & quæ ſequuntur. </s> <s>partim verum eſt, partim falſum: nanque illud ſimpli<lb></lb>citer verum, naturam omnia attributa cuique promeritis quæ ab ingenio formæ petuntur, <expan abbr="ſummi-q́ue">ſummi<lb></lb>que</expan> boni participatione dediſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> ea ſunt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> perfectiſsima corpora, quæ propè Deum <lb></lb>ſunt proxime ab his, quæ cęlum attingunt, ſe habentia ad hęc noſtra tanquam formę; rurſus ex or<lb></lb>bibus ipſis cęleſtibus inferiores ſine dubio ſint imperfectiores: vt cum ſuperioribus neque pari velo<lb></lb>citate concitentur, neque luceant ita, neque forſan ſplendorem habeant vniformem. </s> <s>ſic cauſſæ <lb></lb>reddi ſolent, cur macula ſit in Luna, cur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> alieno lumine luceat, & proprium habet, quod ſimile <lb></lb>ſit carbonis candentis. </s> <s>quę ſanè omnia cuiuſdam imperfectionis ſigna exiſtunt. </s> <s>vt ab Auerroë con <pb pagenum="448"></pb>ſtanter aſſeueratum ſit <expan abbr="Lunã">Lunam</expan> inter aſtra ſe habere, quemadmodum terram inter elementa: Quam<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2773"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam de hac re dabitur alius diſſerendi locus. </s> <s>Satis enim eſt hîc nobis, ſi perſuadeamus: naturam <lb></lb>veluti iuſtiſsimum regem vti iuſtitia diſtributiua & quod cuique conuenit æquiſsimè exhibere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et communis ſenſus eſt. </s> <s>Deum, qui omnium rerum perfectiſsimus, <expan abbr="omnibusq́">omnibusque</expan>. </s> <s>numeris & partibus <lb></lb>abſolutiſsimus eſt, ſublime colere <expan abbr="corporaq́ue">corporaque</expan> illa diuiniſsima inhabitare. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt ignem <lb></lb>terra perfectiorem eſſe vtpotè formam: vnde etiam habet efficacitatem ſupra cætera elementa, vt ea <lb></lb>paſcatur, & in ſuam ipſius naturam conuertat, ipſe prætereà cum cœlo voluatur, & quaſi ſit in expu<lb></lb>gnabilis ab alio, ſibi ipſi pręter aliorum morem conſciſcat interitum. </s> <s>At verò quòd medium ſit lo<lb></lb>cus præfectus, & idcirco igni tribuendus, non tetræ; haud certè ſimpliciter concedendum eſt: quan<lb></lb>doquidem medium duplex eſſe ſolet, magnitudinis .ſ. </s> <s>vnde ęqualiter diſtent partes extremæ, ſicut <lb></lb>à centro circunferentia; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> virtutis: vnde .ſ. </s> <s>virtus reliquis partib. optimè commumicetur; cùm cęte<lb></lb>roquin alterum illud intueatur ſolum dimenſionem, & quantitatis ſolius æqualitatem. </s> <s>ſic in ani<lb></lb>mali, verbigratia, <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> magnitudinis eſt vmbilicus: ideò Græcè nomine ſitum exprimente <foreign lang="grc">μεσὺμ<lb></lb>φαλος</foreign> appellatur, à cuius ſimilitudine Græcia Delphos in habitabilis medio poſitam eſſe opinan<lb></lb>tes, eam <foreign lang="grc">ὀμφαλὸς τῆς γῆς</foreign>, ideſt, vmbilicum terræ nuncuparunt. </s> <s>medium verò virtutis eſt cor: ta<lb></lb>metſi magis in ſuperiora & antica quam inferiora, & poſtica perſpicuè vergit. </s> <s>cùm ab ipſo reliquis <lb></lb>corporis noſtri patrib. officia diſtribuantur. </s> <s>Et Plato ipſe medium virtutis appellaret caput, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2774"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omnium locorum in corpore principem arbitratetur, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> non quidem mundi centrum, <lb></lb>medium foret exiſtimandum; ſed aut cęlum ipſum, aut certè D. O. M. vnde tanquam ab vberrimo <lb></lb>fonte cuncta bona largiſsimè effluunt. </s> <s>hoc ergo verè medium eſt, <expan abbr="vereq́">vereque</expan>. </s> <s>honore dignum. </s> <s>medio ve<lb></lb>rò magnitudinis nulla pręſtantia aut honeſtas omnino <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan> videtur: quippe quòd nullam in ſe <lb></lb>habeat principij vim, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> rationem, ſed extremi potius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> pendentis ex alio; proptereà locus hic <lb></lb>honeſtiſsimus non eſt; ille alter eſt. </s> <s>itaque ſi locum ignis cum loco terræ, & medium in quo terra <lb></lb>eſt. (accipimus enim illam eſſe in medio <expan abbr="tantumq́ue">tantumque</expan> rationem diluimus) cum medio in quo ignis <lb></lb>eſt, conferamus: id, in quo manet terra, magnitudinis potius quàm rei <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> eſt, ille verò in quo re<lb></lb>tinetur ignis, eſt rei medium. </s> <s>quoniam virtus omnis inde proficiſci videtur. </s> <s>non igitur, etiam ſi ter<lb></lb>ram eſſe in medio concedatur, id ſequitur, vt in loco honeſtiſsimo futurum ſit aliquod <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>neque enim locus hic, qui magnitudinis eſt, honeſtiſsimus haberi debet; nec ſiquid imperfectum in <lb></lb>tali medio maneat, pro abſurdo reputandum eſt, eſſet ſanè abſurdum, ſi hoc virtutis medium foret, <lb></lb>cuiuſmodi certè non eſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi rurſus obiicias, Principale in medio maximè conſeruari, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>for<lb></lb>taſſe ad magnitudinis medium transferas, quo etiam loco vſum eſſe nouimus Ariſtotelem, vt appro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2775"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>baret cor eſſe princeps membrum in animali: ibi enim maximè diſtat ab omni externo, quod <expan abbr="noxã">noxam</expan> <lb></lb>inferre valeat. </s> <s>neque id penitus neceſſarium; quippe, quod id forte requiratur ab iis, quę extra ſe ha<lb></lb>beant aliquid, vnde lędi poſsint; at cùm extra cœlum extra omnem noxam poſitum ſit, quid opus <lb></lb>eſt vndique à partibus circumuallatum, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> in carcere detineri; quemadmodum & ipſi de illo <lb></lb>ſuo Ioue cecinerunt? </s> <s>Itaque & ipſa natura ſagaciſsima cauit etiam multis aliis machinis ei parti, <lb></lb>quę cùm præſtantiſsima ſit, <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> magnitudinis propter melius obtinere debuit: etenim cordi <lb></lb>pericardion & thoracem oppoſuit, nam facilè ab externis affligi poterat. </s> <s>Potuerunt hæc forſan à <lb></lb>Pythagoręis myſticè ſumi, quo etiam Numam Pompilium, qui Pythagoræus exiſtimatus eſt, atque <lb></lb>habitus, & ob id inſignem diſciplinam auditor Pythagoræ fuiſſe creditur: licet tempora non <expan abbr="cõgrue-rent">congrue<lb></lb>rent</expan>, & inter Romanos Reges maximè pietati vocauit; Veſtæ templum rotundum circum poſuiſſe <lb></lb>ferunt asbeſto, ideſt, inextinguibili igni cuſtodiam, imitatum non quidem terrę figuram, tanquam <lb></lb>ea fuerit rotunda, ſed vniuerſi mundi medium. </s> <s>quanquam hoc ego nimium non contendo. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb>uis autem ex eorum hypotheſib. adhæc aliqua dici poſſent; nihilominus, niſi ſenſus & experientia <lb></lb>monſtrent ea ſic eſſe, quemadmodum accipiuntur ex quibus ſoluunt; non eſt quòd pro certis ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2776"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>beantur; niſi alia forte machina non ſuccurrat qua nobis perſuadeatur oppoſitum: nam ſi id <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> <lb></lb>eueniat, ex pręcepto Platonis ita credendum eo <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> dum ſubueniat quod melius dici poſsit: vt pla<lb></lb>nè in hac quęſtione multa ſuppeditant contra quę ſenſui reſpondent, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> euertunt ex appa<lb></lb>rentib. <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> illi quidem ita feciſſe videntur, quemadmodum ij de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aliquando prædicauit ip<lb></lb>ſe Ariſt. </s> <s>& eſt communis oomnium philoſophantium morbus: vſque ad aliquid quærere, ſed non <lb></lb>quouſque dubitari poſsit: omnibus enim nobis conſuetum eſt non ad rem quęſtionem facere, ſed <lb></lb>ad contraria dicentem: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etenim plerique per ſe ipſos quęrunt quoad non amplius ipſi ſibi contra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2777"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicere queant. </s> <s>quapropter etiam monebamur ibidem bene quęſiturum perproprias in genere in<lb></lb>ſtantias, idoneum eſſe ad inſtandum, hoc autem eſt ex eo, quòd omnes contemplatus ſit differen<lb></lb>tias. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ipſi in ſuis placitis defendendis, & ſoluendis obiectionibus non obſeruarint, pror<lb></lb>ſus contemnendi ſunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2770"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2771"></margin.target>c 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2772"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2773"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2774"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2775"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2776"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2777"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De cauſſis motus terræ aduerſus antiquos. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NVNC de motu terræ contra vniuerſos agamus: nanque & ex hac parte Ariſtoteli cum <lb></lb>multis aliis philoſophis <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aſtronomis conuenit; & quanquam opinio hęc propter cauſſas à <pb pagenum="449"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2778"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nobis antè allatas ſilentio committenda fuerat: non tamen nobis, quibus <expan abbr="Ariſtotelicũ">Ariſtotelicum</expan> ſupercilium <lb></lb>non eſt, ſine aliqua offenſione dimitti poſſe videbatur, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iam multis ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <lb></lb>hæc tempora propenſis. </s> <s>Generatim verò contra hos omnes eadem valent, quæ ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſunt ani<lb></lb>maduerſa contra <expan abbr="Parmenidẽ">Parmenidem</expan>, qui ex hoc, quae <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> non eſſet: <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> tollere nitebatur: ſic & hi qui<lb></lb>bus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> res eſt nunc, multorum cauſſas reddere volunt ex eis ~ ſunt obſcuriſsima. </s> <s>Speciatim verò <lb></lb>hæc ab Ariſt. </s> <s>vſurpata <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eorum conatus infirmant. </s> <s>tùm quae motus ille violentus eſſet, ſi non ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, ſaltem aliqua ex parte. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="vniuſcuiuſq.">vniuſcuiuſque</expan> corporis ſimplicis vnus eſt motus ſimplex ſe<lb></lb>cundùm naturam: quiſquis præter hunc eſt, præter naturam & violentus eſt: at terræ vnicus eſt <lb></lb>motus ſecundum naturam, nimirùm deſcenſus. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem non vniuersè, ſed cùm partes <lb></lb>extra proprium locum aliqua violentia detinentur. </s> <s>ſigno illud eſt, quae & omnes ipſius partes eò fe<lb></lb>runtur, quae ſi violentus ille motus eſt, nec perpetuus igitur. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae is eſt grauium motus, vt fe<lb></lb>rantur ad centrum, & ad medium terræ: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> lata pon<lb></lb>dera ad hanc non æquali diſtantia feruntur, ſed ad ſimi<lb></lb>les angulos: igitur ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> feruntur, quod eſt terræ <lb></lb><expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>E & F. ita moueri perſpicias, vt E. feratur <lb></lb>ad D. <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> diuidens ad æquales angulos lineam GHF <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2779"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò ad L. <expan abbr="parallelã">parallelam</expan> deſcribens FL ipſi ED. ſed & ipſum <lb></lb>F. ita mouetur diuidens ad angulos ęquales <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> <lb></lb>IK. quæ conſimiliter attingat <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> in puncto. </s> <s>ſed vbi ta<lb></lb>lis linea quę tangit <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> in puncto, diuidatur ad <expan abbr="perpen-diculũ">perpen<lb></lb>diculum</expan>: linea diuidens tranſit per <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, ergo & <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> ſe<lb></lb>ſe ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> interſecabunt. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pondera ad angu<lb></lb>los ęqueles ſecent lineam in puncto <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> attingente, li<lb></lb>quet ex arte, quæ ſæpè ſuppeditat ſcientiis, vt aiunt Diale<lb></lb>ctici <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὁτι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>quae ita ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> ſemper erigitur co<lb></lb>lumna ad perpendiculum in ſuperficie terræ. </s> <s>& ponde<lb></lb>ra igitur, & ea quæ in aëre <expan abbr="proiiciũtur">proiiciuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃tumlibet">quatumlibet</expan> illa vis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig3"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à proiiciente impreſſa permaneat, ſemper ad <expan abbr="perpendiculũ">perpendiculum</expan> recidunt: ideò ſecundùm naturam fe<lb></lb>runtur ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ijq́">ijque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="robuſtiſsimĩ">robuſtiſsimi</expan> diſcoboli iudicati, ad <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> pedes diſcus in ſublime ia<lb></lb>ctus recideret: quia tanto maior vis deſideraretur: quò magis eſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> aſcenſus, qui dire<lb></lb>ctò fit, corpori grani, per quam lineam poſteà mouetur, dum ſuaptò natura fertur. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>ædificiorum parietes ad perpendiculum fabricati ad <expan abbr="æquidiſtantiã">æquidiſtantiam</expan> videantur erecti: id ex eo pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2780"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ficiſcitur, quae non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in tam modico interuallo perpendiculorum vicinia ſentiri. </s> <s>nam ſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per M. <lb></lb>paſſ. </s> <s>diſtantiam perpendicula demittantur, quia tam parua eſt hæc <expan abbr="perpendiculorũ">perpendiculorum</expan> diſtantia, ſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> terræ ſemidiametro conferatur: angulus concurſus qui eſt FMH efficitur acutiſsimus: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>fugit adſpectum. </s> <s>Sed re vera ſi puteum effoderes ad <expan abbr="perpendiculũ">perpendiculum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad centrum, parietes eius <lb></lb>ſenſim anguſtarentur, donec in centro mundi concurrentes figuram pyramidis abſoluerent, nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſi turris ad <expan abbr="perpendiculũ">perpendiculum</expan> tantæ celſitudinis extrueretur, <expan abbr="q̃ta">quanta</expan> eſt terræ ſemidiameter: eſſet apud <lb></lb>faſtigium duplo amplius <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> apud fundamenta. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ad perpendiculum con<lb></lb>ſtruentur, paullatim propinquantia pro <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> fundamento in eodem puncto <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> centrum vniuerſi <lb></lb>eſt, planiſsimè <expan abbr="cõuenient">conuenient</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc fortaſſe magis apta ad methodum naturalem, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> repetita ex ma<lb></lb>thematicis, quippe quae naturalis ad mathematicen ex appoſitione ſe habeat. </s> <s>Nam, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> à nobis in <lb></lb>medio terra collocata eſt, & hoc prætereà conſtitutum quod ab Aſtronomis concluſum eſt, & in <lb></lb>methodo naturali fuſius aliàs à nob. </s> <s>eſt exponendum; figuram eius eſſe rotundam corporum gra<lb></lb>uium propenſiones & lationes, non ſanè vi quadam contractas, ſed ingenitas, & natiuas ad angu<lb></lb>los pares <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> & <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> fieri neceſſe eſt ad illam planitiem immobilem, quæ per incidentiæ <expan abbr="cõta-ctum">conta<lb></lb>ctum</expan>, vt aiunt producitur, quemadmodum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fabri, cùm parietum poſituras ſtruere volunt <lb></lb>ad angulos pares horizontib. & finientibus <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan> funiculo alligantes, & dimittentes, vt proprio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2781"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="põdere">pondere</expan> feratur, ad angulos rectos eas explorant; <expan abbr="plũbo">plumbo</expan> deſcendente, & <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> videlicet ipſos <expan abbr="attin-gẽte">attin<lb></lb>gente</expan>, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ad angulos rectos demittatur. </s> <s>Similiter Aſtronomi per <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> <expan abbr="põdiuſcula">pondiuſcula</expan> poſituras <expan abbr="in-ſtrumẽtorum">in<lb></lb>ſtrumentorum</expan> quę ſunt, ad angulos pares horizontib. exquirunt, velut illud quod à ſimilitudine <lb></lb><expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> <foreign lang="grc">Ἀλφα</foreign> vel <foreign lang="grc">Ἀλφάρῖον́</foreign> de quo meminit Theon in Ptolemęum & Euſtr. </s> <s>in Ethicis. </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr="cõper-tum">comper<lb></lb>tum</expan> eſt, quae niſi repercuterentur à ſuperficie terrę, in ipſius centro concurrerent. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> & ea li<lb></lb>nea quę ducit ad centrum, à puncto incidentię fiat ad angulos rectos planitiei ſtantis ad rectam <lb></lb>quę à ponderis latione producitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> poſito terrę globo ſtatuatur pondus quod in ipſam fertur <lb></lb>latione propria directò, facere in ſublimi rectam quidem AB. in ſuperficie verò globi punctum <lb></lb>B, & per B cogitetur planities ſtans ad AB rectam, quę globum attingat, accipiatur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> globi cen<lb></lb>trum C, & BC iungatur; <expan abbr="ducaturq́">ducaturque</expan>. </s> <s>planities per BC. efficiet ſanè <expan abbr="ſectionẽ">ſectionem</expan> in ſuperficie ſphęrę cir<lb></lb>culum: in planitie verò ſtante ad AB. <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan> faciat, nunc in ſphęra circulum BFG, in planitie verò <lb></lb>BD. rectam. </s> <s>Cum verò planities non ſecet ſphęram, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur recta orbem ſecabit. </s> <s>Tanget ergo <lb></lb>DBE recta circulum BCG. Recta igitur eſt CB ad DE. Ducatur iterum per BC altera planities, <pb pagenum="450"></pb>& in ſuperficie <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſphęrę faciat circulum BGH; in planitie verò ſtante ad AB, KBL. rectam, ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2782"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eiſdem certè principiis efficitur, vt CB recta ſit ad KBL. Cùm igitur recta CB duas rectas inter ſe <lb></lb>ſecantes ad angulos in <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> ſectione conſtituat: ergo directo eminet planitiei quæ per ipſas excita<lb></lb>tur: planities verò, quæ tranſit per ipſas, ſtat ad AB. directò <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> eminet planitiei prędictæ. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eodem modo <expan abbr="eidẽ">eidem</expan> eminet AB. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ab eodem puncto <lb></lb>B in <expan abbr="vtramq.">vtramque</expan> partem <expan abbr="ſup̃">ſuper</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> planitie ad angulos pareis <lb></lb>erectæ ſunt ABBC. Idcirco recta eſt ABC. Proptereà niſi <lb></lb>pondus <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt ad B à terrę ſuperficie retorqueret <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb>locum perſequens, ipſum <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> prorſus appeteret. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>re manifeſtum eſt <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> in orbem non moueri <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> recta ſanè <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> quae aſtra non apparerent <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis, ſed maiora minoraúe pro ratione diſtantiæ, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam aut contra ferretur. </s> <s>At non ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam; quia, cùm grauiſsima ſit, <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> perniciſsi<lb></lb>mè deſcenderet. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> corpuſcula quæ in ipſa nituntur, vt <lb></lb>pennæ, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eius aſſequi non poſſent. </s> <s>ideò <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> illa inſi<lb></lb>ſterent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id eſt, quod <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> præter naturam <expan abbr="cõcitare">concitare</expan> poſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2783"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reſiſtit validius terra: nec aliud corpus eſt, in quo <lb></lb>trahens, aut pellens inniti queat. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> abſurda profeſſus <lb></lb>ſit Niceas ille Syracuſius, per ſe ipſum <expan abbr="euidentiſsimũ">euidentiſsimum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig4"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> qui primorib. <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> labiis naturalem philoſophiam deguſtarit: nam ſi cætera quieſcunt, <expan abbr="ſo-laq́">ſo<lb></lb>laque</expan>. </s> <s>terra mouetur, vtiq: & ſingulis dieb. </s> <s>naturalib. neceſſe erit eam volui per ſpatium propè cen<lb></lb>tum ſeptuaginta millium ſtadiorum, vt apparentia ſeruentur, quis ergo fragor? </s> <s>quæ ruinæ? </s> <s>quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> graue pondus, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> per <expan abbr="immẽſum">immenſum</expan> ſpatium in aërem non reſiliat? </s> <s><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tam parua moles aquę, <lb></lb>ſi cum terræ magnitudine comparetur, ad Nili Catadupa, tantos ſtrepitus excitet, vt qui apud lo<lb></lb>ca illa naſcuntur, ſint auditu hebetiſsimo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> agitatio rotæ in piſtrino aquam per aërem in lon<lb></lb>gè minimas partes diſpergat. </s> <s>Ipſa ſeipſam concitabit; ergo erit <expan abbr="aĩata">ainata</expan>. </s> <s>cùm verò talis ſit, eius quo<lb></lb>que partes erunt animatæ, cùm ſint vniuſmodi; id quod ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> receptum fuiſſe compe<lb></lb>rimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃obrem">quamobrem</expan> organicas illas eſſe neceſſe eſt, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam per ſe moueri poſſe: prætereà ſe <lb></lb>ſiſtent: ſe mouebunt ad <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> loci differentias: id ſeipſum mouebit quod non erit actu diſtinctum <lb></lb>in partem per ſe mouentem & in partem per ſe mobilem, quorum nihil fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & ſenſui ſimul <lb></lb>& rationi repugnat. </s> <s><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> partes è ſuo loco per vim abſtrahuntur, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> impediens ſublatum fue<lb></lb>rit; omnes feruntur ad centrum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllum alium motum habent, ac ſi partium aliquam à toto <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2784"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecretam fingamus, ea manere cernatur, quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in gyrum moueri deberet & poſſet, cùm ſit idem <lb></lb>motus totius & partis. </s> <s>Nam quae anima nulla poſsit eſſe elementorum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illa mundi <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Plato <lb></lb>profeſſus eſt, niſi trahatur, vt fecit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad calorem à cęlo partib. ipſius infimis impertitum; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2785"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea ſit organici corporis actus, cùm ab ea nuncupetur animatum, quæ in ſimplicib. corporib. nul<lb></lb>la ſunt, non concedet, opinor, vllus Peripateticus. </s> <s>ſi verò animam acceperis pro eodem: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> calo<lb></lb>rem cęleſtem, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> ipſe cauſſa erit motuum naturalium, quia generans terram deducet ipſam ad <expan abbr="cẽ-trum">cen<lb></lb>trum</expan>, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>trahet ſurſum efficiens <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>. </s> <s>Poterat eos fortaſſe perſuadere, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae ſiue terra ſola <expan abbr="cõuer-">conuer<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2786"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ti ponatur, ſiue <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſimul & cęlum & terra in contrarias volui plagas, ſeu pari, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diſpari ve<lb></lb>locitate concitentur, àſtrorum magnitudines & loca, quæ ſenſib. apparent optimè conſeruari poſ<lb></lb>ſe videantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cogitetur in primis cęlum quieſcens, poli verò ipſius puncta BD. & in ipſis ma<lb></lb>nens circulus ABCD. orbis verò centrum E. & <expan abbr="deſcribat̃">deſcribatur</expan> æquinoctialis AFCM. & <expan abbr="iungat̃">iungatur</expan> AEC. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sectio <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> & ęquinoctialis & eius qui per ipſius polos <expan abbr="trãſit">tranſit</expan>. </s> <s>Sit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terræ circulus maximus in pla<lb></lb>no ipſius ABCD. HKLC. & <expan abbr="excitet̃">excitetur</expan> peræquinoctialem AECM planities, & efficiat ſectionem in <lb></lb>ſuperficie terræ HEL. & <expan abbr="p̃tereà">praetereà</expan> faciat HNL<foreign lang="grc">Ω</foreign>. </s> <s>circulum rectò inſiſtentem ad HKLG. & Sol exi<lb></lb>ſtat in puncto ęquinoctialis A. & AP. ſit <expan abbr="tẽporũ">temporum</expan> 30. AQ verò 60. & AE. 90. AR verò 120. & AS <lb></lb>150. & AC videlicet <expan abbr="tẽporum">temporum</expan> ſemicirculi 180. & deſcribantur per B, & per ſingula puncta P.q. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2787"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>R.S. maximi circuli BPD. BQD. BFD. BRD. BSD. & ducantur plana quæ per ipſa tranſeunt, & fa<lb></lb>ciunt in ſuperficie terræ circulos; illud quidem per BPD. circulum KNOG. & quod per BRD. <expan abbr="cir-culũ">cir<lb></lb>culum</expan> KZ<foreign lang="grc">Ω</foreign>G & prætereà <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> per BSD. <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> KABG. ſint verò partes ortus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad A. occaſus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ ad C. & ABCD. horizonte conſtituta, vt in ſphæra recta ſupra terram. </s> <s>cogitetur AFC. ſemi<lb></lb>circulus ęquinoctialis & quieſcente cęlo <expan abbr="terraq́">terraque</expan>. </s> <s>faciente conuerſiones ad ortum, oculus in <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> <lb></lb>H ſtatuatur, & Sol in ABCD. horizonte. </s> <s>in A puncto apparens, <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> quae in eodem plano ſint tùm <lb></lb>circulus HKLG. tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> circulus ABCD. & <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> igitur H. i. </s> <s>ad ſpectus ſit in T, tranſibit planum <expan abbr="finiẽ-tis">finien<lb></lb>tis</expan> per P. quod tranſit per adſpectum, efficiens circulum KTNG. & circulum BPD. & extabit Sol <lb></lb>ſupra terram ſpatio circunferentiæ PA. quæ temporum eſt 30. horarum verò æquinoctialium 2. <lb></lb>Cùm verò fuerit adſpectus in x. </s> <s>ob eandem rem planum, quod tranſit per adſpectum, tranſibit <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> & apparebit Sol temporib. æquin octialib. ſexaginta circunferentiæ AQ ſupra <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, & ho<lb></lb>ris <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> 4. Vbi verò per K tranſeat adſpectus, erit iterum in <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> F. & extabit Sol 90. tpib. horis <pb pagenum="451"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2788"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> 6. diſtans ab A & in meridiano verſabitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idẽ">Idem</expan> prorſus eueniet in quarta <expan abbr="cõſequente">conſequente</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Planũq́">Planunque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>illud eſt, quae vbi peruenerit H ad L punctum, plantities quæ tranſit per <expan abbr="adſpectũ">adſpectum</expan>, tranſibit per C. So<lb></lb>le .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="tẽporib">temporib</expan>. </s> <s>ſemicirculi diſtante & apparente ad occaſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> noctis aſpicietur: & in <lb></lb>vna propemodum conuerſione dies naturalis erit abſolutus. </s> <s>nec videbitur hæc hypotheſis <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> <lb></lb>oppugnare phęnomena. </s> <s>Quòd ſi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> moueri ponatur, vt in vna die 360. ferè <expan abbr="tẽporib">temporib</expan>. </s> <s>æquino<lb></lb>ctialib. <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> motus <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> axem abſoluantur: ſiquidem eodem verſus & æquali pernicitate <expan abbr="cõci-tentur">conci<lb></lb>tentur</expan>, nulla apparebit <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan> Solis ab ortu in occaſum; ſi verò in <expan abbr="cõtrarias">contrarias</expan> parteis ferantur, <expan abbr="ite-rũ">ite<lb></lb>rum</expan> tueri poterunt ea quæ pertinent ad ortus & occaſus. </s> <s>accidet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex vna terrę <expan abbr="cœliq́">cœlique</expan>. </s> <s>conuerſio<lb></lb>ne duos fieri dies naturaleis, vt ex his perſpicuum erit, quæ ſequentur. </s> <s>Accipiatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terra, quæ ab <lb></lb>occaſu ad ortum moueatur, & <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> pari velocitate ab ortu ad occaſum. </s> <s>nec vlla Solis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> gratia p<lb></lb>ſpicuitatis habeatur. </s> <s>ſint igitur illa in ortu H. A. in occaſu verò L. C. donec igitur quarta terræ <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>conuertitur, quæ eſt H. ad orientem peruenit ad K. tantundem temporis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cęlum, cùm ex quarta <lb></lb>conuerſum fuerit, A. quod eſt in æquinoctiali, feretur ad M. & inter ſe diſtabunt H. A. puncta <expan abbr="tẽ-porib">ten<lb></lb>porib</expan>. 180. <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>ſol occidet habitationi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt in H. <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> peruenerit ad <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> K. & efficiet in vnius <lb></lb>quartę motu <expan abbr="diẽ">diem</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> 12. <expan abbr="horarũ">horarum</expan>, <expan abbr="cõſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> rurſus donec H. <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt in puncto K, pagrato KL <lb></lb>peruenerit ad L, <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> A. cùm peruenerit ad M. permenſo MC. perueniet ad C. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> <lb></lb>AH. reſtituta erunt, & Sol <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan>, peruenerit ad <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> A. exorietur iis, qui ſunt in puncto H. <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2789"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>AH ſint in punctis CL. & in conuerſione ſemicirculi <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> erit diei <expan abbr="tp̃s">temporis</expan> & noctis. </s> <s>Similiter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in al<lb></lb>tero ſemicirculo alterius diei naturalis <expan abbr="tp̃s">temporis</expan> inſumetur, & in vna terræ <expan abbr="cęliq́">cęlique</expan>. </s> <s>conuerſione confecti <lb></lb>erunt dies duo naturales. </s> <s>Quod ſi pari gradu terram <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cęlo volui negaueris, nihilominus <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>in vna die vnicam reſtitutionem fecerint <expan abbr="temporũ">temporum</expan> 360. eadem rurſus in ortib. eueniat & occaſib. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vt ſi ſtatuamus, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> terra fertur, tpa 45. cælum ferri 135. euenerit, dum H. habitatio fuerit in pun<lb></lb>cto C. vt Sol, qui erat in A, peruenerit ad D. <lb></lb>& occidat habitationi H, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt in puncto C. <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> diſceſſerit ab ipſa tpa 180. rurſus donec <lb></lb>terra <expan abbr="cõuertatur">conuertatur</expan>, altera tpa 45. & H. peruene<lb></lb>rit ad C. cùm ſit in puncto K, per tantundem <lb></lb>ſpatij cęlum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conuerſum <expan abbr="tẽpora">tempora</expan> 135. <lb></lb>iterum ferret Solem ad F. & ortus erit habi<lb></lb>tationi H quæ eſt in puncto K. <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="vtriq">vtrique</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus peracti fuerint temporib. 360. & eueniet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2790"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt in vna terrę conuerſione tres ſphæræ con<lb></lb>uerſiones fiant; dies <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naturales quattuor. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in vna die naturali <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="ter-rã">ter<lb></lb>ram</expan> ex quarta fuiſſe conuerſam, quę eſt quarta <lb></lb>conuerſionis vnius; <expan abbr="ſphęrã">ſphęram</expan> verò <expan abbr="tẽpora">tempora</expan> 270. <lb></lb>quæ eſt quarta pars eorum, quæ inculcantur <lb></lb>trib. illis conuerſionib. temporum videlicet <lb></lb>1080. Cæterùm & in eos ſic Ptolemæus inue<lb></lb>hitur, quae tueri quidem poſsint hac ratione il<lb></lb>la quæ in ſtellis inerrantibus apparent. </s> <s>At ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig5"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtellas vagas obſeruent, certè varios earum progreſſus, cùm in longitudine, tum in latitudine & al<lb></lb>titudine, cum iſtis motib. vt defendant, neutiquam expectandum eſt. </s> <s>Quanquam & alia multa re<lb></lb>pugnant, vt corporum agilitas, quæ magis cum rotunda <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eadem æquabili & certa figura con<lb></lb>gruint, quam cum incerta & inæquabili. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd, tametſi dabimus terram vniuerſam æqua<lb></lb>bili, <expan abbr="perniciſsimoq́">perniciſsimoque</expan>. </s> <s>motu concitari ſupra <expan abbr="oĩæ">oinæ</expan> quæ in ipſa ſunt, ſiue animalia ſint, ſeu proiecta, ſeu <lb></lb>volantia, ſed ſyderaúe proſilientia & maximè concitato <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> motuum, quos aſsiduè <lb></lb>perſpicimus, qui ſanè talis eſſet, ſi vnius diei naturalis ſpatio conficeretur, eueniret, vt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ per <lb></lb>ſublime <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, cum aues, tum nebulæ, tum iacula, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſtellæ proſilientes occaſum verſus re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2791"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cederent, & à tergo relinquerentur, & ſic nunquam poſſet oſtendi nubes, quæ tenderet in ortum. <lb></lb></s> <s>terra <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> ob nimiam <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> in parteis orientis <expan abbr="anticipãte">anticipante</expan> per ſucceſsionem ſignorum. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi cęlum vnà <expan abbr="terramq́">terramque</expan>. </s> <s>ſtatuamus in <expan abbr="cõtrarias">contrarias</expan> parteis agi, vt cùm in <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> motu <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan> <expan abbr="elũgatio">elungatio</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽporum">temporum</expan> 360. & motus terræ minuatur, efficietur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terra rurſus pręuentura ſit orientem ver<lb></lb>ſus eis quæ per aëra mouentur, aut ab ipſis contrà relinquenda. </s> <s>ac ſi <expan abbr="anticipet̃">anticipetur</expan>, ea videri minorem <lb></lb>receſſum facere ad ortum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad occaſum, quia putaremus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nos cum terra verſus <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> recedere, <lb></lb>nec ipſa <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> motum aſſequerentur. </s> <s>Dicent illi fortaſſe aërem <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> terra pari velocitate, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>verſus, hoc eſt, in <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> volui, vt ea pellens quæ non progrediuntur in terris, ferat ad ortum. </s> <s>At con<lb></lb>tra conſiſtentiæ repugnant, quæ in aëre <expan abbr="generant̃">generantur</expan> <expan abbr="cometarũ">cometarum</expan>, <expan abbr="inq̃">inquam</expan>, nubium, quæ, cùm ſint aëre craſ<lb></lb>ſiora, & <expan abbr="ipsū">ipsum</expan> ſcindant; ab <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> motu relinqui deberent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt ſerius ad <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> recedere vi<lb></lb>derentur, ad occaſum verò celerius. </s> <s>Nec poſſunt dicere, quia cum aëre <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan> ſint, ea circundu<lb></lb>ci. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> tum non amplius docere poterunt, cur inter ſe ſeparentur, alterumúe alteri præcedat, aut <pb pagenum="452"></pb><expan abbr="ſubſequat̃">ſubſequatur</expan>, aut cur mox in <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan>, aliàs in occaſum ſecedere <expan abbr="videant̃">videantur</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="ppetuò">perpetuo</expan> manentia <expan abbr="cernent̃">cernentur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2792"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Vide mox quid <expan abbr="cõmentus">commentus</expan> fuerit Nicolaus ille Copernicus, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> apparentia <expan abbr="cõſeruaret">conſeruaret</expan>, <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> axem <lb></lb>effinxit, qui obliquè <expan abbr="axẽ">axem</expan> mundi ſecaret, <expan abbr="ſup̃">ſuper</expan> quo terra proprio motu volueretur. </s> <s>Sed & is eiſdem <lb></lb><expan abbr="incõmodis">incommodis</expan> vrgetur. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cauſſam reddere non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cur aliqua vrbs eandem habeat ſemper <lb></lb>latitudinem <expan abbr="altitudinemq́">altitudinemque</expan>. </s> <s>poli, vt Florentia g. 43. 11. Piſæ 43.0. quæ profectò ſi ita ſit, quotidie <lb></lb>variari deberet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>deſcribere poſſet ille locus ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> terræ <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> parallelum circum <expan abbr="polũ">polum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> ad illum propius accederet, aliàs longius ab eo recederet, vt <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> perſpicuum eſt. </s> <s>Iam verò <lb></lb>quod Alexander approbauit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alienum à doctrina Peripatetica? </s> <s>quis <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> nouit <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>vt motus cœleſtis rapiat ſecum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad centrum <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> plenum eſt ſpatium infra <lb></lb><expan abbr="Lunã">Lunam</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vidit ab ipſo <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> fuiſſe impetum cœli conuallium cacumina non tranſgredi, <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>permittere, vt ſtagnet aër <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="conſiſtentiã">conſiſtentiam</expan> nubium? </s> <s>quem <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motum in infima regione hy<lb></lb>peccaumatis ita <expan abbr="lãguidum">languidum</expan> producit, vt cineres ad plures annos in Atho ſuperſint. </s> <s>Quanto ergò im<lb></lb>becillius ad nos perueniet, & quo pacto <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> <expan abbr="longinquiſsimã">longinquiſsimam</expan> & cæteroquin <expan abbr="inertiſsimã">inertiſsimam</expan> poterit <lb></lb>mouere, cùm item multo altius <expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> lenis & parum efficax motio ſit? </s> <s>Quis iſte motus? </s> <s>quot dierum <lb></lb>ſpatio conficitur? </s> <s>ſi velox; cur patitur nos contra orientem ſole per terras, & naues per mare fer<lb></lb>ri, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> validiſsima vi reſiſtit? </s> <s>ſi piger aut <expan abbr="cõtinuus">continuus</expan>, aut interpellatus, & ſi continuus; cur non ſem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2793"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per eodem verſus aquas impellit? </s> <s>ſi interruptus; vnde varietas iſta motíonum? </s> <s>à quónam initio <lb></lb>ducitur? </s> <s>non'ne cauſſa mouens eſt continua? </s> <s>quae ſi impeditur, affer impedimentum. </s> <s>Mitto nunc <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>multò magis ac prius ille motus in aquis excitari deberet <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>maiorem viciniam: terræ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuper<lb></lb>eminent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> habilitatem multò maiorem habent ad motum, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> liquidæ ſint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> abſolutè gra<lb></lb>ues, etenim grauitas aliò <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> deorſum mouenti reſiſtit. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quae <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="quancunq.">quancunque</expan> plagam <lb></lb>terra moueatur, circulo feretur: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motu recto moueri perſpicitur. </s> <s>Cæterùm ſi terra plurib. <lb></lb>motib. <expan abbr="agitat̃">agitatur</expan>, mutationes item, & conuerſiones <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan> fiant neceſſe eſt, id quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> non apparet, <lb></lb>ſed ſemper eadem apud eadem loca ipſius & oriuntur, & occidunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>hic <expan abbr="cõminiſci">comminiſci</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ita <lb></lb>inter ſe aptas eſſe <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan> <expan abbr="terræq́">terræque</expan>. </s> <s>verſiones, vt ipſius motib. <expan abbr="variiſq.">variiſque</expan> poſituris, <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan> imagines ſic <lb></lb>reſpondeant, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in cęlo nunc obſeruantur. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conſtitit apud inſignes aſtronomos <lb></lb>earum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> cauſſam ex terræ quiete facilè reddi poſſe. </s> <s>Adde, ſi libet ei quod maximè, hoc eſt, ve<lb></lb>lociſsimè <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, opponi id quod eſt <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> immobile, ſuper quo nitatur: nam ſine hoc negant Pe<lb></lb>ripatetici motum fieri poſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſufficit ſi immobilitatem centro adſcripſeris, eo quae & illud eſt <lb></lb>locus terræ ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; in eo verò <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> manere oportebit. </s> <s><expan abbr="q́uãuis">quanuis</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nos de principio illo ſuper quo terra, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> immobili nitatur, aliter ſentiamus: attamen apud <lb></lb>eos hanc <expan abbr="rōnẽ">ronnem</expan> pondus habere ſat eſt qui placito illi falsò cæteroqúin aſſentiantur. </s> <s>Aduerſus hæc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2794"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ de motu terræ defendebantur, & illa Aſtronomi adiecerunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſi terra, inquiunt, circulo mo<lb></lb>ueretur; foret vt pars eius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt in aperto, quotidie tegeretur aquis, ita vt <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> nos <lb></lb>in terra figeremus, ab ortu mergeretur in aquis, & contra emergeret ab occaſu, aut ergo terra <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>mouetur, aut <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ipſa neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> voluitur aqua, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm hoc, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eodem motu, & æ<lb></lb>què velociter: quo pacto igitur contrà aquas dabitur motus? </s> <s><expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus ſuperiorum <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſilis eſt in tanta paritate velocitatis? </s> <s>ſenſus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iudicium fert de re diſsimili; atqui ſentitur in <lb></lb>editiſsimis montib. motus aëris diurnus, <expan abbr="cadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> propè velocitas in motu terræ conſtituitur, & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <lb></lb>conſequens, quæ corporum eſt ſuperiorum. </s> <s>Sed hæc plurimum poſſunt apud me, quæ quanuis <lb></lb>ab aliis vſurpata, quia nota nobis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> noſtra <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> habenda ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> ob talis motus perni<lb></lb>citatem, nil eſſet in terra fixum ac permanens, ſed <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, præcipuè, quæ ſublimia ſunt, impetus ille <lb></lb><expan abbr="demoliret̃">demoliretur</expan>. </s> <s>nil poſſet motu terræ <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> moueri? </s> <s>ppter ipſius vim. </s> <s>prætereà, ſiquid altius proiice<lb></lb>retur, ad idem punctum recidere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet, ſed ab eo longè admodum deferretur in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>: oppoſi<lb></lb>tum verò <expan abbr="mõſtrat">monſtrat</expan> experientia, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi in naui, quæ velocius à ventis agatur, aliquis à prora ſaxum <lb></lb>iaciat in ſublime, cadit ad puppim, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> anteuertere naui debuiſſet, quo minus eſt corpus, & <lb></lb>quo propinquius eſt initio talis motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò debuit Alexandrum in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> impellere, quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2795"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>phænomena & ſenſus oppugnaret, vnus ille locus Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic quidem valdè anceps è Meteoro<lb></lb>logia deſumptus, cùm vel aëris motum, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> alicubi teſtari <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> à lumine fieri, vel id, quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> verius <lb></lb>arbitror, quia lumen, quod eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> caloris apud nos, inſequatur motum <expan abbr="cęleſtẽ">cęleſtem</expan>; quippe <lb></lb>quae ex oppoſito motu <expan abbr="planetarũ">planetarum</expan>, qui fit per <expan abbr="Zodiacũ">Zodiacum</expan> adducantur, & <expan abbr="abducant̃">abducantur</expan> planetæ, qui ſecum <lb></lb>lumen afferunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="mutationũ">mutationum</expan> apud nos auctor, ille motus eſſe ab Ariſt. </s> <s>frequentiſsimè <lb></lb>narratur. </s> <s>Niſi velimus intelligi <expan abbr="lumẽ">lumen</expan> moueri dictum opinione <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan>, quj ipſum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan> <lb></lb>autumabant: de qua re poſt ea diſputandum fuit in libris de animalib. qui ordine doctrinæ ſucce<lb></lb>dunt Meteorologicis, ac niſi accederet locus è 12. Met. qui me retrahit ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="expoſitionẽ">expoſitionem</expan>, hæc <lb></lb>mihi planè arrideret. </s> <s>Ad id verò <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, quod Aſtronomi <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <expan abbr="attulerũt">attulerunt</expan>, facilè eſt dicere aliquid <lb></lb>è <expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> fontib. liquidiſsimis hauſtum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>ille motus terræ eſt <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe: <lb></lb><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> aqua manens in terra conſequeretur eius <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. </s> <s>verùm quia definit ibi fieri aqua, <expan abbr="illiq́">illique</expan>. </s> <s>terra; <lb></lb>ſuccedit aut <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan>: cuius rei cauſſas abunde tradidit philoſophus in Meteorologia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2796"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quae de hoc plura dicamus. </s> <s>Quòd verò <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> pacto progreſſum Ariſt. </s> <s>in hac quæſtione poſsit adiu<lb></lb>uare, mox ſubiicere viſum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quęſiuerit hîc fortaſſe <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan>, cur Ariſt. </s> <s>hanc ipſam rem aduer <pb pagenum="453"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2797"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus Antiquos agens & oſtenſurus, terram circulo non moueri, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> confugerit ad <expan abbr="firmã">firmam</expan> illam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>quæ ducitur à motibus, qui fiunt vel ſecundùm, vel præter naturam & 1. de cęlo fuerat vſurpata? <lb></lb></s> <s>An fuerat illa <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> fortaſſe demonſtratiua, <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> ex iis <expan abbr="conſtitueret̃">conſtitueretur</expan> quæ forent nobis obſcura, atque <lb></lb>ab eruditis ſolùm, & qui iam principia ſcientiæ Peripateticæ hauſiſſent, poterant capi: hęc ex nobis <lb></lb>notioribus <expan abbr="proficiſcat̃">proficiſcatur</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> à renitentibus haud facilè negarentur. </s> <s>Non ſanè inſueta eſt Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>talis via, <expan abbr="pluribuſq́">pluribuſque</expan>. </s> <s>locis non ſine magno fructu recepta. </s> <s>Venio nunc ad mare. </s> <s>Si motus etiam <lb></lb>cæli aut planetarum per continuationem æſtus cauſſa eſt, cùm per mundi <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan> fiat ille motus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè à diurno gubernabitur, quoniam hic fit ſecundùm longitudinem: ergo fieret à motu aliquo <lb></lb>planetarum. </s> <s>ſed hic diuturno ſpatio temporis <expan abbr="abſoluit̃">abſoluitur</expan>, & <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> æſtus ſingulis diebus effici poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus qui motus ille terræ eſt qui æſtum producit? </s> <s>An'ne is qui ab ortu ad occaſum? </s> <s>At cur effi<lb></lb>cit æſtum in ea plaga quæ eſt ab auſtro ad aquilonem? </s> <s>cur neque idem facit in fluminibus illis ma<lb></lb>gnis quæ cum mari comparari ſine iniuria poſſunt? </s> <s>Cur ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> latus ex imo medio procedit <lb></lb>teſtus vnà? </s> <s>cur in horis diuerſis, & temporibus variis, hîc frequentius, alibi rarius producitur? </s> <s>& <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>dum eo motu terra <expan abbr="cõcutitur">concutitur</expan>, cùm ipſa ſit corpus continuum, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> etiam eius partes agi ſimul opor<lb></lb>teret, & aquæ itidem motum eſt conſimilem. </s> <s><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> cum terra ipſa mouetur, & quo minor eius moles <lb></lb>eſt, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis diſpergi: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi quiſpiam magnitudini rei motæ <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> ſenſilem tribuat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2798"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in extremis; id fortaſſe <expan abbr="cõcedatur">concedatur</expan> in corporibus ſiccioribus, pro in his continuitas <expan abbr="retinet̃">retinetur</expan>, & altitudo <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> facilè degenerat in alias dimenſiones; at in fluxilibus, cuiuſmodi eſt aqua, continuitas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſerua<lb></lb>tur; immo leui de cauſſa corrumpitur, & magna moles aquæ ſine vllo negocio multum <expan abbr="diffundit̃">diffunditur</expan>, <lb></lb>quae ſi motus ille eſt qui fit in occaſum, & is in ſphęra velocior eſt, quo circuli <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> maiores, cur in me<lb></lb>diterraneo, vbi circuli maiores ſunt, multò maior æſtus non fit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in Oceano? </s> <s>ſi verò motus eſt <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> latitudinem, quis aut vnde hic eſt? </s> <s>oportebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & terram habere <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> talis motus, & <expan abbr="axẽ">axem</expan> <lb></lb>proprium ab axe mundi diuerſum; immò non <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> tantùm. </s> <s>Verùm etiam quo pacto deſcendit æſtus <lb></lb>ab eo motu quem <expan abbr="trepidationẽ">trepidationem</expan> vocant, aut <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> motus hic erit eius euenti & imaginis cauſſa: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb>ſingulis diebus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pluſquàm ſemel æſtus alicubi contingat, vt in Euripo Euboïco teſtabatur Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>imago verò illa poſt <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> ſpatium ſenſilis euadat. </s> <s>nam periodus iſtius motus ex aſtronomorum <lb></lb>ſententia <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> interuallum ſeptem <expan abbr="annotũ">annotum</expan> millium; ita vt ſi parui illi circuli ſecentur in gra<lb></lb>dus trecentos & ſexaginta, viginti <expan abbr="annorũ">annorum</expan> ſpatio ferè gradus vnus abſoluatur. </s> <s>Verùm facito talem <lb></lb>motum ſingulis diebus non abſolui, ſed per temporis tantundem compleri. </s> <s>non ſanè ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> late<lb></lb>ra librationes aquæ pares eſſe futuræ <expan abbr="videbãtur">videbantur</expan>, occupante ſemper aliquid terra de alterutra parte. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2799"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & motus ille corporis cęleſtis potius, quod per ſe mobile eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terræ ab homine ſanè mentis <lb></lb>eſſe cenſebitur. </s> <s>Non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc inſiſto, vt cùm motum eſſe <expan abbr="negẽ">negem</expan>, nec meum <expan abbr="cõſilium">conſilium</expan> eſt in vniuerſa phy<lb></lb>ſiologia, quam <expan abbr="explicandã">explicandam</expan> in hac methodo ſuſcepimus, obſeruationibus aduerſari. </s> <s>Nec quicquam <lb></lb><expan abbr="obſtabũt">obſtabunt</expan> dicta Peripateticorum quibus nulla <expan abbr="mẽtio">mentio</expan> de tali motu facta fuerit, cùm illa ex veterum <lb></lb>aſtronomorum ſententia <expan abbr="pronũciata">pronunciata</expan> ſint, quibus adhuc nil tale <expan abbr="perſpectũ">perſpectum</expan> fuerat, ac ſiquid accura<lb></lb>tius deſiderari poterat, ad præſtantiores in dicendo <expan abbr="relatũ">relatum</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quaſi ſatis Ariſt. </s> <s>foret de numero ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2800"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantiarum mouentium id generatim decernere, totidem illas eſſe, quot forent motus & orbes, vt <lb></lb>ſingulis ſingulæ <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽtes">mouentes</expan> <expan abbr="reſpõderẽt">reſponderent</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> nos perſuadere <expan abbr="debẽt">debent</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> per <lb></lb>ſe eſſe <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poſſe p aquas à cęlo moueri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Trãſeamus">Tranſeamus</expan> <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> ad illa quę de ei? </s> <s>quiete dici <expan abbr="ſolẽt">ſolent</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2778"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2779"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2780"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2781"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2782"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2783"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2784"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2785"></margin.target>a 3. de Ge. <lb></lb>an. c. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2786"></margin.target>b Ex The.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2787"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2788"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2789"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2790"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2791"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2792"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2793"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2794"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2795"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2796"></margin.target>a 1. Meteo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2797"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2798"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2799"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2800"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <figure id="fig3"></figure> <figure id="fig4"></figure> <figure id="fig5"></figure> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aduerſus antiquos de cauſſis quietis terrę. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERGO terram nulli obnoxiam motui <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> affectioni, & ortui fateamur ingenuè, ſed ipſam <lb></lb>in ſuo loco maximam agere quietem. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò cauſſę quietis illæ ſint quas anteà <expan abbr="recẽ-ſuimus">recen<lb></lb>ſuimus</expan> ex antiquorum monumentis, mox ſpectandum eſt. </s> <s>At <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi infinitum natura non patitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2801"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>certiſsimis <expan abbr="rõnibus">rationibus</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>confectum eſt; profectò terra illa Xenophanis Colophonij fuit in <lb></lb>aliquod barathrum non habens vbi radices ſuas infigat. </s> <s>Porrò Thales ſuo ſeipſum gladio iugulat, <lb></lb>facit <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> in eo firmari quod per ſe <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> nequeat, ſed ſi manere <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> oportet, eget adhuc alia ter<lb></lb>ra, aqua <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe ipſam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> manet, ſed innititur terra. </s> <s>Rurſus ea grauium eſt natura, vt quod gra<lb></lb>uius eſt ſubſidat, minus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> graue enatet; ſic aër in aquis ſupereminet. </s> <s>cùm ergo terra grauior ſit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua, tantum abeſt, vt aqua ſubſidat, vt potius aquæ terra ſubiicienda ſit. </s> <s>Prætereà, ſi eadem eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb>totius & partium in vniformibus; ſicut ſuperuenit aquæ terra, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quæuis eius particula ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> enataret: at terræ partes in aqua <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> merguntur: ergo & tota terra: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>non tota ſuſtinetur ab aquis, quemadmodum profeſſus eſt Thales. </s> <s>Facilè verò eſſet vnica ratione, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> acutiſsima confligere cum Anaximandro, Anaxagora, Democrito, & Empedocle: <lb></lb>qui <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> vertigine <expan abbr="cõmotam">commotam</expan> <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> in medio quieſcere putent, vel quae ob pernicitatem motus præuer<lb></lb>tatur, ne poſsit moueri ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt dixit Empedocles, vel <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> præ latitudine vehemen<lb></lb>tius acta, multum aëris intercipiat, quemadmodum reliqui dixere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſtatuunt omnes motum <lb></lb>& quietem in terra præter naturam. </s> <s>At ſi motus eſt præter naturam: ergo & motus ſecundùm na<lb></lb>turam præter quem ille eſt, qui dicitur præter naturam, ſed nullus eorum <expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan> motus eſt ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam: ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illius erit præter naturam. </s> <s>Quòd ſi motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> aut ſecundùm, aut præter <pb pagenum="454"></pb>naturam fuerit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex his motibus vllus eſt: nihil ergo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> moueri. </s> <s>Eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pacto iu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2802"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicium de quiete ferre licèt, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt, aut præter naturam: ac ſi naturalis non fue<lb></lb>rit quies, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item erit quies præter naturam. </s> <s>naturalis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quies eſſe non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; quoniam ſi motus <lb></lb>naturalis non eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe quies naturalis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quies illa ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quæ finit mo<lb></lb>tum ſecundùm naturam: proptereaque hęc ſecundùm naturam mouentur, vt aſſecuta locum ſibi <expan abbr="cõ-uenientẽ">con<lb></lb>uenientem</expan>, in eo ſecundùm naturam quieſcant. </s> <s>quae ſi motus eſt naturalis: ergo etiam erit quies natu<lb></lb>ralis: ita vt altero ex his, velint nolint, implicentur; aut hæc nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> moueri, aut ſi <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, mo<lb></lb>tum illum & <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> non ſanè violentam eſſe, ſed naturalem. </s> <s>Et quanuis aliquis illarum partium <lb></lb>ad Ariſt. </s> <s>dicere poſſe videretur ita argumentantem: ſi motus à natura non eſt, neque violentus fue<lb></lb>rit: ergo nullus eſt motus. </s> <s>fateor id tamen nihil ad me, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aſſero ego <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> moueri, ſed quie<lb></lb>ſcere: ſi nullus ergo eſt motus; eſt igitur quies. </s> <s>ſciat hic, ſublato motu bifariam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tolli <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, <lb></lb>vel quoniam ea quies extrinſecùs fiat ab eo corpore, quod circumuertitur: niſi ergo <expan abbr="circumuertat̃">circumuertatur</expan>, <lb></lb>profectò quietis cauſſa <expan abbr="tollet̃">tolletur</expan>, vel quia ſublato motu narurali tollatur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quies præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quam <lb></lb>illi <expan abbr="tribuũt">tribuunt</expan> terræ, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt, perpetuum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: igitur olim mouebitur; at <lb></lb>motus hic inde, vbi manet præter naturam, naturalis eſt: ſi igitur naturalis motus non eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>quies eſt præter naturam, vt vides. </s> <s>Sigillatim verò contra Anaximenem & alios eius ſectæ viros, <lb></lb>hæc dicere licebit. </s> <s>Si latitudo terrę cauſſa eſt, cur maneat ipſa immobilis: ergo ſi talem figuram <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2803"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habuerit, manere certe non poterit: atqui terra lata non eſt, ſed ſphærica: non igitur manet immo<lb></lb>bilis propter latitudinem. </s> <s>Sphæricam verò nos in præſentia ſtatuamus, tanquam <expan abbr="rõnibus">rationibus</expan> efficaciſsi<lb></lb>mis ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Aſtronomiſq́">Aſtronomiſque</expan>. </s> <s>concluſum. </s> <s>Argumentum verò probatur; ſiquidem ea ſeries eſt, atque <lb></lb>connexio effectuum & cauſſarum, vt ſi poſita cauſſa ponatur effectus, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſublata neceſ<lb></lb>ſe ſit effectum de medio tolli. </s> <s>Præterquam quae & ipſi in cauſſa explicanda <expan abbr="labũtur">labuntur</expan>, nam dum perſua<lb></lb>dere nobis cupiunt, latitudinem eſſe cauſſam quietis, accipiunt magnitudinem: proptereaque illi effe<lb></lb>ctus, quos proximè conſequi latitudinem eius aſſerunt, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> in magnitudine <expan abbr="referẽdi">referendi</expan> forent; nimirum, <lb></lb>quae aër tranſitum non inueniens coarctetur, & propter magnam copiam aëris concitati detineatur & <lb></lb>maneat. </s> <s>Sed aërem multum à magnitudine quidem, non à latitudine comprehendi oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="quæ-cunq.">quæ<lb></lb>cunque</expan> ergo ſit terræ figura, modo ſit tantæ molis, quantæ nunc eſt, idem ſemper efficiet. </s> <s>ſi igitur po<lb></lb>ſita magnitudine aëris coarctatio, cui terræ quies comitatur, non <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> primò; ſequitur etiam, vt ea <lb></lb>non ſit cauſſa, cur terra conquieſcat. </s> <s>Prætereà, ſi quae aliquid vertatur in orbem, vtputa cęlum, agitur <lb></lb>tetra, & violatur aër: finge nunc tu ceſſare vertiginem, certè aut aër ille ferretur, aut non: ſi minus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> terra item moueri poterit, verùm ab aëre ipſo ſuſtinebitur: quare nulla vertigine opus fuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2804"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita non naſcetur terræ quies ab vlla vertigine; id quod illorum hypotheſibus ad primè repugnat. <lb></lb></s> <s>quae ſi <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> mouetur, quo pacto id contingit? </s> <s>an'ne ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; an potius contra? </s> <s>ſi contra <lb></lb>naturam mouetur & manet; erit igitur aliquis eius motus ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic vel ſurſum <lb></lb>vel deorſum. </s> <s>Quod ſi indefinitè quolibet verſus: ergo <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſuperior aër lationem, quæ <lb></lb>ſurſum fiebat, non impediuit: <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ille, qui ſubeſt, eam prohibere vnquam poterit. </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio <lb></lb><expan abbr="cauſſaq́">cauſſaque</expan>. </s> <s>par eſt, effectus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> progrediantur pares oportet. </s> <s>ſi igitur ſuſtinet aër, neceſſe item eſt, vt <lb></lb>ab alio retineatur. </s> <s>quare id ipſum, quod aërem cohibet, cauſſa quietis erit, potius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſe aër. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>verò Empedocli obiiciebat Ariſt. </s> <s>ſi vertigo cauſſa quietis eſt in terra. </s> <s>ergo nullam ipſe <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> red<lb></lb>dere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cur in ſphæro priuſquam diſcordia diremiſſet elementa, maneret terra, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tum ver<lb></lb>tigo fiebat. </s> <s>Rurſus ab. </s> <s>eadem cauſſa <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> eundem proficiſci neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>quam obrem, ſi olim verti<lb></lb>go cauſſa fuerit, cur terra ferretur ad medium, & maneret in medio: etiam <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> deberet eſſe cauſſa, <lb></lb>propter quam terræ partes ad medium ferrentur, in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>manerent. </s> <s>ſed horum cauſſa non eſt, neque <lb></lb>igitur olim cauſſa fuit. </s> <s>Non eſſe verò cauſſam, cur terrę partes deorſum ferantur, ita probauit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>quia vertigo non peruenit ad nos, quia non tranſmittit vires ſuas vltra illam regionem aëris. </s> <s>quam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2805"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hypeccauma nuncupamus. </s> <s>Adde item ad hæc, quia vertigo, ſicut detrudit terram ad nos, detrude<lb></lb>re etiam alia corpora deberer, quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nunquam detrudit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ignis non obſtante vertigine ſur<lb></lb>ſum fertur ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Poſtremò facit Empedocles cauſſam, id quod poſterius eſt: nam <lb></lb>voluit hæc ad ſua loca vertigine concitari. </s> <s>at prius habebunt & propenſionem ad ipſa hoc quidem, <lb></lb>quod leue dicimus, ſurſum: illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quod vocatur graue, deorſum: proptereaque vertigo, non qui<lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora mouet indiſcriminatim, verùm ea, quæ ſic nata apta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> moueri, ſic patitur ignem <lb></lb>euolare, terram verò deorſum propellit: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id aut in immenſum, aut in præfinita quædam loca, <lb></lb>nec quidem in immenſum, eo quia non ſunt in illo termini aſcenſus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> deſcenſus: ergo per ſpa<lb></lb>tium, quod finitum ſit. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ſpatium, ſeu locus præfinitus. </s> <s>in quo manente eſt, quo ſunt nata <lb></lb>apta ferri, & manere <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>nulla igitur cauſſa violans, quæ <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> inducat in terram, ſed <lb></lb>ea prorſus naturalis. </s> <s>Pugna cum Empedocle <expan abbr="cõfecta">confecta</expan> nunc inſtar Anaximander. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="Timęũ">Timęum</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſiſſe legimus, quanquam pro Anaximandro Themiſtius legerat <expan abbr="Anaxagorã">Anaxagoram</expan>, cum quo etiam <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> <lb></lb>armis concertandum eſt. </s> <s>Voluit ipſe quicquid eſſet in medio, manere: cum vel à mouentibus ini<lb></lb>tiis, vel à terminis motus æqualiter <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> diſtaret. </s> <s>Atqui omne id <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> manet in medio, eo<lb></lb>dem modo affici oporteret: non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> afficitur. </s> <s>nam ſi ponatur ignis in medio, iam diſtabit à termi<lb></lb>nis, & cauſsis mouentibus peræquale ſpatium, quemadmodum terra: quamobrem moueri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po <pb pagenum="455"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2806"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terit; mouetur autem. </s> <s>Peccat etiam fallacia conſueta ſecundùm non cauſſam vt cauſſam: tribuit <lb></lb>enim quietem ſimilitudini: at hęc eſt à natura, quoniam, quò partes feruntur, eòdem fertur & to<lb></lb>tum ſecundùm naturam, ſed partes ſecundùm naturam feruntur ad medium: ergo & totum, ſiquis <lb></lb>efficeret caſus, vt extra medium eſſet, eò <expan abbr="moueret̃">moueretur</expan>, vt quo <expan abbr="ferunt̃">feruntur</expan> partes ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam quieſcant. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & totum cum eò feratur ſecundùm naturam; manebit ibidem <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Rurſus ſimilis eſt quæſtio; quapropter ignis manet in loco ſuperiore, quae ſi lo<lb></lb>cus ille ſecundùm naturam ipſius eſt, & hic igitur erit terrę ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>ſi verò terra quieſcit <lb></lb>hîc propter ſimilitudinem, vt ipſe inquit, cùm ſimiliter ignis ibi quieſcat, etiam reddenda fuit cauſſa <lb></lb>ſimilitudinis in igni: hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> reddi non poterat eadem. </s> <s>Quinetiam ſimilitudo non indicat neceſ<lb></lb>ſariò quietem, ſed potius diſcerptionem & diſsipationem, vt ſi ignis hîc eſſet, & <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> traheretur: <lb></lb>nou maneret ſanè, ſed in multas partes diſperſus auolaret, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> illud duntaxat ex ſimilitudine col<lb></lb>liges, partem vt ita dicam, proportionalem ad proportionalem <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> ſeſe collaturam: vtputa, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quartã">quartam</expan> partem, quæ continetur ad quartam <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> continentis, & ex anguſtiore loco <expan abbr="venientẽ">venientem</expan> in am<lb></lb>pliorem, rariorem futuram. </s> <s>quoniam ſicuti <expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan> cum denſo permutatur, ita contrà denſum tranſit <lb></lb>in rarum. </s> <s>cùm igitur terra eſſet in infimo loco, nil prohiberet, quominus à medio facta rarior ſece<lb></lb>deret. </s> <s>quòd ſi id non euenit; alia huius euenti cauſſa <expan abbr="excogitãda">excogitanda</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa, ni fallimur, eſt natura. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2807"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quamobrem eſt, quae hic Ptolemęum Ariſt. </s> <s>admiratorem & Theonem illius alumnum conſimilem <lb></lb>cauſſam quietis aſsignaſſe miremur. </s> <s>horum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eam de terræ quiete ſententiam fuiſſe legimus, terræ <lb></lb><expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, cùm pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> minima ſit, à prorſus maxima & vniformi, hoc eſt, cęleſti ſuperari ęqua <lb></lb>interualla ab ipſa retinentem, & æquis viribus <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> repulſam, aut ſuſtentatam, nec <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> <lb></lb>cogitari poſſe in vniuerſi figura, quæ globoſa ſit, quod ſuperius inferiuſúe exiſtat, nec vlla ex parte <lb></lb>ſuſtentationem remitti, quemadmodum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſenſu experimur, ea .ſ. </s> <s>quæ ab æquis viribus in diuerſas <lb></lb>partes pelluntur, aut ſuſtentantur, immobilia permanere, vt artus <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> muſculis oppoſitis re<lb></lb>trahentibus, cùm in mundo nihil exiſtat, quod ad ipſam infra ſupraúe habendum ſit; quo pacto ne<lb></lb>que in globo quiſpiam aliquid <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> fingere poſſet. </s> <s>Idcirco verò ſuſtentationes iſtas vniformiter obi<lb></lb>ri, quia nihil in tali figura ſuperius & inferius eſſe queat. </s> <s>Etenim quod nobis exoritur & infra eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, iis qui ortui propinquiores ſunt, ſupra <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> extat, & velut in loco ſuperiore, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iterum quod ſu<lb></lb>perius nobis eſt, & ad meridianum, iis, qui ad occaſum magis accedunt, eſt ante <expan abbr="meridianũ">meridianum</expan> & velut <lb></lb>in inferiore loco. </s> <s><expan abbr="Similiq́">Similique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione in receſsibus ad <expan abbr="Aquilonẽ">Aquilonem</expan> & Auſtrum; nam cùm vnus <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit <lb></lb>ſphærę polus aquilonaris; his quidem ſublimior, illis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> humilior apparet. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Sol & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2808"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliæ <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ſtellæ, quanuis vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, quæ ex diuerſiis regionibus, vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ſpe<lb></lb>ctetur, his quidem ſuperius, & veluti ſupra caput, illis verò inferius & in finiente conſpicitur. </s> <s>Sicut <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in Lunæ defectibus obſeruatum eſt, quae à quibuſdam adſpicitur, dum eſt in meridiano, ab aliis, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb>euehitur ſupra finientem. </s> <s>Quocirca cum ad nos <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> loca ſuperiora & inferiora videantur; con<lb></lb>ſentaneum rationi dicemus: ſi tali figuræ ſuperius <expan abbr="inferiuſq́">inferiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>denegabimus. </s> <s>Hæc illi. </s> <s>Cęterùm de <lb></lb><expan abbr="locorũ">locorum</expan> <expan abbr="differẽtiis">differentiis</expan> in cælo poſthac. </s> <s>nunc ſi rectè animaduertis, docuit te iam Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> abſurda ſit hæc <lb></lb>opinio. </s> <s>addo etiam <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> parua conſtantia defenſa: cùm paullò pòſt huius ſententiæ patroni doceant, <lb></lb>vt terræ partes & ea mixta, in quibus terra dominatur, ad ſuam vniuerſitatem tendant, <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. </s> <s>inter <lb></lb>ſe æqualiter opprimentia totum immobile efficiant. </s> <s>ita vt <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quoquo pacto talis motus <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe conſentiant. </s> <s>quanquam & id falſum eſſe docebimus ad vniuerſitatem ſimpliciter ferri partes. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtant <expan abbr="exẽpla">exempla</expan> ex altera parte poſita. </s> <s>quandò & filum ab æquis viribus <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> <expan abbr="tractũ">tractum</expan> in me<lb></lb>dio frangitur, & animalis <expan abbr="exẽplum">exemplum</expan> ſimile non eſt: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> intra ſe <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> cauſſam quietis habet natu<lb></lb>ralem. </s> <s>quapropter ad hoc potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad illud moueatur, aut hic maneat, ſed <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> cauſſa motus ab ex<lb></lb>terno proficiſcitur: in naturalibus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & eſt propenſio naturalis ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> & quies in ipſo. </s> <s>Aduerte <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2809"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò diligenter diſsimilitudinis huiuſce <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc ad primè conſentit cum his, quæ de vo<lb></lb>luntarij motus initiis ex Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan> poſteà <expan abbr="dicent̃">dicentur</expan>. </s> <s>Et planè motus ille ſummas turres <expan abbr="demoliet̃">demolietur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque hîc erit, quae dicas celeritatem motus impedire, quominus eæ dilabantur (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> celeritas suma <lb></lb>quieti conſimilis quia partes ſpatij quaſi in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> colligat, qui eſt locus & terminus quietis) <lb></lb>quae ſicut etiam, dum lychnum oleo plenum celeriter voluimus, oleum non effluit, ſic in ædificiis, vſu<lb></lb>ueniat. </s> <s>Nam ſi rem introſpicias, totus aqua impetus verſus partes interiores vaſis imprimitur; non <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> verſus <expan abbr="orificiũ">orificium</expan>, ambit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod voluit; <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ſi verſus <expan abbr="orificiũ">orificium</expan> vergeret, & ad partes exteriores <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan> <lb></lb>ſubitò efflueret. </s> <s>At impetus à terra <expan abbr="imprimit̃">imprimitur</expan> ædificiis ad partes externas. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtere">conſtere</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="poſsẽt">poſsent</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2801"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2802"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2803"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2804"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2805"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2806"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2807"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2808"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2809"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De loco terrę nonnulla. </s> <s>Caput VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX his igitur perſpicuum eſt, terram in medio poſitam eſſe, & manere immobilem; quibus & <lb></lb>cauſſæ <expan abbr="ſapientumq́">ſapientumque</expan>. </s> <s>auctoritates atteſtantur. </s> <s>Nam ſi terræ partes aduertamus, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſuapte natu<lb></lb>ra feruntur ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, ignis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à medio, quia verò vnus eſt ſecundùm naturam motus illarum, ce<lb></lb>teri verò præter naturam, vbi peruenerunt ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, cùm ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> dimoueri inde <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſint, ſed præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aut manebunt igitur, aut præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouebuntur: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de tota ter<lb></lb>ra cenſendum eſt, ſed cùm vis nulla tanta reperiri poſsit, quicquid Archimedes ille dixerit, qui in <pb pagenum="456"></pb>uenta quadam machina exclamauit <foreign lang="grc">πᾷ βῷ κινῶ τὰν γὰν</foreign>; id eſt, quo vado & moueo terram? </s> <s>quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2810"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>totam moueat; eam prorſus <expan abbr="immobilẽ">immobilem</expan> permanere neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> quae ad id nata ſit, vt feratur ad me<lb></lb>dium, <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>natura moueri non poſsit, erit cauſſa prima quietis ipſius. </s> <s>Ei <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> efficientes cauſſæ <lb></lb>conſentiunt. </s> <s>nam cęlum afficiendo <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quæ continetur in ſphęra patibilium, per lumen & mo<lb></lb>tum; proxima quidem motu calefacit, & inferiora lumine afficiens ad ſeſe trahit; relinquit in loco <lb></lb>remotiſsimo id quod frigidum eſt & ponderoſum, ibi verò tale corporum genus ſecundùm <expan abbr="natu-rã">natu<lb></lb>ram</expan> <expan abbr="cõſeruatur">conſeruatur</expan>, ideò manet ibi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> eſt in medio, locus eſt ei naturalis, quae ſi in hoc ſenſu Antiqui <lb></lb>illi quietis terræ cauſſam dixiſſent eſſe vertiginem, non <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> reprehenſione digni fuiſſent. </s> <s>Ne verò <lb></lb>credas me terræ, aut <expan abbr="oĩo">omnino</expan> elementi cuiuſpiam vniuerſi, cauſſam propriè efficientem ponere: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pro<lb></lb>priè cauſſa efficiens naturæ ſingularis & caducę. </s> <s>at cùm elementa tota, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cęteræ ſpecies, inte<lb></lb>rire non poſsint, vero efficiente vacent oportet, ſed ſi quo pacto efficiens illis <expan abbr="cõcedere">concedere</expan> fas eſt, illud <lb></lb>eſt metaphoricè, nimirùm conſeruans: quanquam accidit, vt <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> conſeruetur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, & quia <lb></lb>manens alicubi polleat iis virtutibus, & fungatur iis muneribus quæ ſibi à natura impertita ſunt, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> illam, quæ ſuæ naturæ conuenientiſsima ſit, aſſequatur, & quae per nouam <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <expan abbr="reſtitutio-nẽ">reſtitutio<lb></lb>nem</expan> in ſpecie conſeruet æternitatem, cui certè muneri iam efficiens verum pręponimus. </s> <s>Atqui <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vbi hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, tota .ſ. </s> <s>terra, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>partes conſeruatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & partes <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in toto duplici de cauſſa <lb></lb>conſeruari poſſunt; tum quae illę <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> adeptę ſint locum <expan abbr="aptiſsimũ">aptiſsimum</expan> ſuæ naturæ; tum etiam quae iunctæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2811"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum toto redduntur efficaciores ad reſiſtendum contrariis. </s> <s>nam quo maius eſt corpus, eo quoque <lb></lb>virtus naturalis maior eſſe ſolet. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quòd ſiquando philoſophus <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> conſtitutionem <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2812"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſuiſſe <expan abbr="cõperitur">comperitur</expan>; intelligas hæc non fuiſſe pronunciata de illis, tanquam olim genita fuerint, ſed <lb></lb>perſpicuitatis & doctrinæ gratia; quaſi futurum ſit, vt magis hæc cognoſcantur, ſi quemadmodum <lb></lb>mathematici diagrammata ſua diſſoluunt, ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="requidẽ">requidem</expan>, ſed cogitatione, mundus in ſuas cauſ<lb></lb>ſas & elementa <expan abbr="principiaq́">principiaque</expan>. </s> <s>cum actuoſa, tum patibilia diſſoluatur. </s> <s>ſed hæc aliàs. </s> <s>Quietis etiam ter<lb></lb>ræ in medio mundo ratio habita eſt à mathematicis: quippe qui cauſſas hinc ducant apparentium <lb></lb>in poſituris aſtrorum, & varietates eorum, non ſanè ex motu terræ, ſed cęleſtium corporum verſio<lb></lb>ne circùm terram æquabili doceant. </s> <s>hæc enim Aſtronomi de ipſa prædicarunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2810"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2811"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2812"></margin.target>a 1. Meteo.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd niſi librato penderet pondere tellus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Non ageret curſus mundi ſubeuntibus astris</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Phœbus ad occaſum, vt nunquam remearet ad ortum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>& paullò poſt.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc quia non imo tellus deiecta profundo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed medio ſuſpenſa manet, ſunt peruia cuncta<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2813"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2813"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sed & motus terræ & quies etiam, tanquam à poſteriori, nos reddunt certiores de loco. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fe<lb></lb>runtur ad <expan abbr="perpendiculũ">perpendiculum</expan> linea deſignata, quæ ſuperficiem terræ, quæ rotunda eſt, tangat in puncto: <lb></lb>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> grauia ſuapte natura tendunt ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>manent ſecundùm naturam, <lb></lb>ac niſi illò perueniant, in cauſſa eſt impediens. </s> <s>In medio igitur terra conſiſtit. </s> <s>Ad hæc item adiun<lb></lb>gere potes ſigna, quæ Ptolęmeus appoſuit: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi minus, aut ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> polo diſtabit æqualiter extra <lb></lb>axem <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, propinquior exiſtens vni è quattuor punctis, vel orientis vel meridiei, vel vni ex oppoſi<lb></lb>tis: vel erit in axe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed alteri polo vicinior, vel <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in axe, vel pari ſpatio <expan abbr="diſtãs">diſtans</expan> à polis. </s> <s>verùm <lb></lb>ſi æquè diſtet à polis extra axem, aut erit ſupra axem; aut erit infra. </s> <s>quod ſi ſupra <expan abbr="axẽ">axem</expan> exiſtat, hori<lb></lb>zon rectus in æquas partes non ſecaret æquinoctialem, & parallelos, ſed in portiones minores ſanè <lb></lb>ſupra horizontem, & maiores ſub horizonte: contrà eueniret, ſi terra foret ſub axe: ita fieret, vt in <lb></lb>ſphæra recta non eſſet <expan abbr="æquinoctiũ">æquinoctium</expan>, quod tamen ſemper eſt. </s> <s>In ſphęra autem non recta, aut non fie<lb></lb>ret vnquam, aut ſi fieret, non fieret tum, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ſol eſt in æquinoctiali circulo, & æquè diſtat ab vtroque <lb></lb>ſolſtitio, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> horizon oblíquus <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> æquinoctialem in partes equales ſecare poſſet. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb>non ſemper <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> cęlum aſpiceretur, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> & ſemper ſex ſigna ſupra horizonta <expan abbr="ſpectent̃">ſpectentur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi deflectens ab axe ad <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan>, aut occaſum approqin quaret, èloco viciniore ſtellæ magnitudo <arrow.to.target n="marg2814"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>magis eſſet conſpicua. </s> <s><expan abbr="Putarẽ">Putarem</expan> etiam fore, vt gradus caloris, qui per radios ad <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> procedens reper<lb></lb>cutitur, <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> non eſſet idem, aut radiis validius emiſsis, aut efficacius repercuſsis. </s> <s>Neque item eſſet <lb></lb>æquale <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ab ortu ſolis <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="meridiẽ">meridiem</expan>; & à meridie <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad occaſum: nam ſi terra propinquior <lb></lb>ortui fuerit, minor erit motus ab ortu ad meridiem. </s> <s>At ſi in eodem axe vicinior fuerit alteri <expan abbr="polo-rũ">polo<lb></lb>rum</expan>; quanuis horizon ipſe rectus diuidat cęlum per dimidia; obliquus tamen <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> ſecare non poſſet, <lb></lb>ſed ſemper minor pars intercepta eſſet ab ea regione poli cui terra vicinior eſt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non ſemper <expan abbr="di-midiũ">di<lb></lb>midium</expan> cęli conſpiceretur. </s> <s>Tum deinde ſequeretur, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> horizon, obliquus .ſ. </s> <s>æquinoctialem in par<lb></lb>tes ſcinderet inæquales, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> dum ſol eſſet in æquinoctiali, non fieret <expan abbr="æquinoctiũ">æquinoctium</expan>. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, <lb></lb>quod dum ſol ageret in æquinoctiali & oriente, non porrigerentur vmbræ in occaſum, ſed ad <expan abbr="polũ">polum</expan> <lb></lb>illum cui terra vicinior foret. </s> <s><expan abbr="Multoq́">Multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis hęc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> conſequuntur, ſi extra <expan abbr="axẽ">axem</expan> terra ponatur, nec <lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> polis æquè diſtet. </s> <s>Adde inſuper, niſi foret in medio terra, certos canones de incremento <lb></lb><expan abbr="decrementoq́">decrementoque</expan>. </s> <s>dierum tradi non poſſe. </s> <s>Adiungebat ad hæc Auerroës nunquam fore, vt Lunæ la<lb></lb>bores fierent, dum luces oppoſitæ verſarentur in capite & cauda Draconis. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> radij & vmbræ <lb></lb>à corpore lucido & opaco per lineas rectas porrigantur, Lunam declinare oporteret ad eam <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, <lb></lb>qua verſus vmbra porrigitur, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit extra cæli <expan abbr="diametrũ">diametrum</expan>, extra ipſam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> contingeret eclipſis, <pb pagenum="457"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2815"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc tamen neutiquam obſeruatum eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem, qui id admirabile putant non progredi quo<lb></lb>quam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deſcendere tantum terræ pondus, ſed ſtare ſic immobile in ſublimi, reputant id admira<lb></lb>bile, quia non ducuntur à ratione, ſed ab iis <expan abbr="euentũ">euentum</expan> reprobant, quæ in ipſis fieri nequeunt. </s> <s>aſpicien<lb></lb>tes enim fieri non poſſe, vt tale quid ſenſu perſuadeatur in partibus, proptereà quòd nullum ex hi<lb></lb>ſce ponderibus, quanuis minimum ſit, ſublime cerni poteſt, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de toto decernunt. </s> <s>Verum<lb></lb>enimuerò ratio monſtrat totum aliter ſe habere. </s> <s>Hæc nos fortaſſe prolixius: verùm quia tum ab <lb></lb>Ariſtolele, tum etiam ab Auerroë ſignificata fuerint, & tanquam perſpicua nobis, omni methodo <lb></lb>communia: vbi motus & quietis naturalium corporum initia veſtigantur, à re noſtra non aliena <lb></lb>eſſe putauimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2814"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2815"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur quod' nam ſit medium ad quod terra ſuapte natura mouetur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB his item occaſio ſumi poteſt aliquid decernendi de loco grauium. </s> <s>ita enim dicere neceſſe <lb></lb>eſt, ipſum eſſe centrum. </s> <s>At verò quemadmodum accipiendum ſit centrum, quod eſt gra<lb></lb>uium locus, non admodum mihi probantur ea quæ vulgò tradita ſunt. </s> <s>video enim illos, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex iis ver<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2816"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bis Ariſt. </s> <s>quibus cuique corpori ſuum locum in ordine tribuit vniuerſi, ſtatuere terram quidem in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2817"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aqua, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hanc verò in aëre: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>facere locum terræ concauam aquæ ſuperficiem; proptereà ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2818"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quitur, ſi locus terræ centrum eſt, aquę ſuperficiem concauam eſſe centrum: ſic etiam aquę lo<lb></lb>cum eſſe aërem; in aëre enim eſt aqua. </s> <s>quamobrem, ſi terra moueatur vnquam ad ſuum locum, <lb></lb>aut aqua, fore; vt terra moueatur ad concauam aquæ ſuperficiem: aqua verò ad eam, quæ aëris <lb></lb>extremum ſit: <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. </s> <s>corpora hæc conſeruari: id quod loci proprium eſt, ob ſimilitudinem & affi<lb></lb>nitatem quæ eſt inter corpora contigua, quemadmodum etiam ſuprà deſcripſimus, qua genera<lb></lb>tim de loco diſputatum eſt. </s> <s>Neque verò centrum ſimpliciter inquiunt, vllius locus eſſe poteſt, <lb></lb>quatenus centrum eo, quia locus ponendus eſt æqualis ei quod eſt in loco: hoc verò corpus eſt: <lb></lb>at cùm centrum ſit indiuiduum, quo pacto ſtatuetur eſſe corpori æquale? </s> <s>ob id igitur non poteſt <lb></lb>eſſe locus. </s> <s>ideò ſi centrum mundi locus eſt grauium; atque id debet eſſe locato æquale; concauum <lb></lb>aquæ mundi centrum fuerit ponendum. </s> <s>Confirmatur etiam hoc decretum; quoniam locus na<lb></lb>turalis videtur eſſe debere ſenſilis, illi enim virtus naturalis attribuitur: omnis autem huiuſmo<lb></lb>di ſenſilis eſt: at quæ'nam obſecro virtus ſenſilis eſſe poteſt centri ſolius quod indiuiduo conſiſtit? <lb></lb></s> <s>quandoquidem in indiuiduo, quatenus indiuiduum eſt, nulla qualitas naturalis, aut ſenſilis in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2819"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe poteſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Attamen aliam viam nobis ingrediendam eſſe admonent verba Philoſophi de 4. <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2820"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Phyſ. ibi enim duo loca ſtatuit quibus vniuerſum concludatur, medium & extremum, quæ duo <lb></lb>per ſe ſunt immobilia, ſed extremum licet immobile ſit, hoc vno differt ab altero, quòd alio & alio <lb></lb>modo ſe habet; medium ſemper eandem ſeruat habitudinem. </s> <s>Nunc aquæ ſuperficies non reti<lb></lb>net eandem habitudinem alio & alio modo ſe habens: vt enim inquit Ariſt. 1. Meteor. </s> <s>vbi nunc eſt <lb></lb>terra, olim erat aqua. </s> <s>Ergo ſuperficies aquæ non poteſt eſſe locus, vt medium, Prætereà accipio <lb></lb>terræ figuram eſſe globoſam: intra verò hunc globum quicquid eſt, contineri tanquàm ſit in ſuo <lb></lb>loco. </s> <s>Verùm quòd ſit globoſa pendet ex pulſione partium; at pulſio ſequitur propriam inclina<lb></lb>tionem, ea verò eſt dum partes aſpirant ad centrum, quod eſt idem cum centro terræ, vt patuit ſu<lb></lb>prà. </s> <s>Ergo non aquæ ſuperficies, ſed medium quod eſt centrum, locus eſt grauium proprius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit eodem iudicium noſtri præceptoris, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm proponit ad diſſerendum, vtrum'ne terra, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2821"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& omnino grauia moueantur ad medium terræ; an ad medium vniuerſi: cęterùm manifeſtè me<lb></lb>dium terræ non eſt concaua ſuperficies aquæ, ſed idem àc centrum eiuſdem: inanis autém profe<lb></lb>ctò foret hæc quæſtio, ſi concauum aquæ medium foret vniuerſi: cùm enim id medium terræ <lb></lb>non ſit, non erat quòd eſſet dubitandum, quando fertur ad medium, vt feratur in ſuum locum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2822"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad quod' nam medium feratur, ſed ſatis fuiſſet nobis ſignificati medium totius eſſe ſuperficiem <lb></lb>aquæ interiorem; ideò medij terræ nullam habendam eſſe rationem. </s> <s>Confirmat etiam id quod <lb></lb>dicimus Ariſtotelica ſolutio, qua monſtratur ad vtrunque centrum grauia ferri; quoniam vtraque <lb></lb>ſunt idem ſubiecto: ſed ad centrum mundi per ſe, ad centrum verò terræ per accidens: quan<lb></lb>quam Auerroës ipſe <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> palàm profitetur centrum mundi eſſe idem cum centro terræ, <expan abbr="eademq́ue">eademque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2823"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe media ſimul terræ & vniuerſi. </s> <s>Hoc loco ſuccurrit vt aduertamus, medium ſiue centrum <lb></lb>mundi ſimpliciter eſſe vnum, medium verò terræ multiplex, aut enim medium magnitudinis, <lb></lb>aut ponderis, illud quidem, vnde eius extrema diſtant æqualiter, vt ſi terra ab omni ſenſili quali<lb></lb>tate ſeuocaretur <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> ſolùm quantitas ſpectaretur more mathematico; ponderis autem, vnde <lb></lb>ratio ſumitur æquilibrij, vt in neutram ſcilicet partem ſuperata agitetur, ſed <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> tamundem va<lb></lb>leant omnes, & denique punctum auctore Pappo intrapoſitum, vnde ſi graue cogitaretur appen<lb></lb>ſum; ſi moueretur, inter mouendum poſituram eandem profectò ſeruaret. </s> <s>cùm cęteroqui medium <lb></lb>mundi ſit tale virtute; quoniam finiat motus naturales corporum grauium: vtrum'ne verò cęli <lb></lb>ipſius poſthac dicetur. </s> <s>Accidit autem, vt ſi quantitas ſola terræ ſpectetur propter exuperantiam <lb></lb>montium & terræ cauitatum, non ſit idem <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> medium, ſed quoniam montes non efficiunt <pb pagenum="458"></pb>in tanta mole terræ, neque beneficio magnitudinis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ponderis aliquam differentiam ſenſilem; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2824"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etenim vt docet Theon ex Eratoſthene ſummorum montium altitudo non auget diametrum ter<lb></lb>ræ pluſquam ſpatio 10. ſtadiorum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad ſummam, vt teſtatur Philoponus 1. Meteor. 12. cum dia<lb></lb>metri ſpatium ſit, vt ille vult ſtadiorum 801812. Verùm fac mendam eſſe in ſcriptura & elemen<lb></lb>tum quo numerus ſignificatur, eſſe corruptum, & ſignificare mille ſtadia (nam legimus apud <lb></lb>M. Polum deſcenſum tridui) quæ ſunt Miliaria 125. adhuc inſenſilis erit ad reliquam terræ <lb></lb>magnitudinem illa exuperantia. </s> <s>Quid igitur efficient montium altitudines in tanta diſtantia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quocirca quanuis medium hoc mathematicè ſumptum, non idem ſit cum centro & medio pon<lb></lb>deris: nihilominus apud phyſicum qui ſolummodò rerum ſenſilium habet rationem, idem accipi <lb></lb>poſsit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtraq.">Vtraque</expan> verò ſubiecto conueniunt cum medio mundi, quod appellare liceat <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> virtutis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim vt docent mathematici, in circulo, & èclipſi (eſt verò ellipſis minor portio ſphęræ, vel oxy<lb></lb>gonios ſectio pyramidis) idem eſt centrum figuræ & grauitatis. </s> <s>Peto primum vt Archimedes. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Figurarum æqualium & ſimilium inter ſeaptatarum centra <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> grauitatis ipſarum inter ſe eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2825"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe aptata. </s> <s>Deinde ſuppono, eodem auctore. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Centra grauitatis diuerſarum magnitudinum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2826"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi illæ componantur; efficere in rota magnitudine centrum ſuper linea recta inter vtraque centra <lb></lb>ducta, quod æqualiter diſtet ab vtriſque. </s> <s>Sit ergo circulus, vel ellipſis ABCD. diameter eorum <lb></lb>DB. centrum E. <expan abbr="ducaturq́">ducaturque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2827"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>recta linea AC. quæ ſecet <lb></lb>lineam DB. ad angulos re<lb></lb>ctos erunt ADC. ABC. <lb></lb>eorum dimidiæ portiones. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam igitur portionis <lb></lb>ADC. centrum grauitatis <lb></lb>eſt in diametro DE. & rur<lb></lb>ſus centrum grauitatis por<lb></lb>tionis ABC. in diametro <lb></lb>BE. ſi coniungantur hę ma<lb></lb>gnitudines; centrum totius <lb></lb>erit in diametro DB. Sit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig6"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>centrum portionis ADC. punctum T. in ipſa autem ABC in diametro DB. ſtatuatur pun<lb></lb>ctum G. æqualiter diſtans ab E. erit ex petitione centrum grauitatis portionis ABC. Verùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2828"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex hypotheſi centrum magnitudinis totius eſt in eadem linea diſtans æqualiter à centris vtriuſque <lb></lb>portionis. </s> <s>ſed tale eſt punctum E. atqui hoc eſt centrum grauitatis & figuræ ABCD. Ergo <lb></lb>idem eſt centrum grauitatis & figuræ. </s> <s>Hic igitur eſt verus grauium locus, & terræ primum, <lb></lb>deinde ipſius aquæ & aëris etiam ob id quod exponemus infrà. </s> <s>propterea fit, vt ſi quis transfe<lb></lb>rat terram, vbi nunc eſt Luna, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non ferantur partes ad ipſam, ſed ad eundem locum, vbi etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2829"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nunc moratur. </s> <s>Atque hæc maiorem in modum cum iis congruunt, quæ Mathematici demon<lb></lb>ſtrant. </s> <s>Nam ſi vt ſuperiores illi, dicamus; eueniet vt maior terræ pars ſit extra proprium locum; <lb></lb>quippe quòd maior eius pars detecta ſit: & aëri contigua. </s> <s>Prætereà locus aquæ idem erit àc ter<lb></lb>ræ; <expan abbr="idemq́ue">idemque</expan> centrum, ſed interuentu terræ, & aquæ locus, non mare, vt docuit Ariſtoteles, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed humiliſsima terræ ſedes, in qua accidit eſſe mare, vt etiam ſi deprimeretur terra, cum ipſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2830"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quoque deſcenderet aqua, <expan abbr="ſolumq́ue">ſolumque</expan> obtineret, vt proximè ſupra terram exiſteret. </s> <s>Accedit eo<lb></lb>dem quòd ſi concaua ſuperficies aquæ, locus eſſet terræ naturalis; ad eam terram ſecundùm natu<lb></lb>ram moueretur (talis enim eſt conditio loci naturalis) ſed ipſa perpetuò cietur deorſum, <expan abbr="cen-trumq́">cen<lb></lb>trumque</expan>. </s> <s>verſus. </s> <s>Ergo centrum non concaua ſuperficies aquę, nec ea verus terræ locus, ſed cen<lb></lb>trum. </s> <s>Quòd autem ſit immobilis iſte mundi terminus, ànteà dictum eſt. </s> <s>ſed vt contineat; id quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2831"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loci officium primum omnes eſſe fatentur, explicare hoc opus eſt hic labor. </s> <s>Video verò duos <lb></lb>iſtos mundi terminos ab Ariſtotele poni, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quibus ſcilicet omnes motus naturales rerum caduca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2832"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum finiantur, & ſtatuere ipſos fieri ſuper ſpatiis, quæ ſunt inter hos terminos, vel ad mundi me<lb></lb>dium, vel ad extremum, & vtrique rationem continentis adſcribere. </s> <s>Qui verſus, inquit, me<lb></lb>dium continet terminus deorſum eſt, “& ipſum medium, [quod nos iam diximus eſſe ſubiecto <lb></lb>idem, non ſanè cum aquæ ſuperficie, ſed cum medio terræ.] Qui verò verſus vltimum ſurſum, <lb></lb>& ipſum vltimum, & propter hoc videtur planum quoddam eſſe, & veluti vas, locus, & con<lb></lb>tinens. </s> <s>Rurſus idem hæc habet. </s> <s>Quoniam locus eſt ipſius continentis finis: continent autem <lb></lb>omnia quæ mouentur ſurſum & deorſum, & extremum & medium”: hoc autem modo quodam <lb></lb>fit forma contenti; in ſuum locum ferri ad ſimile eſt ferri. </s> <s>Quamobrem ex his ego duo colligi poſ<lb></lb>ſe cenſerem. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, ambitus <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> eſſe duplicem, vel ſeorſum, vel etiam coniunctim, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſeorſum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ea, quę ſuperius ſunt collocata, <expan abbr="cõtinent">continent</expan> inferiora: <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> verò non <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> ſeor<lb></lb>ſum, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> altero extremo ſimul Prætereà, ſi medio <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> ſeorſum <expan abbr="attribuẽdum">attribuendum</expan> ſit, ita <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> <lb></lb>dixerim, quia terminet <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: illò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> grauia <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> cientur <expan abbr="ſęcũdùm">ſęcundùm</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>: atqui <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> mo <pb pagenum="459"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2833"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uentur ſecundùm locum, mouentur ad locum: igitur medium locus eſt, locus autem per ſe ter<lb></lb>minat motum. </s> <s>Iam verò quòd continere ſit idem, atque terminare nonnunquam apud Ariſto<lb></lb>telem docuimus olim. </s> <s>Ad medium quoque ferri aquam ipſam teſtatur Ariſtoteles, & ratio con<lb></lb>uincit; ſiquidem ea grauis eſt; verùm quia non ſimpliciter grauis eſt, ipſum non aſſequi proximè <lb></lb>fatebimur, ſed quantum poteſt: hoc verò eſt, ſi ad ſuperficiem terræ peruenerit: ex quo manet <lb></lb>in terra; & nititur ſuper ipſa: neque enim nata eſt apta manere ſuſpenſa, quemadmodum ignis, <lb></lb>ſed inhæreat alicui neceſſe eſt, idcircò dicemus verum & proprium locum naturalem ipſius <lb></lb>aquæ non eſſe quidem aëris interiorem, ſed externam terræ ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi quo ca<lb></lb>ſu fieret, vt terra ſubmoueretur; adhuc aqua vlterius ad centrum vſque ferretur, atque illud <lb></lb>quidem terræ & mundi. </s> <s>Vtat hîc ego demonſtratione Archimedis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua neceſſariò rem ſic eſ<lb></lb>ſe patet, vt dicimus. </s> <s>Pone humidum conſiſtens & ſecetur eius ſuperficies plano per centrum ter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2834"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ræ ducto: ſit autem centrum terræ K. & ſuperficiei ſectio <lb></lb>linea ABCD. Aio & hanc eſſe circunferentiam, & habe<lb></lb>re centrum K. ſint, rectæ lineæ à centro K. ad circunferen<lb></lb>tiam non erunt æquales: Accipio rectam lineam, quæ ma<lb></lb>ior ſit nonnullis lineis, à centro K ad circunferentiam du<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2835"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctis, alijs verò minor, & ex centro K & interuallo huius li<lb></lb>neę circulum deſcribo: neceſſariò cadet eius circunferentia <lb></lb>partim extra lineam ABCD. partim verò intra, cùm ſit <lb></lb>his quidem maior, illis verò minor, quæ à centro ducuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sit igitur eius circuli circunferentia TBH. & ex B. ducta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig7"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>linea ad K iungantur TK. KHE. faciant verò angulos æquales. </s> <s>Rurſus aliam circunferentiam de<lb></lb>ſcribo in eodem plano, quæ ſit minor <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> circunferentiis, nempe XOP. Profectò partes humi<lb></lb>di, quæ ſunt in hac minore circunferentia iacent æqualiter, & inter ſe continuæ ſunt. </s> <s>Sed cùm angu<lb></lb>li ſectorum TKB. & BKH. ſint æquales. </s> <s>ergo & ſectores æquales. </s> <s>Verùm BKE. eſt maior, quàm <lb></lb>BKH. quia BKH. eſt illius pars: ergo etiam maior eſt ſectore TBK. multò igitur maius ſegmen<lb></lb>to AKB. quod eſt pars ipſius TBK. Sed enim XKO. OKP. ſunt æqualia, cùm eorum anguli <lb></lb>ſint æquales; iis igitur demptis remanet portio AXOB. quę premit XkO. minor quàm BOPE. <lb></lb>quæ premit OkP. Ergo XkO. minus preſſa ab OPk. </s> <s>magis preſſa expelletur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non conſi<lb></lb>ſtit, quemadmodum ſumpſeras. </s> <s>Erit igitur linea ABD. quæ terminat planum per centrum terræ <lb></lb>ductum ſphærica, & centrum eius plani terræ centrum. </s> <s>Cùm verò probarum fuerit antè, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2836"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2837"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perficies aliqua plano ſecetur, per idem punctum ſemper; <expan abbr="ſitq́">ſitque</expan>. </s> <s>ſectio circuli circunferentia; cen<lb></lb>trum habens punctum illud, per quod plano ſecatur; ſphærę ſuperficiem eſſe, ſuperficies <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aquæ <lb></lb>manentis ſecta per centrum terræ, quod eſt centrum mundi, perpetuò circuli circunferentiam fa<lb></lb>ciat; ſphęrica certè erit & habebit centrum illud punctum, per quod ipſa plano ſecatur, quod dici<lb></lb>mus eſſe centrum mundi per ſe, terræ verò per accidens, & ad hæc fertur aqua ſimpliciter, ſed pro<lb></lb>ximè motus eius ſuperficie terræ finitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hic terminus omnium grauium, ſimpliciter & quo<lb></lb>dammodo, licet grauis ſimpliciter proximus, aliorum per medium aquę per terrę ſuperficiem, aëris <lb></lb>autem per ſuperficiem aquę; omnia enim deorſum vno igni excepto propendent. </s> <s>Sed cùm media <lb></lb>cum grauitate connexum aliquid habeant leuitatis; inde fit vt eo vinculo apta ſint inter ſe elemen<lb></lb>ta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> connexa, vt media duplicem habeant relationem & habitudinem ad ſuperiora nimirùm, & <lb></lb>ad inferiora: quoniam partim grauia, partim leuia ſunt; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in medio quieſcentia ſint in ſimi<lb></lb>li collocata; extrema verò ſint forma ſolùm. </s> <s>Et quanuis ab Ariſtotele ſuperiora nuncupentur for<lb></lb>mæ inferiorum: ex quo ſuſpicari poſsis, locum terræ fore ſuperficiem aquæ & ſuperficiem aëris <lb></lb>aquæ locum eſſe: quoniam aër complectatur aquam, & hæc terram. </s> <s>Animaduerte, obſecrò; <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem non ſimpliciter appellaſſe ſuperius, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod eſt à medio, ſed quod eſt propinquius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2838"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2839"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terminis motuum primis, ſicut in viuente ſuperius id, vnde alimentum ingreditur, quanquam <lb></lb>in homine cęlum intueatur, in turbinatis, & plantis medium mundi. </s> <s>& quod tibi poſsit perſua<lb></lb>dere magis, id quod in præſentia volumus, etiam alterum eſt ſignificatum ſuperioris apud Ariſto<lb></lb>telem, quod item mirum in modum faciat ad rem noſtram: nam ſuperiora membra dici ſo<lb></lb>lent ab Ariſtotele, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſuper quibus cętera nituntur, vnde humerus eſt brachio ſuperior, & capite <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2840"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceruix, ob id opinor, quia, quæ ſuperiora dicuntur; viciniora ſint principiis motus: vnde etiam <lb></lb>id quod termini rationem obtinet, ſuperius eſſe dicatur, vbicunque ſit: <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> verò termini, & <lb></lb>medium, & vltimum continent. </s> <s>proinde manet aqua in terra, non autem in aëre, & mouetur <lb></lb>ad terram, ad aërem verò non item, aut non ita primò. </s> <s><expan abbr="Valebitq́">Valebitque</expan>. </s> <s>tantùm ille ordo inferiorum <lb></lb>ad ſuperiora, quantum eſt de ratione locationis, beneficio qualitatum quæ vim haberit afficien<lb></lb>di, non autem motricium. </s> <s>Hæc certè explicatio maximè congruere videbitur cum verbis Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelicis. </s> <s>ita enim ſcriptum eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἀνάπαλιν δὲ λέγειν τοῖς μέσοις ἐστὶ, τοῖς δ' ἄκροις οὔ</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2841"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">οἱον ἀέρα μὲν ὐδατι ὑδωρ δὲ γῇ. ἀεὶ γάρ τὸ ἁνώτερον πρὸς τὸ ὑφ' αὐτὸ ὡς εἷδος πρὸς ὑλην. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"><lb></lb>ουτως ἔχει πρὸς ἄλληλα</foreign>. </s> <s>quæ id valent. </s> <s>“Vice autem verſa dicere oportet in mediis: in extre<lb></lb>mis autem nequaquam, vt aërem, quidem aquæ (ſimilem eſſe) aquam verò terræ.” ſemper <pb pagenum="460"></pb>enim quod ſuperius eſt ad id quod ſub ipſo eſt, vt forma ad materiam, ſic ad ſeſe viciſsim habent. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2842"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Si igitur aqua ad terram, vt ad terminum refertur, & ſuperius vt forma ſe habet: cùm terra ſit for<lb></lb>ma: ergo illi ſuperioris attributum conueniet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> videtur habita fuiſſe ratio poſituræ, ſed naturę, <lb></lb>quæ materiam formæ ſubſternit, & illius ſeriei qua priora etiam ſuperiora perhibentur, vt genera <lb></lb>formis. </s> <s>Cęterùm videſis, an ſit aptior interprętatio noſtra. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> fiat motus ſiue <lb></lb>ſurſum ſeu deorſum; terminos ſanè duos in vniuerſo eſſe <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan>; nihilominus id quod ſuperius eſt, <lb></lb>forma inferioris perpetuò permanebit, quemadmodum alibi teſtatum paſsim obſeruamus apud <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem, nec in explicanda re tanti momenti, quę cęteroquin obſcuriſsima ſit, abuſum vo<lb></lb>cis in Ariſtotelis phraſin inſeremus quæ perplexitatem pepererit, & tenebras amplificauerit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dicemus iis ipſis verbis Ariſtot. </s> <s>docuiſſe progreſſum à ſuperioribus ad inferiora naturalem ex <lb></lb>eo cenſendum, quia ſit recurſus formæ ad materiam, de quo 2. lib. multa diſſeruimus, in eo verò <lb></lb>progreſſu licet deteriore terminentur naturæ motiones, eadem ratio cętera ſeruanda eſt. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>& ab illo termino deſumitur nuncupatio, & definitur omnis poteſtas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſimpliciter euenit, vt <lb></lb>præcedentia perfectiora ſint, & tamen deteriore finiantur, & in eo ſolùm diſsimilitudo intercedit, <lb></lb>quòd in progreſſu ad materiam natura properat ad priuationem & non ens; in oppoſito contendit <lb></lb>ad ens. </s> <s>Sed quaſi priuatio ponatur altera forma, naturæ curſus retinetur, & in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> motu ipſius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2843"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratio conſeruatur: illò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt ad terminum ſui motus propendet, & vbi illò peruenerit, ibi etiam re<lb></lb>quieſcit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi non eſt ille motus abſolutè naturalis, non exoptante natura potiſsimè priuatio<lb></lb>nem: at quoquo pacto naturalis eſt & in vniuerſitate expetendus: vt ſit, vnde præſtantium rerum <lb></lb>ortui materia ſuppeditet. </s> <s>Igitur in fine velocior eſt iam materia dominante, & eius eſt finis <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, <lb></lb>qui licèt abſolutè non ſit bonus, quia perinde ac non ens: Non ens enim Dij <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> odio proſe&quun<lb></lb>tur, vt ait Plotinus; attamen, in eo veſtigium aliquod extat boni: quapropter & ea, quæ ad ipſum <lb></lb>inſtituta ſunt, tendunt ad bonum, & quanquam meliora ſimpliciter, vt ad illud inſtituta deteriori <lb></lb>conditione ſunt prædita. </s> <s>non aliter àc ſi ex aqua terram fieri fingamus, & dum fit, eius naturam <lb></lb>ſpectemus; neque enim dubium eſt, dum retinet aquæ naturam adhuc eſſe perfectionem, quàm <lb></lb>ſi terra fuerit, ſed cum eadem, dum fit terra, ſit terra imperfecta, hoc modo ad terram perfectam, <lb></lb>rationem obtinet deterioris. </s> <s>Ita dum confertur aqua cum terra perſeipſam eſt præſtantior, & eius <lb></lb>Iocus notæ melioris, ſed ſi refluxus, & propenſio naturæ, quam materiæ acceptam referre oportet, <lb></lb>aduertatur; iam terra formæ rationem ſubit, & eius locus ad aquæ locum ſe habet vt finis. </s> <s>Proin<lb></lb>de eſt motus ad hunc locum ſicut ad terminum; licet ſuperiora ſint inferiorum formæ, quia hic <lb></lb>non eſt ſimpliciter terminus, & bonum; ſed quatenus terminat recurſum naturę materiam verſus, <lb></lb>cuius meritis circunſpectis, ea quoque, quæ huc properant deteriora reputamus, licet per ſeipſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2844"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præſtent. </s> <s>Ex his inſtar corollarij, ſiquis locum medium cum cęteris comparare voluerit, mea qui<lb></lb>dem ſententia, ſic decernet. </s> <s>locum medium, cui tribuitur continere, quatenus terminat motus à <lb></lb>natura præſcriptos, ſuperare locum aquæ & aëris: omnes enim grauium motus eo terminantur, <lb></lb>ſed ſi diſtantia ſpectetur, per quam vis à cęlo diffuſa impertitur, omnium eſſe detertimum: <lb></lb>maximè enim diſtat ab omnium bonorum datore & à cælo. </s> <s>Neque verò te putare velim eiuſmo<lb></lb>di terminationem & finem in natura afferre perfectionem ſimpliciter; quoniam terminat proceſ<lb></lb>ſum naturæ ad materiam & priuationem, qui certè ſtatus eſt omnium imperfectiſsimus; nihil enim <lb></lb>magis diſtat ab entibus ſupremis, vt cùm vniuerſa gradibus hiſce comprehendantur actu, eo quod <lb></lb>ex actu, potentia, & priuatione; actus omnino primus ſit; prorſus extrema priuatio, ſed in ſuo or<lb></lb>dine duntaxat: perfectionem planè abſolutam præſeferret; ſi terminaret progreſſum naturæ ad <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan>, quod eſt ſolùm loci ſuperioris; hic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt cęlo & Deo vicinior eſt; ſic & cętera loca perfectione <lb></lb>ſuperat, atque bonitate. </s> <s>Sed quid hoc dicet aliquis ad loci definitionem, qua dicitur ſuperficies <lb></lb>corporis continentis, hoc verò eſt ambientis? </s> <s>qua ratione continebit iſte locus, quod eſt centrum, <lb></lb>ſeu medium mundi? </s> <s>Nihil profectò magis à communi hominum ſenſu videtur abhorrere, quòd <lb></lb>contineatur à minore maius, & corpus ab indiuiduo. </s> <s>Aut dicito conuenienter cum ſuperioribus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2845"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locum medium continere, quia ſi non ſeorſum; at ſimul cum altero extremo contineat, quod <lb></lb>etiam mirificè vaſis exemplo nobis fuiſſe deſcriptum veriſimile eſt; quandò ab anguſto in amplum <lb></lb>vaſis figura procedit, & anguſta eius parte medium, ampla verò id quod ſurſum eſt, optimè deſi<lb></lb>gnari poteſt; aut etiam quia terminet grauium motum, neque ab ea definitione quæ tradita eſt 4. <lb></lb>Phyſ. alienum ſic eſt, ſi verborum vis rectè perpendatur; quin in locum hunc noſtrum quadrare <lb></lb>perbellè poſsit, etenim Græcè eſt <foreign lang="grc">πέρας τοῦ περιέχοντος</foreign>. </s> <s>atqui <foreign lang="grc">πέρας</foreign> communiter eſt omnis ter<lb></lb>minus, quòd ſi <foreign lang="grc">τὸ περιέχειν</foreign> eſt continere, & terminare, vt certè eſt; ſecundò transferre licebit eam <lb></lb>definitionem, terminus continentis, ideſt, id extremum, quo terminatur motus naturalis, quæ ſa<lb></lb>nè erit loci naturalis eſſentia, quam ab Ariſt. 4. Phyſ. prætermiſſam putamus, vulgatam loci notio<lb></lb>nem perſequente. </s> <s>Neque profectò ſine motu tradi poterat ea definitio, de quo nihil erat adhuc <lb></lb>actum, quod ſpeciatim pertineret ad naturam; ac niſi generatim locus definitus, atque tractatus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si verò ſeorſum locus hic <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> <expan abbr="dicat̃">dicatur</expan>, planè <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="habet̃">habetur</expan>: <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="pũctus">punctus</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> certè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> magnitudo, quę nulla eſt, ſed virtus <expan abbr="ſpectabit̃">ſpectabitur</expan>, quę linea recta <expan abbr="deſignat̃">deſignatur</expan>, aut ita <expan abbr="deſcri-bet̃">deſcri<lb></lb>betur</expan>, vt fit in ſphęra ductis à <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> lineis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="terminent̃">terminentur</expan> ſuperficie partis illius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in loco eſſe cogitamus? <pb pagenum="461"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2846"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sed, iudicio meo, quantum hoc in deſignando loco cæli facere neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>tantum à terræ partibus <lb></lb>abhorret: ſunt enim partes eius continuæ & in toto; <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> in loco in potentia, niſi fortè refera<lb></lb>tur id ad partes illas quæ mouentur adhuc, vt mediam abſolutè conſequantur: facilè autem ſic ta<lb></lb>lis deſcriptio defendi poterit. </s> <s>Quocirca dicemus, loci definitionem quæ tradita eſt 4. Phyſ. eius <lb></lb>eſſe, qui eſt ſecundùm famam, ſicut aliquandò monebat Auerroës; ad hunc verò noſtrum qui <lb></lb>naturalis eſt; analogicè accommodari. </s> <s>Quod autem dicitur, loci proprietates eſſe continere, & <lb></lb>æqualem eſſe locato. </s> <s>Vt contineat etiam locus hic audiuimus nuper: eſſe verò æqualem, aut dice<lb></lb>mus illius loci proprium eſſe, qui vulgò accipitur: aut æqualitatem eſſe primorum terminorum <lb></lb>coniunctim acceptorum; aut etiam eo, quo dictum eſt modo: ductis lineis à centro; quæ partem, <lb></lb>quæ mouetur, cum eius ſuperficie claudant. </s> <s>Quid ſi etiam dicamus eam conditionem non eſſe <lb></lb>in loco naturali neceſſariam, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſufficere, ſi æqualitas priuatiuè ſumatur, ideſt, quia locus & <lb></lb>id quod eſt in loco, non ſint inæqualia: quoniam ſicut alia corpora quæ ſunt in eo loco, quem fa<lb></lb>ma fert, per ſuperficiem. </s> <s>ita, vt ea quæ eſt locati, ſit æqualis ſuperficiei continentis: ſic grauia ſint in <lb></lb>loco ſecundùm terminum qui quidem medio ipſi non ſit inæqualis? </s> <s>Nolim verò te hànc diſtin<lb></lb>ctionem habere ſuſpectam, cùm ſit Ariſtotelica, cum primò tributa ſit æqualitas infinitis duobus <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quorum quia terminus eſt nullus, iure æqua dici non poſſunt, ſed quoad vnum altero maius mi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2847"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nuſúe non eſt, poſteà duabus vnitatibus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quod item opponitur: locum naturalem ſenſilibus qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2848"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litatibus in ſignitum eſſe, nullam autem huiuſmodi poſſe tribui centro: reſpondemus, eas aut in <lb></lb>loco contineri, vt aiunt, formaliter & actu, aut virtute: tale verò <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> eſſe defendimus ex iis quæ <lb></lb>de ſpatio corporum caducorum vniuersè pro D. Thoma ſuprà diſſeruimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de terræ <expan abbr="gra-uiumq́">gra<lb></lb>uiumque</expan>. </s> <s>omnium loco decernantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2816"></margin.target>a Zimara <lb></lb>Theor. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2817"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2818"></margin.target>b 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2819"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2820"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>ſenſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2821"></margin.target>d 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 99.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2822"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2823"></margin.target>e 4 de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2824"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2825"></margin.target>a Pet. </s> <s>V. <lb></lb>ex lib. de <lb></lb>centro gr. <lb></lb></s> <s>pl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2826"></margin.target>b cod. </s> <s>lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prop. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2827"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2828"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2829"></margin.target>c 4 de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2830"></margin.target>d 2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2831"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2832"></margin.target>e 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 42.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2833"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2834"></margin.target>a Lib. 1. de <lb></lb>his <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> veh. </s> <s><expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <lb></lb>aqs Prop. <lb></lb></s> <s>2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2835"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2836"></margin.target>b Prop. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2837"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2838"></margin.target>c 4. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2839"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2840"></margin.target>d Lib. de <lb></lb>inceſſ. </s> <s>ani<lb></lb>mal.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2841"></margin.target>e 4. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2842"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2843"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2844"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2845"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2846"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2847"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2848"></margin.target>b 13. Met. <lb></lb>c. 8.</s></p> <figure id="fig6"></figure> <figure id="fig7"></figure> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla de definitione grauis & leuis afferuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HINC optimè intelligetur, quid graue ſit, quid etiam leue: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> graue id eſt quod fertur ad <lb></lb>medium mundi per ſe, accidit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illi, vt feratur ad medium terræ: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt infrà, quo grauia <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam aguntur, & vbi ſuapte natura quieſcunt: leue contra, quod à medio mouetur <lb></lb>& ad alterum <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>, quod eſt cęlum, ſiue eius concaua ſuperficies, & dicitur ſuprà. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſuo<lb></lb>pte nixu, <expan abbr="ibidemq́">ibidemque</expan>. </s> <s>manet ex ſuaipſius natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt hæc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint, deorſum moueri ſe<lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, moueri ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> & eſſe graue: ex altera parte ſurſum euehi ſecundùm naturam, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2849"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à medio, & eſſe leue. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus determinetur potiſsimè termino ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>; cenſendum <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, hunc terminum, quae nobis vicinior eſſet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alter extremus, ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe vſurpatum. </s> <s>Tametſi <lb></lb>verò & grauia ad medium & leuia à medio, hoc eſt, ad vltimum ſuapte natura feruntur; nón omnia <lb></lb><expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> grauia <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omnia leuia id quod <expan abbr="vlrimũ">vltimum</expan> eſt, aſſequuntur<gap></gap>. </s> <s>terra ſanè adepta eſt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>; <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi cum aliis corporibus conferatur, in illum magis inhiet & cętera ſemper de loco deturbet: <lb></lb>in partibus appetitus & facultas æqualis, ſed ex <expan abbr="euẽto">euento</expan> inæqualis eius occupatio: veruntamen quæ<lb></lb>que pars, ſi ſubtraheretur inferior, renderet ad centrum, neque ab altera, aut velocitate aut per pen<lb></lb>diculosè vinci pateretur, & quanuis partibus terræ ſublatis; aër etiam & aqua fluerent ad me<lb></lb>dium; at quælibet pars terræ cęteris paribus in aqua deſcenderet. </s> <s>Ita de igni <expan abbr="partibuſq́">partibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſius, <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> eſt de aſcenſu, dicere oportet. </s> <s>Ideò duplex inde grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>genus exortum eſt, eorum <lb></lb>quæ ſimpliciter & illorum quæ <expan abbr="cõparatè">comparatè</expan> talia ſunt: ac, ſi cum grauibus conferantur, habentur pro<lb></lb>leuibus, ſi verò cum leuibus grauia reputantur: quanuis aqua aërem ſuperet grauitate. </s> <s>Verùm quae <lb></lb>grauia & leuia nomine quidem eodem, ſed diſpari ſignificato nuncupantur; ad faciliorem intelli<lb></lb>gentiam ſic dicamus. </s> <s>Id quod eſt tale ſimpliciter, nomine proprio notari quod ſignificet exuperan<lb></lb>tiam, & grauiſsimum, aut leuiſsimum dici. </s> <s>cętera quæ media ſunt, exprimi voce quæ minuat vim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2850"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſignificati, cùm vocentur talia quodammodo, & cùm <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> definitione potiantur, quòd ad me<lb></lb>dium, vel à medio mouentur: ad conſtituendam inter illa differentiam, ſigillatim quoque propria <lb></lb>definitione declarantur: grauiſsimum quidem, quod aptum eſt natura ſubſidere, <foreign lang="grc">ὑφιζάνειν</foreign> Græci <lb></lb>dicunt, omnibus iis quæ deorſum feruntur: contrà leuiſsimum, quod euolat ſuprà omnia quæ <lb></lb>ſurſum moueri ſunt idonea. </s> <s>Græci vocant <foreign lang="grc">ἠπ́ιπ̓ολάζειν</foreign>: in qua definitione ſolùm comprehendi<lb></lb>tur habilitas: nam ſiue moueantur, ſiue maneant extra propria loca, ſic mouentur, quia moueri <lb></lb>poſſunt, & manent opera impedientis; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſi auferretur à medio, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouerentur: quare <lb></lb>optimè ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan> eſt, graue & leue ſignificare facultates: quæ ſanè reapſe diſtinguan<lb></lb>tur, vnde occaſionem ſumpſerit Ariſt. </s> <s>decernendi de numero corporum ſimplicium, quæ tamen in <lb></lb>vno quodam conueniant quod ſit ad vnum: neque enim ratio par̀ velocitatis motus, & loci repe<lb></lb>titur in iis quæ ſimpliciter talia ſunt, & in his quæ quodammodo. </s> <s>quòd ſi de duobus meminit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>infrequenter Ariſtoteles; hoc ideò factum eſt, quòd deductio in ſingula membra, tum nullius mo<lb></lb>menti fuerit habita. </s> <s>Quanquam verò quiſpiam oppoſitum approbare conabitur. </s> <s>Et quòd idem <lb></lb>iudicium faciendum ſit de repugnantia & ratione corporum & derepugnantia & ratione loco<lb></lb>rum; aquam verò ſimpliciter igni eſſe contrariam, terræ aërem: ergo & aquæ locum ſimplici<lb></lb>ter opponi loco ignis, & locum aëris loco terræ. </s> <s>quare nec medius locus erit extremo contrarius. <pb pagenum="462"></pb>Et quia principia grauium <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> eadem, eadem leuium eſſe videantur. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> iidem termini mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2851"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus. </s> <s>Conuexio verò perſpicua fit ex hoc; quoniam ab eadem cauſſa, quatenus eadem eſt, exoritur <lb></lb>ſemper idem effectus: eandem verò cauſſam leuitatis eſſe in aëre & igni, & grauitatis in aqua & ter<lb></lb>ra dicimus: quia cauſſa leuitatis eſt calor, qui in aëre & igni <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> ineſt: grauitatis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> frigus, quod <lb></lb>pariter ineſt in aqua & terra. </s> <s>Et prætereà quia ſequeretur in aëre vaporem non aſcenſurum: nam <lb></lb>vapor, quoniam calidus & humidus obtinet aëream leuitatem: aut igitur ea leuitas eſt eiuſdem ſpe<lb></lb>ciei cum leuitate ignis, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>: ſi primum detur, habeo quod volo: ſi verò <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="cõcedatur">concedatur</expan>: ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>aſcendet in aëre: nulla <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vis motrix incitat in proprio loco ſecundùm naturam, ſed ad quietem ſo<lb></lb>lummodò conducit. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> pertinet ad primam illam oppoſitionem; meminiſſe oportet duas <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> elementorum; alteram qua ſunt partes principes vniuerſi; & qua ſunt obnoxia principiis <lb></lb>motus: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram, qua ſunt principia mixtorum, & habent alterandi facultatem, nunc calor & <lb></lb>frigus ſunt primæ elementorum virtutes, & vnde reliquæ <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> emanant: quæ ſic à cęlo <expan abbr="tribuũtur">tribuuntur</expan>, vt <lb></lb>calor ſit habitus, frigus verò priuatio: & illo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ordine, vt quod vicinius eſt cęlo ſit, calidius; quod <lb></lb>longius abeſt, frigidius: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> terra frigidiſsima. </s> <s>Nam quanuis aquæ frigiditas acrius vrgeat ſenſum; <lb></lb>non eſt idcirco intentior: ſed apparet <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, quia facilius applicatur ad organum ſenſus. </s> <s>ex calore <lb></lb>naſcitur leuitas, ex frigore grauitas & immobilitas, cùm ergo res ita ſe habeat, terræ natura magis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2852"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliena eſt à natura ignis quàm àquæ natura, ſed cùm ſpectantur elementa, quatenus initia miſtionis <lb></lb>& alterationis, quæ non modo ſunt calor & frigus; ſed aliæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> virtutes vnà quas patibiles <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> <lb></lb>ſiccitas, inquam, & humor: elementa extrema vnius ſecum pugnant, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vnum medium cum altero <lb></lb>extremo. </s> <s>Proinde dixit Alexander, tametſi ignis & aqua ſunt magis contraria per qualitates quæ p<lb></lb>tinent ad alterationem: reuera <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> extrema ſecundùm naturam magis contraria ſunt. </s> <s>ac probe ſane: <lb></lb>quandoquidem natura conſtituitur principium motus, quæ latio potiſsimum eſt. </s> <s>quapropter ab op<lb></lb>poſitione lationum quæ maxima eſt inter ignem & terram, de repugnantia naturæ iudicium fieri <lb></lb>debuit. </s> <s>Hæc verò ſic perſpicuè traduntur, vt hîc <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> certiſsima ſumi poſsint. </s> <s>Hanc ergo repugnan<lb></lb>tiam ea conſequitur, quæ locorum eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non licèt argumentari ab oppoſitione qualitatum quæ <lb></lb>reſpiciunt alterationem, ad repugnantiam quæ loco tribuenda eſt; ſed planè ab ea quæ inter motri<lb></lb>ces facultates intercedit. </s> <s>Idcirco extrema ſunt in locis contrariis, quae habent naturas contrarias; reli<lb></lb>qua per qualitates, quæ pertinent ad alterationem ſolummodò contraria ſunt: quare non neceſſe <lb></lb>eſt, ſi fuerint contraria ſimpliciter, illa item eſſe in loco grauium leuium'ue ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> eadem <lb></lb>prorſus principia ſunt grauitatis & leuitatis ſimpliciter, ſed ordine quodam, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan>: <lb></lb>non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> igneæ leuitatis initium eſt <expan abbr="oīs">omnis</expan> caliditas: ſed ea quę iam cœpit inducere ſiccitatem, & acrior fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2853"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cta eſt <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mordacior: ſic frigiditas illa èx qua humor <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> expreſſus eſt, principium & terrenæ gra<lb></lb>uitatis. </s> <s>Quod verò obiectum fuit de vapore, cui tribuimus aëream leuitatem. </s> <s>Hic animaduertamus <lb></lb>de natura vaporis. </s> <s>Primùm quidem quae propriè vapor, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> aſſumit igneam leuitatem, ſed exhala<lb></lb>tio ſola, quæ eſt halitus ſiccus: deinde eſto, vt poſsit illam quoquo pacto aſſumere, vtputa, ſi cum <lb></lb>exhalatione iungatur; <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> exhalatio ſine vllo humore non accenditur: eſt quoddam <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>, <lb></lb>& fit adhuc: at, dum ſubſtantia fit, poteſt item vltęriorem perfectionem adipiſci. </s> <s>quapropter etiam<lb></lb>ſi pręditus ſit nunc aërea leuitate; at calore & ſiccitate proficiens, igneam leuitatem ſibi comparà<lb></lb>bit. </s> <s>idcirco vbi aſcendit in aëre: non quatenus aër eſt, id facit, ſed quatenus fit ignis. </s> <s>Adde item, quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>locus aëris habet latitudinem, vnde partes quæ ſunt abſolutiores, altius euehuntur. </s> <s>Nil igitur mi<lb></lb>rum, ſi vapor nondum abſolutus adhuc in aëris loco moueatur; <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> delatus fuerit in eum lo<lb></lb>cum, vbi purus aër conſiſtit. </s> <s>Ita ergo concluditur loca <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan>, duo quidem eſſe genere, qua<lb></lb>tuor autem ſpecie, ſeu, ſi rectius dicere malis, duo quidem tanquam prima ad vnum, binas autem <lb></lb>ſingulorum partes.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2854"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2849"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2850"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2851"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2852"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2853"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2854"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd graue & leue ſecundùm naturam talia ſint, non comparatè. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI graue eſt id quod ad medium, leue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod à medio fertur, patet <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> grauiter à Platone pec<lb></lb>catum ſit, & inter Peripatericos à Themiſtio; qui, quanuis in cęteris Ariſtoteli fuerit aſſenſus, in <lb></lb>hoc vno <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab ipſo deſciuit: in definitione grauis & leuis. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> expoſuerunt graue, quod ſuapte na<lb></lb>tura aliquò vergeret, & contra leue id quod inde ſuopte impulſu diſcederet. </s> <s>ideò cùm ignis ęgrè re<lb></lb>tineatur, & ſponte euolet ex hoc loco; dicitur leuis; terra, quoniam ad nos prorepit, nominatur gra<lb></lb>uis. </s> <s>ita ſiquis eſſet in ſphęra ignis, quoniam illò propenſionem obtinui: ibi grauis eſſe diceretur, ter<lb></lb>ra verò, quae illinc ſponte diſcederet, appellaretur leuis. </s> <s>Quocirca apud, Platonem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Themiſtium <lb></lb>graue & leue nihil erat abſolutè, ſed comparatè tantùm. </s> <s>Apud Ariſt. </s> <s>verò eſt grauè & leue ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, tanquam natura quædam, habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc in ſeipſis velut igniculo quoſdam motus, atque illos <lb></lb>quidem per quos ad certa loca perpetuò concitentur quæ certe ſunt à natura, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poſitione dun<lb></lb>taxat, & vt dicit Ariſt. </s> <s>ad nos. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & effectuum varietas quæ naſcitur ab eiuſmodi locis, aliquid <lb></lb>ea eſſe ſignificat à natura: & quae ab iis mobilia perficiantur, ſicut à cęterís formis ad quas aguntur: & <lb></lb>quae non quodlibet mouet in <expan abbr="quẽlibet">quellibet</expan> locum <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> mobile, ſed leuificum, vt ita dicam, mouet <lb></lb>id quod poteſtate tale eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud quidem ſurſum, non aliò: <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> perpetuò, niſi quid obſtet, & ſua <pb pagenum="463"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2855"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſius propria, non autem aliena virtute, <expan abbr="quẽadmodum">quenadmodum</expan> in alio quolibet motu, & ſecundùm quan<lb></lb>tum & quale, & ſi quod eſt aliud prædicamentum, ſecundùm quod fit motus. </s> <s>vt .ſ. </s> <s>à contrariis in <expan abbr="cõ-traria">con<lb></lb>traria</expan> fiat motus, ac per media & his agentib. in hæc, nec in quælibet <expan abbr="quibuſcunq.">quibuſcunque</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id natura <expan abbr="cõ-paratum">con<lb></lb>paratum</expan> eſt, vt <expan abbr="oīa">omnia</expan> hæc naturalia ſint, & agentia & patientia, media <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & termini; progreſſus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>ab vno ad alium terminum: ſic de latione <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>principiis actu, poteſtate, & terminis ſtatuendum <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>Non igitur poſitione ſolùm, quemadmodum Plato dicebat, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & ſupra & infrà & graue <lb></lb>& leue ſunt natura: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſe in loco ſuperiore eſt natura cuiuſdam; ſic & alterius eſt eſſe in loco in<lb></lb>feriore: & eius quod ſuperius eſſe poteſt, ſuprà, infrà verò eius quod eſſe poteſt in infimo loco: illud <lb></lb>erat leue: hoc verò graue. </s> <s>Nam quae ſuprà & infrà ſint termini motuum rectorum, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> dubitatum <lb></lb>eſt apud eos qui mundum fecere finitum: quanuis illud dubitatum ſit, vtrùm in cęlo ſint differentię <lb></lb>poſituræ natura ipſa diſtinctæ nec'ne, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuo loco dicetur, ac demonſtrabitur <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item illic <lb></lb>poſitione ſoluta, ſed natura plures eſſe poſituræ differentias. </s> <s>Natura <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quæ leue facit, aut graue, ca<lb></lb>lidum eſt & frigidum, ſiue actu, ſeu virtute: nam calidum extenuat & attollit, frigidum cogit & de<lb></lb>primit. </s> <s>Ex quo de naturis eorum quæ ſic afficiuntur, ita iudicare licet; vt, quemadmodum calidum <lb></lb>præſefert rationem actus, priuationis verò <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>: ſic leue ſit actus; graue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vim ſubeat oppoſitę <lb></lb>priuationis. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſicut inter actus eſt ordo quidam, ſic inter priuationis: & ex his aliqua prior, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2856"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alia poſterior eſt: quamobrem ſicuti prior actus eſt ratio ſecundi; conſimiliter priuatio prior haben<lb></lb>da eſt analogicè ratio poſterioris. </s> <s>Ex hoc verò efficitur, vt grauitas terræ quæ eſt priuatio primi gra<lb></lb>dus, ſit vt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> grauitatis aquæ quæ eſt gradus ſecundi: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> quod ſpectat ad motum, terra erit natura <lb></lb>prior <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>motum aquæ optimo iure terminabit: tametſi, quantum eſt de gradib. actus <lb></lb>quià primo ente deriuantur, aqua eſt longè prior, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectior. </s> <s>Proin aqua item ſic iudicari pote<lb></lb>rit locus terræ: erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terræ perfectio, quippe nobiliorib. inſignita qualitatib. Sed, cùm locus per ſe <lb></lb>ſit terminus motus, longè prius & antiquius eſt, <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> eſſe locum aquæ. </s> <s>Ergo leue & graue ſunt duæ <lb></lb>formæ à natura conſtitutæ, non ad nos, vt cenſuit Plato; quapropter, quemadmodum reliquę formę <lb></lb>ſe habent, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> has ſe habere oportebit. </s> <s>At verò in cęteris formis poteſtas duplex obſeruatur, altera <lb></lb>per quam exiſtunt in materia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera per quam erumpunt in actus ſecundos: idem nunc de gra<lb></lb>ui & leui dicendum eſt. </s> <s>Nam ſi graue & leue <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> <expan abbr="frigidumq́">frigidumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõſequuntur">conſequuntur</expan>, planum quae id quod ca<lb></lb>lidum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> item eſſe leue, & id quod eſt poteſtate frigidum, itidem poteſtate graue eſt: qua<lb></lb>re poteſtas <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ad motus & loca naturalia in calido <expan abbr="frigidoq́">frigidoque</expan>. </s> <s>radices egiſſe videtur. </s> <s>Ob id igitur, ſi<lb></lb>cut eadem eſt calidi <expan abbr="frigidiq́">frigidique</expan>. </s> <s>materia; ſic eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> grauis & leuis, ſed illorum primò, horum verò ex con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2857"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecutione. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex frigido calidum <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, quòd erat poteſtate ſic, inquit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quare & paruitas & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2858"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>magnitudo cuiuſpiam ſenſilis molis, “non inſuper aliquid accipiente materia extenditur, ſed quia po<lb></lb>teſtate eſt materia <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> quare eſt idem rarum & denſum, & vna materia ipſorum eſt. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ip<lb></lb>ſum quidem denſum graue, rarum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> leue.” Vbi etiam vides naturam à frigido per denſum, à calido <lb></lb>per rarum, graue & leue efficere: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> raritas calidi, frigidi verò denſitas eſt propago. </s> <s>Quòd verò per<lb></lb>tinet ad actum ſecundùm, graue, & leue ſunt poteſtates, per quas res ita comparatur in certo quo<lb></lb>dam loco eſſe queunt, nec in loco ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> in loco naturali, quippe quae ſint ſenſiles formę, & à <lb></lb>formis ſenſilib. ortum ducant: & cùm certum locum aſſequantur per motus naturales: eſſe in loco <lb></lb>ſuo naturali præcipuus erit eorum actus origine prior, & natura poſterior erit motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hi qui<lb></lb>dem actus ad categoriam ipſius vbi referentur, nihilominus à forma ſubſtantiæ non ſegregabuntur <lb></lb>eo modo quem anteà ſignificauimus, dum de ſecundi actus ingenio verba faceremus. </s> <s>& motus qui<lb></lb>dem propter mutata eſſe, ac locus, quia formę complementum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> graue & leue in naturis opti<lb></lb>mè numerari valent. </s> <s>Hæc cùm ſit grauis <expan abbr="leuisq́">leuisque</expan>. </s> <s>natura non rectè ea definiri poterunt, quae ex pluribus <lb></lb>paucioribus'ue partib. <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> ſint. </s> <s>immo nihil obſtabit, quae in maiore corpore ſint partes multò plu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2859"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res, leuius <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> exiſtat: ſed illud potius erit graue cenſendum, quod eaſdem partes ſimul habet <expan abbr="cõcre-tas">concre<lb></lb>tas</expan>, quas antea leue habuerat diſsipatas: <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae leuitas & grauitas ita ſumptæ, non erunt ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, verùm & illę comparatè, cùm tamen ex his ſimpliciter in natura ſint, quippe quae calidum & fri<lb></lb>gidum in natura ſumma reperiantur, vt vltra eos terminos non conſiſtant, & denſitas & raritas: er<lb></lb>go & grauitas item ac leuitas, ita, vt, ſicut in mundo extrema reipſa ſunt infimum & ſupremum in <lb></lb>quib. hæc ſecundùm naturam manent, ſic & illa ſumma reperiantur. </s> <s>Sed hæc mox plurib. agentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inde omnia concinunt, & mirabilis eſt rerum contextus, ac reſpondent extrema primis, media vtriſ<lb></lb>que, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> omnib. optimo ordine à ſummo rerum opifice diſpenſata. </s> <s>nec præter hunc ipſum infimum <lb></lb>locum, qui eſt medium mundi, grauiſsimum quieſcere poteſt, nec præter ſupremum illud, quod eſt <lb></lb>cęli concauum, alibi ſimpliciter leue conſiſtere valet: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vbi contra vllum aliud <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſimpliciter le<lb></lb>ue, vt nihil aliud apud nos <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> graue ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Et extrema igitur & media ſecundùm naturam ſua <lb></lb>loca ſortita ſunt, non ſanè quę ſint huiuſmodi ex inſtituto, aut propter aliam quandam <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2855"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2856"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2857"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2858"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 84.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2859"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra veteres, qui ſolùm cauſſas grauis & leuis comparatè perquiſiuerint. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>APPARET igitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> grauiter ij ceciderint qui graui quidem & leui de medio ſublatis graui<lb></lb>us <expan abbr="leuiuſq́">leuiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>poſuerunt, illud ſic definientes. </s> <s>quoniam conſtaret è plurib. hoc verò quòd ex pau <pb pagenum="464"></pb>ciorib. ita vt, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aurum quod maioris eſt molis, maius habet pondus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod mino<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2860"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ris eſt; ſic & id quod ſecundùm naturam ponderoſius eſt: & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> virtutis exuperantia duas habeat oc<lb></lb>caſiones; alteram quidem ex profectu materiæ & adeptione poteſtatis: & <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> multitudinem eiuſ<lb></lb>dem materiæ: illam accipiunt ſolùm ex multitudine partium quæ ſunt eiuſdem rationis, & cùm in <lb></lb>materia, tùm in forma conueniunt, quemadmodum ſi forent Geometræ, apud quos & id quod ſu<lb></lb>peratur, & id quod ſuperat, & quo: ſemper vnius materiæ <expan abbr="rationesq́">rationesque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt: negligant verò materiæ <lb></lb>profectum, in quo multum de munerib. exequendis eſt poſitum. </s> <s>Sed progrediamur vlterius & ſi<lb></lb>gillatim ſpectamus quid ſinguli profeſsi fuerint, vt ſeorſum confutari queant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>ſtatuerunt <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <lb></lb>vniuſmodi grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>primordia. </s> <s>Siquidem Plato triangula grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>poſuerit ele<lb></lb>menta. </s> <s>Alij verò Platone quidem vetuſtiores; attamen nouis modis, nec vnquam excogitatis de ip<lb></lb>ſorum natura decreuere: illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conficiebant ex pleno & vacuo, plenum grauitatis, vacuum verò le<lb></lb>uitatis cauſſam eſſe dicentes. </s> <s>Cùm igitur corpus quoddam plus in ſe pleni contineret, graue ipſum <lb></lb>eſſe teſtabantur, cùm verò contra plus vacui, leue. </s> <s>Horum caput Democritus cuius ſimia fuit Epi<lb></lb>curus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex ipſo Lucretius.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2860"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Denique cur alias aliis præstare videmus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Pondere res rebus nihilo maiore figuræ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nam ſi tantundem eſt in lanę glomere quantum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2861"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2861"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Corporis in plumbo eſt, tantundem pondere par est<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Corporis officium quoniam eſt premere omnia deorſum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra autem natura manet ſine corpore inanis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Neque defuerunt etiam, qui graue & leue tenuitate <expan abbr="craſsitieq́">craſsitieque</expan>. </s> <s>definirent; leue illud exiſtimantes <lb></lb>quod tenue foret, graue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod craſſum. </s> <s>Sed quàm verè nunc videamus, Ac planum ſanè ſi confi<lb></lb>ciamus hæc è triangulis, nullum fore locum graui & leui ſimpliciter, hoc autem illud eſt, quod per<lb></lb>petuò tale eſt, & cum <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> collocatum ſemper eſt tale, cuiuſmodi ignem eſſe perſpicimus, aut <lb></lb>terram. </s> <s>quandoquidem terra <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> locorum & ſemper eſt grauis, & ignis <expan abbr="cõſimiliter">conſimiliter</expan> eſt leuis. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſi è pauciorib. triangulis terra conſtaret, profectò leuis eſſet, <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo ſi è plurib. ignis eſſet con<lb></lb>flatus, obtineret grauitatem. </s> <s>Sed nos, quo maior eſt moles ignis, eam multò celerius euehi perſpici<lb></lb>mus: <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione quo maior eſſet, deorſum facilius agitari deberet, multitudine illa triangulo<lb></lb>rum pondus afferent. </s> <s>atqui <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> ſe res habet: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> minus eſt, celerius & facilius agitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quod <lb></lb>maius. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>merito <expan abbr="iureq́">iureque</expan>. </s> <s>optimo, quando deorſum vi pellitur: at id quod violat, efficacius agit in <lb></lb>id quod minus eſt, & vicinius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in maius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> longinquius;. </s> <s>Rurſus ſi è triangulis elementa omnia <arrow.to.target n="marg2862"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conflantur: ſed ex his hæc leuiora; grauiora <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illa; quòd hæc è pauciorib. è plurib. illa componun<lb></lb>tur, poterit <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> aër offendi, qui longè grauior ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua. </s> <s>eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt illæ maioris ſit molis; è plu<lb></lb>rib. triangulis erit compactus: at quod eſt huiuſmodi, grauius ſit neceſſe eſt: nihilominus aër eſt per<lb></lb>petuò leuior, quantæ vis ipſe ſit molis, vt quantus <expan abbr="q̃tus">quantus</expan> ille fuerit, ex aqua ſemper enatet. </s> <s>Id bullæ <lb></lb>monſtrant, quæ ad eius ſuperficiem euehuntur, vt, niſi fortè dum fit, vel à calore cęleſti qui <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb>generationis in mari <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſpontaneis ſuppeditat, vel ex animalium in aqua degentium motu & <lb></lb>perſpiratu, non aliter ibi aërem eſſe credendum ſit: ſed nihilominus iugiter efferetur ad aquæ ſuper<lb></lb>ficiem. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolùm erit ſuperſtes, quòd aſsiduè gignitur: ac ſiqua machina ſuppetat ad eum <expan abbr="tollendũ">tollendum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt ne minimum quidem eius veſtigium relinquatur, continuò glacies fiet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non inculcatur in <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>dicta repugnantia quam Galenus illi oppoſuit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia nunc aërem in aqua collocarit, & eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2863"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>expreſsione glaciem fieri teſtatus ſit: aliàs in aëre aquam eſſe neget. </s> <s>Nam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex aëris abſentia gla<lb></lb>ciem conſtitui voluit, ſed ex omnimodi caloris expiratione, & factum in aqua conſiſtere voluit, <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>qui fieret, in eo loco adhuc verſari negare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> potuit, qui item adſcenderet ad aquæ ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>redeamus ad rem. </s> <s>Fieret item, vt ſi è primis eiſdem, hoc eſt, ex elementis eiuſdem rationis <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2864"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtarent, ea quæ ſunt æqualis magnitudinis, ponderis item paria momenta habere oporteret: nunc li<lb></lb>gnum molis eiuſdem plumbo leuius eſt. </s> <s>Nil igitur abſurdius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> gráuia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>corpora è triangulis <lb></lb>ſolis conſtitueret. </s> <s>Ob eam igitur cauſſam nonnulli grauia & leuia è duplici natura componebant, al<lb></lb>tera quidem, quod plenum foret, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera, quod eſſet inane. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="multorũ">multorum</expan> problematum cauſſas af<lb></lb>ferre conabantur, vtputa, cur nonnulla, tametſi parua, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> grauiora, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alia multa ſint quæ ſunt longè <lb></lb>maiora, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id ex eo proficiſcitur, quae in illo maiore quod leuius eſt, vacui multum intercipitur, in <lb></lb>minore verò parum, ſeruata nihilominus quadam <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> vacui ad plenum vt, ſi vacuum multum ſit, <lb></lb>ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> parum ſit pleni, & contrà, ſin id minus, profectò ſequeretur, vt <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> auri <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> vel mi<lb></lb>nimo igni leuius eſſet, in multo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> auro plus ineſſet vacui, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in minimo igni: ſed plus grauitatis in au<lb></lb>ro reperitur, quia multò plus habet pleni, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita quicquid Auerroës ipſe dixerit, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm in ſimplici<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2865"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus, tùm in compoſitis, ponderis & leuitatis cauſſas aſsignare poſſunt. </s> <s>ac grauitatis quidem ex ple<lb></lb>no, leuitatis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex vacuo. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omnino cauſſas hi leuis & grauis ſimpliciter attulerunt. </s> <s>propte<lb></lb>reà quae accipiamus ignim in quo plus multò dicunt inanis eſſe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pleni, quid prohibet ipſum tantæ mo<lb></lb>lis eſſe, vt beneficio pleni paruam aliquam terræ <expan abbr="portionẽ">portionem</expan> ſuperet? </s> <s>ergo & ea grauior exiſtet. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi fortè reſpondeant: ſicut ignis ille beneficio pleni ſuperat terram, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> merito vacui ſuperatur ab <lb></lb>ipſa. </s> <s>Ergo, inquam ego, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit id graue ſimpliciter, ſed ſemper collatione conſiſtet: quia .ſ. </s> <s>aut plus <pb pagenum="465"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2866"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habebit pleni, aut vacui minuti, ſi verò primum ex his detur: exiſtet aliqua tertę portiuncula quæ <lb></lb>minus habeat pleni, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maxima multitudo ignis. </s> <s>illo igitur igni leuior ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Quod ſi alterum <lb></lb>maluit, cùm poſsit reperiri terra quæ vacui plus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ignis obtineat, ergo erit ipſa leuior igni, & deor<lb></lb>ſum feretur, cùm tamen id leuitate vincat quod eſt leue ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Fieri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non poteſt hoc, quae ſim<lb></lb>pliciter leui nil leuius datur. </s> <s>Licet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> leuiori poſsit aliquid eſſe leuius, nam leuius idem <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> va<lb></lb>let, ac <expan abbr="min9">minus</expan> graue, at leui ſimpliciter nil eſt <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> leuius. </s> <s>Dicet aliquis fortaſſe pro illis, <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> iſtas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>nihil fallaciæ continere, ſiquidem à coniunctis ad diuiſa cietur, aut à ſecundùm quid ad ſimplici<lb></lb>ter ita dicendo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> accipitur plenum & vacuum ſeorſum quę <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſimul & cum aliqua conditio<lb></lb>ne, hæc verò eſt eorum proportio, fuerant aſſumenda. </s> <s>Atqui <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc fuga eos expedit ex imminen<lb></lb>te periculo, quando in maiore minor'ue igni poteſt eadem eſſe ratio pleni ad vacuum, exemplig. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſubſeptupla, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ignis maior multò citius concitatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> minor. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de grauib. iudicare opor<lb></lb>tet: ſi grauitatis cauſſam velint afferre proportionem vacui ad plenum. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, ſi vacuum <lb></lb>eſt aſcenſus initium, cur & ipſum per ſe non aſcendit, ſed manet immobile? </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hanc in vacui pro<lb></lb>prietatib. numerari docuimus. </s> <s>Sed demus illud ferri ſurſum, & plenum deorſum: & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ita <expan abbr="cõ-ponentia">con<lb></lb>ponentia</expan> ferantur, compoſita item ex his, pro alterutrius victoria ferri: in methodo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> analyti<lb></lb>ca peccatum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>lationum cauſſas in compoſitis, ſed in componentibus quærere oportebat. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2867"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Siquidem pendeat vniuerſa notitia compoſitorum ex <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> intelligentia ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="cõponuntur">componuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>primordiorum. </s> <s>quapropter aut de compoſitis cauſſa reddi non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> primordiis ignoratis, aut ſi ea<lb></lb>dem eſt in <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> cauſſa, ſuperuacanea eſt quæſtio de <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>. </s> <s>Adde <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> illud, ſi <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> deorſum <expan abbr="cõ-citatur">con<lb></lb>citatur</expan>, vacuum verò ſurſum; compoſitum diſſoluetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> partes eandem propenſionem <lb></lb>accipiet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>hæc principia coëunt in vnam formam quæ vires <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> præſeferat, vt ipſi vo<lb></lb>lunt, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> primordia propriam naturam <expan abbr="cõſeruant">conſeruant</expan>. </s> <s>Erit prætereà locus in loco: dum vacuo, quod <lb></lb>inſtar eſt loci, tribuitur tendere ſurſum quod eſt properare in quendam locum. </s> <s>& locus inferior aſ<lb></lb>ſignatur, vnde fertur. </s> <s>Oportebat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reddere rationem: quapropter vacuum moueretur. </s> <s>non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicere <lb></lb>poſſumus propriam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> ipſius eſſe naturam, cùm <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueatur, quod à vacuo maxi<lb></lb>mo interuallo ſeiunctum eſt. </s> <s>etenim affectio <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> hæc eſt, cauſſa <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> propria foret. </s> <s>Omnino verò & ij <lb></lb>qui graue & leue craſſo definiuerunt, eo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> ſunt accuſandi quia cauſſas ſimpliciter grauis & leuis <lb></lb>reddere nequeant: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item cur inter ſimpliciter talia quædam media ſint, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cur illa grauitate <lb></lb>& leuitate diſtinguantur, vt, quae aër ſit grauior aqua. </s> <s>Nam quanuis iſti magis reddere poſsint differen<lb></lb>tias inter quattuor corpora ſimplicia, vtputa, quia terra ſuperet reliqua <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> craſsitie partium, <lb></lb>ignis verò tenuitate; ideò leuiſsimus hic, illa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> grauiſsima: deinceps aqua tenuuior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra, craſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2868"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſior <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aëre, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic igni. </s> <s>proptereà leuior aqua eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra, & grauior aëre: hunc autem leuitate ſu<lb></lb>perat ignis. </s> <s>Attamen & ipſis inſtar idem periculum: quia non erat eorum natura diuerſa propenſis <lb></lb>omnib. eorum partib. ad eundem terminum, ac magnitudine vel paruitate ſolummodò diſcrepan<lb></lb>tib. Quare non hoc ſurſum tendit ſecundùm naturam, illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> deorſum: ſed omnia ſurſum ſimul, <lb></lb>aut contra: at hæc eminent & antecedunt ſolùm, iſta relinquuntur à tergo, aut quæ plurium ſunt <lb></lb>partium, è priore loco illa <expan abbr="excludũt">excludunt</expan> quę ſunt pauciorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> itidem ſi plures ſint ignis maximi par<lb></lb>tes, & plures <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> modicæ terræ, grauiorem ignem terra eſſe <expan abbr="cõtinget">continget</expan>. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ſint abſurdiſsima, nos <lb></lb>etiam excitarunt ad inueniendam propriam grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>naturam, cuius auxilio liceat om<lb></lb>nes obiectiones è medio tollere, & ad vniuerſa quę de illis quæri ſolent, problemata reſpondere.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2862"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2863"></margin.target>d Lib. de <lb></lb>vſu reſp.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2864"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2865"></margin.target>b 4. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2866"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2867"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2868"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm definitio grauis & leuis per motum tradita ſit, an per quietem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC quæ ſimpliciter talia ſunt, vti dictum eſt, nomine exuperantiam notante exprimuntur; <lb></lb>cùm grauiſsima & leuiſsima <expan abbr="dicãtur">dicantur</expan>: quanquam & hæc <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> poſitiuo ſatis aptè ſignificari poſ<lb></lb>ſunt, quando <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſitiuum <expan abbr="inſtitutũ">inſtitutum</expan> eſt ad ſignificandum id quod primò & ſummè tale eſt. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2869"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>facilius noſtra mens aſſequitur id, quod primo & ſummè tale eſt, cùm collatione facta cum iis quæ <lb></lb>non ſunt eiuſmodi, grauiſsima & leuiſsima quę talem collationem præſeferunt, definita ſunt. </s> <s>Gra<lb></lb>uiſsimi definitio fuit hæc <foreign lang="grc">τὸ πᾶσιν ὑφιστάμενον τοῖς χάτω φερομένοις</foreign> .i. </s> <s>quod omnibus ſubſidit, <lb></lb>quæ deorſum feruntur. </s> <s>Leuiſsimi verò, <foreign lang="grc">τὸ πασῖν ἐπιπολαζον τοῖς ἄνω φερομέγοις</foreign>. </s> <s>quod eſt, quod <lb></lb>euehitur ſupra omnia quæ ſurſum feruntur. </s> <s>Alias <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> grauis & leuis ſimpliciter allatas eſſe perſpi<lb></lb>cimus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc ita definitum eſt, quod ſurſum fertur & ad extremum. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod deorſum, <lb></lb>fertur & ad medium. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> multa ad horum definitiones pertinentia, tùm de ſenſu & veritate, tùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de ipſarum formula quæſita fuiſſe animaduertimus quæ tacitis præterire non licet. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>ſuſpicari poſſet quiſpiam, non eandem viam tenuiſſe Philoſophum in grauiſsimo & leuiſsimo, ac <lb></lb>graui & leui definiendis, quanuis graue & leue ſimpliciter idem reipſa ſint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> grauiſsimum & le<lb></lb>uiſsimum: quippe quae graue & leue per motum definita fuerint, contra ea quæ maximè ſunt huiuſ<lb></lb>modi, per quietem definita fuiſſe credatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae definitionis officium illud eſſe conſtat, vt nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>ante oculos ipſam rem cum ſumma perfectione ponat: quoniam rei naturam explicare debeat, at<lb></lb>que id quidem per cauſſas, & vt dici ſolet, à priori: at tum rei natura exiſtit, vbiiam adepta eſt per<lb></lb>fectionem, quæ item cauſſa eſt præſtantiſsima & omnium prima. </s> <s>Cęterùm talis eſt ea definitio, quę <pb pagenum="466"></pb>traditur per quietem: ſiquidem quies ſit finis omnis motus naturalis: quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouetur; idcir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2870"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>co mouetur, vt ad finem ſui motus perueniat, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> conſecutum fuerit illam formam, ad quam <lb></lb>propendebat, & cuius habebat poteſtatem: in talem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formam inſtituitur, quicquid ſecundùm na<lb></lb>turam mouetur. </s> <s>cum ceſſat motus, & vniuerſus naturæ conatus; qui ex loco potiſsimè cognoſcitur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> tum forma eſt omnib. numeris & partib. abſoluta <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfecta quæ iam ad actum <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan>, <lb></lb>& illum quidem integrum perducta fuerit. </s> <s>Quamobrem varia de hac definitione iudicia facta fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe comperio, nonnullis aſſerentib. graue & leue per motum, <expan abbr="grauiſsimũ">grauiſsimum</expan> verò & <expan abbr="leuiſsimũ">leuiſsimum</expan> per quie<lb></lb>tem fuiſſe definita, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id inconſultè factum, ſiquidem conſimilis rerum naturæ definitio <expan abbr="reddẽda">reddenda</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, nimirum imperfectis ea quæ ſit imperfecta; perfecta verò perfectis. </s> <s>Sed cùm elementa per ſe mo<lb></lb>ueantur, cùm gignuntur, tum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> imperfecta ſunt: vbi verò perfecta fuerint, niſi quid obſiſtat, iam <lb></lb>quietem adepta ſunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> motu quies eſt perfectior: & grauiſsimum, ſi cum graui conferatur; per<lb></lb>fectum & abſolutum quid eſt: proptereà grauis definitio per motum, vt imperfecti per ſimile im<lb></lb>perfectum; grauiſsimi verò per quietem, quae <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> perfecta ſint, aſsignata fuiſſe cenſetur. </s> <s>Satis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ap<lb></lb>poſitè ſic ab Ariſt. </s> <s>factum, qui cùm 1. de cęlo corporum perfectionem exploraret, & de cęlo diſſere<lb></lb>ret, quod eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> corporum perfectiſsimum, acceperit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> graue & leue, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> perfecta, <expan abbr="eiſq́">eiſque</expan>. </s> <s>defini<lb></lb>tiones perfectas aſsignarit: alibi verò non curarit, vbi de graui & leui ſeorſum verba facturus fuiſ<lb></lb>ſet. </s> <s>lncertus conſilij fuit Simplicius: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> interdum eorum definitionem, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> exuperantia <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2871"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tinetur, per quietem ſanè traditas fuiſſe teſtatur (fuerat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc opinio <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>) ſed tamen & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> in qua <lb></lb>ineſſet quies, imperfectam eſſe opinatur, quae vniuerſam rei naturam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exprimeret: etenim corpora <lb></lb>naturalia geminas habent facultates & monendi & quieſcendi; quandoquidem muneris <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <lb></lb>fons eſt ipſa natura. </s> <s>ideò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> definitio alterutrum tantummodò munus accipiat, perfecta eſſe <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> vna, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem abſoluta extabit, vt puta, quod fertur ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, & <lb></lb>in medio quieſcit: quod <expan abbr="fert̃">fertur</expan> ad vltimum, & ibi manet <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> videtur aliàs exi<lb></lb>ſtimaſſe <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> has definitiones per motum fuiſſe traditas, & leuiſsimi definitionem ſic <expan abbr="interpretandã">interpretandam</expan> <lb></lb>putauit, quod euolaret .i. </s> <s>aut citius, aut ſublimius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliqua, ſerretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="grauiſsimiq́">grauiſsimique</expan>. </s> <s>identidem, quod <lb></lb>pari <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> deorſum cieri poſſet. </s> <s>Equidem ita credo, <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> definitionem ex motu fuiſſe <expan abbr="conſtitutã">conſtitutam</expan>: <lb></lb>& talem huius methodi magis eſſe propriam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat, quae enatare & ſubſtare vſurpentur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ignaro <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> quietem ſignificare videantur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>voces iſtæ iudicant quietem, ſed motum <lb></lb>præſeferunt: tametſi <foreign lang="grc">ἵσταστει & στάσῖς</foreign> quietem notant inſtantem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iam iam imminentem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> illud <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2872"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>.n. ſibi volunt hæ voces, vt tendatur in quietem, at quod ita operatur, adhuc neceſſariò mouetur: & <lb></lb>niſi moueretur, non amplius tenderet in quietem, ſed <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> quieuiſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius duæ ſpecies efformari <lb></lb>poſſunt quæ ſignificent <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> ad quem: cui cum proxima ſint, mox quietem adeptura ſunt. </s> <s>euo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2873"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lare <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> indicat proceſſum verſus extremum, ſubſtare <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> verſus medium. </s> <s>Vtra verò ex iis definitio<lb></lb>nib. ſit perfectior, an'ne ea quæ complectitur motum; an potius illa quæ continet quietem; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de <lb></lb>hoc ipſo facile iudicium eſſe puto. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & ſi quies motum perfectione ſuperat, vtpote eius finis, <lb></lb>& primus naturæ ſcopus: at in definitionib. non tam id quod natura prius, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> id quod notius eſt, <lb></lb>perſequi iubemur: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> & id quod notius nob. </s> <s>eſt, <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> pro principio conſtitui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Ex <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <lb></lb>ingenio motus eſt, quippe qui ſit euidentior quiete. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò quies & motus ſunt ſecundùm & <lb></lb>præter naturam; meminerimus <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum ſemper nob. </s> <s>eſſe notiorem, ob eam cauſſam, quæ olim <lb></lb>reddita fuit: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt habitus ad quietem. </s> <s>Sicut ergo priuatio noſcitur ex habitu: ſic quies ex motu <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõcipitur">concipitur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter àc docuerit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex facultate ſanandi cognoſci item facultatem inducendi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2874"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="morbũ">morbum</expan>. </s> <s>quocirca iubebat, vt in. </s> <s>definitione poteſtatum in altero è contrariis, illo .ſ. </s> <s>quod præſtantius <lb></lb>foret, vteremur. </s> <s>ita nunc <expan abbr="decernendũ">decernendum</expan> eſt graue & leue, quæ ſunt facultates, exponi <expan abbr="cõmodius">commodius</expan> p mo<lb></lb>tum, quàm per quietem; & potius additam fuiſſe quietem ex abundanti, quàm ob aliquam intelli<lb></lb>gentiæ neceſsitatem. </s> <s>Nam quies, ſiue <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan>, ſiue præter naturam, eſt nob. </s> <s>ſemper ignota, & eiuſ<lb></lb>modi, vt ex motu cognoſcatur. </s> <s>Ob notitiam igitur motus, & ob iura noſtræ methodi, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aliàs <lb></lb><expan abbr="ãbundè">ambundè</expan> diſſeruimus: nam recipit libentius motum, quae illi oppoſitam quietem, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & vult definitiones <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2875"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2876"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturales tradi per motum, quia magis exprimat nob. </s> <s>materiam ſenſilem ex cuius ſpeciali contem<lb></lb>platione ſcientia naturalis ab omnib. aliis ſegregatur, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> faciat ipſa quies, arbitror definitionem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>traditur per motum eſſe præſtantiorem, & per ſeipſam eſſe ſatis idoneam explicare principia rerum <lb></lb>natura conſtantium: quietis verò officium in definitionib. aut non eſſe neceſſarium, aut ſummum <lb></lb>ex ordine ſecundo. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> definitiones per motum traditas fuiſſe conſtituemus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2869"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2870"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2871"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2872"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2873"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2874"></margin.target>b 6. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2875"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2876"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Soluuntur dubitationes nonnullæ contra definitiones grauis & leuis, atque ibi quædam de <lb></lb>generatione montium adiunguntur. </s> <s>Caput XIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEQVE nos fugit variis modis agitatas fuiſſe definitiones propoſitas, ac multis obiectionib. <lb></lb></s> <s>fuiſſe tentatas. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, quae quærunt philoſophi naturales, ſi extra ſuum locum tota ter<lb></lb>ra fingatur, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>maximo impetu princeps in ipſum redire cogitetur; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> illò peruenerit, tran<lb></lb>ſeat'ne <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, an poitus ibi conſiſtat: cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non tranſeat, cùm videamus in aliis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reb. quæ magno <lb></lb>conatu feruntur, tranſilire limites inſtitutos? </s> <s>& nos item complura exempla ſuprà contulimus, & <pb pagenum="467"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2877"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eorum cauſſas diligenter exquiſiuimus, vt nil de hoc dubitari poſsit. </s> <s>Eſt verò philoſopho <expan abbr="dignũ">dignum</expan> ex<lb></lb>pendere ſimilitudines rerum, & quod in aliis vſuuenit, niſi diſcriminis ratio ſuccurrat, in propoſito <lb></lb>approbare. </s> <s>Si ergo terra <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> tranſit, aſcendet igitur, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> nullum apparet <lb></lb>aliud externum mouens, quod aliquam vim illi afferat, & <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> non erit locus eius naturalis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> ſimpliciter: cum <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> illud compertum habeatur terram eſſe grauiſsimam, & in medio mane<lb></lb>re ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Secundò non videntur hæ definitiones <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> grauiſsimo & leuiſsimo congrue<lb></lb>re: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> & ignis in terræ viſcerib. <expan abbr="cõditus">conditus</expan> reperiatur. <foreign lang="grc">καὶ γὰρ ὐπὸ γῦς ρὑαχές εἰσι πυρὸς</foreign> & <lb></lb>vt alicubi dixit Empedocles <foreign lang="grc">Πολλὰ δε̂νερθε οὔδεος πυρὰ καίεται</foreign>. </s> <s>ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vt ille dixit ignis fluen<lb></lb>tis feruor in aquis, & <expan abbr="oīs">omnis</expan> balneorum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ducitur, & fortè <expan abbr="metallorũ">metallorum</expan>, <expan abbr="terræq́">terræque</expan>. </s> <s>partes quæ item <expan abbr="ſuperãt">ſuperant</expan> <lb></lb>altitudine <expan abbr="ſecũdam">ſecundam</expan> regionem aëris in qua veſtes conſiſtunt, aut ſi id tibi dare moleſtum fortaſſe vi<lb></lb>deatur, accipe id quod omnib. eſt <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan>, illas excedere prima regione, in qua nullus, aut exiguus <lb></lb>humor concreſcit. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſi id graue eſt, aut leue quod ſurſum, vel deorſum concitatur: vbi verò <lb></lb>terra & ignis & <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> adeò corpus naturale in ſua loca peruenerunt, manent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mouentur: aut <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <lb></lb>grauia tum <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>non erunt; aut, ſi talia ſunt, graue igitur & leue non erunt definienda per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: <lb></lb>quae ſi in eorum definitione quietem contenderis eſſe ſumendam: ergo tum grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>fuerint, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>propria loca fuerint conſecuta; extra ipſa verò quando mouebuntur; nil eis <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> conuenire pote<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2878"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non rectè nob. </s> <s>expoſuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>graue & leue per motum: ſed opus fuerat vti quiete. </s> <s>Si er<lb></lb>go definitionib. iam diſſidere incipimus, quæ fides erit cęteris habenda? </s> <s>Quid illud, quae definitio bre<lb></lb>uis & dilucida ſit, ſi tot dubitationib. obſidetur? </s> <s>& tot verborum circuitionib. eſt illuſtranda? </s> <s>An <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt perſpicua, cùm iam confecta eſt & ad exitum perducta, & iam per nota nobis explicata & ex il<lb></lb>lis <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> expreſſa; ac ſit intereà ſatis, ſi eiuſmodi aſsignetur, vt pulſis vniuerſis obiectionibus <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſiſtat">conſiſtat</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="oīa">omnia</expan> Peripateticè ſic diluere licet: tametſi terra, ſi ſic mouebitur (etenim quid nos <lb></lb>de hac re ſentiremus, anteà ſignificauimus) non erit ille motus naturalis & eius proprius, ſed adſci<lb></lb>titius & externus, ſiue ſic ab impellente concitetur, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex aliqua alia cauſſa ſocia contrahatur: <lb></lb>at nos hîc cauſſas exquirimus, quæ ſint per ſe, & agimus de motu naturali. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cùmq́">Cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>definitio ſolam <lb></lb>rei eſſentiam debeat explicare, & eius naturam velut arboris partes vtiles relinquere; accidentia ve<lb></lb>rò <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> putare; propterea quod ſpectat ad alteram difficultatem; memento duo ſimiliter in his deſi<lb></lb>derari definitionib. vt res <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ſecluſo impedimento, aut alio quouis accidente, per ſeipſam <expan abbr="ſpectet̃">ſpectetur</expan>: <lb></lb>deinde vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> facultas ſolùm conſideretur, non actus; ſiquidem hic mutari poſsit, & ſalua <lb></lb>potentia <expan abbr="qñq.">quandoque</expan> vacare, ex quo accidens eſſe perhibetur; & efficitur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi actus ſit ſubſtantiæ perfe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2879"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctio, nihilo magis aduertatur; quia reſtet ſola & nuda facultas non actus. </s> <s>Idcirco, quanuis in terræ <lb></lb>cauernis ignis retineatur, ibi vi continetur, & prohibetur, quominus euolet. </s> <s>aufer impedimentum, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <lb></lb>primùm ad ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> euehetur. </s> <s>Sic montes extant, & <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad tertiam regionem aëris portiguntur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ſit eius rei cauſſa, de qua mox aliqua dicentur. </s> <s>quae ſi ad montium radices excaues, & ipſi <lb></lb>montes ruinas protinus minabuntur, & in planitiem conſident. </s> <s>Quamobrem & ſi partes illę actu <lb></lb>non mouentur, quin potius actus ipſe impeditur; natura, <expan abbr="facultasq́">facultasque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecunda nihilominus ſuperſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò quædam de altitudine terræ, <expan abbr="montiumq́">montiumque</expan>. </s> <s>elatione tetigimus, & variæ cauſſæ à philoſo<lb></lb>phis afferuntur talis elationis, ſiue conſilium naturæ ſtudentis relinquere locum terreſtrib. & <expan abbr="ſpirã-tib">ſpiran<lb></lb>tib</expan>. </s> <s>ſeu vis ipſius Solis ſpiritum è terræ viſcerib. excitantis, & veluti in tumorem <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> terræ par<lb></lb>tes attollentis: & nuper <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à Cardano & Scaligero de efficiente cauſſa & fine longè aliter decretum <lb></lb>eſt: <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> ea ſpeculatio potius eſt meteorologica, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in libris de cęlo ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſignificata eſt, <lb></lb>in quem locum præſens quæſtio refertur; non fuerit <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> à propoſito, ni fallor, aliqua item, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <lb></lb>occaſio data eſt, de hac ipſa re veſtigare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> eſſe planè talis euenti cauſſam facilè perſuadeat. <lb></lb></s> <s>vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in cęteris euentis naturalib. <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, & finis obſeruari ſolent; ita de fine & efficiente in re noſtra <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2880"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentionem fieri perſpicio. </s> <s>Sed illud admirabile, quae de materia nil apud ipſos habemus conſtitutum, <lb></lb>quanuis ad hoc opus concurrat, & eius <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> maximè deſideretur: vt nihil aliud dicere poſsimus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae aut oſcitanter prætermiſſa ſit, aut <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> apud <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> de ipſa conſenſus ſilentio totum hoc obruerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterum & pietatem profitenti, finis, ſi ſtatuatur reſpirantium ſalus, ne ſub aquis, niſi montes exta<lb></lb>rent, terram <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> circundantib. degere <expan abbr="cogerẽtur">cogerentur</expan>: haud abſurdum meritò videri poſsit: ſed quod <lb></lb>pietas credere iubet, ſi ex certo tempore mundo fuerit initium; eadem cauſſa, quæ terram crearit, <lb></lb>montes vnà cum ipſa produxerit: at cum Peripateticè mundo nulla origo extiterit; ad aſtra neceſſa<lb></lb>riò confugiendum, quæ ſuaui vapores ex intimis terræ faucib. ad terræ ſuperficiem trahant: vnde <lb></lb>ſtare loco neſcientes, è terra conentur erumpere: at cum terra propter ſocietatem corporum humi<lb></lb>dorum tenax ſit; extendatur ipſa & in tumorem attollatur: vbi longiore temporis tractu ab <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan> <lb></lb>calore perpeſſa obduruit & in lapides aliqua ex parte conuerſa veterem illam extuberationem reti<lb></lb>nuit: ſubinde vaporis alterius generatio priori ſuperueniens terram extulit in ſublime. </s> <s>Verùm mo<lb></lb>re Ariſtotelico finge terram olim genitam. </s> <s>Cur non <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> rotunda cùm prius eſſet & intra perimetri <lb></lb>ſuæ terminos permaneret, in ea parte cum aquis exhauſta locum vallib. dedit, & ab aquarum influ<lb></lb>xu debita, & hîc excauata, alibi aggerata, alueos fecit fluminib. & mari, & alicubi conſedit in plani<lb></lb>tiem? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> huic ordini naturæ progreſſus refragatur; quippe quae & apud nos & apud antichthonas <lb></lb>torrida zona ſit inferior mundi plaga, in quam omnia fluenta demum confluunt, & efficiunt locum <pb pagenum="468"></pb>aquæ proprium, qui per accidens eſt mare, contracta ſalſedine ob illas cauſſas, quas alibi recitauit ti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2881"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bi Philoſophus: adeò vt non vna elationis cauſſa ab efficiente <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, ſed à materia peti <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſe videatur. </s> <s>At verò illud, quod à quibuſdam hoc tempore de illorum fine defendi perſpicio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſa<lb></lb>tis arridet: ad id montes eſſe productos, <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> illos cauſſa produxerit, vt eſſet receptus <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt inde tranſmiſſæ ſuo loco redderentur. </s> <s>Etenim quia ſublimis ſit & cauernoſa terra in partib. illis, <lb></lb>ibi gigni aquas & recipi: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> verò ſublimiores ſint, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliquæ terræ partes, effici ex illo, vt adima <lb></lb>loca redire cogantur. </s> <s>Hoc igitur ex neceſsitate materiæ cęteroqui ductum finem quendam <expan abbr="aſſecutũ">aſſecutum</expan> <lb></lb>fuiſſe videtur. </s> <s>Verumenimuero ſi nihil aliud natura reſpexit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt aquæ & ibi gignerentur, & inde <lb></lb>ad ſua loca transferri poſſent; fuerat id à natura ſatis apparatum per illum ordinem, quem inter ele<lb></lb>menta, quæ ſunt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> prima corpora conſtituerat, & per figuram, quam ipſis pro <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> <expan abbr="propẽ-ſione">propen<lb></lb>ſione</expan> aſsignauerat, erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rotunda: nam ſic mutuò ſeſe amplectabantur, vt terra infimam ſedem oc<lb></lb>cuparet, eam aqua inundaret, ſuperior aër, ignìb. </s> <s>altiſsima ora <expan abbr="redderet̃">redderetur</expan> inter caduca. </s> <s>cęlum <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> hæc <lb></lb>ambitu ſuo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> gremio contineret. </s> <s>& ſic <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> ex illis corporib. locum ſuum conſeruaret. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hic erat <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ordo, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſapientes natura <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> prædicant, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſius <expan abbr="carẽtiam">carentiam</expan> & <expan abbr="perturbationẽ">perturbationem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic igitur, dum aqua ſecundùm naturam in ſuo loco ſeruaretur, quid opus fuit producere montes, <lb></lb>vt ab illis in proprias ſedes aqua efflueret? </s> <s>certè aliud voluit ipſa natura. </s> <s>& quiddam ſublimius re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2882"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpexit, dum ad tantam altitudinem terras extulit & montes extruxit. </s> <s>& eodem inſtinctu, quo con<lb></lb>fudit elementa, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>virtutes extra propria loca temperauit, vt ſpecies .ſ. </s> <s>animantium exiſterent <lb></lb>& ſe commodè tueri poſſent: nam talis eſt natura conditio vt contendat in melius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> terras eue<lb></lb>xit, vt illorum vitę <expan abbr="commodiſq́">commodiſque</expan>. </s> <s>proſpiceret. </s> <s>Quamobrem & hîc finis apparebit, qui planè neceſsi<lb></lb>tatem materię conſequatur, vt, cum terra ſic afficiatur ab aſtris, etiam det locum ortui, & conſerua<lb></lb>tioni animantium. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc pro re breuiter decreta ſint.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2877"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2878"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2879"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2880"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2881"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2882"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur an'ne graue & leue ſint in proprio loco. </s> <s>Caput XIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AD illud verò quod de graui & leui quærebatur, vbi ſunt in ſuo loco. </s> <s>Memento ſic nos ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>fuiſſe monitos graue & leue propriè ſignificare poteſtatem: hęc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motu determinatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> il<lb></lb>lo quidem qui ſit ex natura: talia ſunt, quia moueri aliquo modo naturaliter poſſunt, quamobrem <lb></lb>ſunt poteſtates naturales, & de ſecunda ſpecie qualitatis. </s> <s>Sed cùm motus ſit actus quidam imperfe<lb></lb>ctus, & deſinat in quietem, vt in eius perfectionem; dubium eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cùm graue & leue ſit quod na<lb></lb>turaliter móueri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; an <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poteſtas ad quietem, qua finitur motus, in eorum <expan abbr="rõnib">rationibus</expan>. </s> <s>includatur. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2883"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi hæc, <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſignificant id quod quieſcere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> deſcendi poſſe videtur; elementa in ſuís lo<lb></lb>cis grauis <expan abbr="leuisq.">leuisque</expan> nomen adhuc retinere, quae ſi grauiatum, <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>non ſunt, vbi proprium <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> lo<lb></lb>cum occuparunt; iam poteſtas eorum motu ſolo contenta eſt, & <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> reſpuit. </s> <s>Rurſus ſi poteſtas <lb></lb>actu per ſe terminatur, & ea poteſtas cum motu ceſſat & definit in quietem; haud ſatis erit planum <lb></lb>quid ſibi voluerit Ariſt. </s> <s>dum <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> dubitat, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> an actus grauis & leuis <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> propria <expan abbr="noĩa">nomina</expan> <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2884"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>exprimantur, & ſi quod habent, illud <foreign lang="grc">ρὁπὴν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>propenſionem eſſe affirmat; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> iam illorum actib. <lb></lb></s> <s>impoſita erant <expan abbr="noĩa">nomina</expan> ab eo diuerſa quod tribuít ipſis Ariſt. </s> <s>nimirum motus, dum ſunt extra <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, & quies in proprio loco. </s> <s>Primam ſanè <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> obſcuram <expan abbr="efficiũt">efficiunt</expan>, tùm dicta Philoſophi ſi in <lb></lb>verborum vi perſiſtere velimus: nulla <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mentio facta eſt de quiete, tùm <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> grauiſsimorum <expan abbr="hoĩum">hominum</expan> <lb></lb>auctoritas: ſiquidem Alexander, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Themiſtio teſte, necnon Philoponus, elementa in ſuis locis gra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2885"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uia, ſeu leuia eſſe negauerint; & alij philoſophi teſtati ſint <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> in ſuo loco, & alieno ambiguè <lb></lb>dici. </s> <s>Ex aduerſo docuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>reniti terram, ne de ſuo loco pellatur, ipſa grauitate, & Auerroës pro<lb></lb>nuntiauerit grauitatem eſſe cauſſam motus & quietis in medio. </s> <s>Opinor equidem <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> poteſtas graui <lb></lb>tribuitur nonmodò definiri motu, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> neceſſariò quiete. </s> <s>nec ea quidem <expan abbr="gñali">generali</expan>, ſed quæ eſt in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2886"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proprio loco & naturalis. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt abſoluta conſummatio motus & quanuis ſit ignotior motu, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>quia natura prior, motus item naturalis in eam reſoluatur oportet: proptereà quanuis non apertè <lb></lb>contineatur in definitione, ſaltem ex conſecutione includatur: etenim <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dicitur in graui ſolùm po<lb></lb>teſtas eſſe ad motum, ſed additur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terminus motus, nempe ad medium, quò cum mobile peruene<lb></lb>rit, ibi quieſcit ſuapte natura. </s> <s>Verùm dicet aliquis, quî fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt in ea definitione quietis notio <expan abbr="cõ-tineatur">con<lb></lb>tineatur</expan>, cùm nonmodò non apparet quies, ſed perſpicuè <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> excludatur? </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> accidens condi<lb></lb>tio limitat graue ad alienum locum in quo ſecundùm naturam non quieſcit? </s> <s>etenim accidit hoc vbi <lb></lb>graue ſit extra proprium locum. </s> <s>Prætereà quod genus hoc definitionis eſt, cùm per attributa trada<lb></lb>tur quæ ſunt obnoxia <expan abbr="tẽpori">tempori</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>ſecus hæc definitio procedit, àc ſiquis ficum definiat per facul<lb></lb>tatem edendi poma, quod certo quodam <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> prorumpit in actum: & qui ſic definiet, incidet in <lb></lb>vitium quod vim corrumpit non <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> definitionis, & demonſtrationis, quæ arctis quibuſdam legib. <lb></lb></s> <s>adſtringuntur, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſyllogiſmi qui multò ſolutior eſt; circunſcribat graue, & leue certis locis & <expan abbr="cõ-ditionib">con<lb></lb>ditionib</expan>. </s> <s>definitio verò & demonſtratio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item ſyllogiſmus <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> rem ſimpliciter accipere debeant, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2887"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> præfinitione temporis abſtractam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> vt mea fert opinio, valet; ſi loco naturali cuiuſdam to<lb></lb>tius elementi latitudinem aſsignemus quam partes occupent quantitatis beneficio diſtantes, nihilo<lb></lb>minus primum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> terminum, vt <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> in vniuerſo poſsint adipiſci, ſi <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> partes inferiores <pb pagenum="469"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2888"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubtrahantur. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae in quiete <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam conſeruari videatur ea poteſtas ad motum, quia, ſi<lb></lb>cubi eueniat, vt ex loco ſuo pars aliqua <expan abbr="pellat̃">pellatur</expan>, <expan abbr="hẽat">habeat</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in ſeipſa vim cuius merito <expan abbr="priſtinã">priſtinam</expan> ſedem re<lb></lb>cuperare valeat: <expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan> <expan abbr="violentiã">violentiam</expan> ſecum afferre <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> & quiddam ex euento, & aliquid cu<lb></lb>ius poteſtas non inſit; niſi latius <expan abbr="ptãtis">potestatis</expan> vocabulo patente, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> labefactata vi formæ, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> tum <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>accedat materiæ <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan>, & impetus ad <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, in quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> multum ineſt accidentis & fortuiti, quod <lb></lb>mirum <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> definitionem corrumpat: aut ſi locus proprius <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan>; ſunt graues propriè partes; <lb></lb>quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tum exercere queant <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> vim qua præditæ ſunt, dum adhuc agi <expan abbr="pñt">poſſunt</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, qui eſt verus <lb></lb>grauium locus. </s> <s><expan abbr="pp">propter</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> item ſeſe viciſsim pellunt, & opprimunt ſtudentes <expan abbr="q̃rere">quaerere</expan> centrum; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cauſſam docuit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> eſſe globoſam. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſunt actus ipſius grauis. </s> <s>Verùm pone tibi ante <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2889"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oculos <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> terræ partem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> primò poſita ſit in <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> terræ, <expan abbr="quæ'nã">quæ'nam</expan> obſecro facultas in illa ad motum? <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> poteſtas eo <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> actu ſuperueniente vacauit, nulla exiſtente occaſione, <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <lb></lb>mobile conſecutum fuerit <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> cuius gratia <expan abbr="mouebat̃">mouebatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>quod ea facultas mobili data erat: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. <lb></lb></s> <s>pellitur è loco ab alijs partib. opprimentib. aliter infinitus eſſet partis cuiuſque motus non habens <lb></lb>quo terminetur; <emph type="italics"></emph>-Fecitque cadendo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2883"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2884"></margin.target>a 4. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2885"></margin.target>b 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 117.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2886"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2887"></margin.target>c 1. Pri. </s> <s>c. <lb></lb>15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2888"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2889"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Undique ne caderet, medium totius & imum est<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Itaque contractis conſiſtunt corpora plagis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2890"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2890"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et concurrendo prohibent in longius ire<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Equidem in iis vocib. graue & leue <expan abbr="ambiguitatẽ">ambiguitatem</expan> contineri cenſeo quippe quae & habitum ſignifica<lb></lb>ri <expan abbr="putẽ">putem</expan> qui per <expan abbr="gñationem">generationem</expan> <expan abbr="contrahit̃">contrahitur</expan>, & dum fit, promouet mobile ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>: <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, in ſuo <lb></lb>loco <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan>: & actum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> qui in eo <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>, vt extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> manens in <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtẽdat">contendat</expan> <expan abbr="opprimẽs">opprimens</expan>, & <lb></lb>impedientia propellens, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ſi proprio <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> notare velim, <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> appellauerim, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> in <expan abbr="extẽtione">extentione</expan> <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> & <lb></lb>mole, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in <expan abbr="intẽtione">intentione</expan> formę & <expan abbr="ptãtis">potestatis</expan>, de quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> multa poſthàc; vbi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> docebimus, cur <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> in ſuo <lb></lb>loco, & in vniuerſitate <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="hẽant">habeant</expan>. </s> <s>Dico <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> de hoc poſtremo grauis ſignificatu verba fieri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan> in proprio loco negari, & verè dici <foreign lang="grc">ροπὴν</foreign>, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt <expan abbr="momẽtũ">momentum</expan>, & ex oppreſsione <expan abbr="deſcenſuq́">deſcenſuque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="pcipit̃">percipitur</expan>, & proprio ſoco finitur, & quiete naturali. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> eius <expan abbr="auctorẽ">auctorem</expan> facio <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> habitus <lb></lb>eſt, & proinde <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan>, cuius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> actum <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> eſſe affirmo, & <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> qui apparet ex motu, & eſt <expan abbr="impfect̃">imperfectus</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum qui eſt abſolutus & quiete <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> neuter actus ab ea grauitate <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="exhibet̃">exhibetur</expan> <lb></lb>à <expan abbr="gñante">gnnante</expan>, & verè habitus eſt; quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> magis <expan abbr="pſuadebit̃">perſuadebitur</expan>, ſi illa audiamus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nos olim docuimus, dum <lb></lb><expan abbr="explicaret̃">explicaretur</expan> illa <expan abbr="qõ">quomodo</expan> cur <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> fine ea, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="ferunt̃">feruntur</expan>, ocyus <expan abbr="moueant̃">moueantur</expan>. </s> <s>fit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="intẽtio">intentio</expan> grauitatis. </s> <s>ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>fit albius in proceſſu, vt <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> ad extremum ſit <expan abbr="altiſsimũ">altiſsimum</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit grauius, vt in fine motus ſit <expan abbr="grauiſ-ſimũ">grauiſ<lb></lb>ſimum</expan>, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>munus eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri, ſed in loco naturali requieſcere, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>euenire <expan abbr="videret̃">videretur</expan>, ſi graui<arrow.to.target n="marg2891"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tas in proceſſu augeſceret, & in extremo extingueretur, ac ſi id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> albeſcit, in fine motus eſſet <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> ab actu <expan abbr="pficeret̃">perficeretur</expan>; ſed actu ſuperueniente prorſus interiret. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet altero è prin<lb></lb>cipiis <expan abbr="cõponentib">componentib</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="interẽpto">interempto</expan>. </s> <s>Hoc ſanè mihi probabilius <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>. </s> <s>Talis <expan abbr="igr̃">igitur</expan> eſt grauitas <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> à pondere diſtin<lb></lb>guimus, vt ſit habitus <expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> <expan abbr="differẽs">differens</expan> ab altera <expan abbr="ptãte">potestate</expan> <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> eſt ex eo <expan abbr="gñe">genere</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> actu ſuperueniente <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>, & in <lb></lb>habitudine poſita eſſe vt, & ab actu deſcendit qui <expan abbr="comitat̃">comitatur</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> extra <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, cùm ſit altera <lb></lb>illa grauitas habilitas <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> iugiter manet affixa, & extra <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> facilè <expan abbr="patiẽdi">patiendi</expan>, quip<lb></lb>pe facilè <expan abbr="mouẽdi">mouendi</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>. </s> <s>& ſimpliciter ac <expan abbr="ſp">ſemper</expan> potentia difficile mouendi ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan>, in graui <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan>, in leui <expan abbr="ãt">aut</expan> ad <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan>, & longè prius <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> manendi in ſuo loco, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tum perfecta eſt, <lb></lb>cùm ibi <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt, & vbi ſit extra ipſum, <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> eò <expan abbr="perueniẽdi">perueniendi</expan>, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> fit p motum. </s> <s>Ob id facilè credimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> con<lb></lb>tra <expan abbr="Alexandrũ">Alexandrum</expan> vim grauitatis & leuitatis in propriis locis ſupereſſe, qui <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> & <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan> illi <expan abbr="oppo-ſitã">oppo<lb></lb>ſitam</expan> tollimus in ſuis locis, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> abſurdum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reputemus ſi graue & leue in ſuis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> locis <expan abbr="deſcribãt̃">deſcribantur</expan> actu <lb></lb>qui ſenſui notior eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Iã">Iam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſæpè <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> naturæ magis elucere in motu, cùm verò <expan abbr="exerceat̃">exerceatur</expan>, vbi <lb></lb><expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ſit extra proprium locum, facultas <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> illa magis extra proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> in ſuo loco ſeſe oſten<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>Proinde ſiqui tueri velit grauis <expan abbr="leuisq́">leuisque</expan>. </s> <s>definitiones ſolum motum accipere, & <expan abbr="p̃termittere">praetermittere</expan> <expan abbr="quie-tẽ">quie<lb></lb>tem</expan>, niſi quatenus ex <expan abbr="cõſequenti">conſequenti</expan> quies <expan abbr="indicat̃">indicatur</expan> notione motus <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> largiſsime <expan abbr="ſubminiſtrãte">ſubminiſtrante</expan>, <expan abbr="quẽadmo-">quenadmo<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2892"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> apparet ex iis vocib. <foreign lang="grc">στάσεως κὶ ἠρεμήσεως</foreign>, vt olim <expan abbr="docuim9">docuimus</expan>; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit mea <expan abbr="qdẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="culpãd9">culpandus</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>nec motu ſolo <expan abbr="determinat̃">determinatur</expan> definitio grauis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="circũſcribit̃">circunſcribitur</expan>, aut aliqua <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ſimpli<lb></lb>citer <expan abbr="accipiat̃">accipiatur</expan> propenſio, & habilitas ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſanè in quiete <expan abbr="p̃fecta">perfecta</expan> eſt, p motum verò <expan abbr="p̃ficit̃">perficitur</expan>, nulla <lb></lb><expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> habita loci'ue <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>. </s> <s>Cęterum & ſi habilitas hæc adhæret aſsiduè <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>, nihilominus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> infini<lb></lb>tas <expan abbr="q̃dã">quadam</expan> ipſi inhæret cùm ab ea poſsit actus <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> ſeparari, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſcda">ſecunda</expan>: hæc verò <lb></lb>actu <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe <expan abbr="determinat̃">determinatur</expan>, qui ſanè in iis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> natura <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, eſt duplex, imperfectus dum <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> in ſuum <lb></lb>locum, perfectus <expan abbr="ãt">aut</expan> in proprio loco, <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> intermiſſus, cum aliqua vi detinentur in alieno. </s> <s>Verùm quae <expan abbr="ſp">ſemper</expan> <lb></lb>in proprium <expan abbr="cõtendere">contendere</expan> <expan abbr="nitunt̃">nituntur</expan>; nihilominus oppreſsione <expan abbr="teſtant̃">teſtantur</expan> impulſum (grauia <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt notiora no<lb></lb>bis accipio) qui eſt <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> actus. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt impulſus & oppreſsio, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="manẽt">manent</expan> in alieno, & <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> inter <expan abbr="mo-uẽdũ">mo<lb></lb>uendum</expan> <expan abbr="impedimẽta">impedimenta</expan> <expan abbr="depellũt">depellunt</expan>, <foreign lang="grc">ῥοπῆς</foreign> <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <expan abbr="exp̃ſſa">expreſſa</expan> fuiſſe puto ab Ariſt. </s> <s>Ex hoc <expan abbr="igr̃">igrm</expan>, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> in habitu ineſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="q̃-dã">qua<lb></lb>dam</expan> infinitatis, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit ex ordine <expan abbr="ptãtũ">pertantum</expan>; <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ſp">ſemper</expan> <expan abbr="impẽdeat">impendeat</expan> metus ali<expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> mutationis: proindet <expan abbr="p̨i">pari</expan> <expan abbr="obno-xiũ">obno<lb></lb>xium</expan> <expan abbr="reddit̃">redditur</expan>, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi poſsideat <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>: <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſingulare <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, & <expan abbr="p̨inde">perinde</expan> <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan>: quare <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> bona vale<lb></lb>tudo qua nunc fruor, actu <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan> <expan abbr="qdẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> à <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan>, vel <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> victoria, vel citra <expan abbr="victoriã">victoriam</expan> <expan abbr="q́at">queat</expan> affligi, <lb></lb>adhuc otio & <expan abbr="ãbulatiũculis">ambulatiunculis</expan> matutinis <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſeruar̃">conſeruarm</expan> ſtudeo. </s> <s>hoc certè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="pñtẽ">praeſentem</expan> reſpicit, ſed <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ego percupio <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> non dum habeo: & in <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, quaſi non <expan abbr="hñs">habens</expan>, <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> conatu <expan abbr="cõtendo">contendo</expan>, & quaſi <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <pb pagenum="470"></pb>habiturus, <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> diligentia tueor, actus <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non <expan abbr="interpellat̃">interpellatur</expan>, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>vnus eſt: <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> non <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſe <expan abbr="hñs">habens</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2893"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nec <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> prorſus reſpiciens: cùm ſit ſimpliciter, ſi <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> ad oppoſitum demas. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> ſpectes, <lb></lb><expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> poteſtatis ſpecimen retineat, & <expan abbr="tpi">tempori</expan> <expan abbr="addicat̃">addicatur</expan>, tùm quae interrumpi poſsit, tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quae affectus à <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan>, <lb></lb>locum <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> retinere ſtudeat. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter prorſus àc ſiquis bona poſsidens, & otioſus in poſſeſsione ma<lb></lb>nens, vbi <expan abbr="vocet̃">vocetur</expan> in ius; poſsidet <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quo <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="pellit̃">pellitur</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine moleſtia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idẽ">Idem</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> actus <expan abbr="poſsidẽ-di">poſsiden<lb></lb>di</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan>. </s> <s>ibi nulla <expan abbr="cõtrouerſia">controuerſia</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> amittendi ſuſpicio, hîc <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> magnę lites, & <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> ab <lb></lb>aduerſario piculum, & aliqua veteris <expan abbr="cõditionis">conditionis</expan> imminutio. </s> <s>nunc ſi p <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ius, <expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> beneficio. </s> <s>venit in <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſſeſsionẽ">poſſeſsionem</expan> bonorum, aut in ea <expan abbr="retineat̃">retineatur</expan>, aut deturbatus <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> redeat, apparet poſsidendi <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan>, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-ſtitit">con<lb></lb>ſtitit</expan> eum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsidere poſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt planè vides, eſt ſubiecta <expan abbr="tpi">tempori</expan>, <expan abbr="quaten9">quatenus</expan>.ſ. </s> <s>poſsidet ſanè, ſed <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="qñq.">quandoque</expan> <lb></lb>non poſsidere. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> graue actu eſt in ſuo loco, & ita eſt actu, <expan abbr="nullãq́">nullanque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtatis <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> in ſe <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan>, ſed <lb></lb>cùm ibi ſit, quia <expan abbr="p̃t">potest</expan> olim <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe; verùm p idem ius, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>principia, p <expan abbr="q̃nã">quanam</expan> locum ſuum occupauit, <lb></lb>cùm & retineat, niſi <expan abbr="vincat̃">vincatur</expan>, & victum properet <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>; fit vt in ſuo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> loco poteſtatis <expan abbr="ſpecimẽ">ſpecimen</expan> appa<lb></lb>reat. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> cum actu <expan abbr="cõſiſtat">conſiſtat</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm ergo notio quietis in motu virtute <expan abbr="cõtineat̃">contineatur</expan> & ſit actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> exi<lb></lb>ſtens ex grauitate <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> habitus eſt, dum extra proprium locum <expan abbr="detinet̃">detinetur</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>, & dum <expan abbr="fert̃">fertur</expan> ad ipſum, <lb></lb>vbi extra ipſum eſt; ſignificare voluit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> actus qdem ſimpliciter grauis aut leuis ſeorſum, vbi <lb></lb>ſunt extra proprium locum, <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> vacare: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> eorum actus motus; <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus eum <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> <expan abbr="gña-">gnna<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2894"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>liter aſcenſum <expan abbr="deſcenſumq́">deſcenſumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõprehendat">comprehendat</expan>, quaſi ſit nomen <expan abbr="gñis">generis</expan> cuius hę ſint ſpecies, ſed <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> vim, co<lb></lb>natum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> impulſum ex quo cùm extra proprium locum eſt, exiſtit motus obice depulſo, aut impe<lb></lb>tus in ipſum, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="prohibet̃">prohibetur</expan>: nam talis <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> eſſe facultas eius vocis <foreign lang="grc">ρὁπὴ</foreign>; <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> <expan abbr="trãſumit̃">tranſumitur</expan> ad ea <expan abbr="ſignificãda">ſignificanda</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>p <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> menſure <expan abbr="ſubiiciunt̃">ſubiiciuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> affert, vt dixi, oppreſsionem, exiſtit <expan abbr="ãt">aut</expan> <foreign lang="grc">εμφύτου ὁρμῆς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ex impetu inna<lb></lb>to, & in grauib. potiſsimè <expan abbr="pſpicit̃">perſpicitur</expan>. </s> <s>Puto <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ſic interpretanda eſſe verba Philoſophi. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de<lb></lb>ficit, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> pro Alexandro poſsit afferri, quia nimirùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſpectauerit habilitatem <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>, ſed genus il<lb></lb>lud grauitatis, & vim <expan abbr="agitãdi">agitandi</expan> medium <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi ſuperet impedimentum, definit in motum, & ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <lb></lb>quiete naturali <expan abbr="finit̃">finitur</expan>, aut ſi habilitatem <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> dicere voluit, eius <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> formalem in <expan abbr="ptãte">potestate</expan> collocaue<lb></lb>rit, nihilominus accepta materialiter ſit ſuperſtes. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nãq.">Nanque</expan> & ſi <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> accepta formaliter actui repugnat <lb></lb>at poteſtas, vt ſubiectum, ſeu principium, &, vt aiunt, materialiter, non repugnat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita res in graui<lb></lb>tate procedere <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, vt in motu. </s> <s><expan abbr="Auget̃">Augetur</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus vt forma fluens in proceſſu; ad extremum nullus eſt eius <lb></lb>fluxus. </s> <s>Ergo tendit'ne ad <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe forma fluens? </s> <s><expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>; ſed fluxus interit forma, tum maximè eſt, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> <expan abbr="pfectiore">perfectiore</expan> ineſt in quiete, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partibiliter extabat in motu, id vniuerſum quiete, <expan abbr="ſimulq́">ſimulque</expan>. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>ſiſtit. </s> <s>ita & grauitas in quiete & cùm forma perfecta in proprio loco ineſt modo quodam perfectiore, <lb></lb>nec interit. </s> <s>Remanent igitur hæc materialiter, intereunt formaliter duntaxat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> denominatio <lb></lb>non ſumitur ab illis. </s> <s>Sic igitur graue ſignificat poteſtatem, vt dixit Ariſt. </s> <s>nec remanet in proprio lo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2895"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>co, quemadmodum Græci dixerunt. </s> <s>Alterum ergo ſenſum ex his Græcorum dictis abhibendum eſ<lb></lb>ſe putamus, ſi illis patrocinari libeat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2891"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2892"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2893"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2894"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2895"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alexandri <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> de poteſtate grauis & leuis, & quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ipſo Themistius & Auerroes diſſerat. </s> <s>C. XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM enimuero <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> definitio ſola grauis & leuis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>aſsignata, quæ ſolum motum ac<lb></lb>cipere <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> notio grauis & leuis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> continet poteſtatem ad motum, <expan abbr="cõmouerũt">commouerunt</expan> <expan abbr="Alexãdrum">Alexandrum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="alioſq.">alioſque</expan> philoſophos, vt ita ſentirent, ſed illa <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> obiecit Anaximandro Ariſt. </s> <s>exiſtimanti cauſſam <lb></lb>terræ quietis eſſe ſimilitudinem, quod item cùm ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>, faciat, & per ſe ipſum ſit difficile, vt à <lb></lb>maximis ſectæ Peripateticę patronis Alexandro, Themiſtio, & Auerroe in <expan abbr="controuerſiã">controuerſiam</expan> reuocatum, <lb></lb>& admodùm perplexè ſcriptum fuerit à Themiſtio; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> loco ipſo nos admonente conabimur Alexan<lb></lb>dri <expan abbr="Themiſtijq.">Themiſtijque</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩas">ſententias</expan> explanare. </s> <s>Quemadmodum ergo ſupra dictum eſt, Ariſt. </s> <s>probaturus immo<lb></lb>bilem non ob id manere <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> ſimiliter <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ſe haberet ad cęlum, argumentabatur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hunc in <lb></lb>modum. </s> <s>Quò <expan abbr="fert̃">fertur</expan> pars, <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ferri totum <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: & quò <expan abbr="ferunt̃">feruntur</expan> hęc <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>manere <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: transferebat Alexander has <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> ad cauſſas: quia .ſ. </s> <s>eadem foret cauſſa motus <lb></lb>& quietis: ſed cùm ſimilitudo, quam <foreign lang="grc">ὁμήωσιν</foreign> appellat Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">ἰσοῤρὁπίαν</foreign> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſe Alexander, non ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2896"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſa motus, <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan> item, vt cauſſa quietis eſſe non poſsit. </s> <s>Agitat verò Themiſtius hanc explicatio<lb></lb>nem <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> obſcuram; vtrumúe verò <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> falſam repudiet, haud auſim affirmare, ſed <expan abbr="crederẽ">crederem</expan> potius <lb></lb>eum illi conari lucem afferre. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> conuenit inter ipſos <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſe cauſſam motus & quietis, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> ab<lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ſimilitudo. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> hoc <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> aduerſari: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan>, ſicut videndi facultas eſt cauſſa viſionis, quæ ſimilis eſt <lb></lb>quieti: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> functio perfecta, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ambulationis, ita <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> cenſere poſſet <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> eſſe cauſſam <expan abbr="qetis">quietis</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> verò motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae falſum eſt, eandem eſſe cauſſam ſimpliciter motus & quietis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ea-dẽ">ea<lb></lb>dem</expan> cauſſa, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſumpta ſemper eiuſdem cauſſa eſt: atqui motus & quies <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> non ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo ſe <expan abbr="hñs">habens</expan> cauſſa motus & quietis eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> perſpiciens Alexander <lb></lb>ſtatuit, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, dum quieſcit <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; hoc verò fit in proprio loco: graue <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe, aut leue; quaſi <lb></lb>ſit alia <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> naturæ mouentis & ſedantis. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſe <expan abbr="hñs">habens</expan> poteſt eſſe <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> functionis <lb></lb>cauſſa. </s> <s>Si grauitas igitur eſt cauſſa motus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poterit vllo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> auctor eſſe quietis: aliter vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cauſſa <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſe <expan abbr="hñs">habens</expan> eſſet effectuum diuerſorum, immò oppoſitorum. </s> <s>Sed tum quæro, ſi terra ad<lb></lb>huc graui exiſtente, quies in ea reperitur, an hæc ex impedimento <expan abbr="naſcat̃">naſcatur</expan>; an nihil adſit, quod impe<lb></lb>diat. </s> <s>Si primum dederis, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> fuerit ea quies violenta & contra naturam. </s> <s>quae ſi <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> adſit impediens, <pb pagenum="471"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2897"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ipſa manet; profectò per ſe immobilis ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Planum igitur quae grauitas eſt cauſſa quietis <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus, aut non huius <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed vbi non adſit impedimentum: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id, vbi terra <lb></lb>ſit extra proprium locum. </s> <s><expan abbr="quap̨p̨">quapropter</expan> ad id, vt natura ſit cauſſa motus; hæc duo requiri videntur; vt ſit <lb></lb>extra proprium locum id quod graue eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> adſit impediens. </s> <s>Alexander igitur cauſſam <expan abbr="gnnaliter">generaliter</expan> <lb></lb>accepit, quæ ſanè variatis conditionib. eſſet cauſſa motus & quietis, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> natura per <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>priuationem; & ſic potuit Anaximandri placitum confutare. </s> <s>Hic tu <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vides, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> id refutet Themi<lb></lb>ſtius, quae elementum in proprio loco graue non eſſe, coſtitutum ſit; quaſi accedat Alexandro; ſed illud <lb></lb>ſolùm, quae grauitas non efficit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in actu, niſi adſint illę <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan>, Et certè à <expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> doctri<lb></lb>na <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abhorret, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="oppoſitorũ">oppoſitorum</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="gñalem">generalem</expan>, proprias verò <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> medicus eſt artifex ſa<lb></lb>lutis & interitus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit, verùm ſalutis per ſe, & <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="artẽ">artem</expan>, interitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="p̃cepta">pncepta</expan> ar<lb></lb>tis, & per accidens. </s> <s>ſic natura cauſſa motus eſt & quietis, ſed motus per <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſimpli<lb></lb>citer; verùm vbi ſit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> extra ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> adſit <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim ad <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> illud <lb></lb><expan abbr="Themiſtianũ">Themiſtianum</expan> facilè <expan abbr="rñdere">respondere</expan> poſſet Alexander, <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> includi in hypotheſi <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan>; <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> mane<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> ex vi interni principij, & <expan abbr="ſuperſtitẽ">ſuperſtitem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde doceret, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan>, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan> <lb></lb>aliquid <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> ſupereſt, aliquid aſsiduè fit, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> in eo <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> quietis, vtputa, quae <lb></lb>vapor <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="euehat̃">euehatur</expan> ſupra <expan abbr="ſcdam ">ſecundam</expan><expan abbr="regionẽ">regionem</expan> aëris, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> negaret eſſe <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> aut <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan>. </s> <s>Quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſint; ſpe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2898"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctemus nunc, <expan abbr="q̃tũ">quantum</expan> ea <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan>, <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> Auerroes attulit in Themiſtium. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eadẽ">Eadem</expan> eſt cauſſa, inquit, finis & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt <expan abbr="gr̃a">gratia</expan> finis. </s> <s>Sed quies eſt finis motus. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſt cauſſa motus & quietis <expan abbr="elemẽtorũ">elementorum</expan>. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> cauſ<lb></lb>ſa motus <expan abbr="elemẽtorũ">elementorum</expan> eſt, eſſe extra <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>; cauſſa <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> quietis <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ipſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fuerit, & contra: <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <lb></lb>ſint in proprio loco, erit cauſſa, vt ad loca ſua <expan abbr="cõcitent̃">concitentur</expan>. </s> <s>Prætereà poſitis cauſsis primis, effectus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> qui <lb></lb>ab illis proximè <expan abbr="pẽdẽt">pendent</expan>, & ipſi <expan abbr="ponent̃">ponentur</expan>: ſed eſſe extra <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> eſt cauſſa, cur terra <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> quod erit extra medium, <expan abbr="mouebit̃">mouebitur</expan> ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>; & <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> ſi eſſe in medio cauſſa eſt, cur quieſcat cor<lb></lb>pus: ignis <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, cùm fuerit in medio, <expan abbr="p̨maneat">permaneat</expan> <expan abbr="ibidẽ">ibidem</expan> neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ad primum <expan abbr="Alexãder">Alexander</expan> & The<lb></lb>miſtius optimè dicere <expan abbr="pñt">poſſunt</expan>, <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> finis & eorum, <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> ſunt inſtituta in <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ſpecialẽ">ſpecialem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="gñalem">generalem</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, & <expan abbr="hui9">huius</expan><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> primò, alterius <expan abbr="ſcdo">ſecundo</expan>, huius proximè, illius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> remotè, <lb></lb>vtputa, <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tum eſt cauſſa <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan>, vbi elementa ſint extra <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="ſedẽ">ſedem</expan>: <expan abbr="qetis">quietis</expan> <expan abbr="ãt">aut</expan>, vbi <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> ſedem oc<lb></lb>cuparunt: <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> cauſſa, dum <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> manebit im<expan abbr="p̨fectum">perfectum</expan>, quietis <expan abbr="ãt">aut</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> fuerit: <expan abbr="p̃tereà">praetereà</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſa motus, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="impeditũ">impeditum</expan> fuerit, ne dum <expan abbr="gignebat̃">gignebatur</expan>, in ſuum locum peruenerit, & hoc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> forma<lb></lb>liter <expan abbr="p̃ſtabit">pnſtabit</expan>, illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt eius <expan abbr="gr̃a">gratia</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> eſſe in loco proprio, quia ſit cauſſa quietis, erit cauſſa proxi<lb></lb>ma, cur eò <expan abbr="cõcitet̃">concitetur</expan>, ſed cauſſa <expan abbr="gñalis">gnnalis</expan> ſolùm quę <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> diſpoſitionem, vel <expan abbr="cæterarũ">cæterarum</expan> cauſſarum ſocieta<lb></lb>tem, erit cauſſa <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan>, aliter verò ſe <expan abbr="hñs">habens</expan>, & ab alijs cauſsis adiuta <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> efficiet. </s> <s>ita vt in <expan abbr="argõ">argumento</expan> fallacia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2899"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lateat ex figura dictionis, dum vna <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> diſpoſitio <expan abbr="cõprehendit̃">comprehenditur</expan> in aſſumpto: altera verò infertur <expan abbr="in-cõſequente">in<lb></lb>conſequente</expan>. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> verò ſic diceret eorum ſectator, <expan abbr="argumẽtũ">argumentum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> virìum à <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> quid ad ſim<lb></lb>pliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe extra <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> cauſſa prima motus, atqui eſt ea <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan> cauſſæ, & eſt cauſſa <lb></lb><expan abbr="limitãs">limitans</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> efficiens, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> patefaciens <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> (ſi <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan> credimus) vbi terra ſit extra <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum, nec impedita eſt cauſſa abſoluta motus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod extra <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> eſt, eò <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtendat">contendat</expan>, ſed ſi fuerit graue, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſſe in medio <expan abbr="qetis">quietis</expan> erit cauſſa, niſi eò p <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> <expan abbr="p̨uenerit">peruenerit</expan>, & in illo <lb></lb>maneat <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc planè, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Auerroes obiicit, <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> ipſos <expan abbr="valerẽt">valerent</expan>, ſi ſola natura ſimpliciter <expan abbr="v-trũq.">v<lb></lb>trunque</expan> <expan abbr="mun9">munus</expan> <expan abbr="p̃ſtaret">praeſtaret</expan>. </s> <s>Ita igitur Græci diſſerunt, & ea <expan abbr="profitent̃">profitentur</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Auerrois impetum ſuſtinere poſsint.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2896"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2897"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2898"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2899"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd omnia, quæ rectà mouentur habeant aliquem motum naturalem Cap. </s> <s>XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OMNIA verò corpora naturalia <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> recta <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, & <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueri, & manere, & eſſe gra<lb></lb>uia aut leuia nos olim ab initio docuimus. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> id ad rudiorem <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="dã">dam</expan> <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> <expan abbr="faciẽdã">faciendam</expan> eo <lb></lb><expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> fuerat vſurpatum, nunc ſubtilius <expan abbr="exquirat̃">exquiratur</expan>. </s> <s>hoc verò <expan abbr="diſcet̃">diſcetur</expan> ex his. </s> <s>Etenim hæc moueri, <expan abbr="locumq́">locumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>mutare ſenſui <expan abbr="p̨ſpicuum">perſpicuum</expan> ſic eſt, vt illi nihil <expan abbr="euidẽtius">euidentius</expan>. </s> <s>aut <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ille <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> ineſt in corpore naturali, <expan abbr="tãq̃">tanquae</expan> <lb></lb>eius proprius, aut <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> alienus, & intrinſecus ad eum motum emanante propenſione, aut aliena <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> <lb></lb>vi. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæ ſunt primæ differentiæ motus, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> poſteà multæ <expan abbr="comitant̃">comitantur</expan>: vtputa quae motus naturalis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2900"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnus ſit, natura <expan abbr="ſp">ſemper</expan> vnum exquirente, & <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃to">quanto</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> odio, proſequente: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> vnum ſit ini<lb></lb>tium, & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> perfectionis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="proficiſcit̃">proficiſcitur</expan> à forma, cuius vis eſt terminare, & vnum facere, cùm alioqui mul<lb></lb>titudo <expan abbr="naſcat̃">naſcatur</expan> à materia, <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> extentio, diuiſio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> imperfectionis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> permanat. </s> <s>vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>partib. <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> p definitionem <expan abbr="explicat̃">explicatur</expan>, ordo ſit nullus, quia nulla multitudo: tota eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> indiuidua defini<lb></lb>tio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inde <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> auferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin totum protinus <expan abbr="euertat̃">euertatur</expan>: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>, ac mentis <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan> <lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="aĩali">ainali</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſenſus abſtrahi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin protinus <expan abbr="hõ">homo</expan> intereat. </s> <s><expan abbr="iõ">ideo</expan> qui <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> definitionis ignorat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> partim <lb></lb>quidem ſcit, partim neſcit, ſed omnino totum incognitum habeat neceſſe eſt, quae ſi quis ordo ſpecte<lb></lb>tur inter partes definitionis, non pertinet ille quidem ad partes ſubſtantiæ, qua ſubſtantiæ ſunt, ſed <lb></lb>ad mentem noſtram, quæ comprehendit ordine partes illarum notionum <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> eſſentia conſiſtit, ita <lb></lb>ex forma <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, abeſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> multitudo: vt non ſolùm ab ea multitudo ſimpliciter, verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ordi<lb></lb>nata multitudo proficiſci poſsit. </s> <s>Sed redeo ad motum. </s> <s>Naturalis igitur vnus. </s> <s>violentus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, & præ<lb></lb>ter naturam multiplex, atque adeò infinitus, ſiquidem id quod <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan>, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit, à recto verò declinare <lb></lb>contingit plurib. modis. </s> <s>proinde virtus vna, quæ medio <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>: vitia vno plura, & vna ſanitas, quæ <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> calidorum frigidorum, humidorum, <expan abbr="ſiccorumq́">ſiccorumque</expan>. </s> <s>poſita eſt, accidit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> miris eam variari mo<pb pagenum="472"></pb>dis, & quanuis Ariſt. </s> <s>vnum præter naturam opponat vni, qui eſt ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>at ibi agit de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2901"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motu ſimplici & de vno primo ad quem cæteri referuntur qui ſunt præter naturam: nanque etſi <lb></lb>terra directò tendit ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam: illi contrarius qui à centro item fit. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> di<lb></lb>rectò. </s> <s>ſed & præter naturam erit <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ab eodem puncto aliter fiet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad perpendiculum: <expan abbr="atta-mẽ">atta<lb></lb>men</expan> erit ob id præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quia refertur ad hunc ipſum qui ſimpliciter talis eſt: nam ſic corpus il<lb></lb>lud contrario motu agitatum eſſe cenſebitur <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſupputata ex interuallo, quod linea à centro ad <lb></lb>perpendiculum erecta permetitur, licèt in latus fuerit motum. </s> <s>Naturalis item motus eſt à loco <expan abbr="p̃ter">praeter</expan> <lb></lb>naturam, & properat in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> naturalem, & ibi terminatur. </s> <s>adeò vt corpus ibidem quieſcat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in<lb></lb>de ſine aliqua vi queat auelli. </s> <s>motus violentus contrà eſt à loco naturali; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> feſtinat: ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> aliena vi concitatur, nec manet in eo loco, ad quem fertur, niſi detineatur ab alio: ac ſi dimit<lb></lb>tatur, ab eo ſine vlla vi diſcedit. </s> <s>Idcirco motus naturalis eſt perfectio & vita, violentus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> imperfe<lb></lb>ctio & interitus. </s> <s>Naturalis in principio ſegnior, in fine velocior: violentus <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> celerior in principio, <lb></lb>in fine verò inertior. </s> <s>Naturalis perpetuus <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> in ſuum locum, & aſsiduus: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> extra proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>moretur, nec vi detineatur elementum. </s> <s>ex aduerſo violentus interruptus, & toties, quoties accidit <lb></lb>elangueſcere vim quę <expan abbr="cõicatur">conicatur</expan> extrinſecùs, quæ olim neceſſariò ceſſabit. </s> <s>Naturalis in plurib. ineſt, <lb></lb>violentus in paucis, qui <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> fit, ordinem <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan>, qui verò præter naturam, ordine vacat. </s> <s>Hiſce <lb></lb>modis cùm varietur motus naturalis, quæritur nunc, an ille motus, quo <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> afficitur, ingeni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2902"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus'ne an ab aliena vi ſit impreſſus, quae ſi proprius ſit ille motus, & exoriens ab ea <expan abbr="propẽſione">propenſione</expan> quæ co<lb></lb>mitatur formæ eius quod mouetur; <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> iam erit ille quem quærimus, ſi verò alienus, & ab externa <lb></lb>vi <expan abbr="cõicatus">conicatus</expan>, nulla ad ipſum præcedente propenſione, iam erit violentus. </s> <s>id verò eſt, præter naturam, <lb></lb>at ſi præter naturam antecedere item oportet alium quempiam qui ſit naturalis, vel ipſi contrarius. <lb></lb></s> <s>vel idem, ſed in alio corpore, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi vnus ineſt in vno corpore præter naturam, alter illi contra<lb></lb>rius inerit <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam: vt ſi aſcenſus inſit in terra præter naturam, illi inerit <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam deſcen<lb></lb>ſus; & aſcenſus idem qui terræ inſit pręter naturam, in igni <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam inſidebit. </s> <s>quare, ſiquis <expan abbr="oĩ-no">omni<lb></lb>no</expan> ſit motus, neceſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt eſſe motum naturalem: <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> illud corpus naturale ſit, quod <lb></lb>mouetur: & <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ſit ille, quo agitur motu. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm ab ipſo motu, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à quiete <expan abbr="cõ-cludi">con<lb></lb>cludi</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe motum naturalem: proptereà quae ipſa quies aut eſt naturalis, aut præter naturam: quae ſi <lb></lb>præter naturam. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alia quies erit naturalis: etenim aut illi contraria .i. </s> <s>in contrario loco; aut al<lb></lb>terius corporis in eodem; quia ſi terra manet aliqua vi ſurſum, deorſum manere fuerit illi <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> na<lb></lb>turam: fuerit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> igni <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam manere ſuperius. </s> <s>Si verò <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam quieſcit vſpiam terra, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>eò mouetur <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam: nam motus naturalis, vt dictum eſt, ad eum eſt locum, in quo maneat <lb></lb>corpus <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Ita ergo procedunt Ariſtotelicæ <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> à motu & quiete tanquam in <expan abbr="cõmuni-">communi<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2903"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus ad vnum. </s> <s>ſi primum non eſt, ergo nec reliqua: ſi reliqua ſunt; ergo & illud primum: primum <lb></lb>verò eſt motus naturalis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc rerum naturæ conſentiunt; non illa, quæ Timæus, Democritus, <lb></lb>aut Anaxagoras olim profeſsi ſunt. </s> <s>Democritus quidem <expan abbr="dicẽs">dicens</expan> moueri prima corpora; ſunt verò hęc <lb></lb>atomi & magnitudines inſectiles, per vacuum <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> infinito. </s> <s>Timæus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> elementa ſine ordine moue<lb></lb>ri, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> mundus genitus eſſet. </s> <s>quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erat, quod in cernendi ſenſum caderet, id ſibi aſſumpſit <lb></lb>Deus, non tranquillum & quietum, ſed immoderatè agitatum & fluctuans: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ex inordinato in or<lb></lb>dinem adduxit. </s> <s>Atque Empedocles ſine ordine, miſceri partes, & prout in mixtura conuenirent, <lb></lb>etiam naturalia corpora <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> conſtitui. </s> <s>ita enim cecinit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2900"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2901"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2902"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2903"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ὡς πολλῶν μὲν κόρσαι ἀναύχενες ἐβλάστησαν</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>vbi .ſ. </s> <s>nondum obtinuerit amicitia; ſed iam rerum poſitura ſit. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea monſtrant, quæ cecinit idem <lb></lb>auctor hiſce verbis <foreign lang="grc">οὔπω <lb></lb> Νεῖκος ἁπαν ὐπεχώρισεν ἕπ' ἔχατα τέρματακύκλου. <lb></lb> Αλλὰ τὰ μὲν μελέων ἐνεμιμνεν, τὰ δ' ἐβεβήκει. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"><lb></lb> Οσσον δ' αἰεν ὐπεκπροαθὲοι τόσον αἰὲν ἐπῃει <lb></lb> Ἡπιοψων φιλότιτος άμεμφέος άμβροτος ὁρμὴ</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2904"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2904"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἀυτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μειζον ἐμισγετο δαιμονι δαιμων <lb></lb> Ταῦθ' ἁτεμὴ πόπτεσκον ὁπη συνήκυρσειν ἑκαστα <lb></lb> Ἄλλά τε πρὸς τοῖς πολλἀ διηνεκῆ ἐξεγένοντο</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> occurrere licebit, eos motus in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> infinito aut eſſe <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="p̃ter">praeter</expan> <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan>: ac ſi <expan abbr="p̃ter">praeter</expan> <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <lb></lb>fuerint, oportere <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="quempiã">quempiam</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, <expan abbr="p̃ter">praeter</expan> <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ille ſit <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="p̃ter">praeter</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> vocamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> <lb></lb>quae oportet id, quod primò mouet, non mouere <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> vi & contra propenſionem, ſed <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: <expan abbr="qñ-quidẽ">quando<lb></lb>quidem</expan> ſi vi moueret, neceſſe foret, vt <expan abbr="moueret̃">moueretur</expan>: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> moueretur ab alio. </s> <s>ita fieret abitio mouentium in <lb></lb><expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod mouet <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vel ita mouet, vt <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, velut <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>, vel quae per quali<lb></lb>tates, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vim <expan abbr="hñt">habent</expan> afficiendi, formę <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan>, ſeu <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> mobili incutiat; quod ſanè citra motum <lb></lb>mouentis fieri contingit, vt ſuprà diximus. </s> <s>hæc abſunt ab eo, quod mouet <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: aliter moue<lb></lb>ret <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, hoc verò oppugnat hypotheſin. </s> <s>idcirco id quod mouet <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> mouet, <expan abbr="mo-ueat̃">mo<lb></lb>ueatur</expan> neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>addo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> & <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> motu. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> vllus eſſet motor. </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id, <lb></lb><expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="ſeqt̃">ſequitur</expan>: nec vbi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>. </s> <s>Et illud vrget <expan abbr="Timęũ">Timęum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> ſi <expan abbr="mouebãt̃">mouebantur</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, illo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motu neceſſe erat ipſa cieri, quo <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽt̃">mouentur</expan>: grauia <expan abbr="dorsũ">dorsum</expan>, & leuia <expan abbr="ſursũ">ſursum</expan>, <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſi <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> </s></p> <pb pagenum="473"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2905"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt mundus, & eius eſſentia hic eſt ordo: profectò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tum mundum eſſe <expan abbr="oportuit̃">oportuitur</expan>, antequàm factus eſ<lb></lb>ſet. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſi partes mouebantur, quemadmodum nunc mouentur, vt ex illis ea fierent quæ ſunt <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam: <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id non erat ſine ordine moueri, quemadmodum canebat Empedocles, ſed or<lb></lb>dinatè, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>Rurſus aut mouens vnum eſt, aut plura. </s> <s>ſi vnum ſanè: ergo & vnus mo<lb></lb>tus, nulla igitur ordinis aderat perturbatio: ſiquidem ea non cadat in vnum, ſed in multa, ſi plura aut <lb></lb>ea finita fuerunt, aut infinita. </s> <s>quòd ſi infinita extitiſſent; cùm <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> mouens efficiat ſuum pro<lb></lb>prium ipſius motum; ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus erunt infiniti, quae ſi finiti fuerint motus: ordinem igitur adeſſe <expan abbr="cõ-tinget">con<lb></lb>tinget</expan>, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi in multitudinem ordinis carentia cadit; ordo item in multitudine ſpectari debet, <lb></lb>opponuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propterea verſantur in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi in infinito ordinem eſſe non contingit <lb></lb>finito ipſi non repugnabit, ſi tu contingentium nexus & ſequelas ab Ariſt. </s> <s>paſsim vſurpatas non <lb></lb>ignoras. </s> <s>Non igitur ſine ordine corpora monebantur: quemadmodum ipſe ponebat. </s> <s>Id etiam, quod <lb></lb>vacat ordine, præter naturam eſt quae ſi præter naturam eſſe flagitat id, quod eſt, eſſe ſecundùm natu<lb></lb>ram: ordine vacans igitur ordinem poſtulabit, cuius tranſgreſsio eſt ordinis perturbatio; & id, <lb></lb>quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, præter quod eſt id præter naturam. </s> <s>Si igitur infinito tempore fa<lb></lb>ctum hoc eſt, ordo verò breui, certè id quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, diuturnius erit eo, quod præ<lb></lb>ter naturam, aut ſi ſecundùm naturam hęc habentur: & motus illi tempore infinito ſecundùm na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2906"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turam fuerunt. </s> <s>Paullò melius igitur Anaxagoras, qui infinitam quietem ortui mundi præceſsiſſe au<lb></lb>tumat; & alij <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nonnulli, qui mundum ſegregatione generantes prius ſtatuebant congregatio<lb></lb>nem quorundam, è quorum ſegregatione mundum poſteà fieri dicerent. </s> <s>è ſegregatis enim mundus <lb></lb>fieri nequit: cùm enim eorum ſententia per ſegregationem fiat, eſſet <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> priuſquam fieret; in his e<lb></lb>numerandus eſt etiam Empedocles, qui cùm omnium maximè concretione <expan abbr="ſecretioneq́">ſecretioneque</expan>. </s> <s>pro prin<lb></lb>cipijs vteretur, amicitiam tamen omittit: nam quia concretionis cauſſa foret, auctor eſſe mundi non <lb></lb>poterat ex ſecretione exiſtit: ſed litem aſſumpſit quæ per ſecretionem è concretis mundum conſti<lb></lb>tueret. </s> <s>Cùm igitur diſcretio, vt ipſi volunt, ordinis carentia ſit, & pręter naturam: ex altera parte con<lb></lb>cretio, vnum, ordo & quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, defendere facilè potuerunt talem concretionem <lb></lb>ortui mundi <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> infinito pręceſsiſſe, & idcirco id quod <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> naturam eſt, ei quod eſt pręter naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Planum igitur ex his eſt, omnia corpora naturalia motu aliquo prędita eſſe, qui ſit <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> naturam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2905"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2906"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Omnia quæ rectà mouentur grauia aut leuia fore concluditur. </s> <s>Caput XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVOD autem hic ſit grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>motus, poſthàc <expan abbr="ſpectandũ">ſpectandum</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>luculentiſsimis de<lb></lb>monſtrationib. ſignificat nobis Ariſt. </s> <s>quarum prima ſuper his omnib. ſtruitur. </s> <s>Motum eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2907"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adeò, vt id prorſus neceſſarium ſit: nam ſiue corpora cęleſtia, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ea quę nobis familiaria ſunt, in<lb></lb>tuemur: motus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> neceſſarius eſt. </s> <s>illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perpetuo & <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> interituro motu voluuntur, à quo p <lb></lb>aſtrorum adductionem <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> generatio propagatur, per abductionem verò fit interitus. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id perpe<lb></lb>tua quadam viciſsitudine, dum verò fiunt ortus & interitus, fit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus elementorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>dum gignuntur; & quoniam dum intereunt: alia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> illis oppoſita producuntur: ob id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & illa <lb></lb>moueantur opportet. </s> <s>Deinde motum aut à medio, aut ad medium ſine propenſione quadam exer<lb></lb>ceri non poſſe: ex eo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc mouentur ad centrum; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> habent propenſionem ad hunc locum. </s> <s>cę<lb></lb>tera quæ tali carent propenſione, non quidem ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, ſed aliò mouentur. </s> <s>ac ſi forte aliò mouean<lb></lb>tur, vtputa ad vltimum, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> propenſionem habeant neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Tertiò ſit totum in aliquo tem<lb></lb>pore per quoddam ſpatium mouetur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dimidium in eodem tempore per dimidium ſpatij feretur, <lb></lb>& ea demum erit proportio ſpatij ad ſpatium quæ fuerit mobilium. </s> <s>Probabile item eſt, id quod ha<lb></lb>bet aliquò propenſionem, velocius eo ferri, quàm id quod ea careat. </s> <s>His ita poſitis <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> con<lb></lb>ſtituitur hoc pacto. </s> <s>Primùm in motib. naturalib. Si naturalia corpora carent grauitate, aut leuitate, <lb></lb>ergo in eodem <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> mouebitur id quod <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> grauitatem, & id quod ea caret. </s> <s>Ita verò probatur <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2908"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nexum per illud euidentię genus quod Græci nuncupant <foreign lang="grc">ἔκθεσιν</foreign>, nos <expan abbr="expoſitionẽ">expoſitionem</expan> dicamus, <expan abbr="verbũ">verbum</expan> <lb></lb>ex verbo reddentes. </s> <s>etenim ſit aliquod mobile grauitate carens, vt A. quod <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> per <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> C.D. <lb></lb>in toto <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> F.G. & B. graue quod <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> per <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> C.H. in eodem <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maior ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> C.D. quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> gra<lb></lb>ue eſt, velocius fertur, quam alterum illud quod caret grauitate. </s> <s>diuidat hoc graue. </s> <s>ita vt <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> ha<lb></lb>beat <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> pondus B. ad alterum pondus, quam <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> linea C.H. ad C.D. ergo mouebitur eodem <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>pars ipſius B. per <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> C.D. & per idem ſpatium mouebatur illud corpus. </s> <s>quod grauitate carebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="mouebit̃">mouebitur</expan> corpus aliquod graue, & alterum <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> careat grauitate cęteris <lb></lb>parib. ad <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>. </s> <s>hoc verò <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> eſt, ne <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> fieri non poſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idẽ">Idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſecunda <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="concludit̃">concluditur</expan> <lb></lb>in motib. violentis. </s> <s>in ea verò <expan abbr="cõcipitur">concipitur</expan> <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan>. </s> <s>quod minus eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> leuius ab eadem facultate magis <lb></lb>moueri, & <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> ſpatij plus meare, <expan abbr="q̃ta">quanta</expan> eſt exuperantia virtutis mouentis ad mobile. </s> <s>facultatem verò <lb></lb>hîc externam intelligo, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab eodem Ariſt. </s> <s>accepta <expan abbr="qñq.">quandoque</expan> eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ vim affert, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2909"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouet <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam, leuius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod minus graue eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="argm̃">argumentum</expan> verò & <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>. </s> <s>Si corpus grauitate ca<lb></lb>ret: ergo in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="mouebit̃">mouebitur</expan> per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> grauitate caret, & graue. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> eſt: ergo <lb></lb>& id ex quo <expan abbr="ſeqt̃">ſequitur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõiunctũ">Coniunctum</expan> verò <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> methodo <expan abbr="mõſtrat̃">monſtratur</expan>. </s> <s>Sint <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> mobilia, vnùm <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> grauitate ca<lb></lb>ret A. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt graue B. p duo ſpatia <expan abbr="moueant̃">moueantur</expan>: A. <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> p CH.B. verò per C.D. <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> ęquali, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>eſt pars ipſius C.H. <expan abbr="diuidat̃">diuidatur</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> mobile B. in <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> ad <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> C.D. ad <pb pagenum="474"></pb>C.H. ergo in æquali tempore mouebitur pars ipſius B. per lineam C.H. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> moueretur B. per ſpa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2910"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tium C.D. tantum enim ratio velocitatis augetur in minore, quantò maius erat totum mobile, <lb></lb>quàm pars. </s> <s>Atqui in eodem tempore mouebatur id quod grauitate caret, & graue, quod ſi eſt. </s> <s>ne<lb></lb>que virtus ocyus mouebit id quod eſt minus graue: hoc verò iam acceptis aduerſatur. </s> <s>Itaque ſi mo<lb></lb>bile ſine grauitate mouetur, debet tranſilire omne id ſpatium quod conficit graue & tantò plus <lb></lb>quanto virtutis ratio ad id quod grauę non eſt, ſuperat rationem virtutis ad id quod graue eſt, ita<lb></lb>que ducetur grauitate carens vltra omne ſpatium: ergo in infinitum: cùm <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hoc abſurdum ſit, di<lb></lb>cemus tale non eſſe corpus illud quod careat pondere. </s> <s>Sic & à propenſione naturali & ab alienæ <lb></lb>virtutis conditione concluditur omne corpus, quod recta mouetur, eſſe neceſſariò graue, aut leue: <lb></lb>graue id ſcilicet, quod ad medium agitur, leue autem, quod à medio. </s> <s>Quanquam hęc poſtrema ra<lb></lb>tionis huiuſce pars valde accedit ad veritatem demonſtratiuam, cùm cæteroqui parùm præſeferat <lb></lb>abſurditatis, ita enim differt abſurdum ab eo quod fieri nequit, vt id ſit contrà opinionem; alterum <lb></lb>verò oppugnet naturam. </s> <s>quandoquidem infinitum bifariam acceptum eſt; ſecundùm veritatem, & <lb></lb>ſecundùm opinionem Antiquorum: ita enim ſtatuit Ariſtoteles infinitum, id cui poteſt additio fie<lb></lb>ri, & quod ad terminum quendam perduci poteſt; atque adeò, vt finitum ſit ſpatium, quod intra <lb></lb>cęli ambitum continetur. </s> <s>intra hoc tamen ſit infinitum. </s> <s>Antiqui contra dicebant, infinitum omnia <lb></lb>complecti, & eſſe illud, extra quod nil accipi poſſet; ita ſuperare finitum. </s> <s>In hoc ergo ſignificato <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2911"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod eſt ſecundùm famam, acceptum infinitum, concederetur ab illis: ideòque non eſſet apud ipſos <lb></lb>abſurdum. </s> <s>apud eos autem inuenit fidem demonſtratiuam, qui receperunt ea quæ de infinito, tùm <lb></lb>3. Phyſ. tùm etiam 1. de cęlo demonſtrata ſunt. </s> <s>Sic ergo duo ſunt genera corporum: duo quoque <lb></lb>genera motuum. </s> <s>ſpecies autem, aut partes quattuor; binę <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> generis, atque adeò, vt motuum <lb></lb><expan abbr="corporumq́ue">corporumque</expan> ſpecies ſibi viciſsim reſpondere videantur. </s> <s>ex quo factum fuiſſe puto, vt philoſophi <lb></lb>ſtatuerint, vnum motum vnius eſſe corporis; & contrà vnum corpus vnico motu agitari; & ſi fue<lb></lb>rit ſimplex, vno ſimplici, ac compoſitum, vno qui ſit compoſitus: licet is redoleat eius motum, qui <lb></lb>primas obtinet in compoſitione.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2907"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2908"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2909"></margin.target>a 3 de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2910"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2911"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur vtrùm vnius corporis ſimplicis vnus tantùm, plures'ne ſint <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ET quanuis id optimè ſe habeat, & ſecundùm rationem: par enim ratio atque progreſſus eſſe <lb></lb>videtur cauſſarum, vel principiorum, & effectuum qui proximè procedunt ex illis: vt, ſi princi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2912"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pium ſimplex & effectus ſimplex: & contrà, ſimplex effectus cauſſam ſimplicem ſignificet. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſimile-q́ue">ſimile<lb></lb>que</expan> iudicium de compoſitis faciendum ſit. </s> <s>Attamen non vacat id maximis dubitationibus, quę <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>neque apud omnes eundem inueniant exitum. </s> <s>nanque aër ſimul aſcendit & deſcendit: aſcendit ſa<lb></lb>nè, dum tendit ad ignem, & opplet hoc ſpatium quod eſt intra cęlum & terram. </s> <s>deſcendit verò, <lb></lb>quia ſi terra fodiatur, in locum effoſſæ continuò irrumpit aër. </s> <s>Aqua item è centro terrę mouetur ad <lb></lb>eius ſuperficiem, <expan abbr="eademq́ue">eademque</expan> diſcendit è ſecunda regione aëris, quemadmodum fit in pluuiis. </s> <s>Vide<lb></lb>tur etiam nonnunquam deſcendere ignis, quando extincta candela, dum edit adhuc fumum quen<lb></lb>dam craſsiorem, alteri accenſę ſupponitur. </s> <s>ea quoque incenditur, quæ infra eſt, nec ibi præſtò quic<lb></lb>quam eſt, quod igni vim afferre poſsit, vt appareat eum motum prorſus eſſe naturalem. </s> <s>In motu <lb></lb>etiam proiectorum conſtat, aërem impetum <expan abbr="ſuſq́ue">ſuſque</expan> <expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>accipere; ac ſi tibi videatur hic motus quo<lb></lb>quo pacto violentus, motum grauium <expan abbr="leuiumq́ue">leuiumque</expan> obſerua, qui ſine motu medij fieri nequit, quòd <lb></lb>vtrunque impetum ad terminos oppoſitos excipiat. </s> <s>Hæc contrà dubitata. </s> <s>Vt autem huiuſmodi <expan abbr="cõ-trouerſiam">con<lb></lb>trouerſiam</expan> dirimant, altercantur inter ſe Peripatetici: atque aliqui ex his manus dantes illi hypo<lb></lb>theſi, & omnino credentes vnum motum ſimplicem eſſe corporis vnius ſimplicis; atque alteri quæ <lb></lb>cum hac remeat, vnum ſcilicet corpus ſimplex vnico, & illo quidem ſimplici motu concitari, opi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2913"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nantur omnes alios motus, quibus aguntur iſta corpora, præter illum ſolum qui manifeſte <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>naturam eſt, eſſe præter naturam. </s> <s>Aut ſi ſecundùm naturam, eſſe non quidem per ſe, verùm per acci<lb></lb>dens, hoc eſt, non eſſe, vt locum ſuum conſequantur, cuius rei gratia mouentur, nec à cauſſa præfini<lb></lb>ta, & aliquem ordinem habente in natura: ſed vt nullius rei gratia, aut alterius cuiuſpiam alienæ, at<lb></lb>que externæ, & ab incerta & inordinata cauſſa. </s> <s>Verùm ego ex illis libentiſsimè <expan abbr="quærerẽ">quærerem</expan>, non'ne de<lb></lb>finitur motus termino ad quem? </s> <s>vtique quòd ſi terminus ad quem eſt ſecundùm naturam: ergo e<lb></lb>tiam motus ad eum terminum erit naturalis. </s> <s>Eſſe verò naturalem locum aquæ aut aëri quem nos <lb></lb>antea ſignificauimus, ex eo perſpicitur, quia manet ibi corpus ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inde abſtra<lb></lb>hitur ſine vi, ac ſi alibi cùm ſit, ſuæ naturæ permittatur, ad eum continuò fertur. </s> <s>Sit ergo terræ ſuper<lb></lb>ficies. </s> <s>ad eam <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> fertur aqua, <expan abbr="ibidemq́">ibidemque</expan>. </s> <s>manet, neque inde, niſi vi diuelli poteſt ergo locus il<lb></lb>le eſt ei naturalis, <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> illò commigret. </s> <s>Dices fortaſſe terminum eius motus eſſe per accidens; <lb></lb>ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam & ſpatium illud per accidens pertranſiri, & motum eſſe per accidens & idcircò <lb></lb>non ex rei natura. </s> <s>Nam id quod eſt ſecundùm naturam: omnino repugnat accidenti, cùm hoc fiat <lb></lb>inſolenter, & rarò, frequentius autem <expan abbr="vulgoq́">vulgoque</expan>. </s> <s>illud. </s> <s>Quamobrem alij detrahentes Ariſtotelicæ hy<lb></lb>potheſi concedunt, nonmodò varios motus aquæ naturales eſſe, verùm etiam aquam tres ob cauſ <pb pagenum="475"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2914"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſas aſcendere pro ſua natura poſſe. </s> <s>Primùm quidem quando corpori graui ſubiiciatur, vtputa, terrę, <lb></lb>aut plumbo: & terra quærendo ſuum locum irrepat in eum, quem antè occupauerit aqua, & quaſi <lb></lb>extrudens <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> pellat ſurſum: nam cùm ſit motus iſtę aquæ ad ſuum locum qui eſt ſupra terram erit <lb></lb>ille naturalis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat (vt etiam hoc in ea cauſſa pro illis addam) quae ſit pulſus qui cùm fit motus <lb></lb>ab alio, poſsit exiſtimari violentus: quandò non ſimpliciter eſt <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, quia non ad aliquem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, qui <lb></lb>ſit aquæ præter naturam, nec ſecus, àc ſiquis lapidem pellat deorſum, efficit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motum illum velocio<lb></lb>rem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſuapte natura fuiſſet, at velocitas eſt affectio quædam, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> differentia motus, & variat q<lb></lb>dem motum ſecundùm accidens, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per ſe, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="tantumq́">tantumque</expan>. </s> <s>tribuerunt huic cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ viri doctiſsimi, vt & tale pondus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> onus ſibi ipſis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab aquis, & in proprio loco imponi, & <expan abbr="cõ-tra">con<lb></lb>tra</expan> ſe adminiſtrari putarint: & eo cauſſam reddiderint, cur in editiſsimis montib. gelidæ fontium pe<lb></lb>rennitates in magna copia ſcaturiant, arbitror <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eos idem eſſe dicturos, vbi rationem explicare ve<lb></lb>lint, cur per aquæductus aſcendat aqua tantum, quantum ipſa deſcendit, aut paullominus. </s> <s>Alteram <lb></lb>verò cauſſam adſcribunt aſcenſus in aqua, ad vacuum .ſ. </s> <s>tollendum: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id naturale, vt vacuum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, & corpora naturalia ſimul iuncta ſint, vt omnis eorum virtus à cęlo regi poſsit, & proximis de<lb></lb>inceps impertiri, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> virtutes naturales <expan abbr="cõicari">conicari</expan> ſolent. </s> <s>ita cùm ſit talis motus ad rerum naturam tu <lb></lb>tandam inſtitutus, erit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſe ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Adiiciunt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tertiam, quæ eſt affectio materiæ, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2915"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>veluti cùm aſcendit aqua ſuper filum, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſuperat corpus quod ipſam ſupereminet. </s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi ſint <lb></lb>aëris partes, quæ ex aquæ <expan abbr="cõtactu">contactu</expan> verti poſsint in aquam; <expan abbr="itaq́">itaque</expan>. </s> <s>minorem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> occupare, vt ſpatium <lb></lb>quod deſertum eſt, ſuppleant; fit vt locum ſuperiorem ſibi <expan abbr="cõparet">comparet</expan>, & aſcendat. </s> <s>Hinc ipſi dicere poſ<lb></lb>ſunt ad allatas inſtantias: & ad motum aëris in terrę cauitates, & ad aquæ aſcenſum: talem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſe naturalem quae à natura efficiatur ad vacuum tollendum. </s> <s>ſic vbi è terræ centro ad eius ſuperficiem <lb></lb>aqua feratur, hic motus eſt naturalis: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> & motus terræ <expan abbr="deprimẽtis">deprimentis</expan> fit ad ſuum locum <expan abbr="adipiſcẽ-dum">adipiſcen<lb></lb>dum</expan>, & aqua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex illo motu ſuum locum aſſequitur. </s> <s>Ignem verò deſcendere ob affectionem mate<lb></lb>riæ ferunt. </s> <s>Equidem <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> ſpectat ad id, quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, & ſi ſcio naturam vniuersè ac<lb></lb>cipi ab Ariſt. </s> <s>tùm vbi dictum eſt, Deum & naturam nihil efficere fruſtra: tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vbi aſſeueratum eſt: <lb></lb>à primo <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> cęlum & naturam pendere. </s> <s>prętereà ſigillatim materiam & formam appellatas eſſe <lb></lb>naturas. </s> <s>Tamen ea eſſe vſum <expan abbr="nusq̃">nusquam</expan> mihi contingit obſeruare, aut ad ſummum vno in loco, & ex alio<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, & vt puto, Anaximenis, qui etiam vniuerſalem quandam naturam aſsignauit aërem nimi<lb></lb>rùm. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod ſcribit Ariſt. </s> <s>me perſuadet, & occaſionem prębet tollendi maculam, è contextu Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὸ μὲν ὅλον ἔοικεν ἀίτιον εῖναι καθάπερι Ἀναξαγόρας λέγει</foreign> quæ ſi vertere velimus vt Theodo<lb></lb>rus, admodum pręcisè locutus fuerit Philoſophus, nec ea reſpondent quæ ſequuntur, nam de aëre <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2916"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpeciatim nihil Anaxagoras. </s> <s>At ſi ita conuertamus totum quidem videtur eſſe cauſſa, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum dicit pro Anaxagora Anaximenes: ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totum aërem prædicabat, vt 1. Met. cap. 3. & de cauſ<lb></lb>ſa vniuerſali enuntiatum fuerit, & ſecum congruent, quæ ſcripta ſunt à Philoſopho: nam de aëre <expan abbr="mẽ-tionem">men<lb></lb>tionem</expan> fecit mox Ariſt. </s> <s>Quin etiam ſecundùm naturam duplex ego comperio, & quod eſt ſimplici<lb></lb>ter ſecundùm naturam formæ ſimul, ac materiæ, & ſecundùm quid, vt quod eſt ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>materiæ id .ſ. </s> <s>quod oritur ex neceſsitate materiæ, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt, quod forma non ſuperante frequentius <lb></lb>fieri ſolet, aliter nullo modo foret ſecundùm naturam, ſed omnino & ſimpliciter præter illius ordi<lb></lb>nem. </s> <s>proinde monſtra, quæ ſuſpicari poſsis eſſe ſecundùm naturam; quia ſecundùm vniuerſalem il<lb></lb>lam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> communem, ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ponuntur omnino præter naturam, nec in vniuerſo ordinem vllum <lb></lb>habere videntur, propter quem in illis obſeruari ratio naturæ poſsit quæ tota pendet ab ordine: ſed <lb></lb>in cęteris ordo eſt <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> formæ per ſeipſam, & elementa & mixta cum animata, tum inanima ab <lb></lb>vno primo pendent per ſuam propriam ipſorum formam, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò vt ſingulorum natura conue<lb></lb>niat ad ordinis huiuſce conſeruationem, vt nos anteà copioſius oſtendimus: nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ex vniuerſa<lb></lb>li natura, <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> videtur neceſſarium eſſe quippiam quod ſit ſecundùm naturam illam quam iſti vo<lb></lb>cant vniuerſalem; quia quicquid eſt ſecundùm naturam, aut ſimpliciter eſt, aut ſecundùm naturam, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2917"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiæ, quæ ſunt naturæ ſingulares. </s> <s>Ergo naturale ſecundùm <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> naturam ſimpliciter dari non <lb></lb>puto: ſed elementorum naturam propriam & ſingularem eſſe cauſſam talis ſucceſsionis, ſiue ea ma<lb></lb>teria ſit, ſiue forma: quod in repulſione vacui, credo materiam potius eſſe, quàm formam. </s> <s>quia .ſ. </s> <s>ea <lb></lb>proximè proficiſcitur ab humore, cuius beneficio corpora inter ſeſe connectuntur, atque continuan<lb></lb>tur arctiſsimè: ſigno illud eſt: quoniam aſcenſus grauis prorſus eſt violentus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & quae ex vi vacui ter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2918"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra non aſcendit, cùm prę ſiccitate non continuetur; fortè <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia ſimpliciter grauis, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de<lb></lb>ſcenderet ignis, quoniam ſimpliciter leuis, & <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> cauſſa potius, ſed ea præcipua nempe continua<lb></lb>tio, propter quam inter ſe media elementa conſequuntur, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> cauſſa fuerit, quæ illa concita<lb></lb>uerit, ſeu corrumpens alteram ex ipſis, ſeu de loco pellens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò mihi placet illud quod attu<lb></lb>lit Alexander rationem reddens, cur vaſa quæ vocantur harpagia, ſi digito admoto foramen eorum <lb></lb>ſuperius obturetur, aquam nullam per fui fundi meatus emittant, ſed ſi apertum ſit, liberè emittere <lb></lb>queant: ac docens ob id ita fieri, quoniam ore aperto aër ingrediens aquam deorſum compellit: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> humor ipſe ſponte deorſum labatur, & aër maneat ſuſpenſus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> opprimat, ſed quae <expan abbr="interrumpit̃">interrumpitur</expan> <lb></lb>humidorum continuatio, nequit egredi humor. </s> <s>Cęterùm hæc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſthàc clarius intelligentur. </s> <s>Inte<lb></lb>rim ad euertendam hanc opinionem his contenti ſimus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſnĩę">ſententię</expan> defenduntur primùm di <pb pagenum="476"></pb>centis, vnicum motum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnicum corpus reciprocari. </s> <s>prætereà monentis, ſi quando minus grauia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2919"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per extruſionem factam à magis grauib. aſcendant, illum non fore motum naturalem, deinde teſtan<lb></lb>tis <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum grauium qui fit ſurſum, eſſe præter naturam, vbi etiam meminit de motu qui fit ad <lb></lb>vacuum euertendum; poſtremò aſſeuerantis ignem ſecundùm naturam nullo pacto poſſe deſcende<lb></lb>re, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus euehi terram, & niſi præter naturam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2912"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2913"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2914"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2915"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2916"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2917"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2918"></margin.target>a 4 de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2919"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Spectatur ſigillatim vtrùm aſcenſus aquæ ſit naturalis, an prorſus contra <lb></lb>naturam. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANTO verò illud ab Ariſtotelis doctrina remotius, aquam ſuoptè pondere prægrauatam <lb></lb>ferri ſurſum. </s> <s>Verùm quanuis id facilè aſſenſum apud Peripateticos inunenitet, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> inter iu<lb></lb>niores philoſophos, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illos quidem magni nominis, & multę lectionis <expan abbr="eruditionisq́">eruditionisque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectæ; de <lb></lb>hoc exorta controuerſia eſt, & magnis agitata contentionib. & officij noſtri duximus eſſe, quantum <lb></lb>in nobis eſt, illarum librare rationes, & pro Ariſt. </s> <s>aduerſus tantos viros, de re quæ ad motuum noti<lb></lb>tiam ſpectat, animi noſtri ſententiam proferre. </s> <s>Mouebant hęc Cardanum ad credendum, <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> è ma<lb></lb>ri ad montium cauitates aſcendere non poſſe, vnde flumina exorirentur. </s> <s>Primùm, quae per tantam alti<lb></lb>tudinem quanta eſt è mari ad <expan abbr="montiũ">montium</expan> vertices ipſam aſcendere veriſimile non eſt, & <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> ad <expan abbr="mõ-">mon<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2920"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes perueniat nullam eſſe <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, quin <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> erumpat. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> flumina <expan abbr="diminutũ">diminutum</expan> iri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Tùmẽt">Tùment</expan> <lb></lb>mare ipſum fluminib. non ſuffecturum, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> maxima pars aquarum calore ſolis euaneſcat. </s> <s>Quin <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motum aquæ ſub terra concuſsionem in ea facturum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſuppetere rationem, cur ab illo mon<lb></lb>te fluat aqua, ab alio non item. </s> <s>Poſtremò veriſimile non eſſe tantopere <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> à ſalſedine repugnari. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc quidem ille. </s> <s>verùm quia roboris parum præſeferrent, aduerſarium eius Scaligerum <expan abbr="hoſtemq́">hoſtemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>acerrimum excitarunt ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> partem problematis <expan abbr="defendẽdam">defendendam</expan>, vt quaſi in hoc eos imitatus ſit, <lb></lb>de quibus aliquando Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quibus id ſat eſt, de <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> re tantum decernere, quantum quiſque ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2921"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tueri poſſe confidat, neque rei <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quantum ipſa poſtulat, introſpicere. </s> <s>quamobrem ipſe eò ma<lb></lb>gis <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> affirmauit, quo ſe hiſce obiectionibus ſatisfacere poſſe videret, nec ſiquid aliud vt <lb></lb>gere poſſet animaduertit. </s> <s>Nobis nunc id reliquum eſt, vt alias afferamus quæ plus ſanè poſsint in <lb></lb>ſpeculatione motus quam ad placita Ariſt. </s> <s>exaramus. </s> <s>Nam quòd ea quæ Cardanus afferebat, nihil <lb></lb>habeant momenti, facilè cognoſci poteſt ex his quæ ſubiiciemus. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> attinet ad id quod à ſal<lb></lb>ſedinis ingenio ducebatur (hinc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> initium capiemus <expan abbr="explorãdi">explorandi</expan> rationes illas, cum ex ſolutione pri<lb></lb>mæ, aduerſarij ſententia <expan abbr="cõfirmetur">confirmetur</expan>) <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſalſedinem aqua per <expan abbr="colationẽ">colationem</expan> amittit, etiam ſi per mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2922"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicum ſpatium fiat, ſicuti quotidiano experimento perſpicuum eſt: quoniam in Africæ littoribus <lb></lb>iuxtà mare ſcrobe facta dulces hauriuntur: id, quod non latuit Iulium Cęſarem, qui illò artificio <lb></lb>milites ſiti enectos Alexandriæ tumultuantes retinuit. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars maris tenuuior ſit dulcis; craſſa <lb></lb>ſalſior, quod tenuuius eſt & dulce, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> per terræ foramina <expan abbr="trãſmiſſum">tranſmiſſum</expan>, <expan abbr="liquatumq́">liquatumque</expan>. </s> <s>in ipſam terram ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2923"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>condit, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>effoſſa <expan abbr="cõperitur">comperitur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi littore laxiore continetur, ſalſa idcirco eſt, quia craſsior humor, <lb></lb>qui ſalſus eſt terram per <expan abbr="meatuũ">meatuum</expan> amplitudinem ſubire poteſt. </s> <s>Prætereo prudens alia experimenta, <lb></lb>vt vaſculorum in mare <expan abbr="deiectorũ">deiectorum</expan>; ne chartas aliena collinam induſtria. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́">Cumque</expan>. </s> <s>id opponitur, nul<lb></lb>lam eſſe <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, cur ab illo monte potius aqua fluat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab alio. </s> <s>immo eſt, inquam, nempe variæ mò<lb></lb>tium differentiæ, quòd alij ſolidi ſint, <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> cretoſi, nonnulli glareoſi; vnde poteſt hos aqua pene<lb></lb>trare, non illos, quòd autem motus ille qui fit intra viſcera terræ non concutiat ipſam, in cauſſa eſt <lb></lb>fluxus æquabilitas, & amplitudo canalium ſiue repurgatio. </s> <s>Mare autem Huminibus. </s> <s>non <expan abbr="ſuffectu-rũ">ſuffectu<lb></lb>rum</expan>, quòd maxima pars aquæ calore ſolis abſumatur, parum cogit ob <expan abbr="mutuã">mutuam</expan> gratiæ depenſionem: <lb></lb>tantundem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mari redditur ex pluuiis, quantum de ipſo exhauritur à ſole. </s> <s>Iam verò flumina non <lb></lb>iri diminutum, <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan> inueniat apud illos qui flumina ſolùm ex aquis è mari attractis <expan abbr="cõſtare">conſtare</expan> opinan<lb></lb>tur, ſed <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> ad illa afferunt pluuiæ, <expan abbr="niueſq́">niueſque</expan>., cùm ſoluuntur, non <expan abbr="paruã">paruam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fontes. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2924"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Prima <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ratio efficacior haberi poterit; quippe quæ ab aquilegorum experientia ducta ſit. </s> <s>Non <lb></lb>enim poteſt aqua motu ſublimius euehi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit eius ſuperficies, vnde deriuatur. </s> <s>At id non ſimplici<lb></lb>ter verum eſt; ſed, niſi plus reſiſtatur ab ea portione, quæ ſurſum pellitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> prematur ab illius vi & <lb></lb>pondere quæ vrget. </s> <s>cęterùm vbi vis, & pondus opprimentis maiora ſunt, tum ſurſum pellitur aqua <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> ſublimiorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea ſit, à qua deſcendit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur hoc accidat humano ingenio, quid <lb></lb>vetat <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> quoque machinam fuiſſe naturam: plurima <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aquæ pars extra ſuum locum eſt, & terra <lb></lb>multis peruia ſpecubus, eo in loco qui debebatur aquæ, & à terra occupatus eſt, à cauſſa illa quæ <lb></lb>montes produxit, de qua <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt ſuprà. </s> <s>igitur in illa terræ loca ſeſe indidit, & cùm anguſta ſint <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tantam maris <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> capere queant, compreſſa illa aquæ portio ab extrinſecùs incumbente ma<lb></lb>ri, & ſuas ſedes repetente, egredi ſtudet, ex quo ſcatebræ efficiuntur. </s> <s>Allata eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad euidentiam <lb></lb>more mathematico <foreign lang="grc">ἔκτεσις</foreign>, ideſt, expoſitio, qua intelligatur <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> extra ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> eſſe, & ad cen<lb></lb>trum mundi prouolui quæ cùm cauſſam non contineat, neque argumentum, à nobis de induſtria <lb></lb>prętermittitur. </s> <s>Verùm libet hîc mihi rem diſcutere accuratius; exordiar autem è leuioribus ete<lb></lb>nim in huius viri dictis extat ſuſpicio repugnantiæ; quandoquidem vbi ad Cardanum reddidit <lb></lb>rationem, cur ex eo motu terra non concuteretur, id canalium, vt puto, amplitudini tribuebat. </s> <s>aut, <pb pagenum="477"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2925"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi placet, purgationi <expan abbr="viarũ">viarum</expan>, per quas liberè aqua vagari poſſet; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>nullam vim terræ faceret. </s> <s>mox <lb></lb>ipſe canalium <expan abbr="anguſtiã">anguſtiam</expan> ſcatebræ cauſſam ponit; non igitur patent meatus, aut ſi iter in offenſum eſt, <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="purgatũ">purgatum</expan>, quo pacto id aſſerere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> qui glareoſos montes ſtatuit per quos aqua fluat. </s> <s>mirum <lb></lb>profectò ni natura capillos ordine ita diſpoſuerit, vt è regione collocati, nec aëri aditum, nec aquæ <lb></lb>ipſi <expan abbr="flexũ">flexum</expan> vllum vſpiam præbeant. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> explicet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ibi vis adſit quæ comprimat: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eò confugere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt terræ canales ſint æquales, veluti tubi <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ænei, neque item aquæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="continuitatẽ">continuitatem</expan> afferre <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> inanitatibus <expan abbr="cõpluribus">compluribus</expan> apparentibus, & per <expan abbr="vaporẽ">vaporem</expan> aqua multa ex <expan abbr="cauer-natũ">cauer<lb></lb>natum</expan> fornicibus ad imum confluente. </s> <s>Prætereà ponit auctor iſte <expan abbr="cõpulſionem">compulſionem</expan>, cauſſam motus na<lb></lb>turalis; at id à nobis olim <expan abbr="confutatũ">confutatum</expan> fuit, cùm docuimus cauſſas, propter quas ea quæ naturali motu <lb></lb>mouentur, in fine velociora ſunt; nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel <expan abbr="cõpreſsionem">compreſsionem</expan> vel pulſionem in eo motu momenti ha<lb></lb>bere, vel Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſo præmonſtrante docuimus. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae ſiqua eſt aquæ oppreſsio, quia, <lb></lb>ſit extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum; non quidem illis aquæductibus, ſed litoribus terminatur & exundat, quemad<lb></lb>modum in Belgico litore quotidiana docet experientia. </s> <s>Quin etiam dum mate excreſcit ad lito<lb></lb>ra, tum fluuij deberent excreſcere. </s> <s>Neque credendum eſt, pondus partium ſuperiorum è ſuo lo<lb></lb>co detrudere partes inferiores, ſed id ſolùm efficere, vt magis accedant ad <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ad quem <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb>conatu contendunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>reddita cauſſa eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>cur terra rotunda ſit quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ad <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> optimè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2926"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accommodari poteſt. </s> <s>Sed quæ'nam, obſecro, cauſſa eſt, cur ſibi vim aqua conſiſtat, vt prodeat è ſuo <lb></lb>loco, quem ſibi tantopere expetebat? </s> <s>vt non minus <expan abbr="contemnendũ">contemnendum</expan> ſit naturæ <expan abbr="negociũ">negocium</expan>, quàm aucu<lb></lb>pis illius qui captas auiculas amittat. </s> <s>Poſtremò reſiſtentia naſcitur à grauitate; quo igitur aliquid <lb></lb>grauius eſt, eo magis reſiſtet. </s> <s>at quo ſuo loco ponderoſa viciniora ſunt, eo item ſunt grauiora: cur <lb></lb>ergo non magis vrgenti reſiſtent, quam à minus graui comprimantur? </s> <s>ita maior erit labor quo hu<lb></lb>milior aqua eſt, eam extrudere de ſuo loco, & ſic cauſſa ceſſat, quapropter à pondere opprimente <lb></lb>ſupra ſuperficiem, vnde deſcendit, aqua tollatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2920"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2921"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2922"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2923"></margin.target>b Alex. li. <lb></lb></s> <s>1. probl. 55. <lb></lb>2. probl. <lb></lb></s> <s>128.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2924"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2925"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2926"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Auctoris ſententia de aquę aſcenſu pronuntiatur, & tolluntur obiectiones. </s> <s>Cap: XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NOBIS igitur alia via tenenda eſt, & ex iis quę leguntur apud Ariſt. </s> <s>omnis extricanda difficul<lb></lb>tas. </s> <s>Facilè autem hoc ſucceſſurum confido: ſi nonnulla in primis accipiamus, & <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> ſer<lb></lb>monis noſtri firmamenta ponamus. </s> <s>Ac primum quidem grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>vel abſolutè eſſe, vel <expan abbr="quo-dãmodo">quo<lb></lb>dammodo</expan>: ac ſi ſimpliciter eiuſmodi fuerint, quieſcere in terminis ipſius vniuerſi; grauia quidem in <lb></lb>medio mundi, leuia <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in eius extremis: ſi verò fuerint talia quadam ex parte, terminari illorum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2927"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus ſuperficie <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> quæ ſimpliciter talia ſunt, <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ſanè conuexa terræ ſuperficie, aëre <lb></lb>verò concaua ipſius ignis. </s> <s>Quoniam verò terra & ignis ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſimpliciter; ex hoc efficitur, vt <expan abbr="nun-quã">nun<lb></lb>quam</expan> è ſuo loco dimoueri poſsint; niſi præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quæcunque fuerit illa cauſſa, quæ pellat ipſa è <lb></lb>ſuis locis. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> reliqua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> elementa pondus habent, & aër <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in ſuo loco magis vergit deor<lb></lb>ſum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſurſum: inde eſt, vt aër ſuo motu non terminetur primùm concaua ignis ſuperficie, ſed ſu<lb></lb>perficie aquæ conuexa, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> terræ, & aqua ipſa non feratur ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> aëris; <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſequitur ipſum, niſi velocior fuerit motus trahentis ſurſum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> curſus eius deorſum, vt fit <lb></lb>in fiſtulis vitreis, qui motus violentus eſt. </s> <s>Omnia verò in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſubtracti elementi ſuccedant, ſi fue<lb></lb>rit inſerius, præter <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> aër in locum aquæ & terræ, & aqua in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> terræ. </s> <s>Proptereà <lb></lb>duo ex his quæ dicta ſunt, colligere licebit. </s> <s>Primum quidem. </s> <s>Ea, quæ <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> quid talia fuerint, <lb></lb>ſi extra ſua loca ferantur ſurſum, <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> motum eſſe præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quae ſi deorſum; illum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> fore <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllo pacto vi vacui <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan>, ſed propenſione quam habent elementa igni excepto ad <expan abbr="lo-cũ">lo<lb></lb>cum</expan> infimum, & ad medium. </s> <s>Alterum verò. </s> <s>ſi redeunt in ſua loca; <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> prorſus eſſe <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> <lb></lb>ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> nimirùm cauſſam de qua ſuperius <expan abbr="expoſitũ">expoſitum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>ſed ſiue è centro terræ euehantur ad eius <expan abbr="ſu-perficiẽ">ſu<lb></lb>perficiem</expan>, ſiue ex alto recidant, <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>; ibi manent ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eò ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2928"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouentur. </s> <s>Attamen, inquies tu & hinc ſequi, vt duo motus vnius corporis ſimplicis eſſe poſsint ſe<lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; alter ſanè ſurſum, vt cum aqua eſt in loco terræ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alter deorſum, vt cum in aëris <lb></lb>loco detinetur. </s> <s>Deinde verò, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> locus in aëris confinio non erit aquæ naturalis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in proxi<lb></lb>mo ignis inerit aëri <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Hoc verò quod accipimus, ita probamus: quoniam ille eſt <lb></lb>locus naturalis, à quo mouetur aliquid præter naturam, ſed aër & aqua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouetur ex illis præter <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt cùm deſcendunt ad opplendas terrę cauitates: ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt ille locus naturalis eorum cor<lb></lb>porum. </s> <s>At verò nos ita primùm tollemus, interpretantes Ariſt. </s> <s>vbi inquit vnum motum vnius eſſe <lb></lb>corporis ſimplicis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="intelligunt̃">intelliguntur</expan> motus & locus generatim. </s> <s>etenim <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan> motus grauium, vt <lb></lb>grauia ſunt, & leuium, quatenus leuia: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in ſuas partes <expan abbr="diſtribuunt̃">diſtribuuntur</expan>. </s> <s>ſic locus ſurſum, & deorſum <lb></lb>generatim <expan abbr="capit̃">capitur</expan>. </s> <s>quatenus .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> id quod ſimpliciter tale eſt, & quod eſt eiuſmodi <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> quid. <lb></lb></s> <s>quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aër & aqua ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> quaſi genere <expan abbr="cõtinent̃">continentur</expan>, <expan abbr="nimirũm">nimirum</expan> grauis & leuis, & propterea quae <expan abbr="graui-tatẽ">graui<lb></lb>tatem</expan> & <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan> ſimul <expan abbr="participãt">participant</expan>: ob <expan abbr="ancipitẽ">ancipitem</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> hanc <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quanuis habeant duos motus, vnus <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>vnius corporis eſt. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> deorſum <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, id faciunt, quatenus grauia ſunt, idcirco grauium eſt il<lb></lb>le motus: cum verò ſurſum, mouentur, vt leuia: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ille motus <expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan> prorſus eſt, atque vnus eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> motus, alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> leuium, non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vnus eſt aëris motus, vt aër eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt res clarius explicetur. <pb pagenum="478"></pb>Corpora naturalia, vel vt talia corpora ſpectantur, vtputa ignis & aër, vel <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> propenſiones, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2929"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differentiæ, vnde <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ſpecies exoriuntur. </s> <s>hæ verò quattuor ſunt: cùm graue & leue <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> ſumi <lb></lb>poſsint & ſimpliciter, & aliqua ex parte & planè pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="propenſionũ">propenſionum</expan> & <expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan> ſicuti quat<lb></lb>tuor ſunt propenſiones, quæ graui & leui notantur, ita quattuor ſunt motus ſimplices, & quattuor <lb></lb>corpora ſimplicia, quæ inter ſe reciprocantur. </s> <s>ſi corpora ipſa ſpectes; ea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in ſe coniunctim re<lb></lb>tinent differentias <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan>, non reipſa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diſtinctas, quia ſicuti quattuor ſunt motus, & <lb></lb>quattuor propenſiones, ita ſunt quattuor elementa, quæ ſimplici motu cientur. </s> <s>diuiſim verò, vt vnus <lb></lb><expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> ſit elementi <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verum eſt. </s> <s>Proinde ille qui <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="propen-ſionũ">propen<lb></lb>ſionum</expan> ac <expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan> corporum <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodare">accommodare</expan> voluit ſeorſum ad quodque <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, is ſe <lb></lb>eo fallaciæ genere implicauit, quod eſt à <expan abbr="coniũctis">coniunctis</expan> ad diuiſa, & ad corpora ipſa retulit quæ Ariſt. 1. <lb></lb>de Cęlo conſtituerat de <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> propenſionibus & differentiis. </s> <s>Ita cùm corpora ſint grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſimpliciter, aut <expan abbr="quodãmodò">quodammodò</expan>; ſic mouentur ſuprà, aut infrà ſimpliciter aut <expan abbr="quodãmodò">quodammodò</expan>. </s> <s>& ſic vnus <lb></lb>eſt motus <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> corporis ſimplicis, & <expan abbr="cõmeat">commeat</expan> cum corpore ſimplici motus ſimplex & vnus. </s> <s>at <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>aëre & aqua non <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>; ſicut ſalsò <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> fuerat in argumento. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> via videtur inſtitiſſe <lb></lb>Philoſophus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm ex <expan abbr="mediorũ">mediorum</expan> ſeu <expan abbr="organorũ">organorum</expan> numero concludebat plures non eſſe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> <expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2930"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cùm enumeraſſet ea ex quibus media conſiſtunt, quibus cum habent organa <expan abbr="affinitatẽ">affinitatem</expan>, ex eo quae <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2931"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ignis in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>, terra non ſimplex, aqua & aër inſunt, quæ ſpecies accipere poſſunt, ſenſus <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> ineſſe inferebat. </s> <s>ergo & <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſenſus: attamen nihil de eo quod ex aqua & aëre <expan abbr="cõſtaret">conſtaret</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſiue tale ſit, ſeu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>; ſatis eſt eſſe id quod fit capax <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> quæ eminus ſentiuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>ex <expan abbr="accipientiũ">accipientium</expan> numero & ſenſoriis ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, non ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> conſideratis de nume<lb></lb>ro <expan abbr="ſenſuũ">ſenſuum</expan> tulit <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>, pari prorſus <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> hîc eum vſum fuiſſe credito. </s> <s>Quod verò ſubiicitur, quia <lb></lb>locus aëris ad <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> <expan abbr="interiprẽ">interiprem</expan> ignis non erit illi naturalis, eo quae non moueretur ex illo ſecundùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="tollit̃">tollitur</expan> ſic. </s> <s>quia motus ille eſt graui naturalis, vt graue eſt: illò <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fertur, vt leuis. </s> <s>tametſi <lb></lb>magis ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt, vt inde, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illò moueatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> audiuimus aërem <expan abbr="propenſiotẽ">propenſiotem</expan> eſſe ad <lb></lb>deſcenſum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad aſcenſum. </s> <s>ita de aqua <expan abbr="intelligendũ">intelligendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>quapropter <expan abbr="etiãſi">etiamſi</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> hæc <foreign lang="grc">ἐπαμφοτε<lb></lb>ριζοντα</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt, ambigua ſint appellata. </s> <s>& dixerit Ariſt. </s> <s>elementa media eſſe <expan abbr="motionũ">motionum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="inſtru-mẽta">inſtru<lb></lb>menta</expan>, quia grauia ſint & leuia ſimul; quapropter <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> quoquouerſus excipiunt, <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> tamen pro<lb></lb>penſio longè maior eſt ad centrum. </s> <s>Obiiciebat tamen Simplicius ſi <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>cietur, ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> proficiſcitur, & ſuperiora formæ ſunt inferiorum: ergo poſtulabit ordo naturæ, vt <lb></lb>inferiora moueantur ad ſuperiora. </s> <s>Dubium hoc tetigit ſanè Simplicius. </s> <s>ſed cicatricem refricauit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pegma adiecit. </s> <s>Atqui ita fortaſſe vlcus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> repurgabitur. </s> <s>vel ſi ſpectemus in elementis geminas <lb></lb>vires, eam quæ vim habet afficiendi & <expan abbr="motricẽ">motricem</expan>, & quantum eſt de afficiendi facultate: ſuperiora, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2932"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia perfectiores obtinent qualitates, <expan abbr="inferiorũ">inferiorum</expan> formas optimè cenſeri dicemus, vnde cum ſuperio<lb></lb>ra elementa gignuntur, ea eſt mutatio ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> formæ, cùm verò inferiora fiunt ex ſupe<lb></lb>rioribus, eſt mutatio <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> materiæ: non ſecus àc cùm fit animal & quando fit cadauer. <lb></lb></s> <s>etenim illa eſt vera generatio quæ eſt animalis, cùm ſit ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> formæ: cadaueris <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> im<lb></lb>propriè, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> materiæ, ſic <expan abbr="ſuperiorũ">ſuperiorum</expan> generatio eſt velut animalis, inferiorum <lb></lb>verò vt cadaueris. </s> <s>Attamen ſi vim <expan abbr="motricẽ">motricem</expan> reſpexeris; eſt etiam progreſſus ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> velut ad ter<lb></lb>minum & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; nihilominus cum eo progreſſu conſeruatur ordo ille naturæ quo ſuperiora ex<lb></lb>cellunt, quia <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> non eſt terminus ſimpliciter, ſed naturæ tendentis ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, priuationem & <lb></lb>non ens; quę item in eo progreſſu perfecti <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> habet ad ea quæ ad ipſam inſtituuntur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> autem <lb></lb>ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Sed de his anteà ſatis: ex quibus conſtat, vt in vniuerſo, ſint duæ formæ <expan abbr="mobiliũ">mobilium</expan>, me<lb></lb>dium .ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>: quare hoc pacto ſuperiora formæ non ſunt <expan abbr="inferiorũ">inferiorum</expan>, ſed terra potius erit, vt <lb></lb>forma aquæ, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt materia. </s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> facilè euertuntur obiectiones propoſitæ. </s> <s>Etenim lapſus aëris <lb></lb>aut aquæ in terræ cauitates illis eſt naturalis, quatenus ſunt corpora grauia. </s> <s>Quòd opponitur <expan abbr="flã-mã">flam<lb></lb>mam</expan> deſcendere, aut <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> aſcendere, illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> prima eſt nouæ <expan abbr="flãmæ">flammæ</expan> generatio; nulla eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alia cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, niſi violans, quæ trahere poſsit <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> deorſum, ſed cauſſa motus aquæ duplex eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vel genera<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2933"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio nouæ ex aëre intercluſo in poris corporis ſupernatantis propter <expan abbr="frigiditatẽ">frigiditatem</expan>, vel attractio quæ fit <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> <expan abbr="deuitandũ">deuitandum</expan>, quam diximus eſſe præter naturam. </s> <s>Nuper <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> docuimus aërem ob <expan abbr="ancipi-tẽ">ancipi<lb></lb>tem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> naturam, quocunqueuerſus agitari; ſic vniuerſis motibus & ſecundùm, & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in<lb></lb>feruire. </s> <s>Memini mihi ſic <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="tractionẽ">tractionem</expan> quę fit ex vaſe per filum, vel quid <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> vt filtrum <lb></lb>non eſſe cauſſa vacui: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic eueniret, vt partes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> aquæ ſurſum continuatè traherentur: atqui per <lb></lb>filtrum deſtillantur humores facta ſecretione <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> tenuiorum à craſsioribus. </s> <s>An id ita euenit, quae <lb></lb>facilius attrahuntur partes ſubtiliores, quippe quæ ob aëris viciniam magis affectæ ſunt ad aſcen<lb></lb>ſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc ex ſententia philoſophi conſtituta, dubitationes omnes è medio tollunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2927"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2928"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2929"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2930"></margin.target>a 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2931"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2932"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2933"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſſæ quęruntur, ob quas elementa media magis grauia, quàm leuia ſint. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ACCEPTVM fuit à nobis <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> leuia præter ignim in infimum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſuapte natura eſſe deſcen<lb></lb>ſura, ſi inferiora ſubtrahantur; nunquam verò in deficientum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> aſcenſura, niſi vi. </s> <s>Sed enim <lb></lb>cùm huius euenti cauſſa queat afferri; munus erit philoſophi perquirere, cur ſic eueniat. </s> <s>Quia verò <pb pagenum="479"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2934"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primas obtinet in hac quæſtione docere, ecquid ſit cauſſæ, cur elementa media magis grauia, quàm <lb></lb>leuia ſint, & theorematis propoſiti notitia valet <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> ad <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> problematum quę <lb></lb>cum de corporibus ſimplicibus tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de mixtis proponi ſolent; nos eius quæſtionis explicationem <lb></lb>in primis aggrediemur. </s> <s>Nam poterat alicui <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> videri; cùm par eſſe debeat <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> pondus, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="æquilibriũ">æquilibrium</expan> quod eſt maximè ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, conſeruetur; tantum grauibus fuiſſe tributum; <lb></lb>& cùm quattuor corpora ſint, & <expan abbr="totidẽ">totidem</expan> principia motus ſibi pro portione reſpondentia, prępolleat <lb></lb>grauitas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt tametſi partes aliquas habeant leuitatis; nihilominus ad <expan abbr="cẽtrũ">centrum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <expan abbr="procedãt">procedant</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mitto aquam, quæ tametſi non eſt abſolutè grauis; attamen grauitas in ea <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan> ſuperat, & ad <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> terræ magis accedit, de aëre loquor, in quo plures partes leuitatis ineſſe videntur, & tamen ex<lb></lb>perientia quam ſignificauit Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſum perſuadet eſſe grauiorem; proptereaque vter inflatus eſt ma<lb></lb>ioris ponderis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi fuerit exhauſtus. </s> <s>ex quo & ipſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſubit in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> inferioris abeuntis ſuopte im<lb></lb>pulſu; in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> verò ſuperiorem non niſi aliqua intercedente violentia; quandò non aſcendit, niſi ma<lb></lb>iot fuerit vis attrahentis ſurſum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> lapſus eius naturalis: ita per <expan abbr="fiſtulã">fiſtulam</expan> & aqua & aër attrahuntur: <lb></lb>aliter aut maneant, aut deorſum ferantur. </s> <s>Ego verò <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> ordinem obſeruo in rebus ex <lb></lb>materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtantibus quem <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> aliàs vberius explicaui, vt <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ipſæ duplex ha<lb></lb>bent principium, materiam nimirùm & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; ſic earum propenſio ſit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> diſpar. </s> <s>forma quidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2935"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſemper ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quod in ſuo genere <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> eſt, contendente; materia verò, cùm ſit appetens varie<lb></lb>tatis, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem ad contraria declinet, propendente ad id quod <expan abbr="peſsimũ">peſsimum</expan> eſt, perſpicio quoque <lb></lb><expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> progreſſu <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> eſſe vim materiæ, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> formæ, quae appetitus materiæ non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> non ex pleri, id <lb></lb>verò non ſine interitu formæ ſuccedit. </s> <s>Vt igitur duo principia ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò diuerſa, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> varias <lb></lb>afferant neceſſe eſt propenſiones & proprietates: ac forma <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> perfectiora præſtabit: materia <lb></lb>viciſsim deteriora <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> rependet: ergo & locus nobilior formæ debebitur; materiæ <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> ignobilior. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc quia loci conditiones, <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> merita conſequuntur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & cęlum, quia <expan abbr="diuiniſsimũ">diuiniſsimum</expan>, eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2936"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan>: quandò materia longiſsimè diſtat ab ente, ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vergit ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> locum, qui ab <lb></lb>ipſius loco longiſsimis interuallis diſiungitur: quò cùm <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> grauia vergant, & inde leuia diſcedant: <lb></lb>dicemus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> grauitatem magis reſpondere materiæ, leuitatem verò formæ. </s> <s>Cùm igitur in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ex <lb></lb>materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtantibus vires materiæ dominentur vt <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan>; nil admirabimur ſi corpora <lb></lb><expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan>, aut vno igni excepto, deorſum magis propendeant, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſurſum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in igni ita præualet <lb></lb>forma, & <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan> materiæ occupauit, vt in eo ſolo ſit leuitas, nulla prorſus efficacia grauitatis. </s> <s>cę<lb></lb>terùm & ibi materiæ victoria <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> exiſtit, & quod ſuperius aſcendit, obtinente materia delabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò cùm ex materia generentur elementa ſuperiora per vim à cęlo <expan abbr="cõmunicatam">communicatam</expan>, & extrinſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2937"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùs accedente principio, à quo ſit inuertenda materia, & à proprio ſuo <expan abbr="naturaliq́">naturalique</expan>. </s> <s>ſtatu <expan abbr="dimouẽda">dimouenda</expan>, <lb></lb>non adeſt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> remanet ingenita propenſio ad ſuperiora: niſi quantum afficiuntur, & apparantur <lb></lb>à generante. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> etiam ſi ſurſum verſus euehi ſit materiæ, & tendere ad perfectionem quę <lb></lb>primò expetenda eſt; at <expan abbr="nimiũ">nimium</expan> eſt naturale ipſius robur, quod <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> retrahat à forma, & <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> <expan abbr="quiddã">quiddam</expan> <lb></lb>eſt eſſe ſui iuris, quod tum obtinet materia, quando ſe expedit ex imperio formæ, & ſeſe <expan abbr="quodãmo-do">quodammo<lb></lb>do</expan> vindicat in libertatem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem cauſſa eſt, cur non <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit naturæ proceſſus in <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>mutationibus. </s> <s>Ac ſi in re ſeria mihi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cum poëtis ſapientiſsimis verum ludendo li<lb></lb>ceat dicere: materia mihi par eſſe videtur in natura ſaxo illi quod apud inferos à Siſypho aſsiduè <lb></lb>volutari fingunt. </s> <s>Siſyphus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> forma, aut efficiens, nam veluti ipſe gerit <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> manu ſaxum, & ma<lb></lb>nibus <expan abbr="pedibuſq́">pedibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>nixus in montis <expan abbr="verticẽ">verticem</expan> trudit: cùm verò iam non longe abeſt, vt montis cacumen <lb></lb>ſuperet, tum vis <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> robuſta <expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan> repellit, & in <expan abbr="planitiẽ">planitiem</expan> reuoluit: ille verò connitens & conten<lb></lb>dens <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> euehit, & ſudor ex <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="mẽbris">membris</expan> exhalat: ita materia, quanuis à forma non ſine magno <lb></lb>labore promota, ſemper refugit, & in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maximè ſe recipit. </s> <s>Eodem impetu concitata <lb></lb>materia, & ea corpora in quibus <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> materia præponderat, quæ grauia nos eſſe diximus, in <expan abbr="ſum-mũ">ſum<lb></lb>mum</expan>, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> poſſunt, nitantur, quod ſi non <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> ſimpliciter, at in ſuo genere <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>ita pla<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2938"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cet naturæ ſummum præſtare, quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Quamobrem, niſi grauia ſubſidant; ea quæ minus grauia <lb></lb>ſunt, in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> loca irrepunt, & quaſi vicarius, <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> muneri ſuccedunt. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in illo or<lb></lb>dine quo <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> eſſentiæ continentur, non patitur intercipi inane natura, ſemper ea ſuppeditans quæ <lb></lb>inſenſili <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> interuallo diſtant; <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt, ſi non <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ipſam præſtare valet, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> aliquam <lb></lb>eius <expan abbr="notã">notam</expan> inducat, veluti <expan abbr="oculorũ">oculorum</expan> ſpeciem talpæ, maribus ſimulachra <expan abbr="mãmarum">mammarum</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan> hoc <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> grauibus voluit oppleri natura. </s> <s>Ergo & in proprio loco pondus habent, & in locis <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> alie<lb></lb>nis, vbi deſcendant, & in <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> contendunt, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vt primùm conſecuta fuerint; nil expetunt vl<lb></lb>terius, ſed ibi manent, <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>niſi magna aliqua vi <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="depellunt̃">depelluntur</expan>; <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> <expan abbr="certiſsimũ">certiſsimum</expan>, quae illò <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> peruenerint, quæ tamen èloco ſuperiore ſine vlla vi deſcendebant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> illud <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> <lb></lb>de mediis <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> eſſe videbitur, quae non ad ſuperiora euehantur, ſed potius <expan abbr="emineãt">emineant</expan> ſubſidentibus <lb></lb>ignis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſolus attollatur in ſublime, quia nihil habeat grauitatis. </s> <s>Hinc voces de loco ſuperiore, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>de inferiore magis exaudiri ſolent, & tormenta bellica, ſi <expan abbr="desup̨">desuper</expan>er intorqueantur, vt ſcopum aſſequi <lb></lb>valeant; altius collimare oportet, quae impetus ille ballomena deprimit ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vter inflatus de<lb></lb>ſcendit velocius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inanis; tametſi de aëris poteſtate poſteà diſſeretur. </s> <s>Sed illud fortaſſe tibi moueat <lb></lb>admirationem, quae, cùm ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> habeant grauium partes, & idcirco pondus ali <pb pagenum="480"></pb>quod præſeferant; in earum proprio loco, quanuis moles ſit maxima, non ſentiantur. </s> <s>Sic quanuis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2939"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aëri grauitas adſcribatur; tametſi tanta eius moles imminet capiti noſtro, ne minimum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> illius <lb></lb>appareat, aqua <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> multo euidentius, vbi. </s> <s>n. de ſuo loco vel parua partiuncula exhauriatur, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>nos emergamus, <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> earum pondus experiamur. </s> <s>Verùm ad hoc ita dicemus. </s> <s>Cùm graue & <lb></lb>leue ſint dupliciter; abſolutè .ſ. </s> <s>& aliqua ex patre, de grauibus ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> ſemper, & <expan abbr="qui-buſcunq.">qui<lb></lb>buſcunque</expan> corporibus ſubſternuntur; leuia contrà, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> & è <expan abbr="quibuſcunq.">quibuſcunque</expan> corporibus eminent <lb></lb>aſsiduè. </s> <s>Proinde grauia ſimpliciter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> manentibus aliis, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> eſt aliquod pondus; per ipſa deſcen<lb></lb>dunt, & leuia ſimiliter aliis quieſcentibus per illas euehuntur. </s> <s>Sic terra <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> grauiſsima, quia per <lb></lb><expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> deſcendit, nec aliud <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> reperitur, quod per aquam deſcendat aut <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, & ignis ex altera <lb></lb>parte leuiſsimus, quia per <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> <expan abbr="quieſcentẽ">quieſcentem</expan> attollitur, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> aliud per aërem euolat, aut ignim. <lb></lb></s> <s>Leuia <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> & grauia <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, quæ minus grauia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra ſunt, & minus leuia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ignis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in <lb></lb>grauium loca ſuccedunt, & ex eorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> loco aliis grauibus illò <expan abbr="cõmeantibus">commeantibus</expan> euehunt. </s> <s>Verum<lb></lb>enimuerò vt ad <expan abbr="quęſtionẽ">quęſtionem</expan> cominus accedam; tametſi grauitas extra ſuum locum elemento <expan abbr="aſsignat̃">aſsignatur</expan> <lb></lb>ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>facilè poſſet expediri quæſtio: tamen quae vt habitus etiam in proprio loco conſerua<lb></lb>tur, & ex ea naſcitur quies & priuatio ponderis, hoc item cùm habeat cauſſam, excitat nos ad eam <lb></lb>indagandam. </s> <s>Illud ſanè conſtat quae non eſt idem penitus <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> grauitatis officium: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> extra <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2940"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proprium locum efficit motum; in proprio loco magis ſtudet quieti, vt videatur naturæ conſilium <lb></lb>potius eſſe, vt ibi maneat corpus, neque inde facilè detrudi patiatur, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> centri ſatagat, quae cùm in <lb></lb>proprij loci latitudine verſetur; bona etiam ex parte finem ſuum ſit conſecutum. </s> <s>Nunc pondus <lb></lb>ex ea propenſione cognoſcitur quæ cum motu coniuncta eſt, aut affinis eſt motus, velut oppreſsio, <lb></lb>non ex ea quæ cum quiete conſiſtit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>pondus rei quæ in trutina appenſa eſt, apparet, ſiquis <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <lb></lb>ſuſtineat, ſed ſi liberæ naturæ ſuæ dimittatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> impedimentum euariat pondus. </s> <s>Hoc igi<lb></lb>tur, cùm extra proprium locum eueniat; fit, vt grauitas extra proprium locum, non in ipſo <expan abbr="ſentiat̃">ſentiatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poterat igitur Alexander occurrere dubitationi, negans elementa in proprio loco grauitatem, leui<lb></lb>uitatemúe habere, & id ipſi dari poterat, ſi eam facultatem accepiſſet quæ pondere deprehenditur, <lb></lb>nos illam vim accipere voluimus, qua rerum natura definitur, & ei perpetuò manet affixa. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>me fugit eam Simplicij <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> de hoc problemate extitiſſe, quae extra ſuum locum nihil <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> aquę <lb></lb>partes, quo innitantur, ideò omnes impendent; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> maximè vrgent; at in proprio loco <expan abbr="ſuſtinẽtur">ſuſtinentur</expan> <lb></lb>à reliquis, & inſenſilis ferè particula inſtar corpori eius quod mergitur, idcirco <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ſenſum <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> illuſtraſſe exemplo muri in pariete latitantis qui <expan abbr="lapidũ">lapidum</expan> grauitatem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſentit, cùm ſuperiores <lb></lb>ſuſtineantur ab inferioribus & in illis natiuam <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> grauitatem deponant, quod item dum <expan abbr="diligẽtes">diligentes</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2941"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>architecti attendunt, in aggerum foſsis faciendis fundamenta pectinatim inſtruere conſuerunt, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quemadmodum dentes ſerrę diſponi ſolent, quia ſit oneris terreni magnitudo in paruas partes di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2942"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtributa, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vniuerſa pondere premens, nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> poſsit extrudere muri ſubſtructiones. </s> <s>Poſſum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tibi commemorari Dædali noſtri diligentiam, qui in extructione admirabilis illius teſtudi<lb></lb>nis ſumma cum vera ſupputauerit quantum <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> lateri pondus accederet, & quantum <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> ſu<lb></lb>ſtinere poſſet. </s> <s>eandem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſam eſſe putandum eſt, cur pendant minus oblongiores haſtæ, ſi <lb></lb>erigantur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi iaceant, quia .ſ. </s> <s>iacentes <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ex parte afferunt pondus, ſi erigantur, ex parte <expan abbr="cõmuni-cant">communi<lb></lb>cant</expan>, partibus ſeſe mutuò ſuſtinentibus & veſtes, dum nouę ſunt, & adhuc rigent; minus premunt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vbi contritæ fuerint, & auro contextæ, quanuis grauiſsimæ; ad pondus, quod alioquin habent; <lb></lb>moleſtiam exhibent, & minus oneris ſentitur ex illo, quem fors in ſinu, dum ſeſuſtinet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cùm ſe <lb></lb>ociosè remittit. </s> <s>Non me fugit, inquam, ita ſentire Simplicium, & multum valet hæc cauſſa. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>vt ingenuè fatear; hæc ratio mihi non videtur <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> cauſſam <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> problematis, quia primùm fie<lb></lb>ri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt multò minor ſit moles earum partium quæ imminent extra proprium locum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> earum, <lb></lb>quæ imminere poſſunt in eo; quandò <expan abbr="præpõderant">præponderant</expan> omnes quæ directò impendent, quas quid pro<lb></lb>hibet in fundo maris altiſsimi plures eſſe? </s> <s>Deinde quid ſuſtinet & quomodo? </s> <s>certè partes infe<lb></lb>riores ſic ſuſtinent, quod aliarum pondus excipiunt. </s> <s>Fac ita eſſe in aquis, propter denſitatem, quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2943"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non patiatur partes ſupereminentes vlterius promoueri; at quo pacto poterit hæc cauſſa ad aërem <lb></lb>pertinere, cuius partes ſuapte natura ſuſpenſæ permanent, & nihil habent quo reſiſtant propter ra<lb></lb>ritatem? </s> <s>Nec iuuat exemplum quod accipit ea quæ ſunt extra proprium locum: in his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pondus <lb></lb>eſt ſenſile & actus grauis, cui motus adnexus eſt, efficaciſsimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat, quod accepimus <lb></lb>olim in ſuo loco eſſe grauiſsimum: nam ſic diximus, quae inſiſteret ſuo loco <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maximè; non quae extaret <lb></lb>eius pondus, quod libra metimur: hoc enim maximè extat extra ſuam ſedem. </s> <s>Poterunt ergo illa <lb></lb>quæ decreuit Simplicius; ſi <expan abbr="põdera">pondera</expan> fuerint extra propria loca, ſed in proprio loco alia <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> <expan abbr="aſsignãda">aſsignanda</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2934"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2935"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2936"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2937"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2938"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2939"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2940"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2941"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2942"></margin.target>a Vitr.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2943"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Edocentur cauſſę, vnde elementa media producuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DVBITABIS igitur, vt ſe habeant elementa media; an'ne grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>comparatè ponen<lb></lb>tur, an natura potius & per ſe. </s> <s>Quòd in iis hæc comparatè poſuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>à forma grauium, <lb></lb><expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>aliena eſſe corpora hæc facilè credideris: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per certam formam tale eſt, ſimpliciter <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tale eſſe exiſtimatur. </s> <s>At ſi leuis per ſe ſit & intrinſecus aër, vt certè eſt, & aqua grauis, vt di <pb pagenum="481"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2944"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uerſas formas ſuam <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> corpus ex illis habuerit, erit ſimpliciter graue, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> autem remiſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic aër in aqua item pondus haberet; ita etiam, quia leuis aqua ſimpliciter eſſet, in aëre poſſet aſcen<lb></lb>dere. </s> <s>ſiquidem <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> <expan abbr="ppenſionem">perpenſionem</expan> <expan abbr="retineãt">retineant</expan>; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quidem à propria, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ab aliena forma <expan abbr="ducãt">ducant</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuerò de natura corporum mediorum ſic exiſtimare oportet, veluti de cęteris mediis, <lb></lb>quod etſi poſthàc vberius tractabitur; intereà <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> paucis indicatum poterit profligare dubitationem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atqui cętera media <expan abbr="cõſtant">conſtant</expan> è principiis extremorum & in eorum certa <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſunt poſita. </s> <s>hæc eſt ſin<lb></lb>gulorum forma, nec ſanè multiplex, ſed vna ſpeciei vnius citra omnem <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> materialem, <lb></lb>à qua <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pendet proprium munus, quod item per ſe vnum eſt, principiorum viribus <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> <lb></lb>affectis, & à propria natura deflexis. </s> <s>itaque cùm ex impotentia materiæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aſſequantur ſummum, <lb></lb>ſi cum ſummo conferantur, habentur remiſſa. </s> <s>Proptereà ſi certam rationem naturæ ſpectes, & of<lb></lb>ficia quæ inde pullulant, ea ſimpliciter talia ſunt, quae certa <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> mixturæ conſiſtit indiuiduo, & huic <lb></lb>certa functio comitatur quæ remoto <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> impedimento, ſumma eſt & ſimpliciter, quia pro ratione <lb></lb>principiorum ſuorum abſoluta ſit, vt nihil in eius <expan abbr="cõſummatione">conſummatione</expan>, quod ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt, requi<lb></lb>ratur. </s> <s>At cùm in eius generis latitudine ſuperetur ab alio quod eſt melius & præſtantius, <expan abbr="cõparatè">comparatè</expan> <lb></lb>dicitur huiuſmodi, vt ſi rationem viridis, quod eſt medium inter album & nigrum explicare volue<lb></lb>ris; ita dicere cogetis: è principiis albi & nigri conflatum eſſe; non ex albo & nigro: tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſet <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ſpecies & alterius ordinis; etenim compoſita componentibus origine & natura poſterio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2945"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra ſunt; ſed ita inter ſe aptatis <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>, vt inde non alia <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> forma, ſed certa & determi<lb></lb>nata exiliat, & actiones extent quę ſunt eius formæ propriæ: vt, ſi <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> ſegregat, vt dicitur, vi ſum; <lb></lb>congregat nigrum: ipſum viride <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> præſtet mediocriter. </s> <s>Eſt igitur vna forma quæ manet in <lb></lb>indiuiduo: vna item functio quæ eſt <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> munus facere mediocriter quæ conſimiliter eſt indi<lb></lb>uidua, quia ſic per ſe forma operatur, hoc ſolùm obtinens <expan abbr="cõparati">comparati</expan>, quae non operetur, velut extremo<lb></lb>rum formæ, ſed magis, aut minus & propter collationem, quod vnum eſt duorum, ſubeat rationem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non igitur duo ſunt principia per ſe, ex quibus medium conſtat, actu diſtincta, & materialiter con<lb></lb>ſtituentia & efficientia <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>; neque duo munera ſeparata; ſed vna forma quæ è duobus illis <lb></lb>extremis virtute conſtituta eſt, & vnicus actus eius formæ proprius, ſed quia non purus, nec vnam <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſimpliciter continens, plurium officio fungitur, quæ diuerſis illis principiis pro ratione re<lb></lb>ſpondeant: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſurſum & deorſum media mouentur. </s> <s>Ergo non ſequitur. </s> <s>ſi comparatè; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igitur <lb></lb>à propria forma, quia duo <expan abbr="videãtur">videantur</expan> actus, & varia principia, ſed vna eſt forma, & actus vnus, at re<lb></lb>miſſus, idcircò ad extrema <expan abbr="cõparatè">comparatè</expan>, ſed per ſeipſum ſimpliciter, quia ſecundùm naturam, quoad .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>patitur illa forma; ſuus actus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>abſolutus extat, ſed intrinſecus, extrinſecus autem ſolummo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2946"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dò variatus. </s> <s>Neque item valet. </s> <s>ſi à ſua forma, ergo ſimpliciter tale. </s> <s>ſi huiuſmodi, vbique tale, ergo <lb></lb>ſummè tale, quia ſimpliciter eſt ad ſuam formam; non ad omne corporum genus, & vt eſt ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> tale eſt: <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> igitur remiſsè graue eſt, & leue: vult verò ſummum eſſe, quod ſimpliciter <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> genere tale eſſe debet, vt ſumma opera exequatur, velut album in genere colorum. </s> <s>Sed per<lb></lb>gamus vlterius & cauſſas ediſſeramus, à quibus elementa producuntur, vt optimè perſpiciatur, non <lb></lb>ex compoſitione diuerſorum corporum, ſed principiorum impotentia duntaxat media fuiſſe con<lb></lb>ſtituta. </s> <s>Cauſſa verò grauitatis & leuitatis vna quidem mihi proxima videtur, altera remota, & re<lb></lb>mota quidem, interuallum, quo corpora caduca diſtant à cęlo, ſeu locus: proxima verò calor & <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <lb></lb>abſentia, à quibus reliquæ omnes elementorum qualitates originem ducunt. </s> <s>Etenim, quae magis mi<lb></lb>nuſúe à cęlo diſtant grauia <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt. </s> <s>ſed hoc ſine primis qualitatibus nullo modo præſtari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>nam ſic ex diſtantia <expan abbr="viciniaq́">viciniaque</expan>. </s> <s>afficiuntur, vt calore polleant, aut frigore, ex iis autem leuitas & gra<lb></lb>uitas oriuntur. </s> <s>Quamobrem diſtantia grauium, <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa eſt, quatenus húiuſmodi qualita<lb></lb>tes affert. </s> <s>Ita verò rem ſeſe habere teſtantur verba Philoſophi <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui cauſſam reddens, cur grauia ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2947"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe deorſum contulerint, ea magis à cęli <expan abbr="cõuerſione">conuerſione</expan> ab eſſe docuit: prætereà cur nubes in aëris ſecun<lb></lb>da regione conſiſtant, cauſſam attulit quæ priuaret, nempè caloris abſentiam: <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>planius ex<lb></lb>ponens, cur in ea fiant aquæ, vbi addit eas voces propter locum, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ille locus præſeferat eas vires <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2948"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ pendent à calore; quemadmodum item vbi modum explanauit, quo fieret ſomnus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dicebat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2949"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim vapores in capite propter locum refrigerari; quaſi locus occaſionem præbeat frigori, vt vapo<lb></lb>res inuadat: ita locus & diſtantia non efficiunt hæc, niſi per calorem, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> abſentiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>perpe<lb></lb>tua quae vis eſt caloris & frigoris; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam ignis ex aqua producit vapores, & ipſos euehit in ſubli<lb></lb>me, & refrigeratio grauitatem inducit, vt, quando conciliamus ſomnos vaporibus ab aqua ſublatis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur pro portione caloris à cælo communicati naſcitur certa propenſionum ratio quæ, ſicut ob<lb></lb>certa interualla ſolet induci; ſic in ea conſeruatur, & expetitur ſecundùm naturam, vnde efficitur lo<lb></lb>cus naturalis, ad quem ſuopte impulſu corpora feruntur, & delata quieſcunt. </s> <s>Ille verò, vbi multum <lb></lb>valeat calor, conuenit leuibus, vbi nullum propè veſtigium caloris inſideat, eſt grauium proprius, <lb></lb>vbi vigeat temperies, mediis aptus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hinc quidem principia propenſionum formalia deriuan<lb></lb>tur: ex quibus apparet ordo corporum, non ex duorum contrariorum quę proprios actus <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan>, <lb></lb>miſcella exiſtens, ſed ex gradibus eiuſdem virtutis à cęlo impreſſæ, & actu ac priuatione quæ con<lb></lb>currunt ad ea producenda, in quibus eſt ordo & humilitas naturæ. </s> <s>cuius virtutis beneficio <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> <lb></lb>naturam retinere cupientia, quæ certa flagitat loca, <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> illò ſeſe <expan abbr="recipiũt">recipiunt</expan>, & in grauium loco <pb pagenum="482"></pb>aſcendunt; deſcendunt verò viciſsim in loco leuium, hoc priuatio præſtat; illud efficit actus: qui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2950"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus non repugnat vnam <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> facere, cuius duæ ſint rationes. </s> <s>licet, vt ſuprà diximus, materia præ<lb></lb>polleat, cui grauitas comitatur, attamen ita vincit aër aquam leuitate, vt ſemper aqua ſubſidat, aër <lb></lb>euehatur, nec ſine magna quadam vi mergi poſsit, aut contineri in aquis. </s> <s>Proinde illi, qui maximas <lb></lb>belluas in mari piſcantur, vbi iam guttur earum hamo transfixum eſt, neque cathenam, cui adnexus <lb></lb>eſt hamus, exedere potuerunt, ſed acerrimis doloribus affectæ in profundum pelagi demerguntur, <lb></lb>omnem funem iis relaxant, quia nullis viribus humanis retrahi poſſent, & exagitatæ nauem cum re<lb></lb>migibus in profundum facillimè detraherent; ſimul & amplos vt res aëris plenos ex funibus belluis <lb></lb>mare ſubeuntibus appendunt. </s> <s>Illæ vulneris dolore ſtimulatæ vt res contemnunt, & reluctantes, & <lb></lb>ſummam <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ſemper appetentes, in altitudinem maris tandem deprimunt. </s> <s>Sed iam defatigatæ, <lb></lb>cùm in maris imo quieſcere cupiant, vt res non permittunt, ſeſe in ſublime efferentes. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> contra <lb></lb>hos inſtaurant pugnam, & veluti animalia ſibi in feſta, animo vlciſcendi perſequuntur, & iterum <expan abbr="ſæ-piuſq́">ſæ<lb></lb>piuſque</expan>. </s> <s>fruſtra detrahunt vtres. </s> <s>hi ſurſum verſus ſubuolant. </s> <s>ad extremum, vbi iam delaxatæ fuerint, <lb></lb>& omnibus viribus exhauſtæ; vter aliquis, victoriæ nuncius, ſublimis effertur: mox etiam cæteri. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita difficilè mergitur aër, & maximo cum impetu enatat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itemq́">Itemque</expan>. </s> <s>aër eſt quidem leuior aqua; nihi<lb></lb>lominus per ſe grauitatem habet <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>, quàm leuitatem. </s> <s>Ex his apparet nunc quid dicendum ſit <lb></lb>ad primam illam quæſtionem, neque enim quòd inter ſe ſuſtineant, non opprimunt, ſed quia per ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2951"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm ſint in proprio loco, propter formæ ſuæ gradum: dat enim generans ſimul & gradum formæ <lb></lb>& locum ipſi conuenientem; ſic non afferunt pondus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> locus ille determinatur certa diſtan<lb></lb>tìa quæ eſt à centro, vt alibi tum eſſe non cupiat; niſi vis generantis vlterius promoueat <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed nunquid hæc abſoluta problematis huiuſce cauſſa? </s> <s>nequaquam: quoniam vult Philoſophus <lb></lb>etiam terræ partes inter ſe opprimere, & certè in vniuerſo ſpatio quod occupat aër, aliquid profice<lb></lb>re poſſunt aëris partes, vt quæ nobis proximæ ſunt, altius ſe tollere. </s> <s>Quapropter ex his duabus <lb></lb>cauſsis vnam faciamus, propter quam pondus illud inſenſile reddatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2944"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2945"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2946"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2947"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2948"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2949"></margin.target>b 1. de <expan abbr="sõ-no">son<lb></lb>no</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2950"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2951"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm grauior ſit cęteris grauibus in ſuo loco, an non. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AVERROES ita Themiſtium arguebat, illud eſſe grauius inquiens in quo plures eſſent graui<lb></lb>tates, ſed in ligno tres ſunt grauitates, aërea nimirùm, aquea & terrea; in plumbo aquea & <lb></lb>terrea duntaxat: ergo plus habet ponderis in aëre lignum, quàm plumbum. </s> <s>Quoniam verò vide<lb></lb>tur accipere hoc argumentum, grauitatem aëris eſſe magni momenti, neque placito huic defuere <lb></lb>patroni; quæramus in primis, vtrum'ne grauitas aëris in proprio loco maior ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="cęterorũ">cęterorum</expan> grauium. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg2952"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Mihi verò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ratio dictat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> monſtrat experientia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> teſtatur vnquam Ariſt. </s> <s>aërem grauitate <lb></lb>reliqua ſuperare. </s> <s>Nanque velim ego intelligere, ecquæ' nam ſit ratio propter quam agatur aër ad <lb></lb>aquæ <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan>, & è <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> illò euehatur & cęteris cedentibus <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> migret in centrum. </s> <s>an <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> ſimul habet <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> leuitate <expan abbr="coniunctã">coniunctam</expan>? </s> <s>Certè, & hæc cauſſa eſt, cur inſeruiat motibus vio<lb></lb>lentis: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> motu <expan abbr="violẽto">violento</expan> graue ſurſum <expan abbr="pellit̃">pellitur</expan>, præ grauitate verò reſiſtit; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm propenſione vaca<lb></lb>ret, illò <expan abbr="impulsũ">impulsum</expan> facilè non acciperet; adeſt aër, qui leuitate aliqua inſignitus, habet ad ſuperiora <expan abbr="pro-penſionẽ">pro<lb></lb>penſionem</expan>. </s> <s>contrà, leue deorſum <expan abbr="violẽtia">violentia</expan> <expan abbr="cõcìtatur">concìtatur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illò ſuapte natura promoneretur, ſed alieno <lb></lb>impetu ſic <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, aër, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> grauis, eò propendens, <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> <expan abbr="prõptius">promptius</expan> excipit. </s> <s>Quod attinet ad <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> naturalem, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> vidimus, ſi <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, dum <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan>; nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> eius leuitatemúe fa<lb></lb>cere: ſi verò <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> fuerit; cùm à mobili ipſo primùm pulſio & oppreſsio <expan abbr="miniſtret̃">miniſtretur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> eſt, quae plus grauitatis erit in opprimente, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in eo quod <expan abbr="opprimit̃">opprimitur</expan>, quin potius leuitate fauet de<lb></lb>ſcenſui, viciſsim <expan abbr="q́">que</expan>. </s> <s>aſcenſui grauitate, mobili <expan abbr="reſiſtẽs">reſiſtens</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> efficiens, ne <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> <expan abbr="deducat̃">deducatur</expan> ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm, ſed <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ac per <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan>, vnde motus <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> deducebatur. </s> <s>Nulla ergo cauſſa eſt <lb></lb>ob <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> aër in ſuo loco maius habeat <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliqua, nec propter motus <expan abbr="violẽtos">violentos</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> naturales, nec <lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> itidem. </s> <s>quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> exiſtimabit id quod eſt <expan abbr="min9">minus</expan> graue, <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> habere <expan abbr="procliuitatẽ">procliuitatem</expan> ad id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2953"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt eſſe in loco inferiore, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan> graue ſimpliciter, niſi <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> remota col<lb></lb>locet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in propinqua, & à grauis natura prorſus ipſius <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="ſeiũgat">ſeiungat</expan>? </s> <s>adeſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facultas & habilitas, quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan> medio corpori: nihilominus actus <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> eſt quod <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſt, & tale ſimpliciter: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſuprà <lb></lb>vires aget natura, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> functiones <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma <expan abbr="cõgruent">congruent</expan>; aderit <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> aliquid <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>: quapropter illud <lb></lb>munus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit naturale. </s> <s>Prętereà creſcit motus & inclinatio ex eo, quae poteſtas actui primo appropin<lb></lb>quet: at minus graue magis ab actu primo, quod eſt eſſe grauis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> grauius diſtat. </s> <s>& planè minus <lb></lb>graue, quia magis habet de forma <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, ab actu <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> primò, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdò">ſecundò</expan> magis abeſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi forma <lb></lb>& perfectio grauis eſt eſſe in ſuo loco, & quo <expan abbr="graui9">grauius</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aliquid, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis accedit ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> ipſius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>; ſi aër minus eſt grauis, vt certè eſt, eius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> actus erit obſcurior & languidior. </s> <s>ita aut <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ocyus tendet ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ita directò; aut, ſi ocyus <expan abbr="tẽdet">tendet</expan>, vt <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan> ab aduerſario; forma gra<lb></lb>uis ſimpliciter ab ea <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſtabit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> grauis eſt aliqua ex parte, cuiuſmodi <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> eſſe aër. </s> <s>Quippe <expan abbr="ſecũ-dus">ſecun<lb></lb>dus</expan> <expan abbr="act9">actus</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> primo pari gradu procedit, vt hic <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="sũmus">summus</expan>, & abſolutus, vbi primus <expan abbr="cõsũmatus">consummatus</expan> fuerit, <lb></lb>& viciſsim, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> primus exiſtit, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> functio plena ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfecta. </s> <s>Hîc forſan occurres argumenta pro<lb></lb>poſita <expan abbr="cõuincere">conuincere</expan>, ſi aër per aliena loca moueri <expan abbr="ſumat̃">ſumatur</expan>, ſed per <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> nil obſtabit quo minus ita ſit. <pb pagenum="483"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2954"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hæc fortè profiteatur ille potius, qui <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> geniti ſiue medij, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè, vt obſiſtentis opera, <lb></lb>ſed vt vehentis obiri decernat; ad quod, cùm ſatis anteà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> ſit; nil eſt quòd in præſentia repetatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm neque is qui hæc autumat, negare poteſt, quin motus & inclinatio ab actu primo diſſentiat: <lb></lb>ſiquidem fateantur omnes aërem omnium grauium eſſe leuiſsimum; quia nimirùm ſubſtet vni <expan abbr="ele-mẽto">ele<lb></lb>mento</expan>, ſuperemineat duobus, & tamen erit efficacius illud munus quod à grauitate, quàm id quod <lb></lb>à leuitate præſtabitur, neque ſolùm quòd ſeipſum grauitate; iam enim datur hoc gratis; ſed quòd <lb></lb>reliqua grauia ſuperet. </s> <s>Et profectò quis finis eius motus? </s> <s>non'ne debuit moueri minus, cùm iam <lb></lb>locum ſuum occupet, ob eam .ſ. </s> <s>cauſſam, quæ expoſita eſt, dum doceremus, cur in ſuo loco pondus <lb></lb>aquæ non ſentiretur? </s> <s>Cùm etiam adiuuet aſcenſum eorum quæ præter naturam mouentur, in ſuo <lb></lb>loco, monſtrat habitum ineſſe, qui ſpeciem contrarij præſegerat: atqui, vbi pollet <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> vis; <lb></lb>neceſſe quoque eſt, proprij actus efficacitas ſit retuſa: ſi minus; quid obſecrò vetabit, quin aqua <lb></lb>tepida magis refrigeret, quàm ſi frigida foret? </s> <s>Ergo aëris actus nunquàm, nec vſquàm ſummus <lb></lb>exiſtet, ſed ſemper à facultate contraria repreſſus. </s> <s>Cur etiam pondus aquę ſentiturà nobis in aëre, <lb></lb>non in aquis, ſi maius eſt aëris pondus in proprio loco, quàm cęterorum grauium? </s> <s>magnum hoc <lb></lb>quoque <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> eſt, aërem in proprio loco <expan abbr="neutiquã">neutiquam</expan> grauitate reliqua ſuperare. </s> <s>Neque id vnquam <lb></lb>profectò ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſignificatum fuiſſe conſtat, neque vbi de officio medij diſputatur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item 4. de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2955"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cęlo, vbi de grauitate quam habent in ſuis locis elementa, facta eſt mentio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> debuit quiſquam <lb></lb>ex hoc quòd velocius deſcendat lignum per aërem, quàm lapis, aut plumbum, cùm in eo primę ſint <lb></lb>aëris, cauſſam velocitatis aëri tribuere, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ocyus in proprio loco moueatur, quam cętera grauia: <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>hypotheſi ineſt fallacia duplex: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & non cauſſa, vt cauſſa ſumitur, & argumentum in<lb></lb>fertur ab eo, quod eſt quodammodo ad id quod eſt ſimpliciter, ponitur enim cauſſa effectrix eius <lb></lb>velocitatis aër, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem ſimpliciter: at velocitas à grauium dominio proficiſcitur, ſed in aë<lb></lb>re quidem efficiente, verùm non impediente, quia maiorem habeat propenſionem ad inferiora, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ad ſuperiora: ex quo ſanè id ſequitur, vt deorſum celerius quàm ſurſum moueatur. </s> <s>nunquid'ne <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alia corpora grauiora? </s> <s>quid nos hoc dare cogit? </s> <s>Confirmari etiam hæc poſſunt eo, quia ſiqua <lb></lb>cauſſa eſt ob quam præceps ruat ſaxum, ea certè foret, quae aër ipſum promoueret. </s> <s>Tum quæro an'ne <lb></lb>raritate, aut denſitate id efficeret. </s> <s>Si raritate id effici putes; at quod rarius, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> leuius: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>violentia magis fertur deorſum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi denſitatem huius rei cauſſam eſſe velis: at quo denſior <lb></lb>fuerit aër, eo tardius mobile per ipſum deſcendet, cùm docuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>& manifeſtò poſuerit, per me<lb></lb>dium, quo rarius eſſet, eo velocius grauia, aut leuia ferri. </s> <s>Si verò propenſionem per ſe ipſam atten<lb></lb>das, & eam cenſeas eſſe cauſſam, cur ſit inſtrumentum motus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ per ipſum cientur. </s> <s>animad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2956"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uerte, obſecro, ſi grauior eſt aër, neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> præcedet in deſcenſu naturali. </s> <s>Verùm ſi hîc adiu<lb></lb>uat motum, quia præcedit; eodem pacto in aſcenſu naturali antecedere oportebit. </s> <s>par <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quantum <lb></lb>ſpectat ad medium, in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> eſt ratio motus: niſi, quae propter maiorem propenſionem ad inferiorem <lb></lb>locum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad ſuperiorem, opera eius in deſcenſu, quam in aſcenſu eſt expeditior. </s> <s>Quare magis item <lb></lb>erit in ſuo loco leuior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> leuia, quod tamen auſim affirmare ab omnium Peripateticorum placitis <lb></lb>abhorrere. </s> <s>Sic aliquam differentiæ rationem in aſcenſu & deſcenſu, quod ſpectat ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>aſsignare præſtabat, quæ tamen ne per tranſennam quidem fuerit indicata, & cùm de deſcenſu & <lb></lb>grauitate corporis illius, quatenus per ſe & ſimpliciter mobile eſt, mentionem fecerit, & eam cauſ<lb></lb>ſam perpenderit, à qua grauitas ipſa permanat; eius grauitatem, non cum cęterorum grauitate, ſed <lb></lb>cum propria leuitate contulerit. </s> <s>Neque ſenſus aliter perſuadet. </s> <s>Nam potes tu aëreum aliquid <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>terreſtre conferre deiiciens ex inſigni quadam altitudine, ſi ad trutinam patiter vtraque pendant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Potes etiam experiri ab vtro maior ictus accedat: arguit autem ictus & pondus & celeritatem. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſi ſenſus hoc monſtraret in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan>, opus fuiſſet Ariſt. </s> <s>ſumere lignum, quod ſex partibus plum<lb></lb>bo grauius eſſet in quo reliquæ grauium partes exuperant apertiſsimè: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> confice<lb></lb>re potuiſſet accepta qualibet mole in qua dominaretur aër. </s> <s>etenim <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> ratione, quia velocius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2957"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in loco ſuo <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cętera grauia moueretur, dubitationem afferre, & cauſſam ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="indicatã">indicatam</expan>, tolerare <lb></lb>poſſet. </s> <s>Sed quid ego ſtupidus, cùm fontes habeam, riuulos conſector? </s> <s>Non'ne cauſſa redditur ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cur homo ſolus omnium animantium rectus incedat eo, quòd calidior reliquis? </s> <s>quánam, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2958"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obſecro, caliditate? </s> <s>num'ne ignea? </s> <s>minimè, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars eſt hæc mixtionis, ſed aërea. </s> <s>leuitatis er<lb></lb>go hoc, non ponderis ſignum eſt, & multò plus poſſe, quod ſimplex eſt, quàm mixtum, videtur eſſe <lb></lb>probabile; quandò in mixtis aliqua contrarij vis extat quę impetum refringat. </s> <s>Hæc igitur me per<lb></lb>ſuadent, quominus credam aërem in ſuo loco cęteris eſſe grauiorem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2952"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2953"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2954"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2955"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2956"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2957"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2958"></margin.target>a 2. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid dederit locum ei ſuſpicioni, quòd aër in ſuo loco cæteris grauior ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVE ea quidem de ſimplicibus. </s> <s>Et quanuis omnium eorum quæ ſunt in compoſitis, cauſ<lb></lb>ſa petenda ſit à ſimplicibus, ea tamen varietas quæ conſpicitur in ipſis, dum per diuer<lb></lb>ſa loca feruntur, nos ad cogitandum traxit, & mentes noſtras ad ſpeculationem ſui traduxit, vt <lb></lb>illud generale tantùm reſideat in animis noſtris; ea moueri ſecundùm victoriam elementi cu<lb></lb>iuſpiam; ita vt ad eundem locum paullò plus minuſúe contendant, in quem vult elementum <lb></lb>dominans peruenire, ſed tarditatis atque velocitatis ratio par in diuerſis locis non aſpicitur. <pb pagenum="484"></pb>Eſt enim lignum 96. lib. pondo: eſt & plumbum pondo lib. 16. illud .ſ. </s> <s>hoc ſex partibus grauius: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2959"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan>, quod grauius eſt, velocius fertur; fertur etiam infra id quod eſt minus graue, quemadmodum <lb></lb>tenta quæ ſubmergitur in aquis; nihilominus in aëre quidem velocius fertur lignum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> plumbum, <lb></lb>at verò, poſtquam ad locum aquę peruenerint, enatat lignum in aqua; mergitur autem plumbum: <lb></lb>neque lignum, niſi vi mergi poteſt: ac ſi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> fuerint in aquæ fundo; manet ibi plumbum: <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> <lb></lb>verò, niſi vi <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="coactũ">coactum</expan>, ibi manere non poteſt, & amotis impedientibus euehitur protinus ad aquæ <lb></lb>ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Neque minus admirationis incutit illud, quae cùm lignum plures obtineat aëris partes, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliquorum elementorum ſeorſum: etiam in aëris loco tantum habeat pondus, vt ſuperet <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <lb></lb>plumbi portionem, in qua nihil aëris continetur: non dico quantum pertinet ad locum in quo ma<lb></lb>net ſecundùm naturam; nam, quia mixtum, conuenit illi ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> infima ſuperficies aëris, <lb></lb>ſed quae ocyus in aëre moueatur: etenim manent ſecundùm naturam elementa in ſuo loco, vt etiam <lb></lb>ſuprà ſignificauimus. </s> <s>Cęterùm in primis ponere oportet varias eſſe miſcellarum formulas. </s> <s>tum quae <lb></lb>mixta grauia, <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint ex formę perfectione, quia .ſ. </s> <s>minus infracta ſit alicuius elementi poteſtas <lb></lb>vt ea quæ terræ eſt, minus eſt infracta in ferro, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in carne: tum quae multas cuiuſdam elementi partes <lb></lb>obtineat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illas, vel confuſas, vel etiam ſeparatim receptas in cauitatibus huiuſmodi eſt lignum, <lb></lb>in quo magna eſt copia meatuum, quibus aër affatim continetur, reliqua pars eſt terrena. </s> <s>Verun<lb></lb>tamen, ſi locum reſpiciamus, ad quem ſuopte impulſu feruntur; par eſt omnium ratio, qua ferun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2960"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur in loca propria, ſiue ob partium <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan>, ſiue formæ perfectionem; ſiue vniformiter diſpo<lb></lb>ſita ſint, ſiue item partes diuerſas obtineant; ſiue dominium ex materia participatione, ſiue etiam <lb></lb>ex affectione naſcatur, & per ſe feruntur in eum locum qui idem eſt ac dominantis elementi, qua<lb></lb>cunque ratione dominetur. </s> <s>Sed aliter planè dicendum eſt, ſi ad aërem & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> referantur per quæ <lb></lb>tanquam media mouentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & hoc mox inquirendum eſt, quod tamen faciemus cęteris cogi<lb></lb>tatione ſeiunctis, quæ cum mediis, tum mobilibus ineſſe ſolent, vt moles & raritas; quanquàm dif<lb></lb>ficile admodum eſt ea ſeparare quæ rei perpetuò ſunt affixa. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Mirùm enim videbatur quae lignum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2961"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>C. pondo in aëre deſcenderet ocyus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> plumbum pondo I. in aqua verò enataret lignum, plumbum <lb></lb>peteret imum, quæ'nam, obſecro, varietatis huiuſce cauſſa? </s> <s>cur ſicut in aëre partium <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> mul<lb></lb>titudo pondus affert; in aqua non idem efficit; Hoc certè non à pondere ipſo, ſed à viribus elemen<lb></lb>ti participati proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Nam maior moles in vniformibus & forma perfectior vbique retinent <lb></lb>eaſdem vites: &, ſi terra dominetur, pro perfectionis <expan abbr="magnitudiniſq́">magnitudiniſque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione celerius aguntur. </s> <s>at <lb></lb>vbi ratio diſpar eſt <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan>, neceſſe item eſt varia ſit celeritatis ratio per media diuerſa: tametſi <lb></lb>dubitationem afferre potuit, quod de terra & plumbo ſenſus indicabat, vt, quanuis terra vires inte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2962"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gras haberet, à plumbi grauitate vinceretur. </s> <s>Attamen eius euenti cauſſa non videbatur eſſe per ſe, <lb></lb>&, quanuis moles <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> par eſſet; non erat, quae expectaretur æquum <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> pondus. </s> <s>Cùm enim <lb></lb>terra vacet humore illo quem <foreign lang="grc">συνεκτικὸν</foreign> Græci vocant, nos continuantem vocemus, quia partes <lb></lb>aridas inter ſe connectat; haud credendum eſt; cùm multus ſit in plumbo: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>compreſſus & <lb></lb>terminatus, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> terrenis qualitatibus affectus, quia aſſerat multum <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan>, & in aëre & in aquis; <lb></lb>pro quo in terræ partes aër irrepit, qui non ita prægrauat in aëre, ſicut aqua. </s> <s>quae pro aëre ſubeat hu<lb></lb>mor, præſertim quia non eſt ita compreſſus & concretus, vt in plumbo; in aqua grauitatem non ef<lb></lb>ficiet, neque tantam in aëre creabit. </s> <s>Si verò maior terræ moles fuerit, ea conſequentur impedimen<lb></lb>ta, quæ minuent motum, vt moles. </s> <s>Ergo cùm in plumbo terra primas obtineat, ſiue propter mate<lb></lb>riam, ſiue propter affectum, vt opinor, aër autem in ligno, & aërem proprio loco habet aliquam pro<lb></lb>penſionem ad locum inferiorem: ſi plus quàm plumbum ſexcuplo fuerit, <expan abbr="tãtò">tantò</expan> velocius etiam per <lb></lb>aërem feretur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> plumbum. </s> <s>Etenim grauitati, quæ ab aqua & terra deriuatur, aër non reſiſtet, <lb></lb>quinimmo aliquid conferet. </s> <s>& quoniam ibi dominatur aër, vbi ad aquam ventum fuerit, <expan abbr="plumbũ">plumbum</expan>, <lb></lb>quià terreſtre, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> graue feretur ad terram <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> per aquam: lignum verò, cùm ſit aëreum; <lb></lb>hoc autem in aqua eſt leue, enatabit. </s> <s>Et eadem cauſſa eſt, cur lignum in aquæ fundo non maneat, <lb></lb>plumbum contrà quieſcat ibi ſecundùm naturam; ſiquidem in eo terra dominatur, & cur lignum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2963"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod in aqua leue eſt, ſecundùm naturam maneat in aquæ ſuperficie, & ad ipſam ſuopte impulſu <lb></lb>euehatur. </s> <s>Quòd autem in aëre non maneat, etiam ſi aëreum ſit; partim falſum eſt, partim non ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium: hoc quidem, quia non eſt aer purus, ſed corpus mixtum; ideò locum <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan> in aere ſibi <lb></lb>aſciſcit; illud verò, quoniam locus aeris porrigitur <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="extremã">extremam</expan> aquę ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Themiſtius <lb></lb>autem aliam quoque cauſſam reddidit, vt doceret, cur lignum enataret in aquis. </s> <s>hæc autem non <lb></lb>propenſio, neque omnino cauſſa per ſe habita eſt, ſed amplitudo corporis, quæ ab aquæ reſiſtentia <lb></lb>ſuperatur. </s> <s>At mihi non arridet hoc dictum: quoniam, ſi lamina plumbea capiatur, & ſphæra li<lb></lb>gni, quæ ſex partibus minor ſit, quàm plumbum; enatabit ſanè ſphæra lignea; plumbea verò lami<lb></lb>na ſubmergetur: licet id non negem eam merſum iri difficilius, quàm ſi globoſa foret: neque <lb></lb>enim ſatis idonea eſt eiuſmodi figura ad medium diuidendum. </s> <s>Sed tamen ſi figuram omnino <lb></lb>ſeiungas, optimè perſpicies amplitudinem eius euenti cauſſam eſſe non poſſe. </s> <s>Ab his redeo <lb></lb>nunc Auerrois argumentum, admonens eandem eſſe rationem grauitatis & leuitatis, ac reliqua<lb></lb>rum qualitatum: poteſt enim vel in ipſis materia ſpectari; hoc eſt eius multitudo & vt dici ſolet <lb></lb>extentio, vel forma & actus, quod <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan> vocant & gradum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & multa aqua valde refri <pb pagenum="485"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2964"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gerat, & aqua ſummè frigida: illa quidem propter materiæ copiam in qua etiam multum formæ <lb></lb>quæ cum materia producitur, inſit neceſſe eſt, à qua virtus & functio proficiſcitur, ita vt in maiore <lb></lb>corpore; non ſanè, quia terminos habeat ampliores, ſed quia moles ſit maior: vis etiam maior <lb></lb>inſit: aqua verò quæ ſummè frigida eſt, propter formæ gradum magis refrigerat. </s> <s>Sed, quoniam <lb></lb>grauitas & leuitas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnino motus naturalis formæ gradum potius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> multitudinem ſequi vi<lb></lb>dentur: quando dicitur, dans formam dare conſequentia, & perducere in ſuum locum; gradus eius <lb></lb>animaduertitur, non autem multitudo: proptereà ſi tres illæ grauitates attendantur quas Themi<lb></lb>ſtio magnus ille Arabs obiecit, eæ potius erunt extenſiuè, vt ſic dicamus, acceptæ, quàm intenſiuè. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec quicquam cogit Themiſtium ad fatendum aëris grauitatem adiungere quicquam motui quod <lb></lb>pertineat ad eius incrementum, ſed conſenſum potius & conſpirationem cum reliquis grauitatibus <lb></lb>quæ expeditæ facilius operari poterunt. </s> <s>Ita ergo adhibita diſtinctione reſpondebit ad <expan abbr="propoſitionẽ">propoſitionem</expan> <lb></lb>Themiſtius dans. </s> <s>Vbi plus grauitatis ſecundùm gradum, id ferri velocius, & ſic aſſumptio falſa re<lb></lb>putabitur; neque enim in ligno erit intentior, quàm in plumbo. </s> <s>Quòd ſi extenſiuè grauitates in pro<lb></lb>poſitione ſumantur, ea tum non erit concedenda. </s> <s>Rationes enim & experientia, atque item hy<lb></lb>potheſes Ariſtotelicæ reclamant huic pronunciato.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2965"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2959"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2960"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2961"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 37.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2962"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2963"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2964"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2965"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquę tolluntur, & cauſſa exploratur quorundam problematum ad rerum <lb></lb>pondera pertinentium. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OBIICITVR hîc nobis plumbum, quod eſt ferro quidem rarius, ſed tamen eo grauius; at <lb></lb>cùm raritas ſit aëris proprium; aër erit ipſe grauior. </s> <s>At verò qui ita dicit, inter rarum & rarius <lb></lb>diſcrimen ponere certè neſcit, quod enim rarius eſt, non idcirco rarum eſſe docuit Ariſtoteles. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sit ergo plumbum rarius; atqui ita eſt, quia raritatem habet ex eo genere quod conuenit aquæ: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2966"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſa enim pro certa ratione, licet affecta & virtute ſolùm non actu, dominatur in plumbo. </s> <s>Non igi<lb></lb>tur aëris leuitas inde concluditur, quanquàm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> grauitas illa in plumbo ſoli intentioni & gradui <lb></lb>formæ poteſt adſcribi, nam qualitates quæ terræ conueniunt, accipit, ſed acceſſu frigoris aqua vni<lb></lb>formiter & æqualiter <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> <expan abbr="cõpreſſa">compreſſa</expan>, omnes aëris partes excluſit: quamobrem adeſt prætereà ma<lb></lb>teriæ multitudo cum grauitate terrena: cùm cęteroqui ferrum inæqualiter mixtum ſit, & in poris <lb></lb>aliquam aëris portionem contineat. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ferrum in aëre leuius, credo etiam in aquis. </s> <s>Nam video <lb></lb>plumbum appendi rudentibus, vbi ad perpendiculum in aquam <expan abbr="altiſsimã">altiſsimam</expan> vrinatores mergi velint, <lb></lb>& plumbum addi retium crepidinibus, non autem ferrum, & <foreign lang="grc">κατὰπειρατηριας</foreign>, ſen <foreign lang="grc">βολιδας</foreign> (ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2967"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò hæc inſtrumenta nautica, quibus altitudinem maris explorant, vulgò ab officio ſcandalia nun<lb></lb>cupata) confici è plumbo. </s> <s>Quamobrem in maribus ſeptentrionalibus cùm ob eorum immenſam <lb></lb>profunditatem, nulla funium longitudine fundum queat attingi, <expan abbr="multiſq́">multiſque</expan>. </s> <s>in locis vſus anchorę non <lb></lb>ſit, circulos ferreos plumbo incluſos eius loco demittunt; ac ferreos quidem, vt ſuſtineant; <expan abbr="plũbeos">plumbeos</expan> <lb></lb>verò, vt pondus afferant, atq hæc experientia valde me mouet: nam fortè poſſet uis obſiſti cauſſan<lb></lb>do plumbi mollitiem, propter quam ad multa opera plumbo vtimur expeditiſsimè, ſed hîc eadem <lb></lb>exiſtit opera in circulis ferreis fabricandis, ac ſi ſolidi forent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & vſus plumbi conuincit ea ma<lb></lb>ioris eſſe ponderis, quibus non eſt aër, quàm ſi aërea fuerint, vbi paris ſint ponderis ad libram. <lb></lb></s> <s>Noui quoque & experientiam illam ab vtribus acceptam à Ptolęmeo <expan abbr="Simplicioq́">Simplicioque</expan>. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="cõtrouerſiam">controuerſiam</expan> <lb></lb>aliquando reuocatam: inquiunt enim ex lance minime ſpectari poſſe, vtrum'ne follis, aut vter aëre <lb></lb>plenus grauior ſit, quàm ſi exhauſtus eſſet. </s> <s>quin & vtriuſque pondus æquum apparere, aut etiam <lb></lb>maius eſſe ante, quàm infletur. </s> <s>& tamen verbum illud <foreign lang="grc">ἔλκειν</foreign>, quod eſt pendere, ſignificare videtur <lb></lb>examinationem ad <expan abbr="trutinã">trutinam</expan> fuiſſe factam. </s> <s>Quicquid verò ſit de hac ipſa voce: nam potuit ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>transferri ad onus notandum, <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo fuerit examinatum: non equidem arbitror, niſi in re <lb></lb>maxima, aut etiam in illa ægrè ad modum libræ pondus poſſe diſtingui. </s> <s><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>euenire in examina <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2968"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione ponderis ipſius aëris, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, quàm in explorandis aquæ ponderibus quantò item aër <lb></lb>quàm aqua leuior eſt: nam leuitas à ſenſu potius per modum priuationis agnoſcitur: at aquæ leui<lb></lb>tatem mediis examinant non libra, ſiquidem vix deprehendi poſsit, ſed facili affectione ad calorem <lb></lb>& frigus: ita & quantum pertinet ad initia <expan abbr="profectumq́">profectumque</expan>. </s> <s>motus, indicium ponderis, meo quidem <lb></lb>iudicio, ex qualitate motus aſſumi debet, ac primùm quidem ex celeritate deſcenſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum <lb></lb>à vicinia lineę, quam cadendo deſcribit, ad mundi ipſius dimetientem, & ab ictu, quem cadendo <lb></lb>faciunt. </s> <s>Nos autem quotidie cernimus folles inflatos in altum euectos impetu maiore præcipitari, <lb></lb>quàm ſi inanes fuerint; <expan abbr="valdeq́ue">valdeque</expan> ad perpendiculum: quæ ſanè ſunt optima grauitatis indicia: <lb></lb>rectius item per medium propelluntur, quàm exhauſti, quod item grauitatis ſignum eſt: grauius <lb></lb>enim ſaxum, eo tamen vſque, vt illi dominetur abundè proiiciens, libratur magis ad <expan abbr="ſcopũ">ſcopum</expan>, quàm <lb></lb>id quod leuius eſt, non ita præualente aëre in quem offendit, aduerſus ipſum propter pondus, vt po<lb></lb>ſteà docebimus. </s> <s>Ita ergo poterit grauitas follis à nobis expendi. </s> <s>Sed poſtquàm eo venimus; vt de <lb></lb>corporum naturalium pondere verba faceremus, etiam locus hic tolerabit, vt parum per euagemur <lb></lb>in natura ponderis explananda, & cauſſas aliquot <expan abbr="problematũ">problematum</expan> ad rerum pondera <expan abbr="ſpectãtium">ſpectantium</expan> ediſſe<lb></lb>ramus, etenim vulgò fertur <expan abbr="ouũ">ouum</expan> <expan abbr="crudũ">crudum</expan> leuius eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi <expan abbr="coctũ">coctum</expan> fuerit, ita & de pane & latere prędicant. <pb pagenum="486"></pb>Id verò non iniuria poſſet admirationem afferre: quandò ab igni affecta ſunt qui cùm impertiatur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2969"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calorem, vnde leuitas exiſtit, rem nihilominus efficiat grauiorem. </s> <s>Quin etiam, ſi eorum pars à ca<lb></lb>lore affecta exhalat, cùm per ſe pondus afferret, abiens item aliquam partem eius ponderis aufert, <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> minus pendet, quàm prius. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> contingit in luto è Nilo excepto; quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magis areſcit, <lb></lb>eo quoque grauius redditur. </s> <s>At verò in hac conquiſitione rationis exordium tale fuerit, ſi de gra<lb></lb>uitate ſit hæc prima diſtinctio. </s> <s>Functionis efficacitatem à duobus manare principiis, à forma nimi<lb></lb>rùm, quæ iam ſuis numeris, aut propè abſoluta fuerit, quo enim forma fuerit abſolutior, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>functio naſcetur efficacior, & à materia: nam quo plus habet materiæ, plus item habet roboris ea <lb></lb>virtus. </s> <s>Accipiamus item ſic inter ſe amare calorem & liquorem, vt nullus ſit liquor ſine quodam <lb></lb>gradu caloris, & ex aduerſo nullus exiſtat calor ſine liquore, à calore autem leuitatis initia peti. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter, vbi humor, aliqua item ratio leuitatis inſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>vnde etiam humida, ſi non om<lb></lb>nino, at aliqua ex parte leuia ſunt. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò cùm duplex ſit humor, aqueus & aëreus; ita <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> gemina erit ratio caloris, & proinde leuitatis; quippe aqueæ & aëreæ. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò aquea <lb></lb>pondus in aëre facit, vt etiam pondus rebus grauiſsimis afferat, veluti plumbo & auto: vnde item <lb></lb>callidi mercatores, vt mercium pondera amplificent, in locis humidis eas conſeruant, & emptori<lb></lb>bus hac techna imponunt, & vafer ille agricola, vt dominum falleret, in aceruo tritici eadum aceti <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2970"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Galeno auctore condebat; ſic magnitudinem & pondus augebat. </s> <s>ita vt, quanuis nihil ſenſilis hu<lb></lb>moris accedat, pondus tamen inſigne contrahant; quaſi id non acceſsione ſubſtantiæ, ſed qualitatis <lb></lb>ſolius eueniat. </s> <s>Aërea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> leuitas tametſi in aëris loco ab eiuſdem grauitate ſuperatur; attamen, <lb></lb>ſi cum cęteris partibus grauitatis conferatur; planum quòd in inferiore loco renititur grauibus, ſed <lb></lb>in ſuo quoque, licet <expan abbr="conſetiat">conſentiat</expan> cum cęteris, neque deſcenſui repugnet, <expan abbr="facileq́">facileque</expan>. </s> <s>ſe vinci patiatur, at <lb></lb>non idcirco per ſe pondus auget. </s> <s>ſigno illud eſt, quòd ſi in eius locum alia grauia ſubeant, multo <lb></lb>maius erit corporis illius pondus, & ita mulum agaſo emendauit, qui ſaccos ſatis in aqua merge<lb></lb>bat, vt onere leuaretur: eliquabatur enim & effluebat: nam pro ſaccis ſatis lanæ ſarcinas impoſuit, <lb></lb>eæ verò cùm aquam imbibiſſent, pondus auxerunt. </s> <s>Ouium igitur humore ſcatet, atque illo qui<lb></lb>dem ſpirabili & aëreo qui leuis eſt, exhalat hic inter coquendum, ſuperſunt partes illę terrenæ quę <lb></lb>à calore coguntur. </s> <s>Igitur leui parte difflata, reſtant graues quæ non impeditæ efficacius <expan abbr="operãtur">operantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm etiam calor aliquando ſit vt affectio; ſit item vt materia, veluti res calida, & <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo con<lb></lb>ferat aliquid ad leuitatem; ſicuti vapores oſtendunt qui nil aliud eſſe videntur, quàm aqua conca<lb></lb>lefacta, ſi coctio calorem qui inerat, fortè extinguat (neque enim repugnat naturæ calorem mino<lb></lb>rem confici à maiore) conſequetur etiam, vt quod ante coctionem leuius erat, grauius ex coctione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2971"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reddatur. </s> <s>Quid igitur vetat, quominus hoc in ouo contingat, ſi non ex omni, aliqua ſaltem ex par<lb></lb>te: vt quia ſit calidum album, vtputa per ſe viuens; luteum verò à calore affectum, quia ſit futu<lb></lb>rum alimentum; cùm cęteroqui per ſe terreſtre ſit & frigidum? </s> <s>Eadem quoque ratio pani conue<lb></lb>niet, quòd in eo fermentitia pars ineſt, quæ vim agendi obtinet, vt in ſemine genitura, & calida pars <lb></lb>eſt, vt a credo teſtatur, & calor aduentitius, vt in ſemine & ouo dictum eſt: nam fit panis è ſemini<lb></lb>bus. </s> <s>Hæc igitur coquendo exhalare dicemus, & terrenam relinquere portionem quæ pro ratione <lb></lb>dominantis elementi pondus obtinebit. </s> <s>In latere, vt mea fert opinio, cauſſa vna renouatæ grauita<lb></lb>tis, quia .ſ. </s> <s>partes ante coctionem non erant ita puræ, vt à coctione, omni aqueo humore ſegregato. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quocirca purior ex coctione terra relinquitur: itaque magis pro ſuæ naturæ propenſione opera<lb></lb>tur, eodem quoque pacto de luto Nili dicendum eſt. </s> <s>Et ſi igitur accedit coquendo calor cuius offi<lb></lb>cium eſt tribuere leuitatem, & ſi partes aquæ quarum proprium eſt afferre pondus, euocantur; ni<lb></lb>hilominus efficiuntur ex coctione grauiores, quia vel calor inductus extinguatur, vel, quia purior <lb></lb>terra ſuperſit, vel ex <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> cauſſa ſimul. </s> <s>&, vt in ſua principia rem deducam, quòd accedat inten<lb></lb>tio noua grauitatis, licet extentio minuatur. </s> <s>& extentionem <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> vincat intentio, & perfectio <lb></lb>formæ materiæ multitudinem. </s> <s>Quanquam id videtur afferre difficultatem, quòd ſi latet coquen<lb></lb>do fit grauior, cur etiam non maius eſt pondus defruti, quàm vini? </s> <s>eadem enim ratio: nam partes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2972"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>repurgantur, & terra purior remanet: extinguitur item calor contractus ab acinis; ſiquidem tolli<lb></lb>tur omnis ſeruor ex ea materia cuius erat cauſſa feruor conceptus ab acinis. </s> <s>ita grauius eſſe oporte<lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>aut ſi hiſce cauſsis intercedentibus non concipitur grauitas; neque item valebunt eędem ad ſu<lb></lb>periorum problematum rationes reddendas. </s> <s>An etiam hîc eędem cauſſę valerent, ſed obſtat illud, <lb></lb>quòd dum fit paſſum & defrutum, magna pars eius ſubſtantiæ deteritur, & abit in ſpumam & ex<lb></lb>crementa quæ grauitatem in muſto faciebant. </s> <s>Hoc igitur tantum eſt, vt à formæ perfectione com<lb></lb>penſari nequeat. </s> <s>Itaque efficitur, vt coquendo leuius fiat. </s> <s>Quòd ſi opponas etiam de lateris ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia minui quippiam. </s> <s>At, inquam ego, non tantum eſt, quin à perfectione formæ vincatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tametſi & illud in mentem venit, hoc in aëris loco euenire; ſiquidem in aquæ loco maius habeat <lb></lb>pondus, quàm vinum. </s> <s>& hoc enatat, mergitur illud: id verò formæ perfectioni eſt adſcribendum; <lb></lb>nam terram magis imitatur. </s> <s>Ergo in aëre valet item extentio; in aqua verò intentio ſola videtur <lb></lb>attendenda. </s> <s><pb pagenum="487"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2973"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2966"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2967"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2968"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2969"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2970"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2971"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2972"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2973"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur ratio qua cucurbitulę trahunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VSVS item eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>exemplo à cucurbitulis accepto ad conſenſum motuum naturalium expli<lb></lb>candum, quarum frequens eſt vſus in balneis, ad attrahendum ſanguinem ad cutem, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> & <lb></lb>ſi ſit multiplex motus, irrigatio, primùm & calefactio humoris illius qui prius aderat in cucurbitu<lb></lb>lis, attractio carnium, vnde per vim ſanguis exprimitur ex anguſtiſsimis venularum orificiis, <expan abbr="attamẽ">attamen</expan> <lb></lb>ille vnus eſt qui nos excitat ad cauſſam perquirendam, quemadmodum aqua per ipſas attrahatur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi nouimus olim aquam exhauriri per fiſtulam ex humorum continuitate, & ad <expan abbr="obſtandũ">obſtandum</expan> <lb></lb>vacuo; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> hîc non ſatis conſtat illa humorum continuitas, præſertim <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> carnes quæ humidæ non <lb></lb>ſunt, ab eiſdem cucurbitulis attrahuntur. </s> <s>Laborarunt in hac re explicanda Alexander, & Auerro<lb></lb>es. </s> <s>Themiſtius habuit quod opponeret potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quod decerneret. </s> <s>Pauca de hoc ipſo Ariſt. </s> <s>vt non ni<lb></lb>ſi hæc duo, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> repetita ſæpius apud ipſum legantur. </s> <s>Primum quidem, quae calidum <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> vim attrahen<lb></lb>di. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum lib. 4. de Cęlo, vbi continuitatem corporum humidorum, tanquam eius euenti cauſ<lb></lb>ſam afferebat. </s> <s>Propter primum <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> reddit, cur in os vteri viri ſemen recipiatur: nam de illo <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> <lb></lb>ſic inquit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Interdum verò manent ita ſe habentia, interdum verò trahit intrò, ſi mediocriter (quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2974"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad ſitum) ſe habuerit, & calidus fuerit vterus propter purgationem. </s> <s>cuius rei indicium, quae illa humi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2975"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>da quæ prius appoſita fuerant, arida tolluntur. </s> <s>& paullò poſt. </s> <s>Trahit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> genituram hic locus, <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>calorem qui ineſt. </s> <s>& verò menſtruorum excretio & collectio, inurit calorem in hac parte. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vt va<lb></lb>ſa non illita” (Dicitur autem <foreign lang="grc">ἀκὸνιτον</foreign> vas quod Dioſcorides <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἀπίσσωτον</foreign> expoſuit .i. </s> <s>non picatum: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2976"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum illud à calce deductum foret, & ſignificaret nullo tectorio obductum: ſiquidem à picis oblitio<lb></lb>ne picatorum, & non picatorum differentiæ fuerint inductæ à Latinis, quæ à calce denominatæ ſunt <lb></lb>apud Græcos) “cùm aqua calida reſpenſa fuerint, ore inuerſo aquam ad ſeſe trahunt: illi ita verò non <lb></lb>trahunt. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="eouſq.">eouſque</expan> procedit Ariſt. </s> <s>vt vſum <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> inſtrumenti ad attrahendum vllum eſſe neget in <lb></lb>corpore animantis, cuiuſmodi rectos villos medici comminiſcuntur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> 4. verò de cęlo de <expan abbr="humidorũ">humidorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2977"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continuitate meminit:” ex quo item ratio reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cur vaſa non picata trahant humorem: picata ve<lb></lb>rò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>; quae .ſ. </s> <s>continuatur melius humor cum aſperis, propter inæqualitatem partium, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cum læ<lb></lb>uib. læuitas <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prohibet, quominus adhæreat humor. </s> <s>Itaque docebat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Alexander. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cur vulua vna <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2978"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omnium membrorum aſpera ſit interiore parte: habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quaſdam exuperantias quæ acetabula vo<lb></lb>cantur. </s> <s>non ſanè ob aliud, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt ſemen humidum retinere valeat: humor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facilè per læuem corporis <lb></lb>faciem labitur: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem ſemen à natura lentum, <expan abbr="glutinoſumq́">glutinoſumque</expan>. </s> <s>factum eſt, vt .ſ. </s> <s>tenacius hęreat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Idcirco <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> artifices operis tectorij prius ſcalpunt parietes, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> admoneant calcem. </s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cauſſa <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2979"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>afferri, cur meretrices rarò <expan abbr="pariãt">pariant</expan>; læuiores <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex nimio coitu partes vteri internæ factæ ſunt; & cur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>partib. obſtatur oleis quibuſdam quorum ea vis eſt, vt loca illa politiora reddant: nam ſemen eò pro<lb></lb>iectum, difficilius adhæret. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quocirca ſolent huic item <expan abbr="incõmodo">incommodo</expan> occurrere illitu oleorum <expan abbr="quorũ-">quorun<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2980"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dam glutinoſorum, quę partes illas aſperas efficiant, ſi fœcundæ velint eſſe. </s> <s>Verùm ad eam quæſtio<lb></lb>nem reſpondebat aliquando Alexander; humorem qui in cucurbitula concluſus eſſet (antè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pro<lb></lb>bè irrigarur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad hunc vſum accommodetur) excalefactum, excreuiſſe in maiorem amplitudinem, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> ferè cucurbitulæ cauitatem repleuiſſe. </s> <s>Vbi ergo aqua accedat, & humorem attingat; frigus ex<lb></lb>perta denſeſcit, & quaſi fugiens aduerſarium in <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> ſeſe recipit cauitatem. </s> <s>ita cùm ſit continua<lb></lb>tus cum aqua accedente, ſecum ipſam rapit. </s> <s>In Alexandrum hæc Themiſtius & Auerroes; fieri nullo <lb></lb>modo poſſe, vt aqua ingrediatur in cucurbitulam, niſi aut inane ſit, aut detur penetratio corporum <lb></lb>ob hanc cauſſam, vt opinor, quae ſicut aër præ frigore concreſcit, ita dilatatur à calore. </s> <s>Cùm igitur aëre <lb></lb>plena foret cucurbitula; calor ipſum diffudit adueniens aqua non poterit eundem cogere & ſpiſſa<lb></lb>re magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> antea fuiſſet. </s> <s>ita cum plena eſſet aëre cucurbitula, plena item erit poſt aquæ contractum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non igitur poterit illò migrare aliud corpus: talem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſum exprimimus è Themiſtiano codice, <lb></lb>quem modo terimus. </s> <s>Dixit etiam <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> Alexander: aërem qui continetur in vaſe, à calore atte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2981"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nuari, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>trahere humorem: ab eo verò contra pelli & opprimi, & in vaporem conuerti. </s> <s>In eam <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiam inuehebatur idem Themiſtius: quia vellet Alexander aërem ab humore à ſe attra<lb></lb>cto opprimi & pelli. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>fieri poteſt, vt trahat ſimul aliquid aër, & ab eo viciſsim pellatur: nam <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb>ad ſeſe trahit, ad ſeipſum mouetur: quare non eget alio quod ipſum agitet intra ſe. </s> <s>Auerroes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc <lb></lb>attuliſſe comperitur in Alexandrum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex Themiſtio. </s> <s>primùm contra primam: ſiquidem non mo<lb></lb>do trahitur aqua frigida, verum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> calida, quæ <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> deducere potuit aërem ad tam paruam molem, <lb></lb>vt cum ipſo in eadem cucurbitula conſiſtere queat vnà. </s> <s>Rurſus attrahuntur carnes, quæ frigidæ non <lb></lb>ſunt, ſed calidæ. </s> <s>Idcirco dixit Auerroes aërem in cucurbitula calefieri; affectum verò à calore fieri le<lb></lb>uem: id proptereà ſe conferre in ſuperiorem cucurbitulę partem, & inanem relinquere inferiorem. <lb></lb></s> <s>ad tollendum igitur <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> eò frigidam properare, & alia corpora quę cum aëre illo continua ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attamen ſi rareſcit aër, non'ne plus occupat ſpatij? </s> <s>certè. </s> <s>ideò tantum abeſt, vt alteri corpori cedat lo<lb></lb>cum, vt ex illo potius egredi cogat. </s> <s>Addo etiam quae eodem tempore à duob. </s> <s>príncipijs oppoſitis age<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Etenim aut aliud corpus leuius in cucurbitulę cauitate ſupereminet aëri, aut nullum certè, ſed <lb></lb>aër opplet vniuerſam cauitatem: aliter eſſet inane. </s> <s>ſiquid ſupereminet, id leuius eſt & rarius. </s> <s>vt ergo <lb></lb>ſubeat aër, ipſum calore denſeſcere oportet, quod eſt <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>. </s> <s>ſi totum ſpatium ab aëre occupatur, <pb pagenum="488"></pb>concitabitur quidem ſurſum <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; ſed præter naturam denſeſceret. </s> <s>itaque duo principia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2982"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contraria concurrent in eo motu. </s> <s>Doceas igitur, quæ'nam hæc ſunt. </s> <s>Vnum idem eſſe non poteſt, quae v<lb></lb>num ſimpliciter vnius cauſſa eſt. </s> <s>Tametſi hoc ita oppugnat experientiam, vt nihil ſuprà. </s> <s>obſeruam{9} <lb></lb>.n. vbi calor humori dominetur, ita humorem intumeſcere, vt vaſa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> validiſsima <expan abbr="diſrũpat">diſrumpat</expan>, id quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> faceret. </s> <s>ſi dum contrahit calorem, vnà denſeſceret. </s> <s>Hinc aliqui virib. ipſius caloris vniuerſum <lb></lb>id tribuunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec vllam aliam cauſſam exponunt præter vnum calorem: quaſi verò hæc ſit eius na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2983"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura. </s> <s>Verùm aduerſus hoc diſputat Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> obiiciens aliquot experientias, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> perſpicuè con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2984"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtat calorem non eſſe tractionis cauſſam, vt ſiquis ore attrahat. </s> <s>aërem, qui in fiſtula continetur, & a<lb></lb>qua ſit contigua: prætereà ſic per ſyringa trahitur vrina, ſilana, quę prius obturata fuerat, poſteà de<lb></lb>trahatur, ſunt & alia multa principia tractionis, vt tractio ferri quę fit à magnete. </s> <s>Verùm quae nos hîc <lb></lb>de cucurbitularum tractione ſpeciatim loquimur, in qua vis calidi manifeſta exiſtit; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſolum calo<lb></lb>rem hoc præſtare poſſe non arbitramur: nam ſiue tractio fiat ab vtero, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à cucurbitulis, aliqua <lb></lb>item conditio flagitatur: nempè humiditas. </s> <s>ſiquidem & vterus ſuaptè natura humidus eſt, cum eò <lb></lb>multa orificia pertineant, per quæ magna humorum copia confluit; vt, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan>, vbi locus ille irriguus <lb></lb>eſt, concipiendo non ſit; attamen & à purgatione munus illud optimè pręſtat, dum retinet adhuc ali<lb></lb>quid humoris. </s> <s>& cucurbitulæ per tantum temporis interuallum detinentur in aquis, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> dum hu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2985"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>morem ſatis inſigniter conceperint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõbiberint">combiberint</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde in hoc munere quod nunc veſtigamus, <lb></lb>plura ſpectanda cenſeo, cum propter efficiens, tum etiam propter materiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> equidem de effi<lb></lb>ciente ſic opinor, calorem in hoc officio primas obtinere: nec tamen ipſum ſimpliciter, ſed cum hu<lb></lb>more coniunctum: materiæ verò locum habere arbitror humorem. </s> <s>Conditiones <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> efficientis duas <lb></lb>eſſe dico; primam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> potiſsimam; vt maiorem trahendi facultatem habeat, quàm ſit motus natura<lb></lb>lis humidi corporis in ſuum locum: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> docuimus aquam non aſcendere ſuopte impulſu, cùm ſit <lb></lb>grauis, & audiuimus Ariſt. </s> <s>hæc eadem nos admonentem. </s> <s>hæc verò eſt affectio quędam, & violatio <lb></lb>naturę quam <expan abbr="cõicat">conicat</expan> aër aquæ cum qua continuatur, quae ipſe vel natiua ſua propenſione, vel raritate <lb></lb>& tenuitate facilius agitatus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſecum trahit illa <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cum <expan abbr="iūgitur">iungitur</expan>; à <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> cauſſa ſic <expan abbr="cõcitetur">concitetur</expan>, <lb></lb>nam quod propinquius eſt, per <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> efficientiæ <expan abbr="cõmouetur">commouetur</expan>; hoc ſequitur alterum corpus illi con<lb></lb>tinuum ex neceſsitate materiæ: quamobrem actio per humorem potius <expan abbr="cōicabitur">conicabitur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita tractio <lb></lb>fiet. </s> <s>Alteram verò conditionem ab Hippocrate <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> poſitam nouimus, vt ſi debeat fieri tractio, poſsit ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2986"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauitate trahentis aër, aut ſpiritus educi: nam ſicut in clepſydris aquæ tractio non fit, niſi <expan abbr="apertũ">apertum</expan> ſit <lb></lb>orificium ſuperius, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idem ſine hoc alibi natura molitur. </s> <s>hinc duas auriculas cordi tributas eſ<lb></lb>ſe teſtatur, vt altera humor attrahi poſsit, altera verò aër expelli: hanc item cauſſam, aut eiuſmodi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>valeat idem, in hypotheſi noſtra expectate oportet. </s> <s>nam quod ibi præſtat aër exhalando, hîc per den<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2987"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſitatem conficiet: ſatis hoc vnum ſit, quae adſit ceſsio loci. </s> <s>Porrò calor humore opus habet ad hoc offi<lb></lb>cium perfugiendum plures ob cauſſas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> humorem paſcitur, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> fecerit <expan abbr="excrementũ">excrementum</expan>, refrige<lb></lb>ratur, & exhauritur, quare exinanitur locus. </s> <s>adde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae frigida occurrente denſeſcit: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> quae actu <lb></lb>frigida ſit, verùm quae ſit <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poteſtate: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & aqua feruens propter eam vim cogit <expan abbr="plum-bũ">plum<lb></lb>bum</expan>. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà quoniam humor <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> humore natus aptus eſt continuari; ſicca verò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cum hu<lb></lb>midis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cum ſiccis continuari poſſunt, ita fit, vt aër, aut aqua trahantur, cùm humida ſint, <expan abbr="eadẽq́">eadenque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>non ſimpliciter grauia; ita vt facilè vinci poſsit deſcenſus eorum naturalis: terra non trahatur, quia <lb></lb>ſimpliciter grauis, vnde trahenti reſiſtit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> patitur ab humore, cuius vis admodum valida non eſt, <lb></lb>attolli, tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia ſicca, nec <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> cum humore conglutinari. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> Albertus Saxon huic experien<lb></lb>tiæ renitatur obiiciens puluerem & terram, quæ ſpiritu per fiſtulas educi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fallacia ſe <lb></lb>intricauit quæ eſt ab eo quod ineſt <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> quid, ad id quod ineſt ſimpliciter. </s> <s>nam tribuit terræ ſimpli<lb></lb>citer id quod illi conuenit ſolùm <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>exilitatem partium quæ eminent in humidis, & facilè illorum <lb></lb>motum conſequuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>credo partium illarum motum ſine motu aëris qui inter partes illas <lb></lb>minimas intercipitur, poſſe præſtari; ab his verò terræ partes attolluntur, & cum iis ſe patiuntur ef<lb></lb>ferri. </s> <s>Ergo humidum per ſe tali motui cedit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ad vacuum refertur hic motus, aut eius odium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2988"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod capit naturam: generalis hæc erit cauſſa in omni tractione in qua medij motus exiſtit, hoc eſt <lb></lb>nulla qualitate incuſſa rei quæ mouetur: nam cæteroquin alteratio quædam, & affectio intercedit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et id ab Alexandro, loco citato Problematum, ſatis apertè defenſum fuit. </s> <s>docet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ignem admiſſum <lb></lb>fundere contentum humorem, tenuare, & euacuare, qui vbi extinctus eſt, facit, vt tantum ſanguinis <lb></lb>attrahatur, quantum loci ipſe occupat, ne ſit inane, à quo natura penitus abhorret. </s> <s>ſi igitur inanis ex<lb></lb>pulſio eſt conſeruatio continuitatis: eo planè modo ſe res habebit, quem nos anteà ſignificauimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita reſpondere poſſumus ad Auerroem & Themiſtium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad hunc primò, qui aërem ſic à frigido <lb></lb>occurrente conſtringi poſſe negabat: quandoquidem non adſtringitur <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>, ſed diſsipatur & exhau<lb></lb>ritur humor à calore. </s> <s>Deinde ad eundem qui obiiceret, non poſſe humorem trahi ſimul ab igni, & <lb></lb>hunc viciſsim repelli: quia putat hic pulſionem hanc præſtari ſine vlla alteratione, vt ſi ego hoſtem <lb></lb>conto vrgerem, & de loco depellerem: ſed pulſio noſtra fit à vi frigoris, non ſanè per lationem, ſed p <lb></lb>affectionem: & tractioni naturam præcedit. </s> <s>nec inde <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ſequitur abſurdi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat quae non mo<lb></lb>do frigida, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tepida trahatur, quae vt antea diximus, non minus valet ad hoc interdum habitus <lb></lb>quem ſeruat, tametſi concalefacta, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> actus. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> tepidæ crebrior eſt vſus in illo officio, ni fallor, quae <pb pagenum="489"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2989"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>facilius trahitur, cùm aliquod leuitatis à calore <expan abbr="cõtraxerit">contraxerit</expan>. </s> <s>Carnes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & ſuaptè natura molles (mol<lb></lb>lities verò copiam quandam arguit humoris) <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>humefactæ & irrigatæ & <expan abbr="ſanguinẽ">ſanguinem</expan> continen<lb></lb>tes trahuntur: quæ item, quae primas ferat in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> conſtitutione terra, à vi refi igerandi propter <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> <lb></lb>non abhorrent. </s> <s>Ac ſi ita eſt, vti diximus, cauſſam facilè quiſpiam reddet experientiæ tonſorum qui, <lb></lb>cum in vaſculis, quorum anguſtiſsima ſint orificia, ſeruent aquas odoratas, vt parcius effluat, dum <lb></lb>irrorant eos, qui lautum acceſſerunt: ſiquando velint eas implere, prius hauriunt aërem inſpirando. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi verò exinanire, inſufflant aërem. </s> <s>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aëris quod in vaſe continebatur, & per aliud orificium exha<lb></lb>labat apud Hippocratem, apud Peripateticos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, aut in minorem molem contrahebatur, aut confi<lb></lb>ciebatur à calore, à tonſore extrahitur, & quod reliquum eſt maiorem accipit molem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſuæ naturæ <lb></lb>conueniat. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> rediens in ſtatum naturalem, in ſpatium illud, quod ſupereſt, attrahit corpus humi<lb></lb>dum quod attingit, ex quo vas impletur. </s> <s>ideò protinus in aquam mergitur, ne vicinior aër irrepat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex aduerſo inſufflat tonſor exinaniturus. </s> <s>quae per vim ſpiritum in vas inſerens & inculcans, cum aqua <lb></lb>miſcet & conglutinat. </s> <s>Cùm igitur loco ſtare neſciat aër, erumpit foras, & aquam vnà ſecum educit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnde etiam non videtur hoc genus vaſis ad ſummum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> poſſe repleri, quae aër aſsiduè non ſuppetat <lb></lb>ad exhauriendum, & opplendum reliquum ſpatium, quin aqua ſubſequatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> tum potius exi<lb></lb>nanietur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> replebitur. </s> <s>Sic etiam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſi plenum fuerit, inflando exinaniri poterit. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>aqua inclu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2990"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſa locum aëri cedere valebit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2974"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge<lb></lb>ner. </s> <s>ani. </s> <s>c.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2975"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2976"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>fulig. </s> <s>reſi<lb></lb>nę.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2977"></margin.target>c Gal. 4. de <lb></lb>vſu part.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2978"></margin.target>d 2. Probl. <lb></lb>98.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2979"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2980"></margin.target>e Ar. 7. de <lb></lb>hiſt. anim. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2981"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2982"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2983"></margin.target>a Chriſto<lb></lb>phorus <lb></lb>Mare.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2984"></margin.target>b Probl. <lb></lb>60.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2985"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2986"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>natura pueri.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2987"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2988"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2989"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2990"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm tractio ſerpentis à ceruo inanis auxilio ministretur, nec'ne. </s> <s>Caput XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM nos eò progreſsi ſumus, vt de tractione quæ fit ab inani, verba faceremus; ali<lb></lb>quid <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de tractione ſerpentis quæ fit à ceruo, dicere conſtituimus. </s> <s>Et quamuis conſilium <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> <lb></lb>in hoc volumine non ſit de omni tractionis genere, <expan abbr="cauſsisq́">cauſsisque</expan>. </s> <s>diſputare, ſed multa de tractu ferri qui <lb></lb>fit à magnete, <expan abbr="paleæq́">paleæque</expan>. </s> <s>à ſuccino, & alimenti à membris, aut in explicatione conſenſus diſſenſusúe re<lb></lb>rum in problem. </s> <s>aut ſuis etiam locis in hoc eodem volumine ſcripſerimus: cùm habeat etiam hoc <lb></lb>problema philoſophiam, & à philoſophis ac medicis nonmodò acceptum, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tractatum ſit <lb></lb>copioſius, & initia motus illius attingat, qui præſtatur ab inani: non ab re noſtra fore putauimus; ſi <lb></lb>hîc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tantiſper immoratemur, exiſtimantes item, vt <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ędificatores & coci elegantes; illi <lb></lb>quidem politis rudia permiſcentes: hi verò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> acria dulcib. interpellant, ne frequens vſus rerum cæte<lb></lb>roqui ſuauiſsimarum, faſtidium afferat; ſic nos, ſiquando ad poëtas, aut hiſtoricos laberemur, aſsi<lb></lb>dua illa philoſophi grauitate diſtincta reb. hiſce leuiorib. animorum laſsitudini quoquomodo oc<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2991"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>curreremus. </s> <s>Hiſtorici meminerunt, vbi ſerpentes in cauernas ſeſe hyeme abdidere, quæri à ceruis, ſi<lb></lb>ue propter cibi ſuauitatem, ſeu medelæ gratia incertum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> deuorat ſerpentem ceruus, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> <lb></lb>ſponte facit, quippe quae ſe præmuniat elaphoboſco. </s> <s>valet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad ſerpentium <expan abbr="omniumq́">omniumque</expan>. </s> <s>aculeatorum <lb></lb>ictus, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>omnib. perſpicuum eſt. </s> <s>ſed nonnulli eſu viperarum ſecundùm naturam .i. </s> <s>per menſes fœ<lb></lb>minas purgari teſtantur. </s> <s>Alioqui eo remedio <expan abbr="ſcribũt">ſcribunt</expan> oculorum caliginem amoliri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> deſunt, qui <lb></lb>fateantur vermem in ventre cerui oriri, qui ad fauces eis ruminantib. aſcendat, & ibi hæreat, <expan abbr="ceruũq́">ceruunque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita affectum loco non manere, donec ſerpens remedio ſit. </s> <s>Narrant <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quidam ſcriptores ceruos tum <lb></lb>ſerpentes aggredi, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſentiunt ſe grauari ſenectute. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> & vſum eius medicamenti ſic reperi apud <lb></lb>aliquos auctores. </s> <s>Nam ſenes excreſcentib. pilis & cornib. ſerpentem narib. hauriunt (ex quo non in <lb></lb>cibum <expan abbr="aſſumũtur">aſſumuntur</expan>) mox æſtuant veneno, ſubinde ad fontem properant, quo poto pilos & cornua de<lb></lb>ponunt. </s> <s>quanuis Albertus hanc cauſſam non approbarit, quia non tantùm ſenib. hoc, ſed alijs quo<lb></lb>que tribuatur. </s> <s>Cenſent nobiliſsimi auctores ſecundùm naturam ceruos ita purgari, quod item mihi <lb></lb>magis arridet; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quia fœminæ per menſes, ſed <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſexus cerui toto corpore per cutis poros qua<lb></lb>dam renouatione purgentur, qualis & elephantiacis quibuſdam eodem remedio vſis <expan abbr="cõtigit">contigit</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cure ipſa ſpoliatur ſerpens, ſigno id, vt habeat vim cuti aduerſam. </s> <s>experti nos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſumus in agrico<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2992"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>la noſtro ſerpentis afflatum depilaſſe, ac cutem abſtuliſſe, & demum perduxiſſe poſt aliquot menſes <lb></lb>ad interitum. </s> <s>Quicquid ex his ſit, omnes vno ore fatentur ceruum ad ſeſe trahere ſerpentes. </s> <s>addunt <lb></lb>item ſpiritu ſuo, quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de elephanto ad eoſdem ſerpentes autumant. </s> <s><expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo vulpem ſcri<lb></lb>bunt ad ſeſe trahere mures. </s> <s>idcirco <foreign lang="grc">ἐλάφους</foreign> Græcè dictos, quaſi <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑλεῖν τοὺς ὄφεις</foreign> .i. </s> <s>à trahendo <lb></lb>ſerpentes. </s> <s>Sed quæ'nam tractionis huiuſce potiſsima cauſſa ſit, litigant inter ſe ſcriptores. </s> <s>prætereà <lb></lb>de modo, quo trahunt ipſos, ſit'ne illa expiratio, an inſpiratio. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per naturæ conſenſum, an ob <lb></lb>vacui vim, de qua ſupra dictum eſt. </s> <s>Etenim Aelianus id euenire putabat, quae tanquam philtro ceruus <lb></lb>ſpiritu ſerpentem trahat. </s> <s>philtra verò ſunt amatoria quædam medicamenta, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> inter ſe amantes <lb></lb>alliciunt & mulcent. </s> <s>quaſi cum ex ore <expan abbr="naribusq́">naribusque</expan>. </s> <s>cerui ſpiritus quidam efflaretur, qui ſerpenti vel <lb></lb>tepore ipſo (tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conditi in cauernis aëris ambientis frigus declinant) ſiue odoris ſuauitate com<lb></lb>moti, in os cerui inſultent: id quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> auctoritate Plinij confirmare licebit, qui litterarum monumen<lb></lb>tis commendarit, eius ſummum guttur vſtum congregare ſerpentes. </s> <s>Erit igitur cauſſa motus huiu<lb></lb>ſce naturæ cognatio. </s> <s>Contra hos inuehuntur huiuſmodi argumentis. </s> <s>Cum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoſtis ſerpentis ſit, alio<lb></lb>rum & ipſius Aeliani <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> teſtimonio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit inter eos naturæ cognatio; ſed potius mira diſſenſio. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> dicere poſſes alias quidem partes inimicas eſſe ſerpentibus, amicum verò ſpiritum. </s> <s>Quando <pb pagenum="409"></pb>quidem Plinius aſſerit animam cerui vrere ſerpentes. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> alij de hoc motu in ſuis <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2993"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentarijs hæc reliquerunt. </s> <s>non quidem ab aliqua ſuauitate, ſeu temporis, ſiue odoris id proficiſci: <lb></lb>verùm ex neceſsitate vacui motum illum conſequi. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non expirando, vt voluit Aelianus; ſed in<lb></lb>ſpirando miniſtrari. </s> <s>qui item de ariete bellua marina ſcribens tanto virium robore <expan abbr="præditã">præditam</expan> eſſe pu<lb></lb>tat, vt ſpiritum vehementem & <expan abbr="permultũ">permultum</expan> anhelet & immenſum aëra ad ſeſe inſpirando trahat, qua <lb></lb>vi marinos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vitulos comprehendat, hac <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vituli vicinum nouerunt arietem, in terram <lb></lb>celerrimè enatantes, in ſpecus ſaxorum conduntur: is cognita fuga inſequitur, & aduerſus antrum <lb></lb>ſtans, narium aëri quadam illecebra, inter ſe & vitulos aërem intermedium artrahit. </s> <s>Quapropter hi <lb></lb>tanquam ſpiculum, vel ſagittam ſpirationis illius appulſum declinant. </s> <s>tandem violentiſsimo anhe<lb></lb>litus ductu inuiti, & tanquam loris quibuſdam conſtricti ex latebra extrahuntur, & ab ariete deuo<lb></lb>rantur. </s> <s>Quod item approbaſſe videtur Oribaſius: vbi docet, qua ratione matrix ſemen attrahat <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <lb></lb>ad fundum, & exemplo hoc monſtrat matricem ſic exugere ſemen, vt ceruus ſerpentem. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita opi<lb></lb>nari veriſimile eſt Oribaſium <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eam tractionem fieri à matrice, ſicut de cucurbitula dictum eſt: quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2994"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nullum foret officium ſimilitudinis à ceruo deſumptę, nec quiquam nobis aperiret, quod explica<lb></lb>tor ille exoptaret. </s> <s>reſtat igitur, vt ſit tractio, quæ interceſsione vacui præſtatur. </s> <s>Ita fit inſpirando. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idẽ">Idem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſenſiſſe opinabimur Xenophontem, cuius hæc verba ſunt <foreign lang="grc">ἔλαφος ἀνιμωμένη καὶ ἐφελκομένη </foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2995"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>(ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> approbo lectionem Geſneri non autem <foreign lang="grc">ἐφηλκωμένη</foreign>, vt legit Lacuna) <foreign lang="grc">τῷ πνεύματισκοτοῖ <lb></lb>τὸν ὄφιν καὶ καθέλκει ἐφ' ἑαυτὴν</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>exhauriens & trahens (vt ſint participia media, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> autem ſub figu<lb></lb>ra patiendi, exhauſta & exulcerata, vt Lacuna) ſpiritu <expan abbr="vertiginẽ">vertiginem</expan> ceruo inducit & trahit ad ſeipſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò mihi ridiculum prorſus videtur id quod motu ſimplici non agitur, ſed organici, vi & neceſ<lb></lb>ſitate vacui moueret. </s> <s>nam motus, non niſi per medium fieri poteſt, aut aërem, aut aquam, & omni<lb></lb>no per humidi corpora quæ continua ſunt. </s> <s>fac igitur eſſe corpus vniuſmodi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in eas partes diſcre<lb></lb>tum quarum ſingulæ proprios habeant motus; cùm idem ſit motus totius & partium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnifor<lb></lb>mis motus, & ſit per continuationem corporum conſequentium, vt ſupra diximus. </s> <s>certè ex <expan abbr="cõtinui-tate">continui<lb></lb>tate</expan> hac motum conſequi oportebit. </s> <s>Sed pone corpus difforme & organicum in quo motus totius <lb></lb>ſit alius à motu partium: quia requiritur in eo motu medium, per quod fiat, nec partes eodem ver<lb></lb>ſus aguntur quo totum, interrupta <expan abbr="cõtinuatione">continuatione</expan> motus, nulla vis erit vacui. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, cùm ibi ſit aër, <lb></lb>aliter non poſſet fieri motus: in partis locum aër ſubingredietur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ipſe trahetur inſpirando, non <lb></lb>anguis. </s> <s>Adde quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> didicimus terram & arida corpora non inſeruire vacuo, ſed humida duntaxat, vt <lb></lb>conſtat 4. de cælo. </s> <s>Ridiculum igitur trahi ſerpentes à ceruo inanis interuentu. </s> <s>Neque mouemur ab <lb></lb>eiuſmodi virorum auctoritatibus, qui longè alio pacto cum Ariſt. </s> <s>decreuimus humores à membris <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2996"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>atrahi, & in eum ſenſum accipiamus eorum verba, ſiquo pacto defendi poſsint, vt tractionem gene<lb></lb>raliore quodam modo ſumant, pro motu .ſ. </s> <s>rei mobilis ad mouens ipſum, <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> id ratione con<lb></lb>tingat. </s> <s>Quæ cauſſa igitur erit huiuſce tractionis? </s> <s>Ego ſimpliciter tractionem eſſe negauerim. </s> <s>& cauſ<lb></lb>ſam naturalem ſecum afferre opinor. </s> <s>nam ſiue exhauſta cerua & vlcerata remedium quærens: ſiue, <lb></lb>vt rectius puto: <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſine vlcere: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>alij ſcriptores id affirmant, cùm hyeme multum ſpiritus emit<lb></lb>tat, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem calidior ſit, vt hyeme accidit, dum in cauernis eſcam pro remedio quærit, conſopi<lb></lb>tum ſerpentem expergefaciat & nimio calore (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſerpens animal exangue) adde etiam ictum, & <lb></lb>quod magis placet, ex expergefactione moleſtiam captam, quia maximè illius naturæ aduerſatur, ip<lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> naturalis eſt, & conueniens ea tempeſtate ſomnus, agatur ſerpens in fugam primùm, cùm ſit ani<lb></lb>mal timidum, tum deinde ad vlciſcendas iniurias excitetur. </s> <s>nam quia non <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> in latebra, quo ſe tutò <lb></lb>recipiat, omni ſpe abiecta, foras exit verſus ad ceruum. </s> <s>Quamobrem expiratio facit hunc <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, non <lb></lb>inſpiratio, & velut inimica, non amica. </s> <s><expan abbr="Noſtramq́">Noſtramque</expan>. </s> <s>hanc <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> confirmant dicta virorum ſapientiſ<lb></lb>ſimorum, & qui eorum naturam diligenter explorarunt. </s> <s>Oppianus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inimica eſſe hæc animalia te<lb></lb>ſtatur, <expan abbr="eorumq.">eorumque</expan> pugnam elegantiſsimè deſcribit, & de furijs ſerpentis à ceruo agitatæ multa narrat, <lb></lb>quib. facilè perſuadeamur & hoſtes eſſe, & vltionis ergo ſerpentem in cerui oculos inuolare. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>ille cibum quærit, hic cruciatum declinat: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi per ceruum ipſi liceat, ſeſe immergendo in flu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2997"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>men eripit. </s> <s>Adeſt & Nicandri teſtimonium, qui cauere iubet à ſerpente, quæ cerui ſpiritum <expan abbr="vitãs">vitans</expan> ef<lb></lb>fugit à cauernis: quia <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> magis tum veneno polleat. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtũtur">vtuntur</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> belluę iſtæ peſtiferæ veneno, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>iaculo ad propulſandas iniurias. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nititur effugere ſpiritum cerui per expirationem igitur, velut <lb></lb>inimica. </s> <s>carmina Nicandri hæc ſunt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> etiam tractionis cauſſam expirationi adſcribit, & noxiæ <lb></lb>quæ naſcitur ex ſpiritu cerui.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2991"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2992"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2993"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2994"></margin.target>a 1. Aph. <lb></lb></s> <s>29.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2995"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2996"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2997"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἔξοχα γάρ δολιχο̂σι κινοπισταῖς κοτέουσι <lb></lb> Νέροτόκα καὶ ζόρκες ἀνιχυεύουσῖ δὲ πὰντα<lb></lb> Τροχμαλά θ' αἱμασιας τε καὶ εἰλυοὺς ἐρέοντεσ<lb></lb> Σμερδαλέοι μυκτῆρες ἀπὸ σπέρχοντες αὐτμῆ</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Eadem iracundia non ſemel à Virgilio deſcripta eſt, vt appetitum vltionis cauſſam motus ipſe <lb></lb>cognoſcas: non gratiæ conciliationem, aut vacuum, vt ſuperiores illi crediderunt; nanque alicu<lb></lb>bi canit.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Improuiſum aſpris veluti qui ſentibus anguem</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Preſsit humi nitens, <expan abbr="trepidusq́ue">trepidusque</expan> repente refugis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <pb pagenum="491"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg2998"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2998"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Attollentem iras, & cerula colla tumentem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>& alibi</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Vtq́ue">Vtque</expan> volans altè raptum cum fulua draconem</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Fert aquila, <expan abbr="implicuitq́ae">implicuitqae</expan> pedes, atque vnguibus hęſit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Saucius & ſerpens ſinuoſa volumina verſat</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Arrectiſque horret ſquamis, & ſibilat ore. </s> <s>Arduus inſurgens -<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́">Idemque</expan>. </s> <s>iudicium de tractu vitulorum marinorum ab ariete faciendum puto. </s> <s>Sed quid dubita<lb></lb>mus, cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ea fuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>expreſſa ſententia 3. Nicom. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cum docet ex dolore feras inſurgere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg2999"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi in ſylua fuerit aper, aut in palude, non aggreditur. </s> <s>Et quod obiicitur ex Plin. </s> <s>ſummum guttur exu<lb></lb>ſtum cerui congregare ſerpentes; vix ego dabo, qui nouerim ſuffitu, non congregari, ſed fugari inſe<lb></lb>cta: prætereà cùm exuſtum ſit, grauiorem refert odorem, quam referat viuens. </s> <s>Aut ita vim amuleti <lb></lb>illius accipiam non congregari ſuffitum verſus: ſed ſiquis locum eo ſuffitu circundet, ſerpentes in <lb></lb>vnum cogi vt in medium, vnde longè abſint à ſuffitu. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>magis cum Ariſtotelica experientia con<lb></lb>ſonabit, & eiuſdem teſtimonio confirmari poterit qui 4. de hiſt. c. 8. ſcripſit. </s> <s>Cornu ceruini facto in<lb></lb>cenſu plurimam inſectorum partem fugere, ſed præcipuè ſtyracis ſuffitu. </s> <s>Proptereà non <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τοῦ <lb></lb>ἑλκειν τοὺς ὄφεις</foreign>. </s> <s>vt illi dicebant. </s> <s>ſed <foreign lang="grc">ὰπὸ τοῦ ἐλαύνειν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>pellendo deductum eſſe cerui nomen aſſe<lb></lb>uerabimus. </s> <s>Nunc ad grauiora redeamus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3000"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2999"></margin.target>a c. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3000"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De cauſſis adiuuantibus grauitatem, & leuitatem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SVNT & cauſſæ grauitatis, aut leuitatis per ſe: huiuſmodi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſunt naturæ elementorum, quæ <lb></lb>quattuor modis variatæ efficiunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quattuor ſimplicia corpora, & quattuor item affectiones, ſiue <lb></lb>habilitates ad motum quæ per grauitatem, & leuitatem menti noſtræ ſubiiciuntur: nam grauia <expan abbr="leuia-q́ue">leuia<lb></lb>que</expan> ſunt corpora ſimplicia, & ſingula ex his, vel abſolutè, vel aliqua ex parte. </s> <s>ſed & multæ ſunt aliæ <lb></lb>cauſſæ comites propter quas hęc enatant; illa merguntur. </s> <s>Principem verò locum inter ipſas corpo<lb></lb>ris figura ſibi vendicauit: illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ latiora ſunt, per aërem difficilius cadunt, <expan abbr="ęgriusq́">ęgriusque</expan>. </s> <s>merguntur in <lb></lb>aquis, & ſi terræ plurimum habent, veluti ferrum. </s> <s>Quo factum fuerit, vt Plato mobilitatem & immo<lb></lb>bilitatem primorum corporum ſignificaturus ſingulis certum figuræ genus attribuerit, quod ad illa <lb></lb>officia accommodatum maxime videretur, igni .ſ. </s> <s>ob vim maximam penetrandi pyramide, quam <lb></lb>vocat tetrahedron aëri, verò per octahedron: nam ſicut igni proximus eſt aër & eadem præditus pro<lb></lb>pè facultate; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> figura octahedros eſt valde affinis; pyramidis: è duob. </s> <s>n. pyramidibus ſiue tetrahe<lb></lb>dris conſtat; aquæ icoſahedron, quae habens angulos <expan abbr="frequẽtiores">frequentiores</expan>, parum <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan>, vnde conſiſtat; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3001"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bilis eſt, terræ cubum ſignum ſtabilitatis & immobilitaris: nulla <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> figura eſt ineptior motui: cęlo fi<lb></lb>guram globoſam; quia cùm perpetuò voluendum fuerat, non debuit angulos habere <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> impinge<lb></lb>ret, quod tamen voluit Plato eſſe dodecahedron, quia 12. æqualib. ſuperficieb. </s> <s>hoc eſt 12. ſignis <expan abbr="cõ-tineretur">con<lb></lb>tineretur</expan>. </s> <s>Secundum ab hoc locum obtinent corpora minutiſsima, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> guttæ quæ ab aë<lb></lb>re ſuſtinentur. </s> <s>& puluiuſculi, qui ſupereminent aquas. </s> <s>Tertio quædam terrena, vt lignum & la'na. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſtremò craſſa, vt oleum; ac ſi oleum tibi ſuſpectum ſit, quae ipſum maiore ex parte <expan abbr="aëreũ">aëreum</expan> putes: qua<lb></lb>propter in imo aëre & ſumma aqua locus ſit ei conueniens, vt ſuprà dictum eſt: en aquam marinam <lb></lb>quæ ſine dubitatione craſsior & ponderoſior in ſummo eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in fundo: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in ſummo longè ama<lb></lb>rior eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in imo. </s> <s>quae ſi à copia terrę naſcitur amaror; ergo terrena eſt aqua maris in ſuperficie: & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>enatat. </s> <s>Ac primi quidem cauſſas explicat Ariſt. </s> <s>hæ verò reſoluuntur in duo principia patiens & effi<lb></lb>ciens; patiens autem eſt corpus continuum, quod diuiditur ab eo quod per ipſum fertur; illud <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>humidum eſſe oportet; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic facilè ab alio terminos accipit: prout igitur magis minusúe diuiduum <lb></lb>fuerit: ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> magis minusúe aditum præbet corporib. quę feruntur: ita per aërem citius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> per <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> <lb></lb>aliquid fertur; proptereà quae aqua minus humida eſt, & terminatur difficilius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aër, quo plus fuerit, <lb></lb>aut minus, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> facilius, aut ęgrius ſe diuidi patitur. </s> <s>Proptereà, quae in Priſtonio iuxta <expan abbr="Abderã">Abderam</expan> ſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3002"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gno cuncta natantia demergantur; aquæ tenuitati libentiſsimè tribuam; ſicut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quae naties onerariæ <lb></lb>mergantur facilius in aquis dulcib. <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in marinis; & quo profundiores aquę ſint; in eis facilius <expan abbr="enatã-tia">enatan<lb></lb>tia</expan> ſuſtineantur. </s> <s>Et quae echeneis remoretur nauim; cauſſam ſuperiori contrariam eſſe fatebimur: & <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>gignitur in alga piſciculus ille, quam ſi nauis currens offenderit, iure optimo remoratur. </s> <s>Mitto cętera <lb></lb>quæ de illa ſuperſtitiosè ſcribuntur. </s> <s>Efficiens verò eſt corpus ipſum mobile; hoc autem, ſi fuerit acu<lb></lb>tum, facilè penetrat pauciorib. medij partibus occurrens, quae ſi planum; multas partes occupat, quæ <lb></lb>præ multitudine reſiſtunt efficacius: id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & in natura verum eſt, quod vulgò dici ſolet. </s> <s>Ne Hercules <lb></lb>quidem contra duos. </s> <s>& ita, quaſi, quemadmodum dicebat Anaximander, mobile propter latitudi<lb></lb>nem multas medij partes comprehendens: eas ſuperare non poteſt: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aëris ipſius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omni<lb></lb>no humidorum partes <foreign lang="grc">ἀυτιτυπίαν</foreign> quandam. </s> <s>vbi coguntur: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem, cum facile diuidi poſ<lb></lb>ſint, animalib. progredientib. decedunt, & ſibilis materiam præſtant, vt coactę reſiliunt, ſicuti fit in <lb></lb>terræ motib. & in follib. tendentes ad ſuperficiem, & quærentes ſpatium, ſeu dimenſionem ſibi con<lb></lb>uenientem & naturalem. </s> <s>Hinc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa reddi ſolet, cur delphin & gladius omnium natantium <lb></lb>perniciſsima ſint; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem, vt malos nauium tranſiliat: nam præter appetitum reſpirandi, <lb></lb>qui prohibetur in aquis, & multitudinem ſpirituum, <expan abbr="firmitatemq́">firmitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>inſtrumentorum, quibus robur <pb pagenum="492"></pb>augetur; accedit agilitas ex figura; eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> beneficio ſine vllo labore ſecant aquas: hoc ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3003"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſentiunt animalia bruta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> animaduerſum eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>grues, cùm, loca calidiora <expan abbr="potẽtes">potentes</expan>, ma<lb></lb>re tranſmittunt, trianguli <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> efficere; eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſummo angulo aërem ab iis aduerſum pelli, dein<lb></lb>de ſenſim ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> latere, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> remis, ita pennis <expan abbr="auiũ">auium</expan> curſum lenati; baſin verò trianguli, quam <lb></lb>grues efficiunt; <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> puppim à tergo adiuuari, <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>in tergo <expan abbr="pręuolantiũ">pręuolantium</expan> capita & colla reponere; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ducẽ">ducem</expan> verò, cùm defeſſus eſt, quia non habet vbi nitatur; ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reuolate, vt quieſcat; huic <expan abbr="al-terã">al<lb></lb>teram</expan> ſuccedere, quæ acquieuerit, & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="viciſsitudinẽ">viciſsitudinem</expan> in vniuerſo curſu teneri. </s> <s>Docebat item Philoſo<lb></lb>phus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auibus rapacibus & vncunguibus quibus propter vſum vitæ volandi pernicitas vtilis eſt, da<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3004"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum fuiſſe <expan abbr="paruũ">paruum</expan> caput, <expan abbr="collũ">collum</expan> craſſum ſic legitur vulgò <foreign lang="grc">καχὺ</foreign>, ſed apparet potius <foreign lang="grc">οὐπαχὺ</foreign>. </s> <s>illud cer<lb></lb>tè eſt <foreign lang="grc">βραχὺ</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt breue; pectus cùm validum tum <expan abbr="acutũ">acutum</expan>, & <expan abbr="acutũ">acutum</expan> quidem vt bene <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> paret quaſi <lb></lb>lembi proram. </s> <s>contrà quorum tergus lene & in <expan abbr="anguſtũ">anguſtum</expan> coiens, priores partes conſequi <expan abbr="nequeũt">nequeunt</expan>, <lb></lb>quae latitudine aërem non trahant. </s> <s>Secundi verò cauſſam eandem eſſe credendum eſt. </s> <s>ſed quod <expan abbr="plũ-bum">plun<lb></lb>bum</expan>, de quo nuper egimus, latitudine præſtabat; id efficiunt paruitate puluiſculi: tam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> exiguum <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> pondus, vt inſenſiliter <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> premant, nec in ea mergantur, quia ſecare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsint. </s> <s>Non me <lb></lb>latet & hanc cauſſam generatim afferri ſolere præſertim à mathematicis, præter vim diuidendi, de <lb></lb>qua ſuprà; collationem nimirùm <expan abbr="duarũ">duarum</expan> grauitatum, rei .ſ. </s> <s>quæ mergitur, & aquæ in qua mergitur: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3005"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nam quo grauior aqua eſt; eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> deorſum, inquiunt, vergit magis; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiens id quod mer<lb></lb>gitur; ipſum in ſuperficie ſuſtentat. </s> <s>Hinc in Sicilia lacus eſſe feruntur, qui imperitos nandi ferant; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſam Seneca reddebat; cur eſſet in Sina ſtagnum, in quo lateres enatarent, & mer<lb></lb>gi proiecti non poſſent: nam <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> vis expendatur, & contra <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ſtatuatur; aiebat ipſe, dum<lb></lb>modò <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> par ſit onus; ſi aqua grauior ſit; leuiorem rem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſa eſt, feret; & quantò ipſa leuior <lb></lb>erit; tanto ſuprà ſe extollet; grauiora deſcendent. </s> <s>At ſi aquæ & eius rei quæ contrà penſabitur, par <lb></lb>erit pondus; nec peſſum ibit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> extabit, ſed æquabitur aquæ: natabit ſanè, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem penè <lb></lb>merſa; <expan abbr="nullaq́">nullaque</expan>. </s> <s>partium eminebit. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt quædam ligna ſupra aquam penè tota effe<lb></lb>rantur; ad medium <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ſubmerſa nonnulla ſint, alia in eadem linea natent; aliqua deſcendant, & <lb></lb>ouum in aqua dulci tendit ad imum, in mari natat, ſed mergitur <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, eminet in muria. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> par <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> pondus, <expan abbr="neutraq.">neutraque</expan> res alteri cedat, tandem lineam obtinent; hoc eſt æquo ſpatio diſtant à <lb></lb>centro: grauiora deſcendunt: leuiora natant. </s> <s>Graue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & leue hîc ſumendum eſſe monet, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> qui<lb></lb>dem æſtimatione noſtra, ſed eius collatione, quo vehi debet. </s> <s>Idcirco vbi aqua grauior eſt; homi<lb></lb>nis corpus, aut ſaxi prohibetur in ea mergi, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vincitur ab ipſis. </s> <s>ita vt, ne lapides ipſi quidem, <lb></lb>quanuis ſolidi ſint; imum petant: nam cęteroqui pumicoſi multi ſunt, qui etiam enatant in aquis, <lb></lb>è quibus item aſſeuerat Theophraſtus inſulas quaſdam in India conſtare, quæ natent. </s> <s>Hęc ex Ar<lb></lb>chimede accepta.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3006"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3001"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3002"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3003"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3004"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>inceſ. an. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3005"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3006"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Generalia quædam problemata de his quę vehuntur in aquis, ex Archimede diſſol<lb></lb>uuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM LIBET hic paulliſper immorari & cauſſas à doctiſsimis viris allatas diligentius explo<lb></lb>rare. </s> <s>Nam quærit Archimedes <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quoad <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> corpora, quæ in hac mundi plaga verſantur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3007"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in quibus paſsim elementa inferiora, & potiſsimè terra dominatur, in aquis aut enatate, aut mergi <lb></lb>ſoleant. </s> <s><expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>ad <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> relata, vel eo leuiora, vel grauiora ſint, vel æquè grauia; de ſingulis diſ<lb></lb>ſerit; necnon <expan abbr="oſtẽdit">oſtendit</expan> quo impetu emergant, aut etiam contrà præcipitentur in aquis. </s> <s>At verò nos <lb></lb>de celeritate deſcenſus eorum in aquis nonnulla <expan abbr="cõmemorauimus">commemorauimus</expan>: reliqua nunc breuiter expedia<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Poſtulat verò inſtituta diſceptatio, vt explicemus tibi quo pacto grauitatum ſpecies diſcer<lb></lb>nantur. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr="aūt">aut</expan> redire oportet in <expan abbr="memoriã">memoriam</expan> aliud eſſe grauitatum ſpecies à differentiis ponde<lb></lb>rum; quippe quae pondera ſequantur materiæ <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan>, & extent in corporibus, dum alieno in lo<lb></lb>co detinentur; grauitas afferat propenſionem, & monſtret quantum <expan abbr="quicq́">quicque</expan>. </s> <s>formæ <expan abbr="conſecutũ">conſecutum</expan> fuerit; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3008"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex quo certos terminos in eo interuallo quod à centro <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> ad cęlum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> porrigitur, adeptum in <lb></lb>ſuo loco conquieſcit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> pondus C. <expan abbr="talentorũ">talentorum</expan> ligni maius eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſelibræ plumbi; huius verò gra<lb></lb>uitas maior, quae lignum in aquæ ſuperficie requieſcit; mergitur plumbum: illud eſt quanti; hoc <expan abbr="ſpe-ciẽ">ſpe<lb></lb>ciem</expan> qualitatis præſegerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non accipimus hîc pondera & cum humidi pondere <expan abbr="cõparamus">comparamus</expan>, ſed <lb></lb>grauitates. </s> <s>Vt verò diſcernantur, ita faciemus: conferemus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de corporibus æquas magnitudines, <lb></lb>quæ ſi fuerint ponderis æqualis; æquè item graues eſſe iudicabimus; quę vincet, eam <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> <expan abbr="grauio-rẽ">grauio<lb></lb>rem</expan> eſſe cenſebimus, ideò ſi <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> ligni, aquæ, & plumbi capiamus; plumbi pondus erit <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan>, <lb></lb>minimum ligni: proptereà lignum in aqueis enatabit, plumbum demergetur. </s> <s>Idcirco aqua <expan abbr="plũbo">plumbo</expan> <lb></lb>leuior exiſtimabitur, ligno verò grauior; & è contrario, ſi <expan abbr="duarũ">duarum</expan> <expan abbr="magnitudinũ">magnitudinum</expan> diuerſi generis, <expan abbr="eiuſ-demq́">eiuſ<lb></lb>demque</expan>. </s> <s>ponderis illa erit maior quæ ſpecie leuior; vt ſi annuli duo, quorum vnus ſit aureus; alter ve<lb></lb>rò argenteus, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> pondus habuerint; argenteus, quia ſpecie leuior; erit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> maior. </s> <s>Sic Archimedes <lb></lb>aurificis <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> deprehendit, de qua alio loco dictum eſt. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis. </s> <s>Proponatur ſolida ma<lb></lb>gnitudo, quæ ſit <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> molis <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> humor, & habeat <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> ſpeciem grauitatis: quęritur an emergat <lb></lb>ex aquis, an, & <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> deprimatur. </s> <s>Docet Archimedes <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eam non <expan abbr="enataturã">enataturam</expan>, ſed iri demerſum; ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3009"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="493"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3010"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tamen, vt in aquis non feratur deorſum; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ea ratione. </s> <s>Nam ſi tu illam opineris aliqua ex parte <lb></lb>enatare; ſic te conuincam. </s> <s>Pone mihi humidum conſiſtens, nec vſquam labi preſſum, & finge ali<lb></lb>quod planum per K <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> terræ, & humidi, quæ ſunt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, vt ſuprà demonſtratum eſt, & per ſoli<lb></lb>dam illam <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> ductum, & ſit ſectio ſuperficiei ipſius humidi ABCD. ſolidæ <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> magni<lb></lb>tudinis (eſt autem EHTF.) pars, quæ eſt in aquis BHTC. quæ verò eminet EBCF. Cogita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſolidam <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> pyramide <expan abbr="cõprehenſam">comprehenſam</expan>, quæ contineat <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> EHTF, cuius baſis ſit paral<lb></lb>lelogrammum, quod eſt in humidi ſuperficie; vertex <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> K terræ & humidi centrum. </s> <s>Sit præter <lb></lb>ea ſectio plani in quo eſt circunferentia ABCD. & planorum pyramidis KL. KM. Deſcribe rur<lb></lb>ſus <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> alterius ſphęræ ſuperficiem directò ſub magnitudine EHT. quæ ſit XO, cur ſupponan<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> planis KL. KM. Sume <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> alteram pyramidem huic æqualem & ſimilem in proximo <lb></lb>& contiguam; eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> planorum ſectio ſit KM. KN. Mox accipe de hac pyramide <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> <lb></lb>RSQV. ex eodem humido quæ ſit æqualis & ſimilis illi parti ſolidæ magnitudinis quæ mergitur <lb></lb>in aquis, ſub qua nota etiam <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> alterius ſphęræ ſuperficiem proximæ æqualem & ſimilem OP. <lb></lb>Hîc iam binas habemus pyramides æquales atque conſimiles LKM. MKN. & alteras binas <lb></lb>item æquales & conſimiles XKO. OKD. Quòd ſi demantur de alteris illis; remanent ſectiones <lb></lb>LXOM. & MOPN. æquales. </s> <s>Cùm etiam ſint æquales & ſimiles magnitudines BHTC. & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3011"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>RSQV ſi illæ quoque demantur; æqualia pyramidis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> relinquunt. </s> <s>His ſtantibus appa<lb></lb>ret XO. & OP. humidi partes ex æquo poſitas eſſe & continuatas; non premi verò ſimiliter, quòd <lb></lb>XO. premitur à magnitudine EHTF. & à reſiduo pyramidis. </s> <s>OP. verò premitur à ſolido RS<lb></lb>QV, quod eſt æquale ipſi BHTC. parte ipſius EHTF, & ab altero reſiduo ſuperiori reſiduo <lb></lb>æquali. </s> <s>Magis ergo premitur OP. <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> altera pars OP. ab ea pelletur. </s> <s>Non igitur conſiſtet hu<lb></lb>midum, quod tamen conſiſtere ponebatur. </s> <s>Proinde ex humidi ſuperficie nihil extat ipſius EHTF. <lb></lb>magnitudinis. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> demenſa deſcendet inferius: neceſſe eſt enim, vt in deſcenſu pariter ex<lb></lb>pellantur; at ibi ſolùm expulſio ſuccedit, vbi vna pars premitur magis, quàm proxima; ſed hîc <lb></lb>cùm ſolida magnitudo & humidum ſint æquè grauia, nulla preſsio maior; proptereà <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pulſio; <lb></lb>neque deſcenſus igitur. </s> <s>Sit nunc magnitudo leuior humido, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dico eam demiſſam in humidum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3012"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non totam in demerſum, ſed aliquam eius partem ex humido extituram. </s> <s>Da oppoſitum, & ma<lb></lb>neat humidum reliquis eodem modo conſtitutis, vt ſuprà, præter magnitudines: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hîc in hu<lb></lb>mido totæ ponuntur; cùm cętera paria ſint, & humidi partes XO. & OP. ſub illis magnitudini<lb></lb>bus ſint æqualiter poſitæ & continuatæ; non premuntur æqualiter; ſiquidem altera ſit leuior ex <lb></lb>hypotheſi. </s> <s>Non ergo tota demergetur, ſed aliqua ipſius pars eminebit. </s> <s>Si iterum percuncteris, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3013"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi demergatur in humidum quouſque proceſſura ſit; reſpondebo quouſque tanta moles humidi, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3014"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quanta eſt partis demerſæ, eandem habeat grauitatem, quam tota magnitudo. </s> <s>Fiat idem appara<lb></lb>tus, quem longo ſermone ſuperius expoſuimus, & humidum manere ponatur. </s> <s>Certè ſi manet; <lb></lb>partes humidi, quæ ſunt XO. OP. premuntur æqualiter: ergo & prementium grauitas æqualis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed præter iſtas magnitudines omnia ſunt æqualia & grauitatis æqualis. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt graui<lb></lb>tas ipſius RSQV ſit æqualis grauitati totius magnitudinis EHTF. Sed RSQV. eſt æqualis <lb></lb>illi parti ipſius EHTF, quæ demerſa eſt ſcilicet BHTC. Et tanta pars igitur ſolidæ magnitudi<lb></lb>nis eſt in aquis, quanta eſt moles humidi habentis æqualem grauitatem toti magnitudini. </s> <s>Fac mo<lb></lb>dò talem quendam <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> magnitudinem aliqua vi in aquam fuiſſe immerſam; quánam, obſecro, vi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3015"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſurſum redituram putas? </s> <s>Aìo tanta vi illam ad locum ſuum naturalem conſcenſuram, quanta eſt <lb></lb>exuperantia grauitatis in illo humido quod habet æqualem molem, cùm ipſa, vt ſi grauitas ſoli<lb></lb>dæ magnitudinis ſit quinque, humidi verò illi æqualis octo; ſurſum feretur vt tria, quæ eſt exu<lb></lb>perantia grauitatis in humido. </s> <s>Magnitudo leuior humido ſit A. grauitas eius B. Humidum mo<lb></lb>lem habens æqualem ipſi A ſit E, cuius grauitas ſit BC. Sumatur alia magnitudo D, quæ graui<lb></lb>tatem habeat æqualem C, ita vt compoſitum ex vtriſque tanta præditum ſit grauitate, quanta eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3016"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>grauitas humidi æqualis ipſi A. Statuatur rurſus humidum æquale ipſi D & ſit F, atque item <lb></lb>cum altero componatur; compoſitum maiorem habebit grauitatem, quàm BC. ſiquidem BC <lb></lb>ſit grauitas humidi E. Demittatur in aquam tota magnitudo AD. cùm ſit leuior humido, eo <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <lb></lb>demergetur; quanta eſt moles humidi habentis æqualem grauitatem toti AF. Nunc ſit ſuper<lb></lb>ficies humidi cuiuſdam circunferentiam ABCD. vt ſuprà. </s> <s>Cùm igitur tanta moles humidi <lb></lb>quanta eſt magnitudo A, habeat tantam grauitatem, quantam AD; ergo ex anteà demonſtratis <lb></lb>conſtat partem A totius magnitudinis AD eſſe demenſam, reſiduam verò D ex aquis eminere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed grauitas ipſius D eſt id quo humidum E ſuperat grauitatem ipſius A, & magis premens ex<lb></lb>pellit: ergo fertur ea vi ſurſum quæ adæquat grauitatem ipſius A. Non verebor hîc aſſerere & <lb></lb>naturam ipſam comprehendi, quæ affert propenſionem & rationem quoque velocitatis, vt ſcilicet <lb></lb>tantum extet ex aquis, quanta eſt exuperantia grauitatis humidi, quod eſt æquale ſolidæ magni<lb></lb>tudini, atque etiam vt tanta vi ſurſum feratur, quanta eſt illa exuperantia, quia pellitur ab exupe<lb></lb>tantia, pulſa conſcendit.</s></p> <pb pagenum="494"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3007"></margin.target>b Lib. 1. de <lb></lb>his, quę <lb></lb>veh. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="aq.">aque</expan></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3008"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3009"></margin.target>c Prop. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3010"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3011"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3012"></margin.target>a Prop. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3013"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3014"></margin.target>b Prop. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3015"></margin.target>c Prop. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3016"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="caption"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Deſcriptio communis Propp. </s> <s>III. V. & VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3017"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig8"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3017"></margin.target>E</s></p> <figure id="fig8"></figure> <p type="caption"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Deſcriptio IV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig9"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <figure id="fig9"></figure> <p type="caption"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Deſcriptio VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <figure></figure> <p type="caption"> <s>E. <emph type="italics"></emph>hu<lb></lb>midum <lb></lb>æquale<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>A. </s></p> <p type="caption"> <s>F. <emph type="italics"></emph>humidum ęquale<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> D.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Cęterùm non ſatis hęc cum Ariſtotelica <expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-uenire">con<lb></lb>uenire</expan> mihi videntur. </s> <s>Mirum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> admodum eſt aquá <lb></lb>ſua grauitate ſuperare terram, cùm grauior ſeipſa vi<lb></lb>deatur eſſe propter terræ participationem. </s> <s>Tum de<lb></lb>inde quòd non plenè mihi ſatisfaciunt hę rationes, ſi <lb></lb>cauſſam doceri velim, cur lignum & vas, quod alio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3018"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quin enatat, tum demum ſubmergatur, vbi aqua ple<lb></lb>num fuerit; nihilominus quia par aquæ illius quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan> in vaſe, pondus exiſtit, ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> in aquę <lb></lb>ſuperficie conſiſteret: attamen ad imum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> prope<lb></lb>rare <expan abbr="cõſpicitur">conſpicitur</expan>. </s> <s>Huc accedit quae perſpicuè veteres <expan abbr="cõfutauit">confutauit</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan> motus <expan abbr="ſursũ">ſursum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3019"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ex grauiorum pulſione fieri <expan abbr="cõtenderent">contenderent</expan>, & profectò <expan abbr="videret̃">videretur</expan> illud neceſſariò <expan abbr="cõſequi">conſequi</expan>, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora naturalia forent grauia <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; nulla <expan abbr="oīno">omnino</expan> leuia, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> prorſus eueniret <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, ſi <lb></lb>aër & ignis in ima aquæ ſede <expan abbr="collocarent̃">collocarentur</expan>. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> pulſio <expan abbr="cõcedat̃">concedatur</expan> in elementis, vnde terræ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3020"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>partes <expan abbr="cõtrahant̃">contrahantur</expan> in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>, non eſt, mea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſententia, talis, vt de ſuo loco naturali grauia pellat, ſed <lb></lb>vt magis <expan abbr="cẽtrũ">centrum</expan> verſus deducat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="cõfluxus">confluxus</expan> erit in humido <expan abbr="ſuperãte">ſuperante</expan> ad partes inferiores per ſe <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, ſed ſi fortè quæ ſunt in ſuo loco reſiſtant (<expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> propter <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> non facilè ſe de ſuo loco <lb></lb><expan abbr="patiunt̃">patiuntur</expan> extrudi) collapſus in <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> <expan abbr="ſedẽ">ſedem</expan>, vt, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> directò, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> eo quo poſſunt, modo <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> <expan abbr="con-ſequant̃">con<lb></lb>ſequantur</expan>: <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> verò per accidens ex hoc impulſu leuia <expan abbr="ferunt̃">feruntur</expan> in <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ſed ſuapte natura id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ob<lb></lb>tinuere, vt pergrauiora <expan abbr="enatẽt">enatent</expan>. </s> <s>Proptereà <expan abbr="tãti">tanti</expan> faciemus has cauſſas à mathematicis approbatas, <expan abbr="quã-">quan<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3021"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <expan abbr="propẽſione">propenſione</expan> <expan abbr="cõſentiũt">conſentiunt</expan>, & accipiemus ea quę <expan abbr="ſequunt̃">ſequuntur</expan>; ex <expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> illa <expan abbr="ſequunt̃">ſequuntur</expan>, omittemus, <lb></lb>& quae per <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> <expan abbr="quidq.">quidque</expan> <expan abbr="qũocunq.">quocunque</expan> moueatur, ad <expan abbr="facilẽ">facilem</expan> <expan abbr="difficilemq́">difficilemque</expan>. </s> <s>medij <expan abbr="partitionẽ">partitionem</expan> deducamus, de <lb></lb>qua re ſuprà diximus, qua de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="motib9">motibus</expan> verba fecimus. </s> <s>Ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> id tribuiſſe Phi<lb></lb>loſophus craſsitudini & ſubtilitati medij. </s> <s><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> de nauibus onerariis <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt ſuprà. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>cauſſa <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à Seneca <expan abbr="quærebant̃">quærebantur</expan>, ad initia ſolita <expan abbr="referẽda">referenda</expan> eſt per ſe; <expan abbr="dominiũ">dominium</expan> videlicet <expan abbr="elemẽtorũ">elementorum</expan>, <lb></lb>& medij <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan>. </s> <s>quo fit, vt ſi mobile <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, medij ſuperet, veluti <expan abbr="plūbũ">plumbum</expan> aquæ <expan abbr="cõtinuitatẽ">continuitatem</expan>; per <lb></lb><expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>; ſi minus, vt <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan> aut <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan>, ſeu natiua <expan abbr="propẽſione">propenſione</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> externa aliqua affectione; plus <lb></lb>aquæ minuſúe <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> virtutis <expan abbr="p̃pollẽtis">propollentis</expan> ſuperemineat, ſed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <expan abbr="liqda">liquida</expan> <expan abbr="ſubeũt">ſubeunt</expan>; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> p <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> euenit, vt gra<lb></lb>uia <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ex parte <expan abbr="natar̃">natarum</expan> <expan abbr="videant̃">videantur</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> aqs. </s> <s>Cur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vas, vbi <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> fuerit, <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> aqua <expan abbr="mergat̃">mergatur</expan>, mox aperiemus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3018"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3019"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3020"></margin.target>b 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 104.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3021"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliquot problemata de motibus qui per aquam, vel per aërem & aquam communiter fiunt, <lb></lb>proponuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EORVM occaſio quæ nuper expoſuimus, & contra mathematicos (vt opinamur) tranſegi<lb></lb>mus; illa item quæ de grauium motu per aquam & aërem <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> fieri ſolent, à neotericis <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="controuerſiã">controuerſiam</expan> reuocata fuerunt, me quoque adigunt ad rerum <expan abbr="nonnullarũ">nonnullarum</expan> cauſſas perquirendas. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi videntur hæc vim problematum redolere, & idcirco ſeparatum <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> flagitare volu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3022"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>men; ita poteſt apud me ſignificandæ cauſſæ <expan abbr="deſideriũ">deſiderium</expan>, vt etiam lectoris auctoritate cogat abuti, quae <lb></lb>etſi veluti viator itineris optat finem, ſic & mens exitum quæſtionis attendit; tamen ſicut in antro<lb></lb>feſſum requieſcere nonnunquam eſt <expan abbr="iucundũ">iucundum</expan>; ſic menti tantiſper in rebus quæ frequenter ſeſe <expan abbr="dãt">dant</expan>, <lb></lb>eſſe curioſam, & illò diuerti placet. </s> <s>Nam præter id quod ſuprà tetigimus ab experientia ſignifica<lb></lb>tum nempe vas, quod cęteroquin eminebat in aquis, vbi plenum aqua fuerit, nihilominus ad imum <lb></lb>proficiſci, quod ſanè difficiles extricatus habet; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id vaſis naturæ <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> adſcribi, quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi diſ<lb></lb>ſoluatur ex aqua extabit; nec illi aquę, quæ recipitur, cum ipſa propter <expan abbr="æqualẽ">æqualem</expan> poteſtatem, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> habet <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> reliqua, in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſuperficie manere potius debeat: <expan abbr="quęſitũ">quęſitum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt; quare ligna quæ per aërem <lb></lb>erecta ceciderunt, vbi ad <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> peruenere, ſtrata fluitare <expan abbr="cõſuerint">conſuerint</expan>. </s> <s>Ego verò primi illius <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> duo <lb></lb>capita continere crediderim. </s> <s>Primum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quod pertinet ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ipſum qui fit in proprio loco; <lb></lb>alterum verò, cur id aquę illius peculiare ſit, vt <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> non ſeruet, cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aër in vaſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="retinẽs">retinens</expan> ex aquis enatet. </s> <s>Arbitror <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan>, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> aqua per illud vas, à quo <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan>, à toto ſegregata eſt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>totius beneficio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="pollẽs">pollens</expan>, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> aliud quid, ab aqua diuerſum, <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> habet, & <expan abbr="reliquã">reliquam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> per quod <expan abbr="ferat̃">feratur</expan>, opprimit, ſimul diuidit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vas, vt <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan> deſcendit, ſed <pb pagenum="495"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3023"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tanquam <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quid <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eo <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan>, quod <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan>, in aqua <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> habet figurę beneficio quę <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> alieni <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõprehẽdit">comprehendit</expan>; ita fit, vt ſiquo caſu in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> aëris ſubeat aqua, tum <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> <expan abbr="ferat̃">feratur</expan> corpus illud in <expan abbr="profundũ">profundum</expan>, <lb></lb>id verò nil aliud ſibi vult, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſimplex <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> eo <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> deſcendat, ſed quae aliquid figura effi<lb></lb>ciat, cùm & <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="sĩplex">simplex</expan> ſit, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan> è partibus <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> motus diuerſi ſint, & per ſe na<lb></lb>tet, & multo magis id <expan abbr="sĩplex">simplex</expan> eſt quod in ipſo <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan>, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="neutrũ">neutrum</expan> ex his in aquis mergi <lb></lb>poſsit, figura ipſa ſeparationis cauſſa eſt & <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> propter illud corpus graue, quod <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan>. </s> <s>Alterius <lb></lb>verò cauſſa è ſuperioribus <expan abbr="repetẽda">repetenda</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> pręter <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> in ſuis locis <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan>. </s> <s>at aër <lb></lb><expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> aqua leuis eſt, idcirco retinet <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> aër in aquis, &, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> vaſe ſit, enatat, & aqua <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> <expan abbr="habẽs">habens</expan> <lb></lb>in ſuo loco, cùm à toto <expan abbr="ſegregat̃">ſegregatur</expan>, properat ad <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan>, ſed certè <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> ego figurę in hoc motu cenſeo <lb></lb><expan abbr="tribuendũ">tribuendum</expan>, <expan abbr="propterq̃">propterquae</expan> & grauia ſępe <expan abbr="natãt">natant</expan>, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinẽt">continent</expan> <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> & aëre pulſo <expan abbr="ſubmergunt̃">ſubmerguntur</expan>. </s> <s>ex quo <expan abbr="ef-ficit̃">ef<lb></lb>ficitur</expan>, vt tum mergatur animal, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> vaſa, quę prius <expan abbr="erãt">erant</expan> ſpiritu plena, pulſo illo & exhauſto <expan abbr="cõpleãtur">compleantur</expan> <lb></lb>humore. </s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nos illud in hac re monuit Plutarchus, ſiquod ſit corpus inęquale, & ab al<lb></lb>tera <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> parte cauitates <expan abbr="habẽs">habens</expan>, vbi emergat ex aquis <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> prius enatare, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cauata eſt, ideò <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <lb></lb>afferebat, cur viri ſubmerſi pectore elato ad aquę <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> <expan abbr="euehant̃">euehantur</expan>, contrà mulieres ipſo tergo ex <lb></lb>aquis <expan abbr="extẽt">extent</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> viri <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> partes quę reſpirationi <expan abbr="ſeruiũt">ſeruiunt</expan>, maiores <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fœminę & <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> antica parte par<lb></lb>uas <expan abbr="carniũ">carnium</expan> <expan abbr="prominẽtias">prominentias</expan>; mulieres ſecus, <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> reſpirationis parua, & <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> <expan abbr="carniũ">carnium</expan> <expan abbr="copiã">copiam</expan>: hi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3024"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pectoris partes <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> leuiores, illę verò <expan abbr="põderatiores">ponderatiores</expan>, quę cùm ſint, <expan abbr="hui9">huius</expan>rei cauſſa <expan abbr="palã">palam</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eademq.">Eademque</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſa eſt, cur exanimis anguilla <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fluitat, nec niſi cum aquis putrefacta <expan abbr="diſſoluit̃">diſſoluitur</expan>. </s> <s>cęteri verò piſces <lb></lb>mortui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſubmergunt̃">ſubmerguntur</expan>, & prętereà cur primis diebus <expan abbr="animãtes">animantes</expan> in aqua ſuffocatæ petant <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan>; <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>verò procedente <expan abbr="emergãt">emergant</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> præter alias cauſſas quæ ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="recitant̃">recitantur</expan>, vt quia <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> pinguedinis <expan abbr="ha-beãt">ha<lb></lb>beant</expan>, plurimę verò careant, eſt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> anguſtia <expan abbr="vẽtris">ventris</expan>, in qua cauſſa loci <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> aëris ſpirituſúe <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>potiſsima cauſſa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera illa potius adiuuans <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pręcipua. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt <expan abbr="Cõradus">Corradus</expan> admonet; etſi <lb></lb>pinguitudo leuis eſt, & aëreę naturę, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>piſces pinguiores facilè <expan abbr="ſuperfluitãt">ſuperfluitant</expan>. </s> <s>hęc <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vera <expan abbr="primaq́">primaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſuperfluitationis eſſe non <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim galei, quos canes appellamus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pingue, nec <expan abbr="ſeuũ">ſeuum</expan> habent. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="attñ">attamen</expan> <expan abbr="enatãt">enatant</expan> mortui. </s> <s>At illa certa cauſſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, qua ſublata <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tollit̃">tollitur</expan> effectus. </s> <s>Illa <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> potiſsima, quae <expan abbr="ven-trẽ">ven<lb></lb>trem</expan> habeat <expan abbr="paruũ">paruum</expan> .i. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauitatẽ">cauitatem</expan> qua viſcera <expan abbr="cõtinent̃">continentur</expan>, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> capiunt aëris. </s> <s>noluit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abundare natura <lb></lb>ſpiritu <expan abbr="animantẽ">animantem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, cuius vita futura eſſet in cœno, & quæ ob <expan abbr="paruitatẽ">paruitatem</expan> <expan abbr="brãchiarũ">branchiarum</expan> diutius <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-ceptũ">con<lb></lb>ceptum</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> foret exiguus, aſſeruare poſſet. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> poſt <expan abbr="mortẽ">mortem</expan> euaneſcat, ex hoc <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan> vt anguilla, <lb></lb>cùm primùm mortua ſit, nò ſuperemineat aquis. </s> <s>cętera proximè ab <expan abbr="ĩteritu">interitu</expan> <expan abbr="ſuperemineãt">ſuperemineant</expan>, donec aqua <lb></lb><expan abbr="prægrauãte">prægrauante</expan> oppleta <expan abbr="deſcẽdunt">deſcendunt</expan> ad <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan>. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> poſteà <expan abbr="cõputruerũt">computruerunt</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ad aquæ <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> <expan abbr="euehunt̃">euehuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>quae ex putredine ſanguinis & <expan abbr="humorũ">humorum</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> flatus ſub cure <expan abbr="gignunt̃">gignuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> per <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> diſperſis, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3025"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>copiosè in cauitates <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> collectis, corpora <expan abbr="intumeſcũt">intumeſcunt</expan>, & ex imo <expan abbr="efferunt̃">efferuntur</expan> nullo ijs exitu <expan abbr="patẽte">patente</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dicebat <expan abbr="Alexãder">Alexander</expan> piratas <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> homines, quos <expan abbr="enecaſsẽt">enecaſsent</expan>, pulmone <expan abbr="exẽpto">exempto</expan> in <expan abbr="altũ">altum</expan> proiicere, <lb></lb>ne <expan abbr="efferrent̃">efferrentur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eadẽ">Eadem</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> eſt, cur oua integra demiſſa in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> demergi ſoleant; vrina & corrupta <expan abbr="ſuſtineã-tur">ſuſtinean<lb></lb>tur</expan>: tabet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> humor <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, & inflatur. </s> <s>Signo eſt, quae ſi acu <expan abbr="pũgant̃">pungantur</expan>, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> amplius <expan abbr="fluitãt">fluitant</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="iidẽ">iidem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſcri<lb></lb>ptores <expan abbr="aſſerũt">aſſerunt</expan> <expan abbr="aſellũ">aſellum</expan>, p vulgò merlutius <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, habere <expan abbr="folliculũ">folliculum</expan> <expan abbr="cãdidiſsimũ">candidiſsimum</expan>, quo inter <expan abbr="natãdũ">natandum</expan> <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="adiuuet̃">adiuuetur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> experti ſumus in leuciſcis, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> folliculus pro corporis magnitudine ſatis am<lb></lb>plus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Iã">Iam</expan> vero <expan abbr="veniẽtes">venientes</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> illud, pro vero accipiamus, <expan abbr="baculũ">baculum</expan> <expan abbr="erectũ">erectum</expan> per <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> labi, quae aëris diuiſio <lb></lb>celerius <expan abbr="adminiſtrat̃">adminiſtratur</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt caput ſuperius pręcipitari poſsit. </s> <s>verùm <expan abbr="poſteaq̃">poſteaquam</expan> peruenit ad <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>; <expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, propter eius <expan abbr="craſsitiẽ">craſsitiem</expan> inferius caput <expan abbr="lẽtè">lentè</expan> deſcendere ex quo <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> dari ſuperiori, vt <expan abbr="deſcẽdat">deſcendat</expan> in <lb></lb>aërę. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> in aqua manet ad <expan abbr="æquilibriũ">æquilibrium</expan>. </s> <s>Cęterùm etſi ſatis erat hîc occurrere <expan abbr="experiẽtia">experientia</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="mergit̃">mergitur</expan> baculus in aquis totus <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan>, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> euehitur in aquis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="pro-cũbit">pro<lb></lb>cumbit</expan>; huius euenti <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa perquirenda: ad <expan abbr="pręſtandũ">pręſtandum</expan> petamus ab <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> cogitatis auxilium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa hęc poſterior <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſatis probata eſt: <expan abbr="qñdoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="reddit̃">redditur</expan>, cur ſi <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> in aqua rectum <lb></lb>collocetur; protinus <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="procũbat">procumbat</expan>. </s> <s>Prętereà quae <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> <expan abbr="sũmũ">summum</expan> caput deſcendere liberius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inferius <expan abbr="aſcẽ-dat">aſcen<lb></lb>dat</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> nimis tutò <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> pars ea quæ in aquis eſt, <expan abbr="deſcẽdit">deſcendit</expan> pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3026"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="tẽdit">tendit</expan> <expan abbr="ſursũ">ſursum</expan>, at plus natura <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="violẽtia">violentia</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: ſigno eſt quae motus ille <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan> loco naturali. </s> <s>citius <lb></lb>ergo <expan abbr="aſcẽdet">aſcendet</expan> in aqua, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="deſcẽdat">deſcendat</expan>. </s> <s>ſequitur ergo, vt impetus ab inferiore capite <expan abbr="exhoriat̃">exhoriatur</expan>. </s> <s>Id in aquis <lb></lb>ſine <expan abbr="cõtrouerſia">controuerſia</expan> <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſt, reſtat vt <expan abbr="contẽplemur">contemplemur</expan>, cum & ligni <expan abbr="aſcẽſus">aſcenſus</expan> in aqua ſit <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <lb></lb>aëre <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> deſcenſus; <expan abbr="vtrũ">vtrum</expan> plus poſsit. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> cęteroqui <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mihi neceſſaria <expan abbr="vñr">videntur</expan> ea quæ <expan abbr="opponunt̃">opponuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> qui <lb></lb>ita dicunt, patrocinium potius partis <expan abbr="ſuſcipiũt">ſuſcipiunt</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> oppugnet, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa perbellè ad aduer<lb></lb>ſarij <expan abbr="qõnem">quaestionem</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan> poſsit. </s> <s><expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ego <expan abbr="baculũ">baculum</expan> <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ferri, quia pars ſuperior <expan abbr="deſcẽſu">deſcenſu</expan> præue<lb></lb>niat, & ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="obiectionẽ">obiectionem</expan> ita reſpondebo: cùm baculus ſit <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> quid; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>motus totius <lb></lb>vnus reipſa ſit æquali gradu caput <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in aqua <expan abbr="aſcẽdere">aſcendere</expan>, & <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in aëre <expan abbr="deſcẽdere">deſcendere</expan>. </s> <s>Et certè id ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium eſt, licet initium motus, quod' nam ſit non conſtet adhuc, quòd <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus videatur eſſe ſe<lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ei parti quæ in aëre verſatur, ad aquæ ſuperficiem cadere, quam illi quæ in aqua eſt, <lb></lb>ad eandem attolli. </s> <s>etſi cętera fuerint pares, ad æquilibrium aquis incumbere, & ex toto proſterni. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuerò tantiſper hîc inſiſtamus & <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ſcrutaturi <expan abbr="diligẽtius">diligentius</expan> admoneamus in primis <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> <lb></lb>capita huiuſce <expan abbr="qõnis">quaestionis</expan> extare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod <expan abbr="quęrit̃">quęritur</expan>, cur per aërem baculus <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> erectus, vbi verò ad <lb></lb>aquę <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> venerit ad <expan abbr="æquilibriũ">æquilibrium</expan> aquis <expan abbr="incũbat">incumbat</expan>, hoc problema <expan abbr="tẽtare">tentare</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, cur ibi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> manet <expan abbr="erect9">erectus</expan>, <lb></lb>fac <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> in aëre eſſe <expan abbr="erectũ">erectum</expan> ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſupra dicta eſt. </s> <s>cur hoc minus faciet in aquis? </s> <s><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> in terra <pb pagenum="496"></pb>efficit <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan>. </s> <s>cur etiam <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> in terra id præſtat, non <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan>, quæ'nam varietatis iſtius cauſſa. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3027"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Tum <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan>, an'ne ab inferiore capite, an à ſuperiore motus ille incipiat, vbi rectus aquis <expan abbr="immittat̃">immittatur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ligno <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus naturale ſit ex aëre ad <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> aquę <expan abbr="deſcẽdere">deſcendere</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex imo <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> euehi. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>illius primi <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> illius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="dicerẽ">dicerem</expan>, quo baculus propter <expan abbr="liquiditatẽ">liquiditatem</expan> inſiſtere nequeat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> facilè oppreſſa <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> aqua, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>inæqualiter, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan> ligni <expan abbr="imminẽtis">imminentis</expan> <expan abbr="æquilibriũ">æquilibrium</expan> conſer<lb></lb>uari: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò difficilius illa cedit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aër: offert <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> capiti ſuperiori, vt <expan abbr="deorsũ">deorsum</expan> <expan abbr="flectat̃">flectatur</expan>, & ita <expan abbr="procũ-bat">procun<lb></lb>bat</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò ſic ſe habet <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> propter terræ partes, vt in ſola ipſa ſuperficie <expan abbr="cõſiſtat">conſiſtat</expan>, velut aër qui <lb></lb>nihil opprimit, ſed habens aliquod <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan>, licet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãtũ">quantum</expan> ineſt in aqua, <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> ſanè premit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſubit aquam. </s> <s>ex quo <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt ad <expan abbr="perpendiculũ">perpendiculum</expan> ſtare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> valens facilè ruat. </s> <s><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> verò ma<lb></lb>neat, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> toto corpore proſtratus eſt baculus, quia ſiue in aëre, ſiue in aquis erectus exiſtat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt affe<lb></lb>ctus <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> maior eius pars extra <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> ſit & pręgrauat, <expan abbr="locumq́">locumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> cupiat quem <lb></lb>pars inferior <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> obtinuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idẽ">Idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> in iis corporibus quę, cùm in aqua <expan abbr="mergant̃">mergantur</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan>, erecta <expan abbr="p̨manere">permanere</expan> <expan abbr="volũt">volunt</expan>, <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars ſuperior prægrauat. </s> <s>Proinde illi, qui <expan abbr="natãt">natant</expan>, vbi ſtare <expan abbr="cupiũt">cupiunt</expan>, <lb></lb>magis <expan abbr="laborãt">laborant</expan>, & <expan abbr="egẽt">egent</expan> <expan abbr="sũmo">summo</expan> artificio quo ſibi <expan abbr="retineãt">retineant</expan> <expan abbr="æquilibriũ">æquilibrium</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan>, cùm homo <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſit erectus, cui ſtatui <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> in <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> aqua <expan abbr="aduerſat̃">aduerſatur</expan>, eget arte & diſciplina ad <expan abbr="natandũ">natandum</expan>: cætera <lb></lb>animalia, quia prona <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, ex inſtinctu naturali <expan abbr="natãt">natant</expan>. </s> <s>Terra <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> retinere poſſunt æquili<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3028"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="briũ">brium</expan> ea, quæ ipſa inſiſtunt. </s> <s>modò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> obſtet inæqualitas ſedis, aut baſeos <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> corporis, quod innititur <lb></lb>terra, aut inęqualitas <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <expan abbr="eminentiũ">eminentium</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco ſtat homo, quae eius partes ex æquo <expan abbr="pręgrauãt">pręgrauant</expan>, <lb></lb>ſiue ſi id grauitas æqua <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> præſtat, efficit vis animalis in hoc <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> adęquans; vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſaltatores <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="funãbuli">funambuli</expan> æquilibria <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> apparant <expan abbr="quib9">quibus</expan> ſeipſos & alia, ſi libet, ſuſtinere queant. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3029"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="pẽdant">pendant</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> permittunt aliquò verſus ea pręcipitari. </s> <s>ſic ex æqualitate <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> curſus <expan abbr="adiuuat̃">adiuuatur</expan> hominis <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iactatione <expan abbr="brachiorũ">brachiorum</expan>, <expan abbr="nonnullorũ">nonnullorum</expan> verò auxilio caudę, vel <expan abbr="auriũ">aurium</expan> (ſed hoc ad illa pertinet quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> motus attingunt: nos ea <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> agimus quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> motus inanimorum). <expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quae baſis in ſtatu ma<lb></lb>ius occupare <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> debear <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> altitudo, quod video <expan abbr="nõnullos">nonnullos</expan> mechanicos opinari: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> pu<lb></lb>to, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan>, etſi id <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſt, vbi ſit <expan abbr="mai9">maius</expan> <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> baſeos, <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ſtare, quod cùm ſit maior, ima pars, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="patiat̃">patiatur</expan> <lb></lb>à ſuperiore ſe loco moueri; at multa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="manẽt">manent</expan>, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> baſis multò minus <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> occupat, <expan abbr="dũmo-dò">dummo<lb></lb>dò</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrapenſio">contrapenſio</expan> ſeruetur, vt ſenſus oſtendit. </s> <s>Siquis verò quęrat <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan>, vnde motus ille initium ſumat <lb></lb>(iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan> ob <expan abbr="cõtinuitatẽ">continuitatem</expan> ſimul <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> motus abſolui) an'ne ab inferiore, an à ſuperiore capite <lb></lb>potius: ita <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>; <expan abbr="propẽſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ſpectari poſſe <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, aut ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, aut ad energian <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> & <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò finis <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> natura <expan abbr="sũmũ">summum</expan> eſt, quod ipſa <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> pari gradu <expan abbr="cõcupiſcũt">concupiſcunt</expan>, quo ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> verò, <lb></lb>vt id <expan abbr="aſſequant̃">aſſequantur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> eſt aqua propenſio, pone tu duos lapides <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="magnū">magnum</expan>, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="paruũ">paruum</expan>; <expan abbr="vterq.">vterque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> expetit, & in illud <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> & maxime <expan abbr="cõtendit">contendit</expan>, ſed in maiore vis maior, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ergo ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3030"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pertinet, ex hoc <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de motibus illis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan>, ſed ex energia ipſa per ſe, cui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> accedere <lb></lb>medij natura: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aër magis <expan abbr="deorsũ">deorsum</expan> <expan abbr="propẽdet">propendet</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua <expan abbr="ſursũ">ſursum</expan>, propter ea principia, quæ anteà poſita <lb></lb>fuerunt: prætereà facilius <expan abbr="diuidit̃">diuiditur</expan> aër, & corpora <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, igne excepto, <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> habent <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="leui-tatẽ">leui<lb></lb>tatem</expan>, idcirco puto <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> talis motus à parte ſuperiore <expan abbr="deſumendū">deſumendum</expan>; ſi baculi pars extra aquas exti<lb></lb>terit: at verò, ſi totus fuerit in aquis, ita indicabo: <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> à ſuperiore parte exordiri, niſi <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb>penitus <expan abbr="cõſecuta">conſecuta</expan> fuerit, ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maneat oportet; eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aquæ ſuperficies, ſed ſi tantiſper extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>fuerit; cùm ſit ſuo loco vicinior, & <expan abbr="prõptius">promptius</expan> & ocyus euehi probabile eſt. </s> <s>Redeo <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> ad <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan> illud, <lb></lb>qd olim <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Scire <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> licet, <expan abbr="victoriã">victoriam</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> in aliquo mixto multis modis poſſe capi, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ęquabiliter & ordinatè ſubactis <expan abbr="oĩb9">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>; id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> auro <expan abbr="cõtinger̃">contingetur</expan> <expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan>, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſparſim & carptim. <lb></lb></s> <s>vnde <expan abbr="exoriunt̃">exoriuntur</expan> corpora <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> poris intercepta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ad <expan abbr="cõſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan> corporis attinet & <expan abbr="natu-rã">natu<lb></lb>ram</expan>: ea ſanè terrena eſſe poſſunt, ſed <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan>, p in cauitatibus incluſus eſt, naturalis inclinatio ab aduẽ<lb></lb>titia qualitate <expan abbr="ſuperat̃">ſuperatur</expan>. </s> <s>hinc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> & lana, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> eis <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> terrę inſit, <expan abbr="enatãt">enatant</expan> in aquis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Oleũ">Oleum</expan> <lb></lb>verò <expan abbr="qñq.">quandoque</expan> <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="aëreũ">aëreum</expan> eſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> nil mirùm ſi ſuperemineat aquas. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quod vel à frigore <lb></lb><expan abbr="denſatũ">denſatum</expan> eſt, vel prę vetuſtate <expan abbr="cõſpiſſatũ">conſpiſſatum</expan>, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> facultates aëris <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> eo ſopitę eſſe <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan>, facilè mergatur in <lb></lb>aquis ni <expan abbr="lẽtitudo">lentitudo</expan> reſiſtat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eadẽ">Eadem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> à <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan>: cur aqua maris, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in <expan abbr="ſup̃ficie">ſuperficie</expan> grauior <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3031"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit, quae è <expan abbr="plurib9">pluribus</expan> terrę partibus <expan abbr="cõflata">conflata</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tẽdat">tendat</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ad <expan abbr="imũ">imum</expan>, & certè <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> refelli <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>facilè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quiſque <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõcedat">concedat</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> aquę <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> ſatis eſſe <expan abbr="lentã">lentam</expan>, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> norit <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> habere vim <expan abbr="abſtergẽdi">abſtergendi</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eluẽdi">eluendi</expan> maculas, id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="pręſtãt">pręſtant</expan> corpora lentiora, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> facilè in <expan abbr="cuſpidẽ">cuſpidem</expan> <expan abbr="acutiſsimã">acutiſsimam</expan> <expan abbr="deſinãt">deſinant</expan>; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſubeãt">ſubeant</expan> in tenuiſsimos <expan abbr="quoſq.">quoſque</expan> <lb></lb>meatus, & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> viſcida, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> facile <expan abbr="frãgi">frangi</expan> & <expan abbr="diſcõtinuari">diſcontinuari</expan> ſe <expan abbr="patiant̃">patiantur</expan>. </s> <s>Cęterùm hęc alterius loci & <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt, ſèd interim <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> afferre <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pigebit; cur aqua illa quæ in <expan abbr="sũmo">summo</expan> mari <expan abbr="verſat̃">verſatur</expan>, & ter<lb></lb>reſtris & amara ſit, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in ea naturalis propenſionis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> non <expan abbr="ſeruet̃">ſeruetur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quanquã">Quanquam</expan> haud facilè perſuadeat <lb></lb><expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> terræ <expan abbr="copiã">copiam</expan> in <expan abbr="sũmo">summo</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in imo retineri, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ignarus, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> fœces ad <expan abbr="imũ">imum</expan> ſuapte natura prouolui; <lb></lb><expan abbr="valdeq́">valdeque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cœnosũ">cœnosum</expan> maris eſſe <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan>, <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> ex eo <expan abbr="cõuinci">conuinci</expan>, quae hiſtorię de Oceano exteriore <expan abbr="teſtant̃">teſtantur</expan>, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> locus, <lb></lb>ſi vllus <expan abbr="vſquã">vſquam</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> proprius eſt, <expan abbr="oīumq́">omniumque</expan>. </s> <s>humiliſsimus, ſed <expan abbr="amarorẽ">amarorem</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> à terrę copia <lb></lb>proficiſci puto; verùm ab <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan>, <expan abbr="quãta">quanta</expan> <expan abbr="quãta">quanta</expan> ibi eſt, exuſtione <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fit à ſole, vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> leuitas aliqua <expan abbr="propagat̃">propagatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò & hîc quęrendi locus datur, & dubitandi rurſus contra ea quæ dicta ſunt propterea quòd <lb></lb><expan abbr="argẽtum">argentum</expan> fuſile multas aëris partes habet, ſigno illud eſt, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan>, vbi primùm vim caloris experitur, <lb></lb>ad orificia vaſis aſcendit, & in vaporem quendam è veſtigio tollitur, & tamen eſt grauiſsimum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus, ſi corpuſcula enatant quę carent ſenſili pondere; merguntur autem ea quorum eſt pondus <pb pagenum="497"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3032"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inſigne; cur puluis pumicis mergitur, pumex <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> enatat? </s> <s>At verò quantum de primo eſt; cùm ele<lb></lb>menti victoria in mixto duplex ſit, altera quidem quæ materiæ refertur accepta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ per <lb></lb><expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> incuſſa eſt, nihil interdum prohibet, id quod eſt per <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, vim materiæ ſuperare: ſic ar<lb></lb>gentum fuſile eſt aëreum propter materiam. </s> <s>atqui <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> à maximo frigore; licet non adhuc aëreus <lb></lb>humor in aqueum ſit conuerſus, ob hanc <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> maximè <expan abbr="cõdenſatum">condenſatum</expan> eſt, & idcirco grauiſsimum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque id tibi admirabile videri debet, ſi noſti, quemadmodum è nube & vapore fiant ſuperius nix, <lb></lb>hîc verò pruina: quibus <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> frigus incutitur, nec <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in aquam conuerſa prius fuerunt. </s> <s>Alterius <lb></lb>verò <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> talis reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſi ſpectetur materia pumicis, ea maximè ſicca eſt & valde terreſtris. <lb></lb></s> <s>quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſub minima mole <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan> habet grauitatem: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuperat aquę <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan>, ipſam <expan abbr="premẽs">premens</expan> <lb></lb>ac diuidens: verùm quia totus ſpumoſus eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poroſus: ex hoc <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt totus propter aërem in<lb></lb>cluſum in aqua mergi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit, & <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ille <expan abbr="cõſeruatur">conſeruatur</expan>; ſicuti <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de ligno <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt quae propter aërem <lb></lb>ſic enatat, vt ſummum pondus ſuſtinere valeat eorum quoque quę per ſeipſa. </s> <s>merguntur in aquis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3022"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3023"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3024"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3025"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3026"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3027"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3028"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3029"></margin.target>a Lect. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>inceſ. an. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3030"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3031"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3032"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Docetur, vt eadem ſit ratio totius & partis in motibus naturalibus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TALIS igitur eſt elementorum natura, vt in ſua loca <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> ferantur, & ad eorum loca mixta <lb></lb>illa in quibus abundant, niſi aliquod accidens <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> propenſiones immutet, atque perturbet. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3033"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> ſic moueri, eſt agi <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> verſus, cuius appetitu materia <expan abbr="ducit̃">ducitur</expan>, & ita ad illam tendit, vt eiuſ<lb></lb>modi progreſſus cauſſa præter ſuam vtriuſque naturam alia nulla reddi poſsit; quare ceſſat eorum <lb></lb>difficultas, quam in medio poſuit Alexander. </s> <s>Vt hæc in ſuum <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> locum ferantur quæ nondum <lb></lb>in ipſo fuerunt, neque ipſe illa continuit vnquam. </s> <s>Præterquamquòd <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> iure dici poſſunt <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> <lb></lb>in ſuum locum ferri, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> tota per ſe non mouentur, ſed partes ſolùm. </s> <s>at partes vbi <expan abbr="quieſcunt̃">quieſcuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>ibi cum toto continuantur, continua verò per ſe non ſunt in loco. </s> <s>Neque dicere potes illorum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe vniuerſitatem; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ad ſuum ipſius locum <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> ſecundùm naturam fertur, & ibi manet <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam, ab <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>per vim ſeparatur. </s> <s>atqui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſic ad vniuerſitates ſuas ea corpora <expan abbr="ferunt̃">feruntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi ferrentur ad ipſas, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> illę forent, mouerentur ad eas. </s> <s>Verùm ſi <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> eſſe fingamus, vbi <lb></lb>nunc Luna eſt, partes eius <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> non ferentur ad Lunam. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> motus in graui & leui ita eſt, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> generatio in materia. </s> <s>quare ſicut à nobis anteà dictum eſt, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ad eam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> perduci <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, & eius appetitu moueri, quod <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> poſteà <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="ſuaq́">ſuaque</expan>. </s> <s>forma eſt, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> ex hac materia <lb></lb>talis <expan abbr="excedit̃">exceditur</expan> quæ eius perfectio futura eſt. </s> <s>ita de loco, ſeu potius ipſo vbi <expan abbr="decernendũ">decernendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Locus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>hic ille eſt qui primus eſt vniuerſi terminus, ſiue ſimpliciter, vt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> & <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> quid, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3034"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt termini illi quibus <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> media <expan abbr="continent̃">continentur</expan> ad quos ſuopte impulſu <expan abbr="ferunt̃">feruntur</expan> ipſa, vt non aliò <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ferri poſsint, nec ob <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> cauſſam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan>, vt terminos illos <expan abbr="adipiſcant̃">adipiſcantur</expan>, ac ſiquid aliud ſit ad quod <lb></lb>ferri <expan abbr="videant̃">videantur</expan>, id <expan abbr="oīno">omnino</expan> per accidens eſt. </s> <s>vnde, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> terræ <expan abbr="mundiq́">mundique</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiecto <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſint, per ſe grauia <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan>, per accidens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> terræ <expan abbr="ferunt̃">feruntur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõplectitur">Complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="vnuſquiſq.">vnuſquiſque</expan> locus <expan abbr="elemẽtũ">elementum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> plurimas partes, quae in loco ſuo plurimas <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei partes eſt veriſimile eſt, ne fortè in na<lb></lb>tura plus ſit id quod p <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eſt, & pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod eſt <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & per ſe: in paucis <lb></lb>.n. ab ordine & recto natura ſolet aberrare. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>vnus <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>locus eſt <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> totius; licet <expan abbr="par-tiũ">par<lb></lb>tium</expan> beneficio totius, niſi fuerint à toto <expan abbr="ſeiũctę">ſeiunctę</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> loco proprio <expan abbr="potiunt̃">potiuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> eo qui <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> <lb></lb>4. Phyſ. deſcriptus eſt. </s> <s>ſed vnus <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> locus eſt totius tanquam vnius per quod partes <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>in loco. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex eo, quae in ſuo loco <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſt, partes ad <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> penitus eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> totius & <lb></lb>partis, quia <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> in loco per ſe eſt actu, partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>, & per <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, ac partes illę ſunt quę per ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> verò manet in ipſo, vt potius verùm ſit dicere, ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> locum partes moueri, in <lb></lb>quo <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ipſum eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> totum <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> & partes. </s> <s>Neque obſtat, ſi partes ſolæ per ſe <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per ſe mouetur habet terminum ſuum per ſe, qui locus eſt in latione, ergo & partium pro<lb></lb>prius quidam locus eſt, non igitur <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim locus accipitur definitiuè, vt aiunt, qui aptatur <lb></lb>eius magnitudini quod eſt in loco, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſumitur 4. Phyſ. vel vt eſt vbi & habet certam facultatem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3035"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſilem in toto hoc ſpatio quod eſt inter <expan abbr="circunferentiã">circunferentiam</expan> & centrum. </s> <s>Dico igitur hic haberi <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>ipſius vbi præcipuè, & hoc eſſe ſatis ad id, vt per ſe mobili conueniat locus quidam per ſe, qui .ſ. </s> <s>eius <lb></lb>naturæ conueniat, quæ cùm ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> in toto & parte etiam efficitur vt eodem loco potiantur partes <lb></lb>& totum. </s> <s>alter ille locus non neceſſarius eſt, tametſi ex euento, id eſt, vt partes eo careant, quia con<lb></lb>tingit, vt partes ibi cum toto <expan abbr="cõtinuentur">continuentur</expan>, & ita ſint in loco in potentia. </s> <s>Et ſi non me latet plures ma<lb></lb>chinas afferri quibus ea propoſitio generatim defendatur. </s> <s>Eodem feruntur totum & partes, quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>vis eius latius multò patere <expan abbr="cenſeat̃">cenſeatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eãdem">Eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> totius & partis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> inter alios Simplicius <lb></lb>haſce <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan> in medio ponat. </s> <s>De motu dicens <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> ſpectari, vel <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="exercet̃">exercetur</expan>, vel quo ad <expan abbr="propenſio-nẽ">propenſio<lb></lb>nem</expan> mobilis quæ ab appetitu loci <expan abbr="proficiſcit̃">proficiſcitur</expan>, in <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> peruenire cupit. </s> <s>aut in quo eſt, quo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> fit, vt <lb></lb>vniuerſa terra <expan abbr="procliuitatẽ">procliuitatem</expan> habeat ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè quae <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> illò, ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> in ipſo ſit <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>externo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, & ab eo quod <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> natura ſeparato, quod eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> àc ſi <expan abbr="diceret̃">diceretur</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> & <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> in eo <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan>, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſſet extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ad <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="moueret̃">moueretur</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> & in ipſo manet, & eatenus ſecum <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõgruũt">congruunt</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> & partes, quatenus <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> ad <expan abbr="eũdẽ">eundem</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> excedet <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ibi <expan abbr="manẽdo">manendo</expan>, vbi eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> fonte permanat à quo & motus; propterea quae natura principium motus eſt & <lb></lb>quietis, ſed quietis in toto, & in ſuo loco; motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in partibus, dum extra ſuum locum morantur. <pb pagenum="498"></pb>At verò ſi partes <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> oriuntur & intereunt, totum verò perpetuò conſeruatur; quo pacto per <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3036"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>penſionem retinetur eadem ratio totius & partis? </s> <s>Experiamur igitur an expleat magis animum no<lb></lb>ſtrum altera ſolutio Simpliciana. </s> <s>Dicit ergo idem Simplicius de vniuerſitate elementorum diſtin<lb></lb>gui bifariam; primùm ſecundùm formam, vbi ſumitur totum, <foreign lang="grc">ὁλον</foreign> Græci vocant, in quo partes ip<lb></lb>ſæ cum toto ſunt vnum, deinde ſecundùm materiam, <foreign lang="grc">τὸ πᾶν</foreign> ijdem appellant, pro vt id quod per ſe <lb></lb>vnum eſt, in quaſdam partes diſtribuitur; monet Simplicius in hoc ſecundo ſignificato totum & <lb></lb>partes acceptas, eiuſdem eſſe rationis. </s> <s>inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">πᾶσαν καὶ ξύμπασαν γῆν</foreign> obtinere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eun<lb></lb>dem cum parte. </s> <s>Atqui parum momenti nobis illius vocis poteſtas afferre cenſebitur, quando etiam <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe non ſemel in eadem <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> exprimenda vocem illam adhibuerit, quæ vniuerſitatem ſignifi<lb></lb>cet, vt voluit Simplicius: inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <foreign lang="grc">εἰς τὸ αὑτὸ φέρεσται τὸ ὁλον καὶ τὰμερη</foreign>. </s> <s>Sed hoc demiſſo: nanque <lb></lb>non ſemper à ſerijs ſcriptorib. ſtatera verba, ſed lance ponderantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> abſurdum non eſt, totum & <lb></lb>partes in eodem eſſe loco? </s> <s>nam cùm pars ſit toto minor, locus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> locato æqualis; aut non erit idem <lb></lb>locus totius, aut æqualis erit locus totius loco partis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem minori æqualis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>te partes ac<lb></lb>cepturum puto omneis vnà; quæ cùm à toto non ſeparentur, eodem loco potiuntur, quo totum: <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <lb></lb>ſic manent <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> immobiles vt totum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item <expan abbr="quasq́">quasque</expan>. </s> <s>indefinitè, quae actus ſingulorum proprius eſt: <lb></lb>nam cùm mouendę ſunt partes, iam hanc aut illam eſſe oportet quæ excipiat motum, & tum inci<lb></lb>dunt eędem difficultates. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà, ſi terra foret in ſphæra Lunæ; pars ad eam ferri deberet. </s> <s>E<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3037"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quidem & ſi verum priorem illum quem ego dixi, ſenſum eius propoſitionis arbitror; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſi genera<lb></lb>tim ea defendenda ſit, has conditiones adhibendas puto, quòd cùm totum ſit, vel difforme, vel vni<lb></lb>formę, illud quidem quod <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> partes alterius rationis à toto, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod habet partes eiuſdem eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ rurſus illud, vel quod eſſentia partium cauſſa formæ ſit alia, vel cauſſa figuræ, vt cor. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ve<lb></lb>rò conſiderari queant ſecundùm formam & ſecundùm materiam: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> attributa, cum ea quæ reſpi<lb></lb>ciunt locum, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alia poſsint ineſſe ſecundùm, & pręter naturam, & eadem vel ad ſpeciem, vel ad <lb></lb>numerum, quòd in totis vniformib. ſiue difformib. ſecundùm <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> tantùm, propoſitio veritatem <lb></lb>conſequatur, ſi ſumantur materialiter, & partes à toto ſegregentur, <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> attributa quæ natura in <lb></lb>ſunt, ad ſpeciem quidem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> eadem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & ſi locus terræ eſt mundi medium, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>vnum eſt; cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> indiuiduo non conſiſtat totus in plura loca quę numero diſiungantur, ſcindi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>ſicut & tota terra in multas partes, ſed quod actu natura præſtat in partib. corporum, in loco ipſo <lb></lb>vix præſtare videtur, vt potius cogitatione ſeparentur, & vt ferunt, per deſignationem, quae partes <expan abbr="cõ-mutantur">con<lb></lb>mutantur</expan>, locus manet immobilis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> potius vnus numero locus eſſe videtur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſpecie, vt nos an<lb></lb>tè conſtituimus. </s> <s>Sed noſſe licèt immobile prorſus eſſe ipſum vbi, vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt de ipſo, quando natu<lb></lb>ra tantum de ipſo tribuit, <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> de forma, non videatur eſſe alium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> facere, ſed eum qui alterius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3038"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerat corporis, huic aſsignare. </s> <s>Quòd ſi locum definitiuè ſumpſeris, & locus ipſe exiſtimabitur cum <lb></lb>corpore mobili immutari, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> non modo locus iſte in terminis ipſius ſpatij poſitus eſt, ſed in habi<lb></lb>tudine ad corpus quod in eo <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan>: idcirco variata habitudine locus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> variatur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> partim <lb></lb>eſt idem, partim diuerſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem intrinſecè, & ſecundùm materiam, diuerſus extrinſecè, & <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> rationem. </s> <s>Proptereà ſpecies & indiuiduum ſic in loco ſunt accipienda, ſicut in tota aqua & par<lb></lb>tibus eius. </s> <s>Quamobrem vbi ſtatuit Ariſt. 1. de cęlo, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eundem eſſe locum ad numerum totius & par<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3039"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis, reſpexiſſe videtur id quod illi ineſt intrinſecùs, externum verò neglexiſſe, & notaſſe potius ip<lb></lb>ſum vbi, quàm loci definitiuè ſumpti rationem habere voluiſſe.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3033"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3034"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3035"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3036"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3037"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3038"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3039"></margin.target>a T. 82.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm grauitas & leuitas ſint formæ quæ compleant ſubſtantiam corporum <lb></lb>ſimplicium, an non. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NON videtur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alienum ab eius inſtituto qui de cauſsis agit motus naturalis, exponere & id, <lb></lb>qua .ſ. </s> <s>ratione graue moueatur, quatenus tale: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi per formam aliquid moueri dicitur, vt <lb></lb>quoniam animal per animam & ſponte agitari, & fieri cadauer: at non minus per albedinem diſgre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3040"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gat viſum, & fit nigrum: quare cùm id per quod tranſmutatur, ſit forma prædicamenti illius ſecun<lb></lb>dum quod ita mouetur, ſiue ſubſtantia ſit, ſiue accidens: cùm ſimplicia corpora moueantur per gra<lb></lb>uitatem, profectò quærendi in ſtat occaſio, vtrum'ne per ipſam tanquam per ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, mo<lb></lb>ueantur, an potius tanquam per facultatem aliquam externam, & conſequentem. </s> <s>& quanuis id vi<lb></lb>deatur notare poteſtatem ad vbi quod eſt accidens, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>& illam eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> accidens; quandò in <lb></lb>idem prædicamentum poteſtatem referri oporteat in quo ipſe actus exiſtit; at difficultatem parit, <expan abbr="quaenõ">quae <lb></lb>non</expan> apparet eſſe eadem ratio in aliis poteſtatib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in graui & leui, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> in poteſtate ipſius vbi. <lb></lb></s> <s>quandoquidem, & ſi mutationes ſecundùm alia prædicamenta ſunt naturales <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>materiam: at <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> pertinet ad formam non eſt, quae credamus eam quæ ſubſtantiæ forma eſt, in illis habere momen<lb></lb>tum, aut non ſimpliciter. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accidentia <expan abbr="pleraq.">pleraque</expan> in ſingularib. quæ materiam quidem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> for<lb></lb>mam conſequuntur: ideò, quanuis detur earum mutationum principium eſſe materiam; non idcir<lb></lb>co illarum principium erit forma: ſed in latione contrà ſe res habet; quia materia ſolùm, ſed forma <lb></lb>cauſſa eſt talis motus. </s> <s>quae <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> talem habet formam, ideò ſurſum mouetur, & dictum eſt, generans, cùm <lb></lb>dat formam, dare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motum, quoniam deriuatur à forma. </s> <s>quae ſi forma principium eſt per quod <expan abbr="ſecũ-">ſecun<lb></lb></expan> <pb pagenum="499"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3041"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dùm locum mouentur inanima; per grauitatem verò & leuitatem ita concitantur: quid obſtat quę<lb></lb>ſo, quominus perſuadeamur grauitatem & leuitatem inanimorum complere ſubſtantias? </s> <s>Huc acce<lb></lb>dit, quòd naturæ definitio per initium motus, tum materiæ, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> formæ, licet analogicè <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> eſt. </s> <s>at <lb></lb>ſic definitur natura per motum qui eſt ſecundùm locum; ergo talis motus initium erunt neceſſariò <lb></lb>materia & forma. </s> <s>quare ſic licebit concludere argumentum à definitione ad definitum. </s> <s>Lationis ini<lb></lb>tia ſunt natura <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem vt materia & forma. </s> <s>Grauitas & leuitas ſunt initia lationis. </s> <s>ergo <lb></lb>ſunt natura. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt materia; <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> materia: quà materia, <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe actu nihil eſt, grauitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & leuitas ali<lb></lb>quid actu ſunt, vt forma igitur. </s> <s>Nam licet graui & leui, vt ſupra dictum eſt, notetur poteſtas ad lo<lb></lb>cum: at aliquid per ſe ipſa ſunt actu, & differentiæ corporum ſenſilium, Ideò teſtabatur Auerroes <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3042"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtot. 1 de cęlo deſcribere graue & leue, non ſanè vt accidens, ſed vt ſubſtantiam, ideſt vt prin<lb></lb>cipium motus, & vt formam grauitatem habentis, aut leuitatem: quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> docet <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ariſt. </s> <s>agere in po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3043"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtremis libris de cęlo de graui & leui, quatenus elementorum initia ſunt: contemplabatur, n. </s> <s>inquit, <lb></lb>ibi Ariſt. </s> <s>eſſentiam elementorum. </s> <s>atqui hæc ſine formæ notitia cognoſci nequit. </s> <s>idcirco ſi notitia gra<lb></lb>uitatis & lenitatis aperit nobis elementorum eſſentiam, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> dicemus & hanc eſſe elementorum na<lb></lb>turam & formam. </s> <s>Ex altera parte ſubſtantia per ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cadit in ſenſum: grauitas & leuitas per ſe ſen<lb></lb>tiuntur, tactui <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubiici compertum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Deinde ſubſtantia non habet plus, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3044"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minus, graue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & leue intenduntur & remittuntur. </s> <s>Tertiò eſto. </s> <s>quae grauitas & leuitas eſſent contra<lb></lb>ria: at graue & leue non ob id eſſent contraria: nam ſubſtantiæ compoſitæ nil eſſe contrarium anteà <lb></lb>conſtituimus. </s> <s>neceſſe verò eſt graue & leue, quatenus huiuſmodi, ſi grauitas & leuitas ſunt in prædi<lb></lb>camento ſubſtantiæ, eſſe ſubſtantias. </s> <s>atqui graue & leue contraria ſunt: huius ſignum, quia plus & <lb></lb>minus accipiunt. </s> <s>etenim inter ſe comitantur hæc, <expan abbr="ſibiq.">ſibique</expan> perpetuò ſunt affixa, vt <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> prędicamen<lb></lb>tum ſi ex iis vnum admiſerit, alterum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> receperit & contra ſi vnum repudiauerit; reſpuat item <lb></lb>alterum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſeu prorſus, ſiue aliqua ex parte, vt ſemper eundem tenorem <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> obſeruare vi<lb></lb>deantur. </s> <s>non ergo ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Valent hæc fortaſſe multum. </s> <s>ſed illud apud me plurimum poteſt. </s> <s>Id <lb></lb>per quod primò aliquid inducitur in materiam eſt forma: at verò prius incaleſcit quàm aſcendat, <lb></lb>& prius refrigeratur, quàm agatur deorſum. </s> <s>ergo per calidum & frigidum prius ineſſe videntur gra<lb></lb>ue & leue in materia, quamobrem aut iſtæ ſubſtantiæ ſunt, aut ad ſubſtantiam magis accedunt. </s> <s>Hîc <lb></lb>video te duplicem machinam excogitare pro Auerroe poſſe: aut quae per hæc ſubſtantia ipſa <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <lb></lb>deſcribatur, quod fieri permittitur, ſiquando lateant, vt ſæpe fit, vltimæ rerum differentiæ: aut ſecun<lb></lb>dò, quae calor & frigus non ſint tanquam formæ; quia grauitas & leuitas ipſa conſequantur, ſed velu<lb></lb>ti affectiones quæ materiam ad grauitatem <expan abbr="leuitatemq́">leuitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>accipiendam perducant. </s> <s>Quantum de pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3045"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma ſententia eſt, hæc facilè recipietur à nobis. </s> <s>quòd grauitas & leuitas, quia ſubſtantiam circumſcri<lb></lb>bant, ſubſtantiæ non ſint: ſed tamen ipſi videant quàm pulchrè Auerrois dicta defendantur: quia <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>2. de <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> credens has eſſe ſubſtantias, eas per ſe ſenſiles eſſe inconſtantiſsimè negauit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Verùm quae ca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3046"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lor & frigus non ſint, vt præuiæ affectiones ad grauitatem & leuitatem, perſuaderi generatim poteſt <lb></lb>hoc pacto. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> affectiones poſtea conſequuntur formam cui præceſſerunt, & cum ipſa manent, tan<lb></lb>quam ab ea pendentes, vt à quodam genere cauſſæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab illo, vt formæ potiſsimum; nempe <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> <lb></lb>inſtrumenta: at caliditas & frigiditas, in nullo genere cauſſæ à grauitate leuitateúe pendent: quando<lb></lb>quidem aut ab ipſa penderent in genere cauſſæ efficientis, aut formæ, non ſanè efficientis; quandò <lb></lb>cęlum eas efficere aut lumine & motu, aut eorundem abſentia manifeſtum eſt; nec vt à forma, quo<lb></lb>niam per formam ineſt id quod conſequitur formam: ergo aliquid eſſet frigidum, quia graue; quod <lb></lb>neſcio planè concedatúe quiſpiam vel parùm in naturali philoſophia verſatus, quin id potius dabit <lb></lb>hoc eſſe graue, quia frigidum. </s> <s>Rurſus quorum inſtrumenta vim effectricem præferunt, formæ item <lb></lb>huiuſmodi ſint oportet. </s> <s>At ſi primæ dictæ qualitates à grauitate & illi oppoſita leuitate naſcuntur: <lb></lb>cùm ipſa ſic aliud eſſe nequeant, ac inſtrumenta: nam talem <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> habent accidentia ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, <lb></lb>grauitas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & leuitas efficiendi vi polleant neceſſe eſt: atqui nullam habent hæc efficiendi <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3047"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Non igitur earum inſtrumenta ſunt primæ qualitates: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ex illis, vt ex forma pende<lb></lb>bunt. </s> <s>Sed quid deſideramus quod clarius eſſe valeat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſo pronuntiatum eſt; <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3048"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eas initiorum genere illo excludi, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> elementa conſtitui docebat; quia nec agendi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> patiendi <lb></lb>facultate ſint præditæ? </s> <s>Idcirco putarem ego graue & leue per ſe conſiderata ſignificare poteſtatem, <lb></lb>quæ referenda ſit ad prædicamentum ipſius vbi (vt in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> prædicamento proprius eſt actus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>poteſtas) <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> perficiatur per actum illum qui eſt eſſe alicubi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eam conſequi <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quæ reſpiciat <lb></lb>elementi ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa ſit: nam de hac ipſa ſuo loco plura dicemus, & quoniam eſt po<lb></lb>tentia proxima, per quam & mouetur <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & manet in ſuo loco, ideò prin<lb></lb>cipiis motus internis adnumerari: <expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan> ea non eſt natura: quia natura eſt principium primum <lb></lb>motus à quo cæteræ facultates & actus pendent, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> cauſſæ ſecundæ & inſtrumenta. </s> <s>Proptereà re<lb></lb>ſpondetur ad id. </s> <s>Grauitas & leuitas ſunt principia per quæ mouetur inanimum, at principium per <lb></lb>quod forma eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> continet hoc <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> conſequens, quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt for<lb></lb>ma, eſt id per quod mouetur, ſed non contrà, quicquid per quod mouetur, eſt forma: nam mouetur <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan> per motum & per aliquid notat <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> inſtrumenti, & eam <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> formalem vocant, vn<lb></lb>de nuncupatio ſumitur, veluti quae albus ſit per albedinem: & per aliquid primò, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eſt forma. <pb pagenum="100"></pb>Præſefert etiam ea vox ſpecimen efficientis 2. de An. T. 37. Et quanuis natura definiatur latione, non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3049"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ob id ſequitur, cùm ſit eiuſmodi grauitas, vt per eam latio fiat; ipſam eſſe naturam; ſed à natura pro<lb></lb>ficiſcitur latio per grauitatem. </s> <s>Aures hîc forte arriges, & vereberis; ne <expan abbr="mecũ">mecum</expan> ipſe turpiſsimè pugnem <lb></lb>qui ſæpius antè & contra illos potiſsimè qui naturam mouendo graui & leui vti defendebant; hos <lb></lb>eo nomine confutauerim, quae rueret definitio naturæ: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illa principium motus primum, per ſe: re<lb></lb>ſpuit omne inſtrumentum, nunc ego ipſe ſuppeditem naturæ inſtrumentum, & illud ipſum quod il<lb></lb>li quondam eripuerim: Scire igitur licet generans dare <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & conſequentia; ex horum numero <lb></lb>ſunt grauitas & leuitas, vnde motus & alicubi; ſunt verò illa elementa motus & alicubi, &, vt dici <lb></lb>conſueuit, eorum formalia principia. </s> <s>Quapropter efficere motum eſt hæc ipſa efficere, non vti gra<lb></lb>uitate vt inſtrumento. </s> <s>Proportione igitur forma, vt in ſuo genere efficiendi non vtitur grauitate, vt <lb></lb>medio, ſed ſicut eſt auctor motus; ſic eſt auctor eius <expan abbr="primordiorũ">primordiorum</expan>, ex ea <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pernaſcitur motus, quae eius <lb></lb>initia formam conſequuntur, nec aliter àc ſiquis efficiat hominem, vel album; eſt verò homo per ho<lb></lb>minis formam, & hoc album per albedinem; non idcirco vtitur inſtrumentis, ſed ita facit <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, <lb></lb>vel album; quae illud eſt hominem eſſe, & album. </s> <s>Sic igitur natura facit morum; quia illud eſt eſſe mo<lb></lb>tum, non autem adhibet inſtrumenta. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſſet in hoc decreto cuipiam ſuſpicionem phi<lb></lb>loſophi progreſſus afferre. </s> <s>Etenim ſi grauitas & leuitas non ſunt formæ, ſed aliæ quędam facultates, <lb></lb>& verè formæ caliditas & frigiditas; cur potius elementorum natura non ab illis, ſed à grauitate & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3050"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>leuitate petenda fuit? </s> <s>An quae facultates motrices beneficio motus quem ipſæ reſpiciunt, ſunt notio<lb></lb>res, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> affectrices & alteratrices; tametſi per ſe ſubſtantia terminantur. </s> <s>An potius quae ea quæ <expan abbr="pertinẽt">pertinent</expan> <lb></lb>ad lationem, ſunt propria magis <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan>, quatenus eſt corpus quoddam ſimplex: quæ verò ad alte<lb></lb>rationem, non modò conſtituunt elementum; verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> referuntur ad mixta, quorum doctrina, cum <lb></lb>illi quæ ſimplicium eſt, ordine doctrinæ ſuccedat; non tam pro rerum natura; quàm pro methodi <lb></lb>ratione, ſimplicia per facultates motrices graue & leue; mixtorum verò principia per primas quali<lb></lb>tates deſcripta fuerint. </s> <s>Quocirca graue & leue alterationis initij excluſa: agere <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & pati propriè <lb></lb>qualitatem reſpiciunt, cuius eſt alteratio, & ad quam pertinet mixtura: quandò etiam grauis & le<lb></lb>uis eſt agere ſimpliciter, cùm opprimant medium, propellant, & diuidant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3040"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3041"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3042"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3043"></margin.target>b 4 de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3044"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3045"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3046"></margin.target>c c. </s> <s>de ta<lb></lb>ctu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3047"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3048"></margin.target>d 2. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3049"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3050"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Accuratius eſſentia grauitatis <expan abbr="leuitatisq́ue">leuitatisque</expan> conquiritur. </s> <s>Caput XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI graue ſignificat id quod poteſt, planum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt grauitatem eſſe poteſtatem. </s> <s>Si poteſtas qua<lb></lb>litas; ergo & grauitas itidem qualitas habenda erit. </s> <s>Sed nihil minus apud Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae lib. 4. de cęlo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3051"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>graue numerarit in iis quæ ſunt ad aliquid. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> 5. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> grauitatem collocauit in genere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3052"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3053"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃titatis">quantitatis</expan>, vt nulla maior leuitas in grauitatis natura exprimenda ſpectetur. </s> <s>Quapropter maius quid <lb></lb>eſt explicare quid ſit grauitas, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quiuis fortaſſe cenſuerit. </s> <s>Quocirca ſi fortè de illius eſſentia diſſeren<lb></lb>tes minus id quod habemus in animo, conſequamur; venia digni erimus; aliquid modò conſideran<lb></lb>dum in medio proponamus. </s> <s>Et quantium pertinet ad primum caput quo qualitas ex eo <expan abbr="conſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan>, <lb></lb>quae ſit poteſtas; illo accepto de quo ſequentib. libris exponetur, poteſtatem, ſi generatim ſumatur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe qualitatem, niſi ex figura dictionis: reuera autem ad ſubſtantiam referri poſſe, vel ad aliud præ<lb></lb>dicamentum, prout ſignificat eius initia quod eſt actu, vel ea ſint agendi, vel patiendi quæ vel ad for<lb></lb>mam & materiam referuntur, quatenus ſunt principia ſubſtantiæ, vel vt cæterorum prædicamento<lb></lb>rum principia ſunt analogicè: nos in iis initiis grauitatem & leuitatem enumerabimus. </s> <s>Sed cùm po<lb></lb>tentia determinetur actu, grauitatis autem actus ſit eſſe in loco, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in illo quidem, vt in eo res exi<lb></lb>ſtit ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecundùm naturam contendit, non eo certe nomine, quatenus eſt <expan abbr="quã-titas">quan<lb></lb>titas</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cęteroqui locus ſit ſpecies quanti, ſed in genere ipſius alicubi conſtituendas eſſe profitemur, <lb></lb>quae præter quantitatem & extentionem notat habitudinem ad corporeas facultates, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>naturales per certa ſpatia ſeipſæ tuentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> grauitas eſt poteſtas in eo prædicamento, <expan abbr="veruntamẽ">veruntamen</expan> <lb></lb>non ita poteſtas ſimpliciter, quin aliquid actu exiſtat. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>vt materia ſola, ſed vt forma, ſiquidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3054"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> principia ab Ariſt. </s> <s>nomine poteſtatis exprimuntur 9. Met. illa quidem patiendi, hæc verò effi<lb></lb>ciendi, à grauitate verò aliquid efficitur. </s> <s>etenim habet vim, ſi non afficiendi, at pellendi, premendi, & <lb></lb>diuidendi medium per quod fertur, quæ cuncta ab actu deriuantur quem ſubſtantiæ & formæ tri<lb></lb>buimus. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> graue per ſeipſum, cùm ſit poteſtas ordinata ad actum; veriſimile <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, ne mol<lb></lb>lius euidentem rem vocans dixerim neceſſarium, vt actus ſecundus, ſeu functio ad idem <expan abbr="prędicamẽ-tum">prędicamen<lb></lb>tum</expan> pari ratione pertineat. </s> <s>ea verò, dum gignitur elementum, quoad à gignente præſtatur, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ge<lb></lb>nitum fuerit, quoad patitur impediens; & vbi in ſuum locum peruenerit, ex ſua ipſius natura, hîc <lb></lb>quies, ibi motus. </s> <s>& <foreign lang="grc">ῥοπὴ</foreign> generaliter. </s> <s>Eius principia duo ſunt, materiæ multitudo, & perfectio for<lb></lb>mę. </s> <s>hoc familiarius, illud magis alienum: plus ponderis habet illud in aëre, ſed hoc vlterius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> per<lb></lb>ducit. </s> <s>Materiæ multitudo facit, vt lignum velocius in aëre deſcendat: ſed certè nihilo plus <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>ad aquæ <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> deducere, quae nihilò plus formæ perfectio poſsit efficere. </s> <s>materiæ multitudo fert <lb></lb>plumbum ſexcuplo minus ſerius per aërem; ſed formæ perfectio mergit in aquis. </s> <s>Ea grauitas, quæ <lb></lb>multitudinem materiæ ſequitur, vt mea fert opinio, nomine ponderis indicari poſſe videtur: quia <lb></lb><expan abbr="pẽſioni">penſioni</expan> ſubiiciatur, & eius certa notitia poſsit haberi: & cuius ſimulachrum ſenſile queat eſſe, vt as, <pb pagenum="401"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3055"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vncia & talentum. </s> <s>quòd non quo ſuaptè natura contendat, exquiritur, ſed illud ſolùm, quae plus in eo<lb></lb>dem loco poſsit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id in aëre, in quo pondus obtinent vniuerſa generatim præter ignim, ſiue id <lb></lb>ſuos motus aqua finiat, ſiue ad centrum mundi perueniat, nihil refert. </s> <s>& in grauitate maximè obſer<lb></lb>uatur, quae hæc ad nos ſpecimen habeat habitus, leuitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> priuationis, nec niſi cum collatione cogno<lb></lb>ſcatur. </s> <s>Hoc igitur, quod dicimus pondus cuius index eſt trutina, inſidet in grauitate, vt dictum eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita inhæret, vt ſine ea, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſuo fundamento, conſiſtere nequeat: ſed cùm præter facultatem ali<lb></lb>quid actus apportet: hic verò plurib. de cauſsis variari <expan abbr="queat̃">queatur</expan>, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>à plurib. cauſsis ortum ducat: <lb></lb>alias item animaduerſiones vltra ipſam naturam, vnde proximè pendet grauitas, à nob. </s> <s>requirere vi<lb></lb>detur. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dictum eſt, pondus in multitudine materię poſitum eſt, nil reſpicit adeptionem propriæ <lb></lb>ſedis, ſiquidem hoc à forma proficiſcatur. </s> <s>Pondus non idem eſt totius & partium: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non <lb></lb>apparet in diuerſis eiuſdem corporis partib. & grauius iudicatur impoſitum dextræ, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſiniſtræ, <expan abbr="idẽq́">idenque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>plus laboris affert, ſi manu, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi humero geratur, & mulieres ceruice <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> humero minus onera ſen<lb></lb>tiunt: ob id enſis capulum fit grauius, vt eius pondus imminuat: arma militi Romano pro mem<lb></lb>bris habebantur, mihi maximum onus eſt tunica. </s> <s>Exiſtimo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in natura ponderis explicanda ſic <lb></lb>homines fuiſſe progreſſos, vt in cæteris extitit mos perpetuus. </s> <s>Etenim ſic res ipſas tractarunt, vt hu<lb></lb>manis vſib. inſeruirent, <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>nob. </s> <s>facilè noteſcerent: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> à notiorib. auſpicatos illorum auxilio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3056"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reliqua perquiſiuiſſe quæ forent obſcura, in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>omnem collocaſſe induſtriam, vt alijs aperiri poſ<lb></lb>ſent. </s> <s>Sic rerum menſuras excogitatas & cęteris ſignificatas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad omne corporum genus applica<lb></lb>tas. </s> <s>Proinde cùm idem ſimplicius & notius natura ſit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> diuerſa: cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> naturæ grauitates, vt nos an<lb></lb>teà conſtituimus, non expondere, ſed pretio & virtute examinentur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſenſu ſolo, ſed acumine <lb></lb>rationis exquirantur, credibile eſt de eiuſdem rei pondere <expan abbr="cõtrouerſiam">controuerſiam</expan> cum primis extitiſſe, & fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe ad humanos vſus expeditam, quæ ſeſe ſenſui prodat, hæc cùm materiæ ſolam extentionem, ſeu <lb></lb>multitudinem reſpiciat: inde verò quantitas ortum habeat, ob eam cauſſam referat in primis quan<lb></lb>titatem, vnde plus & minus accipiatur: mox ad diuerſa fuiſſe tralatam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> pondera compenſata <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>virtutib. quæ item quia plus & minus admittunt: vbi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc, ibi diuiſio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi diuiſio, ibi item ra<lb></lb>tio menſuræ, ea verò omnia quantitatis ratio conſequatur: <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> virtus quantitati obnoxia facta eſt. </s> <s>Ita<lb></lb>que in pondere quantitatem credimus in primis, tùm deinde habitudinem contineri. </s> <s>Accedit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quae <lb></lb>certa ratio ponderis non ex vnius rei propenſione, ſed ex alterius contra penſione iudicatur: quapro<lb></lb>pter hoc officium Græcis nomine <foreign lang="grc">ισυῤῥοπίας</foreign>, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">αντιῤῥοπίας</foreign>, hoc eſt, æquilibrij placuit exprime<lb></lb>re: ea verò nil eſt aliud, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſpecies habitudinis. </s> <s>Quocirca iure optimo facultati conſequendi <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in<lb></lb>feriorem quæ præcipuè pendet ex materiæ multitudine, & grauitas, ſeu rectius dicitur, pondus, acce<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3057"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>det collatio, quæ eſt habitudo inter contrapendentia, quatenus in iis eſt plus & minus. </s> <s>differens à <lb></lb>grauitate quæ eſt facultas naturalis, quae ipſi addat habitudinem quandam quæ extentione, & quanti<lb></lb>tate fundetur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò plus & minus varijs modis accipi queunt, & ex rerum ipſarum natu<lb></lb>ra, & ad nos, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnino ad ea quæ pondera ſuſtinent. </s> <s>in pondere plus & minus attendere opor<lb></lb>tet, qua talia ſunt in natura, non ad nos, cuiuſmodi illa erant, quę ex ratione poſituræ differentiam <lb></lb>quandam in ſuſtinentib. faciebant, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nuper expoſuimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> horum collatio fit in aëris loco. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc igitur modo tueri poſſumus, pondus & grauitatem eſſe primùm facultates naturales, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>qua ſunt poteſtates, reponere illas in ſecunda ſpecie qualitatis pro figura dictionis: & pro ratione eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ, cum quiete & loco terminentur, eas in prædicamento ipſius vbi collocare quemadmodum <lb></lb>8. Phyſ. & 4. de cælo factum fuiſſe arbitror. </s> <s>& eaſdem numerare in quantis, vt 5. Met. quia per quan<lb></lb>titatem noteſcant & illi affixæ ſint, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ex materiæ multitudine naſcantur: & quia noſcuntur ex plu<lb></lb>rium collatione & æqualitate & inæqualitate contrapendentium, ad aliquid habeantur. </s> <s>vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> 4. de <lb></lb>cęlo pronuntiatum eſt. </s> <s>Quanuis exiſtimari poſsit Ariſt. </s> <s>ibi de pondere verba feciſſe, quatenus eſt fa<lb></lb>cultas ſolummodò naturalis: cuius beneficio, quædam in aqua pondus habent; alia verò nequa<lb></lb>quam: ſed nos ea facultate mentis ope ſegregata, rationem inæqualitatis in aëre ſpectamus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3058"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3051"></margin.target>a T. 27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3052"></margin.target>b T. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3053"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3054"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3055"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3056"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3057"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3058"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum grauitas & leuitas cadant in ſenſum. </s> <s>Caput XXXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NVNC illud vnum reſtat explorandum de grauitate & leuitate: an ſint ſenſiles qualitates, & <lb></lb>quemadmodum moueant ſenſum. </s> <s>Exiſtimauerit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quiſpiam eas non eſſe qualitates tactiles: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illa conditio qualitatum tactilium conſtituitur, quae non egeant extrinſeco medio ad id, vt ſen<lb></lb>ſum mutare valeant. </s> <s>Cùm igitur graue & leue ſine medio intercedente non afficiant ſenſum, quin<lb></lb>immo nullum obeant munus: ideò non immutant tactum, aut certè, ſi immutant, dicendum erit <lb></lb>qualitates tactiles vniuocè non eſſe. </s> <s>Medium verò ad illarum actionem eſſe neceſſarium, ex his quę <lb></lb>dicta ſunt aliàs, compertum eſt: nam grauitas & leuitas inſunt in corporib. cum quodam ſenſu, vbi <lb></lb>fuerint extra propria loca: in proprijs <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> locis, aut ſaltem in primis illis, vbi ceſſet omnis motus ab<lb></lb>ſolutè, & nil aliud, quàm propenſio ſuperſit, in hoc munere ceſſat omnis actio grauitatis. </s> <s>Prætereà, <lb></lb>quoniam in lance pondus experimur per funiculum, aut aliquod aliud medium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> minus ſenti<lb></lb>mus pondus, quod in humeris habemus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſaxum per funem attollentes. </s> <s>Auerroes, qui credidit has <lb></lb>eſſe ſubſtantias, vt nuper audiuimus, illas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe ſenſiles eſſe negauit. </s> <s>ſed, ſiquo modo ſentirentur, <pb pagenum="502"></pb>cum eſſe per accidens, vel vt indiuiduo, vtputa quae ſenſus eſſet ipſius grauis, aut per actus quoſdam <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3059"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſequẽtes">ſequentes</expan>. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quid de hac re <expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan> foret, & ex Ariſt. </s> <s>ſenſu paullò antè ſignificauimus, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>grauitas & leuitas, vel vt actus haberi poſsint, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reputentur habitus; & ſi concedimus eas, vt ha<lb></lb>bitus exiſtimandas eſſe ſubſtantias; at de actib. agimus, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> accidentis ratio non aduerſatur. </s> <s>Ideò <lb></lb>ſpectemus inſuper, quid alij dixerint, quos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> varia ſtatuiſſe <expan abbr="cõſpicimus">conſpicimus</expan>. </s> <s>Arbitrantur verò <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> gra<lb></lb>uitatem & leuitatem eſſe ſenſilia <expan abbr="cõia">conia</expan>; quaſi non ſolùm tactu, ſed alijs ſenſib. exiſtimentur. </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>pondus <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> ex magna ruina, <expan abbr="magnoq́">magnoque</expan>. </s> <s>fragore iudicatur. </s> <s>Cæterùm non ſemel Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in tactilib. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3060"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qualitatib. eas repoſuiſſe deprehenditur, & quae auditu, viſuúe percipitur, non aliter ſe habet, àc ſi mel <lb></lb>ex colore dulce reputetur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> deſcenſus ille eſt qui mouet aſpectum, & fragor ex impetu factus <lb></lb>pellit auditum; è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> per accidens de graui iudicium facimus, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex eiſdem comitantib. decipi <lb></lb>valeat; veluti ſi fulmen eodem impetu, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>fragore deiiciatur, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> leue eſt, & non niſi ma<lb></lb>xima vi detruditur: ipſa <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> grauitas non imprimit ſpeciem ſui, niſi contactui. </s> <s>erat <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> officium ſenſilis <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> imprimere ſpeciem & per ſe mouere complures ſenſus. </s> <s>Rurſus quod mouet, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſenſile <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan>, <lb></lb>non mouet ſine ſenſilib. proprijs quæ illo <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> determinantur: vt magnitudo mouet per colorem <expan abbr="q̃-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan>, & motus per album quod mouetur, & numerus per plura alba: at quod' nam ſenſile proprium <lb></lb>eſt per quod grauitas & leuitas tactum <expan abbr="cõmouere">commouere</expan> valeant? </s> <s>certè nullum aſsignabis. </s> <s>etenim fragor & <lb></lb>ruina per quæ <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> ſentiri profeſſus es nob. </s> <s>non obiiciunt grauitatem, ſed cum leuitate <expan abbr="cõueni-">conueni<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3061"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re queunt, nec determinantur. </s> <s>ipſis, vt idcirco reſonans cum graui, aut leui ſenſui neceſſariò ſubiicia<lb></lb>tur, quantum eſt de præſenti officio. </s> <s>Philoponus verò opinatus eſt eas non cadere in conſideratio<lb></lb>nem tactilium, quia non accidant, niſi elementis præter naturam affectis in quo ſtatu breui tempore <lb></lb>manent. </s> <s>At quid hoc & ad immutandi facultatem, & ad modum quo tactum immutant? </s> <s>quaſi ve<lb></lb>rò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus terræ ſurſum ſentiri queat, quia ſit illi præter naturam, nec ſemper ita moueatur. </s> <s>Præ<lb></lb>tereà reſtat, vt quæratur, an ſenſiles ſint nec ne, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicendum eſt eas non eſſe ſenſiles, id quod Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteli, <expan abbr="ſenſuiq́">ſenſuique</expan>. </s> <s>repugnat, aut exponendum, quemadmodum afficiant ſenſum. </s> <s>Hæc ex antiquioribus <lb></lb><expan abbr="occurrebãt">occurrebant</expan>, quæ animaduerſione digna viderentur. </s> <s>Sed dum ea tractaremus, in has iuniorum ſpecu<lb></lb>lationes incidimus, qui quidem aſſeuerarent pondus & leuitatem, non ſanè ſentientis facultatis eſſe <lb></lb>ſubiectum, ſed motricis, quae qualitates actuoſæ non eſſent, cuiuſmodi ſenſus obiecta eſſe volunt: & fa<lb></lb>cultas motrix ipſas agitando experiretur. </s> <s>tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia grauitas in deſcenſu percipitur, huius verò in<lb></lb>dex tactus non eſt, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tactus ſine aliorum <expan abbr="ſenſuũ">ſenſuum</expan> ſocietate qualitates eiuſmodi non at<lb></lb>tingat. </s> <s>Inſuper ſi orbus ab ortu pedib. pendére, & in manu ſaxum tenere fingatur, quia non verſus <lb></lb>pedes verget pondus, ſed verſus caput; lapis ille leuis eſſe putabitur, quia, dum ſtaret, graue illud <lb></lb>manum pedes verſus trahebat: & viciſsim ſiquid leue foret, quod manum pedes verſus raperet, id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3062"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> graue haberetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> grauitas & leuitas non tactrici, ſed motrici facultati ſubiiciuntur, facul<lb></lb>tas <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> motrix actuoſa eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> patibilis, vt ſentiens: proinde cùm vi careant agendi grauitas & leui<lb></lb>tas, ſenſum ciere non poterunt. </s> <s>Equidem niſi me talis viri exiſtimatio commoueret; nihil ad hæc pla<lb></lb>nè dicerem: ſed vti nunc eſt, ſi velim ſilentio prætermittere, aut temere videar ab ipſo diſceſsiſſe, aut <lb></lb>in lectionis animo ſcrupulum relinquere poſſem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quis audiuit <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> motricem ad <expan abbr="iudi-cãdum">iudi<lb></lb>candum</expan> habere momentum; ac <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> flagitare appetitum, qui à phantaſia & ſenſib. excitatur? </s> <s>Quis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>negate audebit, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>naturam, ſi cum diuerſis facultatib. <expan abbr="cõferatur">conferatur</expan>, agendi ſimul & patien<lb></lb>di vim habere poſſe? </s> <s>rubor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in facie ex præcedente affectione contrahitur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>mouet viſum; & <lb></lb>alia multa huiuſmodi ſunt. </s> <s>quid igitur vetat grauitatem excitare tactum, ac ſimul ſubiici facultati <lb></lb>motrici? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> vis agendi, qua ſenſum mouet, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> qualitati patibili denegatur, vt ſiccitati, ſiquidem a<lb></lb>liud ſit agere .i. </s> <s>alterare, & pellere ſenſum: & illud planè grauitati denegat Ariſt. </s> <s>ſed afficere ſenſum <lb></lb><expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> negauit. </s> <s>Cur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non id falſum eſt graue ex deſcenſu iudicari; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> leue, ſi non <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam <lb></lb>violentia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> deſcendere poteſt, & ex impreſſa vi opprimere & retrahere cupienti reſiſtere? </s> <s>quæ mo<lb></lb>tus initia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſenſum nullum faciant, ex motu remaneat incertus ſenſus, vtrùm graue, an leue ſit id <lb></lb>quod mouetur? </s> <s>& quanuis <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alijs ſenſilib. ſenſui ſeſe obiiciat: at quoniam & à ſolo tactu poteſt ap<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3063"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prehendi, vt, dum <expan abbr="attollit̃">attollitur</expan>, quae opprimit & trahit, aut pellit ad centrum, ſufficit id ad ſtatuendum hæc <lb></lb>eſſe propria tactus obiecta, nam ſic ad tactum retulit Ariſt. </s> <s>ſiquis conto hoſtem impellat: quae ſi cùm cę<lb></lb>teris ſentitur, id eſt per accidens. </s> <s>Nam, quod pertinet ad iudicium illius quem pedib. appenſum fin<lb></lb>gimus, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ego dicam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> de eo qui digitis cancellatis nucleum <expan abbr="attingẽs">attingens</expan>, vnum habet pro duob. </s> <s>ete<lb></lb>nim quia præter naturam conſtitutus eſt; rectè iudicare non poteſt. </s> <s>Proptereà graue & leue libenter <lb></lb>in tactilib. collocarem: licet non eandem <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> grauis & leuis eſſe concederem in ſenſu pulſando: <lb></lb><expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> graue ſe habeat in hoc officio, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> forma, leue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt priuatio: tametſi pro rei natura <lb></lb>graue eſt, vel materia, leue <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> vt forma: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem in hiſce <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>, quod antè diximus euenire in <lb></lb>motu & quiete <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Et quanuis medium intercedere ponatur, non idcirco vim tactilis au<lb></lb>ferrit <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> medium, aut cum eo quod <expan abbr="ponderat̃">ponderatur</expan>, aut cum ponderante concurrit, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cum eo quod <lb></lb>ponderatur, afficit, cùm ponderante afficitur. </s> <s>Sic igitur graue afficit ſenſum premens, aut trahens p <lb></lb>medium, aut ſine medio. </s> <s>ac demum ita nos pellit & tactum, <expan abbr="quẽadmodum">quenadmodum</expan> de hoſte, alterum conto <lb></lb>vrgente nos anteà teſtati ſumus: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>tollit <expan abbr="cõtus">contus</expan>, quominus ſit contactus eius qui impellitur. </s> <s>ete<lb></lb>nim cum pellente ſit vnum. </s> <s>Sic ergo grauitatem & leuitatem tactiles qualitates eſſe defendimus. <pb pagenum="503"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3064"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Idcirco veremur ne iuſtè defendatur Auerroes à Patauinis, dum in hac quæſtione ita docent, non ſi<lb></lb>ne motu fieri iudicium de graui & leui, non ſanè, quae ex obiecti motu cognoſcantur: vrgent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prædi<lb></lb>ctæ rationes; ſed per motum organi ipſius quod premitur, trahitur, aut pellitur. </s> <s>Etenim aut motus <lb></lb>ille tactui per ſe ſubiicitur, & ſic grauitas ſentitur; quia ſit iſte motus, aut aliquid à grauitate ſeiun<lb></lb>ctum. </s> <s>ſiquidem dixerint eum eſſe eiuſcemodi motum: profectò, cùm hic per ſe ſentiatur, & <expan abbr="efficiet̃">efficietur</expan>, <lb></lb>vt grauitas item ſit proprium ſenſus obiectum. </s> <s>Igitur & grauitas, cùm ſit ſubſtantia, vt voluit Auer<lb></lb>roes; ſubſtantia per ſe mouere poterit ſenſum. </s> <s>Si verò dederint aliud eſſe motum, & à grauitate ſe<lb></lb>iunctum. </s> <s>Ergo motus aut erit ſenſile proprium, quod dictu nefas eſt; aut ſi fuerit <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> per aliud <expan abbr="tactũ">tactum</expan> <lb></lb>moueat oportet. </s> <s>Erit igitur hæc grauitas, aut aliud quippiam, non eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> grauitas: nam ſic per ſe ſen<lb></lb>ſilis eſſet: aliud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quippiam eſſe nequit, quae huiuſmodi nihil aſsignare liceat; & eſto quae aſsignari poſ<lb></lb>ſit; aliud erit certè àc motus: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eorum hypotheſi repugnat. </s> <s>& quanuis ita dicamus grauitatem <lb></lb>ſentiri <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> motu; quaſi hæc ſit conditio quędam; adhuc motus per aliud quid ſentiri debebit & ſic in <lb></lb>eadem relabemur; etenim explicandum erit, <expan abbr="quodnã">quodnam</expan> ſit hoc potiſsimum, & ſi fortè per alterius ſen<lb></lb>ſus obiectum ſentietur, tactui ſubiicietur per accidens. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> grauitas, ſi ſubſtantia fuerit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à ſen<lb></lb>ſu, ſed ab ea parte animi, vt ipſi volunt, quę cogitatiua nuncupatur, erit cognoſcenda. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ea <lb></lb>reperiatur in homine ſolo; ſequitur item, vt ipſe tantùm de grauitate iudicium ferre poſsit. </s> <s>Ita gra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3065"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uis ſenſum, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> iudicium brutis omnib. impudenter abſtulerunt, & ſtudio partium in hoſce ſco<lb></lb>pulos impegere. </s> <s>Multò iam minus per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſentitur qui opprimat, & impellat: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc initia <lb></lb>motus, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus, vt ſupra dictum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãobrem">Quanobrem</expan> graue, licet mouendo ſenſum, efficiat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mo<lb></lb>tum; at non per motum ſentitur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſub ratione motus; ſed preſsio, tentio, & huiuſmodi erunt fun<lb></lb>ctiones tactus quæ ab obiectis per ſe ſenſilibus emanant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3059"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3060"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>2. de ortu. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3061"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3062"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3063"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3064"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3065"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De motibus præter naturam, & de proiectis contra Platonem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò oppoſitorum vna eſt <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>methodus & ſcientia: motui verò: <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>naturam opponitur motus præter naturam: <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> de motu naturali ſatis dictum eſt: poſtulat <lb></lb>nunc inſtituta ratio de motu, vt aliqua dicamus de eo qui eſt præter naturam, qui item naſcitur ex <lb></lb>violentia: hic verò duplex eſt, vel ſimpliciter, vel quodammodò: vi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> moueri illa dicuntur, <expan abbr="quan-docunq.">quan<lb></lb>docunque</expan> id quod mouetur, non confert vim, hoc eſt, non habet illo <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan>, quo mouetur, quia <lb></lb>.ſ. </s> <s>non perficiatur ex eo motu, locum illum adipiſcens in quo conſeruetur: hic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt, qui conuenit <lb></lb>ſuæ formæ; ſed ab eo forma potius corrumpitur. </s> <s>Ideò quae <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> ſuæ neci reſiſtit, quantum po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3066"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teſt; tantum abeſt, vt eò properet, vt niſi virtus mouentis reſiſtentiam mobilis ſuperet, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> monea<lb></lb>tur; & niſi præualeat facultas violans, in priſtinum locum ſemper retrocedat; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllo modo cona<lb></lb>tum mouentis adiuuat, ſicut adiuuaret ſaxum, ſi magno impetu deiiceretur: nam virtus eiuſmodi <lb></lb>facultati accedens longè <expan abbr="velociorẽ">velociorem</expan> motum faceret. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> principium talis motus omnino externum <lb></lb><expan abbr="alienumq́">alienumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſocium ſui laboris habet medium, quod impetum à mouente excipiens mo<lb></lb>bili impertit. </s> <s>Verùm quod præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> abſolutè mouetur; <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> & ſimpliciter nullam vim confert: <lb></lb>immo renititur; ſed ita vincitur à mouente, vt ſimpliciter eandem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> lineam metiatur <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> permea<lb></lb>ret, ſi moueretur <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>mouetur ocyus ab initio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad extremum. </s> <s>Quòd verò aliqua <lb></lb>ex parte præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouetur, non <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> reſiſtit; licet eò non propendeat, quo mouetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ean<lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> peragrat violatum, ac ſi <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueretur; ſed ad latera quodam pacto deflectitur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> medium illi motui magis inſeruit, ob id velocius & ad maius ſpatium idem lapis in <lb></lb>latera proiicitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſurſum directò & ad perpendiculum. </s> <s>Attamen neutrum illò ſimpliciter vergit, <lb></lb>quò agitur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ibi manet <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam; ſed <expan abbr="poſteaq̃">poſteaquam</expan> vis mouens contabuerit, ad ſuum motum <expan abbr="lo-cumq́">lo<lb></lb>cumque</expan>. </s> <s>naturalem ſeſe recipit deſcribens, <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam quæ eſt ad perpendiculum inter cen<lb></lb>trum mundi & extremum, & mouetur aliquantò celerius in progreſſu. </s> <s>Principia verò quæ violant, <lb></lb>varia eſſe queunt, & contraria, quæ materiam affligunt, vt apparet in fulmine, quod cùm ſit ignis, ab <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3067"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aqua circunſtante expellitur, & <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>vim agitati corporis, vt fit, vbi venti extollunt aliqua pondera; & <lb></lb>raptu mobilis cuiuſdam, vt forte euenit in hyppeccaumate, impetu item aquæ, aut aëris in gyrum <lb></lb>acti vt accidit in vorticib. & generatim pulſu, tractu, vertigine, & vectione quæ <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> fiunt ab ani<lb></lb>matis. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſuprà de cauſſa & proprietatib. violenti motus vniuersè ſatis dictum ſit, agamus <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>de ipſo ſpeciatim & in præſentia veſtigemus cauſſam alterius illius motus quem ſolent nob. </s> <s>ſignifi<lb></lb>care <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> proiectorum. </s> <s>quae longè abſtruſior eſt, & antiquitus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> varias offendit opiniones. </s> <s>Nam Plato <lb></lb>quemadmodum eius verba ſonant; afferebat cauſſam talis motus antiperiſtaſim. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> quo pacto <lb></lb>cauſſa hæc accipienda ſit, nec multum declarat Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſatis è Platone colligitur. </s> <s>etenim vox eſt <lb></lb>ambigua. </s> <s>ſiquidem ſit propriè contrariorum ambitus; quando vnum contrariorum ambit, & <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb></lb>velut in centrum adducit; quemadmodum calor centrum verſus æſtate cogit frigus, vnde multa po<lb></lb>ma oriuntur, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> frigus inſigniter dominetur: & contrà frigus hyeme centrum verſus calorem pro<lb></lb>pellit, vnde ventres hyeme calidiores: ſecundò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõius">conius</expan> accipiatur in latione ſola, cum ambiens effi<lb></lb>cit lationem in eo quod ambitur, ex eo ducens originem, vt Plato volebat; quia mouens omne, dum <lb></lb>moueret, vnà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueretur; nec vllam vim, niſi qua corpus eſſet, mobili <expan abbr="cõicaret">conicaret</expan>, aut in aliud à <pb pagenum="504"></pb>ſe transferret: quapropter eodem motu quo mobile ipſum ageretur, vt, ſi animus res eſſet corpo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3068"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rea, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>corpus agitaret, ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> primùm pari <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ferretur. </s> <s>Ita igitur in proiectione partes cir<lb></lb>cunſtantes in locum poſteriorum ſuccedunt, vt, A. ſi moueat B. ſubit in eius locum, & ſi B. propellat <lb></lb>C. locum eius occupat. </s> <s>& ſic cętera deinceps. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> dubitatur, an ſit per extenſionem eius corpo<lb></lb>ris quod ambitur; an potius ſit per ſucceſsionem quæ fit propter vacuum: nanque huiuſmodi ſen<lb></lb>ſum ex eius verbis colligebat Simplicius, & hęc item ſententia ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſub hac ratione confutata de<lb></lb>prehenditur: quoniam ex eo, quae à tergo rei mobilis coiret medium (hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> liquidum eſſe oportet, & <lb></lb>facile coire poſſe) ne detur <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan>: facta <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illa coitione mobile procederet vlterius. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="qũocunq.">qunocunque</expan> <lb></lb>accipiatur à tergo medium conuenire, ſiue impleat ſolum id ſpatij quod à mobili relictum fuerat, ſi<lb></lb>ue etiam id quod congreditur, ipſum promoueat, multa ſunt quæ nos ab eius opinione auertant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ac quantum de ſecunda eſt, quam de verbis Platonis Simplicius ipſe profitetur, ſatis hæc illius fal<lb></lb>laciam ſignificant. </s> <s>Primùm quia ratio reddi non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cur primo ceſſante reliqua mouerentur: vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>fiat motus per ſolum contactum, veluti fieret in hac hypotheſi; vno moto deinceps <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> moueren<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>manente quieſcerent; quod omnia in alterius locum ſucceſsione quadam ſubingrederen<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>quae ſi id non eueniret, omnia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> manere opus eſſet: talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus eſt antiperiſtaſeos, ſi crede<lb></lb>re dignum eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>quae vnum quidem primum mouetur, & mouens in eius locum ſubit; ita vt vnà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3069"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouens & mobile concitentur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> velocitate maiore partes in progreſſu, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab initio mouerentur: <lb></lb>oppoſitum tamen apparet. </s> <s>Quòd ſi de experientia dubites, vide <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> id euenire, ſi ſegnius in progreſ<lb></lb>ſu concitetur quod in parte quadam motus illius negari non poteſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> idem tenor à natura ſer<lb></lb>uabitur, dum vacuum propulſare contendit, hoc ſtudet, vt arceatur inane, id ſemper eodem inſtan<lb></lb>ti præſtat quo motus efficitur: nec poteſt effici motus, niſi mouens ſuccedat. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> idem eſt ſucceſsio<lb></lb>nis inſtans & motus. </s> <s>atqui vacus pulſio perpetuò ſui ſimilis eſt; & motus igitur. </s> <s>Prætereà natura ſo<lb></lb>lam intenderet coitionem, vtputa, vt exploderet vacuum: vbi igitur aëre in ſaxi locum ſubingreſſo, <lb></lb>adepta illam fuiſſet; non eſſet certè, quae amplius laboraret: ſi ergo poſt primam ſaxi <expan abbr="motionẽ">motionem</expan> coiuit <lb></lb>aër; cur motus procedit vlterius? </s> <s>Quantum verò pertinet ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> illum modum antiperiſtaſeos <lb></lb>qui affert extruſionem: habet & hic contra ſe multas experientias. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ecquid erit cauſſa, <lb></lb>quod vetet lapidem ad cęlum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> concitari? </s> <s>nam, ſi aër in eius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſuccedit, & lapidem idcirco pro<lb></lb>pellit, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> continuè fit ea ſucceſsio, continuè <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> lapidis propulſio fiet, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> ſuppetat aër, aut <lb></lb>corpus aëri, quod propter coëundi facultatem valeat idem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aër. </s> <s>Tùm item facilius palea, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſa<lb></lb>xum proiici poſſet, tùm quae palea leuior eſt, & ſurſum magis propendet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſaxum: tùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quia ma<lb></lb>ior eſt aëris impellentis ad paleam proportio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad ſaxum: ex maiore <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proportione velocior mo<lb></lb>tus prodeat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Rurſus, ſi filum ſaxo appendatur, ob eandem cauſſam à fronte ſaxi ponde<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3070"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret: cùm videamus igitur ipſum à tergo porrigi in longitudinem, & quaſi trahi à ſaxo potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab <lb></lb>aëre propelli; dicamus oportet extruſionem non eſſe cauſſam talis motus. </s> <s>Sic vndique Platonis opi<lb></lb>nionem lubricam eſſe comperimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3066"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3067"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3068"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3069"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3070"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis ſententia de proiectorum motu recenſetur, & ea quę contra illam afferri ſolent, <lb></lb>exponuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>REPVDIATA Platonis opinione, decreuit Ariſt. </s> <s>à mouente vim imprimi aëri ſiue medio pro<lb></lb>pter eius naturam quæ anceps eſt, nec grauis tantum, aut leuis: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam impetum quo<lb></lb>quo verſus excipere poteſt. </s> <s>Quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> impetus ille ſimpliciter eò verſus non eſt, licet, vt aliàs à nobis <lb></lb>dictum eſt, eius naturæ minus hoc aduerſetur, quàm ſi ſimpliciter ſurſum, aut deorſum moueatur: <lb></lb>quia non tantum leuis eſt, ſed etiam grauis, tantiſper item reſiſtit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi ſeiunctus eſt aliquantum <lb></lb>à primo motore, vim ab eo ſibi impreſſam paullatim amittit, demum defetiſcitur, & contabeſcit, & <lb></lb>ita proiectum ab alio non violatum, priſtinas conditiones recuperat, & <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> illas ad eundem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>feſtinat, vnde coactum diſceſſerat, quaſi ferrum, quod vbi ſegregatum ab igni fuerit, ad propriam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3071"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>frigiditatem reuertit. </s> <s>Veruntamen Philoponus, & alij Latini in Ariſtotelem acerrimè inuecti ſunt, vſ<lb></lb>que adeò, vt præceptorem deſeruerint. </s> <s>Primùm quia <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item eius poſitio difficultatem illam eui<lb></lb>tat quam Platoni paullò antè obiecimus; nunquàm .ſ. </s> <s>eius motum ceſſaturum, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ab aëre vehi<lb></lb>tur ſaxum; aër autem hic vbi impetum excepit, non habet vnde quieſcat: quoniam impetus ille fit <lb></lb>ei naturalis, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> deſcenſus ſaxo ſecundùm naturam ſit: quare non modo ſaxum per <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> <lb></lb>totum agitabitur, ſed etiam tempore infinito, ſi infinitus fuerit aër. </s> <s>Nam dicere ipſum <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> fieri per <lb></lb>ſe mobilem, vt moueri ſimul & manere poſsit, quod animatorum proprium eſt, longè abeſt à veriſi<lb></lb>mili. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſufficit id quod adſcribebat. </s> <s>Auerroes, medium à ſua naturali forma moueri, eum tamen <lb></lb>motum ab extrinſeco ſumere occaſionem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eſto hoc. </s> <s>At vnde quies in medio? </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> adfuit oc<lb></lb>caſio mouendi; <expan abbr="mediumq́">mediumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecundùm naturam mouetur. </s> <s>Deinde ſi ab impetu iam indito & impreſ<lb></lb>ſo à primo mouente fit iſte motus; quò mobile propinquius erit mouenti, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> maior impetus <lb></lb>erit ſaxi proiecti, & motus ipſe velocior. </s> <s>At hoc falſum eſt, quia proiectorum motus augetur per ali<lb></lb>quantum ſpatij in progreſſu, quod item experientia teſtatur cum funda, aut baliſta, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod<lb></lb>uis tormentum ex diſtantia quadam vehementius feriat, quàm cominus. </s> <s>Adde etiam, quia ſaxum <pb pagenum="505"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3072"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contra ventum moueri non poſſet. </s> <s>etenim maiore impetu moueretur aër contra ſaxum, cùm maior <lb></lb>ſit impetus venti, quàm proiicientis ipſius. </s> <s>Accedit eodem quae per æqualem diſtantiam moueretur la<lb></lb>pis à tangente & à remoto, quoniam æqualis impetus aëri poſſet imprimi ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> Tùm poſtremò <lb></lb>eadem velocitate proiiceretur haſta oblonga ac breuis: quoniam æqualem impetum aëri impertire <lb></lb>poſsis <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> proiiciendo. </s> <s>Quamobrem Philoponus, poſt ipſum verò Albertus, D. Thomas, & alij <lb></lb>complures opinati ſunt, vim ſanè imprimi à primo mouente non aëri quidem, ſed mobili, vtputa <lb></lb>ſaxo: & prout maior, aut minor vis illi imprimeretur, ita per maius ſpatium <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> velocius agitari. <lb></lb></s> <s>huiuſmodi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vim interdum expeditius ac promptius excipi. </s> <s>nonnunquam ægrius & lentius; pro<lb></lb>pter illa quæ motui ſolent auxiliari, puta tu, figuram, magnitudinem, materiæ multitudinem & cæ<lb></lb>tera, quę ſuprà cauſſas lationis ſocias appellauimus, ſic longius fertur haſta, quàm corpus <expan abbr="quadratũ">quadratum</expan>, <lb></lb>& chorda tenta, quia melius excipit <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan>, <expan abbr="retinetq́">retinetque</expan>. </s> <s>diutius, quàm remiſſa, diutius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tremit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ictum facit maiorem. </s> <s>Si quæratur etiam, cur aër in iactu non agitur in immenſum: reſpondent: <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="cõicatur">conicatur</expan> ille motus à lapide partib. proximis, & ab hiſce ſubinde reliquis contiguis, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vel <lb></lb>eodem Ariſt. </s> <s>reſte & auctore, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non ſit vnus ille motus, quia mobile non ſimpliciter idem perma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3073"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neat, at verò cùm motus ille non ſit <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> lapidi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aëri naturalis, ſed <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> eueniat ab externo, prę<lb></lb>tereà circum ferentiam verſus dilatetur; quemadmodum fieri conſpicimus, vbi lapis in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> proii<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3074"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciatur, facit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rotationes in principio minores, ſed velociores; & ob maiorem proportionem, quam <lb></lb>habet tum mouens ad mobile; & quia citius peragi ſolet ſpatium, quo breuius eſt, in proceſſu maio<lb></lb>res quidem, ſed tardiores: & aucto ſpatio, & proportione mouentis ad mobile imminuta: ſic facit la<lb></lb>pis in aërem proiectus; ideò motus ſegnior euadit; vt demum fatiſcat; & interpoſita quiete; quia mo<lb></lb>tus aut contrarij ſunt, aut contrarijs reſpondent, ſemoto impediente, moueatur <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Red<lb></lb>di etiam cauſſa poteſt, cur pila luſoria facilius repercutiatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> lapis: in motu <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ante <expan abbr="reflexionẽ">reflexionem</expan> val<lb></lb>de comprimitur: <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> reflexa eſt, dilatatur; ita quærens innatam dimenſionem (conſequitur autem <lb></lb>ipſam, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſuum locum elementum genitum aſſequatur, cùm ablatum fuerit <expan abbr="impedimẽ-tum">impedimen<lb></lb>tum</expan>) ex repulſione maiorem impulſum adipiſcitur. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt cùm poſitio hæc illa præſtet <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> bo<lb></lb>na quæſtionis explicatio debet efficere: conſentit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum ratione, non oppugnat ſenſum: ſatisfacit <lb></lb>omnib. problematis quæ de re propoſita quæri poſſunt: & inhærentium cauſſas reddit: alacriter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>à Latinis contra Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſum defendatur. </s> <s>Et quoniam ita poteſt in methodo naturali experientia, vt <lb></lb>cęteris neglectis machinis ingenij & rationis, illi ſtandum ſit, ſtatuamus ad opinionis huiuſce confir<lb></lb>mationem <expan abbr="leuiſsimã">leuiſsimam</expan> tabulam, ex qua torno, aut circino incidente orbis eximatur: ita vt ſine mutuo <lb></lb>attritu orbis ille intra illud cauum circumagi poſsit, & tabula alicubi defixa, vectis cum manubrio <lb></lb>illi orbi infigatur, quod manubrium ſingulæ <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> furcillæ, ſeu cerui ſuſtineant. </s> <s>Tunc manifeſtò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3075"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>apparebit circum actum orbem intra illud ſpatium tabulæ <expan abbr="orbiculatũ">orbiculatum</expan> moueri à moto motore, nul<lb></lb>lo aëre impellente. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tunc, quia motus ille in orbem eſt, locus erit aëri impellenti. </s> <s>nam quanuis <lb></lb>aër inter orbem & tabulam exiſtat, adeò eſt exiguus, vt nullas vires ad eum motum habiturus ſit; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quòd ipſius orbis politiſsima læuitas ab aëre circunſtante, neutiquam agitationis in<lb></lb>ſtigationem accipere valebit. </s> <s>quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> læuius quid eſt, eò magis agglutinationem reſpuit. </s> <s>Quanquam <lb></lb>quid aliud erat, quod à nobis in hac cauſſa reddenda poſſet afferri, quàm auctoritas ipſa Ariſt. </s> <s>qui <lb></lb>aut hanc cauſſam <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> recipit, aut ſi aliam probauit, euidentiſsima repugnantia concluditur? </s> <s>Ha<lb></lb>bet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mech. tantùm ferri id quòd fertur .i. </s> <s>proiicitur & pellitur, quantum aëris mouerit ad pro<lb></lb>fundum, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam reddebat, cur <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> magna nimis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> valde parua proiici poſſent. </s> <s>Mon<lb></lb>ſtrant igitur hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> impetum aëri in motu proiectorum à mouente primo non <expan abbr="cõmitti">committi</expan>, contra <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ab ipſo Ariſt. </s> <s>contra Platonem decretum fuerit. </s> <s>Ita magnum opus erit; ſi ſummus ille præceptor à <lb></lb>calumniis hiſce purgetur, id quod nos pro veritate ipſa mox aggrediemur. </s> <s>oppugnatores enim acer<lb></lb>rimi ſunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3071"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3072"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3073"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3074"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3075"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis ſententia de proiectorum motu confirmatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3076"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3076"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ETSI ſcio complurib. argumentis agitari ſententiam hanc à Latinis interpretib. quia tamen <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>omnia ſatis certa mihi videntur; ideò ſolùm aſſerentur in medio ea quæ in Ariſt. </s> <s>philoſophia ro<lb></lb>bur aliquod habere cenſebuntur, ſunt verò hæc: Primùm quia non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ex hac poſitione reddi cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, cur mobile velocius in progreſſu feratur, quàm in principio: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> multo maior vis ei quod pro<lb></lb>pinquum eſt, imprimi ſolet, quàm ei quod longius abeſt. </s> <s>Prætereà non ne rotamus fundam, vt lapi<lb></lb>dem impetu maiore proiiciamus? </s> <s>at cur hac rotatione opus eſt, ſi impetus ſaxo ſolùm imprimitur? <lb></lb></s> <s>aut quo pacto ex rotatione ipſa ſine concitatione aëris, ſaxo imprimi poteſt? </s> <s>quantum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex ſe eſt, <lb></lb>ſaxum manet immobile, ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aëri illa neceſſe eſt imprimatur. </s> <s>Tertium <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia quo maius cor<lb></lb>pus eſt, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouenti magis renititur, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>minus virtutis imprimi poteſt. </s> <s>Sed haſta longior & <lb></lb>velocius & ad maius ſpatium mouetur, quàm breuior: ergo non fit ex eo motus ille, quae mobili vis <lb></lb>imprimatur. </s> <s>igitur incutitur ea vis alij corpori, hoc autem nil aliud eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quàm medium. </s> <s>Quar<lb></lb>tum verò <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan>, meo quidem iudicio, validiſsimum: quae impetus imprimitur facilius; & magis ei <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>habet aliquam inclinationem ad eum locum, quo concitatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illi in quo nulla prorſus eſt: ſed ſa <pb pagenum="506"></pb>xum nullam habet propenſionem ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſuperiorem: <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contra naturam eſt: at aër aliquam ha<arrow.to.target n="marg3077"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bet: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſecundùm quid leuis: ergo vis aëri prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſaxo <expan abbr="cõicetur">conicetur</expan> oportet. </s> <s>Signum eius propenſio<lb></lb>nis in aëre <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> eſt ex iis, quæ 3. Meteor. </s> <s>ſcripta ſunt; quippe quae aër præuenit mobili in flumine <lb></lb>& tonitru, & generatim quae prius impetum aëris experimur <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> corporis, quod per ipſum fertur. </s> <s>No<lb></lb>to <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cauſſam, quapropter melius reflectatur pila, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſaxum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam ſi, vbi amittat dimenſiones <lb></lb>contractum in anguſtius aliquod mobile melius reflecti poſsit: at <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vbi non recuperet dimenſiones <lb></lb>antiquas veluti pila quæ fuerit plena flatu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem rentiſsima, ac duriſsima, pila item oſſea, <lb></lb>quarum altera priſtinæ moli non reſtituitur; quanuis illam amiſerit; hæc verò non debet reſtitui; <lb></lb>quae eam non amiſit: magna reflexio fieri conſpicitur: fiat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ea cauſſa ſine qua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> effectus conſeruari <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s>Huc accedit & experientia ſumpta ab exploſione pilularum, ſeu ferreæ, ſeu plumbeæ ſint, è <lb></lb>tormentis bellicis, quarum motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> à medij ipſius expulſione proficiſcitur, quod cùm <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>ignis fa<lb></lb>cultatem attenuetur, & in aërem quodam pacto conuertatur, impetum à generante ſuſcipit, <expan abbr="eundẽ-q́ue">eunden<lb></lb>que</expan> pilulis ipſis <expan abbr="cõicat">conicat</expan>. </s> <s>Quanquam hoc fundamentum alicui lubrięum videri poteſt, & nobis Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>cauſſam molientib. aliquam vim afferre, ne forte generales cauſſas proiectionis in medio ponamus, <lb></lb>aut varia proiectionum ingenia <expan abbr="cõminiſci">comminiſci</expan> cogamur. </s> <s>Etenim vis argumenti noſtri, cui <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> tribui<lb></lb>mus, in nos facilè retorquebitur, & noſtras machinas deturbabit. </s> <s>Quia ſi magis imprimitur impetus <lb></lb>ei, quod aliquam habet aliquò propenſionem, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis ei quod habeat maiorem, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3078"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſaxo nulla, in aëre quædam magis aëri <expan abbr="medioq́">medioque</expan>. </s> <s>vis imprimitur, quàm ſaxo & mobili. </s> <s><expan abbr="Opponã">Opponam</expan> ego <lb></lb>ſaxum, quod deorſum mouetur, cui ſi vis addatur, multò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> velocius agitur. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="quærã">quæram</expan> ſit'ne vis <lb></lb>hæc ſaxo, an medio potius impreſſa. </s> <s>ſi ſaxo fatearis, eo quae magis affectum eſt, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> aër, cùm ſit graue <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, aër verò aliqua ex parte <expan abbr="tãtùm">tantùm</expan>. </s> <s>Non igitur medio vis imprimetur, ſed mobili; <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> qui <lb></lb>defenderit Ariſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi medium velis excipere vim <expan abbr="illatã">illatam</expan>. </s> <s>Atqui minus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mobile affectum eſt. </s> <s>ita<lb></lb>que vis ei magis imprimi poterit, quod eſt minus affectum. </s> <s>Proinde neceſſaria non erit propoſitio <lb></lb>tuę rationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Iã">Iam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tibi præcluſiſti viam ad id, vt aër ſaxo magis affectus ſit ad inferiora loca, qui ſupe<lb></lb>rius illud ſolum conſtitueris aërem magis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ponderis in ſe habere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> leuitatis; at non idcirco cæ<lb></lb>teris <expan abbr="oĩb.">omnibus</expan> </s> <s>in ſuo loco grauitate præſtare. </s> <s>Quapropter adiuuabit magis in deſcenſu grauia <expan abbr="dũtaxat">duntaxat</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>leuia in aſcenſu. </s> <s>Præterquam quòd, ea defenſio non ſatis momenti præſeferre cenſebitur, ſi diligen<lb></lb>tius exquiratur. </s> <s>ſiquidem ratio futura ſit eadem, vbi leue ſurſum maiore conatu, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit natiuus explo<lb></lb>ratur. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vis leui illi corpori imprimetur; & ſic Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> ruet, aut ſi medio vis illa <expan abbr="cõicabitur">conicabitur</expan>, ei <lb></lb>planè <expan abbr="cõicabitur">conicabitur</expan> quod minus affectum eſt. </s> <s>liquet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> quidem ſapientum auctoritate, minus ob<lb></lb>tinere leuitatis aërem in ſuo loco. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutetur">commutetur</expan> medium, & aqua pro aëre capiatur. </s> <s>idem pror<lb></lb>ſus conſequetur in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="mobiliũ">mobilium</expan> motu, ac ſi in aëre obiretur. </s> <s>nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> offendet ipſius medij natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3079"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra <expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> varia, ſicut aëris poſita eſt, quod in aëre faciebat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſatis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ratio noſtra firmabitur, ſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> gra<lb></lb>uitas <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> creſcere poſsit & additione grauis corporis extenſiuè, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> 20. talenta ligni ſumeban<lb></lb>tur, & <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan>, vt cùm ex vapore fit aqua, quae aër addat ſaxo pondus extenſiuè. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hîc inſi<lb></lb>ſtam & percunctabor, vnde aëri grauitas iſta accedet. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> grauitas noua, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> naturalis, ſed præter <lb></lb>fatum; quae ocyus concitetur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſua natura patiatur, & eodem te luto <expan abbr="prouoluã">prouoluam</expan>; quia ſi grauitas illi im<lb></lb>primatur; ei quod minus affectum eſt, magis imprimetur: aliter <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> acceperis: ſi ſaxo incutitur: non <lb></lb>igitur medio, vt tu cum Ariſt. </s> <s>defendis. </s> <s>Exploratum ſanè eſt vim afferre pondus, & exinde celerita<lb></lb>tem; quare ex motu maior ictus vi pondus afferente. </s> <s>quocirca <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> magis incidit ſecuris, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi pondere <lb></lb>proprio ferretur. </s> <s>ſed illud quæritur, cui principalius ea vis incudatur; medio'ne, an mobili. </s> <s>Audebiſ<lb></lb>né proiectionem hanc eſſe negare, quia motus ſit <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>proiectio verò ſit motus non natura<lb></lb>lis? </s> <s>An proiectionem eſſe tum fateberis; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> moueris à mobili ſeparatur, vt debes? </s> <s>Inficiaberis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ali<lb></lb>quid impetus externi, & violantis ibi adeſſe, cùm <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> adeptio finis, vltra <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> par eſt; ex violentia naſca<lb></lb>tur, vt docuit 5. Phyſ. Ariſtoteles? </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in re obſcuriſsima ſic enitar, vt ſi non fortiter, alacriter <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> pro<lb></lb>præceptore <expan abbr="pugnã">pugnam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmiſiſſe">commiſiſſe</expan> videar. </s> <s>In primis de proiectione diſtinguatur. </s> <s>etenim generatim proie<lb></lb>ctio <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, vbi mobile à mouente ſperetur; idcirco eſt pulſio quædam. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> proiectio fuerit, ſiue ſaxum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3080"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pro ſuæ naturæ ratione moueatur. </s> <s>& ego illi impetum addidero, quò vulnus maius infligam. </s> <s>& ſi ip<lb></lb>ſum magna contentione cęlum verſus concitauero aut ſi in latus abegero. </s> <s>Sed illud habet <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan>, quòd <lb></lb>à violentia non ſegregatur, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natiuum robur amplificatur, aut agitur aliò, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſuapte natura, ver<lb></lb>gat. </s> <s>eſt & proiectio ſpecialius quid, generis <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="appellationẽ">appellationem</expan> ſortitur, quæ differt à motu naturali & <lb></lb>ab eo, qui præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>à naturali quidem ſimpliciter, quia nonnihil violentiæ præſefert: ab eo, qui <lb></lb>præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; quia nonnihil habet, quae ſit ex ipſius mobilis rei natura. </s> <s>Hæc propriè proiectio ſtatuitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quorum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & quemadmodum ſit ſequitur vt nunc explicemus. </s> <s>Hunc animalis eſſe proprium, Sim<lb></lb>plicius, Auerroes & Zimara, neſcio qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, teſtabantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſi conſulimus Ariſt. </s> <s>vbi de motu ani<lb></lb>malium verba facit, ipſum expulſione & tractione <expan abbr="cõponit">componit</expan>: <expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> docet Galenus in libris de <lb></lb>motu muſculorum <expan abbr="intẽtione">intentione</expan>, ſeu laxatione <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> artus ſunt oppoſiti muſculi, quorum hi trahun<lb></lb>tur, quo verſus artus ipſe mouetur; illi pelluntur, vnde motus incepit. </s> <s>proiectio pulſio ſolùm eſſe vŕ, <lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> proiectionis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſpectamus. </s> <s>ea flagitat ſeparationem à mobili, atqui in animali mobile à <lb></lb>mouente primo <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan>, aut rarò diſiungitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae ex eo proiectio iudicanda non videtur, quae <lb></lb>mouente primo quieſcente, motus adhuc obeatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi hoc idem <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> motuum generi <expan abbr="cõi-">coni<lb></lb></expan> <pb pagenum="507"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3081"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ter ineſſe poſsit: & generationi, & affectioni, & motui ſimpliciter naturali, & ei qui præter naturam: <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſi generationi comitatur & affectioni, & tum mouetur elementum per ſe, cùm gignitur; cer<lb></lb>tè <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mobile, quatenus ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouetur, à mouente ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, at hic noſter ab omnib. <lb></lb></s> <s>hiſce ſeparatur, quae prętereà <expan abbr="violentiã">violentiam</expan> requirit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> equidem non ſimpliciter, etenim motus eſſet <lb></lb>præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, à quo proiecto diſiuncta <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> mouetur in latus. </s> <s>Sed illud melius, ſi <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> hunc <lb></lb>ita animalis eſſe fateamur, quae animalia ſola proiiciendi vim habeant. </s> <s>quae ſi quid eſſet in quo <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> par in<lb></lb>eſſe videretur, ea forent & fulmina, & ſtellæ diſcurrentes, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ea vox non prædicatur, ſed <foreign lang="grc">έξω<lb></lb>θεῖσθαι καὶ ἐχπυρηνίζεσθαι</foreign>, ſi proprietatem exquiras: ſic ſagittæ iaciuntur, quia motus ille incipit <lb></lb>ab animo, quòd ſi animans iactari dicitur & iactare ceruiculam & brachia, id latè potius, quàm pro<lb></lb>priè dictum eſſe puto, ſiquidem eiuſmodi motus ſeparatione mobilis careat. </s> <s>Si verò incipere ab ani<lb></lb>mo cæterorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motuum eſſe dixeris; quae, vt docet Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> demum motus eſt ab animo; memi<lb></lb>neris è plurib. hiſce differentijs eſſe ab animo, & cùm aliqua vi, non ſimpliciter ſecundùm, aut <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & mouente primo quieſcente <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> rationem <expan abbr="cõſtitui">conſtitui</expan>, quę proiectionem faciar, <expan abbr="totaq́">totaque</expan>. </s> <s>ad nul<lb></lb>los alios motus <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan> queat: & hunc volumus eſſe ab animo proximè, cùm plures alij ſint ab <lb></lb>animo remotę. </s> <s>Ea verò ſiue ſimplicia ſint, ſiue mixta nil refert: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſimplicia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> externa vi ſupue<lb></lb>niente, non intrinſecùs, & quaſi ſit vna motus vnius forma, motu mixto <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> agantur. </s> <s>realiter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3082"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe habente in motib. ſecundùm & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>quae hiſce motibus ſola ſimplicia concitari queant. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>mixtura ſemper id pręſtat, vt aliquid infit quod agatur ſecundùm naturam, & alterum quod repu<lb></lb>gnet, quoquo verſus agitentur. </s> <s>Hiſce ſic conſtitutis, vt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> controuerſia tollatur. </s> <s>moneo primùm mo<lb></lb>re conſueto de principali ſignificato proiectionis agi. </s> <s>quæ vim quidem pręſefert: at non ſimpliciter. <lb></lb></s> <s>ideò fit in latus, eo manente quod primum mouit, & ab animo. </s> <s>quapropter excluditur motus, qui <lb></lb>fit <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt ſaxi deſcenſus. </s> <s>vt etiam ex notis verę proiectionis perſpici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quae .ſ. </s> <s>in proiectio<lb></lb>ne propriè dicta in medio robur intenditur, ad extremum flacceſcit, in motu naturali vis adhibita <lb></lb>ad extremum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> natiuum robur amplificat. </s> <s>Deinde cùm vis accedat motui naturali, proptereà <expan abbr="ve-rã">ve<lb></lb>ram</expan> proiectionem motus ille imitetur. </s> <s>addo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vim <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> medio prius <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan>, & per medium mo<lb></lb>bili potes <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pro medio ſumere <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, Quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dixit Ariſt. 7. de hiſt. anim. </s> <s>c. 7. Nihil procul <lb></lb>ſiue ſpirituali violantia proiici. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt. </s> <s>quòd ſecurim attollimus & ſecuri manubrias lon<lb></lb>gas fabricamur, vt maior circulus agatur, & proinde plus aëris comprehendi valeat. </s> <s>ita & cùm ſaxa <lb></lb>deorſum iacimus, attollimus brachia ſic plus aëris incitaturi, qui cùm in loco ſuo ſpeciem grauitatis <lb></lb>obtineat, multitudine, ſi non virtute, & extenſiuè, ſi non intenſiuè pondus afferens accelerat motum. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>non quae mobili neceſſariò quicquam imprimatur, ſed quae primum mouens, aërem cogat, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3083"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cohibendi <expan abbr="ſuſtinendiq́">ſuſtinendique</expan>. </s> <s>accipiat, ex quo concitatus, & ipſe vehat primum mobile, licèt partes coactę, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſuſtinentes, ſeu vehentes ſubinde aliæ & aliæ ſint, veriſimile item eſt ab illis partib. aëris propin<lb></lb>quiorib. aërem circunſtantem magis propelli, <expan abbr="prõptiusq́">promptiusque</expan>. </s> <s>arceri <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> quod olim docuimus <lb></lb>eſſe cauſſam cunctationis, vbi inanimum iam genitum properet in ſuum ipſius locum. </s> <s>Hoc ſiquis aſ<lb></lb>ſerat; nihil eſt, mea quidem ſententia, quod valde repugnet. </s> <s>Verùm quia negari non poteſt aliquam <lb></lb>imprimi vim corporib. naturalib. & perſuaſus quiſpiam ſit in hoc item motu ſaxum aliquid impe<lb></lb>tus ab externa vi accepiſſet. </s> <s>& dubitet, cur minus ſaxo, quàm aëri imprimatur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hoc dato <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis ita defendam. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cogitatione ſeuocabo id quod ineſt aduentitij, vnde próiectio<lb></lb>nis ratio ducitur, ab eo quod eſt natiuum in ſaxo. </s> <s>Hoc quod acceſſorium eſt, ab aëre & prius & <expan abbr="prõ-ptius">pron<lb></lb>ptius</expan> excipi docebo illo ſumpto principio quod <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> philoſophi naturales ſuo ſibi iure ſumunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nẽ-pe">Nem<lb></lb>pe</expan> agens efficacius agere in proximum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in remotum. </s> <s>Deinde altero illo, quae continua ſint: quorum <lb></lb>motus eſt vnus. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> perſpicuum eſt aërem mouenti viciniorem eſſe, cùm in eo motu ab <lb></lb>initio ſit vnum ex mouente & ſaxo; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſaxum ſimul vt pars mouentis agit in aërem; tum fit mobi<lb></lb>le per ſe, cùm ſeparatur à manu; ſed iam ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> & manu, & lapide vis aëri <expan abbr="medioq́">medioque</expan>. </s> <s>impreſſa eſt, <lb></lb>& cùm in aëre ſit continuatio; ex eo fit, vt, tanquam ſit vnicus motus partium aëris ſaxo circunſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3084"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tium; robur quod à mouente viciniori <expan abbr="cõicatur">conicatur</expan>, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in cęteris eius partib. facillimè conſer<lb></lb>uetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in iis quæ contra naturam proiiciuntur, argumentum noſtrum ſimpliciter concludeba<lb></lb>tur, & in vera proiectione. </s> <s>generatim verò concluditur, ſi adhibeamus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cauſſas iſtas adiuuantes <lb></lb>quas à medij natura ſumpſimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3077"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3078"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3079"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3080"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3081"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3082"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3083"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3084"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea ſignificantur, quæ pro Ariſtotele de proiectorum motu dici poſ<lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC pro nobis ſatis dicta ſint. </s> <s>Nunc illa exquiramus quæ pro Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſo dici poſſunt, & à no<lb></lb>ſtris neutiquam diſsidere oſtendamus. </s> <s>Pro Ariſt. </s> <s>verò hæc prænotanda occurrunt. </s> <s>Primùm qui<lb></lb>dem eam vim quæ mobili impertitur, longè diuerſam ab illa eſſe quæ natura inſita eſt; quanuis vtra<lb></lb>que nomine <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τῆς ὁρμῆς</foreign> appellari poſſe videatur, quem impetum, ſiue impulſum vocare <expan abbr="licebit̃">licebitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eſt verò generaliter impulſus initium quoddam motus, non ea ſanè ratione, quia ſit pars vt materia, <lb></lb>vel forma; ſed nec, vt aiunt, integralis: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>eſt aut fluxus formæ, aut forma fluens; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt vlla pri<lb></lb>ma pars motus, ſed aliquid motui neceſſariò præcedens. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> videtur <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> vnius eſſe <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>; <pb pagenum="508"></pb>quandò & aliunde, ac intrinſecùs exiſtit; & vbi intrinſecus eſt; & à natura, & ab animo proficiſcitur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3085"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> de eo ſine diſtinctione nihil decernendum puto. </s> <s>Videtur verò mihi primùm ſumi impulſus pro <lb></lb>potentia & habilitate proxima ad motum quæ comitatur internis principijs materiæ .ſ. </s> <s>& formæ, ſi<lb></lb>ue à materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeiungatur, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quod arbitror, ſit earum eſſentia, nam ſic eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus; atqui talis eſt ipſa natura <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> & materies ac forma ſpeciatim, & materiæ <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>generatim <lb></lb>generalis, <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpecialis & propria pro ea .ſ. </s> <s>ratione qua ſunt <expan abbr="vtræq́">vtræque</expan>. </s> <s>principia motus. </s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <lb></lb>exiſtit & ſuſcitatur ad motum, vbi iam ex incuſſa affectione ab <expan abbr="agẽte">agente</expan> forma conſequenda offertur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde <foreign lang="grc">ὁρμὴ τῆς μεταβολῆς</foreign> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>nuncupata, & à Græcis definita <foreign lang="grc">ἡ ἔνδοθεν ἀρχὴ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>internum <lb></lb>principium, & naturalia per tale principium ſegregata à non naturalib. necnon à tali impulſu acce<lb></lb>ptum naturam eſſe principium motus & ſtatus internum. </s> <s>Quare <foreign lang="grc">ορμὴ</foreign> primo loco erit vel natura, <lb></lb>vel eius poteſtas, habilitas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> propenſio ad motum, & illa quidem proxima. </s> <s>At verò & <foreign lang="grc">ὁρμὴ</foreign> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>mihi proponit actum quendam; eum motum appellauit Alexander ita definiens <foreign lang="grc">κὶνησιν ἑμφυχου γι<lb></lb>νομένην κατὰ φαντασιαν διωκτοὺ ἢ φουκτοῦ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>motum animati qui fit ex imaginatione rei perſe<lb></lb>quendæ, vel fugiendæ. </s> <s>Et quanuis ea definitio pertinere videatur ad animans: <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> item exiſtimati <lb></lb>aliquid habere <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> cum reb. inanimis, vtputa, quae motus, ſuſcitetur, vbi natura, vel efficiens offerat bo<lb></lb>num materiæ cuius appetitu ducta ſic, aut aliter concitetur; & cùm anteà quieſceret proximè inſur<lb></lb>gat ad motum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc quidem naturalis. </s> <s>Cùm igitur hæc, vt ita dicàm, ſuſcitatio naſcatur ab effi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3086"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciente, opus verò efficientis in ſe ipſo eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεια</foreign>, à ſeipſo factio, in patiente verò perpeſsio, erit er<lb></lb>go perpeſsio. </s> <s>Cæterùm quae perpeſsionis initium duplex: alterum per qualitates, quod eſt ſecundùm <lb></lb>qualitatem, vbi potentia materiæ, quatenus qualis eſt, immutatur; nihil de poteſtate ſubſtantiæ di<lb></lb>minuitur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum quod iam tetigit ſubſtantiæ poteſtatem; in toto illo primo officio, quia nil <lb></lb>interim comparatum fuerit, externum quendam impulſum collocabo, quem eundem cum violen<lb></lb>tia faciam; vbi gignendum ſit inanimum: nam poſterior eſt aliqua pars motus & formæ futuræ; pro<lb></lb>inde erit habilitas prima; <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> verò genitum fuerit, ipſum in habilitate ſecunda ſtatuam; ſic impul<lb></lb>ſus in pondere maximo quod in aëre ſuſtinetur, ex quo tendit funes, opprimit, & omni conatu vult <lb></lb>tendere in ſuum locum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mouetur <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>. </s> <s>& erit contentio conatus in re mobili ad illud <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> quod <lb></lb>ab efficiente præſentatur; & quaſi conſenſus quidam cum mouente: proptereà dicitur in motu natu<lb></lb>rali vim <expan abbr="cõferre">conferre</expan> id quod patitur. </s> <s>hoc eſt ſuoptè niſu adſpirare ad ſuum ipſius bonum; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>pro <expan abbr="rõ-ne">ron<lb></lb>ne</expan> ſuæ naturæ contendere, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> reniti, & pati ſe non trahi, ſed duci. </s> <s>Quamobrem definitio im<lb></lb>pulſus ab Alexandro allata aut erit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> repudianda, aut ſolùm pertinebit ad animalium motus in <lb></lb>quib. impulſus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, ſicut olim declarauimus, eſt motus quidam, vel alteratio, vel ſyſtole, aut diaſtole <lb></lb>in primo ſenſorio ex notione ſpeciei producta. </s> <s>Primus ille impulſus, quam facultatem nuncupaui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3087"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus, cum ipſa natura perpetuò retinetur; impulſus ille cui tribuimus actum, exoritur actu ſecundo <lb></lb>ſublato, & ſemper ex efficientis præſentia renouatur. </s> <s>ille <foreign lang="grc">ἔμφητος</foreign> eſt & natiuus, ſiue eſſentialis, al<lb></lb>ter aliunde adſciſcitur, & eſt per accidens, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> eum facultate conſentiens eſt ſecundùm naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>aut non præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Quicquid extrinſecùs eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conſentiente natura, vt arbitror, ap<lb></lb>pellatur in agente <foreign lang="grc">δύναμις</foreign>, robur & virtus, <foreign lang="grc">βία</foreign> verò in patiente, vis .ſ. </s> <s>& violentia, ſiquidem repu<lb></lb>gnet naturæ; & in agente erit de ſecunda ſpecie qualitatis, in patiente verò de ſecundo tertiæ ſpeciei <lb></lb>ſignificato; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> oritur ex paſsione præcedente, & in agentis abſentia conſeruatur, quod euenit <expan abbr="cõ-ſimiliter">con<lb></lb>ſimiliter</expan> in alias eius ſpeciei partes, vnde & imagines <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> habitus eſſe dicuntur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm ex eo, quae <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3088"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inuariabiliter pendeant ab agente, vt aiunt philoſophi præſtantiſsimi; ſed quae in ſubiecto cui inhærent <lb></lb>acceſſoriè, retineantur. </s> <s>Verùm & ſpecies ſecunda qualitatis in agente, & in patiente tertia non ſim<lb></lb>pliciter ſanè, ſed analogicè. </s> <s>nam multiplex eſt motus, & in ſubſtantia & in quanto, & quali, & vbi, at<lb></lb>que idem naturalis, aut violentus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimiliter ſe <expan abbr="hñt">habent</expan> omnes. </s> <s>Etenim in mutatione ſubſtantiæ paſ<lb></lb>ſio proximè reſpicit qualitates ſenſiles, quòd permanet forma ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad interitum & vlti<lb></lb>mum non eſſe, variatur ſolùm materia ſenſilis, quæ exiſtit ex formis ſenſilibus. </s> <s>Quantitatis item <lb></lb>mutatio, cùm ſibi mutationem ſubſtantiæ ſupponat, nihil habet quod cum ſubſtantia libi non ſit ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3089"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo modo <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan>. </s> <s>Mutatio quantitatis & loci, quemadmodum gemino pollent actu, primo .ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="ſcdo">ſecundo</expan>; <lb></lb>ſic afficiuntur bifariam, & actu primo afflicto, & labefactato <expan abbr="ſcdo">ſecundo</expan> prima illa <expan abbr="cõmotio">commotio</expan> illorum attin<lb></lb>git eſſentiam, & ita interna habenda eſt; poſterior vim <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> in actu <expan abbr="ſcdo">ſecundo</expan> & operatione, quare iudica<lb></lb>tur externa; contra <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accidens intendi <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, quod talis habetur actus ſecundus. </s> <s>Pone mihi nunc <expan abbr="elemẽ-tum">elemen<lb></lb>tum</expan> genitum extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>: ſuopte niſu in ipſum redibit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> impulſus erit quidem internus; ſed <lb></lb>cùm pendeat hic ex euento: euenit enim, vt quod genitum eſt, extra locum proprium maneat; ali<lb></lb>quid habet externi, & accidentis adiunctum: nihilominus ex fine ſtatuitur naturalis. </s> <s>Finge nunc <lb></lb>gigni elementum; & dum gignitur ferri in ſuum locum; non dubium eſt, quin antecedat paſ<lb></lb>ſio de tertia ſpecie qualitatis quæ ſit inſtrumentum quo efficiens incutit habilitatem materię ad for<lb></lb>mam nouam, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen intereà habilitatem ingenerauit, ſed alterat ſolùm; non gignit, neque <lb></lb>mouet de loco prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="cõmoueat">commoueat</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan>; quare externa ab initio eſſe videbitur, & violens; tum <lb></lb>naturalis, & interna, poſtquam cœpit labefactare ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc ſedulò diſtinguendum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> reſpexeris; eſt violens, cùm ſit <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> præſentem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; quandoquidem tendat ad for<lb></lb>mam <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> tempore materiæ propenſionem affert; quapropter in re mobili figitur, & <pb pagenum="509"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3090"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eius beneficio materia proficit in noua forma, & <expan abbr="eouſq.">eouſque</expan> nonnunquam, vt in efficientis abſentia <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <lb></lb>ſuum <expan abbr="conſequat̃">conſequatur</expan>, & vnà proficiens in loco, vt <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> locus quem per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> adipiſcitur. </s> <s>ſit planè na<lb></lb>turalis. </s> <s>Eſt ergo vis hæc partim violens, partim naturalis, & ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> violens, ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> naturalis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> hinc colligere licet non naturale multiplex eſſe; vnum in quo nulla ſit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> propenſio, nullus <lb></lb>impulſus, vt in lapide nullus impetus ad aſcenſum, eo non vergente, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materia: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>hic motus eſt ſimpliciter non naturalis: alter eſt quodammodo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturalis, ſi eò materia quidem <lb></lb>vergat, aut forma; ſed propter inconuenientem proportionem agentis ad patiens vel ocyus, vel ſerius <lb></lb>eò <expan abbr="deducat̃">deducatur</expan>, quò cupit, vel non <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> quò oportet, vel fortaſſe promoueatur vlterius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> oporteat; eſt <lb></lb>tertiò non naturale ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſolùm; naturale <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundùm materiam; vltimò partim natu<lb></lb>rale, partim non naturale diuerſis principiis vtrunque molientibus natura .ſ. </s> <s>& violentia. </s> <s>Talis eſt <lb></lb>proiectorum motus. </s> <s>Patet igitur ex his impetum illum eſſe <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> quendam & extrinſecum qui <expan abbr="ſub-ſtantiã">ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam</expan> non attingit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tantiſper afficit qualitatem; <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> aliquandiu conſeruetur in mobili <expan abbr="minuẽs">minuens</expan> <lb></lb>tantùm vel <expan abbr="immutãs">immutans</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundum mobilis qui poſitus eſt, vel in quiete naturali, in ſuo .ſ. </s> <s>loco, vel <lb></lb>in motu ad ipſum, qui ſanè, vt cęteræ formę naturales, pro ſubiecta materia plus minuſúe infigitur, & <lb></lb>acrius immutat, & diutius retinetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm magis <expan abbr="cõgruant">congruant</expan> vis illa & motus, ac medium propter <lb></lb>ancipitem illam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> de qua ſæpe iam dico cuius etiam multæ ſunt proprietates, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illę quidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3091"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inſignes; inclinatio ob quam medium facilè pellitur; humor cuius auxilio ſine vllo negocio diuidi<lb></lb>tur & coit, & è diuerſis partibus ſeſe penetrat, in anguſtum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> contrahitur, ac lapidis inſtar ſoli<lb></lb>deſcit: adde item <expan abbr="viciniã">viciniam</expan> & <expan abbr="continuitatẽ">continuitatem</expan> de qua nuper meminimus; efficitur vt à medio vis ipſius <lb></lb>proiicientis accipiatur promptius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hęreat diutius, <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>ſurſum velocius aër agitetur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſaxum <lb></lb>ſuopte nixu deſcenderet; moueaur pręter naturam: nam & hanc ipſam <expan abbr="cõditionem">conditionem</expan> requiri in hoc <lb></lb>motu credo, quam adhibuit Ariſt. </s> <s>cùm exponeret <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> aqua ſurſum traheretur, ſalua <expan abbr="cõ-tinuitate">con<lb></lb>tinuitate</expan> corporum vicinorum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Et quanuis ibi terram aſcendere negauit, quia ſurſum velocius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3092"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>agi non poſſet, quam ſuopte impulſu deſcendat; ea tamen ſurſum perſpicuè fertur impetu alieno; <lb></lb>memineris Ariſt. </s> <s>ibi præcisè locutum fuiſſe, & merita vacui ſolius ſpectantem, & <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> continui<lb></lb>tatem, qua ſeſe à contiguo trahi patiuntur, quae terræ ſuperficies, cùm aridiſsima ſit, cum cęteris conti<lb></lb>nuari nequeat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vis aëris attrahentis eius roboris, vt ſuperet terræ grauitatem, eo motu terram <lb></lb>aſcendere poſſe inficiari, ſed hîc vis externi mouentis in aëre impreſſa ſuperat natiuam terræ propen<lb></lb>ſionem. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis, ad ea redeo quæ in Ariſt. </s> <s>allata ſunt à Philopono, & eius imitatoribus; <lb></lb>ea verò ſic perbellè diluuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Dicẽdum">Dicendum</expan> igitur ad primum; non moueri proiectum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per <expan abbr="infini-tũ">infini<lb></lb>tum</expan> ſpatium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempore infinito, quia perſeuerat <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> dum permanet vis aëri à mouente primo <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3093"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>municata, quæ diutius retineri nequit, cùm motus ille <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ὀικεῖος</foreign> & proprius aëris, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõ-tra">con<lb></lb>tra</expan> naturam mobilis; idcirco diſſolubilis ſubinde præualente natura, quæ rapit in loca contraria. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quae eiuſmodi vis in medio creſcat, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per accidens eſt, non per ſe <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> neceſſarium: <lb></lb>cauſſa poſthàc explicabitur. </s> <s>Fit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, vt aër in anguſtum contractus, maiore impetu concitetur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vbi per amplum <expan abbr="diffundit̃">diffunditur</expan>. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contingit in aëre, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in eo qui inſigni quadam iniuria fuerit <lb></lb>affectus: etenim ab initio ſeſe recipiunt humores ad cor, vt in centrum: ibi cùm ſe continere <expan abbr="ne-queãt">ne<lb></lb>queant</expan>, maximè turgent, vt <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> impetu vehementiſsimo erumpant; cauſſa ex poſita in lib. de Gen. <lb></lb>anim. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & problematis, vbi de vehementia ventorum: nam cum materia minuatur; in ipſam plus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3094"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſt efficiens. </s> <s>Et cùm aër in plures partes ſecari valeat, <expan abbr="eæq́">eæque</expan>. </s> <s>inter ſe penetrent; diuerſis, & quaſi <lb></lb>contrariis motibus agitatur: ſic voces à reclamantibus audiuntur, & ſaxum fertur <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> ventum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ne putemus verò ſaxum poſſe tum ferri contra ventum, qui flabat tempore Anaxagoræ <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> à quo la<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3095"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pis ille multitalentus in aërem ſublatus eſt. </s> <s>Quod item in anguſtum contractus impellitur ac ro<lb></lb>buſtius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> per amplum diffuſus; inde eſt, vt niſi ſuperueniat aliud, à mouente proximo magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à <lb></lb>remoto concitetur. </s> <s>Solet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dici virtutem collectam eſſe robuſtiorem ſeipſa, cùm diſsipata fuerit: <lb></lb>eminus verò propter loci amplitudinem, quaſi diffluit aër, nec niſi à vi maxima cohibetur, qualem <lb></lb><expan abbr="flatuũ">flatuum</expan>, ſpirituumúe eſſe diximus, quę poſsit adhuc & aërem pellere, & <expan abbr="coactũ">coactum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſeruare">conſeruare</expan>, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> pellit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3096"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hinc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cauſſa affertur illius problematis, cur pila inflata magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alia corpora, repercutiatur; ex <lb></lb>eo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id facit, quae plus aëris ineſt, & magis in <expan abbr="anguſtũ">anguſtum</expan> contracti: nam ſic maior impetus adeſt ad de<lb></lb>ſcenſum ex materię multitudine creatus; ideò maior ictus infligitur, vnde oritur repercuſsio maior <lb></lb>(eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> repercuſsio motus in aduerſum factus in virtute primi mouentis) & quae in aëre leuitatis ſpe<lb></lb>cies ineſt, adeſt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> propenſio maior ad locum ſuperiorem. </s> <s>Quòd ſi pilam oſſeam obieceris, quę <lb></lb>multò plus reſiliat, nec tamen aëris <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> comprehendat, id <expan abbr="dẽſitati">denſitati</expan> dabis, cuius meritò impulſum <lb></lb>maiorem à mouente primo accipit: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aër in oſſe dominatur, vt in aëre dici ſolet: ſignum eius, quae, <lb></lb>reſonant. </s> <s>Sed quia concretior eſt aër in oſſe, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vis & impulſus eſt validior, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè ſi <lb></lb>cętera adiuuantia concurrant, lęuitas, paruitas, & figura, quia tum minus ab <expan abbr="obſtãtibus">obſtantibus</expan> retinentur, <lb></lb>& magis à mouente ſuperantur: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquod pondus, cuius ope reſiſtendo tantiſ per <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> <lb></lb>magis accipiunt, quod in proiectis requiri docuit aliquando Ariſt. </s> <s>& figura globoſa, dum medio <lb></lb>quodam modo offendit in <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, proiicientis opus pari <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> adiuuat & maior extat profectus mo<lb></lb>uentis in minore corpore, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in maiore, vt licet maioris, dum <expan abbr="tẽdit">tendit</expan> in <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum, motus ſit velocior: <lb></lb>at id magis natura præſtat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> externum: in minori verò plus adeſt <expan abbr="viriũ">virium</expan> externarum; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> multo <pb pagenum="510"></pb>plus eius quod eſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quod communicatum corpori, quod repercutit, ipſum etiam fert <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3097"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contra naturam magis: proinde res ibit magis <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo, tamen magis adiuuatur deſcenſus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aſcenſus propter dominium grauitatis de quo ſæpe iam dictum eſt. </s> <s>Haſtile etiam oblongum ve<lb></lb>locius fertur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi breuius fuerit, quae in principio multo plus aëris concitatur à maiore corpore; modò <lb></lb>præualeat mouens, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à minore: ſic enſe longiore fit maior ictus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> breuiore fieri ſoleat: in proceſſu <lb></lb>quoque vehementior eſt motus, quae plures aëris partes longiorem <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> breuiorem haſtam circundant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proiectorum impetus in medio creſcat, quia <expan abbr="cõtrouerſum">controuerſum</expan> eſt, operam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diligentio<lb></lb>rem flagitat, vt edoceatur. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa quæritur ſolùm eius euenti, ſed an'ne ita ſit, vt vulgò <lb></lb>(& mea quidem ſententia veriſsimè) accipitur. </s> <s>Etenim Ariſt. </s> <s>& aliter medium ſumere videtur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> hîc nos vſurpauimus, & additione notæ dubitantis <emph type="italics"></emph>fortaſſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> rem reddidiſſe perplexam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus duas terminorum <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> continet, & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ad quos, & inter quos exercetur; ea verò ſunt loca, <lb></lb>& extentionis ac productionis formæ & <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan>, quod in eo motu abſoluendo ponitur. </s> <s>Ac nos quidem <lb></lb>hoc poſteriore modo terminos motus accepimus, & temporis <expan abbr="ſucceſsionisq.">ſucceſsionisque</expan> partes in principium, <lb></lb>medium, <expan abbr="finemq́">finemque</expan>. </s> <s>diſtribuimus, <expan abbr="eiſq.">eiſque</expan> partibus imparem <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> quę in tribus his motibus ſecùn<lb></lb>dùm, præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & proiectione tribuimus. </s> <s>Atqui videtur Ariſt. </s> <s>de locorum terminis ſolùm feciſ<lb></lb>ſe mentionem, vt velocior ſit motus naturalis inibi, quò tendit; violentus, vnde eſt, in medio proie<lb></lb>ctio. </s> <s>in medio igitur loco. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ad locorum terminos tranſtulit hæc verba Alexander, & exemplis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3098"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oſtendit, vt habita <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> locorum, impar illa velocitas variis hiſce motibus adſcribenda ſit, vt gleba <lb></lb>terræ, ſi deorſum fertur, dum terminis inſtar, celerius agitur; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi vi compellatur, in termino <lb></lb>illo, vnde ſegregatur; ocyus fertur. </s> <s>Atqui, cùm proiectorum locus ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> infimus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſupremus, <lb></lb>quae eò ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſerrentur, aut contrà; ſed inter hos terminos, & in medio, in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> maio<lb></lb>rem vim obtinent: quaſi, cùm ſit motus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> medius, & in medio loco <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> imitetur, ob eam <lb></lb>.ſ. </s> <s>cauſſam, quia ſit in ſuo loco, ſit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> velocior: idem prætereà, cùm fiat ab externo, ſimilis ſit mo<lb></lb>tui violento, hic verò vehementior eſt ab initio, ſed cùm fiat in medio: ergo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in medio velocior <lb></lb>ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>proptereà, cùm in medio gemina velocitatis cauſſa concurrat; ibidem proiecta velo<lb></lb>cius agentur. </s> <s>Haud equidem inficiabor, <expan abbr="locorũ">locorum</expan> terminos cum terminis motus .i. </s> <s>ſucceſsionis, quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõgruit">congruit</expan> cum tempore <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan>; ſed illud approbare non poſſum, celeritatis inæqualitatem, ſolis <expan abbr="lo-corũ">lo<lb></lb>corum</expan> terminis eſſe <expan abbr="tributã">tributam</expan>; verùm ex <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> locis <expan abbr="inæqualitatẽ">inæqualitatem</expan> partium motus eſſe expreſſam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Signo illud eſto, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>hæc à cęlo abeſſe oſtenſurus, à <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſumit; at tempus per ſe mo<lb></lb>tus <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan>, per accidens verò terminos loci conſequitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam Alexander ipſe medium <lb></lb>& terminos, non locorum, ſed motus accepit. </s> <s>Præterquàm quae experientia docet in animante pręſer<lb></lb>tim, robur in medio creſcere, vt cum curribus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3099"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3085"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3086"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3087"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3088"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>mem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3089"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3090"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3091"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3092"></margin.target>a 4 de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3093"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3094"></margin.target>b Lib. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3095"></margin.target>c 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3096"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3097"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3098"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3099"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>- ſe effudere quadrigę<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Addunt ſe in ſpatia, & fruſtra retinacula tendens</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Fertur equis auriga, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> audit currus habenas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> alter ille, cùm brachium concalefeciſſet, tum ſe profeſſus eſt ſolere pugnare. </s> <s>Quòd ſi proie<lb></lb>ctione ſola animal agitari contendas, vt voluere Simplicius & Alexander; iam eſt, quod cupimus, <lb></lb>ſin <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> eſt proiectio quæ non ſint animantia, docet <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vſus augeſcere robur in medio motu, vt ex <lb></lb>plaga cominus, aut eminus inflicta conſtat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> eſt in medio motu, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in medio ſpatio <lb></lb>ſolùm, niſi, quatenus <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> cum motu <expan abbr="cõſentit">conſentit</expan>; vtputa ſpatij <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, aut finis cum principio, aut <lb></lb>fine motus, augeri robur in proiectis. </s> <s>Quamobrem reſtat, vt huius euenti cauſſa veſtigetur. </s> <s>Audiſti <lb></lb>quæ profitetur Alexander; ea tamen remota nimis, & fortè per accidens. </s> <s>nam cauſſæ velocitatis in <lb></lb>duo principiæ referuntur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>robur mouentis, & impedientis abſentiam. </s> <s>Cùm ergo quod mo<lb></lb>uet proiecta, ſit medium proximè, adhuc reddenda eſt cauſſa, cur aër habeat <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> vim quæ ſanè non <lb></lb>à loco, per quem mouetur <expan abbr="proiectũ">proiectum</expan>, ſed aliunde petatur oportet. </s> <s>Simplicius <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> in hoc motu, quod <lb></lb>in aliis euenire cenſebat; ab initio nimirùm contrahi <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="apparationẽ">apparationem</expan>, ſiue affectionem, quibus <lb></lb>animal habile redderetur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, vt quaſi inclinaretur eò, quò moueretur. </s> <s>Quare ſicuti propenſio<arrow.to.target n="marg3100"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne amplificata motus naturalis intenditur; ſic <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in proiectorum motu contingat. </s> <s>Atqui docturus <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fuit, cur vbi propenſio ſit, vt in motu naturali; creſcat motus celeritas in proiectis <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan>; id verò non ex habilitate <expan abbr="cõtracta">contracta</expan> naſcebatur, ſed erat vniuerſum <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan> & <expan abbr="acceſſoriũ">acceſſorium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non erat illud ſatis nouo nomine <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> illam, ſiue <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> exprimere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cùm ea quæ <lb></lb>iam mobilis ipſius eſt facta, <foreign lang="grc">ἠπιτηδείτης</foreign> appelletur, quæ pendet ab externo <foreign lang="grc">πρόδρομος διάθεσις</foreign>, <lb></lb>hanc ipſe <foreign lang="grc">παρασκευὴν</foreign> nominauit: ſed, cùm aliunde naſceretur, cauſſas eius apparatus ediſſerere. <lb></lb></s> <s>oportuit. </s> <s>Proinde hæc à nobis ex Ariſt. </s> <s>afferetur. </s> <s>quandoquidem <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> illa vis par<lb></lb>tibus aëris circunſtantib. ideò multò plures per aliquod <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan> mouentur, & ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="præſtandũ">præſtandum</expan> <lb></lb>concurrunt: quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vires illi adiiciunt. </s> <s>Idcirco docebat Ariſt. </s> <s>cur Noti tertia die & apud nos fla<lb></lb>rent vehementius, <expan abbr="q̃">quam</expan> prima, aut ad tropicum Cancri. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita euenit, quia longius abſumus. </s> <s>lta fit, <lb></lb>vt ad tropicum Auſtri parui <expan abbr="ſegneſq́">ſegneſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint, nam propter viciniam parum adhuc aëris commotum <lb></lb>fuit, & ab eorum ortus initio, ea verò omnia ſolent eundo vires acquirere. </s> <s><pb pagenum="511"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3101"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3100"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3101"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alię difficultates aduerſus Aristotelicam poſitionem de proiectorum motu tolluntur, & aliorum <lb></lb>problematum cauſſæ recenſentur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ANTEQVAM ad reliqua proficiſcor, attentare libet experientiam illam quæ tanto artificio <lb></lb>apparata fuit ad <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> noſtri pręceptoris expugnandam. </s> <s>tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſus & obſeruationum <lb></lb>pondus eſſe debet apud <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, vt niſi aliqua machina labefactentur, quęcunque de<lb></lb>cernuntur, <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> ſuſpicionis affinia ſint: verumenimuerò quae & <expan abbr="craſsũ">craſsum</expan> nimis eſt <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> ſenſus, & ve<lb></lb>ritas ipſa ſeſe abdidit in <expan abbr="profundũ">profundum</expan>: illud <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> philoſopho <expan abbr="aduertendũ">aduertendum</expan> eſt, ne in experientia fallacia la<lb></lb>teat. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> interioris iudicij <expan abbr="implorandũ">implorandum</expan> eſt auxilium, quod ſanè nobis in præſentia ſuppetit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim motus ille eius orbis, qui moueri fingitur in tabula <expan abbr="quieſcẽte">quieſcente</expan> per manubria præſefert in hy<lb></lb>potheſi <expan abbr="falſitatẽ">falſitatem</expan>. </s> <s>quęrimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quid moueat <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>; ac ſi per manubria concitatur <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> ſibi <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan>, <lb></lb>non eſt motus ille, de quo nunc diſſerimus, agimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de motu <expan abbr="proiectorũ">proiectorum</expan>, in quibus mobile à mo<lb></lb>uente primo ſeparatur, & quod aëre non ſolùm <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> medio, per quod feratur, vti ſolet, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mo<lb></lb>uente & impellente. </s> <s>quae ſi manubria moueri fingamus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à motore primo ſeparata: & cum ipſis <expan abbr="or-bẽ">or<lb></lb>bem</expan> illum <expan abbr="implantatũ">implantatum</expan> in tabula: iam ego <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> in aëre à mouente primo vim <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="impreſsã">impreſsam</expan>, quod <lb></lb>ſi aut alter eſt orbis illius motus à <expan abbr="manubriorũ">manubriorum</expan> motu; at cum ipſa tabula rotatur, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> motus ille tan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3102"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> continui reputandus eſt; <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ad id aëre intercluſo momentum propter <expan abbr="exilitatẽ">exilitatem</expan> obtinente, & <lb></lb>quanuis ſerius fortaſſe voluatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id à quo mouetur; nil id officit continuitati motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mobi<lb></lb>lis, hoc volutationis natura tolerantes: partes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ axi propinquiores ſunt, ſegnius agitantur, ſiue à <lb></lb>latere, ſiue directò, vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> venit in <expan abbr="ſuſpicionẽ">ſuſpicionem</expan> <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan> philoſophorum motus planetarum, ne ſit <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐξ ὑπολε̂ιψεως</foreign>, hoc eſt, quae inferiores orbes <expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan> aſſequi non poſsint: quandò minor vis remo<lb></lb>tiori, <expan abbr="q̃">quam</expan> viciniori tribuitur. </s> <s>Nil eſt igitur, quae <expan abbr="experientiã">experientiam</expan> hanc formidemus, quare <expan abbr="trãſeamus">tranſeamus</expan> ad alia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Latini ſolent vrgere Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Primùm ſi velocius aër mouetur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> lapis: quid pro<lb></lb>hibet, quominus aër ipſi præueniat, ab <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparetur? </s> <s>Secundò ſi requiritur medium <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan>, <expan abbr="pro-iectorũ">pro<lb></lb>iectorum</expan> motus non videbitur per ignim adminiſtrari poſſe: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> experientia nobis monſtrat, in loco <lb></lb>ignis fieri <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> genus ſyderum <expan abbr="tranſilientiũ">tranſilientium</expan>, quod mouetur inſtar <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ proiiciuntur, vt ve<lb></lb>riſimile <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſit, ſi ibi ſint proiiciens & id quod proiici poſsit, eiuſmodi <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> motum futurum. </s> <s>Varia <lb></lb>ſanè Latini dicunt ad primum. </s> <s>Egidius Burleus, & Paulus Venetus. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex aceptis ita cenſe<lb></lb>mus tolli dubitationem: nimirùm quae in circulum aëri vis à proiiciente <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> proii<lb></lb>ciens maximè quaſi ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> agitur accedente <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reſiſtentia mobilis, ex qua <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> retinentur partes <lb></lb>propellentes, & prohibentur, quominus præueniant, ideò in tantas anguſtias cogitur, & quaſi ſolide<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3103"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcit, & accipit tam <expan abbr="vehementẽ">vehementem</expan> impulſum, vt ſimul promoueat ſaxum: ob id non præuenit ipſi, niſi <lb></lb>vbi <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> in <expan abbr="amplũ">amplum</expan> diffundi, & vis à <expan abbr="proiiciẽte">proiiciente</expan> incuſſa fatiſcere <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> cęperit. </s> <s>& tum derelinquens <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan>, ab eius impetu natiuo deuicta non promouet amplius. </s> <s>Albertus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Saxon concedebat ſecun<lb></lb>dùm; proptereà coactus eſt negare in loco ignis fieri tale genus <expan abbr="ſyderũ">ſyderum</expan> <expan abbr="diſcurrentiũ">diſcurrentium</expan>, aut non eo <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb>diximus modo. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in igni <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> fieri poſſe putamus, quia <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> ipſe coniunctus ſit <lb></lb>cum corpore humido quo nutrit, vt aliàs abundè docebimus. </s> <s>Necnon quae in illo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> loco eſt aliquid, <lb></lb>quod fit vel graue, vel leue, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> merito per accidens in igni ſunt ea quæ <expan abbr="proiectorũ">proiectorum</expan> motui <expan abbr="fauẽt">fauent</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſtat id quod monuit nos Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="proiectorũ">proiectorum</expan> in vacuo <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> fieri poſſe, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3104"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aërem ibi adeſſe qui à violante ſuſcipiens <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> valeat ipſum promouere. </s> <s>At verò mirum for<lb></lb>taſſe <expan abbr="cuipiã">cuipiam</expan> videri poſsit; ſi vis quæ contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouet, & propius & ab initio <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> af<lb></lb>fert, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in id quod minus eſt, quantò maior eſt, proportio agentis ad patiens, tanto moueat effica<lb></lb>cius; attamen proiiciatur facilius aliquod mobile maius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> minus: ita vt proportio quidem augeri <lb></lb>videatur, motionis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> efficacitas minui. </s> <s>Reſpondebat ad hoc Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inquiens oportere id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3105"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proiicitur, & impellitur, & cedere & vnà contrà niti ei quod impellit, quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ob magnitudinem <lb></lb>nihil cedit, aut non contrà nititur propter <expan abbr="imbecillitatẽ">imbecillitatem</expan>, non producit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> proiectionis, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> im<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3106"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pulſionis, hinc fieri dicimus, vt exilia corpora moueantur ægerrimè, quaſi fugiant actionem, atque <lb></lb>id iis eueniat, quæ manu, cùm retinere velimus, præ paruitate elabuntur, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fit, vt ve<lb></lb>lociter <expan abbr="currentẽ">currentem</expan> non pellamus, declinat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> præ celeritate impulſum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> renititur: ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in pulſione <lb></lb>leuis, aut eius, quod præ paruitate leui æquiperatur, vſuueniat <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> contingere <expan abbr="teſtabat̃">teſtabatur</expan> Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>in mutatione qualitatis: parua <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt in lib. de ortu dictum eſt, inepta ſunt perpeſsioni, quòd facilè <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐξολισθαῖνει</foreign> .i. </s> <s>elabuntur, <expan abbr="acieſq́">acieſque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſa qua cernimus, quæ pupilla vocatur, ita parua eſt, vt ea quæ <lb></lb>nocere poſsint, facilè vitet. </s> <s>ex hoc efficitur, vt nautæ contra flumen non remo, ſed conto vtantur, <lb></lb>quia non renititur aqua fluens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſeruit pulſioni. </s> <s>Nouimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> afferri <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan>. </s> <s>nimirùm <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> fertur id quod fertur, quantum mouerit aëris ad profundum .i. </s> <s>quaſi in <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> coëgerit, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mouebit <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, id <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> proiici aut impelli non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> verò tum <lb></lb>id quod <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> eſt, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan>, hoc habent: illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> eſt, agi non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quod autem <lb></lb><expan abbr="paruulũ">paruulum</expan>, non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> propellere <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, quo fit, vt id quod proiicitur, ad proiiciens habeat quandam <lb></lb>ſymmetriam. </s> <s>Hęc Ariſt. </s> <s>quidem. </s> <s>ſed cùm accipiat <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> quam in methodo naturali repudiarit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> aërem ab initio per <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobile pelli, & aërem conſtituerit in acroamaticis in virtute primi <lb></lb>mouentis <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobile velocitate antecedere; vnde conſequatur, vt mobile <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ab aëre <expan abbr="cõmo-">commo<lb></lb></expan> <pb pagenum="512"></pb>to promoueri poſsit vlterius. </s> <s>in eo tamen diſſerat à naturali, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> genito diximus in medio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3107"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>produci, quae illa mutatio foret: hic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> verè motus ſit. </s> <s>hanc ipſam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, non ſanè vt veram, ſed vt à <lb></lb>cęteris <expan abbr="approbatã">approbatam</expan> recenſere voluerit. </s> <s>quaſi ſignificet, vbi quis approbet <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> mobili, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> medio po<lb></lb>tius imprimi, ita ad <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> propoſitam reſpondere poſsit. </s> <s>Quęret prætereà <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan>; cur ea quæ <lb></lb>proiiciuntur, ſegnius ſecus <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> & per minus <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> feruntur, quam ſi <expan abbr="paullulũ">paullulum</expan> attollantur, & <expan abbr="quo-dãmodò">quo<lb></lb>dammodò</expan> <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> faciant. </s> <s>An duplex huius euenti cauſſa eſt, vna <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> per ſe, &, vt aiunt, eſſentialis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera fortuita: prima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, aëris ipſius propenſio ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan>, propter quam facilè ſe at<lb></lb>tolli patitur. </s> <s>Altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia ſecus <expan abbr="tertã">tertiam</expan> ab eius ſoliditate & inæqualitate frangitur aër, & ad terræ <lb></lb>partes <expan abbr="applicat̃">applicatur</expan>, nec circutius ſuos abſoluit, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in ſublimi. </s> <s>Adde etiam, quae circulus mul<lb></lb>tò plus amplectitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> diameter, itaque plus aëris <expan abbr="cõmouetur">commouetur</expan>, quaſi <expan abbr="imitet̃">imitetur</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> ſecuris, quo at<lb></lb>tollitur, & fundę <expan abbr="rotationẽ">rotationem</expan> & haſtæ <expan abbr="librationẽ">librationem</expan>: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> generis <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde, ſi propter <expan abbr="veloci-tatẽ">veloci<lb></lb>tatem</expan> <expan abbr="proiectorũ">proiectorum</expan> motus ab aliis diſtinguuntur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>in medio ſit maior, & hic eſt ad latera; alter ve<lb></lb>rò, qui directò ad terminos contrarios præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: ergo <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in principio ve<lb></lb>locior eſt, attamen ea quæ à tormentis & balliſtis directò iactantur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in medio velocius aguntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>igitur aut ea non eſt differentia <expan abbr="proiectorũ">proiectorum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouentur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nos profitemur, <lb></lb>ex terminis motus, aut non ea differentia, quam tradit Ariſt. </s> <s>An id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per accidens euenit, bene<lb></lb>ficio .ſ. </s> <s>figuræ mouentis, quę <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> adeò aërem in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="anguſtiſsimũ">anguſtiſsimum</expan> ſpatium cogit, vnde aër <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3108"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex illis anguſtiis in <expan abbr="amplũ">amplum</expan> diffuſus, impetu maximo partes aëris anteriores propellit, & ita promouet <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mobile magis in progreſſu, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab initio; cùm cęteroqui, ſi lapidem manu fundaúe <expan abbr="proiiciã">proiiciam</expan>, quia <lb></lb>tantus aër non colligitur, proximis partibus efficaciter ſolùm <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>; deinceps elangueſcit: <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>puto, ſi <expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan> <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> directò iaciat, <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> certè <expan abbr="ictũ">ictum</expan> fieri cominus. </s> <s>Vnum verò <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſim<lb></lb>pliciter hunc non eſſe teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>oſtendens eum fieri per <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> vectionis, ſed vehentia mu<lb></lb>tari, tanquam eos qui facem in Cerealibus Athenis ſibi de manu in manum tradunt, neque de hoc <lb></lb>quicquam eſt, quod dubitetur. </s> <s>Idcirco etiam, cùm mobile quod ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouetur, vnum <lb></lb>ſit, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>vnico motu cieri poſsit, ideò etiam à quo ſecundùm naturam mouetur, vnum eſſe non <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="ambigendũ">ambigendum</expan>: quare non mouetur à medij partibus, ſed per illas ſolùm & <expan abbr="cedũt">cedunt</expan> ipſę, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vehunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3102"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3103"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3104"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 68</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3105"></margin.target>b <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mec. <lb></lb></s> <s>34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3106"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3107"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3108"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum ſententię recitantur de motu hypeccaumatis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XL<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOVETVR & hypeccauma, quod eſt ſuprema pars aëris, motu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> in gyrum, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> apparet ex motu <expan abbr="cometarũ">cometarum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ab alio <expan abbr="nẽpè">nempè</expan> à cęlo; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: <expan abbr="quan-doquidẽ">quan<lb></lb>doquidem</expan> vnus vnius corporis ſimplicis ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> motus eſt, & ipſius igni aſcenſus. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3109"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obrem, cùm grauia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>., aut ſecundùm, aut pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueantur; hypeccauma verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> in gyrum ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſanè moueri ipſum oportet. </s> <s>Atqui <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt ita moueatur hypeccauma; proptereaquam motus præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> motui naturali <expan abbr="cõ-trarius">con<lb></lb>trarius</expan> eſt; ergo motus hic eſſet ei contrarius, quo ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouetur, ille verò aſcenſus eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>aſcenſui verò contrarius eſt deſcenſus, ſed <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> vni <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur motus in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> naturæ hy<lb></lb>peccaumatis aduerſatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neceſſariã">Neceſſariam</expan> verò eſſe <expan abbr="argumentationẽ">argumentationem</expan> hanc nos id perſuadet, quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ea-dẽ">ea<lb></lb>dem</expan> vtitur ad <expan abbr="probandũ">probandum</expan> <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan>, neque ſecundùm, neque præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> igni tribuendam eſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò Xenarchus audiendus eſt qui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exiſtimanit <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>, <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> hypeccaumatis <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> conuenire poſſe, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> credidit ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan>, vnum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe vnius tantùm <lb></lb>corporis <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſicuti <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de aëre videri poſſet, qui ſimul grauis & leuis eſt, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd ſit <lb></lb>hic motus naturalis, quia motus totius, ſicut motus totius animalis eſt <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quae vnà cum <lb></lb>cęlo feratur, aut cum vniuerſo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> pars eius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> motus & corpora ſimplicia reciprocari <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt anteà; <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>explanata, vt ſimplices motus & corpora ſimplicia ſecum congruant. </s> <s>Et in motu <lb></lb>animalis eſt partium difformitas, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>multiplex motus, ſed in elementis vna propenſio tantùm. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae ſi in 1. de Cęlo conſiderantur elementa vt mundi partes, & ibi vnus motus ex na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3110"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnus contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſingulis attribuitur, falſum, quae vt partes mundi duplici motu <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueantur, quae ſi ibi vt corpora ſimplicia ſpectantur, non vt partes, quod voluere nonnulli. <lb></lb></s> <s>At cùm id ex demonſtratis hactenus non haberetur, & erat adhuc controuerſum, non erat gratis aſ<lb></lb>ſumendum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi 8. Phyſ. ab alio moueri <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> eſt, vbi contingit plures eſſe lationes; at non <lb></lb>idcirco eſt motus ille naturalis. </s> <s>Proptereà aliam <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> Auerroës ingreſſus eſt, & quaſi anceps conceſ<lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> in <expan abbr="Alexãdri">Alexandri</expan> <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan>; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> primùm dixit, <expan abbr="cõuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> in hypeccaumate per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ineſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>At dicet <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan>, ita vrgebo te, ò Auerroës, quia ſi motus hic in hypeccaumate per accidens, & præ<lb></lb>ter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ineſſet; ergo duo vni <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> contraria forent. </s> <s>Cęterùm reſpondet Auerroës, & id aduer<lb></lb>ſario dat. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> eſt, inquit, vni duo fore contraria; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> <expan abbr="sũmè">summè</expan> ſint, vel remiſsè, <lb></lb>ſicut <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> & nigrum, album & viride: <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> certè niſi vnum eſſe nequit, media & remiſſa plura <lb></lb>eſſe nil prohibet: & in hunc <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> accipit Auerroës hypotheſin <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="Ariſtotelicã">Ariſtotelicam</expan>, Vni tantùm vnum <lb></lb>eſſe contrarium. </s> <s>Confirmat <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> molæ: nam mouetur ipſa in gyrum, qui motus eſt contra<lb></lb>rius eius motui naturali, nimirùm deſcenſui; tamen non <expan abbr="sũmè">summè</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrarius">contrarius</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> & <expan abbr="aſcẽſus">aſcenſus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attamen & <expan abbr="eidẽ">eidem</expan> difficultati obnoxia eſt hæc reſponſio, quia ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ego <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> ad <expan abbr="Ariſtotelicã">Ariſtotelicam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>. <pb pagenum="513"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3111"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obiicit Ariſt. </s> <s>Vni tantùm <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>: id verè pronunciati de perfectè <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan>, at mo<lb></lb>tus ille in gyrum non maximè opponitur motui recto. </s> <s>Quamobrem ipſe <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> Auerroës acceſsit <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="Alexãdrũ">Alexandrum</expan> <expan abbr="dicẽs">dicens</expan>, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> ambiguæ prędicari de motu cęli, & hypeccaumatis, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> motus <lb></lb>cęli ſimplex eſt: hypeccaumatis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non eſt abſolutè præter naturam: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> non eſt oppoſitus motui ſimplici recto: quocirca <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> cum ipſo conſtare, quae ſi foret ſim<lb></lb>plex & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, profecto motui recto foret contrarius. </s> <s>Itaque, cùm de ſimplici motu diſſerat <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de compoſito; valet Ariſtotelica ratio. </s> <s>nec proptereà tollitur, quominus hypeccau<lb></lb>ma moueatur in gyrum. </s> <s>Compoſitus verò eſt, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> conſtat è diuerſis partibus <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> nonnullę <lb></lb>detruduntur in <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> aëris <expan abbr="ſtagnantẽ">ſtagnantem</expan>, aliæ excalfactæ aſcendunt ad <expan abbr="concauũ">concauum</expan> orbis Lunæ, & <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſimul <lb></lb>propter ſuam <expan abbr="liquiditatẽ">liquiditatem</expan> cęleſte corpus in ſequuntur, & cum eo mouentur in gyrum, quaſi neceſsita<lb></lb>ſe ſuæ conſequentes. </s> <s>Veruntamen ſi ignis eſt corpus ſimplex, & corpus ſimplex motu ſim<lb></lb>plici mouetur, non autem compoſito: ergo etiam ignis motu compoſito moueri non poterit. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>Philoponus <expan abbr="Simpliciuſq́ue">Simpliciuſque</expan> de hac ipſa re diſſerentes idem opinati ſunt euenire motui hypeccau<lb></lb>matis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="planetarũ">planetarum</expan>, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſi motu proprio ab occaſu mouentur in <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan>, alieno verò, <expan abbr="nẽpè">nempè</expan> diurno <lb></lb>ab ortu in occaſum, neque <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> is motus <expan abbr="exiſtimãdus">exiſtimandus</expan> eſt <expan abbr="violẽtus">violentus</expan> orbibus <expan abbr="planetarũ">planetarum</expan>: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eiuſmodi <lb></lb>eſt in cęlo quod ſit per accidens, & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſed potius affert <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> interitum: & de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3112"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="niq.">nique</expan> ſalutaris eſt: cùm is qui præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt, ſit penitus ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ignis <expan abbr="deſcẽſus">deſcenſus</expan>, <lb></lb>aut aſcenſus aquę; ſic motus hypeccaumatis in <expan abbr="gyrũ">gyrum</expan> eſt ab alio, nec peſtifer, ſed ſalutaris. </s> <s>Hoc item <lb></lb>inſpiciens Diuus Thomas dixit <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>; <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> inferiora ſunt idonea moueri à <lb></lb>ſuperioribus, & gubernari ab illis: quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in mundo <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> poſuere <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> & D. Tho<lb></lb>mas, & Iandunus alioquin acerrimus hoſtis Diui Thomę. </s> <s>Verumetiam ſi ita ſit, vt aiunt iſti philo<lb></lb>ſophi, nihilominus oportebat defendere <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="Ariſtotelicã">Ariſtotelicam</expan>: proptereaque ego rurſus <expan abbr="opponã">opponam</expan> eam <lb></lb>nullius momenti <expan abbr="futurã">futuram</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> vbi quærit Ariſt. </s> <s>an motus ille in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> conueniat hypeccau<lb></lb>mati ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aut contrà, & affert <expan abbr="incõmoda">incommoda</expan> quę <expan abbr="conſequunt̃">conſequuntur</expan> <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="mẽbrũ">membrum</expan> dilemmatis: <lb></lb><expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> ego ad Ariſt. </s> <s>neque ſecundùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> circulo moueri, ſed vt à meliore natu<lb></lb>ra, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita eludetur Ariſt. </s> <s>Et parùm ab his differenter, vt euitaret hanc <expan abbr="difficultatẽ">difficultatem</expan> Lud. </s> <s>Bucc. </s> <s><expan abbr="diſtin-ctionẽ">diſtin<lb></lb>ctionem</expan> <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> excogitauit inquiens, præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſumi <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, aut poſitiuè .i. </s> <s>contrà <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aut priuati<lb></lb>uè .i. </s> <s>non ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quia .ſ. </s> <s>neque conſeruet <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> corrumpat, quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alij philoſophi <lb></lb>dixerunt <expan abbr="neutrũ">neutrum</expan>, vti conſtat apud Auerroëm. </s> <s>Vnde ad <expan abbr="obiectionẽ">obiectionem</expan> ſe reſpondere putat. </s> <s>cùm enim <lb></lb>quæritur, an rectè concludatur Ariſtotelis ratio. </s> <s>Ait quidem. </s> <s>At labefactatur ab eadem inſtantia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Reſpondet hîc Ariſt. </s> <s>accipere præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> propriè & poſitiuè; nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in igni dicimus ineſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3113"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in <expan abbr="gyrũ">gyrum</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> priuatiuè: quare valent Ariſtotelicę concluſiones aduerſus illu qui eſt pręter <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> poſitiuè: non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> illum, qui eſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> priuatiuè. </s> <s>Attamen <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hic vna opera <lb></lb>ebur, atramento candefacere poſtulat. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> prorſus imperfecta mihi videtur hæc ſolutio: quoniam <lb></lb>ea non eſſet <expan abbr="accõmodata">accommodata</expan> diuiſio <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> in eos qui ſunt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eo quòd <lb></lb>aut præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> propriè ſumitur, & ſic non eſt plena diuiſio, & <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> <expan abbr="conſequẽtis">conſequentis</expan>, aut <expan abbr="cõ-muniter">con<lb></lb>muniter</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita nil prohibet hypeccauma circulo moueri, quo fit, vt Ariſt. </s> <s>fine ſuo fruſtretur. </s> <s>prę<lb></lb>terquamquae hæc partitio tollet vſum eius propoſitionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus aut eſt ſecundùm, aut præter <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> qui in libris de cęlo frequentiſsimus eſt, & in ea demonſtratione potiſsimùm qua <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe concluditur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quanquã">Quanquam</expan> ſectatores Scoti <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> argumento, quo conuincere ſe putant inter æqui<lb></lb>uoca & vniuoca, <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> non eſſe, & euerrere <expan abbr="conãtur">conantur</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ad vnum, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eleuabunt hanc <expan abbr="partitio-nẽ">partitio<lb></lb>nem</expan>, eo quia ſecundùm & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> contradicentia <expan abbr="cõplectuntur">complectuntur</expan>. </s> <s>ſiquidem vbi mouetur <expan abbr="quip-piã">quip<lb></lb>piam</expan>, aut vim confert, aut non; ac ſi vim confert, ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouetur; ſi minus pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm igitur conferre vim, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conferre <expan abbr="cõtradicentia">contradicentia</expan> ſint, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>medio vacantia: medio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> va<lb></lb>cabunt hæc, moueri ſecundùm & præter naturam. </s> <s>Mitto nunc <expan abbr="vniuerſalẽ">vniuerſalem</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quæ nihil ad rem <lb></lb>conducit hoc loco, vt etiam prætereo prudens expoſitionem Alberti quam Zimara defendebat; ni<lb></lb>mirùm quòd motus in gyrum inſit in igni per accidens; cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſe cęcutiat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> videat Auerroëm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3114"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idem reputaſſe. </s> <s>pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & per accidens: quocirca aut incidit in <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> lacunam quam ſuprà <lb></lb>ſignificauimus, aut præceptorem <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> deſerere cogitur. </s> <s>Prætereo etiam quae motus hypeccaumatis in <lb></lb>gyrum non <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> eſt ad <expan abbr="ſalutẽ">ſalutem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ad interitum, quae ex aëre fit quidem ignis amplificatio calore, <lb></lb>& aërea humiditate conſumpta, ſed idem ignis procedens ob eundem motum ad ſummum calo<lb></lb>ris, etiam ſibi conficit alimentum, & ob eius inopiam concidit in terram.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3109"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3110"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3111"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3112"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3113"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3114"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Euertitur noua quædam ratio, qua dilemma Ariſtotelis de hypeccaumatis motu <lb></lb>colligitur. </s> <s>Caput XLI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANTVM diſtat, bone Deus, Ariſt. </s> <s>à præceptore ſuo Platone? </s> <s>ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motum hypeccau<lb></lb>matis aſſeuerabat eſſe <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, quem poſteà præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſe voluit Ariſt. </s> <s>Niſi fortè Plato <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> exiſtimarit, quia reſpexit eius <expan abbr="perpetuã">perpetuam</expan>, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="interruptã">interruptam</expan> <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> loco, tametſi <lb></lb>diuerſæ partes erant ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, & in ſubiectis. </s> <s>quæ loco & <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> diſiungerentur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duo <lb></lb>motus vni corpori <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> conuenire poſſunt. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> minus à patrono ſuo diſceſsit Ale <pb pagenum="514"></pb>xander, qui <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> illum qui à cęli conuerſione per <expan abbr="contactũ">contactum</expan> hypeccaumati <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, ad terram <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3115"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vſque progredi conſuerit aſſeuerante Ariſt. </s> <s>intra <expan abbr="montiũ">montium</expan> ciuitates aërem ſtagnare. </s> <s>Niſi & ille ſibi <lb></lb>voluerit <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> multò latius patere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> nos hîc accipiamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> circulum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="horizon-tẽ">horizon<lb></lb>tem</expan> fieri docuit aliquandò Ariſt. </s> <s>dum <expan abbr="ventorũ">ventorum</expan> varietates edoceret, & <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> in alterna <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>propagatione poſuit. </s> <s>Sed tam remotas opiniones in præſentia dimittamus, & illa veſtigemus quæ <lb></lb>magis propoſito conducant, ea verò pertinent illò, vt progreſſus Ariſt. </s> <s>iteretur, & exploremus eius <expan abbr="cõ-ſiliũ">con<lb></lb>ſilium</expan> in illo dilemmate propter <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> <expan abbr="nonnullorũ">nonnullorum</expan> qui <expan abbr="nouũ">nouum</expan> <expan abbr="auxiliũ">auxilium</expan> rationi Ariſt. </s> <s>ſuppeditare <lb></lb>ſtuduerunt. </s> <s>Sed in primis expediet, ſi motus <expan abbr="cõpoſitus">compoſitus</expan> diſtinguatur: ex quo pateat qui motus ille <lb></lb>ſit qui adſcribitur hypeccaumati. </s> <s>Igitur motui ſimplici repugnat compoſitus. </s> <s>At verò compoſitio <lb></lb>non eſt vniuſmodi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="formalẽ">formalem</expan> (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vocare liceat) agnoſco. </s> <s>quæ per ſe fit, vbi alterius <lb></lb>prioris notio poſterioris notioni ſupponatur, vt priuationi ſupponitur notio habitus, de qua alibi <lb></lb><expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> realem appello, in qua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> notio ſolùm, ſed res ipſa multò prius flagitatur: huius <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> multæ ſunt ſpecies; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> prima conſtat ex altera <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> parte quæ <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> materiæ ſubit propter <expan abbr="ingeni-tã">ingeni<lb></lb>tam</expan> <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> ad cohęrentiam & <expan abbr="coitionẽ">coitionem</expan>. </s> <s>ſic ex materia & forma fit vnum per ſe, fit <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, vt duitas <lb></lb>ex duabus vnitatibus, cùm <expan abbr="vtręq.">vtręque</expan> vim potentię <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="retineãt">retineant</expan>, nec tamen <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> amittant, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contingit in mixto è pluribus elementis, & ex albi & nigri miſcella fit viride, fit & <expan abbr="ter-tiũ">ter<lb></lb>tium</expan> ex <expan abbr="extremorũ">extremorum</expan> principiis, ſeu virtutibus, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> viride ex certa mixtura lucidi, & opaci quæ ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3116"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principia colorum. </s> <s>Eſt & vltima <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> è principiis, quæ tametſi per ſe conſiſtant, <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> tamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> non habent, quandò inſtituuntur ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, vt vapor & halitus, ex quibus aërem componi <lb></lb>docet paſsim Ariſt. </s> <s>In his quæ conſtant ex <expan abbr="extremorũ">extremorum</expan> primordiis & vna eſt forma, & vna operatio <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, vtriſque ſanè principiis atteſtans; nihilominus vnico actu, <expan abbr="ſuiq́">ſuique</expan>. </s> <s>ipſius proprio pollens, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſupra <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt de iis quę in aliquo genere <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ordine collocantur, & vt ſæpè dixi<lb></lb>mus, ob naturæ <expan abbr="humilitatẽ">humilitatem</expan> quæ ſi <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> adipiſci nequeunt, <expan abbr="mediã">mediam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quidem; ſed tamen <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <lb></lb>habuerunt, vt elementa media. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> talia ſunt, quia <expan abbr="cõſtent">conſtent</expan> è pluribus extremis <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> concurren<lb></lb>tibus, ſed quae eorum poteſtas <expan abbr="extremorũ">extremorum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> non aſſequatur. </s> <s>Et cùm poteſtas ſit vel actuoſa, vel <lb></lb>patibilis, vbi patibilis pro impetus ſui <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ducatur, & vna eſt functio, & motus vnus. </s> <s>vnus item ſi <lb></lb>mobile <expan abbr="affictũ">affictum</expan> à violante vires ſuas natiuas exercere nequeat, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> violantis actus. </s> <s>In hiſce <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <lb></lb>vna eſt functio: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vnus motus, & vna quies. </s> <s>At eorum <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> quæ tuentur actum ſuum, ſiue <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="tẽperatè">temperatè</expan>. </s> <s>non ſuſtinet <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> ſimpliciter <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> admittit. </s> <s>cùm ea ſit <lb></lb>aggregatio potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cohęrentia diuerſorum. </s> <s>Ideò quia <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> è pluribus elementis <expan abbr="cõponitur">componitur</expan> quo<lb></lb>rum vel actus primi, vel formæ refractæ ſuperſtites ſunt, non habet vnum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="cõ-poſitum">con<lb></lb>poſitum</expan>. </s> <s>prætereà ſi propenſioni naturali vis aliqua accedat quæ opus naturæ adiuuet. </s> <s>multò ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3117"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gis <expan abbr="cõpoſitus">compoſitus</expan> eſt motus, vbi contra propenſionem mobile agitetur, <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> tum mouente, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mo<lb></lb>bili vires ſuas natiuas retinente, nec intrinſecùs in alterius cedentes <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan>, vnde oritur motus ille <lb></lb>obliquus, quo venti agitantur. </s> <s>Hoc modo motus hypeccaumatis eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitus">compoſitus</expan>, quia non inclinatur <lb></lb>tale corpus ad <expan abbr="cõuerſionem">conuerſionem</expan>: vnde motus aliò vergens, ac mobilis natura propendeat, optimo iure <expan abbr="cõ-poſitus">con<lb></lb>poſitus</expan> habendus eſt, & quia natura non ita inclinatur, ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> appellari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>ſed quae <lb></lb>non eſt <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> victa, neque ſimplex motus eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>hic profectò nec ab vno <lb></lb>principio deſcendit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſuper ſpatio ſimplici fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>quandò ſuper ſpatio ſimplici aut violentus <lb></lb>ſimpliciter motus, aut plane ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> fiat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> ſimplicium. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſi-tũ">compoſi<lb></lb>tum</expan> ſimpliciter agi ſecundùm, aut <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt ſuprà diximus. </s> <s>Ex ordine <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> non eſt il<lb></lb>le motus hypeccaumatis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alterutri contrarius. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> totam difficultatem effringere mihi <lb></lb>videntur. </s> <s>Sed enim nunc <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> viam libet explorarè qua <expan abbr="conſiliũ">conſilium</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>à philoſophis ſapientiſsimis <lb></lb><expan abbr="explanatũ">explanatum</expan> fuiſſe perſpicio. </s> <s>nequid hîc deſit, quod ad <expan abbr="sũmi">summi</expan> præceptoris placita tuenda valere queat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> putant ab intelligentia <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> abhorrere, ſi id quod rectà ſuopte impulſu feratur, in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> <lb></lb>moueatur ſuprà naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ideò <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>impediri. </s> <s>Nam motus ille qui ſupra naturam eſt, <lb></lb>ab alio deriuatur, & eius eſt proprius à quo naſcitur. </s> <s>Quare non in id Ariſtotelica ratio contendit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3118"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt tollat eiuſmodi <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſupra naturam, vt ponitur in hypeccaumate, tum quia verùm eſt <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in <lb></lb><expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> ineſſe hypeccaumati, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia non officit Ariſtotelicæ concluſioni. </s> <s>ſed eum ſolùm, qui eſt <lb></lb>præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; ne fortè ſi vni ex his corporibus quæ rectà mouentur, inſit præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> alteri con<lb></lb>trario ſecundùm naturam ineſſe concludatur. </s> <s>Vt verò probentur hæc quæ propoſuimus; accipia<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> ineſſe in corpore contrario. </s> <s>nam, verbigratia, terræ contrarius eſt aſcenſus; <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>ineſt igni ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Nunc cùm oſtenſurus ſit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> ſolius corporis cęleſtis <lb></lb>eſſe propriam: ita probat, quia non inſit in alio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter naturam </s><s> quoniam ſi <lb></lb>inſit ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>duos motus igitur ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ineſſe continget, ſi præter naturam <lb></lb>inſit; ergo corpori contrario inhęrebit ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Non igitur ſolùm illud conuertetur, <lb></lb>ſed aliud planè corpus. </s> <s>Itaque non vnius corporis ſimplicis, ſed plurium erit vnus motus ſimplex. <lb></lb></s> <s>Obiice tu hypeccauma. </s> <s>Dicam ego ipſum moueri ſuprà naturam. </s> <s>Inſtabis contrà, vt ſupra, non <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> hoc <expan abbr="membrũ">membrum</expan>, quòd Ariſtotelica diuiſio <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> haberet <expan abbr="firmamẽtum">firmamentum</expan>. </s> <s>Dicam hîc ego <lb></lb>nil referre: propterea quòd ex eo quòd ſit ſupra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> motus ille, non tollitur, quin inſit corpori <lb></lb>cęleſti, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit ab alio, & in eo primò ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>quapropter ab Ariſt. </s> <s>pars hęc neglecta eſt. <pb pagenum="515"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3119"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>At quid abeſt, quin motus hypeccaumatis ſi conuerſio ſit, etiam ſempiternus exiſtat? </s> <s>etenim eſſe <lb></lb>ab alio non idcirco euertit perpetuitatem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> in corpore caduco ſempiternus motus ineſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3120"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſt? </s> <s>aliud ergo genus conuerſionis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ſalutare ob antedictam cauſſam, nedum <expan abbr="ſempiternũ">ſempiternum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà ſi ex eo non impeditur Ariſt. </s> <s>conſilium, ſi detur hypeccauma in orbem moueri ſupra natu<lb></lb>ram, cur etiam non efficiebatur idem, ſi præter naturam poſitus fuiſſet hic motus? </s> <s>nam quod præter <lb></lb>naturam eſt, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſterius eſt illo quod eſt ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>erat igitur hic motus alij na<lb></lb>turalis. </s> <s>Fortaſſe dices. </s> <s>at in corpore contrario <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam exiſtet, is qui ſupra naturam eſt, in <lb></lb>alio non contrario poterit ineſſe. </s> <s>At non'nè tu hîc accipis id quod in principio? </s> <s>quærendum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>adhuc ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſit'ne diuerſum corpus cęleſte ab his noſtrarib. corporib. & oſtendendum quae diuer<lb></lb>ſum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> contrarium; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ex horum motuum diſcrimine <expan abbr="conficiendũ">conficiendum</expan>: tu verò tibi pro tuo iu<lb></lb>re ſumis illud corpus contrario vacare: præter quam quòd corporum ſimplicium motus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſub ea generali diuiſione complexus eſt. </s> <s>& hunc ipſum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> retulit in eis qui præter naturam. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>re perſuaderi me non patiar, quin motus hypeccaumatis his motib. ſimplicib. excluſus fuerit, vtpo<lb></lb>te nullius corporis ſimplicis proprius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter naturam ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>eiuſ<lb></lb>modi, vt ad compoſita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pertinere poſsit, ſiquidem illo caſu ibi conſtiterint, vt ferunt ibi conſi<lb></lb>ſtere cometas, è quorum conuerſione indictum factum eſt de conuerſione hypeccaumatis, & ille <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3121"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>negatus ab iis quæ intra orbem Lunæ continentur, qui verè conuerſio eſt, & motus ſimpliciſsimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>& de ſimplicibus eas verè prędicari ſemper aſſeuerabo, quæ ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuerunt illata.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3115"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3116"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3117"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3118"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3119"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3120"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3121"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Auctoris ſententia de hypeccaumatis motu constituitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SIQVID igitur mihi augurari fas eſt; ea quidem ſententia, quam Auerroes ex Alexandro pro<lb></lb>feſſus eſt, aliena magis ab omni difficultate videtur, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in orbem moueri ambiguum quid eſſe <lb></lb>compertum eſt, cùm aliud ſit moueri in orbem propriè; id quod ſoli corpori cęleſti contingit. </s> <s>hoc ve<lb></lb>rò eſt, cùm mobile totum circulum abſoluit commeantib. omnib. partib. ſimul iunctis, per eadem <lb></lb>ſpatia perpetuò, & per eadem puncta reuolutis in infinitum eſt & moueri ſecundùm circulum: vt ſi <lb></lb>lapis per rotundum ſpatium ferretur; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> veruntamen non continuaret <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, ſed ex aliquo puncto <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3122"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>retrocederet, aut intermitteret. </s> <s>Eſt etiam quando mouetur circulus; quod ſanè trib. modis efficitur, <lb></lb>aut centro variato, veluti cùm ſphæra lignea rotatur, vel eodem centro permanente, & circum eun<lb></lb>dem axem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita bifariam, vel ad angulos rectos ad planum horizontis, vt rotæ <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vtimur ad <lb></lb>aquam è puteis hauriendam; vel per aliquod ſpatium, horizontis plano parallelum, vt fit in rotis fi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3123"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>glinis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc etiam magis & minus perfectè obeuntur, aut ſecundùm totum circulum, aut <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>partem; licèt non fecerit Ariſt. </s> <s>mentionem, niſi de iis quæ præcipuè talia ſunt. </s> <s>Hypeccaumatis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> partes aut complent eadem ſpatia, aut eædem reuertuntur: ſed ex ocyſsima cęli ratione at<lb></lb>teruntur, & ex iis nonnullæ conflagrant, & ad ſummam eius circunferentiam aſcendunt, & aliæ ex<lb></lb>tinguuntur accenſæ, & in ſecundam aëris regionem detruduntur; qui motus cùm ſubſtantiæ muta<lb></lb>tionem conſequantur; ſunt naturales; tametſi cùm fit ignis, ſit ex natura formæ, cùm corrumpitur, <lb></lb>ſit ex natura materiæ. </s> <s>Prætereà noſſe oportet Ariſt. </s> <s>loqui de motib. ſimplicib. hi verò ſunt propter <lb></lb>ſpatia ſuper <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> fiunt, aut recti, aut in orbem, <expan abbr="iidemq́">iidemque</expan>. </s> <s>probè diuiduntur in eos qui ſunt ſecundùm <lb></lb>& præter naturam; & ab alio, & per accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò tu ſic opinaberis nos à reliquis motum ab <lb></lb>alio ſeparare, quin etiam reliqui ſint ab alio; omnes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab alio ſunt, illo excepto qui eſt animantium <lb></lb>proprius. </s> <s>Nam ſic dicimus ab alio nunc, cùm mobile nullam habet propenſionem ad motum. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>mobile propenſionem habet, & eſt motus naturalis, aut ea caret; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vel habet <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan>, & mo<lb></lb>tus eſt præter naturam; aut eſt <expan abbr="indeterminatũ">indeterminatum</expan>, & dicitur ab alie per accidens; vt in artificioſis, in mo<lb></lb>tib. proiectorum, in motib. orbium & ſtellarum. </s> <s>De eo qui per ſe eſt, agamus; hic primùm eſt in ele<lb></lb>mento, dum gignitur; at cùm gignitur hoc; corrumpitur illud; ita fit, vt ſi vni ſit naturalis, alteri inſit <lb></lb>contra naturam; & contrà, vbi vni contra naturam, alteri ſecundùm naturam, & ſemper in aliquo p <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3124"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe. </s> <s>exemplig. </s> <s>mouetur terra ſurſum, dum conuertitur in ignim: motus hic igni qui generatur, eſt ex <lb></lb>natura; terræ quæ corrumpitur, eſt præter naturam: contrà, dum conuertitur ignis in terram. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>adeò, vt ille qui eſt ſecundùm naturam, nouæ formæ ſemper inhæreat, & ſit proprius & naturalis <lb></lb>eius; qui verò præter naturam, habita ratione formæ veteris eſt huiuſmodi, Cùm verò ſemper in ſim<lb></lb>plici corpore ſtatuatur vnicum principium motus, & forma vetus ac noua inter quas eſt viciſsitu<lb></lb>do, ſint oppoſitæ; fit vt vnus ſit motus ad aliam <expan abbr="aliamq́">aliamque</expan>. </s> <s>formam ſecundùm & præter naturam; <expan abbr="iti-demq́">iti<lb></lb>demque</expan>. </s> <s>cùm formas oppoſitas conſequantur, ſic etiam ſe habeant, vt qui vni eſt naturalis, alterius na<lb></lb>turæ aduerſetur. </s> <s>Vnus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus vnica forma finitur, per quam <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſequitur repugnantiam: Mo<lb></lb>tus igitur qui per ſe conueniunt iis quæ oriuntur & occidunt, ſunt ſecundùm, & præter naturam, quae <lb></lb>hi ſunt per ſe, & tales hîc accipiuntur, & ad corpora ſimplicia aptantur, necalijs inhæ&rere poſſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eatenus eſt motus rectus præter naturam, quatenus per diſtantiam à centro deſignatur; aliter <lb></lb>ſunt per accidens. </s> <s>conuerſio verò per id quod eſt æqualiter circum centrum volui, quorum <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <lb></lb>abeſt ab hypeccaumate: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>deſcribit axem mundi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex æternitate ſeruat æquale interuallum <lb></lb>à centro. </s> <s>hinc fit, vt Ariſtotelico dilemmate motus ille hypeccaumatis, quae ex hoc genere non ſit, ex <pb pagenum="516"></pb>cludatur. </s> <s>Ex his etiam ſequitur, vt inter talem motum hypeccaumatis, & illos repugnantia non ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3125"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>futura: verùm inter rectos & rotundos, ſiquam iſti habituri ſint: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>dum id planum factum eſt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aduerſa in eodem genere eſſe oportet. </s> <s>Ergo cùm motus ille hypeccaumatis ſit alterius gene<lb></lb>ris, nempè compoſitus, & per accidens; rectò, aut illi qui in orbem fit, non erit contrarius. </s> <s>His ita poſi<lb></lb>tis Ariſt. </s> <s>argumentum efficax eſt. </s> <s>Si motus in orbem eſſet in alio corpore cęlo excepto, aut eſſet ſe<lb></lb>cundùm, aut præter naturam: non ſanè <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam; quoniam vnus vnius corporis motus eſt ſe<lb></lb>cundùm naturam; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter naturam: quoniam vni duo cogentur eſſe contraria. </s> <s>Sequitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in mo<lb></lb>tu per ſe qui eſt elementi, dum gignitur, & inhæret in forma oppoſita. </s> <s>Nam motus qui eſt præter na<lb></lb>turam eius, eſt cum ipſius interitu, & eſt ad nouam formam; quae ſi duo ſint motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi præter na<lb></lb>turam: profectò duab. formis finientur, quæ vni illi quæ corrumpitur, erunt aduerſæ & per illas ij <lb></lb>motus qui ſunt ex natura formarum quæ producuntur. </s> <s>Tamei igitur motu qui per ſe, moueri non po<lb></lb>teſt hypeccauma <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter naturam. </s> <s>Verùm quia non eſt motus ille in gyrum in <lb></lb>hypeccaumate ordinis eiuſdem, cuius illi ſunt quos diſtribuimus in eos qui ſunt ſecundùm & prę<lb></lb>ter naturam, & qui ſunt per ſe, inter quos intercedit aduerſitas; non ſequitur, vt etiam ſi motus iſte <lb></lb>ſit in hypeccaumate, proptereà ſit ei contrarius, qui naturalis eſt: quemadmodum ſequeretur ſi mo<lb></lb>tus ſimplices, in <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>ordine forent, & per ſe, cuiuſmodi Ariſtotelicæ demonſtrationi ſupponun<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt ſi ex altero ordine foret, tum planè præter naturam ineſſet, æquè ac igni de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3126"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcenſus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> vllum erit robur eius obiectionis, quae nonmodò erit motus ſecundùm, vel contra natu<lb></lb>ram, ſed ab alio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſic in dilemmate continebitur fallacia ſecundùm <expan abbr="conſequensq.">conſequensque</expan> excludi<lb></lb>tur tertium membrum, cùm de motu per ſe agatur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quæras vlterius, cur hæc motuum gene<lb></lb>ra duntaxat complexus fuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>etiam dabo cauſſam, quia <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ille ſermo dirigitur eò, vt noſca<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> ſimplicium, quæ nob. </s> <s>fit euidens per motus ſibi conuenientes, nimirùm ſimpli<lb></lb>ces, & per ſe; cùm iſti perpetuò ſequantur formas eorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem ratio noſtra. </s> <s>Iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> <lb></lb>motus iſte non ſit naturalis audiſti. </s> <s>& ob dictum Ariſt. </s> <s>qui non minus hunc motum igni vult ineſ<lb></lb>ſe præter naturam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> deſcenſum. </s> <s>Tametſi hanc noſtram oppoſitionem in alium ſenſum <expan abbr="acceptã">acceptam</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſe video. </s> <s>Nempe, vt ex hypotheſi fuerit illata, ex qua tamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> impediatur exitus Ariſtotelicæ ra<lb></lb>tioni; ſi talis fuerit motus, nam quod eſt ab alio, prius ſit oportet in aliquo per ſe. </s> <s>Quare aderit id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>tali motu ſecundùm naturam mouebitur, aliud ab his, quod nos in præſentia magno conatu veſtiga<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Verùm, niſi fallor, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id neceſſariò ſequitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hypotheticè concluditur. </s> <s>Oſtendo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id & <lb></lb>phyſicè & logicè ſic ſe habere, vt dixi. </s> <s>Ac ſimpliciter quidem primo loco non neceſſe eſt, vt id quod <lb></lb>mouet in orbem, ipſum moueatur in motu ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> generatim in qualibet ſpecie <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>Nam ſi motus ille fuerit naturalis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poteſt ab immobili principio proficiſci, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3127"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& docuit Ariſt. 8. Phyſ. <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> neceſſe eſt item, vt quod hebetat hebetetur, aut pellatur quod pellit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Etiã">Etiam</expan> ſi moueatur in orbem præter naturam, multò minus: quando & à trochleis aliquid motu recto <lb></lb>agitatur. </s> <s>& contrà ab ijs quę rectà mouentur, trochlea verti <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Logicè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>. </s> <s>Quoniam vbi accipian<lb></lb>tur duæ propoſitiones, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> altera ſit ex hypotheſi, altera ſimpliciter; non ſequitur concluſio pror<lb></lb>ſus ex hypotheſi, ſed aliqua ex parte. </s> <s>Eſto igitur quae ex hypotheſi ſequatur cęlum moueri præter na<lb></lb>turam circulo ex hoc, quod ſtatuitur ignis. </s> <s>At quòd non minus ſit igni præter naturam circulo mo<lb></lb>ueri, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> deſcendere: hoc non ſequitur ex hypotheſi, ſed ex altero principio, quod ſemper eſt verùm. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nimirùm vno motu exiſtente ſecundùm naturam alterum oppoſitum eſſe neceſſariò præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nihil motor nunc, ſit'ne motus ille per accidens perfectior, an imperfectior; quanquam, cùm ex na<lb></lb>tura non ſit, imperfectior eſſe cenſebitur. </s> <s>Quocirca nec Ariſt. </s> <s>demonſtratio conficitur ex <expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan>, vt <lb></lb>quidam cenſent, ſed ex propriis attributis corporum ſimplicium, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam multò certiſsi<lb></lb>ma. </s> <s>Quòd ſi opponas. </s> <s>quia dictum eſt anteà motum ſimplicem eſſe corporis ſimplicis, & ex altera <lb></lb>parte compoſitum eſſe compoſiti: ſi igitur ſimplex eſt; non eſt ille motus qui conuenit hypeccauma<lb></lb>ti: quòd ſi compoſitus, ergo ſimplex corpus, & motus compoſitus congruere poterunt. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quia motum illum hypeccaumati præter naturam Ariſt. </s> <s>aſsignauit; aut igitur vni plura contraria eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3128"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe fatendum eſt: aut falsò nobis decretum, motum illum alienum ab eo fore qui eſt præter naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm ſic tollam: quoniam motum compoſitum accidit eſſe <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, vel vbi in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>mo<lb></lb>bili contrariæ ſint propenſiones, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò repugnantes propter repugnantiam principiorum, è qui<lb></lb>bus conflatum eſt, vtputa, ſi ex aëre <expan abbr="terraq́">terraque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtaret, aut ſecundò, quae habeat quidem vnicam <expan abbr="propẽ-ſionem">propen<lb></lb>ſionem</expan>, ſed ab aliquo externo principio afflictam vim ſanè afferente, non tamen inclinationem na<lb></lb>tiuam minuente, vt omni eius extincta functione vim illi ad <expan abbr="quẽdam">quendam</expan> motum imprimat vniuerſam: <lb></lb>ac motum quidem <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> priorem prorſus à corpore ſimplici abhorrere fatebor; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe mixto<lb></lb>rum. </s> <s>poſteriorem dabo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ineſſe poſſe in corpore ſimplici; veluti <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ignis deorſum quidem mouetur <lb></lb>à violante principio: ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> eius propenſio victa non eſt, in latus agitatur: quam ſpeciem motus <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ſecundùm <expan abbr="diametrũ">diametrum</expan> vocat, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cæteroqui propenſione deuicta fiat motus abſolutè præter <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan>, ſi corpus ſimplex exiſtat: nam ſi minus, profectò nullus motus præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> partitio <lb></lb><expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ſimplicium in id quod eſt ſecundùm & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> bona fuiſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm opponitur mo<lb></lb>tus hypeccaumatis in gyrum, tanquam compoſitus, reſpondemus, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="compoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan> non eſſe diuer<lb></lb>ſarum propenſionum, ſed ab externo principio proficiſci, quam <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> ſimplicitati aduerſari pla <pb pagenum="517"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3129"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nè negamus. </s> <s>Quòd verò pertinet ad alterum illud. </s> <s>Varia legimus <expan abbr="ſapiẽtiſsimos">ſapientiſsimos</expan> viros eſſe profeſſos; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> Auicennæ viſum eſt <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> hanc cùm ſuperiore pugnare, neceſſariò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> effici, vni duo contra<lb></lb>ria ſint. </s> <s>Idcirco Simplicius & deinde Auerroës, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alij nonnulli excogitarunt alium <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo de<lb></lb>fenderent motum in gyrum ineſſe in igni, & præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> negatiuè dixerunt, hoc eſt, non <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>Atqui valde <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> D. Thomæ videtur, quae de eadem reagens Ariſt. </s> <s>ambiguitate tanta <expan abbr="tam-q́ue">tam<lb></lb>que</expan> breui ſpatio fefellerit, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> quia paullò antè præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> accepiſſet pro eo quod eſt contra <lb></lb>naturam: paullò verò pòſt eandem vocem vſurparit pro eo quod eſt non ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Præ<lb></lb>tereà <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>exponeus quid intelligat præter naturam, afferat eorum exempla quæ ſunt præ<lb></lb>ter naturam ſimpliciter, quemadmodum aſcenſum in terra, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> deſcenſum in igni. </s> <s>Adde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> verba <lb></lb>ſubſequentia <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> accipit præter naturam id quod breui tempore eſt, hoc verò propriè eſt contra <lb></lb>naturam. </s> <s>cùm alioqui, quod ineſt non ſecundùm naturam, nihil obſtet, quominus <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="quẽ-admodum">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> apparet in motu diurno planetarum. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae dum Ariſt. </s> <s>inuehitur in eos qui <lb></lb>putant ignem eſſe corpus quod in orbem mouetur; aſſerit eum motum non minus naturæ ignis ad<lb></lb>uerſari, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> deſcenſum: ſi ergo deſcenſus in igni præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſimpliciter eſt; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conuerſionem illi tri<lb></lb>bui conſimili ratione oportebit. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> credimus hîc, præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in eodem ſignificato ſumi quo <lb></lb>ſupra; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rationem non concludi ſimpliciter; verùm ex datis, & eſſe non ſanè dialecticam, licet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3130"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contra veterum poſitionem, quia non procedit ex <expan abbr="cõib">conib</expan>. </s> <s>& iis quæ ſunt per accidens, ſed ex propriis <lb></lb>& per ſe; verùm vt dici ſolet, ad <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan>: ab Ariſt. </s> <s>verò vſurpatam, vt ſæpe facere conſueuit, propter <lb></lb>captum auditorum qui in vniuerſis æqualis non eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> mirum id eſſe; tametſi Ariſt. </s> <s>anteà ratio<lb></lb>nib. neceſſariis, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nihil verius eſt, vſus fuiſſet, hanc etiam ad hominem ſubieciſſe; quia niſi veri<lb></lb>tas illarum noteſcat, non idcirco perſuaderi patimur ab illis; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dum pro demonſtrationib. haben<lb></lb>dę ſunt, niſi eò prouectę fuerint, vt nos perſuaſerint; ex quo efficitur vt egeant ſæpiſsime fulcimen<lb></lb>to rationum imbecilliorum. </s> <s>Sed hæc alterius officij <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> negotij. </s> <s>ſufficiat autem modò nobis hanc <lb></lb>rationem eſſe ad hominem, ad eos .ſ. </s> <s>qui ignim crederent eſſe id quod in orbem vertitur, & ſuper <lb></lb>oppoſitione motuum ſimplicium fuiſſe conſtructam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3122"></margin.target>b. </s> <s><expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mec. <lb></lb></s> <s>8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3123"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3124"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3125"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3126"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3127"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3128"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3129"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3130"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur an'ne quies naturalis antecedat motui violento. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PERTINET illud item ad notitiam motus violenti, ſiue ſimpliciter eiuſmodi ſit, ſiue aliqua <lb></lb>ex parte, vt in proiectis, noſſe an'ne id quod vi, <expan abbr="præterq́">præterque</expan>. </s> <s>naturam mouetur, ex eo loco diſcedat, <lb></lb>vbi quieſcebat ſecundùm naturam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi Auerroës 8. Phyſ. id aliquando teſtatus erat, <expan abbr="inquiẽs">inquiens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod mouetur violentè non moueri, niſi ſit ei quies naturalis; & <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> id confirmari poteſt, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3131"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omnis motus naturalis è contrario fiat in contrarium, id verò quod violentè mouetur, ita mouea<lb></lb>tur, quia ferrur ad locum in quo manet præter naturam, illi verò oppoſitus ille ſit locus in quo ma<lb></lb>net ſecundùm naturam: & quoniam motus violentus perpetuus eſſe non poteſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="cõ-trarios">con<lb></lb>trarios</expan> terminos vllo pacto continuus, ſed interruptus, veluti ſuperiorib. libris <expan abbr="abũdè">abundè</expan> oſtenſum eſt; <lb></lb>neceſſariò videtur dicendum, motui violento quietem antecedere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem naturalem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attamen oppugnari nouimus eam veritatem quibuſdam obiectionib. quę ne quis hæreat ſcrupulus <lb></lb>in mentib. noſtris, hoc loco diluendę ſunt. </s> <s>Nam multa ſunt, inquiunt, quæ non ſunt in loco ſuo na<lb></lb>turali quieſcentia, quę tamen violento motu moueri poſſunt: huiuſmodi verò ſagitta eſt quę ſurſum <lb></lb>iacta ventorum vi diſpellitur in tranſuerſum. </s> <s>Sunt hi ſanè duo motus, alter ſurſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alter in la<lb></lb>tus, quorum neuter eſt naturalis: & ita ſuperuenit aſcenſui motus ille poſterior, vt ſpatium quieti <lb></lb>non concedat, & quanuis, inquam ego, tempus quieti daret, ea tamen quies non eſſet naturalis. </s> <s>Ac <lb></lb>ſiquis opponat verba Ariſt. </s> <s>quæ ſunt hæc. </s> <s><expan abbr="“Neq.">“Neque</expan> violentus erit motus, niſi mouebitur præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>quod anteà quieſcebat:” vnde quis facilè labi poſsit, iis verbis nos moneri putans, quietem in violen<lb></lb>ti difinitione ponendam. </s> <s>at <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eam <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> motui violento præcedere neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> is eſt eiuſmo<lb></lb>di verborum ſenſus. </s> <s>verùm id ſignificatur <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> inferiorum habere principium à quiete, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3132"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut poſt quietem ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> violentam potius, quàm naturalem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> proximè, potiusquàm <lb></lb>remotè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="vnamquanq.">vnamquanque</expan> ſeorſum potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> generatim, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> hiſce modis, ante motum exti<lb></lb>tit quies. </s> <s>nec magis id conuenit violento, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> generatim, ſiue naturales ſint, ſiue pręter naturam, <lb></lb>ſeu ſimpliciter, ſiue aliqua ex parte, conuerſione excepta, & ſanè non eſt pluuiæ naturalis in aëre <lb></lb>quies, tranſuerſo tamen motu differtur à ventis. </s> <s>Equidem optimè video, quid dicendum ſit ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>illum, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> perſpicio quietem ab Ariſt. </s> <s>motui <expan abbr="violẽto">violento</expan> pręponi, quòd ſi <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> adhuc ſit, an'ne quies <lb></lb>naturalis illa, an violenta ſit, ita reſpondebo, quatenus illa deſignat <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> à quo, vnde incipit mo<lb></lb>tus violentus, aſſeueranter; eam eſſe quietem naturalem; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>proximè antecedere affirmabo om<lb></lb>ni motui violento ſimpliciter, ita vt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus contra naturam ſit ex quiete naturali, vt termino à <lb></lb>quo. </s> <s>Id verò patere poterit inſpicienti, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> motus violentus obeatur. </s> <s>Duplex eſt autem <lb></lb>ratio qua talis motus exercetur: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita fit, vt cùm è terra generatur ignis, & ſimul <expan abbr="aſcẽdit">aſcendit</expan>: etenim <lb></lb>adhuc terra eſt, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſurſum mouetur: qui ſanè motus, qua terra eſt, illius naturæ prorſus aduerſa<lb></lb>tur: aut cùm terra, è ſuo loco, ſine vlla ſubſtantiæ permutatione ſurſum mouetur; iam de poſtrema <lb></lb>hac occaſione mouendi, <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> non eſt, à quiete naturali violenti motus initium ſumi: aliter motus <pb pagenum="518"></pb>contrarij naturalis <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, & is qui contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, continuari poſſent, de prima illa <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aſſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3133"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="rendũ">rendum</expan> puto; <expan abbr="qũ">quamuis</expan> natura ſimul dat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & conſequentia forma inter quę motus primus eſt, deinde <lb></lb>locus naturalis quem ſubſequitur, quies ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ita ſe natura gerit, dum pro<lb></lb>ducit ſubſtantiam, vt ipſam gignat, vt aliquando genita permaneat, ne ſimul generet & corrum<lb></lb>pat, <expan abbr="inaniq.">inanique</expan> officio producendo fungatur: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illi magis aduerſum, ſi locus & quies ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="jã">jam</expan> <lb></lb>abſolutę comitantur: id <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> eſt, ſicuti permanet ſubſtantia genita: ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> naturalem, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>reſpondentem permanere quietem: niſi fortè caſus aliud efficiat, quod ſanè per accidens & ra<lb></lb>rò continget, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in naturali methodo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>. </s> <s>in methodo ſub regula <expan abbr="comprehendendũ">comprehendendum</expan> non <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="ſatisfactũ">ſatisfactum</expan> eſt, opinor, experientiis contra Auerroëm allatis, cùm ipſe ea quæ <expan abbr="pluri-mũ">pluri<lb></lb>mum</expan> fiunt, perſequatur: illa verò quæ opponuntur, rarò accidant. </s> <s>Attamen & alio pacto ſuppetit, vt <lb></lb>inſtantijs allatis occurramus. </s> <s>Etenim, vt ab vltimo exordiar, cur non pluuia quæ vbi primùm genita <lb></lb>eſt, pro eo, quae deſcendat ſecundùm naturam, à ventis agitur in tranſuerſum, prius in ſuperiore loco <lb></lb>manſit ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſub forma vaporis? </s> <s>igitur & quies naturalis motui violento pręceſsit. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>quae opponitur ſagitta quæ in altum proiecta conſimili ratione agitatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Primũ">Primum</expan> ego dicam Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Auer-roisq́">Auer<lb></lb>roisque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> eſſe de motus præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſimpliciter; cùm tamen agitatio facta à ventis ſit quidem <lb></lb>præter naturam, verùm aliqua ex parte: ac ſiquis rem exquirat interius, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id ſuccurret, vt ſtatuatur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3134"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inter motus præter naturam interuenire quietem ſimpliciter. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> argumentabor, quemadmodum <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>vtitur vno puncto, vt duobus ergo quies intercedit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> idem punctus eſt, qui terminus eſt <lb></lb>aſcenſus pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> initium motus tranſuerſi. </s> <s>Et ne quis fortè ſuſpicetur illum <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> re ſa<lb></lb>nè idem eſſe, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione diſtingui, velut in circulo, monſtro <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, eos re ipſa ſeparari, ſi non, vt ter<lb></lb>minos quantitatis; quia ſic idem ſubiecto ſunt, at natura, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> extremum .ſ. </s> <s>vnius motus, & initium <lb></lb>alterius: quia termini illi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> puncta ſunt in actu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> copulantia, ſed terminantia; ſiquidem <expan abbr="efficiãt">efficiant</expan> <lb></lb>angulum vel rectilineum, vel curuilineum, vel mixtum. </s> <s>cùm cęteroquin in circulo poteſtate ſint, ne<lb></lb>que terminent lineas, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> faciant angulos; in angularis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt circulus; ſed ita copulent, vt nullus in <lb></lb>circulo finis ſimpliciter aſsignari poſsit: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>iudicium de terminis iſtis faciam, àc fecerit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>2. de An. cùm docuit ſenſum <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> non eſſe vnum re, ratione ſola diſtinctum: ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> natura: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ape<lb></lb>ruit exemplo centri quo multæ lineæ terminantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ita ſe habet, vt vnus ſit punctus ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, ſed multa quæ nihilominus vnius locum occupant, quae ſunt indiuidua. </s> <s>Cùm verò ex hoc ſuſpica<lb></lb>ri poſſes eſſe poſt hoc, & non vt ex termino à quo, & illud quidem fateri, inficiari hoc alterum: me<lb></lb>mento motum, & quietem naturalem, ex diſtantia illa deſcribi, quæ interiacet inter centrum & cir<lb></lb>cunferentiam mundi. </s> <s>Quocirca tametſi deflectit ab ea linea corpus, & ſecundùm & contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>agi dicitur ab illa. </s> <s>Moueatur ergo ſurſum lapis, & ab itinere diuertat, ſi initium diuerticuli reſpicias, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3135"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& cum termino ad quem conferas; ita ſe habet, vt id quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, ad id quod eſt <expan abbr="p̃-ter">pn<lb></lb>ter</expan> naturam: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt ab inferiore ad ſuperius: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> manet ibi ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>At quia non <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> naturam ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item locus ille eſt ſimpliciter naturalis, nec conſimiliter quies: ſed ita <lb></lb>vt ſi cum illo conferatur, quo fertur, ſit naturalis: & quia diuerſa puncta, idcirco <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quies inſit. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>in quies item naturalis illi motui qui fit in latus, antecedet. </s> <s>Verùm fac nunc, quod euenire poteſt, in <lb></lb>motib. proiectorum: vt cùm vis impellentis euaneſcere cępit, & id quod præter naturam ciebatur, <lb></lb>iam priſtinas vires probè conſecutum fuerit, vt ante reditum in ſuperiore loco detineatur, & ea li<lb></lb>nea terminata qua ſurſum ferebatur, ſeu recta, quod fit in motu præter naturam ſimpliciter, ſeu cur<lb></lb>ua, vt in proiectis fieri ſolet, aliam deſcribere incipiat ſuum locum verſus; planum quae ibi quieſcit: ſi<lb></lb>quis ergo meminerit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in hoc euento leue dici ab Ariſt. </s> <s>quodam vocis huiuſce minus proprio ſignifi<lb></lb>catu, is <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fatebitur eam quietem eſſe ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: nam leuis, quoad leue eſt, locus naturalis eſt <lb></lb>ſuperior; inferior <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contra naturam. </s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> defendi poterit vniuersè <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum qui fit <lb></lb>contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, exordiri à quiete ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Quanuis, vt paullò antè admonui, dictum ſa<lb></lb>pientiſsimi Arabis verè vſurpatum fuerit in iis motib. qui plurimum fiunt, à cauſsis ordinatis pro<lb></lb>pagantur. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud in natura ordinatum, vt ſicuti cum præcedentis formæ interitu coniungitur; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3136"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nouæ formæ productio; ſic cùm motu naturali elementi quod gignitur, motus contra naturam ele<lb></lb>menti quod corrumpitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod dicitur motum hunc, cùm ſit præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, videri eſſe per acci<lb></lb>dens, & inſenſum potius, quàm à natura requiſitum; id in eam partem accipiendum eſt, vt non <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><lb></lb>ſe & primò, ſed propter aliud efficiatur, quemadmodum de priuatione & interitu dici conſueuit ex<lb></lb>petentibus omnib. formam & eſſe, & acerbiſsimo odio priuationem & interitum proſequentib. At <lb></lb>verò cùm motui præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> præcedat quies naturalis; num'ne motui ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quies vio<lb></lb>lenta pręcedit? </s> <s>vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> leue dicatur quod ſurſum manet, <expan abbr="qũocunq.">qunocunque</expan> maneat, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ibi conſi<lb></lb>ſtere putetur; ſimpliciter <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſt ibi contra naturam. </s> <s>quae ſi quies inter <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> motus oppoſitos intercedit; <lb></lb><expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> & illa quies erit idem contra naturam. </s> <s>Certè in iis quæ gignuntur nulla quies eſt ab initio, ne<lb></lb>que naturalis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non naturalis; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> quod quieſcit, elementum eſt huic oppoſitum quod gignitur; <lb></lb>id verò ibi per naturam conſiſtit; ei quod gignitur, quatenus gignitur, nulla quies eſt concedenda; re<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ ſunt, quies eſt attributum: quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> gignitur, nondum eſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi eſſe in certo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <lb></lb>ſpatij termino exiſtit ex certo formæ gradu, ſiue poteſtatis, vt olim docuimus; at memento eum con<lb></lb>uenire elemento, quoad eſt iam aliquid, non quoad gignitur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vt genitum manet, ibi & quies eſt <pb pagenum="519"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3137"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illi naturalis. </s> <s>Reſtat ergo vt quies non naturalis illi tribuatur, quod cùm iam ſit, non dum peruenit <lb></lb>in ſuum locum. </s> <s>At verò quies <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motu nèceſſariò finitur: motus non neceſſariò cum quiete com<lb></lb>mutatur. </s> <s>Nam de violenta <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> non eſt; nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contra naturam perpetuum; altera etſi naturalis, & <lb></lb>terminus motus & naturæ, nihilominus ſemper cum motu <expan abbr="cõmutanda">commutanda</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Nam motus aliquis per<lb></lb>petuus. </s> <s>quies nulla perpetua. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perpetua foret, nulla eſſet elementi generatio; ſed eſt, ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quies <lb></lb>finita. </s> <s>Proinde omni motui præter naturam præcedit quies naturalis. </s> <s>Omni motui naturali quies <lb></lb>præter naturam in elemento genito ſolùm. </s> <s>In eo quod gignitur nulla quies <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> naturalis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non <lb></lb>naturalis. </s> <s>Omni etiam quieti ſiue naturali, ſeu non naturali, neceſſe eſt ſuccedat aliquis motus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3131"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3132"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3133"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3134"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3135"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3136"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3137"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur de quibuſdam conſequentibus motum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOTVVM ſanè partes, differentiæ & euenta multa ſunt, & de partib. ac differentijs eorum <lb></lb>ſatis <expan abbr="ſuperq́">ſuperque</expan>. </s> <s>diſputatum eſt hactenus; complura <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> euenta generatim, <expan abbr="ſpeciatimq́">ſpeciatimque</expan>. </s> <s>eorum ex<lb></lb>poſita, ſiue modi, Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nobis vnum reſtare videatur, vt de comparatione <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> verbà <lb></lb>faciamus, & ad horum <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> conferat notitia velocis & tardi, regularis & irregularis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de <lb></lb>his aliqua breuiter differenda eſſe iudicauimus. </s> <s>Porrò modos hoſce appello non differentias, quae dif<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3138"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ferentiæ ſub vna tantùm categoria continentur, modos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nil prohibet varia peruagari <expan abbr="prædicamẽ-ta">prædicamen<lb></lb>ta</expan>. </s> <s>Vnde & quoniam neceſſarium & contingens ſunt in ſubſtantia, quanto & quali: nullius horum <lb></lb>ſpecies habenda ſunt, aut differentiæ, ſed modi: cuius ſignum, quae <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> illa eſt, qua differt hoc ab <lb></lb>illo; ſed nulla ſubſtantia differt ab alia ſubſtantia, aut quali per neceſſarium, aut contingens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́">Cumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſpecies in proximum genus & proximam differentiam per ſe diſſoluatur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit, vt ſpecies propter hęc <lb></lb>in vno quodam prædicamento præfinito, & in certo illius genere collocetur. </s> <s>Proinde cùm regulare <lb></lb>& irregulare ſe habeant ad motum, vt æquè tribui poſsint vniuerſis motib. nec vnus ab altero, aut <lb></lb>generis eiuſdem, aut diuerſis ſeparetur per regulare & irregulare, nec ſpecies erunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> differentię; <lb></lb>ſed modi, nec vnius categoriæ tantùm, ſed per plures pertinebunt; quanquam regularis magis vnus <lb></lb>eſt, quam irregularis; <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo de veloci & tardo ſtatuemus. </s> <s>Regularis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ille eſt, qui in om<lb></lb>nibus eundem tenorem ſeruat, contrà, qui illum euariat irregularis eſt. </s> <s>Idem verò tenor in duob. </s> <s>ob<lb></lb>ſeruatur: vel in ſpatio, cùm ſit vniforme, vtputa, vniuerſum rectum, aut rotundum: vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in celerita<lb></lb>te & tarditate, quod eadem celeritas, & tarditas in mobili conſeruetur. </s> <s>Idcirco regularis ille erit qui <lb></lb>per ſpatium vniforme agetur, & æquali gradu properabit: irregularis autem <expan abbr="contrã">contram</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pari ve<lb></lb>locitate, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item per vniforme ſpatium, ſed varium, <expan abbr="multiplexq́">multiplexque</expan>. </s> <s>ciebitur. </s> <s>Quocirca magis erit v<lb></lb>nus ille qui regularis eſt, quàm qui irregularis, erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ac ſi per ſpatium diuiduum fiat: ſiquidem è va<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3139"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riis partib. difforme conſtat. </s> <s>Per ſe verò motus recti ſiue ſecundùm naturam, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> contrà, irregu<lb></lb>lares eſſe creduntur; tum quia non par in <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> proceſſus ſeruatur, cùm in principio ſegnior ſit mo<lb></lb>tus naturalis: ille verò qui præter naturam, in fine. </s> <s>Prætereà craſsitie <expan abbr="tenuitateq́">tenuitateque</expan>. </s> <s>medium varietur, <lb></lb>quo magis abeſt à centro, aut ei propinquius eſt: <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>vtroque modo regularem audiemus eſſe <lb></lb>motum cæleſtem. </s> <s>Velox <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & tardum præter hoc alia multa præſeferunt in quæ conſiderationem <lb></lb>intendamus; primùm quid hæc nomina ſibi velint, dein eorum cauſſæ quæ ſint. </s> <s>Velox <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in primis <lb></lb>id dici ſolet quod paruo tempore multum ſpatium peragit, contrà tardum, quod breue ſpatium in <lb></lb>multo tempore abſoluit, quae ſi multum & paruum ſignificant habitudinem, nec ſimpliciter multum <lb></lb>& magnum, paucum aut paruum eſſe ſolet; profectò velox & <expan abbr="tardũ">tardum</expan> comparata ſint oportet: & <expan abbr="quẽ-admodũ">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> ipſum duo continet, & rationem multitudinis in tempore, & longitudinis in ſpatio; ſic quo<lb></lb>que <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> habitudinem comprehendet. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> multitudo & <expan abbr="lõgitudo">longitudo</expan> bifariam ſe habeat, aut <lb></lb>ad idem mobile, aut ad aliud; ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> ipſum conferri poterit, ſecundùm velox & <expan abbr="tardũ">tardum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> al<lb></lb>tero. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> & magnum ſimpliciter & paruum in natura dari <expan abbr="compertũ">compertum</expan> ſit: nam <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> ſimpliciter <lb></lb>eſt mundi diameter: hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quia duplex eſt, vel ea quæ claudit motus rectos, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illa quæ exti<lb></lb>ma cęli ſuperficie terminatur. </s> <s>hæc quidem ſimpliciter magna exiſtimanda eſt: quare & ſpatium hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3140"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan>, ſed cùm ex iis quæ rectà mouentur, <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ſuperet Lunam; ergo ſequitur, vt <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> ſimpli<lb></lb>citer ſpatium ponendum ſit quod limitatur illa circunferentia quæ terminis eius diametri contine<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãobrem">Quanobrem</expan> magnum ſimpliciter <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> à corpore ſphærico peragrabitur; cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tempus illud <lb></lb>quo permeatur eiuſmodi <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>, <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> & <expan abbr="breuiſsimũ">breuiſsimum</expan> ſit, efficitur item, vt illud corpus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> velo<lb></lb>ciſsimè concitetur; ita comparatè velocitas & tarditas inerunt in motib. rectis. </s> <s>Ex his autem apparet <lb></lb>multa concurrere ad efficiendum velox & <expan abbr="tardũ">tardum</expan>: vnum quidem <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſuper qua, quod eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>; alterum verò <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiectum, quod eſt mobile: & tertium <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quod eſt <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, ſiue ea ra<lb></lb>tio quam habent ad tempus: eſt & cauſſa efficiens quæ eſt principium ipſum motus: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> duplex <lb></lb>eſſe poteſt: vel extrinſecum quod appellatur poteſtas. </s> <s>nam prout ipſum ſuperat mobile; ita quoque <lb></lb>velocius aut tardius mouet, ſiue <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> id faciat, ſiue præter naturam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> generans <expan abbr="maxi-mũ">maxi<lb></lb>mum</expan> maximè mouet; & homo robuſtior celerius pellit ſaxum deorſum. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> velocius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ego <lb></lb>proiicit ſurſum: & grauitas magna erit in cauſſa, vt <expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan> deſcendat velocius, quæ item aut erit eiuſ<lb></lb>modi ſecundùm gradum, aut ſecundùm materiæ multitudinem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & perfectius mobile, <expan abbr="quod-q́ue">quod<lb></lb>que</expan> plus habet de poteſtate ad terram, vel & ignem velocius agetur, & quae maius eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> verò velo <pb pagenum="520"></pb>citatis & tarditatis eſſentia proximè ſe habet in habitudinem mobilis ad ſpatium ſecundùm <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3141"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>At cùm ſimpliciter tale cum iis collatum quæ ſimpliciter huiuſmodi non ſunt, magis tale ſit, & cæle<lb></lb>ſtis motus ſimpliciter velox eſſe videatur; motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rectus haud quaquam: inde illud conſequi ve<lb></lb>riſimile eſt, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> cęleſtem recto fore velociorem; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem collationem fieri poſſe inter motus <lb></lb>rectum & circularem: quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> paucis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> imbecillis rationib. repulſa eſt. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>erit hic locus ſedulò tractandus, ne pręceptoris accuratiſsimi doctrina de motib. vlla ex parte <lb></lb>labefactari poſſe cenſeatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> comparatio, vt inquit ipſe, non videtur fieri poſſe, niſi inter ea quę <lb></lb>ſunt eiuſdem ſpeciei, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="cõioris">conioris</expan>, ſed proximę: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt Ariſt. </s> <s>verbo vtar, indiuiduæ: atqui mo<lb></lb>tus in orbem & rectus, ſicut aliàs plurib. explanabimus, <expan abbr="plusq̃">plusquae</expan> ſpecie diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>Nihil <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prohi<lb></lb>beret, ſi vera ſunt ea quæ <expan abbr="cõmemorauimus">commemorauimus</expan>; quominus alteratio & latio ſecum conferri poſſent; niſi <lb></lb>obſtet, ea non eſſe generis eiuſdem: at non poſſunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hæc ſimul conferri, ſi æquę velocitatis illa eſſe <lb></lb>dicuntur, quæin æqali tempore ſpatium ęquale conficiunt. </s> <s>non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpatium eſt, quod abſoluitur in <lb></lb>alteratione. </s> <s>& ſiquis adhuc magis ſpeciales & proprias deſideret rationes, hæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ex ipſomet Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele ſubſcribi poſſunt. </s> <s>Si motus iſti comparari poſſent; aut magis, aut minus, aut ęquè veloces eos <lb></lb>eſſe contingeret: ſed æquè velox eſſe conuerſio non poteſt, ac motus rectus; non igitur ſecum poſ<lb></lb>ſunt ipſi conferri, æquale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpatium abſoluere cogerentur: ex quo ſequeretur, vt eſſet æquale ſpa<lb></lb>tium rectum ſuper quo fit motus rectus, rotundo ſeu ſphęrico ſuper quo fit conuerſio: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3142"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ri nequit. </s> <s>Quoniam verò poſſet opponere quiſpiam ad hanc rationem; non neceſſe quidem fore, vt <lb></lb>ęquales ſint iſti motus: attamen nil eſſe quod prohibeat etiam ęqualem eſſe recto motum <expan abbr="quempiã">quempiam</expan> <lb></lb>in orbem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab ęquatore <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad polum velocitas eius motus propemodum infinitè decreſcit, <lb></lb>adeò vt cuitari non poſſe videatur, quin in tanta latitudine ſumi poſsit æqualis recto motus in gy<lb></lb>rum. </s> <s>Ita quod non neceſſarium ſimpliciter eſt, teſtantib. omnib. mathematicis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in conuerſione & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3143"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motu recto locum habere poteſt: nanque id non neceſſarium eſſe pręter ea quæ dixit Ariſt. </s> <s>contra <lb></lb>quoſdam, qui ex eo fundamento nimirùm quae inter plus & minus æquale non interuenit neceſſariò, <lb></lb>circulum quadrare inſtituiſſent, etiam monſtrauit Campanus. </s> <s>ſed hæc alterius loci & temporis. </s> <s>Rur<lb></lb>ſus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſufficit atomum eſſe id, <expan abbr="vniusq́">vniusque</expan>. </s> <s>rationis ſimpliciter in quo comparatio fit: ſed conuenire <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa quæ comparantur in aliquo excipiente quod conſimili ratione vniuocum ſit; veluti ſuperfi<lb></lb>cies in ſuſceptione colorum, & ſpatium in ipſa latione. </s> <s>Quapropter ſi vera ſunt hæc, quia non idem <lb></lb>ſpatium circulus eſt & linea recta, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vnius rationis motus rectus; & qui in orbem fit: aſſeueran<lb></lb>dum prorſus eſt, motum rectum cum conuerſione non poſſe conferri.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3138"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3139"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3140"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3141"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3142"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3143"></margin.target>a 2. Elem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prop. 15.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De comparatione motuum. </s> <s>Caput XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3144"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3144"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò duo ſunt quæ perturbare videantur ea quæ decreuerat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, <lb></lb>quae multa occurrunt quæ ſecum conferri ſoleant, in quibus tamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id in quo conferuntur, <lb></lb>ſit vnius rationis; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item vnum quod primò ſuſcipiat. </s> <s>Nam lapis & homo ſecum conferuntur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm in grauitate; verum etiam in eo, quae vnus ſit leuis, alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> craſſus, Conſeruntur item ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>in breuitate lineę, recta & curua. </s> <s>Quoniam verò potiſsima cauſſa fuerat, cur id in quo col<lb></lb>latio fiebat, in ſpecies diuidi non poſſet, quae in illo <expan abbr="ambiguũ">ambiguum</expan> ſæpe lateret; id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> difficultatem nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>affert: quandò & genus <expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan> aliquod eſſe poteſt, & ad indiuidua quæ <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan>, eandem ha<lb></lb>bere <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, quam ſpecies habet ad ea quæ ſibi proximè ſubiiciuntur: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de ſingulis animalibus <lb></lb>prędicatur animal, quemadmodum de ſingulis hominibus homo: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> proprium vni, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſpeciei redditur, licèt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit quę de pluribus differentibus ſpecie prædicantur: etenim <lb></lb>reſpicit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quæ poſita eſt in materia; vnde exiſtit ſingulare: at quae de differentibus numero, ſpe<lb></lb>cieúe dicatur; id <expan abbr="fortuitũ">fortuitum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>ideò quid prohibet in hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſicut in vltima ſpecie fieri collationem? <lb></lb></s> <s>Quinimmò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> rationis varietas hoc impedit; ſi quantitas cum ſubſtantia conferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in eo quae ſint. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque aliena videtur eſſe <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> velocitatis in motu recto & conuerſione: nam <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> ratio mobilis, <arrow.to.target n="marg3145"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>, & ſpatij continetur. </s> <s>Deinde accidens <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> videtur habere proprium <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> quo <lb></lb>primo innitatur, & per <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> communicetur <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> in quibus exiſtit: quare ſecundus ille canon ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>traditus ſuperuacaneus eſſe cenſebitur. </s> <s>Etenim proportionale ineſt in numeris, <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan>, & <lb></lb>ſolidis per <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> quandam <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Accedit eòdem, quae Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> accidenti geminum ſubiecti <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3146"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3147"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genus aſsignat; alterum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quod excipiens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> vocat, atque alterum quod dicit id cuius eſt <lb></lb>aliquod <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> excipiens, ideò ſi hoc obtinuit accidens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id in <expan abbr="cõparatione">comparatione</expan> poſtulatur; ſat illud <lb></lb>erit, ſi ponatur accidens in quo <expan abbr="cõparatio">comparatio</expan> fiat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & illud aliquo primo neceſſariò ſuſtinebitur. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quantum verò ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ſpectat, <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> aliquando ſumi <expan abbr="cõſueuit">conſueuit</expan>, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3148"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>preſsius: ac <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="sũpta">sumpta</expan> <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> ea quę <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> inter ſe <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan>, <lb></lb>vnde & Ariſt. </s> <s>in libris de arte dicendi, ac 3. Top. regulæ, traditæ, & enumerata loca quibus <expan abbr="vnum-quodq.">vnum<lb></lb>quodque</expan> cum altero & <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> & diuerſæ ſpeciei conferri queat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eam vel <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan>, vel <expan abbr="cõpoſitam">compoſitam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe dicimus: preſsius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à Phyſicis accipitur qui formas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine materia definiunt: quare per <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſpecificant formas naturales, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>ſpecificationi tantùm à Græcis tributum fuiſſe perſpi<lb></lb>cio, vt Simplicius <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ſpeciei cenſuerit eſſe <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan> cygni, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ceruſſæ. </s> <s>Verùm ne ſimus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3149"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="521"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3150"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita religioſi & acres in eo iudicio, ac demus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, vel genus quod aliqua ac<lb></lb>cidentia per ſe conſequantur, & <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> ſpeciem albedinis eſſe fateamur: at certè materiæ <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="con-uenientiã">con<lb></lb>uenientiam</expan> poſtulat: idcirco & vnum eſt, in quo collatio fit, & vna ſpecies <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <expan abbr="conferunt̃">conferuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed cùm hæc materiæ <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>conuenientia per ſe ipſam ſpectari valeat, quatenus eſſentia quędam <lb></lb>eſt, cęteris qualitatibus cogitationis ope ſegregatis; ea vero ad genus <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan> pertineat; quid <lb></lb>vetat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="collationẽ">collationem</expan> inter ea poni quę ſunt generis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>; vt, ſi animal cum animali conferatur, qua<lb></lb>tenus animalia ſunt? </s> <s>vt cùm animal de equo & homine dicitur æquè prædicari, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> magis <lb></lb>animal eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> equum? </s> <s>quid obſtat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, quin ſecundùm ea collatio fiat quæ tali naturę <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> per <lb></lb>ſe inſunt? </s> <s><expan abbr="Idq́">Idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> placuiſſe videtur Euclidi qui definiens rationem (eſt verò <foreign lang="grc">λόγος</foreign> & ratio & <foreign lang="grc">ἀνα<lb></lb>λογια</foreign>, ſeu proportio, ſpecies quædam <expan abbr="cõparationis">comparationis</expan>) inquit <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="mutuã">mutuam</expan> <expan abbr="duarũ">duarum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="magnitudinũ">magnitudinum</expan> ſecundùm quantitatem (<foreign lang="grc">πηλικότητα</foreign> vocat ille <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ eſt continua & permanens) <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> accepit generis <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan>, non ſpeciei ſolius. </s> <s>Quamobrem non iure contrahitur ab inter<lb></lb>pretibus ad ſpeciei ſpecialiſsimę <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan>, & eſto quae linea & ſuperficies ſint genera ſubalterna: <lb></lb>at illud nihilominus falsò negatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> non excedere talibus generibus, cùm & <expan abbr="paralellogrã-morũ">paralellogran<lb></lb>morum</expan> & triangulorum proportio ſit inter ſe, qualis eſt baſium, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ita dicere liceat, vt ſe habet linea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3151"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan>, & triangulus ad <expan abbr="triangulũ">triangulum</expan> ſeruata generalitate continui permanentis, & quod plus eſt, <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3152"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plectitur <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> genus quantitatis; cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> doceant mathematici, vt ſe habet linea ad <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan>, ſic & <expan abbr="nume-rũ">nume<lb></lb>rum</expan> ſe habere ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, neque id abhorret ab Ariſtotelęa doctrina; cùm & ipſe <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> genus <expan abbr="eo-rũ">eo<lb></lb>rum</expan> ſtatuerit <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in quæ proportio cadit. </s> <s>Ergo genus, vt vna <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, & vna ſimplex eſſentia ſumetur. </s> <s>Aſſeram <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3153"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cùm ea quæ ſint ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, aliquam naturæ <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan>, <expan abbr="p̃ſeferant">praeſeferant</expan>, illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõparationi">comparationi</expan> ſubii<lb></lb>ci poſſe. </s> <s>ſic ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quæſitũ">quæſitum</expan>, ſit'ne forma magis natura, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> materia; & vtra ſit magis ſubſtantia: ni<lb></lb>hilominus & natura & ſubſtantia de materia prædicantur, vt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo <expan abbr="cõfertur">confertur</expan> cum <lb></lb>motu recto <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan>, dum quęritur ſit'ne prior & perfectior motus, vt 8. Phyſ. & I. de cęlo <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Haud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diſsimiliter illud quæſitum, cur brutum directò contendat ad alimentum, non autem per <lb></lb>anfractus, ac dictum iter illud breuius eſſe. </s> <s>Conferuntur ergo linea recta & curua, neque lineæ <lb></lb>tantummodò, ſed ipſa ſpatia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, vt vides. </s> <s>Poſſum alia <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> <expan abbr="exẽpla">exempla</expan> ſubiicere quibus ea quæ <lb></lb>diuerſa ſunt, ab Ariſt. </s> <s>comparantur. </s> <s>Etenim vim agentem cum patiente confert, & <expan abbr="agentẽ">agentem</expan> ſimplici<lb></lb>ter perfectiorem patiente docet eſſe, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ita ſe habere, vt inde velocitatis differentias ducat, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3154"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3155"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cultatem diuidendi medium cum ea quæ eſt, vt diuidatur quæ medij ipſius eſt propria. </s> <s>Sic inter fa<lb></lb>cultatem agendi & patiendi, poteſt perpetuò poni proportio: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> pro robore agentis & habilitate pa<lb></lb>tientis ocyor, aut tardior actio permanat. </s> <s>Vbi ſi <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> collatione requiritur, euidenter ap<lb></lb>paret indiuiduo non obſtare <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> varietatem: quaſi actio indiuidua ſufficiat, quam tamen <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3156"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duo <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> genera præſtant, nempè agens & patiens. </s> <s>Eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modo dicemus facultates <lb></lb>motrices & reſiſtentias <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> conferri: quandò reſiſtentiæ referuntur ad mobilia, & in <expan abbr="patientiũ">patientium</expan> ra<lb></lb>tione collocantur. </s> <s>Sed cùm locum 4. de cęlo nuper attigerimus, obiter admonendum putaui <expan abbr="lecto-rẽ">lecto<lb></lb>rem</expan> ea, quæ ſcripſit Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">ἐὰν γὰρ ὑπερβαλλη ἡ ἰσχὺς ἡτοῦ βάρους τὴν ἐν τῷ συνεχεῖ πρὸς τὴν διάσπα<lb></lb>σιν καὶ διαὶρεσιν, βιάσεται κάτω θᾶττον. ἐὰν δὲ ἀσθενεστέρα, ἐπιπολάσει</foreign>. </s> <s>Ex quibus & aliqua <lb></lb>exprimuntur quæ conſentiant cum ſuperioribus; nimirùm <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> à grauitate diuidente miniſtrari: <lb></lb>tum etiam quae diuiſio non ſit motus, ſed <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus, & vnde motus exiſtit. </s> <s>At ſi ita legatur <foreign lang="grc">βιά<lb></lb>σεται</foreign>, quod præſefert externum quid, profectò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> non intrinſecùs abſolui; ſed extrinſe<lb></lb>cùs Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe teſtabitur: valet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea vox, [compelletur.] Sed illud mirùm, quia nonmodò ſigni<lb></lb>ficat ea vox <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, ſed prætereà violans, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> motus ille non videbitur eſſe naturalis. </s> <s>Aut <lb></lb>igitur dicemus Ariſt. </s> <s>loqui de illo genere motus qui fit ab externa vi, vt <expan abbr="impellẽte">impellente</expan>, de qua 3. de cęlo <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> verba facta ſunt, aut ſcripturæ <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan> notabimus, quæ pro illo quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">βήσεται</foreign> .i. </s> <s>procedet, ſubſti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3157"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuerit <foreign lang="grc">βιάσεται</foreign>. </s> <s>Sed quantum eſt de eo, quae indiuidua ſint ea <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> debet eſſe collatio: <expan abbr="utẽ">utem</expan> vt latius <lb></lb>indiuidui ratio pateat in hoc rerum genese. </s> <s>Proptereà quibus ineſt aliquid <expan abbr="conuẽientiæ">conuenientiæ</expan>, ſiue vni<lb></lb>uoca ſit, ſiue ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, hęc <expan abbr="cõparationem">comparationem</expan> admittere poſſe cenſeo, ſiue natura ipſa ſpectetur ab <expan abbr="accidẽ-">acciden<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3158"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tibus ſegregata ſimpliciter & generalitatis ratione conſeruata, vt ſi ſpectetur ſubſtantia; vt <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>; <lb></lb>& motus; vt motus, & eo planè modo quem admittit abſtractio Metaphyſica, quam noſti res ipſas <lb></lb>vniuersè ſumere, neque ad extremas ſpecies <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> deducere, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> proprias eorum <expan abbr="cõmuniũ">communium</expan> quali<lb></lb>tates aduertas. </s> <s>Nam ſic indiuidua ratio conſeruatur, in vniuocis, ſecundùm rem; in iis quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> ad <lb></lb>vnum, ſecundùm <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>: tametſi prior illa collatio poſita eſt in indiuiduo ſecundùm rem & <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <lb></lb>rationem. </s> <s>Hanc igitur <foreign lang="grc">ἄτομον</foreign> ſpeciem ſignificauit nobis, Phyſ. Ariſt. & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ἄτομὸν</foreign>, ſi ita expo<lb></lb>natur, vt non æquiuocum, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> clarum in die & voce comparari queunt. </s> <s>Neque arbitror diale<lb></lb>cticam aut Rhetoricam <expan abbr="collationẽ">collationem</expan> ex rerum <expan abbr="collatarũ">collatarum</expan> natura diſtingui, ſed ex modo tractandi, vt ſi<lb></lb>quæratur, ſit'ne magis ſubſtantia materia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> forma, & res per probabilia, aut neceſſaria tractetur, ef<lb></lb>fectura ſit <expan abbr="quęſtionẽ">quęſtionem</expan> diuerſam: etenim illo modo erit dialectica, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> erit demonſtratiua. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>inconcinnè dictum arbitror à <expan abbr="nõnullis">nonnullis</expan>, ineſſe <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> quandam in <expan abbr="pleriſq.">pleriſque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> quæ ab inten<lb></lb>tione formæ accipiatur: quandoquidem intentio modus eſt ſolùm, cui naturam aliquam ſupponi <lb></lb>oportet, huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> comparationem nos eſſe dicimus. </s> <s>Prætereà modus hic non ſemper cancellis vni<lb></lb>uoci cohibetur, ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de hoc eadem dubitatio maneret. </s> <s>Quanquam illud ſatis probabiliter <pb pagenum="522"></pb>Auerroi mihi videtur oppoſitum de iudicio collationis poſitæ inter <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> rectam & <expan abbr="curuã">curuam</expan>: is <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3159"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecum eas conferebat, ac ſi recta linea curuaretur: nam ſic minus ſpatij certè occuparet: quandò, <lb></lb>etſi non maneret eius forma, <expan abbr="cõſeruaretur">conſeruaretur</expan> tamen <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, nempè interuallum; eſſet enim id <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> <lb></lb>vnam lineæ transferre in alteram: quare non amplius recta, ſed circulus cum circulo conferretur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſpectari puto ſolam <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan>, ſeu productionem quæ <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> linea reperi<lb></lb>tur: ſiquidem non intelligo, quid prohibeat, quin motus rectus cum conuerſione conferatur: poſ<lb></lb>ſum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ego dicere <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> rectam & <expan abbr="curuã">curuam</expan> in productione <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan> quæ, ſi <expan abbr="cõueniant">conueniant</expan>, vel auctore Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>motus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conuenire oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>aliud addere neceſſe eſt quod tueatur <expan abbr="collationẽ">collationem</expan> inter li<lb></lb>neas; nihilominus nil attineat ad motum. </s> <s>Etenim differentia <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> naturalium à ſpatij forma, <lb></lb><expan abbr="figuraq́">figuraque</expan>. </s> <s>accipitur quæ tamen certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> terminis à quo, & ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>. </s> <s>Nunc, ſi ter<lb></lb>minos iſtos à quo .ſ. </s> <s>& ad quem <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> & <expan abbr="circunferentiã">circunferentiam</expan> ad quæ, & à quibus, aut <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> quæ fit mo<lb></lb>tus naturalis, abſtrahamus; fieri poreſt, vt quatenus extentio conſerantur <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> lineæ, quod fit à <lb></lb>mathematicis, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> de tetragoniſmo diſſerunt: attamen non ſequatur collatio <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan>. </s> <s>ſiquidem non <lb></lb>extentio ſola, ſed <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> varietas efficiat veras differentias <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> naturalium, & vt paucis <expan abbr="ex-plicẽ">ex<lb></lb>plicem</expan> animi mei ſenſum: <expan abbr="cõparantur">comparantur</expan>, vt lineæ tantùm, non vt ſpatia; differentia verò motuum à ſpa<lb></lb>tij ratione ducitur, quæ cum in motu bruti ad alimentum, vel directò, vel per anfractus, eſſet nulla <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3160"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>(determinatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> finibus motus recti, vel mixti, vt olim docui) proptereà motus illi facti ſunt ob<lb></lb>noxij collationi. </s> <s>Quòd ſi Ariſt. </s> <s>accepit lineas ſimpliciter, aut ſpatia ſignificiare voluit; aut, quod re<lb></lb>ctius puto, ſic accepit indefinitè, quia ſatis illi fuerit ea proponere quæ locum dubitationi darent. </s> <s>Sic <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> alteratio & latio conferri nequeunt, quae vnà non eſt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ratio <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, ſecundùm quam <lb></lb>collatio fiat generis, cùm ſint è diuerſis prædicamentis. </s> <s>Ita igitur ceſſat prima difficultas. </s> <s>Quantum <lb></lb>verò eſt de ſecunda dubitatione: potuerunt hæc <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> noſtrum ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> partem problematis im<lb></lb>pellere, Tum quae ad interitum <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> accidentis ſubſtantia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> interiret: Tum etiam quae <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> acci<lb></lb>dens demonſtratione concludi poſſet. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi accipiatur aliquod accidens, aut habet <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>proprium de prędicamento ſubſtantiæ, aut accidentis. </s> <s>ſi dederis illud; iam habemus quod volumus. <lb></lb></s> <s>quae ſi ſecundùm dixeris; <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> rurſus quæſtio de illo fiet, & ſic erit progreſſus in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, aut tandem <lb></lb>venire oportebit ad ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Alterum verò quae omne accidens eſſet affectio propria, <expan abbr="ſuoq́">ſuoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubie<lb></lb>cto per ſe & propriè conueniret, neque tamen <expan abbr="interẽpto">interempto</expan> quolibet accidente ſubſtantia tollitur, neque <lb></lb>demonſtrationi accidens <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Equidem cenſeo primùm accidens eſſe diſtribuendum in id <lb></lb>quod naturale eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud quod eſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; hoc eſt, in id quod ſequitur naturæ ordinem; <lb></lb><expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> verò eſt, quod cauſſas certas habet, & <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> fit, ac niſi fiat, id ab impedimento proficiſcitur, <lb></lb>& eſt fortuitum: illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rarò euenit, & cauſſas habet incertas; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nec habet <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> ad certa ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3161"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>biecta, nec vniuersè ineſt, nec in <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſpeciei conſtitutione exiſtit. </s> <s>Rurſus accidens ſecundùm <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> ſequitur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & quoniam materia duplex, aut quæ ſub <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, aut quę ſub ſen<lb></lb>ſum cadit: lita duplex eſt accidens, quod pullulat è materia, vel quia conſequatur <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ mente <expan abbr="cõ-cipitur">con<lb></lb>cipitur</expan>, ea verò per genus explanatur, aut <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan> quæ conſtituit indiuiduum: ob <expan abbr="eamq.">eamque</expan> cauſſam <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>accidentia quæ generi primo tribuantur; alia quæ primò inhęreant ſpeciei, nonnulla quæ inſint in <lb></lb>indiuiduis. </s> <s>Quæ genus & <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> ſectantur, certa ſunt, nec <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> actus, aut habilitas vnquam deficit, <lb></lb>quæ verò materiæ comitantur, <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> latitudinem adepta ſunt, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> plus & minus accipiunt, & <lb></lb>à ſubſtantia ſeparantur: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia ſenſilis rei ipſius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> non <expan abbr="cõpleat̃">compleatur</expan>, illam ſalua ſubſtantia <lb></lb>perturbari contingit, vnde accidentia permutantur. </s> <s>Veruntamen hoc <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> genus vel in indi<lb></lb>uiduo, vel in ſubſtantia ſimpliciter obſeruari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> prohibet, quominus in indiuiduo <expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan> ſenſilem conſequantur, in ſubſtantia verò ſimpliciter ſumpta cauſſas habeant certas, & eiuſmodi <lb></lb>quæ per ſe ſint: albedo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ per accidens in equo exiſtit, & propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſine qua equus eſſe po<lb></lb>teſt: tamen in vniuerſitate ſubſtantiæ certas cauſſas aſſecuta eſt; nimirùm cum minimo opaco lucis <lb></lb>copioſæ <expan abbr="miſturã">miſturam</expan>: <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>efficitur, vt habeat certum ſubiectum, licet <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> ſpecies peruagetur, & <lb></lb>nomine fortaſſe vacet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> fortè eadem ratio eſt albedinis in niue & equo: hîc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiam <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3162"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſine controuerſia: ibi verò principia, ni fallor, quæ conſtituunt: quandò in niue multus aër concre<lb></lb>tus ineſt ex imperio frigoris, vnde & nix exiſtit, & comitatur albedo, vt quanuis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> multas ſpeciales <lb></lb>cauſſas habeat, vt in calce <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, habet tamen <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> cauſſam <expan abbr="vniuerſalẽ">vniuerſalem</expan> & <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, licèt in aliquibus <lb></lb>ex euento ſit in aliis adnexam habeat neceſsitatem, & hîc <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> alibi <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>reſpiciat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod ex materia ducit <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan>, vagum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & per plures ſpecies pertinere; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> <lb></lb>ſpeciei ſingularia pertentare: tamen & ex his aliquando mens colligit vniuerſale, quemadmodum <lb></lb>nos in notitia confuſa primum eſſe defendimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> duplex vniuerſale libentiſsimè ſtatueremus; <lb></lb>alterum quod ex formę conuenientia proximè deriuatur, & ex hac dicimus <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> trahere ſeriem <lb></lb>ac <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> ſpecierum, & generum quæ conſtituunt <expan abbr="prędicamentũ">prędicamentum</expan> conuenientia materiæ vni<lb></lb>uerſale tantum; non neceſſariò <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> vel genus: aliud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt vniuerſale ab his, quòniam ſpecies & <lb></lb>genus præter <expan abbr="vniuerſitatẽ">vniuerſitatem</expan> ſignificant <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> modum quo <expan abbr="cõmunicantur">communicantur</expan> ſubiectis; vniuerſale <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> re<lb></lb>ſpicit indiuidua ſolùm. </s> <s>Sed cùm & hoc ſit vnius rationis; opinor item ſecundùm illud fieri poſſe <lb></lb>collationem; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> negarem quoquo pacto ſubiici demonſtrationi. </s> <s>Ex his efficitur, vt per ſe & ſim<lb></lb>pliciter accidens illud <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ſit, & demonſtrati ac ſciri queat. </s> <s>de hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, aut illo ſubiecto non ne <pb pagenum="523"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3163"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceſſariò; Sic vnum primùm excipiens in iis quæ ſecundùm naturam inſunt, accidentibus vniuocis, <lb></lb>ponere nil habet abſurdi. </s> <s>At cur non redundat ea conditio, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ante oppoſuimus? </s> <s>An <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> duplex materia ſubiicitur illi accidenti; altera <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> qua prima fundatur quæ ſæpe nomen <lb></lb>non habet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera in qua ineſt quidem, ſed non per ſe & primò, verùm aut per genus, aut meritò <lb></lb>materiæ ſenſilis, ideò ſubiectum illud primum <expan abbr="quęrendũ">quęrendum</expan> fuit, vt de eo poſſet ſtatui collatio, quæ ali<lb></lb>quid certi præſeferret, & videtur Ariſt. </s> <s>in ſua ſententia perſtitiſſe, vt cauſſa methodi perſequeretur <lb></lb>ea quæ pręcipuè ſunt huiuſmodi: ſunt verò quæ in ſpecie ſpecialiſsima conueniunt, & quorum ſu<lb></lb>biectum, & primum ſcilicet excipiens, & quod ab eo denominatur, habet nomen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3145"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3146"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3147"></margin.target>c 4. Top. <lb></lb>5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3148"></margin.target>d Zimara <lb></lb>Theor. 55.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3149"></margin.target>e 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3150"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3151"></margin.target>a Defin. <lb></lb></s> <s>13.5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3152"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3153"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3154"></margin.target>c 3. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3155"></margin.target>d 4. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3156"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3157"></margin.target>e T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3158"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3159"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3160"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3161"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3162"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3163"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Recenſentur ſummatim regulæ proportionum ab Aristotele conſtitutę. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NARRAVIMVS anteà cauſſam ob quam <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan> cum motu recto conferri non poſsit, ſed <lb></lb>rectus cum recto ſolùm, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> conuerſione conuerſio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò conſilium <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> eſt age<lb></lb>re ſpeciatim de conuerſione, iis quæ ipſius propria ſunt, ad eum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> reiectis, in præſentia de recto di<lb></lb>camus. </s> <s>Profectò de collatione quęſitum eſt, vt intelligeremus, cur hic motus altero velocior eſſet, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc problema per ſe ipſum ſcitu <expan abbr="dignũ">dignum</expan> eſt in ſpeculatione motus, & cauſſas habet obſcuras, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3164"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& controuerſiæ <expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſſenſionis inter philoſophos peritiſsimos, vt non defuerint <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, qui <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>in hac poſitione reliquerint. </s> <s>Ita verò nos ipſum tractabimus, vt regulas Ariſtotelicas ſumma, <lb></lb>breuitate explanemus, tum deinde nos ad <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan> diſquiſitionem conferamus. </s> <s>Verùm pro certio<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> intelligentia, meminerimus cauſſas quę ad motus <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> faciunt, eſſe multas, ſed ex his <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> principem quę vis eſt mouens; alteram <expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> quæ eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> internum; ac <expan abbr="tertiã">tertiam</expan>, quę eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> per quod fit motus: hoc verò eſt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, quod cùm cęteris qualitatibus inſignitum ſit, fouet, <lb></lb>aut impedit motum. </s> <s>accedere poſſunt & alię cauſſæ ſociæ, de quibus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuprà multa docuimus; <lb></lb>veluti figura mobilis, & magnitudo, vicinia <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan>: nam quod vicinius eſt, <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> <expan abbr="prõptius">promptius</expan>, <lb></lb>efficacius, & citius agit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod longius abeſt, profectus item in formis, & ſiqua alia ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> de <lb></lb>quibus item poſthàc agetur. </s> <s>Quia verò <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc cum virtute concurrunt, vel quae adiuuent ipſam, vel <lb></lb>quae impediant, ideò ſolùm fit ab Ariſt. </s> <s>mentio de virtute, quæ item cùm externa ſit, aut interna; cùm <lb></lb>interna ſit patibilis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> à nobis olim oſtenſum fuit, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ab alio quod extrà ſit, in actum <lb></lb>perduci debeat; accipietur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> virtus interna, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> afferens auxilium, ac regulæ de vi motrice externa <lb></lb>ſtatuentur; ea verò cum mobili conferetur. </s> <s>At cùm mouens, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, ſit actu; mobile verò, <lb></lb>quà tale eſt, obtineat <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa ſit, ſiue per ſe, ſiue per accidens: actus mouentis cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3165"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mobilis poteſtate conferetur. </s> <s>Porrò poteſtas mobilis reſiſtentiæ nomine ſignificari ſolet, quia verò <lb></lb>reſiſtentia notat aliquod impedimentum; <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> item quæ proceſſum mobilis <expan abbr="impediẽt">impedient</expan>, ad hoc caput <lb></lb>non ſine cauſſa referenda erunt. </s> <s>Idcirco ex vna parte ponetur mouens cum <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> adiuuantibus, ex <lb></lb>altera mobile cum <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> impedientibus, quæ tamen ita inter ſeſe habere oportet, vt mouens ſemper <lb></lb>mobili præſtet. </s> <s>Neque verò hîc te expectare volo, quod de motu naturali <expan abbr="contrariorumq́">contrariorumque</expan>. </s> <s>propen<lb></lb>ſione dictum eſt, vbi accepimus <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ſimpliciter ab actu ſuperari, quae hîc non accipimus <expan abbr="poteſta-tẽ">poteſta<lb></lb>tem</expan> naturalem ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> item quæ latius patet, & ea <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> quæ mouentur contra natu<lb></lb>ram. </s> <s>proinde <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> mouentis alteri actui qui mobilis eſt, antecedere oportet. </s> <s>Neque proponitur quę<lb></lb>ſtio ſimpliciter de <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> virtute, ſed eſt quæſtio <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, cùm ſit collatio <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ex virtutibus mo<lb></lb>uentibus, atque mobilibus. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> virtutes conferentur: quanto .ſ. </s> <s>hæc virtus moueat hoc, aut aliud <lb></lb>mobile magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alia. </s> <s>id autem ex effectu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ſpectatur, quòd aut plus ſpatij, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> altera mouet, aut <lb></lb>per idem ſpatium <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> breuiore: nam <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> & ſpatium proportione inter ſe viciſsim reſpondent, <lb></lb>vt æqualitate ſpatij <expan abbr="temporiſq́">temporiſque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio par conſeruetur in exuperationibus augeſcat <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> tempuſúe <lb></lb>minuatur. </s> <s>Septem verò regulis vniuerſa hæc quæſtio ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõprehenſa">comprehenſa</expan> eſt, è quibus duæ prio<lb></lb>res continent exuperationem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Harũ">Harum</expan> prima talis eſt. </s> <s>Si qua virtus mouet aliquod mobile per quod<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3166"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dam <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> in certo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, eadem virtus dimidium mobilis in eodem <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> per <expan abbr="duplũ">duplum</expan> ſpatij mo<lb></lb>uebit. </s> <s>Altera verò. </s> <s>Eadem virtus mouebit dimidium <expan abbr="peridẽ">per idem</expan> ſpatium dimidio tempore. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtriuſq.">Vtriuſque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> regulę fons idem eſt, quia cùm <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> congruant viciſsim in exuperationibus ſpatium & tempus, <lb></lb>vt proportio conſeruetur, aut ſpatium creſcat neceſſe eſt, aut decreſcat. </s> <s>Proximæ duæ continent <expan abbr="ra-tionẽ">ra<lb></lb>tionem</expan> æqualitatis. </s> <s>Nam primę ſupponitur hoc: aliquam virtutem mouere <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> mobile per ſpa<lb></lb>tium deſignatum; <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>idem mobile per dimidium ſpatij mouere: quapropter effici vt ipſum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueat dimidio temporis. </s> <s>Altera verò ſtatuitur dimidiam <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan>, dimidium mobile per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>ſpatium, <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> tempore moturam: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio virtutis ad mobile conſeruatur, quandoquidem ſic ſe <lb></lb>habet <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> virtutis ad <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> mobilis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> tota virtus ad <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> mobile. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> de cęteris partibus proportionalibus vt tertiis, & quartis virtutis & mobilis. </s> <s>Regulę illę quę <lb></lb>ſuccedunt his, virtutis diuiſionem <expan abbr="cõplectuntur">complectuntur</expan>, à qua <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> proficiſci docemur. </s> <s>hoc modo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam, ſi virtus agat mobile per aliquod ſpatium certo tempore, non neceſſe eſt dimidium virtutis. <lb></lb></s> <s>idem mobile concitet per dimidium ſpatij tempore eodem. </s> <s>Neque etiam, quòd dimidia <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> <lb></lb>moueat per idem ſpatium tempore <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, & planè hoc ſit habet, quòd in minori <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> producitur actio <lb></lb>neceſſariò: ſiquidem in toto pars aliquid præſtare poſsit, quod vbi ſeparata eſt, neutiquam efficiet. <pb pagenum="524"></pb>Vltima continet <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> virtutum hoc pacto. </s> <s>Nam ſint duæ virtutes quarum ſingulę ſingula <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3167"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mobilia concitent per <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> definitum <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> præſcripto, ac virtutes & mobilia componantur; aio <lb></lb>virtutes coniunctas mobilia coniuncta moturas per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſpatium <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> tempore: quod item ex <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>radice <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> ducere, quia <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſe habet pars ad <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, ſic ſe habet totum ad totum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquàm poterat illud excitare <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> admirationem, quae cùm videatur eſſe eadem proportio par<lb></lb>tium ad partes quæ eſt totius ad <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, ea tamen in mouendo non ſeruaretur, præſertim cum virtu<lb></lb>tes iſtæ ſint materiatæ <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuiduæ, necnon vniformes. </s> <s>Confirmatur, quia ſi partitio minuit vires <lb></lb>in mouente, cur etiam non minuet illas in eo quod mouetur? </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> minus reſiſtent partes mobilis. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi fuerit magnum <expan abbr="fruſtũ">fruſtum</expan> carnis, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>pendat 20. pondo, ac ſi fieri poſsit in 20. fruſta æqualia <expan abbr="diuidat̃">diuidatur</expan> <lb></lb>idcirco pendent <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> 20. P. nec inęqualia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> facient eandem <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="minorẽ">minorem</expan> conficient: quaſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> virtus, vbi ſeparatæ ſint à toto, minuatur: in toto verò ſibi mutuas operas præſtent: <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>rei <lb></lb>reſpondet <expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan> Ariſtotelicum. </s> <s>Centum homines trahere vnam nauim, eius verò centeſimam <lb></lb>partem ſingulos, haud <expan abbr="quaq̃">quaquae</expan>: <expan abbr="diciq́">dicique</expan>. </s> <s>ſoleat. </s> <s>Virtutem coactam potiorem eſſe ſeipſa diſperſa. </s> <s>Sic <lb></lb>ſe colligit quiſpiam magnam plagam illaturus, & in maximis curis noſmet colligere ſolemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim hoc minus natiua rerum momenta quaquam animi concitationem conſequitur. </s> <s>ſiquidem <lb></lb>& in turbidis & tranquillis habeat locum id quod dictum eſt. </s> <s>Etenim vulgò prædicatur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3168"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3164"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3165"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3166"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3167"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3168"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Pluribus intentus non eſt ad ſingula ſenſus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb>& in grauiſsima illa perturbatione quam libidinem vocant, pro remedio partitio conſueuit vſurpa<lb></lb>ri, quemadmodum eruditiſsimus ille amorum doctor admonuit; cuius carmen, quia nobiliſsimum <lb></lb>eſt, vt interim ſpeculationis arctæ faſtidium muſis dulcioribus eleuemus, hîc apponere non graua<lb></lb>bimur. </s> <s>ſcribit enim:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Secta bipartito cùm mens diſcurrit vtroque<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alterius vires ſubtrabit alter amor<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Grandia per multos teneantur flumina riuos<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Sectaq́ue">Sectaque</expan> ſubducto ſtipite flamma perit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et idem ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inij obſeruatum quæ ſub adſpectum cadunt: nam diuiſa minora <expan abbr="vidẽtur">videntur</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3169"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>viderentur integra: & augetur quidem numerus diuidendo, ſed magnitudo decreſcit: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propria <lb></lb>magnitudo quantitatis continuę, quatenus huiuſmodi quæ per diuiſionem tollitur. </s> <s>Sed mea qui<lb></lb>dem ſententia diſtinguendum adhuc de partibus quantitatis; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> virtutis, & id partibus quantitatis <lb></lb>concedendum, quòd ſi virtutis partes ſpectentur <expan abbr="facilẽ">facilem</expan> defendi poterit regula aſsignata. </s> <s>Et planè hęc <lb></lb>quæ dicuntur ab his, accipiunt virtutem certis contractam qualitatibus propter quas in actione mu<lb></lb>tatio contingit, vbi magna vis eſt adiuuantium & impedientium quæ per compoſitionem & diuiſio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3170"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem magnas admittunt varietates. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt homo & ſi centeſima pars eſt quantitatis, non ſit pars <lb></lb>centeſima virtutis: & <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> pars æqualis magnitudinis eſt maior pars virtutis, vt cùm duo tra<lb></lb>hunt vnam cymbam, tertius qui accedit, eſt ęqualis magnitudinis, ſed multo plus <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, & eſt plus <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tertia pars virtutis. </s> <s>Et componendo creſcit virtus, diudendo minuitur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nec à centeſima qui<lb></lb>dem parte virtutis agitur pars centeſima nauis, nonmodò ab vno homine ex centum, qui eam mo<lb></lb>uebant <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi ſint vniformia mouens & mobile, & eadem ſit ratio totius & partium, & <lb></lb>agendo & reſiſtendo, nihilominus, nec tantum pars agat in partem, nec pars item à parte patiatur vt <lb></lb>totum à toto. </s> <s>Siquidem ratio totius in partibus ſeorſum conſeruatur ſanè: ſed actio & perpeſsio po<lb></lb>ſitæ ſunt. </s> <s>in certa proportione agentis ad partiens, ea verò proportio cònſiſtit exuperantia quæ niſi <lb></lb>fuerit inſignis, nihilo plus promouebit, vt monſtrauit Ariſt. </s> <s>lib. deſent. </s> <s>Quamobrèm, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> magnitudo <lb></lb>continuè diuidi poſsit, non neceſſario vèrò talis exuperantia retinetur in proceſſu diuiſionis: effici<lb></lb>tur item, vt vis agendi tollatur à parte, quanuis cætera ſuperſint. </s> <s>Eadem quoq: ratio <expan abbr="ĩeunda">ineunda</expan> eſt, vbi <lb></lb>impedimentum quoddam mobili accedat: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic euenit, vt proportio inter partes & totum non ſer<lb></lb>uetur, quam neceſſariò credimus eſſe ſeruandam & quaſdam regulas eius. </s> <s>Proptereà nihil eſt quod <lb></lb>obiicitur Ariſt. </s> <s>peccant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obiectiones in figuræ dictionis, dum <expan abbr="cõmutant">commutant</expan> partès virtutis <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> partibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3171"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantitatis, & quod in coniunctione agentis & patientis eſt poſitum, in ſingulis ſeorſum ſumunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ad ſummam de regulis hiſce dicta ſufficiant. </s> <s>nunc eas diligentius exploremus, & videamus pri<lb></lb>mùm quid de illarum cauſsis cęteri exiſtimarint.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3169"></margin.target>a 18. ſect. <lb></lb></s> <s>Probl. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3170"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3171"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum ſententiæ de cauſſis proportionis in velocitate motuum quàm breuiſſimè <lb></lb>recitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEQVE nobis officit id quod opponitur ex Ariſt. </s> <s>quoniam cauſſæ velocitatis & tarditatis ma<lb></lb>ioris ſunt exuperatio virtutis & reſiſtentiæ: at vbi exuperatio, ibi diuiſio, in cęlis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="reſiſtẽ-tia">reſiſten<lb></lb>tia</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> diuiſio: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> magis, aut minus velox. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti mouens & mobile ſunt alterius ra<lb></lb>tionis ab his noſtratib. ita & exuperatio & reſiſtentia: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>eſt exuperatio corporea; ſicut <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vir<lb></lb>tus mouens corporea; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> reſiſtentia propter actum contrariùm, ſed propter naturam <expan abbr="potẽtiæ">potentiæ</expan> quæ <lb></lb>per ſeipſam vacat actu ad vbi in aliqua è ſuis partib. aut ſiqua ſit alia verior eius <expan abbr="euẽti">euenti</expan> cauſſa de qua <lb></lb>ſuprà dictum eſt. </s> <s>Nec mirum; quandò ratio diuiſionis obiri poteſt bifariam, vel ſecundùm molem; <pb pagenum="525"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3172"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& talis eſt diuiſio virtutum, quæ corpori inhærent; vel etiam ſecundùm gradum: & hæc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratio <lb></lb>pertinet per virtutes incorporeas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vna alteram probè dicitur perfectione ſuperare. </s> <s>Vbi verò eſt <lb></lb>exuperatio, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa fuerit: ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rationem diuiſionis adeſſe oportet: cùm exuperans ſeca<lb></lb>ri debeat in id quod ſuperatur, & in id quo ſuperat. </s> <s>Sed tum accuratè tractabitur iſtius diuiſionis re<lb></lb>ctio; cùm de rerum perfectione diſſeretur: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt obiter explicem nunc, & actus primus & illius cer<lb></lb>ta participatio, ex qua certè eſſentiarum gradus emanant <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> diuerſæ ſpecies efficiuntur; cùm cæte<lb></lb>roquin eæ formæ, quæ <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> participant, ſi plus, aut minus per tranſmutationem ſuſcipiunt, ſpe<lb></lb>ciem non immutent, præter admodum paucas, quarum .ſ. </s> <s>eſſe ſe habet in indiuiduum, vt de quibuſ<lb></lb>dam animi affectib. anteà diximus, & alibi de igni <expan abbr="glacieq́">glacieque</expan>. </s> <s>dicetur: & eæ quæ multæ ſub vna ſpecie <lb></lb>ſunt, neceſſariò materiatæ ſint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corporeæ. </s> <s>Proinde Auerroës excludens incorporea mouentia <lb></lb>diuiſione, defendetur eo nomine; quia corpoream diuiſionem acceperit, quam 7. Phyſ. veriſimile e<lb></lb>rat ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe tractatam, quae motior eſſet nondum compertis illis mouentib. quæ materia vacant, <lb></lb>& ad res materiatas primò pertinentib. eiuſmodi regulis, analogicè verò ad incorporeas. </s> <s>Attamen <lb></lb>& contra regulas ab Ariſt. </s> <s>allatas, & multa dubitata fuiſſe ſcimus, & aliqua ſic oppugnata, vt quoſ<lb></lb>dam optimum ducem Ariſt. </s> <s>ſcuto abiecto deſerere non puduerit: quapropter & complura item pro<lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>nonnulli dicere coacti fuerunt, vt proportionum tractatio propemodum creuerit in immen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3173"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſum. </s> <s>Nam contra primam regulam qua ſtatuebatur id. </s> <s>Si virtus aliqua mouens per ſtadium vna ho<lb></lb>ra mouet quoddam mobile; eius item dimidium ab eadem virtute per duo ſtadia tempore eodem <lb></lb>motum iri, ſic inſtabant. </s> <s>Si detur homo quidam, qui ferat pondus centum librarum per totidem ſta<lb></lb>dia vna die, non feret vnam libram eadem die per ſtadia decem millia: quae fieri nequit, vt tantum iter <lb></lb>homo conficiat. </s> <s>Sed eadem ratio ſeruatur; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ita ſe habet mobile ad ſpatium & tempus, vbi di<lb></lb>uiſum fuerit in dimidia. </s> <s>Prætereà, ſi virtus vt octo, mouet mobile vt quattuor, per ſpatium vnius <lb></lb>ſtadij vna hora mouebit mobile vt duo, per duo ſtadia eadem hora: atqui prius mouebat id quod <lb></lb>exuperabat vt quattuor, <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> mouet id quod exuperat vt ſex: verùm ſex ad quattuor habent propor<lb></lb>tionem ſeſquialteram. </s> <s>Cùm ergo velocitas ſequatur exuperationem virtutis ad <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan>, augebi<lb></lb>tur velocitas quæ à ſeſquialtera virtute proficiſcitur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſeſquialtera proportione: cęterùm conſtat il<lb></lb>lam eſſe in dupla; ſiquidem mobile prius vna hora per vnum ſtadium; poſteà verò eodem tempore <lb></lb>per duo ſtadia moueretur. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> licet ad hæc dicere virtutem eſſe vel vniformem, vel <expan abbr="organicã">organicam</expan> <lb></lb>& difformem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem in vniuerſis partib. ſui ſimilem, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe idem ſemper effice<lb></lb>re; <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> verò ſui diſsimilem variis <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modis exerceri, &, vt dici ſolet, intra ſe habere quod reſi<lb></lb>ſtat, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem fatigari: prætereà vim motricem (latius ſumpta voce mouendi) internam eſſe & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3174"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>externam; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> externam, ſiquando moueat præter naturam, & ipſam delaxari; <expan abbr="ſolamq́">ſolamque</expan>. </s> <s>eam quæ <lb></lb>mouet ſecundùm naturam, ſiue interna fuerit, ſiue externa, non affici labore: ac ſi opus fuerit, infini<lb></lb>tè mouere; nunc verò de vniformib. verba fieri quæ ſecundùm naturam moueant; ita vt quæ de mo<lb></lb>uentis corporei fatigatione afferuntur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>pertineant ad motus externos (niſi fortè & aduerſo<lb></lb>rum ratio ponatur in internis, ex qua efficitur, vt proprias formas amittant, & mox functiones quæ <lb></lb>formis eiuſmodi comitantur) ſunt verò certè motiones: quae vt ad hæc primò pertinet motus, ita quo<lb></lb>que regulæ quæ de ipſo traduntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, quae iis obſeruatis quæ ſuperiore capite narrata <expan abbr="fuerũt">fuerunt</expan>, adamuſ<lb></lb>ſim ad alia mouentia poſſunt aptari: nob. </s> <s>ſecus videtur eſſe dicendum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſpectandum primò, vn<lb></lb>dénam ratio velocitatis maioris & exuperationis omnino proximè ducatur. </s> <s>At verò & id à cauſſa <lb></lb>tractari poteſt, exponendo nimirùm, quę'nam ſit propria exuperationis illius cauſſa: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab effectu <lb></lb>ex quo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſigno, talis exuperatio cognoſcatur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id cum in motu recto, tum item in conuerſio<lb></lb>ne. </s> <s>Verùm quae Ariſt. </s> <s>de conuerſione non meminerat, cùm regulæ iſtæ traditæ fuerunt: nos de recta <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> primùm verba faciemus, & eius cauſſas priore loco ſcrutabimur. </s> <s>De cauſsis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quattuor opi<lb></lb>niones à Latinis antiquiorib. defenſas fuiſſe comperio. </s> <s>Primam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quae ratio velocitatis accipiatur <lb></lb>à proportione, quam inter ſe habent <expan abbr="potẽtiæ">potentiæ</expan> motrices; vt qualis ſit proportio virtutis ad virtutem, <lb></lb>talis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſit velocitatis ad velocitatem: verbig. </s> <s>ſi virtus vt octo, mouet in hora mobile vt duo, per <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3175"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtadium; virtus vt quattuor, mouet idem mobile; quae in tanto maiore moueat hęc virtus, aut per tanto <lb></lb>minus ſpatium, quanto quattuor minus ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> octo; cùm verò octo ſit duplum ad quattuor, in du<lb></lb>plo item maiore tempore, aut per dimidium ſpatium mouere debeat. </s> <s>Secunda verò, quae velocitatis <lb></lb>ratio ex proportione & reſiſtentia mobilium iudicetur: vt ſi virtus vt octo, mouet 10. libras; virtus <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt quattuor, libras 20, velocius moueantur libræ 10. quàm 20 duplo, quia 20. libræ duplo ſupe<lb></lb>rant 10. Tertia verò fuit, vt ſingulæ virtutes cum ſuis reſiſtentiis <expan abbr="cõferantur">conferantur</expan>, vt, ſi virtus vt octo mo<lb></lb>ueat vnum, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueat virtus vt quattuor, quae velocitas ab octo tanto maior præſtetur, <expan abbr="q̃to">quanto</expan> <lb></lb>ipſa ſuperat vnum. </s> <s>Cùm igitur quod eſt octo excellat vnum ſeptem partib. & quod eſt quattuor, tri<lb></lb>bus inde velocitatis exuperatio ſumatur: vt ſi octo moueat vnum velocius proportione dupla ſeſ<lb></lb>quitertia. </s> <s>Poſtrema, quam à <expan abbr="pleriſq.">pleriſque</expan> defendi video, talis eſt, vt ratio velocitatis maioris poſita ſit <lb></lb>in proportione, ſeu proportionalitate, quæ eſt duarum collatio rationum, quę quidem proportio ex <lb></lb>vna parte intercedit inter mouens & ſuum mobile, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera inter alterum mouens & mobile ſibi <lb></lb>reſpondens, vt ſi virtus vt octo, moueat mobile vt duo, virtus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt ſex, mobile vt tria, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prior <lb></lb>quidem quadrupla eſt, poſterior autem dupla: quia quadruplum ad duplum rationem obtinet du <pb pagenum="526"></pb>pli: ſic ab ea quæ eſt vt octo, duplo velocior motus efficiatur aduerſus duo, quàm ab ea quæ eſt vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3176"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſex, aduerſus tria.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3172"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3173"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3174"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3175"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3176"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnullæ è ſententijs ſuperioribus de motuum exuperatione confu<lb></lb>tantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC antiquiores Latini profeſsi ſunt. </s> <s>Cęterùm munus noſtrum eſt omnia diligentius explo<lb></lb>rare; ſic tamen, vt, non quemadmodum complures ex his tranſilientes de phyſicis in mathema<lb></lb>tica fecerunt; ſed quantum ad rem noſtram in præſentia pertinet, vt ſaltem ratio perſpiciatur, pro<lb></lb>pter quam in vnam ex iis ſententiis ceſſerimus, & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ſcriptis ex his quæ mox dicentur, aliqua lux <lb></lb>afferatur. </s> <s>Nam quae prima illa ſententia defendi nequeat. </s> <s>Nempe quae velocitatis ratio ſumatur à propor<lb></lb>tione, quæ inter potentias motrices intercedit. </s> <s>hoc accepto nob. </s> <s>eſt facilè demonſtrare. </s> <s>Etenim mo<lb></lb>tui, ſiue actioni ſupponitur exuperatio virtutis ad mobile, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt ſi <expan abbr="æquarũ">æquarum</expan> <expan abbr="viriũ">virium</expan> fuerint, mo<lb></lb>uens agendo, mobile <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> renitendo; nulla ſanè actio producatur: <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus, ſi mouens habue<lb></lb>rit minorem vim: quæ ſanè perſpicuè ſequerentur, ſi à proportione poteſtatum motricium, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in<lb></lb>ter ſe habent, velocitatis ratio ſumeretur. </s> <s>Primùm quidem fingere licet, ſiqua poteſtas mouet quod<lb></lb>libet: idem aliam quampiam mouere poſſe duplo tardius. </s> <s>Sed accipiamus quattuor mouere duo, ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3177"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tardius hęc duplo mouenda ſunt, ergo mouenda erunt à poteſtate, quæ ſit vt duo. </s> <s>Igitur ab æquali <lb></lb>actio naſcetur. </s> <s>Rurſus ſi fingamus <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> vt ſex, mouere mobile vt quattuor, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>duplo tardius <lb></lb>moueri queat; profectò à duplo minore virtute moueri illud oportebit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fuerint ſex. </s> <s>Erit igitur vir<lb></lb>tus vt tria; ſic actio producetur à minori. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item defendi poteſt opinio ſecunda: erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc, vt <lb></lb>velocitatis ratio ſumeretur à proportione mobilium. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> aut ab æquali itidem actio naſceretur; <lb></lb>aut non eſſet ea reſiſtentium proportio quæ regulæ ſupponitur. </s> <s>Etenim duo ſint, quæ moueantur à <lb></lb>quattuor, nil prohibet certè <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> potentiam poſſe mouere duplo tardius aliud mobile. </s> <s>quęrimus <lb></lb>nunc, an illud mobile ſit duplo maius, an non: ſi primum dederis: cùm eius duplum ſit quattuor, à <lb></lb>quattuor actio proficiſcitur in quattuor: igitur ab ęquali: ſi verò negaueris; ergo non ſeruabitur ra<lb></lb>tio proportionum inter reſiſtentias & mobilia, <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae motus etiam à minori proficiſci poſſet: vt <lb></lb>ſi ſex moueant quattuor, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>aliud mobile duplo tardius mouere poſsint; hoc etiam ſciſcita<lb></lb>bor, an'ne duplum ad quattuor futurum ſit, nec'ne. </s> <s>ſi negaueris: certè ratio par non erit velocitatis & <lb></lb>reſiſtentiæ. </s> <s>ſi dederis: igitur à ſex, quod eſt minus, actio permanabit ad octo, quod eſt maius. </s> <s>Nulla <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa nos impellit ad tertiam approbandam, quæ fuit huiuſmodi: vt virtutes cum reſiſten<lb></lb>tiis conferrentur, & arithmetica proportio ſeruaretur. </s> <s>Hîc ego ſtatuo duas ex omnib. <expan abbr="proportionũ">proportionum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3178"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpecies, geometricam .ſ. </s> <s>& arithmeticam, & eas ita ſeparo. </s> <s>quae in geometrica ſumantur exuperationes <lb></lb>proportione pares, vt eas quę eſt inter duo, quattuor, & octo nam poſterius ſemper eſt duplum pro<lb></lb>ximè pręcedentis. </s> <s>In arithmetica verò exuperatio ſemper eſt æqualis quantitatis, vt duo, quattuor <lb></lb>ſex. </s> <s>nam ſemper exuperant duo. </s> <s>Igitur tertia ſententia dimiſſa proportione geometrica quæ propor<lb></lb>tionum æqualitate conſiſtit, arithmeticam ſumit quæ accipit exuperationes quantitate pares. </s> <s>In pri<lb></lb>mis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>poſitum eſt; ſiqua potentia mouet aliquod mobile, dimidium mobilis illius æqua ve<lb></lb>locitate mouere poſſe; hoc eſt, in eodem tempore per idem ſpatium. </s> <s>Verùm ſi arithmetica proportio <lb></lb>ſeruaretur, vt aliqui cenſent; dimidium virtutis mouere non poſſet dimidium mobilis æquè veloci<lb></lb>ter; hoc <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> falſum eſſe conſtat: ſiquidem exuperatio, qua quattuor ſuperant duo, non eſt illi æqualis <lb></lb>qua duo ſuperant vnum, cum prima illa exuperatio quorum ſit, vnius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſterior. </s> <s>Quia verò ſæ<lb></lb>pe fit, vt ratio nos fallat: quandò non rarò euenit, vt eius principia, quae vniuerſa nimium diſtent à ſen<lb></lb>ſib. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſe ſatis prodant in reb. cum materia coniunctis: quamobrem & in phyſicis experientia <expan abbr="cõ-firmari">con<lb></lb>firmari</expan> illa oporteat; in hac re <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſuccurrit experientia, qua propoſitum pateat. </s> <s>Nam ſi centum <lb></lb>homines pellant vnam nauim magnam, & vnus ad illos accedat, parùm quidem ad poteſtatem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <lb></lb>priorem adiungetur; at ſi parua nauicula fuerit, & quæ à duob. </s> <s>pelli queat, vno ſuperueniente ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3179"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gnum ſanè momentum accedet & fortaſſe nauicula non in ſeſquialtera, ſed multò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> maiore propor<lb></lb>tione mouebitur; & tamen exuperatio in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> motu paris eſt quantitatis. </s> <s>Quapropter id ſolùm re<lb></lb>ſtat, vt in regulis huiuſmodi proportionem ſeruetur generatim proportio geometrica; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>non pu<lb></lb>ra <expan abbr="ſimplexq́">ſimplexque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, vt inter virtutes & mobilia ſeorſum; ſed compoſita, quam Geometræ propriè <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> <lb></lb>analogiam: conſtat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> è duab. rationib. quæ ſunt inter vnum mouens & vnum mobile ex vna par<lb></lb>te, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum mouens, & id quod ab eo mouetur ex altera: veluti ſi potentia quædam <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> mobile <lb></lb>ſuperat duplo, & altera ſuum ipſius triplo: proportio velocitatis compoſita ſit ex ratione tripli ad <lb></lb>duplum, quæ eſt ſeſquialtera. </s> <s>Quamobrem in ſeſquialtera proportione mobile à potentia, quę tri<lb></lb>pla eſt: velocius agitabitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab ea, quæ eſt dupla. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hunc ego canonem obſeruo in imtentenda <lb></lb>comparatione proportionum, & iis multiplicandis, vt ſciam quid ex duplo, aut triplo colligatur ſta<lb></lb>tuo primùm terminos ſeorſum virtutis vnius <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan> & mobilis ipſa reſpondentis: vt A. mouentis, <lb></lb>quæ eſt 4. & B. mobilis, quod eſt 2. deindé C. mouentis, quam pono eſſe 12. ad D. mobile, quod eſt <lb></lb>4. Noto exuperantiam ſingularum proportionum: video primam eſſe duplam & ideò ſigno 2. al<lb></lb>teram triplam, quam ſigno 3. Ergo illa eſt differentia inter proportionem quattuor ad duo & pro <pb pagenum="527"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3180"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>portionem duodecim ad quattuor, quæ eſt. </s> <s>inter duo & tria: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt ſubſeſquialtera. </s> <s>Similiter ſi <lb></lb>voluero multiplicare: accipio duplum, vt octo ad duo, aut ſi triplicare accipio <expan abbr="triplũ">triplum</expan>, vt 12. ad duo, <lb></lb>ac video proportionem duplicatam efficere duplum: quod ex eo perſpicio, cùm multiplico nume<lb></lb>ros, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> proportiones notantur, inuicem. </s> <s>vt vbi eſt proportio duorum ad tria, efficio ſex: vbi quat<lb></lb>tuor ad tria, efficio duodecim, vbi ſex ad tria, efficio decem & octo. </s> <s>& ex totidem vicib. quot nume<lb></lb>rus minor in maiore continetur cum reſiduorum denominatione, ſi adſint, vt fit in diuiſionib. de cu<lb></lb>iuſlibet proportionis exuperatione & denominatione iudicium facio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hęc ego conſidero, <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> ratio mathematica patitur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſæpe in mathematicis eſt inſignis exuperatio, quæ nulla eſt apud <lb></lb>Phyſicum. </s> <s>vt 20. multa ſunt apud mathematicum, ſed apud naturalem 20. grana mihi in augendo <lb></lb>pondere nihil omnino ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non exactè ſingula expendere oportebit, & ſat erit, ſi quantum to<lb></lb>lerat ſenſus, aëre iudicium in iis ſtatuendis adhibeatur accuratione dimiſſa mathematicis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3177"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3178"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3179"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3180"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Defenditur à nonnullis obiectionibus ſententia, quam ipſi de velocitatis cauſſa <lb></lb>profitemur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VISVM eſt hactenus quemadmodum comparatio cum generatim, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſpeciatim ſit acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3181"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pienda à philoſopho naturali; & illud præcipuè conſideratum, quo pacto motus inter ſe confer<lb></lb>ri debeant, & regulę indicatæ, quibus proportio motuum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>diſpenſatur; quicquid Latini no<lb></lb>ſtri pro Ariſt. </s> <s>aut contrà dicant: nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> prætermiſſum, quod in hoc argumento dictum fuerit ani<lb></lb>maduerſione dignum ab iis qui Peripateticos ſe eſſe & dici volunt: & ſingula ſic ad calculos reuo<lb></lb>cata, quantum tamen rerum phyſicorum natura tolerat, vt omnis obſcuritas è medio ſublata fuerit: <lb></lb>& quod verè difficillimum fuerat explicata, de collatione rotundę & rectę lineæ per actum, vt nihil <lb></lb>omnino quærendum ſuperſit, quippe quae Ariſt perſecutus ſit anguſtam rationem collationis quæ ſo<lb></lb>lùm eſt eorum quæ in vltima ſpecie conueniunt, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> eam ex linearum genere ſuſtule<lb></lb>rit quæ tum <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> illos amplecteretur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad diuerſa principiorum genera pertineret, <lb></lb>veluti conſtat apertiſsimè de facultatib. actuoſis & patibilib. Attamen & his datis non deſunt, quæ <lb></lb>contra has regulas afferri ſoleant, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ita nonnullos implicitos fuiſſe perſpicimus, vt <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> quaſdam <lb></lb>repudiarint, & vitium in Ariſtotelica ſcriptura latêre ſint ſuſpicati. </s> <s>Proinde nos ſingula luſtremus, vt <lb></lb>plagas iſtas ab Ariſt. </s> <s>noſtro repellamus. </s> <s>Fac igitur ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> proportiones æſtimari, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> di<lb></lb>ximus: liquidò conſtat regulam ſecundo loco allatam, erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Si mouens mouet ali<lb></lb>quod mobile certo quodam tempore & per ſpatium deſignatum, fore vt idem moueat dimidium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3182"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mobilis eiuſdem per idem ſpatium in dimidio temporis, quod eſt duplo velocius: conſtat, inquàm, <lb></lb>hanc regulam non eſſe ſatis firmam. </s> <s>Ad hoc verò probandum accipiamus ex Geometricis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad <lb></lb>hypotheſeon intelligentiam ſtatuamus proportionem eſſe, vel æqualitatis, vel inæqualitatis; & hu<lb></lb>ius quidem maioris, vel minoris: ea proportio dicitur ęqualitatis, quę eſt duorum æqualium ad in<lb></lb>uicem habitudo, ſicuti vnius ad vnum & duorum ad duo, inæqualitatis autem duorum <expan abbr="inęqualiũ">inęqualium</expan>, <lb></lb>veluti quattuor ad duo, quæ eſt dupla, aut trium ad vnum, quæ eſt tripla. </s> <s>& hæc quidem eſt inæqua<lb></lb>litatis maioris, eorum verò, quorum illa dupla aut tripla ſunt, ſubdupla .ſ. </s> <s>aut ſubtripla ſunt inæqua<lb></lb>litatis minoris. </s> <s>Nunc, ſi fuerit quotundam extremorum inter ſe proportio maioris inæqualitatis in<lb></lb>teriecto medio, vel vno, vel plurib. quorum ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> extremorum fuerit. </s> <s>aliqua proportio ad mi<lb></lb>nus quidem maior, ad maius verò minor, exoritur proportio extremi ad extremum compoſita ex <lb></lb>proportione extremi ad medium, & mediorum, ſi plura fuerint inter ſe, & mediorum ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>: <lb></lb>vtputa, ſi quattuor termini ſumantur. 8. 4. 2. 1. proportio octo ad vnum eſt compoſita ex propor<lb></lb>tione octo ad quattuor, & quattuor ad duo, & duorum ad vnum. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi fuerit aliqua propor<lb></lb>tio ex duab. proportionib. æqualib. abſolutè compoſita, ad quanlibet iſtarum eſt dupla, <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ra<lb></lb>tione ſi ex trib. eſt tripla. </s> <s>vt in decem & octo, ſex & duob. </s> <s>nam duo ter efficiunt ſex: ter ſex efficiunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3183"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>18. Inſuper, ſi fuerit aliqua proportio compoſita ex plurib. proportionib. inæqualibus ad minorem <lb></lb>obtinet maiorem proportionem, ad maiorem verò minorem. </s> <s>Quamobrem cùm proportio octo ad <lb></lb>duo componatur ex proportione octo ad ſex & ex proportione ſex ad duo: proportio verò octo ad <lb></lb>ſex ſit minor, vtpote ſeſquitertia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſex ad duo, quæ eſt tripla: proportio octo ad duo eſt maior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> du<lb></lb>pla ad <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> octo ad ſex, & minor, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad proportionem ſex ad duo. </s> <s>His ita poſitis obij<lb></lb>citur Ariſt. </s> <s>Si A potentia motrix mouet B. mobile, non oportet ipſam mouere dimidium eius abſo<lb></lb>lutè duplo velocius. </s> <s>Nam ſit A vt ſex & B vt quattuor & C dimidium ſit duo. </s> <s>Ergo ex priore hy<lb></lb>potheſi proportio A ad C compoſita eſt ex proportione A ad B & B ad C. Sed ex proportione mi<lb></lb>nori A ad B <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> B ad C. idcirco ſequitur ex hypotheſi 3. proportionem A ad C eſſe maiorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="duplã">duplam</expan> <lb></lb>A ad B. & minorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duplam B ad C. Cùm igitur velocitatum proportio ſit quemadmodum ratio <lb></lb>proportionum: velocitas ergo, qua A mouet C, eſt maior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad velocitatem, qua a mouet B. <lb></lb><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item ſatis firma eſt regula 7. qua conſtituitur pares eſſe vires compoſitorum tùm ex mouenti<lb></lb>bus, tum etiam ex reſiſtentibus iis, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> componuntur. </s> <s>Nam fingat hoc loco aliquis eſſe compoſi<lb></lb>tas grauitatem & leuitatem, quarum certa fit virtus: non ideo ſequitur, quae æqua velocitate moueant <lb></lb>ea quę componuntur ex ipſis, immo ſe viciſsim impedient. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secũdò">Secundò</expan> ſint A & B duæ portiones ignis <pb pagenum="528"></pb>æquales, & in aëre aſcendant ęquè velociter, eędem poſtmodò coniungantur: quandò maius corpus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3184"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minore ſecundùm naturam cietur velocius; ergo & coniunctæ illæ portiones ignis velocius <expan abbr="agẽtur">agentur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primæ illi obiectioni maximè attributum fuiſſe intelligo, vtpote quæ indiſſolubilis ex iſtimata fue<lb></lb>rit. </s> <s>Mihi verò videtur in ea pſeudographus eſſe commiſſus, & continere fallaciam ex figura dictio<lb></lb>nis: Etenim eſto quae in numeris abſolutè, & mathematicè ſumptis proportio A ad C ſit compoſita ex <lb></lb>proportione A ad B, & B ad C. & ita efficiatur, vt voluit opponens: at ratio variatur in materia: <lb></lb>quippe quae proportio A ad B ex proportio mouentis ad mobile; proportio verò B ad C eſt propor<lb></lb>tio mobilis ad mobile, & ex proportione mobilis ad mobile infertur proportio mouentis ad mobi<lb></lb>le: debuit autem inferri ex proportione alterius virtutis, aut alterius habitudinis ad alterum mobile <lb></lb>hoc pacto. </s> <s>Si A mouet B & C. eſt dimidium B. quae A mouet B duplo minore velocitate <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> C. quae ad B. <lb></lb>habet proportionem, vtputa, duplam, ad C. verò quadruplam. </s> <s>& ita Ariſt. </s> <s>regula conſeruatur: <expan abbr="cùm-q́ue">cùm<lb></lb>que</expan> proportio à mouente ad mobile transferatur, erit ergo pſeudographus & fallacia ex figura di<lb></lb>ctionis. </s> <s>Secunda ſic tollitur. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> grauitas cum leuitate componitur, ea ſumuntur, quæ ſunt diuer<lb></lb>ſę rationis; at Ariſt. </s> <s>in regula ſumit, &, quæ ſunt vniuſmodi, vt æquę reſiſtant impellenti ad certum <lb></lb>quendam locum. </s> <s>Magnę verò deliberationis eſt, quæ ratio nob. </s> <s>ineunda ſit tollendi tertiam dubi<lb></lb>tationem. </s> <s>Nam ſiue accipiamus motus naturales, ſeu præter naturam, & in illis natura efficacius <lb></lb>operatur; & in his collecta plus habent virium ad reſiſtendum, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>velocius collecta mouebun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3185"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur ſecundùm naturam, quàm ſeparata, tardius autem illa quæ præter naturam mouebuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>ſatis placet quod in medio attulit Achillinus, qui vel confugit ad medium, vel ad figuras mobilium. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Namq.">Namque</expan> vbi ait medio id eſſe tribuendum in propoſito noſtro, quia magis reſiſtit duob. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vni, non <lb></lb>videt id etiam valere, ſi maius corpus accipiatur, & tamen agitur velocius <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam, quod <lb></lb>maius eſt. </s> <s>Figuræ verò ſunt accidentia, quorum in hoc loco nulla ratio habenda eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> audebo di<lb></lb>cere, in illa obiectione ſimpliciter acceptum fuiſſe; quod cum conditione ac lege, ſumendum fuit: ha<lb></lb>betur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola ratio mobilium, & reſiſtentię vires ſeorſum expenduntur: at oportuit item habere ra<lb></lb>tionem mouentium: nam ſicut in reſiſtendo & patiendo plus poſſunt, vbi collecta fuerint; ſic & mo<lb></lb>uentia collecta plus poſſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſegregata. </s> <s>Proinde ex ea compoſitione, cùm pro rata portione vires <lb></lb>& mouentis & mobilis, illius quidem agendo, huius autem <expan abbr="reſiſtẽdo">reſiſtendo</expan> creſcant, efficitur, vt paritas ve<lb></lb>locitatis conſeruetur. </s> <s>At hoc, inquies, locum non habet in motu naturali; quia creſcunt vires & ſine <lb></lb>dubio reſiſtentia minuitur: Adde etiam in motu præter naturam, quia maior conatus adhibendus <lb></lb>eſt in principio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in progreſſu; eius euenti certa eſt cauſſa, quae manens habet vim oppoſiti ad id quod <lb></lb>mouetur: cùm igitur ab initio ſit abſolutè manens, & quaſi ſummè contrarium, minus afficitur. </s> <s>Cæ<lb></lb>terùm nos iam rem in motu ſpectamus. </s> <s>Sed illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> credimus in regulis Ariſt. </s> <s>obſeruandum, vt. </s> <s>vir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3186"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tutis mouentis & reſiſtentiæ ſola ratio habeatur, ac ſtatuatur <expan abbr="vtrorumq.">vtrorumque</expan> vires ex æquo conſeruari; <lb></lb>& motus eius ſuſceptam fuiſſe conſiderationem, qui manifeſtè ſit ab alio: quae in eo maiorem euiden<lb></lb>tiam regulæ inſtitutæ obtinerent. </s> <s><expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> tamen valere poſita virium mouentium, <expan abbr="reſiſten-tiumq́">reſiſten<lb></lb>tiumque</expan>. </s> <s>paritate. </s> <s>Qua propter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cùm olim oppoſitum eſt contra <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> regulam Socratem non la<lb></lb>turum aliquod pondus per duplum ſpatium: peceatum eſt, quae in proceſſu motus vires non conſer<lb></lb>uantur, ſecunda autem obiectio ſumebat exuperantiam <expan abbr="proportionũ">proportionum</expan> more Arithmetico, cuius nul<lb></lb>lus omnino eſt vſus, in præſente negotio quae ſi more noſtro accipiatur, iam resipſa conſtat. </s> <s>Nam ſit <lb></lb>proportio A ad B. dupla, & moueat A ipſum B per vnum ſtadium hora vna: accipiatur dimidium <lb></lb>B, quod eſt C. cùm proportio A ad B ſit duo; ad C verò quattuor: quoniam quattuor ad duo ſunt in <lb></lb>dupla proportione, liquet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> A moturum eſſe C vel duplo velocius, vel per interuallum duplo ma<lb></lb>ius. </s> <s>Hac ergo via defendi poſſe arbitror regulas ab Ariſtotele 7. Phyſ. traditas, Nunc, ſiquæ aliæ re<lb></lb>ſtant mox aduertentur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3181"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3182"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3183"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3184"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3185"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3186"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinantur alię regulæ quas aut contra Aristotelem, aut ex Aristotele ipſo Latini <lb></lb>statuerunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3187"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3187"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VARII modi quibus Latini proportionum rationes ſtatuerunt, in cauſſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fuere, vt multas <lb></lb>regulas, proponerent quarum ope de <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> velocitate iudicium ferre poſſemus. </s> <s>Eas, quae fal<lb></lb>lacibus fundamentis innituntur; <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> falſas eſſe contingit, ac ſi quę ſint veræ, ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> per acci<lb></lb>dens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ne generatim repudiemus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, néue indiſcriminatim accipiamus, & aliquam rationem <lb></lb>afferre valeamus, qua conſilium <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> probetur; vtile <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fore putauimus illas hoc loco recenſere, & <lb></lb>ſingularum vitia detegere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> Albertus Saxon mathematicè proportionem ſumens, vt ſuprà de<lb></lb>clarauimus, has item ad Ariſtotelicas adiunxit, In primis. </s> <s>Si A potentia mouet B mobile, non eſſe <lb></lb>neceſſarium, quae A ſi duplicetur, moueat <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> mobile duplo velocius: videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſic diſtinxiſſe hanc <lb></lb>regulam. </s> <s>Vbi mouens A non habuerit <expan abbr="duplã">duplam</expan> <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> ad B mobile, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> euenire, vt duplo ve<lb></lb>locius moueat; ſolùm verò duplo velocius mouere poſſe, ſi mouens habeat ad mobile duplam pro<lb></lb>portionem, aut, ſi generaliorem <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> poſcis, vbi ſit æqualis exuperantia terminorum; vel dupla <lb></lb>ſit, vel tripla, vel quadrupla in immenſum. </s> <s>Cauſſa talis afferebatur ab eo viro. </s> <s>Sit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> A, mouens vt <lb></lb>4. & B mobile vt tria, & A dupliciter, ac fiat 8. quia proportio octo ad tria <expan abbr="cõponitur">componitur</expan> ex proportione </s></p> <pb pagenum="529"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3188"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>8. ad 4. vt maiori & 4. ad 3. vt minori. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> proportio 8. ad 3. maior eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad proportionem <lb></lb>quattuor ad 3. Nam ſi fuerit aliqua proportio <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ex duabus proportionibus inęqualibus, ſupra <lb></lb><expan abbr="minorẽ">minorem</expan> obtinet maiorem proportionem, ſupra maiorem verò minorem. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> proportio octo <lb></lb>ad quattuor ſit maior <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quattuor ad tria: ergo proportio octo ad tria eſt maior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad propor<lb></lb>tionem quattuor ad tria. </s> <s>Verùm ſi fuerit proportio mouentis ad mobile in dupla proportione, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>virtus illa, ſi ingeminetur, duplo velocius mouebit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi proportio <expan abbr="cõponatur">componatur</expan> ex duabus pro<lb></lb>portionibus æqualibus proportio ad eas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> proportiones, ex quibus <expan abbr="cõponitur">componitur</expan>, eſt abſolutè ſimi<lb></lb>lis, vt dupla, tripla, aut quadrupla. </s> <s>Vides <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolius quantitatis haberi <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> nullam virtutis; nec<lb></lb>non iis obſeruatis quæ nos anteà tradidimus, cognoſces ita euenire, quæ volumus. </s> <s>Etenim ſi propor<lb></lb>tio duplicetur, quemadmodum accepit iſte auctor, ſemper efficiet motum duplo velociore. </s> <s>Sit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>A mouens vt 4. & B mobile vt tria. </s> <s>quod facit proportionem ſeſquitertiam: duplicentur 4. & fiant <lb></lb>8. hæc ad tria ſunt in proportione dupla ſuperbipartiente tertias. </s> <s>Et in ea, in qua dupla proportio <lb></lb>ſumitur, id per accidens euenit, ſi ita ſupputemus, vt homo ille: nobis item res pari ratione ſuccedet <lb></lb>copulando <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> proportiones cum ſuis reſiſtentiis, vt olim docuimus. </s> <s>Eodem vitio laborant <lb></lb>& illę regulę. </s> <s>Si fuerit potentia motoris in proportione maiore, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad ſuum mobile, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> po<lb></lb>tentia mouet dimidium mobilis minus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duplo velocius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo, ſi potentia duplice<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3189"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, mouebit minus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duplo velocius. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> regulæ fundamenta: quandoquidem. </s> <s><expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan> <lb></lb>A potentia mouens vt ſex, & B mobile vt duo. </s> <s>C. dimidium vt vnum. </s> <s>quia proportio a ad C com<lb></lb>ponitur ex proportione A ad B, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex parte maiori, & B ad C, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex parte minori. </s> <s>ergo eadem <lb></lb>proportio minus eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad proportionem A ad B. Alterum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> facile demonſtratur. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſit A potentia, vt 6. & B mobile vt 2. duplicetur potentia C & fiat 12. Cùm proportio C ad B ſit <lb></lb>compoſita ex proportione A ad B, vt ex parte maiore, <expan abbr="nẽpè">nempè</expan> tripla, & ex proportione C. ad A vt ex par<lb></lb>te minore, quia dupla proportio C ad B. maior eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad proportionem C ad A, & minor eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad proportionem A ad B. Cęterùm & hîc ſi nobiſcum progrediaris, rem perpetuò <expan abbr="cõſtare">conſtare</expan> <lb></lb>perſpicies. </s> <s>Nam ſex ad duo ſe habet vt tria ad vnum; ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> verò ſe habet vt ſex: at ſex eſt <expan abbr="duplũ">duplum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Similiter ſex ad duo eſt in tripla proportione 12. ad duo in ſexcupla; ergo duplo plus. </s> <s>Ex eodem <lb></lb>errore & illa pullulant. </s> <s>Si fuerit minor proportio mouentis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla; mouebit dimidium mobilis <lb></lb>plus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duplo velocius. </s> <s>& eodem propè modo. </s> <s>Si ingeminetur ea virtus, ocyus mouebit plus quàm <lb></lb>duplo. </s> <s>Prioris hæc cauſſa erat, quia ſit A potentia mouens vt 6. & mobile ipſi reſpondens vt 4. & <lb></lb>C. dimidium mobilis ſit duo: tum proportio A. ad C maior eſt ex hypotheſi tertia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duplo pro<lb></lb>portione A ad B. & planè non diſsimili ratione, ſi ponamus A mouens vt 4. B mobile, vt 3. & poten<lb></lb>tia duplicata fiat octo; cùm ſit maior proportio octo ad quattuor quippe dupla, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quattuor ad tria, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3190"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ eſt ſeſquitertia. </s> <s>ergo ex antedictis proportio C duplicatæ potentiæ maior erit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad pro<lb></lb>portionem A ad B. Sed & hoc loco noſtra ratione inſiſtentibus apparebit, vt debita proportio con<lb></lb>ſeruetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> 6. ad quattuor eſt in ſeſquialtera, ad duo eſt tripla: nunc tripla eſt dupla ſeſquial<lb></lb>teræ. </s> <s>Similiter ſi potentia duplicetur & accipiantur 4. & 8. vt potentiæ & mobile vt tria; cùm quat<lb></lb>tuor ad tria ſit in ſeſquitertia octo ad tria duplum erit: quoniam erit vt ſuperbipartiens tertias. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuerò ad modum vereor, ne tertia illa hypotheſis, cui plurimum confidunt ſit vniuerſa<lb></lb>lis, & neceſſaria. </s> <s>ſiquidem in ea proportione, quam vltimò accipiunt, non eſt maior proportio C ad <lb></lb>B. <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dupla ad proportionem A ad B. <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item proportio A. 6. ad C. 2. maior eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duplo propor<lb></lb>tione ſex ad 4. cùm ſit triplæ ad ſeſquialteram. </s> <s>Proinde has regulas <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> reiicimus & Ariſtotelicas <lb></lb>approbamus. </s> <s>Illam planè recipimus. </s> <s>Si A mouet C aliqua velocitate, & B mouet D. velocitate ma<lb></lb>iore, à duobus mouentibus A & B effici motum, cuius velocitas quædam ſit media, quæ non adæ<lb></lb>quet velocitatem, quæ naſcitur à B. ſuperet autem velocitatem, quæ proficiſcitur ab A. vt ſi A mo<lb></lb>ueat C in ea velocitate quæ eſt, vt octo ad 2. & B moueat D in ea, quę eſt vt 6. ad 3. quod conſtat <lb></lb>ex AB ad id quod <expan abbr="cõponitur">componitur</expan> ex CD, cùm ſe habeat vt 14. ad 5. erit in proportione dupla ſuperpar<lb></lb>tiente 4. quintas, quæ ſanè minor erit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> octo ad duo, quæ eſt quadrupla & quattuor quintis maior, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3191"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quàm dupla. </s> <s>Non obſtat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod ſibi ipſi obiicit Achillinus. </s> <s>Sit A potentiæ, vt ſex, & reſiſten<lb></lb>tiæ vt duo, & B potentiæ vt ſex, & reſiſtentiæ vt tria: accedat autem <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, quod ſit vt vnum. </s> <s>cùm <lb></lb>A moueat in dupla proportione & B in proportione ſeſquialtera: tamen A & B collecta <expan abbr="mouebũt">mouebunt</expan> <lb></lb>ita velociter, vt A mouebat B. nimirùm in proportione dupla, quia potentiæ mouentes ſunt vt 12. <lb></lb>reſiſtentes 6. quae quinque efficiunt reſiſtentiam, cui ſi accedat medium vt vnum: ſex erit, quod reſi<lb></lb>ſtentiæ locum occupabit. </s> <s>eſt verò proportio dupla. </s> <s>proptereà conſequetur, vt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> velocitate mo<lb></lb>ueat quod maius eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod minus. </s> <s>Optimè vir ille magni iudicij, quoniam medium bis nume<lb></lb>rare oportet, ſemel .ſ. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> collatione. </s> <s>Nos facilius ſupputamus, addentes medium reſiſtentię, <lb></lb>ſic facimus priorem <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan> vt quattuor, & eſt inde proportio ſeſquialtera, & alteram vt tria, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ita eſt proportio dupla: compoſitæ efficiunt ſuperpartientem quinque ſeptimas. </s> <s>cùm ſit vt 12. ad 7. <lb></lb>Hæc generaliter de regulis Ariſtotelicis dicta ſufficiant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ea quæ de cremento motuum diffor<lb></lb>mi ſolent apponi, etiam ſupradictis regulis ſubiici facillimè dederim: dum modò nos in cancellis na<lb></lb>turæ contineamus, & <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> motus ad iudicium ſenſus accommodemus, & infinitum in eo po<lb></lb>namus, quemadmodum monſtrauit Ariſt. 6. Phyſ. poteſtate non actu, ac <expan abbr="diuidẽdo">diuidendo</expan> retineamus exu <pb pagenum="530"></pb>perantiam talem ad mobile, quę ſit inſignis, & motum queat efficere; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab omni <expan abbr="exuperãtia">exuperantia</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3192"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>producitur motus: nam ſi mille vini cadis vnam, aut duas ad <expan abbr="sũmum">summum</expan> guttas adieceris, nihilo plus <lb></lb>trutinam inclinabunt, ac ſi nihil acceſſerit. </s> <s>Etenim quæuis exuperantia ſiue imminutio vel ex parte <lb></lb>virtutis, vel ex parte reſiſtentiæ cum adiuuantibus accipitur, & illis certo termino impoſito <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> duci<lb></lb>tur, vt ſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> difforme ponatur, cùm eius latitudo ſit ab vno ad octo (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in pręſentia fingamus) <lb></lb>ſiquando peruenerit ad duo: tunc vnum additur reſiſtentię, & minuitur proportio potentiæ mouen<lb></lb>tis ad mobile, quia ſi prius ſe habuerat vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> ad 3. quæ eſt proportio <expan abbr="ſuperbipartiẽs">ſuperbipartiens</expan> tertias; mox <lb></lb>ſe habeat vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> ad quattuor, quæ eſt proportio ſeſquiquarta, quæ ſuperatur ab altera 5. duode<lb></lb>cimis. </s> <s>Sic etiam ſi in progreſſu quidquam opis extrinſecùs adiungatur ad virtutem, veluti in proie<lb></lb>ctorum motu conſtituimus; id <expan abbr="determinatũ">determinatum</expan> ſtatuetur, & cum virtute numerabitur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> maior erit <lb></lb>proportio virtutis ad <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan> mobilis. </s> <s>Differentiæ verò cum virtutis mouentis, tum etiam reſiſten<lb></lb>tiæ ſenſiles perpetuò ponentur. </s> <s>Eadem ratio conſeruanda erit in exquirenda velocitate auctionis & <lb></lb>alterationis, &, ſi quo pacto temporis eſt obnoxia generatio, ſiue per ſe, vt nos ipſi decreuimus, ſeu <lb></lb>per accidens, & alterationis adnexæ beneficio, vt alij ferunt, nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> refert, <expan abbr="dũmodo">dummodo</expan> ea in his col<lb></lb>lationibus accipiantur quæ per ſe concurrunt; illa repudientur quæ inſunt per accidens. </s> <s>Nam ver<lb></lb>bigratia, certi ſunt termini qualitatis & formæ quos vltra citraúe conſiſtere non poteſt: hîc neque <lb></lb>duplum virtutis duplo plus alterabit, ſed aut molietur interitum, aut de tempore ſolo immutabit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3193"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nec quidquam fortè dimidium faciet, quando non ſuperabit adeò reſiſtentiam, vt afferat aliquod <lb></lb>momentum. </s> <s>Neque illa obſtant, quae ſi agens & patiens ſummè contraria ponantur, infinita veloci<lb></lb>tas in alteratione futura ſit: quoniam qualitas reſiſtens ad non gradum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> deducitur, nec tamen <lb></lb>qualitas infinita generatur. </s> <s>Tum etiam quae ſi ponatur A <expan abbr="alterãs">alterans</expan> vt octo in proportione dupla ad B re<lb></lb>ſiſtentiam, & C. 6. in eadem proportione ad reſiſtentiam D. in tempore æquali ſibi aſsimilabunt ea <lb></lb>quæ patiuntur. </s> <s>A quidem quattuor gradus inducens; C verò ſex, ſiquidem æquè dominantur: at<lb></lb>tamen alteratio non procedit æqualiter, cùm à maiore virtute efficiatur vt octo, à minore verò vt ſex. <lb></lb></s> <s>proptereaque ad illud primum ita dicam: tametſi à ſummo ad <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens deducitur, interualla quę per <lb></lb>motum <expan abbr="cõparantur">comparantur</expan>, & ſenſui ſubiacent, ſunt finita; non ſecus àc facta eſſe in motu quæ ſanè infini<lb></lb>tatem habent in potentia, ſunt verò actu finita: quapropter etiam finita velocitas, & qualitas item <lb></lb>quæ producitur, eſt finita, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad alterum reſpondebo, primùm aſsimilationem eſſe conſequens; eſt <lb></lb>enim relatio quæ comitatur qualitati, quæ ſanè in <expan abbr="cõparatione">comparatione</expan> <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> non reſpicitur, ſed vna qua<lb></lb>litate ſpectata, dico ſicut in latione conſideratur ſpatium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem vel æquali, vel inæquali <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>à diuerſis exuperantiis abſoluitur, aut eodem <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> conſtituto ſpatium variatur: ſic in collatione <lb></lb>propoſita ſpatium ſumitur. </s> <s>etenim latitudo in alteratione reſpondet ſpatio per quod res ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3194"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locum mouetur; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>idem non eſt, cùm vnius ſit vt quattuor, alterius vt tria: quamobrem reſtat, <lb></lb>vt eodem <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> conſeruato quod eſt duplum, efficiat duplum: ſic octo agens in quattuor efficiet du<lb></lb>plum, & ſex agens in tria conſimiliter, & hoc modo proportio permanebit. </s> <s>Eadem quoque valere <lb></lb>dicimus in incrementum poſito eius termino certa forma naturali (quanquam omnes iſtæ regulæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="accipiũt">accipiunt</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan> quam præſtat <expan abbr="producẽdo">producendo</expan> natura) <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa facilè <expan abbr="tollunt̃">tolluntur</expan> quæ ſolent opponi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm effici, ne vniformiter quicquam augeri poſſet, quia cùm ſit certus incrementi terminus, & <lb></lb>certa quantitas; cùm ibi ſit infinitè parua pars: ergo infinitè velociter excreuiſſet, & tamen <expan abbr="incre-mẽtum">incre<lb></lb>mentum</expan> eſſet finitum. </s> <s>Deinde quoniam pedale magno, aut paruo accedens mirum in modum pro<lb></lb>portiones immutat, <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> proportionem faciens in paruo, & contrà paruam in magno. </s> <s>ſiquidem <lb></lb>ad primum reſpondeo infinitè paruum non eſſe, niſi in potentia; quare nec velocitas infinitè creſcit, <lb></lb>quæ terminos in actu poſcit. </s> <s>Et ſecundùm ſic diluo, quae omne id quod accipitur ab eorum propor<lb></lb>tione quæ acceſſerunt ad id cui facta eſt acceſsio, extrinſecum eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſpectatur in noſtris regulis. <lb></lb></s> <s>illius proportionis ratio duntaxat habetur quæ fundatur partibus quæ accedunt, vt bicubitum in <lb></lb>tanto tempore accedet huic quanto, & hæc virtus in hoc tempore addet bicubitum, cuius <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> <lb></lb>in eodem tempore vnum cubitum duntaxat apponebat. </s> <s>ſic æqualiter, aut inæqualiter ex eo quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3195"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>apponetur, de incrementi proportione iudicium fiet. </s> <s>Hæc de <expan abbr="proportionũ">proportionum</expan> cauſsis eſt noſtra <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3188"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3189"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3190"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3191"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3192"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3193"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3194"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3195"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vnde velocitas motus in ſpatio iudicetur, & ex quo potentię <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> impotentię termini <lb></lb>conſtituendi ſint. </s> <s>Caput L<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS expoſitæ cauſſæ velocitatis in motu, & quæ'nam velociorem ipſum efficiant, <lb></lb>& vnde exuperantia <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à cauſſa petenda, reſtat nunc vt regulę tradantur, quibus in ſpatio <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> vnum altero celerius per actum fuiſſe cognoſcamus, & alia ſubſcribamus quæ huius ordinis <lb></lb>eſſe cenſentur. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſpatium <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> à corpore oppletum ſit; cùm etiam ſpatium ſit locus in poten<lb></lb>tia; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>vt terminus corporis <expan abbr="ambiẽtis">ambientis</expan>, & ſuperficies; etiam linea deſignetur quæ terminis mo<lb></lb>tus includitur & cohibetur: profectò ſpatium non eſſe corpus, aut <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> tres dimenſiones ſatis <lb></lb>oſtenſum eſt lib. 4. Tum etiam probari poteſt hoc, quae dimidium non moueretur ita velociter ſicut <lb></lb>totum, quia tantæ magnitudinis non eſſet <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> quod deſcriberetur à dimidio, quantæ eſt ſpatium, <lb></lb>quod deſcribitur à toto. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratio valet ad oſtendendum neque ſuperficie <expan abbr="celeritatẽ">celeritatem</expan> mo <pb pagenum="531"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3196"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus terminari: quamobrem ſupereſt, vt linea terminetur, & cùm de motu recto verba nunc facia<lb></lb>mus, ſtatuemus lineam rectam. </s> <s>Porrò cùm in linea duo conſiderari queant, extentio nimirùm, & <lb></lb>termini; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex extentione ſola, neque ex vnis terminis <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de celeritate motus fieri poteſt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>motus & locus <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> conſiſtunt. </s> <s>Ergo in hac collatione <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ſumi oportet. </s> <s>Igitur aut ex toto <lb></lb>ſpatio quod certis terminis continetur, velocitas motus iudicabitur, aut ex ſpatij parte. </s> <s>Non vide<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> peti iudicium à toto ſpatio. </s> <s>Nam, ſi duo ſint corpora inæqualia longitudinis inæqualis, & <lb></lb>ab alteris extremis ſint in eodem termino à quo, & debeant in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> tempore peruenire ad eundem <lb></lb>terminum ad quem per idem <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>, non dubium eſt, quin maius <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> à minore corpore perme<lb></lb>tiendum ſit: ergo velocius mouebitur. </s> <s>Etenim velocius illud eſſe conſtat, quod <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſpatium in mi<lb></lb>nore <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, aut quod in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> tempore maius ſpatium conficit. </s> <s>Ob id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex parte ſpatij velo<lb></lb>citas iudicanda; poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe idem <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> quod tardius, aut velocius à mobili peragretur. </s> <s>Supereſt <lb></lb>igitur, vt ex aliquo <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan>, quod eſt in mobili per certum <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> nota velocitatis accipiatur, aut hoc <lb></lb>punctum <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſt, aut non extremum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel quodlibet, vel medium. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè quodlibet: <lb></lb>quandò fieri poſſet, vt eodem tenore motus, conſeruato idem mobile, velocius moueretur, vt ſi in <lb></lb>magnitudine ABC. punctum B ſumeretur vicinius puncto C. quàm A. & A punctum attingeret <lb></lb>terminum ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, quia magis diſtaret à termino ad quem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi mobile attingeret eundem <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3197"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à puncto C, tardius expeditus fuiſſet motus, ſi A reſpiceret terminum ad quem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi eundem reſpi<lb></lb>ceret C. quod eſt abſurdum. </s> <s>De medio dubitari potuit, ſiquidem non videatur factus fuiſſe <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan> <lb></lb>corporis, niſi eius <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> mutet locum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> 1. de Ortu, extentio corporis, & amplificatio ad <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <lb></lb>loci differentias in motibus non numerantur, quia permanet idem centrum. </s> <s>Quapropter aliqui ex <lb></lb>centro iudicium de motu faciendum eſſe putant, quemadmodum verò <expan abbr="cẽtrum">centrum</expan> accipiendum ſit in <lb></lb>grauibus (etenim leuia fugiunt ſenſus) mathematici ipſi docent, dum corpus mobile liberè <expan abbr="ſuſpẽ-di">ſuſpen<lb></lb>di</expan> iubent, & à ſuſpenſionis ſigno filum cum perpendiculo dimitti, <expan abbr="notariq́">notarique</expan>. </s> <s>linea quam <expan abbr="filũ">filum</expan> in cor<lb></lb>pore deſignat: deinde rurſus ex alio puncto ſuſpendi idem corpus, à quo rurſus filum cum perpen<lb></lb>diculo dimittatur, notata item linea fili in eodem corpore. </s> <s>Cùm igitur <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> pendeat <lb></lb>corpus, in illa linea quæ ad centrum mundi vergit centrum grauitatis reperiatur; neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> <lb></lb>grauitatis per <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> tranſeat: quamobrem punctum corporis in quo inter ſe ſecant duæ illæ perpen<lb></lb>diculares, centrum grauitatis oſtendet. </s> <s>At mihi certè <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> arridet hoc placitum, quia neſcio vide<lb></lb>re, quemadmodum mobile magnum non ſerius <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſeruata proportione moueatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> paruum. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ſit A mouens ad B mobile magnum, ſicut C mouens ad D. mobile paruum: ergo æquali, <lb></lb>velocitate mouebuntur. </s> <s>At id fieri nequit: eò quae magis diſtabit medium corporis magni à termino <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3198"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad quem. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> medium corporis parui. </s> <s>ergo tardius in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> proportione mouebitur corpus magnum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fortaſſe <expan abbr="dicẽt">dicent</expan> ita iudicium fieri de terminis motus & medio, quae in loco ſuo dicatur eſſe <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> cor<lb></lb>pus, vbi ſecundùm eius <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ſit in loco, & tum æquè velociter abſolutum motum fuiſſe prædi<lb></lb>cabunt, vbi <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> centra ſint in eodem termino. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc mihi placet, ſiquidem vbi ſint <lb></lb>æquę terræ portiones ab eadem virtute motę, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad centrum peruenerint, quo pacto in <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> qui <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> locus naturalis ſecundùm <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> conſiſtere poterunt, quin motæ fuerint vltra centrum, & <lb></lb>alteram partem ſemidiametri peragrarint, atque ita præter naturam concitentur? </s> <s>Neque ratio par <lb></lb>eſt in conſtituendo motu & terminis decernendis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſto quae non ſit motus, niſi centrum fuerit <lb></lb>immutatum: non idcirco centrum eſt, ex quo ſumitur iudicium terminorum motus. </s> <s>Proptereà <lb></lb>credo ex extremo quod vicinius eſt termino ad quem, iudicium velocitatis fieri poſſe: quandò ter<lb></lb>minus extremo reſpondet, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>cum altero extremo melius congruit, & illud prætereà, per quod <lb></lb>eſt in loco, locum adæquare debet, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in loco <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> accepto ſuperficies eſt id per quod eſt <lb></lb>in loco & locus itidem eſt ſuperficies. </s> <s>ſic & in hypotheſi noſtra cenſendum eſt, <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſſe in loco <lb></lb>primo. </s> <s>ſic etiam ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> extremo rationem petendam puto termini à quo oppoſiti. </s> <s>Ex quibus ap<lb></lb>paret, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> corpus, ſiue <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> ſit, ſeu paruum, æquè velociter moueri poſsit per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſpa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3199"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tium ab exuperantia proportionali. </s> <s>Eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modo <expan abbr="cõuerſione">conuerſione</expan> per lineam deſcripta ab extre<lb></lb>mis partis in toto deſignatæ, quæ propinquiora ſunt termino ad quem, puto accipi collationem velo<lb></lb>citatis & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> via cognoſci, vt hæ partes, alias velocitate ſuperent punctis à quo & ad quem ſuper <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> diametris à centro ad <expan abbr="circunferentiã">circunferentiam</expan> inuſtis & notatis, quibus cum extrema quæ termino ad <lb></lb>quem viciniora ſunt, conueniunt, & cùm in corpore globoſo partes quæ diſtant à maximo circulo <lb></lb>aretioribus terminis <expan abbr="cõprehendantur">comprehendantur</expan>; ideò tardius aguntur. </s> <s>Ita igitur vt ex effectu iudicium de ve<lb></lb>locitate faciemus. </s> <s>At verò & <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ordinis eſſe videtur noſſe potentiarum terminos. </s> <s>Nam ſi earum <lb></lb>terminos ignoremus, efficietur <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan>, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam de <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> exuperatione quicquam certi valea<lb></lb>mus afferre, præſertim quae de ipſorum iudicio <expan abbr="cõpluribus">compluribus</expan> Latinę philoſophiæ patronis non conuenit <lb></lb>cum Ariſt. </s> <s>cuius hæc videtur extitiſſe ſententia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> cùm ſit duplex, actuoſa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> patibilis, <lb></lb>& actuoſa, vel ratione prædita, vel expers eiuſdem, ea dimiſſa, quæ prędita eſt ratione, perſequitur <lb></lb>ratione <expan abbr="vacãtem">vacantem</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actuoſam primùm, deinde patibilem, quibus cum impotentia repugnet; <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>verò ſit diſciplina pugnantium, ſimul impotentiam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pertractat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> De actuoſa igitur poteſtate <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3200"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc eſt <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> philoſophi: <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſemper agere <expan abbr="sũmũ">summum</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, niſi fuerit impedita: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>calefacit ignis, quantum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, tum deinde <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> determinari maximo quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, impotentiam verò illi <pb pagenum="532"></pb>oppoſitam minimo quod non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim ſiue ſpectamus <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> motricem, qua mouet animal <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3201"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeipſum, ſiue <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan>, qua mouet aliud à ſe: in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> duo <expan abbr="cõſiderantur">conſiderantur</expan>, & <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> durationis, & <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> per <lb></lb>quod fit motio, & in <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> determinatur <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> maximo. </s> <s>vtputa, <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> animalis ad ſe <expan abbr="mouendũ">mouendum</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> poſſunt eſſe ſtadia CC. nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> amplius. </s> <s>Ergo CC. ſtadia ſunt terminus eius <expan abbr="potẽtiæ">potentiæ</expan>, quae <lb></lb>ſuprà nihil <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> infra verò <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quantunlibet: ſic <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> homo ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> viuere annos 70. hic erit eius <lb></lb>potentiæ terminus, eò quae <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> citra hunc <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nihil vltrà. </s> <s>& potentia vectrix <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> C. lib. & prę<lb></lb>tereà nihil, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> verò infra libras C. C igitur libræ <expan abbr="erũt">erunt</expan> terminus potentiæ vectricis. </s> <s>Contrà verò de <lb></lb>impotentia <expan abbr="ſtatuendũ">ſtatuendum</expan> eſt, ſiue <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea ſit mouendi, ſeu vehendi, terminatur minimo quod non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, id <lb></lb>quod ex <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> exemplis conſpicuum fiet. </s> <s>Nam ſi poſſet animal ſeipſum mouere per ſtadia CC. nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> amplius, illud <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> primum, quod excedit ſtadiis CC. eſt impotentiæ terminus, quae nihil <lb></lb>vltra illa <expan abbr="impotẽtia">impotentia</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="quęcũque">quęcunque</expan>, & <expan abbr="quotcunq.">quotcunque</expan> illa fuerint: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>de pondere, & <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de poteſtate patibili ſecus <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="opinandũ">opinandum</expan>, ſiquidem præſtantiſsimus ille ſit ſen<lb></lb>ſus, qui <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> percipit, ita vt eo nil minus percipere queat. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> verò ſupra ipſum. </s> <s>Nam qui cer<lb></lb>nit <expan abbr="montẽ">montem</expan>, ſuprà ipſum <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quidem perſpicere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> tamen quę ſunt infra illum; verbig. </s> <s>non <lb></lb>videbit <expan abbr="granũ">granum</expan> fici: proptereà non maximo determinatur potentia patibilis, ſed minimo. </s> <s>Quocirca <lb></lb>Plato <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dicebat <foreign lang="grc">ἀντι πεπονθότως ἔχειν τάς αἰσθήσεις πρὸς τὰς δυναμεις</foreign> .i. </s> <s>contrà affectos eſſe ſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3202"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3203"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> facultates. </s> <s>Sed cùm in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> potentia quædam <expan abbr="exuperãtia">exuperantia</expan> notari videatur; noſſe oportet <expan abbr="exu-perantiã">exu<lb></lb>perantiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> accipi ſimpliciter à magnitudine, ſed eſſe <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan>, vel obiectæ rei, vel facultatis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> à re <lb></lb>obiecta ſumi <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan> actuoſę virtutis, facultate verò ipſa fundari <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan> patibilis; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <lb></lb>illa fuerit <expan abbr="pręſtãtiſsima">pręſtantiſsima</expan> poteſtas quæ facillimè <expan abbr="patiet̃">patietur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ea quę <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan> à minore <expan abbr="pręſtãtior">pręſtantior</expan> eſt; <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> <lb></lb>minimo <expan abbr="determinãda">determinanda</expan> eſt: <expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> eo minimo ſit <expan abbr="exuperãtia">exuperantia</expan>, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ab eo minore pati nequeat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3196"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3197"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3198"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3199"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3200"></margin.target>a 1 de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3201"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3202"></margin.target>a Lib.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3203"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę de regulis potentię & impotentię dubitantur à nonnullis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVNENIMVERO & ſi ſatis accuratè diſputatum eſt à Philoſopho de terminis exupe<lb></lb>rantiæ, <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> tamen inculcantur à Latinis, quæ vel antedictis aduerſa, vel non congruentia <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> exiſtimari poſſe videantur: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> nos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nonnihil de hac ipſa re dicere cogimur pro Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm verò docebimus, quid ſit illud quod hoc loco inquiritur. </s> <s>Tum deinde generalia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ca<lb></lb>pita proponemus, vt expenſis <expan abbr="ſophiſtarũ">ſophiſtarum</expan> opinionibus, & demum <expan abbr="argumẽtis">argumentis</expan> in Ariſt. </s> <s>decreta obiectis <lb></lb>certiores de Peripatetica veritate reddamur. </s> <s>Primùm ergo <expan abbr="quærit̃">quæritur</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>interpretibus an'ne po<lb></lb>tentia determinetur maximo quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & impotentia minimo quod non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Potentia verò aut eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3204"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actuoſa, aut patibilis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc, vel apta ad <expan abbr="cognoſcendũ">cognoſcendum</expan>, vel naturalis, & illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, aut ſentiens, aut <lb></lb>intelligens: hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, vel cum <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan>, vel ſicuti potentia pura, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> eſt potentia materiæ <lb></lb>primę. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actuoſa poteſtas, quandoquidem formæ <expan abbr="comitat̃">comitatur</expan>, eius verò munus eſt finite, neceſſa<lb></lb>riò quoque finita erit: poteſtas verò patibilis, cùm adhęreat materiæ quæ fons eſt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> infinitatis, erit <lb></lb>infinita per ſe, quae ſi finietur, id <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> referet formæ. </s> <s>Prætereà poteſtas actuoſa aut accipitur, qua<lb></lb>tenus reſpicit reſiſtentiam .ſ. </s> <s>quatenus extendit vires ſuas vltra contrarium, ſiue <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan>, aut quo ad<lb></lb>ſpectat <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ſuæ actionis, aut <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> ſuas vires in ſpatio fundit, aut quantum ad effectus <expan abbr="pręſtan-tiã">pręſtan<lb></lb>tiam</expan> pertinet. </s> <s>De <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> potentiarum genere diſſerunt interpretes, ac quærunt, vtrum <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ex parte <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>cum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura conſentiat, nec'ne. </s> <s>Verùm quae dum hæc philoſophi tractant, nonnulla propo<lb></lb>nunt quæ in genere motuum, <expan abbr="virtutumq́">virtutumque</expan>. </s> <s>collatione <expan abbr="controuerſiã">controuerſiam</expan> præſeferunt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> huc venimus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inutile arbitramur, ſi animi noſtri ſenſus patefaciamus: <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, vtrùm, ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> exupantia naſci poſ<lb></lb>ſit actio nec'ne. </s> <s>Prætereà an'ne <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> poteſtas ſufficiat ad <expan abbr="inchoandũ">inchoandum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad <expan abbr="abſoluendũ">abſoluendum</expan> motum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et alij partem problematis affirmantem approbant dicentes: Si certa exuperatio neceſſaria foret ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum, fieri non poſſe, vt proportio <expan abbr="ſeruaret̃">ſeruaretur</expan> inter mouentia & mobilia à toto ad partes, quem<lb></lb>admodum in prima regula conſtitutum eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>vtputa, Si A mouet B, & dimidium A. mouet <lb></lb>dimidium B. & cum infinitum propter continuitatem mouentium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mobilium ea partitio fieri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3205"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>queat: ergo à qualibet exuperantia propagabitur motus. </s> <s>Vnde etiam, ſi ita eſt, decernere oportet <lb></lb>eandem poteſtatem ſufficere ad continuandum motum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="inchoãdum">inchoandum</expan>. </s> <s>aliter non poſſe fieri mo<lb></lb>tum ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> exuperantia. </s> <s>Alij contrà dicunt. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ natura conſtant, maximo & minimo deter<lb></lb>minantur; ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de exuperantia ſtatuendum eſſe; minimam .ſ. </s> <s>eſſe exuperantiam <expan abbr="minimamq́">minimamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> quæ poſsit? </s> <s>præſtare motum, & ob id <expan abbr="minimã">minimam</expan> velocitatem, & proinde <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> <expan abbr="tarditatẽ">tarditatem</expan> <lb></lb>motus. </s> <s>quòd exuperantia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> proportio quæ ſint intra illas, nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> agent. </s> <s>Quapropter, quia <lb></lb>minor eſt <expan abbr="exuperãtia">exuperantia</expan> <expan abbr="minorq́">minorque</expan>. </s> <s>proportio ad quieſcens, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad id quod <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, vt pote ad magis oppo<lb></lb>ſitum: ergo non <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> potentia ſatis erit ad inchoandum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> quæ iam cœptum <expan abbr="cõtinuare">continuare</expan> poterit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et planè ſenſus, qui vnus in decretis naturalibus eſt conſulendus, monſtrat nobis maiorem niſum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conatum requiri ad incohandum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quàm continuandum, & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> perſuadet, quia motus ha<lb></lb>bet aliquid de termino ad quem, & maiorem propenſionem ad ipſum; quapropter videtur demi<lb></lb>nui de reſiſtentia, quae, cùm quies nihil habeat de forma oppoſita, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de propenſione ad illam, <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <lb></lb>continet reſiſtentiam: quocirca durius eſt initium, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> progreſſus. </s> <s>Si igitur hæc inter ſe <expan abbr="conſequũtur">conſequuntur</expan> <lb></lb>exuperantiam parem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ab initio & in progreſſu motus, & <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> terminis quibuſ <pb pagenum="533"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3206"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dam coërceri; etiam nos, <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> dabimus ſimul, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maxime quae experimur non <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> pondus cuiuis <lb></lb>accedens, afferre momentum. </s> <s>Sed tamen de his adhuc diligentius opinor eſſe diſtinguendum: pro<lb></lb>ptereà quòd propenſio minor & oppoſitio maior ab initio motus ineſt in iis ſolùm, quæ mouentur ſe<lb></lb>cundùm naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in illis ſimpliciter, ſed in iis, quæ per ſe mouentur, hoc eſt, dum gignuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quippe quòd ante motum ſint in termino oppoſito, & per motum fiat profectus in affectione & po<lb></lb>teſtate, ſed in quiete violenta & in motu ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quo elementum genitum afficitur, quia <lb></lb><expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> etiam manens eò ſemper inclinare, quò ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> fertur, vnde item opprimit ea quibus <lb></lb>innititur; earundem virium eſſe cenſebitur & ab initio & in progreſſu mouere. </s> <s>Quocirca in hoc <lb></lb>motu, cùm ſit id quod per ſe mouetur, & per accidens: elementum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per accidens mouetur, per ſe <lb></lb>verò impedimentum: <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> item vis in eo pellendo poni ſolet; eo pulſo prorſus exiguum apparet of<lb></lb>ficium abigentis impediens, aut nullum. </s> <s>Quare maiores etiam vires in motu elementi geniti, ſi im<lb></lb>pedimentum reſpexeris, adhibentur: in motibus qui ſunt præter naturam, id neceſſarium planè, quae <lb></lb>magis opponitur mouenti in <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan> quies, quàm motus per ſe: fungitur enim id quod mouet, <lb></lb>vice contrarij, quòd alio propenſionem habeat mobile, ac quo fertur (ita explico vocem illam, dif<lb></lb>ficillimum eſſe pondus mouere, quod in contrarium moueatur, quę vſurpata eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mech. <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etenim ſuapte natura fertur deorſum, agitur autem in obliquum) nam minuit vires impellentis, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3207"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3208"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tametſi multò maiores. </s> <s>Prætereà quod mouetur, ſimile facit <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> mouenti eòdem verſus; <lb></lb>quò fertur, & velut in ſeipſo propenſionem & affectionem habens ad eum motum cum mouente <lb></lb>concurrit, & eius vires amplificat ex ſeipſo tum faciens quòd nititur facere mouens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> lapidarij <lb></lb>qui magnos ictus incuſſuri ſunt; leues ab initio plagas inferunt, vt à lapide quodammodo repulſus, <lb></lb>& leuatus malleus ad mouendum facilior fiat, & minus tympaniſtæ fatigantur baculos corio repel<lb></lb>lente. </s> <s>Hęc item cauſſa pertentat actiones noſtras, & ad motus rationis accommodatur: vnde opti<lb></lb>mè dictum. </s> <s>Dum in dubio eſt animus paullò momento huc illuc impellitur, eſt enim dubitatio <lb></lb>motus animi quidam in partes oppoſitas, & in militia prius ineunt leuia quædam prœlia rotarij mi<lb></lb>lites; pòſt acerrimè concurritur, & ſi opus fuerit, res venit ad triarios. </s> <s>Ex hoc item cauſſam redde<lb></lb>bat Philoſophus, cur funda <expan abbr="lõgius">longius</expan> proiiciatur lapis, quàm manu, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod manus ſe habet vt <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3209"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>funda vt circunferentia, ſed centrum manet immobile, aut partes illi vicinæ tardiſsimè feruntur, cir<lb></lb>cunferentia multò celerius. </s> <s>Cùm ergo apud manum minimus fiat motus, in extrema funda mul<lb></lb>tò maior, quòd hîc lapis mouetur; ibi quodammodo quieſcit, quia parum mouetur, ideò accipit <lb></lb>hîc maiorem motum, quàm apud manum. </s> <s>Ex his etiam cauſſa reddi poſſet, cur enſe, quàm gladio <lb></lb>plaga maior infligatur: etenim longior eſt enſis, & circulum maiorem deſcribit, ſic etiam quo lon<lb></lb>gius abeſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> plagam accepturus ſæpè ſubingreditur, vt impetum ferientis aduerſarij retundat, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3210"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ictus dimidium dicitur auferre. </s> <s>Exinde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa peti poſſet, cur initium motus in centro ex <lb></lb>naturæ ordine ponendum foret. </s> <s>Nam cùm ibi motus ſit exiguus, facilius autem ſit mouenti effice<lb></lb>re motum paruum, quàm magnum, etiam ex centro ſit mouere facilius, ſic ex corde <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus in animali, in quo parua mutatio magnas efficit mutationes in extremis. </s> <s>Quanquàm de hoc du<lb></lb>bitari potuit experientia ſæpè monſtrante contrarium, ſiquidem non ſit dubium, quin cęleſtis cor<lb></lb>poris agitator in circunferentia ſe collocauerit, & dum rotas iſtas maximas, quibus aut telas com<lb></lb>planant, aut tormenta bellica terebrant, aut etiam nauiculas apud nos attollunt, agere volunt, in cir<lb></lb>cunferentia conſiſtunt. </s> <s>An in cęlo alia ratio mouendi, nec intrinſecus, vt ab agente, quanuis vt ter<lb></lb>mino, eſt enim centrum vnde & quo fit conuerſio, nec vlla ex parte præter naturam, quia nec gra<lb></lb>ue, neque leue, ſed in his aliqua pars eius contra naturam, vt aſcenſus; ita vt, niſi pars oppoſita de<lb></lb>ſcenderet, & ſic <expan abbr="cõferret">conferret</expan> ad motum; non minus difficile foret excitare rotam, quàm quodlibet aliud <lb></lb>corpus æqui ponderis agere contra naturam, & aliarum rotarum motus non minus reſpicit initia, <lb></lb>vnde motus exiſtit ſiue vt termino, ſiue vt agente, quàm ſeſe accommodet ad locum: datur enim <lb></lb>illi propter anguſtias loci minus ſpatij, quàm manubria capiat, quæ pro rotæ magnitudine magna <lb></lb>item oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de cauſsis per ſe. </s> <s>Sed intercedit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> alia cauſſa per accidens, quòd mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3211"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bile, dum manet, actu ſpatium totum ſimul occupat; dum mouetur, quòd ſpatium eſt in potentia: <lb></lb>partes eius occupat ſolùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimul proptereà plus ab initio mouere oportet, quàm in progreſſu, <lb></lb>nec ab illo diſsimiliter euenit, quod in motu corporis plani, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> rotundi perſpicitur. </s> <s>Etenim mo<lb></lb>uetur ægrius planum, cùm pluribus partibus ſimul ſpatio nitatur, ſic ab initio, quia partibus omni<lb></lb>bus actu ſimul innititur mobile, in progreſſu verò non omnibus ſimul: inde efficitur, vt difficilius <lb></lb>ſit incohare, quàm perſequi motum. </s> <s>Prætereà poteſtas cum patibilis, tum actuoſa ſæpius accepta <lb></lb>eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>aut abſolutè, vt reſpicit materiam, quæ per ſe infinita eſt, aut quatenus certa forma de<lb></lb>finitur. </s> <s>Si igitur abſolutè ſumatur facultas, nil prohibet, quin motus ab omni exuperantia naſcatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed illud non neceſſariò dabo, quòd eiuſdem virtutis ſit incipere & continuate motum, ſed enim <lb></lb>ſi potentia præfinita ſtatuatur, & motus non ab omni exuperatione gignetur; nec ab eadem virtute <lb></lb>motus incohabitur & producetur. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis, rationes ad <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem problematis di<lb></lb>luuntur. </s> <s>Nam quòd maximo <expan abbr="minimoq́">minimoque</expan>. </s> <s>potentia determinetur; verùm eſt, vbi ad certam formam <lb></lb>adiuncta ſpectatur: at ſi eam conſideremus abſolutè, & ad materiam, in qua exiſtit diſtantia, propter <lb></lb>eius infinitatem non eſt dare minimum, ſed ſemper in infinitum minus accipi poteſt. </s> <s>Sic, quando <pb pagenum="534"></pb>accipitur duplum mouere duplum, & dimidium conſimiliter mouere dimidium, nulla ratione ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3212"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bita formæ <expan abbr="concedendũ">concedendum</expan> eſt, ſed cùm forma ſpectatur, iam dictum eſt, ſi C homines trahunt vnam <lb></lb>nauim, non neceſſe eſſe, vnus homo partem eius centeſimam trahat. </s> <s>At verò quòd Phyſicus omnia <lb></lb>tractat ad doctrinam ſenſilium, nos etiam in noſtra quæſtione accipiemus exuperantiam determi<lb></lb>natam, & in omni motu eiuſmodi requiri defendemus, & rationes afferemus quæ opponuntur <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ſic exuperantia conſtituta. </s> <s>Primùm contra potentiæ & impotentiæ determinationem, quòd <lb></lb>ignis appoſito combuſtili augetur in immenſum: ergo non datur maximum in quod poteſt ignis. <lb></lb></s> <s>& minimum in quod non poteſt: nam ſemper poteſt in maius, & nihil eſt in quod non poſsit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Secundò eſto hoc maximum, in quod poteſt Socrates, aut ipſe obiectum ſuperat, aut non: alterum <lb></lb>ſanè dandum non eſt, quòd omnis actio naſcitur ab inæqualitate maiore. </s> <s>Sed neque alterum fieri <lb></lb>poteſt, cùm aut aliquo indiuiduo ſuperet, aut eodem diuiduo: nec certè indiuiduo, quòd additum <lb></lb>non facit maius, nec inæquale, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>actio nulla extaret, quòd ſi diuiduo ſuperat, fac obiectum au<lb></lb>geri tantiſper, quoniam illud in infinitum diuidi poteſt, etiam poterit explicare actionem ſuam in <lb></lb>obiectum tantiſper auctum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non erat illud maximum in quod poterat. </s> <s>Quoniam verò tem<lb></lb>pus, ſpatium, & exuperantia mouentis quodam proportionis vinculo inter ſe connexa ſunt, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>in ea omnia eadem ratio valere videtur: ita vt, quemadmodum eſt maximum obiectum in quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3213"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſt; ita ſit ſpatium <expan abbr="definitũ">definitum</expan>, vltra quod actuoſa virtus actiones ſuas non extendit; eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>modo de mouentis exuperantia dicetur: quapropter eædem argumentationes, quæ contra Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>de obiecti terminis afferuntur, etiam oppugnabunt ſpatium, tempus, & exuperantiam mouentis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inſuper his ſtantibus quicquid poteſt maius, poteſt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> minus: atquid de ſphęrarum cęleſtium <lb></lb>motoribus qui, cùm moueant ſuperiorem ſphæram quæ maior eſt, inferiorem quæ minor eſt, mo<lb></lb>uere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſunt: nam ſi mouerent ipſam, maiore profectò velocitate eam mouerent, quam ſuam: <lb></lb>cùm cęteroqui, quò ſphærę ſunt inferiores, eò tardius agantur. </s> <s>Ad hæc noto præſtantiam effectus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aliquid poteſt facere perfectius, non tamen imperfectius, vtputa, quod producit hominem, non po<lb></lb>teſt producere formicam. </s> <s>Tranſeo nunc ad poteſtatem patibilem: ea verò determinatur minimo <lb></lb>à quo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> pati. </s> <s>id oppugnat experientia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> res viſilis obiecta, non ſolùm non mouet, vbi emi<lb></lb>nus ſita fuerit, ſed vbi nimium vicina, vtpote ſi tangat inſtrumentum ſenſus: quare eſt minimum, <lb></lb>à quo non poteſt pati. </s> <s>Quia verò poſſes opponere non eſſe eandem rationem obſeruandam in pa<lb></lb>tibili & actuoſa poteſtate: ſcito nihil referre; quia, quod dicitur de poteſtate patibili, transferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>ad obiectum, cui vis agendi tribuitur; & ad ſpatium; quia, ſi poteſt per tantum ſpatium quod eſt <lb></lb>maximum, ſequitur item, vt poſsit per omne ſpatium minus: at hoc non accidit ſenſui. </s> <s>Necnon <lb></lb>accipiantur duæ poteſtates patibiles, mens .ſ. </s> <s>& ſenſus, & duo maxima, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſenſile vt Sol. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3214"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod cadit in <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> quod eſt D. O. M. <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> non <expan abbr="ſeruat̃">ſeruatur</expan> in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> eo quae ſi poteſt in <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> viſile, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcircò <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in minus: nec contrà, ſi in <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan>, ergo in maximum. </s> <s>De <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> verò <expan abbr="ſtatuit̃">ſtatuitur</expan> oppo<lb></lb>ſitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> ſi maximum eſt quod in <expan abbr="mẽtem">mentem</expan> cadit: ergo etſi fuerit minus: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tamen ſi minus <expan abbr="cõcipiat̃">concipiatur</expan>: <lb></lb>ergo & maximum. </s> <s>Poſtremò velocitas excreſcit in immenſum: non datur igitur <expan abbr="sũma">summa</expan> velocitas.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3204"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3205"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3206"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3207"></margin.target>a <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3208"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3209"></margin.target>b <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mech. <lb></lb>12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3210"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3211"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3212"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3213"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3214"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de potentię & impotentię regulis à Latinis decreta ſunt, adnotantur, & dubitata <lb></lb>diſſoluuntur. </s> <s>Caput LII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC temerè ſophiſtas commouerunt, vt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>deſciſcerent, & importunè tanto duce reli<lb></lb>cto, non quod conſuleret ipſa natura, ſed quod eorum doctrina pateretur, approbarent. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>cùm tria propoſita fuerint ad explicandum, poteſtas actuoſa, patibilis, & impotentia, ſola determi<lb></lb>natione impotentiæ recepta ſecus, ac fecerit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> poteſtatem declarandam eſſe <expan abbr="contendũt">contendunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et quantum pertinet ad actuoſam poteſtatem (capita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rerum generalia complectar) cùm dixerit <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>eam determinari maximo quod poteſt; ipſi contra aiunt eam determinari minimo quod non <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: cauſſa hæc eſt, quia non eſt illud maximum propter antedictas <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan>. </s> <s>Conſimiliter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cum de<lb></lb>terminauerit Philoſophus <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> patibilem minimo à quo pati <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ij contrà aſſerunt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> determi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3215"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nari maximo à quo non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> pati, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> minimum; ſed ſemper reperiri poſſe aliquod mi<lb></lb>nus à quo pati queat. </s> <s>De impotentia nihil immutant; opinor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ob eam potiſsimè cauſſam; licèt <lb></lb>ab eis expreſſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerit: quandoquidem <expan abbr="impotẽtia">impotentia</expan> poſita eſt in æqualitate virtutis & obiecti, ſiue <lb></lb>reſiſtentiæ: æqualitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> indiuiduo <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>: quapropter eſt <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> quod non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quo <expan abbr="determinat̃">determinatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò mihi <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> hęc opinio peruertere terminos <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> rerum <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> qui <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſtatuuntur, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="sẽſui">senſui</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiiciunt̃">ſubiiciuntur</expan>, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="experiẽtia">experientia</expan> <expan abbr="cõſonant">conſonant</expan>. </s> <s>Cęterùm fallacia alia <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> trudit. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeparare volue<lb></lb>runt <expan abbr="conſiderationẽ">conſiderationem</expan> <expan abbr="potẽtiæ">potentiæ</expan> & <expan abbr="impotẽtię">impotentię</expan> <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> & ſine vlla lege & <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan>, & quaſi <expan abbr="mathema-ticã">mathema<lb></lb>ticam</expan> ab ea quæ naturalis eſt ſimpliciter, & ad qualitates <expan abbr="sẽſiles">senſiles</expan> applicata, quod feciſſe <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>in hos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> laqueos irrepſerunt. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> virtus à ſenſilium vinculis abſoluta in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <expan abbr="minuit̃">minuitur</expan>; at formis <lb></lb>adſtricta <expan abbr="reluctat̃">reluctatur</expan> infinito. </s> <s>Nos hîc <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> ſenſilibus formis <expan abbr="alligatã">alligatam</expan> accipimus, & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> more Ariſtote<lb></lb>lico <expan abbr="determinandã">determinandam</expan> eſſe defendimus. </s> <s>His aſſumptis ad <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> oppoſitas veniamus, quod <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> erat <lb></lb>de iis quę propoſueram. </s> <s>Ante alia verò hæc ipſis ſupponi oportet. </s> <s>Primùm vires <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> <expan abbr="cõſeruari">conſeruari</expan>, quae <lb></lb>ſi quid recipiat maiores vires, aut priſtinas admittat, & neceſſe eſt proportio <expan abbr="variet̃">varietur</expan>, & <expan abbr="immutet̃">immutetur</expan> virtus <lb></lb>quę mouebat. </s> <s>Deinde ſtatuimus <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan> quę <expan abbr="nõt">notanda</expan> ſit vt <expan abbr="p̃fectio">perfectio</expan>, <expan abbr="nobilioreq́">nobilioreque</expan>. </s> <s>modo <expan abbr="operet̃">operetur</expan>. <pb pagenum="535"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3216"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ac tertiò effectus minores eſſe partes maioris, vel quae <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> latitudine reipſa <expan abbr="cõtineant̃">contineantur</expan> vt tertius <expan abbr="grad9">gradus</expan> <lb></lb>in quatro, & vt <expan abbr="alẽs">alens</expan> in <expan abbr="sẽtiente">sentiente</expan>: vel virtute, vt ſic <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>, quia valeat maior <expan abbr="tãti">tanti</expan>, & aliquanto plus, vt nu<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="argẽteus">argenteus</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> aureo <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>. </s> <s>Ex his ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="reſpõdeo">reſpondeo</expan> non eſſe <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan>, <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> <lb></lb>ignis quæ eſt in vno fruſto ligni, & in vniuerſa pyra. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ſit ille, in aliquo certo inſtanti <lb></lb>vires habet pręſinitas quę <expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> non plus efficere <expan abbr="valẽt">valent</expan>. </s> <s>Et hoc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſatis, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> pertinet ad obiecti <lb></lb>ſolutionem. </s> <s>Verùm nolo hîc <expan abbr="cõmittere">committere</expan>, quin <expan abbr="eradicẽ">eradicem</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="difficultatẽ">difficultatem</expan> quam præſefert illa obiectio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare accipio <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> more Ariſtotelico quod finiri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & eſt <expan abbr="indeterminatũ">indeterminatum</expan>, nec <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="cõfero">confero</expan> cum <lb></lb>tota ſua magnitudine, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> terminis <expan abbr="viuẽtium">viuentium</expan>, qui innumeris planè modis variari poſſent, ſi ignis <lb></lb>incrementum <expan abbr="ſequerent̃">ſequerentur</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm verò <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> conficiat ignis, ideò moles & facultas eius terminatæ ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in libris pręcedentibus <expan abbr="cõſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> & partes <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> eſſe finita, patet <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> non poſſe cre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3217"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcere in <expan abbr="immensũ">immensum</expan>, ſed ſatis eſſe, ſi longè ſuperet <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="viuentiũ">viuentium</expan> <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>. </s> <s>Addo poſtremò ſi ignis <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> in <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> <expan abbr="cõuerteret">conuerteret</expan>, ſibi ipſi <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> moliturum, quae non ſuppeteret quo <expan abbr="aleret̃">aleretur</expan>. </s> <s>Quapropter eius <lb></lb>magnitudo finita eſt. </s> <s>Poteris hîc opponere. </s> <s>Fingamus <expan abbr="cõbuſtibile">combuſtibile</expan> non deficere, ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> <lb></lb>ignis erit in <expan abbr="immensũ">immensum</expan>, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan> ex hypotheſi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Reſpõdeo">Reſpondeo</expan> <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> de <expan abbr="incremẽto">incremento</expan> numeri <lb></lb>dicebat Ariſt. </s> <s>id quod de igni <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>vires eius eſſe finitas. </s> <s>Quid ſi <expan abbr="maxi-mũ">maxi<lb></lb>mum</expan> eſſe ſtatuamus? </s> <s>At tum eſt in hypotheſi repugnantia, de qua dictum eſt aliàs. </s> <s>Ad id verò quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3218"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="opponũt">opponunt</expan> aut <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> ſuperare <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan>, aut non: dicimus eam debere ſuperare, ſed <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan> ſen<lb></lb>ſilem requiri quæ determinata <expan abbr="ſupponit̃">ſupponitur</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quęuis exuperantia <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> facit, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc argumenti genere vſus eſt Alexander <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> Diodorum <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad <expan abbr="oſtendendũ">oſtendendum</expan> <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> ſentiendi præ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3219"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finitam eſſe: vſque adeò vt à Peripateticis ad <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="petagẽdum">peragendum</expan> fuerit vſurpatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> à Latinis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed cùm <expan abbr="reprehẽſio">reprehenſio</expan> Diodori ſit obſcuriſsima propter <expan abbr="mẽda">menda</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="Alexãdri">Alexandri</expan> codex; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> ab <lb></lb><expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> loci interprętibus ſatis aptè explanari, ea <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> è re nata à nobis ſedulò <expan abbr="exponet̃">exponetur</expan>. </s> <s>Cenſuit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Dio<lb></lb>dorus, ſicuti poſuit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> ſenſile, hoc eſt, quo minus ſentiri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit, ſic <expan abbr="ponendũ">ponendum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="maxi-mũ">maxi<lb></lb>mum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſenſile, quo ſi maius illicò <expan abbr="ſentiet̃">ſentietur</expan>. </s> <s>Ita eum <expan abbr="cõfutat">confutat</expan> Alexander, accipiens in primis continuum <lb></lb>diuidi poſſe in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> in partes quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan> illud quod autumat Diodorus eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> non ſenſile: hoc certè <expan abbr="ſuperat̃">ſuperatur</expan> aliqua ex parte à minimo ſenſili. </s> <s>Pars ea qua <expan abbr="ſuperat̃">ſuperatur</expan> <expan abbr="maxi-mũ">maxi<lb></lb>mum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſenſile à minimo ſenſili, ex hypotheſi <expan abbr="nr̃a">nostra</expan>, quam <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> accipit Diodorus, <expan abbr="ſecat̃">ſecatur</expan> in alias partes <expan abbr="di-uidat̃">di<lb></lb>uidatur</expan> ergo in bina dimidia, & <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> maximo illi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſenſili <expan abbr="apponat̃">apponatur</expan>. </s> <s>Quęro tunc adiecta illa parte, <lb></lb>an id quod <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> eſt eſſe <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> non ſenſile, aut <expan abbr="sẽtiatur">sentiatur</expan>, nec'ne. </s> <s>quae ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſentit̃">ſentitur</expan>; ergo quod à Dio<lb></lb>doro <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> eſt, eſſe maximum non ſenſile, non erit <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, ſed hoc <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, quod à Diodoro conſtitutum <lb></lb>eſt, eſſe <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> non ſenſile cum ea parte, quam adiecimus. </s> <s>quae ſi ſentiatur; ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit illud <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3220"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſile quod ab initio <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> eſt, ac diuiſum in <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> non ſenſile, & <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan>, quam habet <expan abbr="mi-nimũ">mi<lb></lb>nimum</expan> ſenſile ad <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> non ſenſile, ſed <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> illud quod <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex maximo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſenſili, & parte adie<lb></lb>cta quę eſt <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> <expan abbr="exuperãtię">exuperantię</expan>, qua <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> eſt ſuperari <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> non ſenſile à minimo ſenſili. </s> <s>Quare <lb></lb><expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> ſenſile illud erit, non quod <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> ex vniuerſa exuperantia & maximo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſenſili; verùm quae <lb></lb>ex dimidio exuperantię <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſt & maximo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſenſili, quod ab eo minimo ſenſili, quod prius <lb></lb><expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="ſuperat̃">ſuperatur</expan> altero <expan abbr="exuperãtiæ">exuperantiæ</expan> dimidio. </s> <s>Sed ad noſtra redeamus. </s> <s>Obiiciuntur motores <expan abbr="ſphę-rarũ">ſphę<lb></lb>rarum</expan>, ſatis eſſet nunc, ſi è <expan abbr="nr̃o">noſtro</expan> ordine <expan abbr="pellerent̃">pellerentur</expan>, qui perſequimur efficientia propriè & vniuocè; ſed ſi <lb></lb>fingi poſſet <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> orbem à motore <expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> ſuperiore moueri, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan>, ſi tardius moueretur. </s> <s>quae <lb></lb>agens naturale, quò vicinius, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouet efficacius. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſſet diſtantia minor ſphęra, <lb></lb>qua maior eſt, velocius <expan abbr="ageret̃">ageretur</expan>. </s> <s>& quo minor, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> velocius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſuperior, & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſpatium ſæpius <lb></lb>iteraret. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non efficiat <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> minoris virtutis: id <expan abbr="negat̃">negatur</expan>, ſi effectus in altero maiore <lb></lb><expan abbr="contineat̃">contineatur</expan> vt pars: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quod dat <expan abbr="quartũ">quartum</expan> <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>, dat <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tertium, & quod facit <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, facit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ani<lb></lb>mal <expan abbr="pręterq̃">pręterquae</expan> in alente & <expan abbr="cognoſcẽte">cognoſcente</expan>, vt olim 2. lib. docuimus, ſed muſca in homine <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan> virtute <lb></lb><expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, vt numus <expan abbr="argẽteus">argenteus</expan> in aureo: proinde <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pertinet hęc obiectio ad <expan abbr="regulã">regulam</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>, qua <expan abbr="cõprehẽ-dunt̃">comprehen<lb></lb>duntur</expan> effectus, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> vt partes ſuperiorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Opponũt">Opponunt</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <expan abbr="patibilẽ">patibilem</expan>, quę eſt <expan abbr="sẽtiẽs">sentiens</expan>, aut <expan abbr="intelligẽs">intelligens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3221"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſentientẽ">ſentientem</expan> pertinet, per accidens regula fallit: eo quae poteſtas <expan abbr="ſentiẽs">ſentiens</expan> pendet ex organo & <lb></lb>obiecto. </s> <s>quare eminus <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> ipſam mouere non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cominus corrumpit, & ſic <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in minus, non <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in maius, quia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> id quod minus eſt, eſſe magis aptum, & eſſe poſitum in certa proportione quæ <lb></lb>flagitatur ad efficiendam ſenſionem, & poteſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> per certum ſpatium, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per quodlibet. </s> <s>Mouebat <lb></lb>item Alexander poteſtatem ſentiendi maximo determinari, quia ſaltem ſpatem ſpatio. </s> <s>Veruntamen ani<lb></lb>maduertit Simplicius Ariſt. </s> <s>non ita locutum eſſe, quae non omnis ſenſus ſpatium requirat, vt tactus <lb></lb>& guſtus. </s> <s>Sed cùm mens ex corpore non pendeat proximè, non patitur vllo modo, ſed perficitur <lb></lb>ab obiecto: verùm quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quoquomodo ex corpore apta & nexa eſt; inde efficitur vt à maximo <lb></lb>intellectili <expan abbr="afficiat̃">afficiatur</expan>, quemadmodum veſpertilionis oculus à ſplendore Solis. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus velo<lb></lb>citas in infinitum augeri queat: non nouit Ariſt. </s> <s>At dices augetur tarditas in infinitum, & hoc <expan abbr="ne-gat̃">ne<lb></lb>gatur</expan>, <expan abbr="accipiẽdo">accipiendo</expan> partes ſenſiles, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motus in cęlo <expan abbr="tribuit̃">tribuitur</expan>: etenim illis <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> <expan abbr="reſpõdet">reſpondet</expan>, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> quo <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="cõficiunt">conficiunt</expan>. </s> <s>Hactenus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan> latione <expan abbr="diſceptatũ">diſceptatum</expan> eſt, & ea peracta <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> <expan abbr="leuiumq́">leuiumque</expan>. </s> <s>motus, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>proprietates <expan abbr="attinẽt">attinent</expan>: ad reliqua <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> inſtituti <expan abbr="nr̃i">nostri</expan> pergamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3215"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3216"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3217"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3218"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3219"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>ſen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3220"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3221"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS LIBRI QVINTI.</s></p> <pb pagenum="536"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3222"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3222"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV <lb></lb>LIBER SEXTVS.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3223"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3223"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DISSERITVR DE CAVSSIS ORTVS ET INTERITVS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur an ſit generatio, & per accidens eſſe perſuadetur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DE ortu & interitu rerum nob. </s> <s>eſt modò dicendum; quid ipſa ſint, quæ'<lb></lb>nam <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> cauſſæ & ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ac quibus'nam, & quatenus conſtitutis <lb></lb>corporibus accedant, & quomodo. </s> <s>Tùm quòd pertinet hic motus ad <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam quæ inter categorias primos honores occupauit; tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quae <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> alij <expan abbr="conſequẽtes">conſequentes</expan> motus, aut ad hos ipſos à natura inſtituuntur, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non ſine ipſis fiunt; vnde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> curſu eodem de auctione & <expan abbr="de-cremẽto">de<lb></lb>cremento</expan> dicemus, cùm <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ortus & interitus quidam ſint, tùm prę<lb></lb>tereà quae hæ ſunt mutationes ſimpliciter, reliquæ verò quodammodo. <lb></lb></s> <s>hæ circum <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan>, quæ eſt in potentia: illæ <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> circum <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>quæ iam actu conſiſtit. </s> <s>Exordiemur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in earum explicatione ab iis, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3224"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnde facilius in eorum poſſeſsionem mens noſtra proficiſcatur, quan<lb></lb>tum in nobis eſt, ordini doctrinæ conſulentes quem cæteris ita præferendum eſſe arbitramur, vt ni<lb></lb>ſi cum ordinæ naturæ conſentiat, hic dimittendus ſit, alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ille retinendus. </s> <s>Cùm verò in omni in<lb></lb>ſtitutione quæ fit cum via ac ratione, præponendum ſit, quid illud eſt quod per nomen ſignificatur, <lb></lb>inde nos conſequentis diſputationis initium faciemus. </s> <s>etenim Græcorum doctrinam ſectantes, ali<lb></lb>qua de vi nominum <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> hæ mutationes indicantur, hoc loco diſputare cogimur: vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi illorum <lb></lb>veſtigiis hærere velimus: vereor equidem ne à puritate Latini ſermonis diſcedere neceſſe ſit. </s> <s>ſed hîc <lb></lb>veniam dabit lector benignus. </s> <s>ſatius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fore duxi, ſi in pręſentia conſulam ſimplicitati ſententiarum <lb></lb>quæ magnam partem obtinet in denominationib. caſib. & coniugatis; quæ <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ex quotidianarum <lb></lb>vocum vſu melius conſeruantur, quàm earum quas ſermo Latinus nob. </s> <s>ſuppeditare poſsit, nanque <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ mutatio variis nominib. exprimi ſolet <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> modò ortus & interitus appelletur ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3225"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">φύεσθαι καὶ ἀποθανεῖν</foreign>, dicit ipſe aliàs generatio & corruptio, <foreign lang="grc">γίνεσθαι</foreign> inquam & <foreign lang="grc">φθείρεσθαι</foreign> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>valent hæc idem prorſus, quanuis vtraque ſint à natura, quoniam ortus eorum eſt propriè quæ in<lb></lb>crementum per aliud habent, tangendo, aut connaſcendo, aut adnaſcendo: ac <expan abbr="tãgendo">tangendo</expan> quidem, vbi <lb></lb>participent eandem qualitatem, ſolùm habentia ſimul extrema, veluti ſemina in vaginis. </s> <s><expan abbr="connaſcẽ-">connaſcen<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3226"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, aut adnaſcendo; quemadmodum embryon: cùm vnum quiddam in ambob. </s> <s>eſt idem quod <lb></lb>præter contactum efficit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, vt fiant vnum ſecundùm continuationem; cùm cæteroqui generatio & <lb></lb>corruptio ſint quid <expan abbr="cõius">conius</expan>: ita, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad inanima & ſimplicia generatim pertineat. </s> <s>proinde nos muta<lb></lb>tionem ſubſtantiæ generatim tractantes generationem & corruptionem bona cum venia recipie<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Huic quæſtioni ſuccedit proximè altera qua diſquiritur, an ea res ſit, de qua diſſerendum eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>ea bifariam tractari poſsit, & per ſe, & per accidens: innata verò nob. </s> <s>via ſit, vt, à notis nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>ad nota natura proficiſcamur. </s> <s>quæ verò per ſe, cognitio eſt, per initia rerum producatur, quæ addita <lb></lb>ſunt; quæ verò per accidens, per euenta rerum fiat, & ea quæ ſe ſenſibus noſtris produnt; generatio<lb></lb>nem ſic eſſe conabimur oſtendere primo loco, vt ex euentis conſtet; tùm deinde eam eſſe per cauſſas <lb></lb>indicabimus: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> canes ſagaces, cùm ſemel veſtigia certa inſtiterunt obducta cubilia frondib. inue<lb></lb>niunt; ſic nos ex <expan abbr="euẽtis">euentis</expan>, quæ perſpicua ſunt, occultas rerum cauſſas indagare oportet. </s> <s>Nam quae id no<lb></lb>bis inquirendum ſit, duo faciunt: primùm, quae nulla mutatio cenſeatur eſſe: deinde quia quam nos <lb></lb>generationem aut corruptionem dicimus, aliqui philoſophi, ſeu ſponte, ſiue coacti rationib. quibuſ<lb></lb>dam fallacib. genus aliud mutationis eſſe poſuerint. </s> <s>Parmenides <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & Meliſſus omnem <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan>, <pb pagenum="539"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3227"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>atque omnino tranſmutationem è medio tolebant, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolùm non eſſe quidem, ſed videri quæ <lb></lb>iudicaretur à nob. </s> <s>Quandoquidem Meliſſus, ex eo, quae ſiquid gigni deberet, aut ex eo quod eſt, gigne<lb></lb>retur, aut ex eo, quod non eſt: ex hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nihil fieri poſſe; ex illo verò ſi fieret; quae eſſet, antequàm gi<lb></lb>gneretur: nil prorſus gigni poſſe concludebat. </s> <s>Alter autem ille cùm videret hæc neceſſariò requiri; ſi <lb></lb>generatio fieret, & id ex quo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id in quod fieret tranſmutatio: vnum verò eſſe quod eſt, poneret, <lb></lb>etiam negare cogebatur eſſe generationem. </s> <s>quanquam & motus ipſe ad locum qui omnium tranſ<lb></lb>mutationum euidentiſsimus eſt, ab illis negatus eſſe comperitur: quandò & alter motum ſine va<lb></lb>cuo fieri non poſſe credens, cùm vacuum ipſi non placeret; è medio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſuſtulit motum: alter ve<lb></lb>rò vnum eſſe ponens omne quod eſt; non videret quo ferri poſſet id quod moueretur. </s> <s>Mitto nunc <lb></lb>Zenonem qui cauillis quibuſdam inuolutus motum non eſſe fallaciter concludebat; quanuis ad<lb></lb>mirandum ſit, ſi latuit lapis qui deorſum fertur. </s> <s>quae de reb. ſenſilib. iudicium ſenſui committendum <lb></lb>ſit; & ratio potius relinquenda, quàm ſenſus: ſat illud fuerit, ſi aut eum ſenſu caruiſſe credamus, aut <lb></lb>vi mentis qua notiones animi ſui ad ſenſum accommodare non potuerit, quemadmodum ſignifica<lb></lb>uit ei Diogenes, præſertim cùm ille ſit, tanquam fores, vnde ea quæ cadunt in mentem noſtram, ad <lb></lb>ipſam deferantur. </s> <s>Alij verò cùm ex vno <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="facerẽt">facerent</expan> per raritatem & denſitatem, quod actu ſemper <lb></lb>manere exiſtimabant in omni tranſmutatione, pro rerum generatione & corruptione, alterationem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3228"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in rerum naturam inculcarunt, & <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> differentiam quæ inter generationem <expan abbr="alterationemq́">alterationemque</expan>. </s> <s>inter<lb></lb>cederet, à nomine eſſe ductam putarunt, re <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſa nullum inter eas extare <expan abbr="diſcrimẽ">diſcrimen</expan>. </s> <s>cuius item ſen<lb></lb>tentiæ <expan abbr="qñq.">quandoque</expan> fuiſſe legimus Hippocratem, qui fatur in hunc ſenſum. </s> <s>“His <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſic ſe habentib. multas <lb></lb><expan abbr="variasq́">variasque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpecies à ſe inuicem ſegregant, & ſeminum, & animalium, inter quæ nulla eſt ſimilitudo, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> adſpectu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> facultate; vtpote <expan abbr="nõdum">nondum</expan> in eodem ſtatu permanentib. ſed ſubinde ſemper alte<lb></lb>ratis neceſſariò gignantur, & ea, quæ ab his ſecernuntur. </s> <s>interit verò nulla è reb. omnib. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> gigni<lb></lb>tur, quæ non antea fuerit, commiſta verò & ſecreta alterantur, exiſtimatur verò ab hominib. id. </s> <s><expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>ex inferis ad lumen euocatur, gigni; quod verò ex lumine ad inferos detruditur, interire; oculis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>non magis credere oportet quàm menti. </s> <s>Hæc ex Hippocrate.” Verumenimuerò, quod gignitur è <lb></lb>ſubiecto quod poteſtate ſit, fiat neceſſe eſt: at quod actu mouens aliquam recipit mutationem, ſo<lb></lb>lummodò alteratur. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>dicere illis licet hoc quod alterationi ſupponunt, non eſſe generationis <lb></lb>ſubiectum; quia protinus ſequeretur, id non eſſe verè principium quod accipiunt: nam præter hoc <lb></lb>aliud item foret ſubiectum circum quod mutatio fieret ex eo quod non eſſet in id quod eſt, quod <lb></lb>nos materiam primam vocamus. </s> <s>Anaxagoras etiam vnam <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>rem diuerſis nominibus ſigni<lb></lb>ficari cenſuit, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>: prorſus eſſe credidit gigni & corrumpi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterari. </s> <s>nam ſicut è qualibet cu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3229"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iuſlibet ſubſtantiæ parte, putat quodlibet educi poſſe, vt è carné medullam & oſſa, ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> albedinem <lb></lb>& cęteras qualitates ſecerni profitetur. </s> <s>At verò, neque nomen inane cenſendum eſt generationis & <lb></lb>corruptionis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliquid generationis & corruptionis <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> ſignificari, quod à reliquis motib. diſtin<lb></lb>guatur: ea <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt nominum poteſtas, vt menti noſtrę rerum naturas obiiciant, & formam ſignifican<lb></lb>tia primum, per illam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> id exprimat, quod habet formam: idcirco ſapientis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, & eius qui <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>naturas optimè calleret, officium eſſe nomina reb. imponere, pronunciatum eſt à philoſophis: dici<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquid generari aut corrumpi ſimpliciter, nulla vocis cuiuſpiam diſtrahentis addita condi<lb></lb>tione, & hominem fieri, <expan abbr="eundemq́">eundemque</expan>. </s> <s>corrumpi pronunciamus; cùm ſi fiat, aut corrumpatur albedo, <lb></lb>hoc album factum eſſe, aut non eſſe dicamus cum albedine ſubiectum perpetuo comprehendentes, <lb></lb><expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione alterum ex altero fieri dicimus, & ex alio aliud: illo quidem primo notantes id <lb></lb>quod ſecundùm partem aliquam tranſmutatur: hoc verò quod tranſmutatur ſimpliciter, & quod <lb></lb>tale ante generationem fuerit, vt de illo non eſſe potuerit prędicari, & poſtquàm genitum eſt, ſine <lb></lb>cuiuſpiam tertij ſignificatione eſſe ſimpliciter illi tribui poſsit, eo pacto fit aër ex aqua, non veluti <lb></lb>ex albo nigrum; proptereà quòd <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> fiat nigrum, fuit aliquid quod digito potuit indicari, quod <lb></lb>item ſuperſtes eſt, poſt amiſsionem albedinis: & omnino longè alia mutatio eſt, cùm ex aqua fit aër, <lb></lb>& cùm eadem aqua, quæ fuerit olim frigida, tepuerit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ibi non permanſit aqua, ſed aliud effe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3230"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctum eſt, quod eſt aër: hîc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eadem aqua quæ frigida fuit antè, poſteà tepida facta eſt. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb>& id alij perſpicientes, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> generationem eſſe conceſſerunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> tranſmutationis quę ab <lb></lb>alteratione diuerſa foret, aſsignarunt. </s> <s>ſiue <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> plura principia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem finita poſuerint, <expan abbr="quẽ-admodum">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> Empedocles, quattuor vocata elementa, ſiue infinita, veluti Democritus & Leucippus <lb></lb>quos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſectatus eſt Epicurus, licèt aliquantulum ab iis diſceſſerit, cùm infinitas iſti poſuerint ato<lb></lb>mos, infinitis formis ac figuris interſtinctas; ille verò formas & figuras finitas eſſe aſſeuerarit quod <lb></lb>item à Latino Poëta carmine elegantiſsimo expreſſum fuit hoc modo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3224"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3225"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3226"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3227"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3228"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3229"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3230"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo formarum nouit atem corporis augmen</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Subſequitur. </s> <s>Quare non est vt credere poſſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Eſſe infinitis diſtantia ſemina formis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ne quædam cogas immani maximitate Eſſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>omnes generationem ab alteratione diſtinguunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> Democritus & Leucippus, cum ponerent ato<lb></lb>mos inter ſe differre <foreign lang="grc">ρυσμῷ, τροπῇ, καὶ διαθιγῇ</foreign>, quæ voces Abderìtica lingua ſignificabant <foreign lang="grc">ῥυσμὸς</foreign><lb></lb>quidem figuram, non ſanè ab eo quod eſt fluere apud Græcos <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ῥυῖσκεσθαι</foreign>, vt voluere nonnulli; <pb pagenum="538"></pb>quandoquidem nomen hoc ſphæræ proprium eſſet, cùm hæc ſola ſtare loco neſciat, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> omnem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3231"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſi figuram, vt cubicam, de qua nullo pacto dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> effluere, nomine illo expreſſerunt: ſed erat for<lb></lb>tè illa eius vocis propria notio in ea lingua <foreign lang="grc">τροπῆ</foreign> verò <foreign lang="grc">την̀ θέσιν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>poſituram & <foreign lang="grc">διθιγῆ την́ τάξιν</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>i. </s> <s>ordinem generationem fieri dixere, cum atomorum figura permutaretur: quòd ſi ordo, aut poſitu<lb></lb>ra inuerterentur, effici planè alterationem. </s> <s>Empedocles etiam & ipſe generationem ab alteratione <lb></lb>ſecreuit, licet poſteà multa dixerit, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aut alteratio tolleretur, aut ſaltem à generatione non diſtin<lb></lb>gueretur: quamobrem, quantum ad ſuorum initiorum facultatem & naturam ſpectat, potuit ipſe <lb></lb>quidem mutationes <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> ſeparare; ſed poſteà ſeipſum decepit, dum ea ſuis principiis adiecit, qui<lb></lb>bus impediretur, ne generationem ab alteratione ſeiungeret. </s> <s>Verùm loco nos admonente, rem hanc <lb></lb>vberius explanare non inutile fuerit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3231"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aduerſus antiquos, qui generationem ab alteratione non ſecernebant. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SCIRE ergo licet inter alios Anaxagoram & Empedoclem, tam primas, quàm ſecundas qua<lb></lb>litates elementorum ſuorum differentias ſtatuiſſe, quæ pertineant ad eſſentiam, calorem, frigus, <lb></lb>ſiccitatem, humorem, raritatem, denſitatem, albedinem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alias his conſimiles. </s> <s>Et Empedoclem ſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3232"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gillatim igni calorem, ſiccitatem, raritatem, leuitatem, & albedinem tribuiſſe, & has conſtituiſſe dif<lb></lb>ferentias inter ignem & aërem, quae ille ſiccus eſſet, & albus, hic humidus & perſpicuus: cętera autem <lb></lb>pares eſſe: “quanquam inter illos in hoc parum conueniret; cùm Anaxagoras infinitas partes ſimi<lb></lb>les poſuiſſet è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> elementa gignerentur; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>apud ipſum ſimpliciores: Empedocles <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> finita <lb></lb>principia recepiſſet, elementa nimirùm, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimpliciora, quàm partes vniformes effeciſſet. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="q̃-uis">qua<lb></lb>uis</expan> Anaxagoras <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpora vniformia voluerit eſſe principia, ignis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & cętera elementa ſint vni<lb></lb>formia; quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in principiis numerati poſſe videantur, & in eo diſcrimen appareat ſolùm <lb></lb>Anaxagoræ & Empedoclis: quòd cùm <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> vniformia velint eſſe principia, Empedocles quattuor <lb></lb>vocata elementa poſuerit ſolùm”, Anaxagoras <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vniuerſa vniformia; tamen vniformia apud Ana<lb></lb>xagoram vel ſenſui ſubiiciebantur, vel ipſum fugiebant; quæ ſenſum fugerent, vniformia volebat eſ<lb></lb>ſe; quæ caderent ſub ſenſus, vniformia potius apparere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> talia reuera forent: proinde illa eſſe prin<lb></lb>cipia quæ ex vniformib. ſenſum fugerent: quare elementa, quæ vulgò vocantur; & ſi in vniformib. <lb></lb></s> <s>reponuntur; quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſenſilia ſunt, ab Anaxagora principia non habentur. </s> <s>Empedocles <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſuit ele<lb></lb>menta principia quæ per ſe cadunt in ſenſum: quanuis, inquam, in hoc diſſentiant, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> & inter ipſos <lb></lb>extat conſenſus item, quae <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> generationem conſtituerunt per congregationem, corruptionem ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3233"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rò per ſecretionem: exiſtimauit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Anaxagoras ſic obiri generationem; quia partes conſimiles quæ <lb></lb>in homoemeria confuſæ propter exiguitatem laterent, ſegregarentur: ex his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> collectis maſſam <lb></lb>quandam conſpicuam gigni, quæ tametſi partes alias infinitas in ſeſe contineret, attamen à ſuperan<lb></lb>te nominaretur. </s> <s>Democritus item conſimili ratione fieri generationem putauit, quippe ex atomo<lb></lb>rum concurſu per inane, qui <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & ipſe ſpecies quædam congregationis eſt. </s> <s>Empedocles itidem eun<lb></lb>dem generationis & corruptionis modum approbaſſe viſus eſt, cùm ſphærum produci amicitia <expan abbr="cũ-cta">cun<lb></lb>cta</expan> confundente diceret, corrumpi verò lite illum diſſoluente, & ſegregante in elementa, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ex ipſius carmine, ſiquis adhuc animis de illius ſententia ſcrupulus hæreret, facilè perſpicitur: in<lb></lb>quit enim ipſe</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3232"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3233"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Natura nec vllius extat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed miſcens generat, perimit, dum ſegregat ista<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Si ergo generatio eſt congregatio: ſegregatio verò, interitus, & corruptio, ex eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fateri <expan abbr="cogũ-tur">cogun<lb></lb>tur</expan>, eſſe alios motus à generatione diſcrepantes; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & alij ſunt qui <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> congregatione, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſe<lb></lb>gregatione ad miniſtrantur, nempe auctio & diminutio, ſi non ea quæ propriè viuentium eſt: at illa <lb></lb>quæ nomine rarefactio & denſatio nuncupatur, quæ ſibi viciſsim nullo nouarum partium interuen<lb></lb>tu, aut earum diſceſſu quę inerant in eadem materia, ſuccedunt. </s> <s>At verò, ſi qualitates ſunt <expan abbr="differẽtiæ">differentiæ</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3234"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ad elementorum eſſentiam pertinent, quemadmodum ipſi fatentur; aut nulla certè erit altera<lb></lb>tio, aut eadem prorſus erit cum generatione: ſiquidem alteratio eſt mutatio ſecundùm qualitates: <lb></lb>at ſi fuerint, vt iſti dicunt, eſſentiæ principia, mutari non poterunt, quin elementa corrumpantur, at<lb></lb>que alia de nouo generentur: ſed cùm elementa non intereant; iſtæ igitur qualitates non corrum<lb></lb>puntur. </s> <s>aut igitur alteratio ſutura non eſt, aut à ſubſtantiæ mutatione non diſtinguetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>ad id <lb></lb>confugere <expan abbr="poſſunt̃">poſſuntur</expan>, quod Græci dicunt, qui primas qualitates elementorum formas eſſe volunt: ete<lb></lb>nim alterationem à generatione diſtinguunt, quoniam elementa apud ipſos non ſunt vera genera<lb></lb>tionis initia, verùm adhuc in materiam primam diſſoluuntur: cùm cęteroquin primordia ſimplici<lb></lb>ter poſita ſint ab Antiquis. </s> <s>Idem planè contingeret in eorum ſententia, ſi ponerent elementa princi<lb></lb>pia ſimpliciter, aut materiam ipſam primam ex hiſce conſtitui differentiis. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt inter Antiquos <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> conſtet, vt ponant quidem alium motum ab ipſa generatione diuerſum; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ex iis quæ illi adiun<lb></lb>gunt, eum motum non conſeruent; cùm aliqui ſint qui <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per congregationem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſegrega<lb></lb>tionem fiant: prætereà non poſsint ſtatuere motum ſecundùm quale, quin illicò ponant <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm ſubſtantiam, quandò apud ipſos qualitates differentiæ ſint quæ conſtituant eſſentiam, <pb pagenum="539"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3235"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neque pręter ea quorum differentiæ ſunt; aliud ſubiectum prius ipſis dari poſsit. </s> <s>Et quanuis id pa<lb></lb>teat ſatis in Empedoclis & Anaxagoræ ſententia; poteſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illis addi Democritus, qui cùm alteratio<lb></lb>nem fieri exiſtimaret .i. </s> <s>diuerſas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> contrarias qualitates in reb. quæ natura conſtarent, ſecum <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> inſpiceret; arbitratus eſt eas non diſtingui per qualitates; ſed quia nob. </s> <s>ita apparerent. </s> <s>ap<lb></lb>parere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> è diuerſa ſuarum <expan abbr="atomorũ">atomorum</expan> poſitura: quamobrem magis ipſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cæteri remouit alteratio<lb></lb>nem è medio: ſiquidem mutatio poſituræ non eſt alteratio. </s> <s>Et eſt igitur alteratio quæ mutatio qua<lb></lb>litatis eſt, & <expan abbr="gñatio">generatio</expan>; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corruptio quę ſunt mutationes ſubſtantiæ; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> quem Heraclitus, <lb></lb>& alij nonnulli poſuerunt, qui partem oppoſitam defendentes, aut aſsiduè <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan>, <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb>verò quietem; aut <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="gñationem">generationem</expan>, nullorum verò firmitatem ſtatuerunt: nam de corruptione non <lb></lb>ab omnib. eadem <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> recepta eſt: cùm aliqui ſint, qui id quod genitum eſt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quondam corrumpi <lb></lb>velint: alij & id perpetuum fieri poſſe; inter quos Heſiodus eſt qui primum dixit Chaos eſſe geni<lb></lb>tum: dein <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Deo ſex eo produxit, qui futuri ſunt immortales: & Plato <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ex Timæo mundum <lb></lb>ſic ſe habere teſtatus eſt. </s> <s>Heraclitus igitur omnia fluere, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> idem per aliquod tempus perma<lb></lb>nere defendebat, pręter illud primum quod integrum ſemper conſeruari autumauit; erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ignis <lb></lb>infinitus, vſque adeò vt eundem <expan abbr="equũ">equum</expan> bis idem flumen tranare poſſe non crediderit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed quid ego <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3236"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Heraclitum <expan abbr="cõmemoro">commemoro</expan>? </s> <s>cùm Cratylus digitum moueret, & ipſum obiurgaret, qui dixiſſet bis in <expan abbr="eũ-">eun<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3237"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="fluuiũ">fluuium</expan> non poſſe quenquam intrare; cùm ne ſemel quidem poſſet? </s> <s>quaſi verò natura quodcun<lb></lb>que producit, id ea gratia producat, vt quamprimum interimat; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="maneãt">maneant</expan> aliqua corpora in ſuis <lb></lb>locis ſecundùm naturam; <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>non niſi vi maxima diuellantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> adeò vt non amplius ea mira <lb></lb>videri queant quæ de Protei tam varia ſpecie poëtę fabulantur, vbi vinculis teneatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3234"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3235"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3236"></margin.target>a 4. Met. <lb></lb>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3237"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Fiet enim ſus horridus, <expan abbr="atraq́ue">atraque</expan> tigris</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Squamoſaq́ue">Squamoſaque</expan> draco, & fulua ceruice leęna<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aut acrem flammæ ſonitum dabit; atque ita vinclis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Excidet, aut in aquas tenues dilapſus abibit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ille <expan abbr="qñq.">quinque</expan> quieſcit, vt tandem reddat: vir Heracliti ſemper immutatur, & veſperi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt am<lb></lb>plius, quod fuerat mane. </s> <s>Et vt in rebus ſeriis intereà iocemur, optimè quidem ei qui magnum auri <lb></lb>pondus ab amico benignè mutuum ſumpſerit, vt <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> addantur, vt inquit ille poëta <expan abbr="cãdidiſsimus">candidiſsimus</expan>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Cicutæ </s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nodo ſi tabulæ centum, <expan abbr="milleq́ue">milleque</expan> catenæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Effugiet tamen hæc ſceleratus vincula Proteus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Cùm rapies in ius malis ridentem alienis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Fiet aper modò auis, modò ſaxum, &, cùm volet, arbor<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3238"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3238"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ex <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cautionib. & formulis, & ſyngraphis, & tabulis elabetur <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille ſit; quia non ille <lb></lb>ſit qui <expan abbr="mutuũ">mutuum</expan> acceperit. </s> <s>Euge, bone Heraclite, pulchrum commentum, & <expan abbr="cõſilium">conſilium</expan> callidum. </s> <s>Sed ad <lb></lb>ſeria redeamus. </s> <s>Alij componunt <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> corpus ex planis, & in ea diſſoluentes ipſum, cuncta generatio<lb></lb>ni obnoxia fore <expan abbr="profitẽtur">profitentur</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm nobis & <expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan> aliqua manere ſignificat, nec vniuerſa <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>; & aliqua <lb></lb>ſanè gigni. </s> <s>ſed vtrum'ne omnia, an <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ea quę genita ſunt, perpetua reddi poſsint; licet ſenſus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="oſtẽ-dat">oſten<lb></lb>dat</expan>; rationes tamen Peripateticè procedentibus optimè in hac philoſophia confirmare poterunt.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra componentes corpora è planis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SATIS verò nobis eſſet nunc, ſi demonſtratum ſit eſſe generationem & corruptionem quę à cę<lb></lb>teris mutationibus diſtinguantur, ſiue in omnib. ſiue in quibuſdam nihil refert; vt perbelle poſsi<lb></lb>mus inſtituere diſputationem <expan abbr="propoſitã">propoſitam</expan>; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hac præcedente notitia quæſtiones illas aggredi è qua<lb></lb>rum ſolutione contingit ſcire. </s> <s>Sed ne quid nos inter eas in dagandas offendere, aut interturbare poſ<lb></lb>ſit; breuiter excutiamus illud <expan abbr="cõmentum">commentum</expan> propter <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> <expan abbr="patronorũ">patronorum</expan> quo defenditur, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> corpo<lb></lb>ra gigni ex planis: ſimul <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fiet, vt non <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan>, ſed aliquorum duntaxat generationem eſſe cognoſca<arrow.to.target n="marg3239"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus, & viam ſtruamus ad ea quæ de cęteris Peripatetici profeſsi ſunt: multum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> confert hic ſermo <lb></lb>ad æternorum naturam veſtigandam quæ certe ſi non plurima, at præſtantiſsima pars ſunt metho<lb></lb>di naturalis. </s> <s>Qui ergo corpora componi volunt ex planis, præter id, quòd euertunt fundamenta di<lb></lb>ſciplinę Mathematicæ, quorum ſumma perſpicuitas eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtantia">conſtantia</expan>, <expan abbr="quæq́">quæque</expan>. </s> <s>repudiari non debeat, <lb></lb>niſi certiorib. rationib. è medio tollatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="opinant̃">opinantur</expan> prætereà quantum <expan abbr="cõponi">componi</expan> ex indiuiduis, ſiue <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <lb></lb>eiuſdem vt lineam è lineis, ſeu diuerſę, vt lineam è punctis. </s> <s>quod ab Ariſt. </s> <s>longo ſermone <expan abbr="confutatũ">confutatum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt in libris de motu generatim, ſpeciatim verò in libris de cęlo, & primo de ortu, vberrimè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in li<lb></lb>bello de lineis inſectibilib. aduerſus Anaxagoram peroratum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò in libris de motu mathe<lb></lb>maticè, quod putaret aliquis cernens ibi nullam haberi rationem materiæ ſenſilis, quod ſuum ipſius <lb></lb>eſt phyſices, alibi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Phyſicè. </s> <s>Nam quae ea ſit ſpeculatio naturalis hæc me perſuadent, primùm finis <lb></lb>tractationis: etenim de natura continui diſſeritur propter notitiam motus, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod eſt propoſitum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3240"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>methodi naturalis. </s> <s>Prætereà indemonſtrabile eſt apud mathematicum magnitudinem diuidi in di<lb></lb>midia, & quæritur de ratione inueniendi dimidium. </s> <s>Si hoc apud mathematicum eſt principium, <lb></lb>multò magis illud per quod hoc probatur. </s> <s>Sed hoc probatur per id quòd continuum non diuiditur <pb pagenum="540"></pb>in indiuidua, vtputa, ſi ſic diuideretur, partes æquales eſſe poſſent, & inæquales; vbi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inæquales, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3241"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ibi dimidium nullum. </s> <s>Ergo, ſi continui finita diuiſio tollit principia mathematica; contrà negantes <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> principia non eſt diſputandum, niſi in <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> methodo, aut in ſubalternante. </s> <s>Si per hanc propoſitio<lb></lb>nem probantur principia mathematices, non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> demonſtrare mathematicus in infinitum diuidi <expan abbr="cõ-tinuũ">con<lb></lb>tinuum</expan>, ſed in hoc ſubalternatur naturali. </s> <s>Nec quanuis omittatur materia ſenſilis, idcirco non eſt phi<lb></lb>loſophus naturalis, reſpicitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> finis tractationis qui eſt, vt hęc accommodentur ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan>: <lb></lb>prætereà <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> methodus aſſumit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="intelligendã">intelligendam</expan>, vt <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> docuimus. </s> <s>Ergo continuum ſemper <lb></lb><expan abbr="diuiduũ">diuiduum</expan>; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> reſoluitur in <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> cum apud <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, tum apud mathematicum, & <lb></lb>multò minus toleratur in naturalib. quæ formis mathematicis addunt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan>, quæ è ſenſilib. <lb></lb></s> <s>qualitatib. neceſſariò conſtat. </s> <s>At cùm hæ ſint vel ſimplices & primę; vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſteriores, & quaſi com<lb></lb>poſitę; ac ſimplices conſimilium <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> eſſe videantur; <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> diuiduæ ſunt, vel <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vel <expan abbr="ſe-cundũ">ſe<lb></lb>cundum</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & per accidens: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt niſi <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> hiſce modis ſecari poſsint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſint <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſenſi<lb></lb>les; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>nec qualitates. </s> <s>per accidens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt propter ſubiectum, quo conſiſtunt. </s> <s>ob id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & ſubſtan<lb></lb>tias naturales diuidi poſſe neceſſe eſt, & eas item quas ipſi primas exiſtimant, & elementa. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cùmq́">Cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>ea<lb></lb>dem ſit proportio plani ad corpus, ac lineæ ad <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan>, & puncti ad <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan>: veluti corpus, ipſorum qui<lb></lb>dem ſententia, <expan abbr="cõponitur">componitur</expan> è planis; ita planum è lineis & rurſum <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> è punctis conflari oportet: quae <expan abbr="ſi-quodcunq.">ſi<lb></lb>quodcunque</expan> eſt in iis quæ compoſita ſunt, id componentib. ipſis (ſi id de materiæ partib. quæ inter ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3242"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõponuntur">componuntur</expan>, prędicare fas eſt; nam quæ componunt efficientia ſunt) multò prius eſt tribuendum: er<lb></lb>go ſi grauitas, aut leuitas ineſt in corporib. naturalib. illam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in planis & lineis, & punctis ineſ<lb></lb>ſe neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>ab oppoſito igitur cum in puncto grauitas, aut leuitas nulla ſit: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item hæc ineſſe <lb></lb>poterunt in corporib. ipſis, quę conflantur è punctis. </s> <s>Verùm latet fortaſſe nos punctum leuitatem <lb></lb>habens, euolat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neque premens afficit ſenſum; at quae grauitatem non habeat; ex eo concludi facilè <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s>quoniam omne id quod graue eſt, etiam aliquo grauius eſſe <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>: at id quod grauius eſt, <lb></lb>diuidi poteſt; nam ſicuti poſuimus anteà, omne id quod excedit, in duas partes ſecatur, in id quod <lb></lb>ſuperatur, & id quo ſuperat. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi punctum graue eſt: grauius igitur, quare etiam diuiduum. </s> <s>Mul<lb></lb>tę item qualitates graui & leui comitantur, pręter cęteras verò rarum & denſum, molle & durum: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> graue denſum eſſe ſolet: rarum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod eſt leue: molle verò & <expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan> ipſius grauis ſunt af<lb></lb>fectiones: ideò punctum, ſi graue fuerit, aut leue; rarum aut denſum erit; <expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan> item aut molle. </s> <s>atqui <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> hæ qualitates aliquam rationem diuiſionis præſeferunt: quare conſequetur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> punctum fore di<lb></lb>uiduum: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rarum eſt, aut denſum, certam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> partium poſituram ſignificat: cùm denſum <lb></lb>illud ſit, vbi ſub æqua mole plura ſunt corpora, <expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan>, vbi pauciora; & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> per mo<lb></lb>lem definitur, quæ per ſe affert diuiſionem, molle <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quod cedit; <expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan>, quod reſiſtit: at cedere & reſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3243"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtere ſunt affectiones eius, quod aliquam habeat quantitatem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò grauitas aut leuitas ſunt <expan abbr="q́-dam">q<lb></lb>dam</expan> facultates, quę poteſtatem materiæ conſequantur, & exordiantur à formę virtute quæ eſt in <expan abbr="cõ-poſito">con<lb></lb>poſito</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> apud Ariſt. </s> <s>ex quo efficiatur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi ſeorſum graues non ſint, aut leues: <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>quia tales virtute ſunt, eam actu explicant in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>: verùm actu ſolùm affectiones exiſtunt quæ <lb></lb>conſimiliter ſe <expan abbr="hñt">habent</expan> in principiis <expan abbr="cõponentib">componentib</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in compoſitis, vt ſolùm <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> tantundem ex iis <lb></lb>in ſe contineant. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="cõponuntur">componuntur</expan>, quemadmodum aceruus <expan abbr="frumẽti">frumenti</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> pondus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> ſigillatim <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> grani pondus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non poſſunt ipſi, niſi fingere velint, è non grauib. gra<lb></lb>ue conſtituere; quae ſi graue eſt id ex quo corpora fiunt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cogetur <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> habere gra<lb></lb>uitatem. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> grauitas cum alia <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> conferatur, ipſam ſuperare poterit; ergo grauitate aliqua ſupe<lb></lb>rabit. </s> <s>componitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt dictum eſt, excellens ex eo quod ſuperatur, & quo ſuperat; ſi igitur hæc à <expan abbr="pũ-cto">pun<lb></lb>cto</expan> proficiſcitur; & graue aliud vincat vnico puncto. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, non <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> naſcitur à puncto; ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſi <lb></lb>grauitas inhærebit. </s> <s>Mitto nunc, vt <expan abbr="cõponant">componant</expan> illi corpora è planis; quia valeat potius aduerſus <expan abbr="hoĩes">homines</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> contra rem ipſam quam nos in præſentia ſummo ſtudio perſequimur. </s> <s>etenim cùm duplex <expan abbr="cõpoſi-tio">compoſi<lb></lb>tio</expan> ſit, plani, & lineæ, vel ſecundùm ſua <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> extrema, lineæ quidem <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> puncta, plani verò <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> lineas, vel <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> eam dimenſionem infra <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> proximè conſiſtunt, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>appellat <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3244"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> latitudinem, qualis eſt in linea latitudo, altitudo in plano. </s> <s>in prima quidem illa <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-tingit">con<lb></lb>tingit</expan> fieri maius, at in hac poſteriore, nihil minus. </s> <s>Platonici verò, contrà quos inſtituta eſt hæc diſpu<lb></lb>tatio, ſolùm mentionem faciunt de prima <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan>. </s> <s>ſi igitur <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſola hæc compoſitio ſit, ab illis <lb></lb>ita ponitur; decipiuntur, & grauiter errant. </s> <s>ſi alteram faciunt: at ſic id quod inde producetur, erit <lb></lb>corpus quod non fuerit <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex elementis, ſiue id ex eo conſequatur, quod elementum & <lb></lb>id quod conſtat ex elementis, eorum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, priore <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> componatur, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia compoſitio illa non <lb></lb>faciat genus vllum corporum ex his quæ ſunt apud nos: omne <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt aut elementum, aut ex elemen<lb></lb>tis: ſed non ita compoſitum, quia <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan>: ergo ſi ita compoſitum, non <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan>: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex elementis, quia manifeſtè <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> exiſtunt. </s> <s>Aut igitur in puncto grauitas ponenda eſt, & ſin<lb></lb>gulis planis è quorum multitudine, aut inopia grauius, aut minus graue fiat; nec vllo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan>, leue niſi <lb></lb>comparatè; aut erunt & planorum alia quidem leuia, nonnulla <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> grauia. </s> <s><expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> par ſit, vti poſui<lb></lb>mus, & plani ad corpus, & lineæ ad planum, ac puncti ad lineam: profecto <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc ſubinde cor<lb></lb>pus diſſoluetur, & ex eiſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conflabitur. </s> <s>atqui non fit corpus ex his, nulla igitur erit magni<lb></lb>tudo, ſed puncta ſolùm, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> per ſe quantum coagmentari non poteſt. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de tempore <pb pagenum="541"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3245"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pronunciare licebit, erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inſtans ſolùm, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ita ſe <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> hoc ad tempus, veluti punctus ad lineam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idẽ-que">Idem<lb></lb>que</expan> valet aduerſus Pythagoræos qui cęlum componunt è numeris: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>graue erit, aut leue; quin <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> corpus; quia numerus nil aliud eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> repetitio vnitatum quæ per ſe ſunt indiuiduæ; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſunt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi infinitæ accumulentur; efficere graue, quia non ſunt graues, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> corpus; quia ſecari non <lb></lb>poſſunt. </s> <s>Si igitur, vt eò redeamus, vnde digreſsi ſumus; ea ſunt quæ generantur; & hæc ita generan<lb></lb>tur, quia conflentur ex planis: non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> verò, ne nulla dixerim, gignuntur è planis: patet iam non om<lb></lb>nia generari. </s> <s>erit igitur aliquorum generatio, licet fortaſſe non omnium. </s> <s>id quod ab initio conclu<lb></lb>dere inſtituimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3239"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3240"></margin.target>b 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3241"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3242"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3243"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3244"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3245"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Variæ notiones elementi recenſentur; & elementum definitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò, ſi generatio eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem corporum, non eſt idcirco quòd eam totius corporis <lb></lb>eſſe ſuſpicemur, vt quod .ſ. </s> <s>generatur, cùm poſtea ſit, corpus non fuerit, quanuis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> potentia fo<lb></lb>ret: nam ſi ita ſit, vacuum per ſe conſiſtens ponere oportebit, quod excipiat <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> corpus de nouo <lb></lb>productum, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> olim rationib. efficaciſsimis exploſum eſt. </s> <s>Quapropter & actu corpus ex alio <lb></lb>corpore, quod itidem ex alio corpore quod actu ſit, producetur: ſed hoc vbi de generationis <expan abbr="elemẽ-">elemen<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3246"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis agemus, accuratius explanabitur. </s> <s>Interim, quia corpus eſt quod generatur, <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corpus, aut ele<lb></lb>mentum eſt, aut ex elementis. </s> <s>id verò quod ex elementis eſt, ex elementorum cognitione noteſcit; <lb></lb>ad eorum igitur intelligentiam quæ ex elementis conflata ſunt, de elementis ante alia diſſeremus, <lb></lb>quod item eò libentius à nob. </s> <s>efficietur, quo elementi tractatio ad alia multa conducet quæ de mo<lb></lb>tib. corporum naturalium dicenda poſthac ſuperſunt. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> elementi vim generaliter aperie<lb></lb>mus: deinde ad prima corporum elementa tranſibimus. </s> <s>Elementum igitur, vt ab eius <expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> princi<lb></lb>piis exordiar, quædam cauſſæ ſpecies eſt, cauſſa verò <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>. </s> <s>Quamobrem explicandum quid ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>. </s> <s>cùm verò ſint hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> multiplicia; non eſt, quae vniuocam definitionem ſigillatim expecte<lb></lb>mus, ſed <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> fortaſſe, verùm <expan abbr="ambiguã">ambiguam</expan>: ita vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex eo, quae vnica oratione poſsit explicari, id'nam eſ<lb></lb>ſe ſubſtantiam iudicare oporteat. </s> <s>Ergo principium id <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan>, vt ſit in ſuo genere primum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vel vnde fit, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vnde cognoſcitur quippiam: idcirco hypotheſes demonſtrationis principia <lb></lb>dicuntur, cùm ex iis conluſio cognoſcatur; <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>opera in notitiam attributi cuiuſpiam <expan abbr="veniam9">veniamus</expan>, <lb></lb>quatenus illius cauſſas nob. </s> <s>patefaciunt: proinde principium in ipſa cognitione duplex: vel cogni<lb></lb>tionis tantùm; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc accidens eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt motus in methodo naturali, tranſmutationes, & functio<lb></lb>nes, per quas cognoſcimus materiam, aut formam, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſt principium rei, hoc verò cauſſa eſt, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3247"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex quo. </s> <s>primum illud ab Ariſt doctrinæ principium appellatur, hoc verò rei: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illud non eſt na<lb></lb>tura primum, & eiuſmodi à quo pendeant aliqua, ſed vt eius auxilio tantummodò cognoſcantur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> noſtri diſtinguunt ea quorum ope doctrina paratur, per quod, & eſt cauſſa, in quo, & eſt acci<lb></lb>dens, etiam principium rei multiplex, vt ab initio iii. </s> <s>dictum eſt, ſiue neceſſarium ſit, ſeu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſa<lb></lb>rium, vt vnde melius eò perueniamus, quo volumus: tale, n. </s> <s>principium dicitur quod ad commodi<lb></lb>tatem eſt, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad neceſsitatem: quae ſine illo fortaſſe finem, non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmodè">commodè</expan> ſatis adipiſci poſſemus, <lb></lb>vt ſi iter facturo tollutim gradiatur equus, placida illa vectio principium itineris boni probè nuncu<lb></lb>pabitur. </s> <s>Eſt & à quo fit primùm id quod fit, vt principium magnitudinis & itineris; illud quidem, <lb></lb>vnde <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> primò conſtitutum eſt viuens, cępit incrementum: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpatij terminus, vnde cœpit <lb></lb>motus, cui reſpondet initium <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan>: ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, quia conſequitur motum, inter principia ab Ariſt. </s> <s>deſcri<lb></lb>pta <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> locum non inuenit. </s> <s>Eſt & principium, à quo fit, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aut actu eſt, aut perfectione <expan abbr="quodãmo-">quodammo<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3248"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do, quam entelechian appellamus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id rurſus duplex: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rei pars eſt, aut manet extra rem quę <lb></lb>fit, <foreign lang="grc">ἐξαίρετον</foreign> Græci vocant, quod item nonmodò à re, ſed à materia prorſus ſeparatum eſſe contin<lb></lb>git, & vniuerſale perhibetur ante multa, in modo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> finis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>collocatum. </s> <s>Ex hoc eodem ordi<lb></lb>ne eſt efficiens de quo multa dicta ſunt olim, quod habens ſpeciem rei quæ futura eſt, mouet mate<lb></lb>riam <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> dum illi finem impoſuerit, ſiue agens ſit naturale, quemadmodum ignis, ſiue etiam volun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3249"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tarium vt mens, & eorum inſtrumenta, ſeu mediæ quædam operationes, vt mentis ipſius conſilium, <lb></lb>quæ ſane, quia media ſunt, geminam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> obtinuerunt, & efficientis, cùm per illa finem adipiſca<lb></lb>tur id quod primò mouit, & ita ſe habeant, vt ex primo poſterius oriatur, quaſi paries ex <expan abbr="fundamẽ-to">fundamen<lb></lb>to</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> finis. </s> <s>nam & hæc à præcedentib. appetuntur; quanquam non, vt ea per ſe <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>expetan<lb></lb>tur, ſed per aliud. </s> <s>finis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſe per ſe <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>expetatur. </s> <s>At rei partes ſunt nauigij carina <expan abbr="fundamẽ-ta">fundamen<lb></lb>ta</expan> domus, & cor animalis. </s> <s>vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hæc principia generationis habenda ſunt, quae ab illis reliqua gene<lb></lb>rantur, non tanquam ab illis obtinentia <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſed quia ſine illis eſſe non poſsint: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quanuis & alia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3250"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fortaſſe ratio ſit carinæ in naui, fundamentorum in ædib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> cordis in animali: ſupponuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illa <lb></lb>ſolùm naui, & domui: cor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nonmodò ſupponitur, verumetiam ab eo reliqua membra <expan abbr="pronaſcũ-tur">pronaſcun<lb></lb>tur</expan>, eorum materia per ipſum tranſlata, & alterata <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia continet illam <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> medici forma<lb></lb>tricem vocant. </s> <s>Eſt & finis principium, cuius gratia mouentur ea quæ mouentur, ſicuti princeps aut <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> artes quarum in cęteras eſt <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan>, appellantur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Architectonicæ. </s> <s>Architectatrices vocare lati<lb></lb>nè concedatur; cùm illæ quibus imperant, comites & miniſtræ dicantur, <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> verò quæ boni ratio<lb></lb>nem habent, verùm ſit, ſiue apparens, nil in præſentia refert, quantum ſpectat ad motum. </s> <s>Vnde verò <pb pagenum="542"></pb>res eſt, ſunt materia & forma, quandò ex illis remanentib. conſtituitur. </s> <s>Cauſſæ verò & ſi principia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3251"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, non tamen cum principiis commutantur, vt quicquid principium eſt, protinus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cauſſa haben<lb></lb>da ſit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> principium cognitionis cauſſa non eſt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item principium magnitudinis, cùm primę <lb></lb>auctiones ab alio fiant, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus principium temporis, fortè ædificij <expan abbr="fundamentũ">fundamentum</expan>, aut nauis <lb></lb>carina cauſſa ſunt, quia ſunt partes toto priores, & eſſentiam ſpectant: quicquid ſic de his, <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> quat<lb></lb>tuor capita conſtituit Ariſt. </s> <s>non ſpecies, vt vulgò, ſed <foreign lang="grc">τρόπους</foreign> & modos: nam ſpecie differentia non <lb></lb>ſunt vnum numero: cauſſę vnum ſæpè ſunt numero, quae idem ſolet eſſe finis, efficiens, & forma, etiam <lb></lb>vnum numero ex materia & forma conficitur. </s> <s>Sed de his cùm aliàs abundè dictum ſit, iam venia<lb></lb>mus ad <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan>. </s> <s>Elementi verò <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> illud eſſe cenſetur, vt ſit id <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> quod primum <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> ineſt: <lb></lb>ideò, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in alias ſpecies ſecatur, & mole paruum, & vnum maximè, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſimplex eſt: ob eam cauſ<lb></lb>ſam maximè <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan>: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimplex eſt; ad plura poteſtatem habet, quàm id quod iam <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex quo ſuſpicari quis facilè poſſet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hanc proprietatem habere locum in ſeparatis à materia: Proin<lb></lb>de dictum eas plura cognoſcere, quæ ſunt ſimpliciores. </s> <s>At nos opinamur hanc ſententiam fuiſſe Phi<lb></lb>loſophi, quo ſimpliciores ſunt, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aſpirare magis ad vnum, & quod hoc loco accipimus, ad <lb></lb>materiale principium ſpectare credimus. </s> <s>Præcipuè verò elementum, id ex quo primo, cùm ineſt per <lb></lb>ſe, tanquam indiuiduo ſecundùm ſpeciem componitur; & in quod diſſoluitur vltimum: ita dieſis, <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3252"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vocum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſenſilium minima eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in aliam quampiam vocis ſpeciem diſſolui poteſt, elemen<lb></lb>tum vocis exiſtimatur. </s> <s>dicuntur & elementa primæ illæ demonſtrationes apud Mathematicos, è qui <lb></lb>bus aliæ multæ deducuntur & illæ demum, quæ primis trib. terminis medio vacantib. conſtant, & ef<lb></lb>ficiunt proſyllogiſmum: vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de elementis Euclidis volumen inſcriptum eſt, eo quòd è propoſi<lb></lb>tionibus, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> demonſtrationib. conflatæ ſunt, & in propoſitiones, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> demonſtrationes alias <lb></lb>diſſoluuntur. </s> <s>litteræ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> elementa ſyllabarum perbellè dicuntur; & genera item elementa ſunt de<lb></lb>finitionis & ſpeciei: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>in aliud littere <expan abbr="diſſoluunt̃">diſſoluuntur</expan>: ideò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> componuntur, & genera priora ſunt, <lb></lb>cùm ex genere differentiæ pullulent: genus verò ex differentiis nequaquam. </s> <s>Ab antiquis item <expan abbr="elemẽ-ta">elemen<lb></lb>ta</expan> dicta ſunt quattuor illa corpora; aër, aqua, ignis, & terra, quae ex his alia corpora conſtituta ſint. </s> <s>Om<lb></lb>nino verò eadem eſt ratio compoſitionis & diſſolutionis: in eadem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> diſſoluitur, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ab<lb></lb>initio concretum eſt; & <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> per ſe. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò confletur ex iis quę actum ſuum conſeruent: <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omnib. generale eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> facilè explicari poteſt: <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eadem in vniuerſis ratio <expan abbr="cõpoſitionis">compoſitionis</expan> <lb></lb>eſt; aliter <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è corporib. ſimplicib. conflatum eſt vniuerſum; & compoſitum ex materia & forma; ac <lb></lb>mixtum è quattuor elementis. </s> <s>vnum illud ſolum <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> decerni poſſe conſtat: nullam <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-poſitionem">con<lb></lb>poſitionem</expan> ſine <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actu perfici, ſi fuerit per ſe: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>ex actu & poteſtate componitur hoc <lb></lb>aliquid per ſe, ſed materia ſenſilis & accidentia formæ, velut conſequentia ſuperueniunt. </s> <s>ſpeciatim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3253"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò trib. modis habitudo quę eſt poteſtatis ad actum, variari conſpicitur: vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt poteſtas æquè <lb></lb>in principiis omnib. componentib. ad vnum actum qui terminus eſt eorum compoſitionis, & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, <lb></lb>vel vniuerſum appellatur: ita reſp. è plurib. ciuib. vna conſtituta eſt, & vrbs vna è plurib. ędificiis, & <lb></lb>ſi non apta exempla videantur, quae in rep. requiratur ordo, ſpecta aceruum <expan abbr="frumẽti">frumenti</expan>, qui vnus eſt è plu<lb></lb>rib. granis. </s> <s>hoc pacto vna vnius vniuerſi forma, cuius eſt eſſentię coniunctio, quam ſequitur ipſa vni<lb></lb>uerſitas. </s> <s>ita partes ſunt in potentia in toto: totum verò actu eſt, & totius domus actus eſt vltima te<lb></lb>gula, quia cum hac vltima parte totius eſſentia conſiſtit. </s> <s>vel ſecundò cùm vna pars, ſi cum altera <expan abbr="cõ-feratur">con<lb></lb>feratur</expan>, <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> potentiæ ſolius habet, altera verò ſolius actus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex his vera compoſitio manat, in <lb></lb>qua per ſe, & verè vnum eſt id, quod ex illis conflatur. </s> <s>vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tertio modo, cùm partes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> inter ſe <expan abbr="v-tranq.">v<lb></lb>tranque</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> obtinuerunt, & è talib. pullulat mixtum, Quamobrem triplex <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> genus ex hi<lb></lb>ſce compoſitionib. apparet, primò quidem ipſa materia, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Antiqui neſciuerunt, quæ potentia ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia eſt, deinde quattuor corpora ſimplicia, reliqua verò metaphoricè potius elementa nuncupa<lb></lb>ta ſunt. </s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>materia ſic definita eſt. </s> <s>Primùm, ex quo, cùm inſit, fit id quod fit, per ſe, & <lb></lb>in quod abit extremum. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> illa vox [ex] <expan abbr="multifariã">multifariam</expan> accipiatur, vt ex die nox, & ex puero vir, <lb></lb>quod valet idem ac poſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item, vt ex oppoſito, quemadmodum ex nigro album, ac tertiò, vt ab <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3254"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>efficiente, velut ex homine homo, & contumelijs ſeditio; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ita dicitur fieri quippiam ex materia, <lb></lb>tanquam ſubiecto, ſicut è ligno ſcamnum: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe habet lignum ad ſcamnum, vt carens forma ſcam<lb></lb>ni, & rude cùm ſit, accipiat ipſam, ex qua & ligno poſteà fiat vnum per ſe quod dicitur ſcamnum; & <lb></lb>generatim, quod eſt potentia tale, quale aliud eſt, quod poſteà genitum eſt, hoc verò eſt corpus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>illud quidem naturale: quandoquidem & materia per ſe diſtantiam habet quæ poteſtate quantum <lb></lb>eſt; quantum verò actu, cùm terminatur à forma: hoc verò corpus eſt, veluti poſthàc explanabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materia ſit ſubiectum tranſmutationis; id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> natura; ab hac corpus erit neceſſariò natura<lb></lb>le: proptereà primum erit, quaſi principium quod omnib. aliis cauſsis ſupponatur, cùm poteſtas il<lb></lb>la ſit quæ ad actum deducenda eſt, ex quo tamen, tanquam ſubiecto fit corpus naturale; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi <lb></lb>antecedit efficiens, at non eſt id ex quo, tanquam ſubiecto: forma verò & finis non antecedunt, niſi <lb></lb>quatenus idem eſſentia cum efficiente finis & forma ſunt: & tametſi materiæ priuatio comitatur; <lb></lb>quia tamen aboletur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ſup̃ſtes">ſuperſtes</expan> eſt in re quæ facta eſt; fieri dicitur id quod fit ex materia, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>ſupſtite: Fit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non eſt: nam <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>formam ſolam eſt, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> corpus naturale, <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe verò quandò in <lb></lb>re genita <expan abbr="ſup̃eſſe">ſupereſſe</expan> poſſunt, quæ inſunt item <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> in re quæ corrupta eſt, quemadmodum humor, vbi <pb pagenum="543"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3255"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aqua ſit aër, aut ſiccitas, cùm ex igni ſit terra: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in re facta vnà exiſſunt, non tamen ſub<lb></lb>iecti locum habent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> rei quæ genita eſt, partes habentur: in eam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diſſoluitur id quod <expan abbr="corrũ-pitur">corrun<lb></lb>pitur</expan>: quoniam ſola materia <expan abbr="ſupeſt">ſupereſt</expan> aboleta forma, & commutata cum priuatione: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe: nam <lb></lb>ſiqua <expan abbr="ſup̨ſunt">ſuperſunt</expan> alia, hæc ſunt p accidens, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>alteram formam conſequuntur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>materia <lb></lb>poſt corruptionem prorſus ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma ſeparatur, ſed vnius corruptio alterius <expan abbr="ſe;mp̃">ſemper</expan> eſt generatio. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb>inde generatio & corruptio ſunt mutationes totius, quia mutatio ſpectatur ex partib. vniuerſis, ex <lb></lb>quib. <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe corpus natura conſtitutum eſt, quæ duæ ſunt, forma <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> & materia, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> altera <expan abbr="abeũ-te">abeun<lb></lb>te</expan> <expan abbr="ſup̃ſtes">ſuperſtes</expan> eſt ſola materia; quo fit, vt accedente noua forma, non ſit amplius illud totum, quod an<lb></lb>tea fuerat. </s> <s>ex ea verò corpus naturale quod fit primum, in alia corpora ſpecie diuerſa diſſolui non <lb></lb>poteſt; idcirco aliquas elementi conditiones habet, quia .ſ. </s> <s>in alia ſpecie diuerſa diſſolui nequit. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> <lb></lb>.n. diuiditur in materiam & formam, quæ <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe ſpecies non exiſtunt; licet iunctæ ſimul efficiant ſpe<lb></lb>ciem: quae ſi in aliis corporib. inſit, vt in ipſum alia reſolui queant, iam protinus erit elementum: huiuſ<lb></lb>modi verò quattuor eſſe conſentiunt omnes propè philoſophi, aërem, aquam, ignem, & terram: idcir<lb></lb>co erit corpus primum ex quo fient, & in quod diſſoluentur alia corpora naturalia, de quo nos in <lb></lb>præſentia diſputare conſtituimus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3256"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3246"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3247"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3248"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3249"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3250"></margin.target>b 2. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3251"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3252"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3253"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3254"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3255"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3256"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Numerus elementorum perquiritur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVATTVOR hæc quæ cum cæteris philoſophis elementa nuncupamus, corpora quidem <lb></lb>ſunt, quandò ex materia & forma conſtant, è quarum coniunctione proximè exoritur quanti<lb></lb>tas; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiæ, formęúe rationem <expan abbr="obtinebũt">obtinebunt</expan>; erunt verò prima, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ex ſimplici materia & for<lb></lb>ma conſtituta ſunt ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> corpora ſanè, non ſyllabę, aut voces, aut concluſiones, ſicut ex aliis ele<lb></lb>mentorum modis efficiuntur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia corpora quæ cùm ex elementis conſtent, non amplius ſimpli<lb></lb>cia, ſed compoſita ſunt: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam à cęlo diſtincta: quod & ſi primum corpus eſt; non <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>ex materia & forma conflatum, nec eiuſmodi, vt ex eo fiat aliud; & quemadmodum compoſita ex <lb></lb>elementis primò conflantur, ſic in elementa primò diſſoluuntur: ita <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vt cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex materia primò <lb></lb>conſtituantur, & in eam habeant extremam, primò ex elementis fiant corpora compoſita, & ex ma<lb></lb>teria primò: ſed ex materia primò .i. </s> <s>ante omnia, ex elementis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proximè, ſiue <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id natura, ſeu <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, aliàs explorandum. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt; quoniam eſt ratio par compoſitionis & diſſolutionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id & remotius in quod corpora diſſoluuntur, eſt materia, ita & id erit elementum in quod diſ<lb></lb>ſoluetur compoſitum primò; hoc eſt proximè; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> adhuc ſupereſt alia reſolutio corporis ſimplicis <lb></lb>in materiam primam quę vtrum'ne in omni tranſmutatione neceſſariò requiratur, an non poſthàc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3257"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>videndum eſt. </s> <s>Sed vtrum'ne cùm diſtinguatur elementum à materia <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> & remota, diſtinguatur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>à proxima, an potius proxima ſit elementum, mox ſpectemus. </s> <s>Ea ſanè videtur eſſe materiæ conditio, ſi<lb></lb>ue proxima, ſeu remota ſit, vt <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> intueatur formam, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vnum poſteà <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe fiat quod omnib. nu<lb></lb>meris & partib. <expan abbr="p̨fectum">perfectum</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="conſummatũ">conſummatum</expan> eſt: quoniam verò materia proxima ſignificat proceſſum ad <lb></lb>actum, & <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> iam ab efficiente contractam, ſeu <expan abbr="p̃parationem">praeparationem</expan> ad <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> formam, ideò vna <lb></lb>eſt ex qua fit deinceps, ſecundùm partes id quod fit, & cui reſpondet <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> proprius ſuus ipſius actus. <lb></lb></s> <s>vnus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ille eſt: at elementum, quanuis rationem habeat poteſtatis, non tamen ad actum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> <lb></lb>qui ſuus proprius futurus ſit, à natura dirigitur: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt actu <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe, ſed actum vnum qui quidem plu<lb></lb>rium ſimul eſt; idcirco differentia inter materiam proximam, & elementum erit eiuſmodi, vt materia <lb></lb>vna quidem ſit <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> vnius formæ; & vnius compoſiti. </s> <s>elementum verò non vnum: quamobrem id <lb></lb>quod ex elemento producitur; ita fit non ex eo tanquam poteſtate, & forma tanquam actu, ſed ex eo <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> mixtum; ideò non vt ex vno, ſed vt ex plurib. ſimul ad conſtitutionem vnius ęquè coëuntibus; <lb></lb>huiuſmodi verò contraria ſint oportet; quippe quę partes poteſtatis <expan abbr="actusq́">actusque</expan>. </s> <s>gradus inter ſe conſecu<lb></lb>ta ſint, nam mixtum quatenus huiuſmodi, vnà plura ſignificat ſimplicia, quæ ſine poteſtatis <expan abbr="actusq́">actusque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> fieri nequeant vnum. </s> <s>Cęterùm alterna poteſtas & actus contrariis innituntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> conſtitu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3258"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio corporum ex elementis, non modò generationis nomine expreſſa eſt, verùm compoſitionis cuiuſ<lb></lb>dam quam mixtionem vocamus, & eorum corruptio reſolutio dicta eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> idcirco timenda eſt <lb></lb>obiectio Scoti. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nimirùm quia ſic generentur ex ſe inuicem. </s> <s>Sed quæ ſic habent, obtinent inter ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3259"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rationem termini à quo, & termini ad quem; ij verò non conſiſtunt. </s> <s>ergo nec elementa & mixtum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde nec generatio mixti compoſitio, nec interitus reſolutio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> n. </s> <s>videtur animaduertiſſe in <lb></lb>generatione compoſiti geminam obſeruari rationem ad id ex quo fit, nempè vt ſi ex illo ſecundùm <lb></lb>materiam, & vt ex illo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> termino, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ex quo fit, vt materia, ſuperſtes eſſe, id tolli ſolùm ex <lb></lb>quo fit, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> termino. </s> <s>At verò ex quo fit, vt termino non eſt elementum, ſed incompoſita ex quibus <lb></lb>fit compoſitum, & huius eſt verè generatio & interitus: ex elementis fit mixtum, vt ex materia. </s> <s>Quo <lb></lb>circa non interit elementum. </s> <s>& ob has diuerſas rationes, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conſiſtunt termini à quo & ad quem; <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſi ex ſe inuicem gignuntur, idcirco non remanent elementa in mixto. </s> <s>Sed pergamus ad alia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quae omne corpus naturale cuiuſpiam motus habet initium; ſi igitur vnum eſſet ele<lb></lb>mentum, vnum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motum omnium eſſe oporteret; vnum tamen non eſſe perſuadetur ex eo, quae id <lb></lb>quod ſecundùm naturam mouetur, in fine velocius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab initio concitatur; at nonmodò graue deor <pb pagenum="544"></pb>ſum in fine velocius fertur, ſed eſt aliquod prætereà corpus quod ſurſum celerius agitatur, quae leue <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3260"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>ita ſaltem duo corpora ſimplicia ſunt quæ elementa eſſe contingit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen ea infinita, veluti <lb></lb>longo progreſſu diſputatum eſt contra Anaxagoram; & ob id quae idem ex principiis finitis efficitur, at<lb></lb>que ex infinitis: & ex eo quae <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> elementum conſtat è differentiis ſenſilib., & per illas ab al<lb></lb>tero ſeparatur. </s> <s>quae ſi ſenſiles differentiæ finitæ fuerint, profectò & corpora quæ per illas diſtinguuntur, <lb></lb>finita ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae elementa corpora naturalia ſint oportet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem ſimplicia: <lb></lb>verùm naturalium omnium motus initium quoddam eſt; & <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> motus ſimplices ſunt, & ſin<lb></lb>guli ſingulorum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi motus ſimplices finiti ſunt; ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & corpora ſimplicia neceſſariò finita eſ<lb></lb>ſe dicemus. </s> <s>Sunt igitur vno plura, ſed finita; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea quidem quattuor ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, quae quattuor ſunt <lb></lb>differentiæ motus ſimplicis quæ naturas ſimplices conſequuntur. </s> <s>& in corporib. ſimplicib. inhęrent, <lb></lb>& inſident; vnde &, vt dialectici dicunt, à poſteriore: quia motus ſimplices quattuor ſunt, quattuor <lb></lb>corpora ſimplicia eſſe concluditur: & à priori conſimiliter licet Ariſt. </s> <s>eiuſmodi demonſtrationem <lb></lb>prætermittat: etenim illa nob. <expan abbr="p̨ſpicua">perſpicua</expan> fit ex motib. ſimplicib. <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>natura: & facilè admodum à <lb></lb>non oſcitante lectore deprehenditur. </s> <s>quoniam motus ſimplices arguunt ſimplices naturas, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>poſteà viciſsim proficiſcuntur, vt effectus. </s> <s>Niſi ratio quę ducitur ex coniunctione differentiarum ſenſi<lb></lb>lium, habeatur à priori; quod ille aſſeret qui eas elementorum eſſentias eſſe opinabitur, vt Alexan<lb></lb>der. </s> <s>Differentiæ verò ſenſiles multæ ſunt, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aliæ ſecundæ numerantur. </s> <s>aliæ primæ, ſecundæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3261"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quidem hæ ſunt: rarum & denſum, durum & molle, graue & leue, lubricum aridum, craſſum tenue, <lb></lb>aſperum leue; quæ cùm ab illis calore nimirùm, frigore, ſiccitate, & humore exoriri videantur, ſequi<lb></lb>tur, vt has ipſas in primis habeamus. </s> <s>quae ſi principia illa cenſentur quę priora ſunt; primę igitur iſtæ <lb></lb>differentiæ quas nuper attulimus, iure optimo corporum ſenſilium differentię ſtatuendæ fuerint, <expan abbr="q̃-quàm">qua<lb></lb>quàm</expan> ſi vniuerſæ cum calore & frigore conferantur; calor & frigus omnium primæ ſine controuer<lb></lb>ſia ponendę ſint: calor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eliquat concreta, & terminat humida, ſic frigus arefacit humidum <expan abbr="exprimẽ-do">exprimen<lb></lb>do</expan>, & cogendo humectat. </s> <s>& longè <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> prima calor: quia frigus eſt abſentia caloris; attamen ordo <lb></lb>hic pertinet potius ad conſtitutionem corporum <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> in vniuerſo, ſed cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> corpora iſta ſim<lb></lb>plicia ordinem habeant ad mixta; quattuor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> virtutes ad conſtitutionem mixti neceſſariò requi<lb></lb>rantur, quemadmodum aliàs abundè docebimus: calor & frigus, ſiccitas & humor; <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, vt quat<lb></lb>tuor illæ primæ differentiæ corporum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>reciperentur, è quarum complexionib. certum ipſe <lb></lb>principiorum numerum conſtitueret: ſiquidem è quattuor differentijs ſex copulationes efficiantur, <lb></lb>è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> Duę conſiſtere nequeunt, quattuor reliquę <expan abbr="manẽt">manent</expan> ſimul, calor & ſiccitas: vnde exoritur ignis: <lb></lb>calor & humor, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> conſtituitur aër: frigus & humor, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aqua efficitur: frigus & ſiccitas, <lb></lb>è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> terra conflata eſt: reliquę complexiones ob repugnantiam non conſiſtunt. </s> <s>& ex his oriuntur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3262"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>elementa quæ ſunt corpora ſimplicia, & è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cętera compoſita producuntur: <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> & has eaſ<lb></lb>dem complexiones <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſtituere opinor corpus ſimplex, quatenus eſt huiuſmodi, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt pars <lb></lb>vniuerſi; quarum <expan abbr="rõnũ">rationum</expan> altera, corpora illa in libris de cęlo tractata fuiſſe defenduntur, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <lb></lb>conditiones magis <expan abbr="elucẽt">elucent</expan> in motu, magis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> habetur <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ratio, per qualitates primas, quas altera<lb></lb>trices vocant, quatenus elementa ſunt; hoc eſt, quatenus mixta corpora intuentur (<expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt <expan abbr="ele-mentũ">ele<lb></lb>mentum</expan> eſt, alicuius eſt, aut <expan abbr="aliquorũ">aliquorum</expan>) hinc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſſe puto, vt Ariſt. </s> <s>ea per qualitates motrices, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>notiores in vniuerſo diſpoſuerit, & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> relatione <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> explicarit, in libris ante <lb></lb>de Gen. per primas qualitates expoſuerit, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> natura priores eſſent, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> grauitas & leuitas, cùm ibi <expan abbr="cõ-poſitorũ">con<lb></lb>poſitorum</expan> initia veſtigaret, e <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> liquet, vt omnia ſimul, & ſimplicia ſint, & vniuerſi partes, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea<lb></lb>dem ordinem habeant ad compoſita quæ mixta nuncupamus, ita vt Ariſtoteles nihil euarians me<lb></lb>thodum, quaſi vnica opera duo negotia confecerit; ſiquidem grauia & leuia in primas item quali<lb></lb>tates diſſoluere oporteat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3257"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3258"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3259"></margin.target>a 2. Sen. </s> <s>D. <lb></lb>16. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3260"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3261"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3262"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm elementa quæ corpora ſunt, æterna ſint, an intereant aliquando. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3263"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3263"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VTRVMNE verò ſempiterna ſint, an <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> corruptioni obnoxia, ſi ſenſus rectus iudex eſt, mani<lb></lb>feſtò conſtat, ea corpora quę ſimplicia nuncupamus, & elementa, corrumpi: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> diſſoluitur ignis, <lb></lb>& à contrario confectus, & ex ſeipſo contabeſcens, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ſine paſtu aliquo permanere non poteſt: om<lb></lb>nium verò confector & conſumptor eſt. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> inuaſit, cuncta diſturbat, ac diſsipat. </s> <s>aqua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à <lb></lb>calido affecta diſſoluitur abiens in <expan abbr="halitũ">halitum</expan>: & aër incenditur, & in aquam per pluuias immutatur; ita <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terra putreſcit, & reſoluitur à calore. </s> <s><expan abbr="quãobrem">quanobrem</expan> huiuſmodi <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> corruptio ſatis euidens eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm, ſi <expan abbr="corrũpuntur">corrumpuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illa gigni neceſſe eſt, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> diſſolutio procedit, aut <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> ſtat: <lb></lb>atqui infinitam <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe dicere non licet, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> idem non ſit, diſſolutionis, ſeu corruptionis, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitionis">compoſitionis</expan>, ſiue generationis cum diſſolutionis <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> ſit, ſi non <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, at <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> aliud <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> anteceſsiſſe oportet quo <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> fuerit. </s> <s>ita aut infinita duo ponenda erunt, aut <expan abbr="ſal-tẽ">ſal<lb></lb>tem</expan> aliquod <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> extra infinitum, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> neutrum fieri poteſt: erit ergo <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> diſſolutionis <expan abbr="termina-tũ">termina<lb></lb>tum</expan>, <expan abbr="ceſſabitq́">ceſſabitque</expan>. </s> <s>diuiſio, aut ad diuiduum <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> non ad hoc poſtremum: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> cor<lb></lb>pus ex indiuiduis conflari non poteſt, & euerterentur vniuerſa mathemata, quę tamen, cùm certiſsi<lb></lb>ma ſint, niſi certiora ſuccurrant, aut iudicio planè careamus, aut ipſa retinenda ſint: & grauitas erit </s></p> <pb pagenum="545"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3264"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in puncto, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa conſequentur abſurda, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> paullò ſuprà dictum eſt, igitur diuiduo quodam <lb></lb>terminabitur diſſolutio. </s> <s>de hoc item rurſus percontabimur; aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corrumpitur, aut non: ſi primum <lb></lb>dederis; iam obtinuimus, quod volebamus; ſi negaris: at tum quod minus erit, facilius <expan abbr="cõſeruabitur">conſeruabitur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod maius eſt: cui tamen experientia repugnat. </s> <s>etenim minor ignis facilius corrumpitur <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>maior: corrumpetur ergo. </s> <s>Cùm verò nemo fuerit ex veterib. qui plura quidem vno elemento inge<lb></lb>nita eſſe teſtatus ſit, gratis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> accipi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ea, ſi plura ſunt, generari: <expan abbr="quãobrẽ">quanobrem</expan> ſatis Ariſtoteli fuit id ad pro<lb></lb>bandum elementa a tergo excipere mutationem. </s> <s>Tamen id quod tanquam datum accipit Ariſt. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>iam <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quæ ſumitur à natura materiæ, probari poſſet: quandoquidem, ſicut ex nihilo nihil fieri Pe<lb></lb>ripatetici dicunt: quanuis alioquin impium & deteſtabile; ſed hæc Peripateticè pronunciata ſint, & <lb></lb>illud in ore perpetuò ſit, quod ſapientiſsimè cecinit Pindarus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3264"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἀπόμοι λόγον τοῦτον στόμα ῥίψον</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ρπεὶ τόγε λοιδορῆσαι θεοὺς Ἐχθρὰ σοφὶα</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Abige os mihi huiuſcemodi vocem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Deos etenim inſequi crimine in -viſa ſophia<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ſicut, inquam, ex nihilo nihil fit, vt Peripatetici dicunt. </s> <s>ita neque in nihilum abit; neque intendit <lb></lb>natura corruptionem; ſed hoc corrumpit, vt alterum generet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poteſtas ad non eſſe in materia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3265"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potiſsima eſt, ſed ad eſſe per ſe, ad non eſſe verò per accidens. </s> <s>ob hæc igitur, ſi corrumpitur elemen<lb></lb>tum, aliud ex eo rurſus producatur oportet. </s> <s>Verùm fac non concedi talem naturæ progreſſum. </s> <s>ſicu<lb></lb>ti via ſenſus apparuit elementa corrumpi, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eodem ſenſu confirmari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, aliquid nunc generari <lb></lb>vt ignem: de hoc ergo ſciſcitari licet, vtrùm ex non corpore fiat, an'ne alij corpori ſuccedat: non ſa<lb></lb>nè ex non corpore fiet, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> vbi corpus actu non affuerit, & ibi de nouo corpus extet; erit vacuum <lb></lb>ſeparatum, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>confutauit, ſi fuerit corpus: aut hoc aliud erit in infinitum: ſic infinitum <lb></lb>tempus erit compoſitionis & diſſolutionis, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> defendi non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; aut <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>: ſi verò finitum ad <lb></lb>vnum <expan abbr="tãdem">tandem</expan> ex his primis <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> circulo remeabit. </s> <s>ita mutua ſingulorum erit propagatio: id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod <lb></lb>fit, aut ex corporeo, aut incorporeo fiat, neceſſe eſt, non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ex incorporeo, quando vacuum foret: igi<lb></lb>tur ex corporeo: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc, vel poteſtate, vel actu, ac ſi fuerit actu, aut vnum erit ex elementis, aut <lb></lb>aliud: fieri verò non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ex eo quod poteſtate ſit corpus: quia cùm actu corpus non ſit (tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſta<lb></lb>tuitur) erit <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> idem àc corpore vacans: idcirco ſpatium erit inane. </s> <s>quae ſi fuerit actu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud vnum <lb></lb>ex elementis, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>adhuc in generatione noui ſuperſtes ſit, erit ergo penetratio corporum. </s> <s>ſi rurſus <lb></lb>aliud ab illis, erit igitur aliquod corpus ante elementa, quod ſanè non videtur tollerare natura, <expan abbr="qñ-quidem">quando<lb></lb>quidem</expan> graue foret aut leue: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam vnum ex elementis: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mathematicum eſſe <lb></lb>contingit. </s> <s>ſi verò hæc ſunt, prius aliquod extet neceſſe eſt quod ſit corpus quidem, verùm non tale, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3266"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quale eſt id quod genitum eſt: hoc verò eſt aliud elementum. </s> <s>ita non ex materia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex dimenſio<lb></lb>nib. per ſe: cùm per ſe <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc poteſtatem ſignificent, nec corpora ſint, ſed ex corpore quod ex ma<lb></lb>teria conſtat, & dimenſionib. quæ tum actu fiunt, cùm primùm accedit noua forma, & efficiuntur <lb></lb>corpus, vbi vnum factum ſit ex materia & forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex dimenſionib. <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>terminis (corpus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ſignificat terminos <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>) <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex actu & poteſtate, nec ob id vlla conſequitur penetratio, eo .ſ. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3267"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deducto quod antea fuerar poteſtate, non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in potentia ſimpliciter: ſed cùm alio quodam actu ter<lb></lb>minis permutatis, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> & corpus primò conſtituitur. </s> <s>ſed de his infrà plurib. libuit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc ad<lb></lb>monere lectorem huiuſmodi progreſſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conflictum rationum ne opera luderetur in explicatio <lb></lb>ne loci cuiuſdam Ariſt. </s> <s>cùm Græci, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> animaduerſo fine rationis, hæc eò dici ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cenſue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3268"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rint, vt explicaretur modus quo vacuum poneretur, ſi corpus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> è potentia corpore, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu effi<lb></lb>ceretur: ideò progreſſum argumentationis Ariſtotelicæ non abſoluunt: aut de verborum explicatio<lb></lb>ne dubij, in Ariſtotelicæ ſententię vi exponenda incerti hæſerint: nec de menda dubitaſſe videantur: <lb></lb>adeò vt magnę tenebrę illi loco offuſę ſint, accedente prætereà Auerroe qui turbas magnas in Græ<lb></lb>cos auctores concitauit, vt non inanis futurus ſit conatus noſter, ſi eam quam poſſumus lucem, huic <lb></lb>ipſi loco afferamus; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maxime quae Alexandri expoſitio fidelis apud nos eſt. </s> <s>& extat hodie Themi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3269"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtius quem deſiderauit Antiquitas. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s>autem verba ſunt huiuſmodi. <foreign lang="grc">Ὁ μὲν οὖν ἐξ ἀσωμάτου γεν<lb></lb>νῶν λόγος ποιεῖ κενὸν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">πᾶν γὰρ τὸ γινόμενον ἔνπυι γίνεται, καὶ ἤτοι ἀσώματον ἔσται, ἐν ᾧ ἡ γένε<lb></lb>σις, ἢ ἑξει σῶμα· καὶ εἰ μὲν ἔξει σῶμα δὺο ἑξει σώματα ἁμα ἐν τῷ ἀυτῷ τὸ, τε γινόμενον καὶ τὸ προ<lb></lb>υπάρχον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">εἰ δὲ ἀσώματον, ἀνάγκη κενὸν εἶναι ἀφωρισμένον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τῷ τό δὲ ὁτι ἀδύνατον δέδεικται καὶ <lb></lb>πρότερον</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>“Qui igitur ex incorporeo generat ſermo, facit vacuum: omne <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod fit, in aliquo fit, <lb></lb>& aut incorporeum erit id in quo fit generatio, aut habebit corpus. </s> <s>& ſi habebit corpus, duo ſimul <lb></lb>erunt corpora in eodem, id quod fit, & id quod prius aderat. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> incorporeum, neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe ſeparatum. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quae fieri non poſsit, oſtenſum eſt prius, & quæ ſequuntur.” Omnes verò inter<lb></lb>pretes ab Alexandro <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad Auerroem de loci huius ſincera lectione dubitarunt, & maculam ſubeſ<lb></lb>ſe ſuſpicati ſunt, & illum aliquo modo ſupplere ſtuduerunt, licet, vtputo, rectè aduertenti, videatur <lb></lb>explicatio illa quam ex Auerroe colligimus, nihil aduerſari verbis contextus hoc pacto. </s> <s>ſi ex incor<lb></lb>poreo; ergo vacuum. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illi argumentabantur. </s> <s>Quod fit, alicubi fit: hoc in quo fit, aut caret corpo<lb></lb>re, aut habet corpus, quae ſi corpus habet: ergo duo aut plura corpora locum eundem occupant, & id <lb></lb>quod fit, & id quod prius aderat: ſi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hoc fieri nequit: ergo incorporeum, ſi id extiterit, igitur va <pb pagenum="546"></pb>cuum. </s> <s>& cùm hoc ex rationib. Antiquorum concluſum ſit, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> vacuum ipſemet Ariſt. </s> <s>exploſerit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3270"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſter, vt ex corpore fiat id quod fit, eo <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> modo quem nos paullo antè adiecimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Auer<lb></lb>rois ratio concluderetur contra Ariſt. </s> <s>ſed pro Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſo aduerſus Antiquos. </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prohibebit, quo<lb></lb>minus vnum corpus alteri cedat, etiam ſi hîc fiat corpus, & antè ibidem aliud corpus extiterit? </s> <s>Ne<lb></lb>que id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> obſtabit, quod nihil omnino genitum ſit, quia, nec ex eo quod eſt actu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex eo quod eſt <lb></lb>potentia, quicquam generari poſſet. </s> <s>quandoquidem valet id ex eorundem ſententia, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi enim quod eſt potentia corpus, corpus non eſt; & duo corpora ſeſe viciſsim penetrare non poſ<lb></lb>ſunt; nulla ratione poterit fieri corpus. </s> <s>Sed iam audiamus ipſos.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3265"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3266"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3267"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 15</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3268"></margin.target>b 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 54.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3269"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3270"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatio Textus LV. Tertij de Cœlo. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ALEXANDER ergo, vt ab illo exordiar, exiſtimauit ineſſe vitium in ea phraſi, parte aliqua <lb></lb>ex ipſa ſublata; ſuppleri verò ſic. <foreign lang="grc">Ἅπαν γὰρ τὸ γινόμενον ἔντινι γίνεται, καὶ ἢ ἀσώματον <lb></lb>ἔσται, ἐν ᾧ ἡ γένεσις, ὁπερ δηλοῖ ὁτι πᾶν τὸ γινόμενον ἐν τόπῳ ἔσται, καὶ ἀυτὸς ὁ τόπος, ἐν ᾧ ἡ γέ<lb></lb>νεσις, τοῦτ' εστὶ τὸ γινόμενον ἤ ἄλλότι περιέχον ἔσται σῶμα ἢ οὔ. τὸν δὲ μὴ ἔχοντα σῶμα τόπον ἀσώ<lb></lb>ματον εἶναι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">εἰ δ' ἐκχωρεῖν τηφαίη τῷ σώματι τῷ γιν̓ομένῳ τὸ προυπάρχον, ἔσται κένος τις τόπος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"><lb></lb>εἰς ὃν μεταστήσεται, οὐ γὰρ ἂν εἰς τὸν ἐκείνου, ἐξ οὗ τούτο γίνεται ἐξ ἀσωμάτου γὰρ γίνεσθαι ὑπόκει<lb></lb>ται. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὑ τω μὲν οὖν εἰ ὁ τόπος ἐν ᾦ ἔσται τὸ γινόμενον πὲριεῖχέ τι σῶμα πρὸ τοῦ γινομένου δύο ἑξει σώμα<lb></lb>τα ἐν τῷ ἀυτῷ. εἰ δὲ μηδὲν περιέχει σῶμα κενὸν ἔσταί τι ἀφωρισμένον τὸ δεχόμενον τὸ σῶμα τὸ ἐξ <lb></lb>ασωμάτου γινόμενον, καὶ τά λοιπὰ</foreign>. </s> <s>Eorum ſiquis interpretationem deſideret, hæc audiat. </s> <s>“Omne <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3271"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim, quod fit, & aut incorporeum erit, in quo generatio, quod ſignificat. </s> <s>quòd omne quod fit, in <lb></lb>loco erit, & ipſe locus in quo generatio; hoc eſt, id quod fit, aut aliud aliquid continens erit corpus, <lb></lb>aut non: eum verò locum, qui non habet corpus, incorporeum eſſe: ſi verò cedere quiſpiam dicat <lb></lb>corpori, quod fit, id quod prius aderat; erit inanis quidam locus in quem transferetur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <lb></lb>loco eius, ex quo hoc fit: ex incorporeo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri ſtatuitur, ſic igitur, ſi locus, in quo erit id quod fit, <lb></lb>continebat quoddam corpus, antequàm illud fieret, duo corpora ſimul habebit in eodem: ſi verò <lb></lb>nullum continet corpus; inane quoddam erit <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>, quod capiat corpus quod ex incorporeo fit, <lb></lb>& reliqua.” In qua item loci expicatione <expan abbr="tollit̃">tollitur</expan> Auerroi via <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>oppugnandi interpretationem <lb></lb>Alexandri; quanuis fingatur eſſe argumentum Ariſtotelicum in illos allatum: quandò iam obſtitit <lb></lb>ipſe ceſsioni; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea fieri poteſt. </s> <s>nam in cuius, obſecro, locum cedet corpus quod anteà locum <lb></lb>occupabat, in quo factum eſt nouum corpus? </s> <s>non ſanè in locum illius: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poſitum eſt ipſum <lb></lb>non eſſe corpus; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>locum nullum obtinebat. </s> <s>ergo aut eſt ibi factum <expan abbr="nouũ">nouum</expan> corpus, dum adhuc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3272"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alterum ſuperſtes eſſet, & ſic corporum penetratio conſequet, aut ſi hoc abſurdum eſt; erit corpus <lb></lb>ex non corpore; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem vacuum in natura conſiſtet. </s> <s>Ita etiam <expan abbr="ſequet̃">ſequetur</expan>, vt nulla ſit generatio <lb></lb>corporis; ſi <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex eo quod eſt potentia corpus, fit corpus, neque item ex eo quod eſt actu, ex illo <lb></lb>enim, quia foret incorporeum, non fieret corpus; ex hoc verò nequit: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tolerat natura pene<lb></lb>trationem corporum. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omnia ex Ariſt. </s> <s>ſententia conatus illorum frangerent: nam [quod in <lb></lb>aliquo fit [&] id in quo eſt generatio [&] habebit corpus] licèt ambigua ſint, in quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri, vt <lb></lb>ſubiecto, <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, velut albedinem in cygno, & formam in hoc, & habere corpus pro animatis, <lb></lb>quaſi corpore vtantur; quin ad locum transferri oporteat, hîc <expan abbr="dubitandũ">dubitandum</expan> non eſt, quoniam & fieri <lb></lb>& eſſe contingit in loco quodam & in quodam loco, vt in terris plantæ gignuntur, & locus habet .i. <lb></lb></s> <s>continet, ſicut & modius habet triticum & amphora vinum, quia continent. </s> <s>Sed illud quod ſubie<lb></lb>cit Alexander Themiſtio teſte, fortaſſe obſcurius. </s> <s>eius ergo verba <expan abbr="ſubſcribã">ſubſcribam</expan>, vt videamus propter ob<lb></lb>ſcuritatem, qui ſenſus ex illis erui poſsit, dum ait. </s> <s>“Quod naſcitur, in aliquo conſiſtit: conſonum <lb></lb>non eſt vt intelligamus materiam in loco, qui <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicit in materia corpus non ineſſe, quod poſuit, de <lb></lb>medio tollit: materia <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi corpus ſit, & non materia erit ex corpore id quod ipſe ponebat: <expan abbr="ſiq́">ſique</expan>. </s> <s>ma<lb></lb>teria ex vno corpore in aliud <expan abbr="mutet̃">mutetur</expan>, in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>loco duo corpora non erunt. </s> <s>ſi verò ea quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3273"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="inueniunt̃">inueniuntur</expan> ratione: quî igitur fieri poterit, vt primum illud corpus aliud veluti <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> recipiat? </s> <s>vel <lb></lb>quòd locus modo eiuſmodi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> debeat recipere, id ſanè perſpicuum eſt.” hæc illius verba ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Alexander admonere nos, non poſſe transferri ad <expan abbr="ſignificandã">ſignificandam</expan> materiam id quod dicit <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>quòd in aliquo gignitur: comprehenderetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> repugnantia paucis verbis, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia cor<lb></lb>pus eſt, aut non: quòd ſi non fuerit corpus; iam ibi vacuum adeſſe apparet: verùm ſi corpus eſſe <lb></lb>dicatur, ſiquid igitur ex ea fit, è corpore producetur; at nos anteà corpus è non corpore fieri ſumpſe<lb></lb>ramus. </s> <s>Rurſus autem materia ex vno corpore in aliud <expan abbr="mutat̃">mutatur</expan>, aut non: quòd ſi materia <expan abbr="permutat̃">permutatur</expan>, <lb></lb>in vno loco duo corpora non manebunt, quod tamen ipſi profitebantur: ſi manet; ergo foret pene<lb></lb>tratio corporum, quæ cùm fieri nequeant; efficitur, vt materia non ſit id in quo fit corpus quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>vniuerſum ad Antiquorum placita <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, vt inde vacuum eſſe confirmetur. </s> <s>Sed videamus nunc. <lb></lb></s> <s>vtrùm id quod ad hæc dixit Auerroës aliquod habeat momentum, nec'ne. </s> <s>Mitto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod ex <lb></lb>Alexandro citat Themiſtius. </s> <s>non materia erit ex non corpore, & vbi notat repugnantiam illam; in <lb></lb>eum ſenſum <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc accipiens, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſi materia <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan>, ea per ſe pars corporis eſt, & habet dimen<lb></lb>ſiones: ſi igitur illa ſine dimenſione poneretur, vſque corpus, neque pars foret corporis: ergo ma <pb pagenum="547"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3274"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teria, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet materia; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> efficax eſt. </s> <s>ſed videamus obſecro quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſe ad hęc opponat, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="vtrũ'ne">vtrun'ne</expan> <expan abbr="aliqd">aliquod</expan> pondus <expan abbr="hẽat">habeat</expan> <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> nos. </s> <s>Inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe falsò aſſumi, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> corporis eſſe <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, aut <lb></lb>.n. <expan abbr="ſpectat̃">ſpectatur</expan> materia prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex illa corpus factum ſit, aut <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> genitum eſt. </s> <s>ſi antequam ex ea cor<lb></lb>pus fiat, pars corporis non eſt: ideò poſſumus de illa <expan abbr="percõtari">percontari</expan>, vtrùm ſit <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dimenſionibus, nec'ne: <lb></lb>ac ſi fuerit ſine ipſis, erit etiam vacuum, id eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, dimenſiones à materia ſeparatæ. </s> <s>quòd ſi cùm di<lb></lb>menſionibus erit etiam penetratio corporum, igitur, inquit ipſe, perſpicuum eſt ex his, non habere <lb></lb>robur id quod accipitur; materiam non eſſe incorporeum illud quod aſſumpſit Ariſt. </s> <s>nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> opinor, <lb></lb>vetat, quominus & ipſa illud idem ſit: cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia corporis pars non ſit, quemadmodum eſt pars <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, & veluti potentia ſubſtantia pars eſt ſubſtantiæ, pars itidem quanti, ſit id quod potentia <lb></lb>quantum eſt? </s> <s>Sed quoniam pars quanti duplex eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vel ad eſſentiam pertinens, vel etiam con<lb></lb>tinua: ſiquis det eam eſſe partem quæ reſpiciat eſſentiam; dubitet tamen, an ſit pars continua; di<lb></lb>cimus id abhorrere à vero. </s> <s>quòd ea ſine dimenſione conſiſtat: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum dimenſione eſt, ſi mo<lb></lb>dò dimenſio ſignificat, vt infra oſtendetur, id quod eſt poteſtate quantum, quatenus poteſtate eſt, <lb></lb>& quod acceſsione terminorum fit verè quantum: & niſi fuerit actu vacuum, fore non negamus: <lb></lb>neque tamen corporum <expan abbr="penetrationẽ">penetrationem</expan> concedimus. </s> <s>ſi ex materia quę dimenſionibus prædita eſt, no<lb></lb>uum corpus fiat, quia <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ſi per ſe dimenſio eſt, nunquam <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan> ab actu; proptereà vacuum non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3275"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> terminis commutatis è vetere nouum fit corpus; ita corporum penetratio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex quo patet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id quod tribuit Gręcis Auerroës & confutat: non eſſe falſum: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia pars <lb></lb>corporis, vt dictum eſt, & habet dimenſiones, & ſi careret, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet certè materia, cùm materia qua<lb></lb>tenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, ſit poteſtate ſubſtantia, quantum & quale, & reliqua prædicamenta, ne plus temporis in <lb></lb>ſingulis enumerandis inſumam. </s> <s>eſt verò potentia quantum per dimenſiones, & quærere, vtrùm ma<lb></lb>teria, quatenus huiuſmodi, prædita ſit dimenſionibus, eſt profectò de ipſius eſſentia dubitare. </s> <s>poſſu<lb></lb>mus ſanè quærere illud; vtrùm quanta ſit, & ſi negetur, id ſequitur eſſe vacuum, ac ſi fuerit quan<lb></lb>ta, & ibi fiat nouum corpus; terminis materiæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tranſmutatis penetratio conſequetur. </s> <s>ſic & Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>argumentum ex Antiquorum ſententia erit efficax, &, ſi ad eius placita ducatur, ab argumentis <lb></lb>Auerrois defendi poterit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3271"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3272"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3273"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3274"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3275"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur elementum totum ſimul corrumpi non poſſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXCITATA quondam dubitatio fuit ab Alexandro hoc pacto. </s> <s>eſto quae elementa corrumpi <lb></lb>poſsint; & quælibet illorum pars ſecundùm ſubſtantiam tranſmutetur. </s> <s>cùm id fieri queat, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3276"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fore videtur aliquod tempus in quo <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> corruptæ ſint; vtrum'ne <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> terra non erit? </s> <s>eadem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diſceptatio ad homines transferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: nam ſinguli corrumpi poſſunt; ſinguli oriuntur per <lb></lb>propagationem: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ij ſumus, qui credamus, vt Empedocles, qui natos homines ex terra ait <lb></lb>vti blitum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm liberi ſint, ſobolem non propagare poſſunt: ergo <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ſpecies ipſa humana<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3277"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poterit extingui. </s> <s>ſic ordo vniuerſi <expan abbr="tollet̃">tolletur</expan>, qui conſtat in ea connexione formarum, quę gradib. qui<lb></lb>buſdam à Deo O. M. deriuantur, & in certa ſede corporum naturalium collocatæ ſunt. </s> <s>Videtur ſa<lb></lb>nè dialecticè, quanquam verè, reſpondiſſe ad quæſtionem Alexander, non ita tamen, vt expleat ani<lb></lb>mum dubitantis, quandò interrogare adhuc licet; ecquæ'nam ſit eius euenti cauſſa. </s> <s>inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe <lb></lb>committi fallaciam, cùm de <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ſimul. </s> <s>in quæſtione concludatur, quod de ſingulis <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>etenim verùm id eſt, ſingulas terræ partes interituras, & ſingulos homines: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tamen omnes ſimul, <lb></lb>ſed ſucceſsiuè: licèt eadem fortaſſe neceſsitas non ſit, cur terra permaneat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> homo, quòd terra <lb></lb>ſimpliciter neceſſaria videtur eſſe: homo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex hypotheſi, quandò illa ex motu cęleſti ducit origi<lb></lb>nem; hæc ex eo ſi ſpecies conſeruanda eſt, vt mox enarrabimus. </s> <s>Eodem propè modo tollebat dubi<lb></lb>tationem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> contra Auerroëm Sueſſanus de æternitate. </s> <s>Nam ſic obiiciebant Auerroi non<lb></lb>nulli, ſi nulla cogitatio, nec mens ſpeculans. </s> <s>Sed nulla cogitatio. </s> <s>ſiquidem fieri poteſt, vt homo co<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3278"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gitet. </s> <s>ergo etiam fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt non cogitet. </s> <s>Ponatur non cogitare. </s> <s>Ergo nullus homo cogitat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>non erit ſpeculans intellectus. </s> <s>Reſpondet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Sueſſanus, antecedens illud eſſe verum diuiſim, non <lb></lb>coniunctim, vtputa & hic & ille non cogitat. </s> <s>Et ille nunc, mox alius non cogitabit: ſimpliciter verò <lb></lb>nullum nullo tempore cogitare falſum eſt, & eiuſmodi, vt fieri nequeat. </s> <s>Igitur ex eo non tollitur, <lb></lb>quin æternus ſit ſpeculans intellectus. </s> <s>Sed contra ipſum Genua diſputabat non eſſe abſurdum, in<lb></lb>quiens, ſi ex antecedente quod fieri non poſsit, inferatur neceſſariò conſequens, quod itidem fieri <lb></lb>nequeat. </s> <s>ergo falsò dictum à Sueſſano non tolli neceſſariò mentem <expan abbr="ſpeculantẽ">ſpeculantem</expan>, quia antecedens il<lb></lb>lud fieri non poſsit. </s> <s>At non id negabat Sueſſanus: verùm id ſibi volebat. </s> <s>cùm id quod inde infere<lb></lb>batur, fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet, non niſi ex antecedente conſimili deſcendere; idcirco oppoſitum eſſe verum; <lb></lb>& id quod tantundem valeret, quo poſito, vt erat verum ſic mentis ſpeculantis æternitatem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> op<lb></lb>pugnabat. </s> <s>Verùm hoc nunc ipſi Alexandro <expan abbr="cõcedatur">concedatur</expan>: at nihilominus remanet ſcrupulus, ecquid <lb></lb>fit cauſſæ, cur terræ partes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſimul non intereant, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omnes homines, ſed viciſsim & ſigillatim. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mihi quidem & alia cauſſa eſſe videtur, & non eadem in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan>: nam quantum de terra, & elemen<lb></lb>tis eſt, cùm fiant & corrumpantur acceſſu Solis, ac receſſu ex aliquo curſu, quem per Zodiacum te<lb></lb>net, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> dum hîc terram <expan abbr="corrũpit">corrumpit</expan>, alteram è regione producit, & dum illam immutat, alteram gene <pb pagenum="548"></pb>rat apud nos: quamobrem præſente materia quæ <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſucceſsiuè capax eſt, duæ perpe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3279"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuitatis cauſſæ ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> philoſopho compluribus locis animaduerſæ generationi præſunt. </s> <s>ita fit, vt <lb></lb>quod in terra & elementis ſigillatim fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, omnibus ſimul nequeat euenire, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hęc eſt perſpicua <lb></lb>cauſſa propter quam elementa ſecundùm partes <expan abbr="corrũpuntur">corrumpuntur</expan>, ab ipſo philoſopho non ſemel expreſ<lb></lb>ſa, & ſuis locis expoſita, de qua, ne verbum quidem 3. de cęlo factum fuerit, vt mirandum ſit, quo <lb></lb>pacto tanquam ibi concluſum in <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ore verſetur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem eſt, ex ſeſe mutuò gigni elemen<lb></lb>ta, & ſecundùm partes gigni: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> oppoſitum conſequentis huiuſce cum antecedente conſiſtere <lb></lb>nil prohibet: quando fingi poſſet, vnum <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> totum ex toto fuiſſe tranſmutatum, quia ſic aër <lb></lb>in aquam, totus in totam, quemadmodum pars in partem conuerti poſſet, & circulus inter elemen<lb></lb>ta tota fieri generatione & corruptione nunquam ceſſante, niſi aliæ cauſſæ obſtarent, de quibus non <lb></lb>ſanè 3. de cęlo, ſed alibi affatim diſputatum eſt, niſi forte ex parte illa gigni concluſum fuiſſe dicere<lb></lb>mus, quia per ſegregationem non fierent, & quia tota prius extitiſſent, ſed aliqua mutatione formę <lb></lb>intercedente, quod planè verum eſt, ſed id non quæritur in præſentia. </s> <s>Hæc de elementis. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>quantum ad hominem ſpectat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dubitare poſſet, an id reliqua item <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> ſecla attingeret, & <lb></lb>vtrùm eadem cauſſa nec'ne in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> animalium ſecli afferri poſſet: etenim & illorum interitus va<lb></lb>riis de cauſsis euenire <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & à variis impedimentis quæ propagationi efficiendæ opponantur: quan<lb></lb>uis animi ſui libertate, quemadmodum homines, id efficere <expan abbr="nequirẽt">nequirent</expan>, niſi ortum ex patre omnium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3280"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animantium generi concedamus, quod tamen in perfectioribus & quæ ad ſui abſolutionem <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> <lb></lb>temporis poſtulant, ægrè admodùm Peripatetici dabunt. </s> <s>An propagatio ſpeciei ipſius opus eſt: cùm <lb></lb>ad ſui ipſius conſeruationem tradita ſit à natura, quæ primùm ſpeciem ipſam curat; quanuis hoc <lb></lb>ſuum deſiderium expleat auxilio ſingularium, & ipſis ſpecies ipſa conſiſtat: nam id quod in primis <lb></lb><expan abbr="appetit̃">appetitur</expan>, eſſentia eſt; hæc verò manet in ſpecie. </s> <s>proptereà ſi natura non errat in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan>, ſed in pau<lb></lb>cioribus; veriſimile <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, appetitum & facultatem conſeruatricem à ſpecie proximè perma<lb></lb>nare ad indiuidua, <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuperare potentiam <expan abbr="indiuiduorũ">indiuiduorum</expan>, quæ præter naturam eſt & rarò <expan abbr="cõ-tingit">con<lb></lb>tingit</expan>. </s> <s>ita neceſsitas ſpeciei ſuperat <expan abbr="contingentiã">contingentiam</expan>, quæ in indiuiduis eſt: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ad veri<lb></lb>tatis ſimilitudinem videtur eſſe propenſius, vt non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſimul accipiant contingentiam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poſsint: <lb></lb>etenim degeneraret contingens in id quod fieri non poteſt, & quod rarò eſſet, & per accidens, vni<lb></lb>uerſis eueniret: quare periculum immineret, ne <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ordo naturæ peruerteretur. </s> <s>in quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſtant <lb></lb>functiones naturales ab iis, quæ præter naturam? </s> <s>niſi quae illę plurimum fiunt, niſi ſemper: hę verò ra<lb></lb>rò; pendent illę à certis cauſsis, hę verò ab incertis. </s> <s>Quanquam hanc ſpeciei neceſsitatem non in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb>ſpecie ponimus, vt docebimus, cùm de vniuerſi perfectione verba faciemus. </s> <s>Cùm etiam à libertate <lb></lb>proficiſcatur altera contingentiæ ſpecies, ea verò ſit in ſingularibus & in paucioribus eodem modo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3281"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicemus, appetitum prolis, quia naturalis eſt, & ſpeciei ipſius; ſuperare humanam libertatem; non <lb></lb>quidem in ſingulis, ſingula <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contingentiæ ſunt obnoxia, nec ſpeciei ratio manet in ſingulis, vt .ſ. </s> <s>in<lb></lb>tereat ad interitum ſingulorum, ſed in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ſimul quae omnibus ſimul ſpeciei ratio conſiſtit, quæ ne<lb></lb>ceſsitatem præſefert. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae ea quæ dirigitur ad propagationem, non eſt merè poteſtas ani<lb></lb>malis, vt potius in hoc animalis ſeruiat naturali, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> contrà; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſecus àc in reſpiratione & excremen<lb></lb>torum deiectionibus vſuuenire ſapientes aſſerant. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimpliciter voluntariæ non ſint, licet ali<lb></lb>quando <expan abbr="ſuperent̃">ſuperentur</expan> à voluntate, quemadmodum de ſeruo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ſcriptum legimus qui reſpiratione <lb></lb>cohibita ſibi <expan abbr="mortẽ">mortem</expan> conſciuit: at naturæ neceſsitas expugnat ipſam voluntatem: ſic cùm appetitus <lb></lb>ſobolis à naturali neceſsitate <expan abbr="deriuet̃">deriuetur</expan>; <expan abbr="humanã">humanam</expan> ſuperat libertatem: idcirco & hominis eſt quęrere <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſobolẽ">ſobolem</expan>, & leges optimę ſobolis propagationi <expan abbr="cõſuluerũt">conſuluerunt</expan>: <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> munus eſt <expan abbr="cõſeruare">conſeruare</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="huma-nã">huma<lb></lb>nam</expan>, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="hoĩes">homines</expan> ex <expan abbr="cõſuetudine">conſuetudine</expan> tales reddere, vt imperio naturę parére poſsint. </s> <s>Sed hęc hactenus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3276"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3277"></margin.target>a Varro <lb></lb>Eumenid.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3278"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3279"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3280"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3281"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum proponatur iterum primò de Generatione quęrendum, an generatio ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SATIS hactenus exiſtimauerit quiſpiam ex his eſſe concluſum, generationem in rerum natura <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3282"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poni oportere. </s> <s>veruntamen etiam poſtquam hęc ab Ariſt. </s> <s>tradita, & peracta ſunt; profitetur ipſe <lb></lb>ſe rurſus eiuſdem rei demonſtrationem aggredi 1. de Gen. quapropter & anſa data eſt eius interpre<lb></lb>tibus inquirendi cauſſam talis progreſſus. </s> <s>nec præter ea quæ afferuntur ab ipſis, deſunt quæ vitij cu<lb></lb>iuſpiam in methodo contexenda ſuſpicionem excitare poſsint: nam præter illud, quae generatio in eo <lb></lb>volumine ſcopus eſt, is <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="conſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan>; cùm ex hac controuerſia Auerrois quidem ſententia, fa<lb></lb>cilè nos expedire ſuccedat; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illud de vniuerſæ ſcientiæ ſcopo concedendum eſt, de ſcopo verò <lb></lb>partis aliter pronunciandum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quandò ipſum in tota ſcientia quærere non negatur, & illud ſufficit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3283"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſolùm, ſi nobis ipſum eſſe perſpectum ſit, antequàm de illo quippiam demonſtremus. </s> <s>Sed hoc vr<lb></lb>get potius & premit, quod ab eo qui libros Ariſtotelicos aliquo cum iudicio verſaturus ſit, ſine cri<lb></lb>mine præteriri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; nam præterquam quae & eum qui quondam litterarum monumentis aliquid <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmendaturus">commendaturus</expan> ſit, curſus dirigendi viam <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> pyxis <expan abbr="nautã">nautam</expan> monet; etiam Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſum <expan abbr="pręceptorẽ">pręceptorem</expan> <lb></lb>ſummum ab <expan abbr="importunorũ">importunorum</expan> calumniis vendicat, & ab eo cuius animus ſuauiſsimis <expan abbr="cõtemplationum">contemplationum</expan> <lb></lb>epulis altus fuerit, pietatis ergô præſtandum, vt quemadmodum ciconiæ parentibus nos etiam in <lb></lb>multò delicatioribus cibis Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">ἀντιπελαργῶμεν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>alimenta rependamus. </s> <s>hoc igitur premit & vr <pb pagenum="549"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3284"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>get: quoniam cùm <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc 3. de Cęlo peracta fuerint, eadem quæſtio <expan abbr="repetat̃">repetatur</expan>, & cauſſa varietatis <lb></lb>inquiritur; probabile <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt alio pacto hîc, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ibi philoſophum generationem eſſe docuiſſe; cęteroqui <lb></lb>methodus hæc redundaret. </s> <s>Rationes autem varietatis hę potiſsimum eſſe viderentur, quae in aliquo <lb></lb>ex his locis generatim, in alterò verò ſpeciatim de generatione diſputatum ſit. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> diſtinctio <lb></lb>hæc ſatis idonea reputanda eſt; nam ſiquis fuit locus in quo ſpeciatim de generatione fuiſſet agen<lb></lb>dum, erat ille liber qui ab ipſa <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à proprio ſcopo inſcriptus eſt, quo magis ille liber in <expan abbr="ſingulariũ">ſingularium</expan> <lb></lb>notitia verſatur, <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> libri de cęlo: tamen profitetur Ariſt. </s> <s>ſe de generatione, item vniuersè in eo libro <lb></lb>verba facturum. </s> <s>Poſſes fortaſſe dicere generalem eius ſpeculationem eſſe duplicem: vel quia non <lb></lb>diſtinguatur in ſuas partes, vtputa in eam quæ ſimpliciter eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram quæ quodammodo; aut <lb></lb>quia de nullius rei generandæ tranſmutatione diſſeratur, verùm de generatione ipſa, nulla habita <lb></lb>ratione rerum quæ gignuntur: & reuera tale diſcrimen exiſtit inter tractationem, quam habuimus <lb></lb>3. de Cęlo, & 1. de Gen. <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in 1. de Gen. de ipſa diſputat, vt eam ab alteratione diſtinguat, & do<lb></lb>ceat, quemadmodum fiat. </s> <s>Cęterùm, etſi id ita eſt; attamen Ariſt. 2. de Gen. nobis explicat mutuam <lb></lb>elementorum tranſmutationem, <expan abbr="cõſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo dum ſtatuit Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ariſt. </s> <s>ibi de generatione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3285"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>agere, quatenus eſt affectio corporum ſimplicium. </s> <s>in 1. verò de Gen. quatenus ineſt communiter ele<lb></lb>mentis & mixtis, ſtatuit ſanè <expan abbr="differẽtiam">differentiam</expan> inter has tractationes, ſed prætereà multa pronunciat, quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3286"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neſcio herclè, an admodùm firma ſint: etenim de generatione & corruptione ſimplicium, ſi ſatis 3. <lb></lb>de cęlo dictum eſt, cur iam agitatam quæſtionem inculcare oportuit in volumine conſequente? <lb></lb></s> <s>præſertim ſi generatio præcipuè conuenit elementis, & per illa reperitur in mixtis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſine cri<lb></lb>mine pars hæc quæ reſpicit <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, dimitti potuit. </s> <s>Rurſus de generatione & corruptione <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> <lb></lb>4. Meteor. </s> <s>diſputatum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtręq́">Vtręque</expan>. </s> <s>verò ſententiæ, cum ſuperior, tum etiam hæc in eo labuntur, vt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="reddat̃">reddatur</expan>, cur iterum quæſtio, an eſt generatio, agitetur, neque ſuperuacanea ſit. </s> <s>Auerroës etiam <lb></lb>ipſe parùm ſibi conſtat, ſiquidem neget aliquando Ariſt. </s> <s>in eo libro diſquirere, an generatio ſit, ſed <lb></lb>quemadmodum fiat ſolùm; cùm libro 3. de Cęlo hoc ipſum abundè quæſitum ſit. </s> <s>Sed eius dictum <lb></lb>mirum in modum oppugnat ea quæ Ariſt. </s> <s>in eo loco profeſſus eſt. </s> <s>Ideò ad extricandam hanc con<lb></lb>trouerſiam eò reuertendum eſt, quod in exitu primi libri <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> fuit à nobis, etenim noſſe quip<lb></lb>piam eſſe, contingit bifariam, aut per ſe .i. </s> <s>per diffinitionem, & à priori, vt aiunt, ac diſtinctè: non ſa<lb></lb>nè per vllum genus demonſtrationis; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vllum eſt quod in ſubſtantiæ cognitionem nos per<lb></lb>ducat, ſed per definitionem <expan abbr="aperit̃">aperitur</expan> ſolùm ipſum definitum, & in ſuæ definitionis partibus agnoſcitur <lb></lb>vniuerſa eius eſſentia: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cogit definitio, quemadmodum ſyllogiſmus, ſed aperit, & manifeſtat <lb></lb>ſolùm, vel noſcitur eſſe per accidens .i. </s> <s>per ſigna, & cognitione quadam incohata & imperfecta. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3287"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quapropter dicimus, cùm diſſereret Ariſt. </s> <s>de generatione, quatenus eſt affectio corporum ſimpli<lb></lb>cium, ſat habuiſſe, ſi <expan abbr="quibuſcunq.">quibuſcunque</expan> rationibus eam affectionem in corporibus ſimplicibus ineſſe con<lb></lb>uinceret, & quemadmodum eſſet, quia .ſ. </s> <s>non per ſegregationem, aut congregationem; verùm quae in <lb></lb>ſe viciſsim corpora prima tranſmutarentur, & ex ſe viciſsim fierent, & præfinitis terminis illa diſpu<lb></lb>tatio concluſa eſt, & theorematis ad corpora ſimplicia ſolummodò contractis; hîc verò proponere <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſpectandũ">ſpectandum</expan> generationem & <expan abbr="corruptionẽ">corruptionem</expan> per ſe, vt accuratè naturam eius tractaremus, ac diſtri<lb></lb>bueremus in <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſuas ſpecies, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>principia ſigillatim teneremus, & à ſingulis aliis tranſmutatio<lb></lb>nibus excepta latione diſtingueremus. </s> <s>idcirco generationis allata definitio, <expan abbr="cęterarumq́">cęterarumque</expan>. </s> <s>tranſmu<lb></lb>tationum, vt quod iam per accidens notuerat, per ſe <expan abbr="manifeſtũ">manifeſtum</expan> euaderet. </s> <s>Cùm verò idem ſit <expan abbr="princi-piũ">princi<lb></lb>pium</expan>, per quod res per ſe à cęteris ſeparatur (mitto enim accidentia, quorum <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> in eo quod nunc <lb></lb>indagamus, nullum <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> eſt, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ipſa afficimur ad quid eſt) & per quæ conſtituitur. </s> <s>ergo <lb></lb>pretium operę facturi ſumus, ſi differentias inter mutationes omnes diligenter perquiramus, & prę<lb></lb>cipuè inter generationem & alterationem quae mira inter has ſimilitudo intercedit, & quae ab antiquis <lb></lb>philoſophis pro eodem propemodum acceptæ fuerint. </s> <s>Proptereà noſtræ diſputationis exordium in<lb></lb>de capi poterit, vt quæramus an hæ mutationes ſecum differant; deinde, quoniam occaſio diſtin<lb></lb>ctionis in iis mutationibus ab eo ortum ducere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quòd varia generationis primordia ſtatuamus; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3288"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſedulò veſtigemus, id quod <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <expan abbr="tranſmutationũ">tranſmutationum</expan> volumus eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>. </s> <s>hinc ergo <expan abbr="naſcet̃">naſcetur</expan> <expan abbr="exordiũ">exordium</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3282"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3283"></margin.target>a 4. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3284"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3285"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tt. </s> <s>cc. 1. c. <lb></lb></s> <s>vltimi.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3286"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3287"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3288"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An ſit aliquid quod generetur ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò generatio cuiuſpiam eſt, ſi ipſa eſt quam eſſe credimus: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>aut ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, aut quodam modo; erit etiam id quod ſimpliciter, ac <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> gignatur. </s> <s>Cęterùm <lb></lb>id nobis iniicit ſcrupulum, an aliquid ſit quod <expan abbr="generet̃">generetur</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>idcirco breuibus erit hoc ante <lb></lb>alia peragendum: præſefert <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id dubitationem non <expan abbr="leuẽ">leuem</expan>, & cuius ſolutio patefactura ſit aditum ad <lb></lb>ea quæ conſequentur. </s> <s>Nam ſi quippiam generatur, fit ex eo quod non eſt, ſed cùm generetur ali<lb></lb>quid bifariam, vel ſimpliciter vel <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, & cùm quodammodo generatur, fiat ex eo quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſt quodammodo: ergo cùm <expan abbr="generat̃">generatur</expan> ſimpliciter; videbitur etiam fieri ex eo quod ſimpliciter non <lb></lb>ſit: at nihil hoc eſt, ex nihilo verò nihil fit; nil ergo ſimpliciter gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>quare neque etiam erit <lb></lb>generatio illi reſpondens. </s> <s>Nihil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe id quod non eſt ſimpliciter; ita licet oſtendere. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>quod eſt <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ad vnum, quod ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> certo plures partes comprehendit, vnam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> pri <pb pagenum="550"></pb>mò denotans, alias verò per <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> quam habent ad illam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, prima illa ſimpliciter eſſe <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3289"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cęteræ verò quodammodò, & aliqua ex parte: quapropter inter ea quæ ſunt, ſola <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> dicitur <lb></lb>eſſe ſimpliciter, reliqua prędicamenta <expan abbr="nequaquã">nequaquam</expan>: homo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rectè dicitur eſſe, ſed neutiquam albedo; <lb></lb>verùm ſemper eſt aliquid aliud exiſtens album, vt homo albus. </s> <s>Aut ſecundò ſumitur id quod eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmuniſsimè">communiſsimè</expan> quod amplectitur decem prædicamenta. </s> <s>Ex alia parte quod non eſt ſimpliciter, vel <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id eſt quod ſubſtantia non eſt; vel id quod ſeparatum eſt ab <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> prędicamentis. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> <lb></lb>modo accipiatur quod non eſt ſimpliciter, erit nihil: omne <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod eſt, decem prędicamentis con<lb></lb>tinetur; ex his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſubſtantia primum eſt, deinde cętera in ſubſtantia; ita vt illa ſublata <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> aliud <lb></lb>reperiri poſsit: aliter accidentia ſine ſubſtantia permanerent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod eſt accidens, vbi ſepare<lb></lb>tur; in <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> degenerare poſsit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur hoc quod non eſt ſubſtantia, non fuerit, nec quic<lb></lb>quam <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> prędicamentorum conſiſtet; <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis erit nihil, ſi accipiatur quod non eſt ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, quod è medio tollit vniuerſa prædicamenta ad quæ <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ad ſua capita quæ in rerum natura <lb></lb>ſunt, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> referuntur. </s> <s>ita & præter ea quæ adiecta ſunt à Meliſſo, accedit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Ariſtotelica dubitatio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen & eadem eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> diluendi hanc ipſam difficultatem quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vſurpata eſt 1. Phyſ. Quia <lb></lb>tamen extat expoſitio noſtra loci illius, & ea verba quibus continetur, ſatis perplexa ſunt, non gra<lb></lb>uabimur itidem ab ipſis tenebras, quantum in nobis eſt, excutere. </s> <s>Scire igitur conuenit eius dilu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3290"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem fundari duabus diſtinctionibus eius quod eſt, quas antiqui ipſi non perſpicientes è recta via <lb></lb>lapſi ſunt, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliud vllum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum eius quod eſt, ſignificatum mouerunt: ideò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliud, <lb></lb>niſi vnum erat quod non eſſet quod nihil adęquabat: attamen & ens eſt multiplex; necnon ens eſt <lb></lb>omnino nihil. </s> <s>Prima verò diſtinctio eſt in id quod eſt per ſe & per accidens: qua ratione aliquid <lb></lb>ex <expan abbr="quopiã">quopiam</expan> fieri dicitur, & per ſe & per accidens: ea verò ſic tractatur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>vt doceatur in primis <lb></lb>illam pertinere ad artes; deinde ex hoc quae conuenit artibus, oſtendatur eam rerum naturæ optimè <lb></lb>reſpondere. </s> <s>Igitur in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> effectione artis hęc tria concurrunt, id ex quo fit, quod fit ex illo, & <expan abbr="faciẽs">faciens</expan>: <lb></lb>omnibus autem licet aptare hanc <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> per ſe & per accidens: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & faciens per ſe facit & <lb></lb>per accidens; ac per ſe quidem <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> & <expan abbr="determinatũ">determinatum</expan>, cuius .ſ. </s> <s>habeat ſpeciem, ſiue actu, ſeu virtute, <lb></lb>& vt fertur, immediatè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè, quae reſpuat inſtrumentum, vel operationem mediam; nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="obſtãt">obſtant</expan> <lb></lb>hæc, quominus eſſe poſsit efficiens per ſe, ſed quae in aliam cauſſam ordinis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> non reſoluatur; vn<lb></lb>de naſcatur effectus. </s> <s>contrà per accidens, per aliud inhęrens & ſeparabile, cuius item ſpecie careat, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> hoc quod inhæret, eſt fortuitum, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> faciat & nihil certum; velut medicus ſanita<lb></lb>tem facit, non ędificium, aut cultrum, & in animo <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> habet <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> quam tribuere ſtudet ęgroto; nec <lb></lb>aliunde vim accipit dandi <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan>, niſi quatenus inſtrumentum eſt, aut operatio, ſine quibus eam <lb></lb>nequit efficere, quatenus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non medicus, aliud <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> facere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, neque magis hoc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3291"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neque eo ſibi propoſito <expan abbr="operat̃">operatur</expan>; verùm rationem alterius agentis aſſumens, vt dum ædificat, ædifica<lb></lb>toris, vnde ſimile à ſimili quodammodo producatur, non à diuerſo, aut etiam à contrario. </s> <s>Idcirco in <lb></lb>antiperiſtaſi frigus non efficit proximè calorem, ſed cùm colligit; collectus alium calorem facit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Similiter id ex quo fit & per ſe & per accidens eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ac per ſe quidem id quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe ſimile rei <lb></lb>faciendæ, hoc eſt, quod eſt generis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, ſed ſpecie ſeparatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ex non medico fit medicus, & <lb></lb>viciſsim non medicus ex medico. </s> <s>Quòd ergo ædificet medicus, & ex albo fiat; hæc ſunt prorſus <lb></lb>per accidens. </s> <s>Quemadmodum igitur in arte hæc eueniunt & per ſe & per accidens; ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſuc<lb></lb>cedit in natura: nam faciens efficit per ſe & per accidens, & id ex quo fit aliquid, vel per ſe eſt, vel <lb></lb>per accidens, & quod etiam fit ex illo per ſe, vel per accidens exiſtit. </s> <s>Proptereà conſtat eam diſtin<lb></lb>ctionem eſſe arti cum natura communem. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> noſſe conuenit hæc adiecta per ſe & per accidens <lb></lb>exprimere duas rerum notiones, naturam .ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo res eſt, ac modum ſanè, cùm ſignificatur <lb></lb>appropriatio <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> attributi, vel ex cauſſa adæquata <expan abbr="naſcat̃">naſcatur</expan>, vel ex <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali, vt ſi dixerim ani<lb></lb>mal ſeipſum mouere, quà eſt animal, quae in ſeipſo habeat idonea principia motus, vel quae ſit ipſa ratio <lb></lb>animalis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> quicquid ſeipſum mouet, animal ſit neceſſe eſt, in quo animalis ratio non <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>, <lb></lb>id nullo modo ſeipſum moueat, & cùm moueat ſeipſum quae accidat animali; nec eſſentię cauſſa pen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3292"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deat ex ipſo; iam per accidens ſe mouebit; illud ſeipſum per ſe concitabit. </s> <s>Reinatura ſic <expan abbr="explicat̃">explicatur</expan>, <lb></lb>vt cùm in ſeipſo cauſſas habeat quae ſit, veluti animal rationis compos eſt per ſe vnum, & linea recta <lb></lb>vel curua, & vnum per ſe compoſitum ex materia & forma. </s> <s>Hoc poſito veniat in <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> Meliſsi <lb></lb>ratio. </s> <s>Quicquid fit, aut fit ex ente, aut ex non ente: ſed neque ex ente: eo quae eſſet ante, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fieret, neque <lb></lb>ex non ente; ſiquidem hoc nihil ſit; ex nihilo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fiat nihil. </s> <s>Vides huius aſſumpti duo membra; <lb></lb>ſingulorum vitia ſeorſum ſignificat & fallacia notat Ariſt. </s> <s>quia verò cum modi, tum rei <expan abbr="cõmutatio">commutatio</expan> <lb></lb>Meliſſum decepit, ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="membrũ">membrum</expan> binas affert ſolutiones. </s> <s>Primam ad id quod acceptum eſt fie<lb></lb>ri id quod fit ex non ente, quæ complectitur <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, qui cum re <expan abbr="cõmutatus">commutatus</expan> fuerat à Meliſſo; quandò <lb></lb>acceperat fieri quod fit, ex non ente, & ex nihilo, quod erat futurum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>; atqui non ens ſigni<lb></lb>ficabat <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, quia fieret ex non ente .i. </s> <s>ex ſubiecto, quatenus non eſt. </s> <s>ac non ens quidem, vt res erat <lb></lb>nihil: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> id ſequebatur quod inferebat Meliſſus; at modo huic apud nos ſupponitur aliquid ex <lb></lb>quo fit id quod fit; <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt nihil. </s> <s>peceat igitur <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> figuram dictionis, quia rem cum <lb></lb>modo commutat. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in eodem argumento res cum re <expan abbr="cõmutatur">commutatur</expan>, & committitur illud fallaciæ <lb></lb>genus, quod eſt ſecundùm accidens: etenim ſumit fieri id quod fit, ex non ente per ſe, cùm fiat ex <pb pagenum="551"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3293"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ente per accidens, quod per ſe eſt ens; nempè ex materia, non ex priuatione; etenim priuatio <lb></lb>eſt per ſe non ens; inſidet hæc in materia; quapropter eius priuilegio materia non eſt ens quæ cę<lb></lb>teroquin ex ſeipſa aliquid foret: ex hac <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ſit id quod fit, quæ eſt non ens per accidens; ex priua<lb></lb>tione verò ſi fit, ita ſit, quia non remanet; ideò non conſtat ex nihilo. </s> <s>Ad illud autem, quo <expan abbr="ſumebat̃">ſumebatur</expan> <lb></lb>id quod fit, fieri ex ente; eadem item adhibita diſtinctione reſpondetur, ſed ſolutionum ordo <expan abbr="mu-tat̃">mu<lb></lb>tatur</expan>; etenim de rei commutatione prius agitur, deinde de mutatione modi. </s> <s>ſiquidem fieri contingat <lb></lb>& per ſe & per accidens, & ex ente & ex non ente, ſed ex ente fit per accidens: accidit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illi ex quo <lb></lb>fit, eſſe; nam quod debet fieri, poſtulat, vt non ſit; illud <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> fieri dicitur, quod cùm anteà non eſ<lb></lb>ſet, pòſt exiſtit: ergo ex non ente fit per ſe, cui cùm accidat eſſe; fit ex ente per accidens. </s> <s>Caue au<lb></lb>tem ne coniungendo pecces: id verò dico ne conditionem per accidens enti, aut non enti apponas, <lb></lb>ſed ei quod eſt fieri: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe ens id ex quo fit, & per ſe non ens, ſed ex hoc per ſe fit, ex illo per <lb></lb>accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Deniq.">Denique</expan> per ſe & per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> accipiuntur vt modi: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> quod fit, fit ex ente per accidens, <lb></lb>quia non quatenus eſt, & ex non ente per ſe, quia .ſ. </s> <s>quatenus non eſt. </s> <s>Secundùm caput ſolutionis <lb></lb><expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan> à diſtinctione eius, quod eſt poteſtate, vel actu, quæ ſanè diſtinctio, ſi rerum corticem ſpectes, <lb></lb>ſatis per ſe trita eſt, & peruulgata, ſi quid diligentius optes, aut de 9. Met. petas, aut ab initio noſtri <lb></lb>voluminis accerſas. </s> <s>Ergo vt per hæc eximatur <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> perplexitas ex argumento Meliſsi, ſic dicamus. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3294"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Cùm quęrit an id quod fit, ex ente fiat, aut non ente; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aſſerit ex neutro fieri poſſe; primùm di<lb></lb>lemma hoc includere <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> à coniunctis ad diuiſa: nam quod coniunctim accipiendum foret, ille <lb></lb>diuiſim ſumit: etenim quod fit, & ex ente fit, & ex non ente: quapropter in ipſo ſtatim veſtibulo <lb></lb>occurritur argumento, <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> ſi fiat ex non ente, non eſt antè, quàm fiat, & ſi idem eſt ens; <lb></lb>iam non eſt nihil. </s> <s>Fit autem id quod fit ex non ente, quatenus non eſt, & ex non ente per accidens <lb></lb>ente verò per ſe: ex ente verò fit per accidens; proptereaque id ex quo fit per ſe non eſt ens, accidit <lb></lb>autem illi eſſe, & ita fit ex ente per accidens, quoniam fit ex eo, quatenus non eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Similiq́">Similique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione <lb></lb>id quod fit, fit ex eo quod eſt, & ex eo quod non eſt poteſtate, vel actu; cùm fiat ex illo quod eſt po<lb></lb>teſtate, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu, quia verò quod poteſtare eſt, nihil <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, & cùm ſit poteſtate tantùm, aliud fie<lb></lb>ri poteſt; ita efficitur, vt quod ſit ex eo quod eſt, fiat ſimul ex eo quod non eſt, neque tamen aut ſit <lb></lb>ante, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fiat, aut ex nihilo producatur: eſſet ſanè prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fieret, ſi actu foret, aut nihil eſſet, ſi ſimplici<lb></lb>ter non exiſteret: verùm exiſtit quidem; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi non eſt id quod futurum eſt; nihilominus eſt <lb></lb>aliud, vt ex quo fit planta, eſt ſemen, quod iam eſt aliquid, & actu per ſuam formam. </s> <s>Non igitur <lb></lb>eſt ſimpliciter, neque non eſt; quod cùm veteres ipſos latuerit; in errorem coniecti ſunt. </s> <s>Hæc ea<lb></lb>dem ad quæſtionem nuper propoſitam dicere conuenit. </s> <s>Sed antequàm ad eius explicationem ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3295"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niamus, non inutile fore putauimus, ſi Ariſtotelis ipſius verba proponantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3289"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3290"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3291"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3292"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3293"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3294"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3295"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatio quorundam locorum ex 1. Phyſ. Cap. </s> <s>XI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SIC igitur affert Ariſt. </s> <s>plures modos quibus Meliſsi dilemma demoliatur, vt ſiquando duæ ſolu<lb></lb>tiones ab ipſo notentur, altera quæ rerum diſtributione in quod per ſe & per accidens, <expan abbr="innitat̃">innitatur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera eius quod poteſtate eſt & actu, potius intelligantur capita ſolutionum quæ duo ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>vitia quæ in eius oratione inſunt, hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> multa ſunt, vt audiſti quæ ſigillatim tollenda ſunt, ſi ritè ſol<lb></lb>uendum ſit argumentum: quandò ſolutio nil eſt aliud àc indicatio fallaciæ, quę, cùm multiplex in <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> obiectione poſsit eſſe; multiplicem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> indicationem poſtulat, & ſolutiones plures. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>non ab re fuerit, ſi <expan abbr="cõtextuum">contextuum</expan> Ariſtotelicorum phraſin aduertamus, & verborum vim explanemus, <lb></lb>vnde res noſtra perſpicua fiat, & Ariſt. </s> <s>conſilium appareat; tametſi ab interpretibus inuolutum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo Philoſophus inquit <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ex ente aut non ente fieri quod fit, aut facere ens, aut pati nihil differt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3296"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἢ τὸν ἰατρόν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ac ſi dicamus medicum aliquid facere, aut pati, quo loquendi modo ſæpius vſus eſt <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>& in Analyticis <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in prima phil. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quare cùm hoc dupliciter dicatur; manifeſtum eſt, quae ex<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3297"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3298"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3299"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eo quod eſt & id quod eſt, aut facere aliquid, aut pati. </s> <s>Vnde apparet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> hæc diſtinctio <lb></lb>accommodatur ad medicum, ſic etiam ad id quod eſt & non, poſſe transferri, vt quod eſt & non <lb></lb>eſt fieri dicatur vel per ſe, vel per accidens, & ex eo quod non eſt, & quod eſt fieri aliquid eodem <lb></lb>modo; nempe ex non ente, quatenus non eſt, aut ex non ente per accidens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex ente fieri per ac<lb></lb>cidens, aut quatenus non eſt, neque ex ente per ſe, aut non ente ſimpliciter. </s> <s>primùm verò quae ex non <lb></lb>ente fit, quatenus id ex quo fit, non eſt. </s> <s>poſt verò quae non fiat ex non ente, quoniam fiat ex non ente <lb></lb>per accidens, quippe ex materia in qua eſt priuatio quæ per ſe eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens, ſiquidem ex hac nihil fiat; <lb></lb>etenim non remanet. </s> <s>Itaque inquit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">γίνεσθαι μὲν οὐδὲν ἁπλῶς ἐκ μὴ οῦτος, ὁμεν μέντοι γί<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3300"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>νεσθαι ἐκ μὴ ὄυτος οἷον κατὰ συμβαβηκὸς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">“ἐκ γὰρ τῆς στερήσεως ὃ ἐστὶ καθ' αὐτὸ μὴ ὃν οὐκ ἐνυπάρ<lb></lb>χοντος γίνεται</foreign>” .i. </s> <s>Feri ſanè nihil ſimpliciter ex non ente, veruntamen fieri ex non ente, vt ſecundùm <lb></lb>accidens; ex priuatione <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod eſt per ſe non ens, quod non ineſt fit; ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> græciſmi cauſſa verten<lb></lb>dum id quod dicitur <foreign lang="grc">οὐκ ἐνυπὰρχοντος</foreign>; nam refertur ad pręcedens neutrum <foreign lang="grc">ὁ ἐστὶ</foreign> quo <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> <lb></lb>genus ex primitur. </s> <s>Vt ſecundùm accidens verò, quae non eſt ſimpliciter per accidens, velut ea quæ <expan abbr="op-ponunt̃">op<lb></lb>ponuntur</expan> primò & ſecundò modo dicendi per ſe, in quibus .ſ. </s> <s>nulla pars eſſentiæ continetur, ſed quòd <lb></lb>cùm materia ſit ſuapte natura poteſtas; ei verò ſit ſemper adfixa priuatio, quæ non ens eſt, ſit poſte <pb pagenum="552"></pb>riore quodam modo per accidens, quia per aliud quaſi per cauſſam, & opponatur ei quod eſt idem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3301"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ac quatenus ipſum, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> priuatio eſt ſecundùm ſe non ens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hanc eſſe legitimam huius loci in<lb></lb>terprętationem, & appoſitá Meliſſęi cauilli <expan abbr="ſolutionẽ">ſolutionem</expan> illa <expan abbr="teſtant̃">teſtantur</expan> vberrimè, quæ mox <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> adſcripſit. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiam & priuationem alterum eſſe dicimus, & horum <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quidem non eſſe ſecun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3302"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dùm accidens, priuationem verò per ſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem germana præceptoris ſummi <expan abbr="sẽtentia">sententia</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tametſi Philoponus occaſionem dubitandi dedit, quid eſſet hoc ens quod fieri <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, & ex quo: nam <lb></lb>putauit ipſe <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἐκ τοῦ δε καὶ τὸδε</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ex hoc & hoc ſignificare ſimul <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & priuationem: ita vt nil <lb></lb>aliud iis vocibus exprimatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod conſtituit terminum à quo, quod eſt materia cum pri<lb></lb>uatione; licèt vox illa poſterior ſic ad vniuerſas priuationes accommodari valeat, vt non ea minus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> priore notari poſſe videantur: quemadmodum his exemplis perſpicuum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: immuſicus fit <lb></lb>muſicus, & ex immuſico; eiſdem verò quę locum materię ſubeant, nullo modo; ita ex ſemine <expan abbr="plã-tam">plan<lb></lb>tam</expan> fieri conſueſſe dici, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſemen fieri plantam, & <expan abbr="ſtatuã">ſtatuam</expan> fieri ex ære, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> æs fieri ſtatuam, <lb></lb>cuius item rei rationem reddidit, eo quòd dum fit ſtatua, mutatio fiat in ære, ſicut in ſubſtantia; ſic <lb></lb>ex ſemine fieri <expan abbr="plantã">plantam</expan>, quia ſeminis ſubſtantia non ſeruetur; verùm nomen <expan abbr="rationemq́">rationemque</expan>. </s> <s>permutet, <lb></lb>contrà euenit, dum album nigro <expan abbr="cõmutatur">commutatur</expan>; remanet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> homo, & ex hoc etiam eò prouectus ſit, vt <lb></lb>exiſtimarit Ariſt. </s> <s>in hiſce appellationibus aliquando ſibi non conſtare; quanuis id ſibi cum cęteris <lb></lb>eius loci interpretibus <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ſit, & cùm anteà <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γῖνόμενον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>fiens (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perſpicuitatis gratia ver<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3303"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bum è verbo exprimamus) appellaſſet ſubiectum quod mutatur in aliquid, & <foreign lang="grc">ὅ γίνεται</foreign> .i. </s> <s>id quod <lb></lb>fit, id .ſ. </s> <s>in quod mutatur, quaſi mutationis extremum, immutaſſe poſtmodò notiones <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> termino<lb></lb>rum, & <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον</foreign> ſibi velle mutationis extremum, <foreign lang="grc">ὃ δὲ γίνεται</foreign>, ſubiectum <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod <expan abbr="tranſmutat̃">tranſmutatur</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3304"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& cauſſam immutationis hanc eſſe dicant, primùm quia teſtetur Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">γινόμενον</foreign> eſſe <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>; <lb></lb>prætereà quae videatur ipſe diſtinguere <foreign lang="grc">ὃ γίνεται</foreign> in ſubiectum & <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, quod eſt priuatio. </s> <s>Sed per<lb></lb>petua eſt earundem vocum notio apud Ariſt. </s> <s>nam duas attulit ipſe locutionum formulas, quibus <lb></lb>tranſmutationis primordia ſignificarentur, <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἐκ τοῦδε, καὶ τὸ τόδε</foreign>; atque priore voce ſignificatus <lb></lb>eſt propriè terminus à quo quę eſt priuatio: ſic rectè dictum eſt immuſico fieri muſicum, & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>recto expreſſum, vt homo fit albus: omne <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod conſtituit terminum à quo, <expan abbr="ſignificatũ">ſignificatum</expan> no<lb></lb>mine <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ γινομένου</foreign>. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in quod pòſt enadit, quod continet terminum ad quem, dici <foreign lang="grc">ὃ γίνεται</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſiquandò etiam recto priuatio exprimitur, aut obliquo ſubiectum, id (quanquam rarò) ex <lb></lb>eo primùm proficiſcitur, quae immuſicum vox eſt ambigua: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> accipitur interdum pro ſubiecto, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> eſt ipſa priuatio & prędicatum. </s> <s>Tum deinde quae vnà cum ſubiecto priuationem concipi<lb></lb>mus; ſiquando priuatione careamus, & per id quod notius eſt, indicamus priuationem, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>fuit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3305"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſius ſententia: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vidit Philoponus æs itidem mutari per accidens, non ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3306"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, ſicut etiam homo, cùm ex albo ſit niger: alteratur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quare eadem <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> dici poſſet ex <lb></lb>homine fieri nigrum, niſi fortè æs <expan abbr="opinat̃">opinatur</expan> mutare rationem, quia ſtatua fiat, & æs non amplius, ſed <lb></lb>ſtatua vocetur: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> res artificioſę ſuam quæque categoriam, ſicuti ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Sed non erit <lb></lb>tunc <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> par æris & ſeminis, quippe quae æs adhuc in ſtatua ſit ſuperſtes & manifeſtum, & iure <expan abbr="habeat̃">habeatur</expan> <lb></lb>materia immanens; ſemen ſecundùm ſubſtantiam planè mutetur, & ſit materia tranſiens; ſemen <lb></lb>amittit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſeu priuationem pręſentem, cuius beneficio ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> mutabatur, æs in ea <lb></lb>mutatione perſpicuè <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſeu priuationem de prædicamento qualitatis amittit. </s> <s>Et quod attinet ad <lb></lb>ea quæ poſt adiecit Ariſt. </s> <s>quæ neceſsitas eſt <expan abbr="immutãdi">immutandi</expan> terminos, ſi <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> terminorum ſignificatione <lb></lb>permanente ſeruari ſententia poteſt? </s> <s>Neque vlla ex iis cauſsis quas Græci recenſebant, habet mo<lb></lb>mentum, cùm prius fiens & id quod fit, ſimplex & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſſe teſtatus fuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>Facilè verò <lb></lb>locus ille defenditur, vel ſtatuendo Ariſt. </s> <s>vti <foreign lang="grc">μεταβάσει</foreign>, quę <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan> interpoſitione eius [quod fit] <lb></lb>& diſtinctionem accommodari ad <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον</foreign>, aut ſiquis figuratam quidem, <expan abbr="inſuetã">inſuetam</expan> verò Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>locutionem non approbet; dicamus illi Ariſt. </s> <s>vti ſanè terminis eiſdem ſub eadem poteſtate, ſed nos <lb></lb>decipi fallacia ſecundùm <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> & diuiſionem qui coniungamus eam <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> [hoc] cum eo <lb></lb>[quod fit] <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="demõſtratiuum">demonſtratiuum</expan> eius quod fit, vt ſi <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> nigrum fiat album, intelligamus fit hoc .i. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg3307"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>album, quod autem, fit hoc, materiam; cùm tamen ad fiens adiungendum ſit, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="demonſtratiuũ">demonſtratiuum</expan> <lb></lb>illius quod in aliud tranſmutatur, quaſi dixerit eſſe fiens & id quod fit hoc .ſ. fiens .i. illud in quod <lb></lb>tranſmutatur fiens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc quod tranſmutatur, eſt duplex, vnde facillimè <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> patent. </s> <s>Ita Ariſt. </s> <s>per <lb></lb>obliquum <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ſignificauit, quod item ſupra vocauerat fiens, & per rectum id quod ſit .i. </s> <s>illud in <lb></lb>quod fiens ipſum, quod occupat locum termini à quo, euadit; eſt autem generationis terminus, & <lb></lb>quod poſteà remanet factum. </s> <s>Sed redeamus ad penſum. </s> <s>Ea quæ 1. Phyſ. tradiderat Ariſt. </s> <s>ad tol<lb></lb>lendas veterum philoſophorum obiectiones, valent etiam ad euertendam propoſitam <expan abbr="difficultatẽ">difficultatem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæritur. </s> <s>Vtrùm ſit generatio ſimpliciter, an non: eam eſſe confitemur. </s> <s>Cùm pòſt opponis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam ita ſe habet id quod ſimpliciter, quemadmodum id quod quodammodo <expan abbr="generat̃">generatur</expan>. </s> <s>Etiam <lb></lb>hactenus damus. </s> <s>Vbi poſteà ſubiicis. </s> <s>At id quod gignitur quodammodo, fit ex eo quod non eſt ali<lb></lb>qua ex parte. </s> <s>Ergo id quod <expan abbr="generat̃">generatur</expan> ſimpliciter, fit ex eo quod ſimpliciter non eſt, id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Con<lb></lb>cedimus. </s> <s>Cùm rurſus opponitur. </s> <s>hoc futurum eſſe nihil: id verò negamus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi dixeris quod <lb></lb>ſimpliciter non eſt, ei quod ſimpliciter eſt, opponi. </s> <s>Fateor equidem. </s> <s>At hoc, inquis, eſt nihil: id <lb></lb>ego nunc inficior. </s> <s>Vrges, quoniam quod ſimpliciter eſt, aut eſt ſubſtantia, aut ens commune, quod <pb pagenum="553"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3308"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>complectitur omne rei genus, & per decem prædicamenta diſtribuitur, & <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> fuerit id <lb></lb>quod non eſſe ponitur, ſiue ſubſtantiam tollat, ſiue etiam vniuerſa prædicamenta, nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> erit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aio nunc id quod non eſt, ex quo generatio fit, opponi ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>At hoc, inquies tu nihil eſt. </s> <s>Re<lb></lb>ſpondeo non ens & non ſubſtantiam eſſe multiplicem; aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt non ens, & non ſubſtantia ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, neque actu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poteſtate: aut quia non eſt eiuſmodi actu, ſed poteſtate duntaxat: proptereà <lb></lb>dico negationem eius vniuſmodi non eſſe; poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeorſum negari, quemadmodum in ambiguis <lb></lb>fieri ſolet: poteſt item <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> negari. </s> <s>ac certè, ſi negetur <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo, ſubſtantia ſimpliciter non <lb></lb>eſt, verùm non ex eo quòd ita non ſit, fit id quod fit, ſed ex altera parte <expan abbr="tãtùm">tantùm</expan> nimirùm ex eo quod <lb></lb>non eſt actu, ſed eſt in potentia, quod certè aliquid eſt, nec aliquid <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, verùm etiam aliquid actu: <lb></lb>licèt actu non ſit id quod efficiendum eſt, ideò non eſt nihil: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> homo ex ſemine, quod quidem <lb></lb>eſt homo in potentia, & aliquid actu, quia ſemen: ſed quoniam non eſt actu homo, ideò ex eo fit <lb></lb>homo: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quanuis homo non ſit; quis ſimpliciter non eſſe dixerit? </s> <s>niſi fortè negauerit tale eſ<lb></lb>ſe indiuiduum, quòd nondum ſpectetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> amplius obſeruetur, quatenus intra eius quod eſt, ſiue <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ ipſius <expan abbr="amplitudinẽ">amplitudinem</expan> continetur; etenim <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſubſtantia tunc eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> quicquam omnino <lb></lb>cęterorum; ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cętera ſimpliciter ſine ſubſtantia ſimpliciter eſſe non poſſunt, ita <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc acci<lb></lb>dentia ſine hac ſubſtantia. </s> <s>nam certè nihil eſt hac <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> id quod generatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alicubi permanet, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3309"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ideò conſueta diſtinctione de qua multò prius diſputatum fuerat; priorem dubitationem è medio <lb></lb>tollebat Ariſt. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò id poſteà planius fiet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam ab ipſomet Ariſt. </s> <s>in controuer<lb></lb>ſiam reuocatum eſt, vt ſi fiat id quod eſt, ex eo quod eſt potentia, non fiat ex nihilo: ſic. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id <lb></lb>ex quo fit ſubſtantia, ſolùm actu non ſit, ſit verò potentia: id certè aut nullum eſt è reliquis prædi<lb></lb>camentis, aut aliquid ex iis: quandò nequit eſſe ſubſtantia: nam quod ſimpliciter fit, ſubſtantia eſt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>fiat ex eo quod non eſt, neceſſariò fit è non ſubſtantia. </s> <s>quòd ſi actu nullum eſt ex aliis prędi<lb></lb>camentis: ergo ſequetur, vt ſit penitus nihil. </s> <s>quapropter eôdem reuoluetur hæc difficultas. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi dixeris hoc quod non eſſe accipimus, ſignificare prædicamentum quoddam quod actu ſit exce<lb></lb>pta ſubſtantia; neceſſariò fiet, vt accidens à ſubſtantia ſeparatum reperiri poſsit, quo nil minus cer<lb></lb>tè fieri poteſt. </s> <s>Hoc ergo aduerſus ſuperiora dubitare contingit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3296"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 73.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3297"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3298"></margin.target>c 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 4. 2</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3299"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3300"></margin.target>T. 75.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3301"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3302"></margin.target>a T. 79.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3303"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3304"></margin.target>b T. 64.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3305"></margin.target>c 2. Me. c. <lb></lb>T. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3306"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3307"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3308"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3309"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum generatio & corruptio perpetuò ſint. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED ad intelligentiam propoſitæ quæſtionis plurimùm valebit id cognoſcere. </s> <s>ecquid ſit cauſſę, <lb></lb>cur generatio & corruptio rerum <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan> ſit; hoc eſt, quòd ſi temporis aliquid intermittit, poſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3310"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quandam periodum redit quæ tamen nullis temporis limitibus <expan abbr="concludat̃">concludatur</expan>. </s> <s>De hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maximè du<lb></lb>bitandum fuit, eo quòd generatio tranſitus eſt de eo quod non eſt, ad id quod eſt; corruptio verò ex <lb></lb>eo quod eſt, ad illi <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> quod non eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi corruptio talis eſt; cur ergo non deficit <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan>? <lb></lb></s> <s>deberet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> intermitti nonnunquam, ſi in corruptione fit tranſitus ad id quod non eſt, quod <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, nec quantum, nec quale, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="vllũ">vllum</expan> ex aliis prędicamentis: maximo igitur ſpatio temporis <lb></lb>intercedente <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> in id quod non eſſet, abire oportebat; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam in nihilum <expan abbr="cõuerti">conuerti</expan>: quare <lb></lb>nec quicquam debuit eſſe ſuperſtes, quòd in id quod non eſſet, mutaretur; nec ob id perſeuerare cor<lb></lb>ruptio: nam finitum, vt Phyſici dicunt, finiti ablatione conſumi conſueuit. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt quòd ad <lb></lb>infinitatem <expan abbr="quãdam">quandam</expan> confugias. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è naturali philoſophia infinitas actu exploſa eſt, quòd ſiquis <lb></lb>infinitatem illam in diuidendo accipiat, qui actus quidam imperfectus eſt, quam nos in natura con<lb></lb>cedimus; neque item id illi ſuccedet, quod ſperare poſſet: ſiquidem eiuſmodi partitio ſemper ad <lb></lb>minora procedit; quamobrem ſi fieret in tale <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> corruptio infinita; generatio ſemper ex mi<lb></lb>noribus exiſteret. </s> <s>ita quæ fiunt, aſsiduè minuerentur, cuius tamen oppoſitum ſignificat ſenſus qui <lb></lb>tantundem terræ generari conſpicit, vbi aqua <expan abbr="exhalarit̃">exhalaritur</expan>, & hyeme reparari videt ea elementa quæ <lb></lb>æſtate præcedente calor abſumpſerat. </s> <s>Noſſe igitur oportet duo generaliter eſſe principia continui<lb></lb>tatis motus; vnum quidem efficiens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum materiam & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> generationis & cor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3311"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ruptionis expers eſt per ſe, & ſiquo pacto mutationibus hiſce obnoxium eſt; id accidenti <expan abbr="tribuendũ">tribuendum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, illi nimirùm quod in eo corrumpitur; hoc verò priuationem eſſe audiemus quæ ſanè in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> gene<lb></lb>ratione requiritur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> tranſmutatione, ſeu vera ſit, ſiue etiam metaphorica: quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>gignitur, ex materia gignitur, in qua priuatio reſidet formæ producendæ: <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo quicquid <lb></lb><expan abbr="corrumpit̃">corrumpitur</expan>, tranſit in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, &, vt propriè dixerint, <expan abbr="reſoluit̃">reſoluitur</expan> in ſubiectum in quo ſuccedit priuatio, <lb></lb>quæ oppoſita eſt formæ præcedenti, ac ſi fieri aut corrumpi debuiſſet, ex alia profectò materia, aut <lb></lb>ex nihilo producendo fuiſſet, & in aliam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, aut in nihilum abitura. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de qua<lb></lb>libet mutatione faciendum eſt. </s> <s>Efficiens verò duplex; vnum quidem immobile, quod à materia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> concretione ſecretum eſt; eſt verò D. O. M. alterum autem mobile, & illud quidem per<lb></lb>petuum, huiuſmodi verò cęlum eſt, quod ſua perenni rotatione quæ opera planetarum, qui per <lb></lb>Zodiacum contra primum mobile feruntur, abſoluitur & completur; lumen ad nos affert, & mo<lb></lb>do tepefaciens elementa ſuperiora producit, aliàs aufert idem lumen, & refrigerans illa corrumpit, <lb></lb>& hæc inferiora propagat. </s> <s>hinc:</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3310"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3311"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Horrifer Aquilonis ſtridor gelidas molitur niues<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Inde poſteà conſpicimus. </s> <s></s></p> <pb pagenum="554"></pb> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cęlum niteſcere, arbores frondeſcere,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3312"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3312"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vites lętificas pampinis pubeſcere<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ramos baccarum vbertate incurueſcere</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Segetes largiri fruges: florere omnia<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Fontes ſcatere: herbis prata conueſtirier<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>& illa</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Frigora miteſcunt Zephyris: ver proterit æstas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Interitura ſimul<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Pomifer autumnus fruges effuderit: & mox</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Bruma recurret iners<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et quanquam de mobili illo efficiente poſteà multa dicenda ſunt; attamen illud non omittendum, <lb></lb>quod facit in rem præſentem ſicut in ortu & interitu rerum duo ſunt <expan abbr="obſeruãda">obſeruanda</expan> ſucceſsio illorum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſucceſsioniſq́">ſucceſsioniſque</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuitas; ſic & efficientis illius mobilis eſſe duas actiones, morum diurnum, qui <lb></lb>cùm ſemper idem ſit; eſt cauſſa perpetuitatis, & annuum planetarum, qui cùm ſit varius, eſt cauſſa <lb></lb>ſucceſsionis. </s> <s>Immobile, quoniam à materia ſecretum eſt, alterius certè negocij foret; verùm & nos <lb></lb>cùm generales cauſſas motus in hoc volumine inquitamus, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliqua <expan abbr="licẽtia">licentia</expan> in hac methodo abu<lb></lb>temur, & plura fortaſſe dicemus de illo, quàm phyſico par eſſet. </s> <s>interim verò de materia diſſera<arrow.to.target n="marg3313"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus, & ab eius ingenio quæſtionis propoſitæ cauſſam, & ſolutionem petamus. </s> <s>Ea quidem cauſſa eſt <lb></lb>iſtius perpetuæ rerum ſucceſsionis, quod in ipſa imperfectio quædam eſt, & idcirco appetitus qui<lb></lb>dam formæ quo tracta ſemper exuitur pręſentibus, ac nouas veluti quidam Proteus induitur, qui, <lb></lb>cùm perpetuus ſit, in cauſſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, vt materia ſemper nouis generationibus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corruptionibus <lb></lb>ſubiiciatur, & ſubinde vt vnius corruptio alterius item ſit generatio. </s> <s>Ergo non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> in id quod non <lb></lb>eſt, abeunt, neque <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> deficiunt; quanuis corruptio eò quod non eſt per ſe terminetur. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>corruptio reipſa fit in id quod ſimpliciter <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit, ſed ſecundùm <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> tantùm, neque in id quod non <lb></lb>eſt, hoc eſt, nihilum, deſinit; verùm ex hac re certa quæ ſit, in alia certam quæ non ſit, abit, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> fit interitus hominis in non <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> non hominem, verùm in certum non <lb></lb>hominem, vtputa, cadauer quod & ſi reipſa homo non eſt, & ſic non eſt; at certè <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe aliquid eſt, ha<lb></lb>bens in ſe rationem ſolam eius quod non eſt, hoc eſt, non hominis. </s> <s>ab hoc ergo non abeunt in nihi<lb></lb>lum; neque generatio ceſſat. </s> <s>& contrà, ſiquid fieri debet; etiam neceſſe eſt, vt ex aliquo fiat quod <lb></lb>habeat certam formam, cùm in ea ſit ratio certæ priuationis per quam, dum corruptio fit; materia <lb></lb>ad alteram formam tranſmutàtur: cuius ſignum; quòd ſi alteram capere ipſa velit, ſpoliari pręſen<lb></lb>te neceſſe ſit; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem id eueniat, vt cuiuſpiam generatio corruptio ſit alterius, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimul <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3314"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſiſtere formæ illæ poſſunt. </s> <s>ita quaſi circulus quidam ſunt generatio & corruptio, dum vno ſu<lb></lb>blato alterum ſuccedat oportet, & dum hoc fit, alterum neceſſariò corrumpatur. </s> <s>quem ſanè circu<lb></lb>lum, quòd elegantiſsimè expreſſum apud Platonem legimus; eius verba propter elegantiam hoc lo<lb></lb>co ſubſcribere non grauabimur. </s> <s>inquit enim. <foreign lang="grc">εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἀεὶ ἀνταποδιδόιη τὰ ἑτερατοῖς ἑτέροις <lb></lb>γιγνόμενα, ὡσπερ εἰ κύκλῳ τεριιοντα· ἀλλ' εύθεῖα. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τίς εἴη ἡ γένεσις ἐκ τοῦ ἑτέρου μόνον EI̓ς τὸ καταν <lb></lb>τικρύ καὶ μὴ ἀνακἁμπτ̂ῃ πάλιν ἐπι τὸ ἑτὲρον; μηδὲ καμπὴν ποιοῖτο, οἶσθ' ὁτι πάντα τελευτῶντα <lb></lb>παύσαιτο γιγνόμενα</foreign>, quod eſt. </s> <s>“Niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alijs alia ſuccedant in lucem prodeuntia, tanquam in orbem <lb></lb>circumeuntia, ſed recta quædam generatio fit ex altero ſolùm in id quod eſt è regione; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> iterum <lb></lb>ad alterum reflectatur, neque conuerſionem faciat.” ſcito omnia finem aſſequentia à generatione ceſ<lb></lb>ſatura. </s> <s>&, ſi tantiſper in re ſeria ſupercilium tollere licet: hæc rerum reflexio, ſiue circuitus ea rota <lb></lb>ſit, cui manus & pedes Ixioni Iunonis amore incenſo à magno Ioue arctiſsimis vinculis aſtricta <lb></lb>ſunt, quæ voluitur in perpetuum, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>rotæ Ixion clamat, alligatus, benemeritis gratiam eſſe refe<lb></lb>rendam: eſt autem benè meritus Iuppiter, qui & iuuans pater eſt, & à Poëtis pater <expan abbr="hominumq́ue">hominumque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="deûmq́">deûmque</expan>. </s> <s>dicitur, & O. M. & quidem antè O. ideſt <expan abbr="beneficẽtiſsimus">beneficentiſsimus</expan>, quàm M. quia maius eſt <expan abbr="certeq́">certeque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>gratius prodeſſe omnibus quàm opes magnas habere: hoc igitur pręſtat quæ pulchritudine formæ <lb></lb>incenſa, à D. O. M. rotatur aſsiduè. </s> <s>Sed ad propoſitum reuertamur. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Plato Timęo cor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3315"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ruptionem inſinuans in generationem, monſtrat corruptionem in nihilum non habire. </s> <s>Ex his <lb></lb>etiam ſumi poteſt occaſio diluendi præcedentem quæſtionem quæ quærebatur; ex quonam, quod <lb></lb>non eſſet, generatio fieret, & an hoc quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ad aliquod <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan> referri queat, aut potius <lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <expan abbr="prędicamẽto">prędicamento</expan> <expan abbr="expungendũ">expungendum</expan>, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit actu. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hoc quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ponimus, cum aliqua <expan abbr="ſub-ſtãtia">ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> aſsiduè <expan abbr="comitat̃">comitatur</expan> ipſi aliqua forma, in qua manet futurę priuatio, vt <expan abbr="hõ">homo</expan> fit ex non <lb></lb><expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan>, qui non eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt hoc .i. </s> <s>homo: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſemen, in quo eſt materia, ex qua <expan abbr="conſti-tuit̃">conſti<lb></lb>tuitur</expan> homo, & humanę formę priuatio, <expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> beneficio materia illa <expan abbr="humanã">humanam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="cõcupiſcit">concupiſcit</expan>: verun<lb></lb>tamen habet ea materia <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="quãdã">quandam</expan>, nec vllo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> re, ſed cogitatione <expan abbr="dũtaxat">duntaxat</expan> ab ipſa <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fit ex nihilo. </s> <s>id quod fit ex eo quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan>, & ex eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> ſolùm, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> per ſe actu <lb></lb><expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> eſt, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> actu id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="producendũ">producendum</expan> eſt, ac <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan>, ſed actu hoc, <expan abbr="po-tẽtia">po<lb></lb>tentia</expan> verò & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens id nimirùm quod <expan abbr="generãdũ">generandum</expan> eſt, vt <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> formaliter <expan abbr="sũpta">sumpta</expan> <expan abbr="intueat̃">intueatur</expan> ſolùm, vt ita <lb></lb>dixerim, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="exiſtẽtiã">exiſtentiam</expan>, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <expan abbr="quaten9">quatenus</expan> <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>, certè <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> nihil. </s> <s>ideò dixit <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>poteſtate eſt <expan abbr="hõ">homo</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, & <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="reb9">rebus</expan> attribui quae ſint, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> actu <expan abbr="forẽt">forent</expan>. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> hęc reipſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan> ab actu à quo <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> cauſſa, cur <expan abbr="quodcũq.">quodcunque</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan>, idcirco illud <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> poteſtate <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan>, nihil prorſus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan>. </s> <s><pb pagenum="555"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3316"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3313"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3314"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3315"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3316"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm ſit vna potestas ad contraria, nec'ne. </s> <s>Caput XIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED quo pacto Ariſt. </s> <s>vnam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> generationis <expan abbr="corruptionisq́">corruptionisque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam reddidit, cùm eę videan<lb></lb>tur eſſe contrarię: contrariorum verò cauſſæ contrariæ ſint? </s> <s>Poſtulat hoc quidem, vt propoſitio<lb></lb>nis huiuſce veritatem in primis exploremus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & oppoſitum aliquando teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> contrariorum cauſſam eſſe aſſeuerans; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm id de poteſtate naturali profeſſus eſt, verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>de habitib. animi noſtri, quippe quae & ſcientiam eandem oppoſitorum eſſe defenderit, & artem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>facultatem, vt medicam & nauticam, interitus & ſalutis, ita & in hominis actionib. eſſe habitum bo<lb></lb>ni & mali. </s> <s>quamobrem pars <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> problematis à philoſophis munita argumentis eſt, vt ab inſtitu<lb></lb>to noſtro non futurum ſit alienum, ſi rem hanc mox vberius pertractemus. </s> <s>Nam quae <expan abbr="eędẽ">eędem</expan> cauſſæ non <lb></lb>ſint, hoc inter alia perſuadet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eorum quæ ſe viciſsim reſpiciunt, eadem eſt ratio, ſed actus & <lb></lb>potentia ſunt huiuſmodi: quare ſicut actus ſimul conſiſtere non poſſunt, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> potentia. </s> <s>Prætereà <lb></lb>potentię diſtinguuntur ex actib. & actus ex obiectis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> igitur obiecta contraria ſunt, & <lb></lb>à ſe inuicem ſeparata, ſic item poteſtates & actus. </s> <s>Sed quoniam poteſtates actuoſę, aut patibiles ſunt <lb></lb>& ex actuoſis quædam rationis compotes, nonnullæ expertes, nos ante alia de patibilib. agemus. </s> <s>Sci<lb></lb>re ergo licet poteſtatem eſſe indeterminationem quandam ad oppoſita incerto ſubiecta; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3317"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3318"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non magis aptum quippiam ſit ad vnum ex oppoſitis accipiendum, quàm alterum, & in quouis <expan abbr="tẽ-pore">tem<lb></lb>pore</expan>. </s> <s>ac ſi hoc potius, quàm illud obtineat, id certè ab efficiente cauſſa proficiſcitur quę poteſtatem <lb></lb>ipſam deducit ad actum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab ea poteſtate quæ deducitur, nam per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſi efficiens affuiſ<lb></lb>ſet, alterum oppoſitum conſimili ratione ſuſcepiſſet. </s> <s>Proptereà nos admonebat Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="potẽtiam">potentiam</expan> quę <lb></lb>ſuaptè natura eſt indeterminata; egere alio quod dominetur, vt appetitu, & electione. </s> <s>Adeſſe verò <lb></lb>eiuſmodi facultatem ad oppoſita ſimul, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore ex eo percipitur, quae dum alterum ex op<lb></lb>poſitis præſtò foret, alterum nunc accipere non valeret, ſiue adeſſet efficiens, ſiue etiam abeſſet: & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nunc id quod calidum eſt, frigidum fieri poteſt: ſed illud obtinet quod ab efficiente quod præue<lb></lb>uit, incuſſum eſt. </s> <s>veruntamen poteſtas ad aliud aſsiduè conſeruatur: nam ſi minus, immutabile per<lb></lb>petuò permaneret, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> alterum è contrarijs accepiſſet, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poteſtas adeſt quæ eſt ad præſens <expan abbr="cõ-trarium">con<lb></lb>trarium</expan>, quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pacto calidum actu ſit, niſi eſſe potuit? </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi poteſtas veluti habitudo quædam <lb></lb>accipiatur ad actum, ſic non vna ſimpliciter eſt ad contraria, verùm totidem, quot ſunt actus illi re<lb></lb>ſpondentes, ita non quia ad numerum vna ſit, ſic appellatur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt vnum ad numerum ſine a<lb></lb>ctu, ſed vna dicitur, ſi natura ſubiecti ſpectetur, non vna verò, ſi reſpexeris actus ipſos <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> potentia <lb></lb>terminatur, at iam degenerat in proximam. </s> <s>Primum illum vnius modum ſpeciatim hac voce notauit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3319"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Auerroes, per indifferentiam, quae æqualiter ſe habet poteſtas ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> contraria, quo item modo au<lb></lb>diemus vnam eſſe materiam primam. </s> <s>Sed prætereà actus illi <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aliqua potentia terminatur, aut <lb></lb>poſitiui ſunt, aut priuantes: & certè <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> quę ad actus poſitiuos dirigitur, vnam re non eſſe pla<lb></lb>nè exiſtimo: at verò vbi ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> fuerit, & priuationem, eam eſſe vnam prorſus aio, non <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> cauſ<lb></lb>ſa ſubiecti, verum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia reipſa vna ſit: quia .ſ. </s> <s>nulla accedat ſubiecto ipſi habitudo ad <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed ad formam duntaxat. </s> <s>ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> priuatio non diſtinguitur à ſubiecto, niſi connotato: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt <expan abbr="q̃-dam">qua<lb></lb>dam</expan> habitudo ad formam; re uera <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nihil eſt: ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> potentia ad priuationem ponit aliud, atque <lb></lb>ſubiectum ipſum, ſed habilitatem ſolùm in eo ſignificat quæ per ſe ipſummet ſubiectum eſt ſine for<lb></lb>ma, ſed cum relatione ad formam, proinde quoniam contraria ponunt aliud in ſubiecto, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> habilita<lb></lb>tem, & actus diſtinctos inſuper afferunt, vna contrariorum poteſtas ſimpliciter non eſt, ſed plures, <lb></lb>vna verò ſimpliciter quę ad actum & priuationem dirigitur. </s> <s>Quòd verò ad actuoſas ſpectat, hę ſa<lb></lb>nè pendent ab efficiente, & forma, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> forma hoc loco in efficientib. numeratur, <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> verò mo<lb></lb>do poteſtatem vnam, & plures eſſe contingit, vnam quidem quæ ſui præſentia efficiat actum, abſen<lb></lb>tia verò imponat priuationem, etenim & priuatio dicitur carentia formæ: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in libris <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3320"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de motu frequenter accepta fuit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item carentia efficientis, quo pacto nauta dicitur, qui ſui præ<lb></lb>ſentia ſalutem, abſentia verò molitur interitum. </s> <s>Vna igitur re ad oppoſita priuatiuè, plures ratione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3321"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> potentiæ proximę. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò par ſit poteſtas ad oppoſita? </s> <s>Minimè quidem, primùm cauſ<lb></lb>ſa eſſentiæ, quoniam vna ſimpliciter eſt, altera ambigua, hæc ambigua quæ cum actu coniuncta eſt, <lb></lb>propriè verò quę abeſt ab actu, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alterum ex oppoſitis actu ineſſe neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> illud ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obeſt, quia ſint contraria <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> interueniat medium, quorum neutrum in ſubiecto ineſſe neceſ<lb></lb>ſe ſit, quandoquidem media alterius contrarij poteſtatem ſemper obtinent. </s> <s>Quid ſi obiicias ignim <lb></lb>in quo, cùm habeat contrarium, ſententia non ineſſe videtur ad alterum? </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> frigidus ignis <expan abbr="vñ-quàm">vnn<lb></lb>quàm</expan> cogitari poteſt. </s> <s>An vt ad contrarium in ipſo potentiæ ratio non ineſt, quoniam ſe habet ad al<lb></lb>terum, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ad actum ſolùm, habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rationem actus, non oppoſiti in igni caliditas, & <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> differen<lb></lb>tia quæ conſtituit & complet eſſentiam, niſi & ipſa differentia propriè ſit, veluti rationis capax, aut <lb></lb>riſus in homine. </s> <s>quamobrem, ſicuti non dicitur hominem eſſe potentia ratione vtens, aut <expan abbr="carẽs">carens</expan>, aut <lb></lb>riſus compos, vel impos, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> calidus ignis, aut frigidus. </s> <s>Etenim id quod poteſtate eſt, vniuocè <lb></lb>vult conſeruari, vt illa accipiat quæ ſibi inhærere poſſunt, & poſtquam alterum acceperit, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alteri lo<lb></lb>cum dare, ſi opus ſit, at ſi homo poteſtate ſit ad rationis compos, vel impos, tum certè ſine ratione <lb></lb>ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> homo ſine eſſentia prorſus fuerit, quod nullo pacto cogitari poteſt, ita de calore & igni <expan abbr="dicẽdum">dicen<pb pagenum="556"></pb>dum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Etiam cauſſa propenſionis ineſt in poteſtate diſparitas. </s> <s>quandò ex oppoſitis vnum eſt habi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3322"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus, alterum priuatio, vnum propter ſe expetendum, alterum aut fugiendum, aut ſaltem <expan abbr="expetendũ">expetendum</expan> <lb></lb>propter aliud. </s> <s>Et ea quæ anteà fuerunt oppoſita, nihil nos conturbant: quippe quae æqualis non ſit gra<lb></lb>dus potentiarum & actuum: actus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> finiunt, & dant eſſe: ac duo, quae vnum ſint, fieri nequit, ita fit vt <lb></lb>è duob. </s> <s>in actu non fiat vnum, quae à ſingulis ſingula eſſe permánant, potentiæ, licèt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſæ pares eſſe <lb></lb>non poſsint in vno ſubiecto, cùm imperfectæ ſint, conſiſtere poſſunt: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſpecies in vno medio <lb></lb>contrariæ manent, quia completum eſſe non largiuntur, & contraria remiſſa ſimul in medio ſubſi<lb></lb>ſtunt. </s> <s>Cùm opponebatur ſecundò potentias diſtingui ex obiectis, quare, quemadmodum obiecta ip<lb></lb>ſa ſeparata ſunt, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> potentias eſſe conuenire. </s> <s>Primùm dicamus, contraria <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ſic ſe ha<lb></lb>bere, vt ex illis alterum ſit, velut habitus; alterum verò, ſicut priuatio. </s> <s>quapropter vnum <expan abbr="quodãmo-do">quodammo<lb></lb>do</expan> in altero perſpicitur, & ad id quod melius eſt, poteſtas ipſa per ſe ordinatur; ad alterum verò p ac<lb></lb>cidens & per conſecutionem, quocirca vna quodam pacto eſt ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> poteſtas. </s> <s>Quòd ſi in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> <lb></lb>contrario ratio quædam poſitiui ineſt, vt in albo & nigro, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reſpondemus; poteſtatem cauſſa ſub<lb></lb>iecti, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem non remotam, ſed proximam, pro actuum ratione multiplicari. </s> <s>quapropter ad<lb></lb>hibita diſtinctione, multa loca Ariſtotelis quæ longum foret enumerare, facilè conciliari, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> defen<lb></lb>di poſſunt. </s> <s>Eaſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diſtinctiones accommodare licet ad alteram illam <expan abbr="propoſitionẽ">propoſitionem</expan> <expan abbr="communẽ">communem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3323"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quę talis eſt, vnam eſſe <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>contrariorum ſcientiam. </s> <s>Verùm nos alio loco ſenſum eius propoſi<lb></lb>tionis explicare conſtituimus. </s> <s>Sic igitur, vt eò redeam, cuius gratia digreſſus ſum; materia cauſſa eſt <lb></lb>generationis & corruptionis, vna tanquam ſubiectum, & eſt indeterminatum quid ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> cùm <lb></lb>cæteroqui contrariorum cauſſæ proximæ contrariæ ſint, atque potentiæ, quas de nouo materiæ ex <lb></lb>præſentia contrariorum efficientiam aduenire credendum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3317"></margin.target>a Alex. 1. <lb></lb>Q 19. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Idem 2. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> <lb></lb>15 9 Met. <lb></lb>T. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3318"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3319"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3320"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 68.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3321"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3322"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3323"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm corruptio vnius ſit alterius generatio, nec'ne. </s> <s>Caput XIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANQVAM generationis ipſius primò cauſſa eſt materia: omnis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> res ſuopte impulſu <lb></lb>inclinat ad bonum; hoc verò eſt eſſe: quod per generationem mortalia conſequuntur, eadem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reſpicit corruptionem: nec tibi non iure videbitur eam eſſe <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſam corruptio<lb></lb>nis, hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in ſola materia radices agere videtur, & ab ea ſola proficiſci; quippe quæ neceſsitatem ma<lb></lb>teriæ ſubſequatur. </s> <s>Sed ad hoc Peripateticè ſic reſponderi poſſe credimus. </s> <s>quanuis corruptio & alte<lb></lb>rum ex oppoſitis quod eſt non eſſe, primò proficiſcantur à materia, nihilominus id quod dicimus pri<lb></lb>mò ab aliqua cauſſa naſci, oratio ſimplex non eſt, ſed ambigua. </s> <s>vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea oratione notatur collatio ef<lb></lb>fectus cum cauſsis diuerſis, vel ordo cauſſæ, ſeu facultatis ad eiuſmodi effectum, ſiue actum libeat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3324"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>appellare. </s> <s>àc primò quidem modo ſenſus illius orationis eſt; cùm prodeat effectus à plurib. cauſsis; <lb></lb>ab vtrá nam primò permanet, & cui'nam primò ſuam originem referat acceptam, altero <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modo <lb></lb>cùm cauſſa diuerſos effectus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò <expan abbr="cõtrarios">contrarios</expan> directò ſpectet; quem'nam ex his primo intueatur, <lb></lb>vt ex illis alter fit veluti ſcopus; alter verò tanquam ex acceſsione. </s> <s>Equidem arbitror priore illo mo<lb></lb>do corruptionem & non eſſe à materia proficiſci. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à materia primò pendent, vt à nulla alia cauſ<lb></lb>ſa priore producantur: at non primò dirigitur ipſa ad corruptionem & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vergeret ad ma<lb></lb>lum, cuius <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nullam principem cauſſam à natura conſtituram eſſe Peripateticè defendimus. </s> <s>quae ma<lb></lb>lum apud Peripateticos idem ſit àc nihil, quod ſanè maiorem in modum naturæ inſtituta conuellit: <lb></lb>ſed omnis inclinatio naturæ inferioris eſt ad generationem & eſſe, ad corruptionem verò & non eſ<lb></lb>ſe; non quidem intrinſecus, & familiari quodam nixu concitatur; ſed à neceſsitate quadam videtur <lb></lb>impelli, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>generari forma noua non poteſt, niſi vetus aboleatur, propter repugnantiam. </s> <s>Ex <lb></lb>his, quæ paullò antè tractata ſunt, licet aliam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> difficultatem è medio tollere. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne cor<lb></lb>ruptio generationi antecedat, an <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> potius eueniat. </s> <s>Prius enim & poſterius multiplex eſt. </s> <s>aut ori<lb></lb>gine & <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan>, aut pfectione. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan>, quod ad tempus <expan abbr="p̨tinet">pertinet</expan>, <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> in eodem <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> puncto abſolui di<lb></lb>ctum eſt anteà: nam ſimul corrupta eſt forma vetus, & noua producta; origine verò <expan abbr="p̃cedit">pncedit</expan> corruptio, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3325"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corrumpatur hoc neceſſe eſt, quàm alterum exoriatur: nam forma rei quæ corrumpitur pro<lb></lb>pter repugnantiam in eadem materia conſiſtere non poteſt. </s> <s>At perfectione longè prior eſt genera<lb></lb>tio, quàm corruptio; quòd generatio prius appetatur, cum ab efficiente, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à materia, quæ <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> <lb></lb>appetit nouam formam, & cupit expoliari pręſente, vt tanquam Tityus terræ filius in campo iacens <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> à duobus vulturibus iecore attonſus, eos manibus repellere non poſsit. (libet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc, id quod <lb></lb>Poëtæ ſapientiſsimi in appetitu bruto poſuerunt (nam</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3324"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3325"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Tityus nob. </s> <s>hic est in amore, iacentem</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quem volucres lacerant, atque exeſt anxius angor<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aut aliæ quæuis ſcindunt torpedine curæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.)</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>etiam ad appetitum naturalem transferre, qui per <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> & omnem mundi inferioris partem porrigi<lb></lb>tur) ipſa <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> appetitu quodam, vt ita dicam, omniuolo quærat formam, & <expan abbr="p̃ſente">praeſente</expan> exui cupiat, quo<lb></lb>niam cum ea coniuncta priuatio eſt, quam à ſe vult inſtar magni mali depellere. </s> <s>Inde vulgare illud <lb></lb>pronunciatum erupit. </s> <s>Vnius corruptionem, alterius eſſe generationem. </s> <s>Non multis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> verbis expli<lb></lb>care. </s> <s>libet ſenſum propoſitionis illius, de quo ita multa dicunt Latini noſtri, vt cauillos cauillis accu <pb pagenum="557"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3326"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mulantes, velut ignem igni, procedant in immenſum. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eius propoſitionis ſententia: <expan abbr="corruptionẽ">corruptionem</expan> <lb></lb>.ſ. </s> <s>vnius alterius eſſe generationem, vt pro eo quod corruptum eſt, aliud natura ſufficiat, quod ha<lb></lb>beat propriam formam, aut abſolutam, aut priuationem, quæ eſt forma quædam; ſicut in his, quæ per <lb></lb>reſolutionem generantur, veluti cadauer, aut vnum hoc ſit, aut plura, quemadmodum ex vnius mi<lb></lb>ſti interitu plura fiunt elementa, aut contrà, vbi è plurib. elementis vnum mixtum componatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>intelligitur hæc viciſsitudo corruptionis & generationis in ſubſtantiis; ſeu res ſecundùm formam in<lb></lb>tereat, vt cùm ex animali fit homo, quae animalis ratio propria mutatur, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> forma ipſa amittatur, vt <lb></lb>cùm è terra ſit ignis: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> de his ſolis erat ſuſpicio, ne in nihilum eſſent abitura. </s> <s>Quoniam verò poſ<lb></lb>ſet obiicere quiſpiam ſic. </s> <s>generetur minimum ignis, quod ſit mole grani vnius, ex aquæ minimo, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>ſit decuplo minus: <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> minimus ignis fiat; euenit, vt partes aquæ corrumpantur: cùm verò <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> <lb></lb>partium quantitate conſiſtere ignis forma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit, ergo fit vt aqua intereat, nil <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ex illa gignatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad hoc ita reſpondemus, indicantes aliqua aſſumi, quæ in Peripatetica Philoſophia concedi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> primùm id non neceſſarium eſſe dicimus, vt minimum aquæ corrumpatur <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> par<lb></lb>tem quantitatis, cùm vel ipſomet Ariſt. </s> <s>auctore, poſsit agens tranſmutare ſubiectum ſecundùm <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <lb></lb>ſuas partes, vnde ſpecies illa tranſmutationis efficitur quam <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόαν</foreign> Græci vocant de qua <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt <lb></lb>aliàs: vbi patiens ab agente oppidò ſuperetur, vt ſi ipſum <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> circunuallarit. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non conce<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3327"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dendum. </s> <s>quippe quae repugnantiam præſeferat. </s> <s>etenim ipſi volunt ex aquæ minimo fieri ignem, de<lb></lb>in aquæ formam remanere ponunt, vbi iam quædam eius pars corrupta fuerit, at ſi .i. </s> <s>aut non eſt prę <lb></lb>finita ratio magnitudinis & paruitatis in reb. naturalib. quod tamen eſt falſiſsimum; aut ſi remanet <lb></lb>forma, iam illud aquæ minimum non eſt, quemadmodum ipſi acceperunt. </s> <s>Poſtremò dicimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nil <lb></lb>abſurdi conſequi, ſi fateamur eam aquæ partem, in qua nequit inſidere forma ignis, ambienti corpo<lb></lb>ri acceſiſſe; cum <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>coniunctam eandem formam ſuſcepiſſe. </s> <s>Cętera verò, quæ aduerſus eam pro<lb></lb>poſitionem afferuntur, digna ſunt, vt ſilentio committantur. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> philoſophum decet quaſcun<lb></lb>que perſequi vel leues obiectiones, & eas quarum fallaciam <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> vel mediocriter verſatus in dia<lb></lb>lecticis, ſine vllo negotio deprehendat. </s> <s>Verùm tranſeamus ad reliqua.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3326"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3327"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Redduntur cauſſæ, cur è mutationibus quædam ſimpliciter appellantur, alię quodammodo, & <lb></lb>iudicium nostrum adſcribitur. </s> <s>Caput XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EA tamen quæ ab Ariſt. </s> <s>decreta fuerant, ad primam illam controuerſiam profligandam, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> no<lb></lb>uæ cuidam præbebant occaſionem. </s> <s>eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae vnius corruptio alterius generatio ſit: qua'nam ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3328"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione fit, vt aliqua corruptio vel generatio dicatur ſimpliciter; alia verò quodammodo? </s> <s>nam quae ita <lb></lb>nuncupentur <expan abbr="vtręq.">vtręque</expan> ex vſu loquendi <expan abbr="p̨ſpicuum">perſpicuum</expan> eſt: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quædam quæ ſimpliciter generari & cor<lb></lb>rumpi dicimus, vt quæ fiunt hoc aliquid. </s> <s>verbigratia, cùm fit Socrates, aut animal, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, cùm in<lb></lb>tercunt; etenim tranſmùtationes eorum ſine vlla appendicula pronunciantur: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diſcens fit do<lb></lb>ctus, aut doctus dediſcit, non ſimpliciter fieri, aut corrumpi dicimus: ſed hoc totum, cum hoc addi<lb></lb>tamento, quod fit ſciens, & totum quod corrumpitur; dum totum ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> capiatur, quod <lb></lb>in partium vniuerſitate poſitum eſt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> materia ſemper remanet. </s> <s>Ea eſt dubitatio à loquendi conſue<lb></lb>tudine accepta. </s> <s>De cuius tamen ſolutione <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> dicenda ſunt: tùm quae Ariſt. </s> <s>ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="tollendã">tollendam</expan> tres ſo<lb></lb>lutiones in medio ponit: <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd de prioris ſenſu nil eruitur certi ex interpretib. vt nihil ex hoc <lb></lb>progreſſu <expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> nob. </s> <s>conſtet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quae Ariſt. </s> <s>à confuſis ad diſtincta nos ſenſim perducat. </s> <s>Cùm igitur hoc <lb></lb>quærimus (vt tandem <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ipſam cominus aggrediamur) cur è mutationib. hæ dicantur ſimpliciter; il<lb></lb>lę <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, id certè à rerum differentijs exoritur, inter quas tranſmutatio fit: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> motu <lb></lb>duo ſunt termini, à quo .ſ. </s> <s>& ad quem inter quos obitur mutatio viciſsim, qui in generatione & cor<lb></lb>ruptione ſunt eſſe & non eſſe, vt ſępius <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>quia ergo iſta duo inter quæ fit mutatio, ſecum dif<lb></lb>ferunt; inde efficitur, vt mutatio ex vno in alterum appelletur mutatio ſimpliciter: contrà verò po<lb></lb>ſterioris huiuſce in illud primum, mutatio quodammodo. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> generatio & corruptio, quem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3329"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodum poſuimus ſuprà, ſe mutuò conſequuntur; nec à ſe <expan abbr="inuicẽ">inuicem</expan> <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> diuerſi poſſunt: fit, vt cor<lb></lb>ruptio ſimpliciter coniungatur <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> generatione <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>; & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ea corruptione <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt <expan abbr="quodã-modo">quodan<lb></lb>modo</expan>, generatio ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Exẽpligratia">Exempligratia</expan> fit mutatio è terra in <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>, & contrà ex igni in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>: cùm è <lb></lb>terra fit ignis, generatio ſimpliciter appellatur: vbi contrà ex igni fit terra, ea eſt generatio quodam<lb></lb>modo; <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo, quando è terra fit ignis, dicitur corruptio quodammodo; quandò verò ex <lb></lb>igni fit terra, ſimpliciter corruptio vocatur, proptereà quae terra & ignis ita diſtinguuntur, quòd ignis <lb></lb>habet <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="præſtantiorẽ">præſtantiorem</expan>, ſiue dixeris efficaciores functiones, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra: idcirco ignis ipſe videtur eſſe <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, terra verò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan>, ſiquando mutatio fiat ex eo quod præſtantius eſt in oppo<lb></lb>ſitum, generatio quodamodo, & ſimpliciter corruptio nominantur: contrà. </s> <s>verò, cùm ex imperfe<lb></lb>ctiore perfectius efficitur, generatio ſimpliciter eſt, & corruptio <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>. </s> <s>Hoc igitur pacto <expan abbr="quiſ-piã">quiſ<lb></lb>piam</expan> <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> primæ ſolutionis expoſuerit: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſiquis <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ad <expan abbr="exquiſitiorẽ">exquiſitiorem</expan> <expan abbr="trutinã">trutinam</expan> examinare velit, <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> <lb></lb>illius ſenſum afferre cogetur. </s> <s>etenim concludit optimè Philoponus, ob duas cauſſas eiuſmodi non <lb></lb>eſſe vim primæ ſolutionis; <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> in ea <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> meminerit Ariſt. </s> <s>de præſtantia aut ignobili<lb></lb>tate formæ; formale inquiunt iſti, aut materiale. </s> <s>Deinde, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> prima ſolutio <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> poſtrema con <pb pagenum="558"></pb>ueniret, in qua ſtatuit Ariſt. </s> <s>diſcrimen inter <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> ſimpliciter & <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> ex eo, quae hoc for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3330"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>male ſit, illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materiale, quas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> rationes aduertens D. Thomas ſic <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>explicauit, vt <lb></lb>id quod eſt ſimpliciter, accipiatur, cùm materia formæ illi ſubiecta eſt, ad quam natura contendit, <lb></lb>quæ .ſ. </s> <s>ad aliam formam perfectiorem non ordinatur, cuiuſmodi eſt forma ſpeciei illius, quam diale<lb></lb>ctici ſpecialiſsimam vocant. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad formam perfectiorem non dirigitur; quæ verò tendit in <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan>, <lb></lb>& ab ea perficitur, eſt animalis forma: non eſſe verò ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> materia eſt cum priuatione, quæ <lb></lb>ad aliam priuationem deduci nequit, qualis eſt priuatio cadaueris, cui ſuccedunt elementa ſolùm in <lb></lb>quæ diſſoluatur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> autem priuatio hominis, in cuius locum cadaueris priuatio ſubit. </s> <s>Quare ſic do<lb></lb>cet fieri generationem ſimpliciter, & corruptionem quodammodo, cùm fit res perfecta ex priuatio<lb></lb>ne cui adiungitur forma imperfecta; quatenus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perfecta forma inducitur, eſt generatio ſimplici<lb></lb>ter; quatenus verò forma imperfecta aboletur, eſt corruptio quodammodo, veluti cùm è ſemine fit <lb></lb>homo, & contrà, cùm ex forma imperfecta perueniatur in priuationem perfectam, cum qua conſtat <lb></lb>imperfecta forma, corruptio ſimpliciter eſt, generatio verò quodammodo: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> perfecta decedit; <lb></lb>in eius verò locum imperfecta reponitur; veluti cùm ex homine fit cadauer. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt ingenuè fatear, <lb></lb>hæc interpretatio admodùm ſubtilis eſt, an verò ſatis tuta & firma, neſcio equidem: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> video, <lb></lb>quid ad eius loci explicationem conferat acceſsio illa priuationis, cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi tranſeatur à forma im<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3331"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfecta ad perfectam, corruptio quodammodò, generatio verò ſimpliciter dici poſsit: & contrà <lb></lb>cùm à perfecta ad imperfectam fiat mutatio, poſsit ea corruptio ſimpliciter, generatio verò <expan abbr="quodã-modo">quodan<lb></lb>modo</expan>, ex eius viri ſententia reputari: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſe poſtmodo priuatione vtatur in afferenda cauſſa pro<lb></lb>poſiti problematis. </s> <s>quo fit vt eodem reuoluamur quod obiecerat olim Philoponus. </s> <s>Dicebat Alexan<lb></lb>der ſpecialem eſſe ſententiam Ariſtotelis in ea ſolutione, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita vniuersè ſumi oportere; ſed ita, quae <lb></lb>eſſe & non eſſe forent accipienda, quemadmodum dixerat anteà Parmenides, ignem .ſ. </s> <s>& terram: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illi eſſe, huic autem non eſſe tribuere conſuerat. </s> <s>Cęterùm ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> interpretatio mihi ſuſpe<lb></lb>cta eſt, eo quae Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe teſtatur, ſe non ita ſpeciatim loqui; cùm mox ſubiecerit, nil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> referre, ſi po<lb></lb>natur ignis eſſe, & terra non eſſe, aut aliud quippiam. </s> <s>& in hoc, vt mea fert ſententia, decipitur Ale<lb></lb>xander; quia cùm ſtatuit differentiam inter poſitionem Parmenidis, & Ariſtotelis eiuſmodi, quia <lb></lb>ponat ille corruptionem tranſire in priuationem ſimpliciter, non quemadmodum ſanxit Ariſt. </s> <s>è me<lb></lb>dio tollit cauſſam perpetuæ ſucceſsionis inter has mutationes, quæ ſanè talis fuerat; quia corruptio <lb></lb>non fiebat quidem in non ens ſimpliciter, ſed in aliud quod eſſet. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> paullò pòſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſo <lb></lb>collectum eſt, dum ea omnia quæ ſolutionib. hiſce comprehenduntur, in vnum confert. </s> <s>itaq: vt ex <lb></lb>his locis conſtat, non ſtatuit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> fieri tranſitum in corruptionib. ad priuationem ſimpliciter. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3332"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quamobrem ita opinor primam eius quod eſt, & non eſt, diſtinctionem eſſe accipiendam, quòd pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3333"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>priè ſit ens, cùm materia perfectiſsimæ formæ ſubſtrata eſt; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>cum priuatione formæ imper<lb></lb>fectiſsimę coniuncta. </s> <s>Contrà verò non ſit, cùm materia ſub imperfectiſsima forma collocatur, con<lb></lb>iuncta verò eſt cum priuatione formæ perfectiſsimę, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aio poſterioris huiuſce formę generatio<lb></lb>nem eſſe quodammodo, corruptionem verò ſimpliciter: prioris <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> generationem ſimpliciter, cor<lb></lb>ruptionem verò quodammodo: nam ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſequitur, vt quanuis corruptio ſimpliciter fiat; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in ni<lb></lb>hilum abitio non procedat; & cętera quæ ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſubijciuntur optimè concinunt cum hac mutatio<lb></lb>ne; præſertim ea, quę ipſe T. 20. adſcribit; quo loco differentias eius quod eſt, colligit; quandoqui<lb></lb>dem primam differentiam ſtatuit inter ſubſtantiam & non ſubſtantiam: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud diſcrimen interce<lb></lb>dit inter priorem, & poſteriorem diſtinctionem; cùm poſterior à nobilitate ignobilitateúe <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <lb></lb>accipiatur, prior <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> noſtra ex hoc ſolo non deriuetur, ſed in ea ratio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> adnexæ priuationis ha<lb></lb>beatur in illa materia, cuius priuationis beneficio fiunt generatio ſimpliciter & quodammodo: nam <lb></lb>ſi formę perfectiſsimę priuatio fuerit, corruptio ſimpliciter dicta exoritur in illa, & ex illa ſimplici<lb></lb>ter generatio: ſi verò formæ imperfectę priuatio fuerit, ex illa fit generatio quodammodo, corru<lb></lb>ptio verò quodammodo, quæ illa terminatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́">Cumque</expan>. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s>exemplum ſpeciale ſumpſiſſet ignem ni<lb></lb>mirum & terram in quo ſignificaret propoſitum; monuit poſteà nos, ne rem ſic eſſe putaremus, àc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3334"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi id ſolis hiſce conueniret: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad alia ſubiecta fortaſſe eadem ratio generationis transferri poteſt: <lb></lb>methodo autem noſtræ ſufficere: ſi in eo ſubiecto duntaxat generationis & corruptionis formula <lb></lb>cùm ſimpliciter, tùm etiam quodammodo, indicata fuerit. </s> <s>Quocirca ſine crimine arrogantiæ redar<lb></lb>guere licet Alexandrum qui Ariſtotelis ſententiam, vt ſpeciatim prolatam interpretatus ſit, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>contraxerit ad principia Parmenidis; cùm tamen Ariſtoteles ſe de hoc ſubiecto ſpeciatim non age<lb></lb>re in eo loco profiteatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3328"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3329"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3330"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3331"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3332"></margin.target>a 1. de Ge<lb></lb>nerat. </s> <s>Tt. <lb></lb></s> <s>20. 21.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3333"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3334"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Adhuc perſequimur cauſſas eiuſdem problematis, & quęrimus vtrùm mutationes ſemper terminentur eo, <lb></lb>quod eſt; an ne interdum finiantur quod non eſt. </s> <s>Caput XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VIDETVR etiam probè accommodari poſſe ad quæſtionem diſtinctio rerum quę à materiæ dif<lb></lb>ferentijs accipitur: ex eo .ſ. </s> <s>quae magis accedunt ad formam, ſiue ad materiam; vel etiam ex eo, <lb></lb>quae perfectiores, aut imperfectiores ſint; vtputa, differentia ignis calor eſt; differentia verò terræ frigus: <lb></lb>calor frigore perfectior eſt, quia maiorem agendi vim, quàm frigus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> nobiliorem habet: viuifi <pb pagenum="559"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3335"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cat enim: contrà verò frigus imbecille admodùm eſt. </s> <s>& enicat. </s> <s>deinde ita ſe habet calor, vt ſit prædi<lb></lb>camentum & forma, frigus verò ſit priuatio; nec quicquam per ſe paullò plus minusúe ſit: ad ſum<lb></lb>mam, vbi repugnantia præſtò ſit, illud è contrarijs quod perfectius eſt, rationem formæ & habitus <lb></lb>obtinere cenſetur, alterum verò priuationis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm calidum cum frigido permutatur, hæc eſt cor<lb></lb>ruptio ſimpliciter, quia fit tranſitus ex eo quod eſt, in id quod non eſt, & generatio quodammodò, <lb></lb>cùm producatur id, quod non eſt. </s> <s>è contrario quando è terra fit ignis, & <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illa eſt generatio ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, quia ſit aliquid quod futurum ſit, corruptio verò quodammodo, cùm corrumpatur id quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, ita hac ſecunda diſtinctione adhibita perſpicuum factum eſt, vt generatio & corruptio ſimplici<lb></lb>ter fiant, & quodammodo. </s> <s>In qua tamen eſt, quae animaduertamus; vtrum'ne calidum, & frigidum ac<lb></lb>cipiantur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>tanquam ſimpliciter ſint, an potius ad ſignificandam aliquam ſubſtantiam con<lb></lb>trahantur. </s> <s>Credidit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Philoponus ſemper ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſignificari ſubſtantiam; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolam illam eſſe, <lb></lb>quæ cum tranſeat ab eo quod eſt, in id quod non eſt; tale eſſe non ens, vt aliquid etiam ſit; quando<lb></lb>quidem accidentia multa poſſunt opponi, qua ex aliquo non fiunt, quod ſit nec in aliquod aliud <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>conſimiliter ſit, corrumpuntur: ſed cùm abſoluta priuatione commutantur; veluti ſcientia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> igno<lb></lb>rantia, lumen cum tenebris, ex quo efficitur, vt illud idem periculum conſequatur quod Ariſt. </s> <s>op<lb></lb>ponebat, in his nimirum, vt in nihilum abeant: ita pertinet id ad ſubſtantiam, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3336"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ego tametſi puto huic dubitationi ſatisfieri poſſe, ſi dicamus in iis mutationib. ſuperſtes eſſe ſubie<lb></lb>ctum, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>id quod eſt, in nihilum non abiturum: attamen quia res à Græcis ad <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem <lb></lb>tractata, cognitu inutilis non eſt; aliqua adiicere præterea decreui, nam Simplicius ſtatuit contrà. <lb></lb></s> <s>Omne quod fit, ex eo quod fit, fieri, ſiue id ſubſtantia ſit, ſiue accidens. </s> <s>Omne <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod fit, inquit, ſpe<lb></lb>cie definitum eſt; <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpecies habet ſub eodem genere, quandam ſpeciem ſibi oppoſitam, aut <lb></lb>ſaltem ab ea diuerſam. </s> <s>quare, cùm fit figuratum, aut rotundum, fit ex alio figurato, veluti quadrato <lb></lb>aut irregulari: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & hoc figuræ ſpecies eſt; ſimililiter color qui generatur, eſt albedo; fit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>colore, non quidem ſimpliciter, verùm ex nigredine, qui non color eſt; quoniam eſt alius color. </s> <s><expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>ſi obieceris ea quæ ex puris priuationibus fieri videntur, reſpondebit Simplicius eas non eſſe priua<lb></lb>tiones ſimpliciter .i. </s> <s>ſimpliciter nihil, ſed eſſe poſitiuum quippiam, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> erit habilitas ſubiecti ad <lb></lb>alteram formam. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in reliquis habilitas videtur eſſe adnexa priuationi, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>addit mate<lb></lb>riæ habitudinem ad formam: quo fit, vt ſi in cæteris quæ magis eſſe videntur, habilitas nihil addit <lb></lb>quod poſitiuum ſit; multò minus efficiet id habilitas in iis quæ priuatione ſimpliciter finientur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Probo igitur ſententiam Auerrois qui negauit parem eſſe rationem illuminationis, ſcientiæ, & hu<lb></lb>iuſmodi conſimilium mutationum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> earum de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nunc diſputamus: quoniam mutationes il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3337"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>læ tantùm fiunt ex alienæ rei præſentia, velut illuminatio ex præſentia lucis in pellucido, ſcientia ex <lb></lb>obiecti præſentia in mente, non autem fiunt, aut non proximè per alterationem ſubiecti, & affectio<lb></lb>nem illius corporis in quo ſunt: noſtrates <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mutationes per alterationem materię proximè obeun<lb></lb>tur: vnde illę perfectrices, hę verò corruptrices dictę ſunt, & de illis verè aſſeueratur eas non fieri <lb></lb>ex contrario, ſed ex eo quod non ſit: de his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quæ ſibi in aliquo ſubiecto ſuccedunt, <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> illius <lb></lb>affectione præcedente, nequaquam: ſed omnes ex eo, quod eſt, & contrario fiunt. </s> <s>Veruntamen & ex <lb></lb>his quæ hactenus decreta ſunt, exoritur ſcrupulus quidam, nam docuit aliquando Ariſt. </s> <s>ſic ſe ha<lb></lb>bere contraria, ut alterum ſit velut habitus: alterum verò vt priuatio: quandoquidem generatio<lb></lb>nes fiunt ex contrariis, fiunt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex forma & priuatione; ergo neceſſe eſt contraria ſic affecta eſſe, vt <lb></lb>vnum ex his habitus & forma ſit, alterum verò priuatio: ob id in nihilum erit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mutatio. </s> <s>Con<lb></lb>firmatur item propoſitum, proptereà quae in hac poſteriore ſolutione ſtatuit Ariſt. </s> <s>calidum vt formam, fri<lb></lb>gidum verò vt priuationem. </s> <s>Attamen quicquid ſit de oppoſitione caloris & frigoris, nam de hac <lb></lb>aliàs agetur: permanentes in eadem ſententia dicemus; vbi tranſmutatio fiat in priuationem ſimpli<lb></lb>citer; non idcirco terminari, eò quae non ſit, ſed in ſubiectum reſolui quod poſt formæ ipſius amiſsio<lb></lb>nem conſeruatur. </s> <s>cęterùm adiicimus, abſurdum non eſſe, ſi priuatio quodam pacto ſit forma, ob <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3338"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam non omnino nihil, quęmadmodum antè à nobis expoſitum eſt, & Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3339"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>planauit, vbi docet priuationem eſſe formam, quia pura priuatio non exiſtat in materia, ſed actum <lb></lb>quandam ſibi perpetuò ſupponat, cui comitetur habilitas ad formam oppoſitam. </s> <s>Videtur id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pla<lb></lb>cuiſſe D. Thomæ <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> diſp. </s> <s>& planè mihi arridet, ei rei ſignum dabo, quòd formæ <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> opponun<lb></lb>tur purę priuationes, ſemper fiunt in ſubiecto, quod iam eſt in actu, vt lumen in aëre. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> <lb></lb>contraria per ſe actu exiſtunt, & poſitiuè aliquid ſunt. </s> <s>ita vt <expan abbr="quandocunq.">quandocunque</expan> fiat inter oppoſita tranſ<lb></lb>mutatio, non in nihilum prorſus fiat. </s> <s>Ex quo dubitationi propoſite facillimę occurri poteſt: quan<lb></lb>do priuatio in contrariis non ita accipienda eſt, tanquàm nihil abſolutè, ſed quia non ſit id quod illi <lb></lb>opponatur, ex quo facta eſt: quæ item ratio communiter ineſt contrariis omnibus: etenim ex <expan abbr="quo-cunq.">quo<lb></lb>cunque</expan> contrario mutatio fiat, ex eo fit, tanquam illud non ſit quod eſt futurum. </s> <s>Cęterùm iis omiſ<lb></lb>ſis quæ priuatiuè opponuntur, cùm per accidens pertineat ad ea mutatio, de poſitiuè oppoſitis aga<lb></lb>mus, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inter ſe viciſsim habent rationem actus & poteſtatis, proinde priuationis. </s> <s>Ex quo effi<lb></lb>citur, vt inter ſe mutentur, & cùm fiunt ex altero alterum, fiant ex eo quod eſt, & ex non ente ſimul: <lb></lb>quare non ex nihilo ſimpliciter: contra eum intereunt, habeant in non ens, quod cum quodam actu <lb></lb>perpetuò coniunctum eſt. </s> <s>Quocirca longè alio pacto rationem priuationis in hac methodo ſumen <pb pagenum="560"></pb>dam eſſe puto, ac in prima philoſophia: nouimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi è contrariis vnum altero perfectius eſſe: at<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3340"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que id quod nobilius eſt, formæ locum occupare; reliquum verò priuationis; id quod ea de cauſſa fa<lb></lb>ctum eſſe credo, quae rerum natura, non vt mutationi ſubiicitur, ſed vt in ea eſſe ipſum agnoſcitur, ex<lb></lb>ploratur: at ſi quatenus obnoxia mutationibus exiſtunt, à nobis ſpectentur, in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> communiter <lb></lb>inſidet ratio priuationis & actus: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex albo fit nigrum, velut ex nigro album, & ſicut album fit <lb></lb>ex non albo, & corrumpitur in non album, ſic nigrum ex non nigro producitur, & abit in <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>, <lb></lb>nam quod generatur, ex eo quod non eſt, generatur: & quod corrumpitur, per ſe corrumpitur in id <lb></lb>quod non eſt, ſed non album eſt etiam nigrum, & non nigrum album. </s> <s>Sic repugnantia eorum quę <lb></lb>per ſe gignuntur, ex habitibus eſt conflata <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſemper inhæret alterius certa priuatio. </s> <s>Vnde liquet <lb></lb>diuerſitatem ſpeculationis quę intercedit inter methodum naturalem & metaphyſicum eius diſcri<lb></lb>minis eſſe cauſſam. </s> <s>Si quis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aliquam regulam deſideret qua conſtituatur in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> mutatione, <lb></lb>quodnam è contrarijs obtineat inſtar priuationis, ita dicendum eſſe opinor. </s> <s>Illud ex quo tanquam <lb></lb>termino à quo mutatio fit, eſſe vt priuationem: alterum verò quod occupat locum termini ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, <lb></lb>eſſe vt habitum; cuius rei cauſſam hanc eſſe duco; ſiquidem natura per ſe appetit generationem, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corruptionem, niſi per accidens; ſemper <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> reſpicitur finis, & ab eo denominatio rerum accipi<lb></lb>tur: at generatio per ſe fit ex priuatione, ex quo efficitur, vt id quod obtinet <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> termini ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>; <lb></lb>habitus & forma ſit, quod verò tenet rationem termini à quo non ſit, & priuatio ſtatuatur, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>pla<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3341"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cuiſſe videtur Ariſtoteli, qui fiens compoſitum eſſe voluerit ex ſubiecto & priuatione, eſt verò <expan abbr="fiẽs">fiens</expan> <lb></lb>ſine controuerſia in loco termini à quo; atque id mutationi ſubſtantiæ cum reliquis motibus vide<lb></lb>tur eſſe commune.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3335"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3336"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3337"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3338"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3339"></margin.target>a 5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3340"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3341"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vera Ariſtotelis ſententia de eo, quòd corruptio finiatur eo quod non eſt, <lb></lb>ediſſeritur. </s> <s>Caput XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SVCCEDIT hiſce duabus tertia diſtinctio quæ ſumitur ab opinione plurium qui ſenſum ve<lb></lb>luti ducem ſectantur, ratiònem ac mentem deferunt: diſtinguunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod eſt, in ſenſile & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſile, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod ſentitur, eſſe dicunt, quod verò ſenſum fugit, non eſſe prędicant; & nihil in cado <lb></lb>eſſe pronunciant, ſi ibi non fuerit vinum. </s> <s>Sic res omnes in hæc duo genera Cicero diſtinguebat, <lb></lb>eas eſſe dicens quæ cerni tangiúe poſſent vt fundus, ædes paries ſtillicidium, mancipium, penus ſu<lb></lb>pellex; illas eſſe negans, quæ tangi demonſtrariúe nequirent, vt vſucapio, tutela, gens, & agnatio, qua<lb></lb>rum rerum nulla ſubeſt quaſi corpus. </s> <s>Etiam Ptolemęus in proëmio magnæ conſtructionis entia vo<lb></lb>cat ea quæ ſunt naturalia, & ſenſus afficiunt. </s> <s>Perſuadere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conati ſunt hoc ſuum placitum nonnul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3342"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lis rationib. nam quemadmodum ſe habent, aiunt, id quod ſub ſcientiam cadit, & quod ſciri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po<lb></lb>teſt: ita ſe habent ſenſile & non ſenſile: ſed quod ſciri poteſt, certè eſt; quod verò ſciri nequit, eſt ni<lb></lb>hil. </s> <s>ergo ſenſile erit; quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non ſentietur, nihilum adæquabit. </s> <s>Deinde, quoniam animalia tum di<lb></lb>cunt eſſe, cùm ſentiunt: quando verò ſenſum amiſerunt, non amplius eſſe exiſtimantur: ita res eſſe <lb></lb>cognoſcimus, dum eas ſenſu comprehendimus; cùm verò ſenſum amplius facere non poſſunt; non <lb></lb>eſſe exiſtimantur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ex inſenſili ſenſile fiat, erit quidem generatio ſimpliciter, quia fit ali<lb></lb>quid quod ſit, quemadmodum vbi ex aëre gignitur terra; corruptio verò <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>: etenim cor<lb></lb>rumpitur aër qui inſenſilis eſt, & non eſt: & contrà, cùm ex terra fit aër; quia terra corrumpitur, cu<lb></lb>ius ſenſus vehemens eſt; corruptio ſimpliciter appellatur; generatio verò quodammodò, quoniam <lb></lb>fit aër qui fugit ſenſum. </s> <s>Verumenimuero diſtinctio hæc, quemadmodum nota fuit Hippocrati, <lb></lb>ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> deriſa, nec à cæteris ſapientibus valde probata; quippe quæ non multum veritati <expan abbr="cõſonet">conſonet</expan>; <lb></lb>nam ſæpe fit, vt id quod minus ſenſile eſt, ſit longè perfectius, qualis eſt aër, ſi cum aqua & terra con<lb></lb>feratur: quandoquidem ita conſtituta ſunt elementa, quaſi per quoſdam gradus, vt continens mul<lb></lb>tò præſtantius eo ſit quod continetur; & quò magis diſtat à nob. </s> <s>adeò vt cęlum quod à nobis inter <lb></lb>corpora longiſsimè abeſt, diuinum ſit; & id omnium perfectiſsimum quod ab his regionibus, & ab <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3343"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vniuerſo corporum genere ſecretum eſt, vnde permanet vis illa naturæ quæ his quidem efficacius, <lb></lb>his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> languidius communicatur. </s> <s>veruntamen nihil eo prorſus ſenſum noſtrum magis later, ac cę<lb></lb>lum, etiam ſi viſui maximè ſubiiciatur, neutiquam ſatis ipſi expoſitum eſt, cùm ſit fallaciſsimus, ta<lb></lb>ctum certè non impellit. </s> <s>Sed quanuis hæc facere videantur ad illud intelligendum quod in quæſtio<lb></lb>ne propoſitum fuit, attamen id non eſt quod in pręſentia veſtigatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc fortaſſe verùm, vbi <lb></lb>in eodem ſubiecto tranſmutatio voluatur, & ad ſubſtantiæ mutationem <expan abbr="ſolũmodò">ſolummodò</expan> pertinet. </s> <s>at nos <lb></lb>nonmodò de ſubſtantię mutatione diſputamus, verumetiam accidentium, quia cùm generatur, aut <lb></lb>corrumpitur animal, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> mutatio ſimpliciter appellatur. </s> <s>cùm verò fit ex ignaro ſciens, generatio <lb></lb>& corruptio quodammodo dicuntur: ratio verò diſcriminis huiuſce potiſsimum talis eſt, quoniam <lb></lb>id quod eſt, in decem prędicamenta ſecatur, è quibus ſubſtantia verè eſt, propriè & ſimpliciter eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quodq́">quodque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe ſubſtat, nec alterius prędicamenti ſubſidium implorat. </s> <s>cętera verò ſunt eius quod eſt, <lb></lb>ideſt, ſubſtantiæ affectiones, nec ſine ſubſtantia conſiſtere poſſunt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim qualitas eſt, ſed <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan> qualis, ideò ſcientia non dicitur eſſe ſimpliciter, ſed totum illud quod eſt homo ſciens. </s> <s>Ab hoc <lb></lb>ergo, quae mutatio <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> fit, ſimpliciter nominatur: ab eo verò quae mutatio fit ſecundùm accidentia, <pb pagenum="561"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3344"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicitur eſſe mutatio quodammodò: quanquam ſi inter ſe conferamus ea quæ ſunt eiuſdem prędi<lb></lb>camenti, fieri poteſt, vt in diuerſis ordinibus collocentur, quędam .ſ. </s> <s>relata ad formam, & id quod <lb></lb>eſt: alia contrà ad priuationem, & id quod non eſt, vt in genere ſubſtantiæ animal & cadauer, in ge<lb></lb>nere qualitatis ignarus & ſciens, & hoc pacto ſimpliciter fieri dicetur id in quo ineſt ratio formæ, <lb></lb>& eius quod eſt, veruntamen nos ea quę ad diuerſa prędicamenta reducuntur, hoc loco ſecum con<lb></lb>ferre conſtituimus, licèt etiam de illo quod non eſſe ponitur, ex quo fit id quod fit, ſecundùm vnum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> prędicamentum, & in quod tranſit id quod corrumpitur, accidat dubitare, quemadmodum <lb></lb>accipiendum ſit, an'ne .ſ. </s> <s>vt id quod per formam nobiliſsimam ſubſtat, tanquam ſit haberi oporteat, <lb></lb>pro eo verò quod non eſt, id quod habet imperfectiſsimam. </s> <s>an potius eſſe dicendum id quod actu <lb></lb>eſt, non eſſe autem quod actu non eſt, ſed poteſtate duntaxat, veluti materia, qua contrariorum vi<lb></lb>ciſsitudini ſubiecta eſt. </s> <s>Sed cùm etiam id quod eſt per imperfectiſsimam formam, ſit aliquid: nam <lb></lb>terra eſt ſubſtantia quædam, & grauitas eſt reipſa quędam qualitas; & omnino priuatio oppoſita <lb></lb>ſemper eſt aliquid, exiſtimandum potius eſt materiam quæ ſubiicitur contrariis, & in qua viciſsitu<lb></lb>do contrariorum fit eſſe. </s> <s>dici verò non eſſe quatenus non eſt, aut non futura eſt ſub forma, in qua, <lb></lb>aut ex qua mutatio fit, veluti materia ſeminis non eſt aliquid, quia nondum homo eſt, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>non <lb></lb>eſt, quia mox non erit amplius homo. </s> <s>At verò cùm ignis è terra, & generatim contraria ex ſe <expan abbr="inuicẽ">inuicem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3345"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fiant, ac materia contrarijs ſubiiciatur, igni nimirum & terrę. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne eadem eſt materia quę con<lb></lb>trariis, vt igni, & terrę ſubiecta eſt? </s> <s>Ad alteram enim partem ipſius problematis confirmandam ſup<lb></lb>perunt argumentationes. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> enim eandem eſſe quiſpiam ſuſpicetur: nam ſicuti diuerſarum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>principia ſolent eſſe diuerſa, ſic & materia: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> immutari naturam opinandum eſt, aut aliqua <lb></lb>varietatis cauſſa reddenda. </s> <s>Contrà tamen generatio mutua fieri videtur ex contrariis in eadem <lb></lb>materia, quin potius niſi materies eadem foret, non fieret <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> tranſitus ex vno contrario in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, <lb></lb>talis enim eſt natura contrariorum, vt de eiuſdem ſubiecti poſſeſsione quodammodò certent, ſic vi<lb></lb>ſio & cęcitas in oculo fiunt; & auditus & ſurditas in aure. </s> <s>An eandem partim eſſe dicendum eſt, <lb></lb>partim verò minimè. </s> <s>Cùm enim idem ſit plurib. modis, quemadmodum albedo & Socrates, quæ <lb></lb>vnum ſunt propter ſubiectum, ac propter habitudinem, ſicut <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſubiecto habitudo inter Sophro<lb></lb>niſcum patrem & Socratem ſilium, vel etiam propter rationem, vt Sophroniſci ad Socratem; <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>certè materia ſecundùm rationem non eſt in genito <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corrupto; veruntamen eadem ſubiecto, nan<lb></lb>que eadem portio modò aëris eſt, aliàs ignis: at ratio eadem non eſt; cùm diſtinguatur, per formam <lb></lb>cui ſubeſt, aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt eſſe materiæ, cùm habet formam ignis, aliud eſt eſſe eiuſdem, vbi ſub forma aë<lb></lb>ris exiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi aciem mentis intenderis in ſubiectum & facultatem, quatenus reſpicit oppoſita, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3346"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod primo de ortu feciſſe videtur Ariſt. </s> <s>eſt vna materia ſubiecto, ratione diſcrepat. </s> <s>Veruntamen ſi <lb></lb>illam in compoſito ſpectaueris; nonmodo ratione eam diſtingui cognoſces, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> re, immo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſubie<lb></lb>cto, quod amplius quid eſt, etenim cùm forma terminatur; aliud numero fit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hic modus diſtin<lb></lb>guendi materiam vſurpatus eſt, vt puto, ab eodem philoſopho, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad explicandum numerum princi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3347"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>piorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & ſi ſcio verba illa <expan abbr="numerationemq́">numerationemque</expan>. </s> <s>in hunc ſenſum à <expan abbr="plerisq́">plerisque</expan>. </s> <s>accipi, quae cùm in ra<lb></lb>tione principiorum contraria ſint, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>non ſola; verùm <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> in eodem ſubiecto viciſsim ſibi <expan abbr="ſuccedũt">ſuccedunt</expan>, <lb></lb>altero è contrariis abeunte, altero <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> remanente, abeat verò id, quod habet rationem eius, quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, nulli dubium eſſe, quin duo ſint potiſsima rerum principia, materia nimirum & forma; præſer<lb></lb>tim cùm <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> quod fit, in <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> rationem diſſoluatur. </s> <s>ſed de priuatione dubium eſt, quia <lb></lb>non ſit, quemadmodum à materia ſeparetur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſolui quæſtionem, eam vnum eſſe ſubiecto <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>materia, &, vt dici ſolet, ad numerum vnum, ratione <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & illam à materia diſtingui. </s> <s>nam <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> <lb></lb>numerat ea principia, certè non numerat priuationem, ſed ſubiectum, quemadmodum non dicitur <lb></lb>vnum albedo, ſed album .i. </s> <s>homo in quo eſt albedo. </s> <s>Verùm ſiquis hominem (in his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ ſunt ſubie<lb></lb>cta accidentium, magis perſpicua res euadet) aut aurum aſſumat, & in ipſo non tantùm rationem <lb></lb>notet per quam homo eſt, & aurum, ſed per quam album & nigrum fieri poteſt, nunc albedine ca<lb></lb>rens, nigredine aliàs, is optimè dignoſcet priuationem quæ eſt alterum è contrariis à ſubiecto. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3348"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propter, cùm hęc duo ſint priuatio & ſubiectum, adſit etiam forma. </s> <s>veruntamen hęc duo, priuatio .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>& materia ſint vnum ſubiecto; (nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> priuatio ponit) inde effici, vt duo & tria rerum naturalium <lb></lb>primordia ſint habenda, duo ſanè, ſi materiam ſimul <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> priuatione numeremus, quod efficiet <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <lb></lb>& formam, quæ eſt per ſe; tria verò, ſi materiam à priuatione ſeiungamus. </s> <s>Hæc vulgò dici confue<lb></lb>runt. </s> <s>Veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verebor ego ex eiſdem verbis elicere alterum modum quo principia ipſa mo<lb></lb>dò duo ſint, aliàs tria: propterea quòd iam vnum eſſe contrariorum ſubiectum accipimus: <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> <lb></lb>numeratur modò ſubiectum quod cum priuatione, & forma oppoſita coniunctum eſt; aliàs idem <lb></lb>ſubiectum cum forma qua nuper genita eſt. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad numerum non eſt ſubiectum, quod <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam permutatur, vt ſemen & planta, ſed <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> cum materia numeratur, cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ipſam <lb></lb>hoc aliquid, & indiuiduum exiſtat. </s> <s>quamobrem duo ad numerum ſunt. </s> <s>quoniam verò ratio formæ <lb></lb>diſtinguitur à ratione ſubiecti, & ab eiuſdem ratione priuatio ſeparatur, hinc fit, vt non duo <expan abbr="tãtùm">tantùm</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed tria rerum naturalium principia ſint. </s> <s>Et certè formulam hanc diſtinguendi principia magis appro<lb></lb>bo, quia forma non numero quidem, ſed ratione ſolùm à materia ſeparatur, cùm ab ipſa cæteroqui <lb></lb>ſeiungi non poſsit: vnde illud vnum quod prædicatur de forma, de illa non dicitur, tanquam ſit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <pb pagenum="562"></pb>numero, aut ſubiecto, quòd ſi vnum ratione eſt: ergo tria <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratione ſunt vniuerſa principia. </s> <s>At <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3349"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi ita ſint, quando erunt duo, niſi materia modò cum priuatione, aliàs cum forma numeretur? </s> <s>neque <lb></lb>enim eſſe numerabile formæ, aut priuationi per ſe primò tribuendum eſt, ita vt materia propter hęc <lb></lb>duo contraria numerari poſsit, quandoquidem id contextus ipſius verbis admodùm repugnaret, <lb></lb>quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> accipimus hîc indiuidui principium magis eſſe materiam, quàm formam, licèt non ſine for<lb></lb>ma. </s> <s>Et præter illuſtrem illum locum, quem obſeruamus Tex. 60. id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> magis reſpondere videtur <lb></lb>iis, quæ mox adſcripſit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plura contrariis principia, & quæ <expan abbr="ſeq.">ſeque</expan> vbi perſpicuè con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3350"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>traria numerantur.” & materia cum alterutro, quòd in ipſa alterum ſemper exiſtat, & viciſsitudine <lb></lb><expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> quæ <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> peruertatur; ac ſi quo pacto ſeparetur ab ipſis, ea ſit non rei ſeparatio, ſed rationis. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> reipſa duo ſunt, propterea quòd cum reliquis materia cadat in <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ipſa minus ſit <lb></lb>caput indiuidui: ſiquidem non priuatio ſeorſum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma numerentur, verùm perpetuò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſub<lb></lb>iecto ſubiiciantur numero; ſed eſſentia ſola & à mente diſtinguantur: ſolum ſenſus aſſequitur nu<lb></lb>merum oppoſitorum, quòd compoſita ſunt, & non extra materiam, ac formam quidem in materia <lb></lb>per ſe: priuationem verò, vt abſentiam formæ. </s> <s>Sic igitur fit, vt principia numerentur, & quodam<lb></lb>modò duo ſint, quodammodò tria, duo quidem re, tria verò ratione.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3342"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3343"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3344"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3345"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3346"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3347"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 66.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3348"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3349"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3350"></margin.target>a T. 67.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum materia ſit vna numero. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3351"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3351"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO valebit admodùm ad ea quæ dicta ſunt, intelligenda conſtituere, <lb></lb>quemadmodum materia ſit vna numero, quo pacto vnam illam eſſe teſtabatur Ariſt. </s> <s>habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>aliquam difficultatem, & quædam mihi dicenda ſuccurrunt præter ea quæ interpretes eius loci tra<lb></lb>dunt. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> diceret Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, vt hoc aliquid, potuit fortaſſe <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> ſuſpicari ipſum loqui <lb></lb>de vniuerſa mole materiæ quæ partem mundi inferiorem <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan>, & ad id <expan abbr="approbandũ">approbandum</expan> vti <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>& auctoritate, <expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe, dum contra Heraclitum diſſereret, omnia vnum eſſe dicentem, <lb></lb>aſſerebat id fieri non poſſe, niſi vnum accipiatur, vt ſubiectum: quare ſic <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe ſubiecto con<lb></lb>cedebat. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> non accipiunt, vnum ſunt: materia verò per ſe diuiſione caret, <lb></lb>propterea quae diuiſio ſequitur formam, at materia per ſe in formis eſt. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> dici ſolet aliam eſſe mate<lb></lb>riam <expan abbr="tuã">tuam</expan>, ac <expan abbr="meã">meam</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde non eſſent propria <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> rei principia, quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſunt, quippe quae vna foret quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ineſſet. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi in materia cuncta conuenirent, inter ſe <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> poſſent, hoc <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſen<lb></lb>ſus, & vſus pręceptor eruditiſsimus oppugnant: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quanuis inferiora corpora vel proximè, vel remo<lb></lb>tè <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> infinitate intercedente <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Peripatetici ſtatuunt, inter ſe <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> poſsint: at de cęleſtib. <lb></lb></s> <s>orbib. tum quod inter ſe ipſos tranſmutentur, tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> hiſce noſtràtib. <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="coniunctionẽ">coniunctionem</expan> gene<arrow.to.target n="marg3352"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ris habeant, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="obſeruatũ">obſeruatum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Paucis capitib. tota quæſtio poterit explicari. </s> <s>Ac primum de omni <lb></lb>materia ſiue cęleſtium corporum, ſiue <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ intra cęli <expan abbr="ambitũ">ambitum</expan> continentur, ponendo eam vnam <lb></lb>eſſe analogicè, quod à nobis infra plurib. verbis agetur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> hic vnitatis modus multis difficulta<lb></lb>tibus expoſitus erat, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erat loci præſentis, eas explicare, gratis id tunc ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuit <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan>; <lb></lb>quare ad aliam eius vnitatem veniamus. </s> <s>Hæc igitur aut cum forma ſpectatur, aut penitus notione <lb></lb>formæ ſecluſa; quam <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="abſtractionẽ">abſtractionem</expan> ita conſtituimus, vt non re quidem à forma ſeiungi poſsit; <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cogitatione, ne forte quippiam ab eſſentia ſua ſeparetur, non immemores <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eſſe de eſſen<lb></lb>tia poteſtatis, ſed quia terminet in hac hypotheſi <expan abbr="cogitationẽ">cogitationem</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> ſic, vt quanuis pater & filius, ne<lb></lb>que mente à ſe inuicem ſeuocari poſsint: nihilominus illò mens noſtra dirigatur, vt ea ſpectet quæ <lb></lb>filium conſequuntur; vt inferiorem eſſe, <expan abbr="obſequẽtem">obſequentem</expan>, & in poteſtate patris: aliàs parem imperiolum <lb></lb>inclementem, & durum, quæ ſanè ab habitudine illa quæ inter patrem & filium intercedit, non ab<lb></lb>ſoluuntur, ſed ad alterum ex illis primò pertinent, in alterum verò propter affinitatem redundant: ita <lb></lb>de materiæ abſtractione modò dicendum eſt. </s> <s>Si igitur materia ſine forma conſideretur, item diſtin<lb></lb>guitur, vt poteſtate ſubſtantia eſt, & vt habet in ſeipſa diſtantiam, ſeu dimenſiones, quòd ſi animad<lb></lb>uertatur ſolùm, qua dimenſiones habeat, eam eſſe <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, & <expan abbr="continuã">continuam</expan> dicimus, ſi verò vt potentia ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3353"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> actus eſt cauſſa diſtinctionis, nec ſine illo multitudo eſt; actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> aut eſt à forma, aut <lb></lb>non ſine forma; à qua nunc materia ſeparatur, carebit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> diſtinctione, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam vna nu<lb></lb>mero priuatiuè eſſe dicetur .i. </s> <s>non plures numero differentes, quem item vnitatis <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> alio vocabu<lb></lb>lo exprimebat Auerroes vnum inquiens per indifferentiam; quae per ſe non magis hoc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud ſit, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> fieri poſsit ęqualiter. </s> <s>Quòd ſi materia formæ notionem <expan abbr="cõprehendit">comprehendit</expan>, hæc item notio duplex eſt, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia conſideratur, vt iam accepit hanc formam, ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> cum habitudine ad oppoſitam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ita <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſubiecto vnam anteà conſtituimus, ipſo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe diſcrepantes, aut quemadmodum mea <lb></lb>nunc eſt materia cum mea forma, ac tum dicimus eam eſſe <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> numero poſitiuè; quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pacto ma<lb></lb>teria conſecuta eſt, quòd ſit: quia .ſ. </s> <s>ſit hoc aliquid, & poſitiuè per formam: ſic <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vt & ſi hoc aliquid <lb></lb>in materia ſit actu, & forma præſente, nihilominus ſi naturæ ordinem ſpectemus, eſſe poſitiuè ſit à <lb></lb>forma primùm, ſed hoc aliquid & ſignatum ex materia naſcatur, totum verò ex <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> Idcirco <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>docuimus antè diſtingui materiam, vt duo numero efficiat, vbi cum duob. </s> <s>contrariis alternatim <expan abbr="cõ-cipiatur">con<lb></lb>cipiatur</expan> à nobis, & id nos maximè perſuadet, quae eſſe numerabile materię potiſsimum tribuitur. </s> <s>Ex <expan abbr="eo-q́ue">eo<lb></lb>que</expan> factum eſt, vt vnum numero 5. Met. definiatur per materiam: ſiquidem illa ſint vnum numero, <pb pagenum="563"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3354"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quorum materies eſt vna. </s> <s>& Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> 12. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Met. vnum numero accipit cauſſa materiæ. </s> <s>Vna etenim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3355"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& eadem multorum ratio eſt, velut hominis, Socrates verò vnus. </s> <s>& 7. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Tota verò iam talis for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3356"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma in his carnibus & oſsibus. </s> <s>Callias & Socrates. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nos eam ſingularis initium, libentiſsimè faci<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>& auſcultamus Platoni, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui iudicat hoc aliquid ex permanentia, ea verò magis materiæ con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3357"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uenit. </s> <s>Non obſtat autem quae interdum enunciet Ariſt. </s> <s>eſſe hoc aliquid per formam, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> teſtetur ma<lb></lb>teriam eſſe hoc aliquid <foreign lang="grc">τῷ φαὶνεσθαι</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ideſt ex apparentia, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quod video viris illuſtribus, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3358"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qui non multò ante ætatem noſtram floruerunt, & noſtræ etiam ætatis obiici nobis. </s> <s>Primùm ſic eſſe <lb></lb>attemperata patiens & agens, vt nihil patienti concedatur, quin liceat & agenti. </s> <s>Ergo vt res cauſſa <lb></lb>materiæ vna eſt, ſic erit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa formę. </s> <s>Confirmatur: nam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eſſe & vnum eſſe multifariam di<lb></lb>catur, quod propriè <foreign lang="grc">ἡ ἐντελέχεια ἐστὶ</foreign>, quare principium indiuidui, forma & actus. </s> <s>Deinde. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb>aliunde tale eſt, ex ſe ipſo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tale ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Cùm igitur forma vna ſit in materia. </s> <s>Et per ſe ipſam <lb></lb>igitur. </s> <s>Tertiò duo anguli numero differunt, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſunt extra materiam: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic eos conſiderat mathe<lb></lb>maticus. </s> <s>Quartò Materia per ſe infinita eſt, & vniuerſalis non plus ex ſeipſa hanc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illam formam, <lb></lb>vel hoc, quàm illud indiuiduum reſpiciens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> conſequitur id per formam. </s> <s>Ergo & quae vna ſit, <lb></lb>& indiuidua. </s> <s>Prætereà illud ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſumptum. </s> <s>Formam per quam eſt hoc aliquid actu. </s> <s>Sit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3359"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim materia per quam eſt hoc aliquid, at contingit id poteſtate ſolùm non actu, quæritur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, cur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3360"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc, quod iam eſt actu, ſit vnum. </s> <s>Siquidem in prima philoſophia materiam ſpectet ſub maximè pro<lb></lb>prio ſignificato, id verò eſt, vt eſt exiſtentiæ principium, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> tranſmutationis. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> res ſit, <lb></lb>ſubeſt materia ſine ordine, vt ſaxa & tigna ſeorſum, & hæc habentur materia domus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſunt <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>: <lb></lb>ſed tunc verè ſunt eius materia, cùm in ordinem adducta fuerunt: & tum propriè ſunt hoc aliquid a<lb></lb>ctu præſente ſine quo non eſt hoc aliquid. </s> <s>Non me latet Syrianum interpretatum fuiſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>apparentem indiuiduam & ſenſilem, ſic <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſenſilem ab Ariſt. </s> <s>vocari potuiſſe <expan abbr="apparentẽ">apparentem</expan>: nam <lb></lb>re vera eſſentiæ <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> eſt materia, non ſanè ſenſilis, ſed intelligenda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quomodocunq.">Quomodocunque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nihil <lb></lb>obſtant hæc indiuidui principio. </s> <s>Quanquam & hoc aliquid non eſt ſimpliciter indiuiduum de præ<lb></lb>dicamento ſubſtantiæ: ſed & eſt nota generalis eius prædicamenti, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & eſt nota actus, & eſſentiæ ſim<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3361"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pliciter; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> abſtractis, quia per modum ſubſtantiæ exprimuntur, Græci <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tribuunt hoc aliquid. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3362"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& hoc aliquid <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>acceptum pro determinaro; & eo quod ſub certa ſpecie <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan>; <lb></lb>vt cùm fit album; quaſi dixeris cùm fit hoc, <expan abbr="qualecunq.">qualecunque</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="dũmodò">dummodò</expan> ſub certa categoria comprehen<lb></lb>datur. </s> <s>quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>hoc aliquid eſſe vult quod certo nomine ſignificatur, vt homo, lapis, album, at<lb></lb>que id ſtatuit medium in ſyllogiſmo, quod non eſſe ſingulare, aut non neceſſariò ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>quis <lb></lb>eſt qui neſciat? </s> <s>& apud Galenum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τρίγωνον τὸ δ' ετι, & τετρὰγωνον τὸδέτι</foreign>. </s> <s>docet <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3363"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dium, in ſyllògiſmo <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> vno termino exprimi, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> oratione: eius verba libuit adſcribe<lb></lb>re, quòd Lectori Latinorum codicum, in quibus vis eiuſmodi phraſeos non obſeruatur, facilè hæc <lb></lb>imponunt. <foreign lang="grc">φανερὸν οῦν ότι τὸ μέσον οὐχ οὑτως ἀεὶ ληπτέον ὡς τοδετὶ, ἀλλὰ ἐνίοτε λόγον, ὁπερ συμ<lb></lb>βαίνει κἀπὶ τοῦ λεχθέντος</foreign>. </s> <s>id eſt, “planum verò, quod medium non ſic ſemper <expan abbr="accipiẽdum">accipiendum</expan>, vt hoc <lb></lb>aliquid, ſed <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> orationem quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in dicto contingit.” Ergo <expan abbr="cõmittetur">committetur</expan> fallacia <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-ſequens">con<lb></lb>ſequens</expan>. </s> <s>Eſt hoc aliquid: igitur indiuiduum. </s> <s>Secunda ratio qua plurimum Zimara pater inſtitit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>diſtinguit poſsibile. </s> <s>Etenim potentia multiplex <foreign lang="grc">καταχρηστικώς</foreign>, & impropriè quæ eſt idem cum <lb></lb>actu, vel primo, vel ſecundo. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo quidem perfecto vel imperfecto, qualis eſt motus, & cùm vtro<lb></lb>que in æternis, in immateriatis quidem <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſecundo, & eo qui ſit perfectus, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt ibi poſſe & eſ<lb></lb>ſe, eſſe & agere. </s> <s>in cęlo poſſe & eſſe quo ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> eſſe, & agere, & moueri. </s> <s>Ex actu primo poteſtas <lb></lb>agendi in aliud, prout aliud. </s> <s>Propriè verò eſt indeterminatio ſiue ea ſit agendi, ſeu patiendi facultas, <lb></lb>& agendi quidem voluntas, patiendi verò quicquid obtinet rationem materiæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubiecti, quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>indeterminatio eſt cum propenſione ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, vel caret <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> propenſione: illa ſanè naturalis, hæc in arti<lb></lb>ficioſis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ex ligno ſcamnum fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ac niſi poſſet ex eo fieri ſcamnum, profectò <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> fieret, & è <lb></lb>ſemine fit planta. </s> <s>Verùm in ſemine habilitas illa ordinata eſt, & penitus naturalis; in ligno <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed adſcititia, & externa: huic conſimilis eſt poteſtas in forma ad indiuiduum, & aliunde eſt, quae con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3364"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trahatur ad hoc, & hoc, quae per ſe ipſam non minus hoc reſpicit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud, vt certiſsimis monimentis in <lb></lb>prima philoſophia teſtatum reliquit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ergo quae ſit hoc ex materia naſcitur, & in <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> recidit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3365"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt ex ipſa forma: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò ſecus ſe habere videtur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quæ conſiſtere dicunt ex neceſ<lb></lb>ſitate materiæ: Sic igitur per conſecutionem quandam pertinet ad formam non primò. </s> <s>Et quod illo <lb></lb>accepit ab Auerroe, tum verum eſt, cùm in efficiente & forma ineſt habilitas interna, & ordinata, quae <lb></lb>ibi contingit, vbi res eſt ſimpliciter, & ex æquo ſecundùm <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> naturam, vt homo ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Il<lb></lb>lud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod dicitur. </s> <s>Quod aliunde tale eſt, ex ſe ipſo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tale fore neceſſariò, non admodum conſen<lb></lb>tire videtur cum ea propoſitione quam vt perſpicuam ſumpſit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>i<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nihil idem per ſe, & ab alio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3366"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fieri poſſe. </s> <s>Nam ſi per ſe eſt, cur ex alio ſit neceſſe eſt? </s> <s>ſi verò aliud flagitat, ergo non ex ſe. </s> <s>Et pla<lb></lb>nè non pauca ſunt quæ formæ accidunt præter eius ordinem, vt caſus, monſtra, & quæ ſunt contra <lb></lb>naturam ſimpliciter, quorum cauſſa eſt, vel materię proprietas, vel vitium eiuſdem, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> violans; <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>certè omnia tollerentur, ſi ſtaret ea Zimaræ filij propoſitio. </s> <s>Obiicit ille iterum duos angulos nume<lb></lb>ro ſeparari qui tamen ſunt extra materiam. </s> <s>Ad hoc idem cenſeo dicendum, quod 1. Priorum nos <lb></lb>admonuit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>k<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nimirùm ſicuti non rectè concluditur hoc argùmentum, Ariſtomenes intelligen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3367"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="564"></pb>dus ſemper eſt, Ariſtomenes eſt intelligendus. </s> <s>Ergo & Ariſtomenes ſemper eſt. </s> <s>quae hoc totum ac con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3368"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iunctim verum non eſt, Ariſtomenes intelligendus eſt ſemper: ſiquidem <expan abbr="intelligẽdum">intelligendum</expan> ſemper qui<lb></lb>dem ſit; ſed ſeparatim Ariſtomenes ſit mortalis, ſic duo anguli ſunt extra materiam. </s> <s>At qui nume<lb></lb>ro differunt duo anguli, ſunt quidem extra materiam, quia cogitantur extra materiam, veruntamen <lb></lb>quoad ſunt duo, ſunt in materia. </s> <s>Oportebat igitur concludere, eos eſſe duos extra materiam, quate<lb></lb>nus ſunt, non quatenus cogitantur, illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> erat falſum. </s> <s>Quarta obiectio non diſtinguit id quod <lb></lb>eſt terminare ab eo, quod eſt coërcere & limitare, illud eſt afferre perfectionem, hoc eſt minuere vi<lb></lb>res & facultatem. </s> <s>& corium finit artifex extrinſecùs, & calcei forma intrinſecùs, contrahentia <expan abbr="fluxũ">fluxum</expan> <lb></lb>& infinitatem corij ad calceum quod erat item in potentia ad ſagum & cothurnum. </s> <s>contrà bonus <lb></lb>ſutor ex malo corio pulchrum quidem calceum facere poterit, ſed inutilem. </s> <s>& ex rudi corio cal<lb></lb>ceum aptum <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> conficiet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> id bonum quod efficiens præſtare valebat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> potuit accipere ma<lb></lb>teria, ſed deterius fecit. </s> <s>& planè ſine controuerſia lumen aliter in aquis, aliter in aëre accipitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>illud <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan> formas pro materiæ merito contribui: ac forma quidem terminat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in ſpecie, <lb></lb>quae <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fit hoc, aut illud vnum, pluraúe numero differentia, id ex materia potiſsimè naſci profitemur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et cùm ſit vnitas vel eſſentiæ vel exiſtentiæ, illam ex forma pendere aſſeueramus, hanc ex materia: <lb></lb>& in eo quod eſt hoc aliquid, ſupponi eſſentiam (ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prius æternum eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mortale) vnde eſt <lb></lb>vnum genere, vel ſpecie; ſuperuenire alteram; & eſſentiam ad vnum numero reſtringere, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3369"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illa prima vnum eſſe genere, vel ſpecie, ex altera iam vnum numero extare, & hanc ad illam ſe ha<lb></lb>bere vt exiſtentiæ notam ad notam eſſentiæ, & vt ſingulare ad ſpeciem. </s> <s>ſicut ergo eſſentia prior eſt <lb></lb>natura, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> exiſtentia, & ſpecies quàm indiuiduum, & actus quàm potentia exiſtendo tamen & actui <lb></lb>poteſtas & vnum numero, ac ſubiectum ei quod eſt vnum ſpecie & eſſentia, pręcedit; & vniuerſita<lb></lb>tem ſpeciei contrahit, ſic ſe habet vnitas numeralis ad vnitatem ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Igitur in eo quod eſt eſ<lb></lb>ſe ſimpliciter, pręualet actus & eſſentia, in eo quod eſt eſſe hoc aliquid, poteſtas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> materia. </s> <s>ex his <lb></lb>item confirmatio tollitur. </s> <s>Illud autem quod acceptum eſt ab vniuerſitate materię, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ineptum ſit, <lb></lb>paullò pòſt oſtendetur, cùm de ſimilitudine generis & materię verba faciemus, etenim docebimus <lb></lb>vniuerſitatem eſſe formæ, materiæ verò infinitatem & partibilitatem. </s> <s>Quamobrem negabimus <lb></lb>interim in materia eſſe vim vniuerſalem, non inficiantes; & ad vnum <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> <expan abbr="facendũ">facendum</expan> formæ <expan abbr="ſo-cietatẽ">ſo<lb></lb>cietatem</expan> requiri; ſed illud aientes pendere indiuiduum ex materia primò, ex forma verò ſecundò: ſi<lb></lb>quidem eſſentiæ ſuperueniat exiſtentia quæ tota proficiſcitur à materia, eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> indiuidui, propria. </s> <s>Hęc <lb></lb>ego de indiuidui principio volui tangere hoc loco, quanuis alibi multa de indiuidui natura diſſerue<lb></lb>rim; propter <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> <expan abbr="nonnullorũ">nonnullorum</expan> qui in <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> partem frequentiſsimi hodie contra veterum <expan abbr="phi-loſophorũ">phi<lb></lb>loſophorum</expan> decreta diſceſſere, in quos me nullo odio, aut ſimultate ſcribere, teſtem Deum voco, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3370"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt mea dogmata Ariſtotelicè defendi poſſe ſignificem. </s> <s>Ab his ad illa primò reuertor. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> aduer<lb></lb>ſus ea quæ conſtituta ſunt, illa nihil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> poſſunt quæ anteà dubitata fuerunt, proptereà quòd Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles contra Heraclitum acceperit materiam vnum eſſe ſubiecto non diſcernens cęleſtem à cadu<lb></lb>ca, gratificans, vti dictum eſt, “Antiquis, & id concedens, vt perſpicuum, quae oppoſitum non ſine ratio<lb></lb>nibus efficaciſsimis decerni potuit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ibi negauit habitudinem ad diuerſas formas. </s> <s>& ita <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, aut <lb></lb>noſtraria ſaltem vnum eſſe poſita ſunt.” Et ſecundùm item concedimus ſecluſa notione ipſius formæ <lb></lb>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt vna, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea quidem continua: Cæterùm non negamus, in ea propter formam eſſe diuiſio<lb></lb>nem, quam tamen bifariam accipimus: vel eam quæ ducitur ab eſſentia: quapropter homo non eſt <lb></lb>equus, nec vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>hominis & equi materia, quam primò ab ipſa forma proficiſci perſpicuum <lb></lb>apud <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eſt: aut eam quæ in indiuiduis eſt: quamobrem Plato non eſt Socrates: quæ item ſine præ<lb></lb>ſentia formæ non completur: veruntamen eam in ipſa materia radices primas egiſſe puto: generali<lb></lb>ter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in omni tali diuiſione forma deſideratur: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>materia per ſe vna eſt, & continua. </s> <s>Sic ar<lb></lb>gumenta pro altera parte problematis allata pertinent ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quæ vna quidem non eſt, ſed nu<lb></lb>merabilis, vt inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> rei propria, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum propemodum, cum ipſo compoſito exi<lb></lb>ſtens. </s> <s>Quod addebatur, omnia inter ſe tranſmutatum iri: concedo planè, ſi in materia vnica conue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3371"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niant, vel plurib. mutationib. interuenientib. neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe materia ſufficit ad præſtandam muta<lb></lb>tionem, ſed prætereà certa priuatio requiritur, quæ certum genus & certa contraria conſequitur. </s> <s>Sic <lb></lb>è ſubſtantia fit ſubſtantia, & quantum è quanto, & quale è quali; & ex hac ſubſtantia & hoc quan<lb></lb>to, hæc ſubſtantia & hoc quantum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3352"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3353"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3354"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3355"></margin.target>a T. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3356"></margin.target>b T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3357"></margin.target>c Timęo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3358"></margin.target>d 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3359"></margin.target>e 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3360"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3361"></margin.target>f 1. de An. <lb></lb>T. 78.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3362"></margin.target>g Alex. 2. <lb></lb>Top. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3363"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3364"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3365"></margin.target>h 8. Met. <lb></lb>Tt. 28, 56.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3366"></margin.target>i 1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3367"></margin.target>k 1. Pr. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sec. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3368"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3369"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3370"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3371"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Differentiæ materiæ & generis exponuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò de illa materia quæ vna eſt, vt inquit Auerroes, per in differentiam, vel vt alij dicunt, <lb></lb>vna numerò priuatiuè cum plurib. immò caducis omnib. <expan abbr="cõicari">conicari</expan> poſsit, adhuc à Græcis & La<lb></lb>tinis dubitatum fuit, vtrum communicetur reb. ipſis, quemadmodum genus partibus ſuis <expan abbr="cõicatur">conicatur</expan>; <lb></lb>an alius quidam ſit modus participandi materiæ proprius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id fortaſſe nos perſuadebit, quòd <lb></lb>inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>ea quæ genere conueniunt; materia item neceſſariò conuenire. </s> <s>Prætereà, quoniam ge<lb></lb>nus materiæ locum <expan abbr="rationemq́">rationemque</expan>. </s> <s>occupat in definitione. </s> <s>Negarunt id Alexander inter Græcos, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3372"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inter noſtros Achillinus omnium ſectatorum Auerrois ſine controuerſia peritiſsimus, & multas ille <pb pagenum="565"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3373"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differentias attulit inter genus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> materiam, vnde dicebat hic materiæ diuiſionem in ſuas partes <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe tanquam generis in ſpecies, verùm & totius quod eſſet quantum, in partes identidem quantitas. <lb></lb></s> <s>Zimara contrà, <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>credit eſſe proportionem inter materiam primam, & proximas eius partes <lb></lb>quæ totius eſſet vniformis; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diuiditur in partes eiuſdem <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>, velut aquæ cuius item partes <lb></lb>aquæ ſunt: <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> obrem <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aqua de ſingulis vniuocè prædicatur, & hæc & illa eſt aqua. </s> <s>Quinimmo ſi <expan abbr="q̃-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> ipſum ſpectes; & quælibet pars <expan abbr="q̃ti">quati</expan> eſt <expan abbr="q̃ta">quanta</expan>, vt pars lineæ linea; quare <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> totius aſſequitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cur non igitur & materia ſuam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõicat">conicat</expan> ſuis partibus? </s> <s>Hoc certè inficiari non poſſumus origi<lb></lb>nem ſanè generis naturalis à communione materiæ peti, necnon aliqua attributa generi, ac materię <lb></lb>communiter ineſſe. </s> <s>Nec quicquam vetare, quominus eadem res in varia partium genera ſecari va<lb></lb>leat. </s> <s>Etenim caro in carnes diſtribuitur, & fortè in ſanguinem & fibras. </s> <s>Lutum nonnunquam in alia <lb></lb>luta partitur, interdum in aquam & terram: fortè eius eſſentiæ partes erunt corpus æquè tempera<lb></lb>tum ex humido & ſicco: & cùm materiæ partitio cum partitione quanti vulgò conferatur. </s> <s>En quo<lb></lb>que tibi lineam rectam, quæ ſecatur in lineas, vt quanta, eadem diuiditur in eſſentiæ principia inter<lb></lb>uallum vt materiam, quod interiacet æqualiter inter duo puncta, vt formam: & omnino diuidi<lb></lb>tur aliquid in eſſentiæ partes, in partes materiæ, & partes quanti, Porrò ex quanti, <expan abbr="materiæq́">materiæque</expan>. </s> <s>parti<lb></lb>bus participatio nulla, quippe quòd in ſingulis totum diſperſum maneat, & partis ſublatione minua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3374"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, nec habeat quicquam, quod in eo genere totum in ſingulis conſeruetur. </s> <s>Eſſentiæ partes etiam to<lb></lb>tæ retinentur in ſingulis, vt & in omnibus, & ſingulis totæ exiſtant; & animalis vniuerſa natura eſt <lb></lb>in cunctis animalibus, & in me tota, & in te conſimiliter, itaque ex ablatione partis nihil de eſſentia <lb></lb>tota deteritur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Probeq́ue">Probeque</expan> illud dicitur actum & eſſentiam quæ ipſe actus eſt; ſemper communicari to<lb></lb>tum, materiam non ſemper: hæc enim ſuapte natura diſtat, & partibilis eſt; actus autem prorſus in<lb></lb>diuiduus. </s> <s>& propriè communio partium eſſentiæ quæ vniuerſitas appellatur; ex materia infinitas, <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <lb></lb>multa quidem complectitur, ſed inter ſe diſcreta, & numero ſegregata. </s> <s>Qua igitur eſt materia, & na<lb></lb>tura quædam diſtans, & infinita; profectò ex ea non eſt vniuoca prędicatio. </s> <s>Videamus nunc an pro<lb></lb>pter aliam quampiam rationem poſsit vniuocè communicari. </s> <s>Nos diſſuadet Ariſtotelis auctoritas, <lb></lb>qui nonnunquam teſtatus eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐν ταῖς οὐσίαις τό τῆς ὑλης κατηγορούμενον αὑτην̀ εἶναι τὴν ἐνέργειαν</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> In ſubſtantiis quod de materia prædicatur, eſſe actum ipſum, ita vt materia prędicatione penitus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3375"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>excludatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõſimiliter">Conſimiliter</expan> 14. primę philoſophiæ elementa de illo, cuius elementa ſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nullo modo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3376"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prędicari, neque enim homo terra eſt, neque arca lignum; ſed ad ſummum denominatio ducitur à <lb></lb>materia: ſic arcam dicimus eſſe ligneam, <expan abbr="hominemq́ue">hominemque</expan> terrenum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt etiam ex ipſa materia <lb></lb>ſimpliciter denominata capiantur, vt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνυλον & ἄυλον</foreign> materiatum ſcilicet, & immateriatum: ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3377"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc eſſe materiam nihil omnino dicitur: nanque & ſi lignum de abiete prędicatur, quæ eſt arcę ma<lb></lb>teria; non ita dicitur vt materia, ſed vt categoria per ſe, <expan abbr="resq́ue">resque</expan> ſimpliciter: proinde ſicut arca eſt ab<lb></lb>ietina, non abies, ſic etiam lignea non lignum. </s> <s>Sed vt denique rem expediam, mihi ſanè concisè ad<lb></lb>modum quæſtio prolata, & explicata videtur. </s> <s>Etenim in iis quæ vniuocè prædicantur, & natura ip<lb></lb>ſa, quæ communicatur, & communicandi modus obſeruari ſolent; & ſępe fit, vt commune referatur <lb></lb>ad ſingularia nulla ratione ſpeciei generisúe concluſa, vt animal de ſingulis animalibus, aliquan<lb></lb>do vt de homine & equo; tum verò prædicatur vt genus; quòd ſic in eo differentiarum notio con<lb></lb>tinetur. </s> <s>Ita Socrates eſt homo ſimpliciter; <expan abbr="idemq́ue">idemque</expan> ita homo, vt ab aliis omnibus animantibus <lb></lb>ſeiungatur. </s> <s>quapropter ſic eſt homo, vt ſub ſpecie hominis. </s> <s>Itaque aliud eſt eſſe vniuerſale ſimpli<lb></lb>citer; aliud eſſe genus, aut ſpeciem: nanque vniuerſale abſtrahitur ſuapte natura ab illis reſpecti<lb></lb>bus, differentiarum ſcilicet, & ſpecificationis: genus & ſpecies in his conſiſtunt: vnde generis eſt <lb></lb>diuidi per oppoſitas differentias; atque ita, vt ea ſublata habitudine genus quoque tollatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque tibi moleſtiam afferat, quòd Ariſtoteles ſæpius teſtatus fuerit, differentias extrinſecùs adue<lb></lb>nire generi; quare nec genus de differentia; neque differentiam de genere prædicari: quandoqui<lb></lb>dem retulerit differentias ad rem & naturam, quæ prædicatur; non ad modum prędicandi, ex <lb></lb>quo vniuerſale efficitur genus, aut ſpecies, quemadmodum nos hæc nunc accipimus. </s> <s>Igitur e<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3378"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiam diſtinguendum fuerat; an'ne vt natura quædam communis, an potius vt ſub certis his ſpeciei <lb></lb><expan abbr="generisq́ue">generisque</expan> notionibus vniuocè diceretur. </s> <s>Arbitror equidem materiam, quatenus eſt materia, hoc <lb></lb>eſt quatenus id poteſtate, quod futurum eſt, & in cuius naturam commeat forma ſuſcepta, nullo <lb></lb>modo prędicari. </s> <s>Nam præter id, quòd prædicari eſt determinare & afferre, ac mutuare nomen, <lb></lb>à materia verò determinatio, vel nominatio nulla; etiam de quo vniuocè dicitur, illud item eſſe <lb></lb>dicitur, dicitur enim vniuocum ſecundùm nomen & rationem. </s> <s>Sed non dicitur eſſe materiam, <lb></lb>veluti mixtum eſſe elementa, verùm ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́ue">formaque</expan> compoſitum, in quo eſſe huius ſit in <lb></lb>materia, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & illud eſt quod hoc dicitur, propriè compoſitum, vt cùm dicitur hominem eſſe ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3379"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mal, aut corpus. </s> <s>Veruntamen, vt hoc verum puto, ſic omnem vniuerſitatem materiæ denegare er<lb></lb>rorem eſſe puto. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti dempta materia ſenſili, & abſtracto hoc, ex quo reddebatur ho<lb></lb>mo indiuiduus; ſupereſt homo communis, ſic iis cogitatione ſeparatis, vnde hæc materies efficie<lb></lb>batur: opinor materiam fieri communem, & iis iterum ſublatis, quibus ſpeciei cuiuſdam propria <lb></lb>fieret, imitari genus. </s> <s>Itaque & Socratis eſt hęc materies & in ea continetur materies hominis, in <lb></lb>hac animalis, & corporis naturalis, vnde etiam prædicatur in recto, <expan abbr="partibusq́ue">partibusque</expan> ſubiectis aliquam <pb pagenum="566"></pb>tribuit naturam, non partibilem, ſed communem cuicuimodi illa ſit, verbig. </s> <s>poteſtas. </s> <s>Itaque cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3380"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verè pronunciati poſsit materiam corporis & animalis eſſe materiam Socratis; & hanc huius mate<lb></lb>riam, corporis & animalis eſſe materiam, diligenter animaduertamus priore modo concipi mate<lb></lb>riam ſub propria notione, vt ex illa fit aliquid, poſteriore modo notari, vt hoc, quod eſt alterius eſ<lb></lb>ſentia, quo pacto ſiquis diceret animal hominem eſſe; quae fieri poteſt homo, & <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> eſſe animal: ete<lb></lb>nim priore <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> animal eſſet, vt ex quo, poſteriore verò animal eſſet vt quod, illud <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan>, quod eſſe <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> <lb></lb>homo. </s> <s>Materies igitur, vt materies & illud, ex quo, nullam affert determinationem, vel <expan abbr="appellatio-nẽ">appellatio<lb></lb>nem</expan>, ſed vt natura <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> vt <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> poſſe pręſtare, nec vniuerſitatem reſpuere, cùm plura ſint <expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> <lb></lb>numero differentia (ſunt verò illa <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="q̃titate">quantitate</expan> ſeparantur, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſemper eſt affixa materiæ) <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> hoc ip<lb></lb>ſo ſegregantur à reliquis, quae in ſeriè potentiæ continentur: etenim triplex eſt rerum ſeries, actus po<lb></lb>teſtatis, & <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> ex <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> Vt ergo <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> ſub compoſito directò collocatur, ſic & actus ad a<lb></lb>ctum referuntur, & <expan abbr="ptãtes">potestates</expan> ad <expan abbr="ptãtem">potestatem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan> obiicies hîc è veſtigio. </s> <s>Si materia per ſe ipſam pote<lb></lb>ſtas eſt; & ex ea prædicatio ſumi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quid oportuit nos admoneri ab Ariſt. </s> <s>quod de materia prædi<lb></lb>catur eſſe <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, & elementa non prædicari de illo, cuius elementa ſunt; præſertim, quae non concedit <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἀντικατηγορίαν</foreign> & mutuam illam prædicationem, ne qualitas qualitati <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> naturę <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3381"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tribuatur. </s> <s>Si igitur actus de materia, non ergo materia viciſsim de actu prædicabitur. </s> <s>Quo item <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3382"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verum <expan abbr="præceptũ">præceptum</expan> fuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>negantis prædicationem materiæ, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> enunciantis genus de ſpecie cu<lb></lb>ius eſt materia? </s> <s>An actus, vt res, eſt ipſa forma & eſſentia, & ab hac verè & propriè prædicationis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="de-riuat̃">de<lb></lb>riuatur</expan>, ſed actus, eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> modus rei qui ipſi <expan abbr="aſsignat̃">aſsignatur</expan>, quoad verbum pręſentis ipis illi conuenit, qui ſanè <lb></lb>nulli rei denegari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nam <expan abbr="cuicunq.">cuicunque</expan> conuenit eſſe: dico <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab hoc actu prędicationem, licet minus pro<lb></lb>priè ſumi poſſe, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ens in locum prędicati tranſumitur, eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> & materia. </s> <s>Prædi<lb></lb>catur ergo, de ſpecie genus, & ſumitur à materia prædicatio generatim, vel quia ſit materia, quæ ca<lb></lb>dit in mentem, ea verò continet actum, licèt imperfectum, & acceſsione differentiæ <expan abbr="formęq́">formęque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="perficiẽ-dum">perficien<lb></lb>dum</expan>, vel cùm dicitur ex materia peti prædicationem, intellige quoad actum <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> parti<lb></lb>cipat; & vt quod, non ex quo, tametſi ſunt eadem ad numerum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de eo, quae ſit vna materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem reuocetur, vnde huc deflexit oratio.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3372"></margin.target>a 12. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3373"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3374"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3375"></margin.target>a 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3376"></margin.target>b C. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3377"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3378"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3379"></margin.target>c 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3380"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3381"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3382"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio generationis aſſignatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>STATVAMVS <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nunc veras ac primas harum mutationum differentias in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> conſpicuæ <lb></lb>fient ſingularum definitiones, <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> nobis vnà quid illæ ſint, & quae ſint cognitione certiſsima note<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3383"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcant. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> verò differentias pernoſcendas ea <expan abbr="præponẽda">præponenda</expan> breuiter ex illis quæ olim tradita ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>mutationem ex his <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> partib. ſeu primordiis neceſſariò conſtare ex terminis à quo, & ad <lb></lb>quem, & ſubiecto circum quod: hoc verò eſt, aut prædicamentum, è quo tranſmutationis termini <lb></lb>deſumuntur, ſubſtantia <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan>, quale, & vbi: aut eſt ſubiectum, quod <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> permutari. </s> <s>Circum ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam fiunt <expan abbr="gñatio">generatio</expan> & corruptio, in <expan abbr="q̃to">quanto</expan> incrementum & <expan abbr="decrementũ">decrementum</expan>, in quali alteratio, latio verò in <lb></lb>ipſo vbi. </s> <s>alterum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> propriè ſubſtantia ſenſilis eſt, & actu, & hoc aliquid, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ex <lb></lb>materia & forma, aut poſtremò illud, ex quo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſuperſtite, primò fit mutatio per ſe quod eſt <expan abbr="potẽ-tia">poten<lb></lb>tia</expan>, & eſt pars rei quæ <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> tranſmutari, & ad <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> ipſa materia prima. </s> <s>Hac poſita diſtinctione ſub<lb></lb>iectorum; cùm ex his circum <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mutatio fit, quædam ſignificent actu ſubſtantiam; alia verò <expan abbr="paſsionẽ">paſsionem</expan>, <lb></lb>& qualitatem: <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> eadem ſubſtantia ſenſili permanente, <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> mutatio fiat, ea eſt al<lb></lb>teratio: <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> vbi ex ęgro Socratas <expan abbr="cõualeſcit">conualeſcit</expan>; bona & mala valetudo ſunt qualitates <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Socrates eſt ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſucceſsio <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> fit, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> igitur ita mutatio <expan abbr="cõtingat">contingat</expan>, hæc eſt alteratio: <lb></lb><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> idem permanet Socrates <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſanitatem accipiens, aliàs <expan abbr="ęgritudinẽ">ęgritudinem</expan>: ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ęs fit <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> angulare, <lb></lb><expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> teres, idem permanet: ſed ipſius <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> qualitas & figura mutatur. </s> <s>idcirco eſt alteratio, quę inter <lb></lb>contraria, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> media <expan abbr="gnnaliter">generaliter</expan> obitur. </s> <s>Erit verò tum <expan abbr="gñatio">generatio</expan>, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> totum <expan abbr="cõmutetur">commutetur</expan>, ne .ſ. </s> <s>aliquod ſen<lb></lb>ſile remaneat, (eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſenſile <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, ſubſtantia indiuidua, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> actu exiſtit) quod <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit, verùm <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3384"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in aliud <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> mutetur, & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> categorematicè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. permanet <expan abbr="immuſicũ">immuſicum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimplex, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſicuti <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> è genitura fit ſanguis, fit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſanguis è tota genitura; quia tota tranſit in ſangui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3385"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem .i. </s> <s>ſubſtantia genituræ non permanet: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cæteroqui permaneat in alteratione <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan>, cùm ex aëre <expan abbr="producit̃">producitur</expan> aqua, aut contrà aqua <expan abbr="corrumpit̃">corrumpitur</expan>: nunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non remanet aër, mox aqua non <lb></lb>erit ſuperſtes, ſed vno ex his deficiente <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> protinus ſuccedit, ex ordine <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> via <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſupra ex Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſignificauimus, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> inualuerit vſus, & <expan abbr="gñationẽ">gnnationem</expan>, & corruptionem rei ſenſili tribuamus, nulla facta <lb></lb>mentione rei illius in ſeu ſilis, in <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan>, aut ex qua mutatio fiat. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò tametſi nullum ſenſile <lb></lb>ſuperſtes eſt, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiectum: attamen id remanet quod eſt potentia: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm capax eſt illius <lb></lb>oppoſitionis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pertinet ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; & dum ſubſtantię <expan abbr="cõmutant̃">commutantur</expan> inuicem, reſtat: proptereà <expan abbr="gñatio">generatio</expan> <lb></lb>eſt mutatio totius in totum nullo ſenſili ſuperſtite, vt ſubiecto, ſed eo quod eſt inſenſile tantùm, hoc <lb></lb>verò .i. </s> <s>quod eſt potentia, cùm cæteroquin actu ſubſtantia remaneat, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> mutatur accidens. </s> <s>Quanuis <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eueniat, vt cùm rei vnius in alteram fit mutatio, complura, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inſunt in re <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> corrumpitur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> illa <lb></lb>commutentur: <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>paſsio quæ eſt altera pars vnius oppoſitionis non aboleatur, <lb></lb>ſed ipſi cum genito <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> in eo reſideat, veluti cùm mutatur aër in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, remanet in aqua pel <pb pagenum="567"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3386"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>luciditas; non eſt <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> quae vereamur, ne forte illa aëris permutatio generationis <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> non ſit appellan<lb></lb>da, quae aliquod ſubiectum accidentib. illis quæ permutantur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuperſtes eſſe videatur: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſ<lb></lb>ſam hanc alterationem eſſe ſuſpicemur; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formæ, inter quas mutatio fit, inſunt in illo com<lb></lb>muni, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> accidens in ſubiecto. </s> <s>nam ſi ita ſit; alteratio fuerit profectò, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> generatio: nunc ita <lb></lb>inter ſe conſequuntur; <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> inſunt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> in eodem ſubiecto quod mutatur tanquam materia: ideò, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> reſtent nonnullę qualitates, nihilominus eſt generatio: quamobrem nihil prohibet curſum ge<lb></lb>nerationis, ſiquid <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ſuperſit, modò id non ſit eorum ſubiectum inter quę fit mutatio; hoc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>eſt ſubſtantia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſa eſt proprium ſubiectum accidentis. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> exemplo quodam Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ipſe vniuerſam rem illuſtrare conatus eſt, inquiens. </s> <s>Vt cùm è genitura fit ſanguis. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt ſe habeat <lb></lb>exemplum hoc in promptu eſt dicere, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>eiuſmodi <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> eſſe, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> immineat ſuſpicio de falſitate aut <lb></lb>menda, <expan abbr="neglectumq́">neglectumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt ab interpretib. eius loci (vt opinor) quae Ariſt. </s> <s>alicubi in afferendis exemplis o<lb></lb>ſcitantior deprehendatur: quia nos aliter arbitramur, liceat item nobis aliquam lucem ipſi afferre. <lb></lb></s> <s>Habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>è genitura tota fieri ſanguinem, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> potius contra ſe res habeat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> è ſanguine <lb></lb>ſit genitura. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa excrementum, & redundantia vltimi vtilis alimenti, vltimum verò alimentum <lb></lb>ſanguis ipſe eſt. </s> <s>Scire igitur licet Ariſt. </s> <s>diſtinxiſſe ortus noſtri primordia in <foreign lang="grc">γουην̀ & σπέρμα</foreign> .i. </s> <s>geni<lb></lb>turam & ſemen, genituram verò propriè nuncupaſſe partem illam ſeminis quæ emittitur à mare in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3387"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua vis illa inſidet actuoſa ad ſimile producendum: ſemen <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod è menſtruo ſanguine, vt ma<lb></lb>teria & genitura, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> forma conflatum eſt. </s> <s>Menſtruum verò ambiguè ſanguinem eſſe putat Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>quia non dum <expan abbr="coctũ">coctum</expan> fuerit; fieri verò ipſum ait, ſanguinem procedente coctione, & ex illo fieri par<lb></lb>tes corporis, vbi factus fuerit ſanguis: & intra vterum ali: quippe quae eadem principia ſint, è quibus <lb></lb>conflamur, & è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> conflati nutrimur. </s> <s>Menſtruum hunc ſanguinem, qui reuera ſanguis non eſt, ve<lb></lb>rùm fit ſanguis per coctionem, <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>appellaſſe <expan abbr="geniturã">genituram</expan>, minus propriè ſumpto vocabulo, & po<lb></lb>tius ex Antiquorum ſententia qui genituram à fœmina mitti credebant, quæ foret ortus <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>; <lb></lb>velut illa eſt quæ effunditur à mare, eſſe verò ortus <expan abbr="primordiũ">primordium</expan>; non <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> materiam, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt <lb></lb>efficiens & formam: <expan abbr="q̃obrem">quamobrem</expan> eorum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> genitura fiebat ſanguis, cùm reuera menſtruus humor, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> genitura ſanguis fiat. </s> <s>Paſsim verò, apud Antiquos habemus à fœmina genituram procedere. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>Polybius <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inquit <foreign lang="grc">ἔξω χωρὲῃ ἡ γονὴ ἀπ' ἀμφοτὲρον</foreign> Hippocrates item in primis verbis libri de na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3388"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura infantis ſic ait <foreign lang="grc">ην̓́ ἡ γονή μείνῃ ἀπ' ἀμφοῖν</foreign>. </s> <s>Galenus itidem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>conformiter cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3389"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Antiquis <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> nominaſſe genituram, id quod tam viris, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fœminis <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> eſt; vbi rationem reddit, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3390"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animalia pinguia minus emittant ſeminis & excrementi, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> propriè genita viro tribuatur, fœ<lb></lb>minæ menſtrua: nam quae illa pars genituræ, ſiue menſtrui tranſeat in ſanguinem tota; perſuadet illo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3391"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſigno Ariſt. </s> <s>quae cor ipſum, quod primum è corporis noſtri partibus oritur, eſt viſcus ſanguineum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3383"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3384"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3385"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3386"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3387"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3388"></margin.target>a 1. de Se<lb></lb>mine. </s> <s>c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3389"></margin.target>b 1 de Se<lb></lb>mi. </s> <s>c. 3</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3390"></margin.target>c 1 de Ge. <lb></lb>an. c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3391"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm potentia ſit eſſentia materiæ, an illi accidat. </s> <s>Caput XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EST igitur primum generationis ſubiectum materia quæ quidem eſt ſubſtantia, vt <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>vtrùm potentia ſit eius eſſentia nec'ne, diu <expan abbr="multumq́">multumque</expan>. </s> <s>à Philoſophis quæſitum eſt, quapropter <lb></lb>& id hoc loco ſine culpa tractabitur. </s> <s>Verùm, vt res planior fiat; ſcire conuenit <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, & exiſtere eſ<lb></lb>ſe vel ſimplicia, vel <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>; ac ſimplicium <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſimplicia, <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> verò compoſitorum, cùm verò <lb></lb>ſimplicia ſint, vel quae reſpuant <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="compoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan> ſiue rei, ſeu <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>, & rei quidem quae à diuerſis princi<lb></lb>piis, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> aliquod ſit quod vim <expan abbr="hẽat">habeat</expan> actus; aliud verò ſiue <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ſeu plura, <expan abbr="ptãtis">potestatis</expan>, <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quae eius eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ prior alia notio ſupponitur; vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae non admittant <expan abbr="cõpoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan> rei duntaxat, conſimili quo<lb></lb>que <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſimplex ſit eſſentia neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſimplex ſit Deus ſolus qui eſt O. M. in eo <lb></lb>ſimpliciſsima erit eſſentia, & eſſe & eſſentia, ſic erunt idem, vt nulla varietatis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, ne dum ineſſe, ſed <lb></lb>ne cogitari <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> valeat; in cæteris aliquid varietatis inhęreat oportet, & minus in iis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſecreta ſunt <lb></lb>à materia, plus in materiatis; <expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſeruatur in ea <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſimplicitatis, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> propor<lb></lb>tione eſſentia ſimplex habenda eſt: hanc ergo nunc accipimus ita ſimplicem, quia reſpuat <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> compo<lb></lb>ſitionem <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> eſſe rei: & ſic materiam accipimus, vt ope mentis ab actu, & forma ſeuocatam, eo <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3392"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> quo abſtractionem ab initio fieri diximus. </s> <s>Porrò conſtat eſſe & <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> diuerſos gradus obtine<lb></lb>re; quippe quæ pertineant ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa quæ <expan abbr="cõprehenduntur">comprehenduntur</expan> intra Deum, quod in <expan abbr="gñe">genere</expan> eorum <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt <lb></lb>ſummum eſt, & ea quæ nihilo terminantur, ordine <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> eſſentia <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> peti ſolet, ab <lb></lb>actu; id <expan abbr="q̃ritur">quaeritur</expan> nunc, an eſſentia materiæ item ab actu petatur, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> eſſentiæ reliquorum quæ <lb></lb>aut actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ſunt, aut <expan abbr="conſtãt">conſtant</expan> ex actu. </s> <s>Quia verò actu <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> opponitur <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> contrariorum in <expan abbr="gñe">genere</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſunt per ſe; altera pars noſtri problematis illò ſpectabit, vt intelligatur, an eius eſſentia potius à <lb></lb>poteſtate petenda ſit, demum illud proponitur. </s> <s>Vtrùm actus, an <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> ſint eſſentia materię. </s> <s><expan abbr="Alterã">Alteram</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> <lb></lb>Græci <expan abbr="defendũt">defendunt</expan>, vt Themiſtius; reliqui Auerroes, & Latini <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan>. </s> <s>Auerroes profeſſus eſt, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <lb></lb>vt inquit ipſe, ſuſtentari perpoſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò in hanc poſitionem hoc afferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: eſſentiam nunquam <lb></lb>ſeparari ab eo, cuius eſt eſſentia; verùm poteſtas à materia ſeparatur, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> forma adueniente ceſſat ra<lb></lb>tio poteſtatis in materia. </s> <s>At dici ſolet (hæc enim inter alias reſponſiones mihi magis arridet) mate<lb></lb>riam obtinere geminam poteſtatem: alteram quidem certam, & quaſi ſingularem: <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> verò vni<lb></lb>uerſalem & infinitam: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> certam illam deleri fatentur: alteram verò permanere quæ infinita eſt, <lb></lb>& vniuerſalis, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſentiam eſſe materiæ. </s> <s>Veruntamen ſi materia quiddam ſimplex eſt: ergo ſe <pb pagenum="568"></pb>quitur, vt tota eius eſſentia ſit poteſtas: aliter materia quid concretum foret: oppoſitum verò nuper <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3393"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuit aſſumptum. </s> <s>Atqui poteſtas ad aliud refertur: eſſentia igitur materiæ referetur ad illud: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, ſed potius accidens: immò prędicamentorum omnium minimè natura quædam, aut ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, ac poſterior tum quali, tum quanto, & quædam quanti paſsio [vt dictum eſt,] ſunt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> verba <lb></lb>hæc Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> (“dictum verò fuerat de æquali & inæquali, magno & paruo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Pythagoras & Plato <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3394"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturalium primordia poſuerant”) ſed non materia, aut aliquid aliud [ſubiectum] & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> ad ali<lb></lb>quid .i. </s> <s>generi ipſi, <expan abbr="partibusq́">partibusque</expan>. </s> <s>eius, & ſpecieb. </s> <s>ſubſtantia verò vult eſſe prior, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nec motus eſt in iis <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ad aliquid per ſe; ſed illi perpetuò motus in altero prædicamento ſupponitur, eam verò a<lb></lb>liud reſpicere non dubitandum, quia ſemper ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> referatur. </s> <s>Ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> igitur cauſſam potuerunt Græ<lb></lb>ci negare poteſtatem eſſe materiæ ipſius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae opinionem ſuam huiuſmodi argumen<lb></lb>to confirmabant: quia ſi poteſtas eſſentia materiæ foret: materia igitur non eſſet materia, quod ſanè <lb></lb>ſuperat abſurditate <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quantumuis abſurda: <expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> id quod poteſtate eſt, quatenus huiuſmo<lb></lb>di, nondum eſt, quare ſi materia talis eſſet, certè materia non eſſet. </s> <s>ex hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> efficitur materiæ aliam <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> materiam ſubiici: nam ſi id actum deduci debeat, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> via naturali ab aliquo quod in actu <lb></lb>ſit, & ex aliquo quod exiſtat poteſtate, deducenda erit, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> iam eſt ipſa materia. </s> <s>quae ſi quæras ex il<lb></lb>lis, quam'nam affinitatem cum materia poteſtas adepta ſit, accidens illam eſſe reſpondebunt. </s> <s>Con<lb></lb>tra hæc. </s> <s>materia prior eſt origine, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> forma: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi potentia quæ eſt in materia, cum accidente nume<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3395"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratur: ergo materia cum accidente formæ præcedit, ſed materia cum accidente <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> per accidens eſt: <lb></lb>materia verò cum forma vnum per ſe: ergo aliquod per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit, illi quod per ſe eſt, antecede<lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>Deinde ſequeretur <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> non fieri proximè è duob. </s> <s>principiis, materia <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> & forma, cuius <lb></lb>coniunctionis <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> reddi poſſe dicebat Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> oporteret intercedere <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="conſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan> <lb></lb>accidens. </s> <s>Ad hoc ſuo loco abſurdum eſſe demonſtrabitur. </s> <s>Quare dicendum eſt <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> acci<lb></lb>dens, inhærere materiæ non poſſe. </s> <s>Tùm prętereà quæro ex illis, cùm inquiunt materiam eſſe actu <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, an'ne accipiant actu, quia conſtet ex actu, an quia ſit actus: & quidem, ſi actu dederint: er<lb></lb>go compoſita: quae ſi actum reſpondeant: at hoc à decretis Ariſt. </s> <s>alienum eſt qui <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ipſam <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſe voluerit. </s> <s>Rurſus aut actus eſt vniuerſa ſui ipſius eſſentia, aut non: ſi minus, idem ego iterum op<lb></lb>ponam: <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> facturam non eſſe ſimplicem; quae ſi ſimplex eſt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fateri cogimur: erit <lb></lb>igitur materia non ſanè ſubſtantia, ſed accidens: aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ſic materia reſpiciet: & ita accidens <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nilq́">nilque</expan>. </s> <s>in rerum natura quod ſit ſubſtantia: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſicuti poteſtas refertur ad actum; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> actus retrò com<lb></lb>meat ad <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan>: ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtas ab actu perfici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ita actus potentiæ perfectio <expan abbr="ponẽdus">ponendus</expan> eſt; quod <lb></lb>verò fit ex accidentib. accidens ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Proinde in materia duplicem <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> collocant erudi<lb></lb>tiſsimi viri, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> ſubſtantiæ, & <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> poteſtatis, & primam quidem ſubſtantiæ quæ à notione pote<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3396"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtatis abſtrahitur. </s> <s>Vnde ſi poteſtas excluditur notione ſubſtantiæ; planum eſt, quae eſt accidens, & ex il<lb></lb>la, quoad eſt ſubſtantia, ſubſtantiam fieri; poteſtatem verò eſſe <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> per quam è materia & for<lb></lb>ma fit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, & per <expan abbr="conſecutionẽ">conſecutionem</expan> ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſatisfaciendum eſt illis argumentis, <lb></lb>quæ nuper contra Græcos attulimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & de horum opinione mox agetur. </s> <s>At verò nos credi<lb></lb>mus eſſe magis conſonum doctrinæ Peripateticæ, ſi poteſtatem <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> materiæ ſtatuamus. </s> <s>Videtur <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſitionis huiuſce conſtitutio à duob. </s> <s>principijs deriuari. </s> <s><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Quod eſt diuidi per <lb></lb><expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & poteſtatem, vel per partes & principia, vel per modos & attributa. </s> <s>Hæc tametſi libris ſupe<lb></lb>riorib. enarrauimus, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> repetita adiuuabunt. </s> <s>habentur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtas & actus elementa <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan>, vt 12. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3397"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mæ philoſophiæ eadem dicit Auerroes <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſequi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, velut vmbra ſequitur corpus: pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3398"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſignificant naturas, ſecundo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proprietates <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ ſunt. </s> <s>Natura poteſtatis & actus ſim<lb></lb>plex eſt; modus eſt propriè <expan abbr="cõpoſitorũ">compoſitorum</expan>, illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non ſunt poteſtates & actus, ſed poteſtate & actu, vt pa<lb></lb>tet 3. Phyſ. Natura vt poteſtas eſt ens quod ex ſe ipſo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; actus quod per ſe ipſum eſt. </s> <s>Modus mihi <lb></lb>conuenit qui actu ſcribo, poſſum verò quieſcere. </s> <s>Poteſtas & actus recto <expan abbr="ſignificãtur">ſignificantur</expan>, modi obliquo, <lb></lb>& veluti per <expan abbr="denominationẽ">denominationem</expan>. </s> <s>Actus & potentia pertinent ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, modi ſpectant ad id quod eſt <lb></lb>exiſtere, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu de quo prędicatur <expan abbr="verbũ">verbum</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehenſa">comprehenſa</expan> nota <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> pręſentis, poteſtate <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de quo prę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3399"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicatur concepta nota futuri. </s> <s>Eſſe actu de illo <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> quod vnum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> .i. </s> <s>tale, vt edere queat <lb></lb>illa munera ad quę <expan abbr="inſtitutũ">inſtitutum</expan> eſt à natura, poteſtate contra quod apparatur ad id, vt tale reddatur. </s> <s>Na<lb></lb>tura, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> ſimplex, <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> idem eſſe, vt eſſentiam. </s> <s>Sed & materia & forma, cùm ſint identidem ſimplices, <lb></lb><expan abbr="hñt">habent</expan> eſſe, & eſſentiam idem. </s> <s>Modus, etſi propriè compoſitorum eſt, <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tranſumi ad ſignificandas <lb></lb>naturas ſimplices: & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> forma eſt actus, illi <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> poteſtas conuenire <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> vt forma ignis in hac cha<lb></lb>ta <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> exiſtere. </s> <s>Sic & actu materies eſt & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> de <expan abbr="quibuſcunq.">quibuſcunque</expan> vere dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe, vt <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> poteſtas ipſa <lb></lb>ſit, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit actu, quod eſſe cum de materia, auctore Philoſopho, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> perpetuò prędicetur, effi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3400"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>citur, vt actu eſſe <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materiæ concedatur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur poteſtas materiæ tribuitur, actus autem formę; <lb></lb>non ſanè modus, ſed natura accipitur, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel <expan abbr="pronunciat̃">pronunciatur</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe <foreign lang="grc">δήναμιν</foreign>, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, & ſic neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> ſunt principia ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> non <expan abbr="pñt">poſſunt</expan> eſſe, niſi <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> mate<lb></lb>ries & forma ſint naturę ſimplices, <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſint, & <expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan> ſit eſſentia materię. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> verò <expan abbr="ſumit̃">ſumitur</expan> vt mo<lb></lb>dus, quae actus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materię <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> planè <expan abbr="ptãtem">potestatem</expan>, vt diximus <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> fuiſſe materiam ea <expan abbr="teſtant̃">teſtantur</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="pro-fitet̃">pro<lb></lb>fitetur</expan> Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">ἡ δὲ ὑλη δήνομις</foreign>, <expan abbr="inquiẽs">inquiens</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τό δὲ εἶδος ὲντελέχεια</foreign>. </s> <s>Materia verò facultas, forma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actus eſt <lb></lb>non multo pòſt <foreign lang="grc">τριχῶς γὰρ λεγομένης τῆς οὐσίας καθάπερ εἴπωμεν, ὧν τὸ μὲν εἶδος τοδὲ ὕλη, τοδὲ</foreign>, <pb pagenum="569"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3401"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">έξ ᾶμφοἵν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τούτων δ̓ἡ μὲν ὑλη δυναμις, τοδὲ εἶδος ἐντελέχεια</foreign>. </s> <s>Cum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tripliciter ſubſtantia dica<lb></lb>tur, vt diximus, & ex ſubſtantiis hæc quidem forma, illa vero materia, & compoſitum ex his, <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> <lb></lb>verò materia poteſtas: “forma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actus. </s> <s>Sed multo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> prius Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſi rectè eius dicta perpendan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3402"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, materiam poteſtatem vocauit; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ingenitam & incorruptam eſſe teſtatus eſt.” Prætereà docet <lb></lb><expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ipſe poteſtatem eſſe cauſſam interitus, ergo ex regulis demonſtrationis eſt princi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3403"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pium in eo quod corrumpitur. </s> <s>At duo principia ſunt materies & forma; ex forma verò eſt eſſe: er<lb></lb>go ex materia non eſſe. </s> <s>Et materies igitur poteſtas: eodem quoque modo actus vt modus; velut 3. <lb></lb>Phyſ. cùm ego actu ſcribo, vt res 13. p. </s> <s>p. cùm inquit: de ſenſilium <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſubſtantia, quę'nam ſit <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt: in methodo quidem naturalium de materia, poſterius verò de actu, id eſt forma & ſubſtantiis <lb></lb>immateriatis. </s> <s>Nec plane vlla ſubſtantia poteſt eſſe æterna niſi ſit actus; vel ſimpliciter, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum ęterna ſimpliciter ſiue incorporea, ſeu corporea, vel aliquomodo, & ſicut ab actu deriuant, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>eo nomine quo quomodo potiantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materia, non ſit ingenita & incorrupta Peripate<lb></lb>ticis auctorib. non videtur pari ratione nomine actus excludenda. </s> <s>Ac ſi omne quod eſt, quatenus <lb></lb>eſt, eſt ens, addo item actu, quod ita eſſe ſignificamus nomine eius quod eſt actu eſſe; poterimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>concedere Gręcis materiam eſſe actu materiam: nam ſic licet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pronuntiare potentiam eſſe poten<lb></lb>tiam, quanuis actus, & potentia ſint oppoſita. </s> <s>ſiquidem potentia ſit id quod eſt, & aliud nihil. </s> <s>Ac ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3404"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>velimus inſuper hanc <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ ὑπἀρχειν</foreign>, & eius quod eſt eſſe modum cum ſubtiliſsimo Scoto <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> entita<lb></lb>tiuum appellare, manum non verterim: ſufficiat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mihi rei naturam percepiſſe. </s> <s>tametſi cogor ab <lb></lb>eo diſſentire, quae actum hunc vniuocum ſtatuere compellitur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>apud illum ſequitur actum eſſe <lb></lb>actus, & qualitatem qualitatis contra ea quę decreuit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſolet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> commune vniuocum prius eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3405"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe natura, & prędicari de partib. ſecundùm nomen, & ſecundùm rationem: propterea cùm forma ſit <lb></lb>actus, & idcirco ab aliis entibus ſecreta quæ ſunt aut poteſtates, aut in actu, actus igitur de actu prę<lb></lb>dicabitur, & ſaltem vt quid natura prius: proinde eſſentia materiæ ſimplex non erit. </s> <s>Et hæc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæ <lb></lb>nos aſſerimus, Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> patronum habent, qui ſtatuerit principia non eſſe potentia: quare ſi materia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3406"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potentia foret, principium certè non eſſet. </s> <s>Attamen & materia poteſtas eſt, & eſt principium. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>re ne inter Ariſt. </s> <s>dicta ſit repugnantia, dicamus Ariſt. </s> <s>negare principia eſſe potentia, ſumpta potentia <lb></lb>vt modo, confirmatur quoniam principia ſe ipſis diſtinguuntur: aliter eſſent principia <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed materies & forma per actum & potentiam diſtinguuntur 2. de An. Aut igitur principia non di<lb></lb>ſtinguuntur ex ſe ipſis; aut idem ſunt actus & forma, materies & poteſtas. </s> <s>Alterum illud eſt vt decer<lb></lb>namus an'ne poteſtas illa quæ ſubſtantiæ pars eſt, ſit abſolutum quid, an potius aliud reſpiciat: hoc <lb></lb>verò conſtituere difficile eſt propter hominum auctoritatem; nam <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> opinantur, materiam & <lb></lb>potentiam in prima notione eſſe aliquid abſolutum. </s> <s>Veruntamen auctoritas Ariſt. </s> <s>aliter me ſentire <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3407"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cogit. </s> <s>Etenim primò talis conſideratio phyſica <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet, & ſic materia non exponeretur à phyſico di<lb></lb>ligenter, quod ipſi volunt, & Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe teſtatur. </s> <s>Probo quoniam ſic non eſt principium tranſmuta<lb></lb>tionis, ſed ens, cuius ſpeculatio eſt primæ philoſophiæ. </s> <s>Deinde ſi talis eſſet eius notio, ſpectaretur, & <lb></lb>definiretur à primo philoſopho, atqui ſemper potentia definitur ab ipſo per actum, & materia cum <lb></lb>relatione ad formam. </s> <s>Et illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Platonis opinio fuit, vt doceo abundè Syrianus 14. p. </s> <s>p. negatio<lb></lb>nes, & potentias ſubſtantiarum non eſſe ad aliquid ſimpliciter, ſed in eo duntaxat gradu quo vnum <lb></lb>ab alio pendet. </s> <s>Sed eſto, ſit hæc imbecillitas methodi quæ non poſsit id aſſequi docendo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter <lb></lb>declarare principia; tamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id tolerat natura, cùm id totum quod ipſa eſt, ſit eſſe potens in ſe, & <lb></lb>poteſtas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per naturam pendeat ab actu. </s> <s>Proptereà dico cùm apud phyſicum, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> apud primum <lb></lb>philoſophum inter materiam & formam naturalem neceſſariam eſſe relationem. </s> <s>Hîc te video pla<lb></lb>nè inſiſtere, & vereri repugnantiam naturę: quippe quae poteſtas habitudinem ſignificet; hæc verò acci<lb></lb>dens eſt. </s> <s>Legimus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> apud Philoſophos geminam habitudinem; alteram quidem quæ eſt accidens: <lb></lb>quam <foreign lang="grc">ἑπίσακτον</foreign> vocat Proclus, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eſſentia nullam <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> <expan abbr="affinitatẽ">affinitatem</expan>, veluti quae Socrates ſit prę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3408"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceptor, aut pater: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> hæc à Socrate vel re, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mente ſeuocarentur, idem <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> Socrates <lb></lb>permaneret, & hoc erat illud relatiuorum genus, quod aliis inhęret prædicamentis, & pręcipuè <expan abbr="quã-">quan<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3409"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>titati, quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> commune genus conſtituit, & ſeorſum categoriam facit: alteram verò habitudinem <lb></lb>internam, & quæ pertinet ad eſſentiam <foreign lang="grc">σύμφυτον</foreign> ipſe vocat, & <foreign lang="grc">κατ' οὐσίαν</foreign> qua dempta protinus rei <lb></lb>ſubſtantia tolleretur, vtputa, ſi ab animo tolleretur actus eſſe corporis organici, quicquid dixerit <lb></lb>Alexander. </s> <s>Relatio externa nititur fundamentis numero differentib. interna <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in eodem indiuiduo <lb></lb>conſiſtere poteſt ea reperitur in diuinis, in obiecto & mente, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hanc aſſero ſubſtantiam eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ac<lb></lb>cidens, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>nihil addere, quod re diuerſum ſit ab iis quorum eſt. </s> <s>Nam per hanc ex ipſis vnum fit, <lb></lb>& ex principiis eſt compoſitum, Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inſit ea relatio, & quod nihil addat illa demonſtrant. </s> <s>ni<lb></lb>mirùm quòd eſſentia ſyllabæ BA. non eſt B. & A. ſed ratio B. ad A. & eſſentia mixtorum eſt ratio <lb></lb>elementorum. </s> <s>Non addere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aliquid illa probant, quae ex materia & forma non fieret vnum per ſe, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> compoſitum. </s> <s>Pręterea ſi conſtaret ex habitudine, in habitudinem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reſolueretur. </s> <s>at non re<lb></lb>ſoluitur niſi in rationem materiæ & formæ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Necnon ſubſtantia ex accidente exiſteret, etenim & v<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3410"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>na ſubſtantia fit ex coniunctione actus & poteſtatis. </s> <s>Conſimilem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> relationem inter accidens <lb></lb>& ſubſtantiam exiſtere arbitrandum eſt, quæ planè eſt de natura & eſſentia accidentis. </s> <s>Itaque dici<lb></lb>tur accidentis eſſe eſt inhęrere, & eſſe in ſubiecto, quam nullo modo accidens eſſe dici poteſt: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ea <pb pagenum="570"></pb>relatio quæ eſt accidens, flagitat omnes alias categoriâs; hæc verò omnib. accidentis categoriis antece<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3411"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>Ergo ineſt in materia relatio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem interna, & de ipſis eſſentia. </s> <s>Sic igitur ſi à potentia <lb></lb>ſegreges eſſe perficiendum ab actu, aut contra, ab actu non eſſe perfectionem, certè <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> eſſentia <lb></lb>tolletur: eodem modo nunc de materia & forma putandum eſt; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> vt alias dicetur alia ſit habi<lb></lb>tudo materiæ ad formam; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia rurſus formæ ad materiam; ſed in vt in formis naturalib. hæc <lb></lb>habitudo neceſſaria ſit: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> auferas à materia non eſſe eiuſmodi, vt à forma perfici poſsit, aut viciſ<lb></lb>ſim à forma non eſſe materiæ perfectionem; nullum <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> eſſentiæ <expan abbr="ſubſtantiæq́">ſubſtantiæque</expan>. </s> <s>veſtigium relin<lb></lb>quas, quae in naturalibus neceſſariò ſeſe viciſsim reſpiciant. </s> <s>quapropter huiuſmodi principia non <expan abbr="erũt">erunt</expan> <lb></lb>accidentia, propter adiunctam habitudinem; ſed nihilominus ſubſtantiæ permanebunt; ac potius e<lb></lb>rit ea habitudo, quia concipiatur à nob. </s> <s>ſub figura eorum quæ ſe viciſsim reſpiciunt, <expan abbr="q̃quae">quaquae</expan> ſit <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> <lb></lb>quod materiæ <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>extrinſecùs accedat. </s> <s>Et hæc videtur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Alexandri ſententia fuiſſe: <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>ipſe <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> exiſtimarit formam ineſſe in materia in ſecundo modo dicendi per ſe, quia definitur <lb></lb>per ſubiectum. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſic accidens eſſe videretur forma; quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſſe non poſſet, ſiquidem acci<lb></lb>dens adſit, & abſit citra interitum: forma verò ſi pereat; afferat interitum: nam tollitur è medio <expan abbr="cõ-poſitum">con<lb></lb>poſitum</expan>: dicta ſua retractare coactus fuerit, & ſententiam ſuperiorem approbare. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Verùm quòd po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3412"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſteà vbi docet, quemadmodum animus ſit actus corporis phyſici organici; & cur non ſit ex eorum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3413"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genere quæ ſe viciſsim reſpiciunt, inquit, eam ſignificare ſubſtantiam, cui decidit alterius eſſe; & te<lb></lb>ſtari videtur hæc non ſeſe intueri per ſe, ſed quatenus illis vltra propriam naturam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, <lb></lb>accidit alterius eſſe; quaſi relatio negetur omnib. quæ non ſunt ex hoc ipſo prędicamento per ſe, vi<lb></lb>detur opponi prorſus noſtro decreto. </s> <s>Sed vt concluſio prior mihi placet; ita cauſſa ſuſpecta eſſe de<lb></lb>bet; ſiquidem accidens exiſtimari non poſsit ad id quod ad eius abitum interit: atquid vetat eſſe ac<lb></lb>cidens ei quod ipſo abeunte non corrumpitur? </s> <s>atqui abeunte forma interit compoſitum, ſed mate<lb></lb>ria conſeruatur. </s> <s>ergo non tollitur, quin ſit accidens ad materiam, ſed ad compoſitum. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="opẽ">opem</expan> <lb></lb>ferre oportet Alexandro, & accipere materiam vltimam quæ eſt idem cum forma: idcirco etiam: <lb></lb>mutata forma corrumpitur: alterum prorſus non approbo: niſi & ita Alexandrum à repugnantia <lb></lb>defendamus; vel quòd accidere communius capiat pro eo quod eſt, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> inhærere; quòd <lb></lb>habitudo, quanuis interna ſit; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vt aliquid ratione diuerſum ſpectetur à ſubſtantia ipſa quæ refer<lb></lb>tur: id quod euitari non poteſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi eiuſmodi ſubſtantia reipſa ſimplex eſt; at quod alterum <lb></lb>intuetur, quantumuis internum ſit; rationis diſcrimen quoquo pacto ſubit: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt aliud quid à <lb></lb>ſubſtantia diuerſum ineſſe videatur. </s> <s>aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd habitudo in animo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> aliud quiddam à ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia concipiatur; quia accidens ſit illi ſubſtantiæ quæ ante corporis organici productionem in ſemine <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3414"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continetur; poſtmodò verò illi accedens efficitur animus, ita vt eius eſſentia in eiuſmodi habitudi<lb></lb>ne ſit poſita. </s> <s>Quamobrem habitudo hæc illi ſubſtantiæ, dum manet in ſemine, adſit extrinſecus, vt <lb></lb>accidens; & ea relatione determinetur quæ dirigitur ad futurum; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliqua relatio talis in omni<lb></lb>bus vbi poteſtas apparet: animi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quatenus animus eſt; eſt verò tum, cùm organa fabricata ſunt; <lb></lb>eſſentiam <expan abbr="cõpleat">compleat</expan>. </s> <s>& ſeorſum id de animo pronunciatum ſit, non generatim de omni forma. </s> <s>Ergo, <lb></lb>vt redeam ad rem noſtram, nihil officit nobis poſterior Alexandri ſententia: quapropter illa via, <lb></lb>quam prius cum Alexandro iniuimus, non ſine cauſſa retinebitur. </s> <s>At dices ad hæc fortaſſe; primùm <lb></lb>eſſe ſubſtantiæ per ſe ſubſiſtere, & abſolutum eſſe: certè id concedimus, ſi ſubſtantiæ compoſitę fue<lb></lb>rint: etenim hę ſolę per ſe ſunt: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparabiles nuncupantur. </s> <s>cęterę non omnes, ſed actus incor<lb></lb>porei, <expan abbr="quiq́">quique</expan>. </s> <s>nullo pacto ſunt per materiam, aut prętereà cęlum ſolùm, quod in genere ſenſilium ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia ſimplex eſt, ſeparabiles ſunt: reliquæ per ſe non manent, cùm formæ <expan abbr="pendeãt">pendeant</expan> à materìa: ma<lb></lb>teria item prorſus pendeat à forma. </s> <s>quae ſi maximè eſſe creduntur, quia ſubſtantiæ principia ſunt: at id <lb></lb>nullam penitus habet neceſsitatem: maximè eſt: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & maximè abſolutum: ob id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae huiuſmo<lb></lb>di principia abſoluta non ſunt, in cauſſa ſunt, vt compoſitum ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> abſolutum ſit: magis ſanè <lb></lb>ſunt, verùm non abſoluta magis, & eſſe illis, vt entelechiæ tribuitur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> formaliter, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſen<lb></lb>tię cauſſa, non hypoſtaſeos; hypoſtaſis conuenit in diuiduo, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa, quae ſit abſolutum, & in ſe ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3415"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſo contineat omnia principia, quorum talis eſt nexus, vt alterum ſine altero non exiſtat: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>ſecutio neceſsitatem obtinet in ſubſtantiis compoſitis ſolummodò, & ſeparatis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3392"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3393"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3394"></margin.target>a 14. Me. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3395"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3396"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3397"></margin.target>b T. 27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3398"></margin.target>c 3. Trac. <lb></lb></s> <s>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3399"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3400"></margin.target>d 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 82.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3401"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3402"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3403"></margin.target>b 12. p. </s> <s>p.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3404"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3405"></margin.target>c 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 35.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3406"></margin.target>d 3. p. </s> <s>p <lb></lb>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3407"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3408"></margin.target>e 2. in Ti.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3409"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3410"></margin.target>f 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 65.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3411"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3412"></margin.target>a 2. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3413"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3414"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3415"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur ſit'ne ſignata materiæ poteſtas accidens, an ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CAETERVM hæc ad infinitam illam poteſtatem pertinent, quæ generatim reſpicit omnem <lb></lb>formam: quid <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de illa ſingulari dicemus? </s> <s>Ex hac potentia, per quam conſtitui <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> di<lb></lb>cimus, exoritur, inquiunt, altera <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>, ſicut è corpore vmbrá; eam verò <expan abbr="ſignatã">ſignatam</expan> eſſe volunt, & ac<lb></lb>cidens eſſe fatentur: quoniam ſalua materia corrumpatur. </s> <s>Mihi nunc aliud in mentem venit etiam <lb></lb>definitam <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> poteſtatem eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, & ita ſe habere ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſingularem analogicè, velut il<lb></lb>la poteſtas indefinita ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſimpliciter, nec accidentis interuentu opus eſſe, vbi <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ex hac mate<lb></lb>ria, & hac forma hoc vnum per ſe fieri debeat: immò quae ex hac forma & hac materia per ſe vnum fit, <lb></lb>& vnum maximè, quod eſt vnum ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, illud generatim collectum ex materia & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> fieri <lb></lb>per ſe vnum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita natura <expan abbr="cõparatum">comparatum</expan> eſt, vt quæ vniuersè ſunt vniuerſorum cauſſæ, eædem ſin<lb></lb>gulares ſint ſingularium: vt animus animalis forma ſimpliciter, & hæc animalis huiuſce forma; <pb pagenum="571"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3416"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, ſi illos audiamus, vt ſiquis hominem ſubſtantiam eſſe fateatur, hominem verò hunc eſ<lb></lb>ſe accidens, quod eò foret abſurdius, quo indiuidua ſolent magis eſſe ſubſtantiæ, ac ſi rerum natu<lb></lb>ra conſulatur. </s> <s>Cùm duæ ſint ſubſtantiæ partes, eſſentia & exiſtentia, vt ex forma pendet eſſentia, <lb></lb>ſic ex materia ducat originem exiſtentia quæ iam efficit hoc aliquid: atqui materia, vnde hoc eſt, <lb></lb>eſt ſingularis: itaque ſiquo pacto ratio diſiungere queat eſſe ab eſſentia in ſimplicibus iudicandum <lb></lb>ſit in actibus, eſſe ſubſequi eſſentiam, nam forma quæ eſt eſſentia, conſequitur, quòd tum ſit, cùm <lb></lb>ponitur in materia; in materia contrà eſſentia ipſi eſſe ſuperuenire cenſeatur; oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formę ſup<lb></lb>poni certam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ex quo protinus exiſtit ſingulare: etenim eſſentia per ſe vniuerſalis eſt: ma<lb></lb>teria per ſe ipſa numerabilis. </s> <s>idcirco materia particularis, cùm magis exiſtat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vniuerſalis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ma<lb></lb>gis erit <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, & poteſtas illa ſignata magis ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> poteſtas illa infinita. </s> <s>At, inquis, interit <lb></lb>ſalua materia, immo, inquam, ea poteſtate corrupta materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> corrumpitur, & remanet <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>materia vniuerſalis, ſed interit ſingularis. </s> <s>Verùm vt quid illa ſit certius aſſequamur, conuenit ſcire <lb></lb>eam quæ ſignata eſt, ab vniuerſali reipſa non differre, ſed <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ διορισμὸν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ex determinatione & li<lb></lb>mitatione; <expan abbr="quãdoquidem">quandoquidem</expan> materia per ſe ipſa, vt diximus, eſt ſingularis, & ſemper cum <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> actu <lb></lb>certo & præfinito: mens eſt quæ ipſam ſeuocat ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> actu, & in ea collocat <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> prædicamenta, & hæc non eſt cauſſa mutationis; ea quæ reapſe exiſtit, eſt infinita quidem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3417"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed tamen hoc modo, quia cùm ſit ſub actu pręſente, reſpicit nihilominus <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, & hæc eſt cauſ<lb></lb>ſa mutationis. </s> <s>Cùm igitur poteſtas & infinitas in materia ſimpliciter non ſit poſita in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſeparatio<lb></lb>ne actus, ſed in ſeparatione actus oppoſiti, quæ <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> adeſt, quae alterum ex oppoſitis ſemper habet, al<lb></lb>tero caret: efficitur, vt poteſtas maneat ſemper affixa materię cum <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, quia olim ad hunc <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <lb></lb>nunc ad <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, mox ad alium in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>; vnde mens, quod collectiuè contingit, & particulatim <lb></lb>in ſingulis, ſyncategorematicè concipit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſcilicet, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> actu ſecretam. </s> <s>Necnon <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, <lb></lb>quae in poteſtate ſimpliciter duæ ſint habitudines, altera qua pars eſt rei quæ actu eſt, altera qua futu<lb></lb>ra eſt pars eius, quod nondum eſt. </s> <s>Ex hac poſteriore habitudine <expan abbr="exorit̃">exoritur</expan> potentia ſignata, ex qua exi<lb></lb>ſtit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mutationis. </s> <s>idcirco eadem eſt materies, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> poteſtas, à ſeipſa differens, vt indetermi<lb></lb>natum prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſuſcipiat determinationem, niſi quae illud prius <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, ſed natura <expan abbr="ſumẽdũ">ſumendum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc efficit ſanè materiam proximam. </s> <s>Hęc verò habitudo <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poteſtas pręſtatur ab efficiente; nam <lb></lb>quod incutit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> præparat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ad <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> certam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, certam ſcilicet <expan abbr="po-teſtatẽ">po<lb></lb>teſtatem</expan> imprimens quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan> à forma, propter quam ſic olim docuimus affici materiam, vt certo <lb></lb>motu ageretur ab efficiente, nec ſine illa materiæ poteſtas eſſet perfecta; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item natura materiæ: <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> ea poteſtas inſtituta eſt, vt materia per certas affectiones accipiat hanc, aut <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3418"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>at ſine illa planè non afficeretur; ergo ea determinatio eſt conſummatio poteſtatis, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi præ<lb></lb>betur ab efficiente; nihilominus ſua ipſius eſſentia efficitur, & ex hac <expan abbr="reddit̃">redditur</expan> materia particularis; <lb></lb>vniuerſalis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> infinitè reſpicit oppoſitas, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> perpetuò remanet, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> variatur, & cum illa mate<lb></lb>ria particularis. </s> <s>Quocirca ſi materiæ vis & natura poſita eſt in habitudine ad formam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vna <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> eſt quæ iam cum ipſa coniuncta eſt, vnde extat <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>: altera verò qua oppoſitam reſpicit, <lb></lb>vt cum illa <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fiat, liquidò apparet <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> determinationem, vnde <expan abbr="cõſtituitur">conſtituitur</expan> habitudo in materia ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> futuram, ad naturam materiæ pertinere, ac ſi inhæret formæ præſenti, vt olim docuimus, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="ordinat̃">ordinatur</expan> ad oppoſitam; quemadmodum formæ iſtæ <expan abbr="permutãtur">permutantur</expan>, ſic item determinatio variabitur; <lb></lb>ea variata materia corrumpetur. </s> <s>Si ergo materia ad eius interitum corrumpitur; nanque vltimam <lb></lb>corrumpi nobis eſt auctor Ariſt. </s> <s>planum eſt, quòd & poteſtas illa determinata eſt natura materiæ <lb></lb>ſingularis. </s> <s>Et id perſpicuum eſt, ſiquidem materia ſit propriè, quatenus habet <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan>, ſed aduentu <lb></lb>cuiuſlibet formę poteſtas illa variatur: etenim in ſemine materia <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> habet plantæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt <lb></lb>materia plantæ, in planta genita non eſt amplius materia plantæ, ſed trabis, quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe. </s> <s>Pręterea <lb></lb>ſicut anteà dictum eſt de ratione numerandi principia generationis bis materia numeratur, ſemel <lb></lb>cum priuatione, <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> cum forma, nec <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia conſeruatur, vbi ſpecies immutetur ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque ab his ſententiis abhorret <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui contra veteres diſſerens, eos hoc potiſsimùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3419"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3420"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nomine notabat, quae facerent primum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> immobile ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, quia ſic alteratio fo<lb></lb>ret, non generatio: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> loquitur philoſophus de eo ſubiecto quod habet in ſe accidentia in actu; <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, ſed de primo quod poſteà docet non poſſe ſeparari ab oppoſitis, cuius ſanè <expan abbr="ſub-ſtantiã">ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam</expan> ſic mutari profitemur, non quae materia quæ eſt <expan abbr="fundamentũ">fundamentum</expan> mutationis <expan abbr="cõuellatur">conuellatur</expan>, permanet <lb></lb>enim hoc perpetuò, ſed varias formas de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ accipiens, & ſigillatim varias po<lb></lb>teſtates admittens, & commutans habitudines ſingulares, & ex eo quae huius materia ſit, materia fiat <lb></lb>alterius. </s> <s>&, vt dici ſolet, tranſmutetur formaliter, materialiter verò remaneat immobilis: omnis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>determinatio formaliter naſcitur ab actu ſeu præſente in iis quæ iam ſunt, ſeu proximè futuro in <lb></lb>his quæ mutantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ea determinatio naturam materiæ complebit, & ex hoc poteſtas illa ſigna<lb></lb>ta, quam vocant: ſiquidem accidens & euentum eiuſmodi eſſe ſoleat, cuius.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3416"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3417"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3418"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3419"></margin.target>a 1. de Or.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3420"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Aduentu manet incolumis natura <expan abbr="abituq́">abituque</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quæ cum ſint; patet vnde huius materiæ, ſiue potentiæ natura petenda ſit, nimirùm ex coniunctio<lb></lb>ne formæ, in qua eſt oppoſitio vt ſuperioribus libris docuimus. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquando teſtatus eſt Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> accidentia eſſe differentias materiæ ſenſilis, aut dicendum Ariſt. </s> <s>ea quæ ſunt accidentia formæ & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3421"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="572"></pb><expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, accepiſſe, vt reſpiciunt materiam ſolam: proptereà quae ſint eius actus & perfectiones, qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3422"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tenus eſt poteſtas ad ſingula prędicamenta, aut eius <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> ſtatuiſſe, quatenus eſt ſenſilis, & me<lb></lb>thodo conſuluiſſe perſequentem ea quæ perſpicua ſunt, & cùm ſint adnexa certę formæ (fundan<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu ſubſtantia) per ea <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> formam nobis expreſsiſſe, vnde extat illa poteſtas ad oppoſitam, <lb></lb>& efficitur ſingularis. </s> <s>Eſt igitur ſignata poteſtas natura materiæ ſingularis, & in materia ſingulari <lb></lb>valet analogicè, quod in vniuerſali poteſtas vniuerſalis: eſt enim ratio exiſtentiæ, & ad prædica<lb></lb>mentum ſubſtantiæ pertiner.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3421"></margin.target>b 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3422"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur ea quibus probatur potestatem eſſentiam materię non eſſe. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VIDETVR in materia ſanè duplex eſſe notio, altera quae ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quae poteſtas, & no<lb></lb>tio ſubſtantiæ longè prior eſſe, quippe quae abſtrahi poſsit à notione poteſtatis, & poteſtas item <lb></lb>ſit neceſſariò ſubſtantia, vel accidens. </s> <s>Ad hoc dicimus <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> vniuersè ſumptam, & ipſam eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ad vnum: quare ſicut olim conſtituimus, pendet eius notio, & ratio ex notione, & ratione <lb></lb>partium actus .ſ. </s> <s>& poteſtatis. </s> <s>ergo natura poſterior, & ſolùm ratione prior. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> tantum abeſt, vt <lb></lb>poteſtas ſit <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> poſterior natura, vt multo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſit prior. </s> <s>Ergo, inquies, poterit eſſe aliquid ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3423"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia prius: certè hac <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> prius aliquid erit, ſed & illud <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>. </s> <s>& perfectione <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> actus, <lb></lb>origine verò poteſtas, ex quibus & <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> exiſtunt, & <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> illa <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> ad vnum. </s> <s>Nec ob id <lb></lb>à notione ſubſtantiæ poteſtas <expan abbr="ſegregat̃">ſegregatur</expan>, ſed à notione formali ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non <expan abbr="tollit̃">tollitur</expan>, <lb></lb>quin ſit ſubſtantia ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illa <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> obſtabunt, quominus ita ſentiamus, quae nullum determi<lb></lb>natum indeterminatę rei ſit natura: poteſtas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſignata materiæ ſit determinata; eius verò natura <lb></lb>indeterminata. </s> <s>Deinde quae vna ſit materia; multæ <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſignatæ poteſtates. </s> <s>Poſtremò quae poteſtas ſi<lb></lb>gnata afferat pręuias affectiones quæ ſunt accidentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> illa prima <expan abbr="cõponunt">componunt</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ſigna<lb></lb>tam cum materia prima: nil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vetat, vt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <expan abbr="habeat̃">habeatur</expan> ad <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, ſicut ſpecies <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> accidens generi: <lb></lb>nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> dicimus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> materię determinatę quę propter <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan> & vim facultatis, quę <lb></lb>nitens variis formis, ex <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> ſucceſsione diſtinguitur, & in numero differentia partitur, & ſucceſsiuè <lb></lb>diuerſis formis informatur. </s> <s>Poſtremùm verò libris ſuperioribus confutatum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oſtenſum prę<lb></lb>uias affectiones ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> eſſe referendas. </s> <s>Quibus poſitis ſiquis eam <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> tueri velit, ac<lb></lb>cidens oportet accipiat, quae extrinſecùs accedat ea determinatio, <expan abbr="nẽpè">nempè</expan> ab efficiente, vel forma, aut <expan abbr="eo-dẽ">eo<lb></lb>dem</expan> propè modo, quo ſpecies dicitur accidere generi, quandò & cogitari, & eſſe ſine ſpecie poteſt; <lb></lb>veruntamen tùm eſt affectio pręuia, cùm facta eſt propria ſubiecti, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> reipſa eſt natura. </s> <s>Sic igitur <lb></lb>erit materia <foreign lang="grc">δύναμις</foreign>, & poteſtas, vt ſubſtantia quapropter etiam poteſtas ab Ariſt. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3424"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3425"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="mortaliũ">mortalium</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> igitur <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> materia, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è non <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> exiſtere <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſiquandò nuncupetur materia <foreign lang="grc">δυναμει</foreign> .i. </s> <s>poteſtate: ſic eam vocari dicemus, quae reſpicitur com<lb></lb>poſitum, quod eſt terminus eius facultatis, nempè ſubſtantia, ſiquidem eſt poteſtate; & <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantia compoſita, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed per ſeipſa eſt poteſtas; nec tam eſſentia materiæ fuit expreſſa, quam mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3426"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dus, quo ipſam participat <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> quod eſt <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan> ſubiectum generationis; quia poteſtas illa <lb></lb>ſemper eſt in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, & compoſito <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>, quantum pertinet ad rem <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan>; licèt eſſentialiter ma<lb></lb>teriam reſpiciat; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliæ appendices & rationes per quas materia eſt in potentia, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſunt <lb></lb>in ea potentia quam conſtituimus <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>. </s> <s>ſiquidem modo ſupponatur <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, & quod ſimpliciter <lb></lb>in eſſentia concipitur; non ſolùm rationis cauſſa <expan abbr="limitat̃">limitatur</expan> in modo, ſed reipſa notione futuri <expan abbr="coërcet̃">coërcetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare, cùm ſit <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> proprium eſſe in potentia; rem ipſam intuens Ariſt. </s> <s>non materia naturam; <lb></lb>eam ſicuti eſt ſemper in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>; illo modo expreſsit, qui <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>. </s> <s>Veruntamen in ea quę <lb></lb>conſtituta ſunt hactenus à nobis hæc afferri poſſe videntur. </s> <s>Nam materies eſt potentia <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eademq.">eademque</expan> prior compoſito. </s> <s>Poteſt igitur abſtrahi, ſic remanet materies in prima notione ſecreta ab <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> habitudine. </s> <s>Præterea falſum quoque quae poteſtas intrinſecùs inhęreat in materia quoniam ſem<lb></lb>per ſibi ſupponit <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> formam, nec aliter in ipſa eſt indeterminatio; niſi quae dum habet hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3427"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eam amittere, & oppoſitam accipere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Inſuper relatio eſt inter duo ſaltem. </s> <s>Non igitur in vni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3428"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>co indiuiduo conſiſtit. </s> <s>At verò quod ad primum pertinet, dicimus relationem <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> eſſe in ma<lb></lb>teria <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed proximè ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, per formam verò ad <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>duplicem ſignatam .ſ. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>vniuerſalem. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de potentia vniuerſali, ea reſpicit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſimpliciter, qui ſa<lb></lb>ne ſimpliciter prior eſt, & cùm ſit hæc pars <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> ſimpliciter; neceſſariò <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, vt etiam materia <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> ſimpliciter, ſimpliciter prior non ſit. </s> <s>Quod ſi accipiatur materia certè <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, vt in hac <lb></lb>charta materies ignis. </s> <s>hæc certè vel vltima, vel adhuc per aliquot promouenda mutationes, quòd ſi <lb></lb>adhuc promouenda; iam eſt indeterminata, & natura poſterior actu ſimpliciter, ſi vltima, hęc idem <lb></lb>cum actu ipſo ſingulari. </s> <s>Atqui oppono ſic <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> erit materies origine prior. </s> <s>An quae materia ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, vt ſuprà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, non diſtinguitur à materia ſignata ſubiecto, ſed per certam <expan abbr="determinationẽ">determinationem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> materia ſimpliciter determinationi præcedat, ideò origine prior eſſe <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> hoc indiuiduo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod attinet ad ſecundum. </s> <s>Dicitur inhærere <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> materiæ intrinſecùs, quoniam illi ineſt vt <lb></lb>cur, licèt per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vt per quod; nam quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſt ipſa materies, forma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ratio per quam poteſt, <lb></lb>velut etiam per varios gradus priuatio, & <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> apparatus. </s> <s>Reſpondetur ad tertium. </s> <s>etſi reipſa com <pb pagenum="573"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3429"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſitum non diſtinguitur à materia, & forma <expan abbr="componẽtibus">componentibus</expan>, tamen ratione ſeparantur à <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>; <lb></lb>non inconuenit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> relationem <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> inter duo quæ ratione tantummodò ſeparentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ob<lb></lb>ſtat, ſi dixeris nullam fore vim rationis Ariſtrelicę contra <expan abbr="Parmenidẽ">Parmenidem</expan> & Meliſſum, quia ſic fieri poſ<lb></lb>ſet adhuc, vt ens vnum foret; nam ſic valet ea ratio contra illos, quia ponunt vnum ens ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& id quod ab illo <expan abbr="ſegregat̃">ſegregatur</expan>, non ens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita non ens, vt nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nullo modo apud ipſos <lb></lb>principij ratio conſeruatur. </s> <s>His ergo ſic conſtitutis ad obiecta reſpondeamus. </s> <s>Illud autem fuit pri<lb></lb>mum. Quoniam eſſentia illius vniuerſa reſpiciet aliud: accidens igitur. </s> <s>Sed hoc <expan abbr="tollit̃">tollitur</expan> adhibita di<lb></lb>ſtinctione <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quę ſeſe viciſsim reſpiciunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſſe accidens in ea valet quę habent extrinſecam <lb></lb><expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan>; at nos in cauſsis & principiis <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> habitudinem ponimus <expan abbr="intrinſecã">intrinſecam</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> perti<lb></lb>nentem. </s> <s>Cùm verò Græci concludunt, interire potentiam, remanere <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & hîc dico, ſi materia <lb></lb>fuerit <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>; non interire <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> <expan abbr="communẽ">communem</expan>; ſi interit eam corrumpi, quæ modus eſt, non na<lb></lb>tura: ſi verò fuerit materia ſingularis; hanc vnà cum poteſtate corrumpi. </s> <s>Conſimiliter ad id <expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan> eſſe actu <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, damus hoc illis in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> ſenſum, quia <expan abbr="ſignificet̃">ſignificetur</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> id quod eſt, & aduer<lb></lb>ſus poſitionem noſtram nulla abſurda conſequuntur, eo quòd cum actu illo <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ponimus; conſiſtit <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & poteſtatem, nec proptereà natura materiæ tollitur, aut id efficitur, quòd ex alia <lb></lb>materia fiat: ſequerentur hæc planè, ſi <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> ſic materiæ <expan abbr="tribueret̃">tribueretur</expan>, non vt eſſentia; ſed vt modus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3430"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> tribuitur compoſitis; hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm ſint in potentia; non ſunt, & ex alio producuntur: <lb></lb>potentia <expan abbr="corrũpi">corrumpi</expan> nequit, nec ex alio gigni, & ſi materia ſic eſſet in potentia, foret aliquid inſtitutum <lb></lb>ad id, vt eſſet materia: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illa ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="aliumq́">aliumque</expan>. </s> <s>actum à ſuo ipſius actu longè diuerſum <expan abbr="dirigit̃">dirigitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex quo fit, vt in obiectione contineatur fallacia ſecundùm <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> dictionis, dum vox qua eſſentia ſi<lb></lb>gnificatur, tranſumitur in modum quo res eſſe ponitur. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia poteſtas, vt eſſentia, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt mo<lb></lb>do; ſed vt modo eſt actu, & in <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> potentia corrumpitur, vt modus; illa reſtat quę eſt eſſentia. <lb></lb></s> <s>prætereà cùm <expan abbr="dr̃">differentia</expan>: Eſt actu materia; ergo per actum, ſequeretur id ſi eſſet actu materia, quoad eſſen<lb></lb>tiam, ſed eſt actu quoad modum; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non eſt actu, ſed per ſe ipſam, ſeu per potentiam quæ ſanè eſt <lb></lb>res, non modus. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> opponas, <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ex actu deriuari, fatear equidem <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan>, & partibus vni<lb></lb>uerſis <expan abbr="expletã">expletam</expan>; at nos hîc illa abſtinuimus, & eam tractauimus, quæ ſua ipſius materiæ propria eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3423"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3424"></margin.target>a 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3425"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3426"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 79.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3427"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3428"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3429"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3430"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm materia per ſe ſit; an pendeat in eo, quòd est, ex forma. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM viſum eſt poteſtatem eſſe eſſentiam materiæ tum indefinitæ & remotæ, tum <lb></lb>ſignatæ & proximæ; poteſtas verò ſic pendeat ex actu, vt ſine ipſo nec eſſe, nec intelligi queat. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3431"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea verò ſit <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> cum materia, & forma cum actu; <expan abbr="cõſequens">conſequens</expan> eſt, vt conſideremus, an eius eſſe <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ex <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="deriuet̃">deriuetur</expan>, an habeat ex ſe ipſa <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quæ ſine formæ auxilio conſiſtere queat, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <lb></lb>partem problematis viri doctiſsimi defenderint. </s> <s>Poterat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> apud illos auctoritas Ariſt. </s> <s>ſæpe teſtan<lb></lb>tis <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe, non ens, aut ens, quod eſſe poſſet, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ex ſe non eſſe actu. </s> <s>Et aſſerentis id per quod <lb></lb>res eſt, eſſe formam. </s> <s>Tum prætereà, ſi materia per ſe eſſet, non minus eſſet per ſe forma, quocirca <lb></lb>cùm ſit <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, quod ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> conſtat principiis: ergo tria eſſe diuerſa in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſuppoſito exi<lb></lb>ſtent. </s> <s>cùm tamen <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit eſſe <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſuppoſiti quod cum alio non conſiſtit. </s> <s>Quin etiam, ſi materia <lb></lb>non penderet in eo quòd eſt, ex forma; poſſet <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> eſſe ſine forma, ſic igitur id quod non eſt, actu <lb></lb>eſſet, idcirco ex forma exiſtit materia, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex ſe. </s> <s>Poſtremò Deus & materia in entium latitu<lb></lb>dine ſunt extrema. </s> <s>Cęterùm Deus ex alio nullo pendet in eo quae ſit: igitur materia pendet ex alio <lb></lb>in eo quòd ſit. </s> <s>Ex altera parte probatur materiam ſine formę auxilio per ſe exiſtere poſſe: ſiquidem <lb></lb>ita ſe habeat forma ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> prędicatum ad ſubiectum. </s> <s>Sed ſubiectum prius eſ<lb></lb>ſe videtur prędicato. </s> <s>Omne verò quod eſt prius, à poſteriore ſeparari poteſt. </s> <s>Et materies igitur for<lb></lb>ma prior eſt, & ab ea ſeparabilis, & per ſe eſt igitur. </s> <s>Prætereà tum res corrumpitur, cùm eſſe deſinit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si igitur materia per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſet; propter <expan abbr="variã">variam</expan> <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> ſucceſsionem infinitè variaret eſſe, & infini<lb></lb>tis mutationibus obnoxia redderetur. </s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> formis immutatis interiret. </s> <s>Eſto rurſus, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3432"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma noua producenda ſit, hæc certè cum vetere conſiſtere nequit: atqui ſi materia impetrauit, quae <lb></lb>eſſet, à forma; vetere igitur extincta; <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cum ipſa interire neceſſe erit, aut ergo noua ma<lb></lb>teria <expan abbr="gignet̃">gignetur</expan>, aut forma noua per ſe ſine materia ſubſiſtet. </s> <s>Quia verò poſſet quiſpiam ſic <expan abbr="reſpõdere">reſpondere</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, quòd ea materia quæ erat per antecedentem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; diſcedente illa, quòd eſſet à ſuc<lb></lb>cedente <expan abbr="conſecutã">conſecutam</expan> fuiſſe. </s> <s>tum quærere oportet; an ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, quæ ſub <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> for<lb></lb>ma exiſtit, an corrupta fuerit, ac ſi <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> fuerit ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>; ergo idem eſſe. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab vtra forma? <lb></lb></s> <s>neque ſanè ab antecedente, quae iam interierit, nec à conſequente, quòd hæc non erat, & tamen extitit <lb></lb>materia, ſi non <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> conſeruatur: interit ergo materia. </s> <s>Ex ſe igitur exiſtit. </s> <s>Inſuper prius eſt natu<lb></lb>ra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe, quàm accipere formas: necnon prius eſt <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> copulari cum materia, quàm exhi<lb></lb>bere illi quòd ſit. </s> <s>Igitur materiam per ſe eſſe oportet ante formam: quare non impetrabit à forma, <lb></lb>quòd ſit. </s> <s>In materia quoque poteſtas antecedit formæ, ſed poteſtas eſt alicuius rei quæ ſit ante for<lb></lb>mam: ergo id cuius eſt poteſtas, formæ præcedit. </s> <s>Forma igitur materiæ cuius eſt ea poteſtas, eſſe <lb></lb>non exhibet. </s> <s>Veruntamen mihi magis arridet, quòd materia ſit per formam. </s> <s>& id placuiſſe videtur <lb></lb>Auerroi, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui Ariſt. </s> <s>ſecutus, aſſerentem <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & formam eſſe ad aliquid: proptereà non poſſe al<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3433"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="574"></pb>teram ſine <expan abbr="cõpare">compare</expan> intelligi: pronunciauit difficile eſſe cognoſcere <expan abbr="quiditatẽ">quiditatem</expan> primorum <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3434"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nimirùm materiæ & formæ, intelligere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materiam ſine forma haud quaquam fieri poſſe. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>extrema diſplicent; media via tutior eſſe mihi videtur. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> do materiam ſine forma nec eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>cognoſci poſſe, ſic totam eſſentiam ex forma deducere: arbitror inconueniens, & totam ſanè dico <lb></lb>ex forma pendere, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen ex toto. </s> <s>etenim ex acceſsione materię aliquid <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> formæ, & <expan abbr="cõpo-ſito">compo<lb></lb>ſito</expan> ſuperuenire perſpicio: quandò ab hac extentio, diuiſio, & multitudo deriuetur, facultas ad <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe, & ad oppoſita, inexplebilis appetitus mutationis, ordo ad <expan abbr="præſtãtius">præſtantius</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eiuſmodi vinculum, <lb></lb>vt ſine ipſa forma non ſubſiſtat. </s> <s>Sed adhuc de exiſtentia <expan abbr="diſtinguendũ">diſtinguendum</expan> puto, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ea ſit vel actu, <lb></lb>quae nonmodò verum ſit eam pręſenti <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> notare, ſed eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="demõſtrabile">demonſtrabile</expan>, & hoc aliquid, vel <lb></lb>virtute ſolùm: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc, quòd ſolùm reſpiciat <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> præſens: verùm in ſuo principio duntaxat ani<lb></lb>maduertatur, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>rurſus eſt vel abſoluta, vt in ſeparatis, in quibus eſſe & eſſentia ſunt idem, vel ex <lb></lb>alio pendens. </s> <s>Dico igitur eſſe actu <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan>, ſeu materia ſeu <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ſit; eſſe ex forma; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> actu ſic <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, nihil eſt aliud reuera, atque eſſe <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>; verùm quòd ſit virtute, id eſſe materiæ <expan abbr="pro-priũ">pro<lb></lb>prium</expan>, quòd ſcilicet actu eſſe queat: attamen quòd ita ſit, pendere ex forma. </s> <s>nunquàm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à forma ſe<lb></lb>paratur, & poteſtas eſſe <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> non ſimpliciter, ſed ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan>, quale & reliqua. </s> <s>exiſtit ergo per <lb></lb>ſe materia virtute, ſed eſſe illius eſt dependens, cùm ſe habeat vt ſeruiens & <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, forma vt <lb></lb>imperans; non efficiat verò natura <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, niſi ſit quod illo vtatur: aliter eſſet fruſtra, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3435"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maximè abhorret à <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> tota pendet ex forma, ſeu <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> accipimus vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <lb></lb>quia nulla eſt pars eius in qua non ſit forma, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>adnexa habitudo ad <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan>, & poteſtas ad illam <lb></lb>ſiue totum, vt potentiëale quod aiunt, & conſiſtit certis potentiæ gradibus, quippe quae <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> eius gradus <lb></lb>ab infimo vſque ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> certo cuidam actui pro portione ſit deſtinatus. </s> <s>Quare dicam materiam <lb></lb>ſubſiſtere per ſe, quia .ſ. </s> <s>nullam habet cauſſam internam, propter quam ſubſiſtat; quinimmo ipſa ſit <lb></lb>cauſſa cęteris, quòd ſubſiſtant, ſed <expan abbr="externã">externam</expan> cauſſam tantùm quę vim habet finis, vt ſępius teſtatus eſt <lb></lb>ipſemet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ & ſi reapſe non conſtituit ipſam, vt pars exiſtentiæ; tamen ab illius <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diuer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3436"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi non poteſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idq́">Idque</expan>. </s> <s>apertius expreſſum eſt ab Auerroë, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm docet <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe ens & in ſeipſa, & in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3437"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſui natura propter <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: ac ſi forma non eſſet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fore <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: intelligere <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe quod conuenit <lb></lb>inſtrumento, & ei quod eſt alterius gratia, vt ſic non adimatur illi <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> eſſe ſimpliciter, vt eſſe <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan>; <lb></lb>ſed eſſe <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> deficiente fine ambiguè foret <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pugnant hæc in eo quod <lb></lb>eſt alterius gratia non eſſe id cuius eſt gratia, & eſſe id quod eſt gratia illius, ſed ſolùm efficitur, vt ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan> & ambiguum, & ſicut id quod eſt fruſtra; nihilominus eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ſic ſi non ſit forma, & <lb></lb>materia ob eam cauſſam ſit fruſtra; non idcirco non erit ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Verùm hoc differunt inſtru<lb></lb>menta noſtrę mentis ab inſtrumentis naturæ, quae illa fruſtra eſſe poſſunt; non ſic ea quæ natura mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3438"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litur, quòd actiones artis, & ſi certæ ſunt merito formæ: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facit artifex ſemper, affert certam <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: at cauſſa efficientis ſunt incertæ: quandò artifex eſt agens <expan abbr="liberũ">liberum</expan>, ſed naturæ opera certa <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>tum cauſſa formæ, tum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> cauſſa efficientię. </s> <s>Cùm etiam artifex operibus naturæ vtatur; ea prius eſ<lb></lb>ſentia propria pollent, & propria munera exequuntur; cùm alioquin ipſi naturæ <expan abbr="ſupponat̃">ſupponatur</expan> aliquid, <lb></lb>quod cùm ſit poteſtas, eius officium <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ſine forma poſſet extare. </s> <s>Tamen ad id valet exemplum <lb></lb>vt videamus aliquid ex ſeipſo exiſtere, quod nihilominus ex alio ſua vi <expan abbr="pẽdeat">pendeat</expan>, tanquam principio <lb></lb>externo, quod & ſi pars rei non eſt, attamen eſt pars rationis. </s> <s>Neque verò tibi <expan abbr="ſuſpectũ">ſuſpectum</expan> ſit, ſi forma <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõplet">complet</expan> notionem materiæ <expan abbr="formalẽ">formalem</expan>, ne fortè etiam ſit cauſſa conſtituens interna. </s> <s>Non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſe eſt <lb></lb>notionem <expan abbr="formalẽ">formalem</expan> ex principiis <expan abbr="cõſtituentibus">conſtituentibus</expan> intrinſecùs eſſe conflatam, vt patet in ipſa priuatio<lb></lb>ne, & in definitione illarum <expan abbr="affectionũ">affectionum</expan> quas externas appellamus: accipiunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> externum in quid eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita de materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>dicemus. </s> <s>Quapropter ad <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> argumenta, qui probare conantur materiam <lb></lb>eſſe ſimpliciter ex forma: ſic reſpondemus. </s> <s>Ad primum. </s> <s>quia materia dicatur non ens. </s> <s>Nam deno<lb></lb>minatio <expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan> ab actu, vt fine & manifeſtiore. </s> <s>Dicitur ergo materia non ens, non ſimpliciter, ſed <lb></lb>actu non ens; eſt verò poteſtas, & hoc modo finibus entis concluditur. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicimus quòd in ſe <lb></lb>habeat, ſi obſeruetur, quòd actu exiſtat, vt anteà diximus, vnde quoque denominatio ſumi queat. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3439"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Secundùm <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diluitur, ſiquidem forma ſit, non id per quod materia ſubſiſtit, ſed compoſitum; <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt cauſſa <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> eſſe ſimpliciter, niſi hîc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> actu exiſtere accipiatur more conſueto; cùm res <lb></lb>eſt actu per formam. </s> <s>Tollitur item tertium, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi tria ſunt quibus eſſe <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> diuerſis modis: <lb></lb>atqui non tria ſunt quæ ſubſiſtunt, ſed <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſubſiſtit propriè, quod eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>; materia ſubſiſtit, ſed <lb></lb>vt cauſſa, forma ſubſiſtit per materiam: quocirca tria ſunt, quæ ſubſiſtunt, ſed vnum verè & perfe<lb></lb>ctè: cętera ſubſiſtunt modo quodam imperfecto. </s> <s>Nunc ea, quæ perfectè ſubſiſtunt, plura ſimul eſ<lb></lb>ſe nequeunt: ſi imperfecta fuerint; fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, immo ſic fiat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Nolim verò te conturbati, <lb></lb>quòd audias <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> imperfectè ſubſiſtere; quippequòd ab ipſa perfectionis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ducatur: nam ſuapte <lb></lb>vi præſtantior eſt eſſentia <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> exiſtentia ſenſili, ita vt non ad <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> ſimpliciter <expan abbr="ſocietatẽ">ſocietatem</expan> materię <lb></lb>flagitet, ſed propter neceſsitatem: proinde ex participatione materiæ maculatur eſſentia: quoad igi<lb></lb>tur eſſentia, eſt <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> exiſtentia perfectior; verùm quòd ſit hoc aliquid, & verè exiſtat, in ſuo genere <lb></lb>perfectius eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> continens in ſeipſo cauſſas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, vnde perfectio proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Ad quartum <lb></lb>verò ſatis eſſe, ſi pendeat materia ex forma, tanquam ex fine ad id, vt nunquam ſit ſine forma: pro<lb></lb>ptereaquòd fruſtra foret, & affecta eſſet præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: illud non <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, quòd pendeat ab ipſa <pb pagenum="575"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3440"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſed adhuc poſſet, quantum eſt ex ſe, & ex interna ratione, ſubſiſtere; ſicuti dolabra, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſi nullus eſſet dolator; ea tamen importuna eſſet. </s> <s>Sed quod natura ipſa non præſtat actu <expan abbr="ſeparãdo">ſeparando</expan>, <lb></lb>verùm ordine tantùm, mens tua veluti ſeparatam comprehendat, ſic tamen vt in alterius relati<lb></lb>ui comprehenſione fieri <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> docuimus. </s> <s>In quinto monemus non aliud ex illa oppoſitione <lb></lb>Dei <expan abbr="materiæq́">materiæque</expan>. </s> <s>inferri, ac quae ex alio materia pendeat. </s> <s>ſiue vt in genere finis, ſiue vt ex forma; nihil aſ<lb></lb>ſeri neceſſariò poteſt, & ſi opus fuerit; ſolùm de eo quod eſt eſſe actu, concedemus, tametſi tunc eſt <lb></lb>magis propriè compoſitum. </s> <s>Percurramus nunc eorum <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan>, qui ſtudebant probare materiam, vt ſit, <lb></lb>ſine forma obtinuiſſe: quibus illud generatim dabimus, ſi <expan abbr="loquant̃">loquantur</expan> de eo quod virtute exiſtere nun<lb></lb>cupamus, & modo & quem nuper expreſsimus, ea verè concludi, falsò verò, ſi aut de eo quod eſt <lb></lb>eſſe actu diſſerant, aut <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> pendentiam à forma denegent materię. </s> <s>Quapropter ad primum, quod <lb></lb>eſt virtute <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>; materia prior eſt forma. </s> <s>Sed prius à poſteriore ſeparatur. </s> <s>Etenim materia prior <lb></lb>eſt, ſi id reſpexeris, quod eſt exiſtere virtute: nam ſi forma exiſtit per materiam. </s> <s>Verùm quod actu <lb></lb>ſit, eſt verò tum <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, à forma impetrauit. </s> <s>Deinde prius à poſteriore ſeparari dicimus ea con<lb></lb>ditione, qua prius eſt, non <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis. </s> <s>Sic cùm materia bifariam ſumi queat. </s> <s>vel vt indiuiduo vel <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, vt in indiuiduo <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> formæ præcedere probamus; ita eam ſimpliciter antecedere no<lb></lb>lumus: ex hac <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia fit hęc forma; veruntamen ex ea non fieret, niſi alia forma antecederet, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3441"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum materia conſtituatur ex poteſtate, ſicut poteſtas ſine actu <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>; etenim gratia actus, <lb></lb>& ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> ab actu promouetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in actu exiſtit; actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt forma; ſic materia nunquam poteſt <lb></lb>exiſtere; niſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> reſpectu formæ; nihilominus ex ſeipſa exiſtit intrinſecùs. </s> <s>Si verò meminiſti, quod <lb></lb>anteà ſignificauimus, materiam ſignatam cum formis immutari; nihil erit, quòd te cruciet ſecunda <lb></lb>obiectio: non tamen idcirco <expan abbr="tollit̃">tollitur</expan>, quin materia ex ſe ipſa habeat, quae virtute ſubſiſtar. </s> <s>Idem propemo<lb></lb>dum <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan> exiſtit in tertia <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, quòd non <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſeruetur ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> materies in genito, quæ fuit in <lb></lb>corrupto, & quòd ex noua determinatione variatur. </s> <s>Cęterùm quia remanet ſubiectum, quòd inde<lb></lb>finitè ſe habet ad hanc, & <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & ipſum ſubſequitur ratio per quam ex ſeipſo virtute exiſtit, <lb></lb>hinc <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt ex ſeipſa materia ſubſiſtat, & vnà pendeat ex forma. </s> <s>Prius verò materia formas ac<lb></lb>cipit quæ ſingularis eſt; quam non negamus eſſe <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> hac forma determinata; priorem tamen eſ<lb></lb>ſe forma ſimpliciter non concedimus, & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan>, quæ hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſuſceptura eſt. </s> <s>cum alia dicimus exiſte<lb></lb>re; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen fatemur <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> illi exhibere quòd ſit alio modo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actu. </s> <s>Conſimiliter ad illud reſpon<lb></lb>deo, poteſtate actui præcedere: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> poteſtas ex eo genere ſingularis: verùm nunquam ab<lb></lb>ſoluitur ab actu ſimpliciter, vt ſupra <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt: licet ex ſeipſa virtute ſubſiſtat. </s> <s>Ita igitur materiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõcludemus">concludemus</expan> ex ſeipſa ſubſiſtere, veruntamen ex forma perpetuò pendêre. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex iis, quæ dicta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3442"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, adhuc maior ſcrupulus exiſtit, qui nos angere, nec iniuria poſsit. </s> <s>Etenim acceptum eſt prius à <lb></lb>poſteriore ſeparari, ac poſitum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> materia ſimpliciter: igitur à materia ſeparabitur; <lb></lb>id verò abſurdum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>reputatur. </s> <s>An ad hoc ita reſpondebimus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abſtrahi formam à materia <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſed eo modo, quo prior eſt, vtputa, vel vt actus ſimpliciter, vnde actus hic in hac mate<lb></lb>ria exiſtit, ſiue tanquam finis in efficiente; ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rationem efficientis obtinuit, quòd habet actu hanc <lb></lb>formam: tamen ea forma, vt in patre, <expan abbr="cõſideratur">conſideratur</expan> in materia, & illa poſterior eſt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ex eius neceſsi<lb></lb>tate exiſtat, & illius tanquam rei perficiendæ ſit perfectio. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi ipſius eſſe reſpicias; ſemper conti<lb></lb>net materiam; ſi verò ſpectes operari; ſic ab ea ſeuocatur, cuius notio cùm ſit tunc vniuerſalis, dici <lb></lb>iure <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe abſtractum quid à materia & eſt primę philoſophię. </s> <s>Rurſus cùm moueat, vt finis; ipſe <lb></lb>verò mouendo maneat immobilis; nec quicquam materiæ ſecedat ab efficiente, ſed forma ſola quę <lb></lb>materiæ imponitur ab efficiente: ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> forma naturalis abſtrahi dicetur à materia, quæ tamen eſt <lb></lb>in materia, in eo cuius eſt forma. </s> <s>Poſſumus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicere formam naturalem ſimpliciter non abſtrahi à <lb></lb>materia; quia ſi non cogitatur cum hac vel illa materia ſenſili; at non repudiat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> intelligen<lb></lb>dam, quæ ſcilicet facta eſt vniuerſalis, & pars eius eſt: ex primi autem ſolet nomine generis in ipſa <lb></lb>definitione, quemadmodum te docuit Ariſtoteles 7 primæ philoſophiæ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed hęc abundè expoſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3443"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ta ſunt lib. 1. vt nunc longioris ſermonis non indigeant. </s> <s>Quapropter ad alia properabo.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3444"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3431"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3432"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3433"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 26 <lb></lb><lb></lb>3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3434"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3435"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3436"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3437"></margin.target>b 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3438"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3439"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3440"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3441"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3442"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3443"></margin.target>a T. 35.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3444"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum materia ſe habeat ad formam, & quæ ſit eius definiendę ratio. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HIS ita conſtitutis non erit fortaſſe difficile explicare, quemadmodum forma conſiſtat in ma<lb></lb>teria, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quæ ſit eius definiendæ ratio quę ab Alexandro non ſemel, ab Auerroë 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>intacta ſanè, ſed <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> completa, & ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> perducta. </s> <s>Nam potuit aliquandò videri forma eſſe, <lb></lb>vt accidens in ſubiecto: definitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ipſum: proinde refertur ad ſecundùm modum ipſius per <lb></lb>ſe, quo ea continentur quæ illud aſſumunt in ſui rationem de quo prędicantur. </s> <s>Ex altera parte, <lb></lb>Cùm accidens adſit, & abſit <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> interitu & penicie illius in quo ineſt, forma verò non abſit ſine <lb></lb>interitu compoſiti; profectò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt accidens ineſſe poteſt. </s> <s>Neceſſe eſt igitur ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, vt ex <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>ordine, quæ ſunt ad aliquid, forma referatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Hucuſq.">Hucuſque</expan> Alexander. </s> <s>Vlterius proceſsit Auerroës: ſi<lb></lb>quidem eo recepto, vt debuit, quòd forma eſſet ad aliquid, expoſuit nobis <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> & formulam eiuſ<lb></lb>modi relationis, inquiens <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſic ſe habere ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quia promoueat ipſam ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>; contrà ma<lb></lb>teriam eſſe <expan abbr="vehiculũ">vehiculum</expan> formæ, quamobrem & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſentiæ partibus excluſit. </s> <s>Sed & nos anteà quoquo <pb pagenum="576"></pb>modo præiudicium de rationibus Alexandri fecimus, &, vt anteà diximus, <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> præcisè de hac <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3445"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>relatione decreuit Auerroës; multa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mea quidem ſententia, non ſine cauſſa deſiderantur. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> nobis eſſe videtur, vt quicquid in ſecundo modo <expan abbr="prædicat̃">prædicatur</expan>, id ſit protinus accidens: <lb></lb>quandò quicquid cauſſæ tribuitur, quatenus illi tribuitur; &, ex ipſa eſt vt ſubiecto, & per ipſam <lb></lb>definitur analyticè; ſi illa conſtant quæ nos olim ſtatuimus: non neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> omne id quod <expan abbr="tri-buit̃">tri<lb></lb>buitur</expan> vt cauſſæ, ſit accidens, vt cùm finis <expan abbr="tribuit̃">tribuitur</expan> efficienti, vnde exiſtit; veluti ambulauit, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> valet. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud generatim <expan abbr="concedendũ">concedendum</expan> quicquid adeſt, & abeſt citra ſubiecti perniciem eſſe accidens, vt <lb></lb>de actu ſecundo nos olim conſtituimus. </s> <s>prætereà <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quidem Alexandri tum valeret ſi forma cum <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, cuius eſt pars, conferretur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea ſublata <expan abbr="tollit̃">tollitur</expan> vnà <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, ſed non'ne materia re<lb></lb>ſtat? </s> <s>& in hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliud de materia ſimpliciter, & de proxima <expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan>; proptereaquòd deſtructa <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="deſtruit̃">deſtruitur</expan> etiam materia proxima, cùm hæc <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> vnà conſiſtant. </s> <s>Proinde forma ad materiam <lb></lb>proximam erit ſubſtantia, non ad remotam. </s> <s>Aut igitur ita reſtringenda erit ſententia <expan abbr="philoſopho-rũ">philoſopho<lb></lb>rum</expan> pronunciantium. </s> <s>Accidens eſt quod adeſt, & abeſt præter ſubiecti <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> ad <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, non ad <lb></lb>ſubiectum ſimpliciter, aut quod olim nos approbauimus, & ad id vt accidens ſit, hanc conditionem <lb></lb>præterea flagitabimus, vt accipiat à ſubiecto <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, non afferat. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> finis acci<lb></lb>dere dicetur efficienti, neque contrà efficiens fini; licèt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> tribui poſsint, vt ſubiecto & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3446"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſæ; quandoquidem <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> in ſuo genere in ſe <expan abbr="mutuã">mutuam</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> conferunt, hoc excitans & iu<lb></lb>dicans <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, illud ad actum deducens. </s> <s>Sed & hæc quæ nuper expoſuimus, & quæ ſuperiore capite <lb></lb>narrauimus; facilè nos perſuadere poterunt <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſimpliciter ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> non eſſe vt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>præter id quòd principia ſubſtantię non poſſunt eſſe accidentia; liquet item forma ſublata <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb>tolli <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> eius officio ceſſante. </s> <s>Verùm cum forma non exiſtat ſine materia, placet illud formam & <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> inter ſe reſpicere, quod ſanè & Alexander & Auerroës decreuere. </s> <s>Tamen illud ego quę<lb></lb>rebam. </s> <s>Cùm ſatis conſtaret formam & <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eſſe perfectionem poteſtatis & materiæ, quę ſit ea ſpe<lb></lb>cies relationis, & quanuis perfectio ſit rei cuiuſpiam perficiendæ, nihilominus percunctari liceret, <lb></lb>quemadmodum perfectio conſiſtat in eo cuius eſt: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectio non ſit vniuſmodi, ſpeciatim <lb></lb>veſtigare conditionem eius perfectionis quam formę concedimus. </s> <s>Mihi verò ſpectanti vim formę, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo ipſam nobis expoſuit Ariſt. </s> <s>ſuccurrit <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe finem. </s> <s>Porrò finis eſt duplex, externus, <lb></lb>& qui ſolet appellari cui, qui vel <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> iungitur cum materia, vel ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> per intentionem, vel eſt <lb></lb>rei genitæ, vt functio, vel eſt eiuſmodi, vt ex ipſo, & eo cuius eſt finis, vnum per ſe fiat. </s> <s>ex hoc gene<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> poteſtas & actus, & <expan abbr="cõſimiliter">conſimiliter</expan> materia & forma. </s> <s>Rurſus forma finis eſt dupliciter, vel ipſius <lb></lb>materiæ, vel motus, vt finis generationis; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> formæ præſentia materia perficitur, & ceſſat mo<lb></lb>tus. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> œconomia rerum quæ <expan abbr="cõmemoratur">commemoratur</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> me perſuadet <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> generatim ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3447"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3448"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actu pendêre; quapropter & perficienda erunt, ex ordine poteſtatis: actus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & poteſtas inter ſe re<lb></lb>ſpiciunt. </s> <s>Verùm quod attinet ad rem noſtram, forma eſt, vt finis cum materiæ, tum generationis, & <lb></lb>materiæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vt cuius; generationis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> per quod; quippe quae per generationem materia quæ po<lb></lb>teſtas eſt, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionemq́">perfectionemque</expan>. </s> <s>conſequatur, ſed ſi meminimus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ de forma, & præuiis affe<lb></lb>ctionibus & <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> affinibus anteà diſputata ſunt; cùm forma conſtet ex genitis, tanquam formę par<lb></lb>tibus; genita verò ſunt gradus poteſtatis in materia; dicendum erit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non aliter eſſe perfectio<lb></lb>nem materiæ quàm totum, quae ſicut in toto partes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, quæ per ſe ipſas diſperſæ ſunt, <foreign lang="grc">ἐνοειδῶς</foreign>, ideſt <lb></lb>ſub vna notione, & intentione continentur (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> melius verbum mihi ſuccurrit, quod hanc <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan> oculis ſuggerat) ſic materiæ partes in forma. </s> <s>& cum materia <expan abbr="contineat̃">contineatur</expan> in forma per eos <lb></lb>gradus, ac generatio ſit forma fluens, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>fluxus eius; forma verò fluens ſit materiæ gradus, & <lb></lb>poteſtatis; aſſeuerabo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe finem generationis & motus, quatenus eſt forma fluens non <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fluxus illius; fluxui <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> aſsignabo quietem, quæ tametſi non differt à forma; at rationem <expan abbr="quan-dã">quan<lb></lb>dam</expan> ab eius ratione <expan abbr="differentẽ">differentem</expan> præſegerit, quatenus in progreſſu materiæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> promotio poteſtatis, ſed <lb></lb>extentio cum ſucceſsione ſpectatur, cuius extentionis eſt terminus quies: nihilominus <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo <lb></lb>ſe quies habet ad illum fluxum, quo forma ad materiam, & ad ſeipſam fluentem. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3449"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfectio eſt vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quod ſic ſe habet ad partes <expan abbr="cõſimiles">conſimiles</expan>, vt ſint eo priores origi<lb></lb>ne, ſed natura & perfectione poſteriores. </s> <s>Sed prætereà cùm <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> hoc ſit terminus: continet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ſe<lb></lb>dat progreſſum vel extentionis, vel intentionis. </s> <s>eo planè modo <expan abbr="referet̃">referetur</expan> ad aliquid, vt terminus: atqui <lb></lb>terminus ad illud cuius eſt, eſt vt rei terminandæ, ſic igitur & forma erit materiæ terminus, & motus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>in materia, non vt in ſubiecto, ſed vt totum in partibus <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>eadem forma ſit actus; ab <lb></lb>actu verò nominatio petatur; hinc efficitur, vt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma dicatur de materia, vt ſubiecto. </s> <s>quod ta<lb></lb>men ita euenire puto, quia nomen compoſiti primò ſignificat formam, quod <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> materia di<lb></lb>citur eſſe potentia. </s> <s>Verbig. </s> <s>lignum potentia lectus, & <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> potentia ſtatua. </s> <s>Proin tres habitudines <lb></lb>exiſtunt formæ ad materiam. </s> <s>Nunc ad eius definiendæ rationem veniamus. </s> <s>Hoc loco tantiſper <lb></lb>digredi conſtitui, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> explicem aliqua de relatiuorum natura, quibus afferatur lux iis quæ ſuprà de <lb></lb>variis partibus habitudinis expoſitum fuit, tum item quae ad <expan abbr="multorũ">multorum</expan> <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> faciunt quæ in phy<lb></lb>ſicis tractari ſolent. </s> <s>Rerum ergo aliæ ſunt quarum eſſentia <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan> illo ſuppoſito cuius eſt, vt al<lb></lb>bum & bicubitum, ita vt cęteris cogitatione circumſcriptis, & res exiſtere & cogitatione <expan abbr="cõprehen-di">comprehen<lb></lb>di</expan> valeat, his eſſe ſimpliciter Græcia tribuit; nos dicimus abſolutas. </s> <s>Aliæ rurſus quarum eſſentia ſua <pb pagenum="577"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3450"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſorum ſimplici notione contenta non eſt, fortè etiam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſuo ſuppoſito, ſed abſoluitur externo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc planè conditio rerum eſt, vt eius euenti alia nulla cauſſa reddi queat. </s> <s>Earum quarum eſſentia <lb></lb>abſoluitur externo, ratio duplex eſt, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pendent vt ex priore, aut vnà cum compare exiſtunt. </s> <s>Nec<lb></lb>non aut ſpectatur earum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> & materies, aut ratio formalis eorum quæ ſunt ad aliquid, vt eſ<lb></lb>ſe Socratem qui filius eſt, & Sophroniſcum qui eſt pater, & ratio patris & filij ſeorſum concipitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnà exiſtunt <expan abbr="duplũ">duplum</expan> & dimidium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> horum eſt reciprocatio, vt ſi vnum eſt, & alterum, & ſunt na<lb></lb>tura ſimul, & <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, quæ ſunt priora natura, ſi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſpectes, profectò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reciprocantur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>à priori conuertitur exiſtendi conſequentia, ſed ſi formaliter ipſam <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> conſideres, & in his eſt reci<lb></lb>procatio; ſiquidem etſi Sophroniſcus eſt antiquior Socrate, at ratio patris cum filij ratione ſimul <lb></lb>exoritur. </s> <s>& Deus <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> primus eſt; verùm ſi Deum aduertas quoad eſt cauſſa; infert id perpetuò <lb></lb>quod eſt ex cauſſa. </s> <s>Veruntamen cùm hîc mentis <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> requiratur, per ſe enim Deus eſt, & ſine il<lb></lb>lis conſiſtit, quæ nos relata concipimus; ea certè relatio <expan abbr="naſcet̃">naſcetur</expan> ex mente. </s> <s>Etiam illa relatio <expan abbr="naſcet̃">naſcetur</expan> <lb></lb>ex mente qua album cum ſe ipſo <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, per ſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> album vnum eſt, quod tamen mens ipſa mul<lb></lb>tiplicat. </s> <s>Relatio rurſus ſuapte natura vel ex altero pendet quod numero diſtinguatur, vel manet in <lb></lb>eodem ſuppoſito: cauſſæ profectò rei internę non tranſiliunt id in quo ſunt. </s> <s>Quæ terminantur ex<lb></lb>terno rurſus aut natura ſimul exiſtunt, aut vnum ex his natura prius eſt, vt cauſſa, quæ ſunt natura <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3451"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimul, ea reciprocantur, & ex ſe inuicem exiſtendo, & intelligendo neceſſariò pendent: vbi ordo in<lb></lb>tercedit, nec adeſt reciprocatio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alter terminus relationis cum primo reapſe, verùm per <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>ſolam coniungitur; illam quæ ſuapte vi terminatur externo quod ſimul exiſtat natura, dicimus eſ<lb></lb>ſe accidens, quæ non requirit <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> numero differens, aut quod prius natura ſit, eſſentialis à no<lb></lb>bis anteà cum Proclo nuncupata eſt. </s> <s>Sic relatio inter accidens & ſubiectum non eſt accidens, nec <lb></lb>inter res à Deo pendentes, & Deum. </s> <s>Eorum quæ reciprocantur erit perfecta relatio, quorum reci<lb></lb>proca non eſt, ea metaphoricè relatio nuncupabitur. </s> <s>At verò quæ ſunt ad aliquid, aliquo ſemper in<lb></lb>nituntur quod exiſtat ſimpliciter, itaque ſemper ſuperueniunt, & ideò poſteriora ponuntur <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <lb></lb>prædicamentis. </s> <s>Atqui non vniuſmodi eſt quod illis ſupponitur abſolutum, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ſit vel ratione <lb></lb><expan abbr="tãtummodò">tantummodò</expan> prius, vt habitus priuatione, vel ad nos, vt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> in quo vis materię <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>per<lb></lb>ſpicitur, vel vbi relatio fuerit externa ſubſtantia: nanque ita eſt accidens, & actu ſubiecto fundatur <lb></lb>quod eſt neceſſariò ſubſtantia, & ſimul vel quantum, vel quale; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc proxima fundamenta <lb></lb>relationis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem ingeminata vel re, vel ratione, vt dictum eſt: his ea fundantur quæ inter <lb></lb>ſe repręſentant & ponunt, & termini dici ſolent, quibus eorum quę ſunt ad aliquid, ratio <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>, <lb></lb>& vbi ſint <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> termini natura ſimul, ad ſe <expan abbr="inuicẽ">inuicem</expan> referuntur, & oratione <expan abbr="cõuerſa">conuerſa</expan> explicantur ſer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3452"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uus domini, ſerui dominus, alioùe caſu, quae ſi natura præcedat id ad quod refertur poſterius; hoc <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe illius, illud <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> non huius, ſed cuius hoc eſt. </s> <s>In hac mutua repręſentatione poſita eſt habitu<lb></lb>do quæ eſt eius prædicamenti forma, quæ ſanè cum in pluribus ſubiecto differentibus conſiſtat, eſt <lb></lb>accidens, & prędicamentum conſtituit: quæ aliter ſe habent, re vera non continentur ſub ipſo, ſed <lb></lb>ad ipſum per figuram dictionis referuntur. </s> <s>Ex hoc ordine ſunt materia & forma. </s> <s>In his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt in<lb></lb>terna relatio, & in hoc genere collocantur propter figuram dictionis. </s> <s>Vt igitur illa imitantur quæ ve<lb></lb>rè ſunt ex hoc genere, ſic etiam definitioni ſubiicientur: proptereaquòd in his, tametſi natura & ori<lb></lb>gine ſunt ſimul, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſe habent, vt alterum ſine altero nec exiſtat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cadat in mentem; tamen <lb></lb>fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt mens in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> primò contendat; hoc veluti ſubiectum facit in enunciatione, & hoc de<lb></lb>finitioni eſt obnoxium: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe habet in hoc munere, vt per ſe ſubſiſtens, cui quippiam <expan abbr="tribuẽdum">tribuendum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, vt cùm pater filio ſuccenſens inquit, ſentiet me pro illo leni, ac indulgente patre <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan> <lb></lb>& inclementem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm & ea ſint in primo modo, quę accipiunt prędicatum in ſui definitione, <lb></lb>& illa contrà in ſecundo, quæ per ſubiectum definiuntur, & <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſubiecta eſſe queant, & in ſubie<lb></lb>cti definitione ſumi; conſtat hæc cauſſa diuerſarum rationum in vtrunque modum poſſe referri. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud arbitror eſſe neceſſarium, vt quæ in ſecundo modo, ſint accidentia: fateor ſanè <expan abbr="pleraq.">pleraque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3453"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe accidentia, ſed non idcirco relatiua excluduntur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per aliud ſecundus modus definitur, àc <lb></lb>quòd ſubiectum in prędicati definitione capiatur, quod prędicatum etſi etiam inhęret ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& obliquè de ſubiecto <expan abbr="dr̃">differentia</expan>, aut per orationem explicatur; nil obſtat planè modis hiſce <expan abbr="dicẽdi">dicendi</expan> per ſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec eſt illa cognitio circularis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eiuſdem per idem, vel quòd in vtriuſque notione repręſentetur <lb></lb>alterum, quaſi vna ſit <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehenſio">comprehenſio</expan>, vt oppoſitio eſſe ſolet, vel potius, quia tametſi inter pa<lb></lb>trem & <expan abbr="filiũ">filium</expan> vna intercedit habitudo; ea quidem eſt vna ſubiecto, ſed ratione ſeparata, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia eſt <lb></lb>ratio patris ad filium, & viciſsim filij ad patrem; quapropter idem ex eo regreſſu non <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> cogno<lb></lb>ſcitur, ſed planè aliud. </s> <s>Hæc igitur omnia in definitionem materiæ & formæ accommodanda ſunt; <lb></lb>quibus & ſpeciatim <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> relatio cognoſci poſsit, & à phyſico ſubiici definitioni.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3445"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3446"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3447"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3448"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3449"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3450"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3451"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3452"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3453"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm aliquid formę generationi pręcedat in materia, an ſola ipſa materia <lb></lb>ſufficiat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DEFINIVIT generationem Ariſt. </s> <s>inquiens, Eam eſſe mutationem totius in totum, nullo ſen<lb></lb>ſili ſuperſtite, vt ſubiecto eodem. </s> <s>Verùm ex hac ipſa definitione maximę difficultates erum <pb pagenum="578"></pb>punt quæ per vniuerſam philoſophiam pertineant, & nos ſæpenumero conturbent: nam ſumitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3454"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inde occaſio diſſerendi, quemadmodum in generatione totum abeat in totum, quod ſanè nil aliud <lb></lb>ſibi vult, àc quærere id. </s> <s>Vtrùm in generatione ipſa fiat reſolutio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad materiam primam, nec'ne: <lb></lb>& quoniam indiuidua quæ <expan abbr="generant̃">generantur</expan> & corrumpuntur, non modò ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm accidentia tranſmutantur; quod ad ſubſtantiæ mutationem ſpectat, quęritur primùm, <lb></lb>vtrùm formæ indiuiduorum quæ <expan abbr="corrũpuntur">corrumpuntur</expan>, ita mutentur, vt nihil antiquæ formæ in <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> ma<lb></lb>teria reſtet, an aliquid veteris adhuc <expan abbr="adueniẽte">adueniente</expan> noua ſuperſit. </s> <s>Deinde vtrùm mutatio fiat ſecundùm <lb></lb>vniuerſa accidentia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt accidentium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nullum quod anteà fuerit in corrupto; in ge<lb></lb>nito itidem ſit ſuperſtes, an potius aliquid adhuc reſideat in materia. </s> <s>Cùm verò ſigillatim de <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <lb></lb>his Peripatetici ad hunc <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> diſſerant; nos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſingula ſeorſum perquiremus. </s> <s>Cęterùm quòd acci<lb></lb>dentia <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> conſequuntur, nos antè alia diſputabimus, ſuperſit'ne in genito aliqua forma quę ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam abſoluat. </s> <s>At verò quoniam id quod in ipſa generatione reſtat, aut ex neceſsitate materiæ <lb></lb>tale eſt, quia .ſ. </s> <s>talem mutationem conſequatur, aut illi non repugnat, aut etiam eſt quemadmodum <lb></lb>affectio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> nouam accipiendam, veluti de corpore organico teſtantur ad <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> aſſu<lb></lb>mendum; ſic nos hanc <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> in duo capita partiemur, quorum primo proponetur illud, an quip<lb></lb>piam nouæ formæ præcedat in materia per quod ipſa ad nouam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> accipiendam idonea redda<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3455"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, quæ ſanè quæſtio continet illud, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ex materia & forma fiat vnum per ſe: illius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>primæ quæſtionis explicatus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> monſtrabit viam ad <expan abbr="decernendũ">decernendum</expan> de ſecunda. </s> <s>Legimus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mul<lb></lb>tos in eiuſmodi veniſſe ſententiam, qui aut perpetuò, aut pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> nouæ formæ exiſtimarint aliquid <lb></lb>ipſius in materia reſidere, aut <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> huiuſmodi quod ad formæ inductionem, & <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> genera<lb></lb>tionem conduceret; verentes ne fortè acceſsio formæ non eſſet generatio, verùm ex nihilo fieret, <lb></lb>quam mutationem Theologi creationem vocant. </s> <s>Deinde ne illius productio naturalis eſſet, quan<lb></lb>dò talis generationis initia interna eſſe debent; hæc verò aut materia foret, aut forma: materia ve<lb></lb>rò tale principium eſſe nequeat: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab ipſa perpeſsio ſolùm. </s> <s>neceſſariò agitur eam <expan abbr="futurã">futuram</expan> eſſe for<lb></lb>mam. </s> <s>“Quin etiam videbatur eorum <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> confirmare dictum Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aientis, à natura fieri, in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3456"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoruncunq.">quoruncunque</expan> materia eſt, aliqua pars formæ, quę ſic <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> moueat, ſicuti mouetur ab extrinſeco.” <lb></lb>Maximè verò id in ſubſtantiæ generatione oportunum eſſe; quandoquidem generationi accidentis <lb></lb>aliquid in actu ſupponatur quod eſt <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> de prędicamento ſubſtantię, & materia ſenſilis <expan abbr="quæ-quodã">quæ<lb></lb>quodam</expan> pacto videtur eſſe affecta ad accipiendas certas accidentium formas: nil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mutationi ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ ſubſternatur præter <expan abbr="nudã">nudam</expan> materiam: quare non magis ad hanc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad alias <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> formas acci<lb></lb>piendas prona per ſe materia foret. </s> <s>At verò quòd obſeruo apud Ariſt. </s> <s>ſola primordia generationis <lb></lb>hæc tria peruulgata poni, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſufficere; materiam, <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>, & formam, & ex his deleri pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3457"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="uationẽ">uationem</expan>, materiam verò ſupereſſe, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> cum forma efficere: ab hac opinione ſum inopere <lb></lb>me auertit. </s> <s>Prætereà quoniam ipſemet Ariſt. </s> <s>in hanc ſententiam locutus eſſe <expan abbr="cõperitur">comperitur</expan>: nam ſic for<lb></lb>ma partibilis foret, & materia vltima non eſſet <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> cum forma: induceretur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa ſecundùm par<lb></lb>tes, quòd ſi partes formę exiſtimantur eſſe materia, quemadmodum libris ſuperioribus docuimus: <lb></lb>iam materia per ſe ſine forma ſufficiet. </s> <s>Item quia fit vnum ex materia & forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id in extrema <lb></lb>generatione, cùm <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> res ipſa genita eſt; quippe quòd <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> eodem puncto <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> abſoluatur; licèt <lb></lb>ordine naturæ formæ copulatio cum materia prior ſit; perſuadent <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> aliud eſſe generationis ini<lb></lb>tium, præter illa tria, quorum duo <expan abbr="cõſtituunt">conſtituunt</expan> fiens, & <expan abbr="antecedũt">antecedunt</expan> ei quod fit tertium quod priuatio<lb></lb>ni ſuccedens efficit hoc aliquid. </s> <s>Quamobrem opinati ſunt alij nonnulli nil formę quidem in mate<lb></lb>ria pręceſsiſſe, ſed tamen hęc primordia ad <expan abbr="cõplendam">complendam</expan> generationem ſatis non eſſe: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> Proclus <lb></lb>intrinſecùs etiam requiri putet <expan abbr="harmoniã">harmoniam</expan> quandam, cuius interuentu diſſociata colligentur: ex cer<lb></lb>ta <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia & certa forma exiſtere certum compoſitum. </s> <s>Hunc imitati quidam ſunt è Latinis qui <lb></lb>tametſi nil aliud in hac coniunctione ponunt, àc materiam & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; at putant non eſſe materiam <lb></lb>ipſam <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ſolam & <expan abbr="purã">puram</expan>, ſed in illa prætereà <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> quandam ſeminis inſtar ineſſe, cuius be<lb></lb>neficio ad <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> formam <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> idonea reddatur: non ſecus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in vtero fœminę ſit materia, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3458"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in quauis ineſt ſeminis, ipſam apparans ad ſuſcipiendam equi & leonis formam. </s> <s>Sed vis ſeminis <lb></lb>duplex eſt, actuoſa, aut patibilis: actuoſa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> obtinet inſtar formæ; verùm patibilis eadem eſt cum <lb></lb>ipſa materia. </s> <s>quare aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> generationi quippiam formæ præcedere fatebuntur, quod tamen infi<lb></lb>ciantur: aut <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> iſta ſeminis nulla prorſus eſt. </s> <s>Et harmonia Procli (ni fallor) eſt habilitas illa, vnde <lb></lb>materia proxima conſtituitur, quare nec aliud quid à materia ſeparatum <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Profectò qui <lb></lb>de coniunctione materiæ & formæ diſſerunt, ii poſſunt hæc tria reſpicere principia, quæ <expan abbr="cõiungunt">coniungunt</expan> <lb></lb>efficienter. </s> <s>ſunt verò externa, & ea, quæ reipſa non ſeparantur à materia <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> forma, ſed non rema<lb></lb>nent, veluti appetitus & priuatio: aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> internum, quod intercedat, & contineat in materia <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>veluti gluten, aut clauus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> eſt ſanè: quandò ſatis ad id ſit propria <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> vis & natura. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde ad hanc coniunctionem præſtandam intrinſecùs ſola materia ſufficit; nam cùm aptè fuerit <lb></lb>affecta, ex ſe ipſa accipit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, atque id in extrema generatione, quemadmodum alibi dictum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rationes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> oppoſitæ facilè diſſoluuntur: nam cùm obiicitur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non iri quidem genitum, ſed <lb></lb>creatum; reſpondemus formæ ſupponi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in qua ſit, tanquam in potentia patibili: <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>effi<lb></lb>cientis actu conſiſtere. </s> <s>Vbi etiam <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan> generationem formę non fore naturalem, quippequòd <pb pagenum="579"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3459"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab interno principio produci deberet. </s> <s>At ſæpè dictum eſt ad conſtitutionem motus naturalis ſuffi<lb></lb>cere, ſi principium patibile fuerit, neque enim motus id impetrat à mouente, quòd ſit naturalis, <lb></lb>ſed à patibilis principij propenſione. </s> <s>Atque id præcipuè in generatione & corruptione animad<lb></lb>uerſum eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſemper hoc mutationum genus ab externo proficiſci, nec quicquam poſſe ge<lb></lb>nerare ſeipſum; aliter idem vnà fore, & eſſe actu & poteſtate ſimul ad idem, vt patet, quanuis ea <lb></lb>propenſio non ſine certa forma, & contraria conſiſtat in qua ſit priuatio formæ futuræ; quæ, cùm <lb></lb>paullatim ab efficiente conquaſſetur, afficitur etiam idcirco materia per quoſdam gradus ad no<lb></lb>uam formam, ex quibus cùm forma exiſtat, velut totum ex partibus ſunt aliquid formæ, neuti<lb></lb>quam tamen forma, ſed materia. </s> <s>Quòd niſi quis hoc futuræ formæ præcedere in materia defen<lb></lb>dat; id quod etiam libentiſsimè damus, nullam aliam rationem ſupereſſe credimus, qua talis ſen<lb></lb>tentia defendi poſsit. </s> <s>Quod autem pertinet ad locum 7. Met. formam ibi dicimus nullo pacto <lb></lb>intelligi eſſentiam, aut eſſentiæ partem, ſed vim ab efficiente impreſſam, à qua mouetur, ac ſi <lb></lb>præſens eſſet efficiens ipſum: non aliter atque euenire dictum ſit motibus proiectorum; quanuis <lb></lb>magnum diſcrimen intercedat inter ea quibus ab efficiente vis imprimi ſolet: in illis enim quæ <lb></lb>proiiciuntur, ea vis externa erat, & præter naturam, non attingens rei ſubſtantiam, in his appa<lb></lb>rat materiam ad naturam, & formam, & finem. </s> <s>& de his quæ mouentur à vi impreſſa, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3460"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſiue ea ſit violenta prorſus & aliena, ſiue etiam ad naturam perducat in efficientis abſentia, mo<lb></lb>dò in eius virtute, verba facit ibi Ariſt. </s> <s>hæc autem nihil ad formam, niſi quatenus materia pars <lb></lb>eſt formę, dum continetur ab ea, quatenus enim propriæ fiunt hæ paſsiones materiæ, ſic cum <lb></lb>materia numerantur, ſed cùm pendeant adhuc ab efficiente; etiam ſine iniuria poſſunt efficien<lb></lb>ti attribui.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3454"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3455"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3456"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 31.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3457"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3458"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3459"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3460"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum priuatio ſit principium rerum mobilium. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SATIS hactenus de præcipuo generationis principio quod eſt forma, dictum eſt, & excuſſa ma<lb></lb>terię natura. </s> <s>Cùm verò tertium quoque principium in generatione requiratur, & in vniuerſa <lb></lb>mutatione generatim quod eſt, priuatio flagitat etiam inſtitutum noſtrum, vt aliqua de illa diſſe<lb></lb>ramus. </s> <s>Atque vt à primis, ex ordine naturæ ordiamur: ſunt verò prima ſecundùm naturam magis <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan>, ſic nos inſtituemus ſermonem noſtrum, vt <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> prius enarremus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> proponemus <lb></lb>in primis ad inquirendum, ſit'ne priuatio non ens: ſiquidem ſi non ens fuerit, multò minus poterit <lb></lb>eſſe principium: ſi verò ſit ens; ineptè negauerit Ariſtoteles ex ea nihil fieri, quia ſit non ens per ſe. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3461"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Verumenimuerò cùm priuatio ſit multiplex: etenim opponitur actui ſimpliciter: actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> com<lb></lb>plectitur <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> cauſſæ genus excepta materia, finem, efficiens, & formam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & abſentia finis eſt, <lb></lb>& imperatoris præſentia ſalutem; eius abſentia affert interitum: necnon abſentia efficientis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>& Sol ad nos accedens calorem producit, abſens aufert. </s> <s>Conſimiliter eſt abſentia formæ priuatio, <lb></lb>& de hac nobis in præſentia diſputandum. </s> <s>Quia verò forma ſpectatur <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, vel vt actus primus <lb></lb>& habitus, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt in actu ſecundo, & operans; etiam priuationis duæ ſunt ſpecies, altera quæ tol<lb></lb>lit habitum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ tollit <expan abbr="operationẽ">operationem</expan>, vt quæ tollit viſum lędendo oculos, aut aliquo impe<lb></lb>dimento, veluti dum conniuemus: hæc impedimento ſublato tollitur abſolutè, & ab hac fit reditus <lb></lb>ad actum; quanquam non eſt idem actus ad numerum, ab altera non datur regreſſus, & actus ſpe<lb></lb>cie differt; ex hoc poſtremò genere eſt noſtra priuatio, cùm viciſsitudo formarum, & ortus <expan abbr="interi-tuſq́">interi<lb></lb>tuſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit in materia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi natura dirigit priuationem ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, continuè reſpiciens ipſum eſſe; <lb></lb>nihilominus ex neceſsitate interuenit corruptio, & non eſſe: proinde commutatio formæ cum pri<lb></lb>uatione. </s> <s>Porrò priuationem puram negationem non eſſe teſtatur paſsim Ariſt. </s> <s>ſiquidem nega<lb></lb>tio nihil ponat; atqui priuatio deſiderat genus determinatum: neque enim eſt non album ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, ex quo fit album; ſed hoc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> album; quippe aut oppoſitum aut medium, & proptereà affert <lb></lb>ſubiecto, vel in eo ſaltem notat habilitatem ad <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> formam. </s> <s>eſt igitur aliquod ens. </s> <s>Sed quia prę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3462"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicat Ariſt. </s> <s>priuationem non eſſe ens per ſe; ita quiſpiam interprętabitur non ens, quia non ſit ali<lb></lb>quid in re, ſed in ſola ratione, quaſi ſit ens rationis, quod mens ipſa effingat formando has <expan abbr="harumq́">harumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>conſimiles propoſitiones, cęcitas eſt intolerabilis. </s> <s>Veruntamen difficile mihi videtur ponere princi<lb></lb>pium in natura, cuius extet aliquod officium, vtputa appetitus, & id ſit ex noſtra mente ſolùm: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vtar ego argumento Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Prius elementa ſunt, quàm homo. </s> <s>Ergo commutatio elemen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3463"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>torum homini & menti præceſsit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & priuatio. </s> <s>Prætereà non'ne priuatio concipitur vt termi<lb></lb>nus ſimplex. </s> <s>igitur & aliquid ei ſupponitur; non ergo penitus eſt animi opus. </s> <s>Docet <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> philo<lb></lb>ſophus priuationem affirmatione ſignificari, & ita refertur mutatio ex priuatione ad habitum op<lb></lb>poſitum, ad mutationem, quæ eſt ex ſubiecto in ſubiectum. </s> <s>Quin etiam refertur priuatio ad ter<lb></lb>minum à quo: at hoc eſt principium generationis internum, & aliquid igitur extra mentem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter, quòd dicitur non eſſe ens per ſe; in eum ſenſum accipio, vt non excludat eſſe ens per <lb></lb>aliud, & valeat id àc ſi dicamus non eſſe per ſe coniunctim: ex quo non ſequatur id quòd non ſit <lb></lb>diſiunctim: inde etiam fit, vt propter aliud & ſentiatur & intelligatur. </s> <s>Cùm ſit aliquid ſanè, ſed <lb></lb>propter aliud, per ſe verò nihil; ex ipſa quoque nihil eſſe per ſe poteſt, quia tamen aliquid eſt; ni <pb pagenum="580"></pb>mirum propter aliud; eſt principium, quod non ineſt. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſit propter aliud, etiam percuncta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3464"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ri poteris quid'nam ſit illud propter quod eſt. </s> <s>Ad quod reſpondeo bifariam concipi priuationem, <lb></lb>vel propter <foreign lang="grc">ὑπαρξειν</foreign>, ideſt id quod eſt ſubſiſtere: vel propter rationem formalem, vnde explica<lb></lb>tio prima peti ſolet eſſentiæ, ſi ſpectes <foreign lang="grc">ὑπαρξειν</foreign>; eſt priuatio propter materiam: ſi rationem forma<lb></lb>lem obſerues; ea eſt ex forma: quippe quòd abſentia formæ, ſiue forma abſens, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> duo ſunt po<lb></lb>tiſsima principia numero, materia ſcilicet & forma, quòd priuatio notat habitudinem formæ ad <lb></lb>materiam; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>forma per diuerſas habitudines & forma eſt, & priuatio: quapropter etiam <lb></lb>in eodem genere ſunt forma & priuatio oppoſitæ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed & hæc ita ſe habet ad materiam, vt non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3465"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inſideat in ipſa, quatenus exiſtentiam illam virtute habet, de qua ſupra dictum eſt, ſed vt actu exi<lb></lb>ſtit; etenim eſt aſſecla formæ cuiuſpiam quæ iam inhæret in materia. </s> <s>nec, mea quidem ſententia, <lb></lb>tametſi coniuncta eſt cum habilitate, eſt cauſſa habilitatis: nam primùm ineſt in materia certa for<lb></lb>ma, eam ſequitur poteſtas; illi ineſt priuatio; quandoquidem id quod eſſe poteſt, quatenus poteſt <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> (vniuocè ſumpta poteſtate) <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt: ſed cùm ex eo quod non eſt, quatenus non eſt, fiat id quod fit: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3466"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſequitur, vt ratio proxima mutationis ſit ipſa priuatio, quæ cùm ſit priuatio ſubſtantiæ; nil autem <lb></lb>ſubſtantia prius eſſe poſsit; per ſe profectò nil eſt, ſed ſiquid eſt, propter aliud ſit neceſſe eſt, & pro<lb></lb>pter formam primò, propter materiam verò non ſine formæ interuentu. </s> <s>Sed enim forma illa cui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3467"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicimus hærere affixam, illic habetur, vt pręcipua ratio patiendi; ex hoc efficitur, vt in materia <lb></lb>ponatur: nam tunc eſt abſolutè materia, cùm iam certo motu agi poteſt, quod aliunde non aſſe<lb></lb>quitur, infinita cùm ſit; niſi à forma quam in ſe habet. </s> <s>Ergo eadem eſt priuatio cum materia, & <lb></lb>non eadem, & eadem cum forma, & non eadem. </s> <s>Nam ſi formam futuram ſpectaueris; eadem <lb></lb>ita eſt re ipſa, ſolùm diſcrepans habitudine; ſicut idem eſt Sol qui ſui præſentia calorem affert; ab<lb></lb>ſentia verò frigus, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> habitudine ſola ſeparantur. </s> <s>etenim forma ſimpliciter eſt cuius ſocietatem <lb></lb>materia requirat, vt olim docuimus; eadem eſt cum forma, quæ nunc eſt in materia, ſubiecto, <lb></lb>ſed ratione differt, cùm ſignificet habitudinem ad formam futuram; forma autem præſens ſit ſuo <lb></lb>more abſoluta, eadem eſt cum materia quoque ſubiecto, ſed per formam; ob eundem reſpectum <lb></lb>formæ futuræ diſtinguitur ab ipſa: ſiquidem habeat, vt ſuprà decretum eſt, materia ſuum ipſius <lb></lb>proprium eſſe, quod eſt exiſtere virtute quod formæ non refertur acceptum. </s> <s>& cùm per ſe nihil <lb></lb>exiſtat; nihil in materia ponit. </s> <s>Nec quicquam aliud eſt reuera ponere priuationem in materia, <lb></lb>ac dicere materiam eſſe ſine forma: idcirco dicimus intercedere ſolùm differentiam rei connota<lb></lb>tę, qua nihil additur extrinſecùs illi, in quo reſidet ea differentia, ſed aut varietas modi, aut ha<lb></lb>bitudo priuans, & ab Ariſtotele dici ſolet relatio priuans, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec tamen eſt in materia nuda, quam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3468"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicimus eſſe virtute; cùm certam aliquam formam conſequatur: veruntamen materiæ comitans <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3469"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illi quoque communicat, quòd non ſit: quapropter materia illud non ens eſt, ex quo fieri poteſt <lb></lb>compoſitum, quia non ſit, antequam fiat, nec quia ſit prorſus nihil, ſed quia propter certam pri<lb></lb>uationem non ſit illud quod fieri <expan abbr="debet̃">debetur</expan>; Vnde priuatio eſt principium non rei genitæ, quia ſimul <lb></lb>abſentia & præſentia rei eiuſdem vnà non conſiſtunt, nec in rationem priuationis, ſicut in ratio<lb></lb>nem materiæ & formæ diſſoluitur compoſitum, ſed generationis, quòd obtinet inſtar termini à <lb></lb>quo; quem nos olim motus eſſentiam conſtituere docuimus. </s> <s>ob id cùm in generatione tantùm <lb></lb>exiſtat, rem genitam non attingat; accidens eſſe perhibetur; quatenus id quod eſſentiæ pars non <lb></lb>eſt, accidens appellari conſueuit: etenim imitatur in eo verè accidens, quòd ſicut ipſo abſenteret <lb></lb>adhuc conſeruatur; ſic res eſt, cùm abeſt priuatio. </s> <s>huic forma reſpondet quæ eſt ipſa eſſentia, <lb></lb>proximè verò occupat locum termini ad quem; tametſi, ſi priuatio contrario fundatur, & ipſa <lb></lb>forma obtinet vim termini à quo, ſed remotè; oportet enim intercedere priuationem quæ poten<lb></lb>tiæ comitatur, vt ad ſubſtantiam mutatio fiat, aliter ex ente per ſe fieret id quod fit. </s> <s>Quæ cùm <lb></lb>ſic ſe habeant, ex his & iis quæ anteà longo ſermone fuerunt expoſita octo differentiæ, colligun<lb></lb>tur inter priuationem & materiam: quandoquidem priuatio non ſit ens per ſe materia ſit non ens <lb></lb>per accidens; priuatio ſit ens propter aliud; materia ſit ens per ſe, poteſtate tamen: priuatio ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3470"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oppoſita; materia non ſit oppoſita: priuatio accidens, & terminus à quo, qui pellitur è ſubiecto, <lb></lb>materia pars ſubſtantiæ, & ſubiectum, quod remanet: priuatio numeretur cùm ſubiecto; ma<lb></lb>teria ſit hoc aliquid, & numerabile per ſe: priuatio pereat adueniente forma, materia cum ipſa <lb></lb>forma componatur: priuatio ſit appetitus cauſſa materiæ; materia appetat. </s> <s>Ex his differentiis <lb></lb>multę ſunt quæ communiter pertinent ad formam. </s> <s>Nanque & forma exiſtit per materiam, <lb></lb>& per illam numeratur, eſt oppoſita: & ſemper eius ratio ſaluatur; differt ab aliis communi<lb></lb>ter, quod eſt actus & appetendum. </s> <s>ſeorſum verò à priuatione cùm ſit eſſentia, perfectio & <lb></lb>cauſſa proxima & per ſe boni: priuatio non ens, imperfectum & cauſſa proxima mali, boni au<lb></lb>tem per accidens. </s> <s>hæc ſecundùm naturam, vt terminus ad quem; illa vt terminus à quo. <lb></lb></s> <s>A materia verò, quod exiſtit per ipſam; materia verò per ſe: perficit hæc & terminat, illa perſi<lb></lb>citur & terminatur: hæc actus, illa poteſtas. </s> <s>Verùm quòd natura ſemper reſpicit eſſe per ſe, <lb></lb>non eſſe verò molitur per accidens, ita priuatio conſideratur in tranſmutationibus àc ſi deſtrua<lb></lb>tur: itaque priuatio permanet in materia, quouſque forma rei generandæ ſucceſſerit, quod pun<lb></lb>cto fit temporis; cùm forma conſiſtat indiuiduo, eouſque verò rem non eſſe dicitur verè: fit enim <pb pagenum="581"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3471"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſic, vt vltimum non eſſe priuationis commutetur cum primo eſſe rei, quæ tum genita eſt, & tum <lb></lb>potentia illa ſignata deficit, cui priuatio tanquam comes quædam fidiſsima ſemper hæret affixa: <lb></lb>Sed tamen exorta eſt controuerſia inter Græcos philoſophos, quod' nam ex his ſit natura prius, an'<lb></lb>ne .ſ. </s> <s>priuatio materiæ præponenda ſit; an contrà materia priuationi antecedat. </s> <s>Philoponus enim <lb></lb>atque Simplicius arbitrati ſunt <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> priuationem afferre materiæ poteſtatem, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe puram ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3472"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="gationẽ">gationem</expan>; verùm in ſubiecto idoneo: ex hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> effici, vt res vnà quippiam non ſit, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>illud <lb></lb>quod non eſt, eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> contrà poteſtatem voluerit in materia præcedere priuationi, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3473"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> eſſe naturam materię, proinde priuationem eſſe veluti conſequens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſe ſolùm cauſ<lb></lb>ſam proximam mutationis; nihil ad conſtituendam poteſtatem conducere, quia ſic etiam foret eſ<lb></lb>ſentia materiæ propter illam regulam. </s> <s>Quando alterum de altero prædicatur, vt de ſubiecto. </s> <s>Nunc <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>eſſentiam materiæ in ſola poteſtate collocat. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò priores illi, à priuationis eſſen<lb></lb>tia decepti, ex priuatione poteſtatem naſci crediderunt: eſt enim eſſentia tanquam accidentis quæ <lb></lb>traditur per ſubiectum: ideò quauis aſſumatur in definitione priuationis eſſe idoneum; nil ſanè ve<lb></lb>tat, quominus etiam multò prius habilitas illa attineat ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & pullulet ex eius natura. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb>pertinet ad Alexandri decretum; illud <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non caret difficultate: ſiquidem potentia non mate<lb></lb>ria, ſed contrario fundetur, & vt ipſe autumat & <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> <expan abbr="auctorẽ">auctorem</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ipſam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rationem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3474"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3475"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia contrarium ſuapte natura ab altero ſecretum eſt, & cum alio propter communionem ſubiecti <lb></lb>poteſt commutari. </s> <s>Sed ſi potentia contrario nititur, & hæc eſt eſſentia materiæ; contrarium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ad eſſentiam materię conducat neceſſe eſt: hoc verò eſt forma: ergo & materia <expan abbr="cõſtituetur">conſtituetur</expan> ex for<lb></lb>ma, quod ſanè fieri nequit: eſto enim vt ſit actu per formam; at quòd ſit materia; neutiquam dabo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem vt nunc eſt, ſic exiſtimo potentiam in materia ſine forma non eſſe, ſed infinitatem po<lb></lb>tius & indeterminationem, neque tamen nego poteſtatem pertinere ad materiam. </s> <s>Poteſtas enim <lb></lb>materiæ poſita eſt in accipiendo, at materia ſola accipit: eſt enim id quod reſtat in ſe habens <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>nouam: contrarium & priuatio delentur; veruntamen accipit per contrarium & priuationem: <lb></lb>ſic non accipiunt hæc, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poteſtatem habent, ſed materia per hæc & accipit, & habet accipiendi <lb></lb>poteſtatem; nec quòd omnia hæc per <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> & priuationem conſequatur; prohibet quominus <lb></lb>ex ſola poteſtate conſtet: etenim potentia determinatur actu; hic in habendo poſitus eſt: atqui ſo<lb></lb>la materies habet ob eam quæ dicta eſt, cauſſam. </s> <s>Ergo poteſtas, vt id in quo prius ineſt in materia, <lb></lb>vt per quod in contrario; nec ob id hæc ad eſſentiam materiæ referuntur, quia ſunt vię quędam ad <lb></lb>actum, & tranſeunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſicut de præuiis affectionibus vos ipſi dicitis, quòd non ſunt in eſſentiæ <lb></lb>materiæ; licèt materia per ipſas accipiat formas: ſic & nos vobiſcum de contrario & priuatione di<lb></lb>cemus. </s> <s>Nec mihi videtur id quod non habet, habere poſſe, vt credam ex priuatione naſci poten<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3476"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiam: ſic enim omne quod non habet, quatenus non habet; habere poſſet, ſed contrà id quod ha<lb></lb>bere poteſt, quatenus poteſt; non habere: omne enim quod eſt eiuſmodi, non habet, ſed cùm mu<lb></lb>tetur, quatenus non habet, cùm poſsit: nam ſi haberet; non mutaretur: erit quidem potentia cauſ<lb></lb>ſa priuationis, ſed prima mutandi ratio naſcerur ex priuatione: proptereà non temere principium <lb></lb>generationis habetur, non autem rei genitæ & accidens in materia, quia nil ad eius eſſentiam con<lb></lb>ferat, cùm cętera ſint principia quę reſpiciant <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> rei quæ fit, & <expan abbr="cõſtituant">conſtituant</expan> rem, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> genita eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque hîc audio <expan abbr="Philoponũ">Philoponum</expan>, quia tria principia ſuo <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> modo eſſe voluerit, vnum generationis, <lb></lb>quod eſſet priuatio; alterum generationis & rei .ſ. </s> <s>materia, ac tertium, quod rei genitæ duntaxat; <lb></lb>nimirùm forma: fortè quia forma non eſſet niſi ad extremum, & poſtquàm motus eſſet abſolutus, <lb></lb>qui <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> terminos eſſentiam motus conflare didicerim, & anteà docuerim in qualibet parte mo<lb></lb>tus exiſtere genita quædam quæ ſint partes rei quæ producitur, & in ipſa forma ſint, veluti materia, <lb></lb>quæ tamen formam participent; non quòd ipſam diuiduè ſuſcipiant, ac ſi quanta eſſet, ſed quòd <lb></lb>ſibi poteſtatem actui propinquiorem comparent.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3461"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3462"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3463"></margin.target>a Pręd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3464"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3465"></margin.target>a Simpl. e. <lb></lb>de Qual.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3466"></margin.target>b Lib. <foreign lang="grc">πε<lb></lb>ρὶ ὲρμ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3467"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3468"></margin.target>c Elen. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3469"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3470"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3471"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3472"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 71.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3473"></margin.target>b <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3474"></margin.target>c 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3475"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3476"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm partes habeant aliquam formam à totius forma ſecretam de prędicamento ſubſtantię, <lb></lb>nec'ne, & Latinorum opiniones recenſentur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3477"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3477"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED ſpectatur is, mox, <expan abbr="vtrũ">vtrum</expan> in materia propter eius neceſsitatem aliquid ſit formæ quæ pertineat <lb></lb>ad ſubſtantiam, quod in re genita ſuperſtes ſit; illud <expan abbr="negociũ">negocium</expan> inſtar in primis, vt generaliter ex<lb></lb>ploremus, vtrùm plures, quàm vna forma ſimul conſiſtere queant, an'non, de qua ſanè re <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> <lb></lb>circunferuntur opiniones, & magna volumina conſcripta à maioribus, & ab amicis noſtris multa <lb></lb>ſatis egregiè monumentis litterarum tradita, ſed tamen omnia nos <expan abbr="compẽdiaria">compendiaria</expan> via perſequemur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque verò nos perturbet, eò vergentes, vt earum multitudini patrocinemur, ſiquid ſigillatim de <lb></lb>forma corporis, aut etiam forma partium contra decretum noſtrum ſubueniat; nam de forma cor<lb></lb>poris acturi, qua de principiis incrementi, & de motu ſecundùm quantum; accipiemus ea quæ ibi <lb></lb>Deo <expan abbr="approbãte">approbante</expan> <expan abbr="cõcludentur">concludentur</expan>. </s> <s>interim de <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> forma diſputabimus; pręſertim quae & alio <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <expan abbr="cõdu-cet">condu<lb></lb>cet</expan> hęc cognitio ad ea, quę de generatione <expan abbr="ſcribunt̃">ſcribuntur</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> inter alias culpas, quas <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ge<lb></lb>neratione <expan abbr="tractãda">tractanda</expan> Platoni Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe obiecit, ea fuit, quae ſolùm <expan abbr="elemẽtorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> ſpeculatus ſit, <lb></lb>quo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> carnes & oſſa, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>id genus <expan abbr="fiãt">fiant</expan>, ne tetigerit <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>: <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> dicet <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan>: ergo hæc Ariſt. <pb pagenum="582"></pb>ſententia gignuntur, quin etiam partes has augeri teſtatus aliquando eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>atqui auctio generatio <arrow.to.target n="marg3478"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quædam eſt, & generatio eſt via ad formam ſimpliciter; auctio verò ad formam quantam. </s> <s>Ergo par<lb></lb>tes iſtæ, ſi generentur & augeſcant, proprias formas & eſſentias obtinebunt, aut certè, ſi proprias ſin<lb></lb>gularum partium formas explodamus, <expan abbr="vnamq́">vnamque</expan>. </s> <s>communem toti cum partib. eſſe fateamur, Ariſt. </s> <s>in<lb></lb>iuria reprehenderit Platonem, qui de totius generatione diſſerens, partium ipſarum generationem <lb></lb>poſthabuerit: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fuerat opus: etenim, cùm propria forma carerent, non gignebantur. </s> <s>Ideò con<lb></lb>ſtituendum prius eſt, an ſingulæ partes habeant propriam ſui ipſarum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan> quæ conſtituat, à <lb></lb>totius forma <expan abbr="ſecretã">ſecretam</expan>. </s> <s>Quia verò diſputatio propter viuentium partes initur, cum plantarum, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>animalium, quae has à toto rationem diuerſam obtinere perſpicuum eſt, cùm cæteroquin animo caren<lb></lb>tium partes ſint vniformes, nos ſigillatim de huiuſmodi partium formis agere inſtituimus. </s> <s>Has <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, <lb></lb>vt ponamus, perſuadent complures rationes præter Ariſt. </s> <s>auctoritatem, qui auctionem fieri teſtatur <lb></lb>ſecundùm ſubſtantiam, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ſolùm, ſiquidem fiat caro. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, quia <lb></lb>concedet <expan abbr="vnuſquiſq.">vnuſquiſque</expan> quanuis parum in philoſophia verſatus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quæcunq.">Quæcunque</expan> proprium nomen habeat, <lb></lb>& definitionem <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> ſecundùm nomen; ab alijs ſpecie & ſubſtantia ſeparari. </s> <s>verùm ſingulæ par<lb></lb>tes proprium nomen habent, & propriam definitionem ſecundùm nomen, & à ſui inuicem, & à to<lb></lb>tius nomine & definitione ſeiunctam. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & à ſe inuicem & à toto, ſpecie, & ſubſtantia diſtinguun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3479"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Deinde quæ differunt quibuſdam nunc munerib. inter ſe, ſubſtantia diſcrepant: partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inter <lb></lb>ſe ita differunt. </s> <s>quin etiam eodem modo diſtinguuntur à toto: aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> partium munus <lb></lb>eſt & officium. </s> <s>Quod item confirmatur: nam ſi de ſubſtantiarum diſcrimine iudicium à <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> <lb></lb>& accidentium differentijs non accipiatur; eriperetur profectò è manib. philoſopho methodus in<lb></lb>ueniendi rerum naturas in quas ſenſus, quia penetrare non poteſt, per accidentia demum, reſolutio<lb></lb>nis auxilio peruenit. </s> <s>Inſuper <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> membra ſeſe viciſsim afficiunt; igitur habent diuerſas formas. </s> <s>cor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>calefacit, frigefacit cerebrum: nec ſi formis ſecernerentur, ſed vna omnium foret; euitari poſſet, quin <lb></lb>eadem forma moliretur ſibi ipſi interitum. </s> <s>Poſtremò, ſiqua cauſſa eſt, cur partes propria forma non <lb></lb>fulciantur, ea eſt quia ſint in toto: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſeparentur ab ipſo, aut ipſę nihil erunt, aut aliquid: & certè <lb></lb>ſi manus amputetur, agnoſcetur eſſe manus: aliquid ergo erit. </s> <s>Atqui omne quod eſt, eſt per ſuam <lb></lb>formam: erit igitur manus forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius quidem propria. </s> <s>quinimmo partes extra totum ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele in ſubſtantiis apertiſsimè numerantur. </s> <s>Ad approbandum verò alteram partem problematis, <lb></lb>ſingulas animantium partes percurramus, hæ ſunt, aut compoſitæ, quemadmodum pes, manus, & <lb></lb>caput: aut ſimplices, veluti caro, os, & neruus. </s> <s>De compoſitis quæ alio nomine difformes appellan<lb></lb>tur, id ſępiſsime pronuntiauit Ariſt. </s> <s>eas eſſe per animum: ac ſi careant animo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> à toto ſeiugentur, <lb></lb>ambiguè manus, aut caput eſſe. </s> <s>& eiuſmodi, ac ſi lapideę forent: at animus forma totius eſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3480"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerint vniformes; oſtendit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eas diſtingui per accidentia, & per diuerſas coniugationes quali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3481"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatum: non igitur propriis formis quæ ſubſtantiam compleant, præditę ſunt. </s> <s>Duæ de hac controuer<lb></lb>ſia ſententiæ circunferuntur à ſe inuicem diſcrepantes: altera Scoti. </s> <s>D. Thomæ altera. </s> <s>ſtatuit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> D. <lb></lb>Thomas per eandem formam eſſe totum & partes. </s> <s>Vnum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit ipſe, eſſe totum, vnum verò per <lb></lb>vnam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. </s> <s>Alia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> adiecit ille nobiliſsimus auctor quæ, quae probabilia potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> neceſſaria ſunt, <lb></lb>ſeu rectius dixerim, neceſſarij ſpecimen habeant, de induſtria prætermittuntur. </s> <s>Contrà verò Scotus <lb></lb>ſingulas partes tam ſimplices, quàm <expan abbr="cõpoſitas">compoſitas</expan>, habere cenſuit proprias formas è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> omnib. vna in<lb></lb>tegra extaret quæ totius eſſet: hanc verò <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> organizationis appellat: exiſtimauit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>affectiones in materia, ad <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> ipſum <expan abbr="excipiendũ">excipiendum</expan>, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>item animo exhalante in cadauere ſuper<lb></lb>eſſe. </s> <s>Muniuit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſe opinionem ſuam hiſce argumentis, etenim perſpicuum eſt <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eſſe cor<lb></lb>poris organici, phyſici, <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> poteſtate habentis: <expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan> ergo <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> animo pręcedere oportet, per quam <lb></lb>corpus organicum fiat: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>optimo iure: ſiquidem forma nobiliſsima ſubiectum nobiliſsimum po<lb></lb>ſtulat, cuiuſmodi eſt corpus hoc organicum. </s> <s>Deinde manifeſtum eſt, animal in duas partes ſecari, al<lb></lb>teram ſanè quæ per ſe moueat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram quæ per ſe moueatur: prima illa quidem animus ſine du<lb></lb>bio eſt; altera hæc aut eſt actu, aut non. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="poſtremũ">poſtremum</expan> dederis moueri non poſſet: ſi <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> fatearis, at id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3482"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod actu eſt, huiuſmodi eſt per formam: ſed quæ'nam obſecro alia forma excogitari poteſt hac ip<lb></lb>ſa excepta quam dicimus organizationis? </s> <s>Tertiò niſi foret talis forma in rerum natura; corruptio ſi<lb></lb>ne vlla generatione fieret, quod iis aduerſatur quę non multò antè probata ſunt: vt cùm occidit ani<lb></lb>mal, niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma illa ſuperſit, animus <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iam exhalauerit; nec vila alia forma ipſis ſuccedet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>ipſam in obitu animalis produci dicendum eſt: etenim effectus idem à diuerſis agentib. effici nequit: <lb></lb>atqui interitus animalis occaſiones multæ ſunt; & plures igitur formas cadaueris eſſe oporteret: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>verò vna in omni ſpecie interitus extet; hanc vnam quam dicimus organizationis, eius formam eſſe <lb></lb>ſtatuamus. </s> <s>Poſtremò vnus motus mobilis vnius eſt: itaque, ſi fingamus nunc animal è ſublimi da<lb></lb>ri pręceps, & in præcipitio ſtrangulari; vnus eſſet ille motus: ergo & mobile vnum. </s> <s>quae ſi vnum eſt; <lb></lb>vnum verò eſt per vnam formam: vna igitur erit ipſius forma quæ certè alia eſſe non poteſt; atque <lb></lb>ea quam ſępè iam organizationis formam vocauimus. </s> <s>Hæc Latini: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> apud Græcos nulla di<lb></lb>ſputatio talis obſeruatur. </s> <s><pb pagenum="583"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3483"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3478"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3479"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3480"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3481"></margin.target>b 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3482"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3483"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Argumenta oppoſita de partium forma diluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>LITES ſanè inter hoc philoſophiæ proceres acerrimę <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ambiguę, vt non ſine magna dif<lb></lb>ficultate perſpici poſsit, quo ſe <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> recipiat, vt <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in portu, collocetur in tuto. </s> <s>ſed quantum <lb></lb>ego nunc intelligo; certior & magis Peripatetica mihi videtur ſententia D. Thomæ, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim video <lb></lb>quae in viuo & mortuo poſsit eſſe organorum forma ſuperſtes, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> eiuſdem munera eadem <expan abbr="forẽt">forent</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>affectiones: at in viuente ſunt ad vitam, in cadauere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> minimè (<expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> patitur ordo <lb></lb>naturę, & omni diuina poteſtate ſecluſa) aliter mortuus reuiuiſcere poſſet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> te docuit <lb></lb>cap. 2. 2. de An. Philoſophus. </s> <s>Prætereà docet Ariſt. </s> <s>inſtrumenta eſſe inſtituta ad finem, quę eſt forma: <lb></lb>inſtrumenta igitur ordinata ſunt ad formam cuius ſunt inſtrumenta; & per illam conſecuta ſunt quae <lb></lb>ſint huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Quapropter, vbi ſunt in toto, per eandem formam exiſtunt per quam eſt & totum; <lb></lb>ille verò eſt animus. </s> <s>Nam viuens ſolùm per ſe conſtat congerie partium ſpecie differentium. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>verò ſeparantur à toto, ſicuti animo exhalante noua cadaueris forma ſuccedit, quæ poſita eſt in pri<lb></lb>uatione, aut ad ſummum in certa elementorum diſſolutione quæ inerant in viuente: ſic <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> pars <lb></lb>exiſtit per priuationem caloris quem in viuente obtinuit, & in certa diſſolutione virtutum, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>anteà conſtabat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> enim negandum eſt animum in ſua materia poſtulare certas affectiones, cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3484"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in partib. ſimplicib. tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in compoſitis, quę ſanè in partib. à complexione primarum, & ſecunda<lb></lb>rum qualitatum proficiſcuntur; in compoſitis autem à figura, à quibus omnibus aſſequuntur, vt <lb></lb>ſint inſtrumenta: quapropter etiam qualitatum huiuſmodi complexio, <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> figura illarum eſſe ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ dicuntur. </s> <s>Idcirco Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vniformium formas eſſe qualitates ipſas aliquando teſtatus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3485"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt; & Auerroes <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aſſeruit pedem eſſe per <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan>, & hoc pacto <expan abbr="intelligendũ">intelligendum</expan> eſt, in his eſſe ſpeciei <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3486"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>varietatem .i. </s> <s>qua ſunt inſtrumenta, & in eundem ſenſum, niſi fallor, Auerrois verba 6. Phyſ. <expan abbr="accipiẽ-da">accipien<lb></lb>da</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> ita diluemus argumenta oppoſita. </s> <s>Nam cùm primò dicitur: <expan abbr="Quæcunq.">Quæcunque</expan> habent no<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3487"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>men & <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> diuerſam, ſubſtantia differunt, ita conceditur: ſi forma quæ <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõplet">complet</expan>, intelliga<lb></lb>tur, à qua deriuatur, eſſe <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> illud ſit; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt vel ſimpliciter, vel quodammodo: ſed ſim<lb></lb>pliciter & ſigillatim exiſtimo falſum: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> puto <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> formas quo ad ſunt partes, hoc eſt, in to<lb></lb>to aut inſtrumentorum qua talia ſunt eiuſmodi eſſe, vt in categoriam ſubſtantiæ referantur: & ſi<lb></lb>cuti duplex eſt eſſe, vel ſimpliciter, vel quodammodò: ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> duplex eſſe formarum genus, arbitror; <lb></lb><expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, quod tribuat eſſe ſimpliciter: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, quod exhibeat eſſe aliqua ex parte: & id quod<lb></lb>dat eſſe ſimpliciter, in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ poni, perſpicuè monſtrant exempla. </s> <s>homo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſim<lb></lb>pliciter eſt, & per eam formam exiſtit quæ in prędicamento ſubſtantiæ collocatur, quæ animus eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3488"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt ratio. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> albus eſt; quod eſt eſſe quodammodò, quae <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> huiuſmodi ſit, impetrauit ab albe<lb></lb>dine, albedo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt hominis albi ratio quæ eſt de prædicamento qualitatis. </s> <s>Quinimmo <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſunt, <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> conſecuta ſunt, quae ſint <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, habent nomina propria, & definitio<lb></lb>nes ſuas quæ ſignificent <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, quo ſunt, veluti <foreign lang="grc">μύδρος</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ferrum candens, & calx, quæ lapidem <lb></lb>combuſtum nob. </s> <s>exprimit, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi diſſolutio fiat, nihilominus actus ille qui ſubſtantiæ ipſius <lb></lb>proprius eſt, integer conſeruetur, veluti in ferro & lapide, cùm alioqui calx ablato calore deleatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed de hoc genere formarum aliàs dicetur commodius. </s> <s>Hæc igitur <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſuam eſſentiam habent: ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ea non eſt ſimpliciter, vt ſi dematur; protinus omnis actus vnà tollatur è medio, non eſt ab<lb></lb>ſurdum, eam ipſam peti à forma, quę non ſit de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>ſic ergo dicendum de par<lb></lb>tib. hæ quidem, vt ſubſtantiæ quædam ſenſiles, adeptæ ſunt formam de prędicamento ſubſtantię; <lb></lb>dum viuunt habent animum, cuius beneficio viuunt, nutriuntur & augeſcunt; dum ſeiunguntur à <lb></lb>toto, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> aliam ſibi peculiarem conſequuntur, ſiue ea ſit animi certa priuatio, ſiue alia <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> <lb></lb>de nouo ſuccedat in materia, licet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> temperies ipſa cum ordine ad formas elementorum, in quæ par<lb></lb>tes demum diſſoluuntur; nil in pręſentia moramur. </s> <s>Et quatenus inſtrumenta; cùm <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan>, quae ita ſint, <lb></lb>quodammodo; habent quidem formas, quæ ſunt illorum eſſentia, & ſine <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> earum eſſentia <expan abbr="cõſta-">conſta<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3489"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re non poteſt; attamen illę non ſunt ſubſtantię, niſi fortè ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan>, & vt verbis Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3490"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vtar, habent categoriam .i. </s> <s>figuram dictionis quę ſubſtantię ſolet aſsignari. </s> <s>Secundam verò obiectio<lb></lb>nem tollimus hoc pacto. </s> <s>Cùm inquiunt. </s> <s>differunt accidentibus, ergo ſubſtantiis: negamus id conſe<lb></lb>qui quod exiſtimant, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſſentia ſanè diſtinguuntur, ſed ſubſtantia nequaquam. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quid com<lb></lb>munius eſſentia, cùm ſit <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> quæ ſunt <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, & per aliud, ſubſtantia verò ſimpliciter exi<lb></lb>ſtat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ob id occluditur via philoſopho naturali per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> perueniat in eſſentias rerum: immo no<lb></lb>ſcentes accidentia, per quæ ſeparantur; hęc, vt inſtrumenta, illa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt ſubſtantias abſolutè dignoſci<lb></lb>mus; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> eſſentię genere propria <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> munera deriuentur. </s> <s>Ex eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> propugna<lb></lb>culo defendi poſſumus ab oppoſitione tertia: nam quia <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> eſſentię per ſe accidentia ſunt; ſeſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>viciſsim afficiunt: & quia partium formę ſunt, ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> differunt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inde efficitur <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in ſui ipſius <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> niti, immò vera & abſoluta forma eſt animus, cuius ergo ſeſe viciſsim af<lb></lb>ficiunt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> varietas illa partium ad animi conſeruationem, qua diutius viuit indiuiduum, inſtituta <lb></lb>eſt; & ad varias functiones quę <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> animum ſunt, pręclarè obeundas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> inficiamur, eas à to<lb></lb>to ſeiunctas, formam ſibi propriam obtinete; & per ipſam actu eſſe, ſiue ea ſit priuatio, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quid <lb></lb>poſitiuum, nil referat in pręſentia: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, Alexandro auctore, priuatio ipſa quidam eſt actus. </s> <s>His ex <pb pagenum="584"></pb>peditis, quæ in fronte quæſtionis allata fuerunt; ad argumenta Scoti veniamus, quæ ſanè acerrima <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3491"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, quemadmodum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vir ille acerrimus fuit, & ingenij perſpicaciſsimi; ita vt de illo dicere nobis <lb></lb>in philoſophia Peripatetica liceat quod de Pericle Græcia prædicabat, <foreign lang="grc">ἄνω καὶ κὰτω πάντα διε<lb></lb>κύκα</foreign>, nam ſicuti ille conſilijs ſuis <expan abbr="ſusq́">ſusque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>permiſcebat Græciam, ſic ſi diutius iſte vixiſſet, totam <lb></lb>hercle noſtram philoſophiam ſuis inuentis, non ſine veritatis lucro conturbaſſet. </s> <s>Proinde cùm op<lb></lb>ponit, organorum formam quandam requiri, quandoquidem animus corporis phyſici, organici ſit <lb></lb>actus: dicimus organorum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> referri <expan abbr="acceptã">acceptam</expan> differentiis illis à temperie <expan abbr="figuraq́">figuraque</expan>. </s> <s>deſumptis, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb>manent in toto, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ſeiunctæ fuerint, frui forma illa quam priuationem eſſe non negamus, aut ele<lb></lb>mentorum poteſtatem. </s> <s>ante verò, quàm animus accedat, eas non eſſe, ſed ſimul, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore, <lb></lb>organicum corpus abſolui, <expan abbr="animumq́">animumque</expan>. </s> <s>actum eius eſſe, interea <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab eodem animo conformari, quæ <lb></lb>poteſtate tantùm eſt & vis formatrix habetur. </s> <s>organis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vtatur, nondum conſtitutis à quorum <lb></lb>vſu vniuerſa animi definitio & eſſentia poſtmodùm pendent. </s> <s>ideò ad animum accipiendum præpa<lb></lb>ratio poſtulatur, non quidem in illis ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſubſtantiam, quæ venit extrinſecùs, ſed ad organorum <lb></lb>vſum, qui <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab eadem ſubſtantia paratur quę cùm illorum vſum obtinuit, animus eſt, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>for<lb></lb>ma ſimpliciter: anteà verò formatrix virtus habebatur. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cùm probabat ipſe, partem per <lb></lb>ſe motam eſſe actu, <expan abbr="cõcedimus">concedimus</expan> eam actu eſſe, ſed per animum, qui in animato duplicem habet vim; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3492"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>formæ nimirùm per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> dat eſſe animato; & efficientis per quam mouet animatum; tametſi quod <lb></lb>actu mouet in animato, tale eſt propter aliquam ſpeciem conceptam, & motum ab eius virtute <expan abbr="cõi-catum">coni<lb></lb>catum</expan>, quo poſsit agitare partem ſibi contiguam quæ actu quidem eſt ſubſtantia per <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan>, & po<lb></lb>tentia mobilis, cùm quieſcat. </s> <s>Quod item opponit. </s> <s>Cùm pars à toto ſeparatur; non amplius frui for<lb></lb>ma totius: planè verum eſt, ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> iam diximus, vt habeat tum nouam aliquam formam; quapro<lb></lb>pter <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> corruptio fit ſine noua generatione, quemadmodum ipſe ſuſpicatus eſt. </s> <s>At abſurdum eſ<lb></lb>ſet, niſi fit ea forma <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, à diuerſis efficientib. eam produci. </s> <s>An, ò bone vir, habes tu pro abſurdo, <expan abbr="eũ-dem">eun<lb></lb>dem</expan> effectum à plurib. cauſsis proficiſci, quod tamen ab Ariſt. </s> <s>conceditur, <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> ſignificante ſanita<lb></lb>tem eſſe quæ fit à medico, à natura & caſu, vt ex aquæ frigidæ potu? </s> <s>Quòd poſtremò adſcribit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vnũ">Vnum</expan> <lb></lb>motum mobilis vnius eſſe. </s> <s>fugiamus hîc Latinorum ineptias, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> fateamur, vnum eſſe mobile, quod <lb></lb>viuens è turri pręcipitatur & occidit in ſublimi. </s> <s>eſt verò vnum; quia ſpectanda eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> per quam fer<lb></lb>tur deorſum, & initia motus illius, huiuſmodi verò <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> petuntur ab vnius elementi prædominio, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>in viuo <expan abbr="mortuoq́">mortuoque</expan>. </s> <s>idem ſeruatur. </s> <s>quamobrem <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſt ratio <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>motus initia in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> & mix<lb></lb>tum illud quod tale eſt, idem eſt, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>mobile idem: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt aliàs dictum eſt, ſat fuerit, ſi <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὑποστάν</foreign><lb></lb>& ſuppoſitum fuerit vnum. </s> <s>Hæc certè ita ſunt: quanquam ſcrupulus quidam ex ipſiusmet philoſo<lb></lb>phi verbis hæret adhuc in animis noſtris: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſe ſpecificas differentias ab organis ſumi docuit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3493"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt bipes, alatum; & cętera id genus. </s> <s>at differentię ſunt ipſęmet formæ, aut ſaltem ſignificant formas. <lb></lb></s> <s>quocirca <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> organorum videntur eſſe peculiares quædam formæ. </s> <s>Verùm nos ad hæc ita reſponde<lb></lb>mus; id facere Ariſt. </s> <s>vel quia potentiæ quæ ſibi vendicant illa organa, ſunt ignotæ, notiora <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> orga<lb></lb>na: quapropter accipit à notis eas differentias, quæ potius veras imitantur, quàm quae verę ſint. </s> <s>atque <lb></lb>ita fert opinio <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>. </s> <s>Vel ſecundò dicamus, eas eſſe differentias materiæ ſenſilis quæ in rerum natura<lb></lb>lium definitione ſumi debet. </s> <s>amplectatur <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> volet; poſterior mihi magis Ariſtotelica vide<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ex his manet firma reprehenſio Platonis. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partes ipſę peculiarem generationis <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3494"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aſſecutæ ſint propter præcipuum & germanum quendam <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, quo ſunt, quem aſſecuta ſunt à na<lb></lb>tura; de illis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fuerat diſputandum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oſtendendum, vt cum toto generantur; & quemadmodum <lb></lb>à toto ſecretam generationem adepta ſunt; id quod cùm Plato neglexerit, iure optimo ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>accuſatus eſt. </s> <s>Sic ergo conſtat, partium formas ad futuram diſputationem nullum habituras eſſe <lb></lb>momentum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3484"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3485"></margin.target>a Meteor. <lb></lb></s> <s>2. de part. <lb></lb>animal.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3486"></margin.target>b 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3487"></margin.target>c T. c. 59.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3488"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3489"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3490"></margin.target>d 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3491"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3492"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3493"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3494"></margin.target>a 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Recitantur opiniones aliorum de multitudine formarum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3495"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3495"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AD reliqua nunc properamus; ad quorum <expan abbr="tollendã">tollendam</expan> prolixitatem paucis illud repetiiſſe præſta<lb></lb>bit, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex hoc inanis quædam multiplicatio formarum, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> importunè Iandunus inculca<lb></lb>uit, poterit facilè profligari. </s> <s>eſt verò huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Quæ ſunt ad vnum, non prędicari in quid eſt de ſub<lb></lb>iectis, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non poſſe ſignificare nob. </s> <s>aliquas formas <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ab vniuocis indicantur; <lb></lb>quo fiet, vt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi plures formas in vno compoſito ſtatuamus, non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> fingamus formas, quæ à <expan abbr="cõmuni-bus">communi<lb></lb>bus</expan> ad vnum ſignificentur, quæ nuſquam profectò extent. </s> <s>Cęterùm, vt totius quæſtionis ſtatum me<lb></lb>lius teneamus; ſcire oportet, formas inter ſe varium ordinem obtinere, nam cùm ex his quędam ſim<lb></lb>plices ſint, cuiuſmodi quattuor elementorum formæ: quædam ſint formæ <expan abbr="miſtorũ">miſtorum</expan>, quattuor <expan abbr="elemẽ-tis">elemen<lb></lb>tis</expan>: rurſus è formis aliquæ ſint <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan>, nunnullæ ſpeciales, hunc habent <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> inter ſe: nam mixtis ſim<lb></lb>plices ſupponuntur. </s> <s>prætereà ſeu ſimplices, ſeu mixtæ fuerint, quędam ad alias inſtitutæ ſunt, atque <lb></lb>eum in <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, vt per <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> totius accedant, ſicuti forma vini ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> aceti ſe ha<lb></lb>bet, <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſimplices ex ſe viciſsim fiunt, vt forma ignis & terræ; vel <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> perfici per illas poſ<lb></lb>ſint, quas vti vias ad illas quæ perfectiores ſunt, optimè cenſueris, <expan abbr="quẽadmodum">quenadmodum</expan> vapor & exhalatio <lb></lb>viæ ſunt ad elementa, aut ſemen ad animal & plantam: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iterum ex mixtis ſimplices fiunt per re</s></p> <pb pagenum="585"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3496"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſolutionem, quando <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> habeant <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> ad alias formas, ſed in elementa neceſſariò diſſoluantur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita ſe habent <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan> ad ſpeciales, vt ſint generatione priores: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> prius in nob. </s> <s>alens animus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſen<lb></lb>tiens ſeſe prodit; & hic rationi pręcedit. </s> <s>De formis illis è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aliæ fiunt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſint in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> gradu, ſimpli<lb></lb>ces ſint, ſiue mixtæ, nulla controuerſia eſt: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuperſtites ſunt, cùm ſint <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> pacto contrarię, <lb></lb>ſicut olim docuimus. </s> <s>ſed de illis eſt vniuerſa diſputatio inter quas ordo originis intercedit, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> ſimplices ſe habent ad mixtas, & <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan> ad ſpeciales, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> virtutes in re facta remanere ſo<lb></lb>lent. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò formæ <expan abbr="elemẽtorũ">elementorum</expan> ſuperſint in mixtis, ſedulò poſthàc exponemus, interim eiuſ<lb></lb>modi principia ſtatuamus in noſtra quæſtione, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> occaſio non præbeatur impediendi rationes <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="alterutrã">alterutram</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> problematis illius afferri poſſent. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> hoc examinandum relinquitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtrũ">Vtrum</expan> <lb></lb>in generatione remaneant <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> formæ <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan> à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> genera denominantur, quæ in quid eſt, de re geni<lb></lb>ta dicuntur; & vtrùm in ipſa ſint formæ quæ per genera illius rei ſignificantur, vt <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> prius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>fiat homo, eſt planta, deinde animal: an'ne <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> factus homo eſt, in eo ſuperſtites ſint forma animalis, <lb></lb>& plantæ. </s> <s>Multas formas in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiecto conſiſtere putauit Iandunus. </s> <s>Aſſeruit D. Tho<lb></lb>mas, <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> compoſitum ex vnica tantùm materia & vnica forma conſtare. </s> <s>proptereà ſolùm vltimam <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> verè exiſtere, ſed in ea reliquas ſuperiores virtute contineri, hoc eſt, vltimam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> om<lb></lb>nib. numeris abſolutam quæ eſt ſpecialis, munera <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <expan abbr="cõium">conium</expan> obire poſſe quæ quidem <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3497"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nudam informaret, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nudam relinqueret, cùm idem foret inſtans, quo antecedens aboleretur, <lb></lb>& ſuccederet conſequens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc breuiter de illorum ſententiis allata ſint, mox ſingulas rationes <lb></lb>explorabimus: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſatis hæc eſſe ducimus in pręſentia, vt inde facilius veritatem colligere queamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dico igitur, ſi ita exiſtimauit Iandunus, eſſe multas formas in compoſito, quæ omnes eſſentiam <expan abbr="vſ-quequaq.">vſ<lb></lb>quequaque</expan> compleant, ipſum decipi; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod eſt vnum, eſt huiuſmodi per <expan abbr="vnicã">vnicam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ve<lb></lb>luti Socrates per vnam <expan abbr="tm̃">tamen</expan> formam vnus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſatis eſt, ſi ita <expan abbr="rñdeatur">respondeatur</expan> quod faciunt <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> dicen<lb></lb>tes, <expan abbr="Socratẽ">Socratem</expan> non <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> vnum <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> eſſe, ſed <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="aĩal">ainal</expan>, vnum viuens, & vnum corpus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="aĩal">ainal</expan> per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="aĩalis">ainalis</expan>: & ſic de cęteris. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt actu, eſt <expan abbr="hõ">homo</expan>, ergo vna tan<lb></lb>tùm eſt <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> forma, nec plures. </s> <s>Sententia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> D. Thomæ laborat quibuſdam difficultatib. <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>probandum eſt à nobis libro ſequente accidentia <expan abbr="cõia">conia</expan> conſequi <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ſubiectum, <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt per for<lb></lb>mam <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>: <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non vna forma eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poſtrema in vno compoſito, ſed plures. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> propter re<lb></lb>rum pondus, <expan abbr="auctorumq́">auctorumque</expan>. </s> <s>exiſtimationem diſceptatio conuenienda non eſt. </s> <s>attende obſecro quibus <lb></lb>rationib. fretus, hanc partem problematis approbauerim; multę <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt ad manus, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nonmodò <lb></lb>ad illorum ſententiam conuellendam, ſed ad noſtram <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> confirmandam probè vti valeamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Specta primùm prædicationem, ex qua <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> enunciatio, tum rationem & methodum definiendi: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3498"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mox iudicium ex functionib. ab Ariſt. </s> <s>de rerum ſubſtantia latum. </s> <s>Poſtremò naturæ progreſſum; <lb></lb>videbis <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſecum congruere, & nobiſcum facere. </s> <s>Dicimus igitur primùm; <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> verè dici poſſe ho<lb></lb>minem eſſe animal. </s> <s>Nam quia vera eſt, vt dici ſolet, enunciatio, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> res eſt; & ſub <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> tem<lb></lb>pore fiat, ita vera eſt; quia fuit tempus, aut erit, quo verùm fuit, aut erit dicere homo eſt animal. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nũc">Nunc</expan> <lb></lb>planè dicere non licèt <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> eſſe animal; iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> animal amplius non eſt, ſed neque olim dum fiebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>quia dum fiebat homo, erat quidem animal, ſed non homo. </s> <s><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> homo factus eſt, non eſt amplius <lb></lb>animal: ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> contingeret, vt ſubiectum prius prędicato non eſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò poſſet obiicere quiſ<lb></lb>piam poteſtatem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> logicam appellant .i. </s> <s>non repugnantiam terminorum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> attribuere veri<lb></lb>tatem huic enuntiationi; quia tametſi non inſit <expan abbr="prędicatũ">prędicatum</expan> in hoc ſubiecto, nihilominus ineſſe poſsit, <lb></lb>dicimus hos terminos eſſe <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> repugnantes, iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio animalis ab hominis ratione ſeiungitur al<lb></lb>tera pereunte. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter euenire, àc ſiquis <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> & <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> coniungat: & hæc vnà conſiſtere opinetur; <lb></lb>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formæ quæ ſibi ſuccedunt in materia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alterna priuatione coniunctę quapropter <foreign lang="grc">ἀσύστατα</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fortè reſpondebis. </s> <s>Cùm dicitur <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> eſſe animal, ſic intelligi, quia quod poſtea fuit homo, prius <lb></lb>erat animal. </s> <s>ſed nec ſic dicere licet. </s> <s>Nam quæro de hoc ipſo, neceſſe eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt aliquid illi ſupponatur, <lb></lb>& id aut actu quippiam, aut poteſtate; ac ſi actu fuerit, tum duo actus vnà conſiſtent, quod ipſi ne<lb></lb>gant, aut ſi penitus eſt poteſtas; <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> prædicatio de materia fiet. </s> <s>Ita ſuperiora omnia non de inferiori<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3499"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus, nec genus de ſpecie, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſpecies de indiuiduis, niſi ineptè admodùm prędicabitur. </s> <s>ſiquidem in <lb></lb>illis actus quidam eluceat, & ſint <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, proptereà quae de illis aliquid prædicetur, inerit cauſſa ma<lb></lb>teriæ. </s> <s>ergo cùm eodem modo ſubalterna prædicentur de inferiorib. quo de illis ſuperiora prædican<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> enim prædicatio eſt vt de ſubiecto, prędicatio & quiditas à materia ſumetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſi de <lb></lb>animali corpus, vt de materia, & animal de homine vt materia prædicabitur, & cùm materia ſecun<lb></lb>dùm nomen non prædicetur; non erit vniuoca prædicatio ſuperiorum de inferioribus. </s> <s><expan abbr="pręterq̃">pręterquae</expan> quòd <lb></lb>actus ille eſt, vnde prędicatio ſumitur. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ſcientia illò dirigetur, vt ſciamus quid materia ſit, & pro <lb></lb>eo quod negatione cognoſcitur, & per analogiam; recta prędicatione <expan abbr="explicabit̃">explicabitur</expan>, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> poſitis ruet, <lb></lb>vt vides, vniuerſa methodus dialectica; & multa Ariſt. </s> <s>iudicia de notitia & explicatione materiæ tol<lb></lb>lentur. </s> <s>Ergo & hic homo eſt homo & animal. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> dicere licet <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc per vnam ho<lb></lb>minis formam, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> ipſius forma ſecluſa cognoſcere poſſum hoc eſſe animal, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eò, quae mouetur, eſſe <lb></lb>corpus, vt fit, cùm ipſum eminus agitari cernimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> debet quiſpiam ſuſpicari ab <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> forma ſe<lb></lb>uocatis accidentib. quæ ſunt indiuidui propria, genus colligi, aut animal vniuerſale. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> homo ſo<lb></lb>lus colligitur ab his hominib. & animal ab hoc & illo animali, & <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ab iis ſingularib. <pb pagenum="586"></pb>quæ addito charactere illo pronominis demonſtratiui, <foreign lang="grc">τό δε τί</foreign> .i. </s> <s>hoc aliquid ſignificantur. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3500"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concedunt <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> interpretes differentias obtinere <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> formæ. </s> <s>& Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe dum explicat nobis genus <lb></lb>cauſſæ formalis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> genera collocat in eodem ordine. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cum in dialectica, tum in prima <lb></lb>philoſophia diuerſum ordinem facit generis & differentiæ, ex quo perſpici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in altero non <lb></lb>contineri ſicuti partem, cuius actus extinguatur, & ab altero ſuppleri queat. </s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> defini<lb></lb>tio & eſſentia dicuntur eſſe difformes. </s> <s>Prætereà non rarò fit, vt multę differentiæ <expan abbr="requirant̃">requirantur</expan> ad vnius <lb></lb>rei definitionem, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex Ariſtotelico pręcepto: <expan abbr="neq́">neque</expan>. </s> <s>id ſolùm accidit, quia propriis rerum differentiis <lb></lb>careamus, ſed à rei natura proficiſcitur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi plura differentiarum paria inter ſe diſiuncta, quę <lb></lb>dialectici diſperata vocant, ad vnicum genus diuidendum concurrant, <expan abbr="illorumq́">illorumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="pariũ">parium</expan> <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> <expan abbr="cõmi-ſceantur">commi<lb></lb>ſceantur</expan>: veluti expes & multipes, <expan abbr="brutũ">brutum</expan> & <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan>; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> ſpecies quæ ſimul <lb></lb>habent <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> paris membrum, ita vt dicere nequeas, è brutis quædam expeda ſunt, alia pedes ha<lb></lb>bent: & omnia tùm habentia, tùm carentia pedib. ad bruta referre: ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> è rationis compotib. quę <lb></lb>quædam pedes habent: in his docuit Ariſt. </s> <s>definitioni alterum membrum è ſingulis parib. <expan abbr="adhibẽ-dum">adhiben<lb></lb>dum</expan> quæ item inter ſe nullum ordinem pręſeferant, vt <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> vltimo loco pronuntiato nihil re<lb></lb>ferat ad explicationem ipſius quid eſt: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id nonmodò <expan abbr="præceptũ">præceptum</expan>, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="obſeruatũ">obſeruatum</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſe perſpicimus, qui tametſi vox ab omnib. aliis ſonis eo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> diſcreparet, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> animi notiones ſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3501"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gnificare poſſet; at <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> adiecit alias differentias, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> à cęteris ſonis ſigillatim diſtingueretur. </s> <s>& ſi ad <lb></lb>regulas definitionum tradendas Mathematica valent: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> è definitione circuli perſuadetur, <lb></lb>in qua poſtrema differentia cum circulo ípſo <expan abbr="cõmeat">commeat</expan> & reciprocatur. </s> <s>nullius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alterius figuræ pro<lb></lb>prium eſt, habere lineas quæ à centro ad circunferentiam ductæ ſint æquales: & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> aliæ differentiæ <lb></lb>anteponuntur. </s> <s>Quòd cùm ita ſit; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> confutatur D. Thomas qui vnam formam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem po<lb></lb>ſtremam in compoſito eſſe cenſet. </s> <s>Quamobrem illud dictum <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> falſum quo poſteriorem differen<lb></lb>tiam reliquas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> antecedentes virtute continere decernitur: nam ſicuti ſunt nonnullæ differentiæ <lb></lb>quæ non continentur in aliis; ita ſunt quædam formæ quæ in aliis contineri non poſſunt. </s> <s>Et ſi quan<lb></lb>do dixit Ariſt. </s> <s>ſuperiorem differentiam in inferiore contineri, non id abſolutè pronunciauit; ſed eas <lb></lb>differentias accepit, quas ipſe <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ συνέχειαν</foreign>, id eſt, ſecundùm continuationem vocat, cuiuſmodi <lb></lb>illæ ſunt quæ per alias differentias diuiduntur, veluti pedeſtre per bipes & multipes, per quadrupes. <lb></lb></s> <s>& centipes; vnde qui pronunciat quadrupes, multipes ſimul & pedeſtre ſignificat. </s> <s>Quare ne <expan abbr="cõmit-tatur">commit<lb></lb>tatur</expan> nugatio, ſiquis dicat animal <expan abbr="habẽs">habens</expan> pedes multipes quadrupes, aut contrà quadrupes multipes <lb></lb>pedeſtre, ſolùm iis vocib. definitio contenta eſt; animal <expan abbr="brutũ">brutum</expan> quadrupes, & ad brutum quadrupes <lb></lb>adiungitur, aut contrà. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> hæ differentiæ inter ſe ordinem connexionemúe non habent: aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3502"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neri idem valebit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iungi & terminari, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> libro 5. narrauimus: id quod ſolùm poſtre<lb></lb>ma differentia pręſtabit; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> accedente illa tum definitio abſoluta eſt, & vniuerſa rei eſſentia pa<lb></lb>tefacta. </s> <s>Huc accedit quòd ſi definitio affertur, vt explicat omnia principia quę in reipſa repetiuntur: <lb></lb>explicat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per genus formam <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>, per differentiam verò formam propriam, ergo forma commu<lb></lb>nis inerit in definitione ſimul cum propria, aliter nil explicaret definitio, & id afferret, quod <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb>fuit, aut erit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ex ea & definito fieri poſſet vna enuntiatio vera: & <expan abbr="enũciatio">enunciatio</expan> quæ per ſe vera eſſe <lb></lb>deberet (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> demonſtrationis <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan>) multò minus eſſet vera, quàm concluſio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id, propter <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> tale eſt, eſſet magis tale, contrà quàm ab Ariſt. </s> <s>in eodem explicando propoſito decre<lb></lb>tum fuerit, tum 1. Poſt. tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> 2. Met. Conſequitur verò id neceſſariò cùm vera ſit enunciatio <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> res <lb></lb>eſt; ſed eſt concluſio; quia prædicatum, quod eſt demonſtrabile, & accidens; verè ineſt in ſubiecto, ne<lb></lb>que <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formam ſubiecti ſuperueniens demolitur, aut veluti <expan abbr="repugnãs">repugnans</expan> ab ea repudiatur; & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> proba<lb></lb>tur per enunciationes quæ nonmodò minus eſſent verę, quàm concluſio, ſed fortè <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> falſæ. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="q̃-uis">qua<lb></lb>uis</expan> ſeparare genus à forma ſit mentis officium, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> non efficit aliquid de nouo mens ſeparans: ſed id <lb></lb>quod cum altero intricatum erat, ſine illo percipit ſolùm. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi tibi placeat formarum expli<lb></lb>catrices eſſe differentias, ex his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> complures à materia ſenſili ſumuntur. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſine controuerſia <lb></lb>remanet in re genita: planum quae <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> formæ quæ per illiuſmodi genus <expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan> ſignificantur, in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3503"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re genita ſuperſunt. </s> <s>& quis in gallo bipes eſſe negauerit? </s> <s>Num in rationis impote contineri dicet, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>diſiungi poſsint, & eſſe rationis impos ſine bipede, & contrà ſine rationis impote bipes? </s> <s>Neſcio quo<lb></lb>que videre, niſi plura principia, quæ ad eſſentiam pertinent, definitione & differentiis plurib. expli<lb></lb>centur, quid afferat <expan abbr="cõmodi">commodi</expan> pręceptum illud. </s> <s>Ne in differentiis in definitione ordinandis aliquas prę<lb></lb>tergrediamur. </s> <s>Non poſſum quoque coniicere quorſum euadat illud Theorema de 2. p. </s> <s>p. in cauſsis <lb></lb>formalibus non eſſe proceſſum in infinitum, ex eo, quae prædicata in quid in immenſum non <expan abbr="excreſcũt">excreſcunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi fuerit vnum ſolùm id quod occupat locum formæ, vana profectò quæſtio fuerit. </s> <s>Signum eſt <lb></lb>igitur totidem eſſe formas in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, quot ſunt prædicata in quid. </s> <s>Adde & hoc. </s> <s>Ea per <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alte<lb></lb>rum conueniunt cum aliquo, per <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> diſcrepant, ſecum differunt. </s> <s>Sed homini & equo per anima<lb></lb>lis formam conuenit, per propriam inter ſe diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>Ergo non ſunt eædem formæ hominis, & <lb></lb>animalis, equi & animalis. </s> <s>Sed hæc ſatis. </s> <s><pb pagenum="587"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3504"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3496"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3497"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3498"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3499"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3500"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3501"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3502"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3503"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3504"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliæ rationes afferuntur ad multitudinem formarum approbandam, & nostra ſententia <lb></lb>recitatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AD Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> confugiamus. </s> <s>Ipſe profectò iuſsit, vt de rei ſubſtantia perquiſituri functio<lb></lb>nes eius proprias obſeruaremus. </s> <s>Ergo ſi in homine vnus <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> animus exiſtit, non ſatis apparet, <lb></lb>quemadmodum brutæ functiones rationis <expan abbr="cõpote">compote</expan> feriante adminiſtrentur, & pręſertim ſi animus <lb></lb>immortalis eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> equidem veriſimile eſſe puto, & naturę <expan abbr="conſentaneũ">conſentaneum</expan>; ſiquid ſit quod & <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſit, & alienum, vt ſuo potius & natiuo, quàm alieno fungatur officio. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inſimulari natura poſſet, <lb></lb>vt curioſius ille ſenex cui obiectum fuiſſe legimus.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Tantum'ne eſt ab re tua otij tibi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliena vt cures, <expan abbr="eaq́ue">eaque</expan> quæ nihil ad te pertinent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ſui ipſius <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> ſollicitum cum primis eſt, ſeipſum ſuapte natura tuetur, quantum poteſt, ſi<lb></lb>bi ipſi placere ſtudet. </s> <s>ſed tum maximè pulchrum eſt, cùm eſt in officio. </s> <s>Tum deindè quod mouet na<lb></lb>turaliter, ita mouet, quia ſit actu, & ſecundùm actum illum qui eſt à ſe transferre in aliud, operetur: <lb></lb>hîc nihil illius proprium, nec aliud ad hoc, ac curioſa muneris alterius executio. </s> <s>Quinimmò non <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan> feriatur vna facultas, altera eſt in officio, ſed ſecum pugnant, & in contraria contendunt, vt in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3505"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continente perſpicuum eſt, pugna inter <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> & rationem exorta. </s> <s>Vix <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cogitatio capere poteſt <lb></lb>ab vna facultate duo contraria vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore proficiſci. </s> <s>ſit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facultas, ſiue habitus, qui contra<lb></lb>ria poſsint; at viciſsim <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> præſtabit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò eſt hoc iudicium noſtrum, ſed Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ipſius, vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3506"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>probat phantaſiam non eſſe ex ſenſu & opinione compoſitam ob id, quae ex pugnantibus in actu non <lb></lb>exiſtit vnum. </s> <s>Cùm igitur appetitus & ratio <expan abbr="pugnẽt">pugnent</expan>; ex his vnum fieri nullo modo poterit. </s> <s>Nam ex <lb></lb>quibus vnum fit, aliquid rationem actus obtineat oportet, cętera poteſtatis, & quod eſt poteſtate, ſi<lb></lb>let, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inſurgit cum victoria, aliter eſſet diſſolutio totius: & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> pugnam continuam appetitus & ra<lb></lb>tio committunt, vt ſuperet appetitus, & ſępe cohibeat, quemadmodum apparet in illa parte conſilij <lb></lb>quæ dicitur ſuſtentatio, vel irreſolutio. </s> <s>& qua ratione fieri poteſt, vt ſi appetitus officium ſit à <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan>, <lb></lb>idem ſibi ipſi non moliatur interitum? </s> <s>Prætereà doceri velim, qua ratione fieri poſsit vnum ex his <lb></lb>quorum officia ſe viciſsim perimunt: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> officium poſterioris extare neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>atqui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſem<lb></lb>per extat, & in animali ſic diſpoſita ſunt, vt cùm ratio pollet, alens ocietur, vbi rurſus vigeat alens, <lb></lb>ferietur intelligens. </s> <s>Sic igitur in Ethicis, & lib. de ſomno, diuerſas animi facultates oſtendit eſſe Phi<lb></lb>loſophus. </s> <s>Multò verò minus ex duob. </s> <s>quæ inter ſe perimant, vnum fieri probabile eſt, quàm ex cer<lb></lb>tantibus: etenim concertatio inſtituta eſt ad victoriam. </s> <s>Etiam pugna eſt inter actus ſecundos. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3507"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi nil vetat eos in vno ſubiecto conſiſtere, multò minus vetabit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſiſtere primos. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò te <expan abbr="cõ-moueant">con<lb></lb>moueant</expan> dicta Scaligeri, qui verens hanc formarum multitudinem in homine, veluti monſtrum & <lb></lb>Chimæram, affectus ab <foreign lang="grc">ἀλόγου</foreign> remouit, & contra iudicium Ariſt. </s> <s>in <foreign lang="grc">λογικῷ</foreign> collocauit ita ſophiſmo <lb></lb>ſe implicans. </s> <s>Si affectus <foreign lang="grc">ἐντῳ ἀλόγῳ</foreign>, ergo & vitia & virtutes. </s> <s>atqui virtutes nihil aliud ſunt, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>affectus temperati recta ratione. </s> <s>recta ratio eſt eſſentia virtutis. </s> <s>ergo & virtus in <foreign lang="grc">ἀλόγῳ</foreign> ergo & in <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀλόγῳ</foreign> recta ratio. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vidit in virtute geminas eſſe partes: alteram quæ poſita eſſet in commo<lb></lb>tione, cui non eſt obnoxia ratio, ſed appetitus: & alteram quæ terminum tali commotioni afferret, <lb></lb>quæ ratio foret. </s> <s>Ergo materialiter in <foreign lang="grc">ἀλόγῳ</foreign>, virtus, ſed ſecundùm formam in ratione, & cuius actus <lb></lb>apparet in <foreign lang="grc">ἀλόγῳ</foreign>, pendet nihilominus, vt ex ſua entelechia, ex ratione. </s> <s>Adde item <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae in animan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3508"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te ſunt varia principia motus. </s> <s>Sin, conſimilis eſſet perpetuò motus eius. </s> <s>atqui nonmodò partes cor<lb></lb>poris ab animo <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam, ſed contra naturam mouentur, quæ tamen mouentur ab animo, <lb></lb>& ſecundùm animum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò mouetur animal ſecundùm animum, vt dum ruit præceps animo <lb></lb>tamen inuito. </s> <s>Multum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tribuendum eſt naturæ progreſſui, quem in re conſimili ſpectare poſ<lb></lb>ſumus, vt niſi varietatis cauſſa afferri poſsit, idem <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> expectandum ſit. </s> <s>Docet Ariſt. </s> <s>Naturam ni<lb></lb>hil moliri cuius non ſit aliquis vſus; nec quicquam producere, vt productum confeſtim deſtruat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3509"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſimul contrarios motus exhibere; ſunt verò inter contrarios terminos. </s> <s>Cęterùm hîc cur animal <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3510"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gigneret, niſi ipſum conſeruari vellet? </s> <s>ſi etiam dum Ariſto & Phęnareta gignunt Platonem, gignunt <lb></lb>animal, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan>, & homo eſt non animal; ſimul ergo generant animal, & non animal; quod <lb></lb>fieri nequit. </s> <s>Docuimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuprà in qualibet mutatione eſſe <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> mutata quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> reliquis ſuperue<lb></lb>nientib. conſiſtunt, vt fundamenta <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> parietib. quæ non ſunt <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> rationis <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eo toto quod poſtea <lb></lb><expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> fuit. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi fit non animal, aut non planta, ibi mors erit, hîc, vel exiccatio, vel marcor: ſic fę<lb></lb>tus non ſemel in vtero morietur & renaſcetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſufficiet, opinor, ſi fortè dixeris <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="mor-tẽ">mor<lb></lb>tem</expan>, quia ſuccedat alia forma, quę gerat vices prioris. </s> <s>Tùm quia, percunctabor animal, nec'ne, <expan abbr="poſtquã">poſtquam</expan> <lb></lb>factus fuerit homo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſi eſt animal: ergo plures formæ, ſi minus, ergo corruptio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt à capite <expan abbr="cõ-plures">con<lb></lb>plures</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>auctoritates accerſam. </s> <s>Eſt locus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> apud Ariſtotelem, quo perſpicuè plures animi <lb></lb>partes, <expan abbr="eędemq́">eędemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimul in corpore ineſſe ponuntur: inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Quòd ſi hæc vegetalis anima eſt, ea<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3511"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem quæ generet <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>natura <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> eſt inſita, & in plantis & in animalib. omnib. Cęterę <lb></lb>animę partes aliis inſunt, aliis deſunt animalib.” Manifeſtè igitur aſſerit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <expan abbr="vegetã">vegetam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliàs <lb></lb>in eodem animali ſimul eſſe. </s> <s>ac veriſimile eſt hanc <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> in viuente remanere, quae illius opera neceſ<lb></lb>ſaria ſunt quæ ab aliis animab. </s> <s>præſtari non poſſunt, quæ non ſunt inſitæ in corpore, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiam <pb pagenum="588"></pb>poſsident, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> vegeta. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> dicere licet rationis <expan abbr="cõpotem">compotem</expan> eius fungi munerib. <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> in gene<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3512"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratione hominis officium nullum rationis ipſius compotis eſt, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa ſibi ſimile facit, nec in<lb></lb>feriores producit, adeſt tamen officium vegetæ; quin potius alterutrius officio vacante, alterius con<lb></lb>tinuò viget. </s> <s>Addamus & locum Septimi Met. quo mulum ab eo vniuoco produci teſtatur <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> equo <lb></lb>& aſino <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ineſt. </s> <s>Addo item <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> eiuſdem Ariſt. </s> <s>cùm 7. Phyſ. vbi diuerſis affectionib. <lb></lb></s> <s>obnoxium animal eſſe docuit, & inanimi propriis, & animati. </s> <s><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> 9. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quo in animato teſtatus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3513"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, ineſſe duplex <expan abbr="poteſtatũ">poteſtatum</expan> genus ratione <expan abbr="vtẽtium">vtentium</expan> & rationis expertium, Ipſe verò paullò ante T. 3. <lb></lb>monuerat ratione præditas eſſe ſolas eſſe, non à natura, ſed ab <expan abbr="aĩo">animo</expan>, reliquas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quæ naturales ſunt, <lb></lb>à natura, quam non ſanè materiam; ſed formam habendam eſſe perſuadeor, cùm facultates illæ ſint <lb></lb>actuoſæ. </s> <s>Mitto verò cauſſam quam tradit Ariſt. </s> <s>cur interdum filij parentib. ſimiles euadant, nonnun<lb></lb>quam homines ſolùm, & aliquando animalia <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> omnib. liquet plures formas in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõ-poſito">con<lb></lb>poſito</expan> manere poſſe. </s> <s>Sed illud adiiciendum puto; quae etſi multę formę poſſunt in compoſito reperi<lb></lb>ri, nihilominus reliquæ <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, & ſi per ſe ipſas formæ ſunt; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ad ſuppoſitum <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> perfectum locum ma<lb></lb>terię occupant, ea quæ poſtremò aduenit, forma eſt, quæ item ſi per differentiam ſignificatur, ſicut in<lb></lb>ter differentias illas diſperatas ordo non eſt; & quælibet ex illis, ſi poſtremo loco afferatur, definitio<lb></lb>nis curſui nihil obſtabit. </s> <s>conſtat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa ſit ex iis quæ per tales differentias ſignificatur, vlti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3514"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mam eſſe poſſe, & eſſe ſpecificum exhibere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab ea quæ vltimò pronunciatur, & definitio com<lb></lb>pletur, & proficiſcitur eſſe <expan abbr="ſpecificũ">ſpecificum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed quia ſpecies continet materiam, nos verò agimus de forma; <lb></lb>& è differentiis nonnullę petuntur à materia, his omiſsis de illis <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> diſſeramus quæ indicant for<lb></lb>mam. </s> <s>Hęc vetus ſententia fuit interpretum Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt exordiar ab Alexandro, vt clarè patet <lb></lb>2. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 24. ipſe materiam <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> <expan abbr="compoſitorũ">compoſitorum</expan>, non <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed hoc aliquid eſſe voluit. <lb></lb></s> <s>& 2. de An. c. 9. corpus naturale ſimplicium genus eſſe docuit, cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dicit attribui ſuum ipſius <lb></lb>quid eſt, quod definitione explicatur. </s> <s>Themiſtius item in digreſsione 3. de An. multas formas inter <lb></lb>ſe ordinem habentes approbauit quarum vna materię <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> obtinetet, altera formę: ex quo <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vt mens agens appellata ſit forma formarum. </s> <s>cui .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> reliquæ formæ ſubſternerentur, & ſerui<lb></lb>rent, veluti reliqua inſtrumenta corporea manib. vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> manus ipſa inſtrumentum <expan abbr="inſtrumentorũ">inſtrumentorum</expan> <lb></lb>appellata fuerit. </s> <s>Hoc egregiè declaratum fuiſſe ſcimus à Philopono, dum explicaret hanc vocem <lb></lb>ſubiectum. </s> <s>inquit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>. </s> <s>Dictum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & rectè <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan>: &ldquoquae genera differentiis in generatione pręcedunt, <lb></lb>& cum ipſis poſt generationem conſiſtunt. </s> <s>In generatione <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hominis in materia primò fit corpus, <lb></lb>deinde huic ſubiecto, vt ſecundę materię, animal accedit: & huic iterum, vt propinquiori materiæ <lb></lb>humana forma.” Vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materiæ rationem genera ad differentias habere dixit Porphyrius. </s> <s>Hæc Phi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3515"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loponus: <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> adde tu, ſi materia remanet, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>diſtincta, ſi non re, ſaltem <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> à forma: ergo & ge<lb></lb>nera ſuperiora <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> remanent à forma diſtincta. </s> <s>Eiuſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententię fuit Simplicius, qui in ani<lb></lb>mali ponit materiam partes vniformes; attamen non ſunt materia ſimpliciter, nec omnibus modis <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">αῤῥύθμιστον</foreign>, & numeris <expan abbr="modoq́">modoque</expan>. </s> <s>carens, ſed qudammodo. </s> <s>Ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Auerroes, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi exponit quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3516"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tupliciter aliquid ex alio fieri dicatur, inter multas huius termini notiones, hanc affert: quando id, <lb></lb>ex quo aliquid fieri dicitur, habeat eſſe ſuum in actu, propter quod à nobiliore forma perfici <expan abbr="idoneũ">idoneum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>& affert exemplum nutrientis, quę eſt in potentia ad ſentientem. </s> <s>Verùm ſubiicit, in ea re plures <lb></lb>eſſe actus vel, quae idcirco dictum eſſe crediderim, quia forma nobilior perfectius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubiectum po<lb></lb>ſtulat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit materia prima, vel quae finem reſpexerit, quo natura ſuas dirigit actiones. </s> <s>imperfectum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>in perfectius ordinatur. </s> <s>id verò per ea verba ſignificauit, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> has formas in actu eſſe teſtatus eſt, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <lb></lb>ſint aptæ perfici à forma præſtantiore. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt abſolutè in actu propter hoc, ſed ſunt in actu ob <lb></lb>id, vt præſtantiorem formam ſuſcipere poſsint: <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo interpretari debemus id, quod ipſe <lb></lb>in eodem volumine multò antè pronunciarat, nimirum, quae actus poſteriores in cauſſa ſunt, cur prio<lb></lb>res exiſtant: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa ſunt, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> formæ, vt .ſ. </s> <s>per eiuſmodi actus anteriores ſubſiſtant; vtputa ani<lb></lb>mal non eſt per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> hominis, ſed propter illum videlicet animal eſt, vt hominis formam recipere <lb></lb>queat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> animal non inuenitur, quod materiæ deſiderium expleat per ſe; licet <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> ab om<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3517"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ni forma ſpecifica ſeiunctum ſit; ſed perpetuo ſub quadam animalis ſpecie conſiſtit, & natum <expan abbr="aptũ">aptum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt ad eam conſequendam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> veriſimile eſt ſic accipi dicta Auerrois, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item cum rerum natu<lb></lb>ra concordat, formas iſtas <expan abbr="cõiores">coniores</expan> & præcedentes, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> proxenetas, qui conglutinent homines inter ſe <lb></lb>ſtipulantes & vendentes, & inito contractu diſcedant; ſic interuenire, vt formam perfectiorem cum <lb></lb>materia componant: mox è medio tolli. </s> <s>in cęteris <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cernimus eas quæ affectiones præuiæ nominan<lb></lb>tur, non interire; ſed vna cum forma noua conſeruari. </s> <s>Et cum pro Auerroe in hanc ſententiam ab ali<lb></lb>quib. viris doctiſsimis eius factionis ſcriptum fuiſſe videam; minus mihi intelligo in eius confirma<lb></lb>tione eſſe laborandum. </s> <s>Ac ſi ita dixerimus, optimè interpretari poterimus Ariſtotelis dictum, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Ita ſe habere facultatem alentem ad ſenſum, in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſiſtere, quemadmodum trigo<lb></lb>num in tetragono: atqui trigonum per ſe forma eſt, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> materia ſit tetragoni, quippe cùm ſit eius <lb></lb>pars, & habet in tetragono trigonum lineas, & angulos actu diſtinctos, & à lineis & angulis <expan abbr="quadrã-guli">quadran<lb></lb>guli</expan> ſegregatos. </s> <s>Sed vide <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tu hanc opinionem ab Auerroe <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> defenſam, qui ſemel, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iterum teſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3518"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus ſit de animab. </s> <s>quaſdam illarum eſſe ſubiectum quarundam. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> etiam mirum in modum re<lb></lb>ſpondet dictis Ariſtotelicis: qui 7. Met. conſtituit genus eſſe partem formę: ſicut ergo pars non in <pb pagenum="589"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3519"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terit, ſed remanet in toto, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>variat actum quo eſt, quem formalem vocamus, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de ge<lb></lb>nere dicemus. </s> <s>Auerroës <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diſſerens. </s> <s>Vtrùm remaneant elementa in mixto ad illud argumentum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3520"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod in ſe ipſum conſtruxerat, nimirùm. </s> <s>Omne recipiens eſſe oportere ſpoliatum à natura rei reci<lb></lb>piendę. </s> <s>Ergo opus eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materiam carrere omni forma ſubſtantiæ, vt aliam aſſumere valeat, vt for<lb></lb>mam mixti. </s> <s>Reſpondet non oportere ipſum denudari à toto genere recepti, ſed à natura ſpecifica <expan abbr="tã-tùm">tan<lb></lb>tùm</expan>. </s> <s>Sed rurſus contra ea quæ dixerat inſurgens opponit. </s> <s>Si ita ſit. </s> <s>& materies igitur, cùm ſit ſub a<lb></lb>quæ forma, poterit adhuc formam ignis aſſumere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in fine com. </s> <s>exponens eam propoſitionem <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> decernit recipiens oportere eſſe <expan abbr="ſpoliatũ">ſpoliatum</expan> omni forma eiuſdem ordinis <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>generis phy<lb></lb>ſici, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab omni forma alterius ordinis, vt ſi fuerit forma generis remoti. </s> <s>Quare perſpicuum eſt <lb></lb>& Auerroëm <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cum Græcis in hoc theoremate conſenſiſſe. </s> <s>Ex his quæ hactenus enarrata ſunt; <lb></lb>hæc <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> corollaria colligamus. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, cùm hæ generales & <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> formæ ad ſuperio<lb></lb>res formas accipiendas natura comparatæ ſint: reuera non efficere hoc aliquid, ſed hoc poſtremis pro<lb></lb>priè tributum eſſe, quæ ſunt abſolutæ: ex quo efficitur, vt diſtinguere valeamus formas in eas quæ <lb></lb>faciunt hoc aliquid, quia per illas reſpondeamus interrogati quid eſt, & prædicantur in quid ſub no<lb></lb>mine generum, quę ſunt veluti denominatiua quædam à <expan abbr="cõmunib">communib</expan>. </s> <s>illis formis deducta, & eas quæ <lb></lb>rem in actu abſoluto conſtituunt: huiuſmodi verò ſunt illę quę ſpecies ſpecialiſsimas complent. </s> <s>De<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3521"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inde, quia dictum eſt formas ſuperiores accipere conditiones materiæ & in eius naturam quodam<lb></lb>modo tranſire, adnotandum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt eas euariari pro ratione diuerſarum formarum quas ipſæ ſub<lb></lb>eunt, & à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> perficiuntur: etenim materia per ſe quòd ſit hoc aliquid, beneficio formæ conſecu<lb></lb>ta eſt: vt ergo formæ ipſæ variantur, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in materiæ ratione varietatem fieri neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>ſic igi<lb></lb>tur non eſt idem animal, quod fit equus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod fit homo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id ab Ariſt. </s> <s>prætermiſſum fuit, <lb></lb>qui Pręd. </s> <s>cap. </s> <s>de ſubſtantia docuerit alio modo accedere contraria ſubſtantiæ àc cęteris. </s> <s>nam <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan> ſic illa admittit; vt vna numerò ſeruetur; at color idem numero non eſt albus & niger: ergo no<lb></lb>uę formæ acceſsione mutatur. </s> <s>Poſtremò ex accidentib. quædam ſunt <expan abbr="cõia">conia</expan>, quædam propria: de iis <lb></lb>quæ propria ſunt, optimè dici poſſe, quòd formam conſequantur, quia ab vltima forma, quæ verè <lb></lb>forma eſt, emànent. </s> <s>De communib. verò quòd materiæ comitentur: non quòd in materia proximè <lb></lb>infigantur; ſed quia ſequuntur illas formas communes, quæ in generatione ipſa, & rei conſtitutio<lb></lb>ne materiæ rationem ſibi vendicarunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3505"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3506"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 158.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3507"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3508"></margin.target>b 9 primæ <lb></lb>p.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3509"></margin.target>c 8 Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3510"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3511"></margin.target>d 2. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3512"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3513"></margin.target>a T. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3514"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3515"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3516"></margin.target>b Tr. 3. <lb></lb>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3517"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3518"></margin.target>c 2. Sen. <lb></lb></s> <s>An. Tt. </s> <s>cc. <lb></lb></s> <s>89. 92.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3519"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3520"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 67.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3521"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondemus ad obiectiones quæ à Thomiſtis afferuntur de multitudine <lb></lb>formarum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3522"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3522"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX dictis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> via facilè patet ad ea tollenda quæ contra formarum multitudinem à D. Thoma, & <lb></lb>ab aliis, cum eius ſectæ viris & veterib. & iunioribus, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab aliis aliarum partium patro<lb></lb>nis obiici ſolent. </s> <s>Nam D. Thomas <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita opponebat. </s> <s>Si indiuiduum, vt Socrates, per vnam formam <arrow.to.target n="marg3523"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt homo, per aliam ſubſtantia, neceſſe eſt igitur aliæ formæ ſuperuenientes per quas in inferiori ge<lb></lb>nere ſpecieúe collocatur, ſint <expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan>. </s> <s>Ex illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> differt forma accidentis à forma ſubſtantiæ, quòd <lb></lb>hæc accedit ſubiecto quod eſt potentia, illa verò ei quod iam eſt actu. </s> <s>At verò iam eſſet actu Socra<lb></lb>tes per formam generis; ergo ſpeciei forma eſſet accidens. </s> <s>Rurſus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per <expan abbr="aduentũ">aduentum</expan> <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> poſte<lb></lb>riorum, earumúe <expan abbr="ſubtractionẽ">ſubtractionem</expan> erit ortus, aut interitus ſimpliciter, ſed aliqua ex parte ſolummodò: <lb></lb>eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tranſmutatio de eo quod eſt actu; atqui ortus ſimpliciter eſt ex eo quod non eſt ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>ita eo quod ſimpliciter non eſt, terminatur interitus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> definitus eſt ortus mutatio totius in <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etiam 2. contra Gentes <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> concludebat vir ille ſapientiſsimus. </s> <s>Vires quæ inter ſe impediunt, niſi con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3524"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trariæ fuerint, radices agunt in vno principio. </s> <s>Alens & reliquæ inter ſe impediunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſunt contra<lb></lb>riæ; & earum igitur vnum erit <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> principium: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè corpus; aliquæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex his corpore non <expan abbr="vtũ-tur">vtun<lb></lb>tur</expan>, vt mens, necnon eſſet id omnis corporis proprium. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> illarum facultatum <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> princi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3525"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pium erit animus neceſſariò. </s> <s>Opponitur & illud. </s> <s>Duas formas naturales vnum ſubiectum vnà non <lb></lb>poſſe perficere; quippe quae vnius rei ſit vnicum eſſe, quod ab vna forma deriuatur. </s> <s>Vna ergo cuiusque <lb></lb>rei forma. </s> <s>Mihi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> memini hæc obiecta fuiſſe à viris eruditiſsimis quæ ſi inuoluere ſilentio ve<lb></lb>lim, minuam profectò beneficium quod veritatis ergo me fateor accepiſſe. </s> <s>Vtuntur illi hiſce hypo<lb></lb>theſibus, prima quidem: Formam poſteriorem eſſe perfectiorem, de qua nulla lis eſt. </s> <s>alia verò: For<lb></lb>mam poſteriorem poſſe quicquid poteſt prior, & aliquid inſuper, cùm contineat priorem, quemad<lb></lb>modum tetragonus continet trigonum. </s> <s>Quapropter formæ ſunt ſicut numeri, vel figuræ mathema<lb></lb>ticæ in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> imperfectius, ſeu minus in perfectiore, ſiue maiore <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>, ita vt quod perfectius eſt, <lb></lb>illorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> munera poſsit obire quæ continet. </s> <s>Achillinus item ſecundam illam hypotheſin, & <lb></lb>hoc argumentum ea ratione confirmabat. </s> <s>Prior <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma, dicebat ipſe, à poſteriore ſpecie non ſepara<lb></lb>tur, ſed priuatione: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in illa eſt habilitas; hæc verò ſemper cum priuatione coniuncta eſt. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi duæ formæ ſimul in eodem conſiſterent; efficeretur, vt forma, & illius priuatio ſimul <expan abbr="permanerẽt">permanerent</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>His ita poſitis conficiunt has rationes. </s> <s>Si poſterior ea præſtat quę prior: ergo poſterior ſufficit, prior <lb></lb>omnino redundat. </s> <s>Prætereà ſubiectum generationis eſt materia prima quauis forma carens. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>forma pertinens ad ſubſtantiam vna eſt. </s> <s>Antecedens ex Ariſt. </s> <s>depromitur; & ita probatur, quia niſi <pb pagenum="590"></pb>careret omni forma, moueri poſſet; non mouetur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per accidens. </s> <s>Sic aliquis mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3526"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus generationi præcederet in eodem indiuiduo, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens enti præiret, cùm ſubſtantiæ nil ante<lb></lb>cedat; ea verò cùm fiat, non dum eſt. </s> <s>Conſequens ſic probatur. </s> <s>Nam ſi qua forma exiſteret in mate<lb></lb>ria, aut idcirco exiſteret, vt appararet ſubiectum ad accipiendas formas perfectiores, aut id eueniret <lb></lb>per accidens, etiam ſi ſubiectum ſit capax earum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo tollitur antecedens: etenim ſi <lb></lb>appararet; materia prima non eſſet ſubiectum in omni generatione. </s> <s>Si per accidens. </s> <s>aut ergo non ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium; proinde & vna forma, aut ſi neceſſarium per accidens; materia prima non erit ſubiectum, <lb></lb>& id quod non dum eſt, moueri poterit, & non ens enti præibit. </s> <s>Nos tamen ex his formarum multi<lb></lb>tudinem haud tolli, & ad obiecta haud ęgrè reſponderi poſſe credimus: percurramus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſingula. <lb></lb></s> <s>In primis autem ad ea dicamus quæ D. Thomas opponit. </s> <s>Illud ſanè primum facilè profligatur ex di<lb></lb>ctis. </s> <s>Etenim forma poſterior <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aduenit priori, tanq̈ actui, ſed <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> poteſtati: ideò ex illis vnum per <lb></lb>ſe fieri poteſt, velut ex actu & poteſtate, quod certè non euenit in iis quorum alterum priori, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>actui ſuperuenit, quemadmodum fit in accidente: proinde ex eo & ſubſtantia eſt vnum, ſed per ac<lb></lb>cidens. </s> <s>Ad ſecundam rationem, quæ ſumitur à definitione generationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> dicere licet, Ariſtote<lb></lb>lem ibi definire primam generationem quæ eſt corporum ſimplicium: tamen vniuersè <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt totum ſecundùm formam .ſ. </s> <s>quod conſiſtit in vniuerſitate omnium partium, & hoc mutatur in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3527"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omni generatione, & fit aliud totum. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erat antea, verbigratia, totum hoc aqua, fit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eadem <lb></lb>materia ſuperſtite totum hoc aër, & ſimiliter in compoſitis. </s> <s>Oppones: cùm ſit è planta animal, & re<lb></lb>manet planta, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> videtur totum mutari, immò totum reſtat quod eſt planta. </s> <s>Cogita, in planta ineſſe <lb></lb>propriam rationem per quam contra diſtinguatur ab animali; & reddatur idonea commutari <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>oppoſitum cum oppoſito: quod eſt commune omnibus quæ inter ſe commutantur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> apud eos <lb></lb>qui oppugnant formarum multitudinem, ſit ratio per quam prior forma cum poſteriore <expan abbr="cõmutetur">commutetur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> auctore D. Thoma poſita eſt in ſubiecto præcedente, addita nota priuationis, quia licèt <lb></lb>priuatio per ſe ſit non ens; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vna ſignificat habilitatem in ſubiecto ad formam futuram, quæ habili<lb></lb>tas adueniente illa forma deſtruitur, & cum forma & actu commutatur. </s> <s>Sic ergo non remanet <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi planta remaneat in animali; quoniam ratio illa per quam poterat eſſe animal, in planta deſtrui<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Tertia <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> obiectio ſic diluitur. </s> <s>Concedo primùm vires quæ inter ſe impediunt, conuenire in <lb></lb>vno principio, niſi contrariæ fuerint, (addo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi contrarię ſint; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vnum commune ſubiectum de <lb></lb>quo contraria dimicant) ſed in hoc principio conuenire contingit bifariam, vel proximè, vel remotè, <lb></lb>ac proximè quidem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> idem eſt organum quod augetur & ſentit, remotè verò, quoniam mens <lb></lb>ſiue in corpore ſit, vt in materia, ſiue alio ſublimiore modo, pendet ex corpore, vt phantaſia quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3528"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſu proximè iuncta eſt. </s> <s>Ideò negatur, quin radices agant hæ facultates in corpore. </s> <s>Deinde eſto, quae <lb></lb>alia ſit ratio mentis, quia tametſi corpore vritur, in eo non eſt per modum formæ, ſiue dixeris, in ma<lb></lb>teria, primùm magis apparet id quod dicimus, erunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duo formarum genera inter ſe omnino ſepa<lb></lb>rata; illę nimirum quę in corpore radices agunt, & alia quæ corpore vtitur, vt organo duntaxat. </s> <s>Præ<lb></lb>tereà eſto, quae commune earum principium ſit animus; non idcirco efficitur eſſe animum vnum qui <lb></lb>contineat omnes eas facultates, niſi vt totum quoddam, quod vocant potentiale, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> his repugnare <lb></lb>quin communior in minus communi contineatur, vt poteſtas in actu. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> facilè tollitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> obij<lb></lb>citur duas formas naturales vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum non poſſe perficere. </s> <s>Reſpondemus ad id pri<lb></lb>mum per antipariſtaſin, ita eſſe concedentes. </s> <s>Sed quantum ad rem noſtram pertinet; hîc non vnum <lb></lb>ſubiectum ſimpliciter à diuerſis formis perficitur, ſed duę res ſunt quæ ab illis formis complentur: <lb></lb>etenim ab animalis forma animal, ab ea verò quæ hominis eſt, homo per ficitur: atqui homo, & ani<lb></lb>mal non ſunt prorſus vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum. </s> <s>Deinde reſpondemus per enſtaſin inficiantes id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>obiicitur, & indicantes nullam eſſe <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> propoſitionis illius neceſsitatem; duas .ſ. </s> <s>formas idem ſubie<lb></lb>ctum perficere non poſſe: quinimmò hoc interdum neceſſarium eſſe dicimus in iis <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> formis <lb></lb>quæ habent ordinem, quae ſi vera ſit eiuſmodi propoſitio, ibi tantum habet locum, vbi formæ plures <lb></lb>ſint ordinis eiuſdem, velut hominis & equi, quæ ſunt omnium extremæ, nec quicquàm illis addi po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3529"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teſt, quod pertineat ad eſſentiam, & actus officium ſibi vendicet; ſed materia ſenſilis ex qua conſtat <lb></lb>indiuiduum. </s> <s>Quòd igitur plures ex his ad <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> rem <expan abbr="conſtituendã">conſtituendam</expan> concurrant, fieri nequit: cùm ſingu<lb></lb>læ perfectiones in ſuo genere ſummæ ſint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliud <expan abbr="quiq̃">quiquam</expan> deſiderent, vt ab eo perficiantur in gene<lb></lb>re cauſſæ formalis, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſunt actus abſoluti. </s> <s>Conuerto me nunc ad alios. </s> <s>Et quod attinet ad hypo<lb></lb>theſes: eſt altera, <expan abbr="Formã">Formam</expan> <expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> poſſe quicquid <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> prior, & aliquid inſuper, cùm contineat prio<lb></lb>rem, ſicuti tetragonus continet trigonum. </s> <s>Ea ſanè ſi detur, vt accipitur, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> vicerint, ſed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa <lb></lb>danda eſt in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> ſenſum ab eo qui multitudinem formarum defendat, nec à me qui fortè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> accipio <lb></lb>prorſus veterum ſententiam vllo pacto danda eſt. </s> <s>Etenim continere non tollit vſum eius quod con<lb></lb>tinetur, ſed ſine illo non conſiſtere quod continetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> & forma continet materiem; & animus con<lb></lb>tinet corpus, & poſteriores cauſſę continent priores .i. </s> <s>accedunt forma materiæ, & animus corpori, <lb></lb>& cauſſa poſterior priori, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hęc quę continentur, optimè ſeruantur, immò & neceſſariò retinen<lb></lb>tur, & aliud eſt officium formæ quæ continet, & aliud materiæ quæ continetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud munus <lb></lb>animi, aliud corporis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia vis cauſſæ poſterioris, ac prioris. </s> <s>& aliò materia vergit, & ſępè ad <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> oppoſitam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alio propendet corpus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animus. </s> <s>& cauſſa prima mouet in certum finem: <pb pagenum="591"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3530"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſa ſecunda poteſt ab eo declinare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́ue">Conſimilique</expan> modo differentia quæ eſt forma ſpecifica, con<lb></lb>tinet genus quæ eſt forma communis? </s> <s>nihilominus vtriuſque officium in definitione, & eſſentia ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium, & alia rei pars eſt, quæ genere ſignificatur, & alia quæ per differentiam patefit. </s> <s>Verùm quae <lb></lb>differentia generi ſuperuenit, nec ſine illo ſaluatur; efficitur, vt differentia contineat genus. </s> <s>Idem <lb></lb>quoque apertè apparet in trigono & tetragono; quemadmodum nuper expoſuimus. </s> <s>Et hæc ſatis de <lb></lb>ſecunda hypotheſi: nanque pro ea mihi ſumendum eſt: Formam poſteriorem continere priorem, <lb></lb>& fungi vice prioris, quia poſteriori ſuperueniente fit totum quoddam quod dicitur eſſentiale, <lb></lb>quod ab vltima forma, tanquam fine denominatur, & omnia præſtat quę pręſtarent ſingulæ partes, <lb></lb>veruntamen per vnam explet hoc munus, per alteram alterum. </s> <s>vtputa, tota hominis eſſentia deno<lb></lb>minatur à facultate ratiocinante, & per eam conſtituitur, <expan abbr="totaq́ue">totaque</expan> & nutrit, & cognoſcit ſingularia, <lb></lb>& vniuerſa, ſed cùm ſuperueniat alenti; per alentem facultatem nutrit, & per ſentientem ſingularia <lb></lb>cognoſcit; per ſe vniuerſa. </s> <s>Quapropter ad rationes. </s> <s>Eſt prima ratio ducta ex ſecunda hypotheſi. </s> <s>Si <lb></lb>poſterior ea pręſtat quę prior; ergo poſterior ſufficit, prior redundat. </s> <s>Profectò, ſi continere ſe habet <lb></lb>quemadmodum accepimus nos, & ſi accedente poſteriore ex priore, & ipſa fit vna tota eſſentia quę <lb></lb>poteſt omnia quæ poſſunt ſingulæ partes; nec ipſa aliis extinctis earum fungitur officio, nec aliæ ſu<lb></lb>perfluunt, ſed & neceſſariæ ſunt, quia ſine illis non conſiſtit poſterior, & totum per ſingulas partes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3531"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obit ſua munera, & remanent quidem exhibentes eſſe, licèt non vltimum & ſpecificum, ad quod <lb></lb>eſſe ſi referantur, dici poteſt eas remanere materialiter, non formaliter; iam enim acceſsione ratio<lb></lb>nis appellatur homo; veruntamen idem eſt adhuc animal & corpus. </s> <s>Secunda ratio. </s> <s>Subiectum <lb></lb>generationis eſt materia prima quauis forma carens. </s> <s>Ergo forma pertinens ad ſubſtantiam eſt vna. <lb></lb></s> <s>Qui nobiſcum ſenſerit, negabit antecedens. </s> <s>& ad probationem quæ petitur ex 5. Phyſ. reſponde<lb></lb>bit animaduerſa conſuetudine Ariſtotelis in explicandis iis quæ ſunt communia ad vnum, vt prius <lb></lb>agatur de primo. </s> <s>Nunc inter ea quæ generantur, eſt ordo, cùm ſint ſimplicia, vel mixta, ſic & ge<lb></lb>nerationis eſt ordo, cùm pręcedat generatio ſimplicis, vt elementi, generationi mixti, vt plantæ & <lb></lb>animalis. </s> <s>Agitur ergo de generatione ſimplici, & ſimplicis corporis, ea verò ſubiectum habet ma<lb></lb>teriam primam quæ caret omni forma. </s> <s>non ſic fortaſſe, cùm ex vino fit acetum: quia ſat eſt, ſi reſol<lb></lb>uatur vinum in materiam, vtputa, aquam, vel aqueum, & ex materiis quędam ſunt propinquio<lb></lb>res, alię remotiores; quæcunque tamen ad aliquid habent rationem potentiæ, dicuntur illius eſſe <lb></lb>materies, & ita priuatæ ſunt, nec ſunt id quod eſſe poſſunt; & quatenus priuatæ, & non entia, <lb></lb>non mouentur vt ſemen quoad priuatum eſt alente facultate, eſt non planta: ideò quatenus non <lb></lb>planta non mouetur, nec per ſe, nec per accidens, mouetur tantummodò vt ſemen, quia habet ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3532"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quem actum ſibi proprium, & quatenus habet talem actum non eſt materies, nec eſt in potentia <lb></lb>ad alentem facultatem. </s> <s>Quare ad probationem conſequentis. </s> <s>Cùm quæritur cur multiplicen<lb></lb>tur iſtæ formæ, aut enim vt apparent ſubiectum ad accipiendas formas perfectiores, aut ſubiectum <lb></lb>per ſe eſt capax formæ perfectioris, veruntamen accidit, vt habeat illam formam, vtroque autem <lb></lb>modo tollitur antecedens. </s> <s>Do primam illam partem, quemadmodum etiam alicubi Auerroes, <lb></lb>etenim nobiliores formę requirunt ſubiectum nobilius. </s> <s>Nec tollitur antecedens; quia vel ea ratio <lb></lb>generationis quæ indicatur 5. Phyſ. T. 8. pertinet ad elementa, vel etiam reperitur in omni genera<lb></lb>tione, quoad conſideratur in ſubiecto priuatio & potentia, quibus neutiquam conuenit motus. </s> <s>Di<lb></lb>ces hîc. </s> <s>At ſi res ita habet, ſaltem moueri poterit hoc totum non ens ſecundùm accidens, vt priuatio <lb></lb>plantę quę eſt in ſemine, & potentia ad facultatem alentem, negat tamen Ariſtoteles hæc moueri <lb></lb>per accidens. </s> <s>Admoneo te, longè aliam eſſe rationem non albi, & priuationis ac potentiæ ad ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam: nanque non album mouetur per accidens; quoniam ſupponitur illi homo, & ſubſtantia <lb></lb>quę iam eſt actu. </s> <s>Sed priuatio & potentia ſemper referuntur ad formam & compoſitum quod <lb></lb>non dum eſt ſubſtantia: ideò non ens ſimpliciter: eſt enim in ſemine priuatio facultatis alentis, & <lb></lb>potentia planta, non vt in aliquo quod ſit actu, ſed quod non ſit & eſſe poſsit, ideò non mouentur <lb></lb>hęc per eius actum, vt non album mouetur per actum hominis. </s> <s>Repetes. </s> <s>at ſunt hęc in ſubiecto ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3533"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mine. </s> <s>Reſpondeo ſunt in ſubiecto, non vt in quo, ſed vt ſubiectum per ea accipiat formam futu<lb></lb>ram, qua ratione non eſt actu ſubſtantia, ideò non ens: (antecedit enim ſubſtantia omnibus aliis) <lb></lb>quapropter nec per ſe, nec per accidens mouetur. </s> <s>Tollitur item Achillini confirmatio, primùm <lb></lb>retorquendo argumentum: nullum verò magis lubricum probandi genus eſt, quàm ſi quod in te <lb></lb>concluſum eſt, contra <expan abbr="aduerſariũ">aduerſarium</expan> facere demonſtres, ſic. </s> <s>Materia retinet <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>, forma verò <expan abbr="per-fectionẽ">per<lb></lb>fectionem</expan>. </s> <s>Res igitur ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtare non poſſunt, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio militar, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> in eodem <lb></lb>ſubiecto forent vnà priuatio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectio. </s> <s>Si verò tu id euenire neges, vbi altera pars locum mate<lb></lb>rię ſubeat, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nos reſpondebimus, <expan abbr="cõiores">coniores</expan> formas <expan abbr="hr̃e">habere</expan> vim materię; <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> cum poſteriorib. in <lb></lb>compoſito ſupereſſe poſſe. </s> <s>Siquis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> deſideret illius argumenti ſolutionem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt dici conſueuit:</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3523"></margin.target>b <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> de ſpi. <lb></lb></s> <s>creat. </s> <s>ar. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3524"></margin.target>c c. 58.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3525"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3526"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3527"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3528"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3529"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3530"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3531"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3532"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3533"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nil agit exemplum, litem quod lite reſoluit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>& dicat in materia, licet vna ſubiecto ſit, duo tamen ratione ſecreta ſimul eſſe, materiam & priuatio<lb></lb>nem, ac forma accedente diſcedere priuationem, <expan abbr="ſolamq́ue">ſolamque</expan> materiam eſſe ſuperſtitem; ſic dicemus <lb></lb>nos, in generibus ineſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cum propria forma priuationem perfectionis, & eam ſupereſſe, hanc <lb></lb>verò deleri: ſic in eodem ſubiecto non eſſe ſimul priuationem & formam.</s></p> <pb pagenum="592"></pb> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Argumenta D. Thomæ aduerſus id quòd è communiore forma, <expan abbr="minusq́ue">minusque</expan> communi fiat vnum, <lb></lb>tanquam è potestate & actu. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3534"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3534"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HABITVDO illa quam nos ſine vllo auctore ponimus, antiquitùs <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> videtur vſurpata fuiſſe, <lb></lb>neutiquàm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> à D. Thoma recepta. </s> <s>Quapropter ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in eius patronos inuehitur acerri<lb></lb>mè trib. argumentis. </s> <s><expan abbr="q.">que</expan> de ſpir. creat. </s> <s>art. 3. & <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> lib. 2. contra gentes c. 58. quarto <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> multitudi<lb></lb>nem oppugnat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nobis inſtar nunc <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> vim perpendere diligenter, ne quid ambigui reſtet in a<lb></lb>nimis noſtris. </s> <s>Ille igitur perſuaderi non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> illud quod actui ſuperuenit, ſit accidens neceſſa<lb></lb>riò, nec in eo <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> potentiæ poni poſsit. </s> <s>quare ſic agit. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan> ad accidens, vt potentia <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>. </s> <s>Puto verò eius argumenti ſenſum eſſe <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> habere <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> poteſtatis ad accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> non ſatisfacit illa habitudo quæ tribuitur formis <expan abbr="cõib">conib</expan>. </s> <s>vt .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="pp">propter</expan> hoc ex <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> & ſpeciali fiat vnum <expan abbr="ſe-cundũ">ſe<lb></lb>cundum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; quia <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> potentiæ ſubeat; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nil vetat id quod ſuperuenit eſſe accidens, & ex <lb></lb>ſubiecto, & eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ſuperuenit, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fieri per accidens. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="cõpletior">completior</expan> eſſet forma <expan abbr="cõior">conior</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> minus <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, quia quò magis redderet ſubiectum <expan abbr="idoneũ">idoneum</expan> accipere, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis in <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> potentię colloca<lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>Quò magis eſſet potens, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> foret imperfectior. </s> <s>Sed forma minus <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, magis redderet <expan abbr="ido-neũ">ido<lb></lb>neum</expan> ad <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan>: ergo magis tribueret de potentia, ſic eſſet <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> imperfectior. </s> <s>Accedit tertiò auctori<arrow.to.target n="marg3535"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tas Ariſt. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> veteres <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in actu ſtatuiſſent, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> voluerunt eſſe gigni & alterari. </s> <s>Quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ma<lb></lb>ximè diſtent, Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> generationis ab alterationis ſubiecto diſtinxit, quae hoc actu exiſteret, illud <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> potentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãobrem">Quanobrem</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> potentiæ ſuperaddita formis <expan abbr="cõib">conib</expan>. </s> <s>nihil adiuuat cauſſam <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>. </s> <s>Poſtre<lb></lb>mò ſic argumentabatur D. Thomas. </s> <s>Quæ tribuuntur alicui eidem <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> diuerſas formas inter ſe præ<lb></lb>dicantur per accidens, ſicut <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> & <expan abbr="muſicũ">muſicum</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo ſi alens & ſentiens diſtinguuntur in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto, <lb></lb>viuens de animali, & animal de <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> prędicabitur. </s> <s>Dicas tu nunc <expan abbr="cõiora">coniora</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> minus <expan abbr="cõium">conium</expan>, <lb></lb>& ex hoc ordine fieri, vt prędicatio per ſe <expan abbr="cõſeruetur">conſeruetur</expan>; iam ſequetur hoc non eſſe per <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> dicen<lb></lb>di per ſe qui accipitur ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſed per <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> qui eſt <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>. </s> <s>At verò forma <lb></lb>hîc ſubiicitur, & materia prædicatur in quid. </s> <s>Non igitur viuens de animali, aut animal de <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe <lb></lb>prędicatur. </s> <s>Magna quidem hæc ſunt, eiuſmodi <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vt diligens naturæ ſcrutator ex iis non difficilè ſe <lb></lb>expedire valeat. </s> <s>Dicamus ergo ordine ad ſingula. </s> <s>Cùm verò putat ipſe eandem <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> obtinere ſub<lb></lb>iectum ad accidens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; non <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> Peripateticè ſentire. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> id eſt accidens <lb></lb>quod aduenit ei quod eſt in actu, quatenus actu eſt, & quod non ordinatur in illud, quod ſupuenit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; ſed quod aduenit, conſequitur & eſt in actu per actum <expan abbr="antecedentẽ">antecedentem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>cùm id ad<lb></lb>uenit, ſuam <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> conſeruat: ſed formæ quæ ſuperueniunt, addunt perfectionem, & immutant <expan abbr="eſſen-tiã">eſſen<lb></lb>tiam</expan> <expan abbr="priorũ">priorum</expan> poteſtatem terminantes; nec à priorib. vt ab actu pendent, verùm vt cauſſa ex ſuppoſitio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3536"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nis neceſsitate præcedente, & è poteſtate deducunt ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & hoc aliquid efficiunt. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ani<lb></lb>malis forma vltima non ſit, & in <expan abbr="vlteriorẽ">vlteriorem</expan> formam ſuopte nixu contendat, & <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> poteſtatis obti<lb></lb>neat, <expan abbr="humanæq́">humanæque</expan>. </s> <s>formę acceſsione perficiatur; ex illa & <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> forma vnum per ſe fit, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex materia <lb></lb>& forma, & ex actu & poteſtate. </s> <s>Id planè verò aſſeritur accidens ſpectari aut in materia pura, aut in <lb></lb>actu ſubſtantia, & ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> puram ſe habere vt <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ipſa eſt poteſtate non <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſubſtantia, <lb></lb>ſed quale & <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan>, <expan abbr="oẽsq́">omnesque</expan>. </s> <s>alię categoriæ. </s> <s>Quare accidentis ad tale <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed vbi <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> actu ſumatur; ſimilitudo inter accidens & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſubſtantiæ nullo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> concedenda. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="ſcdo">ſecundo</expan> loco opponit <expan abbr="cõpletiorẽ">completiorem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="cõiorem">coniorem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> minus <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>. </s> <s>Etiam dicimus in eo lapſum <lb></lb>apparere, quae poteſtas in ſubiecto dupliciter obſeruatur, vel <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> latitudinem quæ .ſ. </s> <s>comitatur <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <lb></lb>gradib. contrarij: nam ſemper in altero è contrariis ineſt poteſtas, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> penitus fuerit <expan abbr="cõ-mutatũ">con<lb></lb>mutatum</expan>; & hęc quò amplior, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="imperfectionẽ">imperfectionem</expan> notat, & <expan abbr="diſtãtiã">diſtantiam</expan> à perfectione & actu, <lb></lb>conſideratur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> potentia <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan>, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> remotior eſt aut propinquior: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> propinquior eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> habilitatem affert ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nos antè oſtendimus, cùm <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> reddita eſt, cur <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan> <lb></lb>ex natura, velocius in fine moueantur; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectior. </s> <s>Nunc dico <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="cõiorem">coniorem</expan> plus continere po<lb></lb>teſtatis <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan>; at forma propinquior continet plus poteſtatis <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> intentionem. </s> <s>Non ergo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3537"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſequitur maior habilitas <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> potentię, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> potentiæ <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> perfectio. </s> <s>Ex <lb></lb>quo non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> inferri, quia maior habilitas exiſtat ex forma propinquiore, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex remotiore, quae idcirco <lb></lb>propinquior ſit imperfectior; eſſet certè imperfectior, ſi maior habilitas inferret <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan>. </s> <s>Et ad Ariſt. auctoritatem dicimus veteres ab eo accuſari, quae poſuerint ſubiectum <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <lb></lb>id in quo nulla eſſet ratio poteſtatis, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> accidens erat <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> producebatur, nec vlla erat ge<lb></lb>neratio ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Ad vltimi explicationem propoſitio cum primis eſt notanda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi ſumitur: <lb></lb>Quæ tribuuntur alicui <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> varias formas prędicari per accidens id non vniuersè accipiendum <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>: <lb></lb>etenim habet <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in formis non eſſentialiter ordinatis, quae ſi ordinem eſſentialem conſecutæ fuerint; <lb></lb>dicimus nil vetare, quominus intercedat <expan abbr="p̃dicatio">pndicatio</expan> per ſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ab opponente <expan abbr="tollendũ">tollendum</expan> fuerat. </s> <s>Con<lb></lb>ſimiliter ego dicam in ea propoſitione <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> attributa, ſed ea duntaxat quę per accidens in<lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Si verò fuerint eſſentialia, poſſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> extare <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> varietate <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan>. </s> <s>Et id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tolli oportuit. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>cedamus vlterius. </s> <s>Deductionis D. Thomę (<foreign lang="grc">ἀγωγὴν</foreign> ego accipio <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> noſtri <expan abbr="replicationẽ">replicationem</expan> <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>) <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan> <lb></lb>vis eſt. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> foret prędicatio per ſe, ea planè vel eſſet in primo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> <expan abbr="dicẽdi">dicendi</expan> <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe, vel in <expan abbr="ſcdo">ſecundo</expan>, in nullo <lb></lb>verò eſt; nec per ſe <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò in ſecundò, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> quod eſt vt forma, de ſubiecto prædicatur, & <pb pagenum="593"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3538"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accipit in ſui definitione ſubiectum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> communiora quæ ſunt inſtar materiæ, de inferiorib. quæ <lb></lb>vicem formæ conſecuta ſunt, prædicantur, & in eorum definitione ſumuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> prædicabuntur <lb></lb>in primo. </s> <s>Non eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ita. </s> <s>Nam quæ prædicantur in primo, prædicantur per modum qui accipitur ſe<lb></lb>cundùm formam. </s> <s>Cæterùm prædicatio magis communium de minus <expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> non eſt huiuſmodi: <lb></lb>nec igitur in primo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omnino per ſe. </s> <s>In primis aduertere oportet quid ſibi velit hoc, quæ prę<lb></lb>dicantur in primo, prædicari per modum qui accipitur ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt ambiguum, & <lb></lb>poteſt intelligi in primo illa accipi quæ prædicantur in quid de ſubiecto: ſed tunc aſſumptio falſa <lb></lb>erit; quandò communia de minus <expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> in quid eſt prædicantur. </s> <s>poteſt item accipi hoc dictum quae <lb></lb>id quod eſt, vt forma de ſubiecto dicitur, tanquàm materia, ſicut animal de homine, quia ſit forma <lb></lb>hominis, quo pacto etiam genera ad formas referuntur ab Ariſt. 2. Phyſ. Vnde cum ſuperiora <expan abbr="ponã-tur">ponan<lb></lb>tur</expan> à nobis velut inferiorem materia, non prædicantur per modum formæ, nec in primo modo. </s> <s>Ad <lb></lb>quod ita dicam & ſi obtinent inſtar materiæ, non ſunt planè materia ſimpliciter, ſed habent aliquid <lb></lb>actus, ex quo prędicatio ſumitur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuprà dictum eſt a nobis. </s> <s>Deinde formam eſſe vel quæ eſt a<lb></lb>ctus materiæ, & vnde exiſtit compoſitum, vel ratio qua explicatur quid eſt, quæ mente conſiſtit; & <lb></lb>quemadmodum forma duplex eſt, ſic etiam materia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea eſt quæ capax eſt formæ, & obtinet <lb></lb>locum poteſtatis in compoſito, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quam intelligendam nuncupat Philoſophus, quæ in defi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3539"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nitione continetur, & tale ſolet eſſe <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> genus, cùm differentiæ vicem formæ ſuſtineant. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>hæc ita ſint, animus in prędicatione non neceſſariò reſpici formam & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quæ ſunt partes <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>natura conſtantium, ſed quo ad ſunt partes rationis, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> non repugnat eſſe materiam, pręſertim a<lb></lb>pud illum ipſum auctorem, quem nos in hoc placito ſectati ſumus, cùm velit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſſentia <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> à ſen<lb></lb>ſili materia duci. </s> <s>Quamobrem, etſi locum materiæ ſibi vendicarunt in natura, nihil obſtat quomi<lb></lb>nus ſint in primo modo per ſe. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ex his quę à nobis conſtituta ſunt, aduerſariorum argu<lb></lb>menta dilui queant; certiſsimum indicium erit exploratę viritatis? </s> <s>illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt eius ingenium, atque <lb></lb>efficacitas, vt per ipſam omnia concinant, & concordent.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3535"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3536"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3537"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3538"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3539"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Scotistarum & Patauinorum argumenta de formarum multitudine diluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SVCCEDVNT his argumenta poſteriorum Scotiſtarum, & præcipuè Patauinorum quibus <lb></lb>etiam multitudinem hanc formarum oppugnare conabantur. </s> <s>Duæ formę, inquiunt ipſi, de ſe <lb></lb>viciſsim prædicari nequeunt in recto: at animal de homine prædicatur in recto: non igitur ſunt <lb></lb>duæ formæ diſtinctę. </s> <s>Deinde docet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſpeciem definiri poſſe bifariam, vel per genus <expan abbr="remotũ">remotum</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3540"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3541"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& <expan abbr="differẽtias">differentias</expan> multas, vel per genus proximum & vnicam differentiam, quòd ſi in homine tot eſſent <lb></lb>formæ, quot prædicata in quid, ſpecies igitur definiri non poſſet, niſi per ſummum genus, & plu<lb></lb>res differentias, quibus illę tot formæ explicarentur. </s> <s>Poſtremò verùm eſt dicere hominem eſſe <lb></lb>hominem & eſſe ſubſtantiam: quæro quánam forma potiſsimùm homo ſit; an'ne ea quæ <expan abbr="cõpleat">compleat</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, an ea quæ ſit accidens? </s> <s>Si reſpondeas, vt opinor: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliter licet; ipſum <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ pertinet ad ſubſtantiam: per eandem igitur formam homo erit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtantia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ſanè inter alia ſolent afferri de quibus aliqua nunc dicere decreuimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oſtendere, vt neque <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tales rationes ab inſtituto nos diuertere debeant. </s> <s>Nam quod ad primum pertinet. </s> <s>Scire <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> <lb></lb>vniuerſalia quę per ſpecies & genera ſignificantur, non eſſe formas ipſas; indicare quidem, ſed prę<lb></lb>ter formas comprehendere quippiam, quod attineat ad eſſentiam; nempè materiam. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb>ea quæ vniuerſalibus reipſa reſpondent, ſunt reuera <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, vt animal & homo, ſed prætereà vni<lb></lb>uerſalis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ex eo proximè <expan abbr="conſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan>, quae ea natura quæ nomine illò ſignificatur, multis <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> <lb></lb>poſsit, ſignificantur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primùm formæ tum communes, tum propriæ ſubſtantiarum in materia, & <lb></lb>ſunt potius denominata quædam ab illis formis, vt ſi ab anima dixeris animal. </s> <s>Cùm verò ſuperiora <lb></lb>materiæ locum habeant ad ſpeciem vſque <expan abbr="ſpecialiſsimã">ſpecialiſsimam</expan>, à qua nulla ratio materiæ poteſt expectari, <lb></lb>habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formam perfectiſsimam, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæcunque ſpeciei ſuperueniunt, accidentia ſunt aut <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3542"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab eſſentia ſemota, à materia verò denominatiuè ſumitur prædicatio de compoſito: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſtatuam <lb></lb>æneam appellamus; pari quoque ratione animal de homine prædicamus, vt quaſi anima per ani<lb></lb>mal in homine agnoſcatur, velut æs per æneum in vaſe: quamobrem non abhorret id à ratione, <lb></lb>quod vniuerſalia de ſuis inferioribus tanquam denominatiua prædicentur exprimentia formas ip<lb></lb>ſas cum ſubiecto, quod ſuum ipſarum, & peculiare exiſtit. </s> <s>ac ſiquis etiam in indiuiduis non eſſen<lb></lb>tiæ quidem rationem ſpectet, ſed eius quod eſt exiſtere: audebo etiam affirmare ſpeciem ipſam <lb></lb>à qua prædicatio deriuatur; materiæ locum occupare: quandò indiuiduum compoſitum quid<lb></lb>dam eſt è natura ſpecifica & accidentibus quę naſcuntur à materia ſenſili, vel ab eius quadam ſin<lb></lb>gulari facultate, vnde obtinuit indiuiduum, quòd ſit, ſicut ſpecies à forma. </s> <s>proinde in hac hypo<lb></lb>theſi pars eſt ſpecies indiuidui; pars autem ad totum ſolet haberi materia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò tibi videatur <lb></lb>abſurdum formę ipſi materię nomen adſcribi, cùm teſtimonio <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> materia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conueniat <lb></lb>vnquàm cum forma, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd aliquando teſtatus ſit Ariſt. </s> <s>prædicationem eſſe ex actu, quam ta<lb></lb>men nos materiæ concedimus. </s> <s>Etenim prędicatio non adminiſtratur ſine nomine, nomen <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pri<lb></lb>mò ſignificat formam, ſecundò illam ſignificat in materia, ex quo etiam nomen ſignificat compo <pb pagenum="594"></pb><expan abbr="ſitũ">ſitum</expan>, ſignificat autem nomen <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in materia ſenſili; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> à materia ſenſili denominatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3543"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à forma quæ dicitur de materia ſenſili, ſeu <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> tribuitur ipſi. </s> <s>Nunc in ordine eorum <lb></lb>quæ prædicantur, cum ſuperiora ſint inferiorum partes (addunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquid inferiora ſuperioribus) <lb></lb>efficitur, vt ſuperiora ſint partes & materia, non ſanè ſenſilis, ſed quæ cadat in mentem. </s> <s>Quare <lb></lb>materia in prædicatione propriè non accipitur, principium .ſ. </s> <s>tranſmutationis, ſed metaphoricè, vt <lb></lb>materia definitionis ſolet conſtitui genus. </s> <s>Et Ariſtoteles prædicationem certè decreuit ab actu pen<lb></lb>dere, & nos etiam rectè tribuimus prædicationem materiæ, in qua tamen aliqua forma continetur, <lb></lb>potentia ſimpliciter & materiæ primæ, ac ſenſili prędicatio denegatur, & cùm obtineat nomen per <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & actum, vt didiciſti 2. Phyſ. prędicatio formæ & actus de materia conſtituitur. </s> <s>Illuc, vnde <lb></lb>abij, redeo. </s> <s>A communioribus prædicatis extat imago quædam denominationis. </s> <s>& id erat quod <lb></lb>dicebat Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ea quæ prædicantur, eſſe eadem cum ſubiectis, quia ſignificant principia ex quibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3544"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſtat <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, vt ex partibus quam nos appellamus materiam. </s> <s>Necnon prædicationem à ma<lb></lb>teria conceſsit, cùm accipiatur à formis <expan abbr="cõmunioribus">communioribus</expan> quas in compoſito materiæ locum diximus <lb></lb>obtinete, <expan abbr="eaſdemq́">eaſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>fecit <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> partes, quòd perfectæ formæ non ſunt, ſed materiæ ſpecimen prę<lb></lb>ſeferunt: idcirco <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materia in mentem cadens ad differentiam veræ <expan abbr="ſenſiliſq́">ſenſiliſque</expan>. </s> <s>materiæ vocatur; ex <lb></lb>qua definitio quælibet, ſiue naturalis, ſiue mathematica foret, aut etiam metaphyſica, neceſſariò <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3545"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtaret. </s> <s>Ad argumentum igitur propoſitionem dicimus eſſe falſam. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma de forma præ<lb></lb>dicatur, ſed genus de ſubiecto, quod eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> denominatiuum <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> à forma ad ſpe<lb></lb>ciem vſque. </s> <s>Nihil ergo <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> prædicationis obſtat illi, quominus formę plures in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubie<lb></lb>cto conſiſtant. </s> <s>Diluitur item ſecunda ratio, quę colligitur ex Ariſt. </s> <s>nam tantum abeſt, vt illud <expan abbr="argu-mentũ">argu<lb></lb>mentum</expan> oppugnet noſtram <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan>, vt potius conuincat propoſitum. (imitabor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc Ariſt. </s> <s>qui ex <lb></lb>eo, quod principia generationis, & eiſdem & diuerſis caſibus exponuntur; colligit ea non eſſe diuer<lb></lb>ſa ſimpliciter, ſed ratione ſolùm diuerſa, idem verò ſubiecto) Ex eo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd multæ differentiæ cum <lb></lb>genere vno ſumi poſsint, ſigno eſt plures formas in vna ſpecie contineri: ex illo verò, quòd vnum <lb></lb>genus proximum cum vltima differentia capiatur; indicat reliquas ſuperiores differentias, ſe habere, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; poſtremam verò ſimpliciter eſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, per quam præcipuè definitum exiſtit quod <lb></lb>eſt ſpecies ſpecialiſsima, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> definitio, ſcientia, <expan abbr="methoduſq.">methoduſque</expan> procedit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cùm prætereà quæri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3546"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3547"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur cuiuſmodi'nam ſit <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> forma, an'ne eſſentiam attingat; an ſit ex <expan abbr="accidẽtium">accidentium</expan> numero, dicimus, <lb></lb>vt debemus, eam <expan abbr="cõducere">conducere</expan> ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, ac fatemur eandem penitus eſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> per quam homo eſt, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>plane modo, ſi ſumas <expan abbr="cõmuniſsimum">communiſsimum</expan> genus prædicamenti illius, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> <lb></lb>ſit; nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> refert. </s> <s>Ergo, inquies, erit per <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> homo, animal, & viuens; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita plures formę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3548"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erunt in compoſito. </s> <s>At meo quidem iudicio, committis in hoc argumento fallaciam ſecundùm <lb></lb>figuram dictionis, aſſumens aliquid prædicari ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, aliàs <expan abbr="cõcludens">concludens</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>: <lb></lb>prætereà fallis, dum accipis <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> prædicationis in ſubſtantia & animali, cùm animal genus <lb></lb>verè ſit, & vniuocum; <expan abbr="ſubſtantiæq́">ſubſtantiæque</expan>. </s> <s>partem exponat, ſubſtantia verò, non ſanè ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> ſub <lb></lb>oculos ponat, ſed quendam modum, quo res ſunt qui non differt à rebus ipſis, quibus attribuitur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non ſignificat aliquam formam <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> quæ prædicetur in quid eſt. </s> <s>Cęterùm ad radices <lb></lb>occurrentes aſſerimus hominem eſſe hęc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> per vnam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quia reliquæ ſint eius partes, & inſtar <lb></lb><expan abbr="obtineãt">obtineant</expan> materiæ. </s> <s>ſed ſeorſum eſt animal per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> animalis, & viuens itidem per formam <expan abbr="viuẽtis">viuentis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> peccat argumentum à ſimpliciter ad id quod eſt quodammodo. </s> <s>Verùm ipſi Scotiſtæ, nil mi<lb></lb>rum, ſi lapſi fuerint. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubſtantiam, & id quod eſt, vniuocis excluſerunt. </s> <s>Attamen & ſi quis <lb></lb>hoc gratis illis condonet, ex iis quæ poſtremò adiunximus, obiectio illa ſine vllo negocio expedi<lb></lb>tur: quanuis apud eos propter lapſum eius ſectæ peculiarem maximi ponderis habeatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3540"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 43.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3541"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3542"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3543"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3544"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>Tt. 20. 21.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3545"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3546"></margin.target>b 7 Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3547"></margin.target>c Porphy.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3548"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Zimarę argumenta de formarum multitudine percurrimus, & reliqua Scotiſtarum <lb></lb>apponuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3549"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3549"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VENIANT in medium mox argumenta Zimaræ, qui magna cum vehementia Iandunum in<lb></lb>ſectatus eſt, ſicut etiam in aliis <expan abbr="cõpluribus">compluribus</expan> cum eo lites maximas exercuit, qua de cauſſa neſcio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vir hic primùm inter alia argumenta, quibus concluditur ſolùm formas ſuperiores ab inferioribus <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quidem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> re diſcrepare, quod item prius ex ſententia noſtra conſtitutum eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> liber <lb></lb>repetere ſtudio breuitatis, non ponit <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> inter formas quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> ordinis eiuſdem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuerſi: <lb></lb>cùm tamen eæ quæ ſunt <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> gradus in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto conſiſtere non poſsint; nil verò prohibeat, <lb></lb>quin eę formæ quę ſunt alterius ordinis, in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſuppoſito maneant: deinde hæc adiicit. </s> <s>Definitio<lb></lb>nem è genere & differentia conſtare. </s> <s>Sed genus & differentia ſumuntur à principiis, quæ in reipſa <lb></lb>continentur, in re verò tantùm vnica forma eſt. </s> <s>Ergo genus & differentia non ſunt duæ formæ à ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="inuicẽ">inuicem</expan> ſeparatæ. </s> <s>Non videt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> miſer hoc argumento <expan abbr="cõcludi">concludi</expan>, vnam eſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> abſolutam, quæ ve<lb></lb>rè hoc aliquid efficiat; cùm tamen plures claſsium diuerſarum in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto permanere non ſit <lb></lb>abſurdum. </s> <s>Addit proptereà ſuſcitari ſententiam Platonis ex hoc placito, qui treis animas in <expan abbr="cõpo-ſito">compo<lb></lb>ſito</expan> collocarit: <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quare non eſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> animal ipſum hominem, ſed animalia plura, quemadmodum <arrow.to.target n="marg3550"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aduerſus eundem concluſit aliquando Ariſt. </s> <s>Nil etiam fore, quod plures formas ita diſperſas copu <pb pagenum="595"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3551"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>laret & contineret. </s> <s>Irretitur iſte quibuſdam laqueis, quos ſanè eminus conſpicit, ſed euitare non <lb></lb>poteſt: nam planum eſt habere <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> hoc <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, vbi plures ſint formę perfectæ, ſed cùm vna <lb></lb>ſit in <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> forma perfecta, non <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt ipſum plura animalia neceſſariò <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quęras <lb></lb>hoc loco, an homo ſimpliciter vnus ſit, & quemadmodum: aio, reuera ipſum vnum eſſe per vnam <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="poſtremã">poſtremam</expan>, ſed vnum <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, nec plures homines: verùm non ita vnum, quin ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>plura non animalia, quia ſit vnum animal ſimpliciter, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> animal rationis compos eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> for<lb></lb>maliter cum animali ſimpliciter accepto, <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo de viuente dicamus, ac ſi quid aliud <expan abbr="cõ-munius">con<lb></lb>munius</expan> ſit quod de homine prædicetur in quid: at vnus eſt homo, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> animal, & vnum <expan abbr="viuẽs">viuens</expan>, quę <lb></lb>ſecum formaliter differunt & quidem animal vnum per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> animalis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum viuens per <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> viuentis. </s> <s>Neque id neceſſariò ſequitur. </s> <s>Eſt homo per <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> formam; animal <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per aliam: ergo <lb></lb>vnus homo plura eſt animalia; quaſi ſint eædem eſſentiæ, ſed eſt plura animalia, quæ diuerſi ſunt <lb></lb>ordinis; cùm vnum ſimpliciter ſit: alterum <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> conditione reſtrictum, quod eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> atque homo: <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="colligit̃">colligitur</expan>, quòd vnus homo ſit, atque animal <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, quæ certè non diſsident, ſed in vnum ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò, non aliter <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> æs & figura ad conflandam <expan abbr="ſtatuã">ſtatuam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſpirarunt">conſpirarunt</expan>, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diximus alibi vnum eſt <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quæ eſt vna, & plures iſtas formas recipit ordine quodam. </s> <s>Quare cùm <lb></lb>materia ſit vna quidem, ſed habeat plures rationes; differunt illa formaliter. </s> <s>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> numero, ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3552"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt homo & animal, verùm homo vnus & animal vnum. </s> <s>Sic ergo laborat hæc <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> fallacia, quæ <lb></lb>eſt à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Si percuncteris iterum, quid'nam ſit illud, quod tot formas in <lb></lb>vnum redigat & retineat. </s> <s>Reſpondemus <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ipſarum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> huius euenti cauſſam eſſe, <lb></lb>velut optimè nobis explicauit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habent veluti poteſtas & actus, imperfectiore forma ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3553"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tionẽ">tionem</expan> ſubeunte poteſtatis; at cur <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> è poteſtate & actu fiat; nulla cauſſa eſt, quae <expan abbr="inquirat̃">inquiratur</expan>: ſua <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="ſin-gulorũ">ſin<lb></lb>gulorum</expan> natura talis eſt; cùm actus ſit perfectio poteſtatis, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſuapte natura expetit <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> poteſtas, quip<lb></lb>pe quæ ſit non ens, vt eius præſentia perficiatur, & perducatur ad eſſe. </s> <s>Verùm de hac re multa di<lb></lb>cta ſunt antè; tranſeamus ad reliqua. </s> <s>Ducit <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> Zimara <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> aduerſus <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> multitudi<lb></lb>nem, conſimili ratione, quam tenuit Ariſt. </s> <s>contra <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia poſuerit Ideas auctores genera<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3554"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionis. </s> <s>Nam ſi alia ſit, vt aiebat Plato, animalis Idea, bipedis alia, non eſſet homo <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſimpliciter; <lb></lb>quaſi innuat nobis Ariſt. </s> <s>genus & differentiam afferre duntaxat vnam formam. </s> <s>Verumeninuerò <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> pondus habet contra Platonem; at Zimaræ <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> nullam habet vim contrà <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> noſtram; propterea quae Plato bipedis & animalis Ideas ponit quæ ſingulæ habeant eſſe ab<lb></lb>ſolutum, & <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſpecies ſpecialiſsimę per ſe <expan abbr="cõſiſtant">conſiſtant</expan>, nec inter ſe <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> poteſtatis & actus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> differentias & genera conſtituimus, è quibus genera per ſe ſola ſubſiſtunt, differentiæ verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3555"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>generi <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> actus materiæ ſuperueniunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non plura per ſe ſunt, vt ex Platonis dicto ſequeba<lb></lb>tur, ſed <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan>, quod erat ſpecies, & quod eſſet hoc aliquid ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Hæc ad Zimaram di<lb></lb>cta ſufficiant: nam reliqua, quæ <expan abbr="totidẽ">totidem</expan> numero ſunt, aut ex his, quæ hactenus accepta fuerunt, di<lb></lb>luuntur, aut dum cęterorum argumenta confregimus, <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> inuenerunt; aut. </s> <s>quae ex peruerſa <expan abbr="verbo-rũ">verbo<lb></lb>rum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>interpretatione deriuata, neglecta fuerunt à nobis. </s> <s>Video verò multum his attribui quæ ſe<lb></lb>quentur, ad multitudinem formarum è medio tollendam. </s> <s>Tum quae efficeretur, vt ignis & elementa <lb></lb>non eſſent corpora ſimplicia, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> philoſophi vno ore teſtantur: etenim è corporis <lb></lb>forma conſtarent quod eſt genus de prędicamento ſubſtantiæ (nam tale genus in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura <expan abbr="po-nendũ">po<lb></lb>nendum</expan> eſſe poſteà demonſtrabimus) <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita potuit hoc <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> apud nonnullos, è quorum nu<lb></lb>mero Zimara fuit, vt ex eo ſe corporis <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> euertere poſſe cenſerent: ita erat in animis <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> <lb></lb>confirmatum, quattuor eſſe corpora ſimplicia quæ identidem è ſimplicibus formis, & quæ in alias <lb></lb>priores diſſolui non poſſent, conſtituta eſſent. </s> <s>Ex eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fonte manabat Zimaræ <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> <lb></lb>aduerſus <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan> formarum quo concludebat <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> fore compoſita, ſi genus & differentia nobis <lb></lb>ſubiiciant diuerſas formas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſua genera, <expan abbr="ſuaſq́">ſuaſque</expan>. </s> <s>differentias habent accidentia per qua de<lb></lb>finiuntur, & ex quibus <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> eſſentia conflatur. </s> <s>Quare ſi <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> <expan abbr="prędicãtur">prędicantur</expan> in quid, locum for<lb></lb>mæ tenere ſtatuantur, plures certè eſſentiæ ad <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> ſpeciem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> quidem <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan> <expan abbr="efficiendã">efficiendam</expan> con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3556"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ueniant. </s> <s>Cùm verò differentiæ quæ conſtituunt accidentia, vel à proprio ſubiecto arceſſantur, vel pe<lb></lb>rantur à genere ipſo & categoria, ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> referuntur; veriſimile eſt intelligi eas differentias quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>ex eodem prædicamento. </s> <s>Nam quod attinet ad differentias quæ ſunt alterius ordinis, eę profectò <lb></lb>vel non faciunt <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan>, vel ſi minus nulla accidentis eſſentia ſimplex erit, niſi fortè accidens <lb></lb>à ſubſtantia reapſe diſiungi velimus, quod ſanè potius admirabile videtur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd <expan abbr="cõſideratum">conſideratum</expan> pro<lb></lb>bari poſsit: ſenſus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> & rerum natura <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> clamat ſe adduci non poſſe, vt accidens <lb></lb>ſine ſubſtantia conſiſtat. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt abſurdius ſit, ſi principia illa quæ non pertinent ad eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam, per ſe ipſa ſint eſſentiæ & formæ, quæ tamen reuera neque etiam prædicentur in quid. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed iam properemus ad ſolutiones.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3550"></margin.target>d 1. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3551"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3552"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3553"></margin.target>a 8. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3554"></margin.target>b 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3555"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3556"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reliqua Scotistarum argumenta de formarum multitudine tolluntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>GENERATIM verò ad hæc reſpondere licet, ea non efficere <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan>, niſi quemadmo<lb></lb>dum materia & forma. </s> <s>quòd ſiquis hæc aliquo pacto concedat ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtare <pb pagenum="596"></pb>quarum eſſentiæ & naturæ diuerſæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſint; attamen in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> coëant, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idcirco dicit eſſe <expan abbr="cõpo-">compo<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3557"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſita; ſic abſurdum cenſere non debet, è generibus & differentiis hæc conſtare, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen appellari <lb></lb>compoſita. </s> <s>Nam, quod attinet ad elementa, non ideò ſimplicia corpora nuncupantur, quia non <lb></lb>habeant aliquod genus quod <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> communiter amplectatur: immo, ſi genus à materia peti debet, <lb></lb>elementa verò conueniunt in materia: aliter inter ſe permutari non poſſent; neceſſe eſt item ſit ele<lb></lb>mentorum genus <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>, vt docuit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Alexander, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed ob id ſimplicia nuncupantur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3558"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd non reſoluuntur in alia corpora <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> formæ tales ſint, vt per ipſas <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> queant actu ſub<lb></lb>ſiſtere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> elementa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> quia non conſtent è formis quæ ordinis & gradus <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> <lb></lb>ſint, quaſi compoſitio è formis quæ ſunt ordinis diuerſi, non emergat. </s> <s>Verùm, ſi genus à materia ſu<lb></lb>mitur, inquies tu, cur ergo generis propriam <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> formam ponis? </s> <s>An ea forma quæ conſpicitur in <lb></lb>iis quæ conueniunt in materia, genus ipſum conſtituit, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materia ſola: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola materia <lb></lb>prædicatur in quid eſt, aut certè non proximè, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine denominatione prædicatur, & vbi in <expan abbr="or-dinẽ">or<lb></lb>dinem</expan> tranſit ſecundarum, in qua iam actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> elucet. </s> <s>Quòd verò ſpectat ad accidentia; nouimus <lb></lb>ea ſic eſſe, quia <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> participant: genera verò & differentias <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> eſſentiam non abſoluere; <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> requirunt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & cauſſas propter quas inſunt in ſubiecto, <expan abbr="potiuſq́">potiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>pertinere genus & diffe<lb></lb>rentias accidentis ad <expan abbr="conformandã">conformandam</expan> primam <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan>, qua nobis <expan abbr="prætenendũ">prætenendum</expan> eſt, quid eſt illud quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3559"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tali voce <expan abbr="ſignificat̃">ſignificatur</expan>, vt apparet in eclipſi & priuatione luminis. </s> <s>Proinde accidentia <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> formæ repu<lb></lb>tantur; quaſi eorum genera & differentiæ non præſeferant <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> quæ ſolet eſſe in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> ex ma<lb></lb>teria & forma. </s> <s>Opponunt inſuper. </s> <s>Mixtum bis fore mixtum; ſemel <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> generis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>iterum per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſpeciei: dicimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mixtum ſimpliciter eſſe per formam generis, per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> verò <lb></lb>ſpeciei non eſſe ſimpliciter mixtum, ſed tale <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, & ſicut homo per ſentientem eſt animal, per <expan abbr="ra-tionẽ">ra<lb></lb>tionem</expan> verò animal tale, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vt animal mixturam animali <expan abbr="conuenientẽ">conuenientem</expan> obtinuir, longè aliam verò <lb></lb>vt homo. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neque poſteriorum eſſentia repugnat eſſentiæ priorum, neque ratio ſpecifica mi<lb></lb>xtionis rationi <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan>, verùm aliquid addunt tantummodò, quibus ratio quidem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> res ipſa <lb></lb>prorſus alia fiat. </s> <s>Cęterùm ab hac vltima determinari tum eſſentiam, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mixtionis ipſius <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> id optimo iure; quandò res eſſe dicitur ex forma, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex materia. </s> <s>Quare cùm genera ſu<lb></lb>periora in locum materię tranſeant; ab illis eſſentia capienda non eſt. </s> <s>Succedit tertium <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, <lb></lb>quod difficile ſemper ab <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> iudicatum eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi diuidimus genus in ſuas ſpecies per diffe<lb></lb>rentias oppoſitas, velut animal per rationis compos & expers: hoc quod dicimus rationis expers, <lb></lb>aut aliquid <expan abbr="poſitiuũ">poſitiuum</expan> ſignificat, aut priuans: ſiquid poſitiui ſignificet: ergo plures animarum diffe<lb></lb>rentias indicabit: quare non erunt tantummodò tres, alens, ſentiens, & <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> vtens, ſed tot fortaſſe, <lb></lb><gap></gap> quot ſunt ſpecies animalium, ſi verò quid priuans notent: ergo non erunt, niſi paucę <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> ſpe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3560"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cies <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan>, nec tot formæ in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, quot ſunt prædicata in quid; etenim priuatio eſt non ens; <lb></lb>nec forma igitur. </s> <s>Eadem quæſtio de plantis excitari poteſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõcludi">concludi</expan>, vel plures eſſe animas alen<lb></lb>tes, quæ ſpecie ſeiungantur, ſiquid poſitiuum ſint, aut non eſſe tot formas, quot prædicata in quid, <lb></lb>ſi numerentur in priuationibus. </s> <s>Equidem priuationes per ſe nec differentias, nec formas eſſe fateor, <lb></lb>ſed quia docui ſuprà <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> priuationes eſſent formæ, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in certo ſubiecto, & in illo cer<lb></lb>tam inferunt habitudinem: hîs etiam eo decreto vtendum eſſe puto: etenim & ipſæ vim habent <lb></lb>determinandi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſed cùm ita ſint priuationes, vt per ſe nihil addant ei in quo inhærent, ex eo <lb></lb>fit, vt partes animæ non multiplicentur, quia verò ſunt aliæ differentiæ quæ nonmodo petuntur ab <lb></lb>anima, ſed à corpore; hinc exoritur, vt plures animalium ſpecies eſſe queant, & multò plures quàm <lb></lb>ſint animæ partes, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita fieri poterit, vt tot ſint formæ in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, quot ſunt <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan>, quæ prędi<lb></lb>cantur in quid, cùm & ipſę differentiæ priuantes in quid prædicari valeant. </s> <s>quas item illo ordine <lb></lb>conſtitutas eſſe profitemur, vt poſterior ad priorem ſe habeat, vt forma ad materiam. </s> <s>Neque eſt <lb></lb>quòd hîc opponas in homine non tantùm eſſe plures formas quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> inter ſe non habeant; <lb></lb>immo prorſus diſtinctæ ſint, vt <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> ſæpe acerrimas pugnas experiti cogamur, velut in incontinen<lb></lb>tiæ continentiæúe ſtatu inter <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> brutum & voluntatem, quòd etſi pugna eſt inter illos appe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3561"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>titus, intercedit tamen ordo <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quia brutus alterius dicto debeat audire. </s> <s>& ex <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> ſtudioſo qui ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> affectus eſt, vnum fieri <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ſemper adſpirat ad rectum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec mirùm, ſi in iis quæ ad vnius rei <expan abbr="cõſtitutionem">conſtitutionem</expan> conueniunt, propenſiones diuerſæ reperiantur, vt <lb></lb>aliàs de materia & forma dictum eſt. </s> <s>Quocirca docuit Ariſt. </s> <s>in animali duplex eſſe functionum ge<lb></lb>nus naturale, & animale, & poteſtates geminas, brutam & rationis compotem. </s> <s>quarum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> inge<lb></lb>nia, ſi diligentius ſpectes; ita inſtituta eſſe perſpicies, vt nobiliori ignobilius <expan abbr="obſequat̃">obſequatur</expan>. </s> <s>Veruntamen <lb></lb>nolo hîc omittere, quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> indicem è re nata locum, in quo non ſatis accuratus lector labi poſſet; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>cùm anteà didiciſſet in expoſitione primordiorum <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> è contrariis ita fieri, quod fit, vt vnum <lb></lb>intereat, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſuccedat & priuationem <expan abbr="corrũpi">corrumpi</expan>, quæ cùm formæ ſicut pediſſe qua comitetur, mon<lb></lb>ſtret <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> abire formam, cuius lateri adhęret, inſuper vnius <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> alterius eſſe interitum. </s> <s>nam ſic, <expan abbr="quo-modocunq.">quo<lb></lb>modocunque</expan> ex animali fieret homo, animal interire cogeretur. </s> <s>Etenim amplior eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> effatorum <lb></lb>virtus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quiuis exiſtimare poſſet. </s> <s>Hæc vt certius teneantur, aduertendum cenſeo. </s> <s>Naturam in <expan abbr="ex-tremũ">ex<lb></lb>tremum</expan> collimare, & niſi per ſe in id quod abſolutum numeris <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> exiſtat: ſi ſecus eueniat, eius im<lb></lb>pediri progreſſum, veluti ſi fiat abortus. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt cùm in ſemine quod in mulieris vtero <pb pagenum="597"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3562"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>comprehendit, inſit vis efformatrix, vbi materia probè affecta fuerit, producitur homo: ſic cùm in <lb></lb>ſemine ſit ea facultas, ſtudebit natura hominem ſemper efficere, aliter eſſet fruſtrà. </s> <s>Ergo illa eſt per <lb></lb>ſe, & primò hominis generatio; cętera partes erunt, & genita imperfecta, quia <expan abbr="terminabũt">terminabunt</expan> motum <lb></lb><expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> natura ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> peruenerit. </s> <s>Modò quia eſſe multis modis accipitur, & pro eſſe actu, & pro eſ<lb></lb>ſe quod dicunt formale, quod <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> eſt, ſi per ſe, & ſeorſum ſpectetur, & <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pro <lb></lb>illo principio, vnde cognoſcimus quid eſt, & id rurſus vel <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>, vel proprium, ac ſi proprium fue<lb></lb>rit, vel imperfectum, & vt cùm Auerroë loquar, diſponens, vel vltimum & abſolutum, in <expan abbr="vnaquaq.">vnaquaque</expan> <lb></lb>mutatione dicimus attendi, generatim eſſe formale; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> mutatione commutatur. </s> <s>ab hoc <lb></lb>pendet generalis interitus priuationis & eo corrupto priuatio, quæ illi inhęret, protinus interit, ac ſi <lb></lb>priuatio <expan abbr="corrũpatur">corrumpatur</expan>; affert ſecum generaliter huius formæ interitum, & in eo ſubiecto notat <expan abbr="habi-litatẽ">habi<lb></lb>litatem</expan> ad formam <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan>, vt in animali ineſt carentia formæ hominis, ideò natum aptum eſt, vt ſit <lb></lb>homo, & animal eſt, non homo, fit homo & interit non homo: ſic non eſt amplius animal, niſi po<lb></lb>teſtate, quae contractum eſt à ſuperueniente differentia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò ſic eſt poteſtate, vt per ſe ſit actu ni<lb></lb>hil, ſed quae vt pars; non ſecus àc in duitate, & vt dici ſolet, ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: in duitate <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duæ con<lb></lb>tinentur vnitates: attamen quia non ſunt ſeorſum, ſed vnà ſunt; ipſa duitas eſt: quas ſi ſeparaue<lb></lb>ris; iam ſingulæ apparebunt, & tamen perſpicis eas eſſe duas vnitates quæ in duitate non amplius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3563"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſunt vnitates in duitate ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſecundùm verò <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> non ſunt, nec tollit id, <lb></lb>quin actus adhuc ipſius eſſe conſeruetur, ſed quia non conſeruatur ea ratio, quam prius habebat, <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> <lb></lb>interire: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & in duitate <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> retinetur actus vtriuſque vnitatis, vt ſi nos ambo colloquamur, & in <lb></lb>angulo <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> manens me audiat, te prætereat; is certè vnitatem per ſe, & ex actu proprio cognoſcet <lb></lb>quæ tamen in duitate eſt in potentia. </s> <s>Proinde dicimus <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> illa effata largius accipi poſſe, vt <expan abbr="am-plectẽtur">am<lb></lb>plectentur</expan> eſſe actu, & eſſe formale; <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> prima & potiſsima mutatio eſt inter formas ſimplices, <lb></lb>quæ cùm ſint oppoſitæ; nonmodò corrumpuntur formaliter, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materialiter, & ex toto, vt mox <lb></lb>explicabimus. </s> <s>Vltimo loco nos interpellat Theophilus Zimaræ filius, qui vt ætate poſterior; ita <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> doctrina ſuperior. </s> <s>Ipſe verò ſic argumentatus eſt. </s> <s>A minori. </s> <s>Ex pluribus potentiis vnum fit: <lb></lb>ergo magis ex pluribus actibus. </s> <s>Argumenti probabilitas inde ducitur, quòd vnum melius eſt, atque <lb></lb>præſtantius multitudine. </s> <s>ſicut ergo actus eſt poteſtate præſtantior: ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> magis eſt idoneus cum <lb></lb>alio actu coniungi. </s> <s>Verumeninuerò multa ego vitia in hac argumentatione perſpicio. </s> <s>Primùm vt <lb></lb>ex multis poteſtatibus vnum fiat, quod aſſumitur. </s> <s>Etenim vbi è duobus fit tertium, vt ex materia <lb></lb>& forma <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, vel cùm <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fit alterius, velut animal, cùm fit homo; neceſſe eſt intercedat <expan abbr="sẽ-per">sem<lb></lb>per</expan> ratio poteſtatis & actus, vt id quod infinitum eſt, determinetur: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſententia fuit Ariſt. </s> <s>cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3564"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>7. Met. inueheretur in ideas Platonis; etenim inquit, ſi ſubſtantiarum ideæ forent, eſſent animalis, <lb></lb>bipedis, & ratione vtentis: ergo hæc actu <expan abbr="cõſiſterent">conſiſterent</expan>: non igitur ex illis vnus homo exiſteret. </s> <s>Dein<lb></lb>de eſto, quòd verum ſit antecedens, adhuc quod infertur, non ſequitur ex illo: quandò actus ſuapte <lb></lb>natura ſecreti ſunt, & ideò cauſſa totius diſtinctionis in natura. </s> <s>Quapropter eo nomine tantùm <lb></lb>laudatur Heraclitus, quòd vnum omnia poſuerit cauſſa materiæ; nam formæ ſeipſis <expan abbr="diſtinguũtur">diſtinguuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà non vniuersè verùm eſt, quòd coniunctio ſit ſeparatione perfectior: neque enim coniun<lb></lb>ctio ac ſeparatio ſunt vniuſmodi: alia eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> coniunctio quæ multa <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſperſa colligit in vnum, <lb></lb>vt ea, quæ fit in mente, cùm ex pluribus indiuiduis, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> commune efficitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera, cùm fit ap<lb></lb>poſitio formæ & eſſentiæ, vt cùm formis mathematicis accedit materia, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quidditas <expan abbr="applicat̃">applicatur</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſenſilem, & ſeparatio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> multiplex: etenim & quidditas à materia ſenſili ſeparatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>& eſt altera, qua ſingula ſparſim & ſeorſum <expan abbr="cõprehenduntur">comprehenduntur</expan>, vt in ſenſu & phantaſia, quę naturam <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> in ſingulari perſpiciunt. </s> <s>hæc ex materia, illa verò ex forma, illa <expan abbr="pręſtãtior">pręſtantior</expan>, hęc ignobilior <lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> longo interuallo ſuperat <expan abbr="cõpoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan> ſibi oppoſitam. </s> <s>Et ea prorſus perfecta copulatio, in <lb></lb>qua illa, quæ iunguntur; ſuam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſic conſeruant, vt in aliud non transformentur: <expan abbr="exẽpli">exempli</expan> cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, materia <expan abbr="traducit̃">traducitur</expan> in <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ex formæ coniunctione; & accidens, cùm ſubſtantiæ ſuperuenit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3565"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan> ſubſtantia <expan abbr="tãta">tanta</expan>, vel talis: at ex mente & obiecto fit vnum, vt mens non conuertatur reipſa in <lb></lb><expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan>, ſed per <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan> & ſpeciem ſolùm: & ex cęlo, & Deo ſic fit vnum, & <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſuam <expan abbr="natu-rã">natu<lb></lb>ram</expan> ab altero <expan abbr="ſecretã">ſecretam</expan> tueantur, & ibi actu corpus eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtantia, hîc mens & eſſentia ſegregata. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> falsò ex coniunctione ad perfectionem argumentatur, & ex perfectione coniunctionis opina<lb></lb>tur actus ipſos eſſe magis coniunctos. </s> <s>Sed de his hactenus; reliqua nunc perſequamur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3557"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3558"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3559"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3560"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3561"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3562"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3563"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3564"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3565"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex definitione generationis colligitur an'ne reſoluatur quod interit, vſque in materiam primam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CAETERVM ad quæſtionis ſubſequentis notitiam non erit inutile explicare, quid materiæ <lb></lb>nomine ad quam diſſeritur, an'ne reſolutio fiat, <expan abbr="intelligendũ">intelligendum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>facilè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id ſuccedet, opinor, <lb></lb>poſtquam didicimus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> formæ ſe habeant ad compoſitum. </s> <s>Inde verò futuræ diſpu<lb></lb>tationis exordium capiatur. </s> <s>Materies ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ponitur ſubiectum primum quæ pura <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan> poteſtas eſt, nec vllius actus particeps; nonnunquàm verò <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> ſubiectum, & quod <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> obtinuerit ad <expan abbr="recipiendã">recipiendam</expan> formam. </s> <s>hanc nos <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan> generationis initium accipere <pb pagenum="598"></pb>debemus, cui ſemper inhęret priuatio quæ perpetuò coniuncta eſt cum certa forma, hoc eſt, cum for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3566"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>; quapropter ab Ariſt. </s> <s>dictum eſt <expan abbr="acetũ">acetum</expan> non fieri, niſi in ea materia ex qua fit, ineſſet for<lb></lb>ma vini, & à nobis ſæpius repetitum eſt, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <expan abbr="repugnãtiam">repugnantiam</expan> eſſe cauſſam proximam, cur noua forma <lb></lb>inducatur, necnon agens illud optimè apparaturum <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſi formam <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan> ei quę mox produ<lb></lb>cenda eſt, in materia poſuerit; ea verò eſt quæ continet <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> certam, & <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> formæ pro<lb></lb>ximè ſucceſſuræ, & maximè diſtat ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere proximò, quia nihil continet de ratione formali <lb></lb>rei producendæ, & <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> in ſe <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> habet quæ non repugnet, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in extremo, & indiuiduo poſi<lb></lb>ta eſt: <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan> nihilominus <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="pręcedentẽ">pręcedentem</expan>, etſi quantum eſt de ratione non entis quod priuatio <expan abbr="cõ-tinet">con<lb></lb>tinet</expan>, eſt minus non ens, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> non ens in vniuerſo illo progreſſu exiſtat, vt tum fœtus eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> homo, quando iam <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt animal, & ſentire cœpit; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> animal proximè non homo, & ineſt <lb></lb>in ipſo poteſtas proxima ad id vt fiat homo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc eſt affectio pręuia materiæ, non alteratio pura <lb></lb>quæ ſit per primas qualitates; licèt ſine illis non <expan abbr="incutiat̃">incutiatur</expan>, ſed immutatio materiæ ſenſilis, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>cum <lb></lb>illò prouecta eſt, vt in extremo ſit, & prouexerit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="vltimã">vltimam</expan> poteſtatem: ea verò plus ha<lb></lb>bet de actu, tunc aduenit forma, & extat compoſitum. </s> <s>His prænotatis commodè ſtatuere licebit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fiat'ne ſubſtantiæ reſolutio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> in materiam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, de qua re proximè inſtar vt agamus, ſi præuer<lb></lb>tamur <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> ad euoluendam <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> generationis, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in ea latent adhuc aliqua quæ valeant <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3567"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodùm ad <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> controuerſiam dirimendam. </s> <s>Ea verò talis erat. </s> <s>Mutatio totius in totum nullo <lb></lb>ſenſili ſuperſtite <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiecto eodem. </s> <s>ac mutatio quidem, vt diſtinguatur à motu, quae fiat inter ter<lb></lb>minos priuatiuè oppoſitos, cùm motus alioqui ſit inter contraria. </s> <s>Totum verò <foreign lang="grc">πᾶν</foreign> Gręci dicunt. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Duo verò <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> vocabula, quæ <expan abbr="ſignificãt">ſignificant</expan> <expan abbr="integritatẽ">integritatem</expan> totum & <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan>, <foreign lang="grc">ὁλον</foreign>, & vniuerſum, quod <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ἁπαν</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3568"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Totum verò ſignificat id cui nullæ deſunt partes, vt vniuerſale, & <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> cuius partes ſunt in po<lb></lb>tentia & illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="dr̃">dr</expan> totum cuius partes habent <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> in poſitura .i. </s> <s><expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtant">conſtant</expan> ex <lb></lb>partibus certam <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> poſtulantibus, etenim animal conſtat è partibus quæ <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> poſituram ob<lb></lb>tinent in corpore, & planta, ac mundus: quod verò è tali <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> genere <expan abbr="conflatũ">conflatum</expan> non eſt, <foreign lang="grc">ἀπαν</foreign>, ſiue <lb></lb>vniuerſum <expan abbr="vocat̃">vocatur</expan>, vt aqua & reliqua corpora ſimplicia ſeorſum. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi ſpectemus ordinem, <lb></lb>qui eſt inter partes rei quæ <expan abbr="generat̃">generatur</expan>, materiam .ſ. </s> <s>& formam, totum eſt, ſi verò id totum quod primò <lb></lb><expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt, cùm ſit è partibus conſimilibus eſt vniuerſum. </s> <s>Ergo generatio eſt totius in totum mu<lb></lb>tatio, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vniuerſi in vniuerſum .i. </s> <s>mutatio illius ſubſtantiæ quæ ſimplex eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conſtat è par<lb></lb>tibus diuerſis. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="coniecturã">coniecturam</expan> facimus Ariſt. </s> <s>definire generationem quæ conueniat corporibus <lb></lb>primis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſimplicibus, ſiue ſint quattuor dicta elementa, nulla habita ratione formarum <expan abbr="ſuperio-rũ">ſuperio<lb></lb>rum</expan>, cùm inſtituantur ad alias formas perfectiores; ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prima ſint, quia conſideretur mutatio inter <lb></lb>primas differentias, calidum, <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>, humidum, & ſiccum, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alia eſt generatio quæ pertinet ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3569"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mixta, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>; nimirùm quandò qualitates actuoſæ <expan abbr="dominant̃">dominantur</expan> patibilibus, & alia quæ viuen<lb></lb>tium propria & peculiaris eſt: vnde etiam <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> ſeparato <expan abbr="vocat̃">vocatur</expan> ortus, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>oppoſita corruptio interi<lb></lb>tus, & <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> ſic ex preſsit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> calidi <expan abbr="participationẽ">participationem</expan> in humido. </s> <s>Non remanente verò aliquo <lb></lb>ſenſili, vt ſubiecto: quippe quae in alteratione <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> ſenſile ſuperſit, quod eſt ſubſtantia prima: ab <lb></lb>illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accidentia proximè pendent quæ ſenſilis eſt, neque immutato accedente conuertitur in aliud <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, ſubiectum verò generationis eſt materia prima quæ ſenſui non <expan abbr="exponit̃">exponitur</expan>, aut ſi quo pacto <lb></lb>ſenſum pellit, vt fit in materia ſecunda, non remanet <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, ſed noua forma ſuperueniente variatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita fit, vt ex his ipſis verbis geminus ſenſus elici poſsit: alter <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quae mutatio pertineat ad ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam ſingularem quæ non permaneat eadem, vt ſi hæc aqua transformetur in <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan>: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> remanet <lb></lb>aqua quæ tranſmutatur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> remaneret, ſi ea mutatio qualitates ſolas attingeret: alter <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſenſus eſt: cùm ſit generatio, vt <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ſuperſtes ſit idem ſenſile, vt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> idem, ſed poſsit eſſe <lb></lb>quidem ſenſile, quod remanet, nec tamen idem, quia ſit, puta tu, corpus quod remanet, vbi aqua in <lb></lb>aërem conuertitur, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, quandò mutatum eſt, quia nouæ formæ acceſsione factus eſt aër, <lb></lb>vt animal, ex quo fit homo, ſenſile eſt, ſed <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſucceſsit, non amplius animal eſt, ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>ſed homo. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ex eiſdem verbis & id colligi poſſe <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>, non prohiberi, quominus in <expan abbr="trãſmu-">tranſmu<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3570"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatione ſubiecti <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> accidens, quod <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ineſt, & ei quæ nuper genita eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi quæ anteà deleta fuit, ſit ſuperſtes: quapropter etiam accipere debeamus vniuerſum colle<lb></lb>ctim, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diſtributim permutari: hoc eſt, vt non ſit neceſſe mutari ſingulas partes; verùm ali<lb></lb>quas tantùm, non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>; etenim forma <expan abbr="delet̃">deletur</expan> à qua totius <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quæ <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> & integritatem ſignifi<lb></lb>cat, accipienda eſt, ac nos <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> accepimus <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> neceſſariò remanere, id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod <expan abbr="appellabat̃">appellabatur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, quòd è ſubiecto & priuatione conſtaret, interire. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quamobrem ex his quæ dicta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3571"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> corollaria colligi queunt quæ pertineant ad <expan abbr="explicandã">explicandam</expan> quæſtionem de reſolutione ſub<lb></lb>ſtantię, hoc modo. </s> <s>Primum. </s> <s>In tali <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> genere reſolutionem fieri vſque ad materiam: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſile eſt ſubſtantia quæ habet <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuperſtes non eſt, certè aliquid reſolutio ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <lb></lb>procedit. </s> <s>Alterum verò, ſi remanet aliquod ſenſile; tametſi idem non permanet; niſi ſecundùm <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>, ſed cùm forma <expan abbr="variat̃">variatur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſe erit reſolutio fiat vſque ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, ſed eò vſque dum <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="recipiat̃">recipiatur</expan> quæ nouæ formæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> repugnet, & profectò ſic dicendum eſt, ſi qua eſt forma <expan abbr="cõmu-nis">commu<lb></lb>nis</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> paullò antè monuimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtraq.">Vtraque</expan> dicta Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auctoritate confir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3572"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mari poſſunt qui <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> fieri teſtatus eſt in <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan>, vbi materia ſenſilis exiſtat, veluti cùm è <pb pagenum="599"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3573"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dulcibus pinguia fiunt, è pinguibus pituita. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> vereri debes <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>, quod fiat è <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan>, <lb></lb>eſſe ſecundùm accidens, cùm hęc <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ex priuatione fiat, & ſecundùm hoc aliquid: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dixerit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> generatione <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſic progredi, ſed vbi <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> quoddam foret <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>, quemadmodum ca<lb></lb>dauer, aut bilis: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>tum reſolui in elementa prima teſtatus eſt, quare de mixtis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> ſic enun<lb></lb>ciare verùm eſt, reſolutionem fieri <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> primam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem non abſolutè <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed in elementa. </s> <s>Neque nobis illud officiat, quae hoc loco de mixtorum generatione non agamus: ſi<lb></lb>quidem nil prohibeat, quominus hoc <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> attributum analogicè transferri queat ad ſimplicia, quan<lb></lb>tum .ſ. </s> <s>attinet ad id quòd reſtent formæ <expan abbr="cõmuniores">communiores</expan> quæ <expan abbr="cõmunitet">communitet</expan> complectuntur <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> & cor<lb></lb>ruptum. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententia confirmari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> auctoritate <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſummi doctoris ita dicentis, reſolu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3574"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem fieri <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad materiam in aliis generationibus, verùm nihil de materia prima quæ eſt poten<lb></lb>tia remota, ſed de illa quæ <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> rationem per quam fiat illud <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> quod generatur, <lb></lb>vt cùm ex vino fit acetum, quod eò maximè nobis eſt approbandum qui in ipſa <expan abbr="trãſmutatione">tranſmutatione</expan> plus <lb></lb>valere materiam, <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>proximas arbitramur, quàm remotas. </s> <s>Sic igitur ſtatuere licebit. </s> <s>Fieri <lb></lb><expan abbr="reſolutionẽ">reſolutionem</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, nec quidem primam ſimpliciter, ſed illam in qua poſita eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſuſcipien<lb></lb>di <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ proximè debet induci, ne fruſtra laboret natura in eadem re <expan abbr="producẽda">producenda</expan>, velut etiam <lb></lb>liquet ex iis exemplis quæ Ariſt. </s> <s>ibidem attulerat, niſi interitum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> formalem ponere placeat (ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3575"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim liceat explicare propoſitum, quando ſubiecti ratio mutatur) qui latiſsimè patet, & omne genus <lb></lb>materiæ pertentat, ſed hoc puncto nonmodò ſubiectum ſenſile, ſed ne vllum quidem in generatione <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ permanebit. </s> <s>Et hæc de prima parte diſputationis inſtituræ noſtra ſententia.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3566"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3567"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3568"></margin.target>a 5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3569"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3570"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3571"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 59. 60.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3572"></margin.target>c 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3573"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3574"></margin.target>a 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3575"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur obiectiones, quę ſolent aſſerri in eam ſententiam, quam nos de ſubstantiæ reſolutio<lb></lb>ne defendimus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVANQVAM aduerſus explicationem noſtram obiici poſſe videntur Achillini <expan abbr="argumẽta">argumenta</expan> <lb></lb>quæ ſunt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Primùm, quia forma illa <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>, eſſet expers interitus. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſiquidem in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> tranſmutatione permaneret. </s> <s>Deinde redundaret, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> formæ elemen<lb></lb>torum ipſi materiæ puræ accedentes ſine vlla corporis forma poſſunt elementa <expan abbr="cõſtituere">conſtituere</expan>; id quod <lb></lb>etiam Græci ſenſiſſe videntur qui ex materia prima, & primis qualitatibus elementa proximè con<lb></lb>formari dicunt. </s> <s>At verò nos ex iis quæ antè poſuimus, <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> obiectiones facilè profligamus. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>docuimus olim è formis eſſe nonnullas, quæ actu per ſe non ſubſiſtant, neque à natura <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> primi <lb></lb>fines expetantur, ſed <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> media per quæ procedat ad formam nobiliorem, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in hoc <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3576"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genere non immorari; idcirco materia, <expan abbr="mediumq́">mediumque</expan>. </s> <s>tranſitus appellari ſolent, velut ſemen ad <expan abbr="plantã">plantam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prętereà dictum eſt non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> formas accedere materiæ primæ quæ ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> actu ſecreta eſt; vtrùm po<lb></lb>ſtulare certas affectiones in materia quę <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> <expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan> à formis <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan>, interdum etiam à <expan abbr="cõ-trariis">con<lb></lb>trariis</expan>: itaque cùm formæ anteriores <expan abbr="perficiant̃">perficiantur</expan> à poſterioribus & ipſis <expan abbr="quodãmodò">quodammodò</expan> ſubſternantur, <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> materię tranſeunt, ex quo efficitur, vt eius conditiones, & proprietates obtineant inter <lb></lb>quas ſunt hæ duæ potiſsimùm; prima quidem, vt, cùm ſit vna per ſe, pro varietate <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> tamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="immutet̃">immutetur</expan>, vnde ab Ariſt. </s> <s>numerantur vt duo, materia priuſquàm res genita ſit, vel cum priuatione <lb></lb>formæ futuræ, vel cum forma <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> res ipſa genita eſt, cum forma noua: ita vt duo ſint <lb></lb>indiuidua, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> optimo iure, ſiquidem tale <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> genus ſic conſideratur <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> poteſtas: atqui <lb></lb>poteſtatis <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> eſt, vt in ſeipſa ſit infinita, determinentur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> iis actibus à quibus ipſa perficitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Altera verò conditio quæ 1. Phyſ. expoſita eſt, quae ortus & interitus expers ſit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur forma cor<lb></lb>poris degeneret in <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, per ſe ipſam immutabilis permanet, nec gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>diuerſarum <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> acceptione variatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita illi euenit, quemadmodum dicebat Ariſt. </s> <s>vt ſi ex <lb></lb>animali fiat animal, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> velut ex rubecula ruticilla, & atricapilla ex ficedula: <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> erat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prius auis; nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3577"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3578"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gignitur auis, ſed non talis auis, & fit hoc quod anteà non fuit: ſic corpus erat olim, & <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3579"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ſit corpus, ſed cùm hoc corpus non eſſet; factum eſt illud, quod prius non erat, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eiuſ<lb></lb>modi eſſe potuit, vt ex priuatione poſterioris formæ <expan abbr="cõſtitueret̃">conſtitueretur</expan>, quod ad ea pertinere dicimus quæ <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> <expan abbr="gignunt̃">gignuntur</expan>, & intereunt per <expan abbr="reſolutionẽ">reſolutionem</expan>; <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> ex planta animal generari volumus, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> ex animali, in quo <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> <expan abbr="conſtituunt̃">conſtituuntur</expan> per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſuam <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> quæ tamen notatur <lb></lb>priuatione poſterioris: ſic <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> non mutantur, velut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſtatuit̃">ſtatuitur</expan> de materia: niſi fortè ſi Porphy<lb></lb>rio credimus, ita differunt, quae materia mutationem extrinſecùs accipit à formis, hæc communia à dif<lb></lb>ferentiis & formis, quæ ipſis intrinſecùs inhæreat: quaſi in materia ſit poteſtas ſolùm ad <expan abbr="accipiẽdas">accipiendas</expan> <lb></lb>formas; at differentiæ à genere præbeantur ſpeciei, quae in ipſo virtute continentur. </s> <s>Sed Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> teſte <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3580"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differentiæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> generi extrinſecùs accedunt, etſi continet; non ita continet vt cauſſę nobiliores, & <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐντελὲχειαι</foreign>, verùm vt colligens in vnam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quæ per plura diſperſa erat. </s> <s>Quamobrem coniun<lb></lb>ctum prioris <expan abbr="argumẽti">argumenti</expan> negatur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> permanet <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> hoc aliquid, ſed <lb></lb>ex acceſſu formæ poſterioris ſit aliud hoc aliquid, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubſtantiæ ſpecies, & remanet ſolùm <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, à quo nulla ratio ſumitur eius quod eſt eſſe hoc aliquid, ſed ab ea forma qua <expan abbr="trãſmutatio">tranſmutatio</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan> (dico verò hoc aliquid, vt hic homo, non quae hic, ſed quae homo: nam quae hic, materiæ tribuo) <lb></lb><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> reſpicientes Gręci dixerunt, qualitates primas materię primæ ſoli accedentes efficere <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>: <pb pagenum="600"></pb>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab illa forma per quam iam corpus eſt, aut per <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="quancunq.">quancunque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> propriè non effi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3581"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceretur hoc aliquid, habitæ ſunt pro materia. </s> <s>Quod additur ſecundo loco, quia ſuperflueret, anteà <lb></lb>docuimus in materia requiri affectionem ad <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> formam <expan abbr="ſuſcipiendã">ſuſcipiendam</expan>; quandò illa eſt ratio per <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>materia formis poſterioribus ſubiici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>ita dicimus hanc <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> ad elementorum formas acci<lb></lb>piendas à corporis forma pręſtari. </s> <s>Verumeninuerò quanuis definitio generationis à nobis antè ex<lb></lb>poſita primùm conueniat elementis; nihilominus, quae etiam pertinet analogicè ad reliquorum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>ortum; hoc loco expediet, vt indicemus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> modum quo ortus in mixtis, & pręſertim in animalibus <lb></lb>obeatur: etenim dum <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> generationem <expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan>, imminet aliqua difficultas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in ſe habere <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> formæ producendæ, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>à veteris formæ latere (vt <lb></lb>ita dicam) <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> diſcedere; <expan abbr="nouaq́">nouaque</expan>. </s> <s>forma ſuperueniente deleri. </s> <s>Si igitur animal ad <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> ſe ha<lb></lb>bet <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> materia; animal igitur in ſeipſo priuationem formę <expan abbr="cõtinebit">continebit</expan>: ergo forma hominis ipſius <lb></lb>accedente tolletur è veſtigio priuatio, ſed cùm ea cum antecedente forma coniuncta ſit, probabile <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> animalis eſſe defecturam. </s> <s>Accedit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſecunda difficultas, quia dictum eſt <expan abbr="corru-ptionẽ">corru<lb></lb>ptionem</expan> terminari per ſe, non eo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quòd ſimpliciter non eſt, ſed alterius eſſe <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan>; quæro <lb></lb>igitur cùm fit mutatio animantis in cadauer, quid'nam in ea tranſmutatione generetur: nam cada<lb></lb>uer ſignificat animæ totius in corpore priuationem. </s> <s>Tertiò quæritur: nam poſtquàm in hominis <lb></lb>ortu prius ſit viuens, deinde animal, vltimò homo; an'ne ordo <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> certus in <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> formarum diſſo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3582"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lutione ſeruetur. </s> <s>Quantum verò ad primum ſpectat: noſſe oportet eſſe rei quo generatio termina<lb></lb>tur, in habitudine <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> eſſe actus ad <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, & formæ ad materiam. </s> <s>Cùm igitur hæc habitudo <lb></lb>ſit multiplex, & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> variis modis produci neceſſe eſt, & <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> ipſo eſſe finiri. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod at<lb></lb>tinet ad actum illum qui erumpit ex vera generatione, cunctis illa quidem generaliter inſunt, quae <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <lb></lb>exiſtant ex mutatione materiæ, & amiſsione priuationis, ſed ſpecialis habitudo actus ad poteſtatem <lb></lb>mihi <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> eſſe triplex: vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formam <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> ſpeciſicam ſibi poſitiuè contrariam inuenit, veluti cùm ex <lb></lb>aëre fit ignis, aut ex frigido <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, ſi quod tale ſit per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>: vel formam quæ per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> imper<lb></lb>fecta eſt, ſed eiuſmodi quæ ſit pars alterius perfectioris, & in ea <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> faciat, vt dictum eſt de formis <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> & generibus: vel etiam quae cùm antè extiterit, expectet materię <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>, quod iam ani<lb></lb>mæ proprium eſt: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea ſubſtantia quæ gubernatura eſt corpus, in ſemine <expan abbr="cõprehenſa">comprehenſa</expan> fuerit, ex<lb></lb>pectat inſtrumentorum abſolutionem, quibus ipſa vti poſsit, & ita formare & animare vinentia. <lb></lb></s> <s>In iis planè quibus formæ ſpecificę ſunt oppoſitæ, non <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> eſt, quin cum priuatione forma fundi<lb></lb>tùs intereat, & ratio <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſentia perdatur: in reliquis ratio duntaxat amittitur; res ipſa retinetur, <lb></lb>& quæ per ſe prius extitiſſet, & hoc aliquid facere poterat; in altera perfectiore continetur, & dege<lb></lb>nerat materiam: nam quod prius erat animal per animalis <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, fit equus per formam equi, & id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3583"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animal eſt, & non animal, & animal quidem quae ea vis adhuc remanet in equo, non animal autem, <lb></lb>quae aliquid vlterius habet per quod eſt non animal ſimpliciter, ſed tale animal, & quanuis ita dicatur <lb></lb>eſſe animal: homo ſic eſt animal, quae in ipſo ineſt animalis ratio <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> pars, non vt terminans <expan abbr="notio-nẽ">notio<lb></lb>nem</expan>, &, vt breuiter explicem, amiſſa ratione formali per quam eſt ipſum animal, & denique vt pars <lb></lb>quiditatis; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſimpliciter quiditas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eo cognito, quae ſit animal, adhuc quærit mens noſtra <lb></lb>quale'nam ſit animal, quia non ſit animal ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> duplex eſt genus priuationis, quod atti<lb></lb>net ad <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan>: vnum, quod eſſentia ſimul, & ratione fundatur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſola con<lb></lb>ſiſtit; ex quo <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> veterem contingit amitti bifariam, vel quae prorſus extinguatur, vel quae non reti<lb></lb>neat <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſuam propriam, & quæ terminet notionem, cùm aliud ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animal, etenim tunc eſt <lb></lb>animal quoddam. </s> <s>At verò ſicut & formæ degenerant in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="ſiũt">ſiunt</expan> partes formæ poſterio<lb></lb>ris, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cogitandũ">cogitandum</expan> eſt ſe habere materias quæ ſunt propriæ <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan>; vtputa, talis eſt forma viuen<lb></lb>tis, vt ſimpliciter in calore ſic temperato conſiſtat; fingamus nunc <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> ſuperuenire <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> <lb></lb>calorem poſtulet, ſi <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> quidem exigat, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> partem in ſe habet, ſi temperatior <expan abbr="requirat̃">requiratur</expan>, <lb></lb>ita natura conſuluit, vt prior ille in certo loco ſeruaretur; alibi eſſet quod temperaret, verbig. </s> <s>mi<lb></lb>nor eſt calor in planta <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> animali, & in animali ſimpliciter <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in homine, quae in homine, quae reliqua ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3584"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>malia, ſi ex hominis ſtatura fit <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>, ſunt eo frigidiora. </s> <s>Ergo hominis calor in ſe continet eum <lb></lb><expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> quo animalis eſſentia conſiſtere valeret, ſed cùm <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> homo propter ſenſus & <expan abbr="mẽtem">mentem</expan> calorem <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽperatiſsimũ">temperatiſsimum</expan> flagitet; in corde calor ille maximus exiſtit, ſed in capite temperatur. </s> <s>Generatur ve<lb></lb>rò ſicuti ſunt formæ communiores; ſic materiæ maior eſt latitudo, & infinitas quæ poſteà coërcetur <lb></lb>à forma ſpecifica, vel aucta in gradu, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> temperata; <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen <expan abbr="abolet̃">aboletur</expan>, vt funditùs intereat, <lb></lb>ſed, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, ſola ratio <expan abbr="perdit̃">perditur</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> nos <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuprà docuimus, vbi de poteſtate materiæ <lb></lb>definita diſputauimus. </s> <s>Secunda obiectio ſic tollitur. </s> <s>Etenim priuatio forma quædam eſt, itaque in <lb></lb>ea poſitum eſt eſſe <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> quarundam, quae illi <expan abbr="ſubiiciat̃">ſubiiciatur</expan> alia forma per quam res eſt id quod eſt; itaque <lb></lb>affirmatione ſignificari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> eſt natura & principium tranſmutationis <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan>, <lb></lb>& terminus à quo. </s> <s>ſic igitur per tale genus formæ exiſtit cadauer, quod priuatione notatur; ea verò <lb></lb>inhæret in certa <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan>; tametſi à notiore, & perfectiore denominatur ab eo quod <expan abbr="interiit̃">interiitur</expan>, & quod <lb></lb>pertinet ad eius eſſentiam, reapſe conſecuta eſt non à vetere forma, ſed beneficio formæ futuræ ad <lb></lb>quam cadauer adſpirat: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe habet cadauer ad elementa, ſed conuerſim; ſicut ſemen ad animal: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſemen ad animal ſe habet vt ad ens, quia perfectius; cadauer eſt via ad abſolutam animalis in <pb pagenum="601"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3585"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ternecionem; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ad non ens; attamen reſoluitur in elementa quæ per ſe ipſa exiſtunt: itaque <lb></lb>cadauer eſt elementa potentia, & in ſe ipſo priuationem <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> elementorum quæ in certa <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan> <lb></lb>collocata eſt, & à <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> tendit ad <expan abbr="incõpoſitum">incompoſitum</expan>; attamen in illo, dum in elementa, velut in finem <lb></lb>contendit, adhuc remanet <foreign lang="grc">ἴνδαλμα</foreign> & imago quædam <expan abbr="cõpoſitonis">compoſitonis</expan>, vnde proprius quidam actus exi<lb></lb>ſtit, quanuis imperfectus, qui .ſ. </s> <s>naturæ progreſſum non terminet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> quod immutata propor<lb></lb>tione ſe habeat ad <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens & <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> vapor & ſemen ad ens & elementa, & animal. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed num'ne ſic <expan abbr="dabit̃">dabitur</expan> forma organizationis quæ in cadauere ſit ſuperſtes? </s> <s>Minimè verò, quandò quae <lb></lb>ſint organa, ab anima impetrarunt, quæ iam exhalauit; nec eadem <expan abbr="tẽperies">temperies</expan> conſeruatur quæ in vi<lb></lb>uente extiterat, neque remanet <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> facultas, ſed <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> interiit viuens, etiam temperamentum im<lb></lb>mutatur, & <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> formam reſpicit ab illa in cuius erat poteſtate, longè diſsimilem. </s> <s>Quantum eſt de <lb></lb>tertio: hîc oportet in primis conſiderare, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> facultates & formæ ſe habeant ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam: nam ſunt origine priores; cùm ſine reliquis eſſe poſsint, cùm etiam minus adſtrictæ ſint <lb></lb>materię conditionibus ſine illis aliæ non <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan>: etiam veriſimile eſt quò minus <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> ſubit; eò <lb></lb>quoque ſerius confici: ſolent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ perfectiora ſunt generari poſterius, & inter organa <expan abbr="ſenſuũ">ſenſuum</expan> ocu<lb></lb>li tardius abſoluuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> facilius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> iri corruptum: nam facilius eſt de multis vnum perdere, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> multa corrogare; ſic alens <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> permanet, quod patet expulſu, ſenſus corruptus eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3586"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quòd ſi tardius <expan abbr="orit̃">oritur</expan> animal; citius interit, & ex eius ortu elementa corrumpuntur, gignuntur ex in<lb></lb>teritu; profectò & celerior ortus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> fuerit, & corruptio difficilior, vt quaſi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> imitantia quę <lb></lb>ſubſiſtit; eſſe ſuum <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> labore tueantur. </s> <s>Sed illud <expan abbr="prætermittendũ">prætermittendum</expan> non eſt <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> vltimam vim habe<lb></lb>re eius totius quod <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> ſecundùm formam, quod ſanè totum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, niſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fuerit minima <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> eius <lb></lb>particula; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam in minima <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> particula ſeipſum tuetur, vt ſi homo gignendus ſit, futu<lb></lb>rum eſt animal, <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> vtens, bipes, mortale: <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> homo eſt, niſi hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> prius extiterint, ſed quia <lb></lb>nonmodò eſt hoc totum; verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> & mortale, & bipes & ratione vtens, & animal, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia multa <lb></lb>qæ in extrema illa forma <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan> per ſe, non rectè <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> homo fuiſſe corruptus, niſi hæc omnia <lb></lb>quæ ſunt eius eſſentiæ partes, interierint, vel immutata fuerint aut ſecundùm <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, aut ſecundùm <lb></lb>rationem <expan abbr="formalẽ">formalem</expan>, & illę partes quæ inerant, abierint in non ens, & aliæ genitæ quæ non erant, ſed <lb></lb>cùm ſint illa <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> priora natura, in eius interitu quod <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primum fuerit, poſitum erit vlti<lb></lb>mum non eſſe rei quæ corrumpebatur, tum verò contingit, cùm veteri noua ſucceſsit, & nomen an<lb></lb>tecedentibus formis eſt elargita; accidit autem in primo ſui eſſe, cùm iam perfecta eſt, & mutatio <lb></lb>conſecuta eſt ſuum finem. </s> <s>Hic igitur erit ordo in corruptione formarum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3576"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3577"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3578"></margin.target>c 9. e hiſt. <lb></lb>c. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3579"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3580"></margin.target>d 4. Top. <lb></lb>10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3581"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3582"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3583"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3584"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3585"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3586"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De reſolutione accidentium in materiam. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3587"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3587"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CONFERVNT etiam ea quæ dicta ſunt, ad <expan abbr="diſſoluendã">diſſoluendam</expan> alteram quęſtionem quę verſatur in <lb></lb>eo: Vtrùm reſolutio fiat vſque ad materiam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> in accidentibus, hoc eſt, vtrum'ne eadem <lb></lb>accidentia quæ fuerant in corrupto, poſtmodum in genito reperiri poſsint, an non. </s> <s>In qua ſanè re <lb></lb>Gręci cum <expan abbr="pleriſq.">pleriſque</expan> Latinis conſenſerunt: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſi putarunt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> accidentia in genito ſupereſ<lb></lb>ſe quæ præceſſetant in corrupto. </s> <s>quinimmo eò prouecti ſunt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> nonnulli, vt <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan> quæ in di<lb></lb>uerſis ſubiectis inſideret, vt in ceruſſa & niue, <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ſpeciei non eſſe aſſeuerarent, his <expan abbr="cõmoti">commoti</expan> ratio<lb></lb>nib. Accidens ſemper ineſt in ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> quæ eſt actu, neque ab ipſa ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, atque ita <lb></lb>vt de vno ſubiecto <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> migret in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>. </s> <s>quae ſi in generatione <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="permutet̃">permutetur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <lb></lb>in ſuccedente <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> ſupereſſe ponatur; accidens profectò <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutabit">commutabit</expan>: id verò <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde vbi ſenſus indicat aliquam <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan>, <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> conſulenda <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, qua diſcrimen euertatur. </s> <s>At ſen<lb></lb>ſus <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="pelluciditatẽ">pelluciditatem</expan> aëris eſſe, aliam aquę monſtrat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> pelluciditas quæ in aëre fuit, non eadem <lb></lb>in aqua conſeruatur. </s> <s>Tertiò dicunt Ariſt. </s> <s>accepiſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe accidens ex eo, quòd <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſet <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, <lb></lb>ex quo colligunt, <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> accidens habere <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, cum quo reciprocetur, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> datur à nobis iuxta <lb></lb>canones illos, quae accidentia fortuita non ſint, & indiuidui <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="conſequant̃">conſequantur</expan>, & quae ſpecies <expan abbr="nõmodò">nommodò</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3588"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex natura ipſa, ſed à mente conſimilia ſingularia in vnum <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> <expan abbr="colligẽte">colligente</expan> fabricentur, quod ſæpè <lb></lb>fit in notitia præſertim incohata & imperfecta. </s> <s>hoc ergo <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, inquiunt, aut genus eſt, aut ſpe<lb></lb>cies, aut indiuiduum; & reuera <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, quod genitum eſt cum eo quod fuit <expan abbr="corruptũ">corruptum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> patet: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> certius eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan>, quòd hæc quæ fuit aqua, non amplius ſit: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ſpecies vlti<lb></lb>ma, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> mutatio fit inter contraria, neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> genus, quia ſic non fieret reſolutio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan> (nam partem hanc problematis huiuſce defendebant) in cunctis formis ſubſtantiæ, aut ſi nobis <lb></lb>hoc non placet: cum determinentur vltima <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> forma, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliud factum eſt, vt alius color niger <lb></lb>& albus. </s> <s>Ergo ſecum ſpecie diſſerunt, & numero igitur: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſequitur in his quæ ad idem <expan abbr="prædi-camentũ">prædi<lb></lb>camentum</expan> ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> referuntur; quare & accidentia, quæ eiuſmodi ſubiecta <expan abbr="cõſequuntur">conſequuntur</expan>, etiam <lb></lb>numero <expan abbr="diſtinguent̃">diſtinguentur</expan>, quòd ſi diuerſa non fuerint, neque igitur res quæ genita eſt, erit ab ea diuerſa <lb></lb>quæ fuit corrupta. </s> <s>Sed cùm eadem eſſe videantur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa eadem eſſe inficiaretur Ariſt. </s> <s>dum ex<lb></lb>poneret eam <expan abbr="particulã">particulam</expan>, quę in ortus definitione poſita eſt: nullo .ſ. </s> <s>ſenſili remanente <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>, vt ſubie<lb></lb>cto, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> pelluciditas aquæ & aëris: ea ſanè quæ ſuccedunt præcedentibus æquiualere <expan abbr="la-tẽtur">la<lb></lb>tentur</expan>, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> tamen eſſe negant. </s> <s>Si quęras ex illis, vndénam noua hæc accidentia <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto pro <pb pagenum="602"></pb>ficiſcantur. </s> <s>Reſpondet cum Alberto & D. Thoma pro illis Pomponatius hæc à generante produci, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3589"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nam quod dat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, dat etiam <expan abbr="cõſequentia">conſequentia</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quoniam verò <expan abbr="cõſimilia">conſimilia</expan> accidentia <expan abbr="pręceſſerũt">pręceſſerunt</expan> <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> à conſimili temperie ducebant originem, affecere materiam ad noua illa è veſtigio contra<lb></lb>henda. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> opinio nunquam potuit mihi probari, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perſpicio, cur fruſtra tot ſpecies <lb></lb>albedinis inculcentur, cùm vna ſufficiat quæ modò perfectior ſit, aliàs imperfectior, & eiuſmodi va<lb></lb>rietatem conſequatur ex varietate materiæ, à qua non ſatis <expan abbr="firmũ">firmum</expan> puto <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ducere diſcriminis, <lb></lb>quod inter ſpecies intercedit, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè ſi ſtatuamus, accidentia, ſi non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> tamen habere <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> commune, quod per multas ſpecies fundi poſsit. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quae plus & minus in acci<lb></lb>dentibus <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> non immutant, niſi cùm <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> eſſentia à certo termino <expan abbr="deducat̃">deducatur</expan>, vbi plus & minus <lb></lb>differentiæ rationem præſegerunt, quæ pertineat ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, velut in affectibus, quorum eſſentiam <lb></lb>terminis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> certis metimur, ac definitis cancellis <expan abbr="cõcludimus">concludimus</expan>, mediocritatem laudantes, plus <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & minus <expan abbr="vituperãtes">vituperantes</expan>, quod animaduerſum fuiſſe ſcimus ab ipſomet Ariſt. </s> <s>primùm. </s> <s>pòſt à Theo<lb></lb>phraſto, in eo libro quem à materia de affectibus inſcripſit, qui tametſi ad noſtras manus non perue<lb></lb>nit, ab Alexandro tamen & à Simplicio <expan abbr="citat̃">citatur</expan> ad præſens propoſitum. </s> <s>Verùm albedo ceruſſæ & ni<lb></lb>uis, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> terminis contineri non videntur: quare nulla cauſſa eſt, cur ſpecie differentes habeantur à <lb></lb>nobis. </s> <s>Adde poſtremò, quòd ſi adęquat accidens, quod in re genita ſuccedit, illud quod in re corru<lb></lb>pta præcedit, eadem erunt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> munera: non eſt igitur quòd in poſteriore illo producendo la<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3590"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>boret natura, quandò tantundem hoc poſsit, quantum primò illi tribuebatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> conuenit dice<lb></lb>re ad hoc id quod prius eſt, à poſteriore forma non tolerari, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illius diſceſſum conſequi pro ne<lb></lb>ceſsitate materiæ, quę tranſit ad aliam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, tum quia tolerat ea forma temperiem, à qua accidens <lb></lb>illud emanat, multò igitur magis accidens ipſum tollerare debebit; tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quia non apparet, vt <lb></lb>hoc accidens intrinſecùs varietur: ergo per ſeipſum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> magis cum priore, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cum poſteriore forma <lb></lb>conueniet, aut pugnabit. </s> <s>Poſteriores Latini Gręcorum ſententiam non approbarunt, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>optimo <lb></lb>iure (ni fallor) & vt propoſitam controuerſiam dirimerent, ad Auicennam <expan abbr="cõfugerunt">confugerunt</expan>, qui quidem <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> accidens in tria <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> diſtinguebat, inquiens alia ex ipſis conſequi <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, nonnulla <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>cętera <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; & quemadmodum permanet materia quæ genito & corrupto <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>manere putarunt accidentia, quæ materiæ comitantur. </s> <s>Quantum tamen hæc diuiſio poſsit ibi <expan abbr="de-monſtrandũ">de<lb></lb>monſtrandum</expan> eſt, quà de primo ſubiecto accidentium <expan abbr="diſſeret̃">diſſeretur</expan>: interim accipiamus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> diſtinctionem <lb></lb>parum <expan abbr="aptã">aptam</expan> eſſe, & aggrediamur ad alia, è quibus nonnulla primùm ſtatuemus partim aut alibi con<lb></lb>cluſa, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poſthàc concludenda, quædam item è quæſtione proxima petentur. </s> <s>Statuimus autem <lb></lb>nunc accidentia ſemper ab actu ſubſtantia proficiſci, ſiue ea ſimpliciter ſit, velut indiuidua, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſpecies ſpecialiſsimę, ſiue <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, cuiuſmodi ſunt corpora quædam imperfecta, quæ ſunt po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3591"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tius <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> materia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> certi quidam actus, & genera quæ per ſe eſſe apta non ſunt, niſi <expan abbr="vlteriorẽ">vlteriorem</expan> per<lb></lb>fectionem à ſpecificis formis accipiant. </s> <s>quanquam & ex his <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> pullulant à materia ſenſili, ſiue <lb></lb>in illa certam habeant ſubſiſtendi <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> incertam & caſu, ſed tamen, vt ſemper actu ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia ſupponatur; ab hac <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nullum genus accidentium ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, idcirco in multis, & indiui<lb></lb>duis in ſpecie, item ac genere differentibus <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> accidentis ſpeciem reperiri non erit abſurdum, <lb></lb>vel per ſe, vel caſu, vel merito materię ſenſilis, cuius maxima latitudo eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> licentia: ab vniuerſis <lb></lb>enim hiſce principiis accidentia terminari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inconuenit, quanuis quod fortuitum eſt, reſoluatur in <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſenſilem, ſed tamen & ipſa habet aliquod accidens adnexum per ſe, vt quod <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> exoriri ex <lb></lb>neceſsitate materiæ. </s> <s>Sed omiſſo fortuito, etiam perpendamus <expan abbr="geminũ">geminum</expan> genus, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quo <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> res <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> categoriam refertur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum phyſicum, quod originem <expan abbr="ducit̃">ducitur</expan> à materia, non eſſe verò <lb></lb><expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> hæc commiſceri, ſic verum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> albedinis in anſere & niue conſiſtit, quæ ſunt generis <lb></lb><expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> diuerſi. </s> <s>Nos planè accidentia, quæ <expan abbr="naſcunt̃">naſcuntur</expan> ex materia collocamus in genere phyſico, quæ <lb></lb>ſunt in altero genere, ſunt ex forma. </s> <s>Ita non neceſſaria eſt Simplicij ratio qui pro ſubiectis gene<lb></lb>ribus logicis <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> ſpecies diſtinguebat, cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunium">communium</expan> beneficio pluribus <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſint, ab his præfinientur quæ <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> ſunt, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſpecie <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan>, quod tamen ſic accipi <lb></lb>velim, prout aliàs à nobis <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ad accidentis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>internas differentias fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3592"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cere, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> negari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin & ex ſua ipſius ratione aliquid afferat ipſi ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Diximus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantias iſtas communes in ipſa generatione materiæ locum occupare. </s> <s>Prætereà non neceſſariò <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="reſolutionẽ">reſolutionem</expan> vltra materias illas procedere, quæ genito & corrupto <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> eſſent. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>igitur hæc ita ſint: quid prohibet, quominus, ſi actus quidam <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> ſuperſtes ſit, accidentia item <lb></lb>quæ illi <expan abbr="comitant̃">comitantur</expan>, cum ipſo ſuperſint. </s> <s>Finge <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tu (vtar <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſæpius <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> Ariſtotelico ad hanc ipſam <lb></lb>rem <expan abbr="aperiendã">aperiendam</expan> quo docuit, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fiat id quod fit, ex eo quod eſt, & eo quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt ſimul) <lb></lb>fieri equum ex cane, <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> materia eſt animal, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> animal; hoc ſanè permanet: ergo etiam <lb></lb>accidentia permanebunt, quæ animal conſequuntur, ita mutari illa defendemus, quemadmodum <lb></lb>de <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> formis anteà decretum eſt: etenim <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ratio formalis eſſentia remanente variatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc ſi <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> hanc <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> appellare libeat in hunc ſenſum, optimè etiam dixeris ea accidentia <lb></lb>ſupereſſe in genito, quæ fuerant in corrupto, cùm pendeant à materia. </s> <s>His poſitis facilè tollimus <lb></lb>argumenta Gręcorum: nam dum accidens inquiunt in ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> perpetuò manere, con<lb></lb>cedimus; cùm verò ſubiiciunt, ſi ineſſet in re genita, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corrupta, de ſubiecto migraret aliò: nega <pb pagenum="603"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3593"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus hoc. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> migrat accidens, ſed illam ſubſtantiam ſectatur quæ in re genita reſtat: migraret <lb></lb>ſanè, niſi proprium illius ſubiectum in eo quod genitum eſt, ſupereſſet, & cùm ſequatur non <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>eius formalem, ſed <expan abbr="materialẽ">materialem</expan> quæ permanet, cum illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſiſtit. </s> <s>Quòd adſcribunt ſecundo lo<lb></lb>co, ſenſum perſpicere <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> inter aëris, & aquæ pelluciditatem, dicimus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="differẽtiam">differentiam</expan> eſſe per <lb></lb>accidens; nec ipſius principiis exoriri, ſed à cęteris conditionibus materię <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> pullulare <lb></lb>quæ ſenſilis eſt, & <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> rei non attingit, vtputa, à raritate & denſitate, cuius ſequelæ ſenſus iudex <lb></lb>eſſe non poteſt, etſi eſſet, nihilomagis ad eſſentiam pertineret. </s> <s>Quod autem opponebatur tertio lo<lb></lb>co, cùm complectatur id cuius oppoſitum anteà conſtituimus, per eius inficiationem poterit facilè <lb></lb>profligari: negamus enim fieri reſolutionem vſque in materiam primam, & ad id quod ex noſtra <lb></lb>hypotheſi ducebatur, dicimus accidens ſequi rationem materialem ſubſtantiarum communium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare cùm hę reſtent in compoſito. </s> <s>ergo nec accidentia variantur, & eſto quòd eorum rationem <lb></lb>formalem dixeris immutari, ſat eſto ea <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mutari intrinſecùs, vt ipſi volunt, ſed extrinſecùs ſolùm.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3588"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3589"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3590"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3591"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3592"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3593"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Initia generationum fatalium, & quaſi proœmium ad ea quę de fato com<lb></lb>plectitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XL<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3594"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3594"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HIS de generatione & corruptione generatim expoſitis, accedamus nunc ad eorum modos, & <lb></lb>ſpecies enarrandas, inter quæ primùm ea diſtinctio ſeſe offert ex Ariſt. </s> <s>in eos qui ſunt <foreign lang="grc">εἱμαρ<lb></lb>μένοι</foreign>, atque alios qui ſunt præter naturam; fatales autem illos appellant. </s> <s>Sed quæ'nam ſit harum <lb></lb>differentiarum vis, & rei ipſius quæ per eam <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> explicatur, inſcitia, & variæ de illarum notione <lb></lb>ſententiæ faciunt, quominus aſſequi facilè poſsimus, ideò nec ab inſtituto noſtro remotum puto, <lb></lb>ſi paucis exponam quid <foreign lang="grc">εἱμαρμένη</foreign> Peripateticis exiſtimari potuerit: exordiar autem ex Ariſoteli<lb></lb>co præcepto primùm à confuſis. </s> <s>Cùm enim in rebus quæ rum à natura. </s> <s>tum etiam à nobis fiunt, <lb></lb>duplex cauſſarum genus ab aliquib. poſitum fuerit; alterum quod incertum, & indefinitum eſſet <lb></lb>in iis quæ ſecus ſe habere poſſent, quod vbi illa proficiſcantur, à nobis appellaretur fortuna; in iis <lb></lb>verò quæ fiunt à natura diceretur caſus: alterum certum ac definitum, atque id vel neceſſariò, vel <lb></lb>ſaltem plurimùm: hoc verò eſt quod, niſi impediretur, in actum prodiret: genus illud cauſſę quod <lb></lb>neceſſariò efficeret, fatum dictum eſſe videtur, quod ſanè cauſsis illis indefinitis eſſet extremè oppo<lb></lb>ſitum. </s> <s>inualuit autem ita vulgi, necnon quorundam philoſophorum opinio, vt tale cauſſarum ge<lb></lb>nus, & effectuum foret, vt etiam cuncta à tali cauſſarum genere exoriri cenſerent: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>nullum <lb></lb>caſum, aut fortunam, neque in humanis actionibus neque in naturalibus, aut aliquam rationem <arrow.to.target n="marg3595"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contingentiæ ponerent, & cauſſas quidem fatum nuncuparunt, effecta verò ſecundùm fatum <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">εἱμαρμένη καὶ εἱμαρμένα, καὶ καθ' εἱμαρμένην ἀπὸ τοῦ εἱρμοῦ, τοῦτ' ἐπι τάξεως τινὸς θείας</foreign>. </s> <s>quod <lb></lb>eſt, nexus quidam, & ordo diuinus, quaſi ſeries certa cauſſarum notetur, & euentorum qua conſe<lb></lb>quentia cum præcedentibus auctoritate diuina, quadam perpetua neceſsitate coniuncta ſint; quam<lb></lb>quòd ſapiens præfari poſſet, à Latinis fatum, ego vocatam putarim, vnde fatale. </s> <s>Huius autem or<lb></lb>dinis ratio duplex habetur, altera qua, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> auctore conſiſtit in mente diuina, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera qua <expan abbr="aptat̃">aptatur</expan> <lb></lb>ad effectus; ob primam illam prouidentiæ nomine decoratur, ob alteram dicitur fatum; tametſi pij <lb></lb>viri vocem fati repudiarunt; nam cùm res ipſa repudiaretur, veriti ſunt, ne conſortio nominum ſu<lb></lb>meretur erroris occaſio. </s> <s>Nos quibus eſt curę quid philoſophi ſentiant, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> de fato planè eloquun<lb></lb>tur; pro noſtro iure de <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ordinis diuini ratione diſceptabimus, & illa in alium reiecta locum <lb></lb>qua pendet ordo rerum ex mente diuina, quo ad naturæ effectibus accommodatur, hîc explicare <lb></lb>conſtituimus, quia verò Peripateticorum placita tueri volumus in hac methodo, quid de hoc cen<lb></lb>ſuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>explorandum eſt, & ediſſerendum, quatenus in hac philoſophia fatum in natura ad<lb></lb>mittendum ſit. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd hęc quęſtio negligenda ſit; nec prætermittendum, an'ne communis <lb></lb>illa opinio quę de fato apud omnes increbuit, vera ſit: cùm enim hæc ſecum pugnent neceſsitas, in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3596"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam, & caſus; ſuſpicari quis poſsit aut fatum è natura eliminandum, aut caſum abiiciendum, aut <lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſunt, & illud caſus eſt, ſeu fortuna quod paullò ante monuimus, vt <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> quaſi magiſtra, <lb></lb>ac duce natura fatentur, ratio nobis excogitanda eſt, qua fatum etiam, fortuna & caſus ſeſe tolerare <lb></lb>poſsint: nec agitur profectò de re leuiſsima, quippe quòd ex alterutrius ſublatione magna rerum <lb></lb>pars euertatur, inducta quidem fortuna, rerum <expan abbr="pulcherrimarũ">pulcherrimarum</expan>, <expan abbr="earundemq́">earundemque</expan>. </s> <s>planè diuiniſsimarum <lb></lb>ordine ceſſante, poſito <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fato, tanquàm è manibus homini ipſi <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> <expan abbr="agẽdi">agendi</expan> facultate præcepta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quòd fatum ſit, cùm etiam qui inter ſapientes ſuæ coſmopeiæ fortunam fecerint auctorem, <lb></lb>Anaxagora excepto fateantur: ſolus enim ipſe fatum repudiauit, quanto magis à nobis, qui natu<lb></lb>ram, aut etiam Deum à quibus nil vnquam temere, aut fruſtra, nec ſine ſummo conſilio (ſi tam <lb></lb>humili vocabulo ſuperioris ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="prouidentiã">prouidentiam</expan> exprimere fas eſt) adminiſtratum fuiſſe <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> <lb></lb>vel etiam facilè intelligat, concedendum eſt? </s> <s>& vulgus, ſi quid mali præter ſpem euenerit, fatum <lb></lb>incuſare ſolet. </s> <s>Neque vllum cuiuſpiam clarioris viri volumen habeamus, ſeu philoſophus ille ſit, <lb></lb>ſiue poëta; quo de fato non meminerit. </s> <s>& aliquid fati opera geſtum fuiſſe non memorat, vt dubi<lb></lb>tare an fatum ſit, contra communem opinionem, <expan abbr="tantorumq́">tantorumque</expan>. </s> <s>hominum auctoritatem, non minus <lb></lb>hebetis quàm impudentis exiſtimandum ſit.</s></p> <pb pagenum="604"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3595"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3596"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Fata regunt orbem, certa stant omnia lege,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3597"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3597"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Lougaq́">Lougaque</expan>. </s> <s>per certos ſignantur tempora curſus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Naſcentes morimur, <expan abbr="finiſq.">finiſque</expan> ab origine pendet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Verumeninuero, vt hoc nobis facilè concedetur; ita illud euadet obſcurum quod propoſuimus ad <lb></lb>inquirendum; <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> talis eius natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſentia ponatur, cum qua fortuna & caſus, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> cauſſæ rerum incertæ conſtare poſsint, quòd huic poſitioni reclamat etymum eius vocis, hoc <lb></lb>eſt populus vniuerſus qui pro <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> conditione vocabula vſurpare conſueuit, repugnant, Peripate<lb></lb>ticis exceptis, omnes alij <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſectæ Philoſophi, quorum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> caput & ducem. </s> <s>fecerit alterum <lb></lb>philoſophiæ lumen <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan> qui curſim eius volumina lectitarit; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> creditur ipſe fatum à ne<lb></lb>ceſsitate ſeiunxiſſe quam in rerum cauſsis videtur frequentiſsimè <expan abbr="cõmuneraſſe">communeraſſe</expan>. </s> <s>vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quia for<lb></lb>tuna in <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> cauſſarum <expan abbr="referret̃">referretur</expan>, priores philoſophi, ne fatum & fortuna <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> diſsiderent, in alia <lb></lb>notione fortunam accipere coacti ſunt, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>in numinibus diuinis, & cauſsis certis, quanquam no<lb></lb>bis ignotis collocare. </s> <s>Sed, quemadmodum facilè conſtitit nuper, caſum & fortunam incertas <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſas eſſe; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>vulgus, vbi rei cuiuſpiam cauſſæ lateant; neque eæquæ per ſe ſunt, ad præſtan<lb></lb>dum <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>, & ad abſoluendam quæſtionem ſufficiant: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, vbi euenta ex eadem cauſſa <lb></lb>propinqua <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> extent, aliàs non ſuccedant, vbi eaſdem <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> actiones effectus diſsimiles <expan abbr="cõ-ſequantur">con<lb></lb>ſequantur</expan>: denique ingeniorum, morum, <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s>curſus inconſtantes, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> fallaces, negocia per<arrow.to.target n="marg3598"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turbent: mali ſucceſſus cauſſam fato adſcribit, ſe verò boni prædicat effectorem, vt inde & fatum, <lb></lb>& præter ipſum, <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> quampiam rerum <expan abbr="humanarũ">humanarum</expan>, ſeu naturalium fore cauſſam, facilè colligamus, <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> à fato remouere valde operoſum fuit, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan>, quia non deſunt rationes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>ij qui neceſsitatem cum fato iungunt, <expan abbr="placitũ">placitum</expan> ſuum confirment, & quibus contrà de <expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> <lb></lb>ſententia, pars altera problematis defendatur. </s> <s>Ergo noſtrum munus erit, quid <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> philoſopho<lb></lb>rum ſectæ profiteantur, vniuersè, & ſigillatim explicare, rationes earum quæ vim aliquam afferre <lb></lb>videantur, explorare: ac <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> ſignificare, & propugnare <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> propter Phyſicen ipſam, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <lb></lb>etiam, quòd in huiuſmodi quæſtione ciuilis facultatis elementa conſtituentur: ex hac <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aut <expan abbr="eripit̃">eripitur</expan>, <lb></lb>aut conſeruatur humano ingenio libertas, figuntur leges, & refiguntur: pietas etiam aduerſus <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>, <lb></lb>aut defenditur, aut euertitur. </s> <s>Et quoniam multa dicuntur à piis viris, & innumera fermè à Platoni<lb></lb>cis de hac ipſa re conſcripta, tum antiqua, tum etiam noua perſpicimus, inter Peripateticos ab Ale<lb></lb>xandro libros duos: à Iulio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Sirenio opus illuſtre, <expan abbr="ſummaq́">ſummaque</expan>. </s> <s>induſtria elaboratum, in quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quę paſsim apud quotquot auctores qui de fato <expan abbr="cõmentarios">commentarios</expan> ediderunt, corrogata reperimus: <lb></lb>nuper etiam Thuſcis decus, & lumen Gymnaſij Patanini F. Piccolh. </s> <s>non multa illa quidem, ſed pla<lb></lb>nè diuina de fato litteris conſignauerit, atque vniuerſa viri iſti, quæ cum Philoſophi, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Theo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3599"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>logi profeſsi ſunt, ita explanauerint, vt accurato lectori nihil vltra <expan abbr="flagitãdum">flagitandum</expan> ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ne <expan abbr="mutã">mutam</expan> <expan abbr="perſo-nã">perſo<lb></lb>nam</expan> in hac Peripateticę veritatis ſcena videantur agere, ſic <expan abbr="ſermonẽ">ſermonem</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> inſtituimus, vt non minori <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmodo">commodo</expan> futura ſint ea quę <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <expan abbr="dicent̃">dicentur</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ob aliud certè; at <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan>, quia nos admirabili <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ſtudio <lb></lb>puros Peripateticę philoſophiæ latices conſectati ſumus, & breuitati quantum licuit conſuluimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3598"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3599"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Complures Antiquorum ſententię de fato breuiter recitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VENIAT igitur in medium problema diſcutiendum. </s> <s>Quęritur an fatum, & incertæ cauſſæ <lb></lb>ſimul <expan abbr="cõſiſtant">conſiſtant</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò id ex eo elucebit, cùm <expan abbr="perſpectũ">perſpectum</expan> fuerit, vtrum'ne fatum ſit nexus <lb></lb><expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> neceſſarius, & qui <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="interrũpt">interrumpt</expan> poſsit, an <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> interpelletur: nam <expan abbr="pugnãt">pugnant</expan> hęc <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>, <lb></lb>ita vt ſi nexus ille <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> neceſſarius fuerit, nulla profectò cauſſa incerta exiſtat, & <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan>, ſi qua cauſſa in <lb></lb>certa ſit, vt certè eſt, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nexũ">nexum</expan> hunc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, ſed diſſolubilem eſſe oporteat. </s> <s>Stoici in primis, <lb></lb>& cum his Aſtrologi <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, de quibus meminit Plotinus, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> fato, hoc eſt, ineuitabili <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> neceſsi<lb></lb>tate fieri <expan abbr="autumarũt">autumarunt</expan>, & vt intereà <expan abbr="mittã">mittam</expan> loca quibus <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan>, immo ferè <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> hanc fati neceſsitatem <lb></lb><expan abbr="prędicãt">prędicant</expan>, quibus hæc <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> dialecticè probari poſſet, <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> hę <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> ex ipſa philoſophia depromptæ <lb></lb>ſatis efficaces. </s> <s>prima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> adhibuit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ab <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel allata <expan abbr="reſoluit̃">reſoluitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3600"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>De quolibet <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſt aſſerere, aut negare: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de futuro. </s> <s>neceſſe <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> eſt <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> fore, aut non fore: <lb></lb>quicquid ergo fuerit, erit neceſſariò tale. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> habent <expan abbr="antecedentẽ">antecedentem</expan>, ſed cauſſa antece<lb></lb>dens <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> <expan abbr="conſequentẽ">conſequentem</expan> neceſſariò reſpicit. </s> <s>ergo effectus conſequens ab antecedente cauſſa neceſ<lb></lb>ſariò pendet, & fit igitur neceſſariò. </s> <s>Prętereà Deus <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> futura prænoſcit: euenient ergo neceſſariò: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi minus: efficietur protinus, vt eius notitia fallax ſit, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ea quæ fore neſcit, poterunt <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> <lb></lb>non euenire. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Deus hæc prænoſcat, & leges credere iubent, neque inficiatur Alexander, <lb></lb>magnus alioqui mortalitatis <expan abbr="nr̃æ">nostræ</expan> patronus. </s> <s>Perſuadet <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>. </s> <s>Dei ſapientia, à qua <expan abbr="pẽdet">pendet</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ordo <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan>, <lb></lb>è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> conflatus eſt <expan abbr="mũdus">mundus</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõfirmari">Confirmari</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſententia ex ea facultate quæ <foreign lang="grc">μαντικὴ</foreign>, ideſt, diui<lb></lb>natio <expan abbr="nũcupatur">nuncupatur</expan>, ſiue ea ſit per ſomnia, ſeu <expan abbr="portẽta">portenta</expan>, & omina, ſiue auguria, aut extiſpicia, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per <lb></lb><expan abbr="aſtrologiã">aſtrologiam</expan>; nam ſingulæ hę facultates <expan abbr="futurorũ">futurorum</expan> prędictiones profitentur: etenim ab iis <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> prę<lb></lb>dicitur quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſariò ſuccederet, prædici non poſſet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita fruſtra facultates iſtæ laborarent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed & illę maiores anguſtię, quæ ab Alexandro <expan abbr="monſtrant̃">monſtrantur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nẽpe">Nempe</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan>, qui vniuerſa <expan abbr="com-plectat̃">com<lb></lb>plectatur</expan> à vitali & intelligente natura <expan abbr="gubernatũ">gubernatum</expan>, ſerie <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ordine <expan abbr="procedentẽ">procedentem</expan> <expan abbr="œconomiã">œconomiam</expan> per<lb></lb>petuò conſecutum, in qua priora <expan abbr="poſteriorũ">poſteriorum</expan> cauſſa ſunt, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ita inter ſe <expan abbr="cõnexa">connexa</expan>, vt hoc ex hoc <pb pagenum="605"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3601"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neceſſariò <expan abbr="cõſequat̃">conſequatur</expan>. </s> <s>Quæ ſi ſecus <expan abbr="euenirẽt">euenirent</expan>, à priorib. poſteriora diſtrahi <expan abbr="poſsẽt">poſsent</expan>, & ſic <expan abbr="mũdus">mundus</expan> vnus <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet, & motus ſine cauſſa, nec vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>nutu <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="regerent̃">regerentur</expan>: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> natura <expan abbr="cõſer-uaret̃">conſer<lb></lb>uaretur</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in ordine ipſo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ornatu poſita <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan>. </s> <s>Eſt verò huic ſimile <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> à Scoto accepimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Secundæ cauſſæ mouent eo modo quo <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> à prima: at ſecundæ <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> à prima neceſſariò, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũctæ">cunctæ</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="conſequẽtes">conſequentes</expan> neceſſariò <expan abbr="mouebũt">mouebunt</expan>, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> <expan abbr="cõcedat̃">concedatur</expan> ab Ariſtotelicis; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõuincet">conuincet</expan> <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> ea quę <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan>, neceſſariò fieri. </s> <s>Adde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>vbi docet, cur mundus inferior <lb></lb>lationi ſuperiori <expan abbr="cõtinu9">continuus</expan> ſit, quam <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> repetiuit vbi verba fecit de certis <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> periodis, vtputa, <lb></lb>mutationibus <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> quæ ſtatis <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan> fiunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ipſæ neceſſariò ſequi <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan>. </s> <s>His <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>aliis <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <expan abbr="p̨ſuaſus">perſuaſus</expan> <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> <expan abbr="tuebit̃">tuebitur</expan> ea quæ <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan> apud nos, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> neceſſariò fieri. </s> <s>Cęterùm, vt hęc neceſſariò <lb></lb>fiant, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> talis neceſsitas à certis cauſsis emanet, <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩas">ſententias</expan> apud Plotinum reperio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> qui <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> primordia corporea ſtatuerunt: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> excepta materia <expan abbr="cognoſcerẽt">cognoſcerent</expan>, nulli alij <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> generi <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> adſcribere <expan abbr="poterãt">poterant</expan>, ac mate<lb></lb>rię: <expan abbr="dixerũt">dixerunt</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> in reb. <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> hac materia poſita <expan abbr="ſequeret̃">ſequeretur</expan> hoc, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliud quicquam. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic dicebat Empedocles <expan abbr="attritionẽ">attritionem</expan> cibi à <expan abbr="dẽtibus">dentibus</expan> adminiſtrari, quae oſſei forent, & plani: <expan abbr="indeq.">indeque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> neceſ<lb></lb>ſariò fieri, vt tales <expan abbr="eſsẽt">eſsent</expan> impetus animi <expan abbr="nr̃i">nostri</expan>, quales à principiis eiuſmodi <expan abbr="redderent̃">redderentur</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <expan abbr="pro-fitebat̃">pro<lb></lb>fitebatur</expan> ex hac materiæ neceſsitate <expan abbr="pẽdêre">pendêre</expan>, vno cęlo excepto: quo magis id <expan abbr="admirandũ">admirandum</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="tãta">tanta</expan> ordi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3602"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nis <expan abbr="cõſeruatio">conſeruatio</expan> <expan abbr="ſpectet̃">ſpectetur</expan> in cęlo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eiuſdẽ">Eiuſdem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="ſentẽtiæ">ſententiæ</expan> fuêre Democritus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Anaximenes, & <expan abbr="Anaximã-">Anaximan<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3603"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>der. </s> <s>ſed cùm ſola hæc cauſſa, materia nimirùm, ab ipſis <expan abbr="primordiũ">primordium</expan> poſita eſſet, in eo ſe præclarè <expan abbr="geſ-ſerũt">geſ<lb></lb>ſerunt</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> is eſt præcipuus ſui muneris <expan abbr="obeũdi">obeundi</expan> modus, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> materię ipſius proprius eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> materię ne<lb></lb>ceſsitas <expan abbr="attribuit̃">attribuitur</expan>. </s> <s>Alij <expan abbr="fatũ">fatum</expan> altius extulere, ponentes ipſum <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="efficaciſsimã">efficaciſsimam</expan>, <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽtẽ">mouentem</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm ea <expan abbr="gubernantẽ">gubernantem</expan> quæ <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan> à natura; verumetiam <expan abbr="dirigentẽ">dirigentem</expan> cognitiones <expan abbr="nr̃as">nostras</expan> motionib. ſuis <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aliter àc ab animo ſingulæ animantis partes <expan abbr="agitent̃">agitentur</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à ſeipſis <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, ſed à principe fa<lb></lb>cultate quæ tanquam rex in ſolio reſidet in corde, aut tali principio, quod ipſi pro ratione reſpon<lb></lb>deat. </s> <s>ſic igitur ad ipſum vniuerſi <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſeſe attollentes eam primam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> quæ per <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> diffun<lb></lb>ditur, & peruagatur, ſtatuunt fatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> Stoicis primę deferuntur, inter eos autem Stratoni <lb></lb>Lampſaceno: quapropter etiam de principio <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> vitali facere <expan abbr="mentionẽ">mentionem</expan>, tanquam de cauſſa pri<lb></lb>ma à qua velut à primo fonte, cunctis corporibus viuere, & eſſe benigniſsimè affunderetur. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb>obrem etiam de prouidentia meminiſſe coguntur: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fatum à <expan abbr="prouidẽtia">prouidentia</expan> ſeiungi cenſetur. </s> <s>quòd <lb></lb>hæc ſit ordo ille qui perſpicitur in rebus fatalibus, quatenus in deum & cauſſam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> refertur, & <lb></lb>ab ipſo proficiſcitur, cùm fatum ſit in rebus ipſis quæ producuntur. </s> <s>Poteſt autem confirmari proba<lb></lb>biliter hęc opinio ex iis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> attulit Ariſt. </s> <s>de duce exercitus, vbi <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> apud nos, ab vno illo <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3604"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="sũmo">summo</expan> principio progredi <expan abbr="sãctiſsimè">sanctiſsimè</expan> aſſeuerat, ex illis <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> quę <expan abbr="legim9">legimus</expan> apud <expan abbr="auctorẽ">auctorem</expan> libri de <expan abbr="mũdo">mundo</expan>, vbi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ordo <expan abbr="refert̃">refertur</expan> ad illas cauſſas quę ſupra cęleſtia corpora ſeſe <expan abbr="receperũt">receperunt</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idẽ">Idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cùm poëtis <expan abbr="p̃dicauit">praedicauit</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aĩę">animę</expan> <expan abbr="quodãmodò">quodammodò</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> plena. </s> <s>Prętereà <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> apud nos, vniuerſa à motu cęli <expan abbr="deſcẽdãt">deſcendant</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinẽs">continens</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> ſit cauſſa <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> in animali <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan>, <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex appetitu primi <expan abbr="illi9">illius</expan> boni neceſſariò, <expan abbr="p̨petuoq́">perpetuoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mo-ueat̃">mo<lb></lb>ueatur</expan>, vniuerſa <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ab illo primo, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> proximè, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> remotè <expan abbr="ciebunt̃">ciebuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> neceſſariò <expan abbr="operet̃">operetur</expan>; illa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> ex ipſo, neceſſaria <expan abbr="sĩt">sint</expan>. </s> <s>Tertia fuit <expan abbr="Aſtrologorũ">Aſtrologorum</expan> opinio, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> magis <expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan> iudicio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan> <expan abbr="attribuẽtes">attribuentes</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſolũmodò">ſolummodò</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="caducarũ">caducarum</expan> primordia <expan abbr="poſuerũt">poſuerunt</expan> <expan abbr="mot9">motus</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõfigurationes">configurationes</expan> cęleſtes, <expan abbr="ſyderũ">ſyderum</expan>, <expan abbr="inq̃">inquam</expan> tam <expan abbr="er-rantiũ">er<lb></lb>rantium</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="inerrantiũ">inerrantium</expan> à <expan abbr="q̨bus">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vĩ">vim</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="gignunt̃">gignuntur</expan>, influere <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, & ab iis ſingula fieri <expan abbr="te-ſtant̃">te<lb></lb>ſtantur</expan>, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> ab actu ipſo <expan abbr="ĩfluxũ">influxum</expan> vocare <expan abbr="ſolẽt">ſolent</expan>. </s> <s>Pręcipuè verò <expan abbr="nitunt̃">nituntur</expan> ſuis obſeruationib. & præ<lb></lb>dictionib. <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="sĩgula">singula</expan> <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummus</expan> <expan abbr="cęleſtiũ">cęleſtium</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> circuitus, <expan abbr="aſtrorumq́">aſtrorumque</expan>. </s> <s>motiones diſponi <expan abbr="vidẽtur">videntur</expan>, prout <expan abbr="ĩter">inter</expan> <lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> ad <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="meridianũ">meridianum</expan>, & ſitus, ortus, occaſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõgreſſus">congreſſus</expan>, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tm̃">tamen</expan> de futuro <expan abbr="euẽtu">euentu</expan>, verùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de cogitationib. ipſis <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan> <expan abbr="p̃dictiones">praedictiones</expan>. </s> <s>Ad hęc animalia, & <expan abbr="plãtas">plantas</expan> ab ipſa <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <expan abbr="cõsẽſione">consenſione</expan>, & quaſi <expan abbr="cõ-ſpiratione">con<lb></lb>ſpiratione</expan> regi, ac modò creſcere, aliàs imminui, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> Luna <expan abbr="creſcẽte">creſcente</expan> arbores, & vngues <expan abbr="ĩciſæ">inciſæ</expan> <lb></lb>citius <expan abbr="augeſcũt">augeſcunt</expan>; capilli ſecti celerius <expan abbr="caneſcũt">caneſcunt</expan>; fœminę rarius <expan abbr="cõcipiuntur">concipiuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="cãcri">cancri</expan> <expan abbr="replent̃">replentur</expan>, & oua plena <lb></lb>naſcuntur: ſimiliter è <expan abbr="regionũ">regionum</expan> & cęli diſsimilitudine <expan abbr="variat̃">variatur</expan> <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> natura <expan abbr="plantarũ">plantarum</expan>, & <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3605"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quanto, & quali, hîc enim albi, nigri ibi exoriuntur, vt enim doctiſsimè ille poëta nos docuit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3600"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3601"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3602"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3603"></margin.target>a 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3604"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3605"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Nec verò terræ ferre omnes omnia poſſunt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Fluminibus ſalices, <expan abbr="craſſisq́">craſſisque</expan>. </s> <s>paludibus alni</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Naſcuntur, ſteriles ſaxoſis montibus orni<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Littora myrtetis lætiſſima: <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> apertos</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Bacchus amat colleis, aquilonem & frigora taxi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>”, -& reliqua-<expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>adeò latè <lb></lb>patet, vt ſic etiam differant homines ob cœli varietatem, & adſpectus ad ſolem, & moribus, & inge<lb></lb>nio, & corporis <expan abbr="animiq́">animique</expan>. </s> <s>cultura. </s> <s>Quamobrem & de Italia noſtra cecinit <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> nobiliſsimus auctor.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Hęc genus acre virûm, Marſos, <expan abbr="pubemq́">pubemque</expan>. </s> <s>Sabellam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Aſſuetumq́">Aſſuetumque</expan>. </s> <s>malo Ligurem, <expan abbr="Volſcoſq́">Volſcoſque</expan>. </s> <s>erutos</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Extulit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>” -vſque adeò, vt ex primo <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ortu euentura præfigi poſsint; <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nonnulla ſecus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> prædicta fuerint, <expan abbr="cadãt">cadant</expan>; fallaciis, aut <expan abbr="ignorãtiæ">ignorantiæ</expan> <expan abbr="prædicentiũ">prædicentium</expan> erit <expan abbr="tribuẽdũ">tribuendum</expan>; <lb></lb>ex quo fides arti derogata ſit, <expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> clara <expan abbr="documẽta">documenta</expan> apud Antiquos <expan abbr="extiterĩt">extiterint</expan>. </s> <s>Poſtremi hęc de fato <lb></lb><expan abbr="pronũciarunt">pronunciarunt</expan>; <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="mutuã">mutuam</expan> <expan abbr="cõplexionẽ">complexionem</expan> <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>, <expan abbr="desup̨">desuper</expan> <expan abbr="emanantẽ">emanantem</expan>, per <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> poſteriora ſemper priorib. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="obſecundẽt">obſecundent</expan>, & conſequentia in <expan abbr="antecedẽtia">antecedentia</expan> <expan abbr="reflectãtur">reflectantur</expan>: vtpote quę per ipſa fiant, & <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> ipſis effici <pb pagenum="606"></pb>nequeant: ex quo fit, vt antecedentibus ſemper ſubſequentia ſeruiant; quanquam id confusè ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3606"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modùm ab iis decretum eſt: nam cùm ordo inter cauſſas ſpectari poſsit, vel propter <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, vel pro<lb></lb>pter naturam, quandò Socrates <expan abbr="intuet̃">intuetur</expan> Sophroniſcum <expan abbr="patrẽ">patrem</expan>; reſpicit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> continens cęlum, & <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>; <lb></lb>ex his nonnulli videntur ſpectare ſolùm originem & tempus, & talem <expan abbr="nexũ">nexum</expan> inter cauſſas ſtatuere, <lb></lb>licet eum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſatis explicent; alij contrà. </s> <s>quamobrem in duas ſectas diſtributi ſunt, cùm ex his <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>quidam ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> principium referri putent; alij verò non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ab vno principio deriuari confirment. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſterioris ſententiæ auctores videntur etiam ex eo commoti, quia ſunt item actiones hominum <lb></lb>propriæ quæ tametſi neceſſariò fiunt, habent tamen propria principia à quibus neceſſariò mouentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>illi primi à connexione & ordine vniuerſi ad id adduci potuerunt: cętera parùm diſtant à ſuperio<lb></lb>ribus, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eiſdem propemodum, aut ſimilibus argumentis eorum ſententia conſtabiliri poſſet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3606"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In eos qui omnia neceſſariò euenire putabant, & generatim & ſigillatim <lb></lb>diſputatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED illorum opinio qui generatim poſuere neceſsitatem ineuitabilem in natura, quantum abſit <lb></lb>à vero, ex his opinor, quę dicentur, <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> conſtabit. </s> <s>Hîc autem, vt voto potiamur, obſeruan<lb></lb>dum erit Ariſtotelicum pręceptum; iubet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe, dum vrget Parmenidem, vbi quippiam <expan abbr="colligendũ">colligendum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3607"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit, antecedentia ſpectari, & ex iis, quæ comperta ſunt, ponere aut tollere conſequens; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> con<lb></lb>trà ex obſcuris euidentia oppugnare, ſic cùm ſecum pugnent neceſsitas & infinitas <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>, ex his <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> neceſsitas obſcurior ſit. </s> <s>igitur ex infinitate cauſſarum potius euertetur neceſsitas, quàm contrà <lb></lb>cauſſarum infinitas à neceſsitate oppugnetur. </s> <s>Atqui cauſſarum infinitas ex his maximè ſeſe prodit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tùm quòd <expan abbr="vnuſquiſq.">vnuſquiſque</expan> ſanę mentis approbat caſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> fortunam, <expan abbr="easq́">easque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi diligentius inſpexerit, <lb></lb>cauſſas per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõperit">comperit</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm id eſt in cauſsis per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> infinitas & indeter<lb></lb>minatio in agentib. aut patientib. per ſe: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in reb. natura conſtantib. eſt principium quoddam <lb></lb>quod poteſtas patibilis nuncupatur, & materia quæ contradicentia complectitur intra ſe; non igi<lb></lb>tur magis ad hoc, quàm ad oppoſitum ſuopte impulſo propenſa eſt. </s> <s>Rurſus & nos ipſi videmur eſſe <lb></lb>noſtrarum actionum potentes; quòd ſi neceſsitatem imponas, leges ſanè tollerentur, pœnæ <expan abbr="pręmia-q́ue">pręmia<lb></lb>que</expan> è ſtatu rei publicę deturbarentur, quæ tamen ſenſu communi approbante in ciuitate bene inſtitu<lb></lb>ta recipiuntur. </s> <s>Quæ item dementia eſt, dicere tot pulchra ædificia, tot quoque opificia ad corporis <lb></lb>cultum pertinentia fato, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> humana induſtria facta fuiſſe, & Orpheum tam egregiè fato lyram <lb></lb>pulſare? </s> <s>non erit itidem aliqua vis, aut omnino quicquam præter naturam; cùm tamen <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> <expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan> <lb></lb>vi ſurſum ferri perſpiciat, <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. </s> <s>non ſine vi manere: <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>ſine vlla violentia ſegregari, cùm ex infe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3608"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riore loco magno conatu abſtrahi ipſum oporteat. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> ſi non redundat natura, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item defi<lb></lb>cit, quandò vis conſultandi, & hoc præ altero ſeligendi nobiſcum orta <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> educata eſt: ex quo fit vt <lb></lb>ſic aut aliter agere, <expan abbr="pariq́">parique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione non agere poſsimus: certè negare non licet, quin aliqua neceſsita<lb></lb>te illa fatali non eueniant: nam ſi fatum ſit; omnia profectò concidant: nec quicquam in nobis ipſis <lb></lb>erit, aut etiam contingens, quod ad vtrumlibet appellant. </s> <s>Sigillatim verò contra priorem <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> <lb></lb>diſputabat Plotinus. </s> <s>nam ſic efficiunt iſti cauſſas corporeas quę tamen non ſufficiunt ad ea propagan<lb></lb>da quæ fiunt in eo mundo, qui intra Lunæ ſphęram comprehenditur, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> probè conficere potes <lb></lb>ex perpetuitate motus, &ex his, quæ cum 8. Phyſ. tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> 12. Met. longo progreſſu ab Ariſt. </s> <s>conclu<lb></lb>ſa ſunt. </s> <s>Mitto verò quòd aliena ratio nimis eſſet, ſi omnia materiæ tribuentes potiſsima <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> ge<lb></lb>nera deſpiciant, formam nimirùm efficiens, & finem. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quòd <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cauſſæ iſtę conſeruari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſſunt, ſi maneat fatum: ſiquidem fatum præſefert ordinem: nam cauſſæ illæ, præſertim atomi, <lb></lb>apud Democritum, ſine vllo ordine per inane concitantur. </s> <s>quemadmodum igitur citra vllum ordi<lb></lb>nem mouentur, ita etiam ſine ordine, & neceſsitate efficere cenſendum eſt: nam ſi infinitè agitentur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id quod ex earum motu infinito compactum eſt, infinitum ſit oportet: cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> obſeruemus ea, <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt à natura inſtituta, ex ordine quodam certo conſtare: ſemper enim cum hoc partium ordine, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3609"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quem nunc obtinent, equus & homo producuntur, vt nonmodò & finis <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſucceſſus ſit in <lb></lb>natura certus & definitus; ſed efficientia certa ſic efficiente <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & non aliter operante, niſi fuerit <lb></lb>impeditum: quod certè ex incerto illo atomorum concurſu fieri non poſſet. </s> <s>Prætereà non liceret ex <lb></lb>arte præſagire, vtputa, medico: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc incertè variarentur, ars autem verſatur in certis, vt ſi pro<lb></lb>nunciarit medicus, eum in quo ſit Hippocratica facies, extrema emortua, plumbeus color, <expan abbr="obiturũ">obiturum</expan> <lb></lb>quàm celerrimè diem ſuum: niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> opera fati intercedat, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi in oppoſitum nitatur, poterit ſanè <lb></lb>conualeſcere. </s> <s>Multa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in homine inſunt quæ ab atomorum concurſu non pendent. </s> <s>quę <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obſe<lb></lb>crò, atomi illę erunt quæ cauſſa ſint, cur ego ſim philoſophus, hic medicus, ille ſculptor? </s> <s>Prætereà ſic <lb></lb>fieret vt omnis motus à corpore, nullus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab animo naſceretur: atque ita efficeretur, vt in noſtris <lb></lb>functionib. corpori ſemper obſequeremur, aut potius ſeruiremus. </s> <s>At quàm ſæpæ fiunt in nobis alij <lb></lb>motus, & omnino corporis propenſioni repugnantes, vt dum contemplamur, dum continenter, aut <lb></lb>temperanter, aut etiam fortiter agimus? </s> <s>declinat enim corpus interitum, quantum poteſt: nihil illi <lb></lb>magis hoſticum: vir autem fortis, ſi fuerit opus, vitam ſexcenties in die fundet. </s> <s>Auctores <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecun<lb></lb>dę ſententię Stoici fuerunt. </s> <s>Contra ipſos etiam multa diſſeruntur, & ea pręcipuè illos oppugnant <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <pb pagenum="607"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3610"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>generatim aduerſus fati neceſsitatem paullò anteà fuerunt allata: quanquam multò melius ille <expan abbr="quã-uis">quan<lb></lb>uis</expan> fati patronus, Stoicum ſeruum refellit qui cum feciſſet furtum, & à domino plecteretur, ad excu<lb></lb>ſationem fatum allegarat: & ego, inquit ille, inuriam tibi non facio, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt ſic faciam, me fati ne<lb></lb>ceſsitas vrget. </s> <s>Verùm & ipſi pertinaciter reſiſtunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pudet eos inficiari quicquam eſſe in nob. </s> <s>aut <lb></lb>contingentia tollere, aut caſui <expan abbr="fortunæq́">fortunæque</expan>. </s> <s>repugnare: nam quicquid ita fit, etiam à cauſſa quæ neceſ<lb></lb>ſariò efficiat, autumant proficiſci. </s> <s>Sed ignotis inniti & axiomate minore vti (<foreign lang="grc">ἔλαττον ἀξιωμα</foreign> illud <lb></lb>Græci <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vocant, in quo minor eſt fides axiomatis, quàm concluſionis) vt ex iis confeſſa & perſpicua <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3611"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deſtruantur, viri nil planè intelligentis eſt. </s> <s>Quid <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſi dicant videbimus poſteà diligenter. </s> <s>Interim <lb></lb>verò cùm ipſis etiam ſigillatim dimicemus. </s> <s>Cæterùm ſuis ſeſe armis oppugnant. </s> <s>quoniam & ipſi <expan abbr="cõ-ſulunt">con<lb></lb>ſulunt</expan> & monent, & perſuadere nituntur, & in errantes animaduertunt, quorum ſanè nil neceſſe fo<lb></lb>ret, ſi fati virib. & nutu omnia regerentur. </s> <s>Inſuper & ipſi rerum omnium prouidentiam <expan abbr="concedũt">concedunt</expan>: <lb></lb>quamobrem negare non poſſunt, quin Deus omnium malorum caput, & auctor ſit. </s> <s>etenim mala & <lb></lb>peccata à natura, & à nob. </s> <s>committuntur. </s> <s>hæc ſi fato fiunt, & prouidentia quæ diuina functio repu<lb></lb>tatur, omnium cauſſa eſt: ſequitur profectò, vt & ipſa malorum omnium cauſſa ſit; quod tamen à <lb></lb>tanta maieſtate prorſus abhorrere cenſendum eſt. </s> <s>Inuehitur idem Plotinus acerrimè etiam in Aſtro<lb></lb>logos. </s> <s>Primùm cùm ſubiiciat eorum ſermo fato ipſi perturbationes, vitia, impetus animi, voluntates, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3612"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>nihil aſsignat quod noſtrum ſit; verùm facit, vt nos non aliter certè <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> lapides ad alterius arbi<lb></lb>trium, <expan abbr="ſusq́">ſusque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>agitemur. </s> <s>eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt continens, & cęlum corpora noſtra poſsit agere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> afficere; <lb></lb>non omnia tamen imperium in nos habent & poteſtatem, quòd etiam cum eiſdem cauſsis naturali<lb></lb>bus mores diuerſi <expan abbr="cõſiſtant">conſiſtant</expan>. </s> <s>Tùm præterea ſiquid eſt, in quod plus virium obtineat ambiens ipſum, <lb></lb>id eſt corporis noſtri tempera mentum: ſed ratio ſæpę illi aduerſatur. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi fateantur Aſtrologi, <lb></lb>nonmodò ſignificari euenta ab aſtris, ſed etiam proficiſci, ſæpe mentientur; tùm quia non ſuccedet <lb></lb>interdum id quod ſignificatur: tùm etiam quae effecta nonnunquam ſyderum configurationibus ante<lb></lb>cedunt, veluti cùm iudicium ferunt de generoſa ſtirpe nati: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſtirps generoſa fuerat, generis <lb></lb>continuationem generoſitate exprimente. </s> <s>Nec non eadem configuratio multis erit communis, quæ <lb></lb>tamen maximè variantur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> idem effectus ex diuerſis adeò configurationib. euenire poſsit, vt <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb>trucidatur exercitus qui ex innumerabili hominum multitudine conflatus eſt: variis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> temporibus <lb></lb>ortifuerant; & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vniuerſi ſimul eodem fato functi ſunt. </s> <s>Iudicant <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſi de fortuna parentum ex fi<lb></lb>liis qui nondum geniti ſunt: Prætereà de filiorum fortunis ex conditione parentum; nec dum <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>in lucem filij prodierunt. </s> <s>Ad hæc porrò à fratrum genituris eorum mortem, & ex mulierib. virorum <lb></lb>ſortes; nec quicquam ex his ab hora geniturę proficiſci poteſt. </s> <s>Nam quanuis hîc reſpondere poſsis, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3613"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea mutuam ad ſeſe habitudinem habere, veluti frater ad fratrem: ideò quod fit de fratre iudicium, <lb></lb>etiam de altero, tanquam ſub eandem rationem cadente, & ad ipſum ſpectante fieri. </s> <s>Fateor <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan> <lb></lb>ſanguinis coniunctionem multarum ſimilitudinum cauſſam eſſe poſſe quæ cùm item afferant eaſ<lb></lb>dem cogitationes, & eiſdem perturbationib. obnoxię ſint; etiam conſimiles euentus habere poſsint: <lb></lb>at quae ea quæ generatim eueniunt, quæ ſenſus communis aliunde eſſe iudicat, & ratò euenire, neque <lb></lb>certis de cauſsis obſeruat; ex fato deduci haud vnquam audebo affirmare. </s> <s>Legi apud varios aucto<lb></lb>res gemellos eiſdem morbis per ſtata tempora conflictari: hæc ſanè intrinſecus ortum habent: ſed <lb></lb>quae hic infeliciter nauigaturus ſit, ille ſtudiis operam daturus, alius domi re bene geſta cęteris vitam <lb></lb>celibem agentib. otio fruatur, quid ſanguinis coniunctio faciet? </s> <s>nihil'ne prorſus valebit in filios di<lb></lb>ſciplina, & exemplum domeſticum <expan abbr="imperiumq́">imperiumque</expan>. </s> <s>paternum? </s> <s>At cur, inquam ego, non in omnib. <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>iudicium de <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> fieri poteſt? </s> <s>mutuò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeſe intuentur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vna ipſorum cognitio, <expan abbr="vnaq́">vnaque</expan>. </s> <s>facultas, <lb></lb>vt dici ſolet. </s> <s>Non igitur fuit, vt vos Aegyptij & Babylonij, vnde hæc opinio primùm emanauit, tan<lb></lb>tum camporum veſtrorum patentium ęquorib. tribueretis, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nihil emineret, quod contem<lb></lb>plationi cęli poſsit officere, omnem rerum mortalium curam in ſyderum verſione poneretis. </s> <s>Ex his <lb></lb>igitur & aliis quibuſdam perſuadebitur facillimè quiuis. </s> <s>Aſtrologorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiam quæ cun<lb></lb>cta à cęlo vice neceſſaria ducat, inanem prorſus eſſe. </s> <s>Sigillatim etiam contra poſtremas diſputat <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3614"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>auctor. </s> <s>quia ſic foret, vt nullum eſſet opus <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> proprium; aut non ſecus, ac ſi non pedem moueri <lb></lb>diceremus. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pes mouetur, ſed nos per pedem, ſic. </s> <s>Deus ille erit qui per nos intelliget, per ter<lb></lb>ram generabit: quia nullum aderit ibi principium mouens aliud quod ſecundùm propriam ſuam <lb></lb>naturam à mouente motum diuerſum excipiat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nos ipſi intelligemus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> terra producet: ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mala per nos Deus ipſe efficiet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item vniuerſa motui ſubiecta & oppignerata erunt, nihil om<lb></lb>nino mobile ex ſeipſo: ita fiet, vt exiſtant imperfecta ſolùm, perfectum nullum: nullus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inerit <expan abbr="act9">actus</expan> <lb></lb>in iis proprius; at perfectius eſt actum aliquem poſsidere, quàm eo carere. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae ſi cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ proximæ cum remotis conferantur, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> ſingulari magis dominari proximæ videbuntur; Itaque <lb></lb>magis extabit in filio matris effigies, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> auiæ, & ignis calorem prius efficiet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae hyeme cogat frigus <lb></lb>Præterquam quòd de Deo nullam prorſus mentionem faciunt, ſed de cęlo tantummodò; atqui in <lb></lb>animum noſtrum cęlum nullam habet poteſtatem: nam quod materia conſtat ius, non habet in ea, <lb></lb>quæ ſunt à materia ſecreta. </s> <s>Hæc ſigillatim contra huiuſmodi ſententias breuiter dicta ſint.</s></p> <pb pagenum="608"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3607"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3608"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3609"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3610"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3611"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>lin. </s> <s>inſect.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3612"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3613"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3614"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad reſponſiones eorum qui aſſerunt fatum, nonnulla dicuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3615"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3615"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATTAMEN & ex huiuſmodi nodis eripere ſe conati ſunt earum patroni; quamobrem <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> <lb></lb>munus erit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, ſi quid ipſi ad obiecta reſponderint, vt aduertamus. </s> <s>Inter hos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> præcipuè Stoi<lb></lb>ci, aduerſus quos multa Alexander, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> complura nos ſelegimus, quæ contra fatum opponere<lb></lb>mus generatim, cùm ab ipſo ſigillatim in Stoicos allata fuerint. </s> <s>ideò nos eodem <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> duplici mu<lb></lb>nere perfungemur. </s> <s>Quod ergo pertinet ad ea quæ de caſu & fortuna fuerunt obiecta, dicunt ipſi nos <lb></lb>decipi exiſtimantes caſum & fortunam eſſe cauſſas infinitas, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> certę, & per ſe, non autem per ac<lb></lb>cidens: verùm in cauſsis per accidens numerantur & incertis, quia latent. </s> <s>Cæterùm aduerſus Stoi<lb></lb>cos. </s> <s>nam ſi tales habentur, quoniam occultę: certè ex regula analytica cauſſę omnes occultæ infini<lb></lb>tæ reputabuntur, & per accidens: ſic erunt cauſſæ per accidens veneficia amuleta, tractio ferri à ma<lb></lb>gnete: & omnia <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> quæ fiunt in natura per ſympathian & antipathian. </s> <s>Rurſus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eorum, quæ di<lb></lb>cimus eſſe fortuna & caſu, non omnium cauſſæ ſunt occultæ. </s> <s>Prætereà eædem <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> notæ, non<lb></lb>nullis ignotæ: quamobrem fiet, vt eædem res ſint & non ſint vnà fortuna & caſu: ſint ſanè ignaris <lb></lb>fortuna & caſus; ſcienti verò nequaquam: ſic ergo ficulnum auxilium, vt prouerbio fertur, afferunt <lb></lb>lapſui priori. </s> <s>Videamus & nunc quid reſpondeant ad ſecundùm quod ducitur à natura eius quod <lb></lb>fieri poteſt, & contingentis. </s> <s>Aiunt verò id quod fieri poteſt, non eo modo <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> eſſe quo vul<arrow.to.target n="marg3616"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gò circunfertur ea vox; ſed ita <expan abbr="definiendũ">definiendum</expan>, quod quando non eſt, non prohibetur, quin ſit: at quod <lb></lb>non prohibetur, ex certa cauſſarum ſerie <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ſic erit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id neceſſariò. </s> <s>quod igitur eſſe poteſt <lb></lb>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſe eſt aliquando eſſe; & contrà, quod prohibetur, quominus ſit, fieri non poterit. <lb></lb></s> <s>idcirco non erit, niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prohiberetur, eſſet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita neceſſariò foret: impeditur; ergo non erit: quapro<lb></lb>pter neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non erit; ſi minus, ergo eſſet, <expan abbr="néq.">néque</expan> id impediretur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> quod eſſe poteſt, ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt vt ſit, quae ſi non fuerit, non ſanè non fieri poſſe <expan abbr="exiſtimandũ">exiſtimandum</expan> eſt; ſed quae nullo pacto fieri queat. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic ergo quod eſſe poteſt idem eſt àc neceſſarium. </s> <s>Sed contrà hæc, ſi neceſſarium cum eo quod fieri <lb></lb>poteſt, conuenit; hoc aut eſſe poteſt ſolùm, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non eſſe. </s> <s>ſi dicas ipſum ſolummodò eſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> fiet, <lb></lb>vt nomine ſolùm neceſſarium, & id quod fieri poteſt, diſtinguantur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita quod eſſe poteſt, ſonus <lb></lb>inanis quidam ſit: quòd ſi contrà poteſt non eſſe, erit item neceſſarium non eſſe: idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ex <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>ſententia, quod fieri poteſt, & neceſſarium: ſi rem ſpectes quæ ipſi ſupponitur: ergo & eodem appo<lb></lb>ſito nulla variatio conſequetur; quare neceſſarium & poſſe non eſſe concinent, quod eſt <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="ab-ſurdiſsimũ">ab<lb></lb>ſurdiſsimum</expan>. </s> <s>Adde nunc: hoc igitur quod fieri poteſt, neceſſe erit eſſe: quare non continget non eſſe: <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita contingentia explodetur. </s> <s>Prætereà, vt dicit Alexander, neceſſarium duplex eſt: aut æternum <lb></lb>quod .ſ. </s> <s>ſine intermiſsione fit, vt ſyderum curſus: aut ex neceſsitate, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non ſemper eſt, vt eclip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3617"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſis, ſed aliquando tamen; ſic quae ego nunc ſcribam ex neceſsitate eſt: non neceſſarium tamen, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſemper ſcribo, ſed ea vis eſt fati, vt ſit id quod ęternum eſt. </s> <s>hoc igitur quando æternum non eſt, nul<lb></lb>lo modo ſubiicitur fato. </s> <s>Dixerunt alij quod fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & neceſſarium in hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõcordare">concordare</expan>, quae ex his <lb></lb>item quæ fato fiunt, quædam huiuſmodi ſunt, vt non impediant oppoſita, quominus fiant. </s> <s><expan abbr="quãob-rem">quanob<lb></lb>rem</expan>, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi non fiant, fieri <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> poſſunt; & fient: ac niſi fient, id idcirco eueniet, quia fieri non poterunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm igitur quod eſſe poteſt idem ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod non impeditur, quin olim ſit: ergo idem erit ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod poteſt eſſe. </s> <s>quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> impediatur quominus ſit, ita probant: afferas <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tu in <lb></lb>medio aliquid impediens. </s> <s>Mitto primùm, quae iſti probent nullum impediens adeſſe, quia lateat. </s> <s>quae ita <lb></lb>naturæ ordinem peruertant: nam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſcientia reb. poſterior ſit; ij ſcientiam reb. anteponunt. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quae apud præſcientes fieri poterunt, apud ignorantes verò nequaquam; ſpecto ſolùm quae in hac poſitio<lb></lb>ne aſſumptum fuerit, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>falsò, <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> obſtare impediens eo, quae id quod eſt cauſſa, vt hoc fiat, in cauſ<lb></lb>ſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, quominus fiat oppoſitum: nam ſic nullus modus, <expan abbr="nullaq́">nullaque</expan>. </s> <s>via ſuccurrit <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vnà defen<lb></lb>dere poſsint, quod eſſe poteſt, contingens & fatum. </s> <s>Ad id verò quod opponitur de eo, quod eſt in <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>de legib. de pœnis & pręmiis. </s> <s>quantum ad id quod in nob. </s> <s>eſt: id negant, tantummodò conce<lb></lb>dunt, quædam fieri per nos homines; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> à nob. </s> <s>& id potiſsimum; quia ſine cauſſa fierent: at ni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3618"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hil ſine cauſſa fieri poſſe putant: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> noſtrorum motuum cauſſam fingunt ipſi phantaſiam, hęc ve<lb></lb>rò ab externis obiectis, & à continente agitatur; ſed cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fato obediant, faciunt quidem, vt fato <lb></lb>phantaſia moueatur; & ſic nos ab ea neceſſariò mouemur. </s> <s>Opinionem hanc plurib. locis agitauit Ale<lb></lb>xander, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> concluſit demum, vt res eſt; non eſſe motus eoſdem in nob. </s> <s>& qui à phantaſia fieri ſo<lb></lb>lent. </s> <s>Tum quia ſæpe phantaſiæ repugnamus, tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quòd ſic à beſtiis non differremus. </s> <s>Teſtabatur <lb></lb>item Plotinus: quoniam ſi ita ageremus, vti dicunt, fieret, vt moueremur aſsiduè ad corporis mo<lb></lb>tus: at nos ſæpe etiam aduerſus eius propenſionem mouemur. </s> <s>Multa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dicit Alexander ad <expan abbr="oſtẽ-dendum">oſten<lb></lb>dendum</expan>, vt in nob. </s> <s>eſt motus; ſed de hoc aliàs. </s> <s>Quod adiungunt illi, quoniam fieri poſſet aliquid ſi<lb></lb>ne cauſſa; animaduerſum eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab Alexandro; & hoc ſoluere conatur ipſe bifariam; primò per anti<lb></lb>paraſtaſin aliquid ſine cauſſa fieri concedens: nam quod per accidens eſt, verè non eſt: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vnde cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3619"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſa per accidens cauſſa non eſt, in quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> probabat Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eos qui nihil à fortuna fieri dicerent, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3620"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non fieret quicquam ab ipſa per ſe. </s> <s>Proptereà falſum eſt, id quod fit, habere ſemper cauſſas per ſe, & <lb></lb>ſubinde neceſſarium nexum cum illis. </s> <s>præterquam quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fieret ex hoc ordine, vt conſequentia omnia <lb></lb>forent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> antecedentia: quandoquidem, vt hoc ex illo; ita ex hoc aliud exiſtit: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ante hoc illud <pb pagenum="609"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3621"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>extitit, ſic ab hoc & poſt hoc aliud exiſtet in perpetuum: atqui multa ſunt quæ ſunt effectus ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, & nullo modo cauſſæ. </s> <s>quare etiam patet, quantum abetrauerint in eo, quòd nihil attribuerint <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>ſed in libro de fato, vbi dicitur à Stoicis, aliquid fore ſine cauſſa, reſpondet Alexander per enſta<lb></lb>ſin; id eſſe falſum eo, quae nos ipſi cauſſa ſumus: nam, cùm deliberamus, reſoluimus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> noſtrum conſi<lb></lb>lium in aliquod primùm, quod ſpectamus, vtrùm in nob. </s> <s>poſitum ſit nec'ne: ac ſi tale fuerit cęptum <lb></lb>propoſitum aggredimur: hinc dictum eſſe, nos eſſe futurorum principiorum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quod verò perti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3622"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>net ad leges; alio modo rem ipſam Stoici, ac Peripatetici tractarunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex eo quae eſſent Dij, leges <lb></lb>item eſſe concludere tentarunt; argumentabantur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc pacto: ſi non eſt lex, rectè facta non ſunt: <lb></lb>ergo ſi rectè facta ſunt, lex ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Deinde ſi non rectè facta, nec virtus. </s> <s>ſi non virtus; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>Dij: ſed Dij ſunt: ergo virtus, recte facta igitur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> lex. </s> <s>nec <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> leges obuiare neceſsitati, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>pœnæ, aut pręmia: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nob. </s> <s>indicare quid agendum ſit: ſed quod' nam bene, aut perperam geſtum <lb></lb>fuerit, ea tamen omnia neceſſariò fient. </s> <s>At hoc ita videtur abſurdum, vt confutatione non egeat: ne<lb></lb>que vnquam hoc ratio <expan abbr="cõuincet">conuincet</expan>, modò ſenſui <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iis quę à Peripateticis argumentis certiſsimis <lb></lb>peracta ſunt, imitatur. </s> <s>Ad id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quod à diuinatione contra illos aſſumptum eſt, prouidentiam <expan abbr="ponẽ-tes">ponen<lb></lb>tes</expan> ita dicunt, hæc à Diis ipſis effici; propterea prędici poſſe, quemadmodum ſunt. </s> <s>At opponit Ale<lb></lb>xander, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vaticinij rationem conſtituram, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vſum: non ſanè rationem, quia vaticinium eſt in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3623"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicatio, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cauſſa efficiens: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vſum: quoniam ita ſuccedet, nec præmonere iuuabit, quandò <lb></lb>ſic nulla cuſtodia poterit adhiberi: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuccedet nullo aduerſus id præualente impedimento, <lb></lb>aut illo etiam per neceſſario. </s> <s>Satis hactenus aduerſus Stoicos diſputatum eſt: conuertamus modo <lb></lb>nos ad Mathematicos, & quanquam hoc loco de celeſti influxu multa dicenda nobis ſuppeditant <lb></lb>Mathematici; quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> id alio loco tractandum commodius eſt: & quia de cęli inſtrumentis in Me<lb></lb>teorologia verba facturi ſumus; interim; tametſi complura in Aſtrologos allata nouimus; <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> eo<lb></lb>rum ars eleuetur, & à Pico Philoſopho <expan abbr="Theologoq́">Theologoque</expan>. </s> <s>illuſtri. </s> <s>multis argumentis acta res eſt. </s> <s>hæc ex Iu<lb></lb>lio Firmico & Plotino dicamus, quantum ad illa pertinet, quæ nos in eorum ſententiam olim indu<lb></lb>ximus. </s> <s>Cęlum ſanè noſtratia corpora agitare <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>miris modis; animam <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>. </s> <s>non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> quidem, ſed <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <lb></lb>quæ rationis compos eſt, ſuperare non poſſe. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola ſui iuris eſt, vt plurib. argumentis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id <lb></lb>infrequenter Alexander ipſe perſuaſit; quem imitatus eſt poſtea D. Thomas: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> verùm quae anima <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3624"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corporis eſt affinis, ex hoc item effici, vt eius mores, niſi aliter inſtituatur & temperetur; id quod ex <lb></lb>aſſuetudine ſuccedit, corporis temperiem conſequantur: quemadmodum nos item docuit vberri<lb></lb>mè Galenus. </s> <s>Idcirco <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per accidens euenit, vt cęlum ius habeat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> imperium in animam <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>, <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> neceſſariò. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt Aſtrologi nil aliud prænunciare poſsint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea quæ ex tem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3625"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perie corporis oriuntur: quæ item præuidere poſſet naturalis philoſophus ex crebra animaduerſio<lb></lb>ne qualitatum primarum, & eorum quæ notata ſunt, obſeruatione diuturna quæ certè in reb. omni<lb></lb>bus peritiam affert incredibilem. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> abſolutè poſſunt cęli ſuperare <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, cuius rei cauſ<lb></lb>ſa reddetur aliàs accuratè <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab ipſa exiſtit aduerſitas, & pugna, atque impedimenta quæ cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ contingentiæ fore monſtrabuntur. </s> <s>licet nexus inter cauſſas & effecta plurimum ſeruetur; natura <lb></lb>enim maiore ex parte ad exoptatum finem peruenire conſueuit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3616"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3617"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3618"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3619"></margin.target>a 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3620"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3621"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3622"></margin.target>a Lib. <foreign lang="grc"><gap></gap><lb></lb>ρὶ ἐπμ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3623"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3624"></margin.target>b 3 <expan abbr="Cõtra">Contra</expan> <lb></lb>G<gap></gap>t. </s> <s>c. 87.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3625"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aduerſus Pomponatium qui Stoicos defendebat. </s> <s>Caput XLIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CUM Alexandro pro Stoicis accerrimè dimicauit Pomponatius in eo libro quem ipſe de fato <lb></lb>ſcripſit copioſiſsimè: quanquam (vt mea fert opinio) liber ille typis excuſus mutatus eſt <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> <lb></lb>in modum ab eo quem olim manuſcriptum in manib. habueram: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt ille Peripateticorum dog<lb></lb>mata defenſurus, parum habuit curæ, quantum diſcederet à legib. <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ne opiniones illæ falſæ imbi<lb></lb>berentur ab adoleſcentibus non tantum ea ſemota ſunt quæ videri impia potuiſſent; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>hactenus <lb></lb>bene: ſed temeat, inſeuit ille corrector non pauca quæ vniuerſam illam ſcriptionem fœdarent turpiſ<lb></lb>ſimis repugnantiis quicquid ſit, in Alexandrum pro Stoicis inuehitur, & cùm obiiciebat ipſe aduer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3626"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus eos qui fortunam cum fato conſiſtere profiterentur; quae ita caſus diceretur: quoniam cauſſa occul<lb></lb>ta foret, ſed nihilominus certa; quandoquidem cauſſa infinita eſſet, & per accidens. </s> <s>contra dicebat <lb></lb>Pomponatius, effectus etiam qui caſu ſubſiſtit, eſt à cauſſa definita: proptereà quae eſt à cauſſa illa quæ <lb></lb>plurimum ſanè operatur per ſe: veruntamen alio modo diſpoſita efficit id quod rarò ſpectatur. </s> <s>De<lb></lb>inde cauſſa cuiuſpiam effectus aut eſt integra & abſoluta, ac prima, vt ea .ſ. </s> <s>primùm poſita <expan abbr="conſeq́ua-tur">conſequa<lb></lb>tur</expan> effectus, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> plena, ſed imperfecta: certè quiuis effectus à cauſſa illa integra per ſe producitur: <lb></lb>ergo & ille qui caſu ſucceſsit. </s> <s>quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> talis effectus à cauſſa definita naſcetur: ita falſum deprehen<lb></lb>detur id, quod Alexander obiecit: rectè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dici poterit, quoniam ſpatiabar in foro, amicum offendi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Antiquam verò fuiſſe ſententiam hanc, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò ipſius Hippocratis, vel Galeno teſte nouimus. </s> <s>ip<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à fortuna quicquam fieri negabat, ſed omnia cauſſas certas, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> emanarent, obtinere: fortu<lb></lb>nam verò & caſum, ad nos eſſe ſolùm, & tale cauſſarum genus ab exiſtimatione noſtra potius, quàm <lb></lb>è naturę ſinu erupiſſe. </s> <s>eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verba ſunt hæc. <foreign lang="grc">ἡμῖν μὲν αὐτὸματον, αἱτία δὲ ουκ αὐτόματον</foreign>. </s> <s>id eſt no<lb></lb>bis quidem caſu; cauſſæ verò non caſu, cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiæ ſubſcripſit Plutarchus, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ab etuditiſ<lb></lb>ſimis <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> viris hodie retinetur. </s> <s>Veruntamen & ſi habent ſinguli effectus ſuas cauſſas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam <pb pagenum="610"></pb>proximas, vnde proficiſcantur: non tamen hoc prohibet, quominus ſint fortuna & caſus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> pote<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3627"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rant illæ cauſſæ non eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in rerum ſucceſſu certam <expan abbr="ſeriẽ">ſeriem</expan> ſibi vendicarunt, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maxime, quae e po<lb></lb>ſtremis hiſce cauſsis à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> fortuna pendet, & caſus, nulla per ſe idonea eſt effectum producere: ſed <lb></lb>aut eſt veluti inſtrumentum quod à ſuperiore quadam cauſſa dirigi oportet, aut ad alium finem or<lb></lb>dinata, cui cùm cauſſa illa poſtrema non ſeruiat; per ſe incerta eſt, & in caſum <expan abbr="fortunamq́">fortunamque</expan>. </s> <s>degene<lb></lb>rat: ac ſiquis vim cauſſæ finitæ velit exquiſitius explicare, is eam collocabit in hoc; quae in certum ſco<lb></lb>pum dirigitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum per certa media conſequitur, niſi accidat impedimentum, quæ cùm abſint à <lb></lb>fortuna & caſu, cauſſæ quidem ſunt, & definitæ ſic, quoniam ab illis effectus quidam emánet ſingu<lb></lb>laris, ſed ipſe per accidens eſt, quoniam à cauſſa primò mouente, non requirebatur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item cauſ<lb></lb>ſę ſuperiores ad eiuſmodi effectum inſtituebantur. </s> <s>quamobrem definitæ cauſſæ minus proprie ſunt <lb></lb>habendæ: <expan abbr="tuq́">tuque</expan>. </s> <s>qui in anguſtiis hiſce verſaris, hoc dictum tibi tolle, & memoriæ commenda. </s> <s>Confir<lb></lb>matur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> propoſitum ex natura accidentis: etenim ſic ſpectatur, quatenus alteri ineſt: quapropter <lb></lb>cauſſa albedinis certa eſt, & in muſico, qui per accidens albus eſt, tamen quae in muſico inhæreat, eſt per <lb></lb>accidens. </s> <s>idcirco ex maiore neceſſaria & minore contingentę contingens concluſio colligitur. </s> <s>ita <lb></lb>cauſſa inueniendi Theſaurum definita & certa per ſe eſt, ſed quae fodiens gratia plantandi Theſaurum <lb></lb>inueniat; & cauſſa, & effectus ſunt per accidens, & infinita. </s> <s>Non obſtat igitur caſui & fortunæ, vt à <lb></lb>cauſſa definita propagentur, dum eiuſmodi non ſint, ſi cum illo conferantur, cui dicuntur euenire <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3628"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fortuna, & caſu. </s> <s>Non vidit igitur id Pomponatius. </s> <s>Præterea falſum illud reputo, quae à cauſſa à qua per <lb></lb>ſe producitur effectus, plurimum proficiſcatur; alia verò ratione diſpoſita fiat id quod minori ex pat<lb></lb>re ſuccedit. </s> <s>nam ſi inde erumpit effectus, hoc eſt per accidens; & in eo poſita eſt ratio fortunæ & ca<lb></lb>ſus. </s> <s>Rurſus vbi teſtatur à tota cauſſarum complexione effectum illum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> deriuari, quanuis tota <lb></lb>illa cauſſarum complexio ſit eius euenti cauſſa, & vbi ita ſit, maneant adhuc cum cauſſæ certitudine <lb></lb>fortuna & caſus. </s> <s>At, tametſi extat illa cauſſarum complexio, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>certa illius euenti cauſſa, tamen per <lb></lb>accidens eſt. </s> <s>illa per ſe complexio cauſſarum eſt, vbi ad hominem producendum ſol, & homo con<lb></lb>currunt: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inter ſe ita connexa & apta ſunt, vt <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ex his per ſe, alterum quidem primò, alte<lb></lb>rum verò proximè ad effectum conducat. </s> <s>ideò quod vir hic, cęteroqui maiorum noſtrorum multò <lb></lb>doctiſsimus eſt profeſſus, culpa non vacat. </s> <s>Nam quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ille <expan abbr="ſubiũgit">ſubiungit</expan> has omnes cauſſas ad eiuſmo<lb></lb>di effectum propagandum per ſe conueniſſe ex imperio cauſſę vniuerſalis; (ad hanc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tanquam ad <lb></lb>aram confugiunt è Latinis complures, vbi à propria rerum natura cauſſas euentorum reddere ne<lb></lb>ſciunt) & hinc nil per accidens euenire teſtantur; ſed propter illius vniuerſitatem omnia ab hac per <lb></lb>ſe ipſa pendere. </s> <s>Hoc item nil aliud eſt, ac principium ſibi dari velle: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> oportebat cauſſam il<lb></lb>lam ſuperiorem ad talem effectum dirigi, id quod in præſentia dubitamus: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi eſſet; effectus ille <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3629"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ſemel, aut bis, ſed plurimùm eueniret: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa illa prima operatur, niſi vniformiter, & <lb></lb>plurimùm; ſi non neceſſariò: & quod plurimum eſt, per ſe & ſecundùm naturam eſt; quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rarò, <lb></lb>per accidens, & præter naturam; & ſine quo tantum abeſt, vt natura non conſiſtat, vt ſi non abſit, <expan abbr="lõ-gè">lon<lb></lb>gè</expan> melius ſe habitura ſit. </s> <s>Illud item pro Stoicis dictum eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi opponitur, fruſtra nos habere <lb></lb>conſulendi facultatem (nam quod ipſe pro Stoicis aliquando prædicauit, nos item de neceſſariis ha<lb></lb>bere conſultationem, non placet) & negat ipſe, quia conſultatio non facit, quominus ea geramus <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <lb></lb>gerere neceſſe eſt, non admodum firmum eſſe puto: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> video, cur fruſtra data non ſit homini <lb></lb>conſultatio, quandoquidem etiam ſi non conſultemus, id quod euenire neceſſe eſt, ſine dubio eueni<lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>Non concedunt etiam facilè argumentum illud quod ab arbitrij noſtri libertate ductum eſt: nam <lb></lb>inquiunt, arbitrium noſtrum in eo ſolum eſſe poſitum, quae velimus, aut nolimus; ſed dum volumus, <lb></lb>nolle non licet: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ita perſuadebat Pomponatius, quoniam ab eodem quatenus idem, non niſi <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>proficiſci poteſt: ſed hîc velle ineſt in voluntate: ergo ita vult, vt nolle non poſsit. </s> <s>At verò mihi pla<lb></lb>cet ipſam etiam, dum vult, poſſe nolle: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt facultas quædam quæ ſuopte impulſu ad oppoſita <lb></lb>contendit, & ex duob. </s> <s>appetitibus compoſita participe rationis, & bruto, diuerſos habet fines: pro <lb></lb>finium ergo ratione, & appetitum adeò contrariorum certamine modò vult, aliàs <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> repudiat: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>id quod anteà volebat, poſteà non vult. </s> <s>Fateor planè eodem temporis puncto non poſſe ſimul velle, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3630"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& nolle; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duo actus oppoſiti conſiſtunt, ſed cùm libertas humana ſit poteſtas, poteſtas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>reſpiciat oppoſita, cum viciſsitudine autem, dico effici, vt id quod nunc vult, alias nolle queat, aut <lb></lb>noluerit: & in hoc poſita eſt humana libertas. </s> <s>Do etiam libertatem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pertinere ad, primum finem: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſt hoc non optari, ſed eorum quæ ordinantur ad ipſum, dico eſſe libertatem. </s> <s>Aſſero <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>etiam dum vult, neceſſariò velle, nam quod eſt, quatenus eſt, neceſſe eſt eſſe. </s> <s>ſed cùm velit id quod <lb></lb>nolle potuit, cùm actus ille pendeat ex ipſa, ſic & in electione, & deliberatione, & exſecutione liber<lb></lb>tas apparet quæ neceſsitati aduerſatur. </s> <s>Sed de his vberius aliàs.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3626"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3627"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3628"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3629"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3630"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm omnia contingenter, an neceſſariò fiant. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS viſum eſt, neceſsitatem ad vniuerſa quæ fiunt in mundo, non pertinere, quem<lb></lb>admodum Stoici, Aſtrologi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alij nonnulli Peripateticè profeſsi ſunt. </s> <s>ſupereſt igitur, vt <expan abbr="fiãt">fiant</expan> <lb></lb>contingenter. </s> <s>Sed hîc dubitari poſſet, vtrùm nihil neceſſariò fiat, verùm omnia contingenter, aut po<pb pagenum="611"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg3631"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tius quædam tantùm. </s> <s>In qua ſanè diſceptatione tres ego ſententias <expan abbr="patronũ">patronum</expan> habuiſſe perſpicio. </s> <s>Pri<lb></lb>mam quidem, quam deſendebat Epicurus qui omnem ordinem in rerum natura, fatum <expan abbr="prouiden-tiamq́">prouiden<lb></lb>tiamque</expan>. </s> <s>omnem impudentiſsimè negauit, faciens Deos omni mortalium cura exemptos, ideò creber<lb></lb>rima, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem triſtia cadere in bonos, lęta apud deteriores eſſe. </s> <s>Alteram verò quam approba<lb></lb>uit Democritus qui quidem poſuit contingentiam in motu principiorum, neceſsitatem verò in iis <lb></lb>quę ex principiis oriuntur. </s> <s>Ac tertiam mediam quandam, cui nos item, quantum in nob. </s> <s>erit, ex Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis iudicio patrocinamur, quicquid M. Tullius dicat, qui Ariſtotelem cum Democrito, Heracli<lb></lb>to, & Empedocle numerat quorum ea ſententia fuiſſet, omnia ita fato fieri, vt id fatum vim neceſsi<lb></lb>tatis afferret, eſſe nimirum principia quædam neceſſaria, nonnulla contingentia, <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>prodire quoſ<lb></lb>dam effectus neceſſarios, alios <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contingentes. </s> <s>Epicuri ſententia ab illo potius optata, quàm defen<lb></lb>ſa & munita rationib. Sed eum perſuadere potuit infinitus iſte numerus cauſſarum, infinitas & enor<lb></lb>mitas euentorum. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae ſicuti cauſſæ fortuitæ cum Democrito ab ipſo ſunt poſitæ, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <lb></lb>ego intelligere poſſum, ſatius eſſe cenſuit, ſi effectus fortuiti, quàm neceſſarij <expan abbr="ponerẽtur">ponerentur</expan>, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum fecerat ante ipſum Democritus, nam cauſſæ proximæ ſemper effectib. proportione reſpondere <lb></lb>debent, <expan abbr="eisq́">eisque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimiles eſſe. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà quae exiſtimauit Deos. </s> <s>his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> adde cęleſtia corpora, quandoqui<lb></lb>dem & ipſa dij ſunt habita, viuere beatiſsimè. </s> <s>quamobrem ab eorum cura abhorrere, <expan abbr="ſecurumq́ue">ſecurumque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3632"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>æuum degere, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ordine vacare, & ſubinde temere <expan abbr="inconſtanterq́">inconſtanterque</expan>. </s> <s>propagare ſuos ef<lb></lb>fectus, cùm cæteroqui ſine cura hæc adminiſtrari non poſſent: ea verò vitam ipſorum beatiſsimam <lb></lb><expan abbr="vndequaq.">vndequaque</expan> macularet. </s> <s>Cęterùm quot res dabant, vt perſentiſceret Epicurus, alicuius finis ergo ope<lb></lb>rari naturam? </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>complura in auctores huius ſententiæ concluſit, docens naturam ſpectare <lb></lb>ſemper finem quę poterat Epicurus ipſe optimè conſiderare ſigno illud eſſe, quòd natura eandem <lb></lb>agendi rationem & viam perpetuò retineret: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex ſemine leonis coruus, aut ex equi ſemi<lb></lb>ne aquila fiebat. </s> <s>Prætereà venatus eſt via motus primum mouens a quo omnis ordo cæleſtium pri<lb></lb>mò, deinde caducorum per cæleſtia penderet: ideò miſſam faciamus hanc ſententiam, tanquam om<lb></lb>nium abſurdiſsimam, & <expan abbr="cõuertamus">conuertamus</expan> nos ad eas quæ placuit Democrito: ea verò ſe habebat in duo <lb></lb>capita, prout ipſe in principijs geminam rationem ſpectabat: alteram quidem abſolutè ſumptis, ne<lb></lb>que relatis ad ſuas cauſſas, alteram verò, quantum ad cauſſas referebantur, & in ipſis per ſe <expan abbr="contingẽ-tia">contingen<lb></lb>tia</expan> collocata eſt; in effectib. autem neceſsitas. </s> <s>Sed cùm pars hæc poſterior ſatis anteà confutata fuerit <lb></lb>qua docuimus ex ipſis principiis effectus etiam non neceſſarios, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſariò conſequi, at quod at<lb></lb>tinet ad principiorum conſtitutionem, reprehendit illum acerrimè Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Primùm <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> vbi for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3633"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuna dominatur, ibi parum ordinis eſt: ſed hîc in principijs & cauſsis ordo maximus: quis igitur il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3634"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>la poſuerit eſſe fortuita? </s> <s>Rurſus efficeretur, ſi principia fortuita forent, vt quippiam ipſis antecede<lb></lb>ret: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nullo modo ſtatui poſſent principia. </s> <s>Primum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vult eſſe principium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex alio produ<lb></lb>ci, ſed fortuitum ſine cauſſa antecedente nunquam ſubſiſtit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> principium igitur. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fortuitum <lb></lb>quod euenit in illis quæ fiunt à mente humana: quamobrem mens ipſa fortuito præcedit. </s> <s>Nec non <lb></lb>ea quæ fiunt à fortuna, ſunt ex iis quæ rarò eueniunt, & infrequenter admodùm; at principia ſunt <lb></lb>frequenter, & ex iis multa perpetua manant, quæ non niſi ex conſimili cauſſa deduci queunt: non <lb></lb>igitur à fortuna, tanquàm à principio, proficiſcuntur. </s> <s>Prætereà cauſſarum naturalium quædam ſunt <lb></lb>fines, aliarum finis eſt, vt efficientis & materiæ; fortuna <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> finis eſt. </s> <s>quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conſtituat finem actio<lb></lb>num ſuarum inſtabilem & incertum, & quomodo collimet in ſcopum ſagittarius, ſi ſcopus euage<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæreat fixus è regione? </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item gratia finis eſt: nam quo pacto ab incerto principio cer<lb></lb>tus exitus erumpet? </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magis ab ipſo ſuccedet, quàm adeptio ſcopi ab imperito ſagittario, <expan abbr="te-mereq́">te<lb></lb>mereque</expan>. </s> <s>ſagittam <expan abbr="iaculãte">iaculante</expan>. </s> <s>Fortuna igitur naturale principium eſſe nequit. </s> <s>Poſtremò, quæ fiunt à for<lb></lb>tuna, fortuita ſunt, hoc eſt, infirma & inſtabilia; quamobrem, ſi fortuna principium foret, ea quæ à ta<lb></lb>li principio ortum ducerent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> certa <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> perpetua, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> maiore ex parte eueniret; atqui multa <lb></lb>quidem ordinata & certa in natura fieri iugiter obſeruamus; non ergo fiunt à fortuna. </s> <s>quapropter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3635"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa principium omnium rerum ſtatuenda eſt. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt ſi contrarię falſæ ſunt, quemad<lb></lb>modum concluſimus. </s> <s>quæ ſub illis ſunt, verę ſint; nimirum, quae è reb. natura conſtantib. quædam fieri <lb></lb>contingat, alia neceſſariò fiant. </s> <s>Ex his etiam ſequitur, vt aut non omnia fato fiant, ſi ipſum neceſsita<lb></lb>tis vim pręſefert, aut fatum ipſum contingentiæ non aduerſetur, aut tertiò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omnia fato, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>fatum prorſus arcere contingentiam. </s> <s>Horum autem vtrum ex Ariſtotelis ſententia quam hoc loco <lb></lb>nos perſequi conſtituimus, dicere oporteat, poſthàc videndum eſt. </s> <s>Sed quoniam ad ea quæ de fato <lb></lb>mox dicenda ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad illa quæ poſthàc de prouidentia diſputabimus, nec non ad ea quæ de ca<lb></lb>ſu & fortuna diſſeruntur ab Ariſtotele, conferet admodum cognitio contingentis & neceſſarij, non <lb></lb>ab re fore exiſtimabo, ſi rem hanc aliqua diligentia tractauero, & <expan abbr="vtriusq.">vtriusque</expan> naturam paucis explica<lb></lb>ro. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id è ſententia ſuccedat, in iis explicandis ordinem hunc tenere inſtituimus, vt <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> po<lb></lb>teſtatem eiuſmodi vocum exponamus, deinde euoluamus, vnde ſint, hoc eſt, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cauſsis profici<lb></lb>ſcantur vltimò quid ipſa ſint, breuiter colligamus. </s> <s>Ergo, quod nos contingens appellamus, Græci <expan abbr="nũ-cuparunt">nun<lb></lb>cuparunt</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ἐνδεχόμενον ἐνδέχεσθαι</foreign> verò <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> valere generatim videtur, quod <foreign lang="grc">ἐν αὑτῷ δέχεσθαι</foreign>, hoc <lb></lb>eſt, in ſe excipere: vnde <foreign lang="grc">ἑνδέχεται ὑπάρχειν & ἐν δέχεται ἄλλως̀ ἔχειν</foreign>. </s> <s>quoniam alienum ſit à re <lb></lb>de qua prædicatur: idcirco etiam habet ancipitem naturam, & ad id, vt inſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad oppoſitum: cùm <pb pagenum="612"></pb>alioqui neceſſarium ſit id quod inuariabili modo ſe habet, quoniam familiare & internum ſit. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3636"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam <foreign lang="grc">δύναμις</foreign> infinitatem illam præſeferre videatur quam poteſtatem dicimus nos, ſiue potentiam, <lb></lb>licèt ambiguo nomine notantes habitudinem rei ad actum, & indeterminationem illam de qua <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>agimus, quas ab Arabib. Auerroe teſte, diuerſis <expan abbr="expreſsã">expreſsam</expan> vocib. fuiſſe ſcimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>poteſtatis, <expan abbr="indeterminationẽ">indeterminationem</expan> verò poſsibilitatis <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="ſingnificatã">ſingnificatam</expan>. </s> <s>contingens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tollat <expan abbr="habi-litatẽ">habi<lb></lb>litatem</expan>, & <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> vna ſingnificet, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, vt <expan abbr="cõtingens">contingens</expan> alio <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan>, vt fieri poſsit, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt <foreign lang="grc">δυνατὸν</foreign><lb></lb><expan abbr="nominet̃">nominetur</expan>. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ab ipſo Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">δυν́ατον</foreign> (vtar <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> crebrius hac voce, quam etiam idem expreſſurus <lb></lb>M. Tullius frequentiſsimè vſurpauit) & contingens diſiuncta fuerint; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> contingens id appella<lb></lb>tur <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod quidem non eſt, eſſe poteſt tamen. <foreign lang="grc">δυνατὸν</foreign> verò, quod nunc ſanè eſt, ſed non eſſe poteſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3637"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nihilominus hæc diſtinctio rationis, quàm rei potius eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtraq.">Vtraque</expan> verò & communiter & propriè <expan abbr="dicũ-tur">dicun<lb></lb>tur</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> tam <foreign lang="grc">δυνατὸν</foreign>, quàm contingens conſiderari poſſunt, aut ſecundùm habilitatem <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan>, cui <lb></lb>nomen Græci dederunt <foreign lang="grc">ἐπι τηδειότητα</foreign>, aut infinitatem, aut <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ac ſi ex habilitate ſola ſpecten<lb></lb>tur, ita etiam complectuntur id quod eſt actu: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm hoc, ſed prætereà neceſſarium ipſum: <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſi fuerit ſimpliciter: ſi ſpectetur ratiò ſuæ infinitatis, etiam communiter ſumi poſſunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex his <lb></lb>quæ ſunt indeterminata adeſſe & ad non eſſe, quædam actu ſunt quæ item <foreign lang="grc">δυνατὰ</foreign> & contingen<lb></lb>tia dici queunt, quia tametſi actu ſubſiſtunt, non eſſe poſſunt; & ita ſunt, vt <expan abbr="quandoq́ue">quandoque</expan> non fuerint <lb></lb>aut futura non ſint. </s> <s>Propriè verò ſecundùm <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> accipiuntur ſpectata ratione habilitatis .ſ. </s> <s>& in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3638"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finitatis, quo pacto veluti contraria neceſſario <expan abbr="opponũtur">opponuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt vnius negatio cum alterius <lb></lb>affirmatione conueniat, quemadmodum quod fieri nequit, & <foreign lang="grc">ἀδύνατον</foreign> cum eo quod neceſſarium <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>Hìc verò de tertio hoc ſignificato, quo cum habilitate ſpectatur infinitas, agendum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3631"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3632"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3633"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 45. <lb></lb>T. 67. <lb></lb>T. 77.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3634"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3635"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3636"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3637"></margin.target>a 1. Prior. <lb></lb>r. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3638"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid neceſſarium ſit, & eius ſpecies, & cauſſæ generatim exponuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CONTINGENS autem in natura rerum dari dubium eſſe non debet; nam complura talia <lb></lb>ſunt quæ varios exitus habeant, cùm in natura veluti quae aqua tepida ſit, aut frigida, ſaxum <lb></lb>humi, an ſuſpenſum: tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> apud nos, vt quae ego ſim æget aut ſanus, mihi hoc facienti id ſuccedat, <lb></lb>aut aliud quid: & medico vt ſanet, aut occidat, quæ videntur, vt dicebat Alexander, magno interual<lb></lb>lo ſeiungi ab alijs quibuſdam, quorum non niſi vna facultas eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actus vnus, ſiue ea ſint æterna; <lb></lb>& immortalia, ſiue mortali concretione conflata: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eadem eſt ignis ratio: nam ſemper eſt ca<lb></lb>lidus; ac ſi illi calorem eripueris, è veſtigio interibit: Huc pertinent ea quæ de caſu & fortuna dicun<lb></lb>tur, etenim ſunt indefinita, nec plurimùm ſuccedunt. </s> <s>monſtra item, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> certum habent euentum; <lb></lb>nec ex ordine naturæ ſubſiſtunt, quemadmodum poſteà dicemus. </s> <s>ita vt de eo quae tale rerum genus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3639"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in natura conſiſtat, dubitari non oporteat, ideò properemus ad alia. </s> <s>Cùm verò contingens hoc cum <lb></lb>potentia coniunctum ſit, & quodammodo non ſit, quod verò non eſt, & potentia per ens & actum <lb></lb>cognoſcatur; hic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> elucet in neceſſario, de hoc ipſo rerum natura poſtulat, vt in primis agamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neceſſarium autem illud eſt primum, vt rudi interpretatione declarem, quod aliter ſe habere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po<lb></lb>teſt: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> plures habet partes: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item neceſſarium quodam modo: <lb></lb>ſimpliciter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illud accipio quod perpetuò permanet, & immutabile eſt, quale primum omnium <lb></lb>principium eſſe debet; quodammodò verò, quod actu non eſt, nec eſſe poteſt: quandoquidem, quod <lb></lb>tale eſt, neceſſarium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt non, eſſe ſanè, ſed non eſſe. </s> <s>Prætereà id quod mutabile eſt, nam quod <lb></lb>eſt, dum eſt, neceſſe eſt eſſe: licèt aliquando non fuerit, & poſthàc futurum non ſit, quia non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe, dum eſt. </s> <s>Rurſus neceſſarium ſimpliciter eſt primum propter ſe, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per aliud nullum cauſ<lb></lb>ſam conſecutum eſt ſuæ neceſsitatis: quare propriè neceſſarium quod ſimplex eſt: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non poteſt <lb></lb>multipliciter ſe habere: quapropter nec aliter & aliter: etenim multipliciter ſe haberet: hoc verò <lb></lb>pendet, vt puto, ex eo quae compoſitum formet: at id ex actu & potentia conſtat. </s> <s>cęterùm potentia, <lb></lb>quatenus huiuſmodi, mutabilis eſt; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura per ſe potentiam ſtruit, ſed vult promouere ad <lb></lb>actum. </s> <s>quia verò id quod promouetur ad actum, ab actu antecedento promouetur: ergo non pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3640"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mum ob id ſimplex, perpetuum; nec quicquam in eo violentum, & idcirco etiam ſimpliciter eſt im<lb></lb>mutabile. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à ſeipſo nihil mutati queat, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab àlio nullo <expan abbr="mutet̃">mutetur</expan>, quia nihil eſt eo ſuperius, <lb></lb>à quo pendeat, cùm primum ſit; ſequitur, vt neceſſariò <expan abbr="modisq́">modisque</expan>. </s> <s>omnibus immutabile ſit: hoc verò <lb></lb>Deus eſt ante omnia; quandò ab alio tanquam primo, quae finis rationem pręſegerat, vniuerſa <expan abbr="pendẽt">pendent</expan>, <lb></lb>ipſum verò à nullo, ſed de hoc poſteà, analogicè verò eſſentia. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſarium aliud non pri<lb></lb>mum, ſiquidem neceſſario non repugnet ab alio pendêre; & ita motus cęli neceſſarius eſt, neceſsitas <lb></lb>autem hæc; quoniam eſt rerum ab alio pendentium, ſine alio non eſt; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>pacto ſe habet concluſio <lb></lb>demonſtrationis ad propoſitiones, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & concluſio ſimul & propoſitiones neceſſariæ ſunt: <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <lb></lb>hæ quidem per ſe neceſſariæ ſunt, concluſio verò ſuam neceſsitatem à propoſitionib. impetrauit. </s> <s>ſic <lb></lb>omnes proprietates quæ pendent à ſubiectis quæ neceſſaria ſunt, propter ſubiecta neceſsitatem ade<lb></lb>pta fuerunt, & effectus habent ſuam neceſsitatem à cauſsis quæ per ſe necessariæ ſunt, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> omni<lb></lb>bus habitudo & pendentia ſpectatur. </s> <s>Rurſus neceſſarium aut immobile eſt, aut mutari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & hoc <lb></lb>quoniam idem ad numerum redit, vt aſtra per conuerſionem; ideò vates cecinerunt </s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3639"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3640"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Soles occidere & redire poſſunt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.” Et elegantiſsimè Flaccus <pb pagenum="613"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3641"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3641"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alme sol curru nitido diem qui</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Promis & celas: <expan abbr="aliusq́ue">aliusque</expan> & idem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Naſceris<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. -aut ad ſpeciem, veluti caduca per propagationem, <lb></lb>id quod laſciuus ille poëta nob. </s> <s>etiam cum cæteris reb. caducis commune eſſe credens luſit.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nobiſcum ſemel occidit breuis lux<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nox eſt perpetua vna dormienda<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>In neceſſarijs <expan abbr="quodãmõ">quodammodo</expan> ea <expan abbr="connumerant̃">connumerantur</expan> quæ à violentia <expan abbr="oriunt̃">oriuntur</expan>, nam dum à violante cauſſa <expan abbr="ſuperã-tur">ſuperan<lb></lb>tur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſunt non ita mutari & agi, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> aguntur à cauſſa, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alioqui deficiunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id breui <lb></lb><expan abbr="patiunt̃">patiuntur</expan>, nullum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> violentum poteſt eſſe perpetuum, quo fit, vt, quod perpetuum eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> violen<lb></lb>tiæ ſit obnoxium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ei quod eſt præter naturam, quanquam & hæc neceſsitas multiplex eſt, ete<lb></lb>nim pertinet communiter ad inanima <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animata, cum bruta, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> capacia rationis, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſim<lb></lb>pliciter inuita & aduerſa eſt, & quodammodo eſt, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & terra ſurſum agitur ab impellente ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò, & equus aliquo curſu arrepto habenis aliò præuertitur à ſeſſore: & ille è Tarpeio præcipita<lb></lb>tus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> natura inclinante, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> propendente appetitu, ſeu voluntate, nauta ve<lb></lb>rò merces in mare proiecit, & iacturam fecit inuitus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> coactus, vt maius .ſ. </s> <s>malum declinaret, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>cæteroqui, vel Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſo auctore, quæ mala appetitu ſuperante, <expan abbr="rationeq́">rationeque</expan>. </s> <s>proſtrata & afflicta perpe<arrow.to.target n="marg3642"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tramus, coacti non facimus, & <expan abbr="certẽ">certem</expan> ridiculus ille fit qui ſe à voluptate coactum amici vxorem vio<lb></lb>laſſe dicat, aut fuga plagas euitaſſe præ dolore, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hanc neceſsitatem allaturum eſt, extrinſecus <lb></lb>accedat oportet, at verò, quę nos dolore aut voluptate compulſi patramus, in nob. </s> <s>poſita ſunt, ni do<lb></lb>lor fortè magnitudine ſua naturam ſuperet humanam. </s> <s>Cæterùm hæc alterius negotij, nob. </s> <s>autem <lb></lb>hoc loco ſatisfuerit omnes partes neceſsitatis pauciſsimis verbis enumeraſſe, vt ex ijs multis quæ no<lb></lb>ſtra interſunt, ſeligi & definiri poſsint. </s> <s>Eſt & illud neceſſarium, quod ſi libet appellemus rationis, at<lb></lb>que hoc duplex, pronum eſt inter conſequens & antecedens, alterum quoniam his poſitis, & hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>conſequitur, neceſsitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc in omni ſyllogiſmo reperitur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>neceſsitas ſyllogiſtica nuncupa<lb></lb>tur quæ concluſionis ipſius eſt ad propoſitiones. </s> <s>Sunt item cauſſa, quamuis non æternæ, quemad<lb></lb>modum ſingulares huius effecti ſingularis, aut effectus cuiuſdam neceſſariæ, quare poſitis illis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ponitur effectus qui item non eſt neceſſarius; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>neceſsitas, quia non ſimpliciter eſt; proprio nomi<lb></lb>ne nuncupatur ex hypotheſi: eſt & neceſſarium, ſine quo non eſt ipſum bene, hoc verò eſt materia, <lb></lb>ſine qua forma, quod bonum eſt, non extat: hæc opponitur neceſſario ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſe habet. <lb></lb></s> <s>vt neceſſarium ſimpliciter & ſine quo non eſt bene <expan abbr="complectãtur">complectantur</expan> vniuerſa, quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> duo prin<lb></lb>cipia in ordine rerum natura conſtantium communiſsima <expan abbr="ponũtur">ponuntur</expan> à philoſophis <foreign lang="grc">τό βέλτιον</foreign>, id ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3643"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rò Deus eſt, & quæ eſſentiam illam imitantur; & <foreign lang="grc">ἀναγκη</foreign>. </s> <s>quæ eſt materia: ſic neceſſe eſt orta accide<lb></lb>re, & omnem coagmentationem corporis vel calore, vel frigore, vel aliqua impulſione vehementi la<lb></lb>befactari & frangi, & ad morbos <expan abbr="ſenectutemq́">ſenectutemque</expan>. </s> <s>compelli. </s> <s>Nob. </s> <s>de cauſsis neceſsitatis, non quidem <lb></lb>violentæ, nec ſyllogiſticæ mox agendum eſt: nam cauſſa quæ vim affert, manifeſta eſt, licet ea infini<lb></lb>ta ſit, vtpote per accidens: ad actum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qui proficiſcitur à violentia, nulla eſt propenſio in eo quod <lb></lb>vim patitur, ſyllogiſticę <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> neceſsitatis cauſſa eſt dictum de omni quod pendet ab anima colligen<lb></lb>te vniuerſale ex indiuiduis & plura indiuidua comparante, ſed hoc maiorem quandam vim conti<lb></lb>net, & latius patet, quàm hîc exponi conueniat, nec eius cognitio, ad huius methodi partem <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <lb></lb>adiungi poteſt; ſeparatim longi temporis, & magnę <expan abbr="arduæq́">arduæque</expan>. </s> <s>cognitionis indiget, ſed de reliquorum <lb></lb>cauſsis agendum eſt quæ propemodum ſunt naturales, quòd in eo quod eſt huiuſmodi, ſemper eſt <lb></lb>habilitas, aut fuit; cùm eadem, quatenus huiuſmodi, ſint coniuncta cum actu: quapropter in æter<lb></lb>nis eſſe, & poſſe idem ſimpliciter eſſe dicuntur, in reliquis actu poteſtas antecedit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3642"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3643"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur quid neceſſitas ſit, vtrum'ne res, an modus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>GENERATIM verò neceſsitas non eſt res, ſed modus rei, ſeu modus, quo res eſt; atque exter<lb></lb>nus quidem, vbi vir intercedat; núlla enim eſt habilitas in eo ſubiecto; in cæteris intrinſecus; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3644"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecus àc cùm id quod eſt, dicitur eſſe vnum actu vel poteſtate. </s> <s>modos autem, vt aliàs dictum eſt, ap<lb></lb>pello notas, quæ ſolùm rem ipſam ſignificant; nec quicquam addunt rei, tanquam accidens, & na<lb></lb>tura alienum: ſicut idem eſt id quod eſt, vnum, & quatenus eſt, eatenus eſt vnum, contrà quàm ſi ho<lb></lb>mo albus eſſe diceretur, album <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliud addit Socrati quod Socrates ipſe non eſt, propria pollens eſſen<lb></lb>tia. </s> <s>quòd ſi quo pacto differunt neceſsitas, & id in quo ineſt; ea eſt differentia, quam ſolemus genera<lb></lb>tim vocare rationis, quia ſignificatur res per modum quo ipſa eſt, qui ſolùm ratione ſeparatur. </s> <s>Vn<lb></lb>de verò progrediatur, & quemadmodum ſe habeat, explicauit Ariſt. </s> <s>referens omnem neceſsitatem na<lb></lb>turalem ad tria capita (iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſsitatem quæ contra naturam aut appetitum eſt, & prorſus à vio<lb></lb>lantę naſcitur, tanquam à propoſito alienam relinquimus) duo quidem, quæ ab habitudine non ſe<lb></lb>gregantur, quorum alterum eſt, vt antecedentis ad conſequens, quod ad formam reijci ſolet, quo pa<lb></lb>cto dicitur aliquando, ſi debet eſſe talis forma, talem materiam præcedere neceſſe eſt: vnde materia <lb></lb>dicitur eſſe ex hypotheſi formæ. </s> <s>ſic ſi bene valere debet, eum purgari oportet, aut vti phlebotómia: <lb></lb>omnium igitur illorum neceſsitas ducitur à natura formæ & finis, idcirco ſolet à quibuſdam neceſ<lb></lb>ſitas indigentiæ nuncupari: hoc eodem modo crediderim eſſe neceſſarium id, ſi eſt homo, & animal <pb pagenum="614"></pb>igitur: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> animal, vt hominis materia, & analogicè <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> illud, ſi eſt homo, eſt animal rationis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3645"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>compos: homo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquid addit ipſi formæ, nempe materiam ſenſilem: qua ratione forma fit eius <lb></lb>pars, & cùm ad hominis conſtitutionem pertineat, idcirco natura præcedit. </s> <s>Ad idem caput etiam ob <lb></lb>eandem rationem id referri poſſet, Socrates animal eſt. </s> <s>Eſt & ſecunda neceſsitas quæ eſt tanquam <lb></lb>conſequentis ad antecedens: vt ſi hoc eſt, neceſſe eſt hoc conſequi: vt ſi ex materia conſtat, ergo ca<lb></lb>ducum: hoc verò antecedens obtinet inſtar materiæ & ſubiecti, quæ ſanè ratio pertinet ad <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> cauſ<lb></lb>ſarum genus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> omne id quod habet rationem poſterioris, & vt rectius dicam, effecti; ſi ad id <lb></lb>referatur, vnde proficiſcitur, illi tribuitur tanquam ſubiecto, quod item duplex eſt; vel id, quod pri<lb></lb>mum excipit, vel id cuius eſt aliquid primum excipiens: hæc autem neceſsitas ad materiam commo<lb></lb>dè referri poteſt. </s> <s>hoc modo dicimus hominem eſſe riſus compotem, & ſi ratione pręditus, quae docilis: <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita videtur ſe habere neceſsitas rei demonſtrabilis ad principia per quæ demonſtratur. </s> <s>Igitur in <lb></lb>demonſtratione duplex eſt neceſsitas; rerum .ſ. </s> <s>quæ nunc expoſita eſt; & altera quam ſyllogiſticam <lb></lb>ſuprà <expan abbr="nũcupauimus">nuncupauimus</expan> eodem pacto credi poteſt, eam eſſe neceſſariam: ſi eſt animal rationis compos; <lb></lb>ergo & homo; aut omnino, ſi definitio eſt: igitur & definitum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt primum definitio eſt, etiam <lb></lb>definitum ponitur, & tanquam effectus è cauſſa ipſa proximè conſequitur. </s> <s>Poſsis etiam tu, ſi libet, <lb></lb>duplicem hanc neceſsitatem naturalem cum habitudine referre ad materiam ea ratione <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan>, <lb></lb>quae cauſſa ſubiecti locum ſibi <expan abbr="vẽdicet">vendicet</expan>, quemadmodum de priore modo dictum eſt: ſed tamen, ſi rem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3646"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſam interius ſpectes, longè alia ratio progreſſus eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> priore modo quod obtinebat vicem <expan abbr="cõ-ſequentis">con<lb></lb>ſequentis</expan>, origine pręcedebat; poſteriore verò <expan abbr="conſequẽs">conſequens</expan>, ſi non origine, ſaltem natura poſterius eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquam de neceſsitate propoſitionis illius. </s> <s>Socrates animal eſt, inter Græcos & Latinos exorta <lb></lb>eſt controuerſia; quandoquidem ea refertur ad primum modum dicendi per ſe cui cum <expan abbr="attributũ">attributum</expan>, <lb></lb>quae omni inſit, ſupponatur; etiam perpetuitatem poſtulare videbitur. </s> <s>Ex altera parte, de eo quod non <lb></lb>eſt, nihil verè prędicari poteſt. </s> <s>quamobrem Alexander eam quidem neceſſariam eſſe concedebat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>tamen ſimpliciter; ſed cùm conditione & lege <foreign lang="grc">διορισμὸν</foreign>. </s> <s>Græci vocant; dum .ſ. </s> <s>Socrates eſt. </s> <s>& certè <lb></lb>phyſicè ſic dicere conuenit. </s> <s>At logicè <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ea mihi videtur ſemper eſſe vera: nam veritas affirmationis <lb></lb>duplex eſt in qua .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> conſeruatur, & ſubiectum & prędicatum; & altera poſita eſt in coniun<lb></lb>ctione prædicari cum ſubiecto: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verbum eſt, alio tunc officio fungitur, quàm vt copulet <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ſubiecto prædicatum: de ſubiecto verò per accidens prædicatur <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> neceſsitas illa ab<lb></lb>ſoluta non eſt habenda, ſed quodammodo: nam vel ſubiectum non permanet, vel aliqua limitatio<lb></lb>ne opus eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam verò ex materia nihil omnino exoritur, nec ſiquid ex ipſa fieri debet, pura eſ<lb></lb>ſe poteſt, verùm cum aliqua conditione, & denique cum actu quodam, vel non ſine quadam habi<lb></lb>tudine ad ipſum; hinc fit, vt <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ſit ille modus quo in materia neceſsitas eſt; aut aliquid neceſſa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3647"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riò pendet, vel ab ipſa, vel ab alio quopiam ſub ratione materiæ; vt adſit opera actus: etenim <expan abbr="corrũ-pi">corrun<lb></lb>pi</expan> rem ſic pendet à materia, vt in eo ſit poſitum, quòd contraria ſibi ſuccedunt in eadem materia; <lb></lb>nec non materia neceſſaria eſt ex hypotheſi propter talem formam; quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> neceſsitas ab actu nun<lb></lb>quam ſeiungitur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in ſeparatis neceſsitas eſt ipſemet actus; in reliquis autem eſt per actum. </s> <s>Eſt & <lb></lb>vltimus modus neceſſarij, qui eſt eius quod abſolutè eſt; deſcribitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>quod ſimpliciter <lb></lb>eſt, nil in ſe continens aut poteſtatis, aut priuationis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actus ſolus: vnde etiam ſpecies hæc neceſ<lb></lb>ſitatis ineuitabilitas, aut immutabilitas appellatur. </s> <s>& ab hoc principio cęlum & natura pendet, per <lb></lb>quoſdam gradus mentium & corporum deductis eſſentijs omnibus <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad potentiam & priuatio<lb></lb>nem qua materia fundatur: in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> item eſt, quae analogicè vim ſuæ <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> neceſsitatis ineſſe arbitre<lb></lb>mur, quæ in illis extat continuè cum habitudine ad neceſſarium primum. </s> <s>quapropter in illis dubita<lb></lb>tioni locus datus eſt; cuius'nam modi foret, an eius, qui referretur ad formam & finem; an potius il<lb></lb>lius, qui reſolueretur in materiam; ſed <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo ſecundùm diuerſa conſilia neceſsitas hæc agno<lb></lb>ſci poteſt. </s> <s>Nam ex eo, quae Deus eſt, qui dator eſt omnis boni, & à quo <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> eſſe, tanquam ab vberri<lb></lb>mo fonte deriuatur; hæc ita ſunt, qua propinquiora, maiore profectionis gradu pollent: quæ longè ab <lb></lb>ſunt, imperfectiſsima: ita vt ordine quodam eſſentiæ rerum ex actu ſimpliciſsimo in puram dege<lb></lb>nerent poteſtatem. </s> <s>hic autem fuit ſecundus ille modus neceſsitatis: ſed & primus ille in has res ana<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3648"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>logicè per bellè accommodari poteſt: proptereà quòd, ſi ſummum bonum adepturi ſumus, hoc <lb></lb>autem imitando conſequimur, non habendo: tales eſſe oportet: nos enim; quia tales ſic, & non ali<lb></lb>ter ipſo potimur. </s> <s>hic quidem clarius, ille verò obſcurius, prout etiam adepti ſumus, quòd in natura re<lb></lb>rum ſimus. </s> <s>Sed hæc aliàs. </s> <s>Quare ſiquis explicare velit nobis quid ſit neceſsitas, hæc natiua; ita dicere <lb></lb>mea quidem ſententia poterit. </s> <s>modus intrinſecus quo res ipſa eſt, qui pendet ab actu, vel ſimplex il<lb></lb>le ſit, vel ex hypotheſi, vel ſit ipſe actus, vel etiam <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> erumpat ex actu, interno, & pro<lb></lb>prio. </s> <s>Quod item fieri nequit neceſſarij quędam ſpecies eſt, & <foreign lang="grc">ἀδυναμὶα</foreign> modus quidam neceſsitatis; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ad ſuperiora referetur; ſed meo quidem iudicio, tanquam priuatio: quamobrem eaſdem fe<lb></lb>rè partitiones tolerat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſimpliciter eſt, & aliqua ex parte: vnde & hæc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per actus priua<lb></lb>tionem deſcribentur; & totidem gradus, & propemodum caſus ab actu erunt eius quod fieri non <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s>Et hæc de neceſſario. </s> <s><pb pagenum="615"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3649"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3644"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3645"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3646"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3647"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3648"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3649"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Natura contingentis explanatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NECESSARIO contingens opponitur, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> multò magis illi repugnet, quàm id quod eſſe <lb></lb>non poteſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc aliquam neceſsitatem ſignificat; at contingens omnem aufert neceſsita<lb></lb>tem: quapropter contingens, & neceſſarium contradicentia ſunt, & <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> diſperata; neceſſa<lb></lb>rium, & quod fieri nequit contraria; ſicut ergo contradicentium; quàm <expan abbr="cõtrariorum">contrariorum</expan> oppoſitio ma<lb></lb>ior, ſic & contingens neceſſario magis, quàm <foreign lang="grc">ἀδύνατον</foreign> opponetur. </s> <s>idcirco videtur id quod fieri ne<lb></lb>quit, eaſdem cum neceſſario conditiones aliqua ex parte poſſe ſortiri: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quædam conditiones <lb></lb>oppoſitorum quæ communiter <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> conueniant <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>eiuſdem generis participationem à qua con<lb></lb>trariorum ratio nunquam ſegregatur, ſed & contradicentia, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> multò remotius, ad idem genus <lb></lb>referre oportet, vt ens, & non ens, ſiue ſimpliciter, ſiue in determinato quodam genere ſumpta; nec<lb></lb>non & eorum caſus & coniugata. </s> <s>quapropter & neceſſarium & contingens, & ex cognatione neceſ<lb></lb>ſitas, & contingentia. </s> <s>ob eam igitur rem & contingentia ipſa modus erit quidam rerum, quoad con<lb></lb>tradicentia ſunt indeterminatæ. </s> <s>Hoc verò multiplex eſt, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> plurimum fit; aut æqualiter fieri, ac <lb></lb>non fieri ſolet, aut rarò: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc itidem, vel accidens ſimpliciter; vel fortuna, & caſus; vel certum <lb></lb>quid eſt, vt de capneo fertur, vel etiam monſtrum: quandò hæc omnia rara ſunt, & aliquib. differen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3650"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiis diſiunguntur. </s> <s>Sed vndénam talis infinitas in natura naſcatur, ſiue à cauſſa per ſe, ſiue incerta & <lb></lb>fortuita, fortaſſe dubium eſt, nec de omnib. faciendum erit idem iudicium. </s> <s>Hoc non dubium in con<lb></lb>tingente vim poteſtatis agnoſci; ac primùm quidem ex eo genere, quàm logicam vocant: etenim <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit; non eſſe poteſt; & vbi non eſt; nil repugnat, ſiquando actu eſſe ponatur, atqui & cùm in eo com<lb></lb>mutentur poteſtas & actus; & tranſeat ad oppoſita, quòd ſine agentis concurſu fieri nequit, neceſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt in eo ſit aliud genus poteſtatis; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eius quidem, vt altera ſanè, vim habeat mouendi; alte<lb></lb>ra verò, qua ſit patibilis; & cùm actuoſa facultas ſit, vel abſolutè naturalis, vel rationis compos. (na<lb></lb>turalem hîc voco, quæ diſtinguitur ab animali) hac ipſa primùm propoſita, tùm quòd de rationis có<lb></lb>pote dabitur aliàs dicendi locus: tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quae hác noſtram aliqua ex parte imitatur; ſic ordiamur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quã-tum">Quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> igitur ad ipſam pertinet; quia nihil ad actum à ſeipſo traduci poteſt, ſi actum reſpiciamus in <expan abbr="cõ-tingenti">con<lb></lb>tingenti</expan>; vniuerſum profectò ab extrinſeco præſtari oportet. </s> <s>Sed hoc nonnunquam contingenti, ac <lb></lb>neceſſario nihil intereſt: quandò & aliquod neceſſarium ab alio pendere poteſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vlterius pro<lb></lb>cedendum eſt; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inſuper adnotandum infinitatem qua contingens à neceſſario ſeparatur, eſſe <expan abbr="quã-dam">quan<lb></lb>dam</expan> ſpeciem <foreign lang="grc">ἀταξίας</foreign>, id eſt, carentiæ ordinis: nunc ea carentia non exiſtit ſine impedimento, quod <lb></lb>obſtat curſui natura, vel illum penitus tollit: nam cùm materia ſuaptè vi contendat in formam, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3651"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab efficiente deducenda ſit, nonnunquam contumax eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> patitur ſe vinci; ideò non conſequitur <lb></lb>exitum ſuum, & ita fruſtra operatur; aut pugnans <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuperatur ab efficiente quadam ex parte; ſua <lb></lb>tum vi concitatum aliò diuertitur, ac primum naturæ conſilium fuerit, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>aut certum ex efficientis <lb></lb>& materiæ conflictu, ſeu potius victoria materię naſcitur, aut incertum, & infinitum; erat illud ex na<lb></lb>tura materiæ; hoc prorſus contra naturam, illò vergente materia, hoc <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> cum materia, tum eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>mouit, repudiante ex horum lucta aliquid etiam ſequitur, vt adnexum, quod ſæpe incertum eſt, & <lb></lb>ideò ſtatuitur accidens. </s> <s>Vbi natura finem non aſſequatur; efficiens eſt ſimpliciter priuans, nihil enim <lb></lb>ex actione illa ſuccedit; in accidente quod ſequitur, non intenditur tantùm, ſed habet cauſſas, vnde <lb></lb>naſcatur: non reijcitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia non fouet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> labefactat naturam. </s> <s>Quamobrem accidens nec ſe<lb></lb>cundùm naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter naturam habendum eſt. </s> <s>at in reliquis <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> cauſſæ nituntur quoad <lb></lb>poſſunt; ſed ſuperante materia, quod inde exoritur, eſt ex natura materiæ, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> verò cauſſa de ſuo <lb></lb>curſu deflexa quod exiſtit, eſt contra naturam: quocirca impedimentum quadam ex parte priuat, <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan>, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>id non ſuccedit, quod optabatur, ſuccedit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aliud, à quo abhorret. </s> <s>Cùm igitur or<lb></lb>do & natura conuertantur: in illis eſt ordo planè, vbi ſuperet ex toto efficiens, tum ſecundò in ijs, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ex materia naſcuntur. </s> <s>in cęteris ordo nullus & infinitas: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in his habenda ratio naturæ; ni<lb></lb>ſi quantum fiunt à natura, hoc eſt, interuentu cauſſarum, quæ ſunt in natura. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cùm à natura fiant, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3652"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm item, quae niſi hoc eſſe poſſet, nunquam deduceretur ad actum; quandò niſi è ligno ſcamnum fie<lb></lb>ri queat, nec vnquam fiet; ac ſcamnum fieri nequeat, niſi è ligno, nec non quoniam impedimentum <lb></lb>à contrariorum pugna & alterutrius victoria, ſeu prohibitione victoriæ proficiſcitur: igitur niſi ta<lb></lb>lis natura præceſſerit in potentia pabili, vt repugnantiam & diuerſos actus intueatur; profectò nec <lb></lb>aliud quicquam certo exitu, & actu poſſet excludere cauſſas. </s> <s>quapropter in neceſſarium degenera<lb></lb>ret id quod accepimus eſſe contingens. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae infinitas ita videtur affixa materię, vt ſit ex e<lb></lb>ius natura, cùm cæteroqui forma ſit finis. </s> <s>Igitur ſi hæc contingentia; eam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> intrinſecus inſidere <lb></lb>in materia confitebimur. </s> <s>Attamen ordo eſt ex rerum natura; quicquid ordinem minuit, etiam vim <lb></lb>naturæ proſternit. </s> <s>Ergo cùm in contingentibus ordo ſeruatur, ibi contingentiam modum internum <lb></lb>faciemus, vt in iis quæ plurimum fiunt, & prout ex naturæ ordine ſe habuerit contingens; ſic erit ma<lb></lb>gis minusúe internus; eius quidem quod plurimum fit, magis quàm illius quod cùm rarò fiat, nihi<lb></lb>lominus aliqua ex parte naturæ ordinem retinet, vt cùm ſequitur propenſionem materiæ: cæteri <expan abbr="cõ-tingentis">con<lb></lb>tingentis</expan> modi penitus externi; quòd ad illos nulla prorſus habilitas eſt rerum; ſed totum vel acci<lb></lb>dens eſt, vel præter naturam, <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illa obſtant. </s> <s>eſt à natura ergo internum: nam ſic etiam, quæ ſunt <pb pagenum="616"></pb>ex arte ſunt à natura, quatenus vtitur ars inſtrumentis naturalibus, aut naturæ miniſtrans efficit <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3653"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deſiderat. </s> <s>nihilominus ad ea nulla poteſtas interna, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> quae niſi eſſe poſſet, nunquam fieret, nec ſi ta<lb></lb>lis natura non præceſſerit: proptereà quòd non omnis poteſtas eſt interna & familiaris, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>mi<lb></lb>nus habenda eſt natura, ſed vniuerſa pendet ex externo quod eadem vi affert potentiam & actum, <lb></lb>nec quicquam imprimit in ſubiecto quod eius proprium fiat. </s> <s>Nec illud, quòd impedimentum oria<lb></lb>tur ex pugna contrariorum, in materia verò ſit habilitas ad contraria, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> id <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quod probate con<lb></lb>tendis. </s> <s>oritur ſanè impedimentum ex pugna, & in materia eſt habilitas ad contraria; veruntamen, quae <lb></lb>illud ſuccedat, ex contrariorum pugna, hoc indefinitum eſt, & præter naturam. </s> <s>certant album & ni<lb></lb>grum, vt ſit alterutrum, & horum alterum vult obtinere natura, naſcitur glaucum quod ipſa nole<lb></lb>bat, ſed hoc item extra ordinem eſt, proinde nulla præceſsit habilitas in materia, & quicquid antece<lb></lb>dit poteſtatis, id aliunde eſt, & extrinſecùs: & modus igitur extrinſecùs: Illud autem quòd infinitas <lb></lb>ſit materiæ propria, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt verum <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> ſiquidem infinitas ſit duplex, aut abſoluta, aut aliqua <lb></lb>ex parte, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> infinitas quidem ſimpliciter, vim naturæ peruertit, illa quæ conſtat ex natura, eſt quo<lb></lb>dammodò duntaxat, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>alternum contrariorum ſucceſſum reſpicit in materia, quæ <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>viciſsim capiendi materies aſſequuta eſt habilitatem, & dum hoc habet, alterum poſsidendi, & illud <lb></lb>prius amittendi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́">Idemque</expan>. </s> <s>iudicium de infinitate materiæ, ac de priuatione faciendum eſt. </s> <s>Nam priua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3654"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio ſimpliciter eſt prorſus contra naturam: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vnquam appetitur non eſſe ſimpliciter, ſed ea <lb></lb>priuatio quæ ordinatur ad formam futuram, eſt ex ordine natura. </s> <s>Quare vbi ſit tale genus priua<lb></lb>tionis quod non inſtituatur in formam ſuccedentem, id eſt omnino præter naturam; atque huiuſmo<lb></lb>di priuatio fortè exiſtit in monſtro, quae priuatio quæ eſt in illo, nullo alio actu terminatur. </s> <s>Ita non v<lb></lb>niuſmodi faciendum puto iudicium de contingente ad vtrunlibet, cùm ex illius ordine <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſint <lb></lb>omnino indefinita, vt quae homo aquilinus, aut ſimus oriatur, alia ſint eiuſmodi, vt cum hoc magis exo<lb></lb>ptet natura, nihilominus alterum certum efficiat, vt in mare & fœmina producendis. </s> <s>Etenim, vt a<lb></lb>liàs dictum eſt, duob. </s> <s>principiis potiſsimis per ſe & intrinſecis generatio conſiſtit, materia, inquam, <lb></lb>& forma. </s> <s>& quanquam materia ad formam inſtituitur, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>obſequi illam oportet ſecundùm natu<lb></lb>ram, veruntamen, & ipſa dominatur in quibuſdam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vinci ſe patitur à forma, quin potius ita ſu<lb></lb>perat formam, vt planè vtrius victoria ſit frequentior, incertum nonnunquam habeatur. </s> <s>Quaprop<lb></lb>ter cùm in materia ſit ordo ad formam, ſit etiam cupiditas eam conſequendi inſita <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> innata; ſit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſuum materiæ robur, perſpicuum eſt tale <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> contingentiæ genus eſſe internum: quanuis neque <lb></lb>ipſa penitus inſideat in materia, quandoquidem ab iis qualitatib. quæ materiam occuparunt, vni<lb></lb>uerſa concertatio proficiſcitur: nam materia per ſe patitur ſolùm, nec quicquam vllo tempore effi<lb></lb>cit, ſed quoniam exiſtunt illę qualitates antequàm res genita ſit in materia, tribuimus eam pugnam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3655"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vniuerſam ipſi materiæ. </s> <s>conſimili igitur modo mas & fœmina pariter in vtero <expan abbr="progignũtur">progignuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>materia dominante producitur fœmina, mas autem ſuperante forma efficitur. </s> <s>Verùm in ea <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ vires agendi obtinuit, & rationis eſt compos, duo ſpectanda ſeſe obiiciunt, euentus rerum .ſ. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>conditio cauſſæ, quantum eſt de rerum euentu, per accidens etiam ſecus euenire poteſt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim <lb></lb>debemus facere nos veluti Danaldes</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3650"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3651"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3652"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3653"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3654"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3655"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Quod memorant laticem pertuſum congerere in vas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod tamen expleri nulla ratione potestur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ſed aggredimur ſemper id quod conſequi deberemus, niſi afforet impedimentum: cùm verò extra <lb></lb>ordinem rerum poſitum ſit impediri. </s> <s>Ergo & modus erit externus. </s> <s>De cauſſa verò, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> poteſtatis ra<lb></lb>tione pręditæ duo ſint initia, primum, quo vim habet agendi hominem ad hoc, aut illud <expan abbr="efficiendũ">efficiendum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, quo ipſi ab obiecto præſcribitur ad ſic, aut aliter agendum, quod ſubit rationem pati<lb></lb>bilis poteſtatis, quo ad <expan abbr="patiẽdi">patiendi</expan> facultatem reſpicimus; idem iudicium, ac de materia facere debemus: <lb></lb>nam cùm hoc, in quo ſolo è viuentibus in inferiore mundi parte eiuſmodi principia reperiuntur; è <lb></lb>duab. </s> <s>partib. conſtet, mente nimirùm, & phantaſia: cùm ipſæ facultates patibiles ſint: ab alio, nempe <lb></lb>ab obiecto, & appetendo determinantur; & quae ab hoc, aut illo potius incitentur, ſuaptè natura ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3656"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>indefinitæ: quandò res eadem modò bona, aliàs non bona videri poſsit, <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> ſimul, & alterutri ſe<lb></lb>orſum. </s> <s>Rurſus quo ad agendum; cùm hæc ſit tanquàm materia, illa verò ſicut forma, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſ<lb></lb>ſam ſecundùm naturam phantaſia ſeruire debeat menti; & quod vincatur & cedat imperio mentis, <lb></lb>& quod repugnet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vinci ſe patiatur, quin obtineat ipſa non rarò victoriam, ſecundùm illius na<lb></lb>turam eſt: quamobrem interna eſt eiuſmodi contingentia, ſed interior materiæ quàm formæ, hoc <lb></lb>eſt, phantaſiæ quàm menti: ſiquidem ſecundùm naturam ſemper eſt phantaſiæ, quod agatur impe<lb></lb>tu proprio; & rationis impetu ducatur: at phantaſię motus non eſt ſecundùm naturam mentis ipſi<lb></lb>us, ſi tamen ex <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> coniunctum ſpectatur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> talis infinitas ipſius interna eſt. </s> <s>Adeò vt vniuerſa <expan abbr="cõ-tingentiæ">con<lb></lb>tingentiæ</expan> ſemens proximè, vel remotè redundet in materiam, quippe quae aut in materia poſita ſit, aut <lb></lb>non exiſtat ſine materia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex illa infinitate, quæ reſpicit aliquem ordinem in natura, naſcitur il<lb></lb>la quæ extra ordinem eſt & à natura prorſus aliena per errorem & impedimentum, quod efficienti <lb></lb>opponitur, in materiæ conditionibus optimè numerari poteſt, tum quia fouent propriam materiæ <lb></lb>paſſuræ propenſionem non permittentia materiam conſequi finem ſuum, quæ eſt forma, quæ adhuc <lb></lb>extra ipſam eſt, dum fit res, tùm quia ſimpliciter eſſe poteſt in ipſo efficiente quadam affectio, qua à <pb pagenum="617"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3657"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contrariis, & materia tota proficiſcitur, vt ſi ſeruor ignis qui ſyluam combuſturus eſt, à vento reflan<lb></lb>te temperetur. </s> <s>Ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam Iandunum non audio, qui nihil fore contingens apud naturam, <lb></lb>ſed quo ad nos ſolùm <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> opinatus eſt. </s> <s>quanquam multas protulit rationes ad id approban<lb></lb>dum, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> poſteà dicetur. </s> <s>deceptus eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in eo, quae neſciuit diſtinguere id quod fieri non poteſt ab <lb></lb>eo quod nunquam futurum eſt, quanuis fieri poſsit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vidit, ab eo quod fieri nequit, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſimul, <lb></lb><expan abbr="habilitatemq́">habilitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>negari, & ab eo quod nunquam futurum eſt, tametſi eſſe valet, actum negari dunta<lb></lb>xat, & cùm in eo quod poteſt corrumpi, ſi perpetuandum ſit, non actum ſolum, ſed habilitatem po<lb></lb>nere opus ſit: nec quicquam obſtet, quominus id quod poteſt corrumpi, quondam corrumpatur, <lb></lb>immo neceſſarium, ſit ipſum corrumpi, id verò, quod generari poteſt, non nunquam valeat impedi<lb></lb>ri, idcirco ſi quod generari poteſt nunquam generetur, abſurdum non erit: illud autem prorſus alie<lb></lb>num à natura, ſi id quod poteſt corrumpi, reddatur perpetuum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3656"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3657"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Contingentis cauſſę diligentius explicantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERGO contingentia cauſſa materia ipſa ponenda eſt; quoniam materiæ beneficio in omni re <lb></lb>quæ actu ſubſiſtit, ineſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> propenſio ad oppoſita, ſeu potius <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> capacitas, ac generalis qui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3658"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem, qua materia <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> habet accipiendi <expan abbr="contradicẽtia">contradicentia</expan>, & formas contrarias: id quod ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>præclarè animaduerſum fuiſſe ſcimus. </s> <s>primùm docente ea quæ natura, aut arte fiunt, habere vim <lb></lb>qua fieri poſsit, vt ſint pariter, & non ſint <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> eorum; hoc autem eſſe <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> materiam. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Prætereà ſingularium non eſſe neque demonſtrationem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> definitionem, aut <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſcientiam: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3659"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>hæc æternorum ſunt, & quæ aliter ſe habere non poſſunt; at ſingularia perpetua non ſunt, <lb></lb>quoniam è materia conſtant, cuius <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> tale eſt, vt ad eſſe, & ad non eſſe ſimul propenſa ſit; <expan abbr="ob-eamq́">ob<lb></lb>eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem auctor eſt laſsitudinis in caducis: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> patitur virtutem finitam tempore infinito moue<lb></lb>re, quia poteſtate, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu exiſtat. </s> <s>Quòd item <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quæ rarò fiunt, cauſſa materiæ ſit adſcriben<lb></lb>da, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> teſtatur <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> philoſophus hiſce verbis. </s> <s>“Quare materia erit cauſſa contingens eius quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3660"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliter accidit, quàm illud quod vt plurimum eſt.” quo etiam loco <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> contingens ad vtrun<lb></lb>libet, eo modo, quo ſupra <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt è 4. de Gen. An. </s> <s>Inde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> efficitur, vt obnoxia ſit erroribus ad <lb></lb>quos licèt ſuopte impulſu propenſa non ſit: etenim alieni ſunt errores ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> natura; tamen propter <lb></lb>eiuſmodi <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> in ipſa <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> habent: nam cùm contraria de poſſeſsione <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> materiæ <expan abbr="pugnẽt">pugnent</expan>, <lb></lb>& id ad quod ipſa ab efficiente dirigitur, victoria potiatur; res bene, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> procedit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimpliciter ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> principium <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> nimirùm & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; ſiquando oppoſitum vincat, ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3661"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>victoria, quanquam non frequentiſsima: aut certum <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan>, aut contrà <expan abbr="incertũ">incertum</expan> adepta eſt: ac ſi cer<lb></lb>tum habeat <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan>; eſt ſecundùm naturam materiæ ſolùm: ſi verò incertum, eſt <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: <lb></lb>nam tum formæ <expan abbr="materiæq́">materiæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimul <expan abbr="aduerſat̃">aduerſatur</expan>, ſed tamen, vt incertitudo, hæc radices egerit in ipſa ma<lb></lb>teria: quanuis ex ipſa non ſubſiſtat, nec in ea poteſtatem ponat; niſi ad modum <expan abbr="externã">externam</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ab<lb></lb>horrentem à <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura. </s> <s>Hinc fit, vt multę conditiones <expan abbr="requirãtur">requirantur</expan>, ſi futurum <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ſit: <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <lb></lb>aliqua ſublata, aut nil euenire prorſus, aut longè ſecus oportet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> agentis conſilium ſit, & appetitus <lb></lb>materiæ. </s> <s>Quamobrem non poſſum in hoc non laudare, atque admirari Marſilium hæc egregiè di<lb></lb>ctantem libro ſuo de Prouidentia. </s> <s>“In hac vaga motionum ſorte naſci contingentiam, dum quę ita <lb></lb>mouentur, à proprio nonnunquam <expan abbr="ſolitoq́">ſolitoque</expan>. </s> <s>ordine digredi, & præuaricari videntur: nam cùm per <lb></lb>plurimos ſubinde agentium gradus & virtus efficax cęli minuatur, & <expan abbr="cõplurima">complurima</expan> tandem repugnan<lb></lb>tium <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <expan abbr="cõfluat">confluat</expan> multitudo;” ſequitur, vt propria <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> natura deficiat interdum ab officio ſuo, <lb></lb>& paullatim debilitata de curſu ſuo facilius deflectatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſic plantæ, aut animalia prolem ſuam <lb></lb>neque ſemper, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> opportunè pariunt, <expan abbr="ibiq́ue">ibique</expan>, neque perfectam. </s> <s>quin proceſſu temporis genus <lb></lb>ipſum labefactari conſueuit: vnde etiam à poëtis ſæpè prædicatum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3658"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3659"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>Tt. 22. 53.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3660"></margin.target>b 6. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3661"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="“Iamq́">“Iamque</expan>. </s> <s>adeò affecta eſt ętas, <expan abbr="effœtaq́">effœtaque</expan>. </s> <s>tellus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3662"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3662"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vix animalia parua creat, quę cuncta creauit</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sęcla, <expan abbr="deditq́">deditque</expan>. </s> <s>ferarum ingentia corpora partu<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="clamauitq́">clamauitque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine acerbo dolore <expan abbr="ſapiẽtiſsimus">ſapientiſsimus</expan> ille Lyricus <expan abbr="Romanorũ">Romanorum</expan> generi <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> ætate ſua <expan abbr="cõtigiſſe">contigiſſe</expan>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Damnoſa quid non imminuit dies?” “Aetas parentum peior auis, tulit” </s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“Nos nequiores, mox daturos” “Progeniem vitioſiorem.”<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et quanuis tum efficientia, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materia à cauſsis certis agantur, nimirùm à D. O. M. & corporib. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſuperioribus per motiones illas, quæ ratę <expan abbr="firmæq́">firmæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt, vt ſi quid aliud; tamen in effectuum <expan abbr="ſingu-lorũ">ſingu<lb></lb>lorum</expan> propagatione cauſſæ proximæ plus poſſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> remotæ. </s> <s>Ex quo item efficitur, vt à propinquis <lb></lb>illis potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à longinquis effectus iſti denominationes adepti ſint: nam multę conditiones ad <expan abbr="effe-ctũ">effe<lb></lb>ctum</expan> <expan abbr="quenq.">quenque</expan> <expan abbr="producendũ">producendum</expan> requiruntur, quæ in agentibus primis & vniuerſalibus poſitæ non ſunt, ad <lb></lb>quas <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ſermocinando deuenimus, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vtile erit ad præſentem contemplationem, de ipſis aliqua <lb></lb>dicere. </s> <s>multas verò <expan abbr="cõmemorari">commemorari</expan> ſolitas à philoſophis non ignoro, ſine quibus, aut non obiri, aut <lb></lb>non rectè <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> actio poſsit: nam tot <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> Scotiſtę recenſent, conueniens agentis <expan abbr="interual-lũ">interual<lb></lb>lum</expan>: ne terminus actioni fuerit impoſitus: ne virtus agens impediatur: ſi adſint ſocia quæ requirun<lb></lb>tur, ſi ea quæ ſupponi actionibus oportet, præſtò ſint, ſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> agens non <expan abbr="liberũ">liberum</expan> ſit, ſed naturale. </s> <s>Horum <pb pagenum="618"></pb>enim aliquo deficiente <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> certè, aut non abſolutam actionem <expan abbr="conſecuturã">conſecuturam</expan> dicunt. </s> <s>Veruntamen <arrow.to.target n="marg3663"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> hæc verè pronunciata ſint, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> maiore methodo ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſunt expoſita; proptereà quòd ad <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3664"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& materiam vniuerſa relata ſunt. </s> <s>Inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eo quod patiendi vim habet, & agendi talem naturam <lb></lb>habentibus, qualem ſæpè diximus. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt vt illud actu ſit, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poteſtate. </s> <s>Cùm acciderit <lb></lb>vt hoc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vim habeat agendi, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> patiendi, <expan abbr="nihilq́">nihilque</expan>. </s> <s>deficiat <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ in <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſunt, <lb></lb>confeſtim hoc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> facit; illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> patitur. </s> <s>Hoc idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad hæc duo capita <expan abbr="relatũ">relatum</expan> fuiſſe noui<lb></lb>mus in 9. Met. quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aliàs à nobis explicatum eſt. </s> <s>Vtriuſque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſtantia <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, quòd modus imponatur, & terminus adſit, nam <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> forma terminus eſt materiæ, ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> efficientis; licèt intrinſecùs ſit ipſi materiæ, extra verò efficiens. </s> <s>impediri <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> agentis proprium eſt <lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, & materię; quoniam aut actus <expan abbr="cõtrarij">contrarij</expan>, aut habilitas ad ipſos ea fundatur; ſocia <lb></lb>ſunt pars efficientis, quæ ſupponuntur, ſunt affectiones in materia: eſſe <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naturale, aut liberum <lb></lb>agentis differentiæ ſunt. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò contingens ſe habeat tanquam priuatio, an ſit forma. <lb></lb></s> <s>Placet, ſi de ipſo primùm diſtinguatur: etenim aut aduertitur modus, aut res ipſa, cui tribuitur mo<lb></lb>dus. </s> <s>ac modus <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ille mihi videtur, quo vni multa opponuntur; hic verò eſt vt priuationis & <lb></lb>habitus; & reuera eſt ex ordine <expan abbr="poſteriorũ">poſteriorum</expan>, quorum ratio ex priorum ratione <expan abbr="cõponitur">componitur</expan>: quandò <lb></lb>vnum in <expan abbr="multorũ">multorum</expan> definitione continetur: ſed ſi res ipſa attendatur, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> opponuntur vt æternum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3665"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& mortale, quanquam reipſa nihil aliud ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſe habent vt oppoſito in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere, nimirùm <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, eò ſanè modo, quo ſubſtantia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> vniuocè de <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> prædicari, eſſentia .ſ. </s> <s>& prędicatione <lb></lb>conſiderata Metaphyſicè. </s> <s>Neque id officit, quòd accidens his differentiis ſit obnoxium: nam me<lb></lb>miniſti <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe verè differentias, ſed tranſcendentia quæ plura <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> genera peruagantur. </s> <s>Neceſſariò <lb></lb><expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> eſt impoſsibile. </s> <s>quòd etſi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quandam humiliorem præſegerit, at quendam <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> in <lb></lb>ſe habet, quo non eſt; cuius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> beneficio poſitiuum imitatur, illi vt contradicens opponitur non <lb></lb><expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, quòd de quolibet tam de eo quod eſt, quam de eo quod non eſt <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ex illis verè præ<lb></lb>dicatur, & per illud contradicit neceſſariò contingens. </s> <s>neceſſarium verò & impoſsibile non omne <lb></lb>genus amplectuntur. </s> <s>Non me latet exortam fuiſſe <expan abbr="controuerſiã">controuerſiam</expan> inter Auicennam & Auerroëm de <lb></lb>natura contingentis illius quod plurimùm eſt. </s> <s>exiſtimante Auicenna <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> & contingens plu<lb></lb>rimùm ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> non differre, ſed propter impedimentum quod eſt per accidens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> itidem <lb></lb>ponente <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> & contingens, vt <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> idem ſecundùm rem, <expan abbr="ſolumq.">ſolumque</expan> variari quo ad ſucceſ<lb></lb>ſus diuerſos. </s> <s>Contrà Auicennam Auerroës, & melius mea quidem ſententia. </s> <s>Tum quia <expan abbr="ſequeret̃">ſequeretur</expan>, <lb></lb>contingentia plurimùm fore per ſe neceſſaria: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit ipſe, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, quoniam impediuntur; <expan abbr="impe-dimentũ">impe<lb></lb>dimentum</expan> verò per accidens eſt, & ſine ipſo res conſiſtere queunt. </s> <s>ſi igitur hoc tollatur quod auferri <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, erit profectò, quod plurimum fieri conſueuit, neceſſarium per ſe. </s> <s>Deinde foret, vt non eſſet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3666"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contingens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> rarò, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> frequenter ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Conſentiunt hæc ſanè mirificè cum pla<lb></lb>cito Ariſt. </s> <s>etenim in contingenti plurimùm <expan abbr="contradicentiũ">contradicentium</expan> vis apparet; at vbi hoc, ibi poteſtas quæ <lb></lb>eſt ipſius materiæ natura; non ergo per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> frequenter eſt, ſed per ſe ipſum, & per <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>propriam à neceſſario ſeparatur, & videtur Auicenna confudiſſe <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturam cum merito & officio <lb></lb>methodi. </s> <s>in methodo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola eius quod per accidens eſt, ope mentis ipſum ab eo, quod plurimum <lb></lb>eſt ſecernentis, ratio nulla habetur: quamobrem eo repulſo quod rarò fit & per accidens, atque illo <lb></lb>remanente quod per ſe eſt, id quod plurimum fieri ſolet, <expan abbr="cõuertitur">conuertitur</expan> in neceſſarium, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſ<lb></lb>ſam eius ſcientia tradi poteſt; at re ipſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abſoluitur omnino ab accidente id quod plurimum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed hæc mox apertiora fient, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> inſtituimus hoc loco <expan abbr="digreſsionẽ">digreſsionem</expan> Auerrois ad hanc ipſam rem <expan abbr="at-tinẽtẽ">at<lb></lb>tinentem</expan> explicare, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ad ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> de fortuna & caſu <expan abbr="diſputãtur">diſputantur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mediocriter <expan abbr="cõducere">conducere</expan> arbitramur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3663"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3664"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>motu ani. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3665"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3666"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerrois digreſſio explicatur ex T. 48. Secundi Phyſ. de contingente ad vtrunlibet. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>L<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERBA Philoſophi è 2. Phyſ. T. 48. præbent nobis occaſionem, vt aliqua diſquiramus de illa <lb></lb>ſpecie contingentis quam ad vtrunlibet vocant, & eius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> indagemus, & è re nata docea<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3667"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſe habeat ad <expan abbr="fortunã">fortunam</expan> & caſum. </s> <s>Græci <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & Arabes in contrarias factiones diuiſi <lb></lb>ſunt, concedentibus quibuſdam. </s> <s>è Gręcis etiam ad contingens æqualiter pertinere fortunam & ca<lb></lb>ſum, & cum illis inter Arabas Auicenna, negantibus aliis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> poſteà ſubſcripſit Auerroës. </s> <s>Qui<lb></lb>defendunt partem problematis <expan abbr="aientẽ">aientem</expan> nituntur diuiſione quam aſsignauit Ariſt. </s> <s>eorum quæ fiunt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aut neceſſariò fiunt, aut plurimùm, aut nec plurimùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſariò: huiuſmodi verò aut <lb></lb>æqualiter, aut rarò fiunt. </s> <s>Si ergo fortuna & caſus in iis eſt quæ nec <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſariò fiunt: <lb></lb>igitur in iis verſabitur, quæ æqualiter & rarò contingunt. </s> <s>Addebat ſecundam rationem Auicenna: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> viſitaui amicum, & fortè cubabat; hoc ad vtrunlibet eſt, cùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus non ſuccedere, quàm <lb></lb>ſuccedre poſsit. </s> <s>Opponunt quidam è Gręcis eo quòd in iis explicandis quæ caſu & fortuna fiunt; <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>vtitur interdum hac voce, vt in paucioribus. </s> <s>Prętereà Philoponus ita pronunciabat. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb>eſt in nobis non eſſe fortunæ: contingens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> æqualiter eſſe in nobis, non igitur eſſe fortunæ. </s> <s>At hæc <lb></lb>leuia ſunt, quandò id quod dicit Ariſt. </s> <s>in paucioribus ita nonnulli è Græcis interpretantur, quia ſit <lb></lb>vel ſimpliciter, vel comparatè ad ea quæ ſemper, aut plurimùm fiunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>accipere hanc <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> <lb></lb>non ſimpliciter ſolùm, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõparatè">comparatè</expan>. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Philoponus opponebat falſum prorſus eſt, quia <pb pagenum="619"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3668"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contingens ad vtrunlibet, nonmodò eſt in nobis, ſed in natura, & in potentia, quæ patiendi vim ha<lb></lb>beat: quoniam veſtis hæc vri poteſt, & non vri, ſed incidi, & materia per ſe obtinet æqualem pote<lb></lb>ſtatem ad contraria. </s> <s>Illud acrius quod à Simplicio affertur, licèt ab Auerroë Themiſtio tribuatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quòd contingentia ad vtrunlibet, etſi pariter à ſua potentia pendent; nihilominus, vbi promouen<lb></lb>tur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, caſu, fortunáue non fiunt, vt poſſum ego ambulare, & non ambulare, ſiue hoc, ſiue illud <lb></lb>fecero; neutrum à caſu eſt, vel à fortuna. </s> <s>huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rei cauſſam hanc eſſe puto: quoniam vbi finis, <lb></lb>& appetitus antecedunt, non eſt id fortuna & caſu, ſed actioni in iis quæ ex ęquo eueniunt, hæc an<lb></lb>tecedunt: in his igitur <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> caſus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fortuna verſantur, atque ita motiones in animalibus fiunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen ad hanc rationem reſpondebat Auicenna dicens <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> non eſſe, vt vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>res <lb></lb>neceſſaria ſit, aut plurimum, ſi cum hac comparetur; cum alia verò fortunæ caſuíue ſubiiciatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic igitur ambulare & non ambulare cum potentia motrice, aut cum appetitu comparari poſſunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad potentiam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſunt hæc ad vtrunlibet, quoniam potentia non magis ad hoc, quàm ad il<lb></lb>lud dirigitur & ordinatur: at ſi appetitum ſpectes, hęc per ſe ſunt & neceſſariò, aut <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> plurimùm, <lb></lb>quia poſsit appetitus impediri, ne expleatur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, inquit <expan abbr="Auicẽna">Auicenna</expan>, diſtat ab eo quod <lb></lb>plurimum <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>, niſi quia <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> expers eſt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> impedimenti; cuius ſanè particeps eſt id quod <lb></lb>euenit <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan>: quòd ſi <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> ab eo, quod <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> fit, repelli poſſet, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> neceſſariò fieret. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3669"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ad <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> igitur ambulare caſu fortunáue eſt id quod æqualiter euenit: at per ſe exiſtit, ſi ad ap<lb></lb>petitum refertur; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione acceptum eſſe dici poſſet à Simplicio caſum & fortunam repudiare <lb></lb>contingens æqualiter. </s> <s>Contra Auicennam Auerroës argumentatur eo quòd actio nulla proficiſci<lb></lb>poteſt à cauſſa, quæ ad duo oppoſita ſit æquè affecta: ſi ergo debet actio præcedere, opus eſt, vt ab <lb></lb>aliquo determinetur, vt puta, ab appetitu. </s> <s>Tum quæro ego de hoc determinante, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſarium <lb></lb>eſt, aut plurimùm, aut æqualiter: atqui ad illa duo caſus & fortuna non pertinent, reſtat igitur ter<lb></lb>tium. </s> <s>ſed cùm hoc item infinitum ſit, ab eo nulla actio naſcetur; ſupereſt <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan>, vt ad id quod in pau<lb></lb>cioribus eſt, caſus & fortuna pertineant. </s> <s>Secundò inuehitur in <expan abbr="Auicennã">Auicennam</expan>, qui ponit eandem rem, ſi <lb></lb>diuerſa reſpiciat, neceſſariò plurimumúe eſſe poſſe, quia ſic foret, vt non eſſet contingens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> rarò, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plurimùm <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; id quod prorſus ſuperat opinionem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illud quod in aliquo <lb></lb>ineſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ad <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> vniuſmodi ſemper eſt, aut igitur eſt abſolutè neceſſarium, <lb></lb>aut plurimùm, aut rarò ſolùm ſuapte natura. </s> <s>Tertiò vrget alio nomine Auicennam Auerroës: nam <lb></lb>dixit ipſe neceſſarium ab eo quod <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> eſt, non differre, niſi propter impedimentum. </s> <s>contrà in<lb></lb>quit Auerroës: nam ſequeretur, vt contingentia plurimùm per ſe neceſſaria forent: etenim huiuſ<lb></lb>modi non ſunt, vt ipſe volebat, quoniam impediuntur; at impedimentum eſt accidens, quod ergo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3670"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plurimum eſt, per ſe neceſſarium exiſtet, huic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> dicto valde reclamat Ariſt. </s> <s>qui eſt communi <expan abbr="ho-minũ">ho<lb></lb>minum</expan> ſenſu docet neceſſarium à <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> contingente ſeparari, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt etiam contradictioni <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo contingens & neceſſarium ſubiiciantur in futuris. </s> <s>Ita confutato Auicenna ad <expan abbr="ſolu-tionẽ">ſolu<lb></lb>tionem</expan> quæſtionis accedit Auerroës; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eo conſiſtit, quòd <expan abbr="conſtituat̃">conſtituatur</expan>, in quibus'nam ſit contin<lb></lb>gens æqualiter. </s> <s>Dicit igitur Auerroës geminas eſſe potentias; alteram .ſ. </s> <s>quæ vim habeat efficiendi, <lb></lb>vt in igni ad calefaciendum, & in anima ad <expan abbr="mouendũ">mouendum</expan> corpus; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram, quę poſita ſit in <expan abbr="patiẽdo">patiendo</expan>, <lb></lb>vt appetitus in animali & materia prima. </s> <s>Quę facultate agendi pollet, teſtatur nunquam <expan abbr="obno-xiã">obno<lb></lb>xiam</expan> eſſe contingenti æqualiter; ſolas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> patibiles hoc attributo eſſe decoratas. </s> <s>Rationem huius rei <lb></lb>talem reddit: quoniam, ſi eſſet agens quod æqualia poſſet, natura foret ocioſa: nam poteſtas ad eſ<lb></lb>ſe & ad non eſſe, in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> per ſe æquales exiſterent: ſic igitur idem <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſimul agere & non <lb></lb>agere poſſet; quamobrem ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> actione ſuperſederet. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis obiiciat Auerroi, in materiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> idem <expan abbr="incõmodum">incommodum</expan> redundare; quia poteſtatem <expan abbr="æqualẽ">æqualem</expan> obtinet ad duo oppoſita; proptereà <lb></lb>non eſſe id abſurdum, quod Auerroës ipſe opponebat. </s> <s>Negat Auerroës, materiam poſſe ſimul op<lb></lb>poſita, ſed ſucceſsiuè, vt calorem æſtate, hyeme <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> frigus. </s> <s>At agens illud accipitur agere poſſe <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>eodem: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu per ſe; nec aliud quicquam expectat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> præſentiam patientis & affectionem, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3671"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ſe habet indiuiduè formam, quam vult exhibere patienti; hæc autem omnia partibiliter ſunt in <lb></lb>materia, vt dictum eſt aliàs. </s> <s>Cùm igitur actio proficiſcatur à gemino principio, actuoſo, inquam & <lb></lb>patibili; <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> patibile ſit æqualiter in potentia ad oppoſita, quia tamen actuoſum non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> habere <lb></lb>potentiam <expan abbr="æqualẽ">æqualem</expan> ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> fit, vt non reperiatur actio, quæ ſit contingens æqualiter. </s> <s>Diſſerit etiam <lb></lb>de diſcrimine quod intercedit inter neceſſarium, & id quod eſt maiore ex parte; hoc verò autumat <lb></lb>eſſe, quoniam contingens plurimùm <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> in ſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> potentiæ; neceſſarium verò potentia caret <lb></lb>ac ſi <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> illi tribuimus, ea cum actu coniuncta eſt, & ambigua. </s> <s>Hęc apud Auerroëm.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3667"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3668"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3669"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3670"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3671"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ ſit animi noſtri ſententia de contingente æqualiter. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DICAMVS modò nos, quæ ſit animi noſtri ſententia de contingente ad vtrunlibet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>verò tria tractat Auerroës: primùm, Ab ea poteſtate, quæ reſpicit æquè oppoſita, nullam edi <lb></lb><expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan>: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, Idem ex diuerſis rationib. eſſe non poſſe contingens ſimul & neceſſarium: tertium, <lb></lb>Neceſſarium & contingens non obtinere eandem naturam, nec ex accidente ſolùm diſcrepare; nos <lb></lb>quaſi Homericè ex ordiemur ab vltimo; ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuccedet facilius, vt cum <expan abbr="ſequẽtibus">ſequentibus</expan> dicta <expan abbr="cõnectant̃">connectantur</expan>. <pb pagenum="620"></pb>In primo igitur quantum eſt de hoc tertio probamus Auerroëm: conſentit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mirificè cùm Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3672"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in eo quod plurimum contingit, repugnantiæ vis apparet: at vbi hoc, ibi poteſtas, quę ſuapte <lb></lb>natura materiæ comitatur. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola repugnantiæ radix eſt, itaque id quod plurimum contingit, <lb></lb>non ſeparatur à neceſſario per accidens, ſed per ſe, & ſuopte impulſu. </s> <s>Quantum verò pertinet ad <lb></lb>ſecundum; probare certè non poſſum. </s> <s>idem, ſi conferatur cum diuerſis, non habere rationem eius <lb></lb>quod eſt per ſe, & eius quod eſt per accidens. </s> <s>malè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> feciſſet Ariſt. </s> <s>frigiditatem in aliquo naturam, <lb></lb>in alio verò accidens; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> natura eſt in aqua, accidens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in aëre, & aſcenſus in igni ſecundùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & per ſe, in terra verò pręter naturam & per accidens. </s> <s>ſed hæc alibi. </s> <s>& quantum pertinet <lb></lb>ad propoſitionem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>, quis negat id quod <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> per ſe gignit, ſed igitum generate per accidens, <lb></lb>& lapidem per ſe deſcendere, per accidens autem vulnerare? </s> <s>Mitto illud, quòd negat Auerroës <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> inter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & reliquas poteſtates aſſerens <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> æqualiter ad vtrun<lb></lb>que oppoſitum, cęteras verò nequaquam. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> poteſtates, modò non ſint impropriè, ex æquo <lb></lb>mihi videntur oppoſita ſpectare, & per ipſa definiri, & ea viciſsim accipere: quandoquidem in <expan abbr="oĩ-bus">omni<lb></lb>bus</expan> æquè exiſtit gradus & ordo propinquioris & remotioris, & <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ſemper eſt cum altero ex oppo<lb></lb>ſitis, & alterum iam iam exceptura, & cùm determinata eſt, non amplius vim potentiæ retinet, ſed <lb></lb>conuertitur in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, proinde altera pars contradicentium eſt ipſius actus; potentia ſibi vendicat in<lb></lb>finitatem. </s> <s>Illud proſequi volo quod ſuſcepimus antè nimirùm, etſi naturis diſconueniunt neceſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3673"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſarium, & id quod plurimùm fit; attamen conuenire ſubiecto, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt indiſſolubili quodammo<lb></lb>dò ſint deuincta. </s> <s>Atqui huic placito vniuerſa Peripateticorum ſchola reclamat, accipe ſine offen<lb></lb>ſione quæ dicimus; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id prius quàm quale ſit explicauero, repudieis, & audi nos illud dare bonis <lb></lb>Peripateticis, contingens in neceſſarium non abire, dum vna ratio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> habitudo conſeruetur; dum <lb></lb>etiam natura ipſa rei <expan abbr="aduertat̃">aduertatur</expan>, ſi verò diuerſæ ſint rationes & habitudines, ſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mentis officium at<lb></lb>tendamus, & quemadmodum cadit contingens in cogitationem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>; haud habeam pro abſurdo <lb></lb>confiteri nonmodò cum neceſſario conuenire, ſed in <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> degenerare <expan abbr="cõtingens">contingens</expan>. </s> <s>Nil dico <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>an'ne ſic eſſentia rei conſiſtat; de hoc in extremis libris cumulatè dicturus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt id planius fiat, <lb></lb>ſic exordiamur: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpectatur vis & natura contingentis, aut eius principia, aut exiſtentia; dico <lb></lb>verò <foreign lang="grc">ὑπαρξιν, & ὑπόστασιν</foreign>, aut nexus quo cum cęteris <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan>, & quaſi conglutinatum eſt ipsá <lb></lb>contingens, aut vt cadit in cogitationem: ad hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> capita commodè referri poſſe videtur quę <expan abbr="nuſq̃">nuſquam</expan> <lb></lb>animaduerſa comperio; licèt eorum quæ ſigillatim afferemus, <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> ab eruditiſsimo Sirenio fue<lb></lb>rint antè occupata. </s> <s>Quod igitur ad contingens ſpectat; quoad in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura conſiſtit, aut ſimpli<lb></lb>citer ſumitur, aut ſingulare, vt quòd ſim ruris amator, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc quidem ſic abhorret à neceſſario, vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> cum eo congruat, niſi ex hypotheſi, & cùm <expan abbr="deductũ">deductum</expan> fuerit ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc eſt propriè contin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3674"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gens. </s> <s>alterum cum neceſſario conſiſtit; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan>, vt opinor, ex conſecutione. </s> <s>ſiquidem oppoſitorum <lb></lb>quę ſunt extra mentem. (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> valet hoc in verum & falſum quæ ſunt cauſſa mentis) ſi vnum <lb></lb>fuerit in natura, & <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nonnunquàm ſit neceſſe eſt, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> hoc; at illud. </s> <s>Prętereà inter actus <lb></lb>eſt repugnantia & <foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστασία</foreign>, & poteſtas igitur quæ ſit repugnantium capax; ergo & ex contrario<lb></lb>rum lucta contingentia. </s> <s>Cùm igitur materia poteſtas innitatur; efficitur, vt ſi materia ſit; ſit quo<lb></lb>que contingens. </s> <s>atqui talis natura ſit neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> appellatur <foreign lang="grc">ἀνάγκη</foreign>. </s> <s>Proinde & neceſſarium, <lb></lb>& contingens cauſſa materiæ conſiſtunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſentialiter eſt neceſſarium; contingens propter euen<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Sed cùm intendat actum natura; repugnantia ſit vel per accidens, vel vt cauſſa ſine qua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>, <lb></lb>quemadmodum materia; hinc eſt vt illi non <foreign lang="grc">ὑπύστασῖς</foreign> abſolutè, quemadmodum neceſſariò, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à primo intento naturæ deflexo conueniat potius <foreign lang="grc">παρυπόστασις</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt, exiſtentia deprauata, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> malo. </s> <s>Quin etiam cùm è duobus principiis iunctæ ſint <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> ſenſiles, è poteſtate .ſ. </s> <s>& actu; <lb></lb>etiam contingens & <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> vnà conſtent oportet: ab actu <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſsitas erumpit, quandò eius na<lb></lb>tura <expan abbr="determinat̃">determinatur</expan> eo quod eſt eſſe ſolùm, è poteſtate verò contingentia manat, quia poteſtas inſtituta <lb></lb>eſt ad oppoſita. </s> <s>Quia verò poteſtas ad oppoſita duplex eſt & rationis <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan> & expers; <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> liquet, ſi <lb></lb>eſt poteſtas rationis <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan>, eſſe neceſſariò <expan abbr="cõtingẽs">contingens</expan>, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="volũtas">voluntas</expan> ex hac <expan abbr="cõtingẽtia">contingentia</expan>, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="volũtas">voluntas</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3675"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in iis verſatur quæ <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo ſe ſemper <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan>; aliter eſſet fruſtra. </s> <s>Proptereà cum merito materiæ, <lb></lb>tum etiam repugnantiæ quæ eſt inter formas, exiſtit contingens: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſas habet efficien<lb></lb>tes, vt planetarum motus per Zodiacum, vnde contrariorum viciſsitudines oriuntur in natura. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si exiſtentiam & <foreign lang="grc">ὑπαρξιν</foreign> ſpectemus, ideſt, vt eſt actu: neceſſe item eſt eſſe omne, <expan abbr="cuiuſcunq.">cuiuſcunque</expan> ordi<lb></lb>nis ſit, dum eſt; <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam magis, poſtquàm fuit, vnde illud ex Agathone apud Ariſtotelem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3676"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3672"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3673"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3674"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3675"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3676"></margin.target>a 6. Eth.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et celitum ſummo negatum eſt id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ratum quod eſt patiare poſſe non ratum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Inſuper aut <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="contradicentiũ">contradicentium</expan> pars in ſubiecto <expan abbr="ſpectat̃">ſpectatur</expan>, aut altera duntaxat, ac ſi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> pars <expan abbr="acci-piat̃">acci<lb></lb>piatur</expan>, neceſſaria ineſt, altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> niſi contingenter. </s> <s>Et ex aliquo <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> nexu <expan abbr="cõtingens">contingens</expan> fit <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi certę <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> cauſſæ <expan abbr="cõcurrant">concurrant</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> rarò & fortuitò, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex naturæ <expan abbr="cõſilio">conſilio</expan>, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtingẽs">contingens</expan> alioquin <lb></lb>ex eo <expan abbr="cõcurſu">concurſu</expan> neceſſariò naſcetur. </s> <s>Nexus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="cõtingentis">contingentis</expan> cum <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> neceſsitate <expan abbr="coniũctus">coniunctus</expan> <expan abbr="obſeruat̃">obſeruatur</expan>, <lb></lb>à quo exoritur alterum <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> ex hypotheſi, vt ſi <expan abbr="currã">curram</expan> ego, quod mihi contingit; neceſſariò <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>mouebor, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de hoc diligentius aliàs: nam de his certum eſt <expan abbr="artificiũ">artificium</expan> conſtitutum, quod contin<lb></lb>gentium conſecutiones exponat: verùm nobis ea libaſſe ſufficiat, quæ ad munus naturale pertinere </s></p> <pb pagenum="621"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3677"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cenſuimus: nunc, vt inſtituimus, ad noſtra redeamus. </s> <s>Vltimus omnium modus eſt, quia tametſi <lb></lb>res <expan abbr="cõtingenter">contingenter</expan> fiat, poſſum pronunciare de ipſa verè, quòd ſit. </s> <s>quòd ſi oratio vera eſt & ex eo quod <lb></lb>vera eſt rem eſſe neceſſe eſt; igitur & id quod poſuimus eſſe contingens, euadet neceſſarium, quod <lb></lb>de oratione <expan abbr="decernit̃">decernitur</expan>, ad opinionem etiam accommodari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quandò elocutioni præcedit opinio: <lb></lb>vox <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nota eſt <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> notionum quæ in anima præceſſerunt. </s> <s>Significauimus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> paullò antè cum ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò continges in methodo commutari. </s> <s>Non eſt item abſurdum, opinor, vt ex diuerſis <expan abbr="rõnibus">rationibus</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="contingentiũ">contingentium</expan> modi <expan abbr="cõmutentur">commutentur</expan>; etenim <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> non eſt, quin <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> actio mihi ſuccedat ex conſilio; <lb></lb>tibi verò fortuitò, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pugnant hæc, aut <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> dogmatis aduerſantur, quia rei natura non <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmutatur">commutatur</expan>; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perpetuò ad cauſſas ex quibus pendet, <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ingenij, ſed modus ex habitudinum <lb></lb>varietate fit alius; illud philoſophi commutari negant, mutari <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modos experientia docet. </s> <s>Ex his <lb></lb>apparet <expan abbr="contingentiũ">contingentium</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> qui <expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan> ex potentia, ſeu potius indeterminatione <lb></lb>quæ inhæret in materia ſingulari, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, per quę ſanè partim cum neceſsitate, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> oppoſito <lb></lb>conuenit (ſunt enim eiuſdem generis) partim diſcrepat, etenim principia oppoſitorum proxima <lb></lb>ſunt oppoſita.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3677"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertium caput eiuſdem digreſſionis expenditur diligenter quo docetur, an neceſſarium & contingens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3678"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidente ſolo diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3678"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DE tertio illo quod eſt princeps diſputationis huiuſce membrum. </s> <s>Erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>. </s> <s>Neceſſarium & con<lb></lb>tingens eandem naturam non obtinere, nec ex accidente ſolùm diſiungi; puto oportere diſtin<lb></lb>gui contingens pro diuerſis rationibus quas obtinet: etenim aut accipitur, vt non dum eſt in actu, <lb></lb>ſed vt relatum ad ſuas cauſſas in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> virtute continetur, vt quòd ego nunc non ſim ſacerdos, aut <lb></lb>quando eſt actu iam, ita verò dicatur contingens, quae olim actu non eſſet. </s> <s>Rurſus contingens intuetur <lb></lb>poteſtatem actuoſam, aut patibilem quæ item diſtinguuntur: quoniam ſunt aut naturales, aut libe<lb></lb>ræ. </s> <s>Deinde ſignandum illud, nempe fortunam & caſum pertinere ad cauſſas efficienteis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud <lb></lb>prætermittendum, Agentia quorum actiones caſus, ſeu fortuna ſectatur, non quoad ſe ipſa <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> ha<lb></lb>bere affinitatem cum fortuna & caſu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> quo ad actiones quæ pendent ab illis proximè, & per ſe, <lb></lb>verùm ad illa ſolum quæ ita pendent ab agente, vt conſequantur actiones quæ proximè & per ſe <lb></lb>ab ipſo proficiſcuntur. </s> <s>Cùm hæc ita ſint, illud generatim ſtatui poteſt. </s> <s>Contingens <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> illud <lb></lb>ſit, vt reſpicit poteſtatem patibilem, ſiue fuerit naturalis, vt materia; ſiue in nobis, vt voluntas, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ad <lb></lb>obiectum docebimus aliàs eſſe facultatem patibilem; cum quantum ſpectat ad corpus, è numero a<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3679"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctuoſarum fortaſſe non ſit expellenda, eiici è caſu <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> fortuna. </s> <s>Præterea contingens, vt poteſtate ſo<lb></lb>lum eſt, nam caſus, & fortuna verſantur in actionib. quæ cuiuſpiam rei gratia fiunt. </s> <s>Spectemus ergo, <lb></lb>vt caſus & fortuna poſsint eſſe circa contingens quod iam relatum ſit ad actum, & quoad poteſta<lb></lb>tem actuoſam pertinet. </s> <s>Credo autem ſic nihil prohibere, quominus contingens ad vtrumlibet for<lb></lb>tunæ, caſuiúe obnoxium ſit, cùm quia per accidens actioni meæ quippiam euenire poteſt quod ſit è <lb></lb>genere huiuſmodi contingentium, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae aliquid per accidens ineſſe poteſt in actione quæ ſit ex <lb></lb>eodem genere, veluti poſitum eſt in me, & in te ambulare, & non ambulare, accidit, vt, dum te con<lb></lb>uenio, ſpatieris, & me ſpatiando pellas. </s> <s>quae ego, ac tu ambulemus, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> contingunt æqualiter. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="quaevtroq.">quae <lb></lb>vtroque</expan> ambulante pulſio fiat, hoc eſt planè fortuitum, addo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> rarum, quae <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> ſępius ambulabimus, <lb></lb>nunquam <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> fortè inter nos offendemus. </s> <s>Quin etiam ſunt quædam artes, quas philoſophi Stochaſti<lb></lb>cas appellant eo, quae coniectura contineantur, & ſint opinabiles, hoc eſt, ambiguum finem habeant: in <lb></lb>his agnoſcitur fortuna, vt in imperatoria, arte dicendi, & medica, cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inſtrumenta & actiones <lb></lb>quib. exoptatum finem conſequi poſsint, varia ſint, oportet, cum eo quod eligitur, concurrat, & con<lb></lb>cordet propenſio quædam rerum tractandarum, hoc verò in fortuna ſitum eſt: electio mediorum <lb></lb>contingens eſt; & tamen ibi fortunæ vis apparet, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iudicium de ſortib. & ludo faciendum: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi ſcopus ſe ſorti committentis, aut ludentis eſt aliquid obtinere, at media tamen incertitu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3680"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dinis, & infinitatis plena ſunt, ex quo fortuna exiſtit. </s> <s>Sic imperitus medicus agit inconſultò, & in<lb></lb>certè tamen, ſi talem actionem aggrediatur quæ in ægro propenſionem reperiat, conſequitur ſanita<lb></lb>tem: hîc adeſt fortuna; & actiones mali medici contingentes, quo fit, vt philoſophi prædicent vbi <lb></lb>plurimum artis, ibi fortunæ parum deſiderari; & arti fortunam repugnare. </s> <s>Nam quod dicebat Hip<lb></lb>pocrates, fortunam artis eſſe pediſſequam, intelligebat rerum euenta ſolùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſorum principia <lb></lb>reſpiciebat. </s> <s>Non ergo ſimpliciter in his caſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> fortuna ſpectari poſſunt: etenim ſi vt iam actu exi<lb></lb>ſtentia, & vt pendent proximè, & per ſe à cauſsis ſuis efficientib. accipiantur: iam video nihil in his <lb></lb>eſſe caſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> fortunæ. </s> <s>verùm quae iis quatenus actu ſunt, adnexum fit aliquid quod fortuitum ſit; in<lb></lb>ficiari non audeo; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ex rarò euenientib. eſſe puto: proptereà fortunam & caſum optimè con<lb></lb>ſtitui reor ex iis quæ minus ſuccedunt; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſibi voluiſſe credo Simplicium, & Auerroëm; & id <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> <lb></lb>eorum argumenta concludere poſſe dicimus. </s> <s>quæ nos ſanè damus ſemper defendentes naturam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>mutari, ſed modum; & fortunam ad ea pertinere non intrinſecùs; ſed propter adnexa. </s> <s>Auicennæ ve<lb></lb>rò ſententiam accipiemus in eam partem, vt æqualiter contingentia non ſint quoquomodo abſolu<lb></lb>ta à fortuna & caſu: quippe quae aliquid adnexum habere queant, quod rarum ſit & ideò fortuitum; <pb pagenum="622"></pb>& hoc etiam probant rationes Auicennæ quæ ab auctoritate Ariſtotelis, & experientia ſunt acceptę. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3681"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quia verò doctiſsimi viri confirmant nob. </s> <s>rationib. alteram partem problematis: age ſpectemus & <lb></lb>nos, vtrum'ne contra decretum noſtrum quicquam ponderis habeant. </s> <s>Hæc igitur ipſi opponunt. </s> <s>Ef<lb></lb>fectus iudicari debet qualis ſit ex cauſſa principali, ſed ambulatio, puta tu, quæ contingens eſt, profi<lb></lb>ciſcitur à voluntate ſecundùm determinationem: at quod ab ipſa ſic affecta proficiſcitur, fortuna <lb></lb>non eſt. </s> <s>Deinde fortuna eſt in eo genere quod agit ex intellectu & electione: ergo ſi ambulatio for<lb></lb>tuna foret; id profectò ambulanti acceptum referendum eſſet, quatenus eligendo agit, ſed merito vo<lb></lb>luntatis fortuna non eſt. </s> <s>Tertiò ambulatio proficiſcitur à virtute: atqui hæc aut definita eſt, aut infi<lb></lb>nita: at ab infinita nihil vnquam proficiſci poteſt. </s> <s>quae ſi definita fuerit; at iam ibi fortuna non colloca<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae virtus motrix, aut habet finem, aut caret fine: ſi fine ipſam carere dixeris: at for<lb></lb>tuna ponitur in illis quæ finem habent. </s> <s>quae ſi contrà finem habeat ambulatio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igitur fortuita. </s> <s>Quin<lb></lb>tò ſi merito virtutis ambulatio fortuita foret, ſequeretur, vt fortuna eſſet cauſſa certa & finita, quod <lb></lb>tamen Peripateticæ ſententiæ prorſus aduerſatur. </s> <s>Quid <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prohiberet, quominus inſtrumenta om<lb></lb>nia fortuito ſeruirent? </s> <s>nam per ſe infinita ſunt, ab agente verò determinantur. </s> <s>Poſtremò velle & in<lb></lb>telligere eſſent actiones fortuitæ: quia virtus ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> indeterminata eſt. </s> <s>Apparet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perſpicuè in <lb></lb>omnib. hiſce <expan abbr="argumẽtis">argumentis</expan>, actionem illam quam ponimus eſſe fortuitam, non ſanè ad actionem prin<lb></lb>cipem eſſe relatam, cui contingere dicimus id quod eſt ad vtrunlibet; ſed principem ad initia ſua, à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3682"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua relatione caſus & fortuna repudiantur, & ita inſtrumenta operantur, quia diriguntur à fine & <lb></lb>efficiente, nec tamen abſurdum eſt, vt ſuprà indicauimus exemplo mali medici, ipſa fortuito quip<lb></lb>piam operari. </s> <s>Et à nob. </s> <s>actio fortuita ponitur in illis quæ finem habent non ſanè quae ipſa habeat fi<lb></lb>nem; verùm quae illi ſit adiuncta. </s> <s>quæ habet finem. </s> <s>Et quanuis velle & intelligere ſint virtutes quæ re<lb></lb>ſpiciunt oppoſita, & vbi in actum prodeunt, determinentur, & à fortuna <expan abbr="caſuq́">caſuque</expan>. </s> <s>abſint: tamen, quin <lb></lb>iis, quæ à voluntate & intelligentia proficiſcuntur; aliquid fortuitum poſsit affigi, nunquam ea ra<lb></lb>tio conuincet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3679"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3680"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3681"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3682"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de fato cenſuerit Ariſtoteles: & dubitationes nonnullæ diluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SEQVITVR mox, vt ad Ariſtotelicæ ſententiæ explicationem nos conferamus. </s> <s>hoc vero non <lb></lb>magni negotij nob. </s> <s>erit, quippe quae Alexander hanc rem vberrimè, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> appoſitiſsimè explicarit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inquit igitur ille. </s> <s>Eum qui dixerit fatum, ſignificare cauſſam efficientem: dicimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc à fato fa<lb></lb>ctum fuiſſe, perſpicuum verò eſt efficiens operari gratia finis: quare etiam fatum ad ea pertinebit <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt cuiuſpiam rei gratia. </s> <s>Cęterùm finis alicuius gratia operantur, ratio quemadmodum vnuſquiſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3683"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que experitur; tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> natura, ſicuti multis probatum eſt ab ipſo philoſopho: ergo & fatum, aut ad <lb></lb>ea pertinebit quæ fiunt à nob. </s> <s>aut ad ea quæ fiunt à natura. </s> <s>At verò ea quæ facimus nos, arbitratu <lb></lb>noſtro facimus: nec eorum cauſſam dicimus eſſe fatum: quare efficitur, vt ſpectet ad ea quæ ſunt na<lb></lb>tura. </s> <s>Rurſus ea quę ſunt natura, aut plurimum ſunt, aut ſemper: nec etiam in his quę ſemper ſunt, <lb></lb>nec vnquam fiunt, fati vox vſurpatur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fato binarium dicimus eſſe parem, quamobrem in <lb></lb>his quæ plurimum fiunt, comperitur fatum: hæc iterum aut ſunt, aut fiunt. </s> <s>ea item quæ ſunt, arcen<lb></lb>tur à fato, quatenus ſunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ergo ita ſunt obnoxia fato, quà generationem intuentur. </s> <s>ſi ergo ea quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3684"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt vt plurimum, ſunt natura: fiunt etiam natura, quæ plurimum fiunt: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc fato fieri dicun<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>planum quae fieri natura, & fato ſunt idem. </s> <s>Ad hæc ea quæ fiunt, aut ita fiunt, quae habeant <foreign lang="grc">ἀταξὶαν</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>.i. </s> <s>ordine vacent, aut fiunt <foreign lang="grc">εὐτάκτως</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ordine conſeruato. </s> <s>hæc verò ſi fiunt perpetuò, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſe<lb></lb>parantur à fato: ſi verò conturbetur ordo; cùm ordo ſit amicus naturæ, eius perturbatio moleſta & <lb></lb>odioſa: quapropter ex ordine res naturales plurimùm fiant, rarò extra ordinem, ſi fatum eſt in ijs <lb></lb>quæ natura fiunt; ideò & fatalium rerum productio ſegregatur ab eo quod extra ordinem naturæ, <lb></lb><expan abbr="raròq́">raròque</expan>. </s> <s>contingit. </s> <s>Prætereà quæ fiunt, ſingularia ſunt, vniuerſale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non eſt per generationem, neque <lb></lb>per corruptionem non eſt: ergo fatum erit efficiens in his ſingularib. quæ cùm gratia finis ſint, in na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3685"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura ſunt, quæ ordine vacat interdum; ſed ordinem ipſa conſequuntur. </s> <s>Eius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiæ fuiſſe <lb></lb>Theophraſtum in Calliſthene ſuo teſtis eſt Alexander. </s> <s>Iis quæ plurimum fiunt ea quæ rarò <expan abbr="eueniũt">eueniunt</expan>, <lb></lb>opponuntur, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non natura, ſed præter naturam eſſe dicuntur. </s> <s>ſicut ergo ſunt præter naturam; <lb></lb>ſic erit aliquid <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pręter fatum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eò vis contrariorum perducit, vt ſi vnum è contrariis de alte<lb></lb>ro prædicetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> compar de compare prędicari neceſſe ſit. </s> <s>Ex his etiam ſequitur, vt aliquid fato qui<lb></lb>dem fiat, aliquid autem quod fato non ſit obnoxium. </s> <s>Prætereà vt cum fato ipſo contingentia conſi<lb></lb>ſtat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi adeſt illa perturbatio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> carentia ordinis; & res fato fieri conueniret, non neceſſa<lb></lb>riò fiunt: ſed interrumpi <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> poſſunt. </s> <s>Repellebat item Alexander ibidem à vi fati, tum ſucceſ<lb></lb>ſionem tempeſtatum, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> elementorum mutationes. </s> <s>Attamen ex eiuſdem Ariſtotelis auctorita<lb></lb>te non poſſumus in Alexandri venire ſententiam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſe certas rerum mutationes, vtputa, tem<lb></lb>pora ortus & decrementi. </s> <s>& periodos <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ τήν εἱμαρμένην</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſecundùm fatum vocat. </s> <s>ac re vera in <lb></lb>his eſt idem <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> naturæ curſus, qui nonnunquam interpellatur: ſiquidem æſtate media magni <lb></lb>nos æſtus vrgere ſoleant: attamen <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> multæ pluuiæ præter conſuetum frigus efficiunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Niſi fortè voluit Alexander notare ſolùm eorum ſucceſsionem quæ videtur eſſe neceſſaria propter <pb pagenum="619"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3686"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reditus aſtrorum. </s> <s>Hæc ergo etiam facto ſubſiſtunt, cùm vnà cum ordine retineant item ataxian <expan abbr="quã-dam">quan<lb></lb>dam</expan>; quae per certas qualitates conſtituuntur, quæ non perpetuò ſeruant eoſdem progreſſus; ideò medi<lb></lb>ci non ſpatia temporum, ſed temperaturas obſeruari iubent. </s> <s>Verum enimuero aduerſus hæc Stoici <lb></lb>diſſerebant: quia ſic ſentiemus ſecundùm fatum, & bene maléue agemus: quoniam etiam natura <lb></lb>homini datum eſt, vt bene maléue agat. </s> <s>Reſpondet Alexander, facultatem quidem ſentiendi & ra<lb></lb>tionem eſſe ſecundùm naturam; ſed actum eſſe ab anima; & male agere ſecundùm naturam eſt & ſe<lb></lb>cundùm fatum: quia talis facultas homini inſita eſt à natura, verùm quae ita aut aliter agamus, & cùm <lb></lb>bene agere poſsimus, malè operemur: id <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſarium eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fato, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> natura: quamobrem <lb></lb>ex illo primo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> laudamur, nec vituperamur: at illud ſecundum laudes & vituperia conſequun<lb></lb>tur; ſic igitur etiam manente nexu naturalium cauſſarum, nob. </s> <s>tamen electio vitæ relinquitur. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>ita ſunt auctorib. Peripateticis. </s> <s>Quare venio nunc ad ſolutionem argumentorum quæ cum genera<lb></lb>tim, tum etiam ſigillatim ad approbandam fati neceſsitatem allata fuerant. </s> <s>Prima autem ratio ab iis <lb></lb>accepta, quæ de enunciatione dici ſolent, ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diluitur. </s> <s>De quolibet verum eſſe aſſerere <lb></lb>diuiſim, aut coniunctim; quæ item ei qui vel primorib. labiis dialecticen deguſtarit, perſpicua ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Secunda ſic infirmatur. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> opponitur, omnia habent cauſſam antecedentem; concedimus adhi<lb></lb>bito dioriſmo & limitatione, vel per ſe, vel per accidens Prætereà cùm adiicitur; ex hac cauſſa mana<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3687"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re effectum. </s> <s>Hîc opus eſt explicare modum quo effectus in ea mundi parte quæ intra cęli ſinum <expan abbr="con-tinet̃">con<lb></lb>tinetur</expan>, à ſuis cauſsis pendent de qua item re eſt, quae conſulamus <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>, è cuius ſententiis <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> quæ<lb></lb>ſtio probè diſſoluitur. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur eo ſumpto, quod communis hominum iudicio pollentium ſenſus <lb></lb>facillimè recipit, ita reſpondet: quædam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, neceſſariò fieri; nonnulla contrà communis <expan abbr="loquẽ-di">loquen<lb></lb>di</expan> vſus atteſtatur, qui ea quæ reſpiciunt tempus futurum, duplici nomine exprimere conſueuit, <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐσόμενα</foreign> vocans, aliàs <foreign lang="grc">μέλλοντα</foreign> & ea nuncupat <foreign lang="grc">ἐσόμενα</foreign> .i. </s> <s>quæ erunt quæ à nullo, vel etiam malo <lb></lb>fato ſubuerti poſſunt: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita pronuntiat, erit ſolſtitium, & erit bruma: <foreign lang="grc">μέλλοντα</foreign> verò, hoc eſt, futu<lb></lb>ra quæ vel quauis leui occaſione impediri queant, vt parum abſit, quin ipſa ſint: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita loquitur: <lb></lb>fore, vt Romam proficiſcar: <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo nos admonente natura quædam eſſe quæ neceſſariò ſint; <lb></lb>non omnia verò: quoniam ratio eadem eſt eorum quæ ſunt, & eorum quæ fiunt: ſicut ergo ſunt <lb></lb>quædam quæ non fieri nequeant; ſed neceſſariò fient; vt quae Sol ingrediatur arietem; ſic erunt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>neceſſariò quædam; ita, vt quando præſentia fuerint, de illis enuntiare liceat quae neceſſariò ſunt. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quædam reperiuntur quæ non neceſſariò ſunt; ſed fieri poſſunt, vt, quae ego Romam profecturus ſim; <lb></lb>attamen manebo Piſis. </s> <s>ita Romam proficiſci mihi non neceſſe erit; & quando illò profectus fuero; <lb></lb>id non neceſſariò fecero. </s> <s>non omnia igitur neceſſariò fiunt. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis; cùm planum ſit vniuſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3688"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modi non eſſe neceſsitatem, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimpliciter eſt quæ.ſ. </s> <s>nulla ratione peruerti poteſt; aut quodam<lb></lb>modo, ſiue ex hypotheſi, dubitare <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>, quemadmodum neceſsitas inſit in his quorum ortus & <lb></lb>interitus habet, vt inquit ipſe <foreign lang="grc">τὸ εἱμαρμένον</foreign>, & quemadmodum ait Hippocrates <foreign lang="grc">τὴν πεπρωμένην <lb></lb>μοίρην</foreign>, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> fatum ſignificatur à Græcis: an .ſ. </s> <s>cùm hoc fit poſt hoc, id quod poſterius fit <lb></lb><expan abbr="nobisq́">nobisque</expan>. </s> <s>propinquius eſt, neceſſariò factum fuerit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> illo iam facto quod ordine naturæ anteceſsit; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3689"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt ſi domus ædificanda ſit; fundamenta iaciantur oportet: ac ſi fundamenta iacienda ſint, neceſſe eſt, <lb></lb>præſtò glaream & calcem eſſe quibus ipſa fundentur. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne ſi glarea & calx adſint, fundamen<lb></lb>ta neceſſariò fiant, & ſi iacta fuerint neceſſariò domus ædificetur? </s> <s>Reſpondet igitur Ariſt. </s> <s>ad quæ<lb></lb>ſtionem, dicens hoc nullo modo neceſſarium eſſe, niſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuapte natura id quod poſterius eſt, aliqua <lb></lb>vi cogente præditum ſit, verùm ſiqua eſt neceſsitas, ea eſt ex hypotheſi, à poſteriore .ſ. </s> <s>ad prius: vtpu<lb></lb>ta, ſi ſtruendum ſit ædificium, fundamenta ex cauanda ſunt, & ſi debeant iaci fundamenta, calx & <lb></lb>glarea ſunt cogenda. </s> <s>Intelligimus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſterius habere aliquam neceſsitatem quæ cogat, vt nullo <lb></lb>modo prohiberi poſsit, veluti Sol eſt nunc in piſcib. <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> neceſſe fuit illum eſſe ibidem, quando erat in <lb></lb>Aquario: & nunc eum eſſe in Geminis neceſſe eſt: quare, quando erit in Aquario, neceſſariò item <lb></lb>erit ibi: non quidem, quia nunc ſit in Geminis, ſed quae ea res per ſe illiuſmodi neceſsitatem pręſefert, <lb></lb>cùm tamen pluere tum non ſit neceſſe. </s> <s>Verùm hæc fortaſſe nimirum generalia ſunt, & potius typo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3690"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tradita; quàm accuratius tractata cenſeri poſsint. </s> <s>quamobrem præſtat nunc, vt hoc negotium pro<lb></lb>lixius agamus, cùm cæteroqui nec ab Ariſtotele neglectum fuerit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3683"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3684"></margin.target>a Alex. 2. <lb></lb>de An. c. <lb></lb>27.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3685"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3686"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3687"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3688"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3689"></margin.target>a 2. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3690"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur ratio neceſſitatis inter cauſſas, & effecta quæ fatalia conſtitui<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ITAQVE ſic dicendum de his quæ fiunt, ſiue neceſſaria ſint, ſeu non neceſſaria: ſi poſtremum <lb></lb>eſt, neceſſe eſt eſſe prius, & eſſe <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> neceſsitatem ex hypotheſi: verùm ſi prius ſit, non neceſſe <lb></lb>eſt eſſe poſterius, <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> in his quæ etiam ſi poſteriora ſint, tamen ſuæ neceſsitatis cauſſam adiun<lb></lb>ctam habent, quae in ipſis circulus exiſtit, vt ſi poſterius hoc ſit, etiam neceſſe ſit illud anteceſsiſſe, & ſi <lb></lb>prius hoc ſit, neceſſe itidem ſit illud alterum conſequi: quandò alioquin in iis quæ ex hypotheſi <lb></lb>ſunt neceſſaria, ſolùm ſit ordo poſterioris ad prius, non contrà: proptereà <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aſsignatum eſt ſimplici<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3691"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ter neceſſarium perpetuis, quod verò ex hypotheſi omnib. his etiam quæ generationi ſubiiciuntur, <lb></lb>quare orbis quidem in neceſſariis ſimpliciter obſeruabitur qui valdè alienus eſt ab his quæ neceſſa <pb pagenum="624"></pb>ria ſunt ex hypotheſi. </s> <s>id tantùm apto exemplo poterit explicari, ſi fingamus has res in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> appa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3692"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret neceſsitas, eſſe diſpoſitas ſecundùm lineam quandam, & ex iis aliquas <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> imitari, quae ad prius <lb></lb>à poſteriore procedant, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iterum à priore commeant ad poſterius: aliàs verò quarum ordo ſolus <lb></lb>eſt à poſteriore ad prius, eſſe diſpoſitas ſecundùm lineam rectam, quòd vnum tantummodò proceſ<lb></lb>ſum pręſeferant, à poſteriore nimirùm ad prius, nec à priore redeant ad poſterius, ſed ad nouas cauſ<lb></lb>ſas aſsiduè progrediantur. </s> <s>Profectò proceſſus hic notatur in cauſsis & effectis, & <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo fini<lb></lb>tus eſt, aut infinitus. </s> <s>De cauſsis principio diſſeramus. </s> <s>Vbi verò res circulum imitetur, nullus extat or<lb></lb>do conſecutionis, cùm id quod priori ſuccedit, non propter prius, ſed per ſe ipſum ſit neceſſarium. <lb></lb></s> <s>neceſſe quidem ſit hoc anteceſsiſſe, ſi hoc eſt, & ſi eſt hoc, & illud conſequi, neutiquàm tamen, vt <lb></lb>hoc ſit, vt illud conſequatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt hoc conſequatur, quia fuerit illud. </s> <s>Vbi autem res rectà proce<lb></lb>dat, neceſſarium ſimpliciter nunquàm exiſtet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſi fuerit linea finita, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſi infinita, ſed id ad ſum<lb></lb>mum quod eſt ex ſuppoſitione, à poſteriore ad prius, non contrà: nam ſi fuerit domus etiam neceſ<lb></lb>ſe eſt iacta fuerint fundamenta, ſi verò fundamenta iacta fuerint, non eſt idcirco neceſſe <expan abbr="domũ">domum</expan> fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe ędificatam, & planè vinculum neceſsitatis in linea recta infinita non reperitur. </s> <s>quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimpli<lb></lb>citer neceſſarium: nam <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> dato ſemper aliquid prius accipere contingit: vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ibi cauſſa <lb></lb>non eſt, quia nihil primum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ibi neceſsitas eſt ex hypotheſi; quandoquidem in hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3693"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt ordo primi, ideſt, quoad nos, ad ſecundum quod .ſ. </s> <s>multò prius extitit (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primum omnino <lb></lb>tempore ſumendum eſt etiam Ariſt. </s> <s>nos admonente; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vberius explicante Alexandro <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>) at in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3694"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>infinito nil huiuſmodi obſeruatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item rectus ille ordo, qui linea finita deſignatur; perpe<lb></lb>tuus eſt: quandò cauſſam antecedentem non neceſſariò conſequitur effectus. </s> <s>ſin, iactis fundamen<lb></lb>tis, prohiberi non poſſet, quominus extrueretur domus: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id fieret, vt quod ſemper eſt, quippe <lb></lb>ſimpliciter neceſſarium; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemper eſſet. </s> <s>Et quoniam eadem eſt ratio eius quod fit, & eius quod eſt: <lb></lb>ita vt ſiquid ex neceſsitate eſt, ſemper ſit, & ſi fiat ex neceſsitate, ſemper etiam fiat; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> contra; ſi <lb></lb>non ſit ex neceſsitate, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſemper ſit: ac ſi non neceſſariò fiat; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> itidem ſemper eueniat. </s> <s>ideò ſi <lb></lb>ex neceſsitate fiunt, igitur etiam ſemper fiunt. </s> <s>Hæc eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non fieri contingit. </s> <s>quamobrem <lb></lb>non ſemper erunt eadem: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſemper, & non ſemper exiſtent. </s> <s>& quoniam eſt eadem ratio eius <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>fit, & eius quod eſt, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſemper, & non ſemper euenient. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> inficiari poſſumus hæc eſſe <lb></lb>contradicentia: ita vt non verearis, ne ſimul conſiſtant: quinimmò planè repugnant: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſeſe viciſ<lb></lb>ſim patiuntur: quia quod eſt neceſſariò, non poteſt non eſſe: at hoc quod accepimus, poteſt non eſ<lb></lb>ſe: poſſe verò non eſſe, & non poſſe non eſſe locum contradicentium occupant: erit ergo neceſsitas <lb></lb>ſimpliciter in his quæ circulum præſeferunt in quo ſine intermiſsione ſeries, ac nexus ille rerum fata<lb></lb>lis continuari poterit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſic vniuerſum hunc diſcurſum hoc dilemmate comprehendemus. </s> <s>Aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3695"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>.n. finem <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> aſſèquetur naturalium rerum generatio, aut demum finietur. </s> <s>Terminus verò ipſa<lb></lb>rum procreationi adſcribere fas non eſt, permanentib. in ſententia Peripateticorum: erit igitur pro<lb></lb>greſſus in infinitum; hic igitur aut rectus, aut in orbem: atqui rectum eſſe non poſſe demonſtratum <lb></lb>eſt, quia non ſit ibi principium: at verò generatio nulla ſine quodam principio conſiſtit, idcirco ſi ve<lb></lb>limus ſeruare perpetuitatem generationis; opus eſt occurrere cuidam principio rerum quod ſempi<lb></lb>ternum ſit: ſicuti etiam iugis hæc rerum caducarum ſucceſsio ſempiterna eſt. </s> <s>nullum verò aliud me<lb></lb>lius eſſe poteſt, quàm id quod in circuitu omnia verſat; nec mutabile eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter ſe habere poteſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in eius motu apparet neceſſaria reciprocatio prioris & poſterioris. </s> <s>vt .ſ. </s> <s>ita ordinatis reb. ſi pri<lb></lb>us ſit, poſterius neceſſariò conſequatur, & ſi fuerit poſterius, non potuerit non pręceſsiſſe id quod an<lb></lb>teà fuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc modo conſtituamus neceſsitatem in his quæ fiunt: & id erit quod fatum ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſolet appellari. </s> <s>Conſiſtet ergo neceſsitas abſoluta rerum quæ ſunt obnoxiæ generationi, volutatione <lb></lb>cęleſti, quæ cùm ſit, neceſſariò res apud nos orientur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alia neceſsitate rerum vniuerſitatem gu<lb></lb>bernari putandum eſt; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hanc eſſe legem fatalem, quæ à cęleſti ratione producitur qua à priore <lb></lb>ad poſterius progredi, & à poſteriore ad prius regredi neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> hæc ſeries in æternis ſub ima<lb></lb>gine Palladis expreſſa eſt, quæ eſt ſcientiæ dea, qui eſt habitus habens neceſsitatem; in noſtratib. verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3696"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſub imagine Neptuni aquarum dei, quæ ſunt in aſsiduo fluxu. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de ordine cauſſarum. </s> <s>nunc <lb></lb>contemplemur effecta. </s> <s>In effectis item eſt, quae conſeruetur ea neceſsitas, quia fiat reditus ab eodem in <lb></lb>idem; vtrum'ne idem ſit id quod redit, an'ne alia ratione diſpoſitum. </s> <s>mox videbimus: nam in aliqui<lb></lb>bus idem eſſe videtur, vt ſi è nube pluuia fiat, & iterum pluuia de nube. </s> <s>at è Sophroniſco fit Sorates; <lb></lb>ex ipſo verò non amplius Sophroniſcus; & in illis eſt neceſſaria connexio & reflexio à nube ad plu<lb></lb>uiam, & contrà à pluuia ad nubem, in qua videtur ineſſe genus illud neceſsitatis quod appellamus <lb></lb>ſimpliciter: at in poſteriore ſolùm neceſsitas eſt aliquo modo, vt ſi debet exoriri Socrates: oportuit <lb></lb>prius eſſe Sophroniſcum, non autem contrà. </s> <s>Scire igitur licet ea quæ remeant, aut eadem eſſe ad nu<lb></lb>merum, aut ſpeciem: redeunt eadem ad numerum quæ perpetua ſunt; vt idem Sol ad idem <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> <lb></lb>redit, vnde olim diſceſſerat, ſed reliqua redeunt eadem ad ſpeciem: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prorſus eadem eſt plu<lb></lb>uia ex qua facta nubes eſt, & in quam eadem nubes eſt conuerſa; niſi ad ſpeciem ſolùm, quod enim <lb></lb>corruptum eſt ſemel; non amplius reuertitur, ſed ad ſpeciem idem neceſſariò, vt ex homine ſemen, <lb></lb>è ſemine rurſus homo, ita ex homine ad ſemen, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iterum à ſemine ad hominem fit reditus ille qui <lb></lb>circulum imitatur: etenim illud nonmodò in ortu elementorum perſpicitur, ſed eorum etiam quę <pb pagenum="625"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3697"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex ipſis conflata ſunt; quò fit, vt vniuerſi fabrica tam variata & exornata ſit reb. omnib. quas è ſuo ſi<lb></lb>nu copiosè natura poteſt efferre. </s> <s>Habet ergo continuata generatio ſuos progreſſus ſecundùm circu<lb></lb>lum qui conuerſionem cęli imitatur, hic autem verè continuus eſt, & perpetuus, eiſdem redeuntib. <lb></lb></s> <s>non ad numerum quidem, ſed ſpeciem duntaxat, niſi forte per accidens eueniat aliud, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum in iis quæ gignuntur ex putri, ſed hæc, cùm rarò fiant, in methodo naturali negligenda ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnde conſtat fatum eſſe ordinem inter ſpecies qui tamen extat tum, dum indiuidua propagantur in <lb></lb>quib. ſolùm neceſsitas eſt ex hypotheſi, hoc eſt à poſteriore ad prius.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3691"></margin.target>b 1. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>animal.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3692"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3693"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3694"></margin.target>a <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3695"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3696"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3697"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reliqua argumenta diluuntur, quibus oſtendebatur fatum & contingens non <lb></lb>congruere. </s> <s>Caput LV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX his quæ poſtremo loco attulimus, optimè diluitur argumentum illud aduerſariorum: fal<lb></lb>ſum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod aſſumitur, quippe cauſſam antecedentem neceſſariò conſequentem <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> <lb></lb>reſpicere: Deum verò cuncta neceſſariò prænoſſe; quanuis antecedens hoc ſit veritatis infallibilis: at<lb></lb>tamen neque etiam apud Theologos vllam neceſsitatem ſequelæ præſefert: quoniam; tametſi præ<lb></lb>noſcit, permittit, vt agantur pro ratione ſuæ naturæ: inde effici, vt interdum ſeſe viciſsim <expan abbr="impediãt">impediant</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3698"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>videt etiam impedimenta <expan abbr="ſingulorumq́">ſingulorumque</expan>. </s> <s>prænouit ſucceſſus, etiam ſi contingentes ſint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> impedi<lb></lb>ri poſsint. </s> <s>Verùm quòd hîc longè aliam perſonam ſuſtinemus, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>quam ſenſus ope ſcientiam <lb></lb>paramus, in præſentia defendere volumus, non bene concedimus à Deo cognoſci ſingularia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>ipſorum cognitio pertinet ſolùm ad facultatem ſentientem. </s> <s>Alij dicunt vniuersè Deum cognoſcere; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>illius cognitioni fatum & contingentiam non repugnare; quippe quæ in ſingularib. tantum<lb></lb>modò verſentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item hoc placet: vniuerſale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita fit, quia ſeiungitur auxilio mentis à mate<lb></lb>ria ſenſili, hęc autem ſeparatio non fit, niſi ſit imago rei ſenſilis in phantaſia recepta per ſenſum, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>ſanè naturæ diuinæ mirum in modum aduerſatur. </s> <s>Nonnulli hæc eum virtute cognoſcere dicunt, <lb></lb>quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>in ipſo ſunt, à quo omnis eſſentia pendet, cum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Deus omnis eſſentię largitor ſit eſſen<lb></lb>tiam ſuam perſpiciens, aliorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cognoſcit eſſentiam. </s> <s>Sed id fortaſſe concedendum foret ſi in <lb></lb>Deo cuncta formaliter, vt aiunt, ineſſent. </s> <s>At ea ſunt, vt docebimus aliàs, vt ab ipſo, ſeu potius ipſius <lb></lb>gratia, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt in ipſo, nec ea ratione cognoſceret qua res eſt obnoxia fato, quandò & ſingulare, <lb></lb>& dum fit, fato ſubiicitur. </s> <s>Non poſſum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in Peripatetica ſchola probare, Deum cognoſcere vtran<lb></lb>que partem contingentis, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> præſentem & neceſſariam; quia ſic fieret, vt eodem momento tempo<lb></lb>ris contradicentia ſimul ſpecularetur, cognoſcit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt in eodem puncto me ambulaturum, ſed in eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3699"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nouit me non ambulaturum, ergo ſimul & me ambulaturum, & non ambulaturum co<lb></lb>gnoſcit. </s> <s>Finge tu nunc hæc tranſire in preſens, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verum dicere quòd erit, oportet hoc eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3700"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> vtrum quòd eſt. </s> <s>cognoſcit igitur vnà me ambulantem, & non ambulantem, ſic contradi<lb></lb>centiam indiuidua cognitio, quod fieri nequit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi in hac ſchola proteruias & formas <foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστά<lb></lb>τους</foreign> in ſeparatis à materia ponere velis; at id quod ex eiuſmodi ratione ſignificatur, nempè id quod <lb></lb>mihi diuiduè, <expan abbr="temporibusq́">temporibusque</expan>. </s> <s>partitis ſuccedet; <expan abbr="oſtẽdet">oſtendet</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, talem cognitionem pendêre ex tempore de<lb></lb>finito, & vt nunc eſt; aliqua ex parte falſa eſt; cùm ex eo ſit apta veritas, quòd res ſit, falſitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quòd <lb></lb>non ita ſit: atqui nunc ambulo: verum igitur me ambulare, non ambulare falſum: quin hoc ita ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium, vt tametſi dum ambulo, ſit neceſſe me ambulare; tamen id <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> contingentia <expan abbr="complectat̃">complectatur</expan>, <lb></lb>ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliqua contradicentium pars in contingentib. eſt vera; & ea ſequentur, quæ philoſophi iis <lb></lb>opponere conſuerunt qui voluntatem Deo ſempiternam tribuunt ad mundi creationem quæ à cer<lb></lb>to quodam temporis initio futura ſit. </s> <s>Illud ab Ariſt. </s> <s>pronuntiatum ſcimus ſeipſum cognoſcere tan<lb></lb>tùm. </s> <s>Aut ergo Deus hæc non cognoſcit: aut non eo modo quo ad mittunt contingentiam, quæ ver<lb></lb>ſatur in ſingularib. quatenus commutari poſſunt: qua re nihil ad contingentiam. </s> <s>Sed illud planè <lb></lb>motori diuino Peripatetici tribuunt, quae ſimul operetur, & adiuuet opera naturæ ſingula ſuæ propen<lb></lb>ſioni dimittens. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> de hac re poſteà copioſius; ſed hæc breuiter hoc loco demonſtranda fuerant. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3701"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ad argumentum verò quod ab arte vaticinandi ducebatur; hæc dicebat Plotinus: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit <lb></lb>ea pronuntiat id quod erit neceſſariò, ſed potius id quod futurum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod hoc modo ſequi <lb></lb>deberet, niſi quippiam obſtaret, ſed obſtat ſæpe voluntas; obſtat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materia non obediens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="fatũ">fatum</expan> <lb></lb>vincit omnino materiam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> noſtram voluntatem, quin & noſtra voluntas aliquid poteſt in <expan abbr="fatũ">fatum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem præclarè Zoroaſter <foreign lang="grc">σύγε ἄυξανε τὴν εἱμαρμένην</foreign>, hoc eſt, auge fatum, à quo item <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>abhorret illud, aſtris ſapientem fore dominaturm. </s> <s>Quę verò è monumentis Stoicorum attulit Ale<lb></lb>xander à natura nimirùm, conſtitutione <expan abbr="perpetuoq́">perpetuoque</expan>. </s> <s>ordine mundi, à Plotino aptiſsimè <expan abbr="diſſoluũtur">diſſoluuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>quae in illo ordine ſunt item res quæ ſunt cauſſa priuationis, & eius quod non eſt, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> omnis infini<lb></lb>tas, & contingentia proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Cùm opponunt etiam ſecundas cauſſas ita mouere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>mouentur à prima; primam verò neceſſariò mouere, ita dicimus eas moueri quidem ab illa, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> iuxta <lb></lb>ſuum <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> captum: ſic ea quæ materia conſtant, propter materiam quæ poteſtate continet repu<lb></lb>gnantia; ſunt obnoxia contingentiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> nob. </s> <s>officit Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> cauſſam reddentis, cur mun<lb></lb>dus inferior ſuperiori ſit contiguus, ea verò fuit, vt omnis virtus inde gubernaretur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita guber<lb></lb>natur, vt virtus ipſa naturalis ſaluetur; ſed tamen ob ea quæ propter conſeruationem naturalis vir <pb pagenum="626"></pb>tutis efficiuntur, & ordinata ſunt ad conſtitutionem naturalem, accidit vt aliquid præter ordinem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3702"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fiat; quando ad eorum tutelam <expan abbr="cõtrarijs">contrarijs</expan> & materia opus eſt, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> ducitur error & ataxia. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3703"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Proinde <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> ipſe naturam ex ſocietate materiæ <foreign lang="grc">φύσιν ἀτακτοτέραν</foreign> appellauit. </s> <s>Nec illa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quæ de certis rerum periodis contradicuntur, ſunt extra omnem aleam <foreign lang="grc">ἀταξίας</foreign>. </s> <s>Rerum <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> na<lb></lb>tura latiſsimè vagatur; nec terminis anguſtiorib. ſe coërceri patitur. </s> <s>Illa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quæ ſigillatim à ſingulis <lb></lb>ſectis afferuntur, ex his quæ poſita ſunt, facillimè corruunt. </s> <s>Nunc quod ad conſtabiliendum Demo<lb></lb>criti placitum prolatum fuit, nempè quae res ſenſiles conſtent è materia quæ cauſſa eſt omnis ataxias; <lb></lb>ita tollitur, quia materia non ſic ordini repugnat per ſe, quoniam tendat huc ſolùm, quin primò ten<lb></lb>dit ad formam, à qua omnis ordo deſcendit, ſed ordinis carentia ſuæ ipſius naturæ comitatur: pro<lb></lb>ptereà quae expers ſit omnis formæ per ſe, & habeat ad contraria propenſionem: ſic ex euento vacui<lb></lb>tas ordinis à materia proficiſcitur; ex euento tamen, quod ipſi perpetuò ſit affixum: ſiquidem facul<lb></lb>tas omnis, cùm ſit ad bonum & malum; per ſe ad bonum eſt, ad malum verò per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. </s> <s>ex quo mi<lb></lb>rum tibi videri non debet id quod per accidens eſt, intrinſecùs eſſe poſſe, quanquàm non ab eo ſepa<lb></lb>ratum, quod eſt per ſe: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> habilitas materia ſola fundatur, quæ infinitas quædam eſt, tametſi actus <lb></lb>ab alieno eſt; & ita ſe habet, vt conuerſio quæ licèt à Deo ſit, eſt tamen intrinſecùs cęlo quia ſolùm <lb></lb>in ipſo exiſtit habilitas ad eiuſmodi motum. </s> <s>Vbi verò ſecunda ſecta nos oppugnare conatur ab iis, <lb></lb>quæ pronunciauit Ariſt. </s> <s>de ordine exercitus & imperatore, nil in medium affert quod arguat neceſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3704"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſitatem: ſingula <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouentur ad imitandum illud bonum pro ſuæ naturæ ordine: quocirca res quę <lb></lb>materia conſtant, varios euentus habent, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> formæ repugnante materia. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> omnia mo<lb></lb>uentur à cęlo vel proximè vel remotè, non tamen extra ſuæ naturæ aleam aguntur; ex quo in ipſa <lb></lb>redundet error & caſus. </s> <s>Quantum verò poſſent Aſtrologorum prædictiones ex Plotino dictum eſt <lb></lb>ſatis. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> caſum deorum ſecuritas inculcat, quia non conſulit cognoſcendo Deus, ſed concitat p <lb></lb>eſſentiam, & inde pullulat ordo qui ſimpliciter eſt in æternis, in caducis autem cum perturbatione <lb></lb>quadam copulatus. </s> <s>Ita fit vt tandem eò redeam, vnde digreſſus ſum, vt fatales ſint generationes, ne<lb></lb>que tamen perpetua neceſsitate deuinctæ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3698"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3699"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3700"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge. <lb></lb>T. 64.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3701"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3702"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3703"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3704"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur definitio monſtri. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVEMADMODVM in eo mundo qui intra cæli complexum continetur, ſunt generatio<lb></lb>nes fatales quas eaſdem eſſe cum ipſis naturalib. antea docui, ſic etiam ſunt præter fatum, at<lb></lb>que præter naturam, idcirco & ad eandem methodum de his agere pertinebit, ea verò monſtrorum <lb></lb>potiſsimum eſſe cenſetur: de monſtris igitur hoc loco non erit inutile diſputare, & exponere quid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3705"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ſenſerit de natura monſtrorum de qua ipſe & communiter in Phyſicis, & ſpeciatim in libris <lb></lb>de animalib. verba fecerit. </s> <s>Cęterùm vt res planior fiat; explicemus in primis quid ſibi velit hæc vox <lb></lb>monſtrum. </s> <s>Videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> apud Latinos idem ſingnificare àc vox illa <foreign lang="grc">τέρας</foreign> apud Græcos <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ apud ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3706"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſos idem valet àc <foreign lang="grc">θαῦμα</foreign>. </s> <s>Latini miraculum vocant; vnde etiam <foreign lang="grc">τέρατοργοὶ</foreign> ſunt iidem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">θαυ<lb></lb>ματοποιόι</foreign> eſt verò miraculum, quando quippiam fit in natura, cuius ſanè cauſſa ignoretur; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vnde <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3707"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>efficit in animo deſiderium inquiſitionis, quod initium philoſophandi fuit. </s> <s>quocirca teſtatus eſt Pla<lb></lb>to <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> maximè proprium eſſe philoſophi eiuſmodi affectum, & à poëtis illud decantatum. </s> <s>Irin Thau<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3708"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mantis filiam. </s> <s>quod ego ſic interpretor, gyrum rationis quo mens ipſa modò ab effectis procedit ad <lb></lb>cauſſas, mox à cauſsis regreditur ad effectus qui ex admiratione totus exortus eſt, vnde & auctore <lb></lb>Pythagora admiratio cogitatione leuata, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnino ſublata; nec quiquam eſt in ſtudijs humanis, <lb></lb>aut in hac exigua vitæ breuitate, quod magnum ſapienti, cui <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> æternitas, <expan abbr="totiusq́">totiusque</expan>. </s> <s>mundi magnitu<lb></lb>do perſpecta ſit, videri poſsit: animo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic excubat, vt nihil accidat illi improuiſum, nihil nouum. <lb></lb></s> <s>& quoniam inualuit ſuperſtitio in mentib. vulgi, vt monſtra mittantur à diis ad nos præmonendos <lb></lb>de negotiis, & rerum ſucceſsib. præſertim terribilib. cùm apud Græcos, tùm etiam apud Latinos <expan abbr="mõ-ſtra">mon<lb></lb>ſtra</expan> idem valent. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> prodigia: ex quo <foreign lang="grc">τερατοσκύπους</foreign> ipſi vocant, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> iniunctum eſt munus inter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3709"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pretandi & expiandi monſtra: ſed nos illorum cauſſas nunc tractabimus, vt ſunt in natura miracu<lb></lb>lum quoddam, & pręter ipſius ordinem; ſiue hęc ſint in humana ſpecie, ſiue alterius animalis; ſiue <lb></lb>etiam in plantis: <expan abbr="nanq;">nanque</expan> & ſua monſtra plantas habere credendum eſt, & inanima prętereà; <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan> adeò <lb></lb>elementa: quare præter ſolitum magna vis pluuię monſtrum appellatum eſt ab Horatio. </s> <s>Hęc ſanè <lb></lb>quòd ſint, dubitandum non eſt; ac ſiquid dubitationem preſefert, illud eſt, an'ne ſint quędam mon<lb></lb>ſtrorum ſpecies, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> agitur paſsim, cùm apud Poëtas, tum apud Plinium, & Solinum, quae cùm <lb></lb>ad generalem monſtri contemplationem, quæ nob. </s> <s>hîc proponitur, non conducat, hilari fronte relin<lb></lb>quetur. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc ipſum monſtrum generali quadam ratione nob. </s> <s>expoſuit dicens eſſe vitium na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3710"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turæ, quemadmodum vitia quæ in arte eueniunt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> præter ſcopum artificis aliud quid ſuccedit, <lb></lb>vtputa, ſi malè ſcribam, tametſi bonus ſcriptor ſim, quòd aut charta bibat, aut atramentum aqueum <lb></lb>ſit, aut calamus mollior: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plura in hac generali inſtitutione traduntur; ſed eiuſmodi tamen, vt <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>viam recludant ad colligendam communem monſtri definitionem, methodum Ariſtotelicam <lb></lb>obſeruantib. Eorum igitur quæ fiunt, quædam neceſſaria ſunt, quædam aliter ſe habere contingit. <lb></lb></s> <s>rurſus eorum quæ aliter ſe habere poſſunt, aliqua fiunt cuiuſpiam rei gratia, quædam nullius, & ex <pb pagenum="627"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3711"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>his nonnulla fiunt à nob. </s> <s>alia fiunt à natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item quædam plurimum, aliqua non plurimum, <lb></lb>ſed aut incerto euentu, aut rarò. </s> <s>Stante hac rerum partitione quam vſurpauit Ariſtoteles, facilè ad<lb></lb>modùm fuerit reſoluere monſtrum in ſuas differentias; primùm verò accipiamus monſtrum eſſe ex <lb></lb>his quæ pertinent ad contingentia, excludi autem neceſſariis: quæ enim huiuſmodi ſunt, aut perpe<lb></lb>tuò manent, aut certas habent periodos: ideò nemo appellauerit monſtrum, aut ortum aſtri cuiuſ<lb></lb>dam, aut eclipſin Solis, aut Lunæ: quòd hæc neceſſariò fiunt, licet perpetua non ſint, & pręter hanc <lb></lb>naturam nihil fit. </s> <s>Prætereà cùm ea quæ fieri contingit, ſint à natura, vel à nob. </s> <s>non dubium eſt, quin <lb></lb>monſtra ſint in iis quæ fiunt à natura: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à nob. </s> <s>fieri monſtra dicendum eſt, aut ſaltem ſine inter<lb></lb>uentu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> affectione, & perturbatione naturæ, vt ſi fortaſſe mulier in abortum nitatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſum <lb></lb>aſſequi valens vi formatrice labefactata gibbum aut curtum pariat; aut catulum ob admirabilem <lb></lb>paruitatem futurum delitias, includat in <expan abbr="caueã">caueam</expan>, quod Melitæis olim fieri teſtatur Ariſtoteles: ſed ea <lb></lb>quæ fiunt à natura, aut plurimum fiunt, aut rarò; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc quidem vel ordine certo, vel cum pertur<lb></lb>batione ordinis, monſtrum ita fieri videtur, vt ſine vllo naturæ ordine gignatur, & rarò fiat. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>ex his quæ rarò fiunt, nonnulla ſunt omnino per accidens: ita vt dum ipſum efficiens, & natura <expan abbr="de-niq.">de<lb></lb>nique</expan> operatur, gratia quidem vnius certi finis operetur, aliud autem ipſi ſuccedat, cuius gratia non <lb></lb>agebat, tale verò <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> omnes caſum eſſe concedunt. </s> <s>Hîc autem ſatis eſſe perſpicio Ariſtotelis inter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3712"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pretib. ſi ad ea quæ ſunt caſu referant monſtra; quare & ſine lite ſubſcribunt ea eſſe in his quæ fiunt <lb></lb>alicuius rei gratia, ipſa tamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ab efficiente, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à natura expetuntur, quanquam de hoc extat <lb></lb>controuerſia, licet non admodùm ab ea diuerſa quæ de caſu & fortuna facta eſt, vtrum ſcilicet id <lb></lb>quod caſu fit, ſit per accidens prorſus, an'ne ad quampiam cauſſam, ſiue communem, ſeu <expan abbr="ſingularẽ">ſingularem</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe ſe habeat, & ordinatum ſit. </s> <s>Sed id mihi falsò, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> pręcisè dictum videtur, vt mox intelligemus <lb></lb>quandoquidem monſtrum fit à natura: aut ergo ſecundùm naturam; aut pręter naturam; & quo<lb></lb>niam quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, aut eſt ſecundùm naturam formę, & idcirco materię, vel ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam materię ſolius; ac præter naturam formę ſolius, vel vt <expan abbr="riuſq.">riuſque</expan> quod eſt caſu per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <lb></lb>ſanè eſt ipſi naturæ; nec ſecundùm, nec præter naturam: at monſtrum videtur eſſe præter naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>quae ſi quo modo caſus eſt præter naturam; ita eſt; quoniam eſt præter naturę conſilium: veruntamen, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in hoc caſu cum monſtro conueniat: quandò hoc ſimpliciter eſt præter naturam, quia na<lb></lb>turæ ordinem peruertit. </s> <s>Nam præter naturam dicitur ſaxum moueri ſurſum, dum proiicitur à nob. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="dumq́">dumque</expan>. </s> <s>à vento agitatur: quia item ex calfacta tumet, & ſurſum tollitur; ac moritur animal iugula<lb></lb>tum præter naturam, & peruertitur embryo membrum in vtero; quorum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> certè maximum di<lb></lb>ſcrimen eſt; nam <expan abbr="q̃dm">quadam</expan> ſaxum eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad alteram <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> propendet, aſcenſus illi eſt præter naturam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3713"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter .i. </s> <s>contra naturam; quia non eſt ille motus ipſi formæ conueniens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illò vergit mate<lb></lb>ria; proptereà quae non niſi per leuitatem illò inclinaret, quam <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> à proiiciente non eſt aſſecuta, vnde <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi ſexcenties ipſum in aërem protruſeris, in fine <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> deſcendet ſecundùm naturam, vt prius. </s> <s>quare <lb></lb>motus ille ſimpliciter violens eſt: & omnib. modis extrinſecus accedit. </s> <s>& aqua excalfacta, licet ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam agatur deorſum, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> quia per calorem alium impetum eius materia contraxit, atque <lb></lb>aſcendendi appetitus illi incuſſus eſt; mouetur præter naturam quidem, ſed non ſimpliciter, verùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="pp">propter</expan> veterem formam, cùm cætero qui, ſi motus ille ad materiam & nouam formam refertur; mouea<lb></lb>tur ſecundùm naturam; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi mors ex ſenecture contingens corrumpat formam præſentem, <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>, <lb></lb>eſt ſecundùm naturam materiæ, quia per ipſam ordinatur ad nouam formam. </s> <s>Eſt & præter natu<lb></lb>ram, hoc eſt præter conſilium naturæ, vbi agit quidem natura; & ſpontè mouetur; quare non eſt <lb></lb>prorſus extenum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc habet quidem multa capita, quæ ſic colligere licebit. </s> <s>Quoniam aut natu<lb></lb>ra conſequitur id quod vult, aut non conſequitur: rurſus ſi conſequitur id quod vult, aut illud ſim<lb></lb>pliciter obtinet, aut præter id quod vult, aliud aliquid, quod non vult. </s> <s>Quòd ſi non conſequitur, aut <lb></lb>eo caret ſimpliciter; aut pro eo conſequitur aliud quippiam, quod nollet. </s> <s>Prætereà nolle aut eſt ne<lb></lb>gligere, nec operari quicquam, vt aſſequatur ipſum; aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> repudiare. </s> <s>Vbi natura ſimpliciter conſe<lb></lb>quatur id quod vult, eſt natura ipſa, & functio numeris omnib. abſoluta. </s> <s>Vbi autem non venit eò, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3714"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo volebat, dicitur fruſtra, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc nihil ad rem noſtram. </s> <s>ad alia tranſeamus. </s> <s>Si dum agit natura, <lb></lb>& finem exoptatum aſſecuta eſt, ſimul etiam quiddam non cupitum ſuccedat, id exiſtimo caſum: at <lb></lb>ſi non conſequitur id quod vult, ſed pro eo quippiam aliud, quod ipſa nollet, & repudiaret; hoc ego <lb></lb>perhibeo monſtrum Cùm igitur in his ſponte natura moueatur; differunt ab eo quod eſt priore mo<lb></lb>do præter naturam; ſed tamen differunt à monſtro; quae inhærent in eo quod eſt ſecundùm naturam; <lb></lb>ſed negligitur à natura: monſtrum <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> refutatur, <expan abbr="indeq.">indeque</expan> eſt, vt vitalia monſtra non ſint, quemad<lb></lb>modum ea quæ ſunt ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Quapropter ab iis quæ ſunt natura, differt monſtrum; <lb></lb>quia natura finem conſequitur in naturalibus in monſtris autem non peruenit ad finem; ab iis quæ <lb></lb>fruſtra ſunt; quòd ibi natura nihil aſſequitur, hîc aliud <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſa velit; à caſu, quia natura conſequi<lb></lb>tur ibi quod vult, & aliud quod negligebat: hîc non conſequitur id quod vult, ſed aliud quod repu<lb></lb>diabat: ab iis quæ præter naturam formæ, aut materiæ: quoniam ſit præter <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> naturam: ab iis <lb></lb>verò quæ præter <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> naturam ſunt, quoniam ea non fiunt à natura, ſed ab alieno: hoc autem fit <lb></lb>à natura, ſed illa quidem peccante.</s></p> <pb pagenum="628"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3705"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3706"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>4. de Gen. <lb></lb>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3707"></margin.target>c Q Mech.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3708"></margin.target>d Theęte<lb></lb>to</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3709"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3710"></margin.target>e 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 85.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3711"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3712"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3713"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3714"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum'ne materia an efficiens ſint monſtri cauſſæ. </s> <s>Caput LVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3715"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3715"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ea quę à nob. </s> <s>aſſumpta ſunt, <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩum">hominum</expan> opinioni repugnant; hauſta ſunt <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>ex ipſomet Ariſt. </s> <s>cuius placita nunc tuemur, locum quendam hîc nob. </s> <s>animaduertendum eſ<lb></lb>ſe duximus, <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> noſtra deprompta eſt. </s> <s>locus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ille eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> “Monſtroſum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> res præter naturam, <arrow.to.target n="marg3716"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed præter <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ magna ex parte ſit: nam præter eam quæ ſemper, & neceſſariò eſt, nihil fit: <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <lb></lb>in reb. iis quæ magna quidem ex parte ita fiunt, ſed aliter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fieri poſſunt, euenit quod præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>conſiſtat. </s> <s>nam & inter eas ipſas <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> accidit quidem pręter hunc ordinem, ſed <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> quolibet modo, <lb></lb>(<foreign lang="grc">ἀεί μὲν μὴ τυχόντως</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſemper <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non quolibet modo, quod <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> valet àc ſi eiuſmodi ſit, vt certum <lb></lb>habeat euentum) minus monſtrum eſſe <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> quae præter naturam ſit, idem <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> naturam quo<lb></lb>dammodo eſt, cùm materiæ naturam natura formæ non ſuperat. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃obrem">quamobrem</expan> nec ea monſtri <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> appel<lb></lb>lantur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vbi fieri aliquid ſolet, vt in fructib. Vitis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quædam eſt quam aliqui capneum vocant, <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <lb></lb>cum vuam albam ſoleat ferre; ſi <expan abbr="nigrã">nigram</expan> tulit, monſtrum id eſſe non putant; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſæpiſsimè id facere <lb></lb>ea ſoleat: cauſſa eſt, quae ſua natura inter albam & nigram eſt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non longè diſceditur, nec præter <lb></lb>naturam ferè; non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in aliam naturam tranſitur.” Semper <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non quolibet, ſed eodem modo, nanque <lb></lb>id ſi mutatur, & ſuccedit præter naturæ ordinem, hoc eſt formæ; ſic <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, vt definitum quid ſuccedat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3717"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc monſtrum non eſt: tum igitur eſt monſtrum, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> non obtinet forma, nec exitus vllus certus eſt <lb></lb>materia dominante. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> teſtatus eſt Theophraſtus, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm inquit, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi ſit præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3718"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>piam; quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ita euenire conſueuit, non dum eſt præter naturam; ita ordinis perturbatio proficiſci<lb></lb>tur forma non dominante materiæ, vnde ſoluuntur, motus qui fiunt ab ipſa, qui <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, ſi certum <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> <lb></lb>habent; eſt à natura materiæ; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ob id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> effectus naturalis eſt, ſi incertum: omnino præter naturam <lb></lb>tale igitur monſtrum eſt. </s> <s>Ita monſtrum quodammodo fruſtra eſt, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt illud quod agitur à ma<lb></lb>teria, & forma, ex alterutrius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> appetitu non ſucceſsit, immò, vt anteà ſignificauimus, contra <expan abbr="vtri-uſq.">vtri<lb></lb>uſque</expan> appetitum. </s> <s>At verò cùm monſtrum exiſtat, vbi efficiens fine ſuo non potiatur; aggrediatur qui<lb></lb>dem opus, ſed fine ſuo fruſtretur obſtante impedimento, vel ab actuoſo principio, vel patibili vel <lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> quæſitum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illud eſt, quæ'nam ſit cauſſa quæ naturam prohibeat, quominus ſuum finem <lb></lb>conſequatur, efficiens'ne ipſum an materia, & diſcrimen aliquod eſt, & extat repugnantia inter uer<lb></lb>ba Ariſtotelis; & diiudicare difficile eſt: ille <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qui ſtatuit efficiens ſemper agere pro ſumma faculta<lb></lb>te, & ſemper gratia finis, & per ſe facere quale ipſum eſt, aut actu, aut virtute, quae ſi non efficiat, ab <lb></lb>alio prohiberi, ac prætereà videt Ariſtotelem aſsiduè fateri materiam eſſe omnis mali cauſſam pro<lb></lb>pter potentiam & aduerſitatem, à qua exoritur renitentia & pugna, ac victoria præter agentis <lb></lb>conſilium, vitium omne materiæ libenter attribuet. </s> <s>Adſtipulatur, & his Ariſtoteles accuſans De<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3719"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mocritum qui monſtrorum cauſſam in ſeminum miſcellam retulerit, & inquiens. </s> <s>“Sed enim ex <lb></lb>toto potius cauſſam in materiam <expan abbr="conſtituendisq́ue">conſtituendisque</expan> conceptibus eſſe cenſendum eſt, & paullò infra, <lb></lb>vbi quæſitum eſt, vtrùm apes monſtra gignant, nec'ne, ita concludens.” Vnde apertum eſt, cauſſam <lb></lb>euentorum huiuſmodi in materia eſſe putare oportere: Verùm contrà ipſe Ariſtoteles tribuit cauſ<lb></lb>ſam monſtrorum ſemini, cum inquit; “Quod ſi deſit, vel accedit, rem quæ ſit, aut deteriorem aut lę<lb></lb>ſam efficit, aut mancam:” Quin etiam è corruptione ſeminis, quod item efficiens eſt, monſtrum <lb></lb>exoriri autumat ipſe Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Rurſus cur fiunt monſtroſæ generationes, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut à ſenſibus aut ab <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3720"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adoleſcentibus, niſi quia parum calore polleant? </s> <s>Idem quoque teſtatus eſt 10. ſect. </s> <s>prob. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Prætereà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3721"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quis neget ambiens & locum in efficientibus numerari, & tamen etiam hiſce cauſsis monſtra adſcri<lb></lb>bi? </s> <s>Ergo etiam efficiens videtur eſſe cauſſa talis erroris; præterquàm quòd efficiens debet certa pro<lb></lb>portione ſuperare materiam, qua ſi careat, quantumuis materia ad accipiendam formam ſatis com<lb></lb>modi parata ſit; non producitur tamen effectus. </s> <s>Reſpondebat ad hæc Albertus vtranque monſtro<lb></lb>rum eſſe cauſſam: verùm ſi ſecum vtraque conferatur, potiorem cauſſam illorum eſſe materiam, <lb></lb>quàm formam, ſeu efficiens. </s> <s>At cùm quiſque effectus ex efficientis & patientis habitudine pendeat, <lb></lb>cenſeo quoque proximam monſtri cauſſam ex hac habitudine proficiſci, ſed materiæ potiſsimè ad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3722"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcribendam eſſe: efficienti verò per accidens; quippe quae impotentia materiæ redundet in efficiens; ne<lb></lb>que enim mihi efficiens erroris cauſſa videtur per ſe; nanque ab ipſo traditur impetus materiæ ſine <lb></lb>vllo errore; cùm ſit certum & vniforme agens, & agat quantum poteſt: materia per ſe eſt omnis er<lb></lb>roris cauſſa <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>ſuas conditiones, infinitatem videlicet, & habilitatem ad formas contrarias. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> <lb></lb>corrumpit habitudinem conuenientem; & cùm agens non ſit liberum à materia & contrarijs, inde <lb></lb>effici, vt pro ſua facultate nequeat operari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtant ea quæ obiiciuntur è problematis; <expan abbr="qñqui-dem">quandoqui<lb></lb>dem</expan> id quod adſcribitur ambienti & anguſtijs vteri, ad materiam perbellè referri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> pertinet <lb></lb>ad fęminam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in conſtitutione fętus obtinet locum materiæ. </s> <s>Quod ſiquis ſuſpectam habeat <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> re<lb></lb>ſponſionem <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>illa, quæ affert Ariſt. in prob. vbi caueæ cauſſa monſtri ponuntur, quę certè ſunt è ge<lb></lb>nere efficientium, hîc dicemus item à materia pendêre <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> vitium, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ea tanta ſit, vt à loco capi <lb></lb>non poſsit, manet locus, <expan abbr="ſuamq́">ſuamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> conſeruat adamuſsim. </s> <s>id mutatur & peruertitur <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> à loco <lb></lb><expan abbr="capiendũ">capiendum</expan> eſt; ſigno illud erit, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi catulus in cauea <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> excreſceret, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="monſtrũ">monſtrum</expan> à loco efficeretur: eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> paruitas in cauea <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan> materię, ſigno illud <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, quia cauea, non quatenus cauea; ſed quatenus <lb></lb>parua corrumpit, ac ſi iuſta foret, non <expan abbr="corrũperet">corrumperet</expan>. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan> de putredine ſeminis, aut ſemen <pb pagenum="629"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3723"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="intelligit̃">intelligitur</expan> id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex menſtruo <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> eſt; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="refert̃">refertur</expan> ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, aut ita <expan abbr="dicẽdũ">dicendum</expan>; ea verba ex De<lb></lb>mocriti <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> fuiſſe prolata, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſtat ex his <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> philoſopho, <expan abbr="libroq́">libroque</expan>. </s> <s>eodem accuratè di<lb></lb>ſputata ſunt, vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſubſcripſit aliam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, nempè <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> quem vniuerſum materiæ tribuimus, vt <lb></lb>ſuprà dictum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> quid eſt, quae vereamur referre <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ad materiam, cùm ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ad id cauſſę <lb></lb>genus relatum fuerit 4. Phyſ. ſi <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> locus eſt cauſſa: habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quae ſuſcipiat, vt materia? </s> <s>Quis etiam <lb></lb>negare poteſt <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ſi cum qualitatibus alteratricibus <expan abbr="ſpectet̃">ſpectetur</expan>, aut oppugnare vim efficientis, & ita <lb></lb>reſiſtendo <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> adiuuare, aut cum efficiente operari: quare <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> non mali, ſed boni cauſſa fuerit? <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi verò opponas incongruam proportionem efficientis ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; etiam hoc ego vniuerſum per ſe <lb></lb>materiæ <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> referri oportere dicam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> materia illa eſt quæ debet ordinari ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & effi<lb></lb>cienti ſeruire ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſecundùm quam imperfectius perfectiori miniſtrat. </s> <s>Ita etiam cùm <lb></lb>ab adoleſcente, aut ſane <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> gigni monſtra dicimus, quod <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> intueri ſolùm ipſum efficiens, <lb></lb>reſpondemus eius ſeminis <expan abbr="imbecillitatẽ">imbecillitatem</expan> à cruditate proficiſci; hoc verò iam eſt ipſius materię <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan>, <lb></lb>cui non minus obſtare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ſua ipſius, & interna materia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> externa, & eius quod patitur: ſic, vt huic <lb></lb>malo caput ſit materia. </s> <s>Interna materia cęlo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aduerſatur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> propter hoc <expan abbr="monſtrorũ">monſtrorum</expan>, <expan abbr="caſusq́">caſusque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>culpa in ipſum <expan abbr="cõferenda">conferenda</expan> non eſt: atqui quòd propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> varietur eius habitudo, & efficacitas; <lb></lb>vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fiat aliquid <expan abbr="inordinatũ">inordinatum</expan>, atque monſtro ſum, quis audeat negare? </s> <s>vt ſi ex nimio flatu <expan abbr="notorũ">notorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3724"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>magnus æſtus hyeme contingat, & ex eteſiarum impetu ſub cane intolerabile frigus oriatur, neque <lb></lb>enim perpetuò materia motibus obtemperat cęli; vnde <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> aſtrologorum præſagia parum firma eſ<lb></lb>ſe ſolent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> laudatus eſt Cretenſis Epimenides ab Ariſt. </s> <s>quòd vatem ſe præteritorum, quanuis eſ<lb></lb>ſent obſcura, profiteretur; <expan abbr="futurorũ">futurorum</expan> verò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>. </s> <s>Nam cùm pręterita neceſſaria ſint, futura aliter <lb></lb>ſe habere queant, illa quidem verò enunciari, hęc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in diuinationem cadere non poſſunt. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>augures irridebat qui futura præſagire ſtuderent. </s> <s>Ex quo item <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> reddidit Ariſt. </s> <s>cur difficilius <lb></lb>eſſet in deliberatiuo genere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> iudiciali verſari. </s> <s>Et quanuis motus cęli ſit ordinatus, nec <expan abbr="ṽquam">vnquam</expan> in<lb></lb>termitti poſsit; vnde exiſtimandum ſit cęlum eſſe <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> vniforme, & ordinatiſsimum; at hoc quidem <lb></lb>quantum ad ſe ipſum eſt; ita ſe habet, ſed exitum reſpice; cùm ſit officium <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> agentis & ma<lb></lb>teriæ; inde eſt, vt amittatur ordo, & res inſtituta non perducatur ad finem. </s> <s>Poſſem hîc ego hanc <expan abbr="ſen-tentiã">ſen<lb></lb>tentiam</expan> corroborare dicto Ariſt. </s> <s>de 2. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi monſtra <expan abbr="diſtinguunt̃">diſtinguuntur</expan> à caſu, quae eorum quæ caſu <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3725"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſa externa eſt, interna verò monſtrorum. </s> <s>Cùm verò ex forma non naſcatur malum; efficiens <lb></lb>ſit cauſſa externa; reſtat, vt materia ſit prima cauſſa monſtri. </s> <s>Sed cùm Piccolhomineus in eum lo<lb></lb>cum primus oſtenderit, in eo tractando longior eſſe non debeo. </s> <s>Cùm igitur, & ſua ipſius efficien<lb></lb>tis materies, & aliena, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubiecti, ſint erroris huiuſce cauſſa, & in efficientibus ordinatis, vt cęlum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3726"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vitia <expan abbr="naſcãtur">naſcantur</expan> ex ſocietate materiæ, materiam ipſam principem monſtri cauſſam eſſe <expan abbr="cõcludemus">concludemus</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3716"></margin.target>a 4 <gap></gap> Ge. <lb></lb>on. 2. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3717"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3718"></margin.target>b 5. de cauſ<lb></lb>ſis plant. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3719"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3720"></margin.target>c 4. Sect. <lb></lb></s> <s>Probl. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3721"></margin.target>d Probl. <lb></lb><gap></gap>4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3722"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3723"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3724"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3725"></margin.target>a T. 64.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3726"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm efficiens fine potiatur quodammodo, dum efficit monstrum, an non. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ILLVD etiam animaduerſione dignum eſt. </s> <s>Vtrùm natura dum efficit monſtra, finem ſuum ita <lb></lb>efficiendo conſequatur, nec'ne; nam ſi ita ſit, certè monſtra non erunt ex eorum genere quæ re<lb></lb>ſpuat natura; cùm tamen id à nobis ante acceptum fuerit; nam quod habet intra ſe rationem finis, <lb></lb>id per ſe ipſum eſt expetendum. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita ſit, rationes multæ ſubueniunt quibus confirmetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Monſtra <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpecie non ſemper diſtinguuntur, ſpecies <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à natura expeti ſolent. </s> <s>igitur ſi ita fierent, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> diximus, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecies à natura ſimul expeteretur & repudiaretur, quæ cùm repu<lb></lb>gnantia ſint, vnà permanere non poſſunt. </s> <s>Deinde monſtra conſtant ex materia & forma naturalib. <lb></lb></s> <s>ergo ſunt à natura. </s> <s>quòd ſi natura ipſa gratia finis agit; erunt igitur hæc etiam finis generationis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà tam in eo quod eſt fruſtra, quàm in caſu ipſo & in eo quod eſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>cauſſæ ſunt infinitæ: at cauſſæ monſtrorum finitæ ſunt. </s> <s>aliter <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab Aſtrologis non prædiceretur ex <lb></lb>mutuo Mercurij <expan abbr="Veneriſq́">Veneriſque</expan>. </s> <s>adſpectu androgynos extorturos. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igitur à caſu, aut fruſtra; aut <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <lb></lb>contra naturam. </s> <s>Quin etiam ſi pręter naturæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> forent, non nutrirentur: nutriuntur autem: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3727"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ergo nec pręter naturam. </s> <s>Contrà monſtra ſunt mala, <expan abbr="malorũ">malorum</expan> verò non eſt appetitus, nec monſtro<lb></lb>rum igitur. </s> <s>Reſponderent ad hoc Platonici, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quos <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſectant̃">ſectantur</expan> inter interpretes Ariſt. </s> <s>Ioan. </s> <s>Gram. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3728"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> pluribus locis, ſed præcipuè, dum exponit quid ſit natura. </s> <s>Simplicius etiam, dicentes monſtra & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3729"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mala eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ex ordine vniuerſi: <expan abbr="nihilq́">nihilque</expan>. </s> <s>in natura ſubſiſtere, quod non habeat <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> ad <lb></lb>vniuerſi naturam; licèt ad <expan abbr="ſingularẽ">ſingularem</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> præter <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>nam <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> pictores <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, dum <expan abbr="ſtudẽt">ſtudent</expan> turpibus <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> obiectis <expan abbr="adſpiciẽtiũ">adſpicientium</expan> oculos delectare; ſiquidem, etſi per ſe turpes <lb></lb>ſunt, in toto ipſo <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſunt elegantes: ſic de monſtris autumant euenire. </s> <s>Nituntur confirmate <expan abbr="pro-poſitũ">pro<lb></lb>poſitum</expan> auctoritates Ariſt. </s> <s>aientis, in natura nil eſſe quod ordine vacet: ſunt verò monſtra ad bonum <lb></lb>in vniuerſo; quippe ad <expan abbr="ornatũ">ornatum</expan>, propter <expan abbr="mirã">miram</expan> illam <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> quæ vniuerſi eſſentia <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>. </s> <s>Cęterùm, <lb></lb>neſcio <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> id fiat, cùm quicquid agunt apud nos cauſſæ ſuperiores, <expan abbr="agãt">agant</expan> per cauſſas proximas quæ <lb></lb>illis obediunt ſanè, ſed tamen vt earum propria vis <expan abbr="nihilũ">nihilum</expan> quidem immutetur. </s> <s>ſi igitur eſt aliquid ex <lb></lb>conſilio naturæ <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, itidem eſſe debet ex voto <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> naturæ ſingularis, ſed monſtra ex nul<lb></lb>lius ſingularis naturæ voto exiſtunt. </s> <s>quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex illius conſilio quæ <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> malum <lb></lb>quicquam officit ordini vniuerſi, vt docet Alexander, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quandò <expan abbr="minimã">minimam</expan> huius mundi particulam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3730"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="630"></pb>attingit; ita, vt ſit quemadmodum nęuus in corpore candidiſsimo. </s> <s>Sirenius vir clariſsimus putauit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3731"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>monſtra poſſe ſpectari vt ſpecies, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita non eſſe præter naturæ <expan abbr="conſiliũ">conſilium</expan>: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſas habere fini<lb></lb>tas & per ſe: quatenus verò præter agentis huiuſce <expan abbr="conſiliũ">conſilium</expan> forent, eſſe per accidens, & à cauſsis in<lb></lb>finitis, ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ipſe non docet, vt <expan abbr="mõſtra">monſtra</expan> ſint ſpecies, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> rei cognitio nos adiuuabit in hoc pla<lb></lb>cito ſtatuendo; conabimur nos id pro viribus aperire. </s> <s>Hinc ergo exordiamur. </s> <s>Efficiens omne par<lb></lb>ticulare, quod non eſt ſponte <expan abbr="natũ">natum</expan>, nec <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="labefactatũ">labefactatum</expan>: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt, quod per ſe conſi<lb></lb>ſtere poſsit; nec <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> materia vel <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> ad aliud apparetur: ac demum, vt ab ipſo functio<lb></lb>nes <expan abbr="sũmę">summę</expan> deſcendant. </s> <s>ſolet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc eſſe ſpecies ſpecialiſsima: ſuapte natura cupit efficere ſibi ſimile. <lb></lb></s> <s>huic innato deſiderio corporis inſtrumenta cum ſeruiant; illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> optimè ab efficiente diſponan<lb></lb>tur neceſſe eſt; eiuſmodi vero ſpecies in ſe multos gradus <expan abbr="eſsẽtiæ">eſsentiæ</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>, & perfectionis. </s> <s>Agit verò <lb></lb>efficiens naturale quantum maximè <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>in hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> differt cum voluntario, quòd non poteſt limitare <lb></lb>ſuas actiones, quia facultas non eſt, quæ oppoſita reſpiciat, ſed vbi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> obſtet impedimenti, tan<lb></lb>tum agit, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ipſi <expan abbr="permittit̃">permittitur</expan>: etenim in eo primùm <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> eius opera <expan abbr="verſat̃">verſatur</expan>, vt ſuperet <expan abbr="impedimẽta">impedimenta</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> obicem repellat, & interim afficiat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ac niſi victor è prima illa pugna diſcedat, fine ſuo <lb></lb>priuetur. </s> <s>quòd ſiqua <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> ex parte ſuccedat, vt arceat illa, pro viribus ſuis agens, <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> perfectio<lb></lb>nis <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> materiæ tribuit ex iis, quos habet <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελεχεία</foreign>, vel actu. </s> <s>Sic igitur homo qui continet in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3732"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> ſentientem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alentem, ſi <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> omne ſuperaret, affectione congrua materiæ <lb></lb>præcedente, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩis">hoinis</expan> impertiret: ſi impediretur ex toto, nihil ageret prorſus, quemadmodum <lb></lb>in ſterilibus & impotentibus euenit. </s> <s>quod ſi non ex toto prohibeatur, cùm animal ſit, & <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> plantę <lb></lb>contineat; agit vt planta: agit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt animal: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita facit animal, aut <expan abbr="plantã">plantam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>inter animalia, <lb></lb>& plantas ſint diuerſi perfectionum gradus, pro ratione <expan abbr="impedimẽti">impedimenti</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> facere ſolùm id quod viuat <lb></lb><expan abbr="affixũ">affixum</expan>, cuiuſmodi eſt mola in vtero fœminæ. </s> <s>illi etiam ſenſum contribuere valet, facit id quod ha<lb></lb>beat quidem <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> alios ſenſus, careat tamen vi <expan abbr="phãtaſiæ">phantaſiæ</expan> perfecta, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> Antipheron ille po<lb></lb>tuit eſſe, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vi motrice, ſed cùm in ſe contineat <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eius perfectionis gradus, non eſt <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> pro <lb></lb><expan abbr="graduũ">graduum</expan> <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> portione monſtrum habere <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> per ſe, & à natura expetitum eſſe; vnde aliquando <lb></lb>ab Ariſt. </s> <s>dictum eſt; non fieri ex homine <expan abbr="oliuã">oliuam</expan> aut <expan abbr="platanũ">platanum</expan>, ſed animal, aut id quod alente tantum<lb></lb>modo polleret. </s> <s>Quia verò hæc expetuntur <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed per aliud, non perſe; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt ipſa faceret, <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <lb></lb>opus aggreſſum fuit efficiens, ſed ea fecit, vt <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> produceret, in hoc fine ſuo fruſtratur; immo, <lb></lb>vt ita dicam, maximè adit; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita fit monſtrum: quare ſiquis rectè vim monſtri inſpiciat, <expan abbr="aſſequit̃">aſſequitur</expan> <lb></lb>id quòd ſit ab eius formæ priuatione, quam primò & per ſe cupiebat efficiens: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuas machinas <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> dirigebat. </s> <s>quòd ſi priuatio dat eſſe ſpecificum, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> etiam ipſa numeratur in formis; dicemus <lb></lb>monſtra eſſe ſpeciem: ſed reuera, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> vniuerſa determinantur fine potiſsimo; monſtrum verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3733"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> attingit in natura tam <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> particulari, aut inſuper, quod <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> natura recuſet, <expan abbr="quo-niã">quo<lb></lb>niam</expan> & malum eſt, & conſequitur ex impotentia, erit præter vtriuſque naturæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>: quare ſpecies <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit propriè, neque per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Neque id abſurdum eſt; nam ſicuti conceſſum eſt ali<lb></lb>quid præter fatum, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> concedi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aliquid præter <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> eius naturæ, non ſanè quòd <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> ma<lb></lb>terię <expan abbr="ſequat̃">ſequatur</expan>: eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> materiæ, ſed quae oriatur ex vitio <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>contraria <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> ſunt in materia: qua<lb></lb>propter ab <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> iactata fluctuat, & <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> huc illuc præcipitatur incerta quo fertur. </s> <s>Interim <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>pertinet ad rationes, quibus muniebatur. </s> <s>altera pars problematis, facilè eſt reſpondere: aſſumebat <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> prima, ſpecie monſtra non ſemper differre: quanquàm verò ſpecie differre latiore modo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illa <lb></lb>dici poſſunt quæ per priuationes ab iis quæ per oppoſitos habitus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> formas conſtituuntur: quo <lb></lb>etiam modo <expan abbr="diſtinguunt̃">diſtinguuntur</expan> genera à quacunque ſua ſpecie, dum fiunt, interuentu .ſ. </s> <s>rationis cuiuſdam <lb></lb>formalis quæ exoritur ex priuatione, quę inhęret in certo ſubiecto, & <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> quandam notat ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> futuram, quam <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuprà docuimus ſufficere ad id, vt inter terminos motus ſit differentia ſpe<lb></lb>cifica, & inter tales ſpecies mutatio procedat. </s> <s>Sed quoniam ſunt etiam quędam quæ ſpecie non di<lb></lb>ſtinguuntur, vt homines gibbi, aut claudi, ac miris diſtorti modis, quibus propagandis natura cenſeri <lb></lb>poſsit, fine ſuo potita fuiſſe; tamen quia non ſolùm in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> primum collimat efficiens, licèt generan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3734"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad ipſum procedat, nec <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> prætereà faciat, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm: quippe quod & <lb></lb>hic ſit <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> finis; is verò continet <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> functiones, quæ perfectæ ſpeciei debentur, quibus or<lb></lb>gana corporea ſeruiunt: etiam ſi igitur efficiens exhibeat <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> primùm; nihilominus, quia functio<lb></lb>nes corpore deprauato non poſſunt obiri; eſt etiam quae finis in illa ſpecie deſideretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ineſt ibi <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſpecimen monſtri, tametſi infimi <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> gradus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Falſoq́">Falſoque</expan>. </s> <s>illud aſſumptum eſt: quęri ſpecies <lb></lb>à natura ſimpliciter; quęruntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſed non ſimpliciter, vt quocunque .ſ. </s> <s>modo forma inſit, ſed abſo<lb></lb>lutè, tum verò ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, cùm ſuis muneribus optimè fungi poſſunt: quamobrem non eſt ſimpliciter <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecies quæ quęritur à natura ſimul, & negligitur, aut potius refutatur, ſed quæritur perfecta, <lb></lb>non perfecta verò non curabatur, atque repellitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id pro abſurdo habendum eſt, eandem <expan abbr="ſpe-ciẽ">ſpe<lb></lb>ciem</expan> expeti ſimul, & non expeti à natura, & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> quidem expetitur, & non expetitur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eodem mo<lb></lb>do ſe habens, ſicut & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſanitas, quatenus fit ab arte & à natura, & cùm in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſpecie duæ ſint <lb></lb>partes, materia .ſ. </s> <s>& forma, quod ſanè ex forma eſt, <expan abbr="appetit̃">appetitur</expan>, quod eſt ex materia non ſemper, immò <lb></lb><expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> reſpuitur, & in hoc ipſo monſtri natura conſiſtit. </s> <s>Audiuimus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex Ariſt. </s> <s>eſſe naturam <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & formam; eſſe id quod eſt à natura: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt id quod habet naturam; <pb pagenum="631"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3735"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id verò <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſt è duabus naturis; eſt & id quod eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, velut ea quæ à forma, <lb></lb>aut materia certo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ordine <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> ducunt ſunt: & ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fiunt à natura, hoc eſt, quę <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> aliud <lb></lb>efficiens conſequi poteſt, neque vllum aliud materiæ genus conſtituit; ab ordine tamen naturæ di<lb></lb>ſcedunt: talia verò ſunt monſtra. </s> <s>Quare tollitur ex his obiectio ſecunda, dum inficiamur id quod <lb></lb>in conſequente affertur, ex antecedente pendere: fiunt .ſ. </s> <s>à natura; ergo ſunt natura. </s> <s>Et quanuis <lb></lb>ab opere ceſſare videatur efficiens, vt ſuſpicari poſsis adeſſe finem: at ſcito hæc fieri, natura finem <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> adepta, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ille finis eſt, ſed terminus motus qui item per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eſt. </s> <s>ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> actio <expan abbr="termi-nat̃">termi<lb></lb>natur</expan>, quòd vlterius progredi prohibetur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> tum natura eſt, quemadmodum viator, qui cum <lb></lb>Florentiam pedibus ire contendat, multis ſarcinis onuſtus, in medio tamen itinere propter <expan abbr="imbecilli-tatẽ">imbecilli<lb></lb>tatem</expan> labeſcit, vt <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> quieſcere cogatur: quieſcit ſane, ſed nondum itineris finem conſecutus eſt, <lb></lb>& inuitus: ac ſiquando reficiet vires, iter ſuum perſequetur: ita & illa proter materiam, & æqualem <lb></lb><expan abbr="pugnã">pugnam</expan> contrariorum defatigata <expan abbr="ſuccũbens">ſuccumbens</expan> opus cęptum non abſoluit, quæ cęteroqui ſi vires inſtau<lb></lb>raret, ad <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> perduceret, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fortè ibi factum eſt, ſi vera narrant hiſtoriæ, vbi è fœmina <lb></lb>extra vterum mas euaſerit, illud planè verum quod ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſcriptum eſt 7. de hiſt. Multis viris eue<lb></lb>niſſe, vt cùm anteà generare poſſent, pòſt nequeant, deinde rurſus facultatem generandi recipiant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> repugno, ſi ab hoc crimine vendicare velis per ſe efficiens, & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> materiæ tribuas, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3736"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt ſi calcearius malo corio ſuppeditante malos calceos <expan abbr="fabricet̃">fabricetur</expan>, aut imperator ſi ex vitio <expan abbr="tẽpeſtatis">tempeſtatis</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="exercitũ">exercitum</expan> perdat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> agentia, cùm ſint naturalia, nihilominus non naturaliter agere contingit; <expan abbr="agũt">agunt</expan> <lb></lb>ſanè naturaliter non impedita, cùm pręſtò ſit obex, agunt non naturaliter; addo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> naturam <lb></lb>Quod obiicitur, <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> cauſſas eſſe certas: iam docuimus, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illę cauſſę infinitæ ſint: quare non <lb></lb>eſt quae de hac re plura ſubiiciamus. </s> <s>Cùm dicitur; ſi eſſent præter naturæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>, non alerentur: neſcio <lb></lb>profectò ambigua'ne ſit hæc obiectio, & an'ne conſilium naturæ ſpectetur, an potius humanum, vel <lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>naturali facultate qua poſſent ali, prædita non eſſent, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> non aluntur inanima ſolùm, & <lb></lb>quæ inter viuentia perfectiſsima ſunt, ſed imperfecta, & plantæ item. </s> <s>Cùm poſsit <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="monſtrũ">monſtrum</expan> <lb></lb>vt equus, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt planta, vt planta verò ſe habere ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; veluti dictum eſt; nil certè <lb></lb>mirùm, ſi <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> quoque <expan abbr="nutriat̃">nutriatur</expan>, & viuat, licèt multò deteriore conditione, <expan abbr="ſpatioq́">ſpatioque</expan>. </s> <s>breuiore, quàm <lb></lb>ea quæ à natura fuerint abſoluta: nam cùm ex naturæ conſulto nata non ſint, ſed imperfecta, for<lb></lb>ma diuerſa contra legem naturę producta fuerint, edurare non poſſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> conditione formæ diutur<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3737"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nitati repugnante: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> male ſe habet, ſtatum mutare cupit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm ſępius malis conditionib. <lb></lb></s> <s>aut conflictemur, aut conflictari videamur; habita eſt <foreign lang="grc">μεταβολὴ πάντων γλυκὺ</foreign>. </s> <s>Quòd ſi id ſibi <lb></lb>velit; quoniam aluntur in ciuitatibus & <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in cœtum <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> referuntur: hoc quidem Chriſtiana <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3738"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pietas iubet; vbi .ſ. </s> <s>extent veſtigia humanitatis, & ſalua vltima forma corporis, organa ſint tantum<lb></lb>modò deprauata, ſed <expan abbr="veterũ">veterum</expan> legibus tale viuentium genus exponere licuiſſet, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> forte <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="tollebat̃">tollebatur</expan>: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3739"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nefas, aut <expan abbr="impiũ">impium</expan> habebatur, tollere infantes: quanquam ea lex ab Ariſt. </s> <s>correcta fuit, & <expan abbr="il-lucuſq.">il<lb></lb>lucuſque</expan> conceſſa, quo ad viuerent vitam plantæ: nam ſenſu producto facinus ea tollere iudicauir. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et quod inquiunt, ſi forent præter naturæ ordinem, non nutrirentur: fortaſſe concederem; ſi ita eſ<lb></lb>ſent præter <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>, quia cùm in formam <expan abbr="perfectiorẽ">perfectiorem</expan>, & ad præſtantius opus inſtituta ſint, ordine ca<lb></lb>rent, quia non aſſequantur id in quod inſtituta fuerunt: at <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> partem ordinis habent quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> eſt, ideò & nutrit ea natura, & ciuitates alunt; nec tamen id tollit, quominus <expan abbr="mõſtra">monſtra</expan> ſint, quia <lb></lb>ſatis præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habent, ſi fine non potiuntur: nam partem ſolùm adepta ſunt, totum non atti<lb></lb>gerunt. </s> <s>Afferunt & id ex Ariſt. </s> <s>naturam nil carens ordine tolerare. </s> <s>damus; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>dicimus ea quæ <lb></lb>ſecundùm naturam ſunt, plurimum fieri, <expan abbr="ſtatiſq́">ſtatiſque</expan>. </s> <s>modis, atque temporibus. </s> <s>monſtra verò, quia ſunt <lb></lb>præter naturam, ordine carere, & fieri rarò, ac facta non eſſe viuacia. </s> <s>Ita igitur generatim patet, <lb></lb>vt in productione monſtri natura committat errorem, & finem non aſſequatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3727"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3728"></margin.target>b <expan abbr="Plotin9">Plotinus</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3729"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3730"></margin.target>d 2. de An. <lb></lb>c. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3731"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3732"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3733"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3734"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3735"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3736"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3737"></margin.target>a Alex. 1. <lb></lb>Probl. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3738"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3739"></margin.target>b 8. Polit.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De cauſſis monstrorum ſigillatim. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3740"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3740"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM hactenus cauſſa monſtrorum generatim comperta eſt; haud erit ab re, ſi ſpe<lb></lb>ciales eorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſas ſummatim exponamus. </s> <s>Videntur verò ad hæc capita referri, pau<lb></lb>citatem, <expan abbr="copiã">copiam</expan>, & contumaciam materiæ, quæ naſcitur à qualitatibus; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc, aut ſeorſum, aut con<lb></lb>iunctim, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, aut plura. </s> <s>A paucitate verò materiæ proficiſci ſolet vitium magnitudinis, numeri, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan>; prætereà celeritas temporis in terminis vitæ perficiendis, & deficit magnitudo <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ali<lb></lb>mentum, aut pro toto; ſic totum puſillum exoritur; aut pro parte, vt pede; ſic aut abeſt pes, aut pu<lb></lb>ſillus eſt. </s> <s>Ita etiam vbi menſtruum deſit in animalibus multiparis, vnum aut duo ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> parien<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>puſilla; niſi & pro illorum iuſta magnitudine materia ſuppetat: <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> vbi affluát materia, <lb></lb>fiunt molis maioris numeri, aut <expan abbr="mẽbrum">membrum</expan> redundabit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc vel requiſitum ad <expan abbr="integritatẽ">integritatem</expan> corpo<lb></lb>ris, ſed tamen ex iis, quæ poſt genita ſunt, veluti dentes: inde infans obſeruatus, qui cum dentibus <lb></lb>ortus ſit: vel non requiſitum, vt ſextus digitus in Volcatio, qualitas etiam actuoſa, aut patibilis ma<lb></lb>teriæ, tum menſtrui, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eius, quo genitura conſiſtit: licet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à corpore <expan abbr="ſeparet̃">ſeparetur</expan>, in corpore tamen <lb></lb>reſidet. </s> <s>Hinc macies aut pinguedo inſignis, à magno <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calore pinguedo proficiſcitur, à modico ma<lb></lb>cies. </s> <s>ab his etiam <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> pluſquàm par ſit, contendentibus exoriri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> Androgynus. </s> <s>Ad hæc acce <pb pagenum="632"></pb>dunt <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan> agens, velut ambiens, & locus, vis etiam phantaſiæ, à qua fiunt in embry corpore <arrow.to.target n="marg3741"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>notæ illę quas cupiditates appellamus, ab imagine rei concupitę quę in ſpiritibus <expan abbr="molliſsimiſq́">molliſsimiſque</expan>. </s> <s>par<lb></lb>tibus fœtus quaſi informatur. </s> <s>ac pręter loci <expan abbr="amplitudinẽ">amplitudinem</expan> vel anguſtias qualitates <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tactiles <expan abbr="iuuant̃">iuuantur</expan>, <lb></lb>aut nocent, cùm in ſiccis parua corpora <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> gignantur, in humectis maiora. </s> <s>horum cauſſæ ſi<lb></lb>gillatim in probl. </s> <s>explicatę ſunt. </s> <s>Alia fiunt tanquam ex duobus vnum, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> ex corde <lb></lb>perſpicere licet, è quibus magis vitalia ſunt, quorum præcipua <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> minus lęſa fuerunt: quędam <lb></lb>etiam vel extrinſecùs affecta ſunt, vel intrinſecùs: inde <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> aliter habent collocata, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> facere natu<lb></lb>ra conſuerit, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pauciora; quapropter hæc ſine ſplene comperta, ſine iecore alia, quauis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine <lb></lb>toto, nec ſine integro corde; licet hiſtoriæ quædam in ſacrificiis contrà <expan abbr="obſeruatũ">obſeruatum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="teſtẽtur">teſtentur</expan>: ſed <lb></lb>cur aruſpicum impoſturę non ſunt? </s> <s><expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> inerat duplex lien. </s> <s>ſic monoculi ab his eiſdem cauſ<lb></lb>ſis exorti ſunt, vel ſeorſum, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> coniunctim. </s> <s>homines cum particula caudę ad nates, & talia gene<lb></lb>ris eius <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan>, ſciopodes, bicipites numero <expan abbr="pedũ">pedum</expan> aut <expan abbr="manuũ">manuum</expan> duplicato: hinc ſeptencipitis hydræ, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cerberiq́">cerberique</expan>. </s> <s>trifaucis, <expan abbr="centimaniq́">centimanique</expan>. </s> <s>Gygę commenta, & alia multa quorum, vt fabuloſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint, eædem <lb></lb>cauſſæ prorſus exiſtunt. </s> <s>Inter hæc autem minus infrequenter monſtra conſpiciuntur, quæ pariunt <lb></lb>plures fœtus, & oua plura, & hic morbus gallinas pręcipuè vexat, quia pariunt <expan abbr="ouũ">ouum</expan> conſtans è duo<lb></lb>bus vitellis, ſed ſicui minus arrideat hæc cauſſa, quia non ex vitello, ſed ex albo fiat pullus, dicat vbi <lb></lb>album ipſum <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> ſit, nec per <expan abbr="membranã">membranam</expan> in partes <expan abbr="diſtinctũ">diſtinctum</expan>, cui materia facilius è duobus vitellis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3742"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuppetat. </s> <s>ſic euenire <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in cellulis muliebris matricis: nam ſingula embrya ſuis membranis diſtin<lb></lb>guuntur. </s> <s>Vitiata verò <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> ſunt ea quæ diſtant à corde, quia minus ibi pollet virtus formatrix <lb></lb>à corde infuſa, in quo poſtquam <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt (generatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> omnium primum) reſidet ea facultas. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò vtrum'ne, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> monſtra fiunt in animalibus, ſic etiam fiunt in plantis & reliquis? <lb></lb></s> <s>aſſerunt Gręci interpretes; experientia docet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam ætate noſtra A. S. M. D. L. V. narrant hi<lb></lb>ſtorię Britannorum in litore Britannico, quod <expan abbr="orientẽ">orientem</expan> ſpectat certo quodam in loco Suffolcię inter <lb></lb>Alburnum, & Oltfordium oppida ſaxis inſidentia (mirabile dictu) piſa nulla terra circunfuſa au<lb></lb>tumnali tempore ſponte nata, adeò magna copia, vt <expan abbr="ſufficerẽt">ſufficerent</expan> vel millibus hominum. </s> <s>ſed id minus <lb></lb>ipſi apparere inquiunt, quia latet magis. </s> <s>Cur autem lateat magis, ex eo ratio <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> redditur, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>opti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3743"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mè à Philoſopho, quia quo partes <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> diſtinctiores, eo ſunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> magis actu, <expan abbr="magiſq́">magiſque</expan>. </s> <s>perſpicuè eorum <lb></lb>functiones, & conſimiliter <expan abbr="earundẽ">earundem</expan> priuationes. </s> <s>Ita teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>quia partium difformium fun<lb></lb>ctiones magis in aperto ſunt, ob id, vbi de mortuę ſint, ambiguas haberi: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> manum dici il<lb></lb>lam, quæ mortua ſit, ſed <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> hoc, manum <expan abbr="emortuã">emortuam</expan>, ſicuti manum <expan abbr="lapideã">lapideam</expan>; caro, quanuis mortua <lb></lb>ſit, retinet nomen, & ſine vlla appendice caro appellatur. </s> <s>Spectatur etiam ratio monſtri nonmodò <lb></lb>in figura, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, & forma rei genitę, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in ortus ipſius <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> & abſolutione <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> ſua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3744"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum, quorum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſicuti certa eſt ratio magnitudinis, & paruitatis, ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſtatum témpus, & certæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> periodi, vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> generationes eiuſmodi præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ab Ariſt. </s> <s>pręter fatum <expan abbr="vocã-">vocan<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3745"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, quamobrem puer ille in <expan abbr="mõſtris">monſtris</expan> numeraret qui vt primùm prodiit in <expan abbr="lucẽ">lucem</expan>, locutus, & male ſuæ <lb></lb>prouinciæ auguratus illico extinctus eſt: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tum fine ſuo natura potitur, cùm <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> <lb></lb>in natura nonmodò formæ, verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> functiones; & viſio inter munera ſenſuum poſtrema <lb></lb>perficitur, & loquela inter motiones organorum. </s> <s>Verumeninuerò varia illa quæ vulgò circunfe<lb></lb>runtur, ad hiſtorię fidem reiicimus, quibus ſatis eſt nunc, ſi è multorum obſeruatione regulæ quæ<lb></lb>dam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illę quidem generales colligi poſsint ſeruata habitudine <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> quam ſibi forma <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> ven<lb></lb>dicat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim indiuiduo conſiſtit, quanuis ſi valde tranſiliat hos cancellos, aut fabuloſum, aut ſpe<lb></lb>cie diuerſum <expan abbr="exiſtimandũ">exiſtimandum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Ad ea verò quæ de partuum miſtura dici ſolent, <expan abbr="cauẽdum">cauendum</expan> vt partus <lb></lb><expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> diuerſorum æquali <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> abſoluantur, aliter fore meras nugas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> illud falſum quod <lb></lb>ortum ex muliere & cane vulgus fabulatur. </s> <s>Etenim vt optimè Theophraſtus 5. de hiſt. non minus <lb></lb>in animali quàm planta <foreign lang="grc">δεῖ οὑμοὶ οπαθῆ εἷναι τὰ μέλλοντα συμφύεσθαι</foreign>. </s> <s>Ex tauro igitur & equa hin<lb></lb>num gigni, vt nunc eſt Piſis, non abſurdum, quae tempus vteri gerendi, <expan abbr="ſeminiſq́">ſeminiſque</expan>. </s> <s>maturandi in <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> <lb></lb>eſt æquale. </s> <s>Illud fortaſſe non erit abſurdum, ſi fateamur aliqua monſtra degenerare in ea, quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3746"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fiunt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſicuti degenerat triticum in genus <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> frugis, quod poſteà conſeruatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, qui caſu figuram <expan abbr="quãpiam">quampiam</expan> obtinuerit alicui generi, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prouinciæ <expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> poſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hinc ea quæ de humero eburno in Pelopidarum familia tradita ſunt & in iis, quos <foreign lang="grc">γηγενεῖς</foreign> appel<lb></lb>labant, haſta. </s> <s>ſic ſunt hęriditarij morbi, quæ <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> inueterata ſunt; non amplius pro miraculis, aut <lb></lb>monſtris habentur. </s> <s>Inter monſtra etiam ab Ariſt. </s> <s>recenſentur illi filij qui parum; aut nihil ſimiles <lb></lb>ſunt parentibus, quanquàm <expan abbr="monſtrũ">monſtrum</expan> eſt degenerare in <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan>; degenerare <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimpliciter <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> rarò fit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Omnino tamen ars aliquid poteſt, & cùm labi plantis frequentiſsimum ſit, optimè cultura corri<lb></lb>guntur. </s> <s>Proinde Maro de ſeminibus hæc diſputabat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3741"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3742"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3743"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>1. de Gen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3744"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3745"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3746"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vidi lecta diu, & multo ſpectata labore</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Degenerare tamen, ni vis humana quot annis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Maxima <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> manu legeret: ſic omnia fatis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>In peius ruere, & retro ſublapſa referri<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ex his igitur patet, quæ'nam mutationes fatales ab Ariſt. </s> <s>dictę ſint, quę item pręter fatum, quod nos <lb></lb>explicare conabamur, & cauſſas altius fortaſſe repetiuimus, quàm methodus inſtituta poſtularet. </s> <s><pb pagenum="633"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3747"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3747"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De periodorum cauſſis in viuentibus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SINT ergo, dicet aliquis, generationes fatales; ſint & ea quæ certum <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> ſeruant: illę verò <lb></lb>quæ ſunt extra ordinem, ſint monſtroſæ quodammodo; age nunc explica nobis vndénam ſit <lb></lb>hoc quod fatum dicis, hoc eſt, vnde certi illius ordinis cauſſa ſigillatim petenda ſit. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="ge-minã">ge<lb></lb>minam</expan> huiuſce euenti rationem reddere viſus eſt; <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quidem, quæ intuetur efficiens; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram <lb></lb>quæ ſpectat materiam: efficiens verò cęlum ipſum eſt in quo duo diuerſi motus obſeruantur; alter <lb></lb>quidem qui diurnus eſt, quo fit, vt perpetuus quidam tenor in rebus caducis propter <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> illius <lb></lb><expan abbr="vniformitatẽ">vniformitatem</expan> conſeruetur; alter verò qui eſt <expan abbr="planetarũ">planetarum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic inæqualis, vnde alternatio, & viciſ<lb></lb>ſitudo proficiſcitur inter quos cùm pręcipuus ſit Sol, & ab ipſo Luna, quorum curſus certi quidam <lb></lb>termini ſunt, illius <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> annuus; huius verò menſtruus. </s> <s>inde eſt, vt quæ ſunt apud nos, ortu <expan abbr="obi-tuq́">obi<lb></lb>tuque</expan>. </s> <s>ordinem certum teneant, aut qui menſem imitetur, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> annum, vel partes ipſorum, & ſiqua <lb></lb>ſint <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ortus, aut interitus in anno <expan abbr="cõpleri">compleri</expan> non poſsit, annis pluribus conficiantur; ita menſium <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="annorũ">annorum</expan> complexum <expan abbr="quẽdam">quendam</expan> abſoluant. </s> <s>Ex huiuſmodi ergo ſerie <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> cęleſtium ducitur or<lb></lb>do vitæ rei cuiuſlibet, ac definita periodus; hoc eſt, <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> durationis <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, & æqualis ortus <expan abbr="obituſq́">obituſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſui tractus, ideſt, ſuæ promotionis ad <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, & contrà declinationis, dum varias qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3748"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litates imponunt materiæ, vt per illas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Hyppocrates ſingulis cęli variationibus manifeſtis ſingulos <lb></lb>humores adſcribat, quibus animalium vita ſuſtinetur, aut labefactatur: nam vere ſanguis augetur, <lb></lb>æſtate flauabilis; atra autumno; hyeme pituita, vt generatim motuum cęleſtium efficacitas nobis <lb></lb>appareat in <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> figuli rotam voluentis quæ <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> retro, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> prorſus meat, ſed motus vtriuſque <lb></lb>particeps ſimul vniuerſi imitatrix <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> generis figuras exprimit & effingit: ita & apud nos ex <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> <lb></lb>elementis homo nunc, aliàs aliud propagatur, & hoc modo <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan>, alio aliàs eundem <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> & cętera <lb></lb>effecta produci conſpicimus, dum eidem cęli rotationi ſubiiciuntur: ſic <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ex eiſdem, ſimile nihil, <lb></lb>eiſdem inſtrumentis, ex ſiccis humida facta, & contra ex humidis ſicca, è cauſſarum <expan abbr="ſuarũ">ſuarum</expan> <expan abbr="cõplexu">complexu</expan> <lb></lb>prodeunt in lucem. </s> <s>Conuerſioni proximè ſubiiciuntur elementa; ſic æſtate ſuperiora gignuntur, <lb></lb>hyeme inferiora. </s> <s>Sed cùm in quolibet mixto ſemper <expan abbr="dominet̃">dominetur</expan> aliquod elementum; ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> neceſ<lb></lb>ſe eſt affici pari propè ratione <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> elementum. </s> <s>Proinde naturarum hę quidem ad hyemem, <lb></lb>hę verò ad æſtatem bene maléue ſe habent. </s> <s>Hæc verò quantum eſt de cauſſa priore. </s> <s>Sed vt ſecun<lb></lb>dam aſſequamur, more conſueto quæſtionem proponemus. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne habeant <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> præfinitam <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="pręſcriptã">pręſcriptam</expan> ſibi à natura periodum, qua orta occidant & aucta <expan abbr="cõſeneſcant">conſeneſcant</expan>, an non. </s> <s>Vt verò melius <lb></lb>hæc percipiantur, ſcire conuenit hæc duo tempus in viuente ſignificare, vitam .ſ. </s> <s>& periodum, aut ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3749"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>velimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> inanima <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan>, durationem, ac terminos durationis. </s> <s>Veruntamen vita & duratio vi<lb></lb>dentur habitus eſſe rei ipſius quæ durat & viuit, qua manſio formæ per <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> ſpatium temporis <lb></lb>indicatur. </s> <s>At periodus notat <expan abbr="manſionẽ">manſionem</expan> formæ, quoad motum cęleſtem: nam definiuit ipſam Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>certum <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> dierum <expan abbr="menſiũ">menſium</expan> & annorum, aut alterius cuiuſpiam menſuræ cęleſtis, ſiue maioris, <lb></lb>ſeu minoris quæ <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> reuertatur; huiuſmodi ſunt Lunæ volutationes, plenilunia, nouilunia, & <expan abbr="de-niq.">de<lb></lb>nique</expan> termini, quibus <expan abbr="cõmutantur">commutantur</expan> adſpectus ad <expan abbr="ſolẽ">ſolem</expan>, quorum <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> motus menſis eſt menſura <expan abbr="cõ-munis">con<lb></lb>munis</expan>. </s> <s>De hac ergo menſura quærendum nobis eſt, vtrùm ſit, deinde cauſſa illius exponenda. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quòd nulla ſit, ab his <expan abbr="cõmotus">commotus</expan> aliquis exiſtimare poſſet, in elementis primùm, quòd opponi<lb></lb>tur ignis, qui per ſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> interire, quia tamen in ſua ſphęra caret contrario, non interibit. </s> <s>Deinde do<lb></lb>cemur experientia <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> hominis auxilio <expan abbr="medicamentorũ">medicamentorum</expan> poſſe produci. </s> <s>Necnon rei duratio non vi<lb></lb>detur aliunde proficiſci, quàm ab exuperatione poteſtatis ad <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> corrumpentia, ſed exuperatio <lb></lb>illa in infinitum ſecari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & poteſtas igitur: nulla ergo periodo <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan>, & clauditur. </s> <s>Poſtremò <lb></lb>duratio à poteſtatis exuperatione deſcendit: at ea poteſtas maior eſt quæ diutius permanet. </s> <s>ergo <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> duret in infinitum; poteſtas igitur cęli infinita ſit neceſſe eſt, quod cùm illa oppugnet quæ <lb></lb>8. Phyſ. decernuntur, falſitatem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> antecedentis oſtendit. </s> <s>Veruntamen hoc dicere nil eſt aliud <lb></lb>profectò, quàm recedere à ſenſu, cùm videamus <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> vnica cęli conuerſione mutari, quemadmo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3750"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum auctores <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> hiſtoriæ docent de Ephemero apud Hypanin fluuium, quod ab vnius diei <lb></lb>vita nomen duxit; nonnulla menſtruo Lunę curſu finiri; nam ſingulis <expan abbr="quibuſq́ue">quibuſque</expan> Lunę reditibus <lb></lb>cancri replentur, annuo curſu iumentorum partus abſoluuntur; biennij ſpatio elephantorum ac <lb></lb>plurimę ſtirpes quattuor anni <expan abbr="tẽpora">tempora</expan> attingunt, cùm autumno ferantur, & ſolis acceſſu primùm è <lb></lb>terra pullulent, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>progreſſu paullatim adoleſcant, ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> perueniant, & receſſu demum are<lb></lb>ſcere occipiant; donec tabeſcentia paullatim <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> interitu permutarint. </s> <s>augentur nonnunquàm <lb></lb>corpora, & ad ſummum perueniunt <expan abbr="cõpluribus">compluribus</expan> annis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> itidem pari temporis interuallo colla<lb></lb>buntur: vnde quæ tardius ſuccreuerunt, & ad ſtatum ſerius peruenere, tardius etiam concidunt: <lb></lb>ſic & creſcere tardius in vtero; extra vterum verò citius conſtat mulieris, & equæ corpus, quàm ma<lb></lb>ris longiſsimam, homini <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> eſſe, elephanto excepto, teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> illud monſtrum ſi hi<lb></lb>ſtoriis Gallicis credere <expan abbr="dignũ">dignum</expan> eſt, quae Ioannes <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ab annis <expan abbr="cognominarũt">cognominarunt</expan>, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="elephantũ">elephantum</expan> vitæ longitu<lb></lb>dine ſuperarit. </s> <s>plura <expan abbr="exẽpla">exempla</expan> ſiquis volet, <expan abbr="cõſulat">conſulat</expan> <expan abbr="Lucianũ">Lucianum</expan>, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> hoc M. Polus Venetus in itinerario <lb></lb>ſuo natiuum eſſe docet in ea regione, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Loac, ſiue Lac <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>: nam <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> C. L. annos <expan abbr="conficiũt">conficiunt</expan>, <lb></lb>putat ipſe, nec malè, propter caſtitatem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Animaliũ">Animalium</expan> ætates Heſiodus hiſce carminibus <expan abbr="cõplexus">complexus</expan> eſt.</s></p> <pb pagenum="634"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3748"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3749"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3750"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἐννέα τοιζώει γενεὰς λακέ ρυζα κορώνη.</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3751"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3751"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἀνδρῶν ἡβὼντον, ἔλαφος δέτε τετρακόρωνος <lb></lb> Τρεῖς δ' ἐλάφους ὁκόραξ γηράσκεται, ἀυτὰρ ὁ φο̂ινιξ<lb></lb> Ἐννέα τοῦ κόρακας</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ab his illa deducta.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ter binos, <expan abbr="decieſq.">decieſque</expan> nouem ſuperexit in annos</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Iuſta ſeneſcentum quos implet vita virorum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Hos nouies ſuperat viuendo garrula cornix<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et quater egreditur cornicis ſæcula ceruus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alipedem ceruum ternincit coruus; at illum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Multiplicat nouies Phœnix reparabilis ales<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Oppianus etiam de ceruo.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ζώει δ' αὗτ' ἔλαφος δηρὸν χρόνον, ἀτρεκέως δὲ<lb></lb> Ἀνπρώπων γενεήτις ἐφήμισε τετρακόρωνον</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hinc quoque mutationes ætatum in animalibus certis quibuſdam temporibus obeuntur, quæ cùm <lb></lb>terminis vitę <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> congruunt; nam quæ diutius viuunt, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> peruenere diutius: <lb></lb>hinc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mutationes in habitu ſanitatis, per hebdomadas, aut dierum aut menſium, aut annorum; <arrow.to.target n="marg3752"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quibus natura <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> criſin facit, & tractus certi <expan abbr="morborũ">morborum</expan>, qui diebus criticis <expan abbr="deſignant̃">deſignantur</expan>. </s> <s>pertinent <lb></lb>& tales periodi ad fluxus <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan>; idcirco æſtus in mari, qui duobus contrariis, <expan abbr="certiſq́">certiſque</expan>. </s> <s>motibus de<lb></lb>finitur <foreign lang="grc">πλημμυρίδος καὶ ἀμπώτιας</foreign>, quos noſtri fluxum <expan abbr="refluxumq́">refluxumque</expan>. </s> <s>vocant. </s> <s>mitto æſtatem illam <lb></lb><expan abbr="hyememq́">hyememque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan>, quæ ad vniuerſas <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> mutationes elementorum pertinent, de omnibus <lb></lb>his alio loco dicturus. </s> <s>Attamen, vt ex his optimè liqueat eum qui <expan abbr="periodũ">periodum</expan> è natura tollat, naturam <lb></lb>ipſam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vniuerſam ſublaturum, hæc notare libuit. </s> <s>Eius cauſſam anteà quadam ex parte teri<lb></lb>gimus; nam cęlum efficiens nos ipſi conſtituimus, licet Philoponus eius rei cauſſam <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> eſſe te<lb></lb>ſtatus ſit, qui non vidit huius euenti duas eſſe cauſſas, materiam .ſ. </s> <s>& efficiens, & cauſſam internam <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, à quà motus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> nullus eſt; efficiens verò intrinſecùs agere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe; aliter <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> res <lb></lb>ſibi ipſi necem afferret, & ſiqua mutatio eſt, quæ ab interno principio pullulare videatur, ea certè <lb></lb>eſt putrefactio: tamen etiam calorem poſtulat ambientis, vt abſoluatur, aut igitur falſum accepit <lb></lb>Philoponus, aut præcisè <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> animi ſui <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> elocutus eſt. </s> <s>Et Aſtrologi ipſi multum motui <lb></lb>cęleſti, aut numero <expan abbr="dierũ">dierum</expan> tribuentes, dum huiuſmodi euenta illis adſcribunt, ſine dubio falluntur; <lb></lb>niſi fortè à terminis <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>, & numeris regulæ <expan abbr="deſumant̃">deſumantur</expan> ad dignoſcendas eiuſcemodi naturæ mu<lb></lb>tationes, quàm vt illorum cauſſæ ſint; nam ſiquid aſtra ſuis volutationibus efficiunt præter primas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3753"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qualitates, & eas quæ ab illis emanant, in methodo naturali adhuc perſpectum non eſt: etenim nu<lb></lb>meros <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> prorſus habere vim, contra Pythagoręos abundè concluſum fuit in prima philoſopia, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> à Boetho dicatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Omnia <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> à primęua rerum natura conſtituta ſunt, ex numero<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3754"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum videre ratione eſſe formata; <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> ſumatur ratio numeri <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> effectrix; ſed vt ſignum proui<lb></lb>dentiæ diuinæ, per quam ex vno fonte <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> entium gradus ſcaturiunt. </s> <s>Verùm efficiens per ſe <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan> reſpicit, in qua contraria reſident, vnde <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ratio cum agendi, tum patiendi duci ſolet: ita vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actio proficiſcatur ab exuperatione efficientis ad patiens, ſeu <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quæ ſanè in mundo infe<lb></lb>riore ſunt contraria, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ingenium eſt, vt ſemper ſe oppugnent, ſiue in ſimplicibus ſubſiſtant, ſiue <lb></lb>contineantur. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan> à forma mixti, & ambiens potiſsimum, quod variis modis affectum à di<lb></lb>uerſis cæli motibus ac ſyderum poſituris, ſemper aut adiuuat, aut impedit opus naturale. </s> <s>quapro<lb></lb>pter etiam optimè dictum ſcimus à Theophraſto. </s> <s>Annum non autem ſolum ferre. <foreign lang="grc">ἔτος οὐχὶτὴν <lb></lb>ᾶρουραν φὲρειν</foreign>. </s> <s>Et quoniam ambiens plurimum vniformiter alteratur, inde eſt, vt <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> vnifor<lb></lb>miter afficiat, ac ſiquando prohibeatur, id caſu ſit, &, vt dicere ſolent philoſophi, propter <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan>, <lb></lb>materiæ; <foreign lang="grc">ἀοριστίαν</foreign> vocat Ariſt. quod etiam à Simplicio legimus <expan abbr="approbatũ">approbatum</expan>, qui ſacultatum menſu<lb></lb>ras ex repugnantia deducat, ita ab exuperationis gradu fit, vtputa, tantum calorem in tantum <expan abbr="hu-morẽ">hu<lb></lb>morem</expan> per hyemem, in tanto <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> agere poſſe; ætate verò in minore, & maiorem <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> gradum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3755"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut molem in <expan abbr="minorẽ">minorem</expan> tempore multo breuiore, ſeruatis illis rationibus quas ſuperiore libro recita<lb></lb>uimus. </s> <s>Ac credendum eſt, talem proportionem producere mutationes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> in natura, ſiue per dierum <lb></lb>hebdomadas, ſeu <expan abbr="menſiũ">menſium</expan> & annorum, ſiue alterius <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> temporis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde peti in criticis <expan abbr="ratio-nẽ">ratio<lb></lb>nem</expan> menſis; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab alio remotiore principio; præcipuè à ſyderibus & à Luna præſertim, quandò <lb></lb>& ipſa ſpectatur in naturali philoſophia, quatenus repercutit ad nos variis modis lumen à ſole acce<lb></lb>ptum, quo pacto afficit ambiens, & ſiquid ab aſpectibus eſt petitum; <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id ad vim luminum refer<lb></lb>re oportet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſat eſt ad reddendam <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> periodi <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> cauſſam. </s> <s>Si igitur ſufficit ratio natu<lb></lb>ralis, quæ à proportione efficientis & materiæ quibus cum aut ambiens concurrit, aut contrà venit, <lb></lb>per ſe <expan abbr="cõtendens">contendens</expan> ad calidum, per accidens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad frigus humore exhauſto; non eſt quòd alias cauſ<lb></lb>ſas dubias inculcemus. </s> <s>Rationes <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ab initio quæſtionis allatæ facilè profligantur: nam dicimus <lb></lb>ignem <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> obtinere contrarium beneficio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> formæ, quia calidus & ſiccus eſt; merito autem <lb></lb>materiæ, quæ eſt exhalatio, quæ per ſe terra eſt; ideò frigida ſuapte natura, calida autem qualitatis <lb></lb>alienæ beneficio: quare poſtquam <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> abſumpſit calor; gignitur <expan abbr="excremẽtum">excrementum</expan> quod eſt cinis, <pb pagenum="635"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3756"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita corrumpitur <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> ignis <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> ob <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, externam ſcilicet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> internam. </s> <s>Ad id verò quae <lb></lb>vita <expan abbr="producat̃">producatur</expan>, ita reſpondemus, falſum opinantes vitam per ſe produci, ſed medicus <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> naturæ <lb></lb>miniſter, ita producit vitam, quia repellit prohibentia <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan>, quæ ſi non <expan abbr="adeſsẽt">adeſsent</expan>, viueret <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> <expan abbr="animãs">animans</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>adſunt; viuere nequit, quare ſi remoneantur, adhuc viuet; id autem adhibita opera medici ſucce<lb></lb>dit: nec tamen illius indiuidui vitam producit vltra periodum ſpeciei totius, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi eueniret, etiam <lb></lb>in monſtris numerandum foret. </s> <s>Tertium ita tollitur exuperatione diſtincta: nam conſideratur in<lb></lb>terdum vt quantum, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> vt gradus formæ cum facultate naturali: concedimus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſam di<lb></lb>uidi infinitè, ſi accipiatur vt quantum; at quatenus notat <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> formę <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>, non diuiditur infinitè, <lb></lb>quin ſi tantiſper imminuas, fieri poteſt, vt nil amplius moueat: hoc fuſius ibi declaratum, vbi ver<lb></lb>ba fecimus de terminis facultatis naturalis. </s> <s>Quod item poſtremo loco <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan>, quia ſemper vir<lb></lb>tus excellit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & maior virtus requiritur ad maiorem durationem: quo fit vt infinita virtus <lb></lb>in cęlo ſit futura. </s> <s>An exuperatio virtutis, à qua <expan abbr="periodorũ">periodorum</expan> termini ducuntur, eſt ad noſtratem ma<lb></lb>teriam quæ ab illa ſubſtantia repudiatur, in noſtrate verò finita eſt ea virtus, licèt hîc diuturnior, ibi <lb></lb>minus, quod ſanè vniuerſum exquiſitę proportioni principiorum <expan abbr="materiæq́">materiæque</expan>. </s> <s>indiſſolubilitati dan<lb></lb>dum eſt: etenim cùm apud nos per lumen & motum producant & perdant; ex motu verò cæleſti <lb></lb>varietur eorum habitudo ad terras, efficitur vt cęli <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> virtus finiatur, & variis modis afficiat ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3757"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teriam. </s> <s>Ita dicimus quercum eſſe perſico diuturniorem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> humor quo <expan abbr="nutrit̃">nutritur</expan> eius calor, pin<lb></lb>guior eſt & conſtantior, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> facilè poteſt diſsipari: in æternis eſt infinita duratio, quae eorum materia <lb></lb>nulla eſt, aut eiuſmodi quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habeat in ſe poteſtatem <expan abbr="cõtradicentium">contradicentium</expan>, ſed de <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> rerum periodis <lb></lb>in præſentia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> agitur, immo <expan abbr="excludunt̃">excluduntur</expan> periodis. </s> <s>quoniam extra ipſas ſunt, cùm <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> cauſſæ ſint. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò, quod ſcimus ab aliquibus fuiſſe pronunciatum; <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> eſſe periodum ſimplicium <expan abbr="corpo-rũ">corpo<lb></lb>rum</expan>, quàm compoſitorum, quia ſimplicia caueant interna repugnantia quæ ſanè vrget <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, <expan abbr="vanũ">vanum</expan> <lb></lb>puto. </s> <s>quandò mixta denſiora & robuſtiora ſolent eſſe. </s> <s>Prætereà facilius ſeſe viciſsim afficiunt ea <lb></lb>quæ magis contraria ſunt, quàm remiſsiora, at in mixto ſunt remiſſa. </s> <s>quapropter ad mutuam per<lb></lb>niciem minus agunt, ſed quaſi fœdere contracto manent coniuncta: ob id etiam temperata diutur<lb></lb>niora ſunt, licèt à pluribus cauſsis eorum <expan abbr="tẽperies">temperies</expan> immutari poſsit. </s> <s>ac generatim vbi materia fuerit, <lb></lb>ibi ſemper eſt adnexa priuatio, quæ per ſe cauſſa eſt interitus: itaque ad interitum ſuopte impulſu <lb></lb>contendunt, & eius priuationis acrior eſt eo ſtimulus, quò contrarium, quod <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> circunſtat, <lb></lb>efficacius; efficacius verò, quò ſimpliciter.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3752"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3753"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3754"></margin.target>a 1. arithm.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3755"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3756"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3757"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla de proſpera fortuna ex Aristotelis dictis adſcribuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3758"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3758"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM de fato diſputatum eſt quantum vis humani ingenij fert, & illi adnexis fortu<lb></lb>na & caſu; conſequens eſt <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan>, vt aliqua dicamus de bona & mala fortuna; ſit'ne, & quid'nam <lb></lb>ſit; <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo Philoſophi <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> ſtudeamus explanare: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> admodùm clara eſt, licèt <lb></lb>ipſe non ſemel eius <expan abbr="explicationẽ">explicationem</expan> aggreſſus fuerit. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ea conſideratio potius ad moralem, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad naturalem <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> pertinere videatur; valde <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conducit ad <expan abbr="humanã">humanam</expan> beatitudinem; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>inibi ſedulò habita (nam liber ille qui inſcribitur de bona fortuna è duobus fragmentis de Magnis <lb></lb>moralibus, & Eudemiis ineptè <expan abbr="cõſarcinatus">conſarcinatus</expan> eſt) tamen propter magnam <expan abbr="affinitatẽ">affinitatem</expan> quam habet cum <lb></lb>iis quæ de neceſſarò & <expan abbr="cõtingente">contingente</expan> dicta ſunt, & quia principiis naturalibus aſsignatur, non videtur <lb></lb>inuoluendum eſſe ſilentio. </s> <s>Communi ergo <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſenſu <expan abbr="receptũ">receptum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> eſſe bene maleúe fortu<lb></lb>natos, ita vt illis, quicquid agant, ſemper in bonum cedat; his contrà in malum, quinetiam nonnulli <lb></lb>ad aliquid <expan abbr="agẽdum">agendum</expan> à <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> animi impetu <expan abbr="cõpellantur">compellantur</expan> quod plurimum è voto ſuccedat, aut etiam <lb></lb>quo optato fine fruſtrentur; agantur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab animi impetu per appetitum, nullo rationis diſcurſu <lb></lb>præcedente, nec vllius certę cauſſæ interuentu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id plurimum: nam ab eo quod rarò euenit, de<lb></lb>nominatio peti non ſolet. </s> <s>Tales autem multos, ne dixerim omnes, eſſe compertum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> etiam <lb></lb>conſpicuum eſſe bonam malamúe fortunam. </s> <s>Quare cauſſę talium euentorum veſtigandæ quę <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3759"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>effectibus fuere cognomines. </s> <s>etenim & effectus ipſi & cauſſæ nominibus bonæ malæ'ne fortunę de<lb></lb>corantur. </s> <s>Hæc à dęmone bono vel malo proficiſci multi cenſuere; redarguit eos Ariſt. </s> <s>cùm veriſi<lb></lb>mile ſit Deum eſſe <expan abbr="iuſtũ">iuſtum</expan>, & <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> tribuere quod ſuum eſt; ſæpe <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eueniat, vt rudes, ſtolidi, & te<lb></lb>merarij ſummis bonis potiantur; prudentes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſapientes, & docti <expan abbr="cõtinuis">continuis</expan> infortuniis <expan abbr="afflictẽtur">afflictentur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Præterquàm quae fas non eſt Deum habere <expan abbr="curã">curam</expan> malorum, negligere autem bonos. </s> <s>Multò minus hęc <lb></lb>Deo illi O. M. tribui <expan abbr="debẽt">debent</expan>, cuius cogitationes in ſeipſo <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> <expan abbr="vertunt̃">vertuntur</expan>, Ariſt. </s> <s>auctore, ni fallor. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem huiuſmodi <expan abbr="euentorũ">euentorum</expan> cauſſa natura, aut anima, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="propẽſio">propenſio</expan> corporis, aut aliqua cauſ<lb></lb>ſa indeterminata. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò habenda eſt cauſſa aliqua infinita rebus his auctor & caput; quandò <lb></lb>ea rarò <expan abbr="operat̃">operatur</expan>, in iis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quos bene maléue fortunatos dicimus, <expan abbr="frequẽtia">frequentia</expan> ſunt & propè perpetua ſeu <lb></lb>bona, ſeu mala ſint, euenta conſimilia. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam eam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> facilè perſuade<lb></lb>bit, quòd natura ſemper, plurimumúe efficit: atqui <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> humanarum actionum ſunt varij ſucceſſus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in ſingulis tenor idem ſeruatur. </s> <s>Dices fortè particularem <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſe cauſſam <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſucceſſuum; <lb></lb>ea verò talis eſt priuilegio materiæ, vtputa, temperamenti. </s> <s>At id defendi non poteſt: quando inter<lb></lb>cedit opera appetitus, & bruti præſertim; nam voluntas eſt cum ratione; ea verò præter rationem <pb pagenum="636"></pb>ſuccedunt: quae ſi ab appetitu proficiſcuntur; cùm ſæpè feratur in <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan>, ex malis verò principiis ple<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3760"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="runq.">runque</expan> mala effecta naſcantur; nulla cauſſa certè videtur, cur frequentius bene agere <expan abbr="cõtingat">contingat</expan>. </s> <s>Reſtat <lb></lb>igitur vt videamus, an ab ea animi parte fiant quæ diuina eſt in nobis. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſiue id ex corpore <lb></lb>exiſtat, ſiue ex animo, inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>eos <expan abbr="perperã">perperam</expan> bene maléue fortunatos dici, ſed <expan abbr="poti9">potius</expan> bona maláue <lb></lb>natura præditi appellabuntur. </s> <s>Mitto quòd ſi diuina, non aberrabit; ſed ſemper in bonum diriget: <lb></lb>mala <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fortuna frequentior eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> bona. </s> <s>Quamobrem res hæc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine cauſſa difficilis <expan abbr="habẽda">habenda</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Huius nodi ſolutio talis eſt mea ſententia. </s> <s>Bonam <expan abbr="malamq́">malamque</expan>. </s> <s>fortunam eſſe <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> ambiguam, & in <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> perperam <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſignificato vſurpari. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> bona maláue fortuna quæ fortunæ ſpecies eſt acce<lb></lb>dente differentia magnitudinis, aut frequentiæ <expan abbr="ſucceſsũ">ſucceſsum</expan>, quæ planè eſt ex cauſſa infinita, & peracci<lb></lb>dens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc propriè <foreign lang="grc">εὐτυχὶα & δυστυχὶα</foreign> nominatur; altera eſt ex impetu interno, & hæc <foreign lang="grc">κατα<lb></lb>χρηστικῶς</foreign>, & impropriè ſic <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan>, & ob id potiſsimè, quia ſit cauſſa præter <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, & nobis ignota. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare cum verè fortuna præter <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> efficiat, & nobis ignota ſit; fallacia conſequentis plerique <lb></lb>homines decepti hanc etiam fortunę <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> expreſſerunt, rectius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diceretur <foreign lang="grc">εὐφυία</foreign>, & illi oppoſita <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">κακοφυία</foreign>, bona <expan abbr="malaq́">malaque</expan>. </s> <s>indoles, à qua etiam ignari <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> trahimur ad aliquid agendum: <lb></lb>certior hæc eſt, & plurimùm præſtat <expan abbr="cõſimiles">conſimiles</expan> exitus rerum; rarior illa, & magis infinita. </s> <s>Sed cùm <lb></lb>ſit hæc poſterior ex impetu interno, non ſit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> impetus corporis, nec appetitus ſolius; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3761"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rationis; profectò partis eius eſſe cenſebitur quæ ratione excedit, ea verò mens eſt. </s> <s>At cùm mentis <lb></lb>ſit ratio duplex; altera quę cum ratione eſt, & cum ſenſitrice facultate coniuncta <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> cauſſas ſpecu<lb></lb>latur; altera quæ verſatur in apprehenſione <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan>. </s> <s>ea verò ſunt è duplici ordine verum, & bo<lb></lb>num. </s> <s>& quæ reſpicit verum proprio nomine contemplans nominatur. </s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> bonum, practica: <lb></lb>quia ſine ratione efficiuntur ea quæ tribuimus bene fortunatis. </s> <s>de altera illa mente nobis agendum <lb></lb>eſt quæ inclinatur ad bonum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem practica, non ſpeculante. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> id <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>, <lb></lb>quae ſuopte nixu ferantur in verum quod eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="cõtemplationis">contemplationis</expan>, & <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> quod eſt principium <lb></lb>actionis, niſi contagione corporis, & appetitus obcęcentur. </s> <s>Hoc illis eſt ingenitum, & ab earum na<lb></lb>tiua propenſione deriuatur, non aliunde contrahitur, nec opera præceptoris accedens, nec ſtudio <expan abbr="cõ-parata">con<lb></lb>parata</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> appulſu ad proprium obiectum exorta. </s> <s>Proinde ex natura <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt non ſanè cor<lb></lb>poris, ſed animi. </s> <s>Nunc animus noſter ſiue <expan abbr="cõtemplans">contemplans</expan>, ſeu practicus ob naturæ <expan abbr="pręſtantiã">pręſtantiam</expan> imperat <lb></lb>appetitui & corpori; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cùm ſit corpori obligatus, ab eius ſocietate, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> <expan abbr="virtutũ">virtutum</expan>, quales <lb></lb>ſunt bruti appetitus, ſe duci <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan>, & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> nunquàm ſine appetitu concitatur ad agendum; nihilo<lb></lb>minus agendo imperat illi, vel cedit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ex eius naturæ conditione. </s> <s>Quando igitur cùm <lb></lb>appetitus imperio inclinatur ad <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>; ſequitur, vt bene agat, & cuncta illi proſperè ſuccedant, nec <lb></lb>ſanè quae bona fortunæ conſequatur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc eſt bene agere & <foreign lang="grc">εὖ πράττειν</foreign>, quod vult Ariſt. </s> <s>nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3762"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illa in naturæ principiis poſita ſunt, ſed ex cauſſa incerta pendent, & cœca; verùm vt id agat ſine <lb></lb>conſilio, quod bene conſultans ageret: contrà, ſi nutui appetitus obtemperat; illi eueniant quę ma<lb></lb>lè ratiocinanti ſolent ſuccedere. </s> <s>Simile <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt illi quod dicitur. </s> <s>Fortunam artis eſſe pediſſequam, <lb></lb>de qua re ſuprà, niſi quae ars cum ratione bona, <foreign lang="grc">ἀτεχνια</foreign> cùm mala operantur; hîc purus mentis àp<lb></lb>pulſus ad <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan>. </s> <s>Hęc illa portio diuina, hic ille Deus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>dictus, qui facit in nobis motus, & <lb></lb>verè Dei verus imitator contendit ad bonum: multò magis quandò <expan abbr="cõtendit">contendit</expan> ad verum, qui etiam <lb></lb>in furioſis & atra bile affectis propter motum corporis turbulentum, <expan abbr="variasq́">variasque</expan>. </s> <s>formarum oblationes <lb></lb>ſe continere nequit, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in diuerſa rapidiſsimè fertur: quare cogitatione <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in futura extenditur, & <lb></lb>agitationes in corpore admirabiles efficit, qualia de Maraco, & Hercule <expan abbr="cõmemorat">commemorat</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>Cętera <lb></lb>dicimus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> caſus eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> fortunæ, ſi Perapeticè loqui volumus. </s> <s>Sed iam ſatis de ſato, ad reliqua <lb></lb>mox quæ de ortus cauſsis ſuperſunt exquirenda, veniamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3759"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3760"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3761"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3762"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An à diuerſis ordinis eiuſdem cauſſis proximis idem naſci poſſit effectus, an alius ex aliis, & com<lb></lb>plura argumenta ad alteram partem problematis afferuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3763"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3763"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PERTINET ad ea quæ de ortu diſſeruntur, & id tractare diligenter; idem'ne effectus à diuer<lb></lb>ſis cauſsis effici queat, vt à diuerſis efficientibus, aut ex diuerſa materia, an <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> cauſſæ ſin<lb></lb>guli reſpondeant effectus, vt idem non exiſtat qui ex me & te ſit futurus. </s> <s>Cùm verò idem ſit vel ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, vel ad numerum, quod ſanè ad hanc poſteriorem quæſtionis inſtituræ <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> ſpectat, & facile <lb></lb>eſt, & breuibus explicari poteſt, ſed illud controuerſum magis, quod ſpeciei <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> tangit pro<lb></lb>ptereà quæ gignuntur ex putri, & opera Chymiſtarum. </s> <s>Chimiſtas ego voco, quae meminerim me le<lb></lb>giſſe apud M. Polum Venetum Scythas profiteri treis arteis Limian, Simian, & Chymian; pertinet <lb></lb>illa ad amores, altera ad adſpectum <expan abbr="decipiẽdum">decipiendum</expan>, tertia ad <expan abbr="immutationẽ">immutationem</expan> metallorum; tametſi in his <lb></lb>appellationibus potuerunt imitari Græcos; quaſi Limia deducta ſit à lamiis, quæ erant veneficæ <lb></lb>mulieres, ea verò Gręcorum vox eſt; altera <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τοῦ συμμύειν</foreign>, quod eſt conniuere & ſimulare ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>adſpicere, ac permittere ſe decipi, tertia <foreign lang="grc">ἀτπὸ τῆς χύσεως</foreign>, quæ eſt fuſio, ſatis apta vox ad <expan abbr="exprimẽ-dã">exprimen<lb></lb>dam</expan> affectionem metallorum. </s> <s>Sed his omiſsis, magna lis exorta eſt inter philoſophos, dum rerum <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſpeculantur; ſit'ne idem <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan> quod natura produxit, & quod aëre effectum eſt, inter medi<lb></lb>cos etiam, ne forte <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit in medicamentis vſus auri naturalis. </s> <s>Atque factitij, & inter Theologos, ne </s></p> <pb pagenum="637"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3764"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fraus afferat animo interitum. </s> <s>Sed cùm ea quæ tractantur in illa quæſtione, multa ſpecialia de me<lb></lb>tallorum notitia deſiderent, quæ nos ob eiuſmodi rerum <expan abbr="imperitiã">imperitiam</expan> fugiunt, vel aptiore loco ſunt ex<lb></lb>plicanda, quod methodi præſentis eſſe <expan abbr="videbit̃">videbitur</expan>, cauſſas generales perquiremus, & eas tantum ratio<lb></lb>nes ponderabimus quæ ex principiis <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> in <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> explicatione verſamur, deducta fuerunt, <lb></lb>quorum magna pars <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan> etiam <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad genita ex putri, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ij multa diſſeruerunt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>Auerrois <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> ſequi placuit, ſed fortè, dum nimis eius ſtudioſi ſunt, ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſententia diſceſ<lb></lb>ſerunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt rem breuiter doceamus; primùm perſpicere libet; idem'ne effectus, & vnus ad nu<lb></lb>merum à pluribus cauſsis numero, & loco ſeparatis effici queat, & cùm hæc quæſtiuncula duo <expan abbr="mẽ-bra">men<lb></lb>bra</expan> complectatur; an'ne idem effectus à diuerſis cauſsis proximis ordinis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, velut à Sole (tunc <lb></lb>enim Sol obtinet vim cauſſæ propinquę) & <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> effici poſsit, aut à Socrate & Platone: vel eſto, quae <lb></lb>hoc nunc, & hîc effectum fuerit; an'ne aliàs & alibi, aut ab eiſdem, aut à diuerſis cauſsis proficiſci <lb></lb>potuerit: <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> membra vnica propemodum ratione conabimur expedire. </s> <s>Ea verò petenda eſt ex <lb></lb>his quę multò antè confecta ſunt de natura motus. </s> <s>ſiquidem actio pendeat ab agente, cùm ſit qui<lb></lb>dam actus eius ſecundus, vt à quo. </s> <s>Sed vnus actus vnius ſuppoſiti, quod eſt vnum per <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> formam; <lb></lb>vnà <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> forma vnius eſt materiæ duntaxat: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eundem forma ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> informare di<lb></lb>uerſas materias, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vnà, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſucceſsiuè, quae forma vna ad numerum vna materia <expan abbr="determinat̃">determinatur</expan>, quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3765"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vna ad numerum eſt, vel per continuationem, vt in animo carentib. vel per connexionem, vt in ani<lb></lb>matis: nam cùm per ſeipſam fuerit vna forma ſecundùm <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, accepta à materia fit vna ad <expan abbr="nu-merũ">nu<lb></lb>merum</expan>, & plures pro multitudine <expan abbr="portionũ">portionum</expan> materiæ, quæ accipiunt illam. </s> <s>Deinde ea quæ eſt actio, <lb></lb>vt ad agens, eſt in patiente paſsio; eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modo paſsio eſt vna pro ratione ſuppoſiti. </s> <s>Cùm igi<lb></lb>tur motus, & <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei productio poſita ſit in actione & paſsione: ergo vnus motus ab vno mo<lb></lb>uente, & mobilis vnius; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> etiam producentis vnius vna productio, necnon vnius, quod produ<lb></lb>citur. </s> <s>Quapropter cùm ſtatueret Ariſt. </s> <s>quínam foret vnus ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> motus; hęc requiri docebat, <lb></lb>quae vnus eſſet motor, & mobile <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, quæ ſanè <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> cauſſæ motum vnum conſtituebant, ſed prætereà <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à ſigno vnum tempus in eo poni volebat. </s> <s>Adde hoc. </s> <s>Cùm motus à forma, non, niſi ratione <lb></lb>diſtinguatur, quia motus præſefert vim & ſpecimen fluxus, forma terminum quendam ſignificat, <lb></lb>nihilominus continet veluti partes ea quę per motum comparata fuerunt; ideò quoque vbi motus <lb></lb>vnus & forma item, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> vnum ſit oportet. </s> <s>Ex his igitur <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimul, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> diuerſis tempori<lb></lb>bus vna actio poteſt exiſtere in diuerſis ſuppoſitis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vnus effectus ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> è pluribus cauſsis <lb></lb>numero <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> differentibus emanare. </s> <s>Verùm poſsit'ne à pluribus cauſsis proximis vnus effectus <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> produci, res eſt ad <expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan> difficilis: conabor <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in hoc placito Ariſtotelem imitari, <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> poſſum. </s> <s>Cùm primis id diſtinguendum, quod habet cauſſas, cùm ſit ſubſtantia, vel accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3766"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>De accidente primùm ea profitebor, nihil obſtare; quominus idem accidens à diuerſis ſpecie cauſ<lb></lb>ſis propagari poſsit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> valetudo ab arte & caſu pręſtari poteſt, & à natura: natura <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="mor-borũ">mor<lb></lb>borum</expan> medicatrix eſt, & artifex medetur, & error affert <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan> valetudinem, & caſus item, vt de Iaſo<lb></lb>ne Phęręo fertur, qui deſperatus à medicis, in prœlium ſe coiiciens curatus fuit vomica ab hoſte qui <lb></lb>pilo pectus eius aperuit, necnon Cato, qui in prælio contra Cimbros, in quo multa hoſtium millia <lb></lb>ceciderunt, quartana pugnans liberatus eſt. </s> <s>Et Sol eliquat ceram, & ignis eliquat. </s> <s>Proptereà facilè <lb></lb>inducor; ne dixerim me <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dubitare, vt idem accidens à diuerſis cauſsis produci valeat. </s> <s>Veniamus <lb></lb>ad ſubſtantias. </s> <s>Et mihi libet hîc ſectari philoſophos qui de forma, & eſſentia rerum iudicium fieri <lb></lb>volunt ex functionibus <expan abbr="itaq̨">itaque</expan> & ex <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> conditionibus ſolent formarum gradus colligere <expan abbr="ſpectãtes">ſpectantes</expan>, <lb></lb>vel actionis <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan>, quae ſit, vtputa, materiata, vel extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> poſita, vel durationem; quippe quae æter<lb></lb>num non æterno perfectius eſſe videatur, vel medium, vt quae princeps, aut miniſtra; ſimplex, aut com<lb></lb>poſita, naturalis, aut non naturalis, & <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>; veluti quae caloris actio qualitate terminetur, aut ad <expan abbr="ſub-ſtantiã">ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> procedat. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> &, vbi erit actio differens, habebitur iudicium diſcriminis, quod eſt <lb></lb>in forma: quare vbi <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> functio, formam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eandem eſſe facilè crediderim. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ignis <lb></lb>ex ſilice excuſus <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> præſtet, quę naturalis, & aſcendat, & vrat, & luceat, & poſtquàm extinctus eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3767"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturalis; alter ille ſubrogatus eadem officia tueatur. </s> <s>quin etiam cùm fiat aër ab aqua corrumpen<lb></lb>te <expan abbr="ſiccitatẽ">ſiccitatem</expan> ignis, & ab igni ſuperante frigus aquæ, patet & in natura <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> ſpeciem ex diuerſis effi<lb></lb>cientibus; addo etiam materiebus effici, modò non ſint vltimæ, ſimiliter obſeruamus multiplicari <lb></lb>myrtulos ex adiecta materia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> necnon <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> plantas variis oriri modis, vt ex ſemine, ex talea, per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3768"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aſplantationem, per adnationem, & ſiqui ſunt alij.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3764"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3765"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3766"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3767"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3768"></margin.target>a 5. de hiſt. <lb></lb>an. c. 15. 3. <lb></lb><lb></lb>de Ge. an. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 11. <lb></lb><lb></lb>P. m. </s> <s>lib. 9. <lb></lb>c. 36.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quin & caudicibus ſectis (mirabile dictu)</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Truditur è ſicco radix oleagina ligno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>negare non audebo, quin eadem ſpecies <lb></lb><expan abbr="efficiat̃">efficiatur</expan> à natura, & ab aliis cauſsis in genere ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>At verò ad modùm ſimilis eſt, non eadem. <lb></lb></s> <s>quis mihi, aut <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> perſuadet? </s> <s>Etenim videtur in primis ea regula ſatis fallax, & iudicium periculo<lb></lb>ſum, vt ex functionibus formæ dignoſcantur, & ſępè cùm mihi ex actionibus <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> probare <lb></lb>volueris; eandem ego prorſus eſſe negabo, ſed dicam planè eſſe <expan abbr="cõſimilem">conſimilem</expan>. </s> <s>Atqui opponam <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>inquies, addam teſtimonia Philoſophi, quibus tibi <expan abbr="cõfirmem">confirmem</expan> has eſſe ſpecies natura diſtinctas. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ab actione <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> non ſufficiat, experiamur quid & <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> & auctoritates <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="aſſeclarũ">aſſeclarum</expan> <lb></lb>Auerrois argumenta. </s> <s>Mitto nunc quae omnes ſpecies, quod voluit Auicenna, poſsint ex putri fieri <pb pagenum="638"></pb>ſimul, & ex ſemine, non ignarus ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cauſſam reddi, cur animalia quædam è putri gigni non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3769"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3770"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſsint, ſed id ſpecto nunc: eſto quae fiat aliqua ſpecies, vt mus, & ex ſemine ex putri ſit'ne eadem ſpe<lb></lb>cies; an ſimilis. </s> <s>Tu eandem non eſſe probas ita diſſerens. </s> <s>Primùm, quia forma & materia ſe viciſ<lb></lb>ſim reſpiciunt, vna igitur immutata <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> immutari oportet. </s> <s>Et cùm materia ſit pars <expan abbr="eſsẽtię">eſsentię</expan>, <lb></lb>mutata materia cum illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> mutari fatebimur. </s> <s>Quare dicetur ambiguè mus per <expan abbr="propa-gationẽ">propa<lb></lb>gationem</expan> genitus cum eo, qui ſit ortus ex putri. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> effectus ex cętera cauſſa pendet; qua<lb></lb>propter ſcientiæ, & demonſtrationi ſubiicitur. </s> <s>at hîc vnus eſſet effectus, nec tamen cauſſa certa, quia <lb></lb>non ſolùm ex ſemine ortum ducit, ſed ex putri. </s> <s>non ergo licet inferre cauſſam propriam, ex qua ſit <lb></lb>aptus iſte effectus. </s> <s>Ne igitur hoc ſequatur quod abſurdum eſt, confitebimur ea quorum non eſt <expan abbr="ea-dẽ">ea<lb></lb>dem</expan> generatio, non eſſe eadem. </s> <s>Tertiò naturale & non naturale ſpecie diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>Orta ex putri <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturalia ſunt; orta ex parentibus ſunt naturalia: ſecum ergo ſpecie diſterunt: illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rarò fiunt; <lb></lb>hęc verò plurimum. </s> <s>Tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> natura nihil fruſtra molitur, nec quod ſuperuacaneum ſit. </s> <s>Si igitur <lb></lb>vnus ex his modis generationis ſufficit ad ſpeciem <expan abbr="conſeruandã">conſeruandam</expan>; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> profectò; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> profectò cauſſa vlla fuit, cur <lb></lb>natura duplicem modum in muris generatione vellet adhiberi, & tam fuiſſe de hoc vno ſollicita, <lb></lb>vt nihil aliud æquè curare voluiſſe videatur; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>tot machinis & ingeniis eius conſeruationi <expan abbr="cõ-ſuluerit">con<lb></lb>ſuluerit</expan>, perinde ac rueret cęlum, ſi ſpecies murium fortè deficeret. </s> <s>Quinto vbi termini motus dif<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3771"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ferunt; differunt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mutationes, vbi mutationes, & res quæ fiunt per illas. </s> <s>Sed in his quę oriun<lb></lb>tur ex putri, & quæ ex ſemine propagatur; termini ſpecie differunt: ergo & mutationes, & proin<lb></lb>de effectus: nam ſemen non eſt <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> rationis cum materia putri. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ad hæc reſpondeas, ſat <lb></lb>eſſe, ſi terminus ad quem ſit vnus, quae hoc ipſo res efficienda determinatur: atqui, inquam, terminus <lb></lb>à quo, & terminus ad quem contrarij ſunt: efficietur igitur, vt vni duo contraria ſint. </s> <s>Quin etiam <lb></lb>ſi forma cognoſcitur ex operatione, nec eſt eadem <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> muris operatio; nec igitur eadem forma. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non eſſe verò eandem operationem liquet ex eo, quae ille qui ortus eſt ex putri, non gignit ſimile, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ille qui ex ſemine. </s> <s>Poſtremò, ſi quod genitum eſt ex putri eſſet <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ſpeciei cum <lb></lb>altero, haberet eundem generationis modum: atqui non habet, nec <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> igitur eſt ſpeciei. </s> <s>Adde<lb></lb>bat item Philoſophus <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ea quæ generantur ex putri, non poſſe gignere aliud: etenim vel eſſet <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3772"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>generis cum illo, vel alterius: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè eiuſdem, quae ſic etiam genitum fuiſſe oporteret illud primum: <lb></lb>non alterius, quia ſic fieret progreſſus in infinitum; id autem maximè oppugnat naturam quæ ſem<lb></lb>per tendit ad finem. </s> <s>Ergo non idem genus; nec igitur eadem ratio, neque ſpecies eadem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3769"></margin.target>a 10 ſect. <lb></lb></s> <s>probl. 15. <lb></lb>64.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3770"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3771"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3772"></margin.target>b 1. de Ge. <lb></lb>anim. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Defenditur altera pars problematis, & diluuntur eę rationes quibus concludebatur eundem <lb></lb>effectum à diuerſis cauſſis naſci non poſſe. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3773"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3773"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC ſunt propemodum quæ in medio ſectatores Auerrois afferunt, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> mehercules pon<lb></lb>dus eſt maximum, ſed non eiuſmodi tamen, vt à forti Peripaterico ſuſtineri non poſsit. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>propter experiamur vires noſtras, & opponamus propugnacula <expan abbr="quotũ">quotum</expan> ope tantos ictus eludere va<lb></lb>leat vnius ſectator Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Quod igitur pertinet ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> obiectionem. </s> <s>Scire conuenit <expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan> non eſſe vniuſmodi, ſed <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> remotam, aliam verò proximam; proxima eſt quę nulla mutatio<lb></lb>ne indiget amplius; verùm proximè ex ea forma <expan abbr="excudit̃">excuditur</expan>: remota indiget ádhuc aliqua mutatione. <lb></lb></s> <s>Porrò mutatio materiæ <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> ad hęc capita referri ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="transfigurationẽ">transfigurationem</expan>, <expan abbr="appoſitionẽ">appoſitionem</expan>, <expan abbr="oblationẽ">oblationem</expan>, <arrow.to.target n="marg3774"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> mutationib. apparet <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> materiæ remotæ; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>altera <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> remanet vniuerſa in re, quę fit; altera verò <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ex parte, <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> dici volumus <expan abbr="immi-nentẽ">immi<lb></lb>nentem</expan>; <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> vocamus <expan abbr="tranſeuntẽ">tranſeuntem</expan>. </s> <s>Ea ſanè <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> permaner, non niſi vna eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quæ per varios gradus <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> forma <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>: <expan abbr="tranſeuntẽ">tranſeuntem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="variã">variam</expan> non inconuenit, vt conſtat in cibis: etenim ex pa<lb></lb>ne non minus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex carne fit ſanguis, <expan abbr="attñ">attamen</expan>, & ſi tranſiens eſt varia, retinet nihilominus in ſe partem <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſibi ſit cum altera materia <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, veluti ſi architectus extruere velit domum <expan abbr="regiã">regiam</expan> è lapidibus <lb></lb>& habeat in promptu multas priuatorum domunculas, ædiculas & tabernas, ſed & maiore ex parte <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3775"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lateritias cum paucis lapidibus ipſe ſibi materiam parat hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>; veruntamen nihil aliud accipit ex <lb></lb>illis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> lapides; ita natura terram productura facit ex <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan>, equo & lapide eam .ſ. </s> <s>partem ſibi terræ <lb></lb>ſumens, quæ continetur in ipſis, illa <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſunt materia tranſiens; ibi lapis, hîc homo, & quod eſt terra <lb></lb>virtute, eſt materia proxima. </s> <s>Quamobrem ex multis <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò variis materiis remotis idem fieri <lb></lb>contingit, quae in illis <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ineſt aliqua pars quæ fungitur officio materiæ proximę, ſic euenit in <lb></lb>alimento. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ea, quæ fiunt ex putri. </s> <s>fiant per ſecretionem partis dulcis ab amara, & in vte<lb></lb>ro etiam <expan abbr="mẽſtruus">menſtruus</expan> ſanguis ſit ex ſecretione dulcium ab amaris; natura ſibi ſumente dulcem <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, <lb></lb>& relinquente amaram, dicam ipſe <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> partem dulcem in vtero, & putri materia contineri: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vt <lb></lb>ex ea parte fit animal in vtero, ſic extra <expan abbr="vterũ">vterum</expan> ex parte conſimili fieri poſſe. </s> <s>Ergo & diuerſæ mate<lb></lb>riæ ad vnam rem conſtituendam concurrere poſſunt, ſi fuerint tranſeuntes, & cum eìuſdem generis <lb></lb>materiæ portionem contineant, ex qua forma exiſtit, eadem ſpecies conſeruabitur, ac ſi materia ſit <lb></lb>accipienda, velut eſſentiæ pars in definitione; efficietur, vt adhuc vniuocatio ſeruari poſsit eadem <lb></lb>materia retenta, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ea quæ ſubiectum proximum generationis eſt, ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> nihil attinet, ſed <lb></lb>eſt ſubſtantiæ pars, vt exiſtentiæ. </s> <s>Reſpondeo verò ad ſecundùm non omnes effectus ad <expan abbr="quancunq.">quancunque</expan> <pb pagenum="639"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3776"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſam relatos, & <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ex ea neceſſariò pendere, ſed ex proximis tantùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex pro<lb></lb>ximis ſimpliciter, ſed quæ ſint vltimæ ſecundùm rationem: proptereà non ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> cauſſa fit ſcientia <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſed nonnunquàm ipſius quòd eſt. </s> <s>Idcirco ſi non pendet ex vlla ex iis materiebus quod <lb></lb>naſcitur ex putri; non tollitur, quin pendeat ex ea proxima, quæ communiter in <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> continetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic verò ad tertium reſpondere poſſumus eſſe ſecundùm, vel præter naturam non eſſe differentias, <lb></lb>quæ faciant ſpecie differre; ſed rerum modos, qui etiam circum eandem eſſentiam conuerti <expan abbr="poſsũt">poſsunt</expan>, <lb></lb>vt enim aſcenſus eſt & ſecundùm & præter naturam, ſic & quod contingit in aliis, ſi in hoc ipſo po<lb></lb>natur; abſurdum videri non debet. </s> <s>Igitur, quòd rarò ſic fiat, aliter frequentiſsimè ſpeciei varieta<lb></lb>tem non efficit, <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> non attingens. </s> <s>Quartum verò tollimus <expan abbr="admonẽtes">admonentes</expan> quicquid fit in natura, <lb></lb>non ſemper fieri conſultò, ſed nonnulla fiunt ex neceſsitate materiæ, quædam ſunt adhærentia, ca<lb></lb>ſu alia, & mala <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſunt in natura. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ea quæ fiunt ex putri, ſint caſu, ſunt quidem in <lb></lb>natura, vel à natura; neutiquàm verò ex conſilio naturæ. </s> <s>Naturam verò dicimus, dum conſultò <lb></lb>facit, nihil producere ſuperuacanei, at quae aliquid ſuperfluum fit in natura, vt ſextus digitus, haud <lb></lb>fieri non poteſt, ſic ergo euenit in rem noſtram. </s> <s>Ad pellendam verò quintam dubitationem; par<lb></lb>tim pateſecimus aditum, cùm doceremus, quemadmodum elementa medîa ad vnum <expan abbr="eundemq́ue">eundemque</expan> <lb></lb>terminum ferrentur, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>loco conſiſterent, tametſi à diuerſis terminis eò mouerentur. </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3777"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>docuimus ibi fieri poſſe, vt vnus re terminus, atque vna forma complectatur plures habitudines; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>reſpiciat diuerſos terminos. </s> <s>ſic medium fit ex extremis & virtus ex diuerſis vitiis efficitur, <lb></lb>& contrà è virtute vitia & extrema de medio. </s> <s>accidit etiam, ſi rem diligenter aduertas, vt in vna for<lb></lb>ma ſit quædam ratio communis, quæ pertineat ad plures materias; veluti cùm fit æquale ex inæ<lb></lb>quali, quod maius minuſúe eſſe poteſt, aut viciſsim maius & minus ex æquali. </s> <s>ſiquidem conueniat <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> vt ſint æqualis priuatio. </s> <s>Dicam igitur in illis materiis remotis <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> quandam materiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan>, in qua ſit priuatio formæ futuræ; velut in æquali priuatio maioris & minoris; nec com<lb></lb>munem quidem ratione prædicationis, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> proxima non eſſet, qualem nos in præſentia conſtitui<lb></lb>mus, ſed remotior, & adhuc per aliquas differentias reſtringenda; verùm ratione partitionis, quia <lb></lb>ſcilicet plures eiuſdem materiæ portiones, ideſt, eius, cuius vnica ſit ratio, diſperſæ ſint per illas ma<lb></lb>terias remotas. </s> <s>ſic ex carne & pane fit ſanguis, & è menſtruo <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eo dulci quod intra ſe habet ma<lb></lb>teria putris, efficiturmus. </s> <s>Nec inde conſequuntur ea quæ Auerrois aſſecla obiiceret; nimirùm mu<lb></lb>tationes eſſe differentes, quia termini varij ſint, ſiquidem illa materia, quæ fortis eiuſdem eſſe per<lb></lb>hibetur ſubuariis formis, eſt ſubiectum eius mutationis proximum, & ea quę in ipſa ineſt priuatio, <lb></lb>conſtituit <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> à quo rationis vnius, cuius merito determinatur vna forma, & vna ſpecies dun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3778"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>taxat: reliqua ſunt ſubiecta ſecunda & remota vnde mutationis ratio non accipitur, quia nec oppo<lb></lb>ſitionis: quare termini à quibus ſpecie non differunt, licèt ſint in diuerſis ſubiectis, quia comprehen<lb></lb>ditur in illis materia quædam proxima in qua eſt certa formę futuræ priuatio, ex qua efficitur vnus <lb></lb>terminus à quo, quem opponi dicimus vni termino ad quem, ſpecies illę diuerſæ, in quibus hæc <lb></lb>materia proxima continetur, non opponuntur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vnum tantum vni opponitur, non multis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Qui ſexto argumento vtatur, exiſtimari poſsit noſtro nos gladio iugulare, qui antè acceperimus ex <lb></lb>operationibus dignoſci formas, ſed audiat etiam nos hîc eadem fuſius declarantes. </s> <s>Operatio, quæ <lb></lb>Græcè dicitur <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign>, complectitur autem non minus patibilem, quàm actuoſam; proptereà cla<lb></lb>rius proprietas, vel paſsio diceretur. </s> <s>Omnis <expan abbr="inq̃">inquam</expan> operatio vel paſsio, vel proprietas, vel ſequitur for<lb></lb>mam, vel materiam; neque ſanè materiam ſolam: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe ineſt in materia nuda, ſed eſt ſola <lb></lb>poteſtas, aut ad ſummum ponitur in ea priuatio; verùm ſic ſequitur materiam, quia potiſsimè na<lb></lb>ſcitur ab ipſa, veluti rubigo in ferro eſt paſsio materiæ; grauitas, denſitas, durities, inſequuntur for<lb></lb>mam. </s> <s>Dico igitur ex operationibus ſignificari & diſtingui formas, ſi fuerint operationes ex eo ge<lb></lb>nere ſolùm, & quod formam conſequatur, & ſecundùm naturam ſimpliciter; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm operatio <lb></lb>per quam ea quæ ex putri, ſeparantur ab iis quæ oriuntur ex ſemine, ſequatur materiam, non for<lb></lb>mam (poſitum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc ſit, quod poſteà magis intelligetur) igitur èx ea varietate varietas eſſentię <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3779"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concludetur. </s> <s>Sed video te hîc inſiſtere & opponere generare eſſe opus formę, nempè animæ alen<lb></lb>tis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius quidem, vbi fuerit abſoluta, atque perfecta. </s> <s>Do id quidem, ſed non generare ſimile, <lb></lb>quod proprium eſt eorum quæ gignuntur ex putri, pendet ex materia; quippe quòd propter ma<lb></lb>teriam denegetur illis ea facultas: nam forma eſt affecta præter naturam ex vitio materiæ. </s> <s>Quocir<lb></lb>ca forma conſeruatur eadem, quanuis deficiat ea vis; veluti in androgyno; habet enim formam <lb></lb>plantæ, & animalis, & hominis; neque generat tamen, quae forma eſt affecta præter naturam, ſed vi<lb></lb>tium materia fecit. </s> <s>Igitur ad argumentum. </s> <s>Illę operationes, quę ſunt ſecundùm formam, & ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam ipſius afferunt diſcrimen ipſi formæ; <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> vt ſignum, proinde cùm hęc operatio, <lb></lb>ſeu potius priuatio naſcatur ex materia; nec non ſit præter naturam formæ, ſpeciei mutationem <lb></lb>non arguet: vitium verò factum eſt ex inopia caloris, vnde mari vis mouendi materiam ſuppetere <lb></lb>non potuit, neque materia futura fœtus in fœmina apparari: vtraque enim officia calorem quen<lb></lb>dam exquiſitum flagitant, & cum ea moderatione; qualem propter locum & ambiens in <expan abbr="viuẽtibus">viuentibus</expan> <lb></lb>natura collocauit, ſub dio & extra viuentia preſtare non valuit, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> paſſa non eſt formas illas per<lb></lb>ſectiores, & quæ cum curæ maioris, tum longioris temporis indigeant, non niſi certis in locis & ex <pb pagenum="640"></pb>agente certo produci, & inconſtantes concurrentium cauſſarum viciſsitudines, quoad potuit, cona<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3780"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ta eſt euitare. </s> <s>Quia ſeptimum argumentum nititur verbis & auctoritate Ariſt. </s> <s>& aſſumit hoc <lb></lb>principium. </s> <s>Quæ non habent eandem generationem eiuſdem ſpeciei non eſſe; duplex munus eo<lb></lb>dem tempore faciemus; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aliquam lucem loco illi conabimur afferre, cui vel plus quàm par <lb></lb>ſit, vel minus tributum fuiſſe perſpicimus, & vnà diſſoluemus argumentum. </s> <s>Deluſit igitur philo<lb></lb>ſophos ambiguum, quod continetur in ea voce [genus] cùm putent omnes accipi ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ge<lb></lb>nus quod eſt pars eſſentiæ. </s> <s>Cęterùm non dicitur vno modo genus, & ne alia non idonea ſignifi<lb></lb>cato percenſeamus eius vocis: eſt genus quod ſignificat continuationem propagationis, vnde <foreign lang="grc">γεν<lb></lb>fαῖα</foreign> .i. </s> <s>generoſa, & <foreign lang="grc">εὐγενῆ</foreign> .i. </s> <s>boni generis (nobilia Latini vertunt) animalia dicuntur: prima illa <lb></lb>quidem, in quibus generis facultas, & vis conſeruatur, hoc eſt, auitum <expan abbr="tẽperamentum">temperamentum</expan>, & mores qui <lb></lb>tali temperamento comitantur. </s> <s>Generoſo opponitur degener, vbi temperamenti, <expan abbr="motumq́">motumque</expan>. </s> <s>muta<lb></lb>tio ſucccedat. </s> <s>Nobilia ſunt quorum maiora præſtantia fuerunt: ſi præſtantiam ſeruent; nobilia <lb></lb>ſunt ſimul & generoſa; ſi minus, nobilia quidem ſunt, ſed degenerarunt. </s> <s>Hoc genus poſitum eſt in <lb></lb>principiis materialibus generationis; quippe quae circum eandem ſubſtantiam mutantur; inde ſexus <lb></lb>diſcrimina ducuntur: itaque genus maris & fœminæ dicitur quæ ſunt differentiæ materie, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3781"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tentant eſſentiam. </s> <s>Huius igitur ſignificati genus ſeruari negat Ariſt. </s> <s>in genitis ex putri, quòd affe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3782"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cta ſit materia præter naturam, quia non ſeruatur huius ſignificati genus in parentibus. </s> <s>nullos enim <lb></lb>maiores conſimiles habent ante ſe, quemadmodum illa habent in quibus ponitur genus. </s> <s>Cùm hæc <lb></lb>ita ſint, ſi mutatur ratio generis in ſucceſſoribus quid vetabit, quominus in infinitum natura pro<lb></lb>grediatur immutans genus? </s> <s>nunquàm enim retineri poteſt generis eiuſdem ratio: vel enim retine<lb></lb>tur, vel abiicitur, nec retinetur quidem, quòd etiam maiores eodem modo natos eſſe oporteret <lb></lb>(ita enim generis huiuſce ratio poſtulat) at ſunt genita ex putri: non ergo retinetur: non abiicitur <lb></lb>autem, quia ſic mutatio generis abiret in infinitum, quae ſic in vnaquaque ſucceſsione mutatio fieret. <lb></lb></s> <s>ab hoc verò natura maximè abhorret: ergo huic <expan abbr="incõmodo">incommodo</expan> natura conſuluit vi propagandi ſublata. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nihil igitur hæc ad eſſentiæ principia, vt optimè vides. </s> <s>Quamobrem propoſitio falſa eſt. </s> <s>Quę non <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> eandem generationem, non ſunt eiuſdem ſpeciei: quia ſcilicet non ſint eiuſdem generis. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſunt eiuſdem ſpeciei, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis eiuſdem generis, ſi genus accipiatur illud commune, quod <lb></lb>prædicatur in quid eſt, ecquis audet ea negare eſſe animalia, vel plantas? </s> <s>non ſunt verò generis eiuſ<lb></lb>dem, quod ad anteceſsionem maiorum pertinet, ſed hoc nullam habet vim immutandi eſſentias, <lb></lb>cùm ducatur ex principiis rei materialibus nec habet affinitatem cum ratione, ſpecie & definitione. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fortè hoc loco nobis aduerſaberis mouens, ſi principia materialia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſeruentur, fore, vt nec eadem <lb></lb>ſpecies conſiſtere queat: etenim materia <expan abbr="reſpõdet">reſpondet</expan> pro portione formæ, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis id eueniet, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3783"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi materia pars eſſentiæ ponitur, veluti nos arbitrabimur. </s> <s>Atenim meminiſſe oportet duplicem eſſe <lb></lb>materiam ſenſilem, quædam enim prior eſt compoſito, vt corpus organicum prius, quàm animal, <lb></lb>& ea quæ conſueuit exprimi genere, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſumitur in definitione, & nos eam partem ducimus eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ, cùm ſit eſſentiæ <expan abbr="ſpecieq́">ſpecieque</expan>. </s> <s>principium: eſt & materia, quæ eſt toto poſterior, quemadmodum <lb></lb>ſemicirculus, qui poſterior eſt & natura, & ratione circulo ipſo: hæc ad indiuidua pertinet ſolùm, <lb></lb>non ad ſpeciem, præbet accidentia, quæ ſeparari poſſunt, quæ quòd non habent vim immutandi <lb></lb>ſpeciem, nec, ſi auferantur, vnà ſpeciem tollunt, à dialecticis accidentia vocantur indiuidui. </s> <s>tale ma<lb></lb>teriæ genus nec eſt ſpeciei principium, nec eſſentiæ pars, nec ſumitur in definitione. </s> <s>Ex hoc igitur <lb></lb>ordine eſt genus illud de quo loquitur ibi Ariſtoteles, & illa principia quæ conſtituunt huiuſmodi <lb></lb>genus, & afferunt differentias ſexus in animalibus. </s> <s>Quapropter, ſi quid hæc valent, vt opinor, de<lb></lb>fendi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poterit à diuerſis ordinis eiuſdem cauſsis proximis eundem effectum ad ſpeciem poſ<lb></lb>ſe propagari, quarum altera, ſi non eſt vniuoca, nec habet actum rei propagandæ; at eo tempore <lb></lb>virtutem habet, quæ ſi cęteroquin eſt cauſſa vniuerſalis; nil etiam vetat, vt ab initio methodi no<lb></lb>ſtræ dictum eſt, in aliquem effectum proximè concurrere.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3784"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3774"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 63.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3775"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3776"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3777"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3778"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3779"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3780"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3781"></margin.target>a 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3782"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3783"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3784"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua notantur ad mutationes elementorum pertinentia. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LXIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVE ea ſuccurrebant, quæ de generatione communiter diſſereremus, non inſcij fore prę<lb></lb>tereà nonnulla, quæ ſeorſum de elementorum generatione dici poſſent: verùm quòd ea cum <lb></lb>rebus quæ fiunt in ſublimi, ſummam affinitatem habent; illò quæſtiones eius generis referre decre<lb></lb>uimus, paucis quibuſdam exceptis, quæ generalibus rationibus tractari poſſe videantur. </s> <s>Nanque <lb></lb>inter alia conſtitutum fuit illud ab Ariſtotele, quanuis ex ſeſe viciſsim cuncta elementa fiant, non <lb></lb>eſſe tamen inter omnia parem proceſſum mutationis, cùm ex iis alia citius, & facilius, nonnulla <lb></lb>ſerius & difficilius commutentur. </s> <s>Etenim quòd ſecum pugnant, vel per alteram qualitatem, vel <lb></lb>per vtraſque, quibus obtigit repugnantia ex altera tantum qualitate, hæc per alterius ſimilitudinem <lb></lb>per mutationem minus impeditam & implicatam obtinuerunt: quæ planè ſingula percurrenti fa<lb></lb>cillimè patebunt, vt cùm ignis è terra, aut ex aqua producendus fuerit. </s> <s>ægrè enim admodum eius <lb></lb>generatio perficietur ex aqua: quippe quae vbi pugna ſit inter plura; maior lis extet. </s> <s>Quanquam il<lb></lb>la difficultatem videbantur afferre, quòd facilius aqua mutaretur ab igni, quæ binas qualitates ad <pb pagenum="641"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3785"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uerſas habet, quàm terra, quorum vna tantùm eſt repugnantia. </s> <s>Deinde fit actio inter contraria <lb></lb>potius, quàm inter conſimilia, ſed magis contraria ſunt, quorum eſt repugnantia duplex, quàm eo<lb></lb>rum, quorum eſt ſimplex. </s> <s>Igitur & actio maior. </s> <s>Tertiò docet Ariſtoteles, actionem pullulare ab <lb></lb>exuperatione agentis ad patiens, ſed eadem eſt proportio totius ad totum, quæ eſt partis ad par<lb></lb>tem: quinimmo maior vis in binis agentibus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in ſingulis: quando proportio à partibus ad <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb></lb>ſolet augeri. </s> <s>Sed hęc tolli poſſunt his adnotatis: ſiquidem facilior & citior tranſmutatio poteſt re<lb></lb>ferri ad extremam formæ introductionem, aut ad acceptionem qualitatum. </s> <s>Dico igitur aquam <lb></lb>mutari citius & facilius, non ſanè, quia prius immutetur ſecundùm ſubſtantiam: difficile enim <lb></lb>admodùm ſiccitas humidis corporibus imprimitur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed propter humiditatem, quæ valdè eſt ob<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3786"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>noxia mutationibus aqua citius, & facilius alteratur. </s> <s>Ergo reſpiciebat Ariſtoteles non alteratio<lb></lb>nem, ſed extremam formæ introductionem. </s> <s>Ad ſecundam obiectionem reſpondemus eodem <lb></lb>propoſito fundamento, quòd extrema introductio formæ ſtatuatur: maiorem quidem exiſtere pu<lb></lb>gnam, quo plura ſunt aduerſa, ſed minorem victoriam, quaſi dicas maiorem actionem extenſiuè, <lb></lb>quia plura certantia, ſed minorem intenſiuè, quia minor fiat progreſſus: velut in pugna duorum <lb></lb>copioſiſsimorum exercituum clades eſt ſine dubio maior; <expan abbr="attamẽ">attamen</expan> progreſſus ad victoriam, paruus: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi intercedit ſimilitudo, hæc ſe habet veluti aſſectio materiæ ad alteram qualitatem: pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3787"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ptereà minus debet laborare natura: veluti cùm ſemen ad animal <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> produxit; affecit magis ad <lb></lb>equi formam ſuſcipiendam. </s> <s>Ex hac autem affectione materiæ fit, vt augeatur in parte proportio, <lb></lb>non in toto: in toto enim nulla præcedens affectio, quæ in parte ſpectatur. </s> <s>Illud fortè verum, ſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> paria ponantur, hoc eſt, vnum ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, & duo ad duo, nec ibi cogitetur aliquid, quod afferat <lb></lb><expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> futuram; idem negocium fore, ſi duo conuertenda fuerint, ac vnum. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>hæc, vbi ſingula elementa ſecum commutantur. </s> <s>Sed etiam fieri poteſt, vt duo elementa inter ſe <lb></lb>afficientia conueniant in vnius tertij generationem, veluti cùm ex aëre & terra fit ignis, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aër <lb></lb>quidem inflammatur, terra ſuſtinet flammam, quæ apparer in recremento quod poſt humidi con<lb></lb>ſumptionem reſidet; eſt autem cinis. </s> <s>Eas etiam mutationes à cęteris in difficultare diſcrepare veri<lb></lb>ſimile eſt; quandò non ſint ita faciles, quemadmodum illę in quibus altera tantùm qualitas immu<lb></lb>tatur; quòd in his <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> immutari oporteat, neque ita difficilis, vt cum alterutra vtriuſque repu<lb></lb>gnantiæ pars ſit mutanda, cùm reſtet altera repugnantiæ pars in alterutro elemento illæsa, & non <lb></lb>idem ſit ſubiectum quod amittere debeat <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> qualitatem: neque enim ex vtriſque elementis <lb></lb>fit tertium <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> repugnantiæ parte permutata; cùm ſemper hoc quod fit, cum reliquis, ex quibus <lb></lb>fit, vnam qualitatem communem retineat, & vnum elementum vni ſolùm per <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> opponatur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3788"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ac ſi plura fuerint vno elemento, conueniens ſemper intercedat: proinde, vbi vnum è duobus eſt <lb></lb>gignendum, illa duo ex quibus tertium fit, ſimilia, & conſequentia nequeunt eſſe, quòd aut vna tan<lb></lb>tum qualitas in elemento ſupereſſet, aut quòd contrariæ qualitates idem conſtituerent, id verò ne<lb></lb>que cogitari, ne dum fieri poteſt, aut conſeruabuntur eadem elementa quę mutari debebant: demus <lb></lb>enim ex igni & aëre tertium gigni, aut aëris humiditas interibit, & ſiccitas ignis, aut vtriſque calor, <lb></lb>aut alterius, quòd ſi aëris humiditas & ſiccitas ignis deleantur; ſupererit vna tantùm qualitas quæ <lb></lb>non ſufficit ad vnum elementum conſtituendum, ſi verò vtriuſque caliditas extinguatur, humidi<lb></lb>tas aëris & ſiccitas ignis quæ contraria ſunt, in vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubſtantia remanebunt. </s> <s>ſi calor alteru<lb></lb>trius ſolùm deſtruatur, & maneat humor, fuerit aër, ſi contrà ſiccitas, ignis igitur nulla mutatio in<lb></lb>ter elementa conſimilia fuerit conſecuta. </s> <s>Quamobrem tertium elementum è duobus omnino <expan abbr="cõ-trariis">con<lb></lb>trariis</expan> tantum modò gigni poterit. </s> <s>Aliam quoque cauſſam facilitatis huiuſce reddebat Alexander, <lb></lb>quia ſcilicet binæ qualitates tollerentur, reliquæ reſtarent; neque iis, quæ iam ſublatæ ſunt, alię ſuc<lb></lb>cederent: perit enim, puta tu calor ignis & humor aquę: reſtant ſiccitas & frigus: neque calori iam <lb></lb>extincto humori vt exhauſto noua qualitas alia ſuccurrit, ſed vbi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> repugnantiæ pars diſcedit; <lb></lb>tum alias ſibi ſurrogat. </s> <s>Non me latet Philoponum eam cauſſam confutaſſe; quippe qui diuerſo<lb></lb>rum elementorum ſimiles qualitates ſpecie differre defenderit: at nos cùm Alexandro conſentien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3789"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes, plagam Philoponi hypotheſin inficiando repellimus. </s> <s>Non obſtant verò illa quae aëris calor <expan abbr="igneũ">igneum</expan> <lb></lb>producere nequeat, quòd ſit eo longè inferior, tum quòd dicam non eſſe maiorem gradum caloris <lb></lb>in igni, quàm in aëre, ſed propter ſocietatem humoris in aëre mitiorem eſſe, in igni verò acriorem <lb></lb>propter adnexam ſiccitatem, tum quòd non excludi fatebor his cauſsis ſpecialibus cauſſas commu<lb></lb>nes, à quibus per lumen & motum igneus ille calor producitur. </s> <s>Aut illud etiam quod Auerroës <lb></lb>oppoſuit, oſtenſurus è duobus elementis, tametſi conſequentibus fieri poſſe tertium, vt ex aëre & <lb></lb>& aqua ignem, per aquæ calefactionem & rarefactionem vtriuſque: quippe quòd illud tertium <lb></lb>quærimus quod ex vtriſque fiat ſecundùm vniuerſam illorum ſubſtantiam, vt alterum ſcilicet ſine <lb></lb>ſocio tertium efficere nequeat, & vtraque pares operas præſtent. </s> <s>ſed hîc ex aqua ſola per calorem <lb></lb>& ſiccitatem, & ex aëre ſolo per ſiccitatem ignis efficitur. </s> <s>Vtrum verò ſicut omnia quoquo modo <lb></lb>ex ſe viciſsim producuntur. </s> <s>proximè ne fiant; an alterius cuiuſpiam medij generatio requiratur in <lb></lb>nonnullis, vt Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & Themiſtius opinantur ea ratione commoti: nam ſignis ex aqua fieri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3790"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>debeat; aër prius gignatur oporteat. </s> <s>Caput hoc neglexiſſe viſus eſt Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Veruntamen vbi <lb></lb>aduerto duplex medium in mutationibus vel formæ vel tranſitus, & materiæ: vtranque partem <pb pagenum="642"></pb>problematis ita conciliari poſſe puto, vt adſit quidem materiæ medium, non autem formæ, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3791"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd per vniuerſum illud tempus habeat aqua alteram aëris qualitatem quæ inſit præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>atque alteram propriam, ſed aliqua ex parte affectam, quæ ſanè eſſent in aëre ſecundùm naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>cęterùm quia ſenſus cognoſcit qualitates. </s> <s>ſint'ne verò ſecundùm præterúe naturam mens ipſa di<lb></lb>ſcernit; medicus qui ſolum conſulit ſenſum, videns in aliquo ſubiecto qualitates aëris; aërem eſſe <lb></lb>conſtituit, ſed eo vſque eſt aqua, dum cum eius vltimo non eſſe ſit primum eſſe ignis: attamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>altera pars problematis ita abſurda eſt, vt etiam defendi non poſsit; et enim ex aliquo fieri philo<lb></lb>ſophi vel proximè, vel remotè concedere non verentur vt apparet in ea generatione quę circulum <lb></lb>imitatur. </s> <s>Illud ad extremum te celare nolo hucuſque in libris de Cęlo, & in lib. de Gen. in elemen<lb></lb>torum tranſmutationibus eorum formas ſpectaſſe potius Ariſtotelem, quàm materiam; hoc eſt, <lb></lb>quòd graue potius & leue aduerterit, quàm aërem, vel aquam; ſic etiam calorem, & frigus in lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de Gen. & ex illis elementa proximè <expan abbr="cõſtituiſſe">conſtituiſſe</expan> potius, quàm <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> ipſorum rationem habuiſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mouent autem me ad ita decernendum ea quæ in vniuerſa naturalis methodi parte, quæ ſe<lb></lb>quitur ab his libris, niſi turpem notam repugnantiæ ponamus in Ariſtotele, ea ſtatuun<lb></lb>tur, vt ratio corporum ibi, <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> virtutum habita fuiſſe videatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nos qui <lb></lb>audimus Auerroi, & Ariſtotelem conſulimus in omni methodo; iubent verò, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3792"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt ad trutinam ſenſilium vniuerſalia principia reuocemus etiam cum ea <lb></lb>quę hactenus vniuersè tradita ſunt, in ſequentibus ſigillatim tra<lb></lb>ctentur ad illa hęc vniuerſalia volentes accommodare, gene<lb></lb>ralia conſtituere ſic ſtuduimus, vt cum illis congruant <lb></lb>adamuſsim: inter hæc magnum habet <expan abbr="momẽtum">momentum</expan> <lb></lb>id quod nunc indicauimus. </s> <s>Hęc igitur de ge<lb></lb>neratione ſimpliciter, & de elemento<lb></lb>rum mutatione generatim di<lb></lb>ſputata ſufficiant: venia<lb></lb>mus nunc ad alias ſpe<lb></lb>cies mutationis <lb></lb>natura<lb></lb>lis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3785"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3786"></margin.target>a Alex. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3787"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3788"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3789"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3790"></margin.target>b 3. ed <expan abbr="tẽp">temp</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3791"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3792"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS LIBRI SEXTI.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3793"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3794"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="643"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3795"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3793"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3794"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3795"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI <lb></lb>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV <lb></lb>LIBER SEPTIMVS.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3796"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3796"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE INCREMENTO</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponuntur ea de quibus agendum eſt, & incrementi ſubiectum indagatur. </s> <s>Caput I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PROXIME eſt ab ortu & interitu mutatio ſecundùm quantum; <lb></lb>quippe quæ ſit aut generatio partium viuentis, aut ſaltem ſine ipſa fie<lb></lb>ri nequeat; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> via ſit per quam ſubſtantia primum inſtrumentum ſi<lb></lb>bi comparat, cuius beneficio ſenſilibus qualitatib. ſubſternatur, & prę <lb></lb>clarè functiones illas edere poſsit, ad quas inſtituta eſt, quarum potiſ<lb></lb>ſima eſt alterius ſibi ſimilis productio, tum verò præſtatur, cùm ani<lb></lb>mans ad certam quandam magnitudinem promotum fuerit. </s> <s>Quæ ſa<lb></lb>nè diſputatio perdifficilis eſt, & obſcura; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm philoſophos, ſed <lb></lb>medicos, nonmodò antiquos, ſed omnes ad hanc <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> diem vexauit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3797"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>De ipſa verò duo nob. </s> <s>inquirenda ſeſe offerunt: primum quidem, quo <lb></lb>diſtinguatur à cæteris mutationib. & præſertim generatione, & altera<lb></lb>tione: alterum verò modus quo functio hæc à natura, ſiue animo præſtetur: quorum theorematum <lb></lb>ſunt etiam veluti graminis iam inueterati multæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illæ quidem altæ radices quæ ſigillatim nobis <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex abditiſsimo profundo eruendæ, & funditus extirpandæ ſunt. </s> <s>nam, quod ad primum ſpe<lb></lb>ctat; diſputatio quattuor in partes ferè diuiditur: quarum prima eſt, vt ante alia quæramus, an in<lb></lb>crementi ſubiectum à cęterarum mutationum ſubiecto diſtinguatur, nec ne, quaſi verò de ſubiecto <lb></lb>conueniat inter omnes; ſolummodò differant nonnullis attributis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secũda">Secunda</expan> eſt autem quę docet qua<lb></lb>lis materia ſit incrementi, hoc eſt, illud ex quo fit incrementum. </s> <s>Tertius locus eſt; quoniam <expan abbr="incremẽ-tum">incremen<lb></lb>tum</expan> ſingnificat acceſsionem quantitatis, quo'nam modo quantitati fiat acceſsio. </s> <s>Quartum, de quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quærendum eſt, per quod auctio fiat, quid .ſ. </s> <s>ſit augens, quid illud, quod augetur: & <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quid <lb></lb>auctio fiat, cui .ſ. </s> <s>primò tribuatur. </s> <s>Hæc ea, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> agendum eſt. </s> <s>Talis autem methodus à nob. </s> <s>obſer<lb></lb>uabitur, vt acceptis euentis quibuſdam quæ nouit <expan abbr="vnuſquiſq.">vnuſquiſque</expan> comitari incremento; inde illius eſſen<lb></lb>tiam colligamus. </s> <s>Non eſt verò quòd priore loco diſputemus an auctio ſit, tum quoniam id ope ſen<lb></lb>ſuum perſpicuum ſatis eſt, tum quia ſophiſmata non ſuccurrunt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> iudicium ſenſus labefacte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3798"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Quod ergo ſpectat ad primum caput quo veſtigatur, an differant à cęteris mutationib. auctio & <lb></lb>diminutio (iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc vocabula quanuis parum polita, propter vſum quotidianum, & caſus, & <expan abbr="cõ-iugata">con<lb></lb>iugata</expan>, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vti frequentiſsimè cogimur; vſurpare decreuimus) quoniam motus ſecum vel ſubiecto <lb></lb>vel attributis diſtinguuntur, <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo dicimus differre mutationem ſecundùm quantum cum <lb></lb>cæteris. </s> <s>Quia verò ſubiectum mutationis eſt triplex, vel ipſa materia quæ eſt primum <expan abbr="fundamentũ">fundamentum</expan> <lb></lb>omnium mutationum generatim, præcipuè verò generationis & corruptionis, vel ſubſtantia compo<lb></lb>ſita quæ eſt ſubiectum & ſtratum mutationum quæ fiunt circum accidens; vel id ſecundùm quod <lb></lb>fit motus; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt prędicamentum, inter cuius ſpecies tranſmutatio procedit, quod aliàs quadru<lb></lb>plex eſſe accepimus, ſubſtantiam, quantum, quale, & vbi, quòd in his ſolis eſt per ſe progreſſus de <lb></lb>poteſtate ad actum, qui progreſſus eſt ipſe motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Materiã">Materiam</expan> protinus eſſe <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> generationis olim <lb></lb>docuimus, ſubſtantiam ęquè reliquis omnib. tranſmutationib. ſubſterni diximus, quapropter auctio <lb></lb>in hoc à cæteris motib. non ſeparatur: ſupereſt ergo, vt genere illo ſubiecti diſtinguatur, ad quod <lb></lb>mutationis termini rediguntur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi è poteſtate ſubſtantia fiat actu ſubſtantia, generatio dici<lb></lb>tur; ſi è potentia vbi actu vbi, latio nuncupatur: vbi igitur è potentia quanto fiat actu quantum, erit <lb></lb>auctio, <expan abbr="illiq́">illique</expan>. </s> <s>oppoſita diminutio. </s> <s>Quamobrem differentia inter auctionem <expan abbr="cęterosq́">cęterosque</expan>. </s> <s>motus interce <pb pagenum="644"></pb>dit propter ſubiectum quod appellamus ſecundùm quod, quae auctio inhæret ſubiecto quod eſt po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3799"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tentia quantum, aliæ verò ſubiecto, quod eſt potentia aut ſubſtantia, aut quale, aut vbi: differt item <lb></lb>cum reliquis hæc mutatio nonnullis attributis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id quod augetur aut minuitur, neceſſariò mu<lb></lb>rat locum, dum augetur occupans ſpatium maius, dum decreſcit, ſeſe quaſi recipiens in anguſtias: <lb></lb>ſed quod alteratur aut mutatur ſecundùm ſubſtantiam intra eoſdem terminos ſeſe <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> conti<lb></lb>net: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quando fit cadauer, aliud ſpatium obtinuit, quàm obtineret anteà, dum viuebat; ſic <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb>Socrates, cùm in Sole apricans fit niger, plus aut minus ſpatij non tenet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> antea feciſſet. </s> <s>Verùm quia <lb></lb>mutare locum videtur eius eſſe proprium, quod mouetur <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> vbi; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab iis quæ ſic mouentur, <lb></lb>ſegregatur id quod augetur, ſiquidem id quod mouetur <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> locum, aut rectà aut circulo fertur <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rectà mouetur <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> commutat, vt .ſ. </s> <s>in eo motu longè aliud ſit ſpatium quod occupat <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> fuerit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud, quod obtinebat ante, quàm moueretur: at id quod augetur, ita mutat <lb></lb>ſpatium; quia mutat <expan abbr="dimenſionẽ">dimenſionem</expan> permanens in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> loco, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> metalla quæ malleo ducta <lb></lb>ſuper eadem incude extenduntur: eius verò quod circulo mouetur, partes mutantur. </s> <s>exiſtentes <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>ad ortum, mox ad occaſum; ita <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, vt æqualis ſit locus ſemper eiuſdem partis, totum verò perma<lb></lb>net; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> locum mutat; & manet idem locus eiſdem corporis & loci terminis conſeruatis, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cętero<lb></lb>quin in auctione iidem <expan abbr="vtriusq.">vtriusque</expan> termini varientur. </s> <s>Quanquam & huiuſmodi differentiæ reuocari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3800"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſſe videntur in dubium, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> interdum id quod rectà mouetur, totum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> non mutat; vt ſi bicu<lb></lb>bitum per vnius cubiti ſpatium moueatur, erit ille quidem motus ſecundùm <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ſed aliqua loci <lb></lb>pars ſolùm, non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mutabuntur. </s> <s>Prætereà id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quod circulo mouetur, totum mutari perſpici<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> acceptum eſt id quod alteratur, non mutare locum, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> 1. de cęlo monſtratum eſt <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <lb></lb>alterationem fieri ſine auctione & diminutione, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> fiat rarefactione, aut denſatione interceden<lb></lb>te, quas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in motib. ſecundùm locum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>nouimus eſſe numeratas. </s> <s>Ad primum aliqui dicunt, <lb></lb>loci mutationem eſſe ex centro iudicandam, ita vt cùm aliud ſit centrum loci prioris, ac poſterioris; <lb></lb>loca <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diuerſa exiſtimentur: cùm igitur in eo motu centrum mutetur, in auctione verò maneat <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="manifeſtũ">manifeſtum</expan> diſcrimen inter mutationes <expan abbr="vtrasq.">vtrasque</expan> conſpicitur. </s> <s>At mihi videtur ille qui ita putat, ſtatue<lb></lb>re locum tanquam diſtantiam, notans in eo centrum, & aliquid præter <expan abbr="extremã">extremam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> corporis <lb></lb>continentis, quæ ſententia à nob. </s> <s>olim exploſa eſt. </s> <s>Idcirco dicerem, <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> cum poſterio<lb></lb>re toto in iis quæ rectà mouentur, formaliter vt aiunt, & categorematicè toto ſumpto, eſſe conferen<lb></lb>dum, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erunt idem; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> partes prioris ſunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> partes poſterioris; at in auctione perma<lb></lb>net totus prior locus, qui pars eſt poſterioris, & termini duntaxat aliqua facta acceſsione variantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quare permanet idem prorſus materialiter acceptus, immutatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>de motu ſphęræ <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> poſteà nob. </s> <s>dicenda ſint, aſſerimus interim ipſam poſſe quidem mutare poſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3801"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="turã">turam</expan>, veruntamen non moueri, ſed moueri per ſe partes, ad <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motum poſituram totius <expan abbr="cõmu-tari">commu<lb></lb>tari</expan>: cùm cæteroquin auctio fit mutatio loci, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id in toto. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> opponebatur tertio loco <expan abbr="alte-rationẽ">alte<lb></lb>rationem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundù">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ita cenſeo <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan>, Ariſtotelem, ſiquando id aſſeuerauit, aut <lb></lb>non ſpectaſſe internam <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> alterationis, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mutatio loci ita inhæret alterationi, <expan abbr="quẽadmo-dũ">quenadmo<lb></lb>dum</expan> auctioni, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> mutatio loci conſequitur proximè <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, ad quod per ſe auctio refertur, per acci<lb></lb>dens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> comitatur alterationi: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ipſa per ſe motus eſt <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quale, aut <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> loci mu<lb></lb>tationem animaduertere noluiſſe; quia quanuis eueniat in alteratione, ſæpe fallit ſenſum. </s> <s>Si verò <lb></lb>diſputans <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> veterib. accepit alterationem eſſe <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cremento coniunctam, hoc fuit rem ipſam, vt exi<lb></lb>ſtit, & naturali modo ſpectare, non eius eſſentiam quæ formaliter ab omnis <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> motus eſſentia ſe<lb></lb>paratur: at ibi rem perſecutus eſt, oſtenſurus nullam eſſe <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> motus quæ à latione prorſus abſol<lb></lb>uatur. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illud <expan abbr="prætereundũ">prætereundum</expan>; quo pacto ſe habeat locus ad ea quæ augentur: nam ſi <expan abbr="quã-to">quan<lb></lb>to</expan> locus per ſe debetur, & hæc ſunt quanta, igitur & in loco ſint per ſe neceſſe eſt; quid ergo prohibe<lb></lb>bit, quominus auctio item ſit motus quidam ſecundùm locum, & eius ſpecies? </s> <s>An locus, vt forma <lb></lb>in prædicamento ipſius vbi, per ſe & primò terminus eſt motus ſecundùm locum, & eius perfectio, <lb></lb>quod ſecundùm <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> mouetur, quatenus ita mouetur: ei verò quod augetur, quatenus huiuſmo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3802"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di, extrinſecum quid eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illius profectio, ſed conſequens eo, quia dum augetur, per ſe procedit <lb></lb>ad certos quantitatis terminos, qui ſibi intrinſeci ſunt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> adeptis ceſſat motus: at cùm ſit quan<lb></lb>tum, ideò conuenit illi eſſe in loco: proptereà per ſe auctio ad terminos quantitatis eſt, ſecundò <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>ad terminum motus & locum; quod item, & ſi pertinet ad alterationem aliquantò remotius ineſt, & <lb></lb>magis per accidens.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3797"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3798"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3799"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3800"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3801"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3802"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De modo quo fit auctio, & de ipſius materia. </s> <s>Caput II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NVNC agendum nob. </s> <s>eſt de modo quo fit auctio; cuius ſanè ſpeculationis tres erunt partes, <lb></lb>etenim quærendum nob. </s> <s>erit de illius materia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi dictum eſt auctionem eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> cir<lb></lb>cum magnitudinem, & è poteſtate quanto in actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>; adhuc quærendum ſupereſt, quod' nam <lb></lb>fit hoc potentia <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ex quo fiat auctio. </s> <s>Deinde cùm in hiſce motib. fiat <expan abbr="viuẽs">viuens</expan> maius, aut minus, <lb></lb>ea verò vel aliquo extrinſecùs accedente, aut contrà intrinſecùs abeunte; vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per rarefactionem <lb></lb>& denſationem, diſſerendum eſt de ratione qua id quod augetur, fiat maius, minus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod de <pb pagenum="645"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3803"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>creſcit. </s> <s>Poſtremò <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> auctio ſit in viuente, <expan abbr="quærendũ">quærendum</expan> erit, beneficio cuius auctio fiat, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="ex-plorandũ">ex<lb></lb>plorandum</expan>, quod' nam ſit auctionis principium, tam efficiens, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ratio & forma, ſecundùm quam effici<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cæterũ">Cæterum</expan> quod ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> pertinet, antè docuimus, in quolibet motu ſubſterni <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ſubie<lb></lb>ctum, quod <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> nuncupamus. </s> <s>Deinde præter hoc motib. <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> accidens ſubiici <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ip<lb></lb>ſam quæ actu eſt; ac <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan>, genus illud <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quod fit tranſitus è poteſtate in actum, hoc <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in auctione & decremento ponitur <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm igitur auctio ſit tranſitus è potentia magnitudi<lb></lb>ne in actu magnitudinem, quæritur ante alia quid'nam ſit potiſsimum hæc magnitudo, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in <expan abbr="potẽ-tia">poten<lb></lb>tia</expan> conſtituimus. </s> <s>An'ne <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ſit magnitudinis prorſus expers; an verò magnitudinem quandam <lb></lb>poſsideat; ſed non <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan>, <expan abbr="quantã">quantam</expan> adeptum eſt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan> eſt incrementum. </s> <s>Non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quippiam <lb></lb>magnitudinis expers eſſe cenſendum eſt, & poteſtate <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> corpus; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> quidem aut per ſe ſubſiſteret <lb></lb>aut in alio, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="neutrũ">neutrum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe ſubſiſtit; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="vacuũ">vacuum</expan> foret, aut punctum, aut in<lb></lb>ſenſile aliquod corpus, velut atomi Democriticę; <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="abſurditatẽ">abſurditatem</expan> mox indicabimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>item aliquod <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> magnitudine <expan abbr="iunctũ">iunctum</expan>; <expan abbr="p̃p̃ea">propterea</expan> quòd aut eſſet pars, aut affectio eius, quod augetur; aut <lb></lb>ad illius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> conduceret; quæ item <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> naturæ ipſi repugnant, vt iam dicemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> illud, quae va<lb></lb>cuum <expan abbr="nuſquã">nuſquam</expan> ſit, ſatis anteà <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Quòd item <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan>, aut inſenſile non ſit. </s> <s>ex hoc conclu<lb></lb>ditur: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> id quod augetur, alicubi eſt: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id ex quo paratur <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>, ſit alicubi neceſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3804"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>etenim id quod augetur ex eo, quod aliunde accedit, occupat <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> id quod acce<lb></lb>dit, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> adiiciatur, <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſi non per ſe & actu <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> per accidens & in potentia & in alio cor<lb></lb>pore occupare oportebat. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> punctum, neque atomus alicubi ſunt; ſiquidem, aut ibi forent <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aut præter naturam: ac ſi in vno loco præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, in oppoſito <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & con<lb></lb>trà; at ea quæ ſunt huiuſmodi, grauia ſunt, aut leuia: & ita ignis, aër, aqua, & terra: hæc verò perſpi<lb></lb>cuas habent qualitates; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur punctum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> corpus <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> inſenſile poteſt eſſe, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> nulla eo<lb></lb>rum grauitas aut leuitas, aut alia <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> conditio ſenſilis, exiſtit. </s> <s>Non poteſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> eſſe cum ma<lb></lb>gnitudine copulatum. </s> <s>Nam quod eſt in alio, <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> ſolet eſſe tripliciter; vel vt in continente, <expan abbr="quẽ-admodũ">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> aqua in vaſe, vel vt accidens in ſubiecto, vel vt pars in toto. </s> <s>id quidem quod eſt, vt in vaſe, <lb></lb>in eo ſic eſt, vt illius pars, aut aliquid <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> non ſit. </s> <s>atqui materia incrementi neceſſariò aliquid illius <lb></lb>eſt quod augetur, vel pars, vel accidens. </s> <s>Tùm quia ſequeretur vt infinitum actu dari poſsit. </s> <s>nam ſi <lb></lb>materia auctionis in quopiam contineri ponatur, quod eius pars non ſit, nec aliquid prorſus, <expan abbr="eadẽ-q́ue">eaden<lb></lb>que</expan> non ſit actu corpus, ſed poteſtate duntaxat; in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiecto plures, immò infinitas ma<lb></lb>terias collocare licebit, quod abſurdum eſt; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in natura eorum quæ continentur ab aliquo, per<lb></lb>petuò reſidet illud, vt ſimul conſiſtere non poſsint eò, quae obtinuerunt dimenſiones, & ſunt actu <expan abbr="q̃ta">quanta</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3805"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> diſtare <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> eſt, nec ſeſe vllo modo viciſsim penetrare: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nos quantitatem ſepa<lb></lb>rauimus ab eo corpore quod <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>. </s> <s>ergo nulla eſt ratio, cur ſimul eſſe nequeant materiæ plures. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia cùm ex aqua fit aër, qui maioris eſt molis, non ita fit, quae aliquid ex aqua permanente ex<lb></lb>primatur, ſed vniuerſa aqua in <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> aërem mutatur. </s> <s>quamobrem patet, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> ex qua conſtitui<lb></lb>tur auctio, non ita ſe habere, vt ſit aliquid illius quod augetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pars, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> accidens. </s> <s>ſin, aër fieri <lb></lb>poſſet è materia quæ continetur in aqua, nullo ſubſequente ipſius aquæ detrimento, confugies eò <lb></lb>fortaſſe, vt illud accidens ſit, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> accidente ſublato de ſubſtantia nihil deteritur. </s> <s>ſed ſi doceo, & <lb></lb>peruinco ratione, & argumento firmiſsimo hoc accidens non eſſe, iam conatum tuum facilè refrege<lb></lb>ro. </s> <s>nam vides'ne tu in hac mutatione ſubſtantiam vniuerſam corrumpi? </s> <s>erit igitur eius aliquid, vt <lb></lb>pars. </s> <s>De hac iterum quæres, an actu ſit, aut poteſtate: ac ſi poteſtate illam eſſe fatearis, in eodem cœ<lb></lb>no te volutabis. </s> <s>erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aut vacuum, aut punctum, aut corpus aliquod inſenſile. </s> <s>Ergo neceſſe eſt pona<lb></lb>mus auctionis materiem actu, quantum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poteſtate ſolùm, quæ nonmodò ſubiectum ſit au<lb></lb>ctionis, verumetiam cæterarum mutationum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem inſeparabilis ab omnib. formis cum <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, tum accidentis. </s> <s>quapropter actu ſemper erit, & cum quantitate, & cæteris attributis, qua<lb></lb>litate ſcilicet, loco, & aliis, ſi qua ſunt alia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt eadem ſit materia reipſa in omni tranſmuta<lb></lb>tione, & in <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> re naturali, aut ſaltem in iis quæ intra cęli ambitum continentur, ratione verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3806"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diuerſi. </s> <s>quoniam vbi ſit, veluti materia generationis, eſt in potentia ad nouam ſubſtantiam, ſeuoca<lb></lb>ta quidem vi cogitationis ab ipſa qualibet forma, ita vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab ea omnis quantitatis ratio repellatur: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> generationi ſubiicitur, quia ſit aliqua certa quantitate affecta, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo res procedit, <lb></lb>vbi alterationi materia ſupponatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in eo materia alterationis ab aliis ſeparatur, quoniam <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſegregatis omnib. aliis formis, fit mentio de qualitate ſolùm, ſed reipſa facta ſeparatione ab omnib. <lb></lb></s> <s>formis ſucceſsiuè, nec vllo formarum genere ſine quantitate materiæ accedente. </s> <s>Proinde cùm ſubij<lb></lb>citur auctioni, nonmodò accipitur vt potentia ad nouam ſubſtantiam, ſed etiam, vt habet <expan abbr="adiunctã">adiunctam</expan> <lb></lb>quantitatem. </s> <s>Ex his verò ita poſitis euitabitur illud incommodum in quod imprudentes Antiqui <lb></lb>lapſi ſunt, dum puncta, aut lineas, aut plana ad ſummum initia corporum facientes, è non quanto <lb></lb>quantum producebant, & vacuum inducere cogebantur. </s> <s>erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia, ex qua corpora fiunt, actu <lb></lb>coniuncta cum formis ſubſtantiæ pariter & accidentis, quantitate .ſ. </s> <s>qualitate & cæteris, & actu qui<lb></lb>dem corpus, cuius extrema lineæ ſint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> puncta. </s> <s>Prætereà ſeruabitur in auctione progreſſus qui <lb></lb>communis eſt omnib. aliis mutationib. qui quantum fieri poteſt, obſeruandus eſt à philoſopho na<lb></lb>turali, vniformiter aſsiduè natura operante, niſi cauſſa ſecus efficiendi pręſtò ſit, quam item notare <pb pagenum="646"></pb>& opponere oportet, ſi inſtantiam velis afferre: conuenient <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in cauſſa efficiente; nam ſicut in alijs <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3807"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutationibus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod fit, fit ex ſibi ſimili, vel actu vel virtute; & ſibi ſimili actu, vel ſpecie, vel ge<lb></lb>nere, vt homo ex homine, & animal ex animali; ſic in auctione quantum ex alio quanto fiet; neque <lb></lb>ex non quanto quantum: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ad horum ſimilitudinum materia auctionis erit ſemper actu quan<lb></lb>ta, nòn <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> potentia. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> oppoſitum aſſerit Ariſt. </s> <s>qui quidem ex illo docet differre generatio<lb></lb>nem ſubſtantiæ à cęteris motib. quòd in ipſa debet ſemper aliquid actu præcedere, à quo fit id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>fit, ſimile illi rei quæ facienda eſt; in alteratione <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & motu ſecundùm quantum, hoc neceſſarium <lb></lb>non eſſe, ſed ſufficere, vt præcedat id quod eſt potentia tale, aut tantum, nihilominus is eſſe poteſt <lb></lb>ſenſus verborum Ariſtotelis, vt doceat <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> ſubſtantiam ab eo fieri quod ſit eiuſdem rationis, vt <lb></lb>ab homine hominem, & ab equo equum: at incremento ſat eſt, ſi actus in genere conſeruerit, ne<lb></lb>que enim bicubitum fit à bicubito, ſed non bicubito niſi poteſtate veruntamen actu quanto: ſed <lb></lb>hoc poſtea pluribus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3803"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3804"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3805"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3806"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3807"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An ſit corpus de prędicamento ſubstantiæ. </s> <s>Caput III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>REI ſanè difficilis & obſcuræ explicationem poſtulat propoſita dubitatio, quæ item, quae ad noti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3808"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiam generationis & incrementi valde conducit, hoc loco non videtur conniuenda; pertinet <lb></lb>autem ad naturam quantitatis in cuius explicatum celeberrimus <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> philoſophus operam non <lb></lb>vulgarem contuliſſe perſpicitur, & ab ætate Philoponi ad hæc <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> tempora caligine <expan abbr="pluſq̃">pluſquae</expan> Acheru<lb></lb>ſia fuiſſe offuſa; tentabat verò difficultas hęc ea quę ſupra ab hinc non longè de generatione conſti<lb></lb>tuta fuerant: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quantum è non quanto fieri à natura prorſus alienum reputetur; & omnia quę <lb></lb>fiunt, ex materia & forma producantur quæ per ſe quanta non ſunt; quo pacto contingit ea eſſe <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>ta quæ ex illis facta ſunt? </s> <s>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è non quanto quantum fieri poterit, aut materia & forma per ſe <expan abbr="quã-ta">quan<lb></lb>ta</expan> erunt; & quoniam ad eam dubitationem pro tempore ſatis aptè reſponſum fuerat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>in auctione etiam dictum eſt; materiam ſemper alicui formæ ſubſterni, quæ proptereà quia quanti<lb></lb>tas perpetuò, & actu ineſt in compoſito, quanta eſt actu quidem, ſed per accidens idcirco quantum <lb></lb>è non quanto in actu <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> fit. </s> <s>pro re verò parum. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> remanet ſcrupulus, vndénam quantitas <lb></lb>adſit compoſito, quandò in ipſo nil ſubſiſtere debeat, quod à principiis, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> conflatum eſt (ſunt ve<lb></lb>rò materia & forma) non oriatur. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rurſus aut actu quanta ſunt, aut poteſtate: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <foreign lang="grc">τὸν αὐ<lb></lb>τὸν ἄνακυκλήσομεν λόγον</foreign>, & eadem quæſtio reuertetur. </s> <s>Quamobrem vt omnis controuerſia diri<lb></lb>matur, quantum in nob. </s> <s>eſt, altius, hanc rem aggredi decreuimus. </s> <s>Quoniam verò cùm de quanto <expan abbr="mẽ-">men<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3809"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem faciunt, <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> intelligunt id quod habet tres dimenſiones, longitudinem, latitudinem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alti<lb></lb>tudinem: nam cætera quanta ſuperficies, inquam, & linea ſunt illius termini; cùm de quanto verba <lb></lb>facimus, etiam nos de corpore (in hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tres dimenſiones exiſtant) cuncta accipi volumus. </s> <s>Hoc in <lb></lb>ſcholis philoſophorum duplicem notionem præſeferre animaduertimus, aut quatenus eſt <expan abbr="termin9">terminus</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ naturalis; aut <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> genus quoddam de prędicamento ſubſtantiæ, ſeu pars aliqua eius <expan abbr="p̃-dicamenti">pn<lb></lb>dicamenti</expan>: ac de <expan abbr="vtriusq.">vtriusque</expan> natura inter ſe altercantur: ideò nos etiam de <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> agere conſtituimus <lb></lb>hoc loco, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt ab eo quod primum eſt, exordiamur; eſt verò corpus vt ſubſtantia; conabor demon<lb></lb>ſtrare perperam è naturali philoſophia, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> à mari putridum cadauer, eiectum fuiſſe à genere <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſenſu Auerrois <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ponendum eſſe conuincam: enitar <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illius neceſsitatem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3810"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>patefacere, quod erit tantò facilius, quantò nec ab eo abhorruiſſe perſpicio veteres Peripateticos, li<lb></lb>cèt magnę lites inter eos extiterint, quemadmodum ad genus ſubſtantiæ referendum ſit, vel vt idem <lb></lb>cum materia ipſa, vel vt tale per quandam propriam formam exiſtens. </s> <s>Nam credidit Philoponus <lb></lb>ipſum eſſe de genere ſubſtantiæ quidem, verùm qualitatis omnis exſors, & opinatus eſt ſe deſcribere<lb></lb>materiam; quia viderentur omnes formæ ſuperuenire materiæ quæ iam quanta eſſet. </s> <s>Confirmat pro<lb></lb>poſitum; quia ſi corpus non eſſet materia, alteram materiam poſtularet: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in illa, ſeu potius ex <lb></lb>illa fieri deberet: at quod ex materia fit; ex contrario fiat oportet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm corpori nihil ſit con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3811"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trarium: ergo corpus non fit. </s> <s>quamobrem ipſum eſt verè materia: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola per ſe <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan>, <lb></lb>& idcirco generationis & corruptionis expers eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà manet corpus in omni mutatione: hoc <lb></lb>verò ſolius materiæ peculiare <expan abbr="propriumq́">propriumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt. </s> <s>quapropter corpus erit ſubiectum, & materia tranſ<lb></lb>mutationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>prouectus eſt audacię philoſophus iſte more Alexandrino, vt nimium ſibi ipſi con<lb></lb>fidens Ariſtotelem aliquando deſeruerit. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> doceret præceptor admirandus vnum eſſe ſenſum <lb></lb>tactum, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum vnum, corpus ſenſile nimirum, quod qualitatib. tactilib. ſubiiceretur, ipſe <lb></lb>Philoponus accipiens corpus ſenſile materiam eſſe tactilium qualitatum, ex illo item quòd ſimili ra<lb></lb>tione foret materia ſaporis, ſoni, coloris, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> odoris, concludebat; ſi tactus vnus eſt, quia <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>qualitatum tactilium vnum ſit, cùm ſit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vnum ſubiectum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> qualitatum ſenſilium, vnus igitur <lb></lb>erit ſenſus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> vt monſtrat vſus, & ratio ipſa confirmat, aut igitur allata <lb></lb>ratio conuincit vnum eſſe ſenſus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, aut ſi vllo modo labefactari poteſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item patiemur ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele perſuaderi ſenſum tactum eſſe vnum. </s> <s>Hæc Philoponus ipſo etiam Ariſt. </s> <s>reclamante profeſ<lb></lb>ſus eſt. </s> <s>In hanc <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan> plurib. inuectus eſt Simplicius, veluti quae Ariſtoteles ſubiecerit corpori ma<lb></lb>teriam aliam ab eo diuerſam: dicebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſtoteles eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> corporis, & magni, & parui: quod <pb pagenum="649"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3812"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>autem corpori ſubiicitur, non eſt corpus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> & paruum: ex quo facillimè refelli <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> error <lb></lb>Philoponi, quae faceret corpus hoc qualitatis expers primum ſubiectum naturalis tranſmutationis: <lb></lb>etenim mutatio ſit inter magnum & paruum; & hæc corpora ſunt: magnitudo igitur fit circum ſub<lb></lb>iectum quantitatis: quamobrem per ſe quantum non eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi corpus eſſet materia; permane <lb></lb>ret: nunc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corpus ipſum tranſmutatur; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt idem corpus quod erat antea ſemen, & po<lb></lb>ſteà factum eſt animal. </s> <s>Tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non eadem cognitione nob. </s> <s>noteſcunt corpus & materia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> il<lb></lb>lud ſenſu cognoſci poteſt, & <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ περίπτωσῖν</foreign>, vt Stoici dicunt, & per ſpeciem propriam, at ma<lb></lb>teria ſolùm mente percipitur, & per analogiam, <expan abbr="ſpeciemq́">ſpeciemque</expan>. </s> <s>alienam. </s> <s>Poſtremò corpus eſt actu quan<lb></lb>tum; materia verò poteſtate ſolum. </s> <s>Hanc Philoponi ſententiam vtrùm nouerit Auicenna nec'ne, <lb></lb>non poſſum diſcernere; ſed illam in eius ſcriptis non agnoſcimus; quoniam ipſe cernens <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> <lb></lb>perpetuò comitari materiæ, ſtatuit formam corporis in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, ex qua & mate<lb></lb>ria fiat corpus quod nunc accipimus eſſe ſummum genus in eo prædicamento, quam ſanè formam <lb></lb>à materia nunquam diuelli autumauit, & per illam materiæ ceteras formas accedere. </s> <s>Ij qui parti<lb></lb>bus Auerrois operam <expan abbr="dederũt">dederunt</expan>, adſpicientes Auerroëm acriter in hac poſitione Auicennam confuta<lb></lb>re, exiſtimarunt abiiciendam eſſe prorſus hanc formam, & conſtantem ſententiam Auerrois eſſe cre<lb></lb>diderunt formam corporis de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ falsò, <expan abbr="fruſtraq́">fruſtraque</expan>. </s> <s>methodo naturali obtrudi, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3813"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo fit, vt dum quæritur de corpore quod eſt ſubſtantia, ſenſum hunc habeat quæſtio; an ſit corpus <lb></lb>quod eſt vt genus, & aliquid actu; licet valdè imperfecto, de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ: Credidit id <lb></lb>Auicenna; negant ſectatores Auerrois. </s> <s>Arbitramur nos rerum naturam deſiderare talem formam, <lb></lb>neque item ab Auerrois doctrina remotam eſſe. </s> <s>Rationes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> videri potuit Auerroës eiicere ta<lb></lb>lem formam, huiuſmodi ſunt. </s> <s>Si materia prima formam corporis in ſe contineret quæ ad prædica<lb></lb>mentum ſubſtantiæ referretur; nulla foret ſubſtantiæ tranſmutatio; hoc verò fieri non poſſe conſtat <lb></lb>ex iis quæ libro ſuperiore conſtitura ſunt. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conſequi ſic oſtenditur, nam differentia quæ inter<lb></lb>cedit inter tranſmutationem ſubſtantiæ, & accidentis, illa eſt; quoniam tranſmutatio accidentis re<lb></lb>quirit in materia formam quæ pertineat ad eſſentiam, cùm cæteroqui ſubſtantiæ forma ea materia <lb></lb>contenta ſit, quæ poteſtate ſolùm eſt: atqui materia iam hîc in actu eſſet per formam corporis. </s> <s>De<lb></lb>inde materia non eſſet in potentia ad omnes formas; quod item illius naturæ creditur omnino re<lb></lb>pugnare. </s> <s>ſiquidem formam corporis adiunctam haberet. </s> <s>Poſtremò formæ naturales diuidi non poſ<lb></lb>ſent, non multiplicari; non ſubijci motui; quandò ſubſtantia præcederet ipſi quanto à quo vniuer<lb></lb>ſa diuiſionis, multitudinis, <expan abbr="motusq́ue">motusque</expan> ratio proficiſcitur.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3814"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3808"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3809"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3810"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>ſpecie.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3811"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3812"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3813"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3814"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explorantur rationes Auerrois in Auicennam, & corpus in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>collocatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVNTAMEN ex animo mihi ex ſeri non poteſt eſſe corpus hoc quod referimus ad ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam: & ita eſſe perſuadeor ex iis quæ alibi tradit Auerroës, & rationes aliquot ex Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>depromptæ conuincunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quandoquidem incipientib. à dialecticis, & totam ferè philoſophiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3815"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Auerrois perluſtrantib. ſexcenties occurrat nob. </s> <s>hoc corpus de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Prætereà <lb></lb>dum ille idem auctor accuſat Themiſtium qui Platonem à calumniis purgare conabatur, putabat <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſe res naturales componi ex planis; tuebatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Platonem ſic, quia forma corporis eſſet Pla<lb></lb>tonis quidem ſententia planum. </s> <s>Illum verò hoc pacto oppugnat Auerroës: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> accidens <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tiæ">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ</expan> principium efficeretur, nimirum ſuperficies quæ eſt accidens, corporis, quæ eſt ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Ratio<lb></lb>nes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> concludere licet propoſitum, huiuſmodi ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quandocunq.">Quandocunque</expan> ineſt aliquod <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> per <lb></lb>ſe plurib. ſpecie differentib. in ipſis ineſt beneficio cuiuſdam communis quod eſt primum eius ſub<lb></lb>iectum. </s> <s>Sed quantitas ineſt per ſe in omnib. ſubſtantiis naturalib. ergo eſt vnum primum, & medio <lb></lb>vacans ſubiectum quantitatis quod <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> prædicatur de omnib. illis ſubſtantiis in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> & quanti<lb></lb>tas ipſa collocatur. </s> <s>Tum quæro vtrum'ne ſubiectum hoc <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ſit accidens, an ſubſtantia, nec ſanè ac<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3816"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cidens; tùm quoniam accidens accidenti per ſe non inhæret: tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>; quia ſi ineſſet; demum reſolue<lb></lb>retur in ſubiectum <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> quod è prædicamento ſubſtantiæ petendum eſſet: ergo ſubſtantia: Et planè <lb></lb>mihi videtur hoc poſſe confirmari canonib. dialecticis, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſi propoſitio neceſſaria fuerit, aſſum<lb></lb>ptio verò contingens; inde complexione contingentem exoriri monſtratur. </s> <s>Nunc ſi prædicatum il<lb></lb>lud commune inſit in alio accidente, pari ratione per accidens inerit in ſubiecto; cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> acceptum <lb></lb>ſit illud ineſſe per ſe. </s> <s>Siquis verò parum habeat fidei huic argumentandi rationi, is in Auerrois do<lb></lb>ctrina parùm verſatus eſſe deprehendetur: quandò ipſe hoc eodem argumento commotus ſtatuit <lb></lb>2. de anima <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> conuenire ſenſus omnes in vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>natura, quod ad medium ſpectat ex eo, quae plu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3817"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res ſenſus in eodem attributo per ſe conueniunt. </s> <s>Verùm quid Auerrois opem implorare oportebat; <lb></lb>cùm & eodem modo conſtruxiſſet rationem Philoſophus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Si duo mouerent mens nimirùm, & apro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3818"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>petitus; communi quadam ſpecie mouerent? </s> <s>Vtimur in re non dubia teſtib. non neceſſariis. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>igitur ſubſtantia ſit id genus <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> in quo primò <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> inſidet, aut genus eſt, ſeu forma <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, aut ma<lb></lb>teria: non ſanè materia; quandò nullum accidens ab ea poteſt excipi: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quantitas, vbi termi<lb></lb>nata ſit, vel ipſo auctore, niſi forma ſubſtantiæ quædam, ſi non futura & ſingularis, ſaltem vetus, & <pb pagenum="648"></pb>ſimpliciter præceſſerit. </s> <s>reſtat igitur, vt ſit aliqua forma <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, ſeu genus de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3819"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod primum quantitas ipſa conſequatur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id per primam & potiſsimam ſpeciem quantitatis <lb></lb>deſcribatur quæ corpus eſt, more certè non inſueto philoſophis, qui <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> lateant formæ rerum, <lb></lb>per accidentia propria ſolent eas, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id Auerroe repudiante, circunſcribere. </s> <s>Rurſus ea genere con<lb></lb>ueniunt, quæ inter ſe comparari poſſunt. </s> <s>At ſubſtantiæ naturales, ſaltem caducæ, ſecundùm quanti<lb></lb>tatem conferuntur. </s> <s>ergo genere conueniunt. </s> <s>eas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in quantitate conferri ſignificat illud Theore<lb></lb>ma de decupla proportione elementorum. </s> <s>Quæ verò nuper attulimus, admonent eſſe <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> vniuo<lb></lb>cum quod de ſubſtantiis illis prædicetur: etenim id in quo collatio fit, vniuocum eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cùm ergo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3820"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id ſit quantum, & illud vniuocum ſit oportet: ergo etiam vniuoca ſunt ea, quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <lb></lb>conferuntur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> me terrent illa quæ contra vniuocationem quantitatis ab Auerroe conferun<lb></lb>tur, nempe quae in diuerſis ſcientiis natura quantitatis exploretur, cùm vna ſit vnius generis ſubiecti <lb></lb>ſcientia; quae item inter eius partes ordo exiſtat. </s> <s>Etenim & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> prædicamentum à multis artib. tractari <lb></lb>poſſe docuit Ariſt. 1. Eth. c. 6. Et quanuis Ariſtoteles vnius generis ſubiecti ſcientiam vnam eſſe fa<lb></lb>teatur, non idcirco valet à genere ſubiecto ad alias notiones generis, quas multas eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> debes igno<lb></lb>rare: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> genus, vt categoria, in quo obſeruatur communio nominis, & habetur eſſentiæ ratio: ſic <lb></lb>ſubſtantia genus eſſe poteſt immortalis & caducæ, cùm in <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> eadem nuncupatio compareat, & <lb></lb>ratio communis, quippe quae non in alio, ſed per ſe conſiſtat; & hoc verè diſtribuitur per illud differen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3821"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiarum genus, quæ dicuntur ſecundùm formam, inter quas viciſsitudo non intercedit, & propriè ſpe<lb></lb>ctantur à primo philoſopho, qui rem conſiderat quo ad eſt. </s> <s>Eſt & genus phyſicum quod conuenit <lb></lb>in materia, & obtinet differentias quæ dicuntur ſecundùm materiam, quæ inter ſe commutantur, & <lb></lb>à naturali attenduntur, quia cauſſas commutationis ſolerter explorat. </s> <s>Eſt & tertiò genus ſcibile, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>conſtat ex gemina ratione, altera quæ materiæ vicem ſuſtinet, quæ res ipſa eſt, quæ tractatur; atque <lb></lb>altera qua reſtringitur res ad certam tractandi formulam quæ ſanè, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi illi rei poſsit eſſe accidens: <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio conſiderandi ſemper accidens: ſed illud vnde petitur non neceſſariò: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe ens <lb></lb>enti accidens eſſe poteſt; quanuis illi ſit accidens, quae conſideretur quo ad ens eſt: attamen quatenus <lb></lb>eſt obiectum mentis, & ſcientiæ <expan abbr="methodiq́">methodique</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum, ex iis vnum per ſe fieri non inconuenit men<lb></lb>te ſub certa ratione rem illam comprehendente, & vnum ex iliis <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex actu & poteſtate faciente. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc nil vetat eſſe genus ſupremum, aut ex alio ordine, vt ad vnum. </s> <s>Cùm id ita ſit, commutant illi <lb></lb>genus huius tertij ſignificati cum genere phyſico vel metaphyſico. </s> <s>& eſt quidem vnum genus tertij <lb></lb>ſignificati in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſcientia; tamen non idcirco eſt vnum, vt aliis modis acceptum neceſſariò. </s> <s>Nec or<lb></lb>do partium tollit vniuocationem metaphyſicam, quanuis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vniuocatio naturalis inter corpora exi<lb></lb>ſtat, cùm inter ſe corpora commutentur quæ præcipuè ſpectantur à naturali. </s> <s>Quantum igitur eſt vni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3822"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uocum. </s> <s>Accedit & alia ratio quam ex Ariſt. </s> <s>explico: qui quidem tùm in libris de Gen. tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in li<lb></lb>bris de An. corpus ſenſile ſtatuit genus <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> elementorum; & in ea diſtribui docet per differentias ta<lb></lb>ctiles quas nuper ſecundùm materiam nuncupauimus, quae inter ſe commutantur, quod ſanè materia <lb></lb>eſſe non poteſt: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa ſenſilis eſt, vt nuper dicebat Simplicius: eſſe verò genus euincit ratio: <lb></lb>quia ſi tanquàm materia ſubijceretur qualitatib. tactilib. <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> quod ex Philopono non mul<lb></lb>tò ante recitauimus, vrgeret Ariſtotelem; quod, ne committatur à nob. </s> <s>aſſeuerandum eſt eam <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <lb></lb>fuiſſe ſententiam Ariſtotelis, vt corpus commune elementis, tanquam genus daretur; ex quo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> po<lb></lb>terat à Philopono confici, aut <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſenſus vnum eſſe, aut tactum ipſum vnum eſſe non poſſe: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>eadem ratio eſt corporis ad qualitates tactiles, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> alias differentias ſenſiles. </s> <s>quòd eæ ſunt ali<lb></lb>quid eſſentiæ, vt poſteà docebimus, hæ verò accidentia: ideò ratio generis ad illas in corpore conſer<lb></lb>uatur: hinc verò tantummodò <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> arguitur. </s> <s>Perſpicuè verò de corpore naturali meminit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>diſtinxit ab eo quod eſt de prædicamento quantitatis 2. Phyſ. vbi ponebat differen<lb></lb>tiam inter philoſophum naturalem & Mathematicum, & hoc quod eſt de prædicamento ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ, <foreign lang="grc">σῶμα</foreign> vocabat, Mathematicum potius <foreign lang="grc">στερεὸν</foreign>, & Mathematicum faciebat terminum corporis <lb></lb>naturalis. </s> <s>Et quanuis negare videatur corpus vllum eſſe quod elementis antecedat: & profiteatur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3823"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex materia <expan abbr="primisq́">primisque</expan>. </s> <s>qualitatib. fieri prima corpora, & ea quæ antiquitus elementa dicuntur: at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>repudiat ipſum corpus ſimpliciter, ſed quatenus non eſt per ſe ſubſiſtens, & in actu perfecto, & à cæ<lb></lb>teris formis ſenſilib. ſeparatum, quod veteres opinabantur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>plurib. locis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>confutatum <lb></lb>fuit, vt initio libri de ortu; & primæ qualitates acceptæ, vt eorum formæ; quia ſint eiuſmodi, vt affe<lb></lb>rant hoc materiæ, vt vltimo illo actu ſubſiſtant, & quia ſint primi gradus, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> appetitus materiæ <lb></lb>ſedetur; quae tamen eiuſmodi forma <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> non ſit in his corporib. quæ per ſe actu ſubſiſtant; non impu<lb></lb>gnat Ariſtoteles: aliter in caducis nulla ratio vniuocationis ineſſet: ſic mutuæ perpeſsionis ratio tol<lb></lb>leretur quam à <expan abbr="cõione">conione</expan> materiæ proficiſci diſcemus: ab ea verò <expan abbr="cõitatem">conitatem</expan> generis peti docet primus <lb></lb>philoſophus. </s> <s>at iam genus eſt per ſuam formam. </s> <s>Siquis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alium ipſius vſum in natura deſideret <lb></lb>cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non reclamet Auerroës; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illi deerit vſus: quandò forma hæc primus erit gradus per <lb></lb>quem materia ad perfectiores formas inſtruatur, afficiatur, & promoueatur: nam ſicuti ſi perfectè <lb></lb>album futurum ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id in octauo gradu prius in tertio, & quarto ſit neceſſe eſt; & ſic gradatim <lb></lb>tendere ad ſupremum: ita etiam natura in producendis ſubſtantiis per gradus quoſdam progredi<lb></lb>tur qui ſint formarum ſubſequentium partes, & quaſi affectiones ad poſteriores formas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfe <pb pagenum="649"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3824"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctiores, veluti de alente dicitur ad <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan>, & de hac ad mentem humanam. </s> <s>Ita fit, vt tranſmu<lb></lb>tatio nobis <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> genus oſtendat quod à <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> materia ducit, vnde genus <expan abbr="erũpit">erumpit</expan>, & ordo pro<lb></lb>ductionis <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> illud planè requirat. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aduerſus hanc <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> valent argumenta illa <lb></lb>quib. <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> roboris attribuunt ſectatores Auerrois: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi rectè <expan abbr="ſpectet̃">ſpectetur</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> vis; non eo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> contra <lb></lb><expan abbr="Auicennã">Auicennam</expan> <expan abbr="afferunt̃">afferuntur</expan>, quia poſuerit corpus de prædicamento <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>, ſed quia defenderit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> cor<lb></lb>poris in materia perpetuò, & <expan abbr="cõſtantiſsimè">conſtantiſsimè</expan> permanere, ac ſi diligenter explorentur, facilè perſpicies <lb></lb>aduerſus <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eius ſententiæ <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> habere momentum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cum obiicit primùm <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> fore <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>; verum prorſus eſt, ſi materies <expan abbr="adnexã">adnexam</expan> habeat perpetuò <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> formam. </s> <s>Pone verò tu hanc <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſicuti cęteras, <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan>; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ad <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, ſicut ad alias eſſe in potentia; quid vetabit, quo<lb></lb>minus in materia tranſmutatio <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> fiat? </s> <s><expan abbr="mutat̃">mutatur</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quęlibet forma <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> in materia, & ſpe<lb></lb>cie, & numero, vt ſuprà docuimus, vt cùm ex albo fit <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>, & reſtat <expan abbr="ſolũmodò">ſolummodò</expan> ratio <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> quæ <lb></lb>ſe habet ad <expan abbr="ſuperueniẽtes">ſuperuenientes</expan> actus, veluti materies. </s> <s>Ideò quod accedit non ineſt <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> accidens, ſed vt <lb></lb>actus & eſſentia: quapropter ea tranſmutatio pertinet ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan>. </s> <s>Siquando <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> admonet nos <lb></lb>Alexánder <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="diuersã">diuersam</expan> à materia <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan>, quod <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> mixta ſit, ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3825"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mentorũ">mentorum</expan> vero ſimplex: aliter illa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> fore, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> qualitate <expan abbr="priuatã">priuatam</expan>, <expan abbr="omniq́">omnique</expan>. </s> <s>forma <lb></lb>planè <expan abbr="carentẽ">carentem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> materiam non eſſe ſimpliciter, & <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> conſiſtere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3826"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter verò minimè, & niſi in cogitatione <expan abbr="collocatã">collocatam</expan>; ex quo ſi cum ea corporis forma permane<lb></lb>ret, vt nos opinamur; compoſita eſſet: eius dicta ſic interpretari licebit, vt diſſerat de formis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>actus abſolutus exiſtendi datus eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> media <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>, aut viæ ſunt ad alios perfectiores actus aſſe<lb></lb>quendos, cuiuſmodi ſunt <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formæ quæ ſeorſum per ſe terminant naturæ progreſſum: <lb></lb>quapropter id eſt compoſitum, quod ex hoc formarum genere exiſtit; ex altero formarum gene<lb></lb>re compoſitio non exſtat. </s> <s>Itaque corporis forma quia per ſe actum exiſtendi non elargitur, ſed in <lb></lb>alium quendam actum inſtituta eſt; aliunde conſtituitur, neque in materia compoſitionem facit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſententia non abhorret à placitis Ariſtotelis; quia, tametſi perſpicuè collocatur aër in ordine <lb></lb>corporum ſimplicium, tamen illum ex aſpiratione & vapore componit Ariſtoteles: etenim & hæc <lb></lb>ſunt imperfecta corpora, vt ſemina in quorum conſtitutione non ſedat impetum ſuum naturæ, <lb></lb>ſed vlterius quoque promouere conatur. </s> <s>Proptereà non omnis coniunctio formæ cum materia <lb></lb>compoſitum efficit, ſed vbi fuerit ex illo ordine qui ſuo ipſius actu contentus eſt. </s> <s>Quocirca ad <lb></lb>ſecundùm Auerrois argumentum quod erat tale, Materiam non futuram in potentia ad hanc for<lb></lb>mam corporis, quòd eam ſemper habeat actu; ſic dici poterit, ad eam ſic fore in potentia, quem<lb></lb>admodum ipſa mutatur; etenim forma omnis vel materialiter, vel formaliter alia fit in mutatio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3827"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne, & ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> formarum genus materiæ poteſtas concedi poteſt: & ego hîc quæram eo conſti<lb></lb>tuto, quòd nullum corpus ſit ſine colore, ſit'ne in materia poteſtas ad colorem, an non? </s> <s>ſi minus; <lb></lb>nec igitur ad omnem formam: ſi fuerit; ergo erit in potentia ad id quod ſemper habet actu. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>mutatio nulla. </s> <s>Sed ad omnes eſt in potentia, quia ad omnes ſpecie <expan abbr="numeroq́">numeroque</expan>. </s> <s>differentes quomo<lb></lb>do etiam mutatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Atque ego te ſemper ad monui potentiam in materia eſſe per ſe indetermina<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3828"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tam, non vniuerſalem, & ad hoc & illud, non ad genera ſimpliciter. </s> <s>eodem modo eſt mutatio ad <lb></lb>corpus. </s> <s>Quid etiam vetat formas quæ accedunt materiæ, fore diuiduas, & hanc corporis item, <lb></lb>cùm reperiat in materia diſtantiam, ſeu quantitatem interminatam, vel eiuſmodi quæ ab antece<lb></lb>dente forma terminos impetrauerit? </s> <s>Ita nulla neceſsitas eſt argumentorum Auerrois contra ſen<lb></lb>tentiam noſtram, neque omnino contra formam corporis, ſed aduerſus Auicennam ſolùm qui ta<lb></lb>lem formam omnibus modis immutabilem in materia ponebat. </s> <s>Non me latet etiam Achillinum <lb></lb>in hanc problematis partem acerrimè fuiſſe inuectum. </s> <s>Verùm & ipſe eodem nomine redargui <lb></lb>poteſt quo alij ſectatores Auerrois à nobis paullò ante reprehenſi ſunt, & ea quæ ipſe opponit eiſ<lb></lb>dem principiis innituntur quæ nuper in aliorum placitis indicauimus. </s> <s>idcirco quæ hactenus diſpu<lb></lb>tata ſunt in præſentia ſufficiant. </s> <s>Argumentorum verò Philoponi, cùm ex iis ea tollantur de quibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3829"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſthac dicendum eſt; ad illum locum ſolutio reiicietur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3815"></margin.target>a c. </s> <s>de ſpe<lb></lb>cie 3. de <lb></lb>cęlo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3816"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3817"></margin.target>b T. c. 116.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3818"></margin.target>c 3. de An. <lb></lb>T. 50.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3819"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3820"></margin.target>a 7. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3821"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3822"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3823"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3824"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3825"></margin.target>a 1 de An. <lb></lb>c. 2. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3826"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3827"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3828"></margin.target>b Præd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3829"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliæ doctiſſimorum virorum rationes recitantur contra corporis formam. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVE ea quę de corporis forma dicta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> hactenus, pro re nobis ſatis eſſe <expan abbr="videbant̃">videbantur</expan>: verùm <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> nos hęc profeſsi fuiſſemus, oblata <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> nob. </s> <s>ſcripta <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan> arida modo <lb></lb>pumice, vt ille inquit, expolita, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> veteri Auerrois <expan abbr="aſſeclarũ">aſſeclarum</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩæ">ſninæ</expan> conatu <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> patrocinati <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>; &, vt <lb></lb>ingenuè fateamur, ſic <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="tractatũt">tractarunt</expan>, vt nihil accuratius, nihil ſubtilius <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> apud <expan abbr="quenquã">quenquam</expan> legerimus: <lb></lb><expan abbr="visũ">visum</expan> non eſt id <expan abbr="cõmittere">committere</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ſilẽtio">ſilentio</expan> pręteriremus, & illis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nr̃i">nostri</expan> decreti <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> quoquo pacto <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> red<lb></lb>deremus; nec ſanè quia <expan abbr="cõſiliũ">conſilium</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> ſit illos qui <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> via ſuas operas in <expan abbr="illuſtrãda">illuſtranda</expan> veritate <expan abbr="col-locarũt">col<lb></lb>locarunt</expan>, accuſare, ne vel inanis <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> glorio lę captatores exiſtimemur, quę ſępe de <expan abbr="cęterorũ">cęterorum</expan> virtu<lb></lb>te <expan abbr="deterẽdo">deterendo</expan> <expan abbr="cõparari">comparari</expan> <expan abbr="putat̃">putatur</expan>, vel inuidi & maleuoli animi, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ab <expan abbr="ĩgenua">ingenua</expan> phyloſophi ſynceritate valde <lb></lb>abhorret: verùm quae in eo perpetuò laborauimus, vt id quod olim in Ariſtotelica diſciplina poſuiſ<lb></lb>ſemus; ſiquando nouum, & <expan abbr="inauditũ">inauditum</expan>, vel obſoletum habeatur, dum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>contextibus ad Ara<lb></lb>bum, Latinorumúe ex poſitiones delabimur, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> pro viribus <expan abbr="cõfirmatũ">confirmatum</expan> fuerit; ab aduerſis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vin <pb pagenum="650"></pb>dicemus; id quod ſine diligenti iuniorum lectione, & exquiſitione accurata neutiquam ſuccedere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3830"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potuiſſet. </s> <s>Tum etiam quòd ſi eorum ſcripta in manus auditorum noſtrorum perueniſſent; niſi il<lb></lb>lorum iudicium admodùm intelligens eſſet (præut eſt hominis ingenium) titubarent ancipi<lb></lb>tes, & paullo momento ad contrarias ſententias impellerentur. </s> <s>præſertim cùm valeat multum <lb></lb>ad eas toto animo imbibendas conſuetudo, & auctoritas, & cupiunt ipſi quidem, ſi diligentius <lb></lb>aliquantò philoſophentur, non hæc confirmari ſolùm, ſed à difficultatibus prætereà repurgari; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſæpeq́">ſæpeque</expan>. </s> <s>iactant. </s> <s>At hoc aliter ille; non vidit hic. </s> <s>oportebat item & ea refutare, vt ſua nobis per<lb></lb>ſuaderet: proinde nos eiuſdem veritatis ſtudio compulſi, cùm in opus quoddam de phyſicis rebus <lb></lb>longiſsimis elucubratum vigiliis incideremus, ſuperioribus iam exaratis, ſalua illorum auctori<lb></lb>tate, & illa animi propenſione conſeruata, quæ tantæ virtuti debetur, <expan abbr="iudiciiq́">iudiciique</expan>. </s> <s>noſtri cauſſa de<lb></lb>fenſa, præſtabimus id nunc, vt illorum rationes contra decretum noſtrum, ſi quid poſsint expe<lb></lb>riamur. </s> <s>Omni igitur impetu & induſtria nonmodò ex Peripatetica philoſophia, ſed etiam ex vni<lb></lb>uerſa, hoc eſt, ex omni natura, ſiquid fortè Peripateticum lateat, hanc corporis formam exter<lb></lb>minare conantur: <expan abbr="multaq́">multaque</expan>. </s> <s>in medio ponunt, quibus hæc ſententia confutetur. </s> <s>Cùm verò non<lb></lb>nulla in expoſitione quæſtionis prætentata fuerint, & ex iis aliqua poſthàc ſuo loco tractanda ſuc<lb></lb>currant; ea nos hîc adnotabimus quæ ſuperſunt, vt omni controuerſia ſublata noſtra magis ap<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3831"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>probentur; ſi quem ſui ſtudioſum fortè inuenerint. </s> <s>Hæc verò ſunt. </s> <s>Primùm quidem, quia cùm <lb></lb>vellet Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> oſtendere generationem non eſſe motum, ſic, aut parùm diſsimiliter argu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3832"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentabatur. </s> <s>Quoruncunque non eſt idem ſubiectum, ea non ſunt eadem. </s> <s>Sed generationis <lb></lb>& motus idem ſubiectum non eſt: itaque generatio non eſt motus. </s> <s>Aſſumptio verò probatur <lb></lb>hoc modo. </s> <s>Subiectum motus eſſe debet ex eorum genere quæ ſunt, & in loco: at ſubiectum <lb></lb>generationis non eſt, neque occupat locum. </s> <s>Cùm hoc ita ſit: ſi ponamus, inquiunt, aliam for<lb></lb>mam corporis in materia; certè aliquid erit, & alicubi: quid enim illi deerit, quominus alicubi <lb></lb>ſit; quandò certam obtinet quantitatem, & actu eſt, & ſuis ipſius circunſcripta cancellis? </s> <s>aut <lb></lb>igitur ea non eſſet ſubiectum generationis, aut generatio neceſſariò motus eſſet. </s> <s>Secundò inue<lb></lb>hebatur Ariſtoteles in Antiquos ea de cauſſa, quod poſuerint ſubiectum in actu vnum, & immu<lb></lb>tabile ſecundùm ſubſtantiam, quia nulla certè generatio foret, ſed alteratio duntaxat. </s> <s>Tertio lo<lb></lb>co dum mentionem faceret Ariſtoteles de multiplici compoſitione, quæ reperitur in animali; tri<lb></lb>plicem tantùm eſſe commemorat, ex elementis quæ eſt ipſius mixti inanimi, & vniformis; ex vni<lb></lb>formibus quæ eſt difformium; poſtremò è difformibus quæ iam eſt totius animantis. </s> <s>Tum ſic ſi <lb></lb>compoſitum quippiam foret ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>corporis; iam tribus accederet hæc compoſitio: <lb></lb>ſic imperfecta eſſet Ariſtotelica diſtributio, nec prima compoſitio foret ex elementis, vt ipſe Ari<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3833"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtoteles accepit. </s> <s>Quartò concluditur idem ab elementi definitione; nanque id ponitur eſſe ele<lb></lb>mentum quod in alia ſpecie diuerſa diuidi non poteſt. </s> <s>finge tu nunc adeſſe formam corporis in <lb></lb>materia, & ex hac fieri elementum: diuiditur ergo elementum in hoc quod ſpecie differt, nimi<lb></lb>rùm in corpus. </s> <s>Prætereà forma hæc aut naturalis eſt, aut mathematica, aut metaphyſica; neque <lb></lb>verò vlla ex his poſtremis; cùm ſit in materia, nec ſine ipſa concipi queat, & certè, ſi quid eſt, ea eſt <lb></lb>forma naturalis. </s> <s>at naturalis forma non eſt: nulla igitur: nam ſi numeraretur in formis naturali<lb></lb>bus principium profectò cuiuſpiam motus eſſet; nullius autem motus eſt principium; quandò mo<lb></lb>tus omnis, vel in ſuperiorem, vel inferiorem locum eſſe ſolet, vel in orbem, aut ex his conflatus: <lb></lb>ſinguli autem certis principiis adſcribuntur ab hac forma diuerſis. </s> <s>Rurſus officium formæ eſt di<lb></lb>ſtinguere, & imponere gradum quendam materiæ: at hæc certè nihil ab alio ſepararet: quippe <lb></lb>quòd, ſiquid ea ſeparatura eſſet, id foret ſubſtantia ſeparata: per hanc enim formam corporea <lb></lb>ſubſtantia ab incorporea ſeiungeretur: ſed tales ſubſtantiæ non diſtinguuntur per huiuſmodi for<lb></lb>mam cum materię præſentia, atque carentia ſint eius diſcriminis cauſſæ potiſsimę. </s> <s>Inſuper prima <lb></lb>ratio, qua vtitur Ariſtoteles ad perducendum nos in materiæ notitiam, à motu deſumpta eſt: <lb></lb>quoniam tranſmutatio nos introduxit in materiam. </s> <s>ſ enim, ſi tale compoſitum foret, hoc ſa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3834"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nè ex motu notuiſſet, non autem materia: ſic methodus Ariſtotelis eſſet imperfecta & manca. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſtremò quæ neceſsitas obſecro talis formæ? </s> <s>vel enim exiſtet materia propter ipſam, vel materiæ <lb></lb>quantitatem, & extentionem dabit ad eum vſum, vt in pluribus partibus varias accipiat formas, <lb></lb>vel ad appetitum in materia producendum, vel ne creatio detur, vel propter materiæ motum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atqui nihil ex his eſt: nullius igitur vſus in natura, ſed omnino fruſtra. </s> <s>Quòd ſi natura fru<lb></lb>ſtra nihil efficit, neque item erit forma hæc opus naturæ. </s> <s>Quòd enim ob ipſam exiſtat materia, <lb></lb>falſum eſt: etenim ipſa per ſe eſt id quod eſt, ſine formæ vllius auxilio; quin ipſa cuilibet formæ <lb></lb>ſupponitur; neque ab ea forma proficiſcitur extentio; cùm ſit hoc totum munus quantitatis inter<lb></lb>minatæ de qua poſteà diſſeretur: neque illa cauſſa eſt appetitus: ſiquidem ipſe à priuatione du<lb></lb>cat originem, neque ante hanc formam appetitus ineſſet in materia; vnde ergo ad eam quoque <lb></lb>capeſſendam materia duceretur? </s> <s>neque à creatione periculum imminet vllo pacto; ſiquando <lb></lb>non ponatur hæc forma: nil enim formæ ſupponitur in generatione quod eius pars habendum <lb></lb>ſit; ſed aduenit ex toto materiæ: neque motus eſt materiæ prima mutatio; verùm generatio <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ primùm fit in materia; deinde accedunt ordine quodam reliqui motus. </s> <s>Hæc mihi prę <pb pagenum="651"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3835"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipua videntur, quæ contra nos valere cenſeantur, quorum item nonnulla communis erroris affi<lb></lb>nia quoquomodo iudicamus: etenimſtatuunt in materia formam hanc immutabilem ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, quam nos tamen aliqua ratione mutabilem eſſe defendimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3830"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3831"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3832"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3833"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3834"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3835"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reliquę rationes contra formam corporis allatę diluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT nunc ſingula percurramus: ſic enim falſitas cuiuſque facilius iudicabitur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò <lb></lb>primi illius argumenti poteſtas, & robur aſſumptionis approbatione conſiſtit; ad eam nos <lb></lb>conuertamus. </s> <s>ea ſic habet. </s> <s>Subiectum motus eſt aliquid, & alicubi: ſubiectum verò generatio<lb></lb>nis, nec quicquam eſt, nec vllum habet locum in quo conſiſtat. </s> <s>Ego tametſi dicere poſſem ad hoc, <lb></lb>quemadmodum ille ipſe auctor <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſcripſit alicubi propoſitionis illius ſenſum euoluens; vide<lb></lb>licet ſubiectum generationis eſſe duplex, & materiam, & id quod verè generatur, eſt autem com<lb></lb>poſitum: neque enim materia dicitur generari, ſed homo; hoc autem eſt id quod non eſt in loco, <lb></lb>quia non eſt; nam, dum fit homo, quatenus fit, non eſt: de eo verò quod non eſt, quatenus non <lb></lb>eſt; nihil prædicatur: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>poſſem ita diluere obiectionem negando materiam cum forma cor<lb></lb>poris eſſe tale ſubiectum, quale, vel ipſo auctore deſcripſit ibi Ariſtoteles, atque ita eius propugna<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3836"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>culis vti, quod ipſum forte præteriit, vt fit humanitus, cùm in hoc totus eſſet, vt corporis formam <lb></lb>repelleret. </s> <s>addam tamen id effici quod obiiciunt, ſi forma hæc materiam ſic conſtituat, vt per <lb></lb>ipſam prorſus exiſtat, aut quòd ſine vlla mutatione perpetuò maneat affixa materiæ: tunc enim <lb></lb>foret actu materia, <expan abbr="locuſq́">locuſque</expan>. </s> <s>occuparet, ſed ea forma ſuperueniente non eſt amplius materia ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, ſed ex ipſa & forma fit vnum quoddam compoſitum, quod eſt corpus de prædicamento <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, & iam hoc eſt aliquid actu, & in loco per ſe, materia quædam ſecunda. </s> <s>Quòd ſi obii<lb></lb>cias etiam materiam actu in loco futuram, quia nunquam ab hac forma diuellatur, & ita nos eiſ<lb></lb>dem nexibus retineri conuinces. </s> <s>An hic laqueus bifariam ſolui poteſt: etenim id ſequeretur, ſi <lb></lb>corporis forma penitus eadem ſeruaretur; ſed eſt ex eo formarum genere quæ cum perficiantur ab <lb></lb>alus; earum quoque aduentu ſpeciem mutant, & ſi remanent; ita remanent quòd ſuperſtites ſunt, <lb></lb>vt materia, ſecundùm formam verò extinguuntur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim eſt idem ad numerum corpus quod <lb></lb>erat in ſemine, & eſt poſteà cum homine: proptereà remanet quodammodo materia mera. </s> <s>Dici <lb></lb>etiam poteſt, quodcunque ex iis quæ ſunt, quod aliquo pacto materię rationem occupauit; hoc eſt, <lb></lb>vim retinet poteſtatis ad aliquid, eſſe non ens, & attributis entis ob eam cauſſam vacare. </s> <s>ſic corpus, <lb></lb>cùm & per ſe ſit corpus, & materia viuentis, vt corpus, in loco eſt; quoniam actu conſiſtit, vt ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3837"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teria vero non eſt, quòd tantummodò exiſtit poteſtate. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi materiæ merita ſpecten<lb></lb>tur; eam nullibi eſſe pronunciatum eſt; <expan abbr="eamq.">eamque</expan> ſic conſiderauit in eo loco Philoſophus, & aſſeruit <lb></lb>id quod non eſt, eſſe ſubiectum generationis, neque vllibi eſſe, neque item motus eſſe ſubiectum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hęc verò à doctrina Ariſtotelis aliena non eſſe partim conſtat è ſuperioribus, vbi oſtenſum eſt ma<lb></lb>teriam generationis cum quodam actu ſemper eſſe coniunctam, partim ex iis quæ teſtatus eſt Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles in libris de Gen. cùm docuit quantum fieri ſemper è quanto, ſed hoc quantum ex alio quan<lb></lb>to, non hoc. </s> <s>quare cùm ſit quantum, eſt actu, & in loco; quatenus autem non eſt hoc; idem & non <lb></lb>eſt, & nullum occupat locum. </s> <s>Sed quid hoc loco diutius inſiſto, cum etiam lib. ſuperiore, dum <lb></lb><expan abbr="reſponderẽ">reſponderem</expan> ad Thomiſtas pro multitudine formarum, vim ſententiæ illius ſedulò expoſuerim. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod verò pertinet ad ſecundum: id etiam communi errore laborat: quandò hanc formam non <lb></lb>ponimus immutabilem, neque materiam cum eadem forma corporis aſsiduè permanentem, <lb></lb>ſed variabilem. </s> <s>proptereà non eſt omnis materiæ mutatio motus, & alteratio, ſed eſt aliqua ge<lb></lb>neratio: & quanuis cum ea forma materia ſit actu, quia tamen actus ille imperfectus eſt, quòd <lb></lb>ad reliquas formas obtinet rationem poteſtatis, non tollitur item hoc pacto generatio, ſiquan<lb></lb>do pfectiores aliæ formæ ſuperuenerint. </s> <s>æquè enim eſt àc ſi poteſtati nouus actus accedat, vt etiam <lb></lb>ſuprà demonſtratum eſt. </s> <s>Cùm inquiunt fore, vt compoſitio triplex non ſit, ſed quadruplex; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3838"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neque prima ex elementis: tametſi de hoc anteà ad Alexandrum aliqua dicta ſunt, tamen pro<lb></lb>pter auctoritatem aduerſarij non nihil etiam repetere non grauabor. </s> <s>Fateor planè compoſitio<lb></lb>nem eſſe multiplicem, neque omnem ab Ariſtotele recitatam in libris de partibus, ſed eam quæ <lb></lb>eſſet rei, non rationis, & ex ſubſtantiis per ſe ſubſiſtentibus & materiæ vim in animantis corpo<lb></lb>re occuparet, non vt ex forma & materia; nec è principiis quæ naturæ motum non finiunt, cu<lb></lb>iuſmodi ſunt halitus & aſpirationes è quibus aëre componi docuit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>quinimmo cùm <lb></lb>corpora perfecta, tribus modis componantur, vel per appoſitionem, ſalua figura & ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia rerum quæ miſcentur, vel per confuſionem, vbi ex diuiſione propriæ vires amittuntur; vt <lb></lb>in pharmacis, vel per mixtionem, ſi ſalua ſubſtantia virtutes elementorum & principiorum <lb></lb>componentium per totum extenduntur quæ iam mixti ipſius eſt: huic ſuccedat vniformium <lb></lb>compoſitio; ab hac difformium, mox compoſitio totius accedat: apparet non omnes compo<lb></lb>ſitionum ſpecies ab Ariſtotele fuiſſe numeratas, ſed eas tantùm quæ ad viuens proximè perti<lb></lb>nerent, & materiam complecterentur: atqui compoſitio ex materia & corpore; ex corpo<lb></lb>re & differentiis ſenſilibus eſt, vt ex materia & forma de qua ſanè verbum nullum in eo loco. <pb pagenum="652"></pb>Quantum verò eſt de elementi definitione: ea certè accipienda eſt analogicè, prout etiam multa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3839"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>analogicè comprehendit elementum: accipitur enim communiter, nonnunquam propriè, & om<lb></lb>nes cauſſæ dicuntur elementa, tum cauſſæ internæ, mox prima corpora quæ actu ſubſiſtunt & <expan abbr="vnũ-quodq.">vnun<lb></lb>quodque</expan> elementum eſt, & in aliud nullum ſpecie diuerſum reſolui poteſt, quatenus elementum. <lb></lb></s> <s>verbi gratia in ordine corporum actu exiſtentium quattuor corpora ignis, aër & reliqua ſunt ele<lb></lb>menta, quòd in aliud nullum corpus retexi valent, quod per ſe exiſtat; non ſic partes difformes, <lb></lb>quia reſoluuntur in vniformes, & hæ conſtant à corporibus ſimplicibus, attamen nihil prohibet, vt <lb></lb>in alia ratione differentia diſſoluantur, vtputa in materiam & formam, aut etiam in alia quæ per<lb></lb>fectæ ſpecies non ſint, veluti de aëre docuit Ariſtoteles, dum ipſum in halitum <expan abbr="ſpiritumq́">ſpiritumque</expan>. </s> <s>diſſoluit. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic reſoluitur elementum in corpus, non vt in materiam, ſed vt in genus & eſſentiæ partem; nec ea <lb></lb>ratione qua ponitur ipſum elementum eſſe cęteris corporibus. </s> <s>Non immoror autem in eo, quòd <lb></lb>hæc forma ſit naturalis, aut mathematica, aut metaphyſica. </s> <s>Do illam eſſe formam naturalem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo, inquies, erit principium motus: erit planè. </s> <s>at cuius'nam obſecro? </s> <s>non aſcenſus, non deſcen<lb></lb>ſus, non conuerſionis, & nullius igitur. </s> <s>omnium inquàm, ſed principium imperfectum, quod cum <lb></lb>leuitate concurrit ad aſcenſum, cum grauitate verò ad deſcenſum: itaque etiam nihil moueri po<lb></lb>teſt, niſi corpus. </s> <s>Et id conuincit Ariſtotelis conſilium, qui demonſtrauerit omne quod mouetur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3840"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe neceſſariò quantum 6. Phyſicorum. </s> <s>Formam verò diſtinguere; corporis autem formam ne<lb></lb>quaquàm: multiplex eſt & à nobis hoc loco ſigillatim perquirendum. </s> <s>Nam diſtinguere in for<lb></lb>mis, accipi poteſt pro eo quod eſt cohibere, & coërcere certius quibuſdam terminis profuſionem, <lb></lb>& infinitatem materiæ: ex quo efficitur, vt cuiuſque rei naturalis determinata ſit ratio in magni<lb></lb>tudine & paruitate: proptereà forma ſibi vendicans certam materiæ portionem reliquam relin<lb></lb>quens aliis formis, ſeparat, & diſtinguit. </s> <s>hoc item officium nos primùm tribuimus ei formæ quam <lb></lb>corporis eſſe dicimus; etenim illi ſubiicitur infinita materia nullos terminos habens; ea dat mate<lb></lb>riæ terminos, atque eos quidem latiſsimè patentes; quippe quæ communiſsima ſit, & capax alia<lb></lb>rum omnium formarum naturalium: quare vbicunque termini ſint in materia, communis huiuſ<lb></lb>modi formæ ratio neceſſe eſt intercedat, & tum maximè, cùm certi materiæ termini apparent; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>tamen adhuc generatio completa eſt, vt, dum aqua vertitur in aërem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́">Cumque</expan>. </s> <s>omnis forma natu<lb></lb>ralis habeat eam vim, vt coërceat infinitatem materiæ, dabimus huic formæ primum, atque imper<lb></lb>fectum gradum eius finitionis; vltimum, atque perfectum formis extremis, vnde ſpecialiſsimæ <lb></lb>ſpecies exiſtunt: nam quòd ſint varij finitionum gradus in materia; ſatis patet in procreatione <lb></lb>apum, atque aliorum animalium, velut equi & hominis: ſiquidem in vtero quod primum com<lb></lb>prehenditur, eſt paruæ molis, & in eo vita plantæ ſolummodò exiſtit: ſuppetente materia quidam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3841"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſus adeſt, itaque eſt ſimpliciter animal, vt cùm adhuc in apibus</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3836"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3837"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3838"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3839"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3840"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3841"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>texeris tepefactus in oſſibus humor</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AEstuat, & in viſenda modis animalia miris</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Trunca pedum primò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>ſed tum ſunt apes vbi</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-stridentia pinuis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Miſcentur, <expan abbr="tenuemq.">tenuemque</expan> magis, magis aëra captant<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>aut etiam vbi ex pluuia tempore æſtiuo ranæ gignuntur, quarum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Altera pars viuit, rudis eſt pars altera tellus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>neque enim tum abſolutæ ſunt ranæ, ſed cùm exiliunt, atque coaxant. </s> <s>Sic ergo & varij formarum <lb></lb>gradus varios terminos materiæ flagitant. </s> <s>Quòd igitur termini <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> formæ ſic proprij ſunt, vt <lb></lb>ſui <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> debeantur; inde eſt, vt <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> forma facultate diſtinguendi ſit prædita. </s> <s>Sed tranſeamus <lb></lb>ad alteram diſtinctionem, & doceamus quantum formæ conueniat ſeparare id cuius eſt forma, <lb></lb>quod pertinet ad eſſentiam, quod planè acceptum fuiſſe arbitror in ſexto argumento. </s> <s>Porrò om<lb></lb>nis forma diſtinguit determinans potentiam materię ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> partem contradictionis, cùm <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe ipſam reſpiciat; necnon exhibens cuique proprium eſſe, quo ab omni alia re ſeparatur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3842"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Et hæc diſtinctio multis modis à forma præſtatur: etenim priuatio per ipſam diſtinguitur ab alia <lb></lb>priuatione; necnon poteſtas quæ ordinatur ad ipſam: conſimiliter aliqua forma diſcinguitur ab <lb></lb>alia tanquàm primum in eorum ordine quæ ſunt ad vnum, atque id vel ad nos, vel ex natu<lb></lb>ra, in quibus à nobis ponitur compoſitio rationis, vt pòſt abundè oſtendemus: aut etiam quod <lb></lb>pertinet ad vniuoca, diſtinctio ſolet afferri à forma bifariam; vel quòd ponat in re cuius eſt for<lb></lb>ma, rationis ſolius diſcrimen, aut etiam rei: nanque animal ex ratione propria diſtinguitur ab <lb></lb>homine: itaque verè dicimus hominem non eſſe animal: idem quoque animal non modò per ra<lb></lb>tionem, verùm etiam reipſa ſeparatur à planta, atque inde ratio differentiæ conſtituitur: nam <lb></lb>cęteroquin alia diuerſa ſunt. </s> <s>Cùm hæc ita ſint; dicimus per formam corporis ſubſtantiam <lb></lb>compoſitam à ſimplici & incorporea ſegregari quo ad nos, quòd ex ordine naturæ contrà ſe <lb></lb>res habet: per eam formam diſtinguitur ſubſtantiæ genus à cæteris prædicamentis; per eandem <lb></lb>quoque ſeiungitur ſummum genus à ſubalternis, & ſpecie ſpecialiſsima. </s> <s>At inquies, per ma<lb></lb>teriam diſtingui ſubſtantiam corpoream ab incorporea. </s> <s>Dico rem ſecus eſſe; cum materia per <lb></lb>ſe indiſtincta ſit, & omnem diſtinctionem petat à forma, ſed quia forma ſeſe nobis oſtendit per <pb pagenum="653"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3843"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiam ſenſilem, & nunquàm forma corporis à materia ſeparatur; nos igitur materiæ tri<lb></lb>buimus, vt cauſſæ rei, quod tribuendum eſt, vt cauſſæ cognitionis, nec quidem perfectæ, ne <lb></lb>fallaris; ſed illius quam præſtat ſenſus, qui ſemper in eo verſatur quod eſt hoc aliquid, & <lb></lb>materia concretum & lubricum; vbi nos quod perpetuò cohæret difficile diſiungere valentes, <lb></lb>ſocio (vt eſt humanum ingenium) damus, non ei, quod eſt princeps: quaſi ſic in eo ludamus, <lb></lb>vt Pop. </s> <s>R. in Bibuli ludis: nam cum ædiles eſſent: impenſam fecit Bibulus; nihilominus <lb></lb>Cæſari ſunt attributi. </s> <s>Vt ad hoc diſtinguendum exprompto iudicio ſæpe eſt opus. </s> <s>Video ve<lb></lb>rò 7. illò ſpectare, vt arceat à corpore rationem materiæ; ſiquidem efficiatur ex hoc, vt tranſ<lb></lb>mutatio nos in corporis notitiam perducere debeat, non autem materiæ. </s> <s>Verùm fac corpus <lb></lb>continere formam, cui more aliarum formarum materia ſubſternatur: motus, ſeu mutatio ſic nos <lb></lb>ad notitiam materiæ deducit, vt ſemper actu innitatur, vt è duobus actibus ferè ſit compoſitus, <lb></lb>nempè duobus terminis à quo & ad quem; horum autem viciſsitudo eſt circum idem ſubiectum; <lb></lb>id nos materiam facimus. </s> <s>& motus, cùm ſit commune ad vnum; ſeorſum quiſque nobis aperit <lb></lb>materiam, quatenus illi motui ſubiicitur; vnde per augmentum quanti materia quę eſt diſtantia, <lb></lb>cognoſcitur; per lationem materies ipſius vbi, vt dictum eſt, interuentu ſemper earum formarum <lb></lb>quæ commutantur, atque id omnes materiæ gradus attingit, vt ſi mutatio fiat inter rationis com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3844"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pos & impos; agnoſcatur animal, quod remanet, ſi inter animal & plantam animatum, & ex eo, <lb></lb>quòd non eſt idem corpus, quod erat antè inanimum, poſt animam ſumpſit, etiam rationem com<lb></lb>munem corporis ſuperſtitem eſſe perſpicimus, quam volumus eorum eſſe materiam, & cùm è par<lb></lb>uo magnum fiat; corpus & magnitudinem mutari videmus, <expan abbr="eiq́ue">eique</expan> ſubiectum eſſe diſtantiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic etiam per mutationem corporis, quod eſt de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, ſubſtantiam eſſe intel<lb></lb>ligimus, quæ varias corporum formas ſuſtineat. </s> <s>Vides igitur optimè vt motus, dum monſtrat no<lb></lb>bis corpus, nos item in notitiam materiæ primæ perducat; etenim huius formæ nulla alia antece<lb></lb>dit: cognoſcis etiam, vt, dum motus in materiam corporis deducit; ſimul etiam materiam nobis <lb></lb>oſtendit; accidit enim vt & circum illud aliqua mutatio fiat, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ad vlteriores formas promouetur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eſt ſecunda materia. </s> <s>Quare motus indicat materiam, proxime'ne an remotè; primam'ne an <lb></lb>ſecundam, neque ait, neque inficiatur Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Falſum eſt igitur aſſumptum. </s> <s>Poſtrema non <lb></lb>peccat, vel quòd aliqua pars aſſumpti ſit falſa, vel quia non accipiat omnia membra diuiſionis: <lb></lb>etenim aliæ ſunt cauſſæ propter quas detur ea forma communis, vtputa; quia ſit primus ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>gradus, & affectio materię ad formas perfectiores accipiendas. </s> <s>Cur etiam non eſt in ea forma com<lb></lb>muni priuatio formarum poſteriorum, quibus ſubſternitur, & per illam appetitus in materia? <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3845"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quis contra hoc aliquod intendet tormentum è Peripateticorum ſupellectile quod habeat vim pro<lb></lb>pulſandi cauſſas iſtas? </s> <s>nullus, opinor.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3842"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3843"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3844"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3845"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponitur quæſtio de quantitate interminata. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TRANSEAMVS nunc ad alterum genus quanti quod accidens eſſe perhibetur, & prima <lb></lb>ſpecies quanti, vt tandem aliqua de illius productione dicamus. </s> <s>Hæc autem quæſtio tractata <lb></lb>eſt ab eruditiſsimis viris ita ſubtiliter, vt vix ab eorum laqueis effugere valeamus: certant enim <expan abbr="ſe-cũ">ſe<lb></lb>cum</expan> Auerrois & D. Thomæ ſectatores: (etenim ab Auerroë primùm hæc opinio manauit) vbi verò <lb></lb>litigant hę partes; rem ſic dubiam <expan abbr="perplexamq́">perplexamque</expan>. </s> <s>reddunt, vt Oedipo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> opus ſit. </s> <s>Diſſerunt igitur <lb></lb>hi philoſophi de æternitate quantitatis, atque hi materiam volunt comitem ſibi adiunctam habere <lb></lb>quantitatem: alij contrà conantur oſtendere, eandem numero quantitatem cum duabus formis ſi<lb></lb>bi ſuccedentibus non poſſe conſiſtere. </s> <s>Sunt qui defendant <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> factionem: quoniam verò nil <lb></lb>aliud faciunt, niſi quòd cùm <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> partis argumenta diluere ſtudeant; <expan abbr="rationũ">rationum</expan> <expan abbr="aduerſarũ">aduerſarum</expan> debili<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3846"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatem ſignificant, & id efficiunt, vt doceant potius quid pro falſo repudiandum, quàm id quod pro <lb></lb>vero habendum ſit; eorum rationem habeamus, quantum res ipſa patitur apud eos qui in verita<lb></lb>tem toto pectore incumbunt. </s> <s>Pertinebit item quæſtio noſtra ad ea quæ de generatione quondam <lb></lb>expoſita fuerunt, cuius occaſio quoque ex ipſiuſmet Ariſtotelis oratione depromitur: etenim di<lb></lb>cebat ipſe eadem eſſe vniuerſarum mutationum <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, materiam, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & oppoſitum; & mate<lb></lb>riam eſſe poteſtate, ſic ex ea fieri ſubſtantiam, quòd eſſet poteſtate ſubſtantia, & actu quantum, <lb></lb>quia foret potentia quantum. </s> <s>quare cùm quod poteſt eſſe, quatenus poteſt, non ſit; ſequebatur, <lb></lb>vt à non quanto produceretur; id verò fieri non poſſe oſtenſum eſt anteà. </s> <s>Difficultas quidem ma<lb></lb>xima, quam vt philoſophi ſapientiſsimi tollerent, aſſeuerarunt varia de quantitate quæ'nam ſit ſci<lb></lb>licet huiuſmodi quantitas, & quemadmodum inſit in materia, <expan abbr="magnaq́">magnaque</expan>. </s> <s>lis inter illos de vtroque <lb></lb>exorta eſt. </s> <s>Quid de ipſa Philoponus dixerit, ante audiſti, quid item profeſſus fuerit Auicen<lb></lb>na, quæ contra Philoponum diſputarit Simplicius, expoſuimus ſuprà. </s> <s>Quoniam verò in Aui<lb></lb>cennam ex Auerroë tantùm nomine ſumus inuecti, quòd poſuerit in materia corporis for<lb></lb>mam de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ fixam & permanentem; nihil autem ad quantitatem perti<lb></lb>neret; hæc fortaſſe ex Auerrois diſciplina repetita licebit afferre. </s> <s>Cùm forma hæc corporis, <pb pagenum="654"></pb>quam in categoria ſubſtantiæ collocamus, ipſi quanto præcedat, igitur neque per ſe, neque per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3847"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidens diuidi poterit: anteit enim, cùm ſit forma ſubſtantiæ, reliquas omneis: ergo etiam <lb></lb>quantum: ab eo verò proficiſcitur omnis ratio diuidendi: ſiquidem accidentia materiam non in<lb></lb>forment, niſi per formam quæ ſit de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ: proptereà, quanuis omnium for<lb></lb>marum ſit capax, cum quodam ordine tamen obtinet illam habilitatem: vnde efficitur, vt ac<lb></lb>cidentia proximè fundentur compoſito; materia verò prima remotè. </s> <s>Si res ita ſit, vna igitur aderit <lb></lb>forma ſolùm materiæ; quamobrem ex iis vnum quiddam fiet indiuiduum, & atque illud immo<lb></lb>bile, neque enim mouetur quicquam, niſi diuidatur. </s> <s>Quia verò poſſet aduerſarius oppone<lb></lb>re, formas ſuapte natura diſtingui gradibus quibuſdam interiectis, quibus ab optimo & perfectiſsi<lb></lb>mo diſtant, quod ſanè aliunde <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> obtinuerunt, ſed habent inſitum prorſus, & ingenitum; at de ea<lb></lb>dem forma ſaltem, velut equi, & platani conſtanter enunciari poterit: nam cùm per ſe non diſtin<lb></lb>guatur, ſed priuilegio ſubiecti; niſi ſit in eo continuitas, & ratio numeri; neutiquam diſtingui pote<lb></lb>rit, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic vnus equus, & platanus vna, atque illa quidem quæ diuidi nequeat. </s> <s>Idcirco nonnulli, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3848"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vniuerſa hæc incommoda euitarent, poſuerunt in materia quoddam genus quantitatis quod inter<lb></lb>minatum vocant; tametſi in ipſo explicando diſcrimen aliquod extat inter auctores, quibuſdam <lb></lb>putantibus eandem re prorſus eſſe quantitatem terminatam & actu, atque eam quæ foret intermi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3849"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nata: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſignificant hæc, inquiunt, differentem quandam naturam, ſed modum, rationem, <lb></lb>ſiue habitudinem; quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>huiuſmodi ſit ad formam futuram, quia nondum certos terminos <lb></lb>ad illam conſecuta fuerit. </s> <s>aliter alij, nimirùm quòd hæc quantitas intrinſecùs inhæreret materiæ, <lb></lb>quà materia foret, omni ratione formę ſecluſa, & quemadmodum materia diuerſas formas accipe<lb></lb>re poteſt, habetur autem in formis, quae careat ipſis, ſic cum quantitas in variis materiæ portionibus <lb></lb>diuerſos terminos accipere queat, quae nullos habeat certos, interminata vocetur: quaſi terminatum <lb></lb>& interminatum ſe habeant ad materiam, veluti forma & priuatio: proptereà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſicuti materia <lb></lb>ſupponitur omni formę; non alia ratione ferunt quantitatem ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma requiri quę pertineat ad <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> materiæ ſuperuenerit: inde effici, vt formæ, quæ perficiunt ſubſtantiam, <lb></lb>per accidens diuidi, multiplicari, & moueri poſsint. </s> <s>Omnes tamen illam in materia perpetuam fa<lb></lb>ciunt, cum propter ortum, vt nuper expoſitum eſt, tum quòd vbi quippiam debeat augeri, neceſ<lb></lb>ſaria ſit acceſsio nouæ materiæ: ita vt ſi nulla prorſus acceſſerit; nihil fiat maius. </s> <s>Signo igitur hoc <lb></lb>eſt quantitatem inſidere ſic in materia, vt ab ea nunquàm diuelli queat. </s> <s>Rurſus, ſi quantitas æter<lb></lb>na non eſſet, ſed tranſiret in aliud, quemadmodum reliquæ formę, ex non corpore fieret corpus, <lb></lb>& ex non quanto quantum produceretur: nam quantitas quidem formæ præcedentis abiret; vnde <lb></lb>verò ad ſuccedentem noua quantitas adueniret, nihil eſſet. </s> <s>Prætereà nulla cauſſa eſt, cur quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3850"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>titas aliquando deleatur: nanque omne quod interit, aut à contrario corrumpitur, aut tollitur vnà <lb></lb>cum ſubiecto, ſed quantitas contrario caret, eius ſubiectum quod eſt materia, nequit interire. <lb></lb></s> <s>Additur illud. </s> <s>Si noua quantitas oriretur; lationem temporis puncto futuram: nam quando è ter<lb></lb>ra fit ignis, vt primùm ſubſtantiæ forma inducta eſt, extant etiam dimenſiones ignis quæ locum, <lb></lb>& ſpatium maius occupant, quàm terræ dimenſiones: ergo vel dimenſiones continentis erunt <lb></lb>vnà cum dimenſionibus corporis quod nuper genitum fuerit, vel continens locum cedet: primum <lb></lb>ſanè dicere non licet: quandò corpora ſeſe non penetrant: cedet igitur dimenſioni continens: at<lb></lb>qui ceſsio latio quædam eſt: ergo latio fiet vnà cum dimenſionibus corporis quod ante genitum <lb></lb>eſt, ſed hæ cum forma rei ſunt inductæ, <expan abbr="temporiſq́">temporiſque</expan>. </s> <s>puncto cum ipſa forma accedunt: igitur & <lb></lb>ipſa ceſsio: proinde latio temporis puncto fiet. </s> <s>Contra hos ex D. Thoma: quia ſic eueniret, vt <lb></lb>vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>accidens in diuerſis ſubiectis ſpecie <expan abbr="numeroq́ue">numeroque</expan> differentibus ſeruaretur: id verò ex <lb></lb>illis eſt quæ fieri non poſſunt. </s> <s>Seorſum verò contra primam ſententiam: nanque ea tollit potentia <lb></lb>quantum quod materia fundatur: illa enim ſola ab Ariſtotele ponitur potentia quantum, & actu <lb></lb>quantum fieri dicitur: at ſi ita eſſet, quemadmodum illi dicunt; certè poteſtas & actus ſola quan<lb></lb>titate niterentur. </s> <s>Confirmatur etiam, quia ſunt eadem elementa ſubſtantiæ, & quantitatis analo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3851"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gicè: actus igitur, & potentia quanti, non in quanto reſidet, quatenus huiuſmodi, ſed in elemen<lb></lb>tis, quæ ſunt materia & forma. </s> <s>Huc accedit quòd interminatam eandem reipſa cum terminata eſ<lb></lb>ſe volunt; quaſi nunquàm interminata ſit à terminata ſeiuncta: eſt enim, inquiunt, interminata <lb></lb>ſolùm ad formam futuram, ſed dicant mihi, cùm ex aqua fit aër, nec dum eſt; ſit'ne illa termina<lb></lb>ta quantitas ad aquam, quæ eſt in aſsiduo fluxu, & illi ineſt præter naturam, non arbitror equidem <lb></lb>eos terminatam eſſe dicturos. </s> <s>Contra ſecundam verò, quia ſumitur in ea quantitas, quatenus ac<lb></lb>cidens quoddam, ſed accidens per ſe, & proximè non inhæret in materia, nec ſine forma quæ ſit de <lb></lb>prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, poteſt adeſſe ſubſtantiæ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3846"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3847"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3848"></margin.target>a 5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3849"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3850"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3851"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In medio ponuntur aliæ veterum rationes contra quantitatem intermina<lb></lb>tam. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERAT id mihi certum & hoc loco quam multa prætermittere quæ contra genus hoc quantita<lb></lb>tis à Latinis olim recitata fuiſſent: quia verò & ad hæc à grauiſsimis viris ſedulò <expan abbr="ſubtiliterq́">ſubtiliterque</expan>. <pb pagenum="655"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3852"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſponſum fuiſſe nouimus; huius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> temporis ac loci fore viſum eſt, ſi rationes <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> diligentius <lb></lb>exquireremus, vt iudicare liceat, ſatis'ne ex his noſtris explicentur. </s> <s>Quanquam verò plura ſunt quæ <lb></lb>ſolent à veterib. afferri, nos illa ſecernemus, vnde occaſio præbeatur ea notandi quæ diſſentiant ab il<lb></lb>lis, quæ à nob. </s> <s>poſita ſunt, vt <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> concinant, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> concordent, illud vnum, quoad fieri poteſt, co<lb></lb>nantib. vt Socrati pareamus: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> is <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Gorgiæ dicebat multò præſtare lyram & chorum cui ſis præpo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3853"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſitus, eſſe ſibi diſcordem; & complures homines oratione ſua reſponſare, quàm à teipſo diſſentire. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nos verò hęc in præſenti volumine approbamus: & ea, noſtra quidem ſententia, ſunt ita vera, vt <lb></lb>eius rationis iudicio quæ petitur à ſenſu, & experientia; refutari non valeant. </s> <s>Primum Accidens <lb></lb>nullum in materia præcedere ſubſtantiæ; quòd ſcripſit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Alia omnia, vel dici de pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3854"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mis ſubſtantijs, vel in iis eſſe <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in ſubiecto: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prima ſubſtantia ſemper eſt actu, vel per for<lb></lb>mam vel per aliquid formæ reſpondens, vt in cęlo; & accidens igitur in eo ſemper eſt quod eſt actu. <lb></lb></s> <s>proptereà quantitas interminata cùm ſit, vt ipſi volunt, accidens; eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pendebit à forma, vel <lb></lb>actu, non à materia. </s> <s>Deinde nos ita credimus ſubſtantiam <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſſe priorem accidente, ratione, natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3855"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra, & tempore: cùm & affectiones præuiæ comitentur actui; vel quae eo fundentur, quod eſt actu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>contrarium; vel etiam quae partem formæ conſequantur, velut eſſe in loco partem formę grauis, aut <lb></lb>leuis; quae generans elementum parem formæ gradum tribuat, & officij: nec materia conſiſtat <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3856"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab actu ſeparata. </s> <s>Vnde item efficitur, vt prius natura ſit id quod eſt ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod eſt ali<lb></lb>quomodo, & prius hoc aliquid, quàm hoc tantum, aut tale: ij tamen putant in materia ſimplici, & <lb></lb>quatenus omni caret actu, ante omnes alias formas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alios actus exiſtere quantitatem iſtam ter<lb></lb>mino vacantem: proptereà ſi res ita ſe habet, vt ipſi ferunt, accidens natura, & tempore ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>præcedet. </s> <s>Patiar item me ab illa ratione perſuaderi, quae materia per ſe ſit poteſtate quantum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <lb></lb>vt in eius deſcriptione talis poteſtas optimo iure ſumatur; quanquam quid dico de poteſtate quan<lb></lb>ti, cùm ſit eius eſſe, eſſe potens, vt dictum eſt, & omnia prædicamenta poteſtate; licet ordine quo<lb></lb>dam, vt prius poteſtate ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quantum, & prius quantum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quale, aut vbi; ſic prius actu ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> actu quantum, & hoc prius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in loco: proinde <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> ſit alicubi, erit actu quanta; nec lo<lb></lb>cus ipſe repugnabit qui videtur corpori conuenire per quantitatem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt ſi cætera omnia vi<lb></lb>cogitationis abſtrahantur à materia; <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>magnitudinis ratio relinquatur; adhuc in loco <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3857"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit id quod eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò quantitas hæc interminata eſt immenſa, vt à nullo contineri valeat: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>non datur infinitum: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illud habet pondus quod poſſet dicere quiſpiam, materiam non <lb></lb>eſſe in loco; ſiquidem reſpiciat formam futuram quam <expan abbr="nondũ">nondum</expan> exceperit, ſed actu eſſe in loco, quia <lb></lb>ſit cum forma procedente; quoniam & illi conuenire poteſt locus, vbi ſit quanta etiam omni alia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3858"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma circunſcripta: nam locus primò conuenit quanto. </s> <s>Prætereà verum & illud eſt, meo quidem <lb></lb>iudicio. </s> <s>Formas omnes materia concretas eſſe caducas & commutabiles; aliter materiæ non re<lb></lb>ſpiceret contradicentia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & materia cæli, quatenus eſt ſubiectum ipſius vbi, loci varietates ad<lb></lb>mittit: tanto igitur magis ea materia mutatur quæ eſt poteſtate ſubſtantia & in qua manifeſta eſt <lb></lb>repugnantia formarum quæ ſe viciſsim de eodem ſubiecto expellunt: in his autem numeratur <expan abbr="quã-titas">quan<lb></lb>titas</expan> in qua mirifica eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστασία</foreign>, tùm quae propter extentionem partium <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> in eodem ſubiecto <lb></lb>conſiſtant plures ad numerum quantitates, tùm item quia termini quantitatis intrinſecùs diſtant; <lb></lb>ita vt varij nuſquam conueniant; proptereà quantitas immutatur, & forte plurib. modis accipit mu<lb></lb>tationes, quam quęlibet alia forma; quandò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> materia, quod euenit in incremento, & ſine materia, <lb></lb>quod fit in rarefactione, mutatur; & per ſeipſam accipit aliquam varietatem, & quatenus eſt ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ inſtrumentum, quomodo ergo defendi poteſt vnam eſſe quantitatem in materia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam qui<lb></lb>dem perpetuam? </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſine controuerſia firmum illud & inconcuſſum fundamentum. </s> <s>Accidentis <lb></lb>formam à forma ſubſtantiæ ſeparari. </s> <s>quae hęc accedit ſubiecto quod eſt poteſtate, & ipſum perficit: ac<lb></lb>cidentis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> forma ſubiecto inhæret, quod iam actu exiſtit, & ab ipſo perfectionem ſumit. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>placet. </s> <s>Si materia ſemper haberet adnexam, veluti ſuam ipſius propriam quantitatem, fore, vt <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg3859"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iunctio maior fieret è materia & quanto, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> è materia & forma: ſic poteſtas materiæ prius erit ad <lb></lb>quantum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad ſubſtantiam, immo nulla erit ad quantum; nec medio vacabit <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> coniunctio; <lb></lb>quapropter ex materia & forma per ſe non fiet vnum, & aliqua intercedet cauſſa propter quam co<lb></lb>pulentur; cùm tamen aſſeneret Ariſt. huius euenti cauſſam non eſſe quærendam; quae id ex vtriuſque <lb></lb>natura naſcatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non duo tantum interna rerum principia; accedente quantitate quæ formam <lb></lb>cum materia coniungat. </s> <s>Approbo etiam, ſi quantitas in materia, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in ſuo primo ſubiecto pona<lb></lb>tur; eam definitum iri per materiam; ſic per ignoteus: nam cùm formæ procedat; ab ipſa abſtrahi <lb></lb>mentis ope valebit à qua vniuerſa intelligendi ratio petitur: id formæ de categoria ſubſtantiæ non <lb></lb>accidit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſa materiam ſuſcitat, & promouet ad actum, ac terminans ei facultatem præbet, vt <lb></lb>intelligatur. </s> <s>Nos tametſi alium modum conſtituimus, quo materia intelligenda reddatur, hunc ta<lb></lb>men accipimus, quae & defendi poteſt, & multis video placere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illis item in quos hæc diriguntur: <lb></lb>at quantitas eiuſmodi vim materiæ non exhibet, ac ſi exhiberet; & ipſa per ſe poſſet intelligi, & ma<lb></lb>teria per formam de prædicamento quantitatis intelligeretur primò, contrà <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> docuerit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3860"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qui in illa analogia, per quam vult materiam poſſe cognoſci, ſubſtantiæ formam, non quanti ſum<lb></lb>pſit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> à ſubſtantiæ forma poteſt materia <expan abbr="ſeiũgi">ſeiungi</expan>, at cum forma <expan abbr="q̃titatis">quantitatis</expan> eſt perpetuò coniuncta: <pb pagenum="656"></pb>quia verò præcedit quantitas formæ quæ pertinet ad ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea prima eſt quæ præfinit ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3861"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teriam, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>intelligendam facit, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per ſeipſam intelligatur oportet. </s> <s>Hæc, inquam, & ſi <lb></lb>nos approbamus; quia tamen ab aliis vſurpata, præteriri placebat. </s> <s>Cæterùm, quae poſt ad ipſa complu<lb></lb>ra dicta eſſe videremus; operæ pretium facturos putauimus, ſi ſingula perpenderemus; ne fidem no<lb></lb>ſtris abrogent, ſi omiſſa fuerint, aut ſi frangi non poſsint, apud æquum lectorem pro veritate demus <lb></lb>pœnas; quod philoſophus recuſare non debet: amiciſsimam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> veritatem eſſe oportet. </s> <s>Ea verò ad <lb></lb>ipſa ſcripta fuiſſe comperimus (breuiter omnia complectar) etenim ad prius argumentum quod ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis auctoritate deducitur, ita dicitur. </s> <s>Accidentia quidem eſſe in prima ſubſtantia; verùm non <lb></lb>omnia modo conſimili; quædam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſi inhærent, alia communicant nomen; inhærent illa quæ per <lb></lb>formam inſunt in materia, denominant quæ cum pendeant ex materia per ſe, pertinent ad compoſi<lb></lb>tum; quia materia pars eſt illius. </s> <s>à quantitate igitur prima <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> denominatur; & dicitur homo <lb></lb>quantus; ſed quantitas inhæret in ipſa materia primò non in ex ſubſtantia compoſita: albedo, cum <lb></lb>inſit per formam, inhæret in prima ſubſtantia. </s> <s>quapropter & ſi ineſt <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> in prima ſubſtantia, non <lb></lb>ineſt tamen in ipſa primò: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id conſtituit Ariſtoteles: nam ſatis illi fuit, ſi cætera docuit ab actu <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ primæ non diſiungi: nunc ſiue inſit in ſubſtantia prima per formam; ſiue per materiam <lb></lb>ſolam, ſiue ſimpliciter, ſiue ex parte; ſiue vt illius gratia: nihil ibi decretum eſt; & fieri poteſt, vt om<lb></lb>nib. his modis ea quæ ſunt in ſubſtantia, ad primam ſubſtantiam referantur; & ea corrupta <expan abbr="deficiãt">deficiant</expan>: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3862"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nam dempto fine demuntur ea quæ ſunt ad finem: & ſubſtantia prima ſublata <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> fieri poſsit, vt par<lb></lb>tes cum ipſa tollantur; nihil erit profectò quod ſuſtineat accidentia. </s> <s>Tollunt ſecundam <expan abbr="obiectionẽ">obiectionem</expan> <lb></lb>ſic. </s> <s>dictam Ariſtotelis interprętantes, vt non fuerit locutus Ariſt. </s> <s>diſtributim; ſed collectim, hoc eſt, <lb></lb>voluerit eas proprietates vniuerſas ſimul ineſſe in ſingulis ſubſtantiis, ſed hanc quidem <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe omnib. modis priorem; aliam verò vno, vel plurib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud ſolùm ſibi voluerit, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam, ſi cùm accidente conferatur, illo quidem eſſe priorem aliquo ex his modis, nec tamen om<lb></lb>nem omnib. ſic quantitati interminatæ ſubſtantia non omnis antecedit, ſed materia duntaxat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, quia non tempore. </s> <s>Proptereà quod eſt ens per ſe, & hoc aliquid, prius eſt eo quod eſt ali<lb></lb>quomodo, & quod eſt tale, vel tantum; non vniuersè ſanè; quia ſingula ſingulis, ſed generatim, quae in <lb></lb>hac, vel illa re, nihil prohibeat aliquod ens per accidens anteire illud, quod ſit per ſe, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>conſtat in præuiis affectionib. quæ formæ producendæ præcurrunt. </s> <s>Ad tertiam obiectionem ſic re<lb></lb>ſpondent. </s> <s>primùm, cùm teſtatur Ariſt. </s> <s>non ens non eſſe alicubi, pertinere illam ſententiam non ad <lb></lb>materiam ſimpliciter, ſed ad compoſitum quod gignendum eſt; id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nihil eſt: vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi materiam ſub <lb></lb>eo dicto comprehendere libeat; <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ibi non accipi ſub vulgata ſignificatione quæ eſt è genere <expan abbr="quã-titatis">quan<lb></lb>titatis</expan>, ſuperficies .ſ. </s> <s>extrema continentis; ſed locum naturalem qui iam præditus eſt qualitatib. vel <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3863"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſeruantib. vel corrumpentib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic materiæ denegatur; alter ille poteſt reſpicere materiam, ni<lb></lb>hilominus de ipſo nihil agi 5. Phyſ. cùm locum non enti negat Ariſt. </s> <s>Quòd verò dicitur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ma<lb></lb>teria concretam eſſe caducam; exponunt formam ſubſtantiæ, nec ſub ea propoſitione contineri vo<lb></lb>lunt formas accidentis in quarum numero eſt quantum. </s> <s>Cùm opponitur formas accidentis require<lb></lb>re ſubiectum quod actu ſit; ad eas accommodari dicunt quæ ſunt determinatæ, non eſſe verò id ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium, ſi termino careant, qualem ponunt ipſi quantitatem. </s> <s>Inquiunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> maiorem coniunctio<lb></lb>nem bifariam ſumi poſſe; vel quae arctior ſit & intentior, vel ordinis ergo, quia propinquior, vt ita di<lb></lb>cam, veluti proxeneta, lena, & interpres, vel internuncius, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> medius terminus in ſyllogiſmo: <expan abbr="nã-que">nan<lb></lb>que</expan> coniungunt omnia partes diſtantes, emptorem & venditorem, amicum & amicam, conciliant <lb></lb>animos diſſentientes internuncij, medium copulat cum ſubiecto prędicatum: ſed longè arctior eſt <lb></lb>eorum coitio qui ab his iam copulati fuerunt: ſic quantitatis eſt coniunctio maior cauſſa ordinis, <lb></lb>quia propinquior, at materiæ & formę coniunctio maior, quòd interior. </s> <s>Aiunt etiam non eſſe abſur<lb></lb>dum materiam per ſe, cùm ſit natura prior, accipi in definitionibus earum affectionum quæ ſibi in<lb></lb>ſunt ſeorſum, veluti quantitas.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3864"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3852"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3853"></margin.target>a Pl. </s> <s>Gorg.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3854"></margin.target>b Præd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3855"></margin.target>c 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3856"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3857"></margin.target>d 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 76.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3858"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3859"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3860"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 69.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3861"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3862"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3863"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3864"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad ea quæ de quantitate interminata contra veteres Aristotelis interpretes <lb></lb>dicta ſunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXPERIAMVR nunc in hoc illuſtri certamine veritatis vtra plus poſsint: hoc eſt, vtra ma<lb></lb>gis approbata ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe videantur, & deductione per tria reſponſiones eorum euertamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>In primis autem hæc præfabimur. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quantitas hæc eſt materiæ propria; aut non: ſi negaueris, ea <lb></lb>non denominabit ſolùm compoſitum, ſed inhærebit ipſi, erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à forma, vel à compoſito: ſi <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe fatearis; actus aliquis materiæ tribuetur, à quo nihil magis abhorret; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc vel oppoſito vaca<lb></lb>bit, vel aliquid illi opponetur, oppoſito ipſam vacare neſcio verò ſatis'ne ſapienter aſſeratur; cùm in<lb></lb>terminato terminatum opponatur, & in qualibet generatione ſit forma quæ terminet materiam, & <lb></lb>ex interminata terminatam reddat, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> re naturali determinata ſit ratio magnitudinis & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3865"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>paruitatis: quae ſi mutatur quantitas, mutatur autem variatis terminis, igitur & materia, ſic materia <lb></lb>non erit ingenita & incorrupta, non aliter àc ſi variato calore ignis ipſe intereat, & immutetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim ipſis id inficiari licet, cùm ponant hanc quantitatem interminatam in materia prima, quę ſem <pb pagenum="657"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3866"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per eſt eadem. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi ad formæ diuiſionem præſtandam ſufficere poteſt ea cauſſa quam affert <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm docet, vt è non quanto fiat quantum; non eſt quòd alia ſit inculcanda, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3867"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nouum quoddam genus entis: atqui demonſtrauit Ariſt. </s> <s>è quanto fieri quantum, quae illud ex quo fie<lb></lb>bat quantum, erat item per ſe quantum: ſic cùm forma noua imprimatur in materia quæ cum alio <lb></lb>quodam actu coniuncta eſt, & per ſe eſt actu quanta, diuiſioni reddetur obnoxia. </s> <s>Quòd ſi in vlte<lb></lb>riorem cauſſam adhuc diuiſionis ratio reſoluenda ſit, ea ſua ipſius eſt materiæ, & ab eius eſſentia re<lb></lb>petita, quam 1. de ortu neglexit Philoſophus, ſatis habens ibi ſolùm occurrere rationi Democriti: <lb></lb>nam cùm flagitet notitiam actus & poteſtatis quæ non ſunt methodi naturalis, ſine culpa omitti po<lb></lb>terat; adhuc cauſſa diuiſionis quam iſti deducunt ab accidente, vacabit multò magis. </s> <s>Non video ve<lb></lb>rò parem eſſe rationem primarum <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>, ſeu, rectius dixero, caloris; & ſimilium, quòd proximè <lb></lb>cum materia copularentur, quod tribuitur Græcis ſcriptorib. ſiquidem velint eas formas eſſe ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ, non qualitates ſimpliciter: igitur aut non inhærebit interminata <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> in materia per ſe, <lb></lb>aut non erit accidens, vt ipſi placet. </s> <s>Libet etiam perpendere diuiſionem quanti ab Ariſt. </s> <s>factam per <lb></lb>finitum & infinitum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eius dogma de infinito quod actu accipiendum non eſſe monuit, ad hoc <lb></lb>igitur aut refertur hæc quantitas interminata, aut non. </s> <s>quòd ſi refertur, vtputo, eos <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> daturos; <lb></lb>certè idem iudicium de interminata & infinita quantitate faciemus: ſi qua ſit alia quantitas, non vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3868"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deo, quin aliquod in methodo naturali, aut diuina vitium poſsit obiici Ariſtoteli qui ne verbum qui<lb></lb>dem fecerit de tali genere quantitatis. </s> <s>Hæc pręfatus ad primam illam diſtinctionem deſcendo: eius <lb></lb>ſanè poteſtas eſt, vt ex accidentibus quædam ſolùm denominent ſubſtantiam primam, alia denomi<lb></lb>nent, & inhæreant ſimul. </s> <s>Atqui dicebat Ariſt. </s> <s>alia omnia præter ſecundas ſubſtantias ineſſe in pri<lb></lb>mis, vt in ſubiecto. </s> <s>Dabitur hoc intelligo. </s> <s>ſed ita dicetur ineſſe in primis, ſi reſpiciatur eorum actus, <lb></lb>quòd cùm materia non ſeparetur à forma, quicquid eſt in rerum natura, neceſſariò ſit prima <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan>. </s> <s>Res ergo illuc deducetur, vt aliqua ſint accidentia ſic materiæ propria, vt nullo modo reſpiciant <lb></lb>formam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt ſi poſsit aliquo caſu materia ſeparari à forma, ineſſent tamen in ipſa. </s> <s>Poterat <lb></lb>hoc confirmari, cum trita illa ac peruulgata diſtinctione accidentium, quòd quædam ipſius formæ <lb></lb>ſint, nonnulla compoſiti, alia materiæ, necnon quòd aliqua ſint ex eius neceſsitate, quemadmodum <lb></lb>rubigo ferri. </s> <s>Quin etiam docuit Porphyrius accidentia, vel eſſe indiuidui, vel ſpeciei: album ſanè <lb></lb>eſt indiuidui, ſed diſciplinę capax ſpeciei. </s> <s>Verùm ea quæ ſunt indiuidui, referuntur ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3869"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ſunt materiæ, cętera ſunt formæ vel communis, vel ſpecificæ: ſic eſſe marem, aut <expan abbr="fœminã">fœminam</expan> ſunt <lb></lb>differentiæ materiæ ſentire, & moueri ſunt formę. </s> <s>Quocirca, quanuis ea commutentur, adhuc ſpe<lb></lb>cies ipſa ſaluatur: ſiquando hæc tollantur; neceſſe eſt ſpecies vnà intereat. </s> <s>net, & texit homo, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3870"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per animam. </s> <s>Mihi tamen videtur eſſe eundem ordinem ſingulorum accidentium ad ſubſtantiam <lb></lb>compoſitam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnib. <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> principium ſupponi, materiam nimirum & formam, ſiquidem <lb></lb>materia vel prima ſit, & communiſsima, vel ſpeciei, vel indiuidui. </s> <s>& planè cùm quantitas ab omni <lb></lb>forma generatim flagitetur in materia, neceſſe eſt ſit ex illo genere accidentium quæ materiam pri<lb></lb>mam conſequuntur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> materia fuerit, ea non ſine actu accipit accidentia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam <lb></lb>caducum quod eſt ex materia communiter, & ita, vt nihil illi interius eſſe videatur, ſine oppoſitio<lb></lb>ne formarum non exiſtit. </s> <s>Nullum igitur <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ab actu ſeparatur. </s> <s>Etenim quæ ſpeciei materies eſt, <lb></lb>eſt ſpecie prior, & illa eſt quam intelligendam nuncupauimus, exprimitur autem per genus in defi<lb></lb>nitione, atqui exiſtit ex forma communi. </s> <s>indiuidui verò materies eſt ſpecie <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>poſterior: ſu<lb></lb>peruenit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formæ. </s> <s>Quamobrem tantùm abeſt, vt accidens antecederet formæ, & proptereà quanti<lb></lb>tas, vt ea neceſſariò poſterior eſſet. </s> <s>Ita illa incommoda redirent quæ Auerroes afferebat. </s> <s>Reſtat igi<lb></lb>tur, vt ſit materia prima. </s> <s>Cæterùm ipſa nihil eſt actu per ſe, ſed omnia potentia. </s> <s>Et inane igitur, vt <lb></lb>obiecit Ariſt. </s> <s>& nos in eadem quæſtione perpetuò volutabimur, vnde .ſ. </s> <s>ortum ducat actus iſte quan<lb></lb>titatis, & ſi naſcatur ex forma, iam cauſſa cadant aduerſarij neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> tria ſimpliciter elemen<lb></lb>ta ſunt omnium predicamentorum, & quæ ſunt primordia ſubſtantiæ, ſunt item ordine quodam pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3871"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mordia reliquorum. </s> <s>Sic fit, vt accidentium proceſſus idem ſit, quòd ſunt in primis ſubſtantiis per <lb></lb>materiam & formam, licet per <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſuo more, vt alibi oſtendetur. </s> <s>Proinde nihil ineſt in prima ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, quin ex <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> genere cauſſæ pendeat. </s> <s>Veruntamen fac id eſſe proprium quantitatis inter<lb></lb>minatę vt ipſa ſpeciali quodam munere affecta ſit à natura, ſiue quòd ſit primum naturæ <expan abbr="inſtrumẽ-tum">inſtrumen<lb></lb>tum</expan>, ſiue quòd imitetur omnium maximè ſubſtantiam, cùm ſit proximè à ſubſtantia, & hoc etiam <lb></lb>refutat Ariſtotelis auctoritas. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> interminatio, ſiue infinitas vel ſit affectio quanti, vel (vt aiunt) <lb></lb>materialiter accipiatur illa quantitas cui tribuitur infinitum, profectò infinitum, quatenus <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, <lb></lb>vtitur quanto. </s> <s>Nunc aut hoc idem cum materia, aut ab eo diuerſum, ſi idem, fruſtra illa quæ de inhæ<lb></lb>rentia quantitatis in materia, ſi aliud, fruſtra Ariſtoteles qui vſus eſt quanto in ratione contra Meliſ<lb></lb>ſum: ſatis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe ipſum conſtabat eſſe duo, non <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quæ ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fuit confugiendum ad <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt ibi factum eſt. </s> <s>Ergo eſt ea infinitas poſterior quanto. </s> <s>Sed eadem eſt ratio quanti ad materiam, at<lb></lb>que aliorum accidentium: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ad illud eſt in potentia materia prima, ſicut ad reliqua, & in cæ<lb></lb>teris conſequitur formam. </s> <s>paullò verò pòſt id planius intelligetur. </s> <s>Ergo & infinitum multò magis <lb></lb>actum ſubſtantiæ flagitabit. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quantitate poſterius. </s> <s>Quòd ſi infinita quantitas accipiatur mate<lb></lb>rialiter, reipſa quantitas eſt, cui tribuitur infinitas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & in idem recidet hæc ratio noſtra. </s> <s>Perſua <pb pagenum="658"></pb>dent nos item dicta Philoſophi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam cætera quidem, inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>corporum ſunt affectiones, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3872"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3873"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>effectiones, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> facultates: longitudo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, latitudo, & altitudo qualitates ſunt quædam, non ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ: quantitates porrò ſubſtantia non eſt, ſed id potius eſt ſubſtantia, cui hæc ipſa primùm inſunt. </s> <s>Igi<lb></lb>tur idem curſus eſt quantitatis, qualitatis affectionum, <expan abbr="effectionũ">effectionum</expan>, & <expan abbr="facultatũ">facultatum</expan>; non proprius quan<lb></lb>titatis; ſiue ſubſtantia cui inſunt primò, ſit materia, ſeu compoſitum. </s> <s>Et quanuis aliqua nos perſua<lb></lb>dere vidèantur hæc ineſſe primò materiæ; tamen in rem ipſam intendenti aciem mentis aliud eſt iu<lb></lb>dicandum. </s> <s>Nam quia materia nihil eſt abſolutum per ſe; verùm quae ſit, ex alio pendet: neceſſe igitur <lb></lb>eſt, vt ibi nos admonet ipſe Ariſt. </s> <s>accidentia, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> numeratur quantum, ſint in materia pro<lb></lb>pter formam: proptereà ſunt in compoſito: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, quia compoſitum eſt poſterius materia & forma; <lb></lb>indicat Ariſt. </s> <s>omittendum eſſe compoſitum. </s> <s>Quamobrem id quod ineſt in ſubſtantia, primò ineſt <lb></lb>in forma, deinde in materia, poſtremò in compoſito. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> accidentis ſubiectum pręcipuum <lb></lb>eſt forma; cùm tria ſint quæ ſubiiciuntur, vt paullò antè docuerat, materia, forma, & <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>cur accidentia primò materiæ tribuuntur? </s> <s>An id contingit vt Ariſtotelico verbo vtar <foreign lang="grc">τῷ φαίνεθαι</foreign>, <lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>nobis ita videatur, iudicium ſenſus inſequentibus; at oppoſitum ratio conuincit; & monſtrat <lb></lb>alia omnia dici de forma, hanc verò de materia. </s> <s>Cætera quæ ex Porphyrio, & Ariſt. </s> <s>opponuntur, ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3874"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>interpretabimur actu ſuppoſito ex quo genus illud materiæ pendet, vt ſuprà docuimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> enim <lb></lb>ſimpliciter ex materia, ſed ex materia ferri rubigo proficiſcitur; & ex impotentia materiæ quæ ſubij<lb></lb>citur humanæ formæ, fœmina exoritur: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tale materiæ genus certæ formæ ſeſe addixit. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>verò tu verearis hîc, ne <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> à materia ſimul, & forma <expan abbr="naſcãtur">naſcantur</expan> accidentia, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> verò ſint <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan>, <lb></lb>id conſequatur quod olim contra aduerſarios noſtros de principijs motum efficientibus oppone<lb></lb>bamus, quòd ea de cauſſa compoſiti munus eſſet non principiorum componentium: in illis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ <lb></lb>formaliter agunt, non efficienter; ſat eſt ſi rationis diſcrimen exiſtat. </s> <s>atqui in accidentis productio<lb></lb>ne quæ fit in compoſito, ex ſuis ipſius principiis, eſt actio formaliter, vt antè docuimus; non efficien<lb></lb>ter, qualem nos in animo carentium latione quærebamus. </s> <s>Quicquid ſit; ſat mihi eſt, quae tùm ad ma<lb></lb>teriam, tùm ad primam ſubſtantiam vniuerſa ſe habent conſimiliter: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> diſtinctio poſita nullius <lb></lb>erit vſus. </s> <s>Mitto quòd omnis inhærentia principiis, non compoſito tributa fuiſſe videatur. </s> <s>Nam 6. <lb></lb>Top. vbi monſtrat in omni accidente duplex eſſe ſubiectum, compoſitum & cauſſam, quod in eius <lb></lb>definitione <expan abbr="ſumendũ">ſumendum</expan> ſit; quia cauſſa non denominatur, igitur inhærebit omne accidens in cauſſa, <expan abbr="ſi-miliq́">ſi<lb></lb>milique</expan>. </s> <s>modo 4. Phyſ. & locum, & colorem in corpore per aliud eſſe docet; denominatio <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> perti<lb></lb>net ad corpus: igitur inhærentia principiorum propria reputabitur; compoſiti verò denominatio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eodem modo 5. Met. inhærentia ponitur in accidente propter principia: necnon 7. Met. vbi adſcri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3875"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bitur inhærentia cauſſæ, vnde fit illud genus prædicationis, quod appellant dialectici <foreign lang="grc">αἰτιῶδες</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>calor ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ponitur in motu. </s> <s>Quocirca denominationem libentiſsimè concedam compoſito, in<lb></lb>hærentiam verò principiis. </s> <s>Ex his apparet, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nihil ad rem noſtram faciat interpretatio propoſitio<lb></lb>nis illius, ſubſtantiam eſſe priorem accidente: nam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> prius origine accipiendum ſit in quantitate <lb></lb>interminata, & ſola materia prior origine ponatur: hoc ex ſupradictis falsò aſſumptum fuiſſe con<lb></lb>ſtat: ſiquidem <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ſubſtantiæ pars, & materia, & forma, & compoſitum ſint origine priora, quàm <lb></lb>accidens, & ſic quod eſt ens per ſe, & ſimpliciter, eſt eo, prius quod eſt per aliud, & quodammodo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Iam verò quae non enti locum negamus auctore Ariſt. </s> <s>vt pertineat ad non ens quod gignitur, non ad <lb></lb>materiam dictum eſt aliàs. </s> <s>At nihilominus ratio noſtra complectitur materiam, quæ per ſe non eſt; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita non eſt in loco; ſed cùm habeat quantitatem, non videtur euitare locum. </s> <s>Reſpondemus lo<lb></lb>cum eſſe duplicem, finitum & <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> eſſe alienum à materia, hunc verò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> materia conue<lb></lb>nire. </s> <s>Porrò locus indefinitus in vniuerſa phyſiologia tripliciter ſumi poſſe videtur, vel quae careat cer<lb></lb>tis qualitatib. ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aut eſt ſecundùm, aut præter naturam: vel quae id quod mouetur ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ęquè <lb></lb>reſpiciat <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, & <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> eſſe valeat, pro ratione verò certę cuiuſpiam formæ determinetur, <lb></lb>vt ex leuitate, quod ſit in loco ſuperiore, vel quae non dum peruenerit in ſuum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, vt id quod moue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3876"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, quatenus mouetur, occupat locum, ſed ille non eſt definitus, quae eius termini non ſunt actu, ſed po<lb></lb>teſtate: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> actu erunt termini, iam locus erit definitus, at cum quiete coniunctus. </s> <s>Cùm igitur mate<lb></lb>ria non moueatur, <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> quòd non erit in hoc genere loci. </s> <s>Quòd ſi in loco materia ponatur, quia fa<lb></lb>cultatem habeat, vt aſſequatur certum locum, at hoc ingenitum eſt in materia, (ſuapte <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vi mate<lb></lb>ries eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> potentia vbi) pertinet ad eius eſſentiam, non eſt ex accidente: non igitur ex quantitate, aut <lb></lb>quantitas non erit accidens. </s> <s>Sit igitur in loco illo indefinito, quatenus caret qualitatib. naturalib. in <lb></lb>quo ſanè eſt merito quantitatis, vt didicimus ex 4. Phyſ. erit ergo in loco qui eſt extremus terminus <lb></lb>corporis continentis, ille <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt locus ſimpliciter ab omni qualitate ſegregatus. </s> <s>Si terminus: ergo & <lb></lb>illud quod continetur ab eo loco erit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terminatum & illud item per quod. </s> <s>ſed continetur in eo lo<lb></lb>co per quantitatem. </s> <s>Et quantitas igitur erit terminata, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> interminata, aut infinitum actu dandum <lb></lb>erit. </s> <s>Quàm verò ineptum eſt negare formas materiatas eſſe caducas? </s> <s>etenim tollitur è veſtigio ra<lb></lb>tio materiæ quæ poteſtas eſt, & contradicentia reſpicit. </s> <s>Si verò quantitate vtitur infiniti ratio, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> requirit actu ſubiectum, <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab infinito ſubiectum quod ſit actu, flagitari. </s> <s>Quia <lb></lb>verò dicere poſſes id non eſſe proprium <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> quantitatis, ſed eius quæ finita ſit: infinito verò non <lb></lb>ſupponi ſubiectum quod ſit in actu. </s> <s>Id eſſe generale quanti ſimpliciter illa perſuadent quę ſupra <pb pagenum="659"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3877"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>citauimus ex 7. Met. cùm terminis ablatis <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> materiam remanere docuimus. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſt con<lb></lb>firmabitur, vbi cogitata noſtræ mentis enunciabimus: Nulla quantitas igitur interminata, aut hæc à <lb></lb>materia non ſeparatur; <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus eſt accidens. </s> <s>Quod autem pertinet ad illud, quae propinquius <lb></lb>materia cum quantitate, quàm cum forma copuletur, licèt non arctius. </s> <s>Profectò non aliter in gene<lb></lb>ratione ſubſtantiæ quantitatem, quantitatem inquam, interponi credam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pręuias affectiones, ſed <lb></lb>nos olim docuimus eas <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſequi aliquid factum eſſe in re quæ fit quod deriuatur à forma. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quandò Ariſtoteles ipſe nullum diſcrimen agnouit inter quantitatem, & reliqua accidentia, quan<lb></lb>tum eſt de <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> productione. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> doceret 8. Phyſ. quemadmodum generans efficeret <expan abbr="accidẽ-tia">acciden<lb></lb>tia</expan>, vtputa ipſum vbi, & quòd tantundem contribueret de accidentib. quantum de forma exhibuiſ<lb></lb>ſet; idem euenire teſtatus eſt in quantum & quale. </s> <s>magnum verò & admirabile factum aut naturam <lb></lb>in hoc vno variare; aut variationem ab Ariſt. </s> <s>non animaduerſam, nec cauſſam tam diſsimilis effe<lb></lb>ctus ab eo fuiſſe redditam. </s> <s>Poſtremò accipiunt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> nudam in cuiuſpiam ſuæ proprietatis defi<lb></lb>nitione ſumi poſſe, quæro <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quid patefaciet ea definitio qua per ignotiſsima traditur: fugit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ma<lb></lb>teria ſenſum, & fugit mentem; & ſi noteſcere debet; cùm quantitas prior ſit ſubſtantia, & proinde re<lb></lb>liquis accidentibus; per hanc quantitatem ſeſe nobis oſtendet, ſed interminatum eſt ſpecies <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> <lb></lb>infiniti: infinitum verò eſt quantum, vel quale quoddam ignotum: ſic per cęteros actus, qui petun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3878"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur à ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="cæterisq́">cæterisque</expan>. </s> <s>prædicamentis materia cognoſcetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> proximè in definitione quanti <lb></lb>ſubſtantia compoſita ponetur. </s> <s>remotè verò actus; ad extremum materia, Quare quantitatis defini<lb></lb>tio non aliter conſtruetur, quàm definitio reliquorum accidentium, nec abſoluetur per materiam <lb></lb>ſolam, quemadmodum acceperat aduerſarius.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3865"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3866"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3867"></margin.target>a 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3868"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3869"></margin.target>b 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3870"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3871"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3872"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3873"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3874"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3875"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3876"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3877"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3878"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur opinio noſtra de natura quantitatis interminatæ, & veterum Peripateticorum <lb></lb>auctoritate confirmatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò, vt omnes controuerſias extricemus, operę prætium eſt explicare, quid ſibi velit apud <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem vox illa <emph type="italics"></emph>quantitas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, & quo diſtinguatur ab ea quantitate quam iſti <expan abbr="collocãt">collocant</expan> in ma<lb></lb>teria; <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> quid affinitatis habeat cum ipſa. </s> <s>Quantum ſanè <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> complectitur & continuum, <lb></lb>& diſcretum, <foreign lang="grc">ποσὸν</foreign> dicitur à Græcis, continuum quod Græci ſpeciatim <foreign lang="grc">πιλίκον</foreign> appellant, vel in <lb></lb>ſucceſsione poſitum eſt vt tempus, vel permanet; hoc propriè <foreign lang="grc">μέγεθος</foreign> & magnitudo vocatur ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Quicunq.">Quicunque</expan> verò dicit quantum, neceſſariò ſignificat terminos, quippe quòd rem proponat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3879"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ vel æqualis ſit, vel inæqualis, & in qua poſita ſit proportio quæ planè conſiſtit terminis. </s> <s>atque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3880"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adeò vt finiti ad infinitum; addo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> infiniti ad infinitum nulla extet: nam proportio eſt ſimilitudo <lb></lb>rationum; rationem verò inter ſe habere magnitudines illæ dicuntur quæ poſſunt multiplicatæ ſeſe <lb></lb>mutuò ſuperare: ſed infinitum nec ab infinito, nec à finito ſuperari contingit: igitur in infinito nul<lb></lb>la ratio poni poteſt, nec igitur proportio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quicunq.">Quicunque</expan> verò ſtatuit terminum, ponit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> formam, propte<lb></lb>reà quòd omnis terminus à forma deriuatur. </s> <s>Porrò forma duplex, aut è genere ſubſtantiæ, quæ eſt <lb></lb>quodammodo extrinſecus, cùm ſit alterius ordinis, aut ex eodem prædicamento originem ducens; <lb></lb>& ab illa quidem, quòd formaliter exiſtat per illam, ſicut reliqua accidentia quæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> conſequun<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt eius inſtrumentum: <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> enim formæ certa magnitudo debetur quam ſi non fuerit <expan abbr="cõ-ſecuta">con<lb></lb>ſecuta</expan>, dicitur imperfecta, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ab ea verò quæ eſt generis eiuſdem, & multò interior <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> propinquior, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3881"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>certa magnitudinis ſpecies exoritur, eius tres differentiæ primæ longitudo, latitudo, & altitudo, vel, <lb></lb>vt ipſe aliquando dicit, eſſe diuiduum ad vnum, duo & tria, vnde primæ quantitatis ſpecies <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan>, <lb></lb>linea, planum, & corpus, qui ſunt termini ſubſtantiæ naturalis, & quibus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> circunſcribitur <expan abbr="quod-q́ue">quod<lb></lb>que</expan> interuallum, & quorum beneficio à reliquis <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> materiæ portio ſeparatur; eos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primos eſ<lb></lb>ſe in natura, cum <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> minimis naturalis forma conſeruatur, & ſi <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> audimus; per quos pri<lb></lb>ma quantitas efficitur ſenſilis; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm cęteroquin in mathematicis vlterius ea diſtinctio progredi poſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3882"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3883"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> terminos ſemper deſignatione facta conſequitur; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mathematicè figura finita eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3884"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& mens item mathematica abhorret ab infinito. </s> <s>Hos eſſe primos & intrinſecos quantitatis termi<lb></lb>nos ea monſtrant quæ de 4. naturalis auſcultationis ſæpius hîc repetuntur, necnon de 7. primæ phi<lb></lb>loſophiæ, cęteri termini ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> iam figura exiſtit, extrinſeci ſunt; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>qualitates & accidentia. </s> <s>Si<lb></lb>gnum quae demonſtrationi ſunt obnoxia. </s> <s>Quòd linea longa ſit, & ad vnum, ſuperficies lata & ad duo, <lb></lb>corpus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> profundum & ad tria, non demonſtratur. </s> <s>Illud demonſtrari poteſt. </s> <s>quae nulla magnitudo tri<lb></lb>bus excedat, quod faciunt Mathematici. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquando Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aſſerit remota circunferentia re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3885"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtare materiam, vt opinari poſsis eam eſſe ſpeciem quantitatis, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> torquearis, quod figura ſit, & ex<lb></lb>ordine qualitatis; duo, mea quidem ſententia, in qualibet figura ſpectare conuenit, & vim termini, <lb></lb>& rationem, formulam, ſeu modum terminandi, quę poſita ſunt in diſpoſitione, multitudine, & ha<lb></lb>bitudine terminorum, ſiquidem in circulo eſt circunſcriptio quædam interualli, ſeu ſuperficiei quæ <lb></lb>vnum fit, & ab alijs ſegregatur; quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> lineæ à centro ductæ ad circunferentiam ſint æquales, iam <lb></lb>eſt figuræ proprium, & qualitatis. </s> <s>ſic tricubitum <expan abbr="quãti">quanti</expan> ſpecies eſt; angulare, tetragonum, tripleuron, <lb></lb>& pyramis ſunt figuræ quarum angulus initium eſſe videtur, vt lineæ punctum, & poſitiuè quidem <lb></lb>in reliquis; in circulo priuatiuè: quapropter orbis inangularis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>vocatur: angulus autem, vt <pb pagenum="660"></pb>iudicat Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non modo terminus eſt, ſed ſpatium comprehendit: etenim in rota quæ voluitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3886"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3887"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ſublimi, docet angulum à terra ſuſpenſum eſſe, proinde continet ſpatium. </s> <s>Quare etiam diuiditur <lb></lb>quilibet angulus; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpatij proprium poſſe diuidi. </s> <s>Et quanquam demonſtrauit Euclides angulum <lb></lb>contactus eſſe omnium minimum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllo pacto ſecari poſſe; ſic opinor <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> controuerſiam Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelicè tolli poſſe, ſpectando in angulo ſpatium, quod comprehenditur, aut rationem figuræ: ſpa<lb></lb>tium certè diuidi poteſt; etenim ſuapte natura eſt <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>; at in figura eſt finitas, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in angulo, qua<lb></lb>tenus eſt figuræ principium, nulla diuiſio: finitam verò <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> eſſe figuram didiciſti 1. de cælo. </s> <s><expan abbr="quã-obrem">quam<lb></lb>obrem</expan> dicam, Euclidem ponere illum angulum minimum habita ratione anguli & figurę, quem ta<lb></lb>men diuidi poſſe non negauerit, ſi ſpatium aduerterit, Non igitur terminus, nec indiuiduus, quia ſit <lb></lb>terminus; nec ſimpliciter minimus, verùm propter ſpatium diuiduus, minimus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, vt figuræ princi<lb></lb>pium, ideſt, quoad facit terminorum diſpoſitionem variam, qua item ratione eſt principium quali<lb></lb>tatis. </s> <s>Nam cæteroqui ſi inter contactum lineæ ab extremo diametri ductæ ad perpendiculum multi <lb></lb>immo infiniti anguli circulorum maiorum inſeruntur, vt nonnulli fatentur, non video quo pacto Eu<lb></lb>clidis ratio defendatur. </s> <s>Quæro <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> an diuidant angulum illum, nec'ne; ſi negent: ergo angulus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <lb></lb>quantitas, vt ipſi volunt: eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt poſſe diuidi in infinitum: ſi dederint, vti debent: at quod diui<lb></lb>ditur à maiore, multò magis à minore diuidetur; ſed diuiditur à linea circulari: ea verò multò ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3888"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ius ſpatium comprehendit, & longior eſt, quàm recta. </s> <s>Multò igitur magis à recta diuidetur. </s> <s>quòd ſi <lb></lb>diuiditur. </s> <s>Intercedit igitur angulus rectilineus. </s> <s>Prætereà quis <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> didicit ſectionem quantitatis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>adminiſtrari linea recta? </s> <s>illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt omnium menſura magnitudinum: quippe quòd certiſsima, & bre<lb></lb>uiſsima, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> prima. </s> <s>Proinde citra anguli rationem diuidi poterit, vt ſecundùm <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan> <lb></lb>habita anguli ratione illa conſequentur, quæ ſignificauit Euclides. </s> <s>Hæc nos, tametſi à propoſito no<lb></lb>ſtro poſſent aliena cenſeri; nihilominus, quòd ab Ariſt. </s> <s>quoquomodo ſignificantur, & philoſophó <lb></lb>naturali poſſunt exhibere negotium: nam quod abſurdum eſt in mathematicis idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vexat <lb></lb>naturalia; in hac re <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> patientia lectoris abuti, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſilentio veritatis ergo præterire malui. </s> <s>Ita ergo, <lb></lb>vt eò redeam, vnde diuerti. </s> <s>In quantitate duplex eſt terminus à forma ſubſtantiæ, & à <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> <lb></lb>natura deſumptus, qui diuerſa ratione quantitatem, & qualitatem afferunt: etenim nec quantitas ea<lb></lb>dem eſt cum figura; quandò contingit eandem eſſe figuram, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eandem quantitatem, veluti <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>gnomone circumpoſito quadratum fit maius, & <expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> priores natura <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> termini; <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eorum certa diſ<lb></lb>poſitio, ſiquidem terminis immutatis <expan abbr="etiẽ">etiam</expan> figura varietur oportet, vt ſi ceræ pilula fiat tetrapleuros, <lb></lb>aut rhombus. </s> <s>Quare quicunque concipiet quantitatem, vnà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> intelliget formam. </s> <s>Quantitas <lb></lb>igitur veluti reliqua accidentia non exiſtit ex materia, ſed ex compoſito. </s> <s>Inde colligetur hoc corol<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3889"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>larium. </s> <s>ſi termini varientur, neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> variari ſpecies quantitatis, quòd ſi termini naſcuntur à <lb></lb>formis; prout igitur formę permutantur, vnà <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terminos & ſpecies quantitatis immutari oportebit: <lb></lb>niſi fortè quippiam obſtiterit: attamen ita ſe habent ſecundùm naturam, proptereà ſublato impe<lb></lb>diente reuertuntur ad ſtatum naturalem. </s> <s>Proinde quantum fit è non quanto, non ſanè è non quan<lb></lb>to ſimpliciter, ſed ex oppoſito, quod ſcilicet cùm ſit quantum, non eſt id quod producendum eſt, id <lb></lb>eſt, non habet eos terminos quos habet quantitas producenda, aut in natura non habet eos qui cum <lb></lb>forma futura conueniant, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>imperfectum dici ſolet, & ad perfectionem eſt deducendum, ideſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eouſq.">eouſque</expan> quoad ad formam futuram ſit accommodatum, vt in ea magnitudine ſi tueri poſsit, & illa <lb></lb>vti ad ſua facienda officia. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quantitatis terminos bifariam mutari contingit, vel ea<lb></lb>dem materia permanente, quod fit in rarefactione, & denſatione; vel acceſsione, & detractione ma<lb></lb>teriæ, velut in viuentibus, & in vero incremento & decremento: & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ratio varietatis termino<lb></lb>rum eſt in vtra. </s> <s>mutatione <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>; attamen extat maxima difficultas de ratione rarefactionis & den<lb></lb>ſationis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> altera illa non fit ſine interuentu materiæ, & ſine eius quantitatis acceſsione, quæ <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <lb></lb>eſt actu: licet fortaſſe ratio illa quæ à terminis accipitur, eadem eſſe valeat: cuius rei <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>: quia tan<lb></lb>tundem loci occupat aër bicubitus, quantum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> planta eiuſdem magnitudinis; qui ſanè locus con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3890"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uenit corpori beneficio terminorum, ſolùm differunt cauſſa materię: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aër bicubitus ex aqua <lb></lb>digitali genitus ſuam amplitudinem intrinſecus eſt adeptus; planta alimenti mole aſſumpta maior <lb></lb>eſt facta. </s> <s>Cæterùm in quaque mutatione quanuis illud quantum quod fit, ex actu quanto perpetuò <lb></lb>fiat, nec <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> è non quanto ſimpliciter; attamen in illo quod fit ſine materia, ineſt ſua poteſtas quæ <lb></lb>cum termino à quo coniuncta, mutatur in actum rei futuræ: quocirca cum mutatio quanti ſit du<lb></lb>plex, rationem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poteſtatis in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> mutatione parem non eſſe cenſebimus; quae in incremento <lb></lb>poteſtas ad terminos egeat externi: in rarefactione verò ſit tota interna. </s> <s>Proptereà quantitas <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> <lb></lb>è duob. </s> <s>elementis, quemadmodum ſubſtantia, poteſtate nimirùm, & actu, materia, & forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <lb></lb>analogicę, hoc eſt, vt partim ſint eadem, partim diuerſa: nam ſubiecto & ratione conueniunt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>non differunt genere, ſed ordine, quae ſubſtantiam prius conſtituant, deinde conſequentia ſubſtantiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic igitur in quantitate termini locum formæ occuparunt; quapropter ab Ariſt. </s> <s>qualitates appellan<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>forma <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & differentia ſunt quædam qualitates. </s> <s>quod materiæ vice fungitur ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Græcisq́">Græcisque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>interpretibus Alexandro, & Simplicio <foreign lang="grc">διάστημα</foreign>, ſeu <foreign lang="grc">διάστασις</foreign> appellatur. </s> <s>ſignificat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> dimenſio<lb></lb>nem interuallum, & extentionem ſine terminis; ea verò poteſtas eſt ad accipiendos <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> terminos. </s> <s>Ita<lb></lb>que materiam circuli dicebat Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſſe interuallum: hoc eſt materiæ; termini ſunt ex forma: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3891"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="661"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3892"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idcirco Philoſophus infinitatem poſuit in continuo cauſſa materiæ, finitatem verò per formam, ſed <lb></lb>& hæc multò planius expoſita ſunt ab ipſomet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui eiuſmodi infinitatem, & facultatem acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3893"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>piendi terminos in materia collocauit; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt à materia ipſa non diſtinxerit. </s> <s>Verba <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius hæc <lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>“Quatenus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> locus, videtur eſſe dimenſio magnitudinis materia, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc diuerſa eſt à ma<lb></lb>gnitudine: hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> (ideſt dimenſio) & id quod continetur ſub forma, ac definitur ſub plano ac ter<lb></lb>mino: eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> tale materia, & indefinitum; cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> remoueantur termini & affectiones à ſphæra; re<lb></lb>linquitur nihil præter materiam. </s> <s>Conſentiunt hæc item cum ijs quæ 7. primæ philoſophiæ ſeruata <lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Nec verò detracta longitudine, latitudine, & altitudine <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> reliquum cernimus, niſi ſiquid <lb></lb>eſt id quod ab his determinatum eſt.” Sed quod determinatur, eſt materia. </s> <s>Patet igitur in materia ip<lb></lb>ſa dimenſionem eſſe, hoc eſt, infinitatem cum facultate accipiendi terminos, ex quibus magnitudo <lb></lb>fiat; accipiendi verò à forma. </s> <s>Verùm quòd infinitas eſt ipſa materiæ natura: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia per ſe in<lb></lb>definitum, aptum verò ad definiendum ab omni forma; infinitas item illa quæ reſpicit quantitatem, <lb></lb>& magnitudinem, non aliunde erit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt accidens; ſed eiuſmodi, vt expleat <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> materiæ, quip<lb></lb>pe quæ partim afferat poteſtatis ipſi materiæ quæ ſua eſt ipſius eſſentia: quapropter ineſt perpetuò; <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> quantitas immutetur: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>formæ præcedit in ſingularib. quemadmodum actui poteſtas <lb></lb>antecedit. </s> <s>Ita ex potentia quanto fit actu quantum; & velut in generatione ſubſtantiæ poteſtas pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3894"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mò priuatione, mox actu <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> fundatur; remotè verò materia, ſic in productione magnitudinis <lb></lb>fit actu quantum ex actu quanto, non eo ſanè, quod ſit id quod <expan abbr="producendũ">producendum</expan> eſt; ſed quod ſit aliud, <lb></lb>non hoc: ſed in auctione poteſtas conſiſtere duob. </s> <s>actib. exiſtimatur; altero qui ineſt in eo quo vi<lb></lb>uens augetur, altero verò qui eſt viuentis ipſius, vtraque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quanta ſint oportet; & immutent magni<lb></lb>tudinem; veruntamen quae viuens conſeruatur; corrumpitur alimentum, poteſtas ad magnitudinem <lb></lb>viuenti eſt aſsignanda, & viuens eſt propriè quod cùm ſit actu quantum, non hoc; fit aliud actu <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan>. </s> <s>in eo priuatio magnitudinis exiſtit, & quantitas oppoſita quæ eſt imperfecta. </s> <s>Sed redeo ad in<lb></lb>teruallum quod materiæ proprium eſſe docuimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt à materia non diſtinguatur: idcirco <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>Simplicius <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">διάσημα</foreign> voluit eſſe ſubſtantiam, quæ foret principium quanti. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi rem de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3895"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ducere velis ad tenue, ſiquis eam quantitatem appellare velit; is non quantitatem ſimpliciter appel<lb></lb>labit, ſed totum hoc quantitatem <expan abbr="interminatã">interminatam</expan>: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contradictio in adiecto, non aliter àc ſi <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> <lb></lb>mortuum ſimpliciter hominem eſſe diceremus. </s> <s>ergo quantitas eſt interminata coniunctim, nec vllo <lb></lb>pacto diuiſim. </s> <s>Fortè nobis hîc aliquis eadem arma opponet, quibus in aduerſarios vſi ſumus: nem<lb></lb>pe infiniti rationem vti quanto. </s> <s>Cùm igitur infinitas in materia per interuallum ponatur; ergo & <expan abbr="q̃-titas">qua<lb></lb>titas</expan>. </s> <s>De his idem ego faciendum arbitror eſſe iudicium àc de informi fieret, vbi materiæ tributum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3896"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt eſſe informe: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vox ambigua quæ notat varias naturas. </s> <s>vnde ambiguo deluſus aliquis ſuſpi<lb></lb>cari poſſet materiam corrumpi, quia, cùm ſuapte natura ſit informis, vbi formam exceperit, iam non <lb></lb>erit amplius informis, nec materia igitur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> informæ in materia ſignificat naturam per ſe ipſam <lb></lb>quæ ſit ſine forma, quòd ſit alia eſſentia, à forma diuerſa, ſignificat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> priuationem certarum forma<lb></lb>rum quæ eſt quædam res aduentitia: informitas illa prior eſt natura materiæ, & <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in formæ præſen<lb></lb>tia conſeruatur, nimirùm, quae formę extrinſecùs accedant ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſed altera illa informitas adue<lb></lb>niente forma mutatur, quae cùm forma aduenit, non caret forma. </s> <s>Eodem pacto de interminato dice<lb></lb>mus, aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ponemus internum, & ſuum ipſius materiæ proprium, quo priuatio quantitatis in ma<lb></lb>teria notatur, quia materia ſit natura quædam à quantitate diuerſa: aliud eſt interminatum quod <lb></lb>eſt priuatio certa magnitudinis, hoc externum eſt, quòd quantitas aliunde accedit, velut aliæ for<lb></lb>mæ, & alia prædicamenta, illud perpetuum, hoc variabile: illud à nobis in materia ponitur, & cùm <lb></lb>ita ſit, dicimus eſſe extra quantum, immò prius eſſe natura quanto, quippe primordium quanti, & <lb></lb>eodem modo procedere, & afficere <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſicut aliæ poteſtates: nam ſicut per alias poteſtates ma<lb></lb>teria non denominatur ſimpliciter, neque ſubſtantia, nec quale, ſed cum hac appendice propè ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, propè quale, & poteſtate ſubſtantia, & reliqua, vt ſiquis materiam vocet <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, aut qua<lb></lb>le, incidat in eam fallaciam, quę eſt à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter: ſic infinitum hoc in materia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3897"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt ſimpliciter quantum, ſed poteſtate quantum, nec vtitur eius ratio quanto, vt ſubiecto illud infi<lb></lb>nitum, quod externum facimus, & alienum à poteſtate, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> iure optimo appellatur, & aſſumit <lb></lb>in ſua definitione quantum, quòd actum quendam intra ſe habet, vnde accipit denominationem. </s> <s>Li<lb></lb>cebit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicere infinitum ſumi bifariam à veteribus & ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſiquidem veteres infinitum <expan abbr="vocarẽt">vocarent</expan>, <lb></lb>quod omni fine excederet, & nunquam accipere poſſet finem, & vt dici conſueuit, poſitiuè, Ariſt. </s> <s>au<lb></lb>tem fine quidem carens, ſed eiuſmodi vt finem accipere valeret, & priuatiuè. </s> <s>Dicimus ergo <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb></lb>poſitiuè vti quanto, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod eſt priuatiuè, hoc eſt, in materia, & de ipſo nunc agimus, de il<lb></lb>lo verò teſtatum fuiſſe Ariſtotelem, quòd vteretur quanto. </s> <s>Vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicendo infinitum quomodocun<lb></lb>que vti quanto, quoniam quantum, cùm ſit actu, perſpicuum eſt, & eſt ratione prius, at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcirco, <lb></lb>quia ſit ratione prius, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prius natura ſit neceſſe, eſt quod in alia multa euenire non negat Ariſt. </s> <s>na<lb></lb>tura <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, ideſt, origine, ſicut actui potentia præcedit. </s> <s>Sed res per difficilis, & quæ tuas aures fortè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>attigerit, adhuc ad ſe reuocat, & alia nos animaduertere iubet, quæ te auertere poſſent ab hac cogita<lb></lb>tione, niſi fuerint expedita: ſiquidem hæc placito noſtro prorſus repugnare videantur. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> con<lb></lb>ſtitutum ſit dimenſionem eſſe non accidens materiæ, ſed eſſentiam, protinus obiicies totidem eſſe <pb pagenum="662"></pb>poteſtates, & actus; quot ſunt prædicamenta, ita vt ſuus actus, <expan abbr="ſuaq́">ſuaque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtas <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> reſpondeat: ergo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3898"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam poteſtas eſt accidens. </s> <s>Prætereà ſicut ſe habet actus; ſic & poteſtas. </s> <s>Sed actu quantum eſt acci<lb></lb>dens: igitur & poteſtate quantum accidens ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Secum verò congruere poteſtates & actus; <lb></lb>ſatis id perſuadet, quòd poteſtas ab actu præfinitur. </s> <s>Tertiò quæro ſit'ne ordo inter has poteſtates, <lb></lb>nec'ne. </s> <s>& negare quidem ordinem eſt detrectare prorſus auctoritatem nobiliſsimi præceptoris qui <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> docuerit eſſe tria rerum <expan abbr="oīum">omnium</expan> principia, materiam, formam & priuationem ſerie <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> <lb></lb>tamen obſeruata. </s> <s>Quòd ſi interceſſerit ordo; iam quod prius eſt, erit eſſentia ſolùm, cętera quæ con<lb></lb>ſequuntur, illi accident. </s> <s>ita cùm potentia quantum ſubſtantiam potentia conſequatur; erit certè acci<lb></lb>dens, non eſſentia. </s> <s>Veruntamen hęc ille euertet qui norit, quemadmodum ſe habeant primordia prę<lb></lb>dicamentorum; ac naturam poteſtatis optimè tenuerit. </s> <s>Sunt enim principia prædicamentorum tria <lb></lb>remota, quæ ſunt principia ſubſtantiæ primum, deinde reliquorum: terna ſingulorum propria. </s> <s>Pen<lb></lb>dent hæc ex illis pluribus modis, cùm idem in ſuo <expan abbr="quæq́ue">quæque</expan> prædicamento præſtantia quod illa fa<lb></lb>ciunt in categoria ſubſtantiæ, eſt enim aliquid in ſingulis, quod in perfectionem contendat; eſt perfe<lb></lb>ctio ſua cuiusque propria, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi oppoſita priuatio: ergo omnium ratio quædam communis: tùm <lb></lb>item quòd ſine illis exiſtere non poſsint; nam cùm hæc in alio ſint, illa eſſe oportet, quibus hæc acceſ<lb></lb>ſura ſunt. </s> <s>ergo principiis accidentium principia ſubſtantiæ ſupponuntur, & eorum rationes: tùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3899"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſtremò, quòd quanuis accidentium ratio formalis à ratione formali ſubſtantiæ ſeparetur; nec <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>principiorum cuiusque prædicamenti illius ordinis; nihilominus & vt cauſsis quæ ſecum afferant <lb></lb>reliqua, veluti conſequentia, ſubſtantiæ referunt acceptum <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> accidentia; quòd ſint; & ſicut ex <lb></lb>obiectu corporis vmbra propagatur, ſic ex ſubſtantiæ principiorum præſentia exiſſit accidens in <expan abbr="cõ-poſito">con<lb></lb>poſito</expan>. </s> <s>Non igitur ſubſtantiæ principiorum ratio tantùm ſupponitur accidenti, non etiam, quia ſub<lb></lb>ſtineatur ab ipſis, ſed & eius eſſentia reſoluitur in principia ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Quocirca prima principia ac<lb></lb>cidentis ſunt verè ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="earumq́ue">earumque</expan> principia quæ tria ſunt. </s> <s>Igitur & prima poteſtas ad <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <lb></lb>nihilo minus erit ſubſtantia, ſicut dictum eſt; eam nos cum Græcis dicimus eſſe diſtantiam. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>pone tu nunc principia cuiuſque propria quæ ratione formali ſeiunguntur à ſubſtantiæ primordiis; <lb></lb>hæc inſuper obſeruanda actus ipſos, & per actus ſingula prædicamenta à ſubſtantia quodam ordi<lb></lb>ne, veluti numeros, ab vno deduci; quare afferunt aliquid ad ſubſtantiam propter quod acciden<lb></lb>tia ſunt; hoc ipſorum eſt <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, vt termini quantitatis, loci conuenientia ipſius vbi; propterea per <lb></lb>id à reliquis ſingula ſeparantur; hoc iam eſt accidens ipſum. </s> <s>Sed cùm tria cuiusque principia ſint <lb></lb>actus, poteſtas, & priuatio, longè aliud iudicium de actu <expan abbr="cæterisq́">cæterisque</expan>. </s> <s>principiis eſſe faciendum rei natu<lb></lb>ra nos admonet. </s> <s>Actus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe diſtinguit, cætera in ſeipſis indiſtincta, vel quia non ſint ſimpliciter, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3900"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt priuationes; vel quòd id quod habent adiunctum, nihil habeat in ſe, quod reipſa, vel eſſentia di<lb></lb>ſtinguatur, ſed ratione ſola, & propter aliud, quod ab eo notetur, talem dicimus eſſe habilitatem quę <lb></lb>nil eſt aliud, quàm res ipſa habilis vna ſignificans ſolùm quod ipſa poteſt habere: quapropter per ſe <lb></lb>ipſam cùm ſit eadem, per aliud ſeparatur; & vt vno verbo dicam, intrinſecùs eadem eſt, differt pro<lb></lb>pter extrinſecum. </s> <s>Proinde naturæ fundamentum nihil diſtinctum pręſeferre philoſophi <expan abbr="profitẽtur">profitentur</expan>, <lb></lb>quòd nullam contineat internam cauſſam diſtinctionis; ſed vniuerſa deriuetur extrinſecùs ab actu. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò tibi noua diſtinctio videatur: habes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Auerioëm præmonſtratorum, qui de mente ſpecu<lb></lb>latricæ diſſerens, <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> vnam ad numerum eſſe defendens, intrinſecùs vnam eſſe affirmauit, plu<lb></lb>res extrinſecùs, quae cauſſa phantaſmatum quæ plura ſunt, euariaret. </s> <s>Vna igitur eſt eſſentia per ſeipſam <lb></lb>quæ ſuſtinet omnes poteſtates, & intrinſecùs vna natura, quæ eſt planè ſuaſtantia; ſed cùm pote<lb></lb>ſtas ex actu diſtinguatur, idcirco quod intrinſecùs eſt ſubſtantia; propter aliud, & merito conno<lb></lb>tati rationem ſubit accidentis: neque ſanè quia natura ſubſtantiæ transformetur in accidens; ſed <lb></lb>quòd modus exiſtendi commutetur; veluti cùm ſit homo ſubſtantia per ſe; eſt tamen accidens in <lb></lb>ſeruo; modus hîc non natura mutatur, & cauſſa habitudinis ſubſtantia degenerare videtur in acci<lb></lb>dens: attamen non eſt accidens; niſi quòd in eo ponitur modus exiſtendi qui accidens imitatur: <lb></lb>quod enim per ſe, & in ſeipſo exiſtit. </s> <s>alij tribuitur vt conſequens, & per aliud hanc ergo mutatio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3901"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem modi pluribus tibi perſuadere conater, niſi anticipata fuiſſet à philoſophis illuſtribus, & ſi ex <lb></lb>meo penu depromeretur, ſed & de illa meminit inter alios Zimara Tab. </s> <s>vbi diſſerit longo ſermo<lb></lb>ne ſatis accuratè de ente & eſſentia: quibus etiam illud addere libet, quod & ſi ipſe non approbo, ti<lb></lb>bi tamen noui placere; non eſſe, ſcilicet, inconueniens in hunc modum, ſi accidens habeatur pro <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, quemadmodum fieri videtur, vbi accipiatur, vt aiunt, in abſtracto, veluti candor & <lb></lb>calor, vbi aliquod proprium de ipſo demonſtretur, quod tu vis fieri in mathematicis; addo etiam, <lb></lb>vbi exponatur definitioni: hî id quod eſt accidens, ita tractatur, ac ſi ſubſtantia fuerit; nec tamen <lb></lb>eius natura peruertitur; ſed modus ipſe tantummodò variatur. </s> <s>idem quoque de actu primo, & <lb></lb>ſecundo decretum eſſe ſcio à doctiſsimis viris, qui cum ſit idem re cum actu primo quæ eſt ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, corpori & compoſito ineſſe ponitur, vt accidens: & nos item antehac tali diſtinctione ſumus <lb></lb>vſi; ſed eius repetitionem non duximus importunam: rerum enim difficilium iteratio non inutilis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Pluribus hæc agenda fuerunt, vt id quod tibi fortè admirabile videretur; & aliis placere, & cum re<lb></lb>rum natura conuenire perſpiceres. </s> <s>Ab his ad oppoſitorum dilutionem me confero: & ad primum <lb></lb>dico etiam elementa proxima accidentium eſſe accidentia, vel ex natura, vel ex modo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actum <pb pagenum="963"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3902"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quidem, & illi oppoſitam priuationem ex natura; ſubiectum verò & facultatem ex modo extrinſe<lb></lb>cùs, & per aliud, & beneficio connotati; cùm cæteroqui non diſtinguatur à ſubſtantia. </s> <s>In eundem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſenſum damus ſecundùm: immò dicimus ex actu poteſtatem tranſire in accidens; ſed quod <lb></lb>tale ſit ex modo, non ex natura. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad tertium dico, in ſubiecto & poteſtate eſſe quidem ordi<lb></lb>nem, ſed cùm ordo in iis per ſe non ſit: etenim poteſtas & ſubiectum ſunt indefinita & inordinata <lb></lb>per ſe; petitur ordo vniuerſus ab actu, cuius etiam beneficio ſubit rationem accidentis. </s> <s>Ita vides, vt fa<lb></lb>cultas in materia ad quantum ſit nihilominus eſſentia, & principium ſit accidentis, id quod oſtende<lb></lb>re volebamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3879"></margin.target>a 1. de cæl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3880"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3881"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 33.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3882"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>ſen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3883"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3884"></margin.target>d Lib. 1. de <lb></lb>cælo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3885"></margin.target>e 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3886"></margin.target>a <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Mec. <lb></lb></s> <s>8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3887"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3888"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3889"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3890"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3891"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. ſui c. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3892"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3893"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3894"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3895"></margin.target>b 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Dig. </s> <s>de lo<lb></lb>co.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3896"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3897"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3898"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3899"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3900"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3901"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3902"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ea diluuntur quę de interminata quantitate dubitata ſunt, & ad exitum quæstio perdu<lb></lb>citur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM hęc ita ſint, fatebimur item fore idem interuallum, vbi ſit eadem materiæ portio: verùm <lb></lb>quia quantitas habet terminos qui ſępe mutantur; eandem formam quantitatis ſub variis ter<lb></lb>minis conſeruari poſſe negabimus. </s> <s>Itaque in incremento viuentium nonmodò termini variantur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3903"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed acceſsione materię dimenſio permutatur: in rarefactione, quia nihil accedit; de quanto quod <lb></lb>eſt poteſtate ſolùm, fit actu quantum. </s> <s>Proptereà prima illa obiectio qua ſumebatur è non quan<lb></lb>to fieri quantum; multò maiorem impetum facit in rarefactionem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in verum incrementum: ibi <lb></lb>enim actu quantum non eſt, ſed <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> amplificatio terminorum ex ipſa <expan abbr="dimẽſione">dimenſione</expan> permanat, & erum<lb></lb>pit è materiæ poteſtate; <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>modicum ſpatium prius occuparet; paullò pòſt multò maius obſe<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>ita vt hî non videatur valere <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> fieri ex actu quanto; ex <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>illa verè conſequi quæ pro <lb></lb>abſurdis obiecit Ariſt. </s> <s>& vacuum fore ſeparatum, & alia multa quæ ille induxit, ſi è non quan<lb></lb>to ſimpliciter fieret quantum. </s> <s>Verùm & in rarefactione vim habet argumentum, ſi per ſe ipſam <lb></lb>& intrinſecùs accipiatur variantia quantitatis; attamen huic incommodo occurrit natura per acci<lb></lb>dens: etenim pepulit vacuum & impleuit hoc ſpatium corporibus humidis, quæ facilè contrahe<lb></lb>rentur in anguſtum, dilatarentur, cederent, & in aliena loca confluerent, vnde in rarefactione, quan<lb></lb>uis creſcat corpus, non idcircò penetrat aliud, nec in denſatione reſtat vacuum eo quod continet in <lb></lb>quantitatis contractæ locum, ſubitò migrante. </s> <s>Proptereà conſuluit ita natura mutationibus iſtis <lb></lb>per ſe in incremento viuentium, dum adiecit aliud corpus; in altera mutatione per accidens, adden<lb></lb>do <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> continentis, & auxilia conſtituit quæ <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ingenio reſponderent: nam ſicut auctio mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3904"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus eſt per ſe; ſic per ſe illi natura prouidit; ſicut rarefactio motus eſt per accidens; ita <expan abbr="præſidiũ">præſidium</expan> per <lb></lb>accidens apparauit. </s> <s>Nunc ad illa tranſeo quæ de quantitate interminata Latini obiecerunt. </s> <s>Et ad <lb></lb>illud, quo quantitatem ineſſe in materia perpetuò probabatur. </s> <s>quae opera materiæ ſemper in augmen<lb></lb>to & decremento flagitaretur; ſatis eſſet <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan>, ſi diceretur illud quod materia comitatur, eſſe <expan abbr="diſtan-tiã">diſtan<lb></lb>tiam</expan> per ſe; <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan>, cùm ſit poteſtate quantum ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> poſſe deduci. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſit hoc incrementi <expan abbr="pro-priũ">pro<lb></lb>prium</expan>, vt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> poſtulet, quæ ſit actu quanta; factum eſt, vt quod pertinet ad incrementum per ſe, <lb></lb>materiæ tributum ſit, & quod conuenit materiæ incrementi quæ iam eſt actu ſubſtantia, tranſlatum <lb></lb>ſit ad materiam ſimpliciter, ſiquidem incrementum illud eſt quod actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> deſiderat. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="infor-matũ">infor<lb></lb>matum</expan>, ſed hoc eſt accidens tali materiæ; materia ſimpliciter ſola dimenſione contenta eſt: nam, quo <lb></lb>viuens <expan abbr="augendũ">augendum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> copuletur, eſt contrarium; ſimile verò, vt primum acceſsit, cùm ſit infor<lb></lb>matum, & <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> igitur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è quanto ſimpliciter, nec quantum ſimpliciter fit in <expan abbr="incremẽto">incremento</expan>; <lb></lb>ſed ſubſtantia quanta ex altera ſubſtantia, quanta producitur, & cum tranſmutatione ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>perpetuò coniuncta eſt mutatio <expan abbr="quãtitatis">quantitatis</expan>. </s> <s>Ex quo factum fuiſſe puto, vt iudicium de mutatione, <lb></lb>& terminis quantitatis aliud fieri debeat, ac fiat de aliis mutationibus accidentis: etenim quantitas <lb></lb>ad ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in auctione refertur, & ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſe habet, vt perfecta & imperfecta, quaſi <expan abbr="inſtrumẽ-tum">inſtrumen<lb></lb>tum</expan>, quod fine <expan abbr="determinat̃">determinatur</expan>: reliquę mutationes ſine formis ſubſtantiæ pręſtantur; ideò non <expan abbr="ſubeũt">ſubeunt</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3905"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inſtrumenti <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, nec <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> termini ſunt <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectum. </s> <s>Proinde quantitas ad <expan abbr="ſub-ſtantiã">ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam</expan> ſenſilem ſe habet, ſicut accidens, ad <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan>, vt eſſentiæ pars: dimenſio, vt eſſentia materiæ <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſecundò & remotè pertinet ad auctionem. </s> <s>Inferunt verò, vt abſurdum deperire quan<lb></lb>titatem, & confirmant, quia contrario careat: Nos & eam dicimus habere in ſuo genere <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>mutari. </s> <s>Porrò <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan> dicimus id generatim, vbi vnus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> actus cum alterius actus <lb></lb>priuatione coniunctus eſt, ita tamen vt cum illo <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> queat. </s> <s>Atque hoc contrariorum genus <lb></lb>in quantitate duplex eſſe perſpicimus: etenim vel pertinet ad <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan>, quatenus eſt <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <expan abbr="prę-dicamentũ">prę<lb></lb>dicamentum</expan> ab aliis eſſentia ſeparatum, & quatenus ſuſtinet <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> qui ſeparatur ab aliis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3906"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quoad eſt cum ſubſtantiæ forma <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan>: illud <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> eſt, hoc aliunde deſcendit: etenim <expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan> <lb></lb>à ſubſtantia, quae illius inſtrumentum ſit; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="aptũ">aptum</expan> & <expan abbr="ineptũ">ineptum</expan>, <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> & imperfectum oppoſita <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>; <lb></lb>cùm habeant <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> in quo alterius inſit priuatio, & idcirco habilitas ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> formam <expan abbr="ſuſcipiẽdam">ſuſcipiendam</expan>: <lb></lb>quare viciſsim <expan abbr="cõmutantur">commutantur</expan>, dum ex imperfecta & inepta quantitate tranſit in <expan abbr="aptã">aptam</expan> & perfectam, <lb></lb>aut contrà: illud poſitum eſt in <foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστασὶα</foreign> quadam <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan>, dicere mihi liceat <expan abbr="intolerantiã">intolerantiam</expan>, ſeu <lb></lb>repugnantiam; quapropter & bicubitum non eſt tricubitum; eiuſmodi tamen, vt fieri poſsit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <pb pagenum="664"></pb>hoc communiter <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> pertinet ad <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan> & rarefactionem, ſed ad auctionem per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, per ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3907"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò ad rarefactionem, quae hæc ſola poteſtate materiæ, <expan abbr="diſtantiaq́">diſtantiaque</expan>. </s> <s>fundatur, & potentia quanto; illa <lb></lb>eo quanto quod eſt actu. </s> <s>Proptereà non placet id quod <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> profeſſus eſt Alexander, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3908"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dens actionis & decrementi terminos eſſe <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> & paruum quæ contraria non eſſent; dixit aliun<lb></lb>de <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> redundare in <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan>: in <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> haberi ſolùm perfectionis & imperfectionis <lb></lb>quæ pendet ex formis <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> ipſa foret inſtrumentum: nanque ipſe id quod <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> & familiare eſt <lb></lb>eius prædicamenti prętermittens aliena perſecutus eſt: neque vidit in quolibet prædicamento, ne <lb></lb>dum in eo quod motui ſubiiceretur per ſe; ſuam eſſe <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <expan abbr="ſuumq́">ſuumque</expan>. </s> <s>actum, & <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <lb></lb>actu finiri, cui quippiam ſit oppoſitum: ſiquidem per ſe contradicentibus potentia terminetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tantùm igitur abeſt, vt quantitas exſors ſit <expan abbr="repugnãtiæ">repugnantiæ</expan>, vt gemina repugnantia ſit prędita, vna qui<lb></lb>dem aliena, quatenus eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera propria: tametſi repugnantia quæ tribuitur quan<lb></lb>titati, quatenus eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, duplex eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & cum materia, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fit in viuentibus, & <lb></lb>ſine materia, velut in corporibus inanimis, quae habent hæc <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> ſuæ naturæ conuenientem, & diſcon<lb></lb>uenientem, ac præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> de qua mentio facta eſt 8. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed cùm eius mutatio ſit per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3909"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idcirco videtur fuiſſe neglecta. </s> <s>Quicquid ſit tamen, in quantitate eſt repugnantia terminorum, & <lb></lb>proptereà mutatio, & eius noua generatio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corruptio. </s> <s>At quanto contraria negat Ariſtoteles. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3910"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Fateor, ſed talem huiuſce facti <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> aſsigno, quae in prædicamentis iudicium vulgi ſecutus eorum <lb></lb>extrema elementa noluerit perſequi, vulgus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contraria iudicat illa quæ ſecum ſenſiliter <expan abbr="pugnãt">pugnant</expan>, <lb></lb>ea verò ſunt propria qualitatis, & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quibus qualitas ipſa ſupponitur: at acutius inſpicienti <expan abbr="cõtra-ria">contra<lb></lb>ria</expan> ſunt, vbi actus, & potentia <expan abbr="reperiunt̃">reperiuntur</expan>, & vbi mutationis ſpecimen obſeruatur. </s> <s>Quamobrem con<lb></lb>tinent rationes iſtæ genus illud fallaciæ quod ex figura dictionis, cùm <expan abbr="dimenſionẽ">dimenſionem</expan> cum quantitate <lb></lb>mutent: illa ſanè perpetuò manet, nec habet <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, huic aliquid eſt <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan>, & accidit mutari <lb></lb>bifariam. </s> <s>Nec D. Thomas in argumento ſuo <expan abbr="diſtinxit̃">diſtinxitur</expan> à dimenſione quantitatem: nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in di<lb></lb>menſione credimus eſſe <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> potentia cuius eſt <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> diuerſos terminos accipere, & ſu<lb></lb>ſtinere varias formas. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> non debuit hoc nobis afferre <expan abbr="moleſtiã">moleſtiam</expan> qui <expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan> communia cum <lb></lb>variis formis exiſtere poſſe detendimus, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> rem ipſam, ſed rationem variari docuimus. </s> <s>Ex his <lb></lb>etiam quæ hactenus decreta ſunt, occaſio ſumi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad ea reſpondendi quæ <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> pridem cum à nobis <lb></lb>tum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> à Philopono dubitata fuerant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi opponebat ipſe corpus eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quia formæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> materiæ quæ foret quanta, ſuperuenirent; deceptus eſt non videns ſe id tribuere corpori, & ma<lb></lb>teriæ per ſe, quod eueniret ex <expan abbr="accidẽte">accidente</expan>: etenim id fit ex eo, quae materia quæ debet accipere formam, <lb></lb>ſemper eſt cum forma oppoſita qua <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> obtinet <expan abbr="q̃titatem">quantitatem</expan>: ſed ſubeſt ibi dimenſio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt <lb></lb>materia corporis, & <expan abbr="vñ">vnde</expan> reuera, & primò <expan abbr="partitionẽ">partitionem</expan> formæ vniuerſæ <expan abbr="conſequunt̃">conſequuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="confirmationẽ">confirmationem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3911"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dicemus corpus item fieri <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> materiam, & <expan abbr="hr̃e">habere</expan> <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> eo <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> diximus, <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan>; quippe quae è <lb></lb>dimenſione <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> materia, <expan abbr="terminisq́">terminisque</expan>. </s> <s>vt forma <expan abbr="conflatũ">conflatum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Quamobrem terminis immutatis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cor<lb></lb>pus vnà mutari oportet ſola dimenſione remanente, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſemper hęret affixa materiæ. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, <lb></lb>vt illud <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit falſum quod aſſumpſit tertio loco; nimirùm corpus in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> mutatione ſupereſſe; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ſuperſit ſola dimenſio, &, quod eſt poteſtate corpus diuerſos corporis actus accipiens, immutetur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud probari poteſt lationem temporis puncto futuram; quae dimenſiones extent, vt <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> for<lb></lb>ma noua fuerit inducta quæ temporis puncto ſolent induci: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> oportebit <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> cedere <expan abbr="continẽs">continens</expan>, <lb></lb>ceſsio verò loci ſpecies eſt lationis quæ vnà cum dimenſionum ortu exiſtit. (huc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tota illa ratio de<lb></lb>ducitur) non probari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> inquam, proptereà quae extat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dimenſio ante formam; nec dimenſio gigni<lb></lb>tur; ſed termini illi dimenſioni comparantur; poſtulant verò tempus, quippe quae inter <expan abbr="quoſq.">quoſque</expan> termi<lb></lb>nos, vt optimè docet Philoſophus, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſit magnitudo, & extentio cuius priuilegio ponitur tempus in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3912"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea mutatione. </s> <s>At verò, cùm termini ſint in quolibet motu indiuidui, tempore quidem comparantur; <lb></lb>ſed in eius puncto exiſtunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Terminorũ">Terminorum</expan> productionem ceſsio ſequitur qui motus eſt; terminis ipſis <lb></lb>reſpondet locus, qui terminus eſt ceſsionis & lationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> locus cum terminis dimenſionis in pun<lb></lb>cto temporis exiſtit; ceſsio quæ eſt latio, cum extentione in tempore obibatur. </s> <s>Negamus igitur di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3913"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menſionem cum forma induci; quia non inducitur, ſed exiſtit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſi magnitudinem pro dimenſio<lb></lb>ne velint audire; ea ſubitò exiſtit; ſed in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan>; & hanc ceſsio <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>: nec igitur puncto <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan>, vt ipſi opi<lb></lb>nantur. </s> <s>Ex dictis apparet quo'nam à veterum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> noſtra diſtinguatur. </s> <s>Etenim opinati ſunt illi <expan abbr="q̃tita-tem">quatita<lb></lb>tem</expan> <expan abbr="interminatã">interminatam</expan> à terminata <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> differre, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> eſſe accidens & actu. </s> <s>Addidit Achillinus <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <lb></lb>terminum eſſe ſubſtantię. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quantitatem interminatam à terminata vt ſubſtantiam ab <expan abbr="accidẽ-te">acciden<lb></lb>te</expan> diſiungi putamus, & ſolam terminatam <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> credimus, & actu, cùm intermina<lb></lb>ta ſit potentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> per hæc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tolli arbitramur argumenta Achillini, quæ contra oppoſitionem <expan abbr="quã-titatis">quan<lb></lb>titatis</expan> intendit <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> non <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> priuilegio <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> illi tribuimus, ſed per ſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan> aſy<lb></lb>ſtaſian terminorum. </s> <s>Horum primum fuit. </s> <s>Ex eadem materiæ portione <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> prius terræ foret, <expan abbr="aq̃">aquae</expan> fieri. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cum verò rerum natura <expan abbr="conſtantiũ">conſtantium</expan> certa ſit magnitudo & paruitas, eo poſito quae <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mutet̃">mutetur</expan> <lb></lb>iidem <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> termini forent <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Scdò">Secundo</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> forma eſſet indiuidua, & indiuiduè <expan abbr="reciperet̃">reciperetur</expan> <lb></lb>in materia, <expan abbr="qa">quam</expan> ſi <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> <expan abbr="mutat̃">mutatur</expan>, & illa non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> proximè inhęrere materię, ſed p <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſubſtantiæ: ergo <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> prius inhęret in materia <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſt ſine <expan abbr="q̃titate">quantitate</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> verò diuiſionis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> petatur à <expan abbr="q̃titate">quantitate</expan>, ſi<lb></lb>quantitas non antecedit, ergo nulla ratio diuiſionis ineſſet in ea forma. </s> <s>Tertiò ſi eſſet oppoſitio in <pb pagenum="665"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3914"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantitate eſſet mutatio ſecundùm accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> autem mutatio ſecundùm accidens fit circum actu <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, hoc autem eſt per formam ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>ergo forma ſubſtantiæ præcederet quantitati, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſet indiuidua. </s> <s>Verùm ſi terminata eſt actu, interminata verò potentia, cùm potentia <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb>ſeparetur ab actu: ideò ponimus in <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> re naturali duplicem hanc quantitatem, ſicut in ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia compoſita duplicem ſubſtantiam ſimplicem materiam, & formam. </s> <s>Quarè ſicut in genera<lb></lb>tione ſubſtantiæ materia manet, & forma commutatur: ſic in productione nouę quantitatis ſuper<lb></lb>eſt quantitas interminata, mutatur autem terminata, alios terminos conſecuta ac prius habuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò ad argumenta Achillini. </s> <s>ad primum dico falsò ſupponi omnem quantitatem eſſe terminum <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, cùm ſit ſubſtantiæ terminus quantitas terminata ſolùm, cuius ſpecies variatur, vbi termi<lb></lb>ni commutentur. </s> <s>ſic non ſunt eidem termini terræ, & aquæ, nec eadem quantitas, licèt eadem ſit <expan abbr="q̃-titas">qua<lb></lb>titas</expan> interminata. </s> <s>Ad ſecundùm ponitur à nobis quantitas interminata intrinſeca materiæ, & idcir<lb></lb>co perpetua; circa quam quantitas terminata variatur, ſicuti formę circa materiam: quia tamen ſem<lb></lb>per eſt aliquis terminus in natura, ſicuti aliqua forma in materia, quemadmodum quando forma fit <lb></lb>in materia, & generatur compoſitum, compoſitum fit ex materia per ſe, & ex altero compoſito per <lb></lb>accidens; ſic quando fit quantum, fit per ſe è quantitate interminata, per accidens ex altero quanto. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> forma cùm adueniat materię quę <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> intrinſecùs <expan abbr="q̃titatem">quantitatem</expan> interininatam, p accidens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt ter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3915"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minata, neceſſariò eſt diuidua. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan> conceditur mutationem <expan abbr="q̃titatis">quantitatis</expan> fieri circa <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> actu; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>præcedere ſubſtantiam; <expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan> quia hęc ſubſtantia fit in materia quæ per ſe <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> <lb></lb>interminatam, & per accidens terminata eſt; efficitur nihilominus, vt forma ſubſtantiæ poſsit eſſe di<lb></lb>uidua. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc occurrebant quæ de <expan abbr="q̃titate">quantitate</expan> interminata priuatim diceremus; ad alia veniamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3903"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3904"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3905"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3906"></margin.target>a Præd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3907"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3908"></margin.target>a 1. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3909"></margin.target>b T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3910"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3911"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3912"></margin.target>c 6. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3913"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3914"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3915"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua expouuntur de natura quantitatis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB his quæ dicta ſunt, ediſſerere complura licebit quę ad intelligentiam <expan abbr="p̨tinent">pertinent</expan> eius quantitatis <lb></lb>quam cęteri cum hac differentia terminatam, nos <expan abbr="q̃titatem">quantitatem</expan> ſimpliciter appellamus. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> hęc <lb></lb>ab aliis vberrimè diſputata ſint, vt qui ea declaranda ſuſcipiat, laterem lauare credatur; attamen nos <lb></lb>aliqua tantùm delibabimus quæ ad dictorum <expan abbr="noſtrorũ">noſtrorum</expan> concordiam facere videantur. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex <lb></lb>his quę nuper & anteà conſtituta ſunt, apparet. </s> <s>Vtrùm <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> idem cum ſubſtantia ſit nec'ne, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <lb></lb>cùm duplex ſit in omni <expan abbr="q̃titate">quantitate</expan> principium, materia .ſ. </s> <s>& poteſtas; forma & actus: quod ad <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiamq́">materiamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpectat, eſt verò illa dimenſio; hæc à materia non ſeiungitur, vt oſtenſum eſt, aut ratione <lb></lb>ſola, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="pp">propter</expan> actum connotatum non per ſe, nec per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, & de hac parte Græci Simplicius & Ale<lb></lb>xander verba faciunt; cùm illam à ſubſtantia non diſtinguunt quæ pars continet formam & actum; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3916"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea differt à ſubſtantia, velut accidens; affert <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquid eſſentiæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtantiæ quod earum pars non <lb></lb>eſt; nec <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ita re differt, vt ſubiecto <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> ſeparetur <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> titas à <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, velut alibi <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> fuit à nobis, <lb></lb>dum de abſtractione mathematica tractaremus; nec à <expan abbr="q̃titate">quantitate</expan> ſubſtantia: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> ſemper dimenſio<lb></lb>ne fundatur; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> diuellitur à materia; materia verò pars eſt ſubſtantię, nec <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> actu ab ali<lb></lb>qua forma ſecreta, vbi iam <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> actu conſiſtit, ſed ita re ſeparatur, quae alius ſit <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> actus, & alia <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ & <expan abbr="q̃titatis">quantitatis</expan> eſſentia. </s> <s>Proinde materiæ poteſtas ad <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> eſt ſimpliciter ad ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="q̃tã">quantam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed ea duplex, vel quae generetur <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> in ſubſtantia, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> cum ſubſtantia producatur. </s> <s>illud <lb></lb>quidem neceſſariò fit in incremento, hoc plurimum in rarefactione contingit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi rarefactio <lb></lb>cum productione ſubſtantiæ ſæpe coniuncta eſt, at <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> eſt per affectionem, nullo accepto ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ detrimento. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur vt diuerſi ſint motus in ſubſtantia, & <expan abbr="q̃to">quanto</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſariò motus <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="q̈tũ">q̈tum</expan>, fiat vna <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> motu <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, vt cap. </s> <s>de motu docuit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quia verò <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> à <expan abbr="dimẽ-ſione">dimen<lb></lb>ſione</expan>, ſeu diſtantia neceſſariò pendet; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vna per ſe eſt, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> extentione <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tres dif<lb></lb>ferentias reſpicit, inde eſt, & vna ſit <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan>, nec <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> poſsit admittere, <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> n. <lb></lb></s> <s>extenditur; illæ <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> non <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> extenduntur, aliam <expan abbr="q̃titatẽ">quantitatem</expan> <expan abbr="admittũt">admittunt</expan>, ſed ſunt imperfectę <expan abbr="q̃titates">quantitates</expan>, <lb></lb>& termini magis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="q̃titates">quantitates</expan>, vna ſola eſt abſoluta, quod eſt corpus. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan>, veluti poſteà copioſius age<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s><expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> rei, vel accidens ſit, vel ſubſtantia; natura certos præfix erit terminos, & <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3917"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dentia ſalua ſubſtantia <expan abbr="varient̃">varientur</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terminis conſeruatis ſubſtantia noua <expan abbr="gignat̃">gignatur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt quae verearis <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſuppoſito variari <expan abbr="q̃titatẽ">quantitatem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> prorſus exiſtit natura <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſolum <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> immutat; quippe quae <lb></lb>vnius ſit <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, alterius verò <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan>, aut eſt <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſuppoſiti <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> <expan abbr="cõioris">conioris</expan>, vt in anima<lb></lb>li viuo & mortuo, Cùm <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="q̃titas">quantitas</expan> dimenſione conſiſtat <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> poſita eſt in materia; ea verò <expan abbr="q̃ſeferat">quaſeferat</expan> <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>extentionis, & rei quæ terminari poſsit; ex quo diuiſio, diminutio, <expan abbr="partiumq́">partiumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio videatur extare; <lb></lb>ſequitur rationem diuiſionis, & partium ad ſubſtantiam primò pertinere, mox redundare in quan<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Poteſt hoc ita confirmari quae diminutio materiæ tribuitur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>deinde ratio partium ſolet <lb></lb>in poteſtate collocari, poteſtas eſt materiæ propria. </s> <s>Verùm quòd diuiſio duo continet veluti primor<lb></lb>dia, extentionem, & terminos, ex extentione verò & terminis exiſtit protinus quantum; hinc effici<lb></lb>tur, vt diuiſio quæ vt à priori petitur à ſubſtantia, quo ad exiſt entiam <expan abbr="q̃to">quanto</expan> inhæreat, & <expan abbr="habeat̃">habeatur</expan> propria <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃ti">quati</expan>: <expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt vno verbo expediam, <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> ſanè ducit à ſubſtantia diuiſio, ſed formaliter inhæret in <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃to">quanto</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> potuit hoc loco quiſpiam non ſine cauſſa dubitare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Siquidẽ">Siquidem</expan> motus inſit primò in ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, deinde in <expan abbr="q̃to">quanto</expan>: patet verò id duab. conſtitutis hypotheſib. <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prima accidens in accidente <lb></lb>non ineſſe, ſed <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> in ſubſtantia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> motus ſit accidens, efficitur, vt primò <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>. <pb pagenum="666"></pb>Altera verò ſic ſe habere poteſtates & vias, quemadmodum actus. </s> <s>Quamobrem cùm actus ſubſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3918"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiæ pręcedat actui accidentis; ergo & poteſtas & via; quare & motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> generatio præcedit aliis <lb></lb>motibus, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuprà de 5. Phyſ. abundè expoſitum eſt. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> motui, quoad motus eſt; ſuppo<lb></lb>nitur ſubiectum diuiduum. </s> <s>Quamobrem & diuiduum primò ſubſtantiæ conuenit. </s> <s>Neque ſolùm <lb></lb>cauſſa diſtantiæ, atque dimenſionum quæ ſunt quantitas in potentia, ſed cauſſa formæ, vndè proxi<lb></lb>mè exiſtit quantum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & tota ratio quanti ſubſtantia fundatur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi dixeris quantum per<lb></lb>tinere quidem ad <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> motus, ſed ex conſecutione reſpicere ſubſtantiam: opponam <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ineſ<lb></lb>ſe mobili, quatenus eſt quantum. </s> <s>Quapropter omnis motus erit ſecundùm quantitatem. </s> <s>Et ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò igitur auctio, vel diminutio. </s> <s>An non idem eſt conuenire alicui quatenus quantum eſt, & <lb></lb>moueri ſecundùm quantitatem: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſignificat ſubiectum ſecundùm quod fit motus: illud <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>rationem, vel modum inhęrentię: in quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus eſt, eſt diuiduum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id cùm moueatur ſecun<lb></lb>dùm locum, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> actu ſubſtantia; proinde actu quantum. </s> <s>Sed ad generationem, cuius ſubiectum <lb></lb>eſt poteſtate, hoc quod eſt eſſe actu quantum, non primò pertinere videtur & per ſe, verùm potius <lb></lb>per accidens. </s> <s>Etenim etſi generatio pręcedit omnibus aliis motibus, pręcedit quidem in indiuiduo, <lb></lb>ſed latio ſimpliciter antecedit: ideò ſemper in effectu eſt in ſubiecto <expan abbr="quãto">quanto</expan>. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſicuti <expan abbr="diuiduũ">diuiduum</expan> <lb></lb>poteſtatem ſignificat, poteſtati verò ratio actus ſupponitur; ſic diuiſioni ſupponitur ratio quanti. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà tametſi cauſſa diuiſionis & quantitatis exiſtit radicitùs ex ſubſtantia; proximè tamen ap<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3919"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>paret in quanto. </s> <s>Sic occurrimus ſecundæ hypotheſi inficiantes <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> præcedere ſimpliciter <lb></lb>aliis motibus, & vniuerſam <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> quanti ex <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> duci, ſed rationem diuiſionis & partium de <lb></lb>quanto neceſſariò petendam. </s> <s>Quocirca diuiduum eſſe re uera prius eſt natura quanto; proptereà <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſumit̃">ſumitur</expan> in eius definitione. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> nobis <expan abbr="negociũ">negocium</expan> faceſſat <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> Philoſophi qui <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> decre<lb></lb>uerit <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> per eſſentiam eſſe continuam, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> accidere autem illi, vt in infinitum diuidatur; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3920"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit accidens, & poſterius eſt, & excluditur definitione ſiquidem vel, vt ait Simplicius, per accidens <lb></lb><expan abbr="intelligit̃">intelligitur</expan> poteſtate: id enim verè eſt, quod eſt actu: vel etiam quae Ariſt. </s> <s>ibi cum Zenone certans qui <lb></lb>motum per infinitam <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> è medio tollebat, non reſpiciat eam diuiſionem quæ manat ex ipſo <lb></lb>continuo, ſed quæ refertur ad mobile, quoad ſuperipſa mouetur; etenim quatenus mouetur, acci<lb></lb>dit, vt numeret infinita dimidia; reuera tamen mouetur ſuper linea finita, quatenus finita eſt; nec <lb></lb>ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille qui vnicam <expan abbr="continuã">continuam</expan> magnitudinem vnico adſpectu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> intueatur. </s> <s>Neque illud ob<lb></lb>ſtat, quae ſi partes ſunt in potentia, quod verò eſt in potentia, non eſt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, quòd cùm diuidatur ali<lb></lb>quid in partes, aut ex iis componatur; reſoluatur in non quanta, & è non quantis exiſtat: nanque <lb></lb>non ſic <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> diuidi <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> in quanta, aut effici è quantis, quia ſint actu <expan abbr="quãta">quanta</expan>, ſed quòd poſt diuiſio<lb></lb>nem quanta erunt, & erant quanta ante <expan abbr="compoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan>, & cùm in toto totius quantitate pollerent, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3921"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obtinuere propriam, & poſteà propriam deletis terminis amiſere; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>potitæ ſunt quæ totius eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in hunc ſenſum accipitur quicquid de eiuſmodi compoſitione & diuiſione <expan abbr="demõſtratum">demonſtratum</expan> eſt <lb></lb>in Phyſicis, lib. de Cęlo de Gen. & ſeparatim in lib. de lineis inſectibilibus contrà Democritum. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo interpretanda illa propoſitio. </s> <s>Rerum natura conſtantium <expan abbr="determinatã">determinatam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="magni-tudinẽ">magni<lb></lb>tudinem</expan> & paruitatem in toto & partibus. </s> <s>Neque etiam concluditur illud quod cenſuere nonnulli, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> à ſubſtantia nequaquam diſcrepare, quia partes exiſtant ex ſubſtantia; atqui vbi partes, <lb></lb>illico ratio quantitatis; nam dicimus ibi <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> eſſe ſubſtantiæ diuerſo modo, ac quantitatis: quan<lb></lb>dò ratio ſubſtantiæ intrinſecùs & reapſe eadem eſt cum ratione <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partes ipſamet mate<lb></lb>ries quæ intrinſecùs extenta eſt, & potentia quantum, veluti ſunt partes: quantitatis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ratio forma<lb></lb>liter in partium <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actus in ratione poteſtatis, qui ſanè áctus <lb></lb>cùm proximè pendeat ex forma, & inſit in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>; iam eſt accidens. </s> <s>Ex quo ſequitur, vt cùm par<lb></lb>tes anteà cum materia conferrentur, aliquid ab ea diuerſum non eſſent, relatæ ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, differant à <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, & degenerent in accidens. </s> <s>Contingit igitur partes quæ idem cum materia ſunt, origine <lb></lb>priores eſſe quantitate, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſa per partes definitur, in <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> extentione <expan abbr="continuitateq́">continuitateque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoad verò reſpiciunt actu quantum, <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> poſteriores eſſe quanto, & viciſsim definiri per quanti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3922"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tatẽ">tatem</expan>, nam ſunt quantæ in potentia. </s> <s>Cùm verò quantitas ſit ſemper ex forma, neceſſariò poſterior <lb></lb>eſt ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Quapropter ita partes exiſtunt ex ſubſtantia vt eædem intrinſecùs cum ipſa, quoad <lb></lb>eſt materia; pendent ex quantitate non effectiuè, ſed formaliter; hoc eſt natura quidem quantitati <lb></lb>præcedunt, <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> autem & perfectione ſuperantur. </s> <s>Ideò ratio par non eſt ſubſtantiæ & quantitatis <lb></lb>ad partes, neque proinde ſunt idem quantitas & ſubſtantia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> habere partem extra partem ad <lb></lb>quantum, ſic ſe habet, vt natura prius, & vt elementum quantitatis, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt vinculum per quod <lb></lb>ex ſubſtantia <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> apta eſt; cùm penitus inhæreat materiæ & terminis à forma ſuſceptis, <expan abbr="efficiat̃">efficiatur</expan> <lb></lb>quantitas. </s> <s>Neque obſtat, quòd partes ſemicirculi ſint toto poſteriores: quandò partes & cum cir<lb></lb>culo qui eſt figura, & <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> formam affert quantitati, & terminorum <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> præſefert <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan>, <lb></lb>& cum quanto ipſo cuius ſunt termini, conferantur: ac planè <expan abbr="cõprehenſa">comprehenſa</expan> ratione figuræ partes eo <lb></lb>modo ſunt toto poſteriores; ipſo autem quanto per ſe ſumpto ſunt priores, ei rei <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> eſt, quòd vt <lb></lb>ſemicirculus dicitur eſſe poſterior; non vt pars quanti ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Eadem ratio <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> & vni<lb></lb>uocè, vt arbitramur; ineſt <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſpeciei quantitatis ſiue continua ſit, ſiue diſcreta. </s> <s>Eius verò prima ſpe<lb></lb>cies eſt corpus quod ſolidum magis propriè diceretur ad differentiam corporis naturalis, quod eſt de <pb pagenum="667"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3923"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, cuius quantum ſeu proximè, ſiue remotè terminus eſſe perhibetur: <lb></lb>nam ſolidum primus eſt terminus cui ſubiectum primum reſpondet in ordine ſubſtantiæ in quo <lb></lb>ineſt propenſio ad quendam locum naturalem, & cui conuenit locus primò: ſuperficies & linea <lb></lb>ſunt termini ſolidi quibus certè nihil per ſe, <expan abbr="proximeq́">proximeque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum eſſe opinor quod ſubſiſtat; <lb></lb><expan abbr="verũtamen">veruntamen</expan> aliquid in eo quod per ſe ſubſiſtit quo, videlicet, terminatur, & habet certam poſituram <lb></lb>in corpore: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in corpore & ſubſtantia naturali extremitas & terminus; eſt & id in quo extremi<lb></lb>tas illa locatur; vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terminus ineſt in eo cuius eſt terminus; ineſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt eius, quod alibi declaraui<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> hæc vt termini ſunt ſolidi, & in eo ſic inſunt, vt termini; in corpore <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naturali <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3924"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ſubiecto, & à ſe inuicem eſſentia, non loco diſcluduntur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliquid reipſa in ſubſtantia naturali <lb></lb>cum qualitatib. & formis ſenſilib. complicata. </s> <s>ſine <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cùm ſpectantur à mathematico, tranſeunt <lb></lb>in notiones, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> aliquid reſpondeat in rerum natura, licèt non eo modo quo cogitantur. </s> <s>In eo<lb></lb>rum continuitate poſitum eſt vnum quod eſt principium numeri, in diuiſione verò numerus, quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ratione tantùm priora contiuuo, quae continuum aliquid <expan abbr="vninumeroq́">vninumeroque</expan>. </s> <s>apponit, nimirùm poſi<lb></lb>tionem, ſed ſunt poſteriora ſimpliciter, quae naſcuntur ex ipſo, fortè non eo modo quem nobis expo<lb></lb>ſuerunt Auerroes & Albertus ſuper eo loco. [Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> numerum conſecuta ſunt, ita & diuiſionem] ſci<lb></lb>licet, quia tres habeant dimenſiones: primam quæ eſt longitudo: alteram quæ eſt latitudo, ac tertiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3925"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ eſt altitudo: quando ex diuiſione continui numerus in infinitum porrigatur; ea verò de qua di<lb></lb>ſputat Ariſt. </s> <s>ternario terminetur: ſola <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illa infinito ſubijci queat quæ fit bipertitò: neque item <lb></lb>quia repetatur vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>continuum, quod aliquando viſus eſt aſſeuerare Philoſophus <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nume<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3926"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum in tempore <expan abbr="collocãs">collocans</expan> ex replicatione vnius <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>inſtantis. </s> <s>Atenim ſic interpretarer ex eiuſ<lb></lb>dem vnius repetitione numerum procreati repetito eodem continuo, & ratione vnius formaliter ac<lb></lb>cepti quod eſt principium diſcretæ quantitatis, & vt cùm ſemper inhæreat in continuo, cum ipſo <expan abbr="cõ-tinuo">con<lb></lb>tinuo</expan> coniuncta, <expan abbr="vnaq́">vnaque</expan>. </s> <s>& coniunctim eodem vno quod eſt in continuo, ſumpto. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ratione ſe<lb></lb>gregentur, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> numerum illum non ſimpliciter eſſe opinabor in tempore, ſed eſſe <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> motus, <lb></lb>ex quo in fluxu poſitus eſt. </s> <s>& eget auxilio mentis, aut <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>non accipi inſtans quo <expan abbr="tẽ-pus">tem<lb></lb>pus</expan> numeratur, quia quodam accidente diſtinctum ſit, veluti quadam præfinitione temporis, vt pu<lb></lb>ta, antecedentis & conſequentis. </s> <s>ſicuti diſtinguuntur pluuia, ex qua prius vapor, & quæ poſteà ex <lb></lb>vapore 2. Poſt. quem verò ordinem conſecutæ fuerint in natura continui partes, haud eſt explicatu <lb></lb>facile. </s> <s>Nam corpus in quo tres menſuræ continentur, Ariſt. </s> <s>autumat perfectum: tamen cùm ſint <lb></lb>termini, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> diſtantia, quæ erat poteſtate quantum, fit actu quantum, videntur eſſe <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>formæ, & afferre perfectionem. </s> <s>Rurſus natura priores ſunt; cùm ratio corporis in terminorum ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3927"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem reſoluatur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contrà: <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiquidem linea & planum ſine corpore cogitentur, at ſine his <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3928"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corpus in mentem cadere nequeat: etenim continuò in corpore termini ſubiiciuntur. </s> <s>quòd ſi mens <lb></lb>non ſeparat corpus ab illis, multò minus ea diuellet ipſa natura, multò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magis valet mens ſeparan<lb></lb>do, quàm natura. </s> <s>Item menſura potior eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſimplicior, quàm id cuius eſt: ſed reliquæ ſunt men<lb></lb>ſuræ corporis. </s> <s>Et priores igitur & ſimpliciores. </s> <s>Accedit & argumentum ex Ariſtotele ipſo deprom<lb></lb>ptum. </s> <s>Omne .ſ. </s> <s>finiens eſſe perfectius eo quod finitur. </s> <s>Superficies <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & linea finiunt, corpus verò fi<lb></lb>nitur. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> verba eiuſdem afferentis, ſi corpus eſſet ſubſtantia, magis ſubſtantiam fore <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan>, <lb></lb>ac lineam, quàm corpus. </s> <s>Equidem puto quantitatem poſſe conſiderari bifariam, vel per ſeipſam co<lb></lb>gitationis auxilio, non habita .ſ. </s> <s>ratione corporis naturalis, ſiue more Ariſtotelico non extra ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam, ſed non ſine ſubſtantia, ſeu via peruulgata mathematicorum qui Pythagoram & Euclidem <lb></lb>imitati ſunt, extra ſubſtantiam; aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in ſubſtantia naturali phyſico more, non eſt nunc diſſerendi <lb></lb>locus; vbi ergo per ſe ipſam ſpectetur, illa ſine controuerſia valent quæ nos obiecimus, nam ſic ab il<lb></lb>lis corpus informatur. </s> <s>Etenim auctorib. Ptolemæo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Theone non diſsimiliter ab Ariſt. </s> <s>noſtro ſu<lb></lb>perficies termini ſunt, & formæ, figuræ verò qualitates: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſunt eo ſimpliciores, & ideò menſuræ, <lb></lb>vt verò ſunt termini ſubſtantiæ naturalis, obſtare videtur auctoritas Ariſtotelis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> item quia ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3929"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perficies & linea veluti priuationes habentur, & per corpus definiuntur. </s> <s>Igitur ita dicerem Philoſo<lb></lb>phum ſpectaſſe quantitatem, vt ſubſtantiæ inſtrumentum: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>cùm in rerum natura cæteris om<lb></lb>nib. ſubſtantia ſupponatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, effectum fuiſſe <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt exiſtat, non linea, vel pla<lb></lb>num, ſed corpus, & ſolidum in quo continentur omnes dimenſiones: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuperficies & linea vo<lb></lb>cantur. </s> <s>Licet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicere terminos quantitatis eſſe duplices eſſentiæ nimirùm, & extentionis, per illos <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpecies quanti conſtitui, qui ſunt longitudo, latitudo, & altitudo, ſiue diuiduum eſſe vnico, du<lb></lb>plici, ac triplici modo, vnde exiſtunt linea, ſuperficies, & corpus. </s> <s>Ex quo effectum eſt, vt cùm ſpecies <lb></lb>quanti conſtituant veluti differentia, qualitates, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quantitates appellentur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hi ſunt natu<lb></lb>rales, & prorſus inuariabiles. </s> <s>At verò termini extentionis in quanto ſunt quoquomodo per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, <lb></lb>& indefiniti, cùm in quolibet ſigno poſsit diuidi quantum, & accipere terminos, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tantùm ex na<lb></lb>tura pendent, quantum ex <expan abbr="cõſilio">conſilio</expan> & caſu. </s> <s>Dicimus ergo terminos eſſentiæ perfectiores eſſe eo cuius <lb></lb>ſunt termini, terminos verò extentionis haud <expan abbr="quaq̃">quaquae</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde Ariſtotelem comparando corpus cum <lb></lb>ſuperficie, ac linea verè pronunciaſſe corpus eſſe perfectius. </s> <s>Sed ſi quis etiam putet corpus conferri <lb></lb>cum terminis illis quos eſſentiales appellauimus, ſic cauſſam defendet. </s> <s>Etenim ſicut actu ſubſtantia <lb></lb>quæ eſt compoſita, reſoluitur in alia principia longè priora, ſic etiam corpus in hos terminos, quòd <pb pagenum="668"></pb>tales terminos in genere quantitatis conſecutum fuiſſet, longitudinem .ſ. </s> <s>latitudinem, & altitudinem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3930"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quib. certa & præfinita magnitudo <expan abbr="clauderet̃">clauderetur</expan>, ſed cùm poſtmodò aptaretur rebus naturalib. ſic ad <lb></lb>ſubſtantias naturales quid poſterius eſſent corpore, cùm ſit hoc pręcipuum & potiſsimum ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ inſtrumentum, verùm in ordine quantitatis eſſent primæ, ſicut terminus, & actus ſunt poteſtate <lb></lb>priores. </s> <s>Noui Græcos inter <foreign lang="grc">ὁρον & πέρας</foreign> eam differentiam ponere, quòd <foreign lang="grc">ὁρος</foreign> ſit cuius gratia, <foreign lang="grc">πέ<lb></lb>ρας</foreign>, ſit extremitas ſolùm, in illo perfectionem collocate; huic nullam tribuere <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, ac ſuper<lb></lb>ficiem punctum, & lineam <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ ὁρου</foreign> <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dignari, ſed <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ πέρατος</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> corpus appellari <foreign lang="grc">πεπερα<lb></lb>σμενον</foreign>. </s> <s>Quàm verè iudicet ille, qui 1. de Cęlo corpus <foreign lang="grc">τέλειον, & ὡρῖσθαι</foreign> viderit ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="teſtatũ">teſtatum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mitto quòd lib. de An. motu <foreign lang="grc">πέρας</foreign> accipit Ariſt. pro eo quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">τὸ οὗ ἐνεκα</foreign> <expan abbr="ibidemq́">ibidemque</expan>. </s> <s>mox <foreign lang="grc">πέρας</foreign><lb></lb>pro termino, non pro fine motus. </s> <s>Verùm facita eſſe, & in hæc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> valere quæ multò antè nos mo<lb></lb>nuerat Ariſt. </s> <s>non eſſe <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>, eſſe finem, vel bonum. </s> <s>Dicimus item finiens eſſe duplex <expan abbr="pręcipuũ">pręcipuum</expan>, <lb></lb>& ſecundarium, & in magnitudine præcipuum finiens eſſe formam; eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> officium eſt terminare, <lb></lb>atque ea poſita in materia ſubitò quantitas exiſtit. </s> <s>quòd ibi linea ſit, aut ſuperficies quibus <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> <lb></lb>generatim <expan abbr="claudat̃">claudatur</expan>, & ſpeciatim corpus, totum id externum eſt, vt ſuprà diximus. </s> <s>Idcirco dicimus <lb></lb>tum finiens eſſe perfectius eo quod finitur, cùm termini præcipui ſunt, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundarij, & ita <expan abbr="vi-det̃">vi<lb></lb>detur</expan> ſtatuere Syrianus, licèt vix ex eius verbis aliquis ſenſus elici poſsit. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt corpus cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3931"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iis collatum eos perfectione ſuperet. </s> <s>Quòd ſicubi teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>eos terminos fore magis ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> corpus, cum Mathematicis agebat eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, ij verò terminos volebant eſſe principia: quip<lb></lb>pe quòd ex fluxu, ſeu veſtigio puncti cuius eſt nulla magnitudo, quod in motu ipſo ſuper plano re<lb></lb>linquitur, docerent effici lineam, & cùm <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> careat <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> magnitudine; effici <expan abbr="lõgitudinem">longitudinem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <lb></lb>expertem latitudinis; ac ſuperficiem produci teſtarentur ex motu lineæ in tranſuerſum; nam quod <lb></lb>ex hoc motu veſtigium reſtat, erit longum ex longitudine lineæ, ex tali verò tranſlatione <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan> <lb></lb>contrahet; cùm verò linea profunditatem non habeat; latitudo illa profunditate carebit: conſimi<lb></lb>liter accepta ſuperficie ponerent <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> vel attolli, vel in tranſuerſum ferri, ex quo corpus efficeretur in <lb></lb>quo tres erunt termini, longitudo ex linea, latitudo ex ſuperficie, ex hoc poſteriore motu profundi<lb></lb>tas & altitudo. </s> <s>Phyſici <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Democritus & Plato corpora è punctis <expan abbr="planiſq́">planiſque</expan>. </s> <s>componebant. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>qui erant verè termini, vſurpabantur pro principiis. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſuperficies, & linea priuationes <expan abbr="habeã-tur">habean<lb></lb>tur</expan>, id quoque factum eſt, quia perſpicuitati magis, quàm naturæ ordini conſultum eſt; atqui cor<lb></lb>pus ipſum eſt actu, & quia totum ſenſui notius: <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo, licèt vnum ſit prius natura mul<lb></lb>titudine, quia tamen multitudo notior: efficitur, vt vnum exiſtimetur priuatio multitudinis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>ſemper ratio <expan abbr="mẽſuræ">menſuræ</expan> ſumitur à perfectiore & priore natura, ſed à notiore, & ſimpliciore <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan>; <lb></lb>tametſi poſterius eſt, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> metimur <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cęterũ">Cęterum</expan> terminos cum corpore comprehendi neceſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3932"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe eſt: infinitum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quatenus huiuſmodi ignoratur, nec adſpectus ipſe qui <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſenſuum eſt acerri<lb></lb>mus, vt docent optici; ſine terminis <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> ſpectat magnitudinem: ſiquidem <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> adſpectus in <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>pyramidis ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="adſpectã">adſpectam</expan> feratur; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>non tota rem adſpectabilem occupet, conſimiliter & alij ſen<lb></lb>ſus cum certa figura, hoc eſt, ſub certis terminis <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> accipiunt magnitudinem, qui contactu <expan abbr="vtunt̃">vtuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>tantum magnitudinis eſſe iudicant, quantum tangitur, qui eminus operantur; etiam analogicè de <lb></lb>magnitudine iudicium ferunt: omnino verò omnes moderatum flagitant, & à maximo <expan abbr="corrũpun-tur">corrumpun<lb></lb>tur</expan>, à minimo non mouentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> verò etſi par eſſe videtur lineæ progreſſus, & longitudinis, <lb></lb>plani, & latitudinis, corporis, & altitudinis; noli tamen putare eandem rem prorſus eſſe lineam, <lb></lb>& longitudinem, ac reliquas conſimiliter: etenim longè diſtant, & magna eſt <expan abbr="quarundã">quarundam</expan> ex his vo<lb></lb>cibus ambiguitas, & longitudinis & reliquorum ſimilium propria notio eſt terminus ille internus <lb></lb>qui coërcet fluxum diſtantiæ determinans ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, duo, & tria; & propriè qualitas, vt anteà diximus, <lb></lb>ac cùm ſignificet <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, vnde nomen accipi conſueuit; hinc etiam effectum eſſe putandum eſt, vt di<lb></lb>menſiones, quia potentiæ ſunt, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>nomine vacant, inde nomen <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> mutuauerint: ſuperficies, <lb></lb>& linea ſunt per ſe ſpecies quanti, cùm per ſe extendantur, & diuidua ſint in infinitum; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> linea <lb></lb>diuiditur, & fit maior & minor, longitudo, & latitudo per ſe non diuiduntur, ſed linea per longitu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3933"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dinem, ſuperficies per latitudinem, corpus per altitudinem. </s> <s>Et quanuis diuiſiones, & termini ſint, <lb></lb>ſunt modo quodam materiali, quaſi tollentia <expan abbr="continuitatẽ">continuitatem</expan>, licèt non ſimpliciter termini ſint, ſed ad <lb></lb>ea ſemper quorum plures exiſtunt diuiſiones vt linea ſuperficiei, ſuperficies corporis. </s> <s>Secundò <lb></lb>longitudo pertinet ad <expan abbr="exprimendã">exprimendam</expan> formam corporis, & aliquam figuræ <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan>, quæ referri ſo<lb></lb>let ad <expan abbr="quartã">quartam</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> qualitatis, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> longitudo, latitudo, & profunditas proprietates obtinent qua<lb></lb>litatum, ſiquidem <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> habere manifeſtò videantur, & plus <expan abbr="minuſq́">minuſque</expan>. </s> <s>accipere, quantum plus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="minuſq́">minuſque</expan>. </s> <s>repudiat, neque ſubiicitur contrariis: nam longo breue, lato anguſtum, & alto humile op<lb></lb>ponuntur, & longius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, <expan abbr="latiuſq́ue">latiuſque</expan> exiſtit. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> longitudo à mathematicis pro quantitate <lb></lb>ipſa ſumitur, vt in lineę definitione conſtat, dum ponitur longitudo latitudinis expers: in qua item <lb></lb>definitione aduertas perſequi <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> definitionem Mathematicum quæ rem per ſe obſcuram per eui<lb></lb>dentius patefaciat. </s> <s>Eſt enim latitudo notior propter colorem quo ſemper eſt affecta, ideò per eius <expan abbr="pri-uationẽ">pri<lb></lb>uationem</expan> longitudo declaratur, & per longitudinem, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> proximè ex latitudine cognitam, vt eſſen<lb></lb>tiam, linea definitur. </s> <s>quicquid ſit apparet, eas eſſe voces ambiguas & aliquam ſignificare naturam <lb></lb>quæ diſtet à <expan abbr="quãtitate">quantitate</expan>, quæ iam eſt linea, ſuperficies & corpus quibus veluti <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> ineſt, eſſe <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>, <pb pagenum="669"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3934"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel infinitum & fortè magis, quàm æquale & inæquale: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hęc ſeorſum in vnico indiuiduo poſ<lb></lb>ſunt ineſſe, cùm cęteroquin æquale & inęquale ſint propria generis, vt genus, non vllius ſeparatim, <lb></lb>ſed ſemper ad alteram quantitatem. </s> <s>Neque illud obſtat, quae Ariſtoteles abiecerit infinitum, quan<lb></lb>do non omnibus modis infinitum natura excluditur, ſed id quod eſt in actu, quod verò eſt in poten<lb></lb>tia, recipitur ab ipſo, & oſtenditur eſſe neceſſarium. </s> <s>Proptereà proprium eſſe cenſebimus infinitum <lb></lb>ipſius quanti eo modo quo eſſe poteſt infinitum, potentia ſcilicet, & ad minus non ad maius; in actu <lb></lb>imperfecto, non perfecto, & in quolibet ſigno ſeorſum, non in omnibus ſimul.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3916"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3917"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3918"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3919"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3920"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 88.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3921"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3922"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3923"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3924"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3925"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3926"></margin.target>b 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3927"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3928"></margin.target>c 3. Met. <lb></lb>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3929"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3930"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3931"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3932"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3933"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3934"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tangimus aliqua de quantitate mathematica propter Achillini dubitatio<lb></lb>nem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC nos ita eſſe defendimus, quemadmodum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>conſtituta ſunt, in hoc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nego<lb></lb>cio parcentes alienis, quicquid verò ſeparatim decreuerim exponentes. </s> <s>Igitur in primis doce<lb></lb>bimus quæ ſit <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> mathematica, mox quibus modis <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõtingat">contingat</expan>: declarabimus an'ne <lb></lb>hoc munere poſsit aliquando fungi natura, & rationes <expan abbr="aduerſariorũ">aduerſariorum</expan> conuellemus. </s> <s>Hinc verò duce<lb></lb>mus exordium. </s> <s>Illud extitit decretum <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> Mathematicas <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abſtrahere à materia ſimpliciter, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3935"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quippe non à materia quæ foret exors ſenſilium qualitatum. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſic opponebat Achillinus, <lb></lb>illas item ab hoc materiæ genere fore abſtracturas. </s> <s>Nam ſi minus, ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> à forma <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> quæ <lb></lb>pendet ex materia. </s> <s>Probat verò conſequentiam, quia tametſi materia & forma ſe conſequuntur in <lb></lb>eo quae ſint, tamen in eo quae intelliguntur, non ſe conſequuntur; etenim materia per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> cognoſcitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quia verò ambigua ſunt admodùm illa verba, ita vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſenſus hic ex iis elici poſſe videatur. </s> <s>nem<lb></lb>pe non ſe conſequi ineſſe, ſed in eo quae intelliguntur, quia materia prima ſeparatur à forma, non con<lb></lb>trà; cùm verò ſint ex ordine eorum quæ ſunt ad aliquid, <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> in vtriuſque definitione ponatur; <lb></lb>etiam hoc ſenſu conſtituto ſequitur, vbi materia prima concipiatur, ibi quoque concipi formam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà Mathematicas, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abſtrahunt à materia prima, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam à forma abſtracturas. </s> <s>Ideò <lb></lb>nos ad hæc aliqua dicamus. </s> <s>Repetenda verò ſunt ea. </s> <s>Principia mathematica vti inductione natu<lb></lb>rali: ſola <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſilis eſt qualitas illa quæ eſt in materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Prætereà materiam, etſi tota reſpicit <lb></lb>formam, neutiquàm tamen ex toto: habere enim aliquid ſuiipſius proprium quod ipſa non mu<lb></lb>tuet ex forma, quod. </s> <s>etiam compoſito tanquàm pars eius communicet, vtputa, rationem poteſtatis, <lb></lb>exiſtentiæ, extentionis, partitionis, indiuiduationis. </s> <s>Prętereà cognoſci aliquid, cognoſci per aliquid, <lb></lb>& cognoſci in aliquo. </s> <s>aliquid ſanè cognoſcitur quod per ſe eſt, quatenus per ſe, quia quatenus ens <lb></lb>habet rationem qua poteſt mouere mentem. </s> <s>per aliquid cognoſcitur cuius eſt aliqua cauſſa: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3936"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omnium cauſſas habentium notitia per cauſſas comparatur. </s> <s>in aliquo cognoſcitur vt cauſſa in effe<lb></lb>ctu, imago in ſpeculo, vbi eſt ſignificatio quidem, ſed non ratio cauſſæ. </s> <s>Sic in ſenſilibus intelligen<lb></lb>da ſpectantur; per cauſſas effecta cognoſcuntur, & omnia generatim per actum, & <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ſunt, <lb></lb>mouent quoquomodo mentem ſic, vt ab ea comprehendantur. </s> <s>His adde; varios eſſe gradus abſtra<lb></lb>ctionis; primum, cùm à ſingularibus cogitur vniuerſale in notitia confuſa, alterum. </s> <s>cùm eſſentia ſe<lb></lb>paratur à materia ſenſili quę toto poſterior eſt. </s> <s>tertium, cùm habetur ratio formæ ſolius, quod fa<lb></lb>cit primus Philoſophus. </s> <s>quartum, cùm componuntur vniuerſalia ſecum & formantur rationes <expan abbr="cõ-municationis">con<lb></lb>municationis</expan>, ſiue notiones logicę. </s> <s>Poſtremò abſtrahunt Mathematicę ab omni ſenſili qualitate, <lb></lb>ſpectantes formas quæ ex quantitate ſola exiſtunt, quam dicimus inhęrere in materia prima, eas <lb></lb>autem ſeparabiles eſſe natura nos admonet, cùm quantitas in ſubſtantia præcedat omnibus aliis ca<lb></lb>tegoriis. </s> <s>Inter hos abſtractionis modos eſt ordo. </s> <s>& quo ad mentem, & quo ad naturam. </s> <s>primo <lb></lb>enim occurrit vniuerſale confuſum, quod indefinitè materiam ſenſilem refert, quòd proximè noſci<lb></lb>tur ex ſingularibus, mox vniuerſale quod eſt forma, ab hoc exurgit materię notio, quia compre<lb></lb>henditur forma facta reſolutione compoſiti, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>altera pars, vt ab ea diſtincta concipitur. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>re etſi non ſine forma, & in compoſito cognoſcitur, adde item per formam & actum; reſtat illi ni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3937"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hilominus illud quod per ſe eſt, & habet vim mouendi mentem. </s> <s>hæc eſt abſtractio tertia in qua <lb></lb>materiæ notio licèt per formam & in compoſito peruenit ad mentem, tamen ſine forma & compo<lb></lb>ſito <expan abbr="cõſeruari">conſeruari</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in mente: ita vt velut in via pendeat ex actu, ſed in fine viæ per ſe moueat men<lb></lb>tem. </s> <s>Verùm enimuerò moneo te in hiſce progreſsibus obſeruare duplicem modum abſtractionis, <lb></lb>confuſæ ſcilicet, atque diſtinctæ: neque enim volo ſic ſemper reſolui compoſitum in formam & <lb></lb>materiam, quia rei quiditas ex toto perſpicua ſit, ſed ero contentus aliquando, ſi in hoc toto nihil <lb></lb>hominis ſpeculer; altiorem aliquando requiram, vt eius quid eſt in ſua primordia diſſoluam. </s> <s>hic <lb></lb>planè modus omnium difficillimus, vt fortè non niſi ſummè exercitato ſuccedat, ſuccedat tamen: <lb></lb>quanquàm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> confuſus, neque diſtinctus methodi cuiuſpiam proprius mihi videtur, ſed à men<lb></lb>te ſola præſtari per habitum phyſicum: methodus enim principia ſemper refert ad ea <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hunc igitur tertium abſtractionis modum, ſed confuſum dico ſupponi Mathematico. </s> <s>Ex quo vi<lb></lb>des conſequentiam argumenti oppoſiti locum non habere in hoc genere abſtractionis.</s></p> <pb pagenum="670"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3935"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3936"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3937"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Infinitum in natura, & quibus modis eſſe contingat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3938"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3938"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>INFINITVM multis ſanè modis & poni & excogitari poteſt: nam præter id quod & de con<lb></lb>tinuo, & de diſcreto prædicatur, vel actu conſtituitur, velut à Democrito, & Leucippo mundi, & <lb></lb>intermundia infinita; ab Anaxagora infinita homœomer<foreign lang="grc">εια</foreign>, ab Anaximene aër, aqua à Thalete. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nullus enim eorum qui <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> elementum poſuere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud infinitum poſuit ignem, aut terram. <lb></lb></s> <s>Infinitum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> habitum, quod habet ſucceſsionem <expan abbr="perpetuã">perpetuam</expan>, veluti motus & tempus, quæ cùm in <lb></lb>ſucceſsione poſita ſint; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ex toto non extent, ſed per aliquas partes, ſeu potius terminos; atta<lb></lb>ment antecedenti ſemper noua ſufficitur; vnde etiam infinitum <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ προσθεσιν</foreign>, & ex additio<lb></lb>ne dici <expan abbr="cõſueuit">conſueuit</expan>. </s> <s>Infinitum prætereà quod in partes infinitas ſecari poteſt, ideò vocatur <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ διαί<lb></lb>ρεσὶν</foreign>, ideſt, ex diuiſione. </s> <s>De <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> his infinitis varia ſunt ab hominibus ſeparatim iudicia facta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam Democritus qui actu ponebat infinitum; negabat ipſum diuidi in infinitum, ſed diuidendo <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> minimas magnitudines perueniri quæ vlterius ſecari non poſſent: alij motum olim cœ<lb></lb>piſſe profitentur, nonnulli <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> tempori antecedere, vt Xenocrates & Platonici qui ex inordinato <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> mundum adductum fuiſſe volunt; at non ex aliquo tempore. </s> <s>Sed infinitum actu ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb>natura <expan abbr="cogitationeq́">cogitationeque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="exturbatũ">exturbatum</expan> nouimus ab Ariſtotele: tempus & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> infinita eſſe <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> addi<lb></lb>tionem in extremis libris oſtendetur, reſtat vt de illo dicamus quod eſt ex diuiſione; <expan abbr="magnumq́">magnumque</expan>. </s> <s>ne<arrow.to.target n="marg3939"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gocium fuit ætate Ariſt. </s> <s>defendere tale genus infiniti propter auctoritatem & <expan abbr="doctrinã">doctrinam</expan> Democriti, <lb></lb>Platonis, atque Zenonis; in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>placito conuellendo plurimùm laborauit præceptor admirabilis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="oſtẽdens">oſtendens</expan> id quod eſt diuiduum, ex indiuiduis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe <expan abbr="cõponi">componi</expan>, ſed in ea quæ adhuc ſeparari valeant, <lb></lb>& libellum ad eiuſmodi propoſitum ſcripſit: nam quòd germanus ſit ille liber Ariſt. </s> <s>clariſsimis mo<lb></lb>numentis antiquiores eius interprętes Græci teſtantur. </s> <s>Rationes quibus eſt vſus Ariſt. </s> <s>partim natu<lb></lb>rales ſunt, partim mathematicę, tametſi mathematicę potius ex notis nobis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex prioribus natura <lb></lb>ſunt effectæ, iam enim indicauimus hoc eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> in ea facultate. </s> <s>Complures verò ſunt huiuſ<lb></lb>modi rationes, ſed eas huc corrogare <expan abbr="ſuperuacaneũ">ſuperuacaneum</expan> ſit, & ab aliis acta agere ineptum: hæc tantum<lb></lb>modò ſubiiciam, quibus ope mathematicorum <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> confirmatum fuiſſe video, <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="lucẽ">lucem</expan> deſiderent: ſiquidem duæ rationes inter alias <expan abbr="vſurpãtur">vſurpantur</expan> à mathematicis efficiendi pro<lb></lb>poſitum; altera qua <expan abbr="conſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan> triangulum æquilatus; cuius baſin in duas partes ſecant, & vni eius <lb></lb>portioni alteram ab aduerſo latere <expan abbr="æqualẽ">æqualem</expan> amputantes parallelam ducunt ad baſin; <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>in paral<lb></lb>lelas rectas lineas recta incidens linea, & alternatim angulos ad inuicem æquales, & exteriorem in<lb></lb>teriori & oppoſito, & ad <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> partes æqualem, & interiores ad <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> partes duobus rectis æquales <lb></lb>efficiat: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> trianguli maius latus ſub maiore angulo; necnon <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> trianguli maior angulus ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3940"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maiore latere <expan abbr="ſubtendat̃">ſubtendatur</expan>. </s> <s>ex quo anguli & latera ſecum <expan abbr="cõgruũt">congruunt</expan>, <lb></lb>ſi igitur æquales anguli; latera <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> æqualia eſſe oportebit, & con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig10"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trà. </s> <s>manifeſtum eſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ex hac partitione exoriri <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="triangulũ">triangulum</expan> <lb></lb>æquilatus. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eodem planè modo ſecari poterit, & ob <expan abbr="eã-dem">ean<lb></lb>dem</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> alterum æquilatus efficietur: nec vnquam ea diui<lb></lb>ſio ceſſabit: nam ſemper duo latera quomodocunque aſſumpta <lb></lb>reliquo ſunt maiora; ſic verò contingeret, vt ſi ad <expan abbr="apicẽ">apicem</expan> triangu<lb></lb>li æquilateris peruenire liceret vt terna forent indiuidua ternis re<lb></lb>ſpondentia lateribus, ſed cùm indiuiduum additum indiuiduo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>faciat maius, ſi duo illa indiuidua cum tertio conferantur, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> <lb></lb>maius extabit, quod fieri nequit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Etiã">Etiam</expan> Simplicius 3. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3941"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uis parùm diuersè à ſuperioribus, in idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abſurdum deſinit eius demonſtratio, <expan abbr="triangulũ">triangulum</expan> æqui<lb></lb>crus & rectangulum ſumpſit, in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtituit baſin <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> latere maiorem: mox amputatis æquis <lb></lb>portionibus ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> latere duxit rectam ab vno ex illis punctis ad oppoſitum quæ æquè diſtat à <lb></lb>baſi: nanque ab æqualibus æquè portiones amputatæ ſunt, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>& reliquæ ſunt æquales: ex his <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3942"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>produxit conſimile <expan abbr="triangulũ">triangulum</expan> æquicrus, & <expan abbr="rectangulũ">rectangulum</expan>, proptereaque anguli ex parallelis æquales <expan abbr="pro-ducunt̃">pro<lb></lb>ducuntur</expan>, vt ſuprà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, & rectus <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> triangulo <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>; erit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> minus, nec vnquam diuiſio <lb></lb>poterit abſolui, tametſi <expan abbr="triãgulum">triangulum</expan> ſubinde fiat minus; cùm ſemper <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig11"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duo latera ſint tertio maiora, & ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> id amputari poſsit, quo <lb></lb>exuperat baſin, ac ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet quippiam amputari; non <expan abbr="exupera-rẽt">exupera<lb></lb>rent</expan> duo latera tertium, quod fieri non poteſt. </s> <s>Sit enim triangulum <lb></lb>æquicrus ABC. à lateribus AB. AC. æquales portiones amputen<lb></lb>tur AD. AE. & iungantur per lineam <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan> puncta D. E. exiſtet <lb></lb>linea ED. parallela baſi BC. Dico item ſuper lateribus AD. AE. <lb></lb>alteram parallelam eidem baſi conſtitui poſſe, & inde effici trian<lb></lb>gulum minus ipſo ADE, quod rem ſit æquicrus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="rectangulũ">rectangulum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> accipio duo latera ſimul AD. AE, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>comparo cum baſi <lb></lb>DE. ea ſanè latera maiora ſunt baſi: ſumantur DA. AE, notetur <lb></lb><expan abbr="pũctus">punctus</expan> in altero ex illis lateribus quo <expan abbr="exuperat̃">exuperatur</expan> baſis DE. fit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> F. <pb pagenum="671"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3943"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& cùm earundem quantitatum ad <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> eadem ratio ſit æqualitatis & exuperantiæ; conſimiliter, <lb></lb>ſi cum eadem baſe ED <expan abbr="cõferantur">conferantur</expan> latera EA. AD. erit exuperatio, vt in G. quæ neceſſario par erit <lb></lb>alteri, quæ in F. Ergo FE. & G D. ſunt portiones æquales æqualium laterum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ab F. ad G. du<lb></lb>ci poterit altera parallela baſi BC. & ſic in infinitum. </s> <s>Non ergo ſtat diuiſio continui. </s> <s>Verùm in Sim<lb></lb>pliciano codice <expan abbr="ſubũt">ſubunt</expan> <expan abbr="mẽdæquę">mendæquę</expan> ſic tolli poſſunt. <foreign lang="grc">Ἐιδὲ καὶ τοῦ τριγώνου αἱ δύο πλευρας ἀεὶ τῆς λοιπῆς <lb></lb>μείζωνές εὶσιν, ἐὰν ἐν ἰσοσκελεῖ ὀρθογονιῳ τριγώνῳ ἐν ᾧ ἡ βάσις ἐκατέρας ἐστὶ τῶν πλευρῶν· μεί<lb></lb>ζων, ἀπ' ἀμφοῖν τῶν πλευρῶν ἴσην ἀφελόντες δὶα τῶν γενομένον σημείων παράλληλον ἀγάγωμεν<lb></lb>τῇ βάσει, τὸ τρίγωνον ἔλαττον ποιήσομεν ὑμοιον τῷ ὁλῷ, ὀρθογώνών τε, καὶ ἰσοσκελὲς και τοῦτο ἀεὶ <lb></lb>τριεῖν δυνησόμενα. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἀεί τὰς δύο πλευρὰς τῆν λοιπῆς μείζονας εὑρίσκοντες, ὡστε ἀπ' ἀμφοῖν ἴσην<lb></lb> ἀφαιρεῖν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ δὶα τῶν σημείων τῇ βάσει παράλληλον ἄγειν</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt. </s> <s>“Si verò etiam trianguli duo latera <lb></lb>ſunt reliquo maiora; ſi in æquicrure rectangulo, in quo baſis vtroque latere ſeorſum maior eſt, ab <lb></lb>ambobus æquali portione ablata per puncta notata parallelam baſi ducamus; triangulum minus <lb></lb>efficiemus toti ſimile, tum rectangulum, tum ęquicrus, & hoc perpetuò facere valebimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſtabimus triangulum perpetuò minus facientes; cùm ſemper duo latera tertio maiora inueniamus; <lb></lb>ita vt ab ambobus auferamus æqualem, & per puncta notata parallelam baſi ducamus.” Ergo con<lb></lb>tinuum diuiditur in infinitum, nec ex indiuiduis <expan abbr="cõponi">componi</expan> poteſt. </s> <s>At cùm id mathematicè <expan abbr="cõcluſum">concluſum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, & neceſſariò ponendum, pręſtat'ne hanc partitionem ipſa natura? </s> <s>videtur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic facere debere: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3944"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nam cùm ſit eiuſmodi, vt diuidi poſsit; fuſtra ſit ea facultas; niſi <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> deducatur ad actum: <lb></lb>ſi verò deducatur; aliqua erit magnitudo tam parua, vt in ea forma cuius certos terminos eſſe opor<lb></lb>tet; <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> ſe tueri valeat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> materia ſine forma extabit: perſequamur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diuiſionem vſque ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan>, quo terra conſiſtit; illo ſanè nil minus eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cùm minima <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> corporum ter<lb></lb>ræ conueniat: hoc adhuc diuidetur, aut non; ſi neges: ergò Ariſtotelis placitum corruet, ſi dederis, <lb></lb>ergo nulla in ipſo forma exiſtet. </s> <s>Rurſus, quod eſt <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan> diuiſioni; interitui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubiacere cre<lb></lb>ditur: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei determinata ſit ratio magnitudinis, ex diuiſione efficitur, vt adeò minima <lb></lb>quantitas eſſe queat, vt in ea forma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conſiſtat: quòd ſi cęlum concluditur à Philoſopho eſſe per<lb></lb>petuum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> <expan abbr="diuidet̃">diuidetur</expan>. </s> <s>Audiſti <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> varias philoſophorum de cęli diuiſione <expan abbr="ſnĩas">ſententias</expan>. </s> <s>So<lb></lb>lus Philoponus, teſte Simplicio, profeſſus eſt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> corpora <expan abbr="cõſimili">conſimili</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diuidi poſſe, quae exiſtimaret <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtrũq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="corp9">corpus</expan> <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> eſſe naturę & <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> pariter <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> faceret. </s> <s>Cęterùm Philoponi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="dimittẽda">dimittenda</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> qui dubitat <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> Lycęo <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> corpus eſſe <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan>, negare <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſsit intra <expan abbr="oleã">oleam</expan> os eſſe, & extra <expan abbr="nucẽ">nucem</expan> <lb></lb>putamen. </s> <s>Attamen quemadmodum cęlum non eſt vniuocè <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> cum caducis; ita <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illi pro<lb></lb>prietates eiuſdem <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> quadrare poterunt; verùm quae habet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> aliquam cum hiſce no<lb></lb>ſtratibus, negari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin & ipſi quædam ratio diuiſionis attribuenda ſit; ea mox explicanda. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3945"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nam ſi aduertas ea quæ de continui diuiſione conſtituit <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> Philoſophus, & naturæ proceſ<lb></lb>ſum ſpectaueris; nulla tam grauis cauſſa poterit occurrere, quæ te diſſuadeat, quominus credas <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <lb></lb>partitionem in infinitum à natura <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> præſtari, & illa ſeiungi, in quibus eſt eiuſmodi poteſtas: <lb></lb>etenim duę conditiones in ea ſeparatione requiruntur, vt ſcilicet, perpetuò fiat in partes ex propor<lb></lb>tione minores, veluti dimidias, quartas, octauas; cùm cęteroqui diuiſio quæ fit in partes æquales, <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ad finem perueniat; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> plures ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tres tertiæ, quattuor quartæ: tum deinde, vt fiat <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> ſignum; non ſecundùm <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſimul, vt ſi in hoc ſecta fuerit magnitudo, non ſit eo <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ſecta in aliis; veruntamen, vt nil vetuerit, quo minus in alio ſecta eſſe potuerit, & dum in ali<lb></lb>quo ex illis ſecta eſt, alia manent indiſtincta, nihilominus <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> retinentia poteſtatem. </s> <s>Ex quo ef<lb></lb>ficitur, vt ea poteſtas in continuo ſit imperfecta, & ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan> dirigatur, qui eſt in fieri, non <lb></lb>in facto eſſe; in diuidendo non ineſſe diuiſum. </s> <s>Sed ſi quando <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> quoddam obiectum ſit; ta<lb></lb>metſi forma quæ inerat, deperit; at materiæ priuilegio non denegatur ei diuiſio, & quidem, vt Sim<lb></lb>plicius ait, manente <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> æternitate, nullum erit punctum in quo diuiſio non fuerit, aut futura non <lb></lb>ſit: infiniti <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt earum ortus, qui certos magnitudinis terminos ſibi vendicantes, hanc partem <lb></lb>ab illa, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rurſus ab alia ſeiungant, & <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> forma tollatur; non remanent idcirco ſine forma; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3946"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed aliam accipiunt, vel per ſe, ſi ſuſtinere <expan abbr="queãt">queant</expan>, vel ſi minus, è veſtigio ſeſe adiungunt ad <expan abbr="continẽs">continens</expan>, <lb></lb>& eius forma potitur. </s> <s>Num'ne remanent indiuiduę? </s> <s>nequaquam: ſed cùm per ſe exiſtere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſent, vbi ſeparatæ erant, in eo toto ad quod ipſę ſeſe applicarunt; adhuc <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> accipient. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>te latêre puto in minimis id quod per ſe ipſum non eſt, huiuſmodi in toto fieri, vtputa ſignum per <lb></lb>ipſum viſile non eſt, aut alia quędam minima particula; tamen in toto efficitur viſilis <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic cùm per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3947"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe partitionem fugiat, <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> obtinuit in alio. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> vetat, quin eo modo quem diximus, per <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>alia ſigna diuidi valeat parte altera in toto ad quod acceſsit remanente; altera ſecreta, vel cum alia <lb></lb>parte totius; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>conſeruari poſsit, vel per ſe, vel vbi conſeruari nequeat; cedente in ambiens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic ergo diuiſio fit à natura in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſigno; nec ſupereſt materia ſine forma, quod alioqui vereri <lb></lb>potuiſſes. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de diuiſione corporis cęleſtis; alio loco res hæc ad veritatem ſatis ex<lb></lb>poſita eſt, vt inde peti queat huius explicatio dubitationis; non grauabor tamen in re difficili, non<lb></lb>nulla quaſi delibare, vnde veritas illuſtrari valeat. </s> <s>Auſpicemur propoſitum ab iis quæ ſunt euiden<lb></lb>tiſsima nobis. </s> <s>In iis quæ mortalia ſunt, iam perſpectum eſt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſectio præſtetur, ſeu ſal<lb></lb>ua, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> labefactata forma: nunc <expan abbr="memẽto">memento</expan> caduca eſſe vel vniformia, vel difformia, & organica. <pb pagenum="672"></pb>Quanuis igitur eadem poſsit eſſe ratio continuitatis & diuiſionis in vtroque genere corporum; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3948"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>atqui natura <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliam continui rationem, atque diuiſionis ex motu molita eſt ea continua faciens <lb></lb>quibus <expan abbr="vnicũ">vnicum</expan> motum aſsignauit totius & partium: illa non continua <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> motus idem non eſt in <lb></lb>toto & partibus. </s> <s>En tibi corpus inanimum: eodem motu partes agitantur & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, neque vllus eſt <lb></lb>partium motus, quin ex eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> totum moueatur. </s> <s>Specta animal, in eo potes obſeruare non eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eundem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> totius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> partium: mouetur manus; totum & reliquę partes manent; certo <lb></lb>quodam motu manus concitatur; alio motu pedes aguntur, & crura. </s> <s>proinde in his ſolis pars per <lb></lb>ſe moueri poteſt, cùm in cęteris, aut cum toto, aut ad eius <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſolummodò cieri valeat. </s> <s>Cauſſa eſt, <lb></lb>quòd inanima ſunt continua ſimpliciter; hæc in continuitate retinent diſcontinuationem, & ſunt <lb></lb>adnata & adnexa potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> congenita & coëxtenta (liceat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mihi nunc rem voce magis apta, quàm <lb></lb>polita exprimere) quaſi non extent & pullulent ex vna radice materiæ. </s> <s>Vides ergo <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>natura diuidat continua, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubiecto & loco diſcludit, vel officio <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> virtute. </s> <s>Proptereà cùm <lb></lb>cęli partes eodem motu non moueantur illis tardius agitatis quæ circulos minores deſcribunt; <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſic cęlum ex officio diuiduum ponere licebit, & illi diuiſionem ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> tribuere quæ propria ſit cor<lb></lb>poris organici, in quo genere etiam reponitur cęlum, ſi non <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>, ſaltem figuræ beneficio: qua<lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motus eius in primis pertinet ad partes, cùm in cęteris corporibus inanimis extra ſuas <lb></lb>vniuerſitates alioqui pertineat prius ad totum. </s> <s>At verò cùm <expan abbr="organorũ">organorum</expan> certa ſit figura; quamobrem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3949"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& certi termini; vel non videatur ex hoc continuum huius generis in infinitum diuidi, ſed in cer<lb></lb>tis illis terminis, quibus organorum figura coërcetur; vel etiam quòd in cęlo non ſit propter vim <lb></lb>figuræ rotundę pars vlla quæ natura diſtinguatur; <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> ſumma continuatio, diuiſio nulla. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumeninuerò quòd certa ſit figura, & termini, quibus ipſa concluditur; eſt <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in noſtratibus, <lb></lb>ſed his materiæ priuilegio diuiſio, quæ deducatur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, conuenit in quoque ſigno. </s> <s>In cęlo termi<lb></lb>ni ſunt <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> natura diſtincti, cùm ſit ibi pars <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> prima, quemadmodum nos docuit Ariſt. 2. de <lb></lb>Cęlo, & nos poſthàc illo auctore copioſius explicabimus, ſint & partes quæ tempore eodem plus, <lb></lb>minuſúe ſpatij ſenſiliter conficiunt, veluti climata, & ſigna apud aſtronomos; veruntamen ea di<lb></lb>ſtinctio non ſanè reſpicit <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ſed virtutem, & officium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> initia motus, vnde item diſcontinuatio <lb></lb>petitur in natura. </s> <s>quod ad <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> ſpectat, in ſingulis orbibus continuatio mira. </s> <s>Quocirca <lb></lb>principium motus ineſt in vnoquoque puncto, cùm venerit ad ortum, vbi <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> vetuſtas veneranda <lb></lb>collocauit, vt quanuis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> 6. Phyſ. partes in eo quod in orbem mouetur; deſignationi ſubiiciantur, <lb></lb>quatenus verſamur in phyſicis; ab his muneribus non videantur eſſe ſeparandæ; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nihilo<lb></lb>minus ea deſignatio cum rerum natura <expan abbr="cõſentit">conſentit</expan>; ex quolibet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> puncto motus initium, <expan abbr="velocitatiſq́">velocitatiſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>diſcrimen exiſtet. </s> <s>Ergo & diuiſio ex officio, ac virtute ſpectat <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> punctum in cęlo, ſicut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3950"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diuiſio quanti quę reipſa miniſtratur in caducis. </s> <s>Igitur ex natura, non ex deſignatione & ex officio, <lb></lb>non loci diſtinctione in quolibet ſigno tamen, & per ſucceſsionem obitur in corpore cęleſti diui<lb></lb>ſio: quamobrem generatim complectitur omnia corpora.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3939"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3940"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3941"></margin.target>a c. </s> <s>tt. 31. <lb></lb>32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3942"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3943"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3944"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3945"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3946"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3947"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3948"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3949"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3950"></margin.target>G</s></p> <figure id="fig10"></figure> <figure id="fig11"></figure> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Notantur eorum fallaciæ qui contra Ariſtotelis ſententiam de infinitate decreuerint. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX his apparet quemadmodum quantum, diuiduum, & infinitum <expan abbr="cõueniant">conueniant</expan> analogicè corpori <lb></lb>cęleſti, & iis quæ continentur à cęlo. </s> <s>In noſtratibus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> variabiles termini ſunt & tales, vt ad <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodentur">accommodentur</expan>, in cęlo pleriq ſemper actu exiſtant: hîc diuiſio, ſiquando procedat vlterius, <lb></lb>tollat formam; ibi cum eius ſalute conſiſtat: in his diuiſio deducatur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> partibus ſubiecto ſe<lb></lb>paratis; ibi virtute & officio diſtinctis. </s> <s>Neque enim officia, quicquid dicat Simplicius, loci ſepara<lb></lb>tionem flagitant, quae corpus eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diuiditur in terminos quibus conueniat locus: actu <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eos <lb></lb>eſſe oportet, quod attinet ad <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> corporis; cùm huic terminorum generi locus aptetur, & videtur <lb></lb>ea diuiſio contenta eſſe ſola differentia poſituræ cuius beneficio partes, quanuis in corpore <expan abbr="conſer-uent̃">conſer<lb></lb>uentur</expan>, & <expan abbr="exiſtãt">exiſtant</expan> poteſtate, anteriores & poſteriores eſſe cognoſcimus, ſuperiores & inferiores, dextras <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3951"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ac ſiniſtras, & illis impropriè terminos attribuimus qui notant locum; veluti cum dicimus hîc eſſe <lb></lb>caput, ibi thoracem, tametſi toti propriè conueniunt. </s> <s>Conſtat etiam quæ fallacia vexarit antiquos, <lb></lb>dum <expan abbr="ſectionẽ">ſectionem</expan> in infinitum detrectant, & aliò diuertunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> veritas ipſa patiatur. </s> <s>Etenim poteſtatem <lb></lb>in natura ſemper actu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> perfecto definiri voluerunt, quod tamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſarium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per<lb></lb>petuò verum eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eos fefellit ambiguum. </s> <s>Quis actus ille ſit, & quotuplex, & quæ poteſtas, <lb></lb>antè oſtendimus, dum exponeretur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> poteſtas <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ad actum dirigatur. </s> <s>Deluſit eos item <lb></lb>figura dictionis, dum quod ſingulis collectim, & indefinitè, <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> & ſingulis diſtributim conuenire <lb></lb>putant, & quod categorematicè verum eſt, accipiunt, ac ſi verum ſit ſyncategorematicè, quæ <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> vi<lb></lb>tia tanquam ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> fontem, ad <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> dictionis <expan abbr="referũtur">referuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Ex quibus liquidò conſtat, vt in continuò <lb></lb>poteſtas ad <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> falsò logica reputetur, quę poſita eſt in non repugnantia terminorum, cùm ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> naturalis. </s> <s>Idcirco ſumma conſtantia defendemus <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> in infinita continua ſecari, & vt in <lb></lb>continua reſoluitur; ita <expan abbr="cõponi">componi</expan> ex illis. </s> <s>& quemadmodum per infinita ſigna ſecatur; quando fiunt <lb></lb>actu, ſic per illa partes iunguntur, quæ ſunt in potentia, infinita quidem, ſed potentia planè cùm ita <lb></lb>ſint, facilè pertranſiri poſſunt, ſi actu forent, ſigula permetiri oporteret; haud liceret tamen eo, quòd <pb pagenum="673"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3952"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> actu pertranſiri nequeat. </s> <s>In eo Zeno decipiebatur; & exiſtimabat, ſi motus aut ſpatium <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecarent̃">ſecarentur</expan> in infinitum, effici, vt in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> finito <expan abbr="trãſiret̃">tranſiretur</expan> infinitum. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> difficultatem reſpondebat <lb></lb>Ariſt. 6. Phyſ. <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iterauit ſolutionem lib. de lineis inſectil. </s> <s>neutiquàm tamen ſatisfit ex iis <lb></lb>dictis dubitationi Zenonis, vt ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Philoſophus nos admonuit 8. Phyſ. ſiquidem ſtatuatur <lb></lb>finitum & infinitum ab illis bifariam, vel ad extrema, vel ad parteis: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> habetur incongruum, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan> ſit ad extrema, parteis infinitas continere. </s> <s>Cùm igitur <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſpectari poſsit in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>& ſtadio; quando <expan abbr="tẽpori">tempori</expan> terminus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, vtputa, vnius horę pręſcribitur, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ambo, quae <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan> <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> ſecari queunt: <expan abbr="cõmutat">commutat</expan> ipſe proportionem accipiens <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> finitum ad extrema, & ſpa<lb></lb>tium propter parteis <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>: ſed <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> planè modo <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> ad extrema finitum eſt, vt <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, & <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <lb></lb>habet parteis infinitas, vt ſtadium: proptereà ſicuti pertranſitur <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, quia finitum ad extrema, <lb></lb>ſic pertranſiri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ſtadium cuius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> extrema ſunt finita. </s> <s>ac ſi <expan abbr="ſtadiũ">ſtadium</expan> pertranſiri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quae partes <lb></lb>habeat infinitas; ita <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pertanſibitur <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, cùm ex infinitis partib. exiſtat. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſatis ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> & <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>. </s> <s>vt rationis fallacia <expan abbr="ſignificet̃">ſignificetur</expan>, & mala ſuſpicio <expan abbr="pellat̃">pellatur</expan> ex <expan abbr="aĩo">animo</expan>, ſed non ſatis ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan>: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa <expan abbr="explicat̃">explicatur</expan>, cur infinitum <expan abbr="pertrãſiri">pertranſiri</expan> valeat: ea verò eſt cauſſa, quae ſit <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> poteſtate <lb></lb>duntaxat: id pertranſiri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quod eſt actu; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſingulas parteis numerare oporteret: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>di<lb></lb>uerſis <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> punctis. </s> <s>ſi igitur infinitæ forent, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> abſolui poſſent, quae ſemper nouæ ſuccederent. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>velut <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> numerando aſſequi infinitum. </s> <s>multò minus ipſa natura, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus, quo mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3953"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus animæ ſunt velociores, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus naturæ. </s> <s>Maneat igitur hoc nobis continuum poſſe diuidi in <lb></lb><expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, & ſi fuerit permanens, non ſucceſsiuum, excreſcere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="poſſet̃">poſſetur</expan> infinitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> hoc lo<lb></lb>co poſsis inſiſtere, quia neceſſariò magnitudo, ſicut in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <expan abbr="minuit̃">minuitur</expan>, in infinitum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> augeri <lb></lb>poſſe videatur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quantum de vna ſubtrahitur, <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> alteri concedi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Infinita ſunt quę <lb></lb>ſubtrahuntur: ergo & infinita accedere valebunt: ex acceſsione <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> partium <expan abbr="infinitarũ">infinitarum</expan> <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb></lb>exiſtat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> AEgydius <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> confeſſus eſt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> augeri poſſe in infinitum: ſi minus <lb></lb>naturale, at mathematicum: cęterùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> obſeruaſſe <expan abbr="Philoſophũ">Philoſophum</expan> qui ſtatuit <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="quã-titatẽ">quan<lb></lb>titatem</expan> naturalem & <expan abbr="mathematicã">mathematicam</expan>, & in hanc degenerare <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, ſiquando à materia ſenſili ſe<lb></lb>paretur. </s> <s>Prætereà liquidò negabat Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="mathematicũ">mathematicum</expan> accipere <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> infinitum, & docebat infi<lb></lb>nitum ita <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> nihil conducere mathematico, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> explicabat <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> propoſitionem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Continuũ">Continuum</expan> <lb></lb>creſcere in infinitum, quia quantunlibet, quod eſt potius interminatum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> immenſæ magnitudi<lb></lb>nis, quae ingenium figurarum exploret, & illi maius, aut minus ſufficiat, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> curet ſit'ne linea <lb></lb>quadrati digiti vnius, an palmi, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>conficiat ex linea pedis vnius, accentum. </s> <s>Sit <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> auctio <lb></lb>quantitatis in infinitum opus ipſius animæ; at non idcirco eſt opus <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan> mathematicę. </s> <s>Tametſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in munere mentis illud <expan abbr="obſeruat̃">obſeruatur</expan> infinitum actu non poſſe ab ea <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan>, ſed id ſemper <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3954"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod cadit in <expan abbr="cogitationẽ">cogitationem</expan>, eſſe finitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> talis euenti in <expan abbr="prõptu">promptu</expan> eſt, quae id quod cadit in <expan abbr="cognitio-nẽ">cognitio<lb></lb>nem</expan>, per actum cadat neceſſe eſt; atqui vbi actus, ibi terminus. </s> <s>Sed ad propoſitam <expan abbr="dubitationẽ">dubitationem</expan> lego <lb></lb>ſic ab optimis philoſophis reſponderi: ſicut in diuidendo non <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ratio partium conficit conti<lb></lb>nuum, ſed <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> tantùm quæ ſunt certæ magnitudinis; vbi verò minores fuerint partes, & ex pro<lb></lb>portione minuantur, tametſi infinitæ ſunt, nihilominus aliquid etiam reſtat de finito: ſic ex ac<lb></lb>ceſsione partium proportionalium non augeri in infinitum magnitudinem: verùm ſi partes quæ <lb></lb>adiiciuntur, ſint certę <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> magnitudinis. </s> <s>Attamen ita arbitror; cùm acceſsio fiat alicuius ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis actu, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi minima ſit magnitudo; eam fieri tanto maiorem: erit fortè inſenſilis am<lb></lb>plificatio; nihilominus erit, ac puncta <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quia ſunt indiuidua, maius <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> efficiunt, quantum <lb></lb>neceſſariò facit quantum, etſi plura ſint quæ accedunt, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> minima, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> maius efficient, & <lb></lb>in maiore <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> differentia percipi poterit. </s> <s>quare, ſi infinitæ partes accedant, non puto vitari poſſe <lb></lb>infinitum. </s> <s>fateor equidem proportionem auctionis iri deminutum, quod partes accedant tanto <lb></lb>minores, ſed quin augeatur quantitas alterius, vel etiam minimæ quantitatis adiectione, <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb>inducat vt credam. </s> <s>Sed video planè, vnde error illorum naſcatur; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſatis attendunt pro<lb></lb>ceſſum <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> Ariſtotelicę, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> accipiunt in <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan> diuiſionem, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> natura <expan abbr="quãtitatis">quantitatis</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3955"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admittit: ſiquidem in primis Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> corpus <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> terminis claudi docuerit, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>poſito in<lb></lb>finitum vel in ſucceſsiuis, vel in permanentibus ſecundùm parteis, & ſecundùm ſectionem collo<lb></lb>cauerit. </s> <s>hoc poſito, quanuis in infinitum ſectio fiat; attamen non amplius addi poteſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod <lb></lb>ex eo deſumitur, quod ſecabatur: id autem erat <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> finitum. </s> <s>Prætereà dum conſtituunt <expan abbr="diui-ſionẽ">diui<lb></lb>ſionem</expan>, volunt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> fieri in parteis quæ ſeparatæ ſubſiſtant, & quod ſibi ſumunt ad <expan abbr="diuidendũ">diuidendum</expan>, per ſe <lb></lb>exiſtere putant. </s> <s>Fortè etiam <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe ſuſpicantur multiplicare, atque addere, cùm tamen differant <lb></lb>admodùm & de multiplicatione planè verum eſt, quae <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> auget: verùm vbi integra ſint quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="multiplicant̃">multiplicantur</expan>, vbi autem partium <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõſecuta">conſecuta</expan> fuerint, vt tertiæ, vel quartæ, per <expan abbr="multiplicatio-nẽ">multiplicatio<lb></lb>nem</expan> quantitas imminuitur; nam tertię in quartas multiplicatę efficiunt duodecimas: additio ſem<lb></lb>per facit maius, vt vna quarta, & vna tertia faciunt ſeptem duodecimas. </s> <s>Fac modo tu, vti <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, ita obiri diuiſionem, vt ſucceſsiuè & per ſingula, <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> per hoc, per aliud fiat aliàs, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> interim, <lb></lb>quod aliquando <expan abbr="ſectũ">ſectum</expan> eſt, cum alio coniungi; necnon ſubiici ſectioni vel per ſe, vel in alio: & <expan abbr="de-niq.">de<lb></lb>nique</expan> vt ſectio partium <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſit actu infinita, nullo modo efficietur actu infinitum, quae actu <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb></lb>ex partibus vel infinitæ magnitudinis, vel ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> actu infinitis exiſtere oporteat; illę <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> ex <pb pagenum="674"></pb>diuiſione <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt infinitæ ad numerum, niſi poteſtate & actu ſunt finitę. </s> <s>ſume additionem, vt fe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3956"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cit Ariſt. </s> <s>Cùm res ita ſe habeat, apparet vt diuiſio quę fit in parteis aſsiduè minoreis, nunquàm <lb></lb>conſumat continuum, ſed additio conſumat: quandò id ex additione efficiatur quod erat anteà <lb></lb>finitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hęc de natura quantitatis breuibus perſtringere libuit eo ſanè conſilio quod per<lb></lb>petuò profitemur, vt veritas, quoad fieri poteſt, defendatur, & placitorum conſtantia <expan abbr="cõſeruetur">conſeruetur</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3951"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3952"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3953"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3954"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3955"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3956"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De terminis rerum natura constantium. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO ſit ea diuiſio quam <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> tractauimus, ipſius materiæ. </s> <s>Certè <lb></lb>formæ termini magnitudinis <expan abbr="paruitatisq́">paruitatisque</expan>. </s> <s>debentur, & <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> mortalibus auctio data eſt pro<lb></lb>priè quidem viuentibus, <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> inanimatis, vt <expan abbr="idoneã">idoneam</expan> <expan abbr="quãtitatem">quantitatem</expan> conſequi poſsint, quæ <lb></lb>tamen in infinitum non excreſcat, <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>naturæ terminum in hoc officio poſuit <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> ſapiens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtanter">conſtanter</expan> aſſeueratum, à Philoſophis tamen acutiſsimis in dubium reuocatum <lb></lb>eſt, vt tum de veritate propoſitionis, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de ratione & formula qua certa hæc <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> ſumenda <lb></lb>ſit, parum certi ſuccurrat, & quod multis aliis in reb. euenire ſolet, multò facilius poſsit quod alij <lb></lb>dicunt refelli, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quod probabile ſit, confirmari: quapropter inſtituimus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pro loco <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> plu<lb></lb>ribus ediſſerere. </s> <s>Cùm verò <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> rerum termini analogicè <expan abbr="ſumant̃">ſumantur</expan>, ac primùm ipſius <expan abbr="quãti">quanti</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3957"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per ſe, quod reuera corpus eſt, deinde quantorum per accidens, vt <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> & qualitatis, cum ter<lb></lb>tiæ ſpeciei, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="virtutũ">virtutum</expan>, ſeu poteſtatum, quos terminos <expan abbr="graduũ">graduum</expan> <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> explicare Latini conſue<lb></lb>uerunt, quia <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> in natura eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> generis formę, <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> ſcilicet, & acci<lb></lb>dentis, & de his terminis <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> à nobis eſt, dum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quantitatis exquireretur: idcirco diſſeremus, <lb></lb>vtrùm termini ſint <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturalium quæ ſunt <expan abbr="quãtæ">quantæ</expan> per accidens, vt <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> potentiarum, nec'ne: ac de ſubſtantiis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vtrùm ſingulæ <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> ſpecies <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="ma-gnitudinẽ">ma<lb></lb>gnitudinem</expan> poſtulent quæ ſiue creſcant, ſiue <expan abbr="minuant̃">minuantur</expan>, in ipſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> amplius ſe tueri poſsint, an'non. <lb></lb></s> <s>De qualitate <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vtrùm ſit maximus calor, quo maior dari non poſsit, & minimus, vt eo mi<lb></lb>nor in natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conſiſtat. </s> <s>De virtutibus item, vtrùm ſit aliqua virtus infinita, nec'ne. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>verò de <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> terminis excitantur dubitationes à Latinis, potiſsimè verò de terminis <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan>; <lb></lb>nos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæſtionem generalem <expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan>, ſed præcipuè <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> terminos exponemus, niſi for<lb></lb>tè <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſigillatim de quali <expan abbr="tractãda">tractanda</expan> ſint, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad eum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> dimittenda, quo vtrùm Dei vis in<lb></lb>finita ſit, an non, quærendum à nobis eſt. </s> <s>Ex ordiemur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à terminis ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Hos è natura <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> eliminare <expan abbr="conãtur">conantur</expan> hiſce rationibus. </s> <s>Primùm quia non detur maxima magnitudo in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> <lb></lb>ſpecie: ſiquidem maximus ignis reperiri nequit, cùm oblato <expan abbr="cõbuſtibili">combuſtibili</expan> in infinitum excreſcat. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3958"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Deinde argumentantur ex his quæ tum 6. tum etiam 8. Phyſ. ab Ariſt. </s> <s>longo progreſſu conclu<lb></lb>ſa ſunt: nam decretum eſt in ſucceſsiuis nihil eſſe primum, ſed extremum: quia non poſſumus <lb></lb>indicare <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>licèt <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> eius oſtendere, quod rei ipſius eſt forma: contrà <lb></lb>in permanentibus cùm primùm genita fuerint, aſsignari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> primùm eſſe; cùm intereunt, <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe non agnoſcitur, ſed vltimum non eſſe duntaxat. </s> <s>At ſi ponamus aliquod minimum, <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> <lb></lb>conſequetur quod alicui ex ſententiis hiſce refragetur: accipiatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> minimus ignis, eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> di<lb></lb>midium (id quod fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>) efficiatur aqua: aut igitur reliqua pars manet, aut priore ſecreta cor<lb></lb>rumpitur. </s> <s>ſi eam manere dixeris: ergo dabitur minus minimo. </s> <s>quòd ſi illam interire fatearis; <lb></lb>certè ſine vlla affectione præuia corrumpetur: ita ad corruptionem non erit quidem <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non <lb></lb>eſſe, ſed vltimum eſſe, quod fieri nequit, quia nunc eſt, in proximo puncto <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit. </s> <s>Adiiciamus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>auctoritatem philoſophi, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui mentionem faciens de elementis aſſerit ea diuidi in infinitum: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3959"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quaſi neget in minimis <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> partibus ſiſti poſſe diuiſionem. </s> <s>Attamen naturali philoſopho certi <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> formę naturalis termini ponendi ſunt, intra quos illius quantitas <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan> quos tamen ita <lb></lb>certos, corpore cęleſti excepto, datos <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe perhibemus, vt idem <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> ſit <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan>, & <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan>, <lb></lb>aut hoc minimum <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> illud, ſed intra imum & <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> <expan abbr="quãdoq.">quandoque</expan> variari, vt, dum fit animal, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3960"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id primum quod in vtero viuit, minimum eſt; maximum verò quo promouet natura, per <expan abbr="incre-mentũ">incre<lb></lb>mentum</expan> <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>: hi tamen termini non iidem ſunt mei & tui, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad imum <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad ſummum, <lb></lb>eiuſmodi tamen, vt illi primo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exęquentur quod viuit in ortu formicę, aut illi <expan abbr="sũmo">summo</expan>, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> <lb></lb>formica excreſcit. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> hoc ſolius ſenſus auxilio noteſcit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="demõſtrari">demonſtrari</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quia princi<lb></lb>pium ſit in methodo naturali, ſimilib. <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> perſuadebitur. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eo quae ita ſe habet <lb></lb>ars ad <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, velut exemplum ad exemplar: quare id quod reperitur in arte, probabile quoque <lb></lb>eſt in natura, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>prius, <expan abbr="perfectiusq́">perfectiusque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtingere">contingere</expan>: atqui artis <expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan> magnitudinis definitę <lb></lb>ſunt: ſic erunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> certæ quantitatis inſtrumenta naturæ. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vtilis omnino fuerit ſerra di<lb></lb>giti vnius fabro lignario, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ſi fuerit vnius ſtadij; nec malleus vnius vncię poterit <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> prę <lb></lb>leuitate cudere; nec mille pondo prę nimio pondere ab artifice tolli poterit: ſic cubitalis manus <lb></lb>oneri virib. noſtris erit futura, ſemidigitalis verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> capiet, aut ſuſtinebit <expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan>, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> <lb></lb>tutemur. </s> <s>Sic ergo <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> rei naturali certa menſura <expan abbr="tribuẽda">tribuenda</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de terminis ciuitatis <lb></lb>diſſerens teſtabatur Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> vſus <expan abbr="nõmodò">nommodò</expan> in toto <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſeparatus, ſed etiam pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3961"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>miſcuus, vt ſi atrium ſapientiæ quod eſt noſtrum gymnaſium, diuidatur, & <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan>, vbi <pb pagenum="675"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3962"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſiſtat, bini pedes aſsignentur; tamen promiſcuè toto, quàm propriè parua frui parte mallemus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod ſi æſtuent hîc dubitatione nonnulli, & ſe in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem mente verſent, & partim manus <lb></lb>dent his perſuaſionib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> admonitionibus (<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quæ ita manifeſta ſunt, explanari tantummo<lb></lb>dò ſolent ea formula diſciplinæ quam Græci <foreign lang="grc">παραμυθὶαν</foreign> vocant, quia nulla propoſitio certior oc<lb></lb>currit qua confirmari poſsint) partim à rationib. oppoſitis in alteram ſententiam retrahantur. </s> <s>vnde <lb></lb>hac adhibita diſtinctione partes aduerſas problematis huiuſce concilient; nimirùm, rerum natura<lb></lb>lium quaſdam ſimplices eſſe, nonnullas compoſitas, & ex his aliquàs animatas, cæteras inanimas, ac <lb></lb>putent id verè aſſeueratum fuiſſe de compoſitis, non autem de ſimplicibus quæ ſunt elementa ipſa, <lb></lb>audiant Ariſtotelem contra Anaxagoram ſic diſputatem: ſi tota finita fuerint, partes <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> finitas <lb></lb>fore neceſſe eſſe. </s> <s>ſi minus: ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tota futura. </s> <s>& 1. Meteor. </s> <s>accuſantem priſcos philoſophos, quae <lb></lb>cęlum igneum eſſe voluiſſent, & oſtendentem quanuis aër ad cęlum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> tollatur eum non eſſe ta<lb></lb>men vniuſmodi, ne conficeret alia elementa. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> opus eſt tergiuerſari dicendo, Ariſtotelem partes <lb></lb>illas accepiſſe quæ iam in compoſito ſubſiſterent: has <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe finitas: extra compoſitum verò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in<lb></lb>finitas eſſe nil impedire: quandò fruſtra eſſent illæ partes extra compoſitum; quæ prorſus officio ca<lb></lb>rerent: quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> docuit extra totum ambiguè partes eſſe. </s> <s>In <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> autem genere partium op<lb></lb>timè à natura factitatum eſt, eo quae <expan abbr="vtręq.">vtręque</expan> pollent formis, quarum munus eſt terminare, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> finite: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3963"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quamobrem quærens Ariſtoteles, cur animalia multipara non vnum potius animal, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud ma<lb></lb>ius producant, id quantitati quæ <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> formæ debetur, adſcripſit. </s> <s>Idcirco concludamus oportet <expan abbr="cu-iuſq.">cu<lb></lb>iuſque</expan> rei naturalis certos eſſe terminos intra quos illius paruitas & magnitudo claudatur: eoſdem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> qualitatib. & cæteris accidentibus quadam proportione tribuimus, vt calor ad certam quan<lb></lb>titatem deducit ſubiectum, quæ ſiquando immutetur, etiam per accidens illi affert interitum, quae cre<lb></lb>ſcendo magis afficiatur à contrario, decreſcendo verò magis afficiatur è ſeipſo: illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> modo rarior <lb></lb>fit, <expan abbr="minusq́">minusque</expan>. </s> <s>reſiſtit: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> minus perſpirat, & magis ſuffocatur. </s> <s>Veruntamen Scotus animaduer<lb></lb>tiſſe perſpicitur, etiamſi tam ſimplicium, quàm <expan abbr="compoſitorũ">compoſitorum</expan> maximum <expan abbr="minimumq́">minimumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in ſim<lb></lb>plicib. qualia ſunt elementa, maximum, & minimum eſſe idem, propterea quae vbi exiſtit primum mi<lb></lb>nimum elementi cuiuſpiam, quicquid illi accedit, vnum cum illo non fit, ſed id totum, quod ex his <lb></lb>partib. conſtat, adhuc in eaſdem diſſolui poteſt quæ ſeorſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> permaneant: quaſi reuera <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>ex illis non confletur. </s> <s>Nos itidem fatemur vltra minimum, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ſuperueniet moles, eam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſe neceſſariam: quia certam figuram veluti viuentia non requirant. </s> <s>Atqui hoc pręmium eſt eorum, <lb></lb>quæ ſunt <foreign lang="grc">ὁμογενῆ</foreign> id eſt, vnius ſubſtantiæ, vt totum quod verè totum eſt, in partes per ſe ſubſiſtentes <lb></lb>diſſolui queat, & rurſus ex eiſdem conſiſtat: aliter ſi totum ex illis non fieret, plura eſſent ignis ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3964"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menta, non vnum, & quælibet pars ignis in loco poſſet eſſe per ſe, dum adhuc in ſua vniuerſitate <expan abbr="cõ-tinetur">con<lb></lb>tinetur</expan>, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>confutatum fuit: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſeiunctæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forent à toto, & à ſeſe viciſsim, nec ex illis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3965"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quoddam maius confici poſſet, pręſertim cum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæquę elementa figuram obtinuerint, vt de<lb></lb>monſtratum eſt 2. de Cęlo. </s> <s>qui verò dicit figuram ſignificat terminum, qui ſanè quando negatur par<lb></lb>tib. tribuitur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> toti de ſententia philoſophi, me mouet ad credendum vnum fieri è partibus, quod <lb></lb>quidem terminos ſuæ magnitudinis habet. </s> <s>proptereà libentiſsimè deſererem hunc <expan abbr="auctorẽ">auctorem</expan>. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quãq̃">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>nobis ea ratio probatur auctionem non neceſſariam eſſe in animo carentib. quoniam minimo conſi<lb></lb>ſtunt, dici fortaſſe poteſt non <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <expan abbr="amplificationẽ">amplificationem</expan>, vt edant opus perfectum, ſicut in <lb></lb>animatis: ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum aliis partibus iungi poſſe, in quibus omnibus vna ſit ratio totius, & terminus <lb></lb>vnus: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim ego id inficiari audeo, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> elementa ſint <expan abbr="cæterorũ">cæterorum</expan> partes, quæ modò maiora, aliàs <lb></lb>minora eſſe contingit; illa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> variis iungi modis oportere. </s> <s>Verùm quia remanet adhuc infinitas in <lb></lb>tali corpore, dum nunc maioris, aliàs minoris mixti pars exiſtit: nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illorum terminos indaga<lb></lb>mus; quanuis hæc verè dicta fuerint, illud <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> adiungere voluimus elementi duplicem eſſe <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>: <lb></lb>alteram qua reſpicit <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita miſtionis ergo ad <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> abſolutè deducitur: atq: alteram qua <lb></lb>corpus ſimplex eſt; & <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> in vniuerſo ſedem ſibi vendicat: ſic verò exiſtit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quod <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa mini<lb></lb>ma comprehendit, certos terminos <expan abbr="certamq́">certamque</expan>. </s> <s>figuram poſsidens, & quantitate ſic vtens; quia maior <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3966"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>virtus in <expan abbr="q̃to">quanto</expan> maiore, qua ſe melius tuetur, & validius oppugnat aduerſum. </s> <s>Ab his inanima reli<lb></lb>qua quæ mixta ſunt, non habentia formas <foreign lang="grc">εἰλικρινεῖς</foreign>, ideſt, euidentes, quemadmodum animantia; <lb></lb>quaſi per conſecutionem, & ex neceſsitate materiæ adepta ſunt eiuſdem modi conditiones; & ad <lb></lb>hoc eadem profectò ratio quadrat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad figuras, quas <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſibi tota præfiniant, nihilominus abſunt <lb></lb>à partibus. </s> <s>Inde etiam animo carentia certas figuras præter admodùm pauca non habent, vt iris, aut <lb></lb>genus lapidis, quod vulgus fulmen eſſe putat; eſt tamen gloſſopetra, & quædam ſpecies adamantis; <lb></lb>& ſi qua ſunt alia quæ me latent; omnia <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> conſecuta figuram, vtputo, beneficio mixtionis in qua <lb></lb>plurimum calidi pro illorum natura dominatur. </s> <s>vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fiunt in iis locis, vbi item metalla producun<lb></lb>tur; aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ignea ſunt, vt ex illis facilè ignis excudatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ignis progreſſus imitatur pyramidem: <lb></lb>quamobrem in mixtura <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> figuram conſimilem retinet. </s> <s>ſed hæc alterius loci, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> negotij. </s> <s>Ter<lb></lb>mini igitur diuerſi <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> <expan abbr="maximumq́">maximumque</expan>. </s> <s>ponantur. </s> <s>Non eſt verò prætereundum illud, geminam eſ<lb></lb>ſe poſſe cauſſam terminorum, tùm certam materiæ multitudinem, quam tribuimus animatis; tum <lb></lb>certam eius qualitatem, ob quam eadem materiæ moles modo maiores terminos, aliàs minores aſ<lb></lb>ſequitur, quod pertinet ad <expan abbr="rarefactionẽ">rarefactionem</expan>: ignis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> quanuis in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materiæ multitudine ſub <pb pagenum="676"></pb>ſiſtat, in qua <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> terræ; at maius ſpatium obſidet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra propter raritatem, quo fit, vt ſi vtraque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3967"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauſſa ſuperſtite, materiæ .ſ. </s> <s>multitudine, & certa qualitate termini varientur; vt paullò ante ſignifica<lb></lb>uimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Qũocunq.">Qunocunque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> interit id quod minimo minus eſt; in ambiens abire conſueuit, & fit eius pars, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eoſdemq.">eoſdemque</expan> terminos & ad maximum, & ad <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> conſequi ſolet, ac ſi quo pacto in hoc & in alia <lb></lb><expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> re naturali ponenda ſit infinitas; ea eſt uniuerſa dimittenda materiæ. </s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> poſitis <lb></lb>argumenta contraria facillimè tolluntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod obijciunt ignim <expan abbr="auctũ">auctum</expan> iri in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>; interpreta<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="quantũlibet">quantullibet</expan>, & in re propoſito id ſibi volebat Ariſtoteles ignim tranſiliturum certos limites, qui <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> animalium ſpeciei conueniunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> abſolutè protenſum iri, ita vt <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ſuperet <lb></lb>magnitudinem. </s> <s>Sed quid ego hæc itero, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alibi planè fuerint animaduerſa? </s> <s>Quod item opponitur <lb></lb>ſecundo loco <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> ſine affectione præuia <expan abbr="corruptũ">corruptum</expan> iri, negamus id prorſus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla ma<lb></lb>china ſuppetit ad illud <expan abbr="comprobandũ">comprobandum</expan> quod fuit <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan>, quo maximè inſiſtere video nonnullos. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim dicam ambiens in illud agere, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> perdit ipſum, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> interitum illi para<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>quae ſi ex ſe ipſo corrumpatur, veluti de igni dictum eſt, inopia nutrimenti; adeſt item affectio prę<lb></lb>uia ad eiuſmodi <expan abbr="corruptionẽ">corruptionem</expan>: quia non ſit hoc ſine auctione caloris in <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan>, quæ flagitat <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At dices per illud <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> manet ſaltem, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> corrumpitur: ergo infra <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Atqui <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> rectè ma<lb></lb>nere dixeris id quod tendit ad interitum? </s> <s>At per aliquod temporis interuallum verè de illo dicitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3968"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe ignim: fateor, ſed ſic affectus eſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: verùm nos de terminis agimus qui ſunt ex <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>natura, & quos ipſa natura conſectatur. </s> <s>Eodem prorſus modo ſoluimus illud vulgare <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sit homo <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> maximæ magnitudinis, vt illa maior in humana ſpecie dari non poſsit, & transfi<lb></lb>gatur à veſpa; aut non tumebit locus, aut maius maximo ponetur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> ſtatuimus ex natura, <lb></lb>quapropter augeri nequit ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; tumor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt præter naturam. </s> <s>Memini <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> me dicere <lb></lb>vitium in argumento ſubeſſe; quòd in hypotheſi repugnantia continetur. </s> <s>etenim ſi maximum ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, & omnib. modis ſtatuitur, cogitari non poteſt quae aliquid illi addatur, ſiquidem iam maxi<lb></lb>mum non erit, quod maximum eſſe dicebatur: perinde ac quod Stoici obiecerunt Ariſtoteli <expan abbr="opinã-ti">opinan<lb></lb>ti</expan> nihil eſſe extra mundum: ſiquis vltra <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> porrigeret, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquid extra foret, aut porrigere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſſet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> hypotheſis in hoc argumentandi genere, generatim non eſt admittenda. </s> <s>Verùm hæc <lb></lb>logicè magis, illa magis naturalia. </s> <s>Ariſtotelicus autem locus in bonam partem accipiendus eſt; nan<lb></lb>que vbi elementum in immenſum diuidi pronuntiatur, interpretari conuenit in longè minimas par<lb></lb>ticulas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt fugiant omnem ſenſum; quandò guttula vini plenum aquæ cyathum inficit, & <lb></lb>parum croci triti per multum aquæ diffunditur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3957"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3958"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3959"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſen. c. de co<lb></lb>Ior.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3960"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3961"></margin.target>b 7. Pol. c. <lb></lb>4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3962"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3963"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3964"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3965"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3966"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3967"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3968"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De cauſſis efficientibus quantitatem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3969"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3969"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS apparet, vnde quantitas originem ducat, vt ex poteſtate; vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola dimenſio<lb></lb>ne fundatur, ſicut in rarefactione, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> requirit actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> quod extrinſecùs accedat, velut <lb></lb>in auctione viuentium in qua ſola ratio quantitatis habetur, vt natura ſtudeat quantitati, cùm cæte<lb></lb>roquin in rarefactione; dum ipſa generat, aut alterat ad ſummum, magnitudinem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> producat, <lb></lb>ex quo ſequitur, vt poteſtas ad quantum, & ſi ſimpliciter eſt in eo quod augetur: at modò inſideat <lb></lb>actui ſubſtantiæ, quemadmodum ipſum vbi, & ea quæ in actibus ſecundis olim repoſuimus; vt <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>de forma, ſen potius formæ partib. inſit; tantundem adfit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de magnitudine: aliàs duplex <lb></lb>potentia requiratur; & in eo cui fit acceſsio, & in illo quod accedit, quando <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> fieri maius opor<lb></lb>teat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & viuens fit maius, cùm ex bicubito factum eſt tricubitum; & quod acceſsit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, maius fa<lb></lb>ctum eſt. </s> <s>erat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> antè cubiti vnius, idem pòſt accepit actum tricubiti; & ſuam magnitudinem exuit; <lb></lb>induit alienam: ſed cùm ex eius acceſsione maius factum ſit viuens, & tanto maius, quantum eſt id <lb></lb>quòd acceſsit, in illa auctione quæ ſequitur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quod efficit maius, eſt ſemper <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>; in hac quę <lb></lb>ex alterius acceſsione conſtat, efficiens eſt pars eius magnitudinis, quæ facta eſt. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ſit effi<lb></lb>ciens, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>pars: pars verò ad materiam referatur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit vt in hac mutatione efficiens vnà <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ma<arrow.to.target n="marg3970"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teria conueniat. </s> <s>idem in prima illa mutatione quæ ſine extrinſeco obitur, non eſt vniuocum, ſed dun<lb></lb>taxat virtus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectio: in hac quæ requirit extrinſecum, & vniuocum eſt, & non <expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan>, nec <lb></lb>vniuocum quidem, cùm faciat id quod ipſum actu non eſt: efficit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tricubitum, cùm eſſet cubiti <lb></lb>vnius, vniuocum verò, quia tanto maius reddidit illud ad quod acceſsit, quantum anteà fuerat: erat <lb></lb>enim cubiti vnius: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vno <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cubito magnitudo vetus eſt aucta. </s> <s>Proinde velut in ſubſtantiæ gene<lb></lb>ratione contingebat, vt ſubſtantia .ſ. </s> <s>ex ſubſtantia fieret, tùm quod pertinet ad efficiens, (etenim ho<lb></lb>mo fit ex homine) tùm item, quod ſpectat ad materiam: ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quantum fit ex quanto, vt efficiente, <lb></lb>& ex eodem, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex materia. </s> <s>Hæc quidem cum rerum natura congruunt, & ab Ariſtotele ipſo pro<lb></lb>ficiſcuntur: attamen aliquid controuerſiæ præſeferunt. </s> <s>ſiquidem teſtatus ſit Ariſt. </s> <s>inter generatio<lb></lb>nem, <expan abbr="cæterasq́">cæterasque</expan>. </s> <s>mutationes hoc intercedere diſcriminis, vt efficiens in ea ſit vniuocum: at id quod <lb></lb>quale; quantumúe facit, eſſe alterius ordinis: etenim homo hominem producit, at calor efficit ma<lb></lb>ius, & inficit corpus. </s> <s>Rurſus conſtanter negatum eſt à Peripateticis efficiens cum materia concur<lb></lb>rere. </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> concurrere poſsit, cùm efficiens actu determinetur, materia verò poteſtate, quæ tota <lb></lb>diametro diſtant? </s> <s>Necnon ſeorſum philoſophi negent vim efficiendi quantitati, aut ſi <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> illi con <pb pagenum="677"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3971"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cedant ea pertineat ad ſenſus immutandos. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſile quoddam <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan>? </s> <s>Prætereà declaratum fuit ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>efficiens cum forma conuenire, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione & numero differre, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit eadem eſſentia. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb>ptereà de auctoritate Auerrois periculum <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt ab eius aſſeclis, vbi pronuntiauit faciens partes <lb></lb>magnitudinis eſſe <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>. </s> <s>Quod ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> pertinet, illi qui Ariſt. </s> <s>neglecto <expan abbr="obſeruãt">obſeruant</expan> <expan abbr="Auerroẽ">Auerroem</expan>, <lb></lb>facilè ſe eriperent ex hac repugnantia: nam docens ipſe, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> id quod fit, ab vniuoco non <lb></lb>producatur, de qualitate <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> mentionem fecit, & teſtatus eſt id quod facit album, vel nigrum non eſ<lb></lb>ſe neceſſario ſimile, ſed de quantitate verbum nullum. </s> <s>Nam quod ait Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eodem modo produ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3972"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ci quale, ac <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, & è potentia quali fieri actu quale, ſicut è potentia quanto actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <expan abbr="mõſtrat">monſtrat</expan> <lb></lb>ſolùm ſimilitudinem ex parte eius quod fit, nihil attingit efficiens. </s> <s>Proptereà negare poſſent id eue<lb></lb>nire quod opponitur, in illud quod efficeret quantum. </s> <s>Opinabatur D. Thomas hoc attributum <lb></lb>complecti materiam, quod ea ſimpliciter eſt poteſtate, quanta non actu: proinde non fit quantum <lb></lb>à ſimili. </s> <s>ſed hoc præſefert repugnantiam multò maiorem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc eſt quod teſtatur Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan> crementi eſſe actu quantam. </s> <s>Nos etſi tetigimus ab initio libri præſentem difficultatem, & ea <lb></lb>poſuimus in medio quæ repugnantia conciliarent, hîc <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> aptiore loco rem à capite repetemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>meminiſſe oportet quantitatem gigni dupliciter, vel ex acceſsione materiæ, vel ex ſola ipſa <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan>: <lb></lb>necnon efficiens eſſe duplex, & quod <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſt, & quod eſt inſtrumentum, vel efficiens ſecundum: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3973"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ac tertiò materiam non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> eſſe gradus eiuſdem; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea quæ prorſus eſt potentia, altera quæ ad<lb></lb>hoc eſt in potentia tantùm & ſecunda ſolet dici, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>vel tranſiens, vel remanens. </s> <s>Cùm materiæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, quatenus eſt materia, ſit ab alio moueri, & <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> ab alio moueatur, nihilominus & <lb></lb>ipſum moueat, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> philoſopho licet ad duo cauſſarum capita referre inſtrumentum, & ad materiam <lb></lb>& ad efficiens: ad illam ſanè, quia poſitum eſt in eo quod eſt, ab alio moueri, ad hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia pręter <lb></lb>illud, quod mouetur ab alio, ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouet: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu quippiam nec potentia prorſus. </s> <s>Itaque <lb></lb>vbi materia ſeiungatur ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> & forma, ea eſt, quæ eſt poteſtate ſimpliciter, nil obtinens actus, <lb></lb>vbi aliquid actus habeat adiunctum, propter <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> (ab illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facultas agendi proficiſcitur) <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum ef<lb></lb>ficiente <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan> poteſt. </s> <s>Etenim lapis eſt materia parietis, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſuſtinet alios lapides, alios op<lb></lb>primit, quia non eſt pura poteſtas. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in mixto calor, veluti materies, idem prætereà ſuſtinet par<lb></lb>tes mixti, ne collabantur & diffluant: & animal eſt vt materies hominis, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>affert ſenſum & mo<lb></lb>tum: & è poteſtate traducit ad actum, è poteſtate animali efficiens animal. </s> <s>Id igitur, quod eſt in po<lb></lb>teſtate ſimpliciter, & ad id ad quod habet rationem poteſtatis, cum forma & efficiente conuenire <lb></lb>negauit Ariſtoteles: ſed quae ad aliud, & quatenus eſt actu, poſſet eſſe efficiens, non fuit negandum. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb>ptereà Græca dialectus, quæ ad rerum naturas exprimendas eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> accommodatiſsima, <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> cha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3974"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ractere ſæpius <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> cauſſæ genus exponit, & accipit vocem [ex] ſignificare materiam, & <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan>, & ex ſemine fieri prædicat <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſępiſsimè materiam, quę tran<lb></lb>ſiens appellatur, in qua eſt forma oppoſita, velut ex colore colorem fieri, & ex ſapore ſaporem. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>deſcendamus ad cauſſas incrementi, & ſolutiones dubitationum. </s> <s>Cùm fiat dupliciter incrementum <lb></lb>& acceſsione materiæ, & ex poteſtate diſtantiæ; dicimus in mutatione quantitatis, quæ fit ſine mate<lb></lb>ria, efficiens eſſe ſemper alterius rationis; cùm ſit id quod eſt actu, ſeu virtute calidum. </s> <s>atqui in alte<lb></lb>ra crementi ſpecie neceſſe eſt interueniat efficiens vniuocum; vniuocum verò cuius eſt eadem ratio, <lb></lb>vel ſpecifica vel <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>; id verò eſt quantum. </s> <s>Idcirco non dubito Ariſtotelem 7. Met. & 1. de ortu de <lb></lb>diuerſis his incrementi modis verba feciſſe, & 1. de ortu de vera auctione fuiſſe locutum. 7. verò <lb></lb>Met. accepiſſe rem generalius, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> complecteretur augmentum, quod rarefactionem conſequitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare factum fuiſſe puto, vt ibi indeterminatè locutus ſit dicens non neceſſe eſſe, vt ſemper quan<lb></lb>tum fiat ab vniuoco, quaſi ſit id quòd debeat ab vniuoco fieri; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fiat à diſsimili. <lb></lb></s> <s>i. </s> <s>verò de ortu definitè, quae vera auctio fiat ab vniuoco. </s> <s>Hæc verò melius intelligentur, ſi ſpecialius ali<lb></lb>qua dicamus de cauſsis efficientib. auctionem veram, & ſimul reliquæ difficultates euertentur. </s> <s>Er<lb></lb>go quod auget, viuens, non eſt vniuſmodi, quando eſt anima primùm, quæ motus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> in viuente pro<lb></lb>ducit: ſunt & alia quæ in hoc munere obeundo ſeruiunt animæ, & in mouendo mouentur. </s> <s>calor <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3975"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natiuus, & quantitas quæ accedit ex alimento. </s> <s>ab omnib. his <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> auctio miniſtratur. </s> <s>atqui calor <lb></lb>natiuus à quanto, quod eſt in alimento, magno interuallo diſtat: etenim & illud habet vim mouen<lb></lb>di, licèt in alterius virtute moueatur; & per <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> quam in ſe habet, <expan abbr="calefaciẽs">calefaciens</expan>, & id <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> in <expan abbr="viuẽ-te">viuen<lb></lb>te</expan> quod faceret extra; niſi quae anima eius actioni modum imponit: imponit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> veluti finis, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit, is <lb></lb>planè calor <expan abbr="requirit̃">requiritur</expan> qui hoc poſsit, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> plus. </s> <s>at <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> per <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> nihil facit, ſed <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> <lb></lb>vt ab alio motum. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & extra viuens nihil operaretur, nullam in ſe ipſo rationem continens <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõicet">conicet</expan> materiæ, tametſi eſt aliquid actu, ſed mouet & immutat, quantum ab alio mouetur: itaque <lb></lb>nos calorem numeramus in cauſsis ſecundis; quantum verò in inſtrumentis, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nulla vis conce<lb></lb>ditur per ſeipſa mouendi, ſed tamen à materia ſeparantur, quia materia <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> mouet, <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> <lb></lb>mouet quando mouetur. </s> <s>Hęc generatim ita diſtinguuntur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>quae anima eſt augens; reliqua ſunt <lb></lb>quib. augetur, id verò eſt viuens. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ſit inſtrumentum id quod eſt actu quantum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>pars eius quod augetur, ideò materia ſimul, & efficiens eſſe perhibetur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc ſecum pugnant, <lb></lb>ſubit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rationem materiæ, quia mouetur, quia pars, ſed cùm materia ſimpliciter non ſit, verùm pro<lb></lb>mouerit aliquid, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>moueat, idcirco <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in efficientium ordine collocatur. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ex effi <pb pagenum="678"></pb>cientium ordine pellitur, quia nihil agit per rationem propriam, ſed quatenus ab altero mouetur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3976"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quapropter eſt efficiens non ſimpliciter, ſed vt inſtrumentum, & vt quo, non vt quod. </s> <s>Idem ergo <lb></lb>rei pars, & inſtrumentum eſſe nil vetat: quapropter Ariſtoteles agens aliquando de <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtis">inſtrumentis</expan> hęc <lb></lb>pronuntiauit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inſtrumenta in iis quæ efficiuntur, ineſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſum efficiens neceſſe eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3977"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quib. neceſsitatem huic quidem attributo adimit, non negat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> facultatem. </s> <s>Vnde cùm philoſophi <lb></lb>denegant efficiendi vim quantitati, nil aliud ſibi volunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae nihil agat per ſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſit efficiens abſo<lb></lb>lutum; cùm verò inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>quantum ab vniuoco fieri, & ex actu quanto fieri actu quantum, at<lb></lb>que item Auerroës faciens partes magnitudinis eſſe actu <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, efficiens accipiunt non abſo<lb></lb>lutè, ſed vt quo, & vt inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Sic igitur quantum fit ab vniuoco, vel ex vniuoco. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm <lb></lb>vniuocum ſit in genere vel in ſpecie: nam calidum ex calido fit, quod eſt eiuſdem ſpeciei, color ex <lb></lb>colore, qui eſt generis eiuſdem; ſatis eſſe videtur Ariſtoteli, ſi maneamus in exemplis quæ ipſe attu<lb></lb>lit, ſi vniuocum in genere habeatur: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri dicitur quantum ex quanto, vt quale ex quali. </s> <s>Verun<lb></lb>tamen ſi rem diſtinguere & diligentius enucleare placeat, ſic ordiamur. </s> <s>In reliquis actus efficientis <lb></lb>ab actu rei quæ fit, vt nuper audiſti, eſt omnino ſeparatus, & in ſpecie <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> conuenit; hoc idem <lb></lb>neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> genus participat, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> virtute, non actu tale eſt, quale reipſa eſt id quod <lb></lb>efficitur, & in eo quod efficitur, ineſt vniuerſa poteſtas, in efficiente de poteſtate nihil, ſed penitus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3978"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actus. </s> <s>Quoniam verò <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> actu eſt vel per <expan abbr="rarefactionẽ">rarefactionem</expan>, vel per acceſsionem materiæ, quod fit p <lb></lb>rarefactionem, id ſeorſum habet, vt non alio fiat, ſed ab alio duntaxat quod perpetuò <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>& virtute ſimile tantum, actu <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan>, vt puta, calor, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ex aliquo fit, quod habet vniuerſam pote<lb></lb>ſtatem <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan>, nec actu ſeparatum eſt ab eo quod augetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quod accedit, id <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> elicitur è ſinu ma<lb></lb>terię. </s> <s>At cùm fit in viuente incrementum, aſſumitur noua materia quæ ita facit actu <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan>, vt quo, <lb></lb>quod alio nomine vocatur <foreign lang="grc">ὑπερβολὴ</foreign>, & exuperantia, vel elatio; quod fuerat antè ſeparatum, ſed fa<lb></lb>ctum eſt poſteà pars; nec eiuſdem ſpeciei poteſt eſſe; & virtute, non actu tantùm eſt, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>fit; cùm ſit illud quod fit, exempli cauſſa <expan abbr="tricubitũ">tricubitum</expan>; quo verò fit vnius cubiti. </s> <s>Poteſtas in his duplici ni<lb></lb>titur actu, & proptereà præſefert <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> priuationem: <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> quidem quę naſcitur ex ſola quantita<lb></lb>te, vtrobique <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inconſtantia <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> exiſtit: <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> verò quæ petitur à ſubſtantia, cuius eſt <expan abbr="inſtru-mentũ">inſtru<lb></lb>mentum</expan>; & in hac oppoſita ſunt <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> & <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>: At verò habita ratione quantitatis in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>& ea qua fit, & illa quę fit, ineſt ſua poteſtas ad aliud quantum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & cubitus quo fit tricubitum, <lb></lb>eſt potentia tricubitum, at ſi hæc ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> referas; eius mutatione fundatur mutatio quantitatis <lb></lb>in incremento: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit ſolùm quantitas, ſed fit ſubſtantia quanta, quandò illud quo fit <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <lb></lb>amittit formam; quod verò factum eſt maius, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſuum tuetur, poteſtas huic ſoli tribuenda eſt: ni<lb></lb>hil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non enti, quatenus non ens, tribui conuenit. </s> <s>Etenim permanet viuens quod augetur, <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3979"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum viuente commutat eſſentiam. </s> <s>His igitur modis quantitas efficit quantitatem. </s> <s>Quanquam de <lb></lb>eo quo fit auctio plura poſt hac & generatim, & ſpeciatim dicenda ſubuenient, & quemadmodum <lb></lb>moueatur ab alio, & vim mouentis, hoc eſt, augentis aſſequatur; quid ſit illud quo conſiſtit. </s> <s>Nunc vi<lb></lb>deamus quo pacto diſtinguatur quantum quod ſpectat ad incrementum, ab eo quod in ortu ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ ſupponitur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc item valebit ad ſignificandas differentias quæ inter auctionem, alioſ<lb></lb>que motus intercedunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3970"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3971"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3972"></margin.target>a 2 de ort. <lb></lb>an. cap. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3973"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3974"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3975"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3976"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3977"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge. <lb></lb>an. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3978"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3979"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt id quod eſt poteſtate quantum, ſit in ortu & auctione. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERGO auctio eſt mutatio de magnitudine actu in conſimilem actu magnitudinem; quapro<lb></lb>pter ab omnibus aliis mutationibus per ſe facilè ſegregatur: nam quia ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> mu<lb></lb>tatio ſit, ab alteratione ſeiungitur, quæ ſecundùm quale eſt; ab ipſa latione, quæ eſt ſecundum vbi, <lb></lb>& à generatione quæ verſatur in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> fit ex actu magnitudine; differt ab altero illo <lb></lb>motu qui fit <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quantum qui rarefactio nuncupatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in illa ſola mutatione fit actu <expan abbr="q̃-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> è potentia quanto: quæ tota interna eſt: & rarefactio eſt generatio corporis; cùm in auctione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3980"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſa nihil de corpore gignatur, aut intereat, ſed magnitudo altera præcedenti accedit, aut contrà de<lb></lb>mitur à præcedente. </s> <s>Verùm ſi auctio differt à generatione, quod auctionis materia ſit actu quanta; <lb></lb>multa ſunt quæ dubitati contingat. </s> <s>Primùm quia materia ponitur <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> patibile <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> tranſmu<lb></lb>tationum, & ea ratione qua poteſtas eſt: ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> principium mutationis eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <lb></lb>præ vt potentia <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>. </s> <s>non igitur ex actu quanto conflatur auctio, ſed è potentia quanto. </s> <s>Deinde, ſi <lb></lb>ponatur materia generationis eſſe poteſtate ſubſtantia, erit item poteſtate <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>: nam reliqua acci<lb></lb>dentia ſubſtantiam actu <expan abbr="deſiderãt">deſiderant</expan>. </s> <s>quid ergo vetat, quominus illa abſurda conſequantur quæ ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele quondam intenta fuerunt contra ponentes è non quanto fieri <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan>? </s> <s>Rurſus ſi materiæ tri<lb></lb>buatur dimenſio quæ eſt potentia <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, idem efficietur, ac quod primo loco allatum eſt: ſi contrà <lb></lb>nos eam actu ſtatuamus, eadem erit materia generationis & auctionis, non re <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>, ſed ratione <expan abbr="ponẽ-da">ponen<lb></lb>da</expan>. </s> <s>Præterquamquòd in promptu eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>ratio qua perſuadeamur <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> generationis eſſe pote<lb></lb>ſtate, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu quantum, ſiquidem locus non repugnat ei quod eſt quantum, quatenus huiuſmo<lb></lb>di: at eſſe in loco repugnat ei quod gignitur: etenim quod gignitur, non eſt: quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non eſt, in <lb></lb>loco eſſe non poteſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi generatio tunc eſt, cùm materia de poteſtate tranſit ad actum: non igi <pb pagenum="679"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3981"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur eſt quanta. </s> <s>Ex altera parte quòd ſit actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ei quod eſt actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, nil locus aduer<lb></lb>ſatur: ei quod generatur, non repugnat itidem locus: eſt igitur actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> embryon, quod <lb></lb>in vtero generatur. </s> <s>Quorum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eadem <expan abbr="cõſequentia">conſequentia</expan>, ſunt, & illa eadem ſint oportet. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="quod-cunq.">quod<lb></lb>cunque</expan> cum materia ſenſili <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan> eſt, occupat per ſe <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>; ſiquidem leue eſt, aut graue: ſic ſurſum <lb></lb>deorſumúe tendit ſecundùm, vel præter naturam: at quod fit, tale eſt. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> verò <expan abbr="ſublationẽ">ſublationem</expan> hæc <lb></lb>prænotare libet. </s> <s>Non eſſe inter alios modos contingere dupliciter, vel per ſe, vel per accidens; & ei <lb></lb>quod non eſt per ſe; nihil actus, ſiue de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ, ſiue accidentis poſſe conuenire: ta<lb></lb>le genus eſt priuatio. </s> <s>quamobrem de priuatione pronunciatum eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ex ea nihil fieri, quia <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <lb></lb>fieret id quod fit, è nihilo per ſe, quod verò per accidens non eſt, aliquo pacto eſt; ideò nil prohibet <lb></lb>aliqua attributa, & actus nonnullos ipſi quadrare vt motum, & ex eo fieri quippiam à natura non <lb></lb>abhorrere, quae cùm ita eſſet, non eſſet nihil omnino. </s> <s>Deinde quod generatur aio duplex eſſe id .ſ. </s> <s>quo <lb></lb>generatio terminatur, vt quando fit homo, gigni dicitur ipſe homo: alterum, quod eſt, vt ita dixe<lb></lb>rim, in ipſo tranſmutari, & euadit in hominem: id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quo generatio terminatur, propriè fieri di<lb></lb>cebamus, hoc verò fiens. </s> <s>At id quod fit, quatenus fit, profectò nihil eſt; ſed fiens eſſe quippiam neceſ<lb></lb>ſe eſt; & cum aliquo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> actu prius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> incipiat tranſmutari, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> tranſmutari cœpit: tametſi actus <lb></lb>ille ſit, vel ratio per quam ſic mouetur, & ad veterem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> pertinet, vel actus imperfectus in ſubſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3982"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quentem proficiſcens: & <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> generatione præcedere aſſeueramus; quibuſcum manet eſſe <lb></lb>in loco, & eſſe <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>. </s> <s>His prænotatis ad cauſſam dubitationis verè puto dici poſſe. </s> <s>Generatim mate<lb></lb>riam cum generationis, tum auctionis eſſe actu <expan abbr="quantã">quantam</expan>, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> nomine differre, quòd auctio<lb></lb>nis materia <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſeuocetur à quantitate, quemadmodum materia generationis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam ſi mu<lb></lb>tationis huiuſce materia ſit actu quanta, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>obtineat <expan abbr="dimenſionẽ">dimenſionem</expan> quæ poteſtate quantum eſt, <lb></lb>totum <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ipſi tribuendum, quatenus eſt antecedentis formæ ſubiectum. </s> <s>ad <expan abbr="conſequentẽ">conſequentem</expan> verò eſt po<lb></lb>tentia ſubſtantia ſimul & quantum; & <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> peruenit ad actum, aſſequitur eam <expan abbr="q̃titatem">quantitatem</expan> quę <expan abbr="cõ-uenit">con<lb></lb>uenit</expan> nouæ formæ, & <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> illi ſubſtantiæ naturalem, quæ nuper genita eſt: ſed auctionis materia <expan abbr="q̃-ta">qua<lb></lb>ta</expan> eſt actu ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad antecedentem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> fieri ponitur mutatio <expan abbr="quãtitatis">quantitatis</expan>, ob <lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam tanta fit acceſsio priori moli, quanta eſt illius ſubſtantiæ, quæ acceſsit, Quòd ſi obij<lb></lb>cias auctionis item materiam poteſtate <expan abbr="quantã">quantam</expan> eſſe: fit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>: motus verò om<lb></lb>nis eſt eius quod eſt potentia, quatenus huiuſmodi: memento poteſtatem in tali materia nouos ter<lb></lb>minos intueri, qui extant ex quantitate præcedente, & ea quæ mox acceſsit; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſimpliciter eſſe <lb></lb>poteſtatem, & puram dimenſionem; niſi in altera illa mutatione quantitatis, quam dicimus rarefa<lb></lb>ctionem. </s> <s>Cùm vrges item ſecundo loco: ſi generatio fit è materia quæ poteſtate quanta eſt; eadem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3983"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur abſurda conſequentur quæ contra id allata fuerunt, ſi quantum fieret ex <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quanto: Dicimus <lb></lb>eam fore potentia <expan abbr="quantã">quantam</expan> ad id quod <expan abbr="gignendũ">gignendum</expan> eſt, actu verò, & ſimpliciter eſſe quantam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi <lb></lb>dimenſio poteſtas eſt, ea <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ab actu <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſegregatur. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> non ſit eadem prorſus auctionis <lb></lb><expan abbr="ortusq́">ortusque</expan>. </s> <s>materia, cauſſa hæc adiungitur: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> accidit materiæ generationis eſſe actu quantam, ſed <lb></lb>auctionis materiam actu per ſe ſimpliciter eſſe oportet, tametſi non tantam. </s> <s>Illud item quod oppo<lb></lb>nebatur ex Ariſt. </s> <s>multas fallacias continebat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> propoſitione admiſſa reſpondemus ad aſſum<lb></lb>ptionem: fuit verò hęc. </s> <s>Ei, quod generatur non repugnat eſſe in loco: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſumpſeris fiens, quando <lb></lb>quippiam actu eſt; concedo. </s> <s>ſi accipias id quod fit, prorſus inficior: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non eſt, nec vſquam eſt; <lb></lb>nec vllum penitus habet attributum, <expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſo teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motui, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> loco ſubiici poſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm opponitur etiam. </s> <s>Id, quod generatur, non eſt; quod verò non eſt, neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſt in loco: dicimus <lb></lb>hæc verè prędicari de illo quod fit; de fiente verò nequaquam. </s> <s>Et huius argumenti propoſitio vera <lb></lb>eſt de eo, quod ſimpliciter, & per ſe non eſt, falſa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de eo quod non eſt per accidens. </s> <s>Et oppoſitas <lb></lb>item rationes ex antedictis reprehendere licebit: nam prior argumentatio continet in ſe fallaciam: <lb></lb>quandoquidem accipit fiens, nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc illi tribuimus, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> fit: & huiuſmodi eſt in vtero embryon: <lb></lb>etenim eſt aliquid actu per ſe, & materia ſenſilis ex eo genere, quod tranſiens appellatur. </s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſoluit̃">ſoluitur</expan> <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> pacto poſtrema obiectio: ſenſile <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt fiens ipſum, quod verò fit, nullo pacto ſenſile eſt.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3984"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3980"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3981"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3982"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3983"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3984"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Conditiones communes auctionis exponuntur, & docetur quid'nam augeatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MVLTA de incrementi materia dicta ſunt. </s> <s>reliqua perſequamur <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan>, & explanemus quid'nam <lb></lb>illud ſit quod verè <expan abbr="proprièq́">proprièque</expan>. </s> <s>augetur; vtrum'ne quantitas illa quæ exiſtebat. </s> <s>hæc verò eſt vi<lb></lb>uentis ipſius, an potius illa quæ acceſsit; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inerat in alimento: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & hoc problema prębet <lb></lb>anſam de nonnullis item, nec ſine cauſſa dubitandi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> auctionis eſſentiam miris modis <expan abbr="cõturbat">conturbat</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm, quia non parui momenti cenſemus eſſe ad <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> ipſam dignoſcendam, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>certius tenen<lb></lb>da <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> poſthàc de auctionis ingenio decreturi ſumus, illa ſpeculari quæ <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> ſenſus ipſi tribuere <expan abbr="cõſue-uit">conſue<lb></lb>uit</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eniti, vt per ea quæ dicentur à nobis illa <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> defendantur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nam <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> veritatis ar<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3985"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gumentum illud eſt, ſi ex acceptis inhęrentium cauſſæ reddi poſsint, ea nos in primis conſtituere ſa<lb></lb>tius eſſe putauimus. </s> <s>Tria verò ſunt attributa quæ facilè quiuis ineſſe in auctione <expan abbr="cõcedat">concedat</expan>. </s> <s>Primùm <lb></lb>quidem, vt id cuius <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> immutatur, vel à minore mole, & imperfecta ad <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="perfectã">perfectam</expan>, <lb></lb>quod in adoleſcentia contingit, vel contrà à perfecta, & conueniente ad <expan abbr="imperfectã">imperfectam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ineptam; <pb pagenum="680"></pb>ſicuti ſit in ſènectute, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> permaneat ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> à principio ad finem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <expan abbr="incremẽti">incrementi</expan> & decrementi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3986"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tantum abeſt, vt Heraclitea poſitio nobis recipienda ſit, vt neque in manifeſta corporum mutatione <lb></lb>quæ fit ſecundùm quantum, ne dum in perſpicua <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> conſtantia mutabilitas illa à <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſu approbetur. </s> <s>Alterum verò, vt auctio fiat acceſsione facta cuilibet corporis parti: ſic contrà <lb></lb>diminutio quodam ex <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> parte detrico, quandò id quod augetur ſecundùm partes omnes <lb></lb>ſigillatim amplificari perſpicitur, vt nulla ſit pars in viuente quæ quodammodo non intumuerit, & <lb></lb>maior facta ſit: ita in eo viciſsim quod minuitur, de <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> parte deteritur, vt omnes pariter fa<lb></lb>ctæ ſint minores: partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> iſtę minimæ intelliguntur, in quibus forma ſubſiſtit, quæ ſanè licèt ma<lb></lb>teriæ beneficio diuidi queant; tamen priuilegio formæ diuiſionem non accipiunt. </s> <s>ideò cùm partes <lb></lb>hę ſigna nonnunquam ab Ariſtotele ipſo <expan abbr="vocẽtur">vocentur</expan>, & nomine ſic appellata fuiſſe dicemus, quatenus <lb></lb>reſpiciunt formam: cùm cęteroqui ſignum ſimpliciter <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> maius minuſúe fieri poſ<lb></lb>ſit: partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> iſtæ ſimpliciter diuidantur: nanque etſi merito formæ diuidi non poſſent; propter <lb></lb><expan abbr="adiunctionẽ">adiunctionem</expan> materiæ ſectionis reddi obnoxias nihil obſtat. </s> <s>Poſtremum verò, vt auctio fiat aliquo <lb></lb>corpore extrinſecùs accedente, & contrà <expan abbr="decrementũ">decrementum</expan> aliquo intrinſecùs abeunte: conuerſę <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> condi<lb></lb>tiones ſequuntur <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> mutationem. </s> <s>tametſi id quod extrinſecùs accedit, ſenſui conſpicuum eſt, <lb></lb>cum ſit <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ij ſumus, qui credamus odoribus animal, aut alio <expan abbr="quopiã">quopiam</expan> <expan abbr="insẽſili">insenſili</expan> veſci. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg3987"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed id quod deteritur, cęcum & in ſenſile <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> eſt; tamen ratio dictat partem quandam cor<lb></lb>poris extitiſſe; cùm corpus è quo diffluxit, minus factum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3985"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3986"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3987"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec porrò <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> æuo, <expan abbr="macieq́">macieque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeneſcunt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec mare, quę impendent veſco ſale ſaxa pereſa</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quid <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> amittant in tempore, cernere poſſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Corporibus cæcis igitur natura gerit res<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ex his igitur poſitis <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſoluere <expan abbr="conandũ">conandum</expan> eſt, & illud in primis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> è non <expan abbr="quãto">quanto</expan> <lb></lb>fiat, ſi id quod acceſſerit, incorporeum fuit, aut ſi corporeum ſit, vt euitetur penetratio corporum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tu hîc confugies ad amplificationem terminorum quæ fit ſine acceſsione materiæ: quan<lb></lb>dò non eſt par <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> mutationis ratio. </s> <s>aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt augeri corpus, aliud intumeſcere: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tumor<lb></lb>hic ſine abſoluta ſubſtantiæ mutatione fieri videtur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aliud eſt, quod maius eſt factum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> il<lb></lb>lud quod olim fuerat, nec illa conditio retinetur, quam certò nouimus ineſſe in auctione, quae idem ni<lb></lb>mirùm ſuperſit ab initio mutationis vſque ad finem. </s> <s>Neque item in eo confidenter reſtabis; licèt <lb></lb>aër, aut aqua non augeantur: at id augeri, quod eſt <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>; hoc verò corpus eſt, quod ſe<lb></lb>cundùm magnitudinem mutatur, quae cùm anteà puſillum foret, dum ſuberat aquæ formæ, factum eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3988"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maius, vbi formam aëris excepit, quia nil etiam extrinſecùs accedit in hac tranſmutatione, ſed <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>materia varios terminos accipit, neque manet fortaſsis <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> corpus, quoniam terminis variatis <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>varietur <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Cęterùm, quia continet totam hanc quæſtionem ea ratio quæ eſt de illo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vtrum augeatur, an id cui fit acceſsio, quod eſt viuens; an illud quod extrinſecùs aduenit; hoc ve<lb></lb>rò eſt alimentum, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi obtinemus, ſtabit illud quidem quod <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> hunc continet, de quo agimus; <lb></lb>eam exploremus in primis, & hinc <expan abbr="ſolutionẽ">ſolutionem</expan> quæſtionìs auſpicemur, quod item præſefert occaſio<lb></lb>nem dubitandi, quia, ſicuti ſi vino æqualis aquæ portio infundatur, maius factum eſt vinum; maior <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> facta eſt aqua; ſic & illud quod accedit, & id cui facta eſt acceſsio, increuerunt. </s> <s>Prætereà quòd <lb></lb>alimentum videtur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> conuerti in <expan abbr="ſpiritũ">ſpiritum</expan>, & intumeſcere; quiſpiam iure ſuſpicari poſsit, alimen<lb></lb>tum'ne verè creſcat, an viuens. </s> <s>At verò ſi illud eſſe <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> videtur. </s> <s>Id quod augetur, ab initio ad fi<lb></lb>nem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> conſeruari; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi tenemus quod mihi quidem non videtur poſſe conuelli; facilè ſuccur<lb></lb>ret exitus propoſitæ quæſtionis: etenim quia videmus interire alimentum, manere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod nu<lb></lb>tritur, ita dicemus augeri id quod alitur, non alimentum. </s> <s>ac ſi rectè <expan abbr="cõſulamus">conſulamus</expan> rei <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vbi aqua <lb></lb>vino addatur, aqua, aut <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan> denominari videtur ab eo quod manet: illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> manere dicitur, cu<lb></lb>ius apparent functiones. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illę certiſsimum <expan abbr="inditiũ">inditium</expan> earum formarum quæ materiæ præſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ideò ſi colorem, <expan abbr="odorẽ">odorem</expan>, <expan abbr="ſaporemq́">ſaporemque</expan>. </s> <s>vini ſeruari adhuc cernamus; haud ambigendum eſt <expan abbr="auctũ">auctum</expan> <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3989"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuiſſe: contrà ſi videamus alias qualitates, & apparere <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan>, & cętera quæ aquam conſequun<lb></lb>tur; tum verò eam creuiſſe dicemus. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſtat multò euidentius in alteratione: nam ſi <lb></lb>è mutatione qualitatis cuiuſpiam euarietur ſubſtantia rei, neque maneat, iam ea non erit alteratio, <lb></lb>ſed interitùs rei præcedentis, nouæ <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> exortus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>permaneant, vtpu<lb></lb>ta, carnis; hæc erit alteratio propriè: ſic, niſi placeat interitum, aut ortum introducere pro incre<lb></lb>mento, ſtatuere cogimur id augeri propriè quod ſeruatur. </s> <s>Cùm ergo maneat viuens, intereat ali<lb></lb>mentum quo auctio miniſtratur, non alimentum, ſed viuens creſcat oportet. </s> <s>Vnde etiam, ſi cibus <lb></lb>amplificetur, dum caloris ope digerentis in ſpiritum mutatur; nihilominus quia non manet; reue<lb></lb>ra non augetur; eſt enim æqualis propemodùm mutationis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> proceſſus, cùm ab vtraque al<lb></lb>teratione ſcilicet & incremento ſubiectum actu, atque illud quidem permanens requiratur quod <lb></lb>ſalua ſubſtantia ſecundùm aliud perturbationum genus immutetur: <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> enim accidentia ſunt, <lb></lb>& actu ſubſtantia fundantur. </s> <s><pb pagenum="681"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3990"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3988"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3989"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3990"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid ſit id quo augetur, & explicatio T. 34. Primi de Gen. Cap. </s> <s>XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò ſicut inter mutationes iſtas conuenientia maxima exiſtit; permagnum diſcrimen inter<lb></lb>cedit inter id quo auctio miniſtratur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud quo fit alteratio. </s> <s>Sed cùm verba illa, quibus <lb></lb>hoc eorum diſcrimen ſignificauit nobis Ariſt. </s> <s>obſcura ſint, & ſententia perdifficilis; neque verò mi<lb></lb>hi ſolus hic ſcrupoſus viſus ſit, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> diù torſerit cęteros interpretes Ariſt. </s> <s>tum quod ad <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> veſtigandam pertinet, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quantum ſpectat ad veram ſententiam Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſius exprimen<lb></lb>dam; haud iure ſimus accuſandi, ſi aliquam item operam in explicationem <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> rerum conferamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ea vero perſpicua <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> <expan abbr="cõſpicit̃">conſpicitur</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id quo <expan abbr="alterat̃">alteratur</expan>, <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> manet inalterabile; id verò quo <lb></lb>augetur, alteratur, & in ſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſui motus obtinet. </s> <s>Cęterùm preſtabit opinor ipſius philoſophi <lb></lb>verba ſubſcribere. <foreign lang="grc">Ὠὶ δὲ ἠλλόιωται, ὁτε μέν οὐδὲν πέπονθεν, οὐ δ' ἡλλόιωται ἡ οὐσία, ὁτε δὲ κᾶκεῖ<lb></lb>νο, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀλλοι οὐν καὶ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κινήσεως ἐν τῳ αν̓ξανομένω καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀλλοι ουμένω ἐν τούτοις <lb></lb>γὰρ τὸ κινούν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ εἰσελθόν γὲν οιτ' ἄν ποτε μεῖζον, καὶ τὸ ἀπολαῦσαν αν̓τοῦ σῶμα. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οἷον εἰ εἰσελ<lb></lb>θὸν γένοι τὸ πνεύμα. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἀλλ' ἔφθαρταί γε τοῦτο παθὸν καὶ τὸ κινοῦμοὐη ἐν τούτῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>“Quo verò alteratum <lb></lb>eſt, aliquando quidem nihil paſſum eſt, neque alterata eſt ipſa ſubſtantia: <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> vero & illud: <lb></lb>ſed alterans, & <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus in eo quod <expan abbr="auget̃">augetur</expan>, & in eo quod alteratur: in his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouens: quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3991"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="doquidẽ">doquidem</expan> & quod ingreſſum eſt, fuerit <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> maius, & quod ipſo <expan abbr="fruit̃">fruitur</expan> corpus, vt, ſi id quod in<lb></lb>greſſum eſt, ſpiritus factus ſit, ſed corruptum eſt hoc, cùm paſſum fuerit, & mouens non in hoc.” <lb></lb>Ad <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> verò intelligentiam hæc <expan abbr="prænotãda">prænotanda</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>nimirùm multiplex eſſe genus alterationis quod <lb></lb>tentat <expan abbr="animãtia">animantia</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è variis principiis conſtent, & ex elementis vt corpora naturalia, & ex ani<lb></lb>mo vt animata; ſic etiam variis vtuntur adminiculis & variis modis alterantur, vt naturalia, pro<lb></lb>pter <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> quam habent ad quale, primas qualitates accipiunt; & ita motus ſunt naturales, & for<lb></lb>mæ pro materiæ potentia inductæ vnà <expan abbr="extendunt̃">extenduntur</expan>, & accipiuntur <foreign lang="grc">ὑλικῶς</foreign> facta .ſ. </s> <s>permutatione ma<lb></lb>teriæ, vt animata; cùm ſit eorum partes animus & corpus, etiam animi cauſſa contingit corpus <expan abbr="bifa-riã">bifa<lb></lb>riam</expan> ſubiici alterationi, & qua corpus ſimpliciter, & <expan abbr="conflatũ">conflatum</expan> ex elementis, & qua animatum. </s> <s>de prio<lb></lb>re dictum eſt. </s> <s>de altera ſcire licet in partibus animalis exiſtere geminam <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan>: alteram quæ ſa<lb></lb>lutaris eſt, qua organa ſenſuum à rerum ſenſilium formis afficiuntur ſine materia: alteram, qua ſpe<lb></lb>cies iſtæ impreſſæ in phantaſia retinent vim <expan abbr="primarũ">primarum</expan> qualitatum. </s> <s>quamobrem <expan abbr="cõmouentes">commouentes</expan> ſangui<lb></lb>nem & ſpiritus in quibus <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan> calor innatus, faciunt <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> circum cor in parte inſenſili qui<lb></lb>dem propter magnitudinem, ſed virtutis efficaciſsimæ, vel pellentes ad ipſam, vel ab ipſa <expan abbr="repellẽtes">repellentes</expan> <lb></lb>calorem, ita rubores & pallores efficiunt, & nos forma calidi frigidíue concepta, & per eas iucundi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3992"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ac moleſti incaleſcimus, lętamur, algemus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> triſtamur. </s> <s>ab his exiſtit mutatio loci quæ propria eſt <lb></lb>animalis perfecti. </s> <s>hæc planè ſine animæ interuentu non ſuccedunt. </s> <s>Sed & alia vis animæ, quæ non <lb></lb>vtitur ſpecie, <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan> quidem habens in corpus, verùm materialiter immutans, nihilominus non vt <lb></lb>natura, quae intra illud eſt quod ipſa immutat, cùm cęteroqui naturalia habeant extra ſe principium <lb></lb>mouens; prætereà quia <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> interna principia ſunt cauſſa motus primò; hęc vtitur <expan abbr="inſtrumẽ-to">inſtrumen<lb></lb>to</expan>. </s> <s>inſtrumentum verò <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> animorum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> eſt calor natiuus qui ſuapte natura materiam ma<lb></lb>terialiter mutat. </s> <s>hic cùm ſit inſtrumentum, mouet ſanè, verùm quoad <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> ab eo cuius eſt inſtru<lb></lb>mentum, ſed enim cùm ſit affectio, & forma materiata; habet etiam contrarium à quo poſsit oppu<lb></lb>gnari; cùm etiam ſit <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, non dicitur alterans, ſed anima alterans, ille verò quo <expan abbr="alteratũ">alteratum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc calore vtitur anima <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in auctione, veruntamen auctio præter hoc quo alteratum eſt, flagitat <lb></lb>quo augeatur id quod augetur; eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> viuens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in his animæ officiis eſt alterans, id quod alte<lb></lb>ratur, & quo alteratur; augens, quod augetur, & quo augetur. </s> <s>Ergo agitur de alteratione qua ani<lb></lb>ma materialiter immutat citra ſpeciei <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> vtens calore, & eius opera transformans alimentum <lb></lb>alterans & augens etiam viuens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> continet hoc explicationęm <expan abbr="duorũ">duorum</expan>: heorematum quibus ex<lb></lb>ponuntur cauſſæ quæ conficiunt incrementum. </s> <s>Primò igitur monſtrat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>vt ſe habeat al<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3993"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teratio ad inſtrumenta, ex quo <expan abbr="colligit̃">colligitur</expan> differentia quæ intercedit inter id quo alteratur, & quo au<lb></lb>getur; deinde quæ ſit prima alterationis cauſſa à qua corpus alteratur, & augetur. </s> <s>Quod ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>pertinet, diſtinguitur id quo alteratur, ab eo quo augetur <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ τὸ ἀπαθὲς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>in eo quae ſit perpeſsio<lb></lb>nis expers. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id quo alteratum eſt, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> permanet nullam accipiens labem; aliquando <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>mutatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm qualitatem ſolùm, quae eius qualitates <expan abbr="retundant̃">retundantur</expan>, ſed etiam quòd de eius ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> deteratur: quandoque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> integer eſt calor, & inter agendum nihil oíno repatitur, vt <lb></lb>in adoleſcente bene ſano; aliquando etiam ab alimento labefactare. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contrarium & etiam <expan abbr="de-minuit̃">de<lb></lb>minuitur</expan> vt ætatis progreſſu, & in morbis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> fit, vt tum deiectus ſit calor viuentis, ac ne<lb></lb>queat alterare <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ſat eſt: neque alteratum apponere; vnde atrophię illę oriuntur de <lb></lb>quibus medici plura. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> veriſimile eſt <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> de illius alteratione naturali potiſsimè ver<lb></lb>ba facere, quæ ſequitur ætatem. </s> <s>Atqui alimentum neceſſe eſt immutetur, ſi minus animantis inte<lb></lb>ritus exiſteret: oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tandiu nutriri viuens, quoad permanet: ſigno pulſus eſt qui nos cum vita <lb></lb>relinquit; exoritur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> auctore Philoſopho ex alimenti confectione. </s> <s>Secundo loco nobis exponit <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles veram <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, <expan abbr="primumq́">primumque</expan>. </s> <s>principium alterationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> alteratur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> calor: at non id <lb></lb>eſt ex anima: etenim nihil habet illa per ſe quo alteret, ſed quicquid agit alterando, vel <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine ſpe <pb pagenum="682"></pb>cie concepta, vel non ſine calore præſtat; nec ex ordine formæ eſt quòd ille calor alteretur, verùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3994"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt cauſſa materiæ; habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calor intra ſe cauſſas interitus, & quicquid patitur calor ab anima, ideſt <lb></lb>quae ab illa <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à fine dirigitur & gubernatur, quod potius eſt perfici <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> affici. </s> <s>Itaque alteratio non à <lb></lb>calore primo, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> eſt inſtrumentum, nec in calore, niſi ex neceſsitate materiæ, ſed ab anima per <lb></lb>calorem, à qua alteratur <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>, & id quo augetur, & per hæc <expan abbr="alterat̃">alteratur</expan>, & augetur corpus viuentis; <lb></lb>alteratur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab alimento irrigatum ac <expan abbr="calfactũ">calfactum</expan>, quod exhauſto humore & calore diminuto, <expan abbr="arefa-ctũ">arefa<lb></lb>ctum</expan> eſt, ac <expan abbr="refrigeratũ">refrigeratum</expan>, vt igitur ad <expan abbr="natiuã">natiuam</expan> <expan abbr="temperiẽ">temperiem</expan> deducatur, offertur alimentum, cuius hæ ſunt vir<lb></lb>tutes humectare, & amplificare calorem. </s> <s>Intus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> condi vim quæ primo alteret, & augeat, ſigno <lb></lb>eſt quae alimentum intus <expan abbr="ſuſceptũ">ſuſceptum</expan> intumeſcit, & <expan abbr="cõuertitur">conuertitur</expan> in <expan abbr="ſpiritũ">ſpiritum</expan>, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>additur corpori in pat<lb></lb>res eius transformatum. </s> <s>Ergo alteratum eſt <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>; alteratum eſt corpus viuentis: hoc vt quod: <lb></lb>illud vt quo; alterans, & augens eſt anima quę per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> alterat, & per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> & <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan> auget, ac <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> qui <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> impatibilis eſt, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> afficitur; per alimentum verò quod ſemper <expan abbr="afficiat̃">afficiatur</expan> <lb></lb>oportet. </s> <s>Cęterùm cùm alterationes & auctiones in animato diſtinguantur in priores & poſteriores; <lb></lb>priores .ſ. </s> <s>illas, vnde <expan abbr="conſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan> viuens: fiunt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> auctore Philoſopho <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> à ſpiritu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> parentis, aut ſuo, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3995"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed eo qui defluit è cęlo, <expan abbr="eouſq.">eouſque</expan> quo conſtitutum eſt quidem, ſed in primo & in minimo ſui eſſe, <lb></lb>vt dici ſolet; poſteriores verò quę progreſſu ætatis in ipſo, &, vt inquit Ariſtoteles, per ipſum mini<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3996"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtrantur, ſiue in vtero, ſiue extra in animali (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abſurdum reputo, cùm in hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Theophra<lb></lb>ſtum habeam pręceptorem, ſi animal accipiatur ſpeciatim, quia plantæ ſemper augentis extrinſeci <lb></lb>beneficio creſcant) ne verearis excludi hîc primas alterationes & auctiones, cùm <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> principium <lb></lb>in eo <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan> quod <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="alterat̃">alteratur</expan> & augetur. </s> <s>Etenim alio <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> ſe <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> <expan abbr="generãs">generans</expan> in animato, & inanimo. <lb></lb></s> <s>in hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ſemper externum, at in animato intus eſt quod generat, & in ſemine & materia conti<lb></lb>netur vis illa formatrix quę fabricat animatum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in illo generans, alij comparat, in viuente ſibi <lb></lb>ipſi, & illud alterat in quo primo <expan abbr="cõprehendit̃">comprehenditur</expan>, & illud auget. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> perpetuò <expan abbr="alterãs">alterans</expan> & <expan abbr="augẽs">augens</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>; <lb></lb>ſiue priores ſint, ſiue poſteriores alterationes & auctiones; eſt in eo, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="alterat̃">alteratur</expan> & <expan abbr="auget̃">augetur</expan>. </s> <s>ſed cùm in <lb></lb>ipſo <expan abbr="cõceptu">conceptu</expan> ſit <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan>, & vniforme; in ſe <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> agere nequit, ſed in aliud neceſſariò; proinde <expan abbr="alterãdo">alterando</expan> <lb></lb>eget externi; <expan abbr="necnõ">necnon</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> meatus prę paruitate <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> admittat, & ſit veluti <expan abbr="cęcũ">cęcum</expan>; extrinſecus ſibi ſumat; & <lb></lb>agglutinet neceſſe eſt, & afficiat <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quę circumiacet, donec maiore mole <expan abbr="cõtracta">contracta</expan>, <expan abbr="vaſibuſq́">vaſibuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>formatis fiat alimenti capax, & ex ſe ipſo <expan abbr="nutriat̃">nutriatur</expan>. </s> <s>quia tamen ſibi ſumit, & ex <expan abbr="accedẽte">accedente</expan>, & eo cui fit <lb></lb>acceſsio, vnum fit, quod in animo carentibus non euenit; ita <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> hoc ponitur in eo quod alte<lb></lb>ratur & augetur. </s> <s>Quare primum alterans, & <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> augens eſt intus abſolutè. </s> <s>Tametſi Theophra<lb></lb>ſti <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan>, quod <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> profitemur; videtur hiſce decretis obſtare; quandoquidem plantæ <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> <expan abbr="egẽt">egent</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3997"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>externi: nutriuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illo auctore ab ambiente. </s> <s>ergo planè extra eſt alterans, & augens primum. <lb></lb></s> <s>At in plantis eſt primum alterans & augens: ſiquidem vis ambientis, intellige verò lumen ab aſtris <lb></lb>affuſum eiuſque facultates, ſit generale augens, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>egeat terminantis; cùm verò talis ſit anima <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> plantæ, efficitur vt ex externo & terminante quod eſt intra, fiat <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> agens principale; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>illi ture <expan abbr="tribuat̃">tribuatur</expan> alendi & augendi poteſtas. </s> <s>Sic & in plantis etiam ineſt principium alterandi & au<lb></lb>gendi, ſi non abſolutum, at proximum. </s> <s>Nec illud obſtabit, quòd principale ſit inter <expan abbr="efficiẽtia">efficientia</expan> quod <lb></lb>remotius: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principale efficientiæ <expan abbr="roboriſq́">roboriſque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa, ſed nimis vniuerſale, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>opus habet de<lb></lb>terminante, &, vt Auerroiſtarum verbo vtar, appropriante quæ eſt cauſſa ſecunda, ex quibus vna in<lb></lb>tegra cauſſa efficitur quæ adęquata eſt, & <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ſuis partibus abſoluta. </s> <s>Neque ideò melior eſt hîc <lb></lb>conditio determinantis, cùm cauſſa ſecunda ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> ſit vt materia, propter quam ſi dicatur eſſe ef<lb></lb>ficiens, non intelligitur, vt eius gratia, ſed vt illud exiſtere poſsit. </s> <s>at verò vbi calor intra viuens eſt <lb></lb>productus; iam dirigitur ab aliis cauſsis internis <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à fine: proptereà calor in viuente eſt inſtru<lb></lb>mentum. </s> <s>Ergo anima cum virtute cęleſti eſt primum agens & adęquatum, quod quęrimus in prę<lb></lb>ſentia. </s> <s>Dicere etiam potes ex cęlo eſſe <expan abbr="calefacerẽ">calefacerem</expan> ſimpliciter, & in hoc munere primum eſt; exerce<lb></lb>re animę munera in viuente, hoc eſt animę primum. </s> <s>Ex his efficitur, vt non laudem <expan abbr="interprętatio-nẽ">interprętatio<lb></lb>nem</expan> Philoponi exiſtimantis Ariſtotelem in his verbis [Quod verò alteratur] mentionem facere de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3998"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>anima, aut vi auctrice, quam notarit Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> pati, non pati ſanè, vbi ſe habeat ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam; pati verò, vbi pręter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> affecta ſit: neque tum pati, cùm cibus ingeſtus fuerit <expan abbr="cõgruus">congruus</expan>, <lb></lb>quae ſi ineptus ſit, id quod accidit tribus de cauſsis, qualitate, quantitate, & tempore oblationis, ipſam <lb></lb>pati: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſubiicit idem auctor <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habeat; nihilominus pati ſemper; im<lb></lb>patibilem verò dici, quia multò minus afficiatur; non laudo, inquam, interpretationem hanc, quia <lb></lb>vis auctrix eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> alterationis; id .ſ. </s> <s>quod alterat & auget, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quo alteratur & augetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà neſcio equidem quo pacto cum eius interpretatione <expan abbr="cõſentiant">conſentiant</expan> ea quæ Ariſtoteles de hac <lb></lb>ipſa virtute <expan abbr="mentionẽ">mentionem</expan> faciens adiiciebat; præſertim iuxta <expan abbr="lectionẽ">lectionem</expan> eius interpretis: appellat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eam <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> formam immateriatam, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>impatibilem. </s> <s>vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non eſt, quae ſuſpicemur illud, vt quo, no<lb></lb>tare formam. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma anima quæ auget; non quo fit auctio, ſed hoc alimentum. </s> <s>Nec quęritur <lb></lb>hoc loco ratio formalis, ſed cauſſa <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, cuius duæ ſunt partes, anima, & <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, quo auctio, <lb></lb>vel alteratio miniſtratur. </s> <s>Noui ego aliam circunferri verborum interpretationem, vt de alteratione <lb></lb>loquatur Ariſt. </s> <s>quæ propria animalis eſt: huiuſmodi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt coctio & nutritio teſte Galeno, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>diſtinguat à cęteris alterationibus quæ <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> conſequuntur; cùm doceat, in his duo requiri, nem <pb pagenum="683"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg3999"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pe carnem actu manentem, & affectionem quæ illi per ſe, ideſt, propter <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, non autem propter <lb></lb>materiam ineſt; acquiſitam per alterationem, & per hanc affectionem non quidem <expan abbr="nutrimẽtum">nutrimentum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed carnem, quæ ipſum recipit, aliquid paſſam fuiſſe dici: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>poſteà Philoſophus adſcribit. <lb></lb></s> <s>[Quo verò alteratur] ea verba referantur ad nutrimentum hoc modo, quae id quo alteratur, ideſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan> aliàs ita ſe habet, vt ipſius gratia duntaxat caro alterata; <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> verò <expan abbr="perpeſsũ">perpeſsum</expan> nihil eſſe <lb></lb>dicatur: quod tum <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> habitu ſano, & integro <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habuerit carnis ſubſtantia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aliàs verò <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="paſsũ">paſsum</expan> aliquid in officio nutriendi fuiſſe dici; vt, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter caro, ſed <lb></lb>caro <expan abbr="melãcholica">melancholica</expan> fiat, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> quod <expan abbr="nutrit̃">nutritur</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſimplex <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſed aliquo <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> affecta <lb></lb>caro; ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan> aliquid <expan abbr="paſsũ">paſsum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="exiſtimandũ">exiſtimandum</expan> ſit, de qua re Galenus. </s> <s>Sed interpretatio <lb></lb>indigna <expan abbr="reſpõſione">reſponſione</expan>: <expan abbr="mirumq́">mirumque</expan>. </s> <s>mihi <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> fateri <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan> <expan abbr="cõuerti">conuerti</expan> in <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="viuẽtis">viuentis</expan>, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="corrũpi">corrumpi</expan>; id <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> fit <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan>, vbi ſit habitus corporis ſanus & integer: modo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> negare quae <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> <lb></lb>patiatur, immo <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan> maximè, vt <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> minus patitur, vbi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit amplius ab <expan abbr="alẽte">alente</expan> facultate mu<lb></lb>tari, quod accidit, ſi corporis habitus ſit deprauatus. </s> <s>Hęc, niſi fallor, certa loci huius interpretatio.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3991"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3992"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3993"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3994"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3995"></margin.target>a 2. de ort. <lb></lb>an. cap. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3996"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3997"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3998"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3999"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explanatur Textus lib. 2. de Anima, & diſſeritur quid est id quo nutritur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PARVM ab hoc diſsimilis tum quo ad ſententiam, tum etiam quo ad obſcuritatem verbo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4000"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="rũ">rum</expan> eſt alter ille locus Ariſtotelicus, qui talis eſt. <foreign lang="grc">̓εστὶ δέ ῷ τρέφεται διττὸν ὣσπερ ῷ κυβερουσᾷ <lb></lb>ἡχεὶρ καὶ τὸ πηδάλιον τὸ μὲν μυοῦν καὶ κινούμενον τὸ δὲ κινοῦν μόνον</foreign>. </s> <s>Eſt verò id quo <expan abbr="nutrit̃">nutritur</expan>, duplex, <lb></lb>quemadmodum quo gubernat manus & temo; hoc quidem mouens, & quod mouetur; illud <lb></lb>verò mouens ſolùm. </s> <s>Qui item cùm & pręſens hoc noſtrum inſtitutum aliquo pacto iuuare poſ<lb></lb>ſit, non dignus viſus eſt, qui conniueatur à nob. </s> <s>cuius certè difficultatem ſi verbis amplificare ve<lb></lb>lim, non <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> mihi negocium impendere perſpiciam: nam de lectione controuerſia inter Grę<lb></lb>cos eſt, tum quòd poſtquam lectio conſtituta eſt, in afferenda vi verborum imminet magna per<lb></lb>plexio; ita vt nobis dicere liceat, quemadmodum Chremeti Terentiano <expan abbr="conſiliũ">conſilium</expan> petenti ab ad<lb></lb>uocatis: Incertior ſum multò, quàm dudum. </s> <s>Eſt autem varia lectio: quandoquidem vbi expo<lb></lb>nit Ariſt. </s> <s>ſpecies eius, quo nutritur; aliqui dicant alterum ex his moueri, & mouere ſimul; alte<lb></lb>rum mouere tantùm. </s> <s>Alij verò diſtinguant ipſum in id quod mouet & mouetur vnà, & <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb></lb>quod ſolùm mouetur: nec <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> ſectę ratio ſuæ deſit interpretationis: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> de ſcopo Philoſophi <lb></lb>in eo Tex. </s> <s>nulla eos vrgebat difficultas: proptereaquòd vbi Ariſt. </s> <s>enumeraſſet <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ concur<lb></lb>runt ad nutrimentum: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ad tria capita retuliſſet, quae nutritur, eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> viuens, quod nutrit, id ve<lb></lb>rò eſt <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>, & quo nutritur: cùm hoc quo nutritur multiplex ſit, <expan abbr="diſtinctũ">diſtinctum</expan> oportuit, nequis ſcrupu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4001"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſupereſſet in animis noſtris, quantum ad ipſius nutrimenti <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> ſpectat, vt inde vim <lb></lb>nutriendi teneremus. </s> <s>nec de eo litigatur. </s> <s>id quo nutritur, eſſe duplex, ſed hoc quo nutritur, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>duplex ponendum ſit: nam dicebat Alexander illud eſſe duplex, quae alterum moueret tantùm; <lb></lb>alterum verò moueret ſimul, & moueretur: mouens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> eſſe credebat, quod verò <lb></lb>mouet & mouetur, calorem natiuum; mouet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> ſolùm; quòd eſt princeps cauſſa nutritionis, <lb></lb>& à nullo dirigitur; quin contrà cętera dirigit & gubernat: calor verò natiuus mouet & moue<lb></lb>tur: mouet quidem, quia dirigit <expan abbr="nutrimẽtum">nutrimentum</expan>; quia verò gubernatur ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>; mouetur: nam per <lb></lb>ſe calor <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ab inutilibus vtilia ſegregaret, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiam cogeret in certam <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan>; nec per loca <lb></lb>præfinita diſpenſaret, ſed calefaceret & vreret in infinitum; niſi regeretur ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>: quæ guberna<lb></lb>tio tamen à nobis intelligenda eſt, vt tanquam à fine deriuetur, cuius quidem appetitu ſuapte na<lb></lb>tura ducuntur <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ gratia quorundam inſtituta ſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cognoſcendi vis eſt naturæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4002"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tribuenda, ſed naturalis quædam boni communicatio, quod vt conſequantur, hoc & hoc modo <lb></lb>agant oportet, & calor iſte natiuus diuerſa admodùm officia pręſtet pro ratione multitudinis, & <lb></lb>temperamenti. </s> <s>Atqui probabile non eſt, <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> ſpatio tam breui nos ambiguo deluſiſſe: ſu<lb></lb>prà <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſtinxerat ea quæ ad <expan abbr="nutrientẽ">nutrientem</expan> pertinent, in nutriens, quod nutritur, & quo nutritur; nu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4003"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>triens <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> fuerat <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>; quò verò nutritur, <expan abbr="alimẽtum">alimentum</expan>, & quaſi inſtrumentum, & materia nutritio<lb></lb>nis: quare non debuit Ariſt. </s> <s>id quo nutritur, tam paucis interpoſitis verſibus tranſumere in nu<lb></lb>triens. </s> <s>Prętereà nil <expan abbr="cõferret">conferret</expan> <expan abbr="exẽplum">exemplum</expan>, quod ipſe adiunxit: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> clauus, aut manus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſunt, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan> immobilia permanentia, cuiuſmodi vult eſſe <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> in officio nutritionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> me mo<lb></lb>uet, ſi dixeris <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="immobilẽ">immobilem</expan>, quia, quod mouetur, ſeparatum ſit neceſſe eſt: at manus cum <lb></lb>toto colligata eſt, nec mouetur <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan>. </s> <s>falſum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> mouetur manus per ſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt corpus <lb></lb>totum per <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> moueri dicatur: nec ita preſsè ſeparatum <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> eſt, vt <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> cùm cęteris <expan abbr="con-nexionẽ">con<lb></lb>nexionem</expan> prorſus habeat, ſed <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõtiguo">contiguo</expan> conſeruatur, vt quaſi diametro opponatur <lb></lb>illi ſpeciei continui cuius motus vnus eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem Philoponus altera lectione recepta refe<lb></lb>rebat aliò verba illa dicens, Ariſtotelem diſtinguere inſtrumenta mutationis: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe duo <expan abbr="ca-lorẽ">ca<lb></lb>lorem</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>innatum, & <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> nutritio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> certis partibus corporis adminiſtratur, ore, ven<lb></lb>triculo, meſeraicis, iecore, & corde in perfectis: in imperfectis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conſimilibus quibuſdam parti<lb></lb>bus, & proportione <expan abbr="reſpõdentibus">reſpondentibus</expan> & in plantis, terra & radicibus. </s> <s>calor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id eſt quod mouet, <lb></lb>& mouetur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> cietur ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>; mouet autem & <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan>; cùm ſit primum motionis <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtum">inſtrumentum</expan>, <pb pagenum="684"></pb>& alimentum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quia coquit ipſum: membra verò <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, nec <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> aliud mouent, & ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4004"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan> ſimpliciter: ac ſi mouent <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, mouent <expan abbr="ſolũmodò">ſolummodò</expan> vt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quippe quae <expan abbr="immutẽt">immutent</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, quæ in hoc officio tantùm <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>, ſiue ſint partes <expan abbr="viuẽtis">viuentis</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="tantũmodò">tantummodò</expan> <expan abbr="nutriunt̃">nutriuntur</expan>, ſiue <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan> quod in rei <expan abbr="nutriẽdę">nutriendę</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="conuertit̃">conuertitur</expan>. </s> <s>Et quae de organis tantùm verba faciat Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="cõfirmabat">confirmabat</expan> <expan abbr="exẽplis">exemplis</expan>: <expan abbr="qiñ">qinm</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſunt organa manus, & temo. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vir hic iſta ſua interpretatio<lb></lb>ne <expan abbr="cõficere">conficere</expan> <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> id quod cupit; proptereaque diſtribuens parteis eius quo <expan abbr="nutrit̃">nutritur</expan>; non meminit de ali<lb></lb>mento quod tamen illius eſt pars, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> id ſolùm ſibi vendicarit. </s> <s>Prætereà non defendit vim <expan abbr="exẽ-pli">exen<lb></lb>pli</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi venit ad parteis quæ <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> ſolùm; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan>, tametſi mouent aliquid; at non mo<lb></lb>uent, quatenus <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> eſt, ſed quatenus materia. </s> <s><expan abbr="obiiciã">obiiciam</expan> ego clauum cui ſimilia reputat au<lb></lb>ctor ille <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> qui tamen agitat nauim, non <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſed vt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> par<lb></lb>tes ille <expan abbr="nutriunt̃">nutriuntur</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materia qua nutritio miniſtratur. </s> <s>Idcirco ille <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſumpſit id quo <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> mobile ſit, pro nutrimento. </s> <s>Attamen aduerſus hoc <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> verba Ariſt. expreſſa ſunt; <lb></lb>cùm velit Philoponus numerari alimentum in inſtrumentis nutritionis. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> paullò an<lb></lb>te teſtatus fuerat <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan> moueri vt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Non me fugit, <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõmentos">commentos</expan> huius loci <expan abbr="interpretationẽ">interpretationem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> item Ariſt. auctoritate munite conentur, quae ipſe <lb></lb>de principibus cauſsis nutrimenti nihil prorſus ageret: ſupra <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eas fuiſſe ſatis expoſitas, ſed de <lb></lb>cauſsis ſociis: has <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> geminas eſſe; <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quidem <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> qui coquit. </s> <s>hic verò igneus eſt, de quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4005"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> propter <expan abbr="Empedoclẽ">Empedoclem</expan> anteà meminiſſet Ariſt. </s> <s>& mox <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> facturus eſſet mentionem; eſſe & aliud <lb></lb>calidum inſitum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Hæc igitur in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> corpore animato ſubſiſtere, quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint aut <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>, aut eius ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4006"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua facultas, nec alimentum; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> hoc eſt materia: illarum verò officium eſt animare & for<lb></lb>mare <expan abbr="alimẽtũ">alimentum</expan>: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> cauſſæ ſimpliciter ſunt, ſed ſociæ cauſſæ: munus verò caloris eſſe coquere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex geminis caloribus ille qui igneus eſt, mouens eſt, & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: mouens <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quia coquit: mo<lb></lb>tum verò, <expan abbr="qm̃">quomodo</expan> ab animali calore gubernatur. </s> <s>calor animalis ſolùm mouet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ſimpliciter, eo <lb></lb>quae <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>, ſed quia regit <expan abbr="igneũ">igneum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan>, & hinc <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan> peti à Philoſopho inter <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> & <expan abbr="clauũ">clauum</expan> <lb></lb>ex altera parte, & calorem animalem ex aduerſa; quia calor igneus eſt, quemadmodum clauus, <lb></lb>calor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> animalis, veluti manus. </s> <s>Verumenimuero & hæc interpretatio longè eſt aliena, & à vi<lb></lb>verborum, & à doctrina Peripatetica. </s> <s>Primum quidem, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> exponit Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe id quo alitur, <lb></lb>& hoc docet eſſe duplex: ſed tum eſſet triplex, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ibi eſſet <expan abbr="vterq.">vterque</expan> calor, & tertio loco nutri<lb></lb>mentum. </s> <s>Deinde quae ex <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> calor animalis ab igneo ſegregatur: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> igneus in animali <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nutrire idoneus. </s> <s>Poſtremò calor ille, qui coctioni famulatur, vnus eſt in viuente, qui à cor<lb></lb>de per venas ad <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> deriuatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Proptereà lectioni Philoponi recepta, quæ talis eſt. </s> <s>Hoc ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4007"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rò quod <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> ſolùm. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="explicarẽ">explicarem</expan> ego hunc locum. </s> <s>Vt faciamus, Ariſtotelem ſeparare id quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4008"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nutrit̃">nutritur</expan>, & cùm ſuprà tantummodò pronunciaſſet, <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan> eſſe id quo nutritur; monere poſteà <lb></lb>nos id quo <expan abbr="nutrit̃">nutritur</expan>, non eſſe ſolùm <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan>, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> calorem; è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> mouet, & <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> mouetur tantùm: mouet ſanè, & <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> calor quem <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> non <expan abbr="igneũ">igneum</expan> eſſe accepimus; ineptus <lb></lb>.n. foret ad animæ funtioneis, ſed <expan abbr="animalẽ">animalem</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> mouetur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan>; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> eſt materia cuius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4009"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>munus eſt pati. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> calor moueat ſimul, & <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>, docet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ab ar<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4010"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tificioſo & igneo diſtinguens, quae calor naturalis nonmodò <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> eſt, ſed per opus ipſum <lb></lb>diffuſus vnà cum cęteris ſubſtantiam ipſius explet: calor ignis in arte pars operis non eſt. </s> <s>quare <lb></lb>mouet calor naturalis, quatenus coquit; mouetur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quatenus eſt pars operis, & <expan abbr="quodãmodò">quodammodò</expan> <lb></lb>materia: proptereà cum reliquis corporis partibus, & <expan abbr="delabit̃">delabitur</expan>, & delapſus inſtauratur. </s> <s>Proportio <lb></lb>verò inter <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> & clauum ex vna parte, & <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> & nutrimentum ex alia talis eſt, vt calor ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> manus & <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan>, ſicuti clauus; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> manus mouet, & <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, & eſt pars <lb></lb>primi mouentis, qui eſt <expan abbr="hõ">homo</expan>; clauus <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> tantùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mouet, ſed ad ipſius <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> propter <expan abbr="conti-guitarẽ">conti<lb></lb>guitarem</expan> nauis <expan abbr="agit̃">agitur</expan>, & quaſi ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, vt ſi <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> principatus exceperis, non ſit ei diſsimilis <lb></lb>quo partes <expan abbr="nr̃i">nostri</expan> corporis <expan abbr="agitãtur">agitantur</expan> à corde, cùm ex illo ſint aptæ; <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſit ea pars vt cauſſa, ſine qua <lb></lb>non, quæ referri ſolet ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: ſic calor natiuus ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>, vt fine <expan abbr="cõcitatur">concitatur</expan>; <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> per <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4011"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rei <expan abbr="præſtãdę">præſtandę</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in ſe habet, & per ſe eſt efficiens. </s> <s>forma verò, quia p <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> eſt id quod eſt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>in quo eſt. </s> <s>& cùm ſit pars <expan abbr="animãtis">animantis</expan>, eſt materia: <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan> verò materia tantùm eſt; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutat">commutat</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, & alterius <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſibi ſumit. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus eſt, vt actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, & vt de genere <expan abbr="cauſ-ſarũ">cauſ<lb></lb>ſarum</expan>, quas <foreign lang="grc">κυρὶους</foreign> .i. </s> <s>dominas & ius habentes in alia <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>, ſed vt ſine qua non. </s> <s>Nam quae ſit calor id <lb></lb>quo nutrimur, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> & mobile ſimul; docebat poſteà paucis interiectis verbis Ariſtoteles: <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud quo coctio <expan abbr="perficit̃">perficitur</expan>; at ea fit calore: quocirca <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> fore <expan abbr="cõcludebat">concludebat</expan>, vt huiuſce<lb></lb>modi <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <expan abbr="viuẽte">viuente</expan> <expan abbr="dominaret̃">dominaretur</expan>, ſi viuere, hoc eſt, nutriri <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> oporteat. </s> <s>Quòd ſi obieceris ali<lb></lb>quas parteis, quę ſunt <expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan> nutritionis, os, <expan abbr="ſtomachũ">ſtomachum</expan>, iecur, & <expan abbr="ĩferas">inferas</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> eſſe duplex, <lb></lb>ſed triplex id quo nutritur. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quia ſic calor, ſeipſum nutriret; nil <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> à ſeipſo moueri poſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad hoc <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſe nutrire primò & <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe, ſed per aliud; illud verò <expan abbr="quõdã">quondam</expan> <expan abbr="reprobatũ">reprobatum</expan> <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> mouere <lb></lb>primò & per ſe; atqui calor <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> nutrit per <expan abbr="alimẽtum">alimentum</expan>. </s> <s>Ad illud verò pro iure meo <expan abbr="reſpõdebo">reſpondebo</expan> è <lb></lb><expan abbr="partib9">partibus</expan> <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> extat <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> aliquod <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> nutritione, <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> principes haberi, vt cor apud <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>, <lb></lb>apud medicos epar; nonulla inſtrumenta, vt venas. </s> <s>Dico igitur reponi principes in <expan abbr="efficiẽtibus">efficientibus</expan>, & <lb></lb>cum calore percenſeri: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calor ſimpliciter <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan>, qui <expan abbr="nutritionẽ">nutritionem</expan> faciat, ſed <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, quod <pb pagenum="685"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4012"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in certa parte conſiſtit, & eius auxilio coctio paratur, & nutritio perficitur: de inſtrumentis autem ſic <lb></lb>iudico, vel illa cum principibus numerari. </s> <s>Signo id eſto, quae omnes inde inſtrumenta deducunt, vbi <expan abbr="col-locãt">col<lb></lb>locant</expan> eius officij principatum. </s> <s>Sic cùm ea vaſa ſint venę ſine controuerſia, qui iecur huic muneri <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan> <lb></lb>caput; ens à iecore deriuari profitentur; Ariſtoteles, qui ſtatuit cor auctorem eius functionis, illas au<lb></lb>tumat à corde proficiſci, vel quòd exilis admodùm & quaſi cœcus huiuſmodi partium vſus; earum <lb></lb>habitam non fuiſſe rationem: capiunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm vt locus, & ſine illis abſoluitur aliquando nutritio, ve<lb></lb>lut in principe parte, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa fuerit: ſiquidem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hepar apud medicos, neque cor apud Peripa<lb></lb>teticos per venas nutriancur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4000"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4001"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4002"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſpir. c. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4003"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4004"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4005"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4006"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge. <lb></lb>an. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4007"></margin.target>b 3. De par. <lb></lb></s> <s>Anim. </s> <s>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4008"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4009"></margin.target>c 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 45.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4010"></margin.target>d Lib. de <lb></lb>ſpir. c. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4011"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4012"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quędam ad intelligentiam illius attributi communis afferuntur, vt auctio fiat ſecundùm quod<lb></lb>libet ſignum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AD illam verò dubitationem profligandam, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeruandam notionem quam de incremento <expan abbr="cõ-cepimus">con<lb></lb>cepimus</expan>, vt auctio fiat ſecundùm quodlibet, hoc eſt, minimam <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> partem; nec tam aut ex in <lb></lb>corporeo fiat <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>, aut corporum penetratio conſequatur; hoc ad primè valebit, ſi ante alia <expan abbr="ſta-tuat̃">ſta<lb></lb>tuatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vnumquodq.">Vnumquodque</expan> corpus animatum in duo genera partium diſſecari, alterum vniforme quod habet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4013"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>partes <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> rationis cum toto, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod difforme vocamus; id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="diuidit̃">diuiditur</expan> in alias partes qua<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan>, & eſſentiæ diuerſæ ſunt, quibus <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> auctio tribui poſſe videtur: augetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> manus, <expan abbr="auget̃">augetur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> caro: ſed reuera manus per ſe & primò non <expan abbr="auget̃">augetur</expan>; verùm beneficio partium vniformium, quę ſolæ <lb></lb>per ſe augentur, vt caro, neruus & chartilago. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> difformes nil aliud ſint ferè, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> partes vniformes <lb></lb>coniunctę, & nullam propemodum <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> propriam <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> præter figuram, à qua nulla eſt <foreign lang="grc">πόιησις</foreign>, <lb></lb>& actio, ſiue alteratio, ſed officium: vniformes autem ex <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> differentiis conſtitutæ ſint, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4014"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illis propriè vita conſiſtat, quippe calor, qui eſt primum vitæ inſtrumentum, iure conuenit illis auctio <lb></lb>quæ miniſtrari nequit ſine auxilio primarum qualitatum. </s> <s>Mox illud <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſumamus; Vniformes par<lb></lb>tes eſſe ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõpoſitas">compoſitas</expan>, quemadmodum reliqua corpora naturalia; <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>illarum ma<lb></lb>teriam <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ſpectari, nonnunquam formam: nam caro interdum materia carnis appellatur, vt <lb></lb>cum carne humana Leſtrygonas & Channibales veſci audiuimus; aliquando forma <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, vt cùm am<lb></lb>putatur; ſiquando ex atrophia contabuetit; ſic etiam nauis dicitur lignum conſiderata ſolùm materia; <lb></lb>animaduerſa verò in tali materia certa figura, & fabrica nuncupatur nauis, vt forma, atque ille qui ſer<lb></lb>uo iubet, vt nauim inopia materiæ comburat; non reſpicit formam, ſed <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> nauis quæ lignum eſt: <lb></lb>ita vt ſi aliunde ligna ſuppererent; nauem libenter amitteret. </s> <s>Chriſtiani verò nominis hoſtes cum tri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4015"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>remes noſtras in mari prædantur; iubent comburi non ligna quæ ſunt materia, ſed naues, ideſt, ligna in <lb></lb>quibus eſt eiuſmodi forma: nam ſi in mari eſſet Hercynia ſylua; non comburerent eam, niſi forma & <lb></lb>figura nauis in formata eſſet: quare <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> nauis <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo, propter formam, & propter materiam; non <lb></lb>quidem, quae eius forma, aut materia vocentur nauis, ſed totum <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eo nomine notatur; verùm <lb></lb>quae nauis eſt, tum ratione formæ, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ratione materiæ, & talis <expan abbr="appellat̃">appellatur</expan> ſpectata forma, aut materia; <lb></lb>ſic de partibus vniformibus aſſerendum eſt, earum <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> ſignificari formam nunc, aliàs materiam: nam, <lb></lb>tametſi nomen dicitur primò ſignificare formam, at vnà ſignificat item materiam. </s> <s>Ergo ſiquando di<lb></lb>catur auctio fieri ſecundùm quamlibet partem, ſcire licet in eum ſecundùm accipiendum eſſe hoc pro<lb></lb>nunciatum, vt ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> pertineat, non autem ad materiam. </s> <s>Quoniam verò multum valent exempla <lb></lb>ad perſuadendum; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>valde neceſſaria ſunt, vbi res ita ſit obſcura, vt nonmodò fugiat ſenſum; verùm <lb></lb>etiam vix moueat mentem, cuiuſmodi eſt hæc noſtra, non deſerit nos Ariſtoteles, ſed exemplo perſpi<lb></lb>cuo <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> id quod de incremento conſtitutum eſt, quatenus fit ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, nobis ponit ante ocu<lb></lb>los: fingamus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vas quoddam, velut vtrem, & liquidum quoddam eo metiamur; liquidum illud ſanè <lb></lb><expan abbr="variat̃">variatur</expan>, & modò vna eius pars ab vtre, mox alia continetur: nanque altera priore diffluente ſublabitur, <lb></lb>manet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> idem vter, & prout maior, aut minor ineſt humoris illius copia, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vter ipſe creſcit, aut <lb></lb>decreſcit. </s> <s>Ita igitur <expan abbr="cogitandũ">cogitandum</expan> eſt formam carnis permanere; <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> verò, vt ſanguinem ex quo fit ca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4016"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ro, diffluere, <expan abbr="diſsipatũ">diſsipatum</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>& exhauſtum ab innato calore, & modò plus ibi adeſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="diſsipatũ">diſsipatum</expan> fuerit, vt in <lb></lb>adoleſcentia contingit; <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> tantundem, vt in ætate virili, minus aliàs, vt in ſenio, quo fit, vt forma <lb></lb>carnis modò amplior, aliàs minor ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> permanens, ſicut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> permanet <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma nauis, ſi eadem <lb></lb>figura retineatur; quanuis moles ipſa varietur. </s> <s>Sed quid clarius poſtulamus, quàm id quod exemplo <lb></lb>Ariſtotelico expreſſum eſt? </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> certè appoſitiſsimum: quoniam <expan abbr="tendit̃">tenditur</expan> vter plenus; inanis conſidit; <lb></lb>ita & in corpore noſtro venę quæ <expan abbr="cõplectuntur">complectuntur</expan> <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan>, & ex quibus fit caro, & tota cor<lb></lb>poris moles, <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> intumeſcunt, & <expan abbr="deprimunt̃">deprimuntur</expan>, & velut in vtre quælibet pars figuræ modò ma<lb></lb>ior, nonnunquam minor apparebat pro copia liquoris, qui prius in ipſo continebatur; ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> forma <lb></lb>carnis, ex qualibet parte creſcit, & imminuta eſt, ſed forma carnis latet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> functiones animę, & for<lb></lb>ma animalis ipſius quæ generatim per ſuas proprias functiones deprehendi ſolet, extant magis in diffor<lb></lb>mibus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in vniformibus; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem, ſi manus amputata ſit; nihilo plus appellatur manus, quàm <lb></lb>ſi lapidea foret. </s> <s>vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> totum cadauer animal <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="appellat̃">appellatur</expan>. </s> <s>Vnde optimè tragicus ille de mortuo dicebat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4013"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4014"></margin.target>a 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. cap. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4015"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4016"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Βέβηκεν, οὐ δ' ἔτ' ἐστὶν Αδμή του γιωὴ</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ille alter iacet ſine nomine corpus, caro au<lb></lb>tem, etſi à corpore ſeiuncta; nihilominus eodem nomine <expan abbr="potit̃">potitur</expan>, non ob aliud, quàm quae latet forma car<lb></lb>nis: forma verò manus euidentior eſt: idcirco putare non oportet, ne forte, ſi caro creſcat, non creſcat <pb pagenum="686"></pb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; augetur enim ſecundùm formam, non apparet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quae eius latet forma. </s> <s>ſed quemad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4017"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modum creuit, aut decreuit manus forma; licet non primò, non autem materia; ſic partes vniformes <lb></lb><expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> creuere ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, non ſecundùm materiam: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iugiter effluxit; forma verò per<lb></lb>manſit. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ſint, facilè defenduntur ea quę <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> ſunt de attributis huiuſce mutationis, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan>, <lb></lb>vt maneat idem id quod augetur, ab initio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad finem: manet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem ſecundùm formam, quæ non <lb></lb>immutatur: vt etiam <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> quanlibet <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> excreuerit, & acceſsio facta fuerit, quia .ſ. </s> <s>additio facta <lb></lb>fuerit ſecundùm <expan abbr="quãlibet">quallibet</expan> partem formæ, & vt ab extrinſeco, quippe ab alimento. </s> <s>Prætereà vt non ſit <lb></lb>inane, neq penetratio corporum: illud quidem, quia ſubit aſsiduè materia, quę cùm magnitudine con<lb></lb>iuncta eſt; neque item penetratio <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, quia non fit additio cuilibet parti materiæ, ſed formę parti<lb></lb>bus acceſsio facta eſt, & veteri materiæ noua ſuccedit <expan abbr="occupãs">occupans</expan> eius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, quæ inde migrauit, & effluxit, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> vbi, dum vas exinanitur, & aqua noua infunditur, aut conſequens <expan abbr="antecedentẽ">antecedentem</expan> ſubſe<lb></lb>quitur; non eſt penetratio <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> quæ tum ſit, ſi retineatur præcedens, aut, niſi vas dilatetur; ſic in au<lb></lb>ctione contingit. </s> <s>Proptereà <expan abbr="cõſimiliter">conſimiliter</expan> Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> docens officium auctricis facultatis illud eſſe dicebat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4018"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐκτεῖναι τὰπεφυκότα</foreign>, hoc eſt, extendere partes innatas: ita <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> partes ſolidæ corporis appellantur <lb></lb>arteriæ, venę, nerui, oſſa, chartilagines, <expan abbr="mẽbranæ">membranæ</expan>, ligamenta, & omnes tunicę quas <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> elementales, & <lb></lb>ſimplices ipſe nominari teſtatur, tametſi continent humores & ſpiritus quæ impetum facientia vocauit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4019"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hyppocrates, ſed in his cùm duplex inſit ratio, altera quidem ſubſtantiæ, atque altera cauitatis in qua <lb></lb>recipiuntur ſpiritus & humores; augetur quidem ſubſtantia <expan abbr="vaſorũ">vaſorum</expan> per ſe facta extentione ſecundùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnamquanq.">vnamquanque</expan> partem; ex hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> æquatur amplificatio cauitatis, vt ſiquis veſicam ſuis atterens, & fla<lb></lb>tu implens eam extendat in amplum, illo ſolo excepto, quòd craſsitiem non conſeruat, nec ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>quicquam ſuperuenit, ſed ſola cauitas amplificatur. </s> <s>quòd ſi inter augendum craſsitiem retineret, quod <lb></lb>ſanè faceret aliquem humorem combibens; eſſet illo planè modo auctio naturalis. </s> <s>Ita fit auctio, & ſe<lb></lb>cundùm formam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat, ſiquis <expan abbr="opponat̃">opponatur</expan> nobis augeri carnem, quæ eſt materia manus, vt verta<lb></lb>ris augeri materiam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> auctio fit ſecundùm formam illiuſmodi partium, quę primò augentur: di<lb></lb>ximus autem eas eſſe vniformes, quòd ſi accidat ipſis eſſe materiam difformium, non eſt, quòd auctio<lb></lb>nem ſecundùm materiam fieri concedamus: quandò difformes potiſsimum, & per ſe non augentur: <lb></lb>ideò laborat obiectio fallacia ſecundùm accidens accipiens eas augeri, quatenus ſunt materia <expan abbr="diffor-miũ">diffor<lb></lb>mium</expan>: cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> id illis accidat, ſi propria <expan abbr="ipſarũ">ipſarum</expan> forma <expan abbr="ſpectet̃">ſpectetur</expan>, <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> quam fieri poſuimus auctionem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4017"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4018"></margin.target>a 1. c fa<lb></lb>cul. </s> <s>nat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4019"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An per ſe totum, an partes potius augeantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4020"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4020"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PER VENIMVS eò nunc, vt aliqua nos attigerimus de quorum veritate non pauca dubitanda <lb></lb>ſint: nam cùm dictum ſit augeri primò partes vniformes; poſsit hęſitare <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> eas primò viue<lb></lb>re: augentur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primò, igitur nutriuntur: quare etiam primò vinunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Philoponi argu<arrow.to.target n="marg4021"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mento confirmatur: quoniam oblata <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> parte vniformi animal intereat neceſſe eſt: at non or<lb></lb>ganica ſublata. </s> <s>Veruntamen Ariſtoteles ita animam definiuit actum corporis organici, poteſtate <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> <lb></lb>obtinentis: viuit ergo primùm corpus organicum. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quòd viuere eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>, ideſt fun<lb></lb>gi; atqui hoc <expan abbr="organorũ">organorum</expan> proprium eſt. </s> <s>Rurſus <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan> fieri diximus ſecundùm minimas partes: ergo <lb></lb>tantùm animal per partes augebitur: id verò, quod per partes mouetur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mouetur per accidens: & <lb></lb>animal igitur per accidens augeri oportet. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de prima dubitatione; ſcire conuenit id <lb></lb>eſſe diſcrimen inter partes vniformes, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> difformes: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vniformium <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> alterationes & paſsiones, <lb></lb>tum naturales, tum etiam animales, vt ſenſitrices; <expan abbr="difformiũ">difformium</expan> ſunt actiones, vt tractiones, tentiones, la<lb></lb>xationes, pulſiones, flexiones, & alia id genus, quę <foreign lang="grc">πράξεις</foreign> ab Ariſtotele nuncupantur. </s> <s>Cùm verò dif<lb></lb>formes ex vniformibus conflatæ ſit; ita vt organum nil aliud ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> multæ partes vniformes in vnum <lb></lb>collectę; per illas ipſum viuere neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>hoc verò eſt nutriri: adminiſtratur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per primas qualitates, <lb></lb>& per calorem, qui partibus vniformibus impartitur: ideò primò etiam illę viuunt; ita nutriuntur, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4022"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>augentur. </s> <s>At quoniam non ſibi ſoli <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> nata eſt, ſed omnes in corpore mutuas ſibi operas <expan abbr="pręſtãt">pręſtant</expan>; <lb></lb>ſuſtinet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud, vt os, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> fouet, vt caro: proptereà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> nomine partes omnes viuentis or<lb></lb>ganicę nuncupari queunt; atque ita anima cùm illarum ſit actus; organici corporis naturalis actus eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec propriè <expan abbr="organorũ">organorum</expan> eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>, ſed <foreign lang="grc">πράττειν</foreign>: <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεῖν</foreign> autem præſentiam actus ſignificat, ſiue in <lb></lb>id ſe habeat quod eſt pati, ſiue in id quod eſt agere: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> partium <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> eſt fungi, quod <lb></lb>eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>, ſed organi ſolùm eſt <foreign lang="grc">πράπτEIν</foreign>; ideò ſequitur, vt à vita non arceantur partes vniformes, <lb></lb>quia non agant; eo, quae auctio quæ viuenti tribuitur, non eſt <foreign lang="grc">πράξις</foreign>, quæ organorum propria eſt, ſed eſt <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργEIα</foreign>, quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> pertinet ad partes vniformes. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de poſteriore difficultate ſic <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> tol<lb></lb>lebat Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="concedẽs">concedens</expan> auctionem, & <expan abbr="decrementũ">decrementum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> partium per ſe; totius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4023"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inquiebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan> verè fieri in toto, ſed cùm partes eius quod augetur, ſecundùm locum per ſe mo<lb></lb>ueantur; ideò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> augeri propriè ſecundùm partes. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> teſtatus eſt alibi, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> eius rei cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4024"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſam reddidit, quam <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> obiecit Anaxagoræ Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="exiſtimãti">exiſtimanti</expan> partes eſſe infinitas, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> totum eſſet <lb></lb>finitum. </s> <s>quoniam .ſ. </s> <s>tanta eſt magnitudo <expan abbr="inſtrumentorũ">inſtrumentorum</expan>, quanta partium vniformium. </s> <s>Verùm quan<lb></lb>tum pertinet ad primam cauſsam ſcire licet <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> per accidens moueri dupliciter, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel vt cęlum, & id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4025"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> quod circulo mouetur, ſuper <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> polis, & circum <expan abbr="axẽ">axem</expan> eundem: in ipſo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partes per ſe mouen<lb></lb>tur; <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> verò per accidens: cùm maneat <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> loco perpetuò. </s> <s>Deinde vbi vna pars per ſe mo <pb pagenum="687"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4026"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ueatur, aut aliquę <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>; veluti <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ſedens ipſe ſcribendo <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> agitas. </s> <s>Miſſo primo illo ſignifi<lb></lb>cato eius quod eſt moueri <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> per accidens (nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facit ad rem noſtram) de altero diſſeramus. </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>contingit, vt pars vna propter quamuis <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan> ſaluo reliquo corpore creſcat, aut decreſcat; ſed hęc <lb></lb>eſt auctio & diminutio <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ex parte, non vniuersè quam nos in præſentia quærimus. </s> <s>Alteram nunc <lb></lb>ſpectemus quæ ſimpliciter eſt: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> auctio & diminutio ſunt motus ſecundùm <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> nos anteà diximus, quia .ſ. </s> <s>amplificatis terminis eius rei quæ aucta eſt, maior locus ab illa, quàm <lb></lb>ante occupetur: at maior iſte locus <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> non eſt, ſed totius. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partes, dum <expan abbr="manẽt">manent</expan> in toto, ſunt <lb></lb>in loco per ſe, ſed poſtquam ſeparatæ fuerint: idcirco <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> & decrementum toti primò <expan abbr="con-ueniũt">con<lb></lb>ueniunt</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per accidens, & beneficio <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>. </s> <s>conuenit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> auctio rei, quatenus mutat <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>; at locum <lb></lb>per ſe mutat <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>; pars verò <expan abbr="nequaquã">nequaquam</expan>: conuenit igitur auctio toti per ſe & primò, non autem parti. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus aut pars vna, ſeu plures, aut omnes <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> augentur: ſi non omnes augeri dixeris; ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt au<lb></lb>ctio ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>: ſi dixeris <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>; at hę nil aliud ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, & totum <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> per ſe creſcet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quòd valet eadem ratio quæ ſuperius allata eſt à partium loco deducta, tametſi partes <lb></lb>omnes augeri concedatur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partes omnes, ſi ſeorſum capiantur, nec, quatenus iunguntur in to<lb></lb>to, locum ſibi per ſe vindicant, & primò ſic res contrà potius ſe habebit, vt partes merito totius in loco <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4027"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſint, quàm totum id partibus acceptum referre debeat. </s> <s>Præterquamquòd, ſi partium foret auctio per <lb></lb>ſe, aut omnes ſimul augerentur in toto, aut ſeorſum. </s> <s>ſi primum dederis, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> & totum id erit quod au<lb></lb>gebitur per ſe: ſi verò ſeorſum, certè non vna tantùm fuerit auctio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vnicus motus. (mitto nunc, quae <lb></lb>vnus ſit ab initio ad finem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ſine interpellatione: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc poſteà diſquiretur) ſed multæ ſimul au<lb></lb>ctiones, <expan abbr="adeoq́">adeoque</expan>. </s> <s>innumerę ſimul erunt in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto, cùm tamen <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> totius auctionem <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> ſen<lb></lb>ſus eſſe teſtetur. </s> <s>Quęro etiam, quæ'nam ſint illę partes quæ per ſe augentur, an vniformes ipſę ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, an maiores quædam, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> minimè ſecundùm formam, id quod nos arbitramur: nam ſi maio<lb></lb>res pro Auerroë dixeris, cùm etiam iſtę poſsint in alias ſecari, quibus auctio <expan abbr="tribuat̃">tribuatur</expan>, non per ſe, vt ipſe <lb></lb>vult, ſed per accidens excreſcent: quòd ſi per ſe maiores, cùm ad minores ſint veluti <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, non igitur to<lb></lb>ti repugnabit, qua <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſt, per ſe augeri: ſi verò minimę fuerint ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, tum rurſus, aut <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>: ſi quædam <expan abbr="ponant̃">ponantur</expan>: ergo non auctio ſimpliciter: ſi <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, ergo & totum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <lb></lb>luto prouoluemur. </s> <s>Argumentor etiam, quia ſi motus in toto foret per accidens, & merito partium, <lb></lb>aut eſſet, quatenus eſt <expan abbr="sĩpliciter">simpliciter</expan> quantum, aut quatenus in matería certa, & vt <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> naturale. </s> <s>ſi qua<lb></lb>tenus quantum ſimpliciter, præter id quae <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> à materia ſenſili ſecretum eſt <expan abbr="mathematicũ">mathematicum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad ra<lb></lb>tionem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> pertinet vllo modo, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan>, vt illud <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> mutari poſsit, velut apparet in auctio<lb></lb>ne & diminutione quadrati vel <expan abbr="circũpoſito">circumpoſito</expan>, vel circunſcripto gnomone: totius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt illa mutatio, idem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4028"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quoque ſpectare licet in numeris, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> è quadratis fiunt altera parte longiores, aut <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> <expan abbr="quadrant̃">quadrantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>potes <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, ſi placet, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> transferre ad <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> <expan abbr="quãti">quanti</expan> quæ fit in raritate & denſitate, atque potius à <lb></lb>raritate totius partes rare <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> exiſtimandæ, quàm à <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> raritate totum: quando, ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> rarum ſit, <lb></lb>partes <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> raras eſſe contingat, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contrà, vt quando vna, aut altera tantùm fuerit: nam quòd id <lb></lb>ratione materię ſenſilis toti non repugnet, ſatis <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> eſt ex denominationibus plerunque ex ma<lb></lb>iore parte ſumi conſuerunt, rarò ex principe; vnde orta fallacia à ſimpliciter, & <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ipſe idem Auerroës alibi profeſſus aliquid abſurdi pręſefert: neque enim ſufficit ſpectare vnde <expan abbr="incre-mentũ">incre<lb></lb>mentum</expan> redundet in <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, quod ipſe ſolùm aduertiſſe <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>, ſed auctionis ipſius finis reſpiciendus eſt, & ex <lb></lb>eo <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan> <expan abbr="determinãda">determinanda</expan>: <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> verò quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> in animali, ſunt propter <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>functiones: atqui <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> tale <lb></lb><expan abbr="tãtumq́">tantumque</expan>. </s> <s>corpus expoſcit <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> quo vſura ſit in <expan abbr="obeũdis">obeundis</expan> ſuis officiis: at ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> tale <expan abbr="tantumq́">tantumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit neceſſe eſt; <lb></lb>ergo & partes difformes: ſi verò hę tales <expan abbr="tantęq́">tantęque</expan>. </s> <s>fuerint, vniformes <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ante alias tales eſſe <expan abbr="tantaſq.">tantaſque</expan> opor<lb></lb>tet; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> vniformes <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> gratia <expan abbr="difformiũ">difformium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hę <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <expan abbr="gr̃a">gratia</expan> totius animalis. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> progreſſu <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="vsũ">vsum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõperimus">comperimus</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>dum inueheretur in <expan abbr="Anaxagorã">Anaxagoram</expan>, qui <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> conabatur inducere, <lb></lb>quo <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="auctorẽ">auctorem</expan> <expan abbr="meliorẽ">meliorem</expan> quęrimus? </s> <s><expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> à rei natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> pręſtantiſsima, petiuit. </s> <s>Ideò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit, <lb></lb>vt cùm <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> finis ſit <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> terminus erit auctionis, & <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> actus extremus, ex quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4029"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceſſariò <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, vt per ſe <expan abbr="augeat̃">augeatur</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per accidens, vt exiſtimauit Auerroës, qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> actus ille <lb></lb>eſt, quem perfectum <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formæ vocabat Alexander, cui minimum ſecundùm formam <expan abbr="aduerſat̃">aduerſatur</expan>, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt imperfectum, illud ſcilicet in quo primo conſtituto anima ſubſiſtit, quod ſanè etiam ambigi <lb></lb>poſſet, vtrùm ſit vniforme tantùm, an potius difforme; <expan abbr="videoq́">videoque</expan>. </s> <s>nonnullos cenſuiſſe minimum hoc eſ<lb></lb>ſe difforme, vt opinor, quia maximo & toti oppoſitum ſit, oppoſita verò in eodem genere <expan abbr="collocẽtur">collocentur</expan>: <lb></lb>quare, cùm totum ſit difforme, quod eſt maximum: minimum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> difforme ſit neceſſe eſſe, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>partes minimas vniformes ſimul in vna ſcilicet communitate totius. </s> <s>At mihi ſcrupulum facit id quod <lb></lb>de prima auctione ab admirabili præceptore dici perſpicio: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vult enim carnem augeri primò, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4030"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cor, quod eſt caro ſimpliciter, & ab eo poſteà partes alias proficiſci: ſi hoc eſt, non igitur difforme, ſed <lb></lb>vniforme primum <expan abbr="auget̃">augetur</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco, adhibita diſtinctione Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inſueta, defendo partem <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> pro<lb></lb>blematis: etenim aut in principio, aut in proceſſu <expan abbr="ſpectat̃">ſpectatur</expan> <expan abbr="augmẽtum">augmentum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in principio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> fateor au<lb></lb>geri carnem, quæ pars eſt vniformis; in progreſſu verò vniformes in difformibus &, vt dictum eſt, in <expan abbr="cõ-munitate">con<lb></lb>munitate</expan>; deinde, etiam animaduerſa natura & ſubſtantia cordis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum vniforme ſecundùm <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam; difformè verò ſecundùm figuram. </s> <s>ita & id quod primum augetur, vniforme eſt, nimi<lb></lb>rùm propter ſubſtantiam, ſed figurę beneficio difforme: ob id item mutatio fit inter oppoſita quę ſunt <lb></lb>eiuſdem generis, & ab vniformibus incipit vniuerſa ratio incrementi.</s></p> <pb pagenum="688"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4021"></margin.target>b 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 60.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4022"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4023"></margin.target>c 1. de An. <lb></lb>T. c. 39.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4024"></margin.target>d 2. Coll.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4025"></margin.target>e 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4026"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4027"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4028"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4029"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4030"></margin.target>a 2. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quo fiat auctio ſigillatim exponitur. </s> <s>Caput XXIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4031"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4031"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVOD'NAM verò ſit illud cuius acceſsione maius factum eſſe <expan abbr="dicat̃">dicatur</expan> id quod augetur, ſiquis è <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>quærat; reſpondebimus eſſe alimentum quod quidem in corpus ingeſtum, ſiue ſuctum per <lb></lb>radices, quemadmodum in plantis, ſiue deglutitum per os, vt in animalibus, ab illorum proprio, aut à <lb></lb>calore ſolis affectum propriam amittit eſſentiam, & conuertitur in naturam eius quod augetur, illius <lb></lb>formam accipiens æquè àc ſi humidum ſicco adiiciatur, & ętate procedente ex humido ſiccum fiat: hu<lb></lb>midi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> acceſsione, quod in eius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> conuerſum eſt, auctum erit ſiccum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi interroges iterum <lb></lb>qua ratione id quod augetur, augeatur acceſsione contrarij; debet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> caro fieri maior: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fit alteri<lb></lb>us carnis acceſsione, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> panis, aut alterius cuiuſuis obſonij. </s> <s>Noſce id quo fit auctio, quodammo<lb></lb>do eſſe ſimile, alio <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modo diſsimile: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm primùm offertur, diſsimile: ad extremum verò, quo<lb></lb>niam oblatum <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> transformatum fuit in carnem; ſimile <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Et factum eſt ſimile; quandò erat pote<lb></lb>ſtate tale, quale id quod augendum eſt, eiuſmodi .ſ. </s> <s>quod mixtum foret, & ex materia conſtaret quæ ca<lb></lb>pax eſſet diuerſi temperamenti, quod ſanè pro gradu & proportione ſimplicium repugnantię compos <lb></lb>eſſet: nam quod anteà liquidum fuit, poſteà concreuit; & concretum diſſolutum; & ab eo factum eſt <lb></lb>actu tale, quod tale foret actu, ſeu virtute, & ab anima & calore primò, à carne & ſimili proximè, quia <arrow.to.target n="marg4032"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calor in carne carnem faciat, & in vena venam: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſic omnia primùm ex carne, quae ex corde: Nutri<lb></lb>mentum ergo rei quæ nutrienda eſt, oportet eſſe contrarium, vt illius <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> propria amiſſa ſuſcipiat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter ortus quidam & interitus in auctione intercedit: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> tantùm differt hæc alimenti mutatio <lb></lb>in auctione ab eo quod in ortu mutatur, quae in hoc id quod fit, per ſe fit; in auctione verò accedit alteri <lb></lb>quod prius exiſtebat; & fit in alio quodammodo; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit ex alimento caro ſimpliciter, ſed caro ve<lb></lb>tus maior facta eſt huius acceſsione quod in carnem <expan abbr="mutatũ">mutatum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Modus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & ratio <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> id à natura <lb></lb>præſtatur, quem nuper attigimus, talis afferri ſolet. </s> <s>Etenim fit actu nutrimentum ex eo quod poteſtate <lb></lb>eſt, ab illo quod eiuſmodi eſt actu: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> actu caro facit actu carnem propter virtutem, quam obtinet <lb></lb>immutandi nutrimenti, ſiue ea virtus inſita ſit; ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> influens; nihil hoc loco referat: ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calor in<lb></lb>fluens affert conſimile temperamentum. </s> <s>Ita verò fit actu caro è potentia carne ab actu carne, quoniam <lb></lb>ſecatur in minimas partes alimentum, & cum ipſa carne commiſcetur: <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> verò in minima diuiſum <lb></lb>eſt, cùm carnem tangat, alteratur ab illa, immutatur; & demum in naturam carnis abit, ex quo fit ma<lb></lb>ior illa quæ præcedebat. </s> <s>Vt ſi vino generoſo aquam fingamus infundi; ita vt aqua per vniuerſum mi<lb></lb>gret in minimas, <expan abbr="adeoq́">adeoque</expan>. </s> <s>inſenſiles partes diſsipata; quia verò vinum generoſum ſit, immutet aquam in <lb></lb>ſiu ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> vino præcedenti adiungatur; fit moles maior prioris illius vini; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc ipſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4033"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt auctio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo ſi igni materia noua apponatur, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>à virtute præcedentis ignis <expan abbr="cõ-buſta">con<lb></lb>buſta</expan> mutet <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; erit certè <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> ipſius ignis. </s> <s>Verùm ſi tranſeat aquæ ſubſtantia in vinum pu<lb></lb>treſcens in vite, quemadmodum cecinit quondam Empedocles, aut ligna <expan abbr="flammã">flammam</expan> concipiant non acce<lb></lb>dentia flammæ priori; tum certè illa non erit auctio, ſeu vini, ſiue ignis exiſtimanda, ſed noua <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <lb></lb>productio. </s> <s>Proptereà medici, docent alteratricem facultatem, cuius auctrix eſt pars, fungi trib. officiis <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">προσθέσει, π̀ροσφύσει, ὁμοιώσει</foreign>, appoſitione, agglutinatione & aſsimilatione, quæ ſic perficitur, aucto<lb></lb>re (ni fallor) Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> à ſomno digeſtio facta eſt in corde, & attenuatum alimentum, ac vitali ſpiritu <lb></lb><expan abbr="plenũ">plenum</expan>, ſeu potius in <expan abbr="halitũ">halitum</expan> <expan abbr="transformatũ">transformatum</expan> ex venis commigret in arterias mox poros à vi caloris innari <lb></lb>productos penetrans, quaſi ſpecimen edens ſudoris partib. iam <expan abbr="cõſtitutis">conſtitutis</expan> adhæret; ac cùm fuerit <expan abbr="aqueũ">aqueum</expan>; <lb></lb>vbi <expan abbr="virtutũ">virtutum</expan> caloris declinet, in gelu conuertitur, ſi & efficitur pinguedo, ſi fuerit terreum, ex eo partes <lb></lb>ſolidæ fiunt, quod, tametſi actu eſt <expan abbr="aqueũ">aqueum</expan>, vt facilius per <expan abbr="quemq.">quemque</expan> <expan abbr="meatũ">meatum</expan>, quanuis exilem & <expan abbr="cœcũ">cœcum</expan> diuer<lb></lb>ti poſsit, virtute <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="terreũ">terreum</expan>; & caloris ni concreſcit, & accipit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> partis pro ratione caloris immu<lb></lb>tantis & <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> prædominij quod eſt in ipſo: hoc facto tum nutritio <expan abbr="cõpleta">completa</expan> eſt: ac ſiquid deſit ex <lb></lb>his officiis ingruit <foreign lang="grc">ἀτροφία</foreign>, cuius prima ſpecies <foreign lang="grc">ἀνασάρκα</foreign>, in qua apponitur <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> alimentum, <expan abbr="neu-tiq̃">neu<lb></lb>tiquam</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> cum partib. corporis iungitur, altera vitiligo, <foreign lang="grc">λεύκην</foreign> Græci vocant, & <foreign lang="grc">ἄλφον</foreign> in qua facta con<lb></lb>iunctione ſimilitudinem non accipit alimentum. </s> <s>Porrò bene omnia præſtat non magnus & <expan abbr="vehemẽs">vehemens</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4034"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calor, ſed conueniens & attemperatus; vitia facit & quidem infirmus <foreign lang="grc">ἀνασάρκα</foreign>, nimius (vt puto) viti<lb></lb>liginem, vel in toto vel in parte, quippe quae videatur eſſe colliquatio nutrimento non in carnem ritè <expan abbr="cõ-uerſo">con<lb></lb>uerſo</expan>, ſed in humorem quendam craſſum & ſpumidum diſſoluto, ex cuius compreſsione candor exo<lb></lb>ritur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſit in pectore, vbi magna exiſtit copia caloris, & ſpumidi humoris abundantia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <lb></lb>potiſsima illa vis quæ facit alimentum, non niſi cordi, Ariſt. </s> <s>quidem <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, tribuenda eſt; & vna verè co<lb></lb>ctio ponenda, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem in corde; reliquę <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> coctiones impropriè dicuntur, ſiue affectiones prę<lb></lb>uiæ ad coctionem, ſiue poſt coctionem in corde <expan abbr="adminiſtratã">adminiſtratam</expan> <foreign lang="grc">διὰ τὸν τόπον</foreign> & cauſſa loci, hoc eſt, quae fa<lb></lb>cultas quæ reſidet in corde, in hac vel illa parte ſic temperata ſit, vt faciat os, aut carnem. </s> <s>Sed illud ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis interpretibus in dubium reuocatum fuiſſe ſcio quod ab ipſo exempli cauſſa fuit acceptum <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> explicandum. </s> <s>Vtrùm aqua <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> vini accipiat: quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pro ratione huius loci <expan abbr="tã-tiſper">tan<lb></lb>tiſper</expan> à nob. </s> <s>tractetur. </s> <s>Non me latet complures eius eſſe ſententię, vt id fieri nequeat; verentur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ne ſim<lb></lb>plex mutetur in mixtum, ex quo item negarunt nos aqua nutriri poſſe: ſimplex <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> non con<lb></lb>uerti <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan>, ex eo potiſsimè ſit, quae <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>corpus ſimplex contrarios actus intra ſe vno <expan abbr="eodemq́ue">eodemque</expan> <lb></lb>temporę contineret, qui ad <expan abbr="mixturã">mixturam</expan> conficiendam neceſſariò flagitantur; hoc autem natura non poteſt <lb></lb>pati; cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rationi conſentit & id, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> è ſimplici mixtum ſine mutatione fieri nequit, hæc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <pb pagenum="689"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4035"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inter contraria procedit, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> conſtituitur, & in quę conſtitutum ætatis progreſſu diſſoluitur: <lb></lb>ergo aqua mixtum non ſine ſiccitate efficiet quæ in hac hypotheſi ex alterius <expan abbr="cõtrarij">contrarij</expan> præſentia nequit <lb></lb>accedere. </s> <s>Ergo in eodem ſubiecto contraria conſiſtant oportet. </s> <s>At quicquid ſit de conuerſione aquæ <lb></lb>in vinum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ea ratio conuincit, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ipſi afferunt, nec ea cauſſa eſt, cur nos aqua ſimpliciter non ala<lb></lb>mur. </s> <s>Siquidem ſic ratio refutari poteſt: contraria in eodem ſubiecto conſiſtere, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alterum ſit ex ha<lb></lb>bitu, alterum verò ex paſsione, vt in aqua feruente fieri poſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> abſurdum eſſe. </s> <s>Cauſſa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc, quæ <lb></lb>accipitur ex Meteoris, mihi magis placet, quae vertitur in vaporem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> concreſcit, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non poſſunt ex <lb></lb>ea partes ſolidæ recreari. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> volo accipi ſeorſum, quandò item aquæ cum cæteris alimentis in ter<lb></lb>tium transformari poſsit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita effici <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde Ariſt. </s> <s>iubet iis qui alimento ſicco plurimùm <lb></lb>veſcuntur, vt ruſtici, <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> propinari non <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan>, <expan abbr="Quãuis">Quanuis</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> multis rationib. & experientiis Rondeletius <lb></lb>vir illuſtriſsimus perſuadere conetur ſimplex poſſe nutrire, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> me <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> coget, vtpote qui probè norim <lb></lb><expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> & cætera elementa in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura per <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> conſiſtere: proptereà cùm dicitur aut <lb></lb><expan abbr="talpã">talpam</expan> veſci terra, aut aqua piſces; & <expan abbr="terreũ">terreum</expan> & aquæum eſt; ac piſcib. hoc aquæ genus propter <expan abbr="imbecilli-tatẽ">imbecilli<lb></lb>tatem</expan> caloris, & ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="tenuitatẽ">tenuitatem</expan> ſufficere poteſt; reſpirantib. propter <expan abbr="copiã">copiam</expan> caloris & <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> <expan abbr="craſ-ſitudinẽ">craſ<lb></lb>ſitudinem</expan> ſuppetere nequit, aut ita exiliter, vt eius habenda ſit ratio nulla. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſimplex <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> nu<lb></lb>trit. </s> <s>Verùm hac diſputatione præterita, quae alibi copioſius ea de re diſputatur; ad inſtitutum redeo. </s> <s>Ego <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4036"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò nullam cenſeo <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> eſſe vim <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> vini, & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> in ſui <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="cõuertat">conuertat</expan>, quin potius opinor par<lb></lb>tes vini tenuiores in aquæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> migrare: ſummè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> frigida aqua eſt; at <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan> <expan abbr="q̃tuncunq.">quatuncunque</expan> <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſt <lb></lb>tale remiſsè. </s> <s>Sed nob. </s> <s>id videri poteſt, qui <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan> <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> in vino <expan abbr="factã">factam</expan> eſſe cognoſcimus. </s> <s>qui<lb></lb>nimmo, vbi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> aquæ vino infuſum fuerit; <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan> putreſcit. </s> <s>argumento illud eſt, ex aquæ infuſione <lb></lb>calorem illius eſſe labefactatum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi iubent ij qui de re ruſtica ſcribunt, ad vini conſeruationem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4037"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adiici <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> <expan abbr="marinã">marinam</expan>; <expan abbr="ſummaq́">ſummaque</expan>. </s> <s>laus eſt eius generis, quod ab effectu <foreign lang="grc">τεθαλασσαωμένον</foreign> Græci vocant, at <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſeruationis">conſeruationis</expan> cauſſa ſalſedo ipſa eſt, quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aqua coniuncta, cum qualibet vini parte facilius <expan abbr="cõfundit̃">confunditur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non mutatur eo tempore aqua in <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> vini; ſed vinum appoſitione maius <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt; nec ſim<lb></lb>pliciter totum: <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> huius, quia variabitur calor, vel ab aqua debilitatus, & afflictus, vel etiam à ſale <lb></lb>acrior factus, nec conſeruationis eius cauſſa ab aqua, quatenus huiuſmodi, petenda eſt; verùm à ſale <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>aquæ fuerat inſperſum: proptereà ſufficiat hoc <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> exempligratia appoſitum apud Ariſtotelem apud <lb></lb>quem pro exemplo ſufficere poteſt id, quod ita eſſe apparet, licèt non ita reuera exiſtat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4032"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4033"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4034"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4035"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4036"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4037"></margin.target>Ath. </s> <s>lib. 1.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De ſubiecto auctionis & differentia inter auctionem, & alias eiuſdem generis muta<lb></lb>tiones. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4038"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4038"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVÆ præterea dicuntur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>de auctionis obiecto, ſiue, ſubiecto, pertinent ad indicandum di<lb></lb>ſcrimen inter auctionem, & alteram <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> illi <expan abbr="comitẽ">comitem</expan>, & perneceſſariam nutritionem: <expan abbr="quã-obrem">quam<lb></lb>obrem</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> faciunt multùm ad præſens <expan abbr="inſtitutũ">inſtitutum</expan>, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè aduertenda, quae nutritio cùm alioqui pon<lb></lb>deris maximi ſit in vniuerſa philoſophia naturali, potius ab Ariſt. </s> <s>neglecta, aut certè prętermiſſa, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſe<lb></lb>dulò tractata fuerit, ſiue quae parum, aut nihil à generatione ſubſtantiæ differre reputata ſit; ſiue quae non <lb></lb>potuerit abſolui ſine iis quæ de animalib. & plantis <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>obſeruationib. conſtituenda fuerant, aut <lb></lb>quae <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> verius arbitror; quia ſine alimenti notitia res peragi non poterat: hoc verò pertinebat ad metho<lb></lb>dum de plantis, quippe <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> facultas eſſet tantummodo alens; aut quae peculiari quodam libro <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> <lb></lb>plurib. methodis fuerit <expan abbr="exquiſitũ">exquiſitum</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ad id credendum me inouent Ariſtotelis verba, quæ ſunt <lb></lb>huiuſmodi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Rudius igitur quid <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan> ſit dictum eſt; <expan abbr="explicandũ">explicandum</expan> verò poſterius eſt de ipſo in <arrow.to.target n="marg4039"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propriis ſermonib. talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt eorum ſenſus <foreign lang="grc">τύπῳ μὲν οὖν, τὶς ἐστὶν ἡ τροφὴ, εἴρηται</foreign>: <foreign lang="grc">διασαφητὲον δὲ <lb></lb>ἐστὶν ὓστερον περὶ αὐτῆς ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις λόγοις</foreign>. </s> <s>vt agnoſcas eius animaduerſionem libro quodam pecu<lb></lb>liari ac ſeparato <expan abbr="traditã">traditam</expan> fuiſſe. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud explet <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> <expan abbr="meũ">meum</expan>, quae Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi id ſeorſum perfecturum <lb></lb>ſe polliceatur; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> potius indicarit tractationis neceſsitatem, quaſi eius tractatio peculiare volumen po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4040"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtularet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod ab Ariſt. </s> <s>præſtitum poſteà ſit in methodo naturali, quaſi mutarit conſilium <expan abbr="cõmo-dioris">commo<lb></lb>dioris</expan> doctrinæ gratia; & id quod ſeorſum tractare inſtituiſſet, propter vim methodi contulerit alio; <expan abbr="id-q́ue">id<lb></lb>que</expan> confecerit in libris de ortu animalium, vbi multa de natura illius facultatis, de ſubiecto & ratione <lb></lb>nutriendi ſunt expoſita, quandoquidem ibi abſolutam non fuiſſe <expan abbr="tractationẽ">tractationem</expan> illam ipſemet Ariſt. </s> <s>no<lb></lb>bis ſignificat, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> moneat ea quæ de auctione fuerint tùm in libris de generatione, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> 2. de An. at<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4041"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que item in libris de ortu <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> enarrata, non fuiſſe abſoluta, ſed prætereà requirere accurationem <lb></lb>tractationem hoc eſt, minus <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan>: quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> clarius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> hæc quæ ex ipſo ſubſcribentur? </s> <s><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ſenſus hic <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>Accuratius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de hac cauſſa poſteà dicendum in iis quæ de auctione & alimento. </s> <s>inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <foreign lang="grc">Aκρι<lb></lb>βέστερον δὲ περί τῆς τοιαύτης αἰτίας ὓστερον λεκτεον ἐν τοῖς περί ἀυξήσεως καὶ τροφῆς</foreign> igitur & à no<lb></lb>bis ſiquid auxilij contribui poterit ad eius notitiam, non <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> à re noſtra, non erit fortaſſe negligen<lb></lb>dum. </s> <s>Ante alia verò nob. </s> <s>adnotanda quædam in generatione quanti <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtantiæ, quòd vtræque <lb></lb>circa ſingularia fiunt, ea ſanè circum hæc quanta, hæc verò circum has <expan abbr="ſubſtãtias">ſubſtantias</expan>, quemadmodum reli<lb></lb>quæ actiones <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, ita vt ſint <expan abbr="compoſitorũ">compoſitorum</expan>, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> vnius, quatenus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt: materia <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe iners eſt, <lb></lb>à forma pendet <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actus; ab actu verò actio. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aliud nihil actio eſt, quàm actus ſecundus agentis, <lb></lb>qui prodit ex actu primo & habitu: at forma ſine materia non conſiſtit, vbi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> forma extitit ex mate<lb></lb>ria, iam adeſt compoſitum, & ſingulare quod ipſum quidem agit hoc per hanc formam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi fue <pb pagenum="690"></pb>rit forma per ſe conſiſtens, & ſuapte natura ſecreta à materia; functio ipſius eſt, quæ vna <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt, non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4042"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt vnius indiuidui: quandò per materiam non definitur, ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vt vnius ſubſtantiæ, quæ tametſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <lb></lb>vnum vt indiuiduum vnum; at eſt natura vna, ſiue eſſentia vna, incommunicabilis. </s> <s>Cæterùm eſt, quae ad<lb></lb>uertamus, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi ſubſtantia, & <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> in eo conueniant, quia ſingularia, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="cõia">conia</expan> fiant: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>è ſub<lb></lb>iectis ſingularib. non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="cõibus">conibus</expan> attamen ita opinione hominum diſcrepare, quia quantum fit ex hoc <lb></lb>non quanto, quod eſt aliud quidem, ſed ſemper eſt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>: at homo ita fit ex non homine, vt nonmo<lb></lb>dò non ſit hic homo, <expan abbr="verumetiã">verumetiam</expan> non ſit homo ſimpliciter: ita vt illud, ex quo ſubſtantia fit, & numero <lb></lb>& ſpecie, id verò quod fit ex quanto, numero ſolùm, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpecie diſtinguatur. </s> <s>Neque verò vulgus <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστασὶαν</foreign> terminorum concipit in quanto; nec ſpecie diſtinguit id quod in altero manet veluti pars. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter in auctione cùm duæ ſint mutationes, altera ſecundùm ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb>quantum, quatenus caro mutatur ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, fit quidem ex aliquo, quod ſpecie non diſtingui<lb></lb>tur, nimirùm ex quanto, non ſanè ex eo quod prius aderat, numero <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> differt: ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> quanto: fit <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> è <lb></lb>non carne, non ſolùm, quia non eſſet eadem ad numerum caro cum ea quæ creſcit, verùm ne caro qui<lb></lb>dem foret, ſed aut ſanguis, aut aliud quippiam. </s> <s>Quærenti verò cauſſam huiuſce differentiæ Philopono <lb></lb>ſuccurrit illud, quòd diceret id ex eo proficiſci, quòd mutatio quanti ſemper deſiderat treis dimenſio<lb></lb>nes, quæ ſanè non variantur in tranſmutatione ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, ſed eædem perpetuò manent <expan abbr="obtinẽ-">obtinen<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4043"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes locum materiæ: quaſi ſignificet in ſubſtantiæ tranſmutatione <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> non manere: quare <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſpecie variari ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Verùm tametſi nos eo nomine <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> Philoponi plurib. antehac agitaui<lb></lb>mus, quòd faceret corpus qualitatis expers, hoc verò idem fuit àc dimenſio, materiam <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> tranſ<lb></lb>mutationis ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>: at hîc eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quae ipſum acriter reprehendamus: quia vult item ipſe, <expan abbr="q̃-uis">qua<lb></lb>uis</expan> naturæ <expan abbr="veriq́">verique</expan>. </s> <s>non ſordidus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſpernendus auctor, treis <expan abbr="dimẽſiones">dimenſiones</expan> eſſe ſubiectum in generatio<lb></lb>ne elementorum, & locum materiæ proximę occupare: non igitur ſpecie diſcernerentur elementa in<lb></lb>ter ſe: par eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mutationis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ratio: ſiquidem hîc materia proxima eſt, & eſt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>: ideò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fit <lb></lb>mutatio ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> in quanto: ita ibi eſt materia proxima, & ſubſtantia. </s> <s>quapropter eodem mo<lb></lb>do <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fit mutatio ſecundùm ſpeciem in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Prætereà dictum eſt olim variari quantitatem pro<lb></lb>terminis ipſis, vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi reſtent materies & dimenſio, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> alia quanti ſpecies eſt; quippe quae non à mate<lb></lb>ria, ſed à terminis ratio <expan abbr="denominatioq́">denominatioque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpeciei ſumatur. </s> <s>At verò ſi ſe res ſic habet, nullum igitur interce<lb></lb>dit diſcrimen inter <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> & ſecundùm quantum; fiet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimiliter & <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ac ſpecie diuerſum, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſubſtantia; <expan abbr="perperamq́">perperamque</expan>. </s> <s>procedit Ariſtotelica comparatio inter <lb></lb><expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> ſubſtantię & quanti: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pares termini (id quod recta comparatio poſtulat) aſſumpti <expan abbr="erũt">erunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſubſtantia ſpecialis erit, <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> verò vt genus, nec vniuersè, ſanè, ſed ſub eiuſmodi termino qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4044"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõitatem">conitatem</expan> generis deſignet: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pugnant hæc, vt ſiquis diceret hoc animal, & hoc corpus, ac ſi acce<lb></lb>pta fuiſſet ſpecies quantitatis, vt bicubita, ſubſtantia verò vt genus, profectò canonem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Ariſtote<lb></lb>licum inuertere licuiſſet, nempe quantum hoc fieri ex hoc non quanto, quod numero & ſpecie differ<lb></lb>ret: ſubſtantiam verò è non <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, quæ numero <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpecie ſepararetur. </s> <s>Ita igitur bicubi<lb></lb>tum nonmodò fit ex hoc non bicubito, ſed bicubitum ſimpliciter ex non bicubito item ſimpliciter, & <lb></lb>ſubſtantia <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan>, nonmodò hæc ex hac ſubſtantia, ſed ſubſtantia ſimpliciter è non ſubſtantia conſimili. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proptereà, vt error omnis eripiatur, dicerem Ariſt. </s> <s>conſuluiſſe rei naturam, quæ talis eſt, quantitatem <lb></lb>per ſe in auctione ſeruari, quia tanto dicitur aliquid auctum eſſe, <expan abbr="maiusq́">maiusque</expan>. </s> <s>factum, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt id quod <lb></lb>acceſsit, vt ſi carni bicubitum adijcias, excreuit caro, <expan abbr="factaq́">factaque</expan>. </s> <s>maior eſt bicubito, quo fit, vt auctionis ra<lb></lb>tio bicubitum <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> ſit, cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in ea ſubſtantia quæ accedit, forma & ſpecies immutetur. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>id quod à nob. </s> <s>contra Ariſt. </s> <s>dictum eſt, obtinet veritatem in tranſmutatione quanti quæ fit ſine acceſ<lb></lb>ſione materiæ, <expan abbr="verbaq́">verbaque</expan>. </s> <s>Ariſtotelis in eo loco generatim accipienda non ſunt, verùm pro ſubiecta mate<lb></lb>ria. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis opponat auctionem notare mutationem ſecundùm quantum, reſpondebimus eam <lb></lb>ſignificare talem mutationem in eo quod augetur. </s> <s>nos autem illius habere ſolùm rationem, ex quo <lb></lb>auctio fiat, hoc verò per ſe ipſum non mutatur ſecundùm quantum, ſed accedens ei quod augetur ter<lb></lb>minos ipſius immutat, <expan abbr="tantoq́ue">tantoque</expan> ipſum adauget, quantum ipſum eſt.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4045"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4039"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 50.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4040"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4041"></margin.target>b 5. de Ge. <lb></lb>anim. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4042"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4043"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4044"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4045"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ affinitas inter auctionem, & cæteras eiuſdem generis mutationes intercedat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX eo verò cognoſcetur potiſsimùm, quid ſit auctio, quid nutritio. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi ſine nutritione au<lb></lb>ctio fieri nequit, tamen ratione ſeparantur. </s> <s>Etenim duo ſpectantur in auctione, quantitas eius <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>apponitur, & forma. </s> <s>quantum ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> pertinet, vbi forma carnis accedat ſine quantitate, nutritio fit; <lb></lb>auctio verò tum pręſtatur, vbi quantitas cum forma carnis addatur. </s> <s>Vnde id quo fit auctio, cùm ſumi <lb></lb>poſsit, aut vt tale, aut vt <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, quatenus tale, id eſt, quo nutritio conficitur; quatenus <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> id eſt quo <lb></lb>fit auctio. </s> <s>Ne credamus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> carnis ſine quantitate conſiſtere, ſicuti contrà nec ſine carne quanti<lb></lb>tatem, ſed in auctione quantitas in carne ſubſiſtit, in nutritione item caro cum quantitate: differt hoc, <lb></lb>quae in nutritione tanta eſt, quanta poſsit conſeruare <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> eius quod nutriri oportet, nec amplius <lb></lb>quicquam cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corpus noſtrum exhauriatur aſsiduè à calore innato; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam egeat refe<lb></lb>ctione & reſtauratione humidi, ſiue interni, quod animalib. in prima ſui productione contingit; & iis <lb></lb>item, quæ hyeme degunt in latebris, quæ Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">φωλεύοντα</foreign> nuncupauit, ſiue extrinſeci; id quod eue<lb></lb>nit plantis & animalib. iam perfectis; vbi humidum quod reſtituitur, <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> id quod col <pb pagenum="691"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4046"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lapſum eſt; nulla mutatio ſit ſecundùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> ſubſtantiam ſolam: vbi verò maius ſit id <lb></lb>quod accedit, quàm id quod de corpore detritum eſt; non ſolùm fit mutatio ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; ve<lb></lb>rùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quantum. </s> <s>fit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maius id quod nutritur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa propriè nutritio; hæc verò auctio per<lb></lb>hibetur. </s> <s>Idcirco, quanuis in quantitate forma carnis inſit; nihilominus animaduertitur in ipſa nutritio<lb></lb>ne, ac ſi foret ſine quantitate: verùm in auctione quantitatis ipſius habetur ratio; licèt non per ſe, ſed <lb></lb>quatenus eſt in carne. </s> <s>Hæc eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> te docuit elegantiſsimo carmine Lucretius.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4046"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Nam quæcunque vides hilari grandeſcere ad auctu</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Paullatimq́">Paullatimque</expan>. </s> <s>gradus ętatis ſcandere adultæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Plura ſibi adſumunt, quàm de ſe corpora mittunt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dum facilè in venas cibus omnis diditur, & dum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Non ita ſunt latè diſperſa, vt multa remittant<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et plus diſpendi faciant, quàm veſcitur ętas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nam certè fluere, atque recedere corpora rebus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Multa, manus dandum est; ſed plura accedere debent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Donicum oleſcendi ſummum tetigere cacumen<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Inde immutatim vires, & corpus adultum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Frangit, & in partem peiorem liquitur ætas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quippe etenim quanto est res amplior, augmine dempto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et quo latior eſt in cunctas vndique partes</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Plura eò diſpergit, & à ſe corpora mittit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4047"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4047"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Differt igitur à nutritione incrementum ratione duntaxat, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſubiecto: nam caro, quatenus huiuſ<lb></lb>modi, nutrit ſolùm, quatenus caro quanta, non modò nutrit, ſed auget <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>: nam ſic eſt tum caro in nu<lb></lb>tritione, quanuis in materia ſit, & cum quantitate, ac ſi foret ab <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ſecreta: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> efficit <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> <lb></lb>beneficio quantitatis, quae ſi cum quantitate ſpectetur ea caro quæ prius operabatur ſine materia, & tan<lb></lb>quam forma, facultasúe materiæ expers; cùm poteſtate quanta ſit; euenit, vt maiores ſint formæ carnis, <lb></lb>impropriè quidem ea quæ accedit, propriè verò cui fit acceſsio. </s> <s>Quemadmodum verò idem ſubiecto <lb></lb>ſunt, & id quod nutritur, & augetur, & quo nitritur, & augetur item; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> auctio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & nutritio; pa<lb></lb>ri ratione virtutes, quarum hęc ſunt ſubiecta, aut inſtrumenta; ſubiecto eaſdem eſſe oportet, ratione au<lb></lb>tem differentes. </s> <s>Quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ratio eiuſdem, & diuerſi <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> accipienda ſit, non ſatis fortaſſe conſtat: quam<lb></lb>obrem vt ſuperuacaneæ operæ futurum fuerit plura de ſuperioribus adnotare; hæc <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, quæ ad hunc lo<lb></lb>cum adſcribentur, non ſunt cuiuis fortaſſe notiſsima: videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ita eſſe accipienda conuenientiæ di<arrow.to.target n="marg4048"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſconuenientiæq́">ſconuenientiæque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio, vt autrix referatur ad nutrientem; quippe quae ſine nutriente ſeruari non poſsit: ta<lb></lb>men ab ipſa ſeparetur, quatenus nihil rei nutrici cum quantitate: auctrix <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proximè <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> in<lb></lb>tuetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> idem his ipſis virtutib. accidit, quod ſentienti & phantaſiæ: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eodem <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> ſubiecto <lb></lb>conſiſtunt: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> hæc obiecta interna reſpicit; illa verſatur in externis. </s> <s>Putauit Pomponatius talem eſſe <lb></lb>coniunctionem nutricis & auctricis, vt ſemper ab actu viuentis ad eius interitum auctrix cum alente <lb></lb>coniuncta eſſet; & certè ab initio ſemper auctrix adeſt alenti: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> exoritur cum quantitate perfecta, <lb></lb>hoc eſt, cum ea quæ ſuæ formæ debetur. </s> <s>hæc verò auctionis auxilio comparanda eſt; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quæ <lb></lb>naſcuntur in vtero, propter anguſtiam loci perfectam quantitatem conſequi non potuerunt: & alibi <lb></lb>propter inopiam materię, ſeu caloris <expan abbr="infirmitatẽ">infirmitatem</expan>, qui in materia molli exiſtens, adhuc <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> valet. </s> <s>Quæ <lb></lb>naſcuntur per aſplantationem, quoniam ſunt partes abſciſſæ à toto, carent <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> debita quantitate, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> pars <lb></lb>integralis ſolùm, vt aiunt, ea ſit, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> totum: verùm ætate <expan abbr="procedẽte">procedente</expan> debeat fieri totum, tum quo ad <lb></lb>materiam, quia <expan abbr="paruũ">paruum</expan>; tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quo ad acquiſitionem partium <expan abbr="reliquarũ">reliquarum</expan>, quæ complent <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>: quia ſunt <lb></lb>inſtrumenta viuentis. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>huiuſce rei cauſſam <expan abbr="generalẽ">generalem</expan> tradidit inquiens. </s> <s>Materialia princi<lb></lb>pia generationis eſſe valde humida: quare ab illis ſuffocari calidum innatum: oportet ergo deſiccari, <lb></lb>quod quidem extentio ipſa conſequitur; id quod ita euenire puto. (hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> addo de meo) quòd humi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4049"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum conſumi contingit dupliciter, vel quae à calore exhauriatur; vel quae ſicco terreo temperetur: at prio<lb></lb>re modo humidum conſumptum minui ſolet conuerſum in halitum & abiens per inſenſilem perſpi<lb></lb>ratum, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ex aqueo fit <expan abbr="aëreũ">aëreum</expan>, quod cùm careat conſiſtentia, <expan abbr="facillimèq́">facillimèque</expan>. </s> <s>diffletur, non eſt <lb></lb>nutrire idoneum, altero <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modo neceſſariò fit prolixius: ita igitur à calore fit humoris extentio, quae <lb></lb>ortus noſtri primordia ſatis aquea ſunt, & in aërem aptè tranſmutantur, & cùm terreo mixta per ali<lb></lb>mentum in pingue quoddam & oleoſum conuertuntur, quod eſt vitæ fundamentum: id actu liqui<lb></lb>dum eſt, tamen poteſtate terrenum & conſtans: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> maiorem molem contrahit ſimul, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conſer<lb></lb>uat: & certè hoc modo potiſsimè auctio miniſtratur. </s> <s>At in ætatis proceſſu, quemadmodum infra li<lb></lb>quebit, vis nutriens quantitatem afferre non poteſt, ſed reparat tantum id quod amiſſum eſt; & ad ex<lb></lb>tremum reficere nequit, quantum fuit dilapſum. </s> <s>Nam quod accipitur ex Ariſtotele ſeniora fieri cor<lb></lb>pulentiora, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> è Theophraſto plantas augeri in ſenectute, vel crocodilum, vel vrſum, quem creſce<lb></lb>re aiunt <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad extremum ſenium, contra <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliqua animalia faciant; quantum eſt de dicto Ariſtote<lb></lb>lis, interpretamur ſic, ne auctionem in ſenio fieri perſuadeamur, corpulentiam illam fieri ex excremen<lb></lb>tis pituitoſis, quæ remanent indigeſta; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex vtili nutrimento quod in partes viuentis iam abierit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat quia pinguedo fiat, quæ pars ſit viuentis: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars eſt ſimpliciter, ſed cum modo quo<lb></lb>dam; nec prorſus vtilis ad vitam, ſed via ad interitum: aduerſatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ipſa naturæ animalis, quippe <pb pagenum="692"></pb>quæ impediat ſenſum & reſpirationem: atqui auctio à natura inſtituta eſt, modò ritè procedat, vt for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4050"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma conuenientes ſibi functiones edere queat. </s> <s>Proptereà ſeduli paſtores equos admiſſarios ante ipſa <lb></lb>tempora initus pingui ſolido & concreto diſtendere ſtudent, & herbas florentes offerunt; farra & dul<lb></lb>cis aquæ copiam ſuggerunt, vt labori venereo ſuperſint.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4048"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4049"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4050"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Ipſa autem macie tentant armenta volentes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Atque vbi concubitus primos iam nota voluptas</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sollicitat, <expan abbr="frondesq́ue">frondesque</expan> negant; & fontibus arcent:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sępe etiam curſu quatiunt, & ſole fatigant<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cùm grauiter tonſis gemit area frugibus & cùm</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Surgentem ad Zephyrum paleæ iactantur inanes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Hoc faciunt nimio ne luxu obtuſior vſus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sit genitali aruo, & ſulcos oblimet inertes:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sed rapiat ſitiens venerem, <expan abbr="interiusq́ue">interiusque</expan> recondat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> verò cauſſa melior reddi poterit, nimirùm quae meatus materiæ fœtus peruij reddantur: vtamur <lb></lb>tamen euentu. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> obſeruatur in piceis, quas Græci <foreign lang="grc">δᾷδας</foreign> appellant, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tædas Latini, quæ <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4051"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vbi multum humoris oleoſi & pinguis per venas arborum illarum tranſuehatur; & calorem ſuffocans <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4052"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſas extinguat, aut ſeniora comparatè exponemus; non quia vetuſta ſint; ſed quae ætate aliquantum pro<lb></lb>uecta: veruntamen extrema vitæ pars affert deminutionem. </s> <s>Fieri fortè poteſt, vt tempus deminutio<lb></lb>nis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> crementi breuius ſit: nam quæ durioris ſunt concretionis, vt difficilius extenduntur; ſic contra<lb></lb>huntur facilius: huic ſimile quiddam plantis & crocodilo euenire ſi dixerim; cùm ſit animal, chartila<lb></lb>gineum, quis me iure confutare poterit? </s> <s>Adde & alteram cauſſam, ex pituitę, videlicet, copia ſimilitu<lb></lb>dinem incrementi. </s> <s>Poſteriorem dubitationem ſoluebat Theophraſtus inquiens, eam non eſſe verè au<lb></lb>ctionem; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> fieri, quippen nec in radicib. aut trunco, ſed in ramis; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>potius eſſe <lb></lb>nouam plantæ nouellæ generationem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> veteris incrementum: in illis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeorſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vitalis ineſt fa<lb></lb>cultas qua producere ſibi ſimile poſſunt; cuius <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> rei ſignum attulit; quandò item condita in vrceis aſ<lb></lb>plantata vere appetente prægerminant. </s> <s>& habent maxima pars plantarum vim in ſeipſis generandi; vt <lb></lb>quercus viſcum; & fœtus à radicib. edunt. </s> <s>Ita non auctio illa, niſi quodammodò, & per <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> <lb></lb>quandam. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> nititur Pomponatius placitum ſuum ex eo tueri, quae auctricem vocat eam <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> <lb></lb>quæ abſolutè <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> reſpicit, ſiue maius fuerit, ſiue æquale, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> minus; decipitur; tùm quia vis ipſa <lb></lb>genitrix, quae ſine quanto non efficit (certa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magnitudo requiritur, in qua forma conſiſtat) auctrix eſ<lb></lb>ſet: & auctrix ab initio foret, quæ, niſi ætate procedente, non exiſtit; tùm etiam, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>vim nutrien<lb></lb>di quantitatem non reſpicere teſtatus eſt.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4053"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4051"></margin.target>a Theoph.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4052"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4053"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum nutrìx & auctrix diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Caput XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB his quæ nuper expoſita ſunt, concludere licet tres eſſe facultates auctricem, alentem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="gi-gnentẽ">gi<lb></lb>gnentem</expan>, quæ eodem ſubiecto fundentur, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ratione ſeiungantur: at nos miſſa gignente dicamus <lb></lb>de reliquis; præſertim quae auctrix ab alente <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſeparatur, & ſine ipſa nihil omnino poteſt. </s> <s>De his au<lb></lb>tem, quae in eodem ſubiecto inſint, dubium non eſt: quae ratione diſtinguantur, ita declarat Philoſophus: ſi<lb></lb>quidem nutriendo ſimile reparatur; nec vlla ratio quantitatis habetur: in auctione verò ſimile ſanè <lb></lb>accedit; ſed aliquid quantitatis apportat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Verũtamen">Veruntamen</expan> hæc omnia melius; ſi ſtatuamus vniuerſum opus <lb></lb>altricis in alimenti mutatione verſari, in qua quidem re conuenit ipſi cum gignente; <expan abbr="ſoloq́ue">ſoloque</expan> hoc ipſo <lb></lb>cernuntur: nam gignens dat aliam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> numero differentem. </s> <s>ſuam verò alens impertitur; qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>ductus Albertus aſſerebat ab altrice <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> ſpeciem non produci; <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> in alio faciat, non abſo<lb></lb>lutum. </s> <s>Eadem quæ conuertit alimentum, ſi plus (à robore <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proficiſcitur) transformet in rei ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fuerit diſsipatum; auctio vocatur. </s> <s>quapropter eadem reuera altrix erit, & auctrix, robore ſo<lb></lb>lùm differentes; & alens eo tempore auctrix optimo iure dicetur, quo plus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> prius adeſſet; mutabit in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4054"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rei ſubſtantiam quæ nutritur. </s> <s>& hoc eſt quod teſtatus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>auctricem ab alente non ſubiecto, ſed <lb></lb>ratione diſiungi: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eadem facultas alet & augebit: ſed hoc faciet, vbi cùm ſit robuſtior; in rei nu<lb></lb>triendæ <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> plus alimenti conuertat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> collapſum fuerit; alet ſolùm, ſicubi tantundem reficiat. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò animæ <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> creditur eſſe calor; in ipſo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> viuente maximè <expan abbr="apparẽt">apparent</expan> opera caloris; <lb></lb>quippe motus alimenti ad circunferentiam corporis, humidorum exiccatio, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>concretio, quæ <lb></lb>terrea ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic non elementarius, quemadmodum exiſtimauit Empedocles, cùm inter elementa <lb></lb>ſolùm ignem perſpiceret in ſui ſubſtantiam conuertere res oblatas, & accipere alimentum: qua<lb></lb>propter ali etiam tribuit vulgus igni. </s> <s>Itaque illud.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4054"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>-Eſt mollis flamma medullas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>& illud alterum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Mollis alit flammas; grandior aura necat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et certè hoc officium quo fungitur ignis, dum ſe conſeruare ſtudet, ad viuens videtur eſſe tranſlatum, <lb></lb>& cum eo calore qui proprius eſt animantis, mirificè conuenire: ſiquidem ſpecies ignis tantummo<lb></lb>dò permanet, partes eius aſsiduè mutantur, in viuente remanet eadem forma ſimpliciter: atqui calor <lb></lb>in nob. </s> <s>eum planè imitatur continuè pabulo conſumpto delabens, eo ſolo diſtinctus ab igni, quae tempe<lb></lb>ratus eſt, & appetitu quodam naturali funtionib. animæ ſeruit, quia remiſsior, etiam terminos habet <pb pagenum="693"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4055"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſui progreſſus. </s> <s>Cæterùm etſi non permanet calor (tametſi hoc dubitabitur) nihilominus animalis per<lb></lb>manentiæ non officit, quae vita in partib. ſolidis & conſiſtentib. collocatur. </s> <s>At verò cùm ali præſeferat <lb></lb>quoddam ſpecimen ſalutis quæ propter ſolidarum partium conſiſtentiam exiſtit in viuente, non au<lb></lb>tem in igni, vox illa viuentium propria facta eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>accuſatur Empedocles; quippe quòd <lb></lb>ignis modum non habeat; <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> verò, quæ viuunt certa ſit magnitudo & paruitas: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè, quae in om<lb></lb>nem dimenſionem fundatur (vt <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ferunt) quia ſic non repugnaret incremento, quod fieri vult in <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> partes, ſed quòd ſe certis terminis non obſtringat, aut iis ſaltem, qui videntur eſſe viuentium. </s> <s>Ignis <lb></lb>igitur in viuente non eſt calor ille natiuus, ſed moderatus; nihilominus illum imitatur, dum alieno cor<lb></lb>pore depaſcitur; & eo conſumpto conquaſſatur: igitur alimentum flagitat, & cùm ab initio ſit illi <expan abbr="cõ-trarium">con<lb></lb>trarium</expan>, ab hoc aſsiduè oppugnatur, vt longiore proceſſu temporis & labefactetur, & ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> non <lb></lb>poſsit tantum alimenti conficere, quantum valeat ad augendum; ſed tantundem reſtauret, quantum <lb></lb>dilapſum erat; mox afflictus <expan abbr="tantundũ">tantundum</expan> reponere nequeat, ex quo ſequitur illi oppoſitum decremen<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Ita igitur aſſerimus alentem augentem ſola ratione diſtingui: verùm, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> vbi hæc nos admo<lb></lb>net Ariſt. </s> <s>obſcurè <expan abbr="varièq́">varièque</expan>. </s> <s>nonnulla ſunt poſita, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia de harum facultatum diſtinctione dubitantur <lb></lb>ab aliis, non erit, opinor, ineptum ſi locum illuſtrare & enodare dubitata conemur. </s> <s>Etenim vetus tra<lb></lb>latio longè diſcedit ab ea lectione, quam Græci agnoſcunt: nam pro eo, quod eſt, <foreign lang="grc">ὥσπερ αὔλος δυν́α<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4056"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>μίς τις εστὶν ἐν ὕ̂λῃ</foreign> ſic habet. </s> <s>“Similiter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> organum.” <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> nob. </s> <s>anſam præbet excogi<lb></lb>tandi quippiam ad <expan abbr="purgandũ">purgandum</expan> à macula, ſiqua inhæſerit, codicem Græcum. </s> <s>Prætereà vbi legitur <foreign lang="grc">οὗ τοι <lb></lb>ἔσονται μείζους αὔλοι</foreign> nemo docet apertè de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nam reb. loquatur Ariſt. </s> <s>nam videtur Philoponus <lb></lb>ex Alexandro locum interpretari ad hunc ſenſum, vt hi <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> accedit <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan>, ſeu caro, ſiue os, in qui<lb></lb>bus eſt quantitas, fiant maiores immateriales; augeantur ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, aliena ſanè locutio; & illi <lb></lb>deficit, ad quod referatur ea vox <foreign lang="grc">οὖτοι</foreign>, quæ eſt pronomen demonſtratiuum. </s> <s>Quidam in neutro refe<lb></lb>runt dicentes. </s> <s>“Hæc fient maiora.” cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> Græca vox prolata ſit in genere maris, & quanuis aliquando <lb></lb>notatus fuerit hic lapſus in texib. Ariſtotelicis, at quandò commodè vitari poteſt; non eſt, quae à nob. </s> <s>fre<lb></lb>quenter vſurpetur, quod item me diſſuadet, quominus hîc admittam, de hac ipſa re Græcos interpre<lb></lb>tes verborum diligentiſsimos ne <expan abbr="ſuſpicionẽ">ſuſpicionem</expan> quidem vel tenuiſsimam habere. </s> <s>Alij ad formam <expan abbr="referũt">referunt</expan> <lb></lb>vt Perionius, quaſi ea ſententia ſit. </s> <s>“Erunt maiores ſine materia formæ.” Sed apud Græcos forma duplici <lb></lb>voce <expan abbr="notat̃">notatur</expan>, <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ εἴδους</foreign>, quod eſt neutri generis, & <foreign lang="grc">τῆς μορφῆς</foreign>, fœminę. </s> <s>quapropter cum illis non con<lb></lb>uenit <foreign lang="grc">οὗτοι</foreign>, qui eſt maris. </s> <s>Non deſunt qui ad facultates, ſed itidem <foreign lang="grc">δὺναμις</foreign> eſt fœminæ: aliqui ad par<lb></lb>tes, at Græcis <foreign lang="grc">μέρη</foreign>, vel <foreign lang="grc">μόρια</foreign> neutro nomine nuncupantur, aut <foreign lang="grc">μοῖραι</foreign> nomine fœminæ. </s> <s>Video maio<lb></lb>res noſtros immutato accentu legiſſe <foreign lang="grc">αὐλὸς</foreign>, quæ eſt fiſtula, quod item confirmare videtur vetuſta tra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4057"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>latio, cùm legitur. </s> <s>Similiter quodcunque organum. </s> <s>Veruntamen & alia lectionem <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> oppugnant, <lb></lb>tum quòd adiectum eſt, <foreign lang="grc">δυν́αμις</foreign>, quæ non conuenit <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> altera <foreign lang="grc">αὐλὸς</foreign>, tum quòd manet fiſtula, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit <lb></lb>maior; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> exemplum non eſſet idoneum, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd in numerum multitudinis tranſitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item <lb></lb>vllum veſtigium videtur extare eiuſmodi lectionis. </s> <s>Adijciam ego hîc ſuſpicionem meam, eiuſmodi ta<lb></lb>men, vt ea tollatur omnis huius loci ſalebroſitas, quam ſiquis non probabit, <expan abbr="ſuſq́">ſuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>habebo, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>li<lb></lb>benter aſſentiar, qui à me diſſentiens <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> afferet <expan abbr="probabiliorẽ">probabiliorem</expan>, vt .ſ. </s> <s>pro eo, quod dicitur <foreign lang="grc">οὗτοι</foreign>, lega<lb></lb>mus <foreign lang="grc">οὓτω</foreign>, id eſt, ſic parua <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> facta mutatione: reliquas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> voces referamus ad carnes proximè, <lb></lb>remotius ad facultates, <foreign lang="grc">σάρκες</foreign>, inquam, & <foreign lang="grc">δυνάμεις</foreign>, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cum congruit ea vox <foreign lang="grc">αὔλοι</foreign>, quæ eſt mari <lb></lb><expan abbr="fœminæq́">fœminæque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>: carnes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſunt ea quę accedit, & illa, cui fit acceſsio quæ ſanè ſunt ſine materia, qua<lb></lb>tenus ſeſe non obſtringunt legib. quantitatis, quòd in nutritione ſpectantur nulla habita ratione quan<lb></lb>titatis; facultates verò, quæ inſunt aut partib. corporis, aut <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> carni ea .ſ. </s> <s>ratione qua prius cum <expan abbr="quã-titate">quan<lb></lb>titate</expan> nil affinitatis habuerant, quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſunt ſine materia, quatenus manu ſub pluri, aliàs ſub pauciore <lb></lb>materia conſiſtunt, nec vlli certæ quantitati ſeſe addicunt, ſed planè de <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> genere carnis ibi tracta<lb></lb>bat Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & ad proximè antecedentia referetur Ariſtotelica phraſis, nec vlla ſtructuræ inconcin<lb></lb>nitas conſequetur. </s> <s>At verò, etſi ex his <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> eaſdem has eſſe quoquo pacto facultates, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>inſtru<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4058"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mento, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> deſunt vti qui ipſas nihiloſecius <expan abbr="opinent̃">opinentur</expan> eſſe diuerſas hiſce rationib. perſuaſi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam termi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4059"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ni motuum ſolent arguere facultates mouentes, cum actu quale fiat ab actu quali, & actu quantum ab <lb></lb>actu quanto. </s> <s>quare ſi iidem termini fuerint, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> facultas erit habenda, & contrà non eadem, <lb></lb>ſi diuerſi: arbitror <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſic illos exiſtimare, vt ſubiecto item diuerſæ facultates futuræ ſint, aliter nullus <lb></lb>eſſet huiuſmodi argumentorum fructus. </s> <s>Sed termini motus qui fiunt ab alente & ab auctrice diuer<lb></lb>ſi ſunt, ſiquidem altio ſubſtantia terminatur, auctio verò magnitudine. </s> <s>Prætereà diuerſa inſtrumenta, <lb></lb>niſi ſubſeruientia fuerint, & aliud ex alio aptum, diuerſas ſignificant facultates: atqui noſtrarum facul<lb></lb>tatum inſtrumenta non eadem eſſe conſtat: non calor qui auctricis eſt inſtrumentum, longè robuſtior <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ille qui eſt inſtrumentum altricis. </s> <s>Rurſus altricis ſubiectum eſt poteſtate ens; auctricis verò eſt <lb></lb>actu. </s> <s>Poſtremò quorum tempora diuerſa, ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diuerſa ſunt, altricis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> auctricis tempora di<lb></lb>uerſa ſunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alentis perpetua ſunt officia, auctrix in ætatis vigore ſuo munere defungitur. </s> <s>Ad hęc <lb></lb>Philoponus ita dicebat: nam ſtatuebat eaſdem eſſe tres iſtas facultates, alentem, augentem, & generan<lb></lb>tem, quia .ſ. </s> <s>vnus eſſet exitus omnib. <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>, nimirùm productio ſimilis, & in eo ſpeciei tutela: ſed eum <lb></lb>proximè gignens attingeret, reliquæ <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> remotè. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cenſuit Auicenna. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Sed ad eas item vel <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4060"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iungendas, vel diſtinguendas plurimùm valere puto obiectum & functiones, per quæ ſolent definiri <lb></lb>facultates; & hæc definitio fortaſſe ſubtilior, aliæ potius opinionis vulgaris. </s> <s>Obiectum verò, quod <pb pagenum="694"></pb>vtræque elaborant, nempe alimentum, & quòd vnà obeant ſua munera, vnam docent eſſe facultatem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4061"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſolùmq́">ſolùmque</expan>. </s> <s>accidentium merito & ratione differre, vel modo, quemadmodum dicebat Auerroes. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Idcir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4062"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>co ad primas illas duas rationes ita reſpondebimus, ſi generarim ſumantur, interpretando propoſitio<lb></lb>nes illarum: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diuerſi termini & diuerſa inſtrumenta, ſic eſſe diuerſas facultates, ſed termini & in<lb></lb>ſtrumenta non differunt, niſi ratione & per accidens, ſeu modo, vt cum Auerroe dicamus; ideò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſunt indicare differentiam facultatum, quæ in re poſita ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> natura. </s> <s>etenim non quantitas ſimpli<lb></lb>citer eſt terminus auctionis, ſed ſubſtantia quanta; nec robur ſolùm, ſed robur natiui caloris eſt <expan abbr="inſtru-mentũ">inſtru<lb></lb>mentum</expan>: at ſubſtantia quanta ſolo accidente à ſimpliciter ſubſtantia ſeparatur, & accidente ſolo calor, <lb></lb>qui eſt auctionis inſtrumentum, nempe magnitudine, ſeu multitudine ab eo ſeiungitur quo nutritio <lb></lb>miniſtratur. </s> <s>Si verò propoſitiones illas ad differentiam ſubiecti coarctent, tum verò <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> inficiamur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Peccar item obiectio tertia in ea fallacia quæ eſt à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter: accipit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimpliciter <lb></lb>ſubiectum nutritionis eſſe poteſtate; cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eius ſubiectum ſit viuens: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc eſt, quod nutritur: ne<lb></lb>que <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nutritio eſt generatio per ſe, ſed in alio quod eſt actu; ſiquid eſt per ſe, eſt interitus, vtpote <expan abbr="cõuer-ſio">conuer<lb></lb>ſio</expan> nutrimenti, verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id per ſe, quia <expan abbr="nutrimentũ">nutrimentum</expan> non corrumpitur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe, vt panis, ſed ita cor<lb></lb>rumpitur, quae alij adhæret; ſic non oritur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> interit ſubſtantia ſimpliciter, quemadmodum petebatur <lb></lb>in argumento. </s> <s>Ad quartum verò dicimus, ex varietate <expan abbr="temporũ">temporum</expan> non abſoluta neceſſariò diſcrimen ab<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4063"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſolutum <expan abbr="reiq́">reique</expan>. </s> <s>ipſius inferri non poſſe, ſed <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> cum rationis differentia conſiſtere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>contingit in iis, quæ ratione diſcrepantia manent <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in eodem ſubiecto, præſertim cùm vna ex altero <lb></lb>pendeat, vt rationis <expan abbr="riſusq́">riſusque</expan>. </s> <s>compos in eodem homine, quorum alterum cauſſa perhibetur, alterum ve<lb></lb>rò effectus. </s> <s>Ita ſe habent altrix & auctrix: etenim verſantur in eodem ſubiecto, & quodammodo ſunt <lb></lb>ſibi cauſſæ viciſsim: nempe altrix vt origine prior, auctrix autem vt eius finis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4055"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4056"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4057"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4058"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4059"></margin.target>a Concil. <lb></lb></s> <s>dif. 55.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4060"></margin.target>b Sum. </s> <s>do <lb></lb>virt. </s> <s>c. de <lb></lb>virt. </s> <s>min. <lb></lb></s> <s>nat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4061"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4062"></margin.target>a 1 de ort. <lb></lb>Tt. </s> <s>cc. 39. <lb></lb>41. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. de an. <lb></lb>T. c. 42.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4063"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Natura decrementi colligitur ex ſupradictis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OPPOSITORVM nouimus vnam eſſe, <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>diſciplinam: proinde cùm auctioni decre<lb></lb>mentum contrarium ſit, admonet nos hic locus, vt aliqua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſeparatim de ipſo dicamus. </s> <s>perti<lb></lb>net <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & illa mutatio ad quantitatem, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>non ſine nutritione conſiſtit; quandò animans <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <lb></lb>interitum aſsiduè nutritur. </s> <s>Sed vtrum'ne ab ea ratione ſola diſtinguatur, quemadmodum de auctione <lb></lb>decretum eſt, an <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> re, aut ſaltem inter decrementum & <expan abbr="nutritionẽ">nutritionem</expan> quædam differentia maior interce<lb></lb>dat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter illam & <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan>, ex his intelligi fortaſſe poterit. </s> <s>etenim decrementum proceſſus eſt ad <expan abbr="q̃-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> minus & imperfectum; eſt item interitus partium quæ prius in viuente extiterant, nutritio verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4064"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt generatio quædam: quare tantùm abeſt, vt nutritio & decrementum eadem ſubiecto <expan abbr="ponẽda">ponenda</expan> ſint, <lb></lb>vt oppoſita potius habeantur. </s> <s>Niſi dicamus ita ſe habere decrementum ad nutritionem veluti priuatio<lb></lb>nem. </s> <s>quod de ipſa nutritione deterat aliquid hoc modo; quia ſit languida nutritio, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>partium in<lb></lb>teritu, & amiſsione quantitatis. </s> <s>Quamobrem non eſt ſimpliciter interitus, ſed ad aliquam generatio<lb></lb>nem adiunctum, & illam quidem imperfectam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tum nutritur viuens; nec vllum <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> tempus <lb></lb>eſt, quo natura viuentis tale munus intermittat. </s> <s>proptereà cum ipſa conuenit in ſubiecto non minus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> incrementum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id meritò, ſiquidem ſit, quemadmodum eius priuatio: nunc idem vult eſſe ſubie<lb></lb>ctum priuationis quod fuerat habitus. </s> <s>Verùm talium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="mutationũ">mutationum</expan> differentiis vltimæ ſtetere cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ, gradus caloris qui vitam regit; <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> quidem nutritio fit à calore ſimpliciter; auctio fit à maiore, ab <lb></lb>imminuto & debilitato decrementum, quia ſibi fatum ſit machinatus, dum exhauſto humore natiuo, <lb></lb>qui in partib. ſolidis impreſſus erat, & progreſſu ætatis ab alimento, quod in principio <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan> fuit, <lb></lb>retuſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> afflictus, vbi olim propter humoris multitudinem partes protendebat, eo conſumpto pa<lb></lb>titur, vt præ natiuo frigore contrahantur. </s> <s>& vbi quondam tranſpirabile fuerat vniuerſum corpus, <expan abbr="adi-tumq́">adi<lb></lb>tumque</expan>. </s> <s>alimento præbebat, nunc ariditate cæcum quaſi factum, nihil, aut ægrè admodum ipſum admit<lb></lb>tit. </s> <s>Sed hic defectus, vt dixi, ſucceſſu temporis exiſtit. </s> <s>At ab ipſo ſtatim incremento calor adhuc <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> <lb></lb>conſeruat, licèt non amplificet: non amplificat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quae humor antecedens conſtantior eſt factus partib. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4065"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tenuiorib. <expan abbr="exẽptis">exemptis</expan>; & <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> obduruere. </s> <s>quapropter parum diffunditur calor; & durities <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> permittit, <lb></lb>vt partes extendantur: quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> concretior humor eſt, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>difficilè ſoluitur; & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> adhuc aliqua hu<lb></lb>miditas ſit ſuperſtes, parùm conficit calor; & partes aliqua ex parte accipiunt alimentum, proptereà <lb></lb>non imminuit calor, & ſiquid expromptum eſt, facillimè reſtituit. </s> <s>Mitto naturę ipſius finem quæ ſtu<lb></lb>det deducere viuens ad conuenientem & iuſtam <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, ad quam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> prouexerit, nihil vlterius <lb></lb>fatagit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſa item apparat ad eum finem efficientia, materiem & <expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan>. </s> <s>de cæteris ago cauſ<lb></lb>ſis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vbi parum ſit caloris <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vult pauca alimenta ſubminiſtrari: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> requirit <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> alimenti <lb></lb>debilis calor; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ſuſtinet. </s> <s>Ergo ſenib. parum conuenit <expan abbr="alimẽti">alimenti</expan>. </s> <s>quin id quod aſſumitur, facilè de<lb></lb>generat in excrementum quod eſt potiſsimè pituita: ea <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola inter humores qui in corpore <expan abbr="continẽ-tur">continen<lb></lb>tur</expan>, alimenti cruditas eſt, quandoquidem ſanguis, aut illi pro portione reſpondens, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> dulce, le<lb></lb>ue, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> potabile talia ſunt, vt his ſolis animantia nutriantur; bilis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> nimis à calore affecta, & <lb></lb>terra propemodum facta non ſunt ad nutriendum accommodata: ſola pituita dulcis eſt & potabilis <lb></lb>fieri poteſt: ſed auctionem caloris in ætate prouecta declinauit. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae cùm flagitet natura ta<lb></lb>le nutrimentum, quod ſimile futurum ſit partib. nutriendis; hę verò ſolidæ exiſtant, tum prætereà <expan abbr="cõ-trarium">con<lb></lb>trarium</expan>, <expan abbr="ſiquãdo">ſiquando</expan> vltra limites efferatur habitus naturalis, cùm valde exiccatum fuerit corpus, velut in <pb pagenum="695"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4066"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenio; ad cortigendum lapſum humidius offertur alimentum, proptereà ſenes omnium bibaciſsimi <lb></lb>qui tum parum ſicci alimenti deglutiunt: at facilè propter naturæ conuenientiam humidum alimen<lb></lb>tum degenerat in pituitum: ſic pituita <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> nimis abundans fertur per vniuerſas corporis cauita<lb></lb>tes, & in eo tumores efficit, vt ita ipſum excreuiſſe <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> ſuſpicemur, id tamen, quod acceſsit, om<lb></lb>ne alienum & extrinſecum ſit, reapſe verò partes ipſæ comminutet fuerint. </s> <s>Accidit item, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tan<lb></lb>tum caloris ſuppetat, vt per totum habitum corporis diſpergantur humores illi craſsi & frigidi mea<lb></lb>tuum ſuperueniente cæcitate: quocirca ad loca proxima feruntur, nempe ad cauitates thoracis, aut in<lb></lb>ter dormiendum refrigerati <expan abbr="remanẽt">remanent</expan> in capite; ideò cum corporis extenuatione magna catarrhi redun<lb></lb>dantia conſequitur. </s> <s>Hinc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> paullo concocto alimento ſomni breues, & leues quidam ſuſurri: ſiqui<lb></lb>dem alimentum non oppleat venas carotidas, idcirco relinquit aditum ſpiritib. qui ſunt inſtrumento <lb></lb>vigiliæ. </s> <s>Vniuerſa hæc contrà eueniebant in adoleſcentia. </s> <s>Quamobrem veluti procedit calor tum vires <lb></lb>acquirendo, tum eundem tenorem obſeruando, tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> decreſcendo, corpus noſtrum augeſcit, conſi<lb></lb>ſtit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> minuitur. </s> <s>à quo progreſſu cauſſam ætatum & periodi vitæ <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> cum à philoſophis, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>medicis optimè ſumptam fuiſſe opinamur: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> eæ longè minutius à medicis, & ante ipſos auctore <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>à poëtis diſtributæ fuere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à philoſophis; quæ cauſſa poëtas impulerit ignoro. </s> <s>medicis ea cauſſa <lb></lb>fuiſſe videtur, quae habentes rationem ſanitatis & ægritudinis, quæ conſiſtit in temperie; gradus ætatum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4067"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab eius inſigni varietate deduxerint. </s> <s>Siquidem caloris efficacitas in humore, qui eſt illius materia <lb></lb>totidem gradus obtinuerit: ortus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principia, quæ ducuntur à materia, ſunt humidiſsima, inde mollia <lb></lb>corpora <expan abbr="leuiaq́">leuiaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt. </s> <s>hæc verò eſt pueritia, paullatim humor iſte diſsipatur, & ea corpora, quæ tenella <lb></lb>erant, obrigeſcunt, & euidenter aſperiora fiunt; ac pili quos poſtgenitos vocant, exoriuntur; hanc au<lb></lb>tumant <expan abbr="adoleſcẽtiam">adoleſcentiam</expan> poſteà calor conſiſtit, & humor, qui iam concreſcere cępit (aliquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terrę habet <lb></lb>adiunctum) haud facilè diſſoluitur à calore: quapropter ætas conſiſtentiæ nuncupatur: hinc humido <lb></lb>inſigniter exhauſto & confecto, vt eſt eius ingenium; ſenectus inſtar. </s> <s>vbi poſteà ſiccum nimis excedat, <lb></lb>eſt ætas decrepita quæ eſt vitæ ſupremum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> deſunt qui <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſupradictas ætates in alias partes diſtri<lb></lb>buant, vt ſeptem ferè exiſtant, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> plures. </s> <s>Attamen maximè naturalis eſt ea trimembris diſtributio, <lb></lb><expan abbr="maximeq́">maximeque</expan>. </s> <s>ad humana officia, <expan abbr="curſumq́">curſumque</expan>. </s> <s>naturæ quod <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> in primis philoſophi ſibi proponunt, ac<lb></lb>commodata, nimirum incrementum, ſtatum quem Græci vocant <foreign lang="grc">ἀχμὴν</foreign> & decrementum, vnde ado<lb></lb>leſcentia, media ætas & ſenium. </s> <s>ſiquidem ea ſint humana officia, diſcere, agere & conſulere, ſeu ſapere. <lb></lb></s> <s>ad diſcendum valeat mollities, firmitas ad agendum, quies ſedatis animi motib. deferueſcente calore <lb></lb>& longa experientia rerum ad conſulendum & <expan abbr="cõtemplandum">contemplandum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> me fugit Ariſtotelem <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> <lb></lb>bipartitò creuiſſe ætatem, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex more .ſ. </s> <s>& natura, & cum ſui <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> ętati <expan abbr="propriiq́">propriique</expan>. </s> <s>mores <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan>, cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4068"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4069"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fieri poſsit vt ex conſuetudine certi <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> ætatum mores comparentur, quicquid de <expan abbr="annorũ">annorum</expan> numero <lb></lb>ſit, eos ex moribus ſenes, vel iuuenes appellari: nam ſi quis <expan abbr="adoleſcẽs">adoleſcens</expan> doctrina & vſu impetus animi <lb></lb>temperaſſet; is haberetur ſenex, & contrà, ſiquem in extremis <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan> ætatis libido vinceret, & inſci<lb></lb>tia teneret, adoleſcenti non haberetur diſsimilis. </s> <s>ſed nos hîc ætatis curſum ex natura partimur. </s> <s>Vbi igi<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> abundat; adoleſcentiam facimus: vbi tenuiores eius partes exhalarunt, & conſtantius <expan abbr="fa-ctũ">fa<lb></lb>ctum</expan> eſt; ætatem mediam: vbi ad extremum & iam exuctum eſt; ſenium: vbi multus eſt calor, <expan abbr="adole-ſcentiã">adole<lb></lb>ſcentiam</expan>: vbi acrior, ætatem mediam: vbi debilior, ſenium: eo conſumpto ſequitur interitus. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vita <lb></lb>manſio animę, ſeu caloris in humido naturali. </s> <s>Optimè verò progreſſus hic, licèt ſatis per ſe <expan abbr="cõſpicuus">conſpicuus</expan>; <lb></lb>explicabitur <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> grandis illius vini, quod accepimus ſuprà: illi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi aqua ab initio infundatur, quia <lb></lb>mutatur in <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan>; eius virtute pręualente facit ipſum maius, ſi nihil, aut vix affundas, adhuc <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan> con<lb></lb>ſeruatur: ſed ſi plus adieceris, ita vires eius, alioqui potentiſsimi, <expan abbr="generoſimiq́">generoſimique</expan>. </s> <s>labefactabis, vt ad <expan abbr="extre-mũ">extre<lb></lb>mum</expan> conuertatur potius in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, quàm fiat maius: & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> moles totius humoris eſt maior, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcir<lb></lb>co maius eſt vinum. </s> <s>Sic igitur in vnientibus oblatione cibi, dum calor eſt potens; efficitur <expan abbr="incremen-tũ">incremen<lb></lb>tum</expan>, dum conſtat, neque diſsipatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> accipit <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan>, conſiſtentia ſequitur: ſi rurſus affligatur à con<lb></lb>trario nutrimento calor concutitur, & ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> deperit; exiſtit ſenium: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> parùm alimen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4070"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ti vi fugit humoris; abeunt cętera in redundantias: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan>, quanuis fiat maior corporis vniuerſi moles, <lb></lb>non idcirco fit maius ipſum viuens, immò decreſcit. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> obiiciet aliquis <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan> deſumi extrin<lb></lb>ſecùs, hoc verò <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> præſtò non eſſe, vt in primo ortu quo non <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> venis vmbilicis confectis em<lb></lb>brya nihil exſugunt, aut dum pulli manent <expan abbr="etiãdum">etiandum</expan> intra oui putamen. </s> <s>Prętereà quia multa anima<lb></lb>lia latent dormientia per multos <expan abbr="mẽſes">menſes</expan> in cauernis, & nos <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> audiuimus <expan abbr="puellã">puellam</expan> quandam Germanam <lb></lb>ſub Leone X. P. M. multis menſibus ſine cibo viuere ſolitam. </s> <s>Scire eſt alimentum extrinſecum eſſe, <lb></lb>vel <expan abbr="intrinſecũ">intrinſecum</expan>, & quanuis <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan> omne alimentum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>appelletur; exponenda nobis eſt pote<lb></lb>ſtas <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <expan abbr="vocũ">vocum</expan> quæ ſunt ambiguę: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan> id eſt quod à viuente <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> manet extra <expan abbr="viuẽs">viuens</expan>, <lb></lb>& eſt <expan abbr="remotũ">remotum</expan>, vt panis, aut quod nondum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> rei nutriendę conſecutum eſt. </s> <s>Necnon intrinſecum, <lb></lb>vel quod eſt in maioribus vaſis ſolùm, vt ventre & inteſtinis, aut quod vel eandem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> accepit, vel <lb></lb>proximè <expan abbr="accepturũ">accepturum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Ita igitur accipimus alimentum extrinſecum, aut <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> omne ab initio fuerit <lb></lb>extra corpus, aut quia nondum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> viuentis conceperit, nec proximè <expan abbr="concepturũ">concepturum</expan> ſit, licèt <expan abbr="intrinſecũ">intrinſecum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe poſsit, quia contineatur in vaſis. </s> <s>Quamobrem in vtero inſtar <expan abbr="pullorũ">pullorum</expan> in ouis quæ vitello veſcun<lb></lb>tur, ſanguinem <expan abbr="menſtruũ">menſtruum</expan> ſugunt, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>fruuntur, & animalia quæ latent in cauernis, propter <expan abbr="voracitatẽ">voracitatem</expan> <lb></lb>plus in vigiliis deuorantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in ſomnis dierum <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan> coquere poſsint, per plures menſes abſtine<lb></lb>re cibo coguntur, & iam collecto nutriri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> interim, velut ebrij crapulam, edormire: pulli etiam, qui <pb pagenum="696"></pb>in putamine continentur, quatenus intus habent id quo veſcuntur; intrinſeco dicuntur ali, <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4071"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tamen eſt, quia nondum vltimam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſt adeptum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ouum in duas partes diſtribuitur album <lb></lb>& luteum, quorum alterum pertinet ad conſtitutionem membrorum, alterum verò ad alimentum: <lb></lb>quanquam à medicis & Ariſtotele diſceptatum fuerit, vtra pars nutriat. </s> <s>At nos controuerſia ad alium <lb></lb>locum reiecta cum Ariſtotele vitellum pro alimento ponamus. </s> <s>Sed hæc hactenus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4064"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4065"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4066"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4067"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4068"></margin.target>a 1. Eth.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4069"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4070"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4071"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De fine auctricis vberius diſputatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO tametſi hactenus elementa mutationum iſtarum à nobis tradita <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb>vt facilè poſsit aditum ſibi parare perſpicax auditor ad diſſoluendas perdifficiles & perobſcuras <lb></lb>huius loci quęſtiones, & Ariſtotelis ſententia ſatis illuſtrata eſt, tamen diſputationis huiuſce ſubtilitas, <lb></lb>& ingenium <expan abbr="philoſophantiũ">philoſophantium</expan>, hoc eſt, rerum ipſarum naturam <expan abbr="veſtigantiũ">veſtigantium</expan> non permittit, vt ea quæ po<lb></lb>ſita <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> ſunt, ſine magna diſquiſitione prætereamus, & aliqua ex his quę ſuprà recepimus, acutius <lb></lb>inſpiciamus, & explanemus vberius. </s> <s>Igitur vt aliqua ratione, & via res declaretur, diſtinctis eiuſmodi <lb></lb><expan abbr="vocũ">vocum</expan> ſignificatis, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>recepto de quo eſt controuerſia, <expan abbr="communibuſq́">communibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>notionibus repetitis primùm <lb></lb>de principiis auctionis, fine ſcilicet, & efficiente diſſeremus; deinde ſingularum <expan abbr="auctionũ">auctionum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſedu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4072"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lò explorabimus. </s> <s>Manifeſtum eſt igitur auctionem capi tribus modis; vno <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> impropriè qui eſt ap<lb></lb>poſitio <expan abbr="pluriũ">plurium</expan> corporum extrinſecùs, vt cùm <expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan> fit amplius ex acceſsione materiæ, altero magis pro<lb></lb>priè qui eſt rarefactio, cùm <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſcilicet materia <expan abbr="extendit̃">extenditur</expan>, <expan abbr="vltimoq́">vltimoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè propriè qui eſt per <expan abbr="ſumptio-nẽ">ſumptio<lb></lb>nem</expan> alimenti, quare <expan abbr="viuentiũ">viuentium</expan> proprius eſt: etenim ea ſola nutriuntur. </s> <s>De hoc ſignificato diſputatum ha<lb></lb>ctenus eſt, & elementa illius aſsignata, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> primo loco, more conſueto in explicandis iis quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, tractabitur à nobis de ſecundo poſteà dicturis, primo illo prætermiſſo, quod eſt noui corporis <lb></lb>generatio per ſe: appoſitio verò per accidens. </s> <s>poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubſiſtere in mole longè minore id, quod excre<lb></lb>ſcit: ſic etiam id quod appoſitum eſt, natura <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> aliam <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> ſibi vendicante & præfiniente, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="minimã">minimam</expan> illam primam cum qua ſe tueri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & officia ſua, ſi non optimè, ſaltem <expan abbr="cõmodè">commodè</expan> pręſtare: cùm <lb></lb>alioqui mutationes <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan> ſignificatuum, vt inſtrumenta formarum ſubſtantię ponenda ſint, & illa <lb></lb>præcipuè de qua nunc explicare certum eſt, cuius tria eſſe attributa quondam accepimus. </s> <s>Vt id quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="auget̃">augetur</expan>, à principio ad finem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> maneat idem. </s> <s>Vt cuilibet parti fiat acceſsio. </s> <s>Vt aliquo extrinſecùs ad<lb></lb>ueniente abſoluatur. </s> <s>Quæ ſanè <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> multis difficultatibus inuoluta perſpicimus ita <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> & <expan abbr="definitio-nẽ">definitio<lb></lb>nem</expan> huiuſcemodi mutationum <expan abbr="cõturbantibus">conturbantibus</expan>, vt ea cuncta ſeruare, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> defendere maioris <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> ne<lb></lb>gocij futurum ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ingenij <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pigri. </s> <s>Sed iam ad primam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> incrementi veniamus. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> finis <lb></lb>eſt: hinc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conſtituimus auſpicari <expan abbr="diſputationẽ">diſputationem</expan> noſtram, quae ex hoc elucebit efficiens, & reliqua <expan abbr="cõmo-">commo<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4073"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dè diſponi poterunt: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> finis ea quæ ſunt ex ipſo, fideliſsimè gubernat, ſic ab efficiente ſuppo<lb></lb>nitur; quippe quòd eius gratia prodeat in opus, & finis eſt quod eſt prima forma, & actu maximè, quia <lb></lb>nimirùm moueat, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à materia <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan>. </s> <s>Finis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſic noteſcet, ſi accipiamus illud eſſe naturæ munus, <lb></lb>vt inducat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, vbi ipſa præſtò fuerit, aptè affecta, & cum illis <expan abbr="cõditionibus">conditionibus</expan> quas olim me <lb></lb>expoſuiſſe memini, & ne otio lectoris abutar, mihi ad <expan abbr="cõmemorandum">commemorandum</expan> non neceſſarias. </s> <s>quocirca ſi <expan abbr="cõ-ditionibus">con<lb></lb>ditionibus</expan> hiſce prædita tanta materiæ portio <expan abbr="reperiat̃">reperiatur</expan> in qua forma ſuum ius retinere poſsit; illico res <lb></lb><expan abbr="producit̃">producitur</expan>, & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> parua materiæ portio in animantium productione <expan abbr="congregat̃">congregatur</expan> ob multas cauſſas: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> requirunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eam in qua prima conſtiterunt ad ſua munera exhiben<lb></lb>da, quæ ſine organis adminiſtrari non poſſunt. </s> <s>itaque certas figuras, & proptereà certos terminos eſſe <lb></lb>oportet; ideò fit, vt res ipſa ſit ab initio tanquam in minimo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, & in magnitudine <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> imperfe<lb></lb>cta, cuius auxilio fulta non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> officiis illis fungi ad quæ nata eſt apta: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> viuentia, aut oriun<lb></lb>tur è ſemine, aut per <expan abbr="aſplantationẽ">aſplantationem</expan>, aut è putri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> è ſemine, ſiue in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> proiecto, quæ <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> vterus <lb></lb>eſt, ſiue in <expan abbr="vterũ">vterum</expan>: cùm ſemen ipſum ſit adeò paruæ molis (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vltimum <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>, & vtile ſuapte na<lb></lb>tura, ſolùm quantitate non virtute <expan abbr="exuperãs">exuperans</expan>, hoc eſt, per multas coctiones procedens, in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> verò fit <lb></lb><expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſecretio partis inutilis, ita vt <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> in <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> ſanguinis moles, ſi transformetur in ſemen, fiat <expan abbr="nouẽ">nouem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4074"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>partibus minor, & maxima pars eius in vſum corporis <expan abbr="impẽditur">impenditur</expan>) cùm ſit, inquam, adeò paruę molis, <lb></lb>ſufficere nequit ad <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan> materiam <expan abbr="apparandã">apparandam</expan>, quæ debitę viuentis magnitudini ſit ſatis, cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in <lb></lb>iis, quæ vtero <expan abbr="gerunt̃">geruntur</expan>, accedit anguſtia loci, quod ſi per <expan abbr="aſplantationẽ">aſplantationem</expan> <expan abbr="oriant̃">oriantur</expan>, quia partes <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, totius offi<lb></lb>cio rite fungi non poſſunt: multa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> organa prætereà <expan abbr="deſiderant̃">deſiderantur</expan>. </s> <s>Adiiciunt alij <expan abbr="diuturnitatẽ">diuturnitatem</expan>, cui quan<lb></lb>tum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="cõſulit">conſulit</expan>, ipſa natura, ne id citò amittat quod eſſe optauit, & in nouo efficiendo quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="permã-ſurũ">perman<lb></lb>ſurum</expan> non ſit, veluti Tantalus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> in latice, <expan abbr="pomiſq́">pomiſque</expan>. </s> <s>capiendis fruſtra laborare cogatur: ea verò <expan abbr="præ-ſtat̃">præ<lb></lb>ſtatur</expan> facilius, ſi res augendo procedant: quaſi natura dederit <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> augendi viuentibus, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> vita <lb></lb>foret diuturnior: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi cum perfecta magnitudine <expan abbr="orirent̃">orirentur</expan>, vires citò <expan abbr="lãgueſcerẽt">langueſcerent</expan>, & <expan abbr="tẽderẽt">tenderent</expan> ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non, quia, quòd maius eſt, ſe facilius tuetur, quae minus lęditur ab externis? </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> id pro ve<lb></lb>ro <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> eſt: non accipio tamen illud, niſi <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan>, quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nec fortaſſe finis eſt: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb>id magis natura obtinuit in imperfectioribus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in perfectis: quocirca ſæpe <expan abbr="quęrit̃">quęritur</expan> genus <expan abbr="humanũ">humanum</expan> gar<lb></lb>rulæ cornici <expan abbr="duroq́">duroque</expan>. </s> <s>robori, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> paruus <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> vſus eſt in natura, <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> annos <expan abbr="elargitã">elargitam</expan> prodigè <lb></lb>fuiſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quàm homini ipſi, qui Deo <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> ſimilis eſt, ac ſi natura diuturnius viuens eſſe vo<lb></lb>luiſſet, non conſuluiſſet ei magnitudine, ſed <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> illi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="firmiorẽ">firmiorem</expan>, ſicuti cęlo ſubſtrauiſſet, ac præpa<lb></lb>raſſet, ſed ipſa tanquam <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ſibi proponit <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, qua præſtantia formæ nob. </s> <s>indicatur. <pb pagenum="697"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4075"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Cùm igitur varias ob cauſſas natura non potuerit ortus initio <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> efficere, quantum oportebat; nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="debitã">debitam</expan> illi <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> aſsignare, factum inde eſt, vt viuenti facultas auctrix attributa ſit quæ <expan abbr="magnitu-dinẽ">magnitu<lb></lb>dinem</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> procedente perficiat, vt per <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> ſua munera corpus viuens obire poſsit. </s> <s>Et huic fiut per bel<lb></lb>lè reſpondet ortus materia: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan>, ſicuti ſępius ſignificauimus, ea quæ oriuntur, ab initio, mollia ſunt, hu<lb></lb>mida, <expan abbr="plenaq́">plenaque</expan>. </s> <s>calore natiuo: quare facillimè <expan abbr="extendunt̃">extenduntur</expan>, & excreſcunt in <expan abbr="amplitudinẽ">amplitudinem</expan>; veluti contra, <lb></lb>vbi corpora ſenio effœta ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita calida, & humida, potius contrahuntur: humidi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> gratia <expan abbr="facilẽ">facilem</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="appoſitionẽ">appoſitionem</expan> alterius ſubſtantiæ docet Galenus, & philoſophi perſuadent, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <expan abbr="ſiccũ">ſiccum</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> agglu<lb></lb>tinatur. </s> <s>Huiuſcemodi actio <expan abbr="obit̃">obitur</expan> ab interno principio, quod anima nuncupatur. </s> <s>Cęterùm <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> vita <lb></lb>& anima calore <expan abbr="fundat̃">fundatur</expan>, cuius <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> eſt humido continuè veſci, ex hoc efficitur, vt humidi illius refe<lb></lb>ctione viuenti opus ſit: hęc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt nutritio: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>inter viuentis officia principalia ſit illud, vt ſpecies, <lb></lb>hoc eſt, forma, & natura conſeruetur; <expan abbr="conſeruat̃">conſeruatur</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per <expan abbr="propagationẽ">propagationem</expan> ſibi ſimilis: inde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, vt in <lb></lb>eo generandi vis inſit. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, vt tres <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> fines ſint animæ illius <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, quam nomina<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="alentẽ">alentem</expan>, conſeruare indiuiduum, perficere ipſum, & tueri <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>: conſeruat <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> indiuiduum per nu<lb></lb>trimentum, perficit per <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan>, generat ſimile per ſe, tanquam cauſſa prima, & per ſemen, vt inſtru<lb></lb>mentum, (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſemen obiectum eſt genitricis, mea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſententia, ſed indiuiduum quod à geni<lb></lb>trice numero, & ſubiecto ſeparatur) ita fit, vt nutritio & incrementum in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> fiant, generatio verò in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4076"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eo quod numero diſiunctum ſit. </s> <s>Prætereà generatio ſit totius ex toto, nutritio verò, & auctio totius <lb></lb>per partes; & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> inter has facultates ea <expan abbr="pręſtãtiſsima">pręſtantiſsima</expan> qua ſpecies ipſa <expan abbr="reparat̃">reparatur</expan>, ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perfecta <lb></lb>quantitas <expan abbr="exiſtimabit̃">exiſtimabitur</expan> ipſius viuentis, cùm ad <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> terminum prouecta fuerit in quo ſimile gigni poſsit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc igitur finis eſt ob quam auctio data eſt animanti, vt quantitatem .ſ. </s> <s>perfectam aſſequatur, cuius be<lb></lb>neficio <expan abbr="perfectiſsimũ">perfectiſsimum</expan> opus præſtare poſsit, id verò eſt ſpeciei propagatio, vel per ſemen, vel etiam per <lb></lb><expan abbr="aſplantationẽ">aſplantationem</expan> in animantibus quæ talem habuerint facultatem, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> verò ſunt non mutilata & manca, <lb></lb>vt excaſtrata, nec imperfecta vt muli, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> genita ex putri, vt mures: etenim hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſterilia ſunt, nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="perfectiſsimũ">perfectiſsimum</expan> munus in natura præſtare poſſunt. </s> <s>In quibus etiam ab ea functione, quam <expan abbr="perfectiſsimã">perfectiſsimam</expan> <lb></lb>edere pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> poſſunt, debita magnitudo exiſtimanda eſt: veruntamen vt obſeruem <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in mutilis <lb></lb>& imperfectis <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> procedere, quantum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & illa conari efficere quæ perfectiora, quan<lb></lb>tum licet imitentur, & velut in talpa; quanuis inutiles oculos fabricata ſit, tamen tantam eis magnitu<lb></lb>dinem tribuit, quanta propemodum foret, ſi vtiles futuri eſſent: nam quod ipſa planè aſſequi non po<lb></lb>teſt, ſtudet tamen imitari, ſemper nitens in id quod perfectum eſt, eò vi ſuapte inclinans, & illò ab eo <lb></lb>quod perfectum eſt, ob appetitum perfectionis incuſſum attracta, in ipſo conatu defecerit, rem propè <lb></lb>ad extremum perduxit, finem attingere nequiuerit. </s> <s>Id etſi vſui cuiquam adſcribi poſſe videtur in tal<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4077"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pa, debebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> degere ſub terris, vbi oculi officium non erat neceſſarium, & in efficientes cauſſas, & ví<lb></lb>rium materiæ probè referri poteſt. </s> <s>Sed vtrum'ne, ſi robur illud caloris quod eſt auctricis <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> deficiat, facultas item ipſa ſimul deleatur; an etiam conſeruari poſsit? </s> <s>Hæc quæſtio genera<lb></lb>tim ſic explicari poſſet. </s> <s>Vtrum deficiente inſtrumento cuiuſpiam facultatis vnà facultas interimatur, <lb></lb>nec'ne. </s> <s>vt ſiquis excęcetur, vtrum'ne videndi facultas ſalua ſuperſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>ita decernere <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> etiam <lb></lb>labefactato inſtrumento virtutem <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> remanere, ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, ſenex oculum iuuenis recuperaret, aſpi<lb></lb>ceret, quemadmodum iuuenis. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi poteſtas illa fruſtra eſſe cenſetùr quæ in actum prodire non <lb></lb>poteſt: deficiente verò inſtrumento ceſſat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> actus, cur ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fruſtra non ſit? </s> <s>An ſicuti videndi vis <lb></lb>eadem eſt in Socrate iuuene & ſene, non tamen prodit in opus ita egregium in ſene, velut in iuuene, ſic <lb></lb>cum eadem re ſit nutriendi, & augendi facultas ſolis accidentibus ſeparata, & egregiè operans nutriat, <lb></lb>& augeat ſimul, debilior facta nutriat ſolùm: ita non ſuo munere ſimpliciter, ſed munere perfecto de<lb></lb>ſiſtit, ſic inter eas differentia rei ponenda non eſt, aut etiam interitus alterius arguendus. </s> <s>Et quanquam <lb></lb>fruſtrà fore videtur facultas orbata inſtrumento: dicimus in indiuiduo abſurdum non eſſe fruſtrari <lb></lb>poteſtatem naturalem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãquam">Quanquam</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fruſtra fuerit illa poteſtas, quæ <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> prodierit in actum, <lb></lb>ſed perfectionem adepta eſt, ſunt verò aliquæ habilitates, quæ ſunt ad tempus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſat eſt, ſi ſuo tem<lb></lb>pore fuerint in officio.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4078"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4072"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4073"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4074"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4075"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4076"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4077"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4078"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęstio proponitur, an auctio ſit motus continuus, & Auerrois opinio recitatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED redeo nunc ad incrementum. </s> <s>Eius igitur <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> primum & terminus cùm ſit quantitas, hæc <lb></lb>verò ex non quanto fieri nequeat, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> patet quantum eſſe illud per quod <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> fiat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>verò non ſeparatur incrementum à nutritione, cuius terminus eſt ſubſtantia, conſtat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> è quanto ſim<lb></lb>pliciter non fieri <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>, ſed è ſubſtantia quanta: vnde etiam colligitur, cuiuſmodi ſit iſte motus <lb></lb>incrementi, in ſubſtantia'ne, an in quanto, ſimplex'ne, an <expan abbr="cõpoſitus">compoſitus</expan>, & ex quibus'nam <expan abbr="cõflatus">conflatus</expan>. </s> <s>Et quod <lb></lb>attinet ad hoc ſecundùm problema, quia nutricatio requiritur in incremento; conſtat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> è <expan abbr="cõpluribus">compluribus</expan> <lb></lb>motibus. </s> <s>hinc etiam fit, vt multos motus flagitet incrementum; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alimenti ſectio deſideratur, quæ <lb></lb>ore ipſo <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>, digeſtio cui multa membra inſeruiunt, ventriculus; iecur, & reliqua viſcera <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb></lb>cor primum eſt, ſecretio redundantium quæ per inteſtina miniſtratur, per renes, per viſicam fellis, per <lb></lb>venas; addunt & alij teſtes, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita generatim vel per <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> euidentem, vel inſenſilem perſpiratum, <lb></lb>agglutinatio, & conuerſio nutrimenti in <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> partis vniformis. </s> <s>Idcircò non eſt vnus motus ſim<lb></lb>plex ipſa nutritio, niſi ſpectemus ſolùm ipſius <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> qua propriè nutritio completur & <lb></lb>per quam nutritio conſtituitur. </s> <s>Quare etiam dicemus idem de comite incremento, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>plus cum <pb pagenum="698"></pb>& ipſum quippiam ſit vltra nutritionem, & materialiter <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> complectitur plures motus, ſed ſi for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4079"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mã">mam</expan> <expan abbr="terminumq́">terminumque</expan>. </s> <s>incrementi ſpectemus cogitatione ſecretum ab <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> aliis mutationibus, ita aſſerimus <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan>, & ſecundùm quantitatem. </s> <s>Cauendum tamen eſt. </s> <s>ne dicamus, veluti Latini <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> incrementum eſſe <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> extentionem, licèt Ariſt. </s> <s>auctoritate placitum ſuum munire <expan abbr="cõtendant">contendant</expan> qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4080"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliquando dixiſſet partes eorum quæ <expan abbr="augent̃">augentur</expan>, mutare locum, ſicut ea quę extenduntur: nam pro eo, quae <lb></lb>accipere <expan abbr="debẽt">debent</expan> formam .ſ. </s> <s>auctionis; accipiunt id quod attribuitur formę, & eſt tanquam apparatus ad <lb></lb>auctionem, ſiquidem extentio <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> præcedere incremento: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> credendum eſt <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> eſſe for<lb></lb>maliter extentionem, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm per aliquod extrinſecùs <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> fiat <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>; extentio verò aut ſine <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4081"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>externo, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in raréfactione <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> aut productione dimenſionis vnius, vtputa longitudi<lb></lb>nis, & cęterarum <expan abbr="cõtractione">contractione</expan>, vt craſsitiei: ſic veſica illa ſuis de qua meminerat Galenus, extendebatur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> autem creſcebat. </s> <s>Plura <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contra hos Pomponatius. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud <expan abbr="cõſilium">conſilium</expan> fuit Ariſt. </s> <s>in eo loco in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4082"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>crementi <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> tradere, ſed amplificationem partium <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> illo declarare, vt quod in ea re quæ <lb></lb>ſub exemplo <expan abbr="proponeret̃">proponeretur</expan>, in vna dimenſione apparebat, nos id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cogitaremus in reliquas euenire, <lb></lb>dum corpus verè creſcit; ita tamen vt præcipuè ratio longitudinis, de in latitudinis. </s> <s>poſtremò altitudi<lb></lb>nis habeatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Vtrùm verò nutritio & <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> tempore quodam, an <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> fiant, ſiquid eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4083"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod moueat philoſophos ad <expan abbr="ſuſpicandũ">ſuſpicandum</expan> tales mutationes ſine <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> abſolui, illud eſt, quia <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> contrario carere arbitrantur, ſed cùm in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> materia ſpecimen extet partitionis; cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4084"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="neutrũ">neutrum</expan> ex illis contraria quoquo pacto ſubterfugiat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſuo loco pluribus oſtenſum eſt, du<lb></lb>bium apud nos non erit <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> ſpatio <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> puncto expleri. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plura <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>adiiciemus inde peti volentes, ſiquid ad <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> de hac ipſa mutatione transferri oportebit. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>ea quæ nuper attigimus, euadent clariora, ſi proponatur ea quæſtio ad explicandum. </s> <s>Vtrum .ſ. </s> <s>auctio <lb></lb>ſit motus continuus, nec'ne, quę item etſi à Zimara <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſatis acutè, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> accuratè tractata eſt; nihilominus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4085"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de Auerrois <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> diluta eſt, nec quid rei natura fortaſſe poſtulet, magis inquiſitum eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quid in ea di<lb></lb>ſciplina <expan abbr="ſentiendũ">ſentiendum</expan> ſit: nobis tamen, vt perpetua <expan abbr="placitorũ">placitorum</expan> conſtantia conſeruetur, etiam <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam ex<lb></lb>ploranda, & danda opera, vt cum poſitis ea conſentiant quæ mox adſcribentur. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò cum <lb></lb>ea quæſtio duo capita <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>: alterum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vtrùm auctio fiat in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, an <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> puncto tempo<lb></lb>ris abſoluatur: alterum verò vtrùm auctio tota à primo .ſ. </s> <s>ortu, quo minima mole conſiſtit id quod <expan abbr="ge-nitũ">ge<lb></lb>nitum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> ad magnitudinem ſibi <expan abbr="conuenientẽ">conuenientem</expan> peruénit, vno <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> tractu, nulla interpellatione <lb></lb>intercedente miniſtretur, ac de <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> rediſſerant Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & Latini, quo loco ſummus ille vir digre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4086"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ditur pluribus tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> capite de incremento, <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nos etiam ſigillatim <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> caput tractare conſtituimus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4087"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& quod ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> membrum noſtræ diſputationis attinet, Auerroës <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> multi ſectantur è Latinis, opi<lb></lb>natus eſt <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> non eſſe <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempore fieri, ſed temporis veſtigio duntaxat, quae à <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4088"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> commotus eſt quæ duci ſolet à generatione ſubſtantiæ quam puncto temporis fieri perhibent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> incrementum eſſe nutritionem, hanc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> acquiſitionem eſſe ſubſtantiæ: cùm verò <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <lb></lb>puncto temporis abſoluatur, & nutritio igitur, & incrementum deinceps <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto fiant oportet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> confirmat ab ingenio nutritionis: etenim hęc cùm fieri debeat ſecundùm quodlibet <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>; <lb></lb>neceſſariò per minima conuenit ea admininiſtrari: verùm minimum <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> fit in <expan abbr="inſtãti">inſtanti</expan>; & incremen<lb></lb>tum igitur ita fiat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>De ſecundo etiam ita diſſerunt, cùm <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> per minima fiat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe <lb></lb>fieri, vt vno tractu <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> obeatur. </s> <s>Quod item perſuadet nobis ipſius incrementi proceſſus, quae primùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> varios motus poſtulat, cùm pręcedere oporteat alimenti <expan abbr="ſuſceptionẽ">ſuſceptionem</expan>, alterationem <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, mixtio<lb></lb>nem cum ſucco natiuo, diuiſionem, diſpenſationem, <expan abbr="cõuerſionem">conuerſionem</expan> in rei nutriendæ ſubſtantiam, appo<lb></lb>ſitionem, & agglutinationem quæ cum ſpecie <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> differant, contiguæ quidem eſſe poſſunt, vt olim do<lb></lb>cuimus, <expan abbr="cõtinuæ">continuæ</expan> verò nequaquam. </s> <s>Adde & incrementi progreſſum citra omnes alias ſocias mutatio<lb></lb>nes: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> infans augetur <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad annum <expan abbr="quintũ">quintum</expan>, hoc tempore ob aliquem <expan abbr="morbũ">morbum</expan> intermitti <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> incre<lb></lb>mentum; eo verò cùm liberatus fuerit, poſtmodò creſcendo proficit: ſic augetur cum intermiſsione, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> ad debitam magnitudinem peruenerit. </s> <s>Ex quo colligimus incrementum. </s> <s>Auerrois quidem <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, diſtribui in integrum & abſolutum, ſiue vniuerſum quod ab ortu ad iuſtam <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> magnitudinem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4089"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="protendit̃">protenditur</expan>; & id quod pars illius eſt, quæ <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> puncto temporis obiri cenſet. </s> <s>quin ita dicere cogitur: <lb></lb>nam cum partes incrementi temporis veſtigio fiant, totum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> incrementum vnico temporis pun<lb></lb>cto miniſtrari dicendum eſt. </s> <s>è punctis enim, niſi punctum conſurgere non poteſt. </s> <s>Confirmabat item <lb></lb>Auerroës hoc placitum argumento quodam, quod inſtar demonſtrationis efficaciſsimę creditum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si enim, inquit, incrementum continuum foret, neque <expan abbr="interrũperetur">interrumperetur</expan>, cuilibet parti temporis pars ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis per incrementum <expan abbr="cõparatę">comparatę</expan> reſponderet: id verò fieri nequit. </s> <s>Nam ſit viuens quod in anno <lb></lb>magnitudinem digiti vnius adipiſcantur; partes profectò magnitudinis huiuſce cum parte qualibet <lb></lb>temporis conuenire non poſſunt: ita enim neceſſe foret, vt vniuerſa illa quantitas qua conſtitit incre<lb></lb>mentum, diuideretur in adeò tenuem magnitudinem, vt nulla forma naturalis in ea manere poſſet, <lb></lb>& in animali præſertim: nam tametſi magnitudo per ſe ſecatur in infinitum; ea tamen quæ gignen<lb></lb>da eſt, ſenſilis eſſe debet, & præcipuè tactu, & tanta denique, vt in ea rei producendæ forma conſiſtat, <lb></lb>cuiuſmodi ſanè illa non eſſet quæ ſecta foret pro ratione partium temporis quo incrementum omne <lb></lb>adminiſtratum eſt. </s> <s>Hæc ex Auerroë. </s> <s><pb pagenum="699"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4090"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4079"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4080"></margin.target>a Burl. <lb></lb></s> <s>land. <lb></lb></s> <s>3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4081"></margin.target>b 1. de or. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 25.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4082"></margin.target>c 1. de auct. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 9.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4083"></margin.target>d Auer. 5. <lb></lb>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4084"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4085"></margin.target>e Tab. </s> <s>§. <lb></lb></s> <s>Motus de<lb></lb>finitio.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4086"></margin.target>f 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. </s> <s>V 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4087"></margin.target>g 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4088"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4089"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4090"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explorantur Auerrois dicta defendentis incrementum non eſſe continuum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NOBIS certè qui generationem tempore obiri defendimus, <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> à nutritionis ingenio ducta nullum <lb></lb>negocium exhibet: poſſumus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt dici ſolet, ad ianuam occurrere inficiando .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="nutritionẽ">nutritionem</expan>, quia <lb></lb>ſit generatio ſubſtantiæ, fieri temporis puncto. </s> <s>Verùm ſiquis etiam flagitet rationes ab auctionis natu<lb></lb>ra petitas, quibus oppoſitum <expan abbr="cõuincatur">conuincatur</expan>, nequid deſiderati poſsit quod ad talem <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõuellendam">conuellendam</expan> <lb></lb>quoquo modo pertineat; eas etiam eiuſmodi ſubiiciemus quas ex eodem propemodum fonte dixeris <lb></lb>emanare, vt ſi <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> vniuerſum tempore abſoluatur, etiam neceſſe ſit eius partes <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <lb></lb>fieri; & contrà, ſi illius partes tempore fiant; vniuerſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tempore <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> abſolutum fuiſſe neceſ<lb></lb>ſarium ſit. </s> <s>Illud verò facillimè nobis noteſcet complura loca percurrentibus è Phyſicis, quibus Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſententia perſpicuè continetur, & è quibus colligere liceat <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> quæ multum valeant ad propoſitum <lb></lb>confirmandum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita argumentatur Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vbicunq.">Vbicunque</expan> mutetur quippiam; neceſſariò mutationem <lb></lb><expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> tempore abſolui: aliter idem ſimul moueretur & motum eſſet: licèt autem iſta ratione dicamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si incrementum puncto <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> abſolueretur, idem ſimul creſceret & creuiſſet: nam ſi puncto tempo<lb></lb>ris obitur incrementum, aut in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> puncto perfectum eſt, aut alio quodam: quae ſi aliud punctum eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõcedas">concedas</expan> quo creuit, ab eo quo creſcebat: ergo mutatio in tempore facta eſt: ſi dixeris in eodem: ſimul <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4091"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur creſcit corpus, & creuit, quod fieri nequit. </s> <s>Prętereà vbi tardius & velocius eſt, adeſt ibi tempus: <lb></lb>nam tardum & velox tempore definiuntur: cùm tardum ſit quod multo tempore ſpatij parum con<lb></lb>ficit, contrà velox quod breui tempore permeat multum. </s> <s>Sed incremento velox & tardum tribui ſo<lb></lb>let: <expan abbr="dictumq́">dictumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt fœminas citius augeri, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mares, & meminit apertiſsimè Ariſt. </s> <s>de incrementis tardis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> velocibus in tempore igitur. </s> <s>Sunt & innumera loca Ariſt. </s> <s>quibus docuit tempus eſſe menſuram <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> mutationis, & ſeorſum de incremento <expan abbr="mentionẽ">mentionem</expan> fecit: ergo incrementum tempore quidem, <lb></lb>non ſubito fiet. </s> <s>Ad hæc Latini quidam more conſueto diſtinguentes incrementum duob. </s> <s>modis in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <lb></lb>partem quæ eſt <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan> nutrimenti in rei ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan>, quæ eſt extentio partium, primam <lb></lb><expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> è veſtigio fieri teſtantur: ortis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi tempore abſolueretur, cùm fiat ſecundùm quodli<lb></lb>bet ſignum, ſic fieret <expan abbr="incremẽtum">incrementum</expan> in infinitum, & ſic id quod creuit, eſſet infinitum. </s> <s>At poſterior pars <lb></lb>ſecum affert motum in incremento. </s> <s>Cęterùm quis docuit eos in incremento cogitare nutrimenti con<lb></lb>uerſionem ſine quantitate & extentione? </s> <s>nam mitto nunc extentionem ab incremento ſeiugari: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb>nuper id à nobis, vt ſe habeat oſtenſum eſt, cùm eo nomine diſtinguatur <expan abbr="incremẽtum">incrementum</expan> à nutritione, nec <lb></lb>quantitate remota incrementi eſſentia & natura ſeruetur. </s> <s>Et certè quantitas eſt primus terminus <expan abbr="incre-mẽti">incre<lb></lb>menti</expan> cum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illud quo <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan>, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ſit, ac ſi <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan> illa <expan abbr="parẽ">parem</expan> apporter <expan abbr="quãtitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> ei quę collapſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4092"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, nutritio <expan abbr="vocet̃">vocetur</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>: tum eſt <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>, cùm plus accedit. </s> <s>Inſuper <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="indiciũ">indicium</expan> <lb></lb>de <expan abbr="incremẽto">incremento</expan> & ortu <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ſpectat ad <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>: non eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> par <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> mutationis, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſuprà monuimus, cum eo quod eſt actu, reuera <expan abbr="fundat̃">fundatur</expan> incrementum, ortus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eo quod eſt poteſtate <lb></lb>duntaxat, hoc verò <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> vel ipſis auctoribus tolerare poſsit; illud <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> repugnet. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="in-crementũ">in<lb></lb>crementum</expan>, quae <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> nutritione reipſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſolùm, mutatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſed motus: quare, vt ipſi vo<lb></lb>lunt, in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> item fiet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id quod ipſi <expan abbr="afferũt">afferunt</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="conſtabiliendã">conſtabiliendam</expan>, pondus habet: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> neque <lb></lb>valeat apud nos: ortus eſt: ergo ſubito <expan abbr="abſoluit̃">abſoluitur</expan>: neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illud. </s> <s>fit <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> quodlibet <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, ergo ſi in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>fiat, erit infinita mutatio, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> poſthàc planius <expan abbr="explicabit̃">explicabitur</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco dicebat pro Auerroë <expan abbr="Põponatius">Pomponatius</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Incrementum ſanè per ſe eſſe <expan abbr="cõparationem">comparationem</expan> quantitatis ex acceſsione nouę materię quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> reuera <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>fit in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan>: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt verè <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan>, quia notari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit profectus diuiduus in <expan abbr="quãtitate">quantitate</expan> cuius <lb></lb>beneficio motus <expan abbr="cõtinuus">continuus</expan> eſt, & in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> fit: verùm ſiquo pacto <expan abbr="cõtinuus">continuus</expan> eſt hic motus, illud eſt, quia vis <lb></lb>nutriens per <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> conſeruatur: nec <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan>, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt eadem <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> continuitatis in motibus vniuerſis, <lb></lb>ſed analogicè: etenim in latione continuitas abſoluta ineſt, & in cęleſti pręcipuè: in cęteris, alteratione <lb></lb>nimirùm & incremento (nanque, vt aiunt ipſi, ortus expers eſt <expan abbr="cõtinuitatis">continuitatis</expan>) ineſt eo modo quo poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm id verè <expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="conſimilẽ">conſimilem</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinuitatis">continuitatis</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> motu: at quantum eſt de re <lb></lb><expan abbr="nr̃a">nostra</expan>; pro eo quod docere vult iſte vir, <expan abbr="nutritionẽ">nutritionem</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="incremẽtum">incrementum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> quæ actus quidam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4093"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>imperfectus eſt, explicat ipſe, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſit energia, quę tota diametro diſtat ab ipſo motu: manſio <lb></lb>enim illa facultatis energia <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus: energian <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vocat Ariſt. </s> <s>eam quæ tota ſimul eſt, <lb></lb>vt non magis ſit nunc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> olim fuiſſet: tales verò ſunt viſio & vita. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Rurſus cogitur aut ponere muta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4094"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem in <expan abbr="quãtitate">quantitate</expan> per accidens, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ad generationem ſubſtantiæ referatur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igitur quattuor mu<lb></lb>tationes per ſe, aut non minus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in relatiuis mutatio per ſe fuerit, cum ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſequatur alias mu<lb></lb>tationes, quae ſi per ſe reſpicit quantum: eſt igitur etiam cùm propria ſucceſsione: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicere rectè <lb></lb>poteſt idem ipſi euenire, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtantiæ quæ verſatur in materia quæ ſolùm poteſtate eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> fit <expan abbr="in-crementũ">in<lb></lb>crementum</expan> in actu ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Rurſus eſt <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> latio: cum diuiſione igitur. </s> <s>Non <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſatis perſpicio, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> auctor ille defendi poſsit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illius ratio <expan abbr="momẽti">momenti</expan> alicuius eſt: aſſumit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="nutritionẽ">nutritionem</expan> à ge<lb></lb>neratione <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſtingui, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> generatio ſit abſoluta mutatio; nutritio verò in eo quod eſt actu. </s> <s>Prætereà ſu<lb></lb>mit aliquid auctioni conuenire ſimpliciter quod illi <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> tribui debet: <expan abbr="naq.">naque</expan> id auctioni adſcri<lb></lb>bit per ſe, quod in illa ineſt merito nutritionis: accipit enim auctionem eſſe nutritionem ſimpliciter; <lb></lb>cùm ipſa cæteroqui nutritioni quantitatem adiiciat: quapropter etiamſi nutritio temporis puncto fiat <lb></lb>incrementum, tamen in tempore <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> ſit; & quanquam ipſum incrementum per minima conficitur: <lb></lb>tamen adiectio minimorum, in qua quidem manet vniuerſa ratio incrementi; non idcirco ſubita eſſe <lb></lb>conuincitur: ſunt enim & ipſa diuidua cauſſa materiæ, & præuias affectiones requirunt.</s></p> <pb pagenum="700"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4091"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4092"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4093"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4094"></margin.target>a 9 Met.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid nobis decrementi continuatione placeat, ediſſeritur, & opiniones aliorum conuelluntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4095"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4095"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOC igitur, iudicio noſtro, neceſſarium: illud autem prorſus probabile quod ab Ariſt. </s> <s>indefinitè <lb></lb><expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan> ipſe Auerroës vniuersè aſſumpſit; nimirùm incrementum eſſe motum <expan abbr="interpellatũ">interpellatum</expan>: <lb></lb>quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt qui nonnunquam <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan> continuatam ad <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> produci non credat, ſi planta <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> <lb></lb>robuſtiſsima fuerit. </s> <s>neque à morbo vllo vnquam <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> vexata & præpedita? </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erit illud, quod <lb></lb>eius <expan abbr="continuationẽ">continuationem</expan> impediat? </s> <s>accipio verò plantam, quia robuſtior eſſe ſolet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> animal; cùm pauciora <lb></lb>habeat inſtrumenta, <expan abbr="maioremq́">maioremque</expan>. </s> <s>temperiei latitudinem: hoc autem, quae fieri poſsit, natura morbi nobis <lb></lb>ſignificat, quæ reponitur in contingentibus; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>facile poteſt abeſſe, ac ſiquis id in eiuſmodi planta, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſe habente euenire negarit, optauerit ipſe potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quicquam illi firmi occurrat quo perſuade<lb></lb>re queat nobis iſtud optatum, cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> temporum variatio repugnat, quæ nunc externis, mox internis <lb></lb>partibus, niſi magnum quid obſtet; <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan> aſsiduè ſubminiſtrat. </s> <s>Neque temporum varietas obſtat, <lb></lb>immò auget continuitatem: nam ſiquid impedit frigus ambientis, ne creſcant externa; id planè <expan abbr="cõfert">confert</expan> <lb></lb>in interna, etſi interna deſeruit calor, mox reſtaurat in externis. </s> <s>Quapropter planta quidem, vt planta <lb></lb>ſemper augebitur, intermiſsio verò fortè per illius partes fiet. </s> <s>At nos continuitatem eius motus per ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4096"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contemplamur. </s> <s>Nam quantum eſt de rationibus allatis, peccant profectò, cùm ex eo quòd accipiunt <lb></lb>multos motus ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> incrementi <expan abbr="cõplendam">complendam</expan> requiri; tum etiam quòd ponunt partes magnitudi<lb></lb>nis non poſſe reſpondere partibus temporis, quo abſoluitur id quod augetur: quandoquidem per acci<lb></lb>dens obtinet <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>, quòd ob varias mutationes, quas poſtulat, cùm intermiſsione fiat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illos <lb></lb>motus incrementi partes eſſe conceſſerim, niſi quatenus dum <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> ex illis <expan abbr="motib9">motibus</expan> natura aggreditur; <lb></lb>ſimul <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> corpus extendit, vt cùm amplificato nutrimento ſimul item vaſa porriguntur. </s> <s>Sed ſpectemus <lb></lb>tantummodò <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> mutationem, in qua è poteſtate quanto fit actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, an'ne fit neceſſariò motus in<lb></lb>terruptus: ac certè ſiqua eſt ratio qua nobis id probetur; illa eſt, quæ <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan> à proportione, quæ inter<lb></lb>cedit inter tempus quo <expan abbr="miniſtrat̃">miniſtratur</expan> incrementum & <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> adiunctam, quę item nullius roboris eſt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> obiici poſſent incrementa velociſsima, in quibus <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> breuiſsimo quantitas immenſa <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, cur, obſecro, in eo motu partes quantitatis partibus <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reſpondebunt? </s> <s>verùm quid <lb></lb>cogit nos has machinas <expan abbr="cõminiſci">comminiſci</expan>; quandò quęlibet magnitudo finita in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> ſecari non minus <expan abbr="põt9">pontus</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tempus? </s> <s>Prætereà ſi fateamur partes quantitatis non reſpondere partibus temporis, vt ſi tempus in<lb></lb>dimidia, partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> incrementi in aliud genus <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> diſſecentur quid inde abſurdi colligitur? </s> <s>At <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> ſic fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe; proptereà quae flagitat <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> minimorum quorum ſanè <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> eſt definita. <lb></lb></s> <s>Merę nugę, non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vidit ipſe Auerroës <expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan> fore <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> <expan abbr="minimorũ">minimorum</expan>, vbi per ſe <expan abbr="ſubſiſtãt">ſubſiſtant</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4097"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in alio fit, non neceſſariò <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> eſt: nam <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> minimi <expan abbr="vertit̃">vertitur</expan> in <expan abbr="ambiẽs">ambiens</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="adiunctũ">adiunctum</expan> illius <lb></lb>forma potitur. </s> <s>Iam verò audiuimus nutritionem & <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> non eſſe generationes <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="ſub-ſiſtentiũ">ſub<lb></lb>ſiſtentium</expan>, ſed in alio: quare <expan abbr="minimorũ">minimorum</expan> generatio neceſſaria non eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Põponatius">Pomponatius</expan> item, philoſophus in Pe<lb></lb>ripatetica diſciplina <expan abbr="noſtrorũ">noſtrorum</expan> patrum ętate clariſsimus, opinatus eſt <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> eſſe neceſſariò motum <lb></lb><expan abbr="interruptũ">interruptum</expan> ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ductus, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> illa quæ <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan>, quod ſit ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> de illius <lb></lb>partibus prædicantur: motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, continuatio verò ineſt in motu <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>: ergo <lb></lb>quibuſdam perfectius, aliis verò minus perfectè, & lationi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> perfectiſsimè. </s> <s>explanat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eiuſmodi <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſeriẽ">ſeriem</expan>, hoc modo: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> is ordo <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> inter reliquas ſpecies motus intercedere, vt proximè de alteratione, <lb></lb>poſtremò de auctione <expan abbr="dicat̃">dicatur</expan>: quo fit, vt auctio inter motus <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> admodùm retineat naturæ, & <expan abbr="proprie-tarũ">proprie<lb></lb>tarum</expan> ipſius motus. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> debeat vnus eſſe ſuapte natura motus; eſt verò vnus, tum quia <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> mo<lb></lb>bile <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> vno, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>& hę <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan> <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> in latione <expan abbr="ſpectent̃">ſpectentur</expan>, ea <lb></lb>neceſſariò motus erit pręcipuè. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eędẽ">Eędem</expan> <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan> in alteratione <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> verùm minus exactè <expan abbr="reperiunt̃">reperiuntur</expan>, quae <lb></lb>alteratio <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> eſſe affectio <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> ad <expan abbr="ĩteritũ">interitum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſeruat̃">conſeruatur</expan>, ſed aliud potius quod adęquet. </s> <s>Vltimò <expan abbr="adsũt">adsunt</expan> hę <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="lãguidiſsimè">languidiſsimè</expan> in <expan abbr="incremẽto">incremento</expan>: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> pollet eiſdem pręmiis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cęteri motus. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ſpectat ad id quae <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, in auctione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4098"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adeſt corruptio nutrimenti, & generatio partis exhauſtę. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> attinet ad id quae <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ſit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, auctio <lb></lb>fit per <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> <expan abbr="minimorũ">minimorum</expan> quę intermiſſa eſt: vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſequitur, vt auctio motus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ſit interruptus. </s> <s>Multa <lb></lb>verò <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="reprehẽdere">reprehendere</expan> poſsimus in hac <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan>, vt veſtigiis Ariſt. </s> <s>inſiſtamus, exploremus in primis <lb></lb><expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> <expan abbr="cõſecutionis">conſecutionis</expan>. </s> <s>vbi inquit, <expan abbr="Motũ">Motum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="nomẽ">nomen</expan>. </s> <s>ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fatemur. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan> quę <expan abbr="insũt">insunt</expan> <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> motu, <lb></lb>partib. ipſius ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <expan abbr="tribuent̃">tribuentur</expan>. </s> <s>& hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> damus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Igit̃">Igitur</expan> <expan abbr="cõcludit">concludit</expan> & <expan abbr="cõtinuationẽ">continuationem</expan>. </s> <s>& hoc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="con-cedat̃">con<lb></lb>cedatur</expan>. </s> <s>Sed illud <expan abbr="poſtremũ">poſtremum</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>in auctione <expan abbr="lãguidiorẽ">languidiorem</expan> <expan abbr="futurã">futuram</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> putamus, ac <expan abbr="ſiqs">ſi quis</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <expan abbr="cõcluſionis">concluſionis</expan> <expan abbr="cõfirmationẽ">confirmationem</expan> poſtulet; certè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aliũde">aliunde</expan> <expan abbr="petet̃">petetur</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab ipſis initiis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="nup̨">nuper</expan> <expan abbr="ſigillatĩ">ſigillatim</expan> <expan abbr="repudiauim9">repudiauimus</expan>. <lb></lb>Prętereà <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ait <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> verè <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eo, quae <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> illius <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> prorſus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, ſed <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="tãtun-dẽ">tantun<lb></lb>dem</expan> valeat, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus fateri debet <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="lationẽ">lationem</expan> <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> à generante <expan abbr="producit̃">producitur</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> quo moueor ego, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ſine intermiſsione ſpatior: augeor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ego <expan abbr="sũ">sum</expan>, niſi ex æqui<lb></lb>paratione, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt Heracliti opinio <expan abbr="reuertat̃">reuertatur</expan>, nil prorſus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> duob. </s> <s><expan abbr="pũctis">punctis</expan> permanere poſſe <expan abbr="censẽtis">censentis</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, cùm ſint <expan abbr="p̨accidẽs">peraccidens</expan>, in <expan abbr="explicãda">explicanda</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura nob. </s> <s>negligenda <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſe tribuit auctioni, <lb></lb>quae vna eſſe nequeat, hoc <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per ſe illi <expan abbr="cõueniret">conueniret</expan>, ſed merito nutritionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> vidit <expan abbr="Põponatius">Pomponatius</expan>, <expan abbr="etiãſi">etiamſi</expan> <lb></lb>interitus <expan abbr="alimẽti">alimenti</expan>, & ortus <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> <expan abbr="requirat̃">requiratur</expan>, <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> auctionis <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> eo <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> eſt: hoc <lb></lb>verò idem permanere docebimus. </s> <s>poſteà, quia .ſ. </s> <s>maneat eadem forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod eſt potentia quan<lb></lb>tum, illud eſt quod nos aſſerimus eſſe verum ſubiectum <expan abbr="incremẽti">incrementi</expan>, & quod verè dicimus permanere. <pb pagenum="701"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4099"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſpectandum eſſe <expan abbr="minimorũ">minimorum</expan> <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> quæ fortaſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> impedit, quominus vnus ſit motus <lb></lb>beneficio temporis, quoniam incrementum ſe habet in extentionem <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> (hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio eſt, & eſſen<lb></lb>tia ipſius incrementi, licèt non fiat, niſi per nutritionem, hoc eſt, productionem, & <expan abbr="appoſitionẽ">appoſitionem</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <lb></lb>quæ ſunt actu quantæ) quam nemo vnquam neceſſariò interruptam fore probarit. </s> <s>Verùm quia con<lb></lb>cluſum <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>motum eſſe diuiduum, quod idem valet <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> continuum (eadem eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ratio) ex eo quae ſubiectum partibile fuerit: duo prætereà ſunt quæ hîc aduertenda cenſeam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm ſicut aliqua eius pars <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe continua; de reliquis item conſimile iudicium fieri poſſe. </s> <s>De<lb></lb>inde quid'nam ſit <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſubiectum quod partibilem & continuam efficiat <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan>. </s> <s>Dico verò ad hæc <lb></lb>ſubiectum auctionis eſſe ſubſtantiam animatam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem mortalem. </s> <s><expan abbr="quantã">quantam</expan>, vt <expan abbr="quãta">quanta</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>quæ cùm poteſtate <expan abbr="quãta">quanta</expan> ſit, fieri debet actu quanta: <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> ex hiſce terminis in alios acceſsione no<lb></lb>uæ ſubſtantiæ quantæ tranſmutetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãobrem">Quanobrem</expan> tota illa quantitas ſubſtantiæ quæ <expan abbr="cõprehẽditur">comprehenditur</expan> in<lb></lb>tra terminos à quo & ad quem eſt primum ſubiectum auctionis, quæ cùm ex acceſsione quanti per<lb></lb>mutetur, hæc verò ſuapte natura partibilis ſit, in cauſſa eſt, cur auctio diuidua ſit, & continua, &, vt <lb></lb>vnico verbo <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> complectar, auctio quanta eſt, quoniam eſt acquiſitio quantitatis, aut ſubſtantię ip<lb></lb>ſius, quatenus quanta eſt: cùm cęteroqui, ſi non ita diuidua ſit, verùm merito ſubſtantiæ quæ gene<lb></lb>ratur, indiuidua; nulla certè ſit ratio, <expan abbr="quãobrem">quanobrem</expan> partes auctionis item continuæ ſint: nam quæ, obſe<lb></lb>cro, continuitatis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> in illa vnquam reperiatur, ſi eius adeptio per eiuſmodi munera procedat, quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4100"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>temporis veſtigio producuntur? </s> <s>ita verò ab omni <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> motus abhorrebit, & erit aggregatio <expan abbr="pluriũ">plurium</expan> <lb></lb>mutationum, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> omnium ſenſui reclamat qui in motibus eam ſine vlla controuerſia repo<lb></lb>nunt, & certè cùm in tempore abſoluatur, & terminos habeat poſitiuos, vt bicubitum & tricubitum, <lb></lb>omni dubio procul eſt motus: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quod è compluribus mutationibus non niſi mutatio <lb></lb>exiſtit, quæ item diuidi non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quia mutationes illæ per ſe indiuiduæ ſunt, vt ipſi ferunt. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> <lb></lb>obſtat, quae auctio ſit proceſſus ab imperfecta quantitate ad perfectam, vt tranſitum à priuatione ad <lb></lb>habitum eſſe verearis, quia quantitas imperfecta illa eſt in qua primùm viuentis forma conſiſtit, quę <lb></lb>profectò aliquid actu eſt, ideò per ſe terminus motus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4096"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4097"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4098"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4099"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4100"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm crementum, & decrementum ſint continui quidam motus; an status inter vtraque <lb></lb>intercedat. </s> <s>Caput XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM auctionis <expan abbr="continuitatẽ">continuitatem</expan> ſeorſum <expan abbr="cõſiderauimus">conſiderauimus</expan>; age nunc, & illud <expan abbr="contẽplemur">contemplemur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> ſe habeat ad <expan abbr="decrementũ">decrementum</expan>; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi perſpicuè <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> à medicis & philoſophis <foreign lang="grc">ἀχμὴ</foreign>, <lb></lb>ſeu vigor, ac media <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ætas, vt virilis in qua natura quieſcere <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>; at ſuſpicari poſſe <expan abbr="q̨ſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> hoc ita <lb></lb>ſenſum iudicare qui <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> exquiſitus iudex eſſe non ſolet: <expan abbr="attñ">attamen</expan> <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> ex <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="cõuinci">conuinci</expan>, quę vis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4101"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt multò accuratior in iudicando, nunc ratio dictat inter hos motus ſtatum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> interponi non <lb></lb>poſſe; ſiquidem ſpectata motus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> cauſſa ſic effici poſsit <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>: Auctio & illi oppoſita di<lb></lb>minutio pendent ex proportione caloris ad <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>: quae auget calor, vbi ſit efficax; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſuperat, & appo<lb></lb>nere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; minuit, vbi ſit languidus & non efficax, quia ſuperatur: atqui inter efficax & non efficax <lb></lb>nihil intercedit; nec igitur intercedet <expan abbr="quicq̈">quicquam</expan> inter <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> & decrementum. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contradicen<lb></lb>tia, proinde aut ſuperabit calor, aut ſuperabitur neceſſariò: ſuperans augebit, ſuperatus diminuet: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in viuente vel auctio, vel diminutio neceſſariò. </s> <s>Deinde in auctionis extremo vel erit <expan abbr="æq.">æque</expan> robu<lb></lb>ſta, vel minus: ſi neges, ergo non erit ſtatus, ſed diminutio. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="æq.">æque</expan> <expan abbr="validã">validam</expan> fatearis; cur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> item augebit? <lb></lb></s> <s>igitur incrementi nulla finis extabit: hoc quidem naturæ magis aduerſatur quæ ſemper in <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> con<lb></lb>tendit, & <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> declinat <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> conatu: ergo proximè ſuccedet auctioni diminutio. </s> <s>Quia verò clamat <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>effici non poſſe, vt motus contrarij ſint <expan abbr="cõtinui">continui</expan>: ſiquidem motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> fine determinetur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit vnus <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinui">continui</expan> motus; ergo, & idem erit finis <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtrariorum">contrariorum</expan>, ſi continui fuerint. </s> <s>qua<lb></lb>propter id quod augebitur, vnà diminuetur, & quatenus augetur; diminuetur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>; & <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> augebitur, <lb></lb>quatenus diminuitur, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> nihil, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tolerat natura, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mens humana conſequi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: ſi non con<lb></lb>tinui ſunt; dicemus eos eſſe contiguos, quae ab vltimo prioris termino accipiatur <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> ſubſequentis. <lb></lb></s> <s>At & Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, qua vſus eſt 8. Phyſ. & ea <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> nuper attulimus, euertunt huiuſmodi placitum. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>docuit Ariſt. </s> <s>inter duos motus <expan abbr="cõtrarios">contrarios</expan> intercedere <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, & idcirco <expan abbr="tp̃s">temporis</expan>; <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="tp̃s">temporis</expan> eſt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4102"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus .ſ. </s> <s>& quietis, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> n. </s> <s>concludit. </s> <s>Vtitur vno <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> vt duob. </s> <s>ergo cadit media quies: quae inter duo <lb></lb><expan abbr="pũcta">puncta</expan> <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> extat <expan abbr="cõtinuũ">continuum</expan>, aliter <expan abbr="cõponeretur">componeretur</expan> ex indiuiduis. </s> <s>Ergo ſunt duo puncta, alterum, quòd eſt <lb></lb>finis incrementi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum quae eſt principium diminutionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & quies & tempus inter <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> <lb></lb>motus intercedant oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt in eodem ſubiecto, & inter eoſdem terminos exiſtant <lb></lb>motus contigui qui ſint oppoſiti, <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> neceſſariò vel aliud eſt ſubiectum, quòd fertur ab oppoſito <lb></lb>termino, vt ſi tu <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> puncto diſcedas à calce quo ego ad ipſum perueni: vel alij termini. </s> <s>aut ſi cum <lb></lb>primum perueni ad calcem, ego ſudare <expan abbr="incipiã">incipiam</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & hoc naturę curſum peruertit, qui adnotatus <lb></lb>eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>nimirum quòd natura producit, vt ad ſtatum deducat, & in eo, quo ad licet, <expan abbr="deductũ">deductum</expan> con<lb></lb>ſeruet. </s> <s>Prætereà, aut punctum illud quod eſt initium futuri motus, & finis <expan abbr="antecedẽtis">antecedentis</expan>, vnum eſt aut <lb></lb>differt: ſi differre dixeris: ergo tempus & quies intercedat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>ſi idem eſſe volueris; aut Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ratio corruet, cùm ponat ipſe <expan abbr="tp̃s">temporis</expan> in vſu eiuſdem puncti ad diuerſos terminos, aut motus, oppoſiti <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtinuabuntur">continuabuntur</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan>, quod eſt vnius finis, & alterius principium, & eadem abſurda re<lb></lb>uertentur, quæ paullo ante obtruſimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ô bone Sueſſane eſt hîc, quae tuum illum ſtatum <expan abbr="momẽta-neum">momenta<lb></lb>neum</expan>, inquis tu, admiremur inter <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan> & decrementum, qui etiam non videris <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> ſuapte na <pb pagenum="702"></pb>tura <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> afferre. </s> <s>Similiter ô doctiſsimè Theophile, quia quies exiſtat ſolùm inter motus <expan abbr="cõtrarios">contrarios</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4103"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vbi proximè ſibi ſuccedant, <expan abbr="cõtinui">continui</expan> fuerint, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> negat <expan abbr="incremẽto">incremento</expan> & decremento <expan abbr="interueniẽtib">interuenientib</expan>. </s> <s>aliis mo<lb></lb>tib. & appoſitione & agglutinatione & aſsimulatione, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſum ego approbare, qui nouerim <expan abbr="cremen-tũ">cremen<lb></lb>tum</expan> & <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> eſſe inter oppoſitos terminos, <expan abbr="conuenientẽ">conuenientem</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="diſconuenientẽ">diſconuenientem</expan> <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, & <expan abbr="vi-deã">vi<lb></lb>deam</expan> hunc <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> à cæteris eſſentia ſeparari. </s> <s>Ego vel <expan abbr="cõtinuabunt̃">continuabuntur</expan> oppoſiti motus, vel quies intercedet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Melius Egidius, qui inter oppoſitos illos motus <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> eſſe putauit, ſed quaſi <expan abbr="latebrã">latebram</expan> <expan abbr="q̃rens">quarens</expan> eum finxit <lb></lb><expan abbr="inſenſilẽ">inſenſilem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſe cognouit ex eo dicto vim ſuæ <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> labefactari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſi ex hoc ſtatum <lb></lb>non interponi cenſet; quia naſcatur ex illo, quae cauſſæ ſe habeant vt <expan abbr="cõtradicentia">contradicentia</expan>, deinde ſubrogat <expan abbr="ſta-tũ">ſta<lb></lb>tum</expan> <expan abbr="inſenſilẽ">inſenſilem</expan>, aut cauſſæ non ſe habebunt, vt contradicentia, ſecus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille ſibi ſumpſerit: aut inter <expan abbr="cõ-tradicentia">con<lb></lb>tradicentia</expan> medium non negabit, <expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> inſenſile poterit intercedere; ſed quis audiit <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtra-dicentia">contra<lb></lb>dicentia</expan> medio vacare, non ſimpliciter, ſed eo quod ſit ſenſile, inſenſile <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> admittere? </s> <s>Mitto <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> falſum <lb></lb>illud ſit, cùm & <expan abbr="longiſsimũ">longiſsimum</expan>, & <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> <expan abbr="p̨ſpicuum">perſpicuum</expan> poſsit eſſe ſtatus <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan>: & ex functionib. perfectis <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cęcutienti ſeſe prodat. </s> <s>Ergo nos <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ſtatum inter <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> motus eſſe credimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſen-ſilẽ">ſen<lb></lb>ſilem</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> de illius ingenio, & eſſentia dubitare licet, ſit'ne aliquid <expan abbr="poſitiuũ">poſitiuum</expan> an potius priuans, <expan abbr="quẽ-admodũ">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> opinatus eſt Gandauenſis: ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> collocauit in hoc quae natura nec augeret, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> minue<lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>Etenim eo <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> nutrit, & conſeruat: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſunt ex præſentia cauſſæ, & <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> poſitiui præſefe<lb></lb>runt. </s> <s>Rurſus, ita ſe habet ſtatus in hoc munere, vt terminus motus: etenim creſcit viuens, vt ad <expan abbr="debitã">debitam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> <expan abbr="deducat̃">deducatur</expan>, qua <expan abbr="cõparata">comparata</expan> quieſcit, quicquid ex eo ſtatu <expan abbr="deponit̃">deponitur</expan>, eſt proceſſus ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4104"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> homo extiterit, vel morbo, vel ſenio <expan abbr="cõtabſcat">contabſcat</expan>, qui motus non reſpicit <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="p̨fectã">perfectam</expan>, <lb></lb>veluti <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, ſed ſequitur prorſus <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> materiæ, quare tum forma eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> & <expan abbr="poſitiuũ">poſitiuum</expan> ſimpliciter, eſt <lb></lb>& perfectum. </s> <s>Idcirco non aliter hîc dicerem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conſueuerim, cùm motum confero cum quiete na<lb></lb>turali; etenim ſi fluxum ſpectes, habetur optimo iure habitus. </s> <s>Magis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſum pulſat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> faciat quies: <lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> quæ fluit, quies eſt longè perfectior, quia ſequitur actum, & eiicit <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="ptãtem">potestatem</expan> è materia, ſic ſta<lb></lb>tus imitatur actum; reliqui motus: aut illo <expan abbr="tanq.">tanque</expan> fine terminantur; aut ſunt ad eius perniciem: & mo<lb></lb>tus illi ſenſui ſeſe magis oſtendent: ergo, quà fluxus crementum, & decrementum <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> obtinet habi<lb></lb>tus, quà verò res, quæ fluit, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſtatus eſt vt finis & habitus, & planè poſitiuum, non <lb></lb>priuans, vt ille dicebat. </s> <s>His ſic expoſitis conuerto me ad <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> quæ ab Egidio & Sueſſano propoſitæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="fuerãt">fuerant</expan>: & ea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> qua vſus eſt Egidius eadem fallacia laborat; <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſępius aduerſus Scotum in hoc <lb></lb>volumine indicaui, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> inter vniuoca & ambigua medium nullum cadere concludebat. </s> <s>inter contra<lb></lb>dicentia planè medium non cadit, ſed vt <expan abbr="contradicẽtia">contradicentia</expan> ſint; ſimpliciter accipiantur oportet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt <lb></lb>aiunt dialectici, <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan> diſtrahit de <expan abbr="repugnãtia">repugnantia</expan>, proinde album & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> album ſumpta ſimpliciter <expan abbr="cõtra-dicentia">contra<lb></lb>dicentia</expan> ſunt, & intereà nihil intercedit, ſi <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> ſummè intellexeris, & non album, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt <expan abbr="hmõi">huiusmodi</expan>, vt ni<lb></lb>hil habeat de albedine: profectò inter illa eſt aliquod <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>; nec contradicunt: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquid, quod nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4105"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſummè <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> eſt, nec ſummè non album, ſic in re noſtra efficax & non efficax, ſi ſimpliciter acceperis, <lb></lb>contradicentia ſunt, & medio vacant: vtrùm ſi cum <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan> ſumantur, & medium eſt inter illa, & <lb></lb>vna conſiſtunt. </s> <s>Igitur aut ſimpliciter efficax, & non efficax accepit Egidius, & tunc falſum erit, quae in <lb></lb>ſtatu <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> calor non ſit efficax: non eſt fortè ſummè efficax; nihilominus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> efficacitatem de<lb></lb>poſuit: ſi ſummè efficax & non efficax acceperit, at hæc non ſunt contradicentia, <expan abbr="mediumq́">mediumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="hñt">habent</expan>, in <lb></lb>quo ſtatum ipſum collocari dicimus. </s> <s>At effectus, inquies, non ſunt <expan abbr="euidẽtes">euidentes</expan>? </s> <s>in ſtatu, quippe quae ibi ſit <lb></lb>conſeruatio tantùm, ſed in auctione, aliquid <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, <expan abbr="p̃ſtatur">proſtatur</expan> vltra conſeruationem. </s> <s>Dico, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicto meo <lb></lb>medici conſentiant <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> & efficacitatem in duob. </s> <s>eſſe <expan abbr="poſitã">poſitam</expan> veluti principiis præſtantia formę, & <lb></lb>propenſione materiæ. </s> <s>Proptereà, <expan abbr="q̃tum">quantum</expan> pertinet ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, eadem eſt vis & eſſentia, putatu, caloris inna<lb></lb>ti, & in augumento, & ſtatu; ſed quia materia minus humida eſt vitæ proceſſu, magis item reſiſtit, & mi<lb></lb>nus obedit agenti, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>profectus minor eſſe <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>: at verò ſi proportio diligentius veſtigetur; ea fortè ma<lb></lb>ior eſt in ſtatu <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in augumento. </s> <s><expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calor eſſe intentior, & magis igneus, at minus promouet, quae ma<lb></lb>gis ei materia reſiſtit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> proportio patientis ad agens, cùm aucta ſit; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi robur idem fuerit, opus <lb></lb>idem non efficit. </s> <s>Ex hoc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tollitur obiectio poſterior: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi demus <expan abbr="æq.">æque</expan> robuſtam eſſe vim <lb></lb>nutrientem; at <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> multò eſt reſiſtentia maior: idcirco non vis ipſa variatur <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> ſubſtantiam, ſed ex <lb></lb>euento, cùm immutetur proportio inter agens & patiens. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi concedatur, virtutem in ex<lb></lb>trema auctione minus eſſe robuſtam; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ob id ſequitur, vt ſit diminutio: etenim ex repaſsione victo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4106"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ria quidem ceſſare poteſt: at non protinus ceſsio ſuccedit, ſed pugna <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> æqualis: nec ceſsio ex <lb></lb><expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> virium diminutione vel amplificatione ſuccedit, ſed certam repugnantis <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan> po<lb></lb>ſtulat. </s> <s>totum id igitur quod inter exuperantiam prioris, & exuperantiam poſterioris intercedit, in <lb></lb><expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> poſitum eſt, & efficit ſtatum, prius ex æquo loco decertantib. poſtmodùm eo diſcedente inferio<lb></lb>re quod anteà fuit ſuperius. </s> <s>Ergo non <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> virium debilitatio infert ceſsionem, ſed cùm id quod antè <lb></lb>vicebatur, victoriam proceſſu temporis adeptum eſt: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita fit in augumento, & decremento, quan<lb></lb>dò ſuperante calore fit auctio; cùm amplius non ſuperat. </s> <s>contingit verò ex impotentia patiendi, quę <lb></lb>eſt in materia; ceſſat auctio: cùm poſteà nutrimentum dominatum fuit, cępit diminutio.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4101"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4102"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4103"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4104"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4105"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4106"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Eius quæſtionis ergo Idem'ne perpetuò conſeruetur id quod creſcit ab initio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad finem; diſſeritur <lb></lb>generatim, an id quod interijt, idem numero reuerti queat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVICQVID <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſit de <expan abbr="cõtinuatione">continuatione</expan> incrementi, & de ſucceſsione <expan abbr="decremẽti">decrementi</expan>; vnum id maneat <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> his eſt <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan> mutationib. eſſe <expan abbr="aĩatum">ainatum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> mortale, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> ex vi naturę <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <pb pagenum="703"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4107"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>munis ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; quia nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="notũ">notum</expan>; ſimpliciter <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> poni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubiectum eſt nutritionis, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> mutationum quę ad eam <expan abbr="cõplendã">complendam</expan> <expan abbr="requirunt̃">requiruntur</expan>, quas <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> multas eſſe nuper accepimus: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>Alexandri <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> probamus; quanuis aſſentiatur illi Philoponus qui nullam viuentis, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, <lb></lb>propriam eſſe alterationem putauit, ſed quà corpus eſt & naturale: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alias animantium peculia <lb></lb>res ſignificat nob. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s>& ipſa natura: ſiquidem digeſtio propriè fiat in animato; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>calor qui di<lb></lb>gerit, eſt ſimpliciter naturalis; ſed planè ſuperata propenſione natiua regitur ab anima. </s> <s>digeſtio verò <lb></lb>per ſe, & primò non ſubſtantia, vel quanto, ſed quali terminatur: ſimiliter viuens, vt viuens è genere <lb></lb>mortalium alitur & augetur; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> forma, aut figura, quicquid dicat Philoponus, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus mate<lb></lb>ria, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> cenſet Auerroës: multo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magis abeſt à conſtantia, & firmitate quæ requiritur in <lb></lb>eo quod augetur, materia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> forma, ſed ſiquo pacto augeri <expan abbr="dicunt̃">dicuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="accipiunt̃">accipiuntur</expan> veluti ſubiecta quæ pri<lb></lb>ma excipientia vocamus, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nil hactenus expoſuimus vberius, ſingula mox patefacturi. </s> <s>De hoc <lb></lb><expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ſubiecto, quod eſt corpus viuens, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>mortale, magnæ lites extiterunt. </s> <s>Vtrùm idem ab initio ad <lb></lb>exitum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> nec ne permanere poſsit; nam cum materia forma collabi <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ratio conuincit <lb></lb><expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> interierit, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> poſſe reuerti; cur non magis <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> permanebit, quod viuit adhuc; & re<lb></lb>tinet eandem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; aut ſaltem fungitur eiſdem munerib.? Hæc ſanè ſpeculatio tametſi apud Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>non videtur habere locum, quae acceptum ſit veluti <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> per ſe notum, id, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod interiit, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4108"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4109"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſſe redire, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> indicat nob. </s> <s>ea nota ſubcontinuatiua <foreign lang="grc">ἐειδήπερ</foreign>, qua ibi vſus eſt Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>& cuius vim frequenter audiſti ex Græcis, quae valeat ad indicandum id quod aſſumitur nonmodò <expan abbr="ve-rũ">ve<lb></lb>rum</expan> eſſe, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> perſpicuum: vti non expoſitum ſit in calce II. de Ortu, eadem ſimpliciter æterna ſola re<lb></lb>uerti ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, caduca verò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>, & ſenſus ita monſtrat: quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> aliquib. rationib. aduerſus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <lb></lb>propoſitionem pugnatum fuiſſe nouimus, & eius cognitio pertinet ad methodum <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>. </s> <s>nos hîc <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> adhibebimus <foreign lang="grc">ἀπαγωγὴν</foreign> & abductionem, ac rem phyſicè tractabimus id perpetuò monentes, hęc <lb></lb>illo animo <expan abbr="litterarũ">litterarum</expan> monumentis <expan abbr="cõmendari">commendari</expan>, ſiquid contra veritatem concludatur, non vt maieſtas <lb></lb>diuina, <expan abbr="pietaſq́">pietaſque</expan>. </s> <s>Chriſtiana labefactetur, ſed vt humana arrogantia minuatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quicunq.">Quicunque</expan> igitur probare <lb></lb>potuerit eadem eius eſſe principia quod interiit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterius quod ſubinde naſcetur, is <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="negotiũ">negotium</expan> <lb></lb>confecerit: etenim cauſſas effecta imitantur, vt <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> cauſſæ generales ſunt <expan abbr="effectuũ">effectuum</expan> genera<lb></lb>lium; ſic & <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> cauſſas eorundem <expan abbr="effectorũ">effectorum</expan> eſſe oporteat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi cauſſæ ſunt eædem numero: ergo <lb></lb>& effectus <expan abbr="iidẽ">iidem</expan> numero ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Proinde Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vſus eſt in Empedoclem illo argumento, quae <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4110"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſet noui mundi generatio; ſi elementa è ſphæro in hunc <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> adducta conſtituerent <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan>; ſed <lb></lb>alteratio <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, non ſecus àc ſi è puero quiſpiam fieret ſenex, & rurſus è ſene puer: etenim <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="erãt">erant</expan> <lb></lb>elementa numero, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>numero efficientia, lis & amicitia. </s> <s>Sic igitur argumentabor. </s> <s>Vbi <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>numero principia, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> erit numero effectus. </s> <s>Sed eædem numero ſunt cauſſæ eius <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> interiit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eius <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> poſteà genitum eſt: ergo & illa <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cauſſæ ſunt materies & forma: materia verò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4111"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit vel prima, vel proxima: de materia prima dubium non eſt, quin ipſa ſit in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> indiuiduo ſuperſtes <lb></lb>vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimpliciter. </s> <s>quare <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> pertinet ad hoc principium, nihil obſtat ſanè quo minus idem <lb></lb>numero reuertatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſcriminis <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan> continet in ſeipſa carens <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma, & æqua lege <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> capax, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cuncta vnum eſſe huius materiæ priuilegio conceſſerit Heraclito Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Faciamus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4112"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nunc primæ huic materiæ ſuperuenire <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; veluti Græci dicunt, qui <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas quæ vel <lb></lb>ſunt primæ qualitates; vel primis reſpondent qualitatib. in nuda materia ponunt, ſiue illi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> qui for<lb></lb>mas illas <expan abbr="cões">cones</expan> auerſantur, ſiue aliquam <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primam, quemadmodum nos ipſi defendimus: <lb></lb>hæc item erit vna neceſſariò, quandoquidem per ſeipſam forma eſt vna; quicquid <expan abbr="hẽt">habet</expan> diſcriminis, <lb></lb>& multitudinis, id acceptum refert materię, cæterum ipſa eſt vna: ergo & forma. </s> <s>Procedamus ad ma<lb></lb>teriam ſecundam: cùm hæc item ſit materia prima forma quadam prædita, & hæc vnum <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuò faciat: ergo & ipſa eſt vna: & eadem rurſus hîc ea ſubiiciam, quæ de forma oppo<lb></lb>ſui: ſiquidem & ipſa vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>futura ſit; & <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> vnum, & idem. </s> <s>Prætereà ſpectemus ip<lb></lb>ſam materiam ſeorſum: ea ſanè <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe, & non eſſe: fit nunc, eadem non eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: rurſus vbi non ſit; <lb></lb>nil vetat, quo minus ea ſit: aut igitur illud idem eſt eſſe àc prius; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>indiuiduum idem; aut aliud <lb></lb>eſſe, ſi fuerit aliud; eam potentiam <expan abbr="qñq.">quandoque</expan> fruſtrari contingeret, id verò abſurdum eſt. </s> <s>Nam finge tu ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4113"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teriam mundi, quæ vno indiuiduo tantummodò terminatur, eam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> terminari oppoſito; pereat <lb></lb>mundus; aut materia retinebit eandem poteſtatem ad mundum: aut non: hoc dari non poteſt, quae de <lb></lb>natura poteſtatis ſit repugnantia reſpicere: ſi concedas, aut idem erit mundus, aut alter: ſi alterum <lb></lb>fatearis, aut igitur mundus non vnus; aut poteſtas quæ ſtatuitur ad illum, fruſtrabitur: ſi eundem <lb></lb>fore dixeris: ergo idem numero remeare poterit. </s> <s>Idcirco videtur mihi Simplicius <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> confiteri elemen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4114"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ta eadem <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> redire, tametſi compoſita variari concedit? </s> <s>Alexander, & Auerroës, cum his item Aui<lb></lb>cenna conſenſit; id conſtantiſsimè negarunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> exiſtimare potuerunt eadem eſſe principia geniti, <lb></lb>& corrupti, quin idem ſpecie foret; <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſimplex eſſet: & ea Auicennæ verba <expan abbr="celebrant̃">celebrantur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> glo<lb></lb>rioſum dare <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> temperamentum proprium cuius particeps aliud eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet: <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pa<lb></lb>lam profeſsi ſunt idem numero non redire. </s> <s>Sed cui'nam ex his principiis id adſcribendum ſit, lis eſt <lb></lb>inter Auerroëm & Alexandrum: <expan abbr="namq.">namque</expan> Auerroës <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> id totum materiæ tribuit. </s> <s>Alexander in cal<lb></lb>ce II. de Ortu ipſi formæ: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſui immemor ibidem Auerroës in Alexandri <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> ceſsit. </s> <s>Verùm ſi <lb></lb>ab efficiente materia præparatur, & in efficiente idem actus ineſt qui anteà fuerat: vt in candela ac<lb></lb>cenſa actus idem luminis per quem afficitur altera. </s> <s>quapropter & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma, cur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> non erit idem <lb></lb>effectus? </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> id, quae materia ſit huius rei cauſſa, vt olim dixit Auerroës, ita oppono: quia res <pb pagenum="704"></pb>impetrauit, vt eſſet, à forma potiſsimum: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae eadem ſit, formæ beneficio <expan abbr="cõſequetur">conſequetur</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4115"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> modus vnius, ſed eſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> principio pendet, ex quo pendet, quae ſit, ergo & eſſe <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>: <lb></lb>atqui tale principium eſt forma. </s> <s>Prætereà contra Alexandrum. </s> <s>Materia variata variatur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> forma; <lb></lb><expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ſemper eſt ex neceſsitate formæ: vt ſi gladius eſt, & ferrum; <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> niſi fuerit <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan>; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> gladius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur ab oppoſito forma permanente conſeruabitur item materia. </s> <s>Non igitur formis tribuendum, <lb></lb>quominus idem permaneat <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Equidẽ">Equidem</expan> ſic opinor <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ex his principiis idem ſupereſſe nu<lb></lb>mero, <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> quod olim interierit, idem eſſe <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> futurum. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ibidem teſtatus eſt Auicenna; <lb></lb>licèt occaſionem dederit inquirendi cauſſam talis differentiæ: <expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> ipſe moneret ad id, quòd <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> vnum foret numero, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> flagitari. </s> <s>Si verò forma vna ſit; <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe oportere, <expan abbr="q̃obrem">quamobrem</expan> ex cauſsis externis, ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <expan abbr="effectuũ">effectuum</expan> <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> <expan abbr="p̨manere">permanere</expan> ſtatuebat: quaſi <lb></lb>verò ab vna candela plures non accenderentur: nec indiuidua per ſe ipſa, & intrinſecùs haberent, <lb></lb>vnde diſtinguerentur: potuit ſanè obſeruare, ſi diuerſa forent <expan abbr="efficiẽtia">efficientia</expan>: exiſtere <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> nume<lb></lb>ro ſeparatum, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> continuò, ſi effectus diuerſi, conficientes cauſſa idcirco diuerſas fore poſuit af<lb></lb>firmare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dubito, quin illud diſcrimen ab internis initiis rei proximè naſcatur, ab externis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>remotè: quo circa ſicut à cauſsis remotis <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> <expan abbr="negãs">negans</expan> extruitur, ſic dicemus, ſi effectus <expan abbr="iidẽ">iidem</expan>, er<lb></lb>go & <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> efficiens, ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> effectus. </s> <s>Et profectò <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> duo ſint initia <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>interna materia .ſ. </s> <s>& forma, materiam <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> caput huius diſtinctionis eſſe placet, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> verò <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4116"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Quãuis">Quanuis</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> multa de hac re dici <expan abbr="ſoleãt">ſoleant</expan>, hîc nos, ne <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan> in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſatis aptè <expan abbr="cõferamus">conferamus</expan>, pauca af<lb></lb>feremus <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="placitũ">placitum</expan>, licèt <expan abbr="cõplureis">complureis</expan> habeat patronos, è re nata probetur. </s> <s>Etenim duo munera oppoſi<lb></lb>ta ab <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> cauſſa proximè proficiſci nequeunt. </s> <s>Sed differre & <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan> ſunt duo munera diuerſa: non <lb></lb>igitur ab <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> cauſſa proximè pendent. </s> <s>Cæterùm formæ <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> multis indiuiduè <expan abbr="cõicatur">conicatur</expan>: materia per <lb></lb>ſe ipſam diſtat, & eſt <expan abbr="incõicabilis">inconicabilis</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo vniuerſitas & conuenientia primò naſcetur ex forma, differen<lb></lb>tia verò à materia ducet originem. </s> <s>Hæc ſanè ſiue propter illum accidentium cumulum qui in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſup<lb></lb>poſito reperitur, vt idem non in alio ſit, ſiue <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>ſuam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quæ partibilis eſt, & ſeorſum <expan abbr="conſiſtẽs">conſiſtens</expan>, <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> in cauſſa eſt, vt hoc ita ſit vnum, vt aliud eſſe non valeat. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contra <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan> Philoſophus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4117"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vna ex materia vna quidem menſa ſed ab vna forma prodeunt multæ. </s> <s>Hæc cùm ſit forma <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>actio <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> deſcendit à forma ſit <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, & efficiens <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ex hac materia, tametſi forma p <lb></lb>ſe ipſam eſt vniuerſalis, hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> facit, & hoc indiuiduum producit, vt aliud ex ea materia producere <lb></lb>nequeat: <expan abbr="veruntñ">veruntamen</expan>, vti <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, primò differentia pendent ex ſubiecto, quae eſt in potentia res efficien<lb></lb>da: ſiquid ab eodem efficiente ſingulari plura indiuidua procreari poſsint, vbi materiæ plures offeran<lb></lb>tur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quae ex eadem materia plura indiuidua gigni queant, quoad eadem <expan abbr="cõſeruatur">conſeruatur</expan>, haud facilè cre<lb></lb>diderim, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>diuerſæ ſpeciei poterunt eſſe niſi fortè per accidens: quae agens naturale per ſe vnò de<lb></lb>terminatur: eſt illud agentis voluntarij ex eodem ſubiecto conficere plura numero differentia: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4118"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eiuſdem ſpeciei, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> ex vna potentia proximè non niſi vnicus actus erumpit. </s> <s>Igitur ſi fuerit idem li<lb></lb>gnum, & <expan abbr="cõburendum">comburendum</expan> ſit, ab eodem igni ſemper vnicus ignis exiſtat: & quanuis aliqua accidentium <lb></lb>variantia videatur ineſſe, nihilominus ea <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> immutabit indiuidui <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>: <expan abbr="vtq.">vtque</expan> n. </s> <s>accidentia cun<lb></lb>cta variant diuiduum, <expan abbr="qñquidem">quandoquidem</expan> non eſſet idem Socratem ſedens & ambulans, ſed quæ ſunt extum<lb></lb>ſecus, illa non immutant, quę pendent intrinſecus, ſiue à materia, ſiue à forma naſcantur, afferunt in<lb></lb>diuiduo mutata perniciem; & <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> ſpeciem efficiunt, vel inſtrumenta formarum & efficientium con<lb></lb>trariorum, vel habilitatem materiæ tollentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="quap̨p̨">quapropter</expan> ea forma non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in tali materia conſeruari, ſic <lb></lb>obſeſſus à frigore extinguitur ignis, & ſi deſit humor, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> conficitur ex ſeipſo, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> prior illa mu<lb></lb>tatio primò contra ſpeciem facit, ex hac altera ſpecies ſecundò deperit. </s> <s>Sed quemadmodum natura <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ex <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia facere vnum indiuiduum, quoad vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>conſeruatur, poſsit'ne <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ma<lb></lb>teria ab interitu ſæpius occurrere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpetuò, hoc eſt, illud explicare, quod inſtituta quæſtio propo<lb></lb>nit. </s> <s>Mihi quidem <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> id naturam præſtare non poſſe, quicquid eſt aut ſuperat vires naturæ, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <lb></lb>Peripateticum, eius euenti cauſſa, petitur à <expan abbr="cõditione">conditione</expan> materię, in qua reqritur certa affectio, <expan abbr="certaq́">certaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="ptãs">potestas</expan>, vt ex illa hoc, non aliud oriatur, atqui poteſtas ſuaptè natura reſpicit oppoſita, & ne fruſtretur, <lb></lb>actu <expan abbr="p̃ſente">praeſente</expan> ipſam ſpoliari oportet: rurſus in ea ſunt oppoſita quæ ſecum <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> neceſſe eſt: ergo <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt item ſubſequatur interitus; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & variantia poteſtatis & affectionis; hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſicut anteà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4119"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>docuimus, actu certo nituntur qui neceſſariò commutatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="attñ">attamen</expan> vt præceptoribus noſtris, quantum <lb></lb>in nob. </s> <s>eſt, <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan>, referamus, eos .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõciliare">conciliare</expan> conemur, & oſtendamus ita ſentire, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> à nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>anteà <expan abbr="cõſtitutum">conſtitutum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Dico igitur, Auerroëm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter accepiſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quatenus à priuatione <lb></lb>ſeiungitur, ſed materiam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inſueto <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> vocaſſe totum id quod habet in ſeipſo rationem patiendi <lb></lb>quod ex priuatione <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan>, quæ cùm forma fundetur, habet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, cuius auxilio ſic mute<lb></lb>tur, vt aliter mutari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit: Alexandrum verò <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> hanc aduertiſſe per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> materia <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> habet <lb></lb>priuationem, & certis motib. agitur; hæc verò eſt forma, quae ab ea poteſtas illa indefinita determinatur <lb></lb>in materia, ſic redditur principium proximum, per quod res naturales hos, aut illos motus accipiant. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> Auerroës etiam hoc ſpectans rem planuis elocutus cum Alexandro conſenſit, & à ſeipſe non <lb></lb>diſcrepauit. </s> <s>Iam verò quae opponebatur formam non eſſe huic diſtinctioni caput; cùm eadem eſſe poſ<lb></lb>ſit quae affectio eadem ab <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma deriuetur & ab eodem efficiente; ſic euertitur quoniam etſi per ſe <lb></lb>ipſa forma eſt vna in vno efficiente, retinet tamen ad huc <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> communicabilem, propter <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>informare nouas materias. </s> <s>cùm verò ad alias ſeſe adiungit, ex illarum præſentia fit altera: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>ma<lb></lb>teriæ ſubiecto ſeparatę ſint, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non eaſdem affectioneis numero, ſed ſpecie duntaxat admittunt: qua <pb pagenum="705"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4120"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vna & eadem eſt forma ſimpliciter, ſed ſpecie tantùm. </s> <s>Vbi item concluditur rem obtinere <lb></lb>quòd ſit, à forma: ergo etiam quae eadem ſit: primùm retorqueo <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> in <expan abbr="aduerſariũ">aduerſarium</expan>. </s> <s>Res impetrat à ma<lb></lb>teria, quòd non ſit: ergo & quòd non ſit eadem: <expan abbr="patiq́">patique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione procedet <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> argumentum: nam ſi <lb></lb>illo inſiſtas ex eo variari rationem; quia non <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> principio, quòd idem ſit indiuiduum, poteſt ęquè <lb></lb>aſsignari: at optimè ipſe defendam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe primam indiuidui <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm quia nil prodeſt <expan abbr="exẽ-plum">exem<lb></lb>plum</expan> quod non minus in controuerſiam vocari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id de quo dubitatur: etenim quod eſt eiuſmodi <lb></lb>lite priore dirempta nouam ex ſe gignit: dubia tamen apertis, & certis doceri debent: addo nunc in ar<lb></lb>gumento vitium latêre eo, quae verè illud conſequeretur, ſi forma eſſet cauſſa ſimpliciter, quae res eſſet, ſed <lb></lb>ad id, quae res ſit, <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> materia: nec idem eſt modus eius quod eſt eſſe quod deſcendit à forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>illius quod naſcitur à materia. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt eſſentiæ, hoc eſt ſubſiſtentię; illud ſpeciei <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, hoc indiui<lb></lb>dui. </s> <s>quamobrem, vt reſpiciunt eſſe ſingula hęc principia; ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſunt cauſſæ, quòd ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> res: forma <lb></lb>quidem ſpecie, materia verò numero: at in argumento accipiebatur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe cauſſam ſimpliciter quae <lb></lb>res eſſet, & quòd item res eadem conſimiliter eſſet: ergo ratio <expan abbr="cõtinebat">continebat</expan> fallaciam ab eo <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> eſt <expan abbr="quodã-modo">quodan<lb></lb>modo</expan> ad id quod eſt ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Ad illud verò <expan abbr="argumẽtum">argumentum</expan>, quod mouit <expan abbr="Simpliciũ">Simplicium</expan> ad <expan abbr="opinandũ">opinandum</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>elementa redire, eſt quòd primùm reſpondeamus: ſi vera ſit ea ratio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> effici ſolùm, vt elementa <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>numero reuertantur; ſed quidquid eſt <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> in vniuerſo, quemadmodum <expan abbr="indicãt">indicant</expan> ea quæ de materia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4121"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecunda paullò ante ſubiecimus. </s> <s>Deinde quòd ipſe deceptus eſt, dum id quod fit <expan abbr="ſecũdũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, in natu<lb></lb>ra <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſimili via pręſtari putat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, quòd materia prima ſit ab omni for<lb></lb>ma ſeparata, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>forma ſuperueniat, nulla habita ratione formarum <expan abbr="præcedentiũ">præcedentium</expan>: ſed natura ipſa ſem<lb></lb>per ita facit, vt hoc efficiens in hac materia cudat hanc formam: ſic in ortu elementorum, velut in or<lb></lb>tu corporum quę conflantur ex elementis. </s> <s>Cùm igitur neque poteſtas neque affectiones eodem nu<lb></lb>mero ſint ob eas cauſſas quas anteà recitauimus, efficitur, vt materia non ſit eadem, nec proinde ele<lb></lb>mentum, niſi ſpecie ad ſummum idem. </s> <s>Ex eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fonte dimanat ſolutio poſterioris obie<lb></lb>ctionis: etenim poteſtas eſt in materia ad eſſe, & non eſſe, & cùm aliquando non ſit; eſſe nihilomi<lb></lb>nus poteſt: nam dico eam eſſe poſſe ad idem ſpecie, non numero. </s> <s>tu proximè addis fieri poſſe, vt ali<lb></lb>qua potentia fruſtraretur: quippe quae poteſtas ad mundum, quem ponimus eſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ad numerum, niſi <lb></lb>mundi plures ſint, ea neceſſariò fruſtra erit. </s> <s>Ad hoc noto repugnantiam in hypotheſi: nam ſi vnus eſt <lb></lb>ad numerum mundus, in eius materia non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe poteſtas ad <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi talis ſit, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> fieri poſ<lb></lb>ſe, vt mundus ſit vnus. </s> <s>Accedit etiam, quòd illud quod ſequitur, abſurdum eſt ex hypotheſi, & ſi detur <lb></lb>illud quod fieri nequit, id verò eo tempore degenerat in neceſſarium, vt aliàs te docui. </s> <s>Antecedens ve<lb></lb>rò eſt, quòd vnus ſit ad numerum mundus, addo etiam æternus, & in eo materia ponatur cum poteſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4122"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te ad non eſſe, quæ fieri nequeunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> planè poteſtas in materia eſt ad mundum ſimpliciter auctore <lb></lb>Philoſopho: nam ſic poſſet non eſſe mundus, ſed eſt ad mundi partes, ita vt vna intereunte reficiatur al<lb></lb>tera, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> qua item ratio mundi retinetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hoc nobis Peripateticè diſputata ſint, ſecus ſemper pro <lb></lb>veritate dicturis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4107"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4108"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 36.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4109"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4110"></margin.target>b 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4111"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4112"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4113"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4114"></margin.target>d 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 128.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4115"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4116"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4117"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4118"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4119"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4120"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4121"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4122"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An idem ſit ab initio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad extremum id quod augetur, & ad hoc inſtitutum Auerrois <lb></lb>digreſſio declaratur. </s> <s>Caput XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DESCENDO nunc ad priorem illam quęſtionem qua proponebatur, an idem à principio ad fi<lb></lb>nem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> perſeueraret id quod augetur. </s> <s>Illud autem ferè omnes pro comperto habuerunt, vbi for<lb></lb>ma cum materia diuidatur, & extendatur: ex materiæ fluxu formam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſariò collabi; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <lb></lb>verò è forma & materia indiuidua, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſignatam vocant: conſtat <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cum ſua for<lb></lb>ma, <expan abbr="ſuaq́">ſuaque</expan>. </s> <s>materia mutari. </s> <s>Cùm igitur in incremento perſpicuè materia mutetur, etiam viſum eſt qui<lb></lb>buſdam idem non eſſe ſimpliciter indiuiduum ab ortus initijs <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad extrema; ſed eiuſmodi, vt tantun<lb></lb>dem valeret; alijs placuit idem eſſe indiuiduum; tametſi partes immutantur; quia non omnes <expan abbr="intereãt">intereant</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4123"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed aliquæ duntaxat; quaſi ſit ſatis, ſi quædam partes conſeruentur ad id, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, quòd in <lb></lb>illis adhuc indiuidui ratio maneat, ac ſi vniuerſæ <expan abbr="dilabãtur">dilabantur</expan>, fore vt tùm varietur indiuiduum. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>totum trifariam ſumi conſueuit, aut illud quod in omnib. ſuis partib. eſt poſitum, cuius ſi <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> pars <lb></lb>etiam mutetur; è veſtigio tollitur; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> dicebat Ariſtoteles, antequàm res fiat, eſſe compoſitum ex ſubie<lb></lb>cto & priuatione; <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> res fieret nec oppoſitum remanere, nec totum, quòd eius altera pars nimirùm <lb></lb>oppoſitum deperiſſet; eſt rurſus totum quod ita conſiſtit omnib. ſuis partib. vt niſi omnes ſublatæ fue<lb></lb>rint; adhuc totum non interijſſe dicatur. </s> <s>vt ſiquis maculę cuiuſdam veſtigio ſuperſtite totam deletam <lb></lb>non fuiſſe confirmet: eſt tertiò totum, quod in partium ſucceſsione poſitum eſt in quo deperditis aliæ <lb></lb>nouæ ſubſtitunntur aſsiduè, veluti Senatores in Republica non dicitur vniuerſa; quia non omnes eius <lb></lb>partes vnà ſublatæ ſunt, ſed nunc vna corrumpitur, aliàs illa; & eadem Reſp. </s> <s>perhibetur, modò ex anti<lb></lb>quiorib. aliqui ſint incolumes. </s> <s>Non me latet à Latinis hoc genus totius appellari ſecundùm formam, <lb></lb>ad eius differentiam quod omnes partes ſimul, intuetur, & idcirco dicitur totum <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; & à <lb></lb>veterib. Latinis illud totum categorematicè nuncupatum; poſterius hoc ſyncategorematicè: nam ſyn<lb></lb>categorema vocatur ſignum in enunciatione quod ita conuenit omnib. vt reſpiciat ſingula; veluti cùm <lb></lb>dicimus omnem hominem eſſe animal; non ſic, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> pronunciamus ſcientiam fieri ex omni genere cauſ<lb></lb>ſarum; quia verè dicitur vniuersè ſcientia ſumpta, & collectim hæc & illa: at non ſingulę fiunt ex om<lb></lb>nib. cauſsis, nec diſtributim, & <expan abbr="ſeorsũ">ſeorsum</expan> hæc & illa <expan abbr="cõſtãt">conſtant</expan> ex omnib. quicquid ſit de vi & vſu huiuſmodi <pb pagenum="706"></pb>vocum non diſſero nunc: ſed noto ſolùm totius eſſentiam continere partes omnes; ſiquæ deſit; iam to<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4124"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum dici non poſſe, & rationem totius immutari, nihilominus ita ſe applicare ad partes, vt ſicuti to<lb></lb>tum non eſt, niſi præſtò ſint vniuerſæ, ita <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> totum fuerit interemptum; niſi omnes <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad vnam ſub<lb></lb>latæ fuerint. </s> <s>in prima illa ratione totius forma continetur, in hac poſteriore materia. </s> <s>Sed in eo quod re<lb></lb>ſpicit omnes partes coniunctim; licèt vna, aut altera pars dilabatur; quia non omnes vnà corrumpun<lb></lb>tur; adhuc totum eſſe creditur quaſi pendeat non ex ipſis partib. ſed ex earum coniunctione, propterea <lb></lb>ſecundùm forma dicitur: quia non partium ratio, ſed coniunctionis habeatur. </s> <s>Sic igitur idem & non <lb></lb>idem aliquid eſſe contingit & à primis temporib. habuit hęc diſtinctio locum. </s> <s>Nam meminit Plutar<lb></lb>chus in Theſti vita nauem, qua cum pueris ipſe nauigauit, & qua rurſus in <expan abbr="patriã">patriam</expan> redijt incolumis 30. <lb></lb>fuiſſe remotum; & <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad Demetrij Phalerei tempora <expan abbr="conſeruatã">conſeruatam</expan> ab Athenienſib. vetuſtis lignis ſubtra<lb></lb>ctis <expan abbr="aliiſq.">aliiſque</expan> quotidie nouis <expan abbr="validiſq.">validiſque</expan> coniectis vt poſterius in diſputationib. vſurpata exemplum philo<lb></lb>ſophis ambiguitatis manſerit aliis eandem, aliis verò minus eſſe affirmantib. Hoc igitur modo totum <lb></lb>omnes remanere farentur id quòd augetur, ab initio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad finem. </s> <s>Verùm quòd hoc totum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pro<lb></lb>ximè ſubſtantiam reſpicit, ſed partes ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> conſtat viuens, quod ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> pertinet, animaduer<lb></lb>titur hoc genus totius eſſe duplex, vel quòd aliquæ partes eius quæ à conſtitutione fuerunt, adhuc <expan abbr="cõ-ſeruẽtur">con<lb></lb>ſeruentur</expan>, vel quòd aliæ nouæ, licèt ſucceſsiuè, illis ſubſtitutæ fuerint, vt ſi cogitemus Remp. </s> <s>Romanam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4125"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum adhuc viuebant illi C. Patres, quos conſcripſerat Romulus; & poſtea, cùm per <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> temporis in<lb></lb>teruallum conſcripſit eos Cæſar dictator, & aliis veterib. nouos arrogauit: ſi primi non extent; Remp. <lb></lb></s> <s>non eandem planè eſſe putant; ſed eiuſmodi, quę <expan abbr="priſtinã">priſtinam</expan> adæquit; ſiqui ſint adhuc à conſtitutione ſu<lb></lb>perſtites; eandem eſſe opinantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq́">Itaque</expan>. </s> <s>ex hac opinione non videtur aliud <expan abbr="inquirendũ">inquirendum</expan>; nec certè re ipſa <lb></lb>proponitur aliud à philoſophis in hac quæſtione, ac ſuperſtes ne ſit aliqua pars in viuente, propter <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſentia conſeruetur eius quòd creſcit; an omnes permutentur, & ſit aliud <expan abbr="indiuidũ">indiuidum</expan>, quae <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> valeat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Priorem partis problematis defendebat Alexander; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> probaſſe videtur Auerroës, licèt aliam <lb></lb>viam perſecutus ſit, vt perueniret quo vellet: alteram complures è medicis latinis antiquiorib. nàm <lb></lb>planè obſoleuit hoc placitum. </s> <s>Verùm quòd Alexandri ſententia pependitur in quadam digreſsione 1. <lb></lb>de Ortu; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ad eius explicationem, & confutationem multa contulit illuc ſcriptor ille ſagaciſsimus; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4126"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>puto etiam nos venia dignos haberi, ſi eum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſedulò tractemus; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quòd ex illius verbis <lb></lb>multa dubitare contingit quæ tùm ad eiuſmodi <expan abbr="auctorũ">auctorum</expan> decreta percipienda ſpectent, tùm ad <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>auctionis ipſius colligendam. </s> <s>Nos perſpicuitatis ergô diſtribuemus eum ſermonem in quattuor par<lb></lb>tes; quarum prima recitabitur Alexandri opinio <expan abbr="cauſſaq́">cauſſaque</expan>. </s> <s>adſcribetur quæ illum indux erit ad diſce<lb></lb>dendum ab eo præceptore, quem omnes maximè admirantur <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſatis laudant. </s> <s>Secunda continet <lb></lb>Auerrois diſputationem contra Alexandrum. </s> <s>Tertia Arabis illius opinio conſtituitur. </s> <s>Poſtrema ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4127"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum <expan abbr="vtriuſq́">vtriuſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſententiæ conferuntur. </s> <s>Quod ad primam perttinet; vnicam rationem proponit Alexan<lb></lb>der qua doceat ſe cogi ab Ariſtotele diſſentire: nam dixit Ariſtoteles incrementum fieri merito formæ: <lb></lb>quandò id quod augetur, idem ab initio ad exitum <expan abbr="vſq́">vſque</expan>. </s> <s>permanere debet: quamobrem, cùm materia <lb></lb>diſſoluatur; maneat autem forma, fit auctio ſecundum formam; non autem ſecundum materiam. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>inquit Alexander, oppoſitum potius accipiendum eſſe; quia non minus materię beneficio <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> formæ per<lb></lb>manet idem viuens: cùm enim forma viuentis quæ alens eſſe ſolet; generatim ſit in materia, & cum <lb></lb>materia extendatur; pro illius fluxu ac refluxu neceſſariò fluit, & refluit: non igitur auctio minus fieri <lb></lb>debet propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> propter formam; ſi vera eſt ratio quam ex ipſiuſmet Ariſtotelis vertis accepi<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Ne igitur incidamus in hoc abſurdum, excogitemus etiam viam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> qua doceamus aliquid <lb></lb>etiam materiæ ſupereſſe, cuius meritò forma eadem numero ad interitum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ſaluetur. </s> <s>Huiuſmodi <lb></lb>autem materia fuerit; ſi ponatur humidum ab ortus initio contractum in quo anima collocetur, quòd <lb></lb>per vniuerſas partes corporis diſpenſatum, & adiunctum ad alimentum, ipſum in naturam partium <lb></lb>viuentis immutat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> transformat; <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>priſtinam figuram beneficio formæ terminantis imponit. </s> <s>At<lb></lb>quid de Ariſtotele dicendum, qui longè ſecus exiſtimaſſe videtur? </s> <s>Certè dicemus, inquit Alexander, <lb></lb>ipſum vulgi aurib. & iudicio voluiſſe inſeruire, & probabilia potius in hac quæſtione, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vera, & certa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4128"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecutum fuiſſe. </s> <s>Hæc quidem Alexander; ſi Arabi credimus; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>tale ſcriptorum genus peruenit ad <lb></lb>noſtras manus. </s> <s>In ipſum inuehitur Auerroës, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>nomine principiò inſimulat; quia putauerit Ariſto<lb></lb>telem 1. de Ortu probabiliter non accuratè de incrementi eſſentia diſputaſſe. </s> <s>Et planè ſi ita ſenſit Ale<lb></lb>xander, quemadmodum adſcripſit illi Auerroes: neſcio equidem culpa'ne carteant, aut, ille, aut Ariſto<lb></lb>teles; hic, qui rem tanti ponderis etiam loco idoneo probabiliter, non demonſtratiuè tractarit; præſer<lb></lb>tim cùm alibi nihil obſeruemus, quod ab hoc ipſo decreto diſſentaneum ſit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fuerat ob <expan abbr="difficultatẽ">difficultatem</expan> <lb></lb>rei dimittendum: aut ille etiam, qui ſi hoc naturaliter non dialecticè tractatum ſit; conſilium Ariſtote<lb></lb>lis ignorauerit. </s> <s>At mihi in primis non liquet vtrùm hæc ſit Alexandri ſententia, nec'ne: nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id à <lb></lb>Philopono, qui maximè obſeruauit Alexandrum in ijs <expan abbr="commẽtarijs">commentarijs</expan>, animaduerſum eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla extat <lb></lb>nota apud eundem Alexandrum lib. de Mixt. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi complura ediſſeruit quæ pertinent ad <expan abbr="explicandũ">explicandum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4129"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modum, quò fieri putat incrementum. </s> <s>Prætereà in eo problemate quo de ipſius ſententia quæſtio <lb></lb>noſtra diſcutitur, litem finire videtur, quemadmodum 1. de Ortu fecit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Sed enim non fue<lb></lb>rit Alexander, ſed alius quiſpiam (frequenter <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſius ſcripta, quæ venerunt ad nos quod linguarum <lb></lb>imperitiæ datur; auctorum nomina permutant (ſit quiſpiam alius, qui ſic imprudenter ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>diſceſſerit; & ſic ita de incremento decreuerit: pugnat cum ipſo Auerroes <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> rationib. quas <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>exponit, ſimul etiam animi ſui ſenſum enunciat. </s> <s>Primum inquit, ille, qui hæc pronuntiat, exiſti <pb pagenum="707"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4130"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mat velle Ariſtotelem fieri poſſe <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> in forma ſeorſum à materia, cùm adſcripſit <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan> fieri <lb></lb>ſecundùm formam, & non ſecundùm materiam: hic tamen non eſt ſenſus <expan abbr="verborũ">verborum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> forma <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="auget̃">augetur</expan> citra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>augetur forma per ſe, ſed forma, vt quanta, quæ ſanè extra partes, & <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan> cogitari, <expan abbr="nedũ">nedum</expan> eſſe, nequit. </s> <s>At ſi quando dixit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan> fieri ſecundùm formam; id ea de cauſ<lb></lb>ſa factum eſt: quoniam id quod augetur, idem perſeuerat ab initio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad finem: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem non manet <lb></lb>per materiam, ſed per formam. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi non formæ, ſed materiæ ſubueretur; fieri non poſſet, quin <lb></lb>auctio foret penetratio corporum, aut ſaltem appoſitio: non negatur idcirco, quin ad efficiendum <expan abbr="in-crementũ">in<lb></lb>crementum</expan> opera item materiæ requiratur. </s> <s>Adde quòd, vt ipſe vult, inquit Alexander, alimentum per<lb></lb>miſceri cùm humido per membra diſperſo: ſed ſi ita auctio miniſtretur; ſit per humorem: nàm, ſicut <lb></lb>infra declarabimus; humida ſola ſunt obnoxia mixtioni: at verò humoris eſſentia non conſtituitur ex <lb></lb>quantitate veluti principio; ea verò eſt incrementi ſubiectum: non igitur ſit per humorem, neque <lb></lb>per admixtionem. </s> <s>Atque hæc quidem opponit Auerroës. </s> <s>Verumenimuero ſiquis probè experiatur <lb></lb>quantum poſsint rationes Auerrois in hanc ſententiam; vereor profectò, ne ob eas ipſas ab Alexan<lb></lb>dro ſit diſceſſurus: nanque videtur in eo pugnare cum Alexandro, quòd opinionem quandam com<lb></lb>mentitiam affixerit Ariſtoteli. </s> <s>Sed quæ'nam ſit iſta opinio vera, certatur adhuc; nec certè quicquam <lb></lb>conſtitutum habetur. </s> <s>Inſuper cùm dicitur fore, vt auctio ſit penetratio corporum; ſi meritò materiæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4131"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fiat, ita dicet auctor ille fieri incrementum propter materiam eo planè modò quo ipſam fieri putat <lb></lb>Auerroes: & quod ſolùm ponitur humor infixus & permanens, vt eadem forma conſeruari poſsit <lb></lb>quæ certè, ſi vniuerſa materia diffluat; cum ipſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſariò collabetur. </s> <s>Poſtremò etiam ſi prima <lb></lb>ratio mixtionis humiditas eſſe ponatur: at non idcirco dicitur humorem hunc eſſe omnis quantitatis <lb></lb>exortem. </s> <s>Sed ſpectemus nunc Auerrois ipſius <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan>. </s> <s>Ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> longè alia ſe profeſſurum pollice<lb></lb>tur: id verò eſt & auctionem fieri propter materiam; quia miſceatur cibus, aut apponatur partib. hu<lb></lb>midi ab ortu contracti, quòd rudiores medici radicale vocant; quia ſit vitæ radix & fundamentum <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>per membra diſperſum eſt: ſed quae auctio reſpicit <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan>, quatenus habet formam. </s> <s>Quòd verò ita <lb></lb>dicendum ſit; concludere ſe poſſe putat ex eo, quòd acceptum eſt inter ea quę ſenſus communis adſcri<lb></lb>bit incremento. </s> <s>Id .ſ. </s> <s>quod augetur, idem ab initijs ad exitum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> conſeruari: ſed non permanet idem <lb></lb>propter materiam quæ diſfluit; ſed propter formam, quę ſemper eſt eadem: probabile eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt ſi quod <lb></lb>augetur idem permanere debeat; illius cauſſa creſcat quod permaneat idem: ſed cùm ſtet totum; par<lb></lb>tes diſsipentui; hæ pertineant ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; illud per formam conſiſtat; igitur auctionem formæ tribue<lb></lb>mus, non autem materiæ. </s> <s>Quantùm verò Auerrois expoſitio præſtet alteri illi quàm tribuit <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan>; <lb></lb>& quod' nam diſcrimen inter <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ponendum ſit; ex his etiam perſuadet Auerroes; <expan abbr="proptereaq.">proptereaque</expan> Ale<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4132"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>xander pro eo quod eſt interprętari dogma Ariſtotelis, & ſoluere quæſtionem, ipſam cum alia com<lb></lb>mutat: nam quae auctionem fieri dicit per admixtionem cibi cum humore natiuo; ſupereſt adhuc ab illo <lb></lb>quærendum, quemadmodum id fieri poſsit: quandò auctio ſecum affert quantitatem: humor autem, <lb></lb>quatenus huiuſmodi, ſegregatur à quantitate: nihil igitur illi cum auctione. </s> <s>Et planè <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan> eſt <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan>, <lb></lb>ad explicationem quæſtionis cuiuſdam, alteram quæſtionem aſſumere quę fortaſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit minus obſcu<lb></lb>ra; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpecies quædam non probandi propoſitum, ſi argumentemur ex ignotis per ſeipſam ſolui con<lb></lb>fuerint, ſed ſpuria ſolutione, quæ eſt ad tempus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Prætereà quid erit dicendum de partib. ſolidis: nam, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4133"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi auctio ſit per humorem: partes igitur quæ nullum continent, vt oſſa; non potuerunt augeri quæ ta<lb></lb>men augentur; & niſi ita faciant; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> organa item creſcant. </s> <s>At nos, inquit ipſe, cauſſam reddere poſſu<lb></lb>mus horum omnium; ſi dicamus illius humoris innati beneficio non fieri incrementum; ſed facultatis <lb></lb>alentis, quę rarefacit partes, & referans poros inſeruit <expan abbr="alimẽto">alimento</expan>; mox in <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> rei <expan abbr="nutriẽdę">nutriendę</expan> transfor<lb></lb>mat; & plus apponit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fuerit à calore interno exhauſtum. </s> <s>Quapropter ita fiet incrementum ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam, quia fiet à forma. </s> <s>Sed eius pace dictum ſit. </s> <s>Ipſe ipſe quæſtionem commutat; quia, dum veſti<lb></lb>gat primum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> eius quòd augetur, id eſt, id ſecundùm quòd fit auctio; reſpondet afferendo cauſ<lb></lb>ſam efficientem. </s> <s>Prætereà quæ ab Alexandro dicta ſunt, non repugnant huic cauſſę: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> negabit Ale<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4134"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>xander in incrementi officio deſiderari animæ præſentiam: ſed non id quæritur nunc: verùm illud cui <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> primo ſubiecto, & rationi proximæ <expan abbr="tribuẽda">tribuenda</expan> ſit auctio. </s> <s>Quin etiam remanet ſalua, & integra illa <lb></lb>dubitatio, quo pacto .ſ. </s> <s>eadem forma ab initio ad finem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> conſeruetur partib. materiæ collabentib. <lb></lb></s> <s>D. Thomas, & ex ipſo <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Pomponatius hoc in illa digreſsione voluere nos monitos, quod in eo quoque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4135"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum Alexandro conſenſit Auerroës quod pertinet ad humorem illum natiuum, qui per omnia mem<lb></lb>bra diſtribuitur, quòd item legimus apud eundem auctorem <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed quòd reprehenditur <expan abbr="Alexãder">Alexander</expan>; quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4136"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neſciuerit ex Ariſtotele docere, quemadmodum fiat <expan abbr="incremẽtũ">incrementum</expan>, & Philoſophi dicta tueri quæ ſunt, <expan abbr="au-ctionẽ">au<lb></lb>ctionem</expan> fieri ſecundùm formam, & idem remanere quod augetur, ab initio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad finem. </s> <s>quos ſic con<lb></lb>ſeruantur; quia fiat ſecundùm formam, & à forma: non autem ſecundùm humorem & ab humore. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem ſic eorum ſententia quæſtionem diluet Auerroës, quia talis ſit ſenſus verborum Ariſt. </s> <s>vt <lb></lb>primùm de cauſſa efficiente diſſerat: deinde ſtatuet <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> viuentis ab initio <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad exitum <lb></lb>illius humoris beneficio qui ab ortu contractus eſt. </s> <s>At verò & hi mihi videntur omittere <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="for-malẽ">for<lb></lb>malem</expan> per quàm viuens augetur, & id velle ab Ariſt. </s> <s>inquiri, quòd etſi ita eſt, vt ipſi fuerunt, non omnino <lb></lb>mihi probatur hoc loco tractari; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> affertur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>in explicatu propoſitæ quæſtionis, nec dubitatio<lb></lb>nem pellit; quia dubium eſt an'ne aliquid materiæ ab ortu ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> ſit ſuperſtes. </s> <s>Placet <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> totum <lb></lb>originem incrementi ab his principijs arceſcere; ſed quòd in cauſſam efficientem præſens quæſtio re<lb></lb>ſoluatur; haud placet.</s></p> <pb pagenum="708"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4123"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4124"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4125"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4126"></margin.target>a T. c. 38.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4127"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4128"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4129"></margin.target>b I. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> V.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4130"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4131"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4132"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4133"></margin.target>a 8. Top. <lb></lb>1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4134"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4135"></margin.target>b 2 ſent. </s> <s>d. <lb></lb>30. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4136"></margin.target>c Parap. <lb></lb></s> <s>1. de Gen.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum forma viuentis beneficio caloris & humoris innati conſeruetur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4137"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4137"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVTAVIT igitur Auerroë referente Alexander, nec in eo diſſenſit ab Alexandro Auerroës, ſu<lb></lb>pereſſe partem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> materiæ in qua primùm exiſteret, & ſe tueretur forma viuentis, quæ qui<lb></lb>dem variari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet, & indiuiduum eius ope idem permanere: illam verò exiſtimant philoſophi eſſe <lb></lb>humorem <expan abbr="innatũ">innatum</expan> qui in ſemine <expan abbr="cõprehenſus">comprehenſus</expan> eſt: hunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> permanere, eandem <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> retinentem, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterari tantiſper: totum nullo pacto diffluere, vbi verò vſquequaque exhauſtum fuerit, cum illo <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> exhalare, & perire funditùs indiuiduum. </s> <s>Magnum certè negocium eſt aliquid de hoc <lb></lb>humore decernere: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>., nequid temere ponamus, libet hoc loco de ipſo diſputare, de quo item plu<lb></lb>ra cum à philoſophis, tum item à medicis eruditiſsimè diſputari conſuerunt. </s> <s>Primùm an idem ab ini<lb></lb>tiis <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad extrema conſeruari poſsit, quemadmodum exiſtimaſſe fertur Alexander. </s> <s>Deinde, ſi colla<lb></lb>batur, poſsit'ne aliqua via reparari, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> reſtitui: quando non deſunt qui ipſum penitus exhauriri pu<lb></lb>tent, ſed refici à natura, quae alteri dilapſo ſubſtituat ſimilem, & alij multò meliorem poſſe reddi <expan abbr="opinant̃">opinantur</expan>, <lb></lb>quàm olim fuiſſet. </s> <s>Nam quae non maneat humor iſte, vt cenſuit Alexander; approbant <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> argumen<lb></lb>tis efficaciſsimis è quibus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> colligunt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item merito illius humoris idem eſſe poſſe id quod auge<lb></lb>tur, ab initio vſque ad finem. </s> <s>Primùm, quia videmus in embryi formatione, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> velut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſemen in ar<arrow.to.target n="marg4138"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4139"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>boribus fœtum vix eſſe ſenſilem: vnde narrabat Auicenna mulieres embrya coniicere ſolere in <expan abbr="frigidã">frigidam</expan>, <lb></lb>vt aliquid diſtinctum perſpiciant. </s> <s>Non igitur credibile eſt rem tam <expan abbr="exiguã">exiguam</expan> diſpenſari per <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> membra, <lb></lb>præſertim quę tantopere creſcant: <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis admirandum eſt de tantulo grano fici ſurgere arbo<lb></lb>rem tantæ altitudinis. </s> <s>Superat item admirationem id quod ſpectatur in plantis quæ per <expan abbr="aſplantationẽ">aſplantationem</expan> <lb></lb>perpetuæ propemodum fiunt: nam ſi pars abſciſſa retinet aliquid primi illius humoris; profectò quod <lb></lb>ab initio contractum eſt, infinitum fuerit oportet; illud <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> abſurdiſsimum, ſi ab infinito tempore <lb></lb>ſpecies illa fuerit propagata: nihilominus certæ immò cuiuſdam modicę magnitudinis eſſe apparebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà vix mente capi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> tam paruam materiæ molem quæ .ſ. </s> <s>ab ortus initio <expan abbr="cõprehenſa">comprehenſa</expan> eſt in geni<lb></lb>tura, <expan abbr="fixã">fixam</expan> & immobilem ad interitum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> perdurare, & illam <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan> diffluere quę ex humore qui inerat <lb></lb>in alimento, contracta fuerit, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè quae ea quæ hauritur è nutrimento, ſit recentior, humidior, & <lb></lb>minus defatigata; quippe quæ nihil, aut parum agens vires ſuas non inſumat, ſed ad id inſtituta ſit, vt <lb></lb>afficiatur ab alio ſolùm. </s> <s>Contra ſe habet humor ille qui ab ortus initio fuit conceptus. </s> <s>Adde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quae <lb></lb>nutritio fit ex ſimilibus, ergo neceſſe eſt ſint eiuſdem rationis humor accedens, & ille qui præcedebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Abſurdum igitur eſt tam paruam molem ſuſtinere <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> oneris, quantum ex humore qui per alimen<lb></lb>tum <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>, accedere perſpicuum eſt. </s> <s>quinimmo ſi hic quem affert alimentum qui maior eſt, diſſol<lb></lb>uitur, multò magis alter ille minor exhaurietur & diſsipabitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> etiam concludi propoſitum à na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4140"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura caloris, qui aſsiduè veſcitur humore, <expan abbr="ipſumq́">ipſumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſine intermiſsione conſumit: at ſi partem affligit, <lb></lb>cur non & totum? </s> <s>quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conficiat ipſum ſatis apparet ex eo, quae interit animal ſecundùm naturam, <lb></lb>vbi humor illa ſit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> exhauſtus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> exuctus. </s> <s>Poſtremò permanet aliquandiu vita ſine extrinſeci ali<lb></lb>menti ſumptione: non poteſt verò calidum non veſci humido: proptereà cogetur aliquando humore <lb></lb>illo interno depaſci: quare non immobilis <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> perſeuerat: quin potius calor quo vita conſiſtit, cùm <lb></lb>humido ipſo labaſcit aſsiduè. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nullo igitur pacto <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materia eadem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma remanebit, & diſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4141"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſoluetur igitur, & cum ipſa indiuiduum. </s> <s>Verùm eſto quae diſſoluatur, inquiunt nonnulli: at <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> reſtau<lb></lb>rari & refici: Id vero confirmatur auctoritate Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="ſapientũ">ſapientum</expan> qui tametſi de hac ipſa re con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4142"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trouerſantur inter ſe; nihilominus vno <expan abbr="cõſenſu">conſenſu</expan> <expan abbr="teſtant̃">teſtantur</expan> <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> nutritionis quæ fuerit ortus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad hæc <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> inter quos Iacobus Forliuienſis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ignobilis ætatis ſuæ philoſophus & medicus, aiebant <lb></lb>renouari <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> humorem natiuum; non tamen, quae innouaretur eius ſubſtantia; verùm functiones, im<lb></lb>mò etiam redderentur meliores, quia proceſſu .ſ. </s> <s>ætatis & temporis, humor ille talis euaderet, eius bene<lb></lb>ficio meliora naturę officia ſequerentur: reddi verò tamen non ex ſubſtantia, ſed ex qualitate; hoc eſt, <lb></lb>ſi calidum <expan abbr="innatũ">innatum</expan> in quodam gradu ſtatuamus, vtputa ſexto, & in præfinito humore, vt ſi conſimilis ei <lb></lb>fuerit: nam veſcitur humore ſemper: ideò fit humida illa materies, vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan>, & exacuitur calor: atqui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4143"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>efficitur, vt, ſi calor acrior fuerit, & <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> remiſsius; multò meliores functiones edi valeant: neque <lb></lb>id à decretis Ariſt. </s> <s>abhorret qui meliores ſenſus ætate prouecta, & <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <expan abbr="firmiorẽ">firmiorem</expan> ætatis proceſſu fieri <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõfirmarit">confirmarit</expan>, quia <expan abbr="ſpirituũ">ſpirituum</expan> <expan abbr="alimentiq́">alimentique</expan>. </s> <s>notiones adeò turbulentæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint. </s> <s>At quid ad illud, obſecro, <expan abbr="dicẽt">dicent</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm hoc humidum tale effici fateantur per <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>; per eam verò qualitas nonmodò corrigatur, <lb></lb>ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſubſtantia reparetur? </s> <s>Ob eam igitur cauſſam concludendum foret humoris innati ſubſtantiam <lb></lb>nutrimento refici, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> à medicorum inſtitutis non abhorret, & id diuerſis experientiis ab ipſis ap<lb></lb>probatur, cùm pueri leproſi qui reſtituitur priſtinæ ſanitati, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tabeſcentis qui euaſit incolumis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen hæc mihi ſcrupulum non <expan abbr="mediocrẽ">mediocrem</expan> iniiciunt: quia ſi tandiu viuitur, <expan abbr="quãdiu">quandiu</expan> conſeruatur <lb></lb>hic humor, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic idem reſtitui poteſt; <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> vita ceſſabit. </s> <s>Noui etiam medicos opponere hoc loco <lb></lb>partes ſolidiores, quas ſpermaticas vocant; <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>teſtari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe retici, quae humore illo ſpermatico quo <lb></lb>ab ortu conſtitutæ ſunt, extra <expan abbr="vterũ">vterum</expan> careant, ſed cùm Peripatetici cauſſam huius euenti <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> aſsignent; <lb></lb>quae opera caloris, quæ extra vterum eſt, non eſt ita efficax, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> in vtero eſſe ſolet, opinor, propter duri<lb></lb>tiem <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> quæ accedit, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> fœtus in lucem prodiit, libenter medicorum ratione non vtar. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb>conſtat igenitum calorem ab Ariſt. </s> <s>vino diluto <expan abbr="cõparari">comparari</expan>, quod ab initio quidem, cùm robuſtius ſit, con<lb></lb>uertit <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> in ſuiipſius <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, poſt <expan abbr="affligit̃">affligitur</expan> & euaneſcit: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>optimo iure, quandoquidem <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> mu<lb></lb>tatio proficiſcitur à contrariis, & <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> agens quod in materia cum patiente, inter agendum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> affici <pb pagenum="709"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4144"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> calor & humor natiuus, cùm in materia conueniant, & contrarij ſint, (habet enim calor <lb></lb>exiccandi facultatem, & alimentitius humor aqueus eſt à principio) inter ſe afficiant neceſſe eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mihi verò longè alia mens eſt de hoc humidò: ſiquidem doceat Ariſtoteles ipſum aqueum non eſ<lb></lb>ſe, neque difflabile, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed craſſum & pingue, ne diſsipetur, & quandiu permanſerit, etiam vitam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4145"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſeruari: credo etiam illud potiſsimè in corde manere, aut in eo quod ipſi reſpondeat in animan<lb></lb>tibus ſanguine carentibus & plantis, vtputa, in caudice: quanquàm de hac ipſa re complura nobis <lb></lb>alio loco ſcripta ſunt, quo de animæ principatu longo ſermone diſputauimus, atque hoc eſſe pri<lb></lb>mum fundamentum natiui caloris, vt à ſe inuicem nunquàm ſeparentur. </s> <s>Itaque in corde nutritio <lb></lb>miniſtratur, nec ob id per omnia membra calor cum humore diffunditur: ac ſiquo pacto per ea <lb></lb>diſpenſari videatur, id non eo fit, quòd per membra diſtribuatur, & permeat illus ſubſtantia: <lb></lb>valde enim ridiculum ſit, ſi tanquàm fluctus in æſtu nunc euomatur anima, reſorbeatur aliàs. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sit hoc poëtarum atque Platonis, cuius anima, dum oſculum Agathoni aſſigeret, ad extrema <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <lb></lb>labia, quaſi iam iam abitura perrexerit. </s> <s>ſed maneat immobilis, veluti ſolium, vnde Rex ſubdito<lb></lb>rum querelas audit, & quemadmodum partes aëris proximę ab igni afficiuntur, eiuſque facultates <lb></lb>accipiunt; ita vis innati caloris ſine materia membris ipſis imprimatur & alimento: quamobrem <lb></lb>in eo loco manet, in quo primum collocatus & incluſus fuit, & ibi facit ſecretionem crudioris ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4146"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menti: nanque hoc eſt calori inſitum, atque ingenitum, vt ſegreget ea, quorum eſt diuerſa ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, colligat autem illa, quorum eſt eadem ſingula ſuis locis diſpenſans, atque diſponens, ſic affi<lb></lb>cit membra, & per omnia corporis loca penetrat, atque ita vitam tuetur & regit. </s> <s>Hoc humidum <lb></lb>ab initio multum eſt, & proptereà plurimus in eo reſidet calor: humidum enim ſine calore non <lb></lb>exiſtit, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>vbi multum eius humoris affuerit, ibi quoque multum caloris inſideat neceſſe eſt: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4147"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quocirca magnam vim habet producendi membra ad omnes dimenſiones, & immutandi alimenti: <lb></lb>quare non ſolùm nutrit, ſed inſuper auget: in progreſſu exiccatur: itaque non eſt tanta multitu<lb></lb>do caloris; veruntamen acredo quæ eſt calidi ſicci propria, longè maior: proinde robuſtiores mo<lb></lb>tus: ad extremum exhauſto humore deficit, vt ferè nihil amplius mouere queat. </s> <s>eo fit, vt quia <lb></lb>non poſsit agitare membra reſpirationis, ſeipſum propter impotentiam ſuffocet, & ex hoc ſubſe<lb></lb>quatur mors illa naturalis. </s> <s>Itaque optimè Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> admonebat hoc humidum nec amiſſum re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4148"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtitui, nec vberius eſſe, quàm re naſcente eſſe cęperit; conſeruari tamen diutius, & ne ſtatim reſic<lb></lb>cetur, alimento prohiberi, quaſi diuertatur ab ipſo, vt ſuo parcat, dum conſumit alienum. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb>uis autem animæ vires proceſſu perfici videantur: at ſi rectè robur alentis, inſpicias; labitur ipſa, <lb></lb>non perficitur: motrix quidem & contemplans fit robuſtior, quòd poſtulent minorem copiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4149"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>caloris & humoris, ſed maiorem gradum, atque conſtantiam quæ ætatis progreſſu comparatur: <lb></lb>humor enim laxat; at tenta motricis organa eſſe volunt: itaque & motus admirabiles eorum qui <lb></lb>aduſtabili tentantur: <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & humidum feruens rerum formas & ſimulachra perturbat: atqui has pla<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4150"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cidas & compoſitas eſſe oportet, ſi rite percipi debeant. </s> <s>Sed quanuis humor ille labefactetur, & <lb></lb>calor qui reſidet in ipſo: tamen ſubſtantia ſemper eadem permanet, & in ipſa calor idem. </s> <s>Licèt <lb></lb>verò totam rem huiuſmodi exemplo declarare. </s> <s>Finge enim eſſe aquam in vaſe apud ignim, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>continuè conſumi, vt fit: tametſi partes eius rariores fiunt & exhalant, & aſsiduè de aqua deliba<lb></lb>tur; alteratio non ceſſat, & eadem aquæ ſubſtantia; nihilominus, ſed minor in alteratione verſatur: <lb></lb>ita & humor ille, in quo vita conſiſtit. </s> <s>Calor itidem manet idem; quandiu manet humor in quo <lb></lb>ineſt, vt ſubiecto, ſed quòd in ipſo ineſt, vt extrà non conſiſtat, cùm ea parte humoris quæ diſſol<lb></lb>uitur; abit pars caloris, cum ſuperſtite manet & ipſe; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>variatur per accidens, & ſecundùm <lb></lb>gradus, & multitudinem. </s> <s>Quòd ſi maneat hic humor ingenitus, & cum eo conſeruetur calor na<lb></lb>tiuus; formam quoque dicemus eandem permanere, nihilque vetare, quominus auctio fiat ſecun<lb></lb>dùm formam, quia forma cum materia varietur: manent enim <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> Hìc primo intuitu mira<lb></lb>bitur aliquis, & ſuſpicabitur, ne fortè cùm Ariſtotelicis repugnantia decernamus: etenim apertè elo<lb></lb>quitur Philoſophus abire & diſſolui materiam; nos eandem cum forma ſuperſtitem eſſe defendi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4151"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>At nos te monitum volumus in viuente duplicem eſſe materiam ortus ſcilicet & auctionis: <lb></lb>differunt verò ſecum hæ materiæ, quòd auctionis materies extrinſecùs accedit, & ſine hac poſſet <lb></lb>etiam conſiſtere viuens; licèt imperfectum foret: ortus verò materia illa eſt qua prima fundatur <lb></lb>anima, & ex illa conſtituitur indiuiduum, & primum animatum: hanc nos remanere dicimus, il<lb></lb>lam perpetuò dilabi teſtatur Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Et cum ipſe <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> materia diſtribuerit in eam toto prior eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4152"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſet, & alteram quæ poſterior, ac ſine hac eſſentiam poſſe ſaluari, ſine illa non item: ex prioris ordi<lb></lb>ne eſſe dicimus eam quam conſtitutionis principium facimus, alteram ſine totius pernitie dilabi <lb></lb>poſſe profitemur. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ſint, patet, quemadmodum permaneat idem quod augetur, ab initio <lb></lb>vſque ad extremum incrementi, & vitę. </s> <s>Sed vtrum'ne refici queat id quod dilapſum eſt; an aliud <lb></lb>ſubſtituatur, quod ſit imbecillius? </s> <s>Res ſanè difficilis, in qua conabimur ſolùm ea conſeruare quæ <lb></lb>ſapientes profeſsi ſunt Ariſtoteles & Galenus, multum illorum iudicio tribuentes, & aliqua item, <lb></lb>ſicut in negociis humanis ab illis prouideri poſſe credentes quæ ex habitu ipſo ſine euidentia ratio<lb></lb>num, ſed pręſtantioris facultatis auxilio dictentur: nam multa ſunt huiuſmodi, quæ captum metho<lb></lb>di ſuperant, ſapientis tamen iudicio relinquuntur. </s> <s>Poſsim ego hoc loco dicta noſtra munire exem<lb></lb>plis Ariſtotelicis, vbi cùm progreſſum primum expoſuerit; regreſſu & circulo non vtatur; nec<lb></lb>non auctoritate Auerrois de qua multò ante: addere etiam dicta Alberti in tractatibus illis quibus <pb pagenum="710"></pb>ſomniorum natura declaratur, & ab eo D. Thomam non abhorrentem ſignificare. </s> <s>Quod igitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4153"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illis placet, ſi nunc vſurpetur à nobis damnandi non erimus. </s> <s>Mihi autem nihil generale de hoc ca<lb></lb>pite conſtitui poſſe videtur, ſed egere diſtinctionis cuiuſdam ſubtilioris. </s> <s>Nam quòd in vniuerſo <lb></lb>refici nequeat; negare non audeo, cùm plantæ per partes etiam ſimile faciant: nam ſi ramus am<lb></lb>putetur, & alter ſubnaſcatur; idem prorſus valebit àc prior, & tota planta. </s> <s>Singula item animalia, <lb></lb>niſi mutila ſint, & orta ex putri; ſibi ſimile propagant per ſemen: hoc autem ponitur eſſe excre<lb></lb>mentum vltimi vtilis alimenti; in eo verò continetur humor & calor ille vitalis. </s> <s>Si igitur. </s> <s>natura <lb></lb>conficit ſemen quod obtinet animalia primordia, reficitur ergo & humor & calor natiuus; neque <lb></lb>enim differt ſemen ab vltimo alimento facultate & natura, ſed propter copiam dimittitur. </s> <s>Proptereà <lb></lb>cùm è viuentium numero quædam imperfecta ſint, & vnum actu, plura poteſtate, quemadmodum <lb></lb>inſecta & plantæ; alia perfecta quæ ſunt vnum actu & poteſtate; rurſus humor & calor natiuus <lb></lb>ad idem numero, & ſpecie referri queant; hæc credo cum placitis Ariſtotelis conuenire, & parum <lb></lb>à decretis Galeni diſcrepare, quòd in omnibus cùm perfectis, tum imperfectis idem reſtaurari poſ<lb></lb>ſit ad ſpeciem, ſed ad numerum inperfectis nullo modo; in imperfectis autem per ſe ad ſpeciem, <lb></lb>per accidens verò ad numerum. </s> <s>Volo dicere. </s> <s>Cùm in viuentibus omnibus niſi orba, & ſponte <lb></lb>genita ſint; opus maximè naturale ſit producere, alterum ſolo numero differens ad ſpeciei for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4154"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mæq́">mæque</expan>. </s> <s>tutelam; neceſſe eſt in omnibus æquè ſit illa vis qua ſpecies & forma reparatur, quod præ<lb></lb>ſtat natura per humorem <expan abbr="caloremq́">caloremque</expan>. </s> <s>natiuum: ſunt enim hæc vitæ primordia. </s> <s>Ergo hoc quod <lb></lb>ſpeciem <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>intuetur in omnibus eſt perpetuum per ſe, ſed cùm aliqua ſint quæ eandem <lb></lb>virtutem habent in toto & partibus, quaſi ſint plura numero differentia quæ in vnum <expan abbr="coaluerint̃">coaluerintur</expan>, <lb></lb>quantùm pertinet ad idem ſubiectum quod ab ortu contractum eſt; idem iudicium puto faciendum <lb></lb>quod factum eſt anteà; dum doceremus idem permanete, licet aſsiduè minueretur & alteratetur: <lb></lb>cùm verò reſtauranda ſint hæc propter ſpeciem; ſpecies autem ex partibus ſeparatis reſtaurari va<lb></lb>leat; fit, vt per accidens in toto reficiatur humor & calor innatus; ſignum, quòd per ſe non refici<lb></lb>tur, vt indiuiduum; quia ſic, cum eadem ſubſtantia prorſus redintegrari valeat; nihil prohibe<lb></lb>ret, quin æterna redderentur. </s> <s>Prętereà cùm eadem ſubſtantia ſit illius humoris qui paſtibus in<lb></lb>ſeritur, & toti ſuppetit, ac multitudine vitam producit; amputata diutius viuerent; minus enim <lb></lb>ſupereſſet, cui ſuppeditandum foret alimentum, & quòd eſſet à pauciore calore gubernandum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Signum huic eſto, quòd claudi ſalaciores habentur, non ob aliud, ſi philoſophos audimus, ac <lb></lb>quòd illa pars vtilis alimenti quæ ad pedem transferri debet, redundat & tranformatur in ſemen. <lb></lb></s> <s>Itaque poëtæ virum Venetis Vulcanum altero pede captum eſſe fabulantur. </s> <s>Quapropter etiam <lb></lb>nil vetaret, quominus idem contingeret in nonnullis plantis ſuapte vi longęuis, quæ tolerant vul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4155"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus; vt quercus. </s> <s>Non igitur pertinent hæc ad indiuidui tutelam, ſed ſpeciei per ſe. </s> <s>In perfectis <lb></lb>non eſt eadem ratio, quia quod continet illum calorem nouum, non eſt pars indiuidui: neque enim <lb></lb>niſi in ſemine animalis ille calor ineſt: at non habet hunc materia ſeminis vbique, ſed cùm à capi<lb></lb>te fertur ad inſtrumenta generationis in re venerea, vt placuit Ariſtoteli; vel, vt voluit Galenus, in <lb></lb>teſtibus, aut ſimilibus locis. </s> <s>Sic igitur manet primogenius in corde, & renouatus in ſemine, & <lb></lb>hoc nihil reſpicit partes eiuſdem indiuìdui (iam enim incrementum habetur) patet, quòd non re<lb></lb>ficitur idem propter idem indiuiduum, ſed propter aliud, & ſpeciem. </s> <s>Nam ſi primogenius ex<lb></lb>tra cor prodiret, etſi alibi poſſet calor ille contineri; falsò & Ariſtoteles & Galenus de ſeminis na<lb></lb>tura conſtituiſſent: etenim alibi poſſet confici ſemen, atque vbi ipſi profitentur. </s> <s>Neque enim eſt, <lb></lb>quòd ſuſpiceris, quia ſemen ſit redundantia poſtremi vtilis alimenti, quòd idcircò ſit eadem na<lb></lb>tura prorſus illius vltimi alimenti, & ſeminis: ſiquidem ita dicitur ſemen vltimum alimentum, <lb></lb>quia ſit illa eius materia proxima, ſed adhuc accedat oportet calor ille à corde tranſmiſſus; aut, <lb></lb>vt Galeno placuit; vis à gignendi virtute communicata: adde etiam, calorem aſtrorum qui vim <lb></lb>cognoſcendi ſubminiſtrat. </s> <s>Non igitur calor ab ortus initio conceptus idem in eodem indiui<lb></lb>duo reſtituitur, aut ad ſummum per accidens in imperfectis, quia quod eſt alterius indiuidui prin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4156"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipium, quod eſſe poteſt, ſimul eſt pars eius, quod iam eſt actu. </s> <s>Sed veniamus ad obiectiones <lb></lb>oppoſitas.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4138"></margin.target>a 2. ſent.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4139"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4140"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4141"></margin.target>b 2. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4142"></margin.target>c 2. de ort. <lb></lb>anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4143"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4144"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4145"></margin.target>a Lib. 1. de <lb></lb>vita long. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4146"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4147"></margin.target>b 5. de Ge. <lb></lb>anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4148"></margin.target>c 6. de <expan abbr="tuẽ">tuem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>val.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4149"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4150"></margin.target>d Probl. <lb></lb>ſect. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4151"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4152"></margin.target>e 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4153"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4154"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4155"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4156"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Euertentur rationes, quibus probabatur idem non eſſe indiuiduum ab initio vitæ vſque ad <lb></lb>exitum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OPPOSITAS autem rationes non eſt difficile ſoluere. </s> <s>Nam cùm inueherentur in Alexan<lb></lb>drum eo nomine, quòd partem quandam fixam & permanentem poſuerit quæ foret humor <lb></lb>ille innatus qui per omnia membra diſpenſaretur; nihil certè contra nos qui ipſum in primo mini<lb></lb>mo, quod generationis ſubiectum eſt, collocamus, & refici poſſe dicimus, ſi non ad illud indiui<lb></lb>duum, quod eſt actu; at ad alterum indiuiduum, quod propagari poteſt. </s> <s>Quod item adſcribunt <lb></lb>tam paruam molem conſeruari; cùm tanta quæ accedit, olim diſsipetur; videamus, ne nimiùm inu<lb></lb>tiliter & pueriliter proferatur, ſiquidem temperies innati caloris poſsit eſſe multò <expan abbr="cõſtantior">conſtantior</expan>, quàm <lb></lb>eius qui affluit aliunde. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt, quòd quædam partes quas medici ſpermaticas appel<lb></lb>lant, ſunt verò tenaciſsimę, proptereà ex conſtantiſsima materia, extra vterum non regenerantur: <lb></lb>quanquàm neque totum dilabi volumus, ſed quandam eius partem ſolùm: totum verò alterari: <pb pagenum="711"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4157"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nunquam tamen, niſi in extremo vitæ exhauſtum eſſe concedimus. </s> <s>Nutritionem verò ex ſimili <lb></lb>fieri, & nos eiſdem ali ex quibus ab initio conſtituti ſumus. </s> <s>Hìc ego duplex alimentum, & du<lb></lb>plicem conſtitutionem eſſe moneo: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt prima quidem conſtitutio, cùm primùm anima com<lb></lb>prehenditur in ſemine, quæ exiſtit ex eo primo, quod vitæ capax eſſe poteſt: altera conſtitutio vi<lb></lb>uentis eſt, quouſque perfectum eſt, & ad debitam magnitudinem perductum, aut ad eum termi<lb></lb>num, quo ipſum promonere poteſt efficiens, vt homo, quouſque facit hominem: illa quidem pri<lb></lb>ma conſtitutio ſit ex internis principiis ſolùm; requirit altera aliquid extrinſecùs accedens. </s> <s>Nec<lb></lb>non alimentum externum eſt, vel internum, vt quo primo pulli in quo nutriuntur. </s> <s>Nunc, quod atti<lb></lb>net ad primam illam conſtitutionem, aut eius eſt nutritio nulla; quippe quòd ſeipſo contentum ſit <lb></lb>id quod ab initio conſtitutum eſt, aut quod verius puto, id ex quo conſtitutum eſt, eſt ipſius proprium <lb></lb>alimentum, quod tandiu manet, quoad vita conſeruatur. </s> <s>in ſecunda conſtitutione deſideratur exter<lb></lb>num, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>& alimentum externum eſt, idcirco etiam cum ſalute dilabitur, & tale refici poteſt, qua<lb></lb>le eſt illud ex quo conſtitutum eſt, ſi liceat ipſi experiri debitas vires illius primi caloris qui eſt animæ <lb></lb>fundamentum: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obſtat, quin aliud <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> reperiri poſsit, quod habeat eandem poteſtatem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Generatim igitur ex eiſdem conſtamus, & alimur. </s> <s>Sed quòd idem ſit quod accedit, cum eo quod pri<lb></lb>mùm comprehenſum fuit, id planè inficior. </s> <s>At non ſuſtinebit tantum oneris, quantum eſt alimenti, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4158"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod ſuperuenit. </s> <s>& id tibi do: proptereà dico fieri prauam aſsimilationem in ægrotis, in iis quos <lb></lb>medici, vel neutros, vel inſalubres appellant, & in ſenibus inde carnes producuntur quæ non ſimpli<lb></lb>citer eiuſmodi ſint, ſed aut melancholice, aut phlegmaticæ: & idem quoque euenire fateor, vbi pra<lb></lb>uos & corruptos cibos adhibeamus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Et humore veſcitur aſsiduè calor: ideò minuitur, & extingui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4159"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur ad extremum, ſed in eius primi conſumptione tempus aliquod flagitatur, quod eſt vita ipſa: illud <lb></lb>quod eſt in partibus quæ ſuperueniunt, variatur; at ex eo vita non pendet: eſt enim materia non ſa<lb></lb>nè generationis, in qua anima ipſa primò conſiſtit, ſed incrementi, quæ pars eſſentiæ non eſt, ſed po<lb></lb>ſterior eſſentia: duplex enim eſt ratio partium materiæ. </s> <s>quandò ſunt quædam toto priores, ſine qui<lb></lb>bus corruit totum & eſſentiæ rationem mutat, vt carina, & prora: ſunt alię toto poſteriores, quibus <lb></lb>variatis etiam totius ratio conſeruatur, vt hi, vel illi aſſeres & claui: & planum & circunferentia ſunt <lb></lb>circulo priores, ſemicirculus eſt poſterior; cùm ſit aliquid circuli. </s> <s>Sed quid immoror in exemplis, <lb></lb>quorum turba me certè fatigat? </s> <s>Ita igitur partes corporis noſtri ſe habent: nam quæ primum eſt ani<lb></lb>mæ ſubiectum toto prior eſt, nec ſine illa viuens, aut eſſe, aut cogitari poteſt: quæ per incrementum <lb></lb>ſuppeditant, poſteriores ſunt, & ſine illis viuens & anima poſſunt & concipi & exiſtere; licèt non <expan abbr="vſ-quequaq.">vſ<lb></lb>quequaque</expan> perfecta ſint, ſed & illa prima temporis tractu tabeſcit, vltimò interit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vita eſt prima <lb></lb>participatio calidi in humido, <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>manſio ætas, & hoc primum exiſtit, & <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> interit: vnde <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4160"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in iis qui anguntur à fame, membra exteriora prius exiccantur, deinceps ea quæ cordi propinquiora <lb></lb>ſunt: vbi contabuit id quod eſt in corde, protinus deperit animal. </s> <s>Experientia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pueri leproſi, <lb></lb>& tabidi qui conualuerunt, non indicant mutationem quæ ad illud humidum pertineat, quod faci<lb></lb>mus primum formæ ſubiectum, ſed ad alterum illud quod aduentitium, & externum, & incrementi <lb></lb>ſubiectum ponimus. </s> <s>At video te inſiſtere, & locum multò ſalebroſiorem notare, quàm ille ſit quem <lb></lb>aduerſarij defendunt: quippe quòd ſi in minimo collocatur hæc forma, & in materia quam dicimus <lb></lb>eſſe ortus, non auctionis: anima igitur alens non poterit diuidi cum ſubiecto: quamobrem caro, oſſa, <lb></lb>& nerui non erunt animata. </s> <s>ſic nutritio non erit ſubſtantiæ generatio, quæ omnia cùm ſint præter <lb></lb>opinionem, faciunt item, vt hæc poſitio fallax exiſtimari debeat. </s> <s>Poſtulat hæc diſputatio profectò <lb></lb>diſputationem illam qua veſtigatur, ſit'ne anima tota in toto, & tota in qualibet parte, ſed cùm alte<lb></lb>rius loci <expan abbr="temporiſq.">temporiſque</expan> ſit; inde tantum delibabimus, quantum ſatis erit ad aperiendam hypotheſin no<lb></lb>ſtram. </s> <s>Meminiſſe ergo oportet eius diſtinctionis, quòd è viuentibus quædam perfecta ſunt, alia im<lb></lb>perfecta, vt ſuprà diximus. </s> <s>In perfectis anima (nam de hac eſt controuerſia, quanquam in ſingulis <lb></lb>ſegmentis eadem eſt animæ ratio in inſectis & perfectis: ſemper enim ſe habet vt primum quoddam <lb></lb>à reliquis partibus ſubiecto ſeparatum) continetur in ea parte quæ primo viuit, & ad cęteras per ſpi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4161"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ritus, vel coniunctionem (ſiquidem omnes aliæ partes adnatæ ſint ad eam primam) ſuas vires tranſ<lb></lb>fundit, vt calorem; nec ſanè quòd extendatur, ſed ſine ſui præſentia diſtribuit ſua munera ſingulis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim ea vis eſt caloris, vt extra ſe eminus emittat ſpeciem ſuam. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> dicitur in illis eſſe anima, <lb></lb>& eas partes habere animam & viuere; non quia ſingulis eius præſentia præſtò ſit, ſed virtus cui mi<lb></lb>niſtret appetitus partium naturalis. </s> <s>Ergo non eſt idem formæ genus anima, atque forma terræ, vel <lb></lb>aquæ: hęc enim æquè partibus ac toti communicatur: proinde pars toti eſt cognominis, & aquę pars <lb></lb>eſt item aqua: hæc totius eſt ſolum, non partiúm ſingularum: vnde item partes non habent eandem <lb></lb>appellationem, ac rationem cum toto, nec partes animalis habent animam, quia tamen ſubſiſtunt per <lb></lb>animam, quòd pendent ex illo primo in quo reſidet anima; habetur optimo iure anima illarum for<lb></lb>ma, vt nulla ſit alia forma præter animam, vnde hauriant eſſentiam, tamen anima ipſa primùm eſt for<lb></lb>ma totius: etenim illis anima frui contingit, quatenus in toto ſunt: eo fit, vt à toto ſeparatæ etiam ra<lb></lb>tionem propriam, & nomen amittant. </s> <s>Igitur etſi non potiuntur animæ præſentia, ſed eius virtute par<lb></lb>ticipant, illius primæ beneficio cui ſunt adnexæ, & animatæ ſunt, & viuunt, & ſubſtantiæ perhi<lb></lb>bentur: ſic verè gignuntur, <expan abbr="earumq́ue">earumque</expan> nutritio, & incrementum ortus quidem eſt, non alteratio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ea prima pars continet calorem & humorem natiuum qui eſt ſubiectum, & pabulum eius; hic eſt <lb></lb>inſtrumentum ſtellarum & ſpiritus, in quo vis eſt alendi & vegetandi, & facultas accipiendi rerum <pb pagenum="712"></pb>formas ſine materia: hic primus aduenit, & vltimus abit, ac quo | lentior, eo quoque contumacior. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4162"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hinc factum eſſe putabimus, vt hæc virtus habeatur <foreign lang="grc">ἄυλος</foreign>, & ſine materia cum ſe non applicet ad <lb></lb>ſingulas partes, ſed vbi pars idonea præſtò ſit; adſit gubernandi facultas, vbi receſſerit, & virtus in<lb></lb>de ſecedat, nec quicquam de illius ſubſtantia, vel acceſsione partium amplificetur, vel receſſu mi<lb></lb>nuatur; veluti quidam Sol qui ſi præſens perſpicuum fuerit, illuſtrat; ſi minus, illuſtrandi officium <lb></lb>vacat; nihilominus de illa luce primogenia, nec quicquam ex præſentia perſpicui creſcit, nec ex eiuſ<lb></lb>dem abſentia deteritur, ſine vlla ſuſpicione migrationis, quam video veritos eſſe nonnullos; quan<lb></lb>dò hanc, vel illam partem, nunc informat & animat; mox deſerit & necat: nam virtus ſola diffun<lb></lb>ditur: eſſet autem ſine dubio migratio, ſi ſua pręſentia ſingulis partibus adeſſet. </s> <s>Cùm dictis miri<lb></lb>ficè conuenit exemplum Ariſtotelicum ab vtre deſumptum, qui manet idem, modò plus, aliàs aquæ <lb></lb>minus accipiens, & nunc contrahitur, poſt amplificabitur, & porrigetur, vt videas vnam <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan> <lb></lb>formam ſecundùm ſubſtantiam permanere, & plus minuſúe materiæ ſine vllo detrimento capere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd igitur animæ ſubſtantia non concutitur ex ea partium mutatione quę contingit in incremen<lb></lb>to; efficitur, vt idem ſit, quod augetur, nec per aliquam formam quæ reſpiciat omnes partes ſimul, <lb></lb>& in earum partium coniunctione ſit poſita, nec quia materia ſubſtituatur quę tantundem valeat; <lb></lb>quoniam etſi ſuccedunt, in eis anima non collocatur: nec ab aliis eſſentia pendet: ſunt enim toto po<lb></lb>ſteriores, vt ſuprà diximus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4163"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4157"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4158"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4159"></margin.target>a Probl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4160"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4161"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4162"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4163"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt id quod augetur, ex qualibet parte fiat maius, & quod partium genus alij poſuerint. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OSTENSVM hactenus eſt, quemadmodum id quod viuit, ab initio ad finem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> eandem reti<lb></lb>neat formam, quòd ortus materia ſimul etiam conſeruetur; ea ſolùm diffluat quæ eſt poſt geni<lb></lb>ta, & animato illi primo ſuperuenit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> illius effluxus nihil attinet ad formæ perniciem: tamen ea <lb></lb>non eſt cauſſa propter quam auctio dicitur fieri ſecundùm formam; nec illa eſt prima ratio per quam <lb></lb>animanti tribuitur augeri, vt planè monſtrant verba Ariſtotelis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan> & hæc nobis explicanda eſt; ſi <lb></lb>viam diſcere velimus, & <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quibus fit incrementum. </s> <s>Id verò intelligetur, vbi notuerit, quomodo <lb></lb>quælibet pars eius quod augetur, fiat maior: hoc verò, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ex ſenſu communi deſumptum <lb></lb>eſt, ita apud eruditos præſefert difficultatem non ſpernendam. </s> <s>proptereà res hęc diligentius inquire<lb></lb>tur: ſic verò tractabitur, vt primùm ſtatuatur, quæ'nam pars accipienda ſit à nobis, deinde qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>fiat incrementum ſecundùm quodlibet ſignum. </s> <s>Quia verò ſunt in hoc loco aliorum ſententię perpen<lb></lb>dendæ, vt nobis aditum reſerent ad inueniendam veritatem; eæ verò propè omnes rem conficiunt ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4164"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modo quo in viuentis corpore nutritio miniſtratur: quanquam res ipſa per ſe commentarium totum <lb></lb>poſtulat; breuibus tamen vniuerſa re expoſita, hinc ſolutionis exordium capiemus: enitemur autem <lb></lb>illa hunc transferre; quæ tametſi non ab omnibus approbata, tamen Ariſtoteli placuiſſe intelligemus. <lb></lb></s> <s>In primis igitur in corde in animantibus, aut tali principio quod ipſi proportione reſpondeat, alimen<lb></lb>tum diſpenſatur: hoc huiuſmodi eſt, vt actu humidum ſit, quod facilè & propemodum in infinitas <lb></lb>particulas diſſeretur, vt per quoſcunque, vel exiles meatus tranſuehi queat, & cum ſiccioribus mul<lb></lb>to negocio coire: idem quoque poteſtate terreum, nec exhalet, ſed cauſſa conſtantiæ caloris ope con<lb></lb>creſcat: niſi tale fuerit; nutrire non eſt idoneum: præſtat autem velut efficiens hæc omnia calor, non <lb></lb>igneus ille qui comburit, & neſcit in <expan abbr="agẽdo">agendo</expan> modum tenere, ſed ille vitalis quod eſt animæ pręſidium, <lb></lb>& firmamentum per quattuor officia: coctionem qua probè temperantur alimenti partes, vt tales eua<lb></lb>dant, quales anteà ſignificauimus: tractionem, talis enim eſt vis calidi humidi: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> retentionem, quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4165"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex eadem petra ſcaturit, vnde tractio: etenim retentio finis eſt tractionis: ab eiſdem verò principiis & <lb></lb>finis præſtatur, & ea quæ ſunt inſtituta ad finem: nec aliter, atque locus naturalis trahat, & moueat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>apud ſe conſeruet: & extremam aſsimilationem, vt certam ſortitæ temperiem, <expan abbr="qualeſq́">qualeſque</expan>. </s> <s>factę, <lb></lb>quales ſunt partes noſtri corporis; animæ dicto perbellè audiant, & adhęrentes animatæ reddantur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4166"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Verùm quòd humor etiam magna pars eſt conſtitutionis animantium; eo verò veſcitur aſsiduè calor; <lb></lb>ex hoc fit, vt partes exhauriantur, & terra quæ dominatur in ipſo, tranſeat in halitum: proinde pori <lb></lb>creantur, per quos exhalant inſenſili perſpiratu corpuſcula cæca, atque ita patent nonnunquam, <lb></lb>vt præbeant exitum perſpicuum corporibus quæ viſui ſe non celant, vt ſunt ſudores, & præcipuè ſi <lb></lb>ſanguinei fuerint. </s> <s>Ob hanc operam caloris, & confectionem partium animantis alimento opus eſt, <lb></lb>& eſt, vbi recipiatur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò didicimus alimentum ab eo quo viuens augetur, non, niſi quan<lb></lb>titatis ratione diſcrepare, proptereà ſi cogitemus alimenti plus accedere partibus, quàm à calore con<lb></lb>ſumptum fuerit, auctionem eo tempore fieri cognoſcemus. </s> <s>Sed quemadmodum ſingulis partibus <lb></lb>acceſsio fieri valeat, & quæ'nam partes iſtæ ſint quibus acceſsio fiat, ſequitur, vt proximè docea<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Quod ad primum ſpectat; audiuimus anteà ſingulas partes meatibus quibuſdam eſſe interce<lb></lb>ptas, & quaſi diſtinctas: quaſi verò hæc orificia venarum tenuiſsima quibus excipitur alimentum, <lb></lb>& per halitum, ſeu vaporem partibus ſolidis expirando communicatur, & quanuis actu <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, quia <lb></lb>poteſt eſſe frigidum, vbi ad extrema illa orificia peruenerit, in humorem cogitur, quem medici rorem <lb></lb>vocant, deinde concreſcens, efficitur, vt inquiunt ipſi, cambium; poſtmodùm, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> inſtar copulatio; <lb></lb>id quod ipſi vocant gluten. </s> <s>Quamobrem non eſt, quòd aut inane, aut penetrationem <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> quiſ<lb></lb>quam vereatur; eo quòd meatus iſti pleni ſunt, aut illo ſpiritu qui exhalat, aut humore, aut nouo <pb pagenum="713"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4167"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alimento qui in exhalantis locum ſuccedit: ſunt item ipſi pro ratione materiæ variabiles, vt nos ali<lb></lb>bi ſeparatim docuimus (quicquid Philoponus iudicet) Ariſtotele & Galeno auctoribus, quanquam <lb></lb>neque magna admodùm concertatio de hac re, aut inter medicos extat, aut philoſophos; ſed hoc <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>maximè litigatur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fiat appoſitio cuilibet parti. </s> <s>Primùm, quia ſunt in corpore viuentis <lb></lb>quædam partes duræ, vt oſſa quæ nulla ratione penetrare poſſe videtur <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>; ſed forinſecùs adhę<lb></lb>rere, quia nullæ ſunt cauitates in quibus recipi queat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nec ſingulis eorum partibus, nec aliunde <lb></lb>alimentum, niſi extrinſecùs apponetur. </s> <s>Ex hoc effectum eſt, vt non eadem <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> philoſophi de par<lb></lb>tibus iſtis iudicarent: ac nonnulli diſtinguerent corporis noſtri partes in materiales & formales, in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>ſanè ſenſum voces has accipientes, quòd illę formales haberentur quæ poris ſcaterent, materiales <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>ſolidæ & plenæ, & putarent auctionem verè effici, vbi partes eſſent poroſæ, ſolidas auctionis eſſe exper<lb></lb>tes, conuenire <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illis appoſitionem quæ non ſecus fieret, ac ſi terra terræ apponatur: nam poroſæ ſu<lb></lb>ſcipiunt intra ſe <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>verè, & propriè nutriuntur, & augentur: illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> complectitur ina<lb></lb>nima, ſed de viuentium partibus agamus: hę quas poroſas eſſe nouimus, per ſe quidem creſcunt; illæ <lb></lb>ex appoſitione fiunt ſanè maiores. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> creſcunt ex. </s> <s>euento nam ſolidis poroſæ finiuntur, vnde etiam <lb></lb>præbent illis partem alimenti quod acceperunt. </s> <s>Alij <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eiſdem vocibus ad aliam rem <expan abbr="ſignificandã">ſignificandam</expan> <lb></lb>vſi ſunt: quandò formales, organicas eſſe crediderunt; materiales verò vniformes, ea ratione <expan abbr="cõmoti">commoti</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4168"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam Ariſtotelis afferebat: proptereà quòd anima & forma <expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> magis eluceret in difformibus & or<lb></lb>ganicis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in vniformibus atque arbitrati ſunt auctionem fieri per partes organicas, ad vniformes <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>non attinere, ſic verè manus & pedes augeri; carnes & oſſa nequaquam. </s> <s>& cùm ea conditio ſit eorum <lb></lb>quæ verè augentur, eadem in toto curſu vitæ conſeruari; permaneant verò organa ſuam <expan abbr="diſpoſitionẽ">diſpoſitionem</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="figuramq́">figuramque</expan>. </s> <s>retinentia, partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quas Theodorus ſimilares appellauit, ſine intermiſsione conficiantur <lb></lb>à calore natiuo, & cauſſa ſubſtantiæ varientur: verè augeri volunt difformes, negant conſimiles, & <lb></lb>vniformes. </s> <s>Quamobrem occurrunt iſti propoſitæ quæſtioni ad limen, nec eam prodire patiuntur: <lb></lb>negant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partes vniformes augeri. </s> <s>quare non exiſtit controuerſia, quomodo partes ſolidę <expan abbr="augeãtur">augeantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eadem quoque partium diſtinctione, ſed in longè alium ſenſum D. Thomas auctoritate Alexandri ſe <lb></lb>vti profitetur: nam ſpectat geminos illos humores ſeminalem .ſ. </s> <s>& eum quem nutricium vocat, illum <lb></lb>ſicuti formam eſſe reſtatur, quia permanet; hunc obtinere vicem materiæ, quia diſipatur. </s> <s>Cùm igi<lb></lb>tur auctio fiat ſecundùm formam, & id augeri dicatur quod permanet; fit, vt ille vult, per humorem <lb></lb>illum ſeminalem; alter humor nutritius; cùm dilabatur, auctioni non erit obnoxius. </s> <s>Quocirca <lb></lb>cum difficultas inſtet, quomodo partes ſolidæ creſcant, cùm alimentum non excipiant; ita videtur <lb></lb>ex dicto D. Thomæ tolli poſſe: eam niſi falſa hypotheſi, quòd auctio fiat per humorem alimentitium; <lb></lb>cùm fiat per ſeminalem qui æquè in vniuerſis partibus Auerroës continetur. </s> <s>Auerroës autem partes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4169"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>formales ſenſiles interpretatus, ideſt, minima quibus vniformium ratio conſiſtere & conſeruari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>ſingulis, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illę forent, poros aſsignauit, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> per poros adiectionem fieri poſſe cenſuit, <lb></lb>& idcirco omnes auctioni ſubiectas eſſe iudicauit. </s> <s>tametſi mirum videri potuit medicis, quorum iu<lb></lb>dicium ſenſu potiſsimè vtitur, qui raras admodùm venas, & exiles per oſſa ferri perſpiciunt, quòd <lb></lb>oſſa per alimentum intra ſe ſuſceptum auctioni obnoxiæ redderentur. </s> <s>Proinde etiam atque etiam <lb></lb>conſiderandum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4164"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4165"></margin.target>a 2. de ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4166"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4167"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4168"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4169"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum ſententiis refutatis exponitur quid placeat nobis de eo, quòd auctio fiat ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAS, aut parùm ab his diſsimiles accepimus antiquorum interpretum rationas, quibus illam <expan abbr="cõ-munem">con<lb></lb>munem</expan> crementi notionem, quae auctio nimirùm fiat ſecundùm quodlibet ſignum, defendere co<lb></lb>narentur. </s> <s>Attamen, vt mea <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> fert, omnes aberrant à vero; id autem perſpicuum fiet, ſi ſingulas pro vi<lb></lb>rili noſtra redarguamus. </s> <s>Nam quod ad priorem illam pertinet qua ſtatuebatur partes poroſas propriè <lb></lb>creſcere, & illarum cauſſa ſolidas: repugnat ea profectò his quæ ſcribit Ariſtoteles: etenim cùm diſtri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4170"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bueret partes in eas quæ ſunt ſecundùm materiam, & quæ ſunt ſecundùm formam, vt ipſi cenſent, <lb></lb>nonmodo complexus eſt illas quæ poros haberent, ſed eas etiam quæ nullas haberent cauitates; <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>omnes in formam & materiam ſecari voluit: nam pro exemplo afferebat in medio carnes & oſſa: <lb></lb>ſiqua verò è partibus corporis abhorret à poris, os ipſum eſt; nec carnis, aut oſsis partem quandam <lb></lb>quæ forent quanta, conſtituit formam, reliquam materiam ſed <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & formam ex officio diſtinxit <lb></lb>quod erat, functionibus perſpicuis, vel obſcuris eſſe præditum, vt optimè cernas <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & materiam à <lb></lb>partium <expan abbr="quantarũ">quantarum</expan> natura non fuiſſe deſumptas. </s> <s>Quod item confirmatur ex his quæ proximè adſcri<lb></lb>pſit Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe perſuaſurus <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo fit incrementum vtris <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan>, è quo certè nil ſuſpicionis elicitur <lb></lb>qua partes in poroſas & ſolidas partiri credamus, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus, quae poroſæ creſcant, eo quae præcipuè, <lb></lb>quia potius permanent ſolidæ, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> poroſæ: quocirca ſolidę magis augeri debuiſſent: id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maximè cre<lb></lb>ſcit quod permanet; ſolidæ permanent, poroſæ variantur & diffluunt. </s> <s>Mitto etiam, quae ſi poroſæ quæ <lb></lb>ſpiritu plenæ ſunt, augentur, alimentum erit tantundem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſpiritus ille qui migrat è poris. </s> <s>Nulla igi<lb></lb>tur auctio, ſed tantum, quantus fuerat anteà porus, aut ſolidas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> creſcere oportebit. </s> <s>Multò etiam ma<lb></lb>gis ij peccant, qui partes organicas augeri per ſe putant; vniformes autem per accidens: quandò & ipſi <lb></lb>manifeſtè oppugnant Ariſt. </s> <s>ita dicentem augeri primùm vniformes; per has verò difformes, quæ ſunt <lb></lb>organa ipſa: niſi dixerint augeri vniformes per aliud, quia gratia difformium creſcant. </s> <s>At nos hîc non <pb pagenum="714"></pb>finem quęrimus auctionis, ſed <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> primum, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> partem cui fit acceſsio nutrimenti, de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4171"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua primò prędicamus augeri, & <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> primam per quam augetur, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, & ſubiectum faci<lb></lb>mus partes vniformes, & <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> primam incrementi formam. </s> <s>Prætereà diſtinctio partium ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="vtrìq.">vtrìque</expan> partium generi, cum <expan abbr="vniformiũ">vniformium</expan>, tum difformium <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt: <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> abeſt, <lb></lb>vt forma organorum, materia verò vniformium propria fit: ſeſe planè prodit magis in difformibus <lb></lb>latet verò in vniformibus ipſa forma. </s> <s>Quapropter id quo primo poſita eſt anima, & vita, eſt vnifor<lb></lb>me propter ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Eidem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> periculo exponitur D. Thomę diſtinctio: ſiquidem humor, <lb></lb>ſiue ſpermaticus. </s> <s>ſeu nutritius ſit, è duplior illo principio conſtat, & habet aliquid quod formæ reſpon<lb></lb>det, vt <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, & aliud quod partes materiæ ſuſtinet, quo calor natiuus innititur. </s> <s>Præterquàm quae mani<lb></lb>feſtè <expan abbr="meminit̃">meminitur</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>de partibus difformibus & vniformibus & ad eas, non ad humores, vt cenſuit D. <lb></lb>Thomas, <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> diſtinctionem <expan abbr="accõmodauit">accommodauit</expan>. </s> <s>Auerrois <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> non iniuria ſuſpecta eſſe debet: nam ſi ex <lb></lb>eo loco <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> ſumpſit, vbi Ariſt. </s> <s>iuſsit, vt formæ, non materiæ <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> haberemus, eſt quòd <lb></lb>illi <expan abbr="inconſtantiã">inconſtantiam</expan> poſcimus obiicere: proptereaque ibi doceat Ariſt. </s> <s>auctionem reſpicere <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, non <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>. </s> <s>quòd hæc varietur; illa permaneat. </s> <s>Si igitur forma apud Auerroëm ſunt partes iſtę ſenſiles: has <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reminere oportebit: atqui ipſe antè conſtituerat ſolùm <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> ſeminale ſupereſſe. </s> <s>Prętereà, <lb></lb>quia nihil obſtat minimo diuidi in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & formam: <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> caro per ſe in eas partes diſſecetur, ſiue <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4172"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur minima ſit, ſeu maior; nihil ad <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> partitionem. </s> <s>Poſtremò eodem modo variatur minimum <lb></lb>ſenſile, ſicut materia per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſi fuerit vniforme; per accidens autem, ſi difforme: in vtroque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>partium genere minimum eſſe contingit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quamobrem alia via videtur ad exitum huius quæſtionis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4173"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adſpirandum. </s> <s>In ea verò duo declaranda ſuccurrunt; primum, quemadmodum partes omnes acceſ<lb></lb>ſionem alimenti participent, deinde quo pacto maiores <expan abbr="euadãt">euadant</expan>. </s> <s>Equidem nihil appoſitum legi magis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod ab Alexandro ſcriptum <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſt. </s> <s>Et quod ad primum pertinet, ſic habero; non ita fieri incre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4174"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentum, quae aliquid accedat partibus quæ ſpectentur, vt materia; hoc eſt, quatenus <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ratione formæ ſe<lb></lb>cluſa ſunt ſubiectæ diuiſioni quæ conuenit eis, quà continuę ſunt: ita vt cuilibet parti quæ materiæ <lb></lb>cauſſa <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> per ſe ſubſiſtere, <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> accedat: nam ſic opus eſſet, vt vniuerſum nutrimentum per vni<lb></lb>uerſum corpus vitrentis <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> penetraret, id quod neceſſarium non eſt: neque <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quia materia <lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> vndecunque non admittit: verùm beneficio formæ, quæ cum per ſe di<lb></lb>ſtantia careat; acceſsione nouæ materię fiat <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> maior; cùm ſit in pluri materia: neque item <lb></lb>ſic fieri, quae accedat quidpiam ſingulis minimis, ſeu primis ſenſilibus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> oporteret meatus per quos <lb></lb>fertur <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>, <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> pertinere; apparet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quidam eorum terminus, vt venæ & arteriæ & ma<lb></lb>gis hoc <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> eſt in partibus ſolidioribus oſsibus & ligamentis, ſed <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> conſimilis accedat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4175"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>particula; totum illud quod præcedebat cum parte adiecta factum eſt maius: <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dicebat Auer<lb></lb>roës addito cyatho vini cado maius <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt vinum, neque tamen <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> facta eſt ap<lb></lb>poſitio. </s> <s>Deinde aduerte in incremento ſeruari figuram <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> organicarum quæ ſibi ad animæ officia <lb></lb>perfungenda debetur: hoc autem fieri, quae partes à calore pellantur; probabile verò eſt, eas primò pelli <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ſuperiores, hoc eſt, ad <expan abbr="fontẽ">fontem</expan> caloris & vitæ; has <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pulſas ſubſequentes <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan> verſus ob<lb></lb>trudere; nec certè ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> cernamus in vnguibus & pilis, vbi <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> nota fuerit inuſta: ſiquidem in <lb></lb><expan abbr="anteriorẽ">anteriorem</expan> partem ſemper <expan abbr="cõtendit">contendit</expan>, & diſcedit à radicibus <expan abbr="eouſq.">eouſque</expan> procedens, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> proportione figura par<lb></lb>tis organicę porrigatur; eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vbi finitur potentia caloris innati. </s> <s>Idcirco etiam figura creſcit, ſed per <lb></lb>accidens, & ex conſecutione. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eũdem">Eundem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> materiæ proceſſum nouimus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>obſeruatum, dum <lb></lb>exponeret, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> tota terra eſſet rotunda: partem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inferiorem pars ſuperior impellebat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4176"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>donec <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, quoad liceret, locum <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> aſſequerentur ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> cum ſingulæ <expan abbr="parẽ">parem</expan> propenſionem con<lb></lb>ſecutæ fuerint, dum <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> fine potiſi cupiunt, ſuis nutibus æqualiter <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> conglobantur. </s> <s>Sed hęc <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> ad figuram, nihil ad incrementum. </s> <s>Specta nunc inſuper extentionem <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> pręcedentium ſupe<lb></lb>rioribus ſuperuenientibus <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> ſingulæ maiores exiſtent, vt dimidia maiora, tertiæ maiores, & ex vna tan<lb></lb>tum parte facta erit acceſsio: hæc, quae extrinſecùs augeſcunt, facultate natiua nihil operante, ex appoſi<lb></lb>tione maiore facta eſſe dicuntur. </s> <s>Cogita modò tu eam <expan abbr="appoſitionẽ">appoſitionem</expan> virium internatum, & inſtrumen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4177"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>torum ope <expan abbr="miniſtratã">miniſtratam</expan>, facilè tenebis <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo incrementum fiat in viuente, & cognoſces auctionem <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> non eſſe <expan abbr="factã">factam</expan>, quia ſingulis partibus aliqua materies acceſſerit, ſed per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quae quælibet <lb></lb>pars maiores terminos conſecuta fuerit ſine acceſsione materiæ. </s> <s>Nec aliter <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>, ac ſi conſtitueris <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb></lb>maius eſſe <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> partibus vniuerſis vnà <expan abbr="cõſideratis">conſideratis</expan>, non ſingulis <expan abbr="ſocietatẽ">ſocietatem</expan> materiæ <expan abbr="cõſequentibus">conſequentibus</expan> quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> dici ſolet ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, cùm id cuius habetur <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> cauſſa <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>, nominetur ex ma<lb></lb>teria, cuius inſtar & hîc accipiatur quod <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> ſecundùm formam. </s> <s>Sed nunquid hîc item habetur <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> for<lb></lb>mæ quæ <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan> ſubſtantiam? </s> <s>Maxime. </s> <s>Nam carnis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> permanet, <expan abbr="etiãſi">etiamſi</expan> materia mutetur. </s> <s>&, quan<lb></lb>uis anima ſit eius prima forma, ſic tamen <expan abbr="conſiderat̃">conſideratur</expan> vt addicta certo <expan abbr="tẽperamento">temperamento</expan> per quod ſic <expan abbr="habet̃">habetur</expan> <lb></lb>eſſentia carnis, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit eadem nerui; cùm tamen <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſit æquè vnica forma quę totius eſt. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="nũquid">nunquid</expan> <lb></lb>ex hoc <expan abbr="abſoluit̃">abſoluitur</expan> vniuerſa <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> incrementi? </s> <s>Certè non opinor incrementi <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſatis explicaſſe Ariſt. </s> <s>ſi <lb></lb>eo formæ, vel materiæ genere tantum modò inſtitiſſet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> adhuc ſupererat cauſſa quærendi, quem<lb></lb>admodum quælibet pars, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa fuerit, ſeu ſenſilis & minima, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> longè minor (nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> re<lb></lb>fert, vt ſupra ſcripſi, cuiuſmodi ſit pars, vbi fiat in alio, nec per ſe ſubſiſtat, quia ſat fuerit, ſi ex iis multis <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> totum ſenſus excreuiſſe cognoſcat) adhuc, inquam, ſupererat inquirendum, vndénam accederet <lb></lb>extentio formæ: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa per ſe extenditur, cùm ſit per ſe indiuidua; nec, cùm diuidatur per <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>; habet vnde <expan abbr="diuidat̃">diuidatur</expan>, quia ſine acceſsione materiæ partes ſunt factæ maiores, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic, vti deberet; <pb pagenum="715"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4178"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>petitur incrementi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> à conditione quantitatis quæ eſt primum ſubiectum, ſecundùm quod fit ea mu<lb></lb>tatio. </s> <s>Quamobrem, vt principiis conſentiant exitus: redi in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> memoriam quæ ſuprà de quantitate <lb></lb>decreuimus: etenim collocauimus in ea duas partes, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæ materiæ <expan abbr="poteſtatiſq́">poteſtatiſque</expan>. </s> <s>vicem ſubiret, ni<lb></lb>mirùm <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtantiam, & <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæ locum formæ, & actus obtineret; quippe terminos <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <lb></lb>diſtantię; docuimus, <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> termini quoquomodo ſepararentur à diſtantia, cùm ſine illius <lb></lb>acceſsione, & obitu termini & amplificari & reſtringi poſſent. </s> <s>Fac ergo, vt cogites partium terminos im<lb></lb>mutatos, ſed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſimpliciter ſine interuentu materiæ & diſtantiæ, quemadmodum fit in rarefactione & <lb></lb>denſatione, nec per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quia ſingulæ partes non <expan abbr="acceperũt">acceperunt</expan> <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> materiæ <expan abbr="portionẽ">portionem</expan>, qua diſtantia <lb></lb>conſiſteret, ſed ex acceſsione materiæ & dimenſionis, quæ facta fuerit alicui parti in toto; terminos to<lb></lb>tius & <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> fuiſſe mutatos, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> materia quæ acceſsit, foret actu quanta, <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> fuiſſe productos, quan<lb></lb>ti fuerant eius materiæ termini quæ appoſita eſt, ſed per interna principia: nanque illo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> modo fiebat <lb></lb>appoſitio, ſed vniuerſa pendebat extrinſecùs. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> auctio fit ſecundùm formam cum ſubſtantiæ, tum <lb></lb>quanti, & hoc modo <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt quodlibet <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> maius, ſine materia tamen, & ex actu quanto factum eſt <lb></lb>actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, nec ſimpliciter <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> quanta: remanet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quod augetur, ab initiis <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <lb></lb>ad extrema per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ eſt ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, & per <expan abbr="humorẽ">humorem</expan> qui in ſemine conceptus eſt, ea ma<lb></lb>teria dilabente quæ primæ conſtitutioni viuentis acceſsit in qua anima non eſt poſita. </s> <s>Sed contra ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4179"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ decreta ſunt, aliquis fortaſſe dicet oſſa, cùm duriſsima ſint, non eſſe ſubiecta pulſioni, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tolerare <lb></lb><expan abbr="appoſitionẽ">appoſitionem</expan> quæ fieri debet intrinſecùs. </s> <s>Prætereà cùm fieri poſsit in partibus mollioribus quales ſunt <lb></lb>carnes, vt ſingulis appoſitio fiat, cùm orificia venarum extremis carnibus terminentur, & <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> pars <lb></lb>ope caloris, <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> meatus accipere queat, quo ingenio declinabitur illud, quin auctio fiat ex duplo, aut <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> ſingulis momentis inſignis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita viuentia cuncta, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> Aloidę fratres excreſcant, quos ſingulis <lb></lb>menſibus auctos palmi menſura fuiſſe poëtæ fabulantur? </s> <s>immò quo pacto creſcent, cùm alimentum <lb></lb><expan abbr="accipiat̃">accipiatur</expan> in poris, & neceſſariò tantum occupent loci, quanta eſt amplitudo canalium? </s> <s>Philoponus <lb></lb>ita dicebat ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, oſsibus <expan abbr="appoſitionẽ">appoſitionem</expan> fieri extrinſecùs, nulla materia per <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> ſubſtantiam pene<lb></lb>trante: quapropter eius viri iudicio, oſſa illa pulſione ſunt libera. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> ipſe oſtendere poterit, <lb></lb>oſſa ex appoſitione ſola fieri longiora ſalua figura? </s> <s>augebuntur ſanè ex craſsitudine, ſed breuitas an<lb></lb>tiqua manebit, ſi extrinſecùs appoſitio tantùm facta ſit: itaque ſi tale partium genus veſtiant carnes; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩes">homines</expan> ſanè, ſed culleoli verius habebimur, quemadmodum M. Tullio Caius <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> P. Clodij canis <lb></lb>aliquando obiecit. </s> <s>Ergo intrinſecùs <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> aliquid <expan abbr="oſsiũ">oſsium</expan> partibus accedit oportet, & in iis quoque pulſio <lb></lb>miniſtretui. </s> <s>Proptereà noſſe conuenit, dum viuunt oſſa, <expan abbr="tantã">tantam</expan> habere <expan abbr="mollitiẽ">mollitiem</expan> quæ cedat viribus calo<lb></lb>ris inuati & exhauriantur humore ingenito, <expan abbr="poroſq́">poroſque</expan>. </s> <s>faciant, longiore fortè <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> tractu, quia durio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4180"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra, ſed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> faciant. </s> <s>Neque efficitur ex hac adiectione, vt inſignis ſit auctio quotidiana: ſiquidem conti<lb></lb>nuè <expan abbr="dilabit̃">dilabitur</expan> aliquid, quod <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> auctio ſequatur, eſt reſarciendum: prætereà quod accedit, poteſt eſſe <lb></lb>inſenſile, & per ſeipſum minimo minus, cùm in alio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> conſiſtere debèat: ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> opor<lb></lb>tetet <expan abbr="acceſsionẽ">acceſsionem</expan> fieri cuilibet minimo, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, cùm tamen ſatis ſit, vt alicui parti fuerit <lb></lb><expan abbr="adiectũ">adiectum</expan> & maius ſit id quod <expan abbr="auget̃">augetur</expan> per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & fallit hæc obiectio propter <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> dictionis. </s> <s>Quòd ve<lb></lb>rò tantùm reficiatur, quanta eſt amplitudo <expan abbr="canaliũ">canalium</expan>; credere poterit ille, qui non aduertat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="humorẽ">humorem</expan>, <lb></lb>qui à calore afficitur; molem <expan abbr="cõtrahere">contrahere</expan> <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> ſine materia: necnon <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſubſtantiam quæ ingreditur, <lb></lb>non excipi ſemper à poris, cùm fieri poſsit, vt per poros <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> excepta extrinſecùs adhæreat partibus, <lb></lb>etenim ſanguis fluit per venas, ſed ad extrema <expan abbr="venarũ">venarum</expan> ſunt carnes; iis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fit appoſitio, nec in earum po<lb></lb>ris ſolummodò accipitur alimentum. </s> <s>Sic igitur nos <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> ſecundùm formam fieri defendimus, <lb></lb>neque tamen inficiamur, quin omnia veterum dicta in comparatione difficilia ſint ad iudicandum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4170"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4171"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4172"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4173"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4174"></margin.target>b In <gap></gap><lb></lb>lio. </s> <s><gap></gap></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4175"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4176"></margin.target>c 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4177"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4178"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4179"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4180"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Rationes Philoponi quas instruxit contra decretum Aristotelis de natura incrementi <lb></lb>diluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XL<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4181"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4181"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM quia Philoponus in quadam ſua digreſsione in Ariſtotelis ſententiam inuectus eſt; age <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad ipſum aliqua dicamus: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perpetuò morbo Alexandrini philoſophi laborarunt ab Am<lb></lb>monio, quem omnium antiquiſsimum in ea ſecta reperimus, & Antonino quodam eius diſcipulo inde <lb></lb>per ſucceſsionem ad Euſebium Cæſarienſis eccleſię pręfectum, & huius noſtri Grammatici doctorem <lb></lb><expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad Olympiodorum, quem habemus extremum, vt Atticos & eos, qui Bizantii profitebantur; par<lb></lb>uo admodum honore proſequerentur: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi Chriſtiana religio radices agebat: quamobrem, vt fas <lb></lb>erat, cùm religionis partib. fauere cuperent, & ſapientiæ ſpecimen vnà dare; nec rationem <expan abbr="perſequẽdo">perſequendo</expan>, <lb></lb>quę duceretur à ſenſib. cui plurimum tribuebant; Peripateticorum dogmatis eſſet facilè reluctare, ſi<lb></lb>quis ea reſecaſſet ad viuum; iam apertè exiſtimationem tanti viri oppugnare <expan abbr="quibuſcunq.">quibuſcunque</expan> modis oc<lb></lb>cœperant, vt adoleſcentium animi illius ſapientiæ minus addicti; ſe magis perſuadere paterentur; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ipſi liberarentur periculo conferendi rationes, ſi fortè auditores ab Ariſtotelis auctoritate ſui ſunt al<lb></lb>lecti. </s> <s>Cùm igitur audiuerimus Ariſtotelem aſſerentem auctionem fieri ſecundùm formam; inſtar Phi<lb></lb>loponus: niſi totum ſubeat & penetret; ſed ſparſim ſe ſolùm applicet, & adiungat ad corpus viuentis <lb></lb>ea ſubſtantia, qua perficitur incrementum; dubium'ne id eſt, quin partem creſcere nullo modò dicen<lb></lb>dum ſit? </s> <s>id quòd in primis ad auctionem pertinere decreuit Ariſtoteles: nam quòd non tota ſubeat; ex <lb></lb>eo potiſsimè conſtat; quia corpora inter ſe penetrare nequeant. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ſecundùm figuram partes au<lb></lb>ctas eſſe concedas, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiæ cauſſa, quemadmodum nos opinamur; ſequitur vt aliud ſit, cui facta <pb pagenum="716"></pb>eſt acceſsio, materia nimirùm, & aliud per quod totum ex omnib. partib. <expan abbr="auctũ">auctum</expan> eſſe dicere debeamus: </s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4182"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm tamen incrementum eiuſdem eſſe videatur, quòd auctum fuiſſe dicitur: nec aliud auctum repute<lb></lb>tur, & aliud id cui facta fuerit appoſitio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> adſcribit Philoponus ita viſum Ariſtoteli fuiſſe, vt acceſ<lb></lb>ſio materiæ tribueretur, amplificatio verò prorſus rei formæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> figuræ, nec <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> illi præcipuè, huic <lb></lb>verò ex coniectitione, quemadmodum nos anteà fatebamur: ſed figuræ ipſi potiſsimè: fortè vox illa <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">μορφὴ</foreign>, quæ ab Ariſtotele refertur in quartam ſpeciem qualitatis & corporis, delineamenta ſignificat, <lb></lb>illam induxit, in huiuſmodi ſuſpicionem: quaſi verò non innumeris in locis pro forma quæ eſt eſſen<lb></lb>tię principium, ab Ariſtotele fuerit vſurpata. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quacunq.">Quacunque</expan> igitur perſuaſione commotus Philoponus, iu<lb></lb>bet nos ſpectare; an ſecundùm formam ſic creſcere poſsit corpus, quemadmodum profeſſus eſt Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et primùm quo pacto corpus noſtrum contrahit amplitudinem: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa per ſe caro cedendo <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> omnes ſuæ figurę partes extenditur; aut humor qui in ſemine continetur, aut alter <expan abbr="aduẽtitius">aduentitius</expan> qui <lb></lb>in alimento comprehenditur; & ſe roris inſtar in particulas <expan abbr="quaſq.">quaſque</expan> nutriendas inſinuat. </s> <s>At non exten<lb></lb>tione carnis abſoluitur auctio: cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea quæ in corde pueri fuit; in adulto ad extremum <expan abbr="pollicẽ">pollicem</expan> pedis <lb></lb>non peruenit? </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> humores illi dum creſcunt, ſuo loco propelluntur ampliore ſpecie creſcentes, <lb></lb>qui cæteroqui facillimè diuidi poſſunt; & quanque figuram accipere; & conſtituunt, vt fertur, certas <lb></lb>corporis noſtri partes: ille quidem qui eſt in ſemine candidiores, vt oſſa, neruos, <expan abbr="mẽbranas">membranas</expan>; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſper<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4183"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maticæ vocantur à medicis; alter verò alimentarius eas quæ ſpeciem habent rubicundam, vt carnes; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>quòd pertinet ad humorem natiuum: ſuus <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> particulæ proprius inſitus eſt qui <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> illius interi<lb></lb>tu nequit inde arceri, cùm vicem ſubeat elementi; & obtineat vim complendi <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>. </s> <s>quapropter <lb></lb>eius diſſolutionem qua ex vniuerſis membris <expan abbr="nonnunquã">nonnunquam</expan> deduci ſolet, vel vrinis immodicis vel alui <lb></lb>fluxionib. vel etiam ſudorib. <foreign lang="grc">ἀναστοιχεὶωσιν</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ideſt <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> reſolutionem vocabat Galenus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4184"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id etiam præſtat alter ille humor adſcititius: vocare eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id, quo fit auctio <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> contineri: id ve<lb></lb>rò ſuccedere prohibet natura <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> quæ nullam penetrationem patitur: ex quæ efficietur, vt tali in<lb></lb>cremento totum ſic augeatur, vt interim nulla pars eius aucta dici queat: quod certè à natura totius <lb></lb>abhorret; cùm poſitum ſit in partib. & ab ingenio talis motus à partib. in totum redundat: augetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>organicæ auctis vniformib. <expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò poſſet aliquis adhæc dicere; quia quælibet figuræ pars ampli<lb></lb>ficata eſt, vt ſi circulos multos magnitudine & paruitate diſtinctos per corpus animantis deſignatos <lb></lb>animo comprehendamus, & cum per <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan>, tum etiam per altitudinem <expan abbr="quàcunq.">quàcunque</expan> protentos; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <expan abbr="vnumquenq.">vnumquenque</expan> factum fuiſſe maiorem, non ſanè quia ſecundùm quanlibet partem formæ qua res <lb></lb>ipſa definitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſentia circunſcribitur excreuerit; eſt item aliud quòd huic rationi repugnet; <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> <lb></lb>quo demonſtratur nullum eſſe incrementum ſecundum longitudinem; ſed ad latitudinem <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> perti<lb></lb>nere: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola figurata eſt: non autem longitudo: quandoquidem figura per latitudinem, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4185"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per longitudinem definitur. </s> <s>Hæc ex Philopono, quorùm ſumma hæc eſt: primùm, quae penetratio corpo<lb></lb>rum neceſſaria ſit ad hoc, vt auctio fiat ſecundùm quodlibet punctum; ea verò non datur: deinde, quòd <lb></lb>accedat materia materiæ; ſed auctio fiat non id eius cauſſa cui fit acceſsio, verùm propter formam; quae <lb></lb>abſurdum eſſe videtur; cùm id augeri dicendum ſit cui facta fuerit acceſsio; additur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aqua aquæ, & <lb></lb>aqua ſit maior: tertio quae figura per ſe creſcat; cùm tamen formę per ſe fuerit attributum incrementum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm ſi ita opinetur Philoponus, penetrationem non eſſe concedendam, quia partes, quæ adijciun<lb></lb>tur, eandem occupent dimenſionem; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> requirant amplius ſpatium, quàm antè obtineret illa, cui fa<lb></lb>cta fuit acceſsio; verè quidem enuntiaret; ſed neceſſarium non eſſet ad <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>: verùm ſi penetra<lb></lb>tionem ſic acciperet, quae <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> pars aditum <expan abbr="quãdoq.">quandoque</expan> præberet alimento, & quòd alimentum <expan abbr="rarefactũ">rarefactum</expan>, <lb></lb>diuideretur, & in adeò minimas partes diſſectum cum partib. miſceretur; id quidem fieri poſſet; & for<lb></lb>tè deciperetur Philoponus, ſi negaret. </s> <s>De eo verò, quae aliud ſit, cui fiat acceſsio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod auctum fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe dicitur, & partim falsò fuit aſſumptum; & partim non inconueniens, vt ipſe arbitratur: <expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & ma<lb></lb>teriæ fit acceſsio, & formæ ſimul, & compoſitum eſt, cui fit additio, & quòd item <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt maius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>item abſurdum eſt acceſsionem fieri materię, & <expan abbr="auctionẽ">auctionem</expan> tribui formæ: quod enim accipit eſt mate<lb></lb>ria, nec tamen accipitur à materia denominatio, verùm à forma, fine, & actu. </s> <s>Res exemplis euidentiſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4186"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimis illuſtrari poteſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> additur ſago & centoni ſi anguſtiores ſint, pannus, <expan abbr="idemq.">idemque</expan> additur alii pan<lb></lb>no, ex quo ſagus centoùe conſtabant: & maior factus eſt pannus, & maior ſagus: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen iuſſerit do<lb></lb>minus augeri pannum, ſed ſagum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam, ſi panno <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo facta fuerit adiectio; maior è ve<lb></lb>ſtigio factus fuerit ſagus, ſed fortè pannus auctus, ſagus eodem modo, quo prius erat, erit anguſtus: ſpe<lb></lb>cta pannum rurſus in inſtrumento textorio, addè ſubtegmen & ſtamen, auctus erit pannus: ſignum, quae <lb></lb>habetur ratio formæ & actus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde ſumitur denominatio: ſtat hic pannus, & vis augeri pannum, in <lb></lb>ſago non vis augeri <expan abbr="pannũ">pannum</expan>, ſed amplificari ſagum & in natura non <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> acceſsio quæritur, ſed illa <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>qua forma & natura conſiſtat, vt ſi fiat acceſsio digito, non reliquo corpori, maius quidem factum ſit <lb></lb>totum, ſed non idcirco adminiſtratum fuerit <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>? </s> <s>quia non eſt habita ratio formæ, & in inſtru<lb></lb>mento textorio pannus habet rationem actus; in ſago ſubit vim poteſtatis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in ſago non attribuitur <lb></lb>auctio panno, ſed ſago. </s> <s>& planè motus omnis materia nititur; nec tamen dicitur moueri materia, ſed <lb></lb>ſubiectum, & albefieri dicitur, non propter materiam; ſed ex fine, quę eſt albedo: ſic acceſsio eſt veluti <lb></lb>motus in materia, auctio eſt compoſiti, & eſt ad quantum, quod reſpicit formam: & cùm ſit motus ſe<lb></lb>cundùm prædicamentum accidentis; etiam complectitur formam ſubſtantiæ: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>accidens a <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan> ſeparatur: & in incremento qui motus eſt in viuente, cum mutatione formę in eo quòd accedit; & <lb></lb>eius conſeruatione cui fit acceſsio: ab hac ergo quæ conſeruatur, <expan abbr="accipiẽda">accipienda</expan> denominatio; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc eſt <pb pagenum="717"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4187"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finis; & per illam rectè augeri dicitur viuens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> conſuetum eſt in alijs <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motib. affectionem ineſ<lb></lb>ſe in materia; ſed à forma peti denominationem. </s> <s>De tertiò verò; mihi perſuaderit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poteſt figuram id <lb></lb>eſſe quòd potiſsimè creſcat; ſed ex conſequenti & fortuitò. </s> <s>Primùm, quia ſi formę tribuitur auctio; <lb></lb>quòd permanet; figura autem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> permanet <expan abbr="planumq́">planumque</expan>. </s> <s>figuræ tribui nequit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> infantes figura pomi<lb></lb>liones imitantur; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ætatis proceſſu in <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altitudinem viuentia porriguntur: pulli pars po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4188"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſterior anteriore ſublimior eſt; prouectiorib. anterior <expan abbr="inpleriſq.">inpleriſque</expan> fit altior & procerior: capi longiores <lb></lb>euadunt. </s> <s>Deinde forma ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſumitur, vt alterum principium, quod materiæ præcedat; & partes <lb></lb>vniformes complectitur <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> præcipuè ſit acceſsio, & quarum ratio conſeruatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſemper eſt ca<lb></lb>ro; figura non ſemper: & figura eſt accidens ſimpliciter; licèt ad organica ſit vt forma. </s> <s>habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſam <lb></lb>in viuente, & pendet ex actu alterius ſubſtantiæ, nempè animæ ſicut item organa ipſa: nam <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> pro<lb></lb>ximè figura informentur, at non id præſtat abſolutè figura; ſed per animam, ſicut a nob. </s> <s>dictum eſt de <lb></lb>partib. vniformib. etenim temperamento determinantur, attamen animæ præſentia, ſeu virtus <expan abbr="flagitatt̃">flagitattur</expan>: <lb></lb>auctio planè ex acceſsione pendet quæ fit ad vniformes, & proptereaque earum ratio præcipua quę exo<lb></lb>ritur ab anima & propria quæ in quadam certa temperie poſita eſt, perpetuò conſeruatur, primò perti<lb></lb>net ad vniformes, deinde ad difformes quarum ratio propria conſiſtit in figura. </s> <s>Quapropter mihi ve<lb></lb>riſimile non fit, vt illi primę tribuantur in auctione, ad quod pertinet ipſa per aliud: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> foret ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4189"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primò, & non primò, quæ penitus ſecum repugnant. </s> <s>Et quanq̈ Philoſophus ad id perſuadendum <expan abbr="exẽ-plo">exen<lb></lb>plo</expan> vtris vſus eſt quo <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> permanere doceat: tamen accipienda eſt ex ea parte ſimilitudo, qua con<lb></lb>uenit: conuenit autem in eo, quae forma ſupereſt in ijs quæ verè augentur, velut in vtre; & dicendum Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem eo in loco rem quæ cadit in mentem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> obſcuram per ſenſilem, & perſpicuam explanare vo<lb></lb>luiſſe. </s> <s>Non negamus item partes omnes figuræ creſcere & decreſcere; ſed hoc conſequi dicimus au<lb></lb>ctionem corporis ſecundùm vniformes. </s> <s>Idcirco ſatis patet quid <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> ſit ad argumenta Philoponi. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> primùm accipit fieri <expan abbr="penetrationẽ">penetrationem</expan> in incremento quę <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt neceſſaria, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id <expan abbr="redũdat">redundat</expan> in auctio<lb></lb>nem quòd ipſe inferebat Secundùm etiam accipit vt <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> id quòd eſt ex ijs quæ fieri poſſunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>id quod concludit ex ipſo nihil habet abſurdi. </s> <s>Ad tertium de figura, negamus eam primò reſpicere in<lb></lb>crementum, ſed per accidens, & ſecundo loco. </s> <s>In quarto primùm ſumebatur pulſionem eſſe <expan abbr="ineptã">ineptam</expan>, quae <lb></lb>caro quæ eſt in vna parte, ad aliam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tenderet: hoc & neceſſarium, & perſpicuum, vt nos exemplis <lb></lb>oſtendimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ille proceſſus in natura ordinatus eſt, ſiquidem habet ſuos terminos qui ſunt ſe<lb></lb>cundùm proceſſum <expan abbr="vaſorũ">vaſorum</expan> ad certas corporis partes ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> certè <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> membra conflantur, veluti <lb></lb>proceſſus materiæ vnguis ad vnguem, & pili ad pilum; & ſpongioſæ illius & laxæ ſubſtantię, non ad ta<lb></lb>los, ſed ad nares & linguam. </s> <s>& partes <expan abbr="ſequũtur">ſequuntur</expan> eum curſum ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> incitat illas calor innatus, ſiue ani<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4190"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma per calorem innatum, pro ratione <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> naturæ: tametſi in plurib. hoc præſtet natura per <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> <lb></lb>vtile alimentum, & per venas, apponens eam materiam quæ ſit in potentia proxima ſubſtantia conſi<lb></lb>milis: attamen hic proceſſus, vt dixi, non repugnat etiam partib. quæ ſunt in actu. </s> <s>Sumebatur item in il<lb></lb>lo <expan abbr="argumẽto">argumento</expan> auctionem poſtulare penetrationem corporum, quemadmodum in primò, proptereà ſic <lb></lb>dicetur ad ipſum, vt ad primum. </s> <s>licèt ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> dici perbellè poterat hæc non requiri, ſi auctio fieret <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> formam, vt voluit Ariſt. </s> <s>etenim <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> pars fit maior citra id, quae ad ipſam aliquid accedat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vltimum planè nugatorium: quamuis nihil pertineat ad nos, ſed vt pondus obiectionis expendas. </s> <s>Fi<lb></lb>gura latitudine finitur: ergo auctio non efficiet longitudinem: quaſi verò figura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> complectatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſolida tanquam ſpecies & partes; & non definiatur per latitudinem, veluti per id in quo prius exiſtat: <lb></lb>nata ſi fuerit ſolidum, latitudinem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> continebit; at ſi latitudinem habeat, non erit idcirco <expan abbr="ſolidũ">ſolidum</expan>: <lb></lb>& quaſi vbi latitudo ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non habeatur virtute longitudo. </s> <s>Sed hoc de Philopono ſatis. </s> <s>Ex his <lb></lb>quæ hactenus diſputata ſunt, colligere licebit <expan abbr="incremẽti">incrementi</expan> definitionem quæ complectatur omnia genera <lb></lb>cauſſarum. </s> <s>hæc vero talis eſt. </s> <s>Mutatio in amplitudinem <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ordinis, viuentis <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> caduci <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>formam, & terminos quantitatis, ab anima, per calorem, nutrimento quòd actu quantum eſt, vt perfe<lb></lb>cta quantitas comparetur. </s> <s>In hac definitione licet contemplari formam, ſiqua via tale genus cauſſæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4191"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tribui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> accidenti, ſed ſit ratio quæ per genus exponitur, vel ſimile generi; eſt autem mutatio ſecun<lb></lb>dùm terminos quantitatis: prętereà ſubiectum, vel predicamentum, vel ſubſtantia in actu, <expan abbr="nẽpè">nempè</expan> <expan abbr="viuẽs">viuens</expan>, <lb></lb>& ſubiectum primum excipiens, quod eſt forma adeſt efficiens primùm, quòd eſt anima, & <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>ſiue inſtrumentum & hoc duplex, vel quod eum efficiente numeratur, & eſt calor, vel cum materia, & <lb></lb>eſt id, quo fit auctio vel ſi placet efficiens proximum: illa principaliora necnon finis qui ſunt termini <lb></lb>perfecti magnitudinis naturalis. </s> <s>Ex oppoſitis conditionib. decrementi definitio conflari poterit, præ<lb></lb>terquàm quòd finis adijciendus non erit: nam decrementum imitatur interitum: quandò ſolùm ex <lb></lb>neceſsitate materiæ naſcitur: etenim permánat ad viuens ex eſſentia cauſſarum naturalium.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4182"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4183"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4184"></margin.target>a c. </s> <s>de ſym<lb></lb><gap></gap></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4185"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4186"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4187"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4188"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb><gap></gap>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4189"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4190"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4191"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In quam'nam ſpeciem motus rarefactio referenda ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AVCTIONEM anteà docuimus eſſe nomen ad vnum <expan abbr="primoſq́">primoſque</expan>. </s> <s>ad caduca è viuentib. attinere, <lb></lb>tum deinceps ad inanima quemadmodum ea ſunt quæ <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> accipientia formam <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>minorem'ue molem conſequuntur, & ideò pertinet ad alimentum quod mutat formam, ſi debet actu <lb></lb>nutrire & ordine quodam ad animata ipſa quia conſtant, ex inanimis. </s> <s>Hactenus illius incrementi na<lb></lb>turam quod ineſt in viuentib. expoſuimus: de altera nunc reſtat, vt aliqua diſſeramus, quàm cum ma<lb></lb>ior moles nulla forinſecus accedente materia comparetur; rarefactionem nomine proprio nuncupari <pb pagenum="718"></pb>nouimus: tum quòd eſt mutatio quantitatis, tum quia non minus eſt via qua formę terminos natura<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4192"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lis magnitudinis conſequuntur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in vitientib. incrementum. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non erit alienum ab inſtituo noſtro <lb></lb>queuntur: a magnitudinis hoc loco perſequimur; ſi non nihil de hac posteriore ſpecie conſcribamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>De ipſa verò tam variæ doctiſsimorum hominum, <expan abbr="tanq̈">tanquam</expan> diſcrepantes existunt ſententiæ vt magno ar<lb></lb>gumento eſſe debeat, rem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> facilem explicatu fore, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſatis certam. </s> <s>Sed hoc (niſi fallor) ad <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <lb></lb>quæſtionem aperiendam methodus aptiſsima fuerit, ſi in primis exploremus, in quod' nam <expan abbr="prędicamẽ-tum">prędicamen<lb></lb>tum</expan> mutationes huiuſce termini referantur: ſiquidem motus omnis determinari,. & denominari con<lb></lb>ſueuit à termino ad quem; & eiuſdem generis eſſe motus, ac ſpecies ad quam eſt; vt id ſolum diſcrimi<lb></lb>nis intercedere videatur inter motum, ac formam, ſiue ſpeciem; quia ſpecies notet quiddam <expan abbr="permanẽs">permanens</expan> <lb></lb>quod motus cum quodam fluxu ſignificet. </s> <s>Verùm in quo'nam prędicamento raritas reponatur quę <lb></lb>terminus eſt rarefactionis, & illi oppoſita denſitas ad quam motus eſt rarefactioni contrarius, ipſa ni<lb></lb>mirùm denſatio, hoc ſtatuere graue admodum ſemper exiſtimaui. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan> & denſum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4193"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in eorum numero collocauit quæ ſe reſpiciunt, quia certam paruum poſituram notent: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>aduer<lb></lb>ſus ea quæ in prędicamentis decreta fuerunt, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> qualitati adſcribit: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nam rarum & denſum cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4194"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calido <expan abbr="frigidoq.">frigidoque</expan> confert. </s> <s>& in eiſdem ſpectat plus & minus, quæ primò qualitati conuenire cenſentur, <lb></lb>& reliquis, vt qualitatem quandam participant. </s> <s>Atqui ponamus eas eſſe qualitates; non minus opero<lb></lb>ſum eſt id ſancire, è quo'nam genere qualitatis habenda ſint: etenim facile quiſpiam ſuſpicetur, eas eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4195"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potentias, vel impotentias patibiles, cùm id quod <expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan> eſt, procliuius cedat <expan abbr="cõprimenti">comprimenti</expan>; denſum verò <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine labore. </s> <s>Putabit alius, has eſſe qualitates patibiles de tertio genere, vel eius prima ſpecies <expan abbr="exiſtãt">exiſtant</expan>; <lb></lb>nam de his iudicium ſenſus ferre ſolet; vel ſecunda; quae ex antecedente perpeſsione naſcantur: etenim ter<lb></lb>ræ denſitas tactui ſeſe prodit, & caliginis adſpectui. </s> <s>cùm verò ſenſas oppoſitorum ſit vnus, vnius qui<lb></lb>dem, vt habitus, alterius verò vt priuationis; eiſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſenſib. raritatem ſubijci oportebit. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>nos hîc prius inſiſtendum putamus, & notandum longè aliud eſſe <expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan> & <expan abbr="dẽſum">denſum</expan> de quo nunc agimus, <lb></lb>ab eo, quod iudicat volgus. </s> <s>& quod forsan accepit Ariſt. </s> <s>cap. </s> <s>de iis quę ad aliquid. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſpongiam <expan abbr="rarã">raram</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="nũcupare">nuncupare</expan> conſueuimus, quae eius partes alieno corpore, & illo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cæco, vt puta, aëre plurimo ſint in<lb></lb>terceptæ: denſam verò ebenum, quòd nulli ſint in ea meatus conſpicui: ſed hoc modo ſumpta rarum <lb></lb>& denſum nihil habent dubitationis: nam iure optimo referuntur in ea quæ inter ſe reſpiciunt; quan<lb></lb>dò è certa partium poſitura conſtant. </s> <s>hæc à vicinia <expan abbr="diſtantiaq́">diſtantiaque</expan>. </s> <s>partium nominantur, quæ <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſen<lb></lb>ſui perſpicua ſunt, cùm in ſenſilia communia cooptentur. </s> <s>Quoniam igitur hæc cunctis euidentia ſunt <lb></lb>dimittantur, & ad aliud eorum genus tranſeamus, quorum beneficio modò diffunditur aër, & occupat <lb></lb>ſpatium maius; aliàs anguſtatus loco minore continetur: & quæramus ſint'ne poteſtates <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> natura<lb></lb>les, an ex ordine patibilium qualitatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt ex me rem paucis habeas, & ſummatim, non arbitror <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4196"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſas in ſecunda ſpecie qualitatis eſſe numerandas; cùm eas prętermittat Ariſt. </s> <s>in Meteorologicis <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4197"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſingulas ſpecies poteſtatum patibilium (eſſent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> huiuſmodi rarum & denſum) diffiniendo perſequi<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Prætereà quod cedit comprimenti (eſt verò ceſsio corporis acceptio <expan abbr="cõſeruata">conſeruata</expan> continuatione) ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ceteriſq.">ceteriſque</expan> bonis philoſophis non attribuitur mixtis, nec rarum, ſed molle dicitur quod contra re<lb></lb>mititur, non denſum, ſed durum; & in ſimplicib. <foreign lang="grc">στερεὸν</foreign>, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">ἀντιτυπὲς</foreign>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> oppoſitum nomine <lb></lb>vacat, quia tamen habet vim priuationis ad ſenſum; horum negatione exprimatur eadem fortè condi<lb></lb>tio eius, quae facilè diuidi, cogi, & amplificari valeat: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eadem <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> attributi cauſſa princeps, nempè <lb></lb>inopia copiáue materiæ, ſed differentia, <expan abbr="notioq.">notioque</expan> formalis non eadem: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc in rari definitione con<lb></lb>tinentur, tametſi ipſam hæc omnia <expan abbr="cõſequũtur">conſequuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> aër, quia rarus ſit, habeat <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> tranſmit<lb></lb>tendi lumen, terra verò, quia denſa, repercutiat, non autem admittat. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> raritatis eſt in aëre pro<lb></lb>prium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> denſitatis in terra: ſed illius rei cauſſa in aëre pelluciditas eſt, huius verò in terra opacitas. <lb></lb></s> <s>& planè eas in ordine tactilium qualitatum non collocarem: cum Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſeptem tactilium differen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4198"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiarum oppoſitiones recenſuerit; de raritate verò & denſitate verbum fecerit nullum: quare ſi tactui <lb></lb>quoquo pacto <expan abbr="ſubiiciũtur">ſubiiciuntur</expan>, id illis euenire dicemus cauſſa mollitiei vel <foreign lang="grc">ἀντιτυπίας</foreign>. </s> <s>Aliud ergo genus <lb></lb>huiuſcemodi accidentium nob. </s> <s>excogitandum eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit qualitas. </s> <s>Græci <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> profectò ita exiſtimarunt den<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4199"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4200"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſum & rarum in hoc item ſignificato ex eorum eſſe genere quæ ad ſeſe viciſsim referuntur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex <lb></lb>ijs conflunt & per illa definiuntur quæ ſunt ad aliud: quorum verò tales ſunt definitiones, ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ad aliud ſint neceſſe eſt: dicitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rarum, quòd cùm ſit in pauca materia, <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> habet <expan abbr="tumorẽ">tumorem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ὂγκον</foreign>, <lb></lb>dicere volo: contra denſum, quod cum multum materiæ contineat, in paruam amplitudinem extendi<lb></lb>tur: atqui magnum & paruum, multum & paucum ſunt ad aliud. </s> <s>Sed hæc etſi magna ex parte nos in <lb></lb>rari <expan abbr="denſiq́">denſique</expan>. </s> <s>notitiam perducunt, nihilominus ipſam rei medullam <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> non attingunt: idcirco <lb></lb>ſtudio <expan abbr="laboreq́">laboreque</expan>. </s> <s>noſtro illa omnia ſupplenda, quæ deficere videbuntur. </s> <s>Nos autem ſuprà, cùm de di<lb></lb>menſione diceremus, docuimus in ipſa quantitate duo ſpectari: alterum, quod rationem poteſtatis ob<lb></lb>tineret, quòd interuallum, ſeu diſtantiam vocauimus: ſeu <expan abbr="quãtitatem">quantitatem</expan> interminatam, cuius cauſſa mate<lb></lb>ria poteſt eſſe quantum & magnitudinem ipſam quæ, cùm habeat terminos, iam eſt actu quantum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm quòd ſubſtantiæ nonmodò certos quoſdam terminos, ſed certam materię portionem ſibi ven<lb></lb>dicant, & præfiniunt: ex illa ſanè infinitate & potentia quę eſt in dimenſione ad magnitudinem, & <lb></lb>actu qui in eius terminis eſt poſitus, euenit, vt certa materię portio nunc terminos anguſtiores ſubeat, <lb></lb>vnde naſcitur denſitas & aliàs ampliores, vnde efficitur raritas; quæ item plus & minus accipiunt pro <lb></lb>materię portione, & pro ratione <expan abbr="protẽtionis">protentionis</expan> <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> & amplitudinis, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> Græci nuncupant <foreign lang="grc">ὅγκον</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter in rato & <expan abbr="dẽſo">denſo</expan> duo <expan abbr="ſpectãtur">ſpectantur</expan>: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quae pertinet ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> partem quæ <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> materię ſuſtinet; ea <pb pagenum="719"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4201"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò duob. </s> <s>conſiſtit materię dimenſione & <foreign lang="grc">διὰστάσει</foreign> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ὄγκῳ</foreign> & amplitudine: alterum verò quòd eſt <lb></lb>formę hoc autem eſt proportio quæ inter magnitudinis terminos, & amplitudinem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtantiam <lb></lb>ſiue dimenſionem intercedit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non temere numerabuntur in ijs quę ſunt ad aliud, cùm ex iis con<lb></lb>ſtituantur quę inter ſeſe reſpiciant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4192"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4193"></margin.target>a de qua <lb></lb><gap></gap></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4194"></margin.target>4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c 4</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4195"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4196"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4197"></margin.target>c 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4198"></margin.target>d 2. de or.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4199"></margin.target>e Sympl. 4. <lb></lb>Phyſ. t. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4200"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4201"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Rarefactionis definitio perpenditur, & purgatur ab obiectis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="ITaq.">ITaque</expan> concludimus morum rarefactionis eſſe ſecundùm formam ex eorum genere quæ reſpiciunt <lb></lb>aliud; ſed fundamentum relationis à quantitate deſumi: proptereà <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt motus in magnitudine ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, ſed quatenus magnitudo maiorem minorem'ue materiæ portionem intuetur. </s> <s>Hanc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ſententiam maximè conſentire puto cum <expan abbr="Græcorũ">Græcorum</expan> placitis Themiſtii, Philoponi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Simplicii. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>quod hos motus in magnitudine ſimpliciter eſſe credamus, nulla nos cauſſa commouet: in primis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>præter illa quæ earum vocum anticipatio, <expan abbr="notioq.">notioque</expan> ſolet afferre, me <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perſuadet, quòd in cęteris mo<lb></lb>tib. ſubiectum ſemper actu flagitatur, quod eſt ipſa ſubſtantia; & mutatio eſt inter formas eius prædi<lb></lb>camenti quod aliàs diximus eſſe ſubiectum, ſecundùm quod, vt puta, quantum, vel queat, at in rarefa<lb></lb>ctione & denſatione, vel ex Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſius expreſſa ſententia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> mutatio pertinet ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4202"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4203"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt hæc ſit quodam pacto generatio: vt illud ex hac auctoritate colligi poſsit; aut eos non eſſe motus ſe<lb></lb>cundùm quantum; aut ſaltem ex conſequenti, & per accidens: ſiquidem videatur ea Philoſophi con<lb></lb>ſuetudo fuiſſe perpetua motum non adiungi ad illud prędicamentum, inter cuius terminos variatio <lb></lb>fiat, niſi fuerit ea mutatio per ſe, hoc eſt, vt non conſequatur alios motus; ita quanuis termini ipſius <lb></lb>vbi varientur in incremento; quia tamen per ſe non variantur (locus enim permanet idem) non exiſti<lb></lb>mauit Ariſtoteles eam mutationem eſſe dignam, quæ latio vocaretur; ſic etiam ſi cùm ex aqua fit aër, <lb></lb>fiat item mutatio ſecundùm primas qualitates; non idcirco habetur illa alteratio, ſed tota generatio <lb></lb>nuncupatur, quòd hæc mutatio generationi ſit adnixa; quòd ſi ſubſtantia permanente accidentia cir<lb></lb>cum illam mutarentur; foret ea vel latio, vel alteratio, vel incrementum. </s> <s>ſic etiam, quanuis alimenti <lb></lb>natura, & eius quo ſit incrementum, in hoc motu varietur, at non ei quod variatur, attribuitur, vel <lb></lb>generatio, vel incrementum, ſed illi quod permanet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nutritio generatio vocatur, quia non fit <lb></lb>ſubſtantia ſimpliciter, ſed in alia quę iam eſt actu. </s> <s>Proptereà cùm rarefactio motum in ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõ-ſequatur">con<lb></lb>ſequatur</expan>, <expan abbr="eaſq.">eaſque</expan> mutationes quæ ſunt affectiones præuiæ ad ſubſtantiam, in ordinem ſubſtantiæ, non <lb></lb>quantitatis relata fuerit ab Ariſtotele, auctio propriè motus habeatur ſecundùm quantum, quòd in ea <lb></lb>ſola contingit ſeruari ſubſtantiam, & citra ſubſtantię mutationem fieri mutatione per ſe ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4204"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantum; & ſi verò generatio intercedit, vt quantum fieri poſsit; at generatio non ita ſe habet hîc, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alibi: eſt enim vt via & inſtrumentum ad auctionem; cùm alibi ſit vt cauſſa princeps. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> termi<lb></lb>ni quantitatis ſunt principium & finis illius mutationis per ſe, nec eſt illa generatio propriè, ſed incre<lb></lb>mentum. </s> <s>Vnus motus elementi, dum fit, excipitur de quo ſeorſum verba fecerit Ariſtoteles, & vo<lb></lb>luerit eſſe per ſe, ſed nec per ſe quidem, quia ſit motus abſolutus ab ortu, ſed quia non exiſtat ex aliqua <lb></lb>cauſſa externa, & per accidens, ob id etiam quia motus ſimpliciter habet eſſe extra generationem, & <lb></lb>genito & ingenito communiter ineſt; & quia propter euidentiam maxima pars eſt methodi naturalis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd ſi motus fine determinatur, nec modò variatio terminorum quantitatis, ſed eo<lb></lb>rum habitudo ad dimenſionem materiæ rarefactionem <expan abbr="denſationemq.">denſationemque</expan> conſtituunt, hi motus non ma<lb></lb>gnitudini ſanè adſcribentur, ſed iis quę dicuntur ad aliud. </s> <s>Atqui, quòd <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item iis quæ ſunt ad aliud <lb></lb>vllus motus per ſe conuenit, ſed planè conſequitur eorum mutatio cęteros; motus rarefactio verò & <lb></lb>denſatio mutationem ſubſtantiæ primò, & alterationem, quatenus eſt affectio pręuia: ideò factum eſt <lb></lb>vt rarefactionis per ſe ratio nulla haberetur à Philoſopho, ſed ad alios motus adiungeretur. </s> <s>Nam quae <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> rarefactionem, & denſationem in lationis ordinem retulerit, gratificari voluit veterib. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4205"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>philoſophis qui hæc ſecretionem & concretionem eſſe opinabantur. </s> <s>Itaque ſi omnem conſtitutio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4206"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem eiuſcemodi mutationum ritè retexere velimus; earum tria principia reperientur, magnitudo, <lb></lb>cuius terminos variati ponimus; habitudo ad dimenſiones, qua terminatur variatio magnitudinis <lb></lb>quæ propriæ mutatio dicenda eſt, non motus & alteratio, ſiue generatio ſubſtantiæ cui rarefactio <lb></lb>tanquam fundamento inhæret, vt lationi mutatio columnæ è dextro in ſiniſtrum. </s> <s>Neque nobis <lb></lb>officiat id quod teſtatus eſt admirandus ille pręceptor, ita ſe habere materiam ad rarum & denſum <lb></lb>ſicut ad calidum, & frigidum; & quemadmodum fit calidius aliquid nullo forinſecus accedente, <lb></lb>ſed eo ſolo quod poteſt eſſe in materia, deducto in actum: ſic rarius <expan abbr="denſiuſq́">denſiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>fieri nulla eorum par<lb></lb>te quæ cum materia ſit accedente, vel recedente, ſed ea ſolùm in actum de poteſtate tralata contrà, <lb></lb>quam fieri ſoleat in incremento & decremento, vt inde rarum & denſum qualitates eſſe opinemur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et profectò cùm ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid, proximam poteſtatem in ſubiecto non fuerint aſſecuta, ſed <lb></lb>quatenus alienis motibus, & poteſtatib. aliorum prædicamentorum affixa ſunt: ſi hæc in materia pro<lb></lb>ximam nacta fuerit poteſtatem, veluti verba Ariſtotelis ſonare videntur, qualitates non ad aliquid eſ<lb></lb>ſe videbuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item quod opponunt has formas accipere plus & minus, quod eſt proprium <lb></lb>qualitatis. </s> <s>Aut illud etiam, quòd in his varietur locus, qui magnitudini debetur, vt credamus has mu<lb></lb>tationes eſſe ſecundùm quantum. </s> <s>Nam quod pertinet ad illam poteſtatem quam ad rarum & den<lb></lb>ſum Philoſophus in materia collocauit: fatemur generalem eſſe planè poteſtatem in materia ad vni<lb></lb>uerſa prędicamenta, ſed eam duplicem vel proximam & pręcipuam, vel ex conſecutione & ſequela, <pb pagenum="720"></pb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hunc <expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> potentiæ modum in eorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> prædicamento repetiti quæ inter ſe reſpiciunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4207"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ tamen diſtinctio poteſtatum ab Ariſtotele ibi animaduerſa non eſt; ſed comprehenſa generatim, <lb></lb>& ſub dia item poteſtas quæ eſt ad eam habitudinem, quæ eſt terminorum qualitatis ad materiæ di<lb></lb>ſtantiam quos ipſe amplificari docuerit nullo extrinſecus accedente, ſed vnius meritò poteſtatis, ſicu<lb></lb>ti ſit calidus, non calido quodam ſuperueniente; ſed eo quod eſt in materia poteſtate, actu facto ab eo <lb></lb>quod eſt actu, & facit eſſe in actu nulla materia ſecedente ab ipſo ſed exhibita forma ſine materia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4208"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne ex ſola materię diſtantia quæ poteſtatem habet ad ampliores terminos, ſit in raro maius: vnde hęc <lb></lb>mutatio ſeparatur ab auctione, in qua ſit maius aliquo extrinſecus accedente quod ſit actu quantum: <lb></lb>vt cùm ignis & propter materiæ multitudinem lignis ſuperiniectis amplificari valeat, & propter gra<lb></lb>dum flamma concepta, nullo forinſecùs accedente ſit auctio, veluti, cùm ligna ſuperponuntur, rarefa<lb></lb>ctio, veluti cùm flamma corripit ligna quænam incaluerint. </s> <s>Proinde ſub poteſtate generali materiæ <lb></lb>comprehenditur, & ea vera quæ eſt dimenſione ad magnitudinem per ſe cum acceſsione materię, & al<lb></lb>tera quæ non eſt ſimpliciter ad magnitudinem, ſed quatenus eſt ex aliis motib. & cum certa habitudi<lb></lb>ne, quæ non flagitat aliam materiam comitem. </s> <s>Nec ob id conuincitur rarum & denſum eſſe qualita<lb></lb>tes, quòd nulla proxima neque principalis inſit poteſtas ad ea quæ ſunt ad aliquid: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi ad rarum <lb></lb>& dentum proxima quædam poteſtas ineſt in materia; ſit eorum ratio aliunde petenda; quoniam, <lb></lb>quatenus huiuſmodi nullam habent in materia talem poteſtatem, ſed remotam atque pendentem; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4209"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut ſi quam proximam poteſtatem de nobis extorqueas in materia propter diſtantiam ad terminos & <lb></lb>magnitudinem; at in his rarum & denſum nondum conſiſtunt: vbi primùm eorum habitudo ad <lb></lb>dimenſiones ſpectetur; tum primùm denſitas <expan abbr="raritaſq́ue">raritaſque</expan> ſuboriuntur: quare non obtinuerunt hæc <lb></lb>proximam poteſtatem in materia. </s> <s>Neque item proximè pertinet ad eadem plus & minus; vnde <lb></lb>qualitates eas eſſe credamus: ſed plus & minus extentionem conſequuntur, non aliter atque la<lb></lb>tius & anguſtius; habent enim plus & minus aliquid ſimile his differentiis quantitatis: his po<lb></lb>ſtremò ſuccedit auctio & diminutio proportionis, quæ inter quantitatis terminos & materiæ dimen<lb></lb>ſiones intercedit, in quibus denſum & rarum protinus exiſtunt; vt per extentum ſanem mihi faci<lb></lb>lius ire poſſe videaris, quòd rarum & denſum qualitates eſſe comunicas. </s> <s>Et quod vltimum de lo<lb></lb>co opponunt; nihil ſanè refert: nam committitur in obiectione fallacia ſecundùm accidens: etenim <lb></lb>quod magnitudini <expan abbr="terminiſq.">terminiſque</expan> ipſius per ſe conuenit; transfertur ad illam proportionem quam inter <lb></lb>quantitatis terminos, & dimenſionem materiæ conſtituimus, cui certè locus nullus per ſe debetur: <lb></lb>quamobrem dum rari <expan abbr="denſiq́ue">denſique</expan> termini iidem ſint, idem locus à raro <expan abbr="denſoq́ue">denſoque</expan> ſemper occupabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ex quo non licet concludere; quamuis locus ex raritate & denſitate varietur, quòd raritas & denſi<lb></lb>tas idcirco ſint termini magnitudinis, & quædam ſpecies quanti. </s> <s>Hæc igitur fuit cauſſa potiſsima, cur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4210"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>has mutatioſies ſolùm per tranſennam indicare nobis voluerit Ariſtoteles, pluribus explicarit, vt cęte<lb></lb>ros motus. </s> <s>Hactenus de rari <expan abbr="denſiq́ue">denſique</expan> conſtitutione actum eſt: quantum verò ad efficientium cauſ<lb></lb>ſarum notitiam pertinet, tot dixiſſe ſufficiat. </s> <s>Horum omnium cauſſa communis eſt generans, cuius <lb></lb>conſilium eſt tranſmutate ſubſtantiam, ſed eſt alteratio, niſi mutatio ſubſtantiæ perficiatur; ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam verò generatio, vt cùm ex aqua fit aër, quod miniſtratur auxilio caloris cuius officium eſt <lb></lb>extendere, & quodammodo inflare, aut vbi ex aduerſo fit aqua ex aëre, id quod præſtat frigus com<lb></lb>primens, & cogens ad centrum: quapropter natura ſolertiſsima ſedes anguſtiſsimas corporib. denſis, <lb></lb>nempè <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> mundi apparauit; raris autem <expan abbr="ampliſsimã">ampliſsimam</expan>, circunferentiam nimirùm conceſsit. </s> <s>Eſt item <lb></lb>cauſſa ſecunda raritatis & denſitatis <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ tamen omnia corpora caduca generatim non attingit, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4211"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>humida tantùm, ſine ea per ſe talia ſint, ſiue humoris permixti beneficio, quale nos antea <expan abbr="nutrimen-tũ">nutrimen<lb></lb>tum</expan> eſſe docuimus, impulſio ſcilicet & attractio, de quibus item meminit Ariſt. </s> <s>& impulſio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſit à <lb></lb>motu ventorum, tum etiam ab aliquo aërem extrinſecùs agitante, ex quo ſic cogitur, vt maximè du<lb></lb>reſcat, velut in folle; & inflammatur etiam, vt in motu ſagittæ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ex eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vi ventorum coacto do<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4212"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cebat Theophraſtus æſtate pluuias in Aethiopię vallib. exoriri, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & huius rei certior cauſſa nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>affertur in Meteorologicis: ſed tamen, vt videas etiam tantum philoſophum pulſionem cauſſa denſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4213"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatis eſſe cenſuiſſe; contra verò cauſſa raritatis attractio quæ fit ope vacui: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt corporum conti<lb></lb>nuitas ſeruari poſsit, dilatantur, & præter conſuetam <expan abbr="ſibiq́">ſibique</expan>. </s> <s>naturalem amplitudinem deducuntur ad <lb></lb>maiorem. </s> <s>Sed hæc hactenus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4202"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4203"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4204"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4205"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 77.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4206"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4207"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4208"></margin.target>a 1. de ge. <lb></lb></s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4209"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4210"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4211"></margin.target>b C. de <lb></lb>gen. </s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4212"></margin.target>c 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4213"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum rarefactione poſita vacuum non introducatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM verò dubitaret Ariſtoteles, ex quo'nam conficeretur incrementum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> n. </s> <s>è corporeo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>incorporeo fieri poſſe: nec ex illo ſanè; quòd ſequetur penetratio corporum; nec ex altero itidem <lb></lb>quòd exiſteret inane: digreſſus eſt item Philoponus; & inde ſumpſit occaſionem veſtigandi, quemad<lb></lb>modum non ſequantur hæc abſurda; ſiquando rarum è denſo fiat; aut contra denſum è raro: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>illud maius ſpatium, quàm prius occupabit; alterum longè minus. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſic argumentabor, ego, in<lb></lb>quit ipſe: hæc terminorum dilatatio fit è corporeo, vel incorporeo: ac ſiquidem ex incorporeo fiet; <lb></lb>quantum è non quanto procreabitur: ſi minus; erit ergo penetratio corporum. </s> <s>ſubeunte eo quod am<lb></lb>plificatur, in locum corporis ambientis: conſimiliter, ſi fiet denſum è raro, cùm minus occupet loci, <lb></lb>quam prius; ergo reſtabit inane: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> minus ab aduerſario ſtabit ea ratio, quòd ab eius auctore Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele: quinimmo plus vrgebit Ariſtotelem: nam ponitur auctio fieri ab externo: ergo quod creſcit, <pb pagenum="721"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4214"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>occupat locum eius quo increuit: & ſi fortè minuatur; quod diſcedit, in priſtinum locum remigrat: <lb></lb>at hîc intrinſecùs amplificatur ipſa ſubſtantia, vt cùm terræ pugillus in ignim conuertitur, quando <lb></lb>poſtquàm factus eſt ignis; occupat ſpatium millecuplo maius: ac ſi contra fiat ex igni terra; fit mille<lb></lb>cuplo minus nulla re ſecedente: quamobrem dimenſiones in ſeipſas recedunt: & ſic efficitur mani<lb></lb>feſta penetratio corporum. </s> <s>Reſpondet ad propoſitam quæſtionem Philoponus ex aliorum ſenten<lb></lb>tia primùm; deinde cùm eam refutarit enunciat propriam: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt alium eſſe virum agnoſcas, at<lb></lb>que illum qui commentarios in Phyſ. volumen edidit. </s> <s>Dicit ergo nonnullos, vt vacuum, <expan abbr="corporũq.">corporunque</expan> <lb></lb>penetrationem declinarent, exiſtimaſſe, quantum terræ fieret hîc ex aëre: tantundum aëris alibi è ter<lb></lb>ra reſtitui; & idcirco ex ea penetratione natura neutiquàm inane moliri. </s> <s>Attamen quàm ſit hoc va<lb></lb>num, & ab ordine rerum abhorrens, eæ rationes oſtendent, quas à Peripateticis occupatas hîc adſcri<lb></lb>bemus: ſequeretur enim inquit, vt fluctuaret vniuerſum quemadmodum Xuthus quidam obijcie<lb></lb>bat. </s> <s>Necnon quid vetaret, quominus alibi tantundem aëris in aquam arbitratu meo conuerteretur? <lb></lb></s> <s>hoc autem maximum figmentum eſt, ne dixerim monſtrum: vt ſi mihi liberet hic olla ad ignim ap<lb></lb>poſita cyathum aquæ in aërem transformando partem quandam aëris, qui Athenis eſſet, in aquam <lb></lb>permutare. </s> <s>Prætereà qui finis iſtius conuerſionis eſſet? </s> <s>etenim ſi ibi mutatur aër, qui huic reſpon<lb></lb>det; etiam pro illo aliud corpus mutari oportebit in infinitum. </s> <s>Adde quòd latio temporis puncto <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4215"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuccederet, ſi dum natura tantam aquæ molem vertit in aëre, per maximum ſpatium fieret illius aquę <lb></lb>repenſatio, vt puta, cùm modò flumina in noſtra habitabili ſint exhauſta, & creſcant elementa ſupe<lb></lb>riora, apud anthichthonas flumina redundent, ſuperiora verò elementa decreſcant: vnde enim tanta <lb></lb>continuatio motus, & tam velox; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè cum experiamur ventos, & terremotus, quorum agi<lb></lb>tatio, vt eſt captus rerum naturalium in hac inferiore mundi ſede, vehementiſsima perhibetur regio<lb></lb>nem noſtram maximo impetu, atque fragore concutere, proximam tamen eſſe in tranquillo? </s> <s>Mitto <lb></lb>nunc quòd maximè ſenſum pelleret tam velox & ſubitus motus: nam tum certè.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4214"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4215"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-maria, ac terras, <expan abbr="cælumq́">cælumque</expan>. </s> <s>profundum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quippe ferant rapidi ſecum <expan abbr="verrantq́">verrantque</expan>. </s> <s>per auras<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quapropter, inquit ipſe, dicemus hanc eſſe <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="mediorũ">mediorum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt denſeri & rarefieri <expan abbr="queãt">queant</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>modò <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan>, poſteà <expan abbr="minorẽ">minorem</expan> obtinere. </s> <s>proptereà, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> intumeſcat aliqua pars aquæ <lb></lb>in proximo; pars aëris <expan abbr="cõtigua">contigua</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtipat̃">conſtipatur</expan>; & in anguſtius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in ſe <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> modo <expan abbr="contrahit̃">contrahitur</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan>, <lb></lb>ſi pars aëris <expan abbr="cogat̃">cogatur</expan>; proxima rarefiat, ſic vbi <expan abbr="denſeat̃">denſeatur</expan> aqua illi <expan abbr="cõtigua">contigua</expan>, vicinus aër rarefiat: ita cedendo <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="dilatãdo">dilatando</expan> <expan abbr="cõpleant">compleant</expan> inane, & penetrationi corporis occurrant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò dum in ſeſe corpora contra<lb></lb>huntur, eſt illa penetratio, ſed diminutio terminorum & molis, eadem corpulentia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtantia; <lb></lb>quippe eadem materiæ portio, quæ nec augeſcit, neque minuitur; ſed molem <expan abbr="terminoſq́">terminoſque</expan>. </s> <s>commutat. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4216"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Proinde duo ſunt modi, quibus natura ſolet occurrere vacuò, vel per corporis contigui ſucceſsio<lb></lb>nem, nulla mutatione ſubſtantiæ præcedente, vel interuentu rarefactionis: ille expeditior, hic poſte<lb></lb>rior pro remedio ſecundo, quaſi natura ſecunda nauigatione, vt aiunt, vtatur; ac ſæpe fit cum aliqua <lb></lb>perturbatione naturæ: quandò etiam quælibet res certam protentionem diſtantiæ flagitat illa cum ſa<lb></lb>lute ſubſtantiæ præſtatur. </s> <s>quòd igitur vnaquæque res ſe conſeruare cupit, quantum poteſt; prior il<lb></lb>le modus eſt magis naturalis: itaque primò ſic ſuccurrit vacuò natura, ſecundo vtitur, vbi ſua natiua <lb></lb>mole contigui corporis ingreſsus non ſufficiat. </s> <s>Quare non ſuccedit corpus, ne rarefiat, vt aliquando <lb></lb>dixit Cardanus; ſed rarefit, ſiquando ſuccedens ſuum ſtatum conſeruans non ſit ſatis: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic rare<lb></lb>fieri eſt prorſus ſecundum naturam: quin ipſum quandoque natura declinet, & dum ita facit, quin <lb></lb>faciat iacturam; ſiquidem nimium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> afferat interitum. </s> <s>Vnde autem elementorum, raritas & <lb></lb>denſitas oriretur, certè neſciuit explicare Iandunus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & innuit id à calore proficiſci quòd item docue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4217"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rat Auerroës; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> veruntamen anceps poſtea de veritate dimiſit eiuſmodi rei diſquiſitionem: ſed totum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4218"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc multò antea ſuppleuerat Philoponus (nec dum enim ſcripta Græcorum, quod fuit ætatis illius in <lb></lb>fortunium; philoſophorum manib. terebantur) Ille igitur à ſua ipſius propria natura proficiſci puta<lb></lb>uit, vt idem elementum varios terminos in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materiæ portione ſuſciperet ob eam poteſtatem <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4219"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad diuerſos terminos habet in ſeipſa materia, propter quàm item ſic coguntur, aut etiam amplifican<lb></lb>tur, vt naturam commutent: <expan abbr="itaq́ue">itaque</expan> Theophraſto & Hippocrate auctoribus aër deſcenſens in aquam <lb></lb>conuertitur; & in ſe ipſa conſtipantur, & conſtipata dilatantur, vt ſi ſphæra goſſypij, vel lanæ maiore <lb></lb>quadam vi comprimatur, & compreſſa ſuæ naturæ poſteà dimittatur; præterquàm quòd in goſſypij <lb></lb>globo aër interceptus eſt, ſed in eo, quod eſt tale ſecundùm naturam, eadem eſt ſubſtantia quæ reſtrin<lb></lb>gitur, quaſi partes eius arctius copulentur, nihilominus retineant continuitatem nullis <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſpatijs ina<lb></lb>nibus interceptis, neque poris aliquo tenuiore corpore quod cedat, ſtipatis; ſed ſola ipſa diſtantia coar<lb></lb>ctata, & amplificata, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>prorſus ratione, ac vaſi cineris, vel arenæ contingat: etenim cùm ſint cor<lb></lb>pora minutiſsima; facilè accipiunt aërem, & ab eo ſuſtinentur propter paruitatem, ſicut ramenta in <lb></lb>aquis: itaque ſub ingrediens aqua <expan abbr="ſecumq́">ſecumque</expan>. </s> <s>trahens partes exiliores in profundum, valde minuit eius <lb></lb>molem; idem <expan abbr="multoq́ue">multoque</expan> magis cineri contingit; quòd cùm adhuc igneam vim conſeruet habet item <lb></lb>adiunctam leuitatem qua partes ſuſtentatæ inter ſe minus opprimunt, quapropter etiam more hu<lb></lb>iuſmodi corporum concurrit ad molis paruitatem propria facultas quę eſt ad denſitatem ex frigore <lb></lb>aquæ ſuperinfuſæ. </s> <s>Cęterùm & hæc & ſecundùm naturam huiuſmodi eſſe valent, & præter naturam; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi præter naturam fuerit affecta, remoto obice recuperare ſtatum naturalem; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>niſi poſt <lb></lb>aliquod tempus recuperent, interire: quandò ratio magnitudinis & paruitatis non ſola terminorum, <pb pagenum="722"></pb>verumetiam diſtantiæ protentione conſiſtit. </s> <s>Hæc in elementis medijs medio quodammodò ſe ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4220"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bet; in extremis extrema eſt: veruntamen, vt medium quid eſt in medijs, ita facilè commutatur. </s> <s>vt <lb></lb>enim dicebat Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> id magis eſt obnoxium mutationibus, quòd habet differentias minus inſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4221"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gnes: attamen etſi extremorum extremæ ſunt conditiones; non verebor etiam dicere propter natu<lb></lb>ram illas augeri poſſe, vt calorem & frigus in igni & glacie quorum raritas & denſitas eſſe ſolent aſſe<lb></lb>clæ. </s> <s>In mixtis denſitatem ſanè maiorem, quàm in corpore ſimplici Philoſophi concedunt, velut in <lb></lb>plumbo, raritatem maiorem in mixto, quàm igni & flamma reperiri non audio, neque opinor: cauſ<lb></lb>ſa illa eſſe poteſt, quòd mixtura frigidorum, quæ ſolet abundare in mixtis. </s> <s>Alterius ratio, quicquid <lb></lb>ſit de veritate, hæc erit dominium aquæ quæ concreſcit à frigore; & terræ quæ cogitur à calore. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tametſi ſiquis inſpiciat diligentius; illa <expan abbr="dẽſitas">denſitas</expan> quę eſt ingenita materię, & à contractione dimenſionis <lb></lb>exoritur, facilè iudicabitur in ſimplicibus longè maior eſſe, quàm plumbo, ea quæ vulgò in multitu<lb></lb>dine materię, <expan abbr="partiumq́">partiumque</expan>. </s> <s>frequentia ponitur, plumbo rectè aſsignabitur: eſt enim corpus minimè po<lb></lb>roſum propter humoris illius continuationem, ex quo ab initio conſtitutum eſt: ſed dimenſio laxior, <lb></lb>vt ſic dixerim, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſolutior, & conſiſtentia. </s> <s>mollior, proptereà comprimenti cedit facillimè, & den<lb></lb>ſum valde conſtringitur, terra, quæ cauſſa dimenſionis, & intrinſecùs eſt denſiſsima; propter <lb></lb>ariditatem in minimas partes diſtributa corporib. alienigenis intercipitur. </s> <s>huiuſmodi eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4222"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>arena, de qua ſuprà dictum eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non interna ceſsio, velut in aëre & plumbo; ſed <lb></lb>alieni corporis expulſio. </s> <s>Hęc quidem (vt mea fert ſententia) cauſſa cur rara cor<lb></lb>pora ſine alteratione conſtringantur, ac denſa dilatentur: & hoc eſt quòd <lb></lb>in pręſenti capite quærebatur, cuius ſanè cauſſa non eſt calor, vt ſu<lb></lb>ſpicabatur Iandunus. </s> <s>Non nego tamen ex calore naſci rari<lb></lb>tatem, vt contrà ex frigore denſitatem, quemadmodum <lb></lb>teſtabatur Auerroës: ſed hoc in pręſentia non age<lb></lb>batur. </s> <s>Atque ea de motu ſecundum quan<lb></lb>tum, de cauſsis, & differentiis eius <lb></lb>dicta ſufficiant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4216"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4217"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Q 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4218"></margin.target>b 7 Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4219"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4220"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4221"></margin.target>a1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4222"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS LIBRI SEPTIMI.</s></p> <pb pagenum="723"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI <lb></lb>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS. </s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV <lb></lb>LIBER OCTAVVS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE ALTERATIONE.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nonnulla diſputantur quę ad accidentium mutationem pertineant generatim, ac primo <lb></lb>loco de fine. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOTVVM genera duo ſunt quorum alterum, cùm ſit <expan abbr="implicatũ">implicatum</expan> contra<lb></lb>riis, ad illam partem ſubſtantiæ pertinet quæ mortalis eſt; alterum, quia <lb></lb>contrariis exemptum, corporibus inhęret diuinis: illud quod in ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiis ineſt quæ oriuntur & intereunt; tametſi omne perniciem ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>reſpicit; tamen aliquę partes ſic eius ortui & interitui ſunt affixę, vt ſine <lb></lb>his mutationibus in natura non exiſtant; veluti motus inanimorum qui <lb></lb>eſt per ſe, nutritio, & incrementum; conſimiliter rarefactio: alię <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ſalua ſubſtantia poſſunt obiri, vt loci mutatio, quæ contingit inanimis, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4223"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm genita fuerint. </s> <s>ex hoc ordine eſt alteratio de qua nunc inſtar, vt diſ<lb></lb>ſeramus. </s> <s>At verò cùm mutatio quę eſt comes alterius, veluti cùm ſit lux, <lb></lb>aut perſpicuitas, vbi generatur aër, more non inſueto philoſophis in il<lb></lb>lud ipſum prædicamentum non referatur, vnde termini petuntur, ſed in eo genere collocetur, in quo <lb></lb>eſt princeps illa mutatio cuius hæc eſt comes, vt rarefactio in ortum, & in incremento mutatio loci in <lb></lb>incrementum: illa retineatur in prædicamento quæ per ſeipſam conſiſtere poteſt: ſic nos de qualita<lb></lb>tis mutatione dicturi, eam quæ per ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, cum aliis motibus quibus ipſa adhęret, volumus eſſe nu<lb></lb>meratam; hîc <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> conſiderabimus quæ per ſe, & cum ſalute ſubſtantiæ pręſtatur, quam verè in <expan abbr="catego-riã">catego<lb></lb>riam</expan> qualitatis adſcribi, & <foreign lang="grc">ὰλοιώσεως</foreign> nomine à Gręcis ſignificari nouimus; eam nos, quia non ſatis eius <lb></lb>poteſtatem exprimunt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmotio">commotio</expan>, vel perpeſsio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> perturbatio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> affectio, quae <expan abbr="cõmotio">commotio</expan> & per<lb></lb>peſsio quid <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt indicet mutationem qualitatis, perturbatio mihi potius notare videtur <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">πάθος</foreign>, nec ſatis conuenire cum eius attributo <foreign lang="grc">τελειιωτικόν</foreign>, hoc eſt, perficiens, & affectio ſpeciatim <lb></lb>animi conturbatio; nonnunquàm ſignificat id quod alij diſpoſitionem vocant; alterationem trito vo<lb></lb>cabulo nominare conſtituimus. </s> <s>Sed cùm <foreign lang="grc">ἀλοὶωσις ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀλόιου</foreign> ceciderit; id verò <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> omnem <lb></lb><expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> complectitur accidentis, ſicut <foreign lang="grc">ἀλο</foreign> diſcrimen eſſentiæ: etiam ipſa videbitur poſſe transferri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4224"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad ſignificandam <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> mutationem, quæ fit circum accidentia: proptereà nobis, dum de <foreign lang="grc">ἀλοιιώσεως</foreign>, <lb></lb>hoc eſt, alteratione verba facimus, aliqua generatim de <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> mutatione tractare placuit: itaque <lb></lb>benignus lector hoc loco veniam dabit, ſi tantiſper digrediamur, dum de fine mutationis accidentium, <lb></lb>de efficacitate, ſubiecto, & natura <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> explicetur; nec ſanè alieno loco, quandò ea quæ nos expoſitu<lb></lb>ri ſumus, elucent primùm in mutatione qualitatis, & illi primò tribuuntur. </s> <s>A fine verò auſpicabimur, <lb></lb>quae ſicut ille regit <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> alias cauſſas, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> noſtras cogitationes moderatur. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> fit per <lb></lb>ſe, <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> eſt, & ex ſenſili materia <expan abbr="conflatũ">conflatum</expan> cuius etiam priuilegio forma in ipſa ſit ſingularis, ab his <lb></lb>duobus initiis alia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> pendent ad quæ materia <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> habet, & quibus actum forma elargitur quæ <lb></lb>ſunt idcirco ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & accidentia <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſubſtantiæ: verùm, vt aliquid tamen conducant ad <lb></lb>eſſe, ſiquidem ea ſint <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, vt formam conſequantur, ſic vt animam vita, vel ortum ex materia ducant: <lb></lb>vbi fuerint ſanè ex forma, cùm ſint formæ perfectio; planum quae ſiquid illa peruertat, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> formę ipſi dam<lb></lb>num afferet, violabit, & perimet: efficiet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquid in natura quod fuerit <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & pla<lb></lb>nè otioſum & fruſtra; <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>talia euenta ſint reipſa formæ, accidentia corpori & materiæ, quae aliquan<lb></lb>do poſſunt impediri, qui functiones impediat, aut tollet; vnà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> affliget, & iugulabit: ſi fue<lb></lb>rint ex eo genere quod pendet ex materia: quandò materia poteſtatem habet ad <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> formas cùm ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ, tum accidentis; erunt perfectiones: vniuerſa verò perfectiones indiuidui, cùm indiuiduum <pb pagenum="724"></pb>conſtet ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> principiis & materiæ, vt nos arbitramur, acceptum præcipuè referat, quae exiſtat, ea ſal<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4225"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽ">tem</expan> perfectione quam vocant actus & vſus, ſi non eminentiæ, per quam apparet actionum initia bene ſe <lb></lb>habere, quemadmodum ex amicitia virtus, & ex voluptate agnoſcitur habitus. </s> <s>Ergo, ſiquid offenſum <lb></lb>fuerit, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> natura indiuidua per materiam labem accipiet. </s> <s>Quoniam verò forma exiſtit in hac materia, <lb></lb>hac concuſſa, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> profligari continget. </s> <s>ita ex accidentium mutatione <expan abbr="detrimentũ">detrimentum</expan>, ſubſtantia <lb></lb>patietur: minuetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura <expan abbr="facultaſq́">facultaſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan>, vel proximè, vel remotè: non permanebit diutius <lb></lb>(etenim <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> breue, quod eſt contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>) proptereà, vel <expan abbr="priſtinũ">priſtinum</expan> ſtatum recuperabit, vel <expan abbr="cõtendet">contendet</expan> ad <lb></lb>interitum. </s> <s>Mitto nunc minimas, & ferè inſenſiles perturbationes, quae modicum ſolet tolerare natura, <lb></lb>& adhuc <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> conſueuit haberi, quod minimis vitiis vrgetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in eorum profeſsione quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, poſita eſt <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ſalus, in aduerſis conſiſtit interitus. </s> <s>Proinde ignis in loco <lb></lb>ſuperiore ſe probè tuetur; in inferiore corrumpitur, & in <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> raritate conſeruatur, ſeipſum perimit, <lb></lb>ſi denſeſcat. </s> <s>Cęterùm quae operatio eſt optima conditio ſubſtantiæ, & ipſi inhęret, niſi impediatur: ergo <lb></lb>quod dat eſſe, dat item operari <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo quo dat eſſe. </s> <s>Igitur cùm à ſubſtantia pendeat accidens, <lb></lb>neceſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt eius operatio pendeat à ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Verùm cùm <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> quod agit ſecundùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſic agat, quae ſibi expetat bonum; id verò eſt vel vt ſit, vel vt benè ſe habeat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in caducis, vt ſit <lb></lb>vel <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, vel ſpecies & natura: ergo & accidentia, cùm pullulent ex ſubſtantia ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4226"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> erunt propter <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, vt ipſi ſubſtantiæ bene ſit, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſe, ſpeciem'ue <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> tueantur. </s> <s>itaque <lb></lb>erunt inſtrumenta ſubſtantiæ, cùm ab ipſa deriuentur. </s> <s>Porrò cùm res ſint propter formam, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>primo <lb></lb>à natura exoptetur; ergo & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> cum primis erunt gratia formæ, & ipſius inſtrumenta præcipuè. </s> <s>Sic er<lb></lb>go ſubſtantiæ ſe per accidentia tuebuntur. </s> <s>quia verò ſe tuentur per <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> formam, vt ſpeciei <expan abbr="cuiã">cuiam</expan> <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan>, <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt intercedat vis efficiendi ſibi ſimile; propter quam forma degenerat in efficiens. </s> <s>hæc verò <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <lb></lb>ineſt in re perfecta, non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> id ſine primarum <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> auxilio, quæ eſt earum natura, præſtari: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ſe habent ad efficiens, vt gladius ad <expan abbr="militẽ">militem</expan>: quare, quemadmodum gladij in concertatione prius tan<lb></lb>gunt & feriunt, <expan abbr="iidemq́">iidemque</expan>. </s> <s>hebetantur, ſic primus eſt <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> conflictus: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſecundi actus <expan abbr="primarũ">primarum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan> corporis ſenſilis, inter quos verè contrarietas intercedit, & pugna, atque adeò vt hę ipſę <lb></lb>qualitates nonmodò primæ dignæ ſint appellari, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> ex <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> efficientia reliquę naſcantur, ſed quae inde <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <lb></lb>propè mutationis <expan abbr="ſumat̃">ſumatur</expan> exordium. </s> <s>Ex hoc fit, vt accidentia ſint inſtrumenta vel formæ ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>vel efficientis quæ eſt forma perfecta. </s> <s>Verumenimuero etſi formæ accidentis <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> aptæ ſunt ex <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan>, ſingulæ tamen afferunt aliquid <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> quod ſubſtantiæ ſuperueniens eas à forma ſubſtantiæ ſe<lb></lb>iungat; quod certa figura dictionis exprimitur, & <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> notat, & <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="categoriã">categoriam</expan> con<lb></lb>ſtituit. </s> <s>Sed & illa quæ ſunt eiuſdem generis, inter ſe differunt, & pro varietate <expan abbr="ſuarũ">ſuarum</expan> conditionum mi<lb></lb>ris modis ſubſtantiæ ſeruiunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> aliquę ſunt patibiles; aliis data eſt vis agendi; nonnullæ ſolo con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4227"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tactu efficiunt, vt quantitas; aliæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> afficiunt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, vt calor; <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> habent contrarium: reliquæ <lb></lb>carent. </s> <s>ex hoc ſequitur, vt ad diuerſa officia formæ accidentibus vtantur, ad <expan abbr="immutandũ">immutandum</expan> agentibus, & <lb></lb>iis potiſsimè quæ eminus afficiunt, vt calor & frigus ad id, vt mutatio in eo quod mutatur, ſit facilior; <lb></lb>iis in quibus eſt patiendi propenſio, ad ſe <expan abbr="tuẽdum">tuendum</expan> illis quæ <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> habent <expan abbr="impotentiã">impotentiam</expan> patiendi. </s> <s>Sunt <lb></lb>aliquæ ex his quæ per <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> ſubſtantiæ ſequuntur, aliæ ſalua ſubſtantia fiunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> nonnullæ, <lb></lb>quae actu ſubſtantiæ nitantur; aliæ verò, quae non eo promouentur, vt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> labefactent: <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> bonę ſunt <lb></lb>conditiones, <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> ratio deterior: totum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id ex agentis impotentia naſcitur, quod vult <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> efficere <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſed in medio curſu impeditur. </s> <s>Ad has eſt alteratio propriè, his natura vult vti ad <expan abbr="gignendũ">gignendum</expan>, <lb></lb>aliis ad formæ ſalutem. </s> <s>hę ſunt <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> inſtrumenta, illi formę ſolius: hæ præcurrunt, illę <expan abbr="comitãtur">comitantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm ſicuti iuſsit natura accidens eſſe propter <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſic verum eorum finem quæ materiam <expan abbr="cõ-mouent">con<lb></lb>mouent</expan>, eſſe voluit vt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> conſeruent, & qua ſubſtantia terminantur, cum ea conſiſtant, & quæ <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> <lb></lb>inſtrumenta fuerunt, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſint aſſeclæ rei quæ genita eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="antecedũt">antecedunt</expan> & conſequuntur: dum <expan abbr="ante-cedũt">ante<lb></lb>cedunt</expan>; adhuc pendent ab efficiente: dum conſequuntur; ſunt eius propria, in quo ſunt, vt in ſubiecto, <lb></lb>dum res fit, ad eius productionem conducunt, dum eſt facta tuentur. </s> <s>vt mihi res omnino ſimilis eſſe <lb></lb>videatur; ac ſi Rex aliquis potentiſsimus <expan abbr="amicũ">amicum</expan> in <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> regni <expan abbr="poſſeſsionẽ">poſſeſsionem</expan> mittere velit, & <expan abbr="regẽ">regem</expan> eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4228"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>regni creare quod ab alio rege fuerit occupatum, ipſe verò <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſtudio & omni labore, & magnis coactis <lb></lb>copiis retinere <expan abbr="conet̃">conetur</expan>, ita vt ad arma veniendum ſit: nam ſuos milites pręmittit, (nullos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habet ami<lb></lb>cus) qui cum alterius regis exercitu confligant, amoliantur propugnacula, eius copias fundant, <expan abbr="regẽ">regem</expan> <lb></lb>occidant, <expan abbr="amicũ">amicum</expan> in regno collocent: is verò illorum vtatur pręſidio <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> opera in regio ſolio conſti<lb></lb>turus eſt, iis ſtipendia ſoluens: iidem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> milites antecedunt & conſequuntur. </s> <s>prius erant alterius re<lb></lb>gis: poſteà ſub hoc merentes, facti ſunt noui reges; per eoſdem in regno poſitus eſt, & retinetur: eos <lb></lb>imitantur affectiones illę pręuiæ, de quibus anteà multa dicta ſunt, quæ ab initio pendent ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan>; <lb></lb>nec <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> mouerunt, ſed mox <expan abbr="cõmouere">commouere</expan> incipient, & eius fieri paullatim, donec ex ipſo <expan abbr="pẽdeant">pendeant</expan> vni<lb></lb>uersè; prius alteri ſeruierunt; huic quod <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt, poſteà; quaſi ipſi milites antequàm experti ſint <expan abbr="li-beralitatẽ">li<lb></lb>beralitatem</expan>, & <expan abbr="fortitudinẽ">fortitudinem</expan> noui regis; nihil ipſius cauſſa velint, ſed eius qui miſit: mox iis bonis in nouo <lb></lb>rege perſpectis <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> obſeruare incipiant; ipſe verò eorum animos paullatim ſuis beneficiis ſic alliciat; <lb></lb>ac <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> ſibi omnes adiungat, vt alium <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> regem velint, quàm eum quem ipſi creauerint; proinde <lb></lb>quicquid agunt, & agunt propter <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan>, & eius exiſtimatione, & potentia fulti. </s> <s>Igitur vt hæc ad pauca <lb></lb>redigam. </s> <s>Accidentia ſic ſunt à natura inſtituta, vt pellant contraria, materiam afficiant ad accipien<lb></lb>dam certam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, poſtquam ea producta eſt, illam tueantur, quantum poſſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id in eius virtute <lb></lb>faciant, cùm ſint ex illa, & propter illam, ſicuti milites ad nouum regem miſsi illum voluerunt, & eius <pb pagenum="725"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4229"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opibus, & ſapientia nixi, illum & regem habent, & defendunt. </s> <s>Ex his etiam datur occaſio propulſan<lb></lb>di quandam maximam dubitationem quæ de vi & facultate accidenuum proponi ſolet. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc <lb></lb>pluribus tractari conſueuit à philoſophis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4223"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4224"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4225"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4226"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4227"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4228"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4229"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quoad facultas accidentis generando procedat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ADVERSVS ea quæ decreta ſunt, ab aliis viris doctis multa dicta comperio, & in alia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> diſceſ<lb></lb>ſum. </s> <s>Etenim cùm fuerit anteà conſtitutum, <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, vt generetur, egere accidentibus <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb></lb>ope materia poſsit affici ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="futurã">futuram</expan>, viſum eſt aliquibus non eſſe opus accidentibus. </s> <s>ſed ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam proximè generare <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>: aliis placuit oppoſitum, nempe <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> nihil agere, ſed actionem <lb></lb>accidentis eſſe <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan>, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> accidens efficere proximè ſubſtantiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Deniq.">Denique</expan> nihil minus <expan abbr="approbarũt">approbarunt</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd accidens operetur in generatione ſubſtantiæ, vt inſtrumentum ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Nam quòd non ſit <lb></lb>accidens inſtrumentum, ſic conficiunt. </s> <s>Primùm acccidentia quæ habent agendi facultatem, ſunt quat<lb></lb>tuor primæ qualitates; hę verò proximè inhęrent in materia prima, & ordine generationis antecedunt <lb></lb>formis <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan>: ergo non ſunt <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> inſtrumenta. </s> <s>Deinde productio ignis ab igni diſtinguitur à <lb></lb>calefactione, aut non: ſi diſtinguitur; igitur ignis efficit ignim ſine ope accidentis: ſi minus: ergo ignis <lb></lb>producit per calefactionem, ſed calefactio caloris eſt. </s> <s>igitur ſubſtantia non virtute propria producet, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4230"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed ipſius caloris. </s> <s>Tertiò valde leue eſt illud, aiunt, & nugatorium, dicere accidens agere in virtute ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt dirigi ab ipſa, vt inſtrumenta motus ab artifice diriguntur: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quemadmodum ac<lb></lb>cidens à <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="dirigat̃">dirigatur</expan>, neutiquàm cogitari, ne dum credi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, aut eſt ponere quendam influxum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> influxum dicere tibi permittam, quae opponam hunc eſſe <expan abbr="ignobiliorẽ">ignobiliorem</expan> accidente: proptereà, niſi <lb></lb>accidens agat virtute propria, multò minus aget ex vi talis influxus. </s> <s>Rurſus ſiue influxus iſte ſit, ſeu <lb></lb>virtus, eſt accidens: quæretur vnde habeat vim producendi ſubſtantiam; nam ſi id facit virtute ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ, non ſua. </s> <s>at quomodo illi communicatur ea virtus? </s> <s>& de hac item quæretur, vt à <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> pen<lb></lb>deat, & in infinitum quæſtio procedet, quae ſi ſua virtute fatearis efficere <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; cur etiam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dabatur <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ab initio quæſtionis? </s> <s>Cùm verò nonnulli reſpondeant accidens ex natura virtutem eſſe ſubſtantiæ, <lb></lb>quippe ex ea pendens, & illius inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Contrà hoc nihil erit aliud, niſi relatio accidentis ad <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>atqui relatio <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> terminus eſt mutationis per ſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> principium. </s> <s>Prætereà falſum eſt, <lb></lb>ignim produci à calore, quia ſit virtus ignis: quandò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab aëris calore <expan abbr="producit̃">producitur</expan>, cùm ex aëre & terra <lb></lb>fit ignis. </s> <s>Inſuper ignis etiam gignitur ex lumine & motu quæ ſunt accidentia: non igitur ex virtute <lb></lb>ſubſtantię. </s> <s>Quod verò in quorundam mentem cadit <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> per ſe agere, <expan abbr="exẽpli">exempli</expan> cauſſa, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad gradum <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſeptimũ">ſeptimum</expan>; in octauo autem, vel eo qui afferat <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> affectionem, & imprimat in materia poſtremam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4231"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> poteſtatem ad <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, duntaxat ex ſubſtantiæ virtute efficere, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſt aliud: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ignis naturaliter agit, & <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> igitur modo perpetuò. </s> <s>Prętereà calor eſt idem qui ad <expan abbr="ſeptimũ">ſeptimum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> operatus eſt, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> aduenit, dum prouectus eſt ad <expan abbr="octauũ">octauum</expan>, quod eius <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> mutaret: ergo <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> propria virtute prius agebat, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> propria virtute neceſſe eſt agat in extremo, quoad <lb></lb>enim permanet idem; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſemper agere <expan abbr="aptũ">aptum</expan> natum eſt, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> verò permanet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eadem eſt <lb></lb>caloris <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> definitio: ſimilis fortè non eſt; at hæc differentia quæ per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eſt; tantum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe <lb></lb>videbitur, vt ea producat quæ toto genere ſeparantur, cuiuſmodi ſunt accidens & ſubſtantia. </s> <s>ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ſimilis differentia cauſſæ ſolet efficere <expan abbr="ſimilẽ">ſimilem</expan> <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> in effectu; ſic & diſsimilis eam ponet in effectu <lb></lb><expan abbr="diſsimilitudinẽ">diſsimilitudinem</expan> quæ prius extiterit in cauſſa: cauſſa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> continet differentiam per accidens. </s> <s>ergo ef<lb></lb>fectus eſſentialem <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> continere nequibit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non aget accidens ex virtute ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Reſtat <lb></lb>igitur, vt aut non agat, aut quicquid agit, agat ex propria, non aliena virtute. </s> <s>Quòd ſicubi <expan abbr="aſſeueratũ">aſſeueratum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt à ſapientibus accidens agere ex virtute ſubſtantiæ; id ob <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> ex hiſce cauſsis pronunciatum fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe dicemus, vel quae actio denominat <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> quod eſt ſubſtantia. </s> <s>quare dicimus ignim calefacere, vel <lb></lb>quia ſubſtantia nititur, vel quae ab ea <expan abbr="determinat̃">determinatur</expan>: quia .ſ. </s> <s>tantus calor, non calor ſimpliciter, ad hanc <expan abbr="ſub-ſtantiã">ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="producendã">producendam</expan> requiritur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in eodem gradu aërem poteſt efficere & ignim: proinde à ta<lb></lb>li ſubſtantia, non vt efficiente, ſed fine determinatur. </s> <s>Non igitur aget ignis, ſed calor propria facultate. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4232"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Non agere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> opinatus eſt Scotus, & ad id <expan abbr="confirmandũ">confirmandum</expan> hæc valere videbantur. </s> <s>Etenim vulgò etiam <lb></lb>dici ſolitum; <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> agens ſuo gradu, <expan abbr="ſuaq́">ſuaque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſius virtute excedere. </s> <s>Cùm igitur accidens ſubſtantiæ ce<lb></lb>dat; <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> producet ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Hoc primum eſt, ſequitur illud. </s> <s>vſurpabo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id ſolum, quod ad <lb></lb>hanc methodum pertinet: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> argumentum Theologorum. </s> <s>Aut igitur hoc naſcitur ex perfectione <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, aut imperfectione, ſed nil ex his eſſe poteſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita ſe habet ſubſtantia ad ſubſtantiam, <lb></lb>velut accidens ad accidens. </s> <s>Sed accidenti non repugnat producere accidens: ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſubſtantię repu<lb></lb>gnabit generare ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Datur etiam generatio vniuoca, & à ſimili. </s> <s>Ergo & ſubſtantia produci<lb></lb>tur à <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>. </s> <s>Extremum illud eſt, quae quid eſt ipſius ſubiecti eſt cauſſa proprię functionis, ſiue omnis, <lb></lb>ſiue alicuius, quid veriſsimè conſtituatur, alius erit conſiderandi locus. </s> <s>veruntamen non ſecundùm vir<lb></lb>tutem <expan abbr="patibilẽ">patibilem</expan>, quòd <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> huiuſmodi poteſtas reſpicit repugnantia, ſed eſt functio perpetua; igitur per <lb></lb><expan abbr="actuosã">actuosam</expan> facultatem. </s> <s>Ergo ſubſtantia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aliquid proximè producere, quae ſi producit accidens, cur non <lb></lb>& ſubſtantiam? </s> <s>multò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maior eſt conuenientia inter ſubſtantiam & <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, quàm inter <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb>& accidens quæ videtur obſeruari in natura: calor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à calore, & frigus à frigore per ſe producitur, & <lb></lb>omnino vniuocum ab vniuoco. </s> <s>Attamen <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> accidenti negare eſt apertè oppugnare auctoritatem <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui reſtatur <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> non agere, quoad eſt ignis, ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> calidus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́">Idemque</expan>. 2. de ortu ſaltem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4233"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="726"></pb>inſtrumenti <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> conceſsiſſe videtur accidenti. </s> <s>Idcircò <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> tribuunt alij accidenti, ſubſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4234"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiæ <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> niſi per <expan abbr="conſecutionẽ">conſecutionem</expan> quandam, cauſſam <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> non afferunt huius attributi, niſi quae ea ſit acci<lb></lb>dentis naturæ, non ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> deſunt <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> quibus hęc pars problematis confirmetur, ſiquidem <lb></lb>actio procedat inter contraria. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> non ſunt in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Neque igitur actio. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb>docent clariſsimi philoſophi <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe agens quod afficit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> affert formam. </s> <s>Sed accidentis eſt <lb></lb>afficere: ergo & generare: aſſerunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> formas non habere vim agendi, niſi beneficio primarum qua<lb></lb>litatum: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſemen per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> natiuum efficit actu animatum. </s> <s>Poſtremò ignis, non à ſubſtantia, ſed ab <lb></lb>accidente producitur, vt à motu & lumine. </s> <s>Vis ergo gignendi non eſt attribuenda ſubſtantiæ, ſed ac<lb></lb>cidenti. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò nulla ex his rationibus apud me tanti eſt, vt me de mea ſententia <expan abbr="cõmouere">commouere</expan> <lb></lb>poſsit, & illę plus valere mihi videntur quas contrà mox afferemus. </s> <s>ſiquidem docuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>idem eſ<lb></lb>ſe finem, efficiens & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in natura, <expan abbr="rationeq́">rationeque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolùm, numeróue diſcrepare, non eſſentia. </s> <s>Deinde vtor <lb></lb>argumento Ariſtotelis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> In omni genere, vbi eſt patiens, ibi eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> agens oportet. </s> <s>Sed in <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4235"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt propenſio ad id vt generetur, & materia quæ patitur: ergo & in ſubſtantia eſt generandi facultas <lb></lb>& actuoſa. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ita veram eſſe arbitror apud Peripateticos eam propoſitionem, vt in illa etiam gene<lb></lb>ra valeat quæ non ſunt vniuoca ſimpliciter: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> dubium id non eſt de mente patibili & actuoſa: tantò <lb></lb>minus in vniuocis, de quibus vniuocum ab vniuoco fieri ſæpiſsimè teſtatum eſt. </s> <s>Tertiò ſi accidens age<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4236"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>& produceret <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, prius eſſet non ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſubſtantia: id verò ab Ariſt. </s> <s>reputatur abſur<lb></lb>dum, atque id falſum foret ſubſtantiam natura, ratione, & perfectione priorem eſſe omni accidente. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quartò ſubſtantia gignetur ex conſequente. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ego hîc illud inficior, quin <expan abbr="inductionẽ">inductionem</expan> pręuiarum <lb></lb><expan abbr="affectionũ">affectionum</expan> conſequatur, ſed aio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fore cauſſa finis ex conſequenti, non primò expetitam. </s> <s>Nam ſi <lb></lb>accidens non eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>; nec videtur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſubſtantia ab illo, tanquàm <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> expeti prin<lb></lb>cipaliter: <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> enim quod agit; agit propter <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> primò, & aliud vult, vt ſibi ipſi ſit bene. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm igitur efficiendi facultas non ſit in ſubſtantia, ſed in accidente, & hoc propter ſeipſum velit. </s> <s>quic<lb></lb>quid vult, in ſubſtantia non erit appetitus ille ſubſtantiæ, niſi patibilis; in accidente non erit primus; er<lb></lb>go <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ratione finis ſubſtantiæ generatio præcedet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ex conſequenti prorſus erit productio ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ. </s> <s>Non me fugit ad hæc egregiè reſponſum ita, vt verè cauſſa iſta ſolùm cauſſam non habeat, cæte<lb></lb>ris reb. abundet: ac mea quidem ſententia caput vniuerſæ reſponſionis hoc eſt. </s> <s>ſi propriè facere ſuma<lb></lb>tur; id non eſſe <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> formæ quæ conſtituat <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſed ad illam pertinere quandam <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> actio<lb></lb>nis <expan abbr="impropriã">impropriam</expan>, & <expan abbr="methaphoricã">methaphoricam</expan>; quatenus actio denominat <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; quatenus eſt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> acciden<lb></lb>tis, & quatenus determinat ſibi gradum accidentis, ex quo exiſtat; actionem verò propriè eſſe ipſius ac<lb></lb>cidentis. </s> <s>Sed arbor hęc, vt opinor, exciſa, non euuiſa eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fruticetur, vide. </s> <s>In primis Ariſt. </s> <s>accu<lb></lb>ſabat <expan abbr="Democritũ">Democritum</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae generandi vim tribueret accidenti: ac monebat eum qui tales cauſſas generatio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4237"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4238"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nis afferret; generare <foreign lang="grc">λίαν ὀργανικῶς</foreign>, ideſt, quòd inſtrumenta poneret, non principes ortus cauſſas. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde hoc me perſuadet <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> verè, & potiſsimè agere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> agere, quod eſt efficientis, eſt edu<lb></lb>cere de poteſtate ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, & dare formam, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed hoc ſubſtantia facit, vt animal & Sol. </s> <s>Ergo & ſubſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4239"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia generat. </s> <s>Mitto quae Ariſtoteles vim efficiendi conceſſerit animo, cùm docuerit eum eſſe tribus modis <lb></lb><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> in viuentibus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>enunciarit <expan abbr="naturaliſsimũ">naturaliſsimum</expan> <expan abbr="viuentiũ">viuentium</expan> munus eſſe ſibi ſimile propagare: <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>dictis ij viderint, quemadmodum quadret illa interpretatio. </s> <s>illud animaduerti volo, quae dum explicant, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> formæ tribuatur agere, vim efficientis quæ formæ dari ſolet, funditùs euertunt: etenim <lb></lb>illius aiunt, eſſe efficere quæ determinat, ſed determinat ea quæ <expan abbr="giguẽda">gignenda</expan> eſt, vt ipſi fatentur: atqui effi<lb></lb>ciens <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> antecedit, quod actu eſt, qui poteſtati præcedit ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Nam ſi velint, vt nos, formam <lb></lb>determinare formaliter, & intrinſecùs, extrinſecùs <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> efficiens, &, vt vulgò fertur, efficienter; iam <expan abbr="effi-cientiã">effi<lb></lb>cientiam</expan>, vel inuiti in ſubſtantia collocabunt: terminat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma ſcamni <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan>, dum illa <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> termino <expan abbr="cõ-cluditur">con<lb></lb>cluditur</expan>; terminat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> faber, dum auferendo partes ipſum figurat: ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit in natura, niſi quòd in natu<lb></lb>ra efficiens <expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan> eſt, in arte diuerſum. </s> <s>huius actu materia ſine propenſione, illius eſt poteſtate, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ordinata ad actum: in natura efficiens per ſe ſemper in actu certo, & alterius actus conſecutio certa, <lb></lb>artificis certiſsimus exitus, vt ſi hæc ritè fiant, id <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> ſucceſſurum ſit, ſed functio ad arbitrium. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4240"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ego cùm diligenter animaduerto, non poſſum induci, vt credam efficiendi vim accidenti, non autem <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ eſſe delegandam. </s> <s>Hoc igitur conſtituto videamus quid ad rationes oppoſitas dici queat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4230"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4231"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4232"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4233"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4234"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4235"></margin.target>a 3. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4236"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4237"></margin.target>b 2. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4238"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4239"></margin.target>c1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4240"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur rationes quibus oppugnatur accidens in ortu ſubstantię non eſſe inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MIHI verò videtur <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſecta plus diſtantiæ vel accidentis naturæ tribuiſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſorum conditio <lb></lb>toleret, dum vel <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ſine accidente vim efficiendi volunt habere, vel dum accidens per ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> producere putant. </s> <s>Nobis ſanè placet ſubſtantiam ſine accidente nihil producere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> acci<lb></lb>dens in ſubſtantia producenda alterius ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eſſe inſtrumentum. </s> <s>quae nulla ſine præuiis affe<lb></lb>ctionibus & apparatu materiæ gigni <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan>, & quae in ſubſtantia non eſſet appetitus innatus ad id vt aliud <lb></lb>ſit, per quod efficiens conſtituitur, & cęteris cauſsis ſegregatur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> accidens non ſanè princeps <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed inſtrumentum ſubſtantiæ verè cenſebitur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetitus eſt in forma, neque in fine, ſed hic ap<lb></lb>petitur: forma habet: ideò non appetit. </s> <s>in materia ineſt quidem appetitus, ſed ille patibilis eſt, non <lb></lb>actuoſus quo determinatur efficiens, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>& hunc præcedere oportet. </s> <s>Et rationes quæ contra hanc <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> afferuntur, Criſtic<foreign lang="grc">ῶς</foreign> potius cumulatæ ſunt, quàm ſenſibus & experientia ſtabilitæ. </s> <s>Cùm ve<lb></lb>rò multum inſiſtant in illo aduerſarij, quae accidens non vt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, ſed propria virtute efficiat, ad <pb pagenum="727"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4241"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eas in primis aliqua dicemus. </s> <s>Quod igitur aiunt, primas quattuor qualitates inſidere in materia prima <lb></lb>ſine interuentu formæ quæ conſtituat <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, non caret maxima dubitatione, neque id efficit fortè, <lb></lb>quod optant. </s> <s>Etenim & dubium eſt, ſint'ne ipſæ elementorum formæ. </s> <s>& eſto quae non ſint, haud dabo il<lb></lb>las proximè inhęrere in materia prima, & iis <expan abbr="ſupponã">ſupponam</expan> quoquo modo ſubſtantiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> illa non me <lb></lb>valde <expan abbr="cõmouent">commouent</expan> quæ de conſimilibus qualitatibus afferuntur quas ſuperſtites eſſe in <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> mu<lb></lb>tatione teſtantur philoſophi, nec quae affectio formę nouæ præcedat quæ per accidentia miniſtratur, aut <lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> quibus probatur accidentia in genito <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> remanere poſſe quæ fuerant in corrupto, cùm for<lb></lb>mas <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> acceperimus quibus accidentia <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> comitentur, quas non materialiter, ſed forma<lb></lb>liter ſolùm mutari docuerimus, & <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo accidentia quibus illa ſunt affixa, & illa accidentia in ea <lb></lb>materia ex qua noua ſpecies eſt gignenda; ſic ineſſe docuerimus ab initio <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ πάθος</foreign>, & ſecundùm <lb></lb>paſsionem, non ſecundùm <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, & ab efficiente pendere, non à ſubiecto, ac ſimiliter ſubiectum quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="afficiendũ">afficiendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>non eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed aliqua forma & contrariis <expan abbr="informatã">informatam</expan>, atque munitam: <lb></lb>aliter nulla affectione præcedente opus eſſet: quandò materia per ſeipſam non minus ad hanc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad <lb></lb>quanlibet <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> formam propenſa ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Deniq.">Denique</expan> actuoſæ illę qualitates quibus vtitur efficiens ad <expan abbr="afficien-dã">afficien<lb></lb>dam</expan> materiam, ipſius efficientis ſubſtantia fundatur eo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>: ergo non proximè inhęrent in materia; <lb></lb>niſi ſit aliquod tempus quo materia <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> forma & veteri & noua ſit priuata, quod certè fieri nequit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4242"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quantum verò eſt de ſecunda obiectione: tametſi poſtulat ea quæſtio longiorem animaduerſionem, <lb></lb>an ignis productio diſtinguatur à calefactione, an ſit idem; tamen hîc ego pauca, & ea ſummatim, quę <lb></lb>valeant ad <expan abbr="indicandã">indicandam</expan> argumenti fallaciam. </s> <s>ſiquidem hoc accipiam ignis <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> & <expan abbr="calefactionẽ">calefactionem</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe idem ſubiecto, ratione <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan>, & fine proximo ſegregari; & <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> eſſe dicam <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> totam quæ eſt pro<lb></lb>ductio ſubſtantiæ, quae huc naura collimat; ſicut vna eſt actio meæ manus & calami, dum ſcribo, ſed ma<lb></lb>nus, vt primi mouentis, calami verò, vt inſtrumenti, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> quorum eſt nexus ille, vt miniſtri, <lb></lb>& imperantis, vt <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſine altero ſuo fungi officio nequeat, veluti nec calamus ſine manu, nec contrà <lb></lb>manus ſine calamo exarare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> etſi ignis per calefactionem producit ſubſtantiam, & calefactio eſt <lb></lb>ex calore: nihilominus ſubſtantiæ productio non eſt ex calore ſimpliciter, ſed vt inſtrumento ſubſtantię. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et planè non videtur habere vim hæc conſecutio: ſubſtantia generat per calefactionem: ergo generat <lb></lb>calor, quod <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> conuincere volebat, & in eo fallacia latet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aſſumptum continet habitu<lb></lb>dinem inſtrumenti, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ſtatuitur <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> agere per calefactionem, & eſt cum aliqua conditione: <expan abbr="conſequẽs">conſequens</expan> <lb></lb>infertur ſimpliciter: calorem .ſ. </s> <s>producere: ita vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi concedamus <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> vti virtute caloris; <expan abbr="neu-tiq̃">neu<lb></lb>tiquam</expan> tamen illud valeat, vt virtus caloris hoc <expan abbr="perſeipsã">perſeipsam</expan> præſtet, vt ſi calamum probè attemperatum <expan abbr="ha-beã">ha<lb></lb>beam</expan>, & eius auxilio bene ſcribam; non idcircò bene ſcribet calamus, ſed ego bene <expan abbr="ſcribã">ſcribam</expan> per calamum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4243"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bonum. </s> <s>Tertia ratio flagitat, vt doceamus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> agantur inſtrumenta à cauſsis principibus, <lb></lb>ſed non tanta de re <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> eſt hoc loco diſputare. </s> <s>inferius agetur copioſiſsimè. </s> <s>nunc ſufficiat ex iis <lb></lb>quæ ab initio libri præſentis conſtituta fuerunt, obiecta diluere. </s> <s>Nam quod quæritur accidens, cùm <lb></lb>agit in virtute ſubſtantiæ, vel ita agere, quae à ſubſtantia dirigatur, vel quae ipſi aliquid ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõmunicet">communicet</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> primam <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> ego facilè tueor, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen vehementer me ſollicitant ea quę alteri <expan abbr="opponũtur">opponuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>vt verear, nequid in <expan abbr="cõmodi">commodi</expan> ex illis oriatur. </s> <s>Ex his igitur quæ ſuprà ſunt expoſita, dicimus accidens à <lb></lb>ſubſtantia dirigi bifariam, vel, vt à fine, vel, vt ab efficiente. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius actio, ſiqua eſt, gratia ſubſtantiæ, <lb></lb>vt afficiatur materia ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> nouam, & cùm eius actio non diſtinguatur à motu reipſa: ſicut motus <lb></lb>eſt gratia termini ad quem, & formæ: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminus hic finis motus non interrupti, ſic & <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> actio eſt <lb></lb>gratia termini ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, & formæ, ac naturæ ordine gratia formæ quę ſit ſubſtantia; nam ſicut illa eſt ma<lb></lb>ximè; ſic maximè expetitur in natura: ſimpliciter autem ſingularum <expan abbr="actionũ">actionum</expan> finis, vt perfectio mate<lb></lb>riæ & indiuidui. </s> <s>Neque id vllam habet <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, ſed eſt vniuerſa <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura qua materia contendit ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & ſanatio <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan> bona valetudine. </s> <s>Et ab efficiente <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dirigitur accidens: eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primus <lb></lb>ſcopus eſt ſpeciei tutela. </s> <s>proinde vult eſſe hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & ex conſecutione igitur expetit hunc motum, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> præſtare valeat, & totum hoc <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> continet noxum finis, & eius quod inſtituitur ad finem: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>actiones quarum gratia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed cùm ad aliud dirigantur: non ſunt ipſę propter fines, ſed propter aliud: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4244"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4245"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſt rei natura, vt in illo ordine poſteriore naſcantur ex antecedentibus velut expurgatione <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽperies">temperies</expan>; ex hac ſalus, & demum, vbi ſint plures actiones quæ <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> quibuſdam gradibus atque ordine <lb></lb>tendant ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> finem, in iis eſt vinculum efficientis & finis, quo antecedens vult conſequens, & prius <lb></lb>hoc, mox aliud, & conſequens <expan abbr="erũpit">erumpit</expan> ex antecedente ex vi natiua, nec <expan abbr="aliũde">aliunde</expan> accerſita, ac proximè <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> hoc, illud poſterius, & cuius vinculi alia cauſſa nequeat aſsignari, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſa rei natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc quidem <lb></lb>ſat eſſet ad <expan abbr="obiectionẽ">obiectionem</expan> illam euertendam. </s> <s>Sed cùm & alterum <expan abbr="membrũ">membrum</expan> tangat influxus qui qualitates <lb></lb>habentur, & à <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> ſolent acerrimè defendi; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fortaſsis <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> fuerit influxum ponere <expan abbr="propẽ-ſionẽ">propen<lb></lb>ſionem</expan> illam antecedentium ad conſequentia, vnde <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt hoc huius gratia facere, & hoc naſci ab illo, <lb></lb>& cùm operari ſit perfectio rei quæ eſt quae hoc extet maximè in accidente, cùm <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> impetrarit à ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, quae ſit: ita vt nulla dubitatio debeat exiſtere, quin accidenti vis à ſubſtantia tribuatur: cùm hæc <lb></lb>quæ contra influxus inferuntur, valeant <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aduerſus hanc <expan abbr="cõmunicationem">communicationem</expan> virtutis, ſiue directionem; <lb></lb>euidentiæ cauſſa, hanc <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> diſputationis expendamus. </s> <s>Influxus, aiunt, eſt ignobilior accidente: non <lb></lb>igitur ex eius virtute aget accidens. </s> <s>Specto primùm argumenti formam. </s> <s>tametſi eſt nobilius <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, <lb></lb>cur non agitur ab illo? </s> <s>dicam enim influxum non per ſe agere, ſed alterius, vnde eſt virtute fultum. <lb></lb></s> <s>At hoc, inquies, effici non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quando <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæri de proceſſu talis influxus eodem modo poteſt. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>cùm dicitur agere per <expan abbr="influxũ">influxum</expan>, non aliud ex iis verbis ſignificari putes, ac <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> illum virtutis quæ com <pb pagenum="728"></pb>municatur à ſubſtantia, vt proceſſum formæ ab efficiente ad materiam: ſicut ergo proceſſus habitudi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4246"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem notat ab <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> ad ſubiectum: re uera tamen eſt forma ipſa procedens, vt docuimus, cùm de eſ<lb></lb>ſentia motus ageremus; ita nulla eſt per ſe virtus eius proceſſus, & influxus, niſi vt re non differt à com<lb></lb>municante, vel excipiente virtutem, ſed habitudine ſola. </s> <s>Ergo poterit eſſe iſte influxus, nec accidens <lb></lb>eius virtute <expan abbr="confirmatũ">confirmatum</expan> agere oportebit. </s> <s>Atqui non ſana eſt illa ſequela, in qua <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> eius etiam to<lb></lb>leratur ab antecedente. </s> <s>Argumenti fallacia ſic melius detegetur. </s> <s>ſi aſſumpta hic ordinentur (neque <lb></lb>.n. immutatio formæ ſyllogiſticę peruertit <expan abbr="nexũ">nexum</expan>, vel infert repugnantiam rerum <expan abbr="aſſumptarũ">aſſumptarum</expan>) Si foret <lb></lb>influxus: accidens ageret ex eius virtute. </s> <s>At non agit. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt influxus: non agit autem, quae no<lb></lb>bilius non agit ex virtute ignobilioris. </s> <s>Ad aſſumpti probationem dicimus non eſſe inconueniens no<lb></lb>bilius agere ex virtute ignobilioris, ſi pendeat ex alio, qualem tu vis eſſe influxum, vel id negabimus, quae <lb></lb>intercedat hìc ratio nobilioris & ignobilioris, cùm ſit diſcrimen habitudinis, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rei. </s> <s>Ad conſecu<lb></lb>tionem: dico non eſſe <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, vt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> agat ex virtute influxus, ſed ſat eſſe, ſi ex virtute eius quod <lb></lb>excipit, aut à quo communicatur. </s> <s>Quapropter iſte influxus quòd ignobilior ſit <expan abbr="accidẽte">accidente</expan>, cùm ſit reipſa <lb></lb>idem cum forma, ſeu virtute quæ influit; haud facilè dabo. </s> <s>Similiter, quae ſit accidens; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hic de quo <lb></lb>nunc diſſerimus, pars generationis ſubſtantiæ, aut vis efficientis <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ad ſubſtantiam referri nos ea mo<lb></lb>nent, quæ olim de generatione conſtituimus: nam ſi reſpicias vnde eſt, erit actus efficientis, quæ eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4247"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actu ſubſtantia, ſi vbi <expan abbr="excipit̃">excipitur</expan>; eſt promotio materiæ & poteſtatis ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & via certa ad ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſit <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>: ſicuti tu exiſtimas <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habere vim <expan abbr="mouẽdi">mouendi</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> mouere p <lb></lb>ſpeciem: ſic credito vim eſſe in efficiente, tribui <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per influxum, & vt re functionis huiuſce magis af<lb></lb>fini propoſitum explanetur. </s> <s>accipito agens; hoc efficere non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, niſi præſentia ſua; nec tamen virtus <lb></lb>agendi eſt in ipſa præſentia, ſed in agente; præſentia verò eſt eius conditio; ſic influxus eſt vna è condi<lb></lb>tionibus, nec in eo ſita eſt aliqua virtus, & ſicuti præſentia quoquo modo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> haberi accidens quę, tam <lb></lb>etſi nihil operatur; nihilominus eſt, per quod efficiens operatur: ita ſi ponatur accidens eſſe influ<lb></lb>xum; nihil tamen obſtabit, quominus per ipſum operetur efficiens, & alij conſimilem vim quoquo<lb></lb>modo tradat; tametſi ipſe nil efficiat, ac quæſtio procederet, ſi vis eſſet in influxu, vt in ſubiecto; at eſt <lb></lb>per ipſum, non in ipſo: in ipſo vis eſt, in accidente tamen, vt per aliud, & ex alio pendens, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abſoluta, <lb></lb>ſed inefficiente præcipua. </s> <s>Ad illud verò, quod adſcriptum eſt. </s> <s>ſi accidens foret inſtrumentum <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tiæ">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ</expan>, effici, vt ſit relatio, quæ nullo modo eſt principium motus. </s> <s>ſi relationem formaliter eſſe cenſeas <expan abbr="in-ſtrumentũ">in<lb></lb>ſtrumentum</expan>, & nihil vltra <expan abbr="relationẽ">relationem</expan> afferre, non eſt ita: eſt quidem in relatione poſitum, cùm ſit ſemper <lb></lb>alterius gratia, ſed aliud addit habitudini, nempè rem ipſam cuius eſt habitudo, quae ſi <expan abbr="relatiuũ">relatiuum</expan> accidens <lb></lb>eſſe non placeat, quia ſit ens abſolutum: ad id multa libris ſuperioribus, & dum <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, & ſubiectum <lb></lb>motus explicarentur, diſputata fuerunt, & oſtenſum relationem accidenti <expan abbr="principiiſq́">principiiſque</expan>. </s> <s>non repugnare, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4248"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eam nimirùm, quæ foret interna. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat illud, quae virtute ignis calor non agat, cùm aëris <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> calor <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> præſtare valeat, & prætereà quædam accidentia, vt lumen & motus. </s> <s>ad illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reſpondebo, quod <lb></lb>ſit fieri ab vniuoco, vel in genere, vel in ſpecie, ſic ex equa & aſello fit aliquid, vt ab vniuocis in genere <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eo modo fit ignis ex aëre & terra: nunc dico calorem aëris agere non per ſe, ſed in virtute illius ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4249"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantiæ, ſeu efficientis quod eſt <expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan> in genere. </s> <s>Qui verò norunt lumen eſſe inſtrumentum <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan>, <lb></lb>etiam <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> à cęlo, & aſtris diffundi prędicant quæ <expan abbr="cõmunicetur">communicetur</expan> per lumen. </s> <s>Et motus ita producit <lb></lb><expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>, quia partes <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, quæ ſunt virtute calidæ, exerunt actus ſuos. </s> <s>calor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & vis ignea ineſt in cor<lb></lb>poribus, verùm ſilet & repreſſa eſt; ſed per motum <expan abbr="congregat̃">congregatur</expan>, & aliis modis afficitur quibus quod erat <lb></lb>virtute calidum, exit in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, quaſi ex motu impedientiæ tollantur, aut calida colligantur. </s> <s>ergo non eſt <lb></lb>in eo vis illa <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργητικὴ</foreign>, ſed in corporibus motu tamen, vt inſtrumento ſuſcitatur. </s> <s>Quantum verò <lb></lb>eſt de eo, quae calor in vniuerſo motu agat <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo: mihi prorſus arridet, quae vnus eſt eius ſcopus per<lb></lb>petuò, nimirùm ſubſtantiæ productio: quam non aſſequitur, & aliquando pręſtat qualitatem per <expan abbr="alte-rationẽ">alte<lb></lb>rationem</expan> ſolam, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> peruenit ad formam: id totum eſt per accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> caloris officium in alte<lb></lb>ratione & generatione cauſſa eius quo contendit, idem eſt; diſcrimen exiſtit ex ſucceſſu: nam formæ <lb></lb>ſucceſsio quandoque prohibetur: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ea mox pluribus <expan abbr="exponent̃">exponentur</expan>. </s> <s>Nunc reliquas <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> <expan abbr="perpẽda-">perpenda<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4250"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aut efficientia ſubſtantiæ ſine poſtis interuentu eſt contributa, aut prorſus adempta ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ad eas aliquid dicamus, quibus agendi facultas ſubſtantiæ ſoli tribuitur, accidenti nulla. <lb></lb></s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> mihi videntur eo morbo laborare, quae id efficere velint ſimpliciter quod ineſt cum aliqua condi<lb></lb>tione: eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd nihil agat vltra <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> ſuum per ſe, & ſecundùm conſtitutionem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> naturalem: <lb></lb>at quia pendet ab alio quod plus valeat, ab ipſo ſic regi, & confirmari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt id faciat quod per ſe <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>non poſſet, vt ſi cum viro potentiſsimo mihi litigare non liceret; ope tamen Magni Ducis Etruriæ fre<lb></lb>tus, cum ipſo <expan abbr="litigarẽ">litigarem</expan>, & vltra vires meas <expan abbr="agerẽ">agerem</expan>, aut ſi bene affecta eſſet materia, vt eò quaſi ſponte pro<lb></lb>peraret, quò illam deducere <expan abbr="vellẽ">vellem</expan>, velut ſi <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> iura mecum perſpicuè facerent: quorum ille alter eſſet <lb></lb>amicus, aut ipſe non litigioſus ita igitur quanuis accidens ſubſtantiæ cedat, habet tamen ius in ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam alterius ſubſtantiæ quæ actu ſit, opibus fretum & fultum. </s> <s>Quapropter in manifeſto errore de<lb></lb>prehenduntur, dum id quod accidens per ſe ipſum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, etiam nullo modo poſſe opinantur: necnon <lb></lb>quod vno modo non conuenit, quia nullo modo conuenire putant; in alias tenebras incidunt. </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>etſi accidens per ſe non facit; nihil vetat, quin aliud faciat per <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, vt ſi calamus non ſcribit, non id<lb></lb>circo <expan abbr="tollit̃">tollitur</expan>, quin ego calamo ſcribam & <expan abbr="cõmutant">commutant</expan>, vt patet <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> cum modo, vt quo fit, cum eo quod <lb></lb>facit; eſt verò deceptio ſecundùm figuram dictionis. </s> <s>Neque conuincit ſecundùm (quicquid ſit de aſ<lb></lb>ſumpto: nam de hoc ſtatim diſſeretur) ſubſtantiam agere per ſeipſam, nullum accidens flagitantem, <pb pagenum="729"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4251"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt inſtrumentum, quae oſtendit ſolùm actionem pertinere ad ſubſtantiam, quo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modo, nihil oſtendit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> tertium <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> amplius. </s> <s>Igitur ad quartum. </s> <s>Subſtantia generat acci<lb></lb>dens, vt forma, propriam functionem; ergo & multò magis ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Et nos anteà, quanuis docue<lb></lb>rimus proprietates ad formam ſe habere veluti <expan abbr="cõſequentia">conſequentia</expan>, & eſſe actus quoſdam ſecundos, ac ſe ha<lb></lb>bere ad primos, vt ad <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt perfectum ad <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>; etiam Auerrois auctoritate <expan abbr="cõfirmati">confirmati</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita vt nobis negare liceat <expan abbr="antecedẽs">antecedens</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nobis officiat in his, niſi ſit actuoſa poteſtas, fore poteſtatem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4252"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contradicentium, qui <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm in ſingulari ſeparari poſſe credamus, & ab <expan abbr="euẽto">euento</expan> impediri, & eſſe <lb></lb>aliquod genus poteſtatis <expan abbr="ambiguũ">ambiguum</expan>, quod <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> cum actu exiſtat: at ad cętera quæ adſcribuntur, reſpon<lb></lb>demus, effici ſolùm quòd ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> vis efficiendi pertineat, quae autem id ſola per ſe <expan abbr="proximeq́">proximeque</expan>. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>ficiat; nihil ex ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> concludi, quod <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Reſtant nunc <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> rationes qui opinantur <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe vim efficiendi in ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prima ab Ariſt. </s> <s>auctoritate deducitur qui <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> vult agere, qua<lb></lb>tenus calidus, non vt ignis eſt, & ſubſtantia: in quo item argumento duplex fallacia latet, atque altera <lb></lb>quidem, quae ambiguum ea ratio continet: agere <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propriè ſumitur. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mutare qualitatem <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ποιεῖν <lb></lb>ἀπὸ τοῦ ποιού</foreign> .i. </s> <s>à quali, eſt & agere <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>: atqui in proprio ſignificato ſumit ibi agere Ariſt. </s> <s>quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4253"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt ipſius qualis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> verè aſſeueratum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe illud ignis, quatenus ignis eſt, ſed quatenus eſt calidus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde, qui tribuit aliquid calido, quatenus <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> eſt, non accipit accidens ſolùm, ſed cùm eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4254"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> cui propriè conuenit actio, cuius <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, quia ſiquod eſt <expan abbr="prædicamentũ">prædicamentum</expan>, cui tri<lb></lb>buerit <expan abbr="efficacitatẽ">efficacitatem</expan> Philoſophus; illud eſt quantum, quae hoc ſolùm neceſſariò facit actu <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, vt ſupe<lb></lb>riore libro declaratum eſt: at neque id ſine ſubſtantia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quantum vllo modo præſtare: multò igitur <lb></lb>minus hoc efficient reliqua accidentia, & erit illud fallaciæ genus de figura dictionis, quod dialectici <lb></lb>noſtri vocant in ſenſu <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> & diuiſo. </s> <s>Quare ſubſtantia per quantum efficit quantum, & calidum <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, & erunt hæc inſtrumenta, non efficientia. </s> <s>Conſimili ratione actio fit inter contraria quæ <lb></lb>ſunt in qualitate, ſi propriè <expan abbr="ſumat̃">ſumatur</expan>, & ſit alteratio: ſed ſi <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> accipiatur, vt in illis ineſt actio cum <lb></lb>analogia quadam, ſic & contraria per <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan> in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> prædicamento collocabimus. </s> <s>Idem verò eſſe <lb></lb>agens quod generat, & afficit materiam; verum eſt dupliciter, quae idem .ſ. </s> <s>ſit ſuppoſitum, ſiue <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> <lb></lb>quod afficit qualitatibus <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & incudit formam, vt Socrates; in illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> vis ineſt, quòd ſimul <lb></lb>eſt ſubſtantia, quantum, & quale. </s> <s>quare per ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> producet <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, per formam quali<lb></lb>tatis ipſum quale: falſum igitur, quae accidens afficiat per ſe: vel ſecundò afficere eſt mutare poteſtatem <lb></lb>materiæ ſenſilis, quæ iam eſt mutatio ſubſtantiæ; atqui hæc mutatio fit à ſubſtantia, non ab accidente, <lb></lb>ſed tamen à ſubſtantia non ſine poſte. </s> <s>Paullò antè verò explicatum eſt, quemadmodum motus, <lb></lb>& lumen ex virtute cuiuſdam ſubſtantiæ producant ignim, nec per ſeipſa, quod nobis illi doctiſsimi vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4255"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ri probare conabantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> conſtantiſsimè defendamus accidens ſua propria virtute non producere <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, ſed hoc ſubſtantiam ipſam præſtare, neutiquàm tamen ſine poſte.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4241"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4242"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4243"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4244"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4245"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4246"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4247"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4248"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4249"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4250"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4251"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4252"></margin.target>a 3 de An. <lb></lb>T. c. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4253"></margin.target>b 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4254"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4255"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum qualitatum ſit actio quædam propria, nec quatenus ſunt inſtrumenta ſubstantię, <lb></lb>an non. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERGO ſubſtantia ſubſtantiam verò gignit vtens accidente, vt inſtrumento. </s> <s>Sed vtrum'ne <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> qualitates ſunt inſtrumenta formarum, vt ſine his ſubſtantię nihil efficiant: proinde eſt <lb></lb>aliquod munus quod ipſæ præſtent, vt inſtrumenta. </s> <s>ſit'ne item aliud <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> quod per ſe ipſę præſta<lb></lb>re poſsint, id non <expan abbr="cõſtitit">conſtitit</expan> hactenus, & ab ipſis philoſophis ſedulò animaduerſum eſt, idcirco ad plenio<lb></lb>rem <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> motu qui fit ſecundùm qualitatem, officio meo fuero defunctus, ſi de hac re aliqua <lb></lb>ſubiiciam. </s> <s>Quonium verò id ſine dubitatione <expan abbr="receptũ">receptum</expan> eſt actiones eſſe ſingularium, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> formarum: <lb></lb>prohibet hoc, quominus exiſtimemus formas ipſas agere per ſe, & tanquam à materia ſeparatas: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>non quæretur id à nobis, ſed accipiemus problema de calido & frigido quod iam è materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõ-flatum">con<lb></lb>flatum</expan> eſt quæ in genus qualitatis referuntur citra <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> quę pertinent ad categoriam ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4256"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantiæ. </s> <s>hoc eſt, ſit'ne actio qualitatum ſic propria, vt <expan abbr="erũpat">erumpat</expan> ex illo genere actus & poteſtatis quæ ſunt <lb></lb>in qualitate ſola citra <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> opus quod poteſtas & actus in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ præſtant; an etiam <lb></lb>requiratur opera <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> ſubſtantiæ: nam duas ſententias <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> repugnantes in hac diſceptatione <lb></lb>reperio. </s> <s>tum quae ij qui putant primas qualitates eſſe <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas, fateri coguntur eas eſſe <expan abbr="agẽtia">agentia</expan> <lb></lb>principalia, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> inſtrumenta. </s> <s>proptereà ſtatuunt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> legimus apud Simplicium ex Alexan<lb></lb>dro <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> eſſe proceſſum ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> & <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, <expan abbr="req́">reque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſa & fine <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> cum ortu conuenire: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4257"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſucceſſu, <expan abbr="terminorumq́">terminorumque</expan>. </s> <s>proceſſu differre: nam quod parùm fuerit à calore commotum, quia <lb></lb>nondum attigit <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>; alteratum fuiſſe dicitur, ſed illud idem, ſi in calore profeciſſet; aliqua item <lb></lb>ex parte labem accepiſſet in ſubſtantia: <expan abbr="demumq́">demumque</expan>. </s> <s>aliud in eius locum ſuffectum fuiſſet, ſed finis calo<lb></lb>ris erat attingere ſubſtantiam ad quam ſi non peruenit ob ex aliquis, & accidens in cauſſa fuit. </s> <s>tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quae tametſi primæ qualitates accidentia reputantur, non deſunt qui <expan abbr="opinent̃">opinentur</expan> illas agere perpetuò, velut in<lb></lb>ſtrumenta ſubſtantię. </s> <s>valet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> apud eos <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>auctoritas qui contra veteres philoſophos inue<lb></lb>ctus ſit, quae <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> calido & frigido tribuiſſent, & valdè organicè .i. </s> <s>quae ea principia ſumpſerint <lb></lb>quę non ſunt prima, ſed inſtrumenta: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>verum ortus <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> eſt forma. </s> <s>& hęc opinio defenſa <lb></lb>eſt à D. Thoma. </s> <s>Sed certè non tantum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> auctoritas illa, vt hoc nobis perſuadere valeat, ſiquidem ibi <lb></lb>de principiis ortus verba faciat Ariſt. </s> <s>quę nonnulli ponebant primas qualitates: atqui etſi illorum <expan abbr="au-xiliũ">au<lb></lb>xilium</expan> eſt neceſſarium, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen ſunt principia mutationis illius, verùm forma ſubſtantię: ea verò <pb pagenum="730"></pb>ſunt inſtrumenta: veruntamen nihil de hoc quod in pręſentia quęrimus, ſit'ne aliquod <expan abbr="illatũ">illatum</expan> officium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4258"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab officio ſubſtantię ſegregatum: cenſet D. Thomas: alij negant: nam quia ſpectant duplex <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="primarũ">primarum</expan> qualitatum; diuidunt actiones earum pro ratione <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> ad quos ipſę procedunt: etenim <lb></lb>vel qualitate ſola terminantur, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pertentant ſubſtantiam: quae ſi intra terminos qualitatis ſe cohibue<lb></lb>rint; tum eſſe aiunt prima principia & per ſe, nec <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> officium cum officio ſubſtantiæ eſſe <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan>; <lb></lb>ſi vero tetigerint ſubſtantiam, tum eſſe inſtrumenta ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ignis ita agat, vt modò ca<lb></lb>lefacit ſolùm, aliàs <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alium ignem producat; calefacit primò per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>: gignit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per formam quę <lb></lb>ſit de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> verò, vt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, & per eum primò, non quia pręcipuè, <lb></lb>ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> proximè, vt baculus, quo <expan abbr="ianuã">ianuam</expan> pello, & ita dictum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe, dum ſaporum principia <lb></lb>perquireret quæ in <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> ſolam ſe habent, <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> agere, non quatenus eſt ignis, ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> calidus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Attamen facere non poſſum, quin hoc loco tibi <expan abbr="meã">meam</expan> coniecturam ſignificem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> opinor equidem <lb></lb>mihi facilè datum iri, ſicut actus accidentis non <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan> ab actu ſubſtantię, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> accidentis <expan abbr="operatio-nẽ">operatio<lb></lb>nem</expan> ab operatione ſubſtantiæ poſſe diuelli: quare non calor ipſe calefaciet, ſed ſubſtantia calida. </s> <s>& cale<lb></lb>faciet ignis, quatenus calidus ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan>, non calor. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> & accidens in hoc officio operabun<lb></lb>tur vnà. </s> <s>Cęterùm hoc, vt dixi, facilè dabitur, nec quęritur in præſentia. </s> <s>quęritur illud, vtrùm illa pro<lb></lb>ductio caloris actui ſubſtantiæ prius tribuenda ſit, an actui accidentis. </s> <s>& hoc probandum, quapropter <lb></lb>& id ſic confirmari poteſt. </s> <s>Ita ſe habet operari, quemadmodum eſſe: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> operatio conſummatio re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4259"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum, & ita inhæret in actu primo, vnde eſt eſſe, vt niſi contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> non ſeparetur. </s> <s>At prior eſt actus <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ: ergo prius <expan abbr="operat̃">operatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtabit, quod aliquam veritatem præſefert, accidens in eo<lb></lb>dem ſingulari poſſe antecedere, vt apparet in præuiis affectionibus, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> accidens, dum fit, in<lb></lb>ſidet in ea parte ſubſtantiæ quę iam facta eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> tantum ſolet habere de ipſo vbi, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> de forma, <lb></lb>aut operatio eſt ſubſtantiæ perfectæ. </s> <s>talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> eſt producere ſibi ſimile: atqui talis eſſe <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, niſi per <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> optimè, hoc eſt, ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habentem, etſi <lb></lb>tale fuerit, vt in ſubiecto eſſe poſsit ſine <expan abbr="cõmotione">commotione</expan> ſubſtantiæ, quemadmodum in alteratione <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>; <lb></lb>nihilominus illi <expan abbr="ſupponit̃">ſupponitur</expan> actus efficientis, à quo ipſum pendere probamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> actus ſubſtantię ſim<lb></lb>pliciter illi præcedit. </s> <s>Poteris illò confugere, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> quidem ſubſtantiæ præponi ſimpliciter, vt eius actus <lb></lb>planè requiratur; attamen non pertinere illius <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ad hoc genus mutationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id neceſſariò con<lb></lb>ſequi. </s> <s>dat eſſe: ergo gignit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> dare eſſe multis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> modis euenire <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſubiectiuè, quod materia <lb></lb>formæ præbet, & <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>, vt cuius gratia, quod eſt illo modo, ſi hoc ſit, vt finis: tale item erit inſtru<lb></lb>mentum, formaliter, vt definitio definito, effectiuè item, quod efficienti conceditur. </s> <s>eſt verò generare .i. <lb></lb></s> <s>de poteſtate traducere ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ac generatim cauſſa <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> agit per conſecutionem .i. </s> <s>vt illi, tanquam ante<lb></lb>cedenti .i. </s> <s>ſuppoſito tribuatur effectus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> etſi ſubſtantia dat eſſe accidenti, dat ſanè vt antecedens, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4260"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per <expan abbr="cõſecutionem">conſecutionem</expan>, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem <foreign lang="grc">συμβεβηκὸς</foreign> appellatur, ſed quòd de poteſtate transferat ad actum, <lb></lb>id continuò negabo. </s> <s>Confirmarem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> propoſitum eo fundamento, quae accidens in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> produci<lb></lb>tur; at Ariſt. </s> <s>auctore, generans efficit in inſtanti, atque vbi materia fuerit conuenienter apparata; niſi <lb></lb>olim, cùm de <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ſucceſsione diſputarem; ille locus in <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> fuiſſet expoſitus. </s> <s>Erit igitur ac<lb></lb>cidentis cauſſa ſubſtantia, quia ſine ipſa non poſsit eſſe accidens in officio, vel quòd accidentis <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſu<lb></lb>ſtineat. </s> <s>Sed ego tibi probabo <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſubſtantiæ in hoc munere non eſſe <expan abbr="immanentẽ">immanentem</expan> ſolùm, ſed, vt aiunt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tranſeuntẽ">tranſeuntem</expan>, & accidentis <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> ſpectare, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="auctorẽ">auctorem</expan> eſſe, vt <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> accidens impetra<lb></lb>uit à <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> quòd ſit, ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> obtinuerit, quòd gignatur. </s> <s>Nam quod agit ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſemper agit <lb></lb><expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, neque contrahit in anguſtum vires ſuas, niſi aliquod impedimentum obſtiterit. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>ſummus eius actus eſt agere ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, & proximè propter ſe, præcipuè ad ſpeciei tutelam, <lb></lb>ſed hoc fit per <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> quæ functio tranſiens eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> niſi impediatur, perpetuò ſibi ſimile faciet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc quod plus efficit, minus quoque poteſt efficere; plus verò eſt generatio ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> accidentis: <lb></lb>plus eſt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> dare eſſe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> gignere, dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> gignitur tendit ad eam <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, quam communicat id quod <lb></lb>dat eſſe. </s> <s>Ergo & quod dat eſſe gignit. </s> <s>cùm verò gignere ſit (vt aiunt illi) afficere <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & tribuere <lb></lb>qualitates, vt nos, immutare <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan> per <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>; profectò & gignens alterabit, & efficiet <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4261"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Proinde ignis agit calefaciendo nimirùm, vt ſimilem ſuæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> inducat, & calefacit tantum, niſi opus <lb></lb>ſuum perducere poſsit ad finem <expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan>, qui eſt generatio ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Prætereà res eſt infirma, & nu<lb></lb>gatoria, cùm videamus ignim nunc calefacere <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan>, antequàm ipſum comburat, diſtinguere de cale<lb></lb>factione, & hanc à forma eſſe dicere; illam verò à ſola qualitate: cùm, ſi calefaciendo profecerit; ipſum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit <expan abbr="cõbuſtura">combuſtura</expan>. </s> <s>quando <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cœpit agere ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, aut cur agebat ſecundùm qualitatem ſo<lb></lb>lùm, vbi ipſum ab igni remoui, <expan abbr="priuſq̃">priuſquam</expan> exureretur, quòd ſi diutius ibi commorari permiſiſſem, <expan abbr="exuſtũ">exuſtum</expan> <lb></lb>fuiſſet? </s> <s>certè mihi non fit veriſimile, duas haſce functiones reipſa diſiungi, niſi ſucceſſus, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ſit <expan abbr="ea-dẽ">ea<lb></lb>dem</expan> forma quæ <expan abbr="vtrumq.">vtrumque</expan> efficiat, & promouere <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> cupiat; tamen, proptereà quae materia nondum <lb></lb>apta ſit ad <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> formam, non promoueat ſecundùm ſubſtantiam; nihilominus agat ſecundùm <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, quia ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> inducere nitatur, &, niſi prohiberetur, induceret. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> autem ille co<lb></lb>natus, quia finem non attingit, quæ eſt ſubſtantię permutatio; redundet in accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> primus finis <lb></lb>eſt generatio ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="primaq́">primaque</expan>. </s> <s>opera eſt ſubſtantiæ: fit accidens ex conſecutione & præter naturæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>, curſu naturæ .ſ. </s> <s>impedito. </s> <s>Verùm ſit accidens ex ordine naturę, & illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit ab eo quod genuit: <lb></lb>nam <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> generans producit ſubſtantiam, & contribuit locum, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſimul efficit quantum <lb></lb>& quale: quapropter idem iudicium de omnibus his accidentibus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>factum fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõperimus">comperimus</expan>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4262"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ergo <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ex conſecutione, & à ſubſtantia producitur, & eadem actione, qua ſubſtantia generatur; <pb pagenum="731"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4263"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nec vnquam ab eius actione ſiue imperfecta, ſiue perfecta ſeparatur. </s> <s>Non tollimus tamen, quin aliqui<lb></lb>bus accidentibus vtatur ad <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> propagandum, vt calore: nec tamen <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> huiuſmodi eſſe <expan abbr="cõcedimus">concedimus</expan>; <lb></lb>veluti quae ad faciendam <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> in igni vtatur quanto, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> albedine ad album faciendum, quod <lb></lb>aliquando cenſuit Galenus; ideò negatum eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>quale fieri ex quali: vt ut ſe res habeat; <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <lb></lb>agit vt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> ſubſtantię, ſeu faciat ad formæ productionem, ſeu ſuiipſius <expan abbr="ſpecieiq́">ſpecieique</expan>. </s> <s>tutelam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim par eſt vſus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> accidentium, & quędam faciunt ad materiæ <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>; alia ſemper id ſequun<lb></lb>tur quod de ſubſtantia genitum fuerit: ex illo ordine ſunt primę qualitates; ex hoc quantum, & vbi: <lb></lb>proinde corruptrices illæ habentur: latio dicitur afferre ſalutem: illis afficitur materia ad nouam for<lb></lb>mam, hæc adeſt propenſioni iam factæ, ſed ſiue ſic eſt, ſiue illo modo, nihil agit accidens ex ſeipſo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4256"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4257"></margin.target>c 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4258"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4259"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4260"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4261"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4262"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>2. de an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4263"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Instituitur quæſtio de ſtrato accidentis, & Auicennæ ſententia perpenditur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM viſum ſit, quemadmodum alteratio & quælibet accidentis mutatio ſuapte natura ſit inſtru<lb></lb>mentum generationis & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſubſtantiæ; <expan abbr="ſemperq́">ſemperque</expan>. </s> <s>ex actu ſubſtantiæ pendeat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> duplex ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> ad quod accidentis mutatio pertinet, & id quod à mutatione <expan abbr="nominat̃">nominatur</expan> quod eſt ſubſtantia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum ſecundùm quod mutatio fit, & ex quo mutationis illius termini <expan abbr="ſumunt̃">ſumuntur</expan>, quod eſt vnum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4264"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è generibus accidentis; conſequens eſt nunc, vt perſcrutemur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> termini accidentis ſe ha<lb></lb>beant ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>: quod idem valet, ac quomodo accidens actu reſpiciat ſuum ſubiectum. </s> <s>Cùm verò <lb></lb>ſatis perſpicuum ſit quid de ſubiecto illo quod eſt genus proprium accidentis, ſit dicendum, tum ex iis <lb></lb>quæ olim conſtituta ſunt, nimirùm quòd eſt vt materia, & quae vt <expan abbr="mutat̃">mutatur</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſolùm, rema<lb></lb>net ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, veluti cùm ex colore albo fit niger, tum item, quae verè mutatio accidentis eſt in <lb></lb>tribus generibus quanto, quali, & vbi; in cęteris eſt per conſecutionem: nos ad hęc tria genera <expan abbr="accidẽ-tis">acciden<lb></lb>tis</expan> <expan abbr="ſermonẽ">ſermonem</expan> noſtrum contrahemus, & inquiremus ſolùm de altero illo genere ſubiecti quod eſt <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tia">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia</expan>: maximè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="dubitat̃">dubitatur</expan>, ſit'ne materia: quando ipſa eſt quæ per ſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe quantum, quale, & in loco: <lb></lb>& aliquibus viſum eſt nonnulla accidentia conſiſtere poſſe in materia prima: an ſubſtantia quæ iam <expan abbr="ẽ">em</expan> <lb></lb>actu: ſiquidem formæ accidentis ſubſtantiæ forma perpetuò ſupponatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud à philoſophis ap<lb></lb>probatum ſit, hoc accidens à ſubſtantia diſtare, quae ea <expan abbr="producit̃">producitur</expan> ex ſubiecto quod eſt poteſtate, illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>in ſubiecto quod eſt actu: quapropter ad <expan abbr="exquiſitã">exquiſitam</expan> accidentis & motus <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> id mox agere de<lb></lb>creuimus. </s> <s>Ne verò nimis in <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> excreſcat oratio noſtra, diſſeremus hoc loco de ſubiecto <expan abbr="accidẽtium">accidentium</expan> <lb></lb>quæ pertinent ad ſubſtantias quæ in ſinu & <expan abbr="cõplexu">complexu</expan> cęli <expan abbr="continent̃">continentur</expan>: cęlum verò ab hac tractatione ſe<lb></lb>gregabimus, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe vlla controuerſia de ſubiecto; proptereaque illud <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> quod eſt actu, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4265"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in aliud <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> non <expan abbr="diſſoluit̃">diſſoluitur</expan>, quod habeat <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> poteſtatis. </s> <s>necnon attributa Dei O. M. præteribi<lb></lb>mus; quippe quae nihil aliud, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Deus ipſe ſint; nec inueniunt <expan abbr="dubitationẽ">dubitationem</expan> apud <expan abbr="quenq̃">quenquam</expan> approbatum ſcri<lb></lb>ptorem. </s> <s>Quæritur ergo de ſubiecto <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> quæ inſunt in rebus caducis, ſit'ne ſubſtantia ipſa com<lb></lb>poſita, quod Gręci defendunt; an materia quę capax eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> formarum. </s> <s>Vt hanc dubitationem pel<lb></lb>leret Auicenna, vſus eſt <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> partitione accidentium; nimirùm quae ex ipſis alia formæ comitentur, vt <lb></lb>cogitare; nonnulla ſint adnexa materiæ, velut <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan>; quædam ſint <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, vt iraſci, nere. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <lb></lb>probabile ſit hæc in eo primo ineſſe cuius aſſeclæ perhibentur; dicemus item ex Auicennæ <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> <lb></lb>ineſſe proximè in materia, nonnulla in forma, reliqua in compoſito. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="Auicẽnæ">Auicennæ</expan> dictum illi primùm <lb></lb>confutare <expan abbr="cogunt̃">coguntur</expan> qui ponunt in ſubiecto habilitatem, <expan abbr="poteſtatemq́">poteſtatemque</expan>. </s> <s>patibilem; ſiquidem hæc reſpiciat <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtradicentia">contradicentia</expan> quæ nulla <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> eſſe in forma: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea ſolummodo, vbi adeſt libertas. </s> <s>Nos qui faci<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ſecundam, & ipſam perfici ab actu ſecundo, & hunc ab ea ſi non per ſe, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> ex euen<lb></lb>to ſeparari poſſe: nullum credimus eſſe rationis illius robur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> valeat ad hominum certorum opi<lb></lb>nionem. </s> <s>Veruntamen hoc cum decretis noſtris conſentit, vt cùm ipſa operatio, non eſſentia, ſed con<lb></lb>notato differat à forma, & ratio poteſtatis in ipſa ſit propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & ex impedimento; reuera ſub<lb></lb>iectum non ſit forma; ſed ſi quod eſt ſubiectum, id ſit vel compoſitum, vel materia: quandoquidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4266"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illud ſit verè <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, in quo eſt habilitas & poteſtas, quæ contradicentia reſpiciat, ſed hæc aut ineſt in <lb></lb>ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, aut in materia: iis igitur ſubiecti <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> tribuenda, non formæ, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> analogi<lb></lb>cè, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> attributionis. </s> <s>Deinde non ſedat hęc ſolutio dubitationem, quae materiæ tribui<lb></lb>tur eſſe <expan abbr="capacẽ">capacem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> formarum, vt patet ex 1. de ortu: atqui eſſet capax ſolùm quarundam, & earum <lb></lb>quæ ex ipſa pendent. </s> <s>Tertiò non ineſſent <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> in ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, quod falſum eſſe <expan abbr="mõſtrant">monſtrant</expan> ea quæ <lb></lb>docet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi voluit vniuerſis accidentibus actum ſubſterni qui eſt de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ; ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4267"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò eſt forma. </s> <s>Non me fugit etiam, Bononienſes pręceptores noſtros, & demum collegas, <expan abbr="eoſdemq́">eoſdemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>viros ſapientiſsimos fuiſſe conatos infringere <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> doctiſsimi Auicennæ, & allatam diſtinctionem il<lb></lb>lo nomine demoliri voluiſſe, quae imperfecta foret, quia reperiri poſſet aliquod accidens quod ſub <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> non <lb></lb>caderet, vtputa, calor: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> conſequi videtur, inquiunt, neque <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>: nam quando ex <lb></lb>aëre fit ignis, cùm forma varietur; calor item vnà variari deberet: igitur duo calores. </s> <s>Ita cùm mixtum <lb></lb>ex aëre, & igni confletur; ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> è gemino calore, nimirùm igneo, & aëreo conſtet neceſſe eſt, id <lb></lb>quod abhorret à rerum natura: quandò duo accidentia ſolo numero ſecreta in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto perma<lb></lb>nere nequeunt. </s> <s>Neque item inſidet in materia: proptereaque eadem materia remanente <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> accidens eſ<lb></lb>ſet <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſuperſtes. </s> <s>At id non contingit, vt patet, cùm ſit ex aëre terra. </s> <s>remanet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia quæ <expan abbr="cõmu-niter">commu<lb></lb>niter</expan> <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> formæ ſubiicitur, & <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> interit calor. </s> <s>Sed impetus huius argumenti facilè declinari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>ab eo qui cum Auicenna conſentiat, aut Græcis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm in aliorum <expan abbr="ſnĩas">ſententias</expan> inuehimur, duo ſunt obſer <pb pagenum="732"></pb>uanda, vt aut ex veris ſimpliciter concludamus, aut vt illis viam pręcidamus, vnde ex ſuis decretis obie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4268"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cta diluere queant. </s> <s>neutrum præſtat hoc argumentum: tum quae dubium eſt plures'ne formæ extent in <lb></lb>vno ſubiecto; tum item quae eius animi fuerit Auicenna, quae ſint aliæ formę quæ plus pateant, quàm formę <lb></lb>elementorum, veluti forma corporis, de qua pluribus aliàs: proinde dicet calorem inſequi talem <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> quæ igni cum aëre communis eſt, ſed eiuſmodi, vt non conueniat cùm forma aquæ, vel terræ: quo<lb></lb>circa reſtat in igni, in terra extinguitur. </s> <s>Conſimiliter id quod <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan> duos eſſe calores, vt inde <expan abbr="inferat̃">inferatur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>, eos neceſſariò fore ſimul in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto, & à Græcis eſt receptum, qui putant ex ſubiecto di<lb></lb>ſtingui formas naturales; nec <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="albedinẽ">albedinem</expan> in niue quę fuerit in ceruſſa, & quod <expan abbr="infert̃">infertur</expan>, vt abſur<lb></lb>dum, vel eiuſmodi non reputatur, vel illi occurritur: nam qui elementa in mixto ſupereſſe opinantur, <lb></lb>ij dicunt <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> calores in ſuis ſubiectis eſſe ſuperſtites: alij, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vident oppoſitum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>enun<lb></lb>ciatum fuiſſe, & in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto plurium <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> ſolo numero ſeiunctorum officia perſpiciunt, ve<lb></lb>luti caloris febrilis & naturalis, vel id fieri poſſe putant, vel alterum in altero contineri fatentur, veluti <lb></lb>triquetrum in quadrato & adhuc <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> facultatem <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργητικὴν</foreign> retinere, vt cùm aſtrorum lumen à ma<lb></lb>iore occultetur; attamen remanet & confert aliquid virium, vt vbi Sol & Mars coniuncti fuerint: <lb></lb>Mars <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non aſpicitur; veruntamen acuit potentiam Solis. </s> <s>Latini ſubiecta partiuntur, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſtatuentes, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> & alterum per quod: illud <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="volũt">volunt</expan>, hoc materiam. </s> <s>Mihi, tametſi maximè accedit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4269"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad verum opinio Latinorum, præcisè tamen, nec plenè, & perfectè videtur eſſe pronunciata, quia non<lb></lb>modò tale genus ſubiecti materiæ tribuendum eſt; verùm etiam forma ſub eo <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>, ſiue ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4270"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, ſiue etiam accidentis. </s> <s>Et verò de forma ſubſtantiæ liquet in libris primæ philoſophiæ, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt <lb></lb>nihil ea re poſſet afferri illuſtrius: de accidente item <expan abbr="ſcriptũ">ſcriptum</expan> reliquit Ariſtoteles, vbi monet infiniti ra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4271"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tionẽ">tionem</expan> aſſumere quantum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc verò formæ locum in ea prædicatione occupare ex formæ deſcriptio<lb></lb>ne perſpicitur. </s> <s>nam cui conuenit infinitas, illi conuenit per quantum, quae ſicut album eſt corporis albi <lb></lb>forma, quatenus album eſt, ſic quantum eſt forma ſubſtantiæ quantæ, quatenus huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Verum<lb></lb>eninuerò parcamus illis, quoad poſſumus, & ita materiam ſumi concedamus, quae accidentia pendent ex <lb></lb>omni genere cauſſæ, tanquàm ex materia: ſiquidem ita conueniant, quia ſi hoc ſit, id neceſſe eſt conſe<lb></lb>quatur, qui modus conſecutionis eſt ipſius materiæ proprius: attamen non <expan abbr="illucuſq.">illucuſque</expan> deducitur ſolutio <lb></lb>quæſtionis, quò contendimus: accipimus enim vera ſubſtantiæ principia, & cognoſcere volumus, ad <lb></lb>quæ'nam primò pertineant accidentia, quod ea ſolutio non præſtat. </s> <s>Hæc certè dubitari potuerunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed quoniam ad exitum noſtræ quæſtionis <expan abbr="interueniendũ">interueniendum</expan> mirificè <expan abbr="cõfert">confert</expan> noſſe quem ordinem habeat <lb></lb>accidens ad ſubſtantiam: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>res non ſatis explicatu facilis ob varias ſententias auctorum illuſtrium <lb></lb>& miram grauiſsimorum hominum inconſtantiam: proptereà nos hinc auſpicati rem vniuerſam or<lb></lb>dine aperire conabimur inde ſumpto exordio.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4272"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4264"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4265"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4266"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4267"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4268"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4269"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4270"></margin.target>a Lib. 5. <lb></lb>Lib. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4271"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4272"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De concordia accidentis cum ſubstantia, vbi Simplicij ſententia defenditur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVICVNQVE opinantur id quod eſt, vniuocè complecti vniuerſa prædicamenta non aliter <lb></lb>decernere poſſe videntur, niſi accidens ipſa materia fundari: quandò par eſt omnium prædica<lb></lb>mentorum ratio: quapropter à ſe viciſsim ſeparari valent. </s> <s>Quoniam verò à Peripateticis <expan abbr="approbatũ">approbatum</expan> <lb></lb>non eſt vniuocum eſſe quod eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita perſpicuum eſt inter ſubſtantiam & reliqua ſeriem quan<lb></lb>dam intercedere quam qui dubitat; is <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit'ne ſol, an nullus ſit, dubitare poſsit: <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> ex illis eſt <lb></lb>quod ita cognitum <expan abbr="comprehenſumq́">comprehenſumque</expan>. </s> <s>animis habemus, vt ſtabilis eius opinio permaneat, ac temporis <lb></lb>diuturnitate confirmetur; & vnà cum ſęculis <expan abbr="ætatibusq́">ætatibusque</expan>. </s> <s>hominum conſeneſcat: cùm cæteroqui fictæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="vanæq́">vanæque</expan>. </s> <s>opiniones diuturnitate temporis contabeſcant: protinus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab ortu cogitatione <expan abbr="cõcipimus">concipimus</expan> ali<lb></lb>quod eſſe quòd quantum ſit, quale, alicubi, & olim eſſe aut nunc; & cernimus <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> oculis de ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia dupliciter interrogare licere quid, & cuiuſmodi ſit; & <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> hominum ſenſus, vnde vocum ſignifica<lb></lb>tio traxit originem cui nullo modo repugnari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; prædicationem denominatiuam reliquis generib. <lb></lb></s> <s>attribuit præter ſubſtantiam: ob id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſa materia vnicum ſubiectum ſtatuenda eſt accidentium. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4273"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Verùm eo poſito quae ad vnum ſit id quod eſt; cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de modo quo partib. ſuis communicatur, extet <expan abbr="cõ-trouerſia">con<lb></lb>trouerſia</expan>; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in ea re explicanda ſatis ſibi conſtiterit Simplicius; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nihil alienum à munere meo fece<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4274"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ro, ſi quod tantus vir de illius participatione conſtituerit, hoc loco adſcribam: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> item ex eo perbellè <lb></lb>colligetur quod' nam iudicium de ſubiecto accidentium <expan abbr="faciẽdum">faciendum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur ſtatuit <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> quod eſt <lb></lb>primùm de ſubſtantia prædicari, deinde de reliquis prædicamentis beneficio ſubſtantiæ: ſed interim <lb></lb>teſtatus eſt eſſe ideam quandam <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> per quam ſingulis <expan abbr="cõicetur">conicetur</expan>: nam quemadmodum dicitur ordo <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> quandam <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> de vno primo, deinceps de reliquis: ſic & quod eſt, primò de ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia dici arbitratur, deinde verò de accidente. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de accidente per ſubſtantiam, ſicuti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tria per <lb></lb>duo, ſed poſt duo ab vno. </s> <s>Proinde ſi velit ipſe ordinem accidentis ad ſubſtantiam declarare manens in <lb></lb>hac <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> pronunciabit eſſe ſanè ordinem inter accidens & <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, <expan abbr="prorſusq́">prorſusque</expan>. </s> <s>neceſſarium: nam ſine <lb></lb>ſubſtantia non conſiſtit accidens; verùm per accidens: quia .ſ. </s> <s>non agit radices in ſubſtantia, ſed quo<lb></lb>niam in materia <expan abbr="ſubãſttia">ſubſtantia</expan> pręcedit; eam verò conſequitur accidens. </s> <s>At neſcio quo pacto ipſe <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> ſta<lb></lb>tuat id eam inter accidens & ſubſtantiam ſecreta ratione <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> quæ afferat vniuocationem. </s> <s>Prætereà vi<lb></lb>detur in eo decipi, quae aſſumit ordinem prius de vno dici, deinceps de conſequentib. per <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <lb></lb>notionem: ſiquidem ordo ſignificat habitudinem ſolam inter prius & poſterius; & eſt vno poſterior: <lb></lb>niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> foret vnum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item plura: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ordo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> adeſſet. </s> <s>Eodem argumento vſus eſt Alexan <pb pagenum="733"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4275"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>der <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad concludendum quod eſt, ad vnum eſſe prorſus, nec vllo pacto vniuocum. </s> <s>Verùm & ipſemet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4276"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Simplicius <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> perſpexit huius ſententiæ vanitatem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aliquando confeſſus eſt accidentia exiſtere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4277"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propter ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Non igitur eſt idea <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> eius quod eſt; ſed accidentia ſunt; quia ſint aliquid eius <lb></lb>quod eſt ſimpliciter: quamobrem adepta ſunt <foreign lang="grc">τὸ τί ἐστιν</foreign>, vel <foreign lang="grc">τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι</foreign>, quidditatem vulgò dicunt; <lb></lb>non ſanè ſui ipſorum propriam & abſolutam; ſed quæ ex ſubſtantia pendeat, & principiis eius. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb>quam ille ipſe auctor <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> rem multò antè, & optimè, vt mea ſententia fert, expoſuerat: & quoniam tale <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4278"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iudicium mihi probatur; id nunc proponere decreui. </s> <s>eius verò ſententia, vt magis declaretur, & cum <lb></lb>iis quæ conſtituta ſunt à nob. </s> <s>conuenire valeat, ſic exordiri placet. </s> <s>Triplicem eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan>, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <lb></lb>formam, compoſitum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> accidens eſſe duplex; id quod pertinet ad formam primò, cuiuſmodi ſunt <lb></lb>quædam propriæ functiones; vt ſpheræ tangere planum in puncto aliud quod inhæret in materia, & <lb></lb>formam commutare poteſt. </s> <s>ld quod eſt formæ proprium; non eſt ſimpliciter accidens; ſed ex modo, quod <lb></lb>propter coniunctionem materiæ ſibi accidit eſſe ſeparabile; ſimpliciter tamen eſt perfectio formæ, ve<lb></lb>lut actus ſecundus ipſius habitus, & ſecundę poteſtatis, ex quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> perfectum dicitur indiuiduum ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, vbi ſit in officio, quod ſuæ ipſius formæ proprium ſit, vt dum contemplatur. </s> <s>etenim cuiuſque <lb></lb>eſſe potiſsimum in forma poſitum eſt: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eius perfectio ſimpliciter in formæ perfectione conſiſtit, <lb></lb>quæ ab actu ſecundo non diſiungitur. </s> <s>Hæc cùm ſuperioribus libris vberrimè explicata fuerint, pauca <lb></lb>nunc, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea ſummatim dicta ſufficiunt. </s> <s>Accidens quod eſt alterius ordinis, quae ſub eadem forma cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4279"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contrario commutatur, & per alias formas pertinere poteſt, accidens verè eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm & ſine illo queat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4280"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſeruari ſubſtantia, & ſine ipſa illud item eſſe valeat viciſsim, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>materiæ tribuitur quæ tolerat <lb></lb>mutationem formatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item ſub eadem forma tantiſper afficitur, vt cùm <expan abbr="vinũ">vinum</expan> aceſcere occœpit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hoc vel inſidet in materia, quatenus ad certam formam dirigitur, aut aliunde totum eſt, atque id <lb></lb>vel incertum, & fortuitò ſuccedens, vel etiam propenſionem materiæ deprauans. </s> <s>illud ſolum eſt ex rei <lb></lb>natura, quod ineſt in materia quæ in certam formam inſtituitur, & à nob. </s> <s>reponitur in inſtrumentis, <lb></lb>quib. aut præſens ſubſtantia ſe tuetur, aut noua producitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſi non huic ineſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: <lb></lb>at aliud eſt, cuius naturæ inſeruire poſsit. </s> <s>cętera ſunt, vel caſu, vel præter naturam ſimpliciter. </s> <s>quibus <lb></lb>tametſi ſupponitur actus ſubſtantiæ, tamen ex ipſo non exiſtunt, ſed aliunde tota ſunt. </s> <s>His dimiſsis de <lb></lb>illis in præſentia diſſeramus quæ nos facimus ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="iisq́ue">iisque</expan> pręcipuè quæ in re iam fa<lb></lb>cta quatenus huiuſmodi, conſiſtunt, vt albedo in cygno; raritas in igni. </s> <s>Ea, ſi cum materia conferantur, <lb></lb>eius planè perfectio ſunt, cùm materia ſit poteſtas ordinata ad omnes actus, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ex ipſa & accidente <lb></lb>vnum per ſe fieri poteſt, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex actu & poteſtate, & materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>fit vnum: ſed illud <expan abbr="aduertendũ">aduertendum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſit'ne actus accidentis ab actu ſubſtantiæ natura ſecretus, hoc eſt, vt ſit ordo neceſſarius, & per ſe in<lb></lb>ter materiam & actum accidentis, vt, tametſi forma ſubſtantiæ ſemper intercedit, nihilominus ex ipſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4281"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia ſuaptè vi accidens erumpat, & interueniat ſubſtantiæ forma fortuitò, an & ad eius conſtitutio<lb></lb>nem ſubſtantiæ forma requiratur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> per ſe, <expan abbr="primoq́">primoque</expan>. </s> <s>accidens ſit in compoſito, non in materia; & <lb></lb>id eſt quod in præſentia veſtigatur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera pars problematis ita confirmabitur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> prima con<lb></lb>iunctio eſt ex poteſtate & actu: ſiquidem prima coniunctio illa eſt quæ per ſe eſt. </s> <s>Sed coniunctio pote<lb></lb>ſtatis & actus eſt per ſe, cæteræ ſunt per accidens. </s> <s>Ergo coniunctio poteſtat is & actus reliquis antece<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>Verùm ſic ſe habet accidens ad materiam: poteſtas <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> genus ipſa ſola fundatur; ad <expan abbr="cõ-poſitum">con<lb></lb>poſitum</expan> & ſubſtantiam eſt veluti conſequens; quippe quae ſine poſte ſimpliciter exiſtat ſubſtantia, & <lb></lb>habeat hoc adnexum, non vt finem; ſed quae ea poſita hoc item ineſſe contingat in ſubſtantia, quod ſanè <lb></lb>ſi inde pellatur; nihil detrimenti ſit acceptura: nam ſiue ego ſedeam, ſiue non, haud minus idem fuero: <lb></lb>ſine me tamen illud eſſe nequeat. </s> <s>proinde accidens ſubſtantiæ perfectio non reputatur; ſed contrà ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, perfectio accidentis. </s> <s>Contrà actu accidentis eſt ex actus ſubſtantiæ: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in ſingulis prædica<lb></lb>mentis ſunt ſua <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> poteſtas & actus; & actus ex forma eſt, ex materia poteſtas. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem a<lb></lb>ctus, ſeu forma prius eſt ſubſtantię principium, deinde reliquorum. </s> <s>& actus ſubſtantiæ verè actus alio<lb></lb>rum determinat: <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt etſi <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> prædicamenti propria ſunt actus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poteſtas; ea tamen in <lb></lb>actum <expan abbr="poteſtatemq́">poteſtatemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubſtantiæ reſoluantur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm rationem ſolam; quae imitentur eius princi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4282"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pia, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reipſa, quae ex eiſdem principiis neceſſario; pendeant; & illorum gratia ſint, & ſeruiant, vt <lb></lb>inſtrumenta formarum. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita tria ſunt omnium categoriarum primordia, & <expan abbr="totidẽ">totidem</expan> analogicè, quot <lb></lb>ſunt categoriæ, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> genere diſcrepantia. </s> <s>Proptereà non materia primò innituntur, ſed actu ſubſtantiæ, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> compoſito. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae accidentia ſunt perfectiones materiæ ſenſilis. </s> <s>atqui materia ſenſilis <lb></lb>eſſentiæ ſuperuenit, & aſſumitur ab eſſentia, at verò eſſentia actus eſt: ergo materia ſenſilis adiungitur <lb></lb>ad actum ſubſtantiæ: multò magis igitur accidens. </s> <s>Illud ſanè perſpicuum è ſubſtantia & <expan abbr="accidẽte">accidente</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>non ſic eſſe; quae in eodem ſubiecto conueniant: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id euoluit nob. </s> <s>vniuerſam rationem qua accidens <lb></lb>vnum eſt cum ſubiecto: ſiquidem & ſimitas, & ſapientia Socratis cauſſa ſubiecti ſint vnum; ab hac ve<lb></lb>rò coniunctione longè ad modùm accidentis & ſubſtantiæ coniunctio diſcrepet. </s> <s>Nec planè eſt eadem <lb></lb>copulatio, ac materiæ & formæ & poteſtatis & actus, vel actus ſecundi & primi: quandò actu ſemoto <lb></lb>illius ratio quod habet vim & habitudinem poteſtatis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> peruertitur; ſed indiuidui ratio, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>ma<lb></lb>gis ipſius ſubſtantiæ ſalua remanet accidente immutato. </s> <s>Mihi planè videtur ea fuiſſe mens Ariſtote<lb></lb>lis, vt patet iis qui in prima philoſophia verſati ſunt, ipſum quid eſt eſſe ad vnum, <expan abbr="primumq́">primumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ, tùm deinde accidentium; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt accidentia quidditatem ſuam ſubſtantiæ quiditati <expan abbr="acceptã">acceptam</expan> <lb></lb>referant, ea verò compoſiti ipſius eſt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> accidens eſſe poteſt, niſi ſit in ſubſtantia compoſita, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſit albedo, ſed album, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materia candida, ſed nix & charta. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt non, niſi per ſubſtan <pb pagenum="734"></pb>tiam in qua primò inſunt, illa definiri oporteat: ſi minus; definitio vana fuerit, & poteſtatem nominis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4283"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> rei nob. </s> <s>aperiet. </s> <s>Sed quanuis eorum eſſentia pendeat ex ſubiecto, reapſe quidem ab illo ſepa<lb></lb>ratur, nec certè, quia per ſe <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ſit extra ſubiectum, ſi Peripateticos audimus; verùm quædam pars <lb></lb>eius, quod eſt, cuius, quemadmodum fatetur ipſe Simplicius, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> natura parum per declinet; id, quod ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4284"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi Græci verbis idoneis, <expan abbr="aptèq́">aptèque</expan>. </s> <s>rem noſtram exprimentib. appellare ſolent <foreign lang="grc">ὑφειμένην ὑπόστασιν</foreign>: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ita, vt ſemper in alio ſit, cuius ſanè hypoſtaſeos plures ſint gradus, ac totidem, quot accidentis genera <lb></lb>exiſtunt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> item ſignificatur, ſiquid obtinent proprij quo ſeparentur à ſubſtantia, quod tamen ab il<lb></lb>la <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſegregatur abſolutè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſine illa concipitur, vt dicere liceat totum accidentis eſſentiam, ex eſ<lb></lb>ſentia ſubſtantiæ pendere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen ex toto. </s> <s>Non eſt verò nob. </s> <s>illud timendum, quod Calaber <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4285"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quando verebatur, accidentis eſſentiam fore ex eorum genere quæ inter ſe reſpicerent, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> diſtingue<lb></lb>bat [eſſe in] in eſſe imperfectum, quod accidentis naturam conſtitueret, & in id quod coniunctionem <lb></lb>accidentis cum ſubiecto ſignificaret, hanc verò proprietatem accidentis eſſe teſtabatur, non eſſentiam <lb></lb>& naturam: fallebatur autem, quae proprietas initium habet eſſentiæ ſuæ: atqui in effectu differentia ſi<lb></lb>milem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> differentiam in cauſſa demonſtrat: ad aliud igitur & accidentis ratio refertur. </s> <s>Cæterùm <lb></lb>nos antea de hac relatione copioſius, & docuimus aliquam internam eſſe & rei, & rationis in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> re<lb></lb>lata numero non differrent; rationis verò tantùm, vbi alterius comparis ratio ſupponeretur, eam quæ <lb></lb>rationis eſt ſolùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſubſtantiæ denegari poſſe <expan abbr="arbitrãtes">arbitrantes</expan>; nam talem ponimus in forma & materia, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4286"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in his & compoſito, quæ rei <expan abbr="rationisq.">rationisque</expan> ſit, ſed etiam ratio primæ cauſſæ illi ſupponitur in gradu entis? <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò cùm accidens vnum ſit ad numerum cum ſubiecto, relationem accidentis ad ſubſtantiam & <lb></lb>rei & rationi interna eſſe cenſemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tamen eam relationem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> habitudinem <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> & <expan abbr="vniuocã">vniuocam</expan> <lb></lb>vniuerſis accidentib. eſſe volumus, quae omnium habitudo ad ſubſtantiam nec eſt vniuſmodi; nec in ea <lb></lb>ſola poſita eſt ratio prædicamentorum, ſed <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> ſingula certum modum quo ſunt, & actus proprios <lb></lb>ſuapte natura diſiunctos, licèt imperfectos, & ſubſtantiæ inhærentes, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> rerum formæ, <expan abbr="varijq́">varijque</expan>. </s> <s>gra<lb></lb>dus ipſius eſſe in ſubſtantia notantur, vnde categoriæ <expan abbr="prędicandiq́">prędicandique</expan>. </s> <s>ratio proficiſcitur: proinde neque <lb></lb>ſimpliciter entia dicuntur, ſed aliquid entis. </s> <s>A tali igitur natura <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s>conditione efficitur, vt vnum <lb></lb>è ſubſtantia & accidente fiat quod eſt vnum per accidens: nam principia quæ ſubſtantiæ ſunt, & ipſius <lb></lb>quid eſt, ordine quodam principia ſunt accidentis quod in illa exiſtit, veluti corpus opacum eſt vmbrę <lb></lb>cauſſa; & per accidens copulari dicuntur, quae prius à poſteriore cauſſam eſſentiæ non impetrauit, ſed tri<lb></lb>buit; licèt & ſecundùm naturam, & per ſe ineſſe dicantur à dialecticis, quippe qui rerum nexum non <lb></lb>obſeruent, ſed rationis, vt ſi hoc ſit; & illud neceſſariò conſiſtat in quo eſt; & doctrinæ, qua ſanè quid, <lb></lb>qualeúe quippiam ſit, & veſtigari, & exponi ſolet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ea per ſe ineſſe dicunt in iis ſine <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> non con<lb></lb>ſiſtunt, & quorum auxilio doctrina comparatur: etenim philoſophus ita ſe habet ad album & Socra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4287"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tem, vt Socrate dempto corrumpatur, & oſtendat qualis ipſe ſit; albo diſcedente conſeruetur; quid au<lb></lb>tem, qualeúe ſit philoſophus per album, nihilo plus intelligatur. </s> <s>Eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modo gignuntur acci<lb></lb>dentia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſubſtantiæ forma prius accedit materiæ, tum accidentia conſequuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vnum om<lb></lb>nium mutationum <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ſubiectum conſtituit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed ortus quidem primum & maximè <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4288"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modo autem quodam, nec ſimpliciter aliarum tranſmutationum, quia ſubſtantiam perpetuò compre<lb></lb>hendant qua nitantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4273"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4274"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 50. 56.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4275"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4276"></margin.target>a 1. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4277"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4278"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4279"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4280"></margin.target>d 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4281"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4282"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4283"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4284"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 21. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4285"></margin.target>b Q Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4286"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4287"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4288"></margin.target>c 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Expenduntur ea quæ de ſubiecto accidentis in vtramque partem diſſeri ſolent. </s> <s>Caput VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>APPARET igitur ex his quæ dicta ſunt, accidentis ſubiectum eſſe duplex, materiam .ſ. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tiam">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam</expan> compoſitam: verùm magnum eſſe diſcrimen inter <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ſubiectum, quae ſit actus, & perfe<lb></lb>ctio materiæ; nihilominus pendeat ex actu ſubſtantiæ compoſitæ, & ab ipſa perficiatur: attamen & ſi <lb></lb>illius eſt perfectio; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt perfectio prima, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poteſtas <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in materia ad ipſam pri<lb></lb>ma eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>etenim primò ineſt in materia poteſtas ad ſubſtantiam, deinde ad reliqua: ſic <lb></lb>actus aliorum prædicamentorum flagitat actum ſubſtantiæ, nec ſine ipſo poteſt informare materiam. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4289"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ex hoc igitur eſt accidens; quoniam eſt actus ex actu; & perfectio poteſtatis, quæ nititur alia poteſtate. <lb></lb></s> <s>proptereà natura poſterior eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſubſtantia, tametſi prior ea poteſtate, quam ipſe ſibi ſeorſum præfinit: <lb></lb>quandò ſimpliciter in ipſa materia nihil eſt diſtinctum, idcirco nihil eſt in ea quod à ſubſtantia ſit alie<lb></lb>num, quemadmodum ſuprà oſtenſum eſt, cùm de quantitate interminata loqueremur. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>philoſophi hunc ordinem obſeruantes accidentia tribuunt ſubſtantiæ compoſitæ, & Ariſt. </s> <s>ea ſemper <lb></lb>in ſubſtantia compoſita collocauit. </s> <s>& cùm ea ſit accidentis conditio, vt ſemper exiſtat in ſubſtantia <expan abbr="cõ-poſita">con<lb></lb>poſita</expan>, tametſi accidentis productio nonnunquam productioni ſubſtantiæ præcedit, vt ab ortus initio <lb></lb>ferunt de præuiis affectionib. quæ inſunt præter naturam, nec dum violata ſubſtantia, quia ſic eſt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>natura: hunc ordinem nob. </s> <s>exprimunt potius qui eſt originis, quàm illum quem ſeruat natura, dum <lb></lb>generat hanc vel illam ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>quae aut tum prius ſubſtantia gignitur, ſi non tempore, ſaltem natu<lb></lb>ra, aut accidentis mutatio fit circum ſubſtantiam quæ iam genita fuerit, aut prorſus exiſtat: nunquam <lb></lb>illam nudæ materiæ videntur adſcribere. </s> <s>Proptereà dictum eſt ab Ariſtotele materiam eſſe ſubiectum <lb></lb>primum generationis, quodammodo verò reliquarum mutationum; quae fierent circum <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan>; nec <lb></lb>fieret ens ſimpliciter, ſed quale, vel quantum. </s> <s>ſic de actu ſubſtantia prædicantur, quae in ipſa exiſtunt: & <lb></lb>cùm in ſyllogiſmis & demonſtrationib. quæratur an ſint, & cur, ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiecto tribuuntur: <lb></lb>verùm quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cauſſam, cur ſint ex ipſa ſubſtantia ducunt; per ſubſtantiam definiuntur, & pro differentia <pb pagenum="735"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4290"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantiam ſumunt ſic naturæ ordine poſtulante, qui maximè obſeruari debet in orationibus quibus <lb></lb>doctrina <expan abbr="cõparatur">comparatur</expan>: nam <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> differentia determinat genus, vt actus materiæ <expan abbr="ſuperueniẽs">ſuperueniens</expan>, <lb></lb>ſic actus <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> præfinit accidens, & illud <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> deducit ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> effectiuè, at formaliter. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed tamen modus productionis imitatur modum illum cauſſę quem materiæ Philoſophus adſcribit, <lb></lb>nempe quòd hoc poſito illud conſequatur, vt rubigo poſito ferro. </s> <s>Sed hæc alterius loci, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conſilij. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ex hoc explicatur, vt etiam ſe habeat accidens ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vnde ipſum proximè pendet: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ſe habeat ad ipſam, quemadmodum ſe habet ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, locum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materiæ forma videtur obtinere, <lb></lb>hoc eſt ſubiecti, quia tamen non ſine materia poteſt actus accidentis extare: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa omnia poteſta<lb></lb>te; nec forma ſine materia conſiſtit; licèt accidens proximè inhęreat in forma; dicitur nihilominus eſ<lb></lb>ſe in ſubſtantia compoſita, ſed per formam. </s> <s>Cùm verò ad alteram problematis partem <expan abbr="confirmandã">confirmandam</expan> <lb></lb>vtantur qualitatibus conſimilibus quæ ſunt ſuperſtites in re genita, & præuiis affectionibus quæ ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ præcedunt, & iis omnibus quibus fieri probatur reſolutio ad materiam primam, & eas conſi<lb></lb>miles qualitates ex communi quadam forma proficiſci poſſe docuerimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> affectiones præuias in<lb></lb>niti forma antecedente, necnon vltimum non eſſe rei quæ corrupta eſt, conuenire cum primo eſſe rei <lb></lb>quæ gignebatur, nec vnquàm <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> forma exui poſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſatis liquet <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> proximum <lb></lb>eſſe formam, & compoſitum, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> verò remotum. </s> <s>Reſtant illa quæ ſuperiore capite recitauimus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4291"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad quæ item patet exitus ex decretis: ſiquidem, etſi accidens habet rationem actus ad materiam, & <lb></lb>coniunctio poteſtatis & actus ſunt per ſe, nihilominus è poteſtate materiæ & accidentis actu non fit <lb></lb>vnum per ſe proximè, ſed per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, non autem proximè: quandò poteſtas ad accidens non eſt po<lb></lb>teſtas ſimpliciter, ſed in materia per ſubſtantiæ formam, nec actus accidentis ſimpliciter actus, verùm <lb></lb>actus cui quidam alius actus ſupponatur. </s> <s>At verò quod contrà opponitur accidens actu ſubſtantia <lb></lb>fundari, non tollit, quin materia remotè, & interuentu formæ quæ ſubſtantiam conſtituat, ſit acciden<lb></lb>tis ſubiectum. </s> <s>Quam obrem paucis hiſce verbis hoc theorema comprehendi poterit. </s> <s>Ex materia & <lb></lb>accidente vnum fieri per ſe, ſed remotè. </s> <s>Ex forma & accidente fieri vnum proximè, ſed non per ſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex ſubiecto & accidente ſi qua ineſt, ſpectaueris, vnum proximè fit, ſed remotè, quia per cauſſam; cùm <lb></lb>verò cauſſa protendatur vltra eſſentiam, fit è ſubſtantia compoſita & accidente vnum per accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atenim ſi accidens eſt perfectio materiæ ſenſilis, & ex materia ſenſili efficitur indiuiduum; profectò <lb></lb>erit etiam perfectio indiuidui: ſic accidens erit natura prius quàm ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Hic eſt quòd & ante<lb></lb>cedens aduertamus, & id quod ex eo conſequitur: cùm enim ſumitur accidens eſſe ſubſtantiæ com<lb></lb>poſitæ perfectionem; in eum ſenſum ſic accipi debet, vt non credamus accidens eſſe illius actum, vt <lb></lb>formam ponimus eſſe materiæ, ſed quòd tum bene ſe habet, vbi illa obtinuerit quæ ſuæ naturæ con<lb></lb>ueniant; ſic enim melius ſe cuſtodit: quare ſunt perfectiones; non ſanè quòd priora ſint natura; ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4292"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rùm vt <expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan> formæ & eſſentiæ quaſi, quae habeat bonum, & illud etiam quo tale bonum tueatur, <lb></lb>vt ſiquis militem fortem perfectum eſſe dicat, cùm omnibus ſuis armis ornatus incedit: etenim aduer<lb></lb>ſus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> impetus eſt paratus, & tamen arma ſunt inſtrumenta. </s> <s>Perfectio igitur quę <expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan> ab accidente, <lb></lb>non eſt ſui ipſius gratia, ſed reſpicit formam, & eo nomine ſibi perfecti rationem vendicat, quae ordina<lb></lb>tur ad id quod ex ſe ipſo perfectum eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ſolùm, verumetiam ab ipſo deſcendit, & ibi æquiuocè <lb></lb>perfectio, quia ſignum perfectionis, & effectiuè, non cauſſaliter, vt olim de perfectione compoſiti diſ<lb></lb>ſerentes oſtendimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non eſt cur opinemur accidens ſic eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> compoſitæ perfectionem, <lb></lb>vt eam ſolam reſpiciat, & ſit eius veluti principium quoddam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt gratia formæ, & eſt ex ipſa <lb></lb>forma. </s> <s>Tum prætereà ponatur, vt eſt, accidentis eſſe actum quendam, & perfectionem eius poteſta<lb></lb>tis, ex qua exiſtit indiuiduum: nihilomagis eſt ſubſtantiæ compoſitę principium: quandò eſt actus <lb></lb>materiæ ſenſilis, & indiuiduę quæ excluditur eſſentia, & eſt perfectio in ipſa ſubſtantia compoſita ma<lb></lb>teriæ priuilegio, non per ſe ipſam, vt dictum eſt, interuentu formæ, quæ reſpicit ſubſtantiam, non pro<lb></lb>ximè: quæ ſanè omnia prohibent, quominus arbitremur ex indiuiduo & accidente fieri vnum per ſe, <lb></lb>velut è materia & forma, & poteſtate & actu, & natura prius eſſe quàm ſubſtantiam, ſed planè acci<lb></lb>dens eſt conſequens ad ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Sic igitur de accidentis ſubiecto vniuersè conſtitutum ſit nobis.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4293"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4289"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4290"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4291"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4292"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4293"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur an duo accidentia quæ numero differant, in eodem ſubiecto conſistere <lb></lb>valeant. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVOD duo accidentia ſpeciei eiuſdem, <expan abbr="ſoloq́">ſoloque</expan>. </s> <s>numero differentia in eodem ſubiecto non conſi<lb></lb>ſtant vulgò receptum eſt. </s> <s>quanquam <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Ariſtotelis <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auctoritate munitum, quae pronunciarit illa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4294"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe diuerſa quæ ſunt in eadem ſubſtantia, quaſi ſi eadem ſint, conſiſtere nequeant. </s> <s>Tamen de hoc ni<lb></lb>hil ab Ariſtotele decretum eſt, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>dicti longè alius eſt ſenſus, nam pertinet ad eas ſubſtantias quæ <lb></lb>ſub eadem ſpecie numero <expan abbr="ſegregãtur">ſegregantur</expan>, veluti Callias, & Socrates. </s> <s>hęc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit, eadem eſſe ſpecie, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ſumit ibi vt ſubiectum, verùm vt eſſentiam. </s> <s>Sed planè perſuadet ipſa natura, cùm fruſtra <lb></lb>ſuperadiectum videatur eſſe ſecundùm, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aut eſt gradus æqualis, aut minoris, aut maioris, ſi re<lb></lb>miſsius fuerit, alterius pars efficitur, ſi intentius, alterum continet vt partem, ſi æqualis <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> po<lb></lb>terit ac prius: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nihil efficiet. </s> <s>Sed hoc potuit excitare <expan abbr="admirationẽ">admirationem</expan>, quemadmodum calor febrilis <lb></lb>in animalis corpore conſiſtat, diuerſos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eos eſſe dictat ratio quæ ſumitur ab <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> officiis: etenim <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> adſunt opera ſeparata, coctiones, ſenſus integri, ratio firma quæ vtuntur calore natiuo, atque <lb></lb>illo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vegeto, acredo in tactu, & intentio quæ ſunt ex calore febrili. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> dicebat Alexan <pb pagenum="736"></pb>der in ſuo commentario de febribus vnum eſſe calorem febrilem nempe innatum qui iam conuerſus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4295"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in igneum fuerit, ideſt, multo intentior factus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> naturalis temperies corporis poſtulet. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cum con<lb></lb>tineat in potentia <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> natiuum, ſicuti quartus gradus continet <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan>, vel trigonum retragonus, opa <lb></lb>caloris febrilis exequitur & naturalis ynà. </s> <s>Cęterùm, etſi hæc <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> à doctiſsimis viris approbata eſt; <lb></lb><expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen mihi ſatis arridet; quippe quae nouerim ſemper naturam agere pro ſummo ſuæ virtutis: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vbi in partem degeneret, ſicuti tertius gradus in quartum, pro quarti <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> agere: at vbi vnum <lb></lb>alterum contineat, & munus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ſeparatum conſeruetur, & ea pars, licèt habeat ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> materię <lb></lb>rationem; nihilominus actum ſuum non amittat: <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> perhibebo multas eſſe ſpecies, non vnam. </s> <s>Hic <lb></lb>diſtinguendum eſſe opinor de calido: etenim eſt primus fomes caloris, ſiue ſit ille natiuus, ſeu febrilis. <lb></lb></s> <s>vterque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habet <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quandam ſubiectam in qua conſiſtit, vt natiuus ſemen, qui animali conſti<lb></lb>tuto comprehenditur in corde; febrilis ſpiritus humores ſiue intra vaſa, ſiue extra. </s> <s>& partes ſolidas, ſi <lb></lb>prouehatur. </s> <s>Eſt & ille qui influit ab hoc, & fertur quaſi ſine materia per vniuerſum corpus, & in eo <lb></lb>potius ineſt <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ παθὸς</foreign>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt in proprio ſubiecto, de <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> ſeparatim eſt dicendum, de primo autem <lb></lb>in primis agamus. </s> <s>Ego verò quemadmodum decreui lib. 6. cùm de formarum multitudine agerem; <lb></lb>abſurdum non habebo contineri tunc in corpore duos calores, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> in hectica ſolùm quae tum <lb></lb>verè calor natiuus conuerſus eſt in febrilem, & prout in aëre duplicem calorem in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> puncto tem<lb></lb>poris obſeruo: alterum naturalem per quem eſt aër, & alterum à radiorum feruore illatum ſic, vt hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4296"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diſcedente remaneat proprius, aliter nullo generante nouus exortus fuiſſet; ita & in corpore noſtro <lb></lb>adeſt vnus proprius, vnde vita exiſtit, alter aduentitius, qui etiam illo ſaluo diſcedit. </s> <s>aut ſuperans labefa<lb></lb>ctat, ac <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> interimit, tametſi per accidens eo planè modo quo maior flamma tollit minorem. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>ſunt duæ diuerſæ ſubſtantiæ, & quemadmodum ſpecie diſtinguuntur, ſic etiam numero eoſdem eſſe <lb></lb>nego, & ſubiecto <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eoſdem eſſe profiteor, ſed ſimpliciter non item. </s> <s>Nam quae ſpecie diſtinguantur <lb></lb>ex eo conuincitur, quia ſi Ariſtotelem ſectamur in Pręd. </s> <s>natiuus eſt in prima ſpecie patibilis qualita<lb></lb>tis, ſicut in melle dulcedo; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> exoritur ex perpeſsione, febrilis eſt in prima ſpecie, & affectio po<lb></lb>tius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> qualitas, cùm extrinſecùs accedat, & perpeſsione in ſubiecto præcedente naſcatur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>perpeſsione procedente confirmetur, vel ſi ipſum audimus in 2. de part. anim. </s> <s>natiuus eſt natura & ha<lb></lb>bitus, alter ille perpeſsio. </s> <s>Cęterùm, inquies, ſunt eadem ſubiecto; ergo & numero. </s> <s>Prætereà quæ con<lb></lb>ueniunt in materia, conueniunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in forma: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad aliquid forma & materia; quare habent attri<lb></lb>buta conſimilia. </s> <s>Demum quæ differunt per plus & minus, in eadem ſpecie conueniunt. </s> <s>Conueniunt <lb></lb>in ſpecie, in eodem ſubiecto, in eadem materia ſubſiſtunt: ergo ſunt vnum numero. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nobis in me<lb></lb>moriam redeundum eſt in materia geminam eſſe poteſtatem: alteram quæ propria eſt prædicamenti <lb></lb>qualitatis ex qua exiſtit alteratio, ſecundùm quam fit quale tantùm: <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> multò interiorem, quæ <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſequitur <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> de prędicamento ſubſtantiæ, ſicut in aëris productione contingit. </s> <s>nam quod dat for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4297"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mã">mam</expan>, dat illi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> debitum calorem: ſic euenit in animali. </s> <s>eſt igitur ille febrilis <foreign lang="grc">ἐπιπόλαιος</foreign>, quaſi in <lb></lb>ſuperficie, ille ſe condidit interius. </s> <s>Quare dicimus, in materiæ duo conſiderari, <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan> & gradum <lb></lb>materiæ, quae ſcilicet occupet <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & quae hoc; vel illo modo occupet. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> numero <lb></lb>fit quod vnica materiæ portione <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>, at verò <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> numero extrinſecus per <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan>, aut quia ſibi <lb></lb>ſupponat <expan abbr="eũdẽ">eundem</expan> materiæ <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>; & intrinſecùs <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="eãdẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſibi ſupponit, ex gradu <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materiæ, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> extentione <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> eſſentiæ <expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan>. </s> <s>ldcirco ſubiecto & extentione ſunt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, <expan abbr="neutiquã">neutiquam</expan> tamen <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> numero <lb></lb>ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Poſſet item diſtingui ſubiectum, quae <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="denominet̃">denominetur</expan>, vt Socrates febriens, alterum cui in<lb></lb>hęreat paſsio, vt ſpiritus, vel humores. </s> <s>Quamobrem etiamſi demus Socratem denominari viuens à <lb></lb>calore natiuo, & febriens à febrili; tamen ſubiectum inhęſionis poteſt eſſe diuerſum. </s> <s>vt ſi natiuus in <lb></lb>corde contineatur, febrilis in humore. </s> <s>at quae ſint idem numero propriè, flagitat idem <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ſubiectum, <lb></lb>ſi minus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> eſſent idem numero, cum in eodem ſingulari; pro diuerſis partibus exiſtant. </s> <s>Et pla<lb></lb>nè vitalis in corde eſt, nec facilè <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan> à quouis: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tolerat <expan abbr="inſignẽ">inſignem</expan> <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> lęſionem, ſed deperit <lb></lb>valde affectus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic non in vniuerſo corde diffuſus eſt, ſed in dextro ſinu: idcirco etiamſi calor fe<lb></lb>brilis occupet cor; non neceſſariò <expan abbr="cõprehendit">comprehendit</expan> eam partem, in qua vitalis collocatur. </s> <s>Quare etiam ſic <lb></lb>numero diſtinguuntur <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> calores. </s> <s>Ex dictis <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> apparet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eandem eſſe caloris <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> materiam, <lb></lb>quippe quae aliter inſideat in materia calor natiuus, atque febrilis, & ille plures gradus eius obtinuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4298"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sed cùm ex materię gradibus poteſtas materiæ varietur, & de remota & propinqua iudicium ex hoc <lb></lb>ordine graduum fiat, perſpicuum eſt non eandem eſſe materiam <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> proximam; à proxima verò <lb></lb>ſpecies determinari ſolet, vt ſi homo producatur ex aliis gradibus materiæ præcedentibus eſt planta, <lb></lb>aut animal, ex vltima homo. </s> <s>Ad vltimum duplex exitus ſuccurrit. </s> <s>nimirum per <foreign lang="grc">ἔνστασιν</foreign>; negamus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ad hæc pertinere plus & minus: nam quæ ſunt huiuſmodi, in vniuoco conueniant oportet. </s> <s>non con<lb></lb>ueniunt autem eo, quae maior hic quàm ille calor; ſed copioſior natiuus, acrior febrilis. </s> <s>Aut etiam per <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀντιπαράστασῖν</foreign>, concedendo hæc per plus minusúe differre. </s> <s>Sed vbi res poſita eſt in certa ratione; <lb></lb>effici, vt vbi ea ratio commutetur, non eiuſdem ſpeciei ſint quę conferuntur. </s> <s>in certa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ratione po<lb></lb>ſitus eſt calor natiuus qua ſi excedat, euadit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturalis. </s> <s>Id verò cùm multò ante ex Theophraſto & <lb></lb>Simplicio nob. </s> <s>explicatum fuerit, nunc ad præſentem difficultatem tollendam ſine longis ambagibus <lb></lb>aſſumatur. </s> <s>Tranſéo nunc ad alterum calorem qui ineſt per affectionem, & influit ab eo quem primo<lb></lb>genium facimus, in vniuerſum corpus, & hos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diuerſos eſſe perſuadebit, quae diuerſorum ſuppoſito<lb></lb>rum diuerſas actiones eſſe neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>idem ſubiecto ſint actio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpeſsio, à diuerſis igitur <lb></lb>ſuppoſitis ſiue efficientib. exiſtent diuerſę perpeſsiones, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à diuerſis ignibus diuerſa lumina de <pb pagenum="737"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4299"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riuantur: ſic <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> ſaluis opera diuerſa præſtari poſſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hîc licet tibi dicere febrilem qui maior <lb></lb>eſt, continere minorem: ſiquidem vincet ille natiuus, cùm ſit efficacior eo, quae plus inualuit in materia, <lb></lb>cùm ſit alter in ſuperficie. </s> <s>Prętereà maior effectus conſequi ſolet, vbi propenſio maior: ſed in partib. <lb></lb></s> <s>corporis animati maior eſt propenſio ad ſuum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad alienum: ergo maior <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> profectus. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>ſcire conuenit formas eſſe è duplici ordine; quędam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accipiuntur in materia, ſed immaterialiter, hoc <lb></lb>eſt non variant materiæ poteſtatem, & cum ſalute ſubiecti accedunt, quemadmodum lumen, & colo<lb></lb>rum ſpecies in pellucido: accipiuntur alię cum aliqua perturbatione materię, verùm immutata ſola <lb></lb>potentia ad quale; nonnullę etiam cum permutatione ſubſtantiæ, ſed his qualitatib. omiſsis, quae genera<lb></lb>tionem ſubſtantiæ conſequuntur, & nihil ad rem faciunt; dicamus aliqua de primis: vbi ſanè forma <lb></lb>priore modo adſit materiæ, nil vetat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diuerſas eſſe actiones pro ratione ſuppoſitorum, vnde <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan> <lb></lb>ab initio: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formæ ſimpliciter; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> per ſe ipſas omnino diſtinctæ, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> oppoſitæ in eo<lb></lb>dem ſubiecto conſiſtant, veluti ſpecies albi & nigri in medio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecum pugnent; quoniam tametſi <lb></lb>pugna eſt inter contrarias formas; nihilominus tum exercetur, cùm ſunt in materia in qua poteſtas <lb></lb>eſt ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> Ergo in formis omnis diſtinctio & conciliatio naſcitur ex abſentia materiæ: pone mate<lb></lb>riam; iam aderit pugna inter contraria, & inter ſimilia concordia quæ pręſto eſt ibi, vbi intercedat ra<lb></lb>tio poteſtatis & actus. </s> <s>propter hæc enim è pluribus vnum fieri ſolet, id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> bifariam contingit, vel plu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4300"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ribus æquè ad idem officium concurrentib. ſicut elementis ad mixturam, & remigibus ad nauim mo<lb></lb>uendam, vel quòd vnum ex his ſit princeps, alterum ſecundarium, veluti cùm eadem actio naſcitur <lb></lb>ab efficiente, & inſtrumento, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum vnum fit vt pars alterius, vbi .ſ. </s> <s>eſt plus & minus. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb>in formis quæ cum aliqua materiæ perpeſsione inſunt, & plus & minus adeſt, ex plurib. fit vnum. </s> <s>Illa <lb></lb>item obſeruanda in calore natiuo, materia ſubiecta, & forma quæ eſt ipſe calor, quòd ſi materiam re<lb></lb>ſpexeris; certè alia eſt caloris vtriuſque materia, quando materia natiui mollis eſt, & temperata, febri<lb></lb>lis autem aëris, & intenta. </s> <s>Quare materialiter differunt. </s> <s>At verò ſi caloris vnius merita ſpectaueris, <lb></lb>ita eiuſdem ſpeciei, & rationis eſſe videntur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>vbi conueniant in ſubiecto, vnus eſt eorum ſenſus, <lb></lb>ſicut etiam vnum ſubiectum: hinc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pendet vnum ad numerum quod eſt ſenſile: nam quae à diuerſis <lb></lb>principiis oriatur, hoc eſt ex euento, & extrinſecùs multiplicat <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>. </s> <s>Quia verò exiſtimatur quod <lb></lb>plures materiæ gradus occupauit intentius eſſe, & verò aſſeritur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>: conſiderandum tamen eſt qualita<lb></lb>tem aliquam geminam habere latitudinem, vel ſimpliciter, vt puta, calor vſque ad octauum gradum, <lb></lb>qui ipſius eſt flammæ, vel ad formam cum qua conſiſtit, cuius .ſ. </s> <s>eſt natura. </s> <s>omnis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> forma eſt ex cer<lb></lb>ta materia quæ gratia illius eſt, & ſi hanc formam acceptura ſit, etiam talis exiſtat oportet. </s> <s>Nunc & in <lb></lb>materia propenſio, & inſinuatio formæ, <expan abbr="pluriumq́">pluriumque</expan>. </s> <s>graduum poſſeſsio ſecundùm naturam non ex ce<lb></lb>dit eo termino quo forma conſiſtit, & quicquid eſt citra hunc terminum quo termino propinquius, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4301"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> plus inualuit in materia, & in materia ipſa propenſio maior, & efficacior actio procedit, non <lb></lb>quidem ſimpliciter. </s> <s>ſed pro natura talis formæ, cuius <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vires ſi à cauſſa violante ſuperentur, non erit <lb></lb>abſurdum. </s> <s>Exempli cauſſa ſit aliquid producendum in loco ſuperiore quod occupet aquæ <expan abbr="ſuperficiẽ">ſuperficiem</expan>, <lb></lb>velut aër, natura talem materiam apparabit ex qua naſcatur conſecutio loci illius, & ita promouebit, <lb></lb>vt aſſequi poſsit eum locum faciendo graue, <expan abbr="illoq́">illoque</expan>. </s> <s>contendet, & quo magis ad grauitatem peruenerit, <lb></lb>eò efficacius aget, in illa ſanè materia propenſio ſumma, ſumma etiam velocitas, attamen <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad eum <lb></lb>terminum, quare efficiet graue aliqua ex parte, non abſolutè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tale, vt mergatur in aquis, nihilomi<lb></lb>nus extat etiam huiuſmodi quiddam quod mergatur in aquis. </s> <s>Sic etiam in materia natiui caloris, & <lb></lb>membris, <expan abbr="partibusq́">partibusque</expan>. </s> <s>viuentis adeſt ſumma propenſio, magna efficacitas, veruntamen certis terminis <lb></lb>obuallata, non ſimpliciter talis. </s> <s>Ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> patet quid dicendum ſit ad obiectiones. </s> <s>Et ad primam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, <lb></lb>quae vnitas non pendet per ſe in formis cum materiæ pertubatione ſuſceptis ex agentib. ſed ex ſubiecto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare committitur in primo fallacia ſecundùm accidens. </s> <s>Lumen autem ex illis formis eſt quæ ſine <lb></lb>materiæ perturbatione informant. </s> <s>quare illius vnitas non ſumitur à ſubiecto, ſed ab ipſamet forma, & <lb></lb>efficiente. </s> <s>Ad poſteriores verò quia non aliud concludunt pręter id, quae propenſio & efficacitas maior <lb></lb>ad certum terminum qui formæ proprius eſt, non ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtabit, quominus ſit vnus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4302"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calor natiuus, & extraneus, quòd in corpore diſtincta <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> officia compareant, vt cum febre arden<lb></lb>tiſsima ſpecies aliqua coctionis, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illi dandum eſt hoc, quae remaneat calor natiuus etiam cum fe<lb></lb>brili ab eo ſegregatus, ſed latitudini temperamenti, cum qua functiones illæ adhuc conſeruari poſſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem vt eò redeat oratio, vnde ab initio deflexa eſt; plura accidentia numero in eodem ſubie<lb></lb>cto non inhęrent, ea tamen conditione, ſi cum materię perturbatione accipiuntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4294"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4295"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4296"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4297"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4298"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4299"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4300"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4301"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4302"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Veſtigatur vtrum potestas in qualitatibus, an ſubſtantijs reponenda ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SEQVITVR vt dicamus nunc quod' nam ſit ſubiectum ſuum ipſius alterationis proprium; pro<lb></lb>ptereà quòd & ſi cuncti qualitatem eſſe profitentur; at illud dubitatur an'ne per vniuerſas eius ſpe<lb></lb>cies alteratio propriè dicta peruagetur, quas aut tres, aut quattuor vulgò perhibent diſpoſitionem, & <lb></lb>habitum, potentiam & impotentiam, paſsionem, & patibilem qualitatem, atque extremam figuram. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem & hoc diſquirebat Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & id quod ipſe approbabat, difficultatis expers <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erat: quin <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4303"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potius reddit nos ancipites, quid de ea quam ſecundo loco numerauimus, ſtatuendum ſit: etenim tres <lb></lb>tantùm ſpecies qualitatis commemorat primam, tertiam, & quartam, à prima & quarta <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> <lb></lb>ſeiugat; ſecundam prætermittit; nec quod' nam eius conſilium fuerit in ea re conſtat, vt <expan abbr="reprehẽſori">reprehenſori</expan> vi <pb pagenum="738"></pb>deatur occaſio data notandi ſummum præceptorem; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> iniuria, quandoquidem vtens <expan abbr="argumẽto">argumento</expan> di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4304"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uidente, quod deſtructis aliis conſequentib. id quod reliquum eſt, complectitur: vnum ex iis omiſerit <lb></lb>quod in eo genere argumentandi vitium maximum; quippe qui ſic concluſerit. </s> <s>Si alteratio eſt; vel eſt <lb></lb>in habitu, vel figura, vel paſsione: ſed non eſt in habitu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in figura: in paſsione igitur: cùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in <lb></lb>coniuncto & aſſumpto de potentia & impotentia mentionem facere debuiſſet; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item ad eiuſmodi <lb></lb>ſpeciem non pertinere, genus illud mutationis oſtendere, aut ibi cauſſam ſignificare, cur in qualitatis <lb></lb>partib. exponendis iam vulgò receptam partitionem ſequi noluerit. </s> <s>Quoniam verò in explicandis ar<lb></lb>gumentis, <expan abbr="eiſdemq́">eiſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>diluendis ratio formæ in primis habenda eſt; nos inde inſtituemus noſtræ diſputa<lb></lb>tionis exordium, vt ſpeciem illam iure prætermiſſam fuiſſe doceamus, ex quo robur argumento, <expan abbr="ple-naq́">ple<lb></lb>naque</expan>. </s> <s>fides conſeruabitur; id autem ex eo colligetur, ſi potentiam non vniuocè qualitatem eſſe demon<lb></lb>ſtremus. </s> <s>quod certè ſine magno negotio nobis non ſuccedet: quandò certamen cum D. Thomæ aſ<lb></lb>ſeclis in eundum eſt quorum ego doctrinam plurimi facio, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſi contrà contenderunt: & <expan abbr="poſtquã">poſtquam</expan> <lb></lb>potentiam numeraſſet in qualitatib. Ariſtoteles poſterius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſilium ipſius, & veteri quaſi repu<lb></lb>gnans defendere ſtuduerunt. </s> <s>Verumenimuero, vt res <expan abbr="euidẽtior">euidentior</expan> fiat, more dialectico quæſtionem gene<lb></lb>ris ad ſpeciem tranſumamus; & quod vniuersè <expan abbr="cõcludi">concludi</expan> volumus, de anima vna proponatur. </s> <s>Ita igitur <lb></lb>ad alteram partem problematis argumentantur. </s> <s>Si potentia non eſſet qualitas; eſſet potiſsimè ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia: verùm ſubſtantia non eſt: qualitas igitur. </s> <s>Subſtantiam verò non eſſe potentiam ſic concludunt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4305"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nam ſi poteſtas & ſubſtantia forent idem; quemadmodum vnica ſubſtantia ſubſiſteret; ita etiam pote<lb></lb>ſtas vna foret. </s> <s>Eorundem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eadem conſequentia ſint neceſſe eſt: at non vna vnius ſubſtantię poteſtas <lb></lb>eſt; quae ſiue ponas animam vnam in homine ipſo quæ brutam virtute contineat, ſiue etiam vnam, atque <lb></lb>illam ſimplicem ſpectes, vt alentem; eius ſunt nihilominus plures facultates ad nutriendum, <expan abbr="augendũ">augendum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> gignendum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Iidemq́.">Iidemque</expan> hoc modo. </s> <s>Varij ſunt animæ vnius actus: ergo per varias facultates, <expan abbr="variaq́">variaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>inſtrumenta præſtantur, & erumpunt ex ipſa: ſiquidem anima per ſe non magis ad hunc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad hunc <lb></lb>actum producendum affecta <expan abbr="propenſaq́">propenſaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur modò cernat, mox audiat anima, patet eam <lb></lb>ab organis, & facultatib. certam contrahere propenſionem, & ad certos actus eorum beneficio dirigi: <lb></lb>& tamen vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubſtantia conſiſtit. </s> <s>Pergunt iidem, & vrgent anguſtius. </s> <s>Facultas, inquiunt, inte<lb></lb>rit anima ipſa incolumi, vt cùm eruto oculo deficit videndi facultas, nihilominus animal viuit. </s> <s>Item ſi<lb></lb>cut ſe habet eſſentia ad eſſe, ſic poteſtas ad agere. </s> <s>Ergo ex commutata proportione, vt eſſe ad agere; ſic <lb></lb>eſſentia ad poteſtatem. </s> <s>Sed in ſeparatis ſolis idem eſt eſſe & agere. </s> <s>ibidem igitur poteſtas <expan abbr="eſſentiaq́">eſſentiaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõ-ueniunt">con<lb></lb>ueniunt</expan>, in cęteris non item. </s> <s>Proinde Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etiam alibi conſimiliter in<gap></gap>uæ docuerat prædicamentis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4306"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hanc ſpeciem reponit in qualitatibus. </s> <s>Attamen ex altera parte nob. </s> <s>ſuccurrunt quæ opponamus. </s> <s>Pri<lb></lb>mùm, quoniam idem eſt principium, vt res ſit, & aliquid agat. </s> <s>At principium cur ſit res, eſt forma: & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4307"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principium igitur cur res ipſa quippiam agat. </s> <s>At qui principium cur res agat, poteſtas ipſa eſt: ergo <lb></lb>forma eſt ipſamet poteſtas. </s> <s>Et verò hęc eadem eſſe oportet, ſi eadem definitione potiuntur. </s> <s>Idem verò <lb></lb>eſſe principium quòd ſit res, & quòd agat, vt paucis perſtringam, atque concludam preſsius; ex illo <lb></lb>confirmatur quod libris ſuperioribus longa oratione per actum eſt: nimirum agere, ſiue operari in <lb></lb>habentibus operationem pro eodem ſtare quod eſſe, vt tum verè ſit res, cùm eſt in officio: ac quod <lb></lb>nihil agit, prorſus non eſſe videatur. </s> <s>Prætereà primus actus & poteſtas ſecunda quæ proximum <lb></lb>principium functionis eſt, in idem conueniunt: quod enim à ſecunda poteſtate functionem ſegregat; <lb></lb>id omne extrinſecùs eſt; nec huius ablatio principium functionis eſt, niſi per accidens. </s> <s>Sed anima <lb></lb>eſt actus primus, à quo remotis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> impedimentis functio proximè proficiſcitur, vita .ſ. </s> <s>& munus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <lb></lb>viuentis: at hoc nihil aliud profectò eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſſe poteſtatem. </s> <s>Quare conficietur ex his <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> <lb></lb>reipſa non diſiungi. </s> <s>Quid certè de tam grauibus auctoribus <expan abbr="tantiq́">tantique</expan>. </s> <s>ponderis argumentis iudicandum <lb></lb>ſit, noſſe arduum eſt, nec ſine periculo. </s> <s>Veruntamen hanc <expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> ego ſemper approbaui, cùm <lb></lb>quia tribueretur Alexandro, & aliquando fuiſſet ab Auerroë <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> defenſa. </s> <s>tum item quae videretur ea magis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4308"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuiſſe perpetua <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> ſummi philoſophi. </s> <s>Nam præter illa ad idem hæc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> valent, quae dempto acciden<lb></lb>te ſubſtantia non perimitur: agendi verò facultate ſublata tollitur è veſtigio: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> acumine ſublato <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4309"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecuris interit, & quòd manus amputata non eſt, niſi ſolo nomine manus, non ob aliud, niſi quòd vis <lb></lb>agendi, quatenus eſt huiuſmodi, ab ea ſegregata eſt. </s> <s>Vnde liquet ipſam facultatem ab accidentis inge<lb></lb>nio prorſus abhorrere, & accedere ad ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Quoniam verò è formis & ſubſtantiis quædam <lb></lb>prorſus à materia ſeparantur: aliæ ſeparari non poſſunt, quia de ſubſtantiis ſeparatis controuerſia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>extat, quae in illis <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> vno conſenſu confitentur eſſe & poſſe, ſiue <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> & poteſtatem modis omnib. eſ<lb></lb>ſe idem: his dimiſsis de naturalibus agamus quæ non exiſtunt ſine materia. </s> <s>Ii qui tuentur <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> partem <lb></lb>problematis; in medio ponunt locum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> è 7. Phyſ. & ab eius argumenti ſtructura quod nuper attuli<lb></lb>mus, <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> ſnam confirmare nituntur hoc modo: nam cęteroqui claudicaret vno articulo, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>neceſſariò amputato. </s> <s>Quapropter Alexander, Auerroë teſte, dicebat, cùm poteſtas in <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> nu<lb></lb>mero referretur, & anteà motus fuiſſet ab ea ſublatus, ex eadem <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> confectum fuiſſe, vt neque item <lb></lb>poteſtas motui ſubiiceretur. </s> <s>Non me latet, ſocios D. Thomæ, vt vim eius argumenti nob. </s> <s>indicarent; <lb></lb>ſolitos aliter reſpondere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> D. <expan abbr="Thomã">Thomam</expan> ad eius loci explicationem diuerſam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> attuliſſe, quia .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>accepta fuerit potentia naturalis: verùm ex huiuſmodi acceſsione ſignificari opus eſſe, vt immutatio <lb></lb>pręcedat in natura de qua cùm anteà diſſeruerit, Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> perſpicuum <expan abbr="dimittat̃">dimittatur</expan>, & vt iam <expan abbr="cõfutatum">confutatum</expan>, <lb></lb>quae alteratio tentet poteſtatem. </s> <s>Veruntamen hos, meo quidem iudicio, non extricat <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> nodum. </s> <s><expan abbr="quã-do">quan<lb></lb>do</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> figura ineſt in nonnullis corporibus ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt globus in cęlo & elementis: in anima <pb pagenum="739"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4310"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>libus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, & plantis ineſt configuratio naturalis, vt capitis & cordis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt ea variata partis etiam <lb></lb>natura peruertatur: ob id igitur <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de mutatione figuræ verba facere oportebat Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi dicas de figura fieri <expan abbr="mentionẽ">mentionem</expan>, quòd non <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſiquidem corrumpi valeat; vnde <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> medici quandam morbi ſpeciem ſecundùm <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> vocant, at poteſtas naturalis eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> perpetuò: <lb></lb>protinus <expan abbr="opponã">opponam</expan> primas qualitates quæ inſunt in primis corporibus ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>per<lb></lb>petuæ remanent, vt niſi natura <expan abbr="mutet̃">mutetur</expan>, neque ipſę certè deficiant. </s> <s>Ob id <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan>, neque de <expan abbr="primarũ">primarum</expan> quali<lb></lb>tatum mutatione verba facienda fuerant. </s> <s>Sic ſecundùm <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> ſpeciem qualitatis alteratio foret, quam<lb></lb>obrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alteratio. </s> <s>Poteris hîc item reſpondere illas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mutari, plus minuſúe accipere. </s> <s>Atqui op<lb></lb>ponam id euenire qualitatibus iſtis quo ad inſunt <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ πάθος</foreign>, habitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non immutari, ſed perſi<lb></lb>ſtere <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad necem. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ſecundùm eos non erit alteratio, cùm tamen ab Ariſt. </s> <s>indefinitè conclu<lb></lb>ſum fuerit in ſenſilibus ineſſe alterationem, aut ea <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> diſtinguenda fuit, quod tamen ipſi non faciunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Omnino cauſſa quam afferunt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſatis idonea mihi videtur, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> poteſtas <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> ſubit mutationem <lb></lb>citra <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiam">ſubſtantiam</expan>, vt cùm in actum prodire <expan abbr="prohibet̃">prohibetur</expan>: idcirco & de huius mutatione <expan abbr="videbat̃">videbatur</expan> aliquid eſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm cur pluribus in ea <expan abbr="confutãda">confutanda</expan> moror, cùm clariſsimos eius diſcipulos hac interpre<lb></lb>tatione relicta <expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> cogitaſſe ſciam, <expan abbr="putaſſeq́">putaſſeque</expan>. </s> <s>huius membri confutationem ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe dimiſ<lb></lb>ſam, quia poteſtas afferat <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> & relationem: at iam <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> fuerit alterationem ad ea non eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4311"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe quæ inter ſe reſpiciunt. </s> <s>At verò mala quidem illa ſunt, ſed meliora ipſi non faciunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi pote<lb></lb>ſtas ſignificat habitudinem; at <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> præſentat, quatenus <expan abbr="inſtituit̃">inſtituitur</expan> ad actum, non ad illud cui <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubie<lb></lb>cto aſsignatur. </s> <s>Eſto igitur, vt ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua <expan abbr="refert̃">refertur</expan> ad actum, poteſtas ſit habitudo: tamen vt in ſubiecto <lb></lb>radices agit ea poteſtas, non <expan abbr="habet̃">habetur</expan> habitudo, ſed fortè qualitas. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & de hoc ipſo <expan abbr="dubitat̃">dubitatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="contro-uerſiã">contro<lb></lb>uerſiam</expan> præſefert; an'ne cum alteratione exoriatur. </s> <s>& hoc ibi <expan abbr="quærit̃">quæritur</expan> à Philoſopho, nec tamen <expan abbr="numerat̃">numeratur</expan> <lb></lb>in qualitatibus. </s> <s>At quantum eſt de loco illo 7. Phyſ. ſatis. </s> <s>Venio nunc ad alterum multò <expan abbr="illuſtriorẽ">illuſtriorem</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4312"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vbi <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> ſeparat à qualitate, ac dum ſpecies, ſeu partes qualitatis enumerat, <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> non recenſet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà dum poteſtatis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſe dilucidare profitetur: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nam primùm diſtribuit <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> in actuoſam, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4313"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> patibilem; <expan abbr="actuosã">actuosam</expan> ponens eſſe principium tranſmutandi aliud quà eſt aliud; <expan abbr="patibilẽ">patibilem</expan> verò <expan abbr="princi-piũ">princi<lb></lb>pium</expan> quo tranſmutetur ab alio prout aliud. </s> <s>At quod' nam obſecro <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> tranſmutandi aliud, niſi for<lb></lb>ma & efficiens per formam? </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & quod' nam quæſo <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quo <expan abbr="tranſmutet̃">tranſmutetur</expan> ab alio <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, niſi ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4314"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teria? </s> <s>Quòd ſi vis agendi qualitate quoquo pacto tribuenda ſit; ea non erit è ſecunda, ſed è tertia ſpe<lb></lb>cie qualitatis: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primæ illę qualitates <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan>, quibus agere & pati conuenit. </s> <s>ſed his vnis ex<lb></lb>ceptis agendi <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> non eſt qualitas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hoc ita perſpicuum eſt in diſciplina Peripatetica, vt de <lb></lb>illo non ſit dubitandum, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> reddens Ariſt. </s> <s>rationem, cur naturalia corpora viciſsim ſeſe afficiant: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4315"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> id ex eo proficiſci <expan abbr="teſtat̃">teſtatur</expan>, quòd è duobus principiis, actu .ſ. </s> <s>& poteſtate conſtarent: materia nimirùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4316"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& forma: quocirca per formam efficiunt, per materiam verò patiuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> forma eſt agendi prin<lb></lb>cipium: patiendi verò materia. </s> <s>Sed tale principium poteſtas eſt. </s> <s>Ergo cum materia, tum forma pote<lb></lb>ſtates optimo iure <expan abbr="ſtatuent̃">ſtatuentur</expan>. </s> <s>Igitur aliqua poteſtas eſt ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Rurſus efficiens & forma ſunt idem <lb></lb>vniuersè accepta, <expan abbr="numeroq́">numeroque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolùm diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>Atqui efficiens aut eſt tale principium, aut certè per <lb></lb>tale principium <expan abbr="conſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan>, & efficit per ipſum: agit verò per formam. </s> <s>Forma igitur & poteſtas in <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>recidunt. </s> <s>Hæc eſt Alexandri ipſius interprętatio, & planè valde cum Ariſt. </s> <s>ſententiis congruit, ad cuius <lb></lb>item confirmationem magnum pondus acceſsit Auerrois iudicium.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4303"></margin.target>a 7. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4304"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4305"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4306"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4307"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4308"></margin.target>b 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4309"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4310"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4311"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4312"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>Tt. 17. 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4313"></margin.target>b 9 Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4314"></margin.target>c 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4315"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4316"></margin.target>d 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę nos de poteſtatis natura conſtituimus, & obiecta diluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SATIS ad <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem diſputatum eſt. </s> <s>Properemus iam ad <expan abbr="ſolutionẽ">ſolutionem</expan> tantæ difficultatis in qua <lb></lb>multa cenſeo prænotanda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Primumq́">Primumque</expan>. </s> <s>omnium. </s> <s>Eſſe compoſito nil aliud eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> operari ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam. </s> <s>nam tum propriè res eſt, cùm facit <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> ſuum: ex quo efficitur, vt idem reuera <expan abbr="princi-piũ">princi<lb></lb>pium</expan> ſit, quae res exiſtat, & ſuo munere <expan abbr="fungat̃">fungatur</expan>, vt animanti eſſe eſt viuere: per idem ergo principium eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4317"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& viuit, quod anima ipſa eſt ſine controuerſia; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubſtantia ſimul, & poteſtas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò quę<lb></lb>libet forma non ſemper eſt in actu ſecundo cùm impediri poſsit: ideò quoquo pacto contingentiæ ad<lb></lb>nexa eſt, quo fit, vt <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> rationem poteſtatis adepta ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſuperiorem, & habitudinem retineat ad fu<lb></lb>turum, iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtatem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> vocauimus, quod <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> foret, quae res ipſa ſit, & in actu ſecundo <expan abbr="ver-ſet̃">ver<lb></lb>ſetur</expan>. </s> <s>nunc quia functio propter impediens externum perpetuò non adeſt; ſequitur, vt infinitas & no<lb></lb>uitas <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> præſtò ſit, & habitudo ad <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>. </s> <s>hanc nos accidens eſſe planè concedimus, ſed ipſam <lb></lb>collocamus in iis quę ſe reſpiciunt; ſicut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> apparet ex iis quę docuit idem philoſophus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cùm verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4318"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res vna ſimpliciter per vnam formam ſubſiſtat, ab vno autem quatenus vnum eſt; non niſi vnum per <lb></lb>ſe proximè, permanet; ſi fuerit agens naturale, non autem voluntarium; & actuoſum quidem non pa<lb></lb>tibile: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab vno plura per ſe proficiſci remotè; à patibili item & voluntario propter habitudinem <lb></lb>quam huiuſmodi efficientia præſeferunt ad oppoſita, non eſt abſurdum; non vereor aſſeuerare, quin <lb></lb>vna vnius formæ, vniuſque ſuppoſiti functio prima ſit: quòd ſi fortè plures vnius ſuppoſiti functio<lb></lb>nes eſſe videantur, alias omnes vnius primæ miniſtras eſſe affirmo quam reliquarum finem, <expan abbr="omnium-q́ue">omnium<lb></lb>que</expan> perfectiſsimam eſſe ſtatuo. </s> <s>Quamobrem etiam ſicuti finis ea ſibi perſcribit quæ ad ipſum conſe<lb></lb>quendum, vel commoda, vel neceſſaria ſunt; ſic etiam credibile eſt vltimam functionem quæ <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> pro <lb></lb>generis ſui ratione conuenit, alias ſibi præſtituere, & præfinire, & vltimę illius ergo diuerſa eſſe in cor<lb></lb>porib. inſtrumenta quorum item exercitationes varię ſint, vel quae ab anima diuerſis modis agantur, <pb pagenum="740"></pb>vel etiam ab obiectis: & pro conditionib. quæ materiæ comitantur: nam per omnia hæc, cùm diſcri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4319"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mina, tùm perfectionis ſuæ gradus conſequuntur: etenim alens, vt inde petatur exemplum quod ex <lb></lb>ſuperiorib. ſatis apertum eſt; merito obiecti quod eſt quantitas; modo nutrit, aliàs amplificat, & calo<lb></lb>ris beneficio qui ſemper humidum paſcitur, & ſubinde exhalat; etiam minuit: ita vt non ſecus atque <lb></lb>Phębi fax, quæ cùm eadem ſit, & radios eoſdem proiiciat; hęc quidem corpora peruadat, ab illis reper<lb></lb>cutiatur; hæc condenſet, illa colliquet. </s> <s>Ita ignis habet vim calefaciendi, & gignendi alterum ignem, & <lb></lb>calefacit, vt comburat: & ab initio, dum non ita materiam pertentauit; calorem duntaxat incutit: vbi <lb></lb>plus profecit: propriam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> formam elargitur: idcirco <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> varius eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> varias habet poteſtates: <lb></lb>quoniam calefactio via ſit ad ignis productionem, niſi generationem ipſius eam eſſe defendamus, <lb></lb>quemadmodum liquet ex iis quæ nob. </s> <s>olim decreta ſunt; cùm oſtendimus idem eſſe generans, & affi<lb></lb>ciens materiam. </s> <s>quòd ſi ad vltimam formæ inductionem non procedat, id omne impedimento adſcri<lb></lb>bendum eſt. </s> <s>ſic ergo dicendum eſt generatim de ſubſtantiis naturalib. operantur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pro ſummo virtu<lb></lb>tis, & efficacitatis ſuæ gradu; niſi prohibeantur: prohibentur verò, vel quòd materia non ſit ſatis affe<lb></lb>cta; vel ab imbecillitate cauſſarum ſociarum, & conficientium: ita functiones variantur, ſalua tamen <lb></lb>poteſtas eſt: prohibentur verò, vel vt minus, vel vt peius, vel vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nihil omnino agant: inde triplex <lb></lb>actionum lęſarum genus à medicis habemus ablatarum, imminutarum, & <expan abbr="deprauatarũ">deprauatarum</expan>. </s> <s>Ergo functio<lb></lb>num alternatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ab interna cauſſa, ſed ab externa tota proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis etiam infinitatem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4320"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ordinem ad plures actus, quæ pululant ex impedimentis, velit item nomine poteſtatis exornare, da<lb></lb>mus libentiſsimè, negantes tamen eiuſmodi poteſtatis genus idem eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtantiam; ſed accidens <lb></lb>eſſe planè dicimus, & ex eorum genere quæ inter ſe referuntur. </s> <s>Verùm quae mens noſtra <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> à po<lb></lb>teſtate quoquo modo ſeiungit, vt ea diſtinctio probè teneatur, ſcire licet ipſas res multifariam ſepara<lb></lb>ri poſſe, vel ſubiecto, quemadmodum Socrates à Platone; vel per accidens, ſicuti Socrates ſanus à ſe ip<lb></lb>ſo ęgroto, vel re, ceu contraria, quę tametſi circum idem ſubiectum vertuntur, nihilominus in eo ſi<lb></lb>mul conſiſtere non poſſunt, vel ratione, velut ea quæ, cùm ſint in eodem ſubiecto, in diuerſis prędica<lb></lb>mentis, à generib. reponuntur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc vel ſicut accidens à ſubſtantia, vel etiam ſicut accidens ab alio <lb></lb>accidente, ſeu tanquam diſperata, quemadmodum ſpecis, & differentię, quę pariter ſub eodem genere <lb></lb>collocantur, ſiue ratione formali, veluti ſpecies à ſuo genere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> et in homo eſt animal; & per <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>exiſtit, abſoluta tamen hominis eſſentia ab abſoluta animalis ipſius eſſentia ſegregatur, vel poſtremò <lb></lb>res aliqua ſeiungitur connotato, cùm quippiam ſubiecto non accedit quod in numero ponatur, ſicuti <lb></lb>de materia & priuatione dictum eſt; & nos antea de primo <expan abbr="ſecundoq́">ſecundoque</expan>. </s> <s>actu docuimus. </s> <s>Quæſitum eſt <lb></lb>igitur hactenus, an'ne poteſtates ab anima, velut accidens à ſubiecto ſeparentur. </s> <s>nobis autem videtur <lb></lb>eas non ita diſtingui, ſed connotato ſolummodò; quia non intrinſecùs differentiæ ſuæ cauſſas adeptæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4321"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſint; ſed omnis ratio diſcriminis ab externo naſcatur; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> habitudo eſt, quam ex inſtrumentis, <expan abbr="eo-rumq́">eo<lb></lb>rumque</expan>. </s> <s>diſpoſitionib. cauſsis conficientib. & contrariis impedientib. ad ſuos actus <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> res materia<lb></lb>ta contraxit. </s> <s>Ex his verò argumenta obiecta facilè diluuntur. </s> <s>Nam dum Ariſtotelica auctoritate nos <lb></lb>vrgent, quòd in qualitatum ordine collocetur, alteram ex his cauſſam huius conſilij fuiſſe cenſemus; <lb></lb>vel quae Ariſtoteles ibi qualitatis ſignificata deſcripſerit, non eius ſolùm, quæ vniuoca eſt; & per ſe conſti<lb></lb>tuit prædicamentum; ſed illius etiam quæ tali appellatione decoratur propter ſimilitudinem prædica<lb></lb>tionis, & ita dicitur (vt aiunt dialectici) ſecundum figuram dictionis; <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> differentiæ dicuntur eſſe <lb></lb>qualitates, quòd in quale dici videantur; vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd Ariſt. </s> <s>ibi recenſuerit eas quæ ſunt vniuocè, & re<lb></lb>ipſa qualitates, quippe habitus, ſeu qualitates patibiles, ſed modum inſuper accipiant, quae adiungant ad <lb></lb>habitum patibilem'ue qualitatem habitudinem quandam ad externum, more quidem ibi non ſemel <lb></lb>vſurpato: nam calor & habitus eſt, & patibilis qualitas, item rubor in prima, & ſecunda ſpecie quali<lb></lb>tatis non ob aliud, niſi quòd modis quibuſdam <expan abbr="ſeiũgantur">ſeiungantur</expan>, hoc quòd efficit ſenſus, aut naſcitur ex præ<lb></lb>cedente paſsione, illud quòd facilè moueatur, qui perſpicuè ſunt modi, & habitudines qualitatum: ſic <lb></lb>de potentia dicimus, quæ conſtituit ſecundam ſpeciem qualitatis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cum re ipſa non differat ab ha<lb></lb>bitu, vel qualitate patibili, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>afferat habitudinem ad externum, quia ſatis conſtitit vt ad ea quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4322"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt ad aliquid, non ſit motus per ſe, nec ad habitum, aut qualitatem patibilem ſecundi ſignificati; ſed <lb></lb>ad eam quæ eſt primi duntaxat. </s> <s><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> liquet, vt hæc ſpecies qualitatis ſe habeat ad motum: quapropter à <lb></lb>philoſopho merito prætermitti potuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtraq.">Vtraque</expan> interpretatio (poſſum falli vt humanus) facilè defendi <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s>Quòd igitur aut qualitas non eſt, aut cum altera qualitatis ſpecie conuenit; eam dicimus in ar<lb></lb>gumento ſumi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> oportuiſſe: & ſic rationem Ariſtotelis à vitio vindicabimus. </s> <s>Poſterius ita diluitur; <lb></lb>quia ponimus vnam poteſtatem ſolùm quę eadem eſt cum ipſa ſubſtantia; varietates verò ex adnexis <lb></lb>ipſi tribuimus. </s> <s>Nam quemadmodum vnus eſt actus <expan abbr="cuiusq́">cuiusque</expan>. </s> <s>rei primus, & ſummus, ad hunc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vnica <lb></lb>poteſtas eſt quæ eſt illius rei ſubſtantia; ad reliquos verò actus poteſtatem non eſſe volumus, vt princi<lb></lb>pium functionis internum, ſed per accidens, & ab externo, vt dictum eſt; aut ſiqua ſit illius vnius mini<lb></lb>ſtra, vel pars, in illa vna contineri profitemur. </s> <s>In tertiò verò aſſumitur falſum, nimirùm interire poten<lb></lb>tiam. </s> <s>Permanet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa cum ſubſtantia; & quemadmodum ipſa conſiſtit indiuiduo: quod ſi non <expan abbr="prorũ-pit">prorum<lb></lb>pit</expan> in officium; id totum obici eſt adſcribendum. </s> <s>Quare ſi vi mentis ab oculorum conſuetudine cun<lb></lb>cta abducentis priſtinos oculos natura cœco reſtitueret, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> videre poſſet: & quamuis actus inter<lb></lb>pelletur, facultas tamen eadem conſeruatur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ex vnica poteſtate plures actus deriuari poſſe <expan abbr="ſapiẽ-tes">ſapien<lb></lb>tes</expan> aſſeuerant: ac ſi qua poteſtas acceſsione actus deficere videatur, ea poſita eſt in habitudine, & acci<lb></lb>dens habetur. </s> <s>Poſtremum obiectum ſcatet quam plurimis modis. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimilia non ſunt illa: quando <pb pagenum="741"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4323"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe eſt vt ſuperadditum eſſentiæ, deteriores efficiens eius <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan>; agere perficiat poteſtatem. </s> <s>Prę<lb></lb>tereà eſſe pendet ex materia ſenſili; agere autem ex ipſa poteſtate. </s> <s>Tertiò eſſe <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> & agere ſunt <lb></lb>idem. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perfectè res, vbi agit. </s> <s>non agere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt per accidens. </s> <s>Proinde eſſe & agere per accidens dif<lb></lb>ferunt: ita igitur & eſſentiam & <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> per accidens differre dicemus, cùm ſint intrinſecùs eadem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et Ariſtoteles 7. Met. facultates in qualitate collocauit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="accipiẽs">accipiens</expan> eas generatim, ſed ſpeciatim, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> in Pręd. </s> <s>molle & durum & quæ ſunt ordinis eiuſdem. </s> <s>Nunc è <expan abbr="cõcluſis">concluſis</expan> affero corollarium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poteſtatem quam cum <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> numeramus, <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> originem eſſe conſecutam, ac <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, & actuo<lb></lb>ſam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cum forma exiſtere, patibilem cum materia; nec aliud eſſe quicquàm, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> naturas; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim vlla eſt cauſſa, cur ab actu <expan abbr="naſcat̃">naſcatur</expan> actio, vel à materia paſsio: & illud quod immutat materiam, <lb></lb>nil aliud efficit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae immutat <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, vel promouens, vel peruertens: proinde nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> poteſtas à <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> cauſſa pendet, quod opinatos video fuiſſe nonnullos. </s> <s>Illud planè fateor ex hiſce prin<lb></lb>cipiis emanare aliud genus poteſtatis, quod in habitudine <expan abbr="collocatũ">collocatum</expan> eſt; vbi <expan abbr="interrũpitur">interrumpitur</expan> actus. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>quae hoc eſt totum contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, accidens eſſe opinor, cuius origo non alia certè exiſtimanda, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="relati-uorũ">relati<lb></lb>uorum</expan> ex ſuis terminis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel eorum præſentia, vel abſentia. </s> <s>Poſtquam hæc exarata fuiſſent, vene<lb></lb>runt ad manus noſtras explicationes doctiſsimi Genuæ in libros de Anima, vbi ipſe rem <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> ſubtiliter, <lb></lb>& copiosè perſequens alteram partem problematis ſolicitè defendit, & affert argumenta acutiſsima, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4324"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quibus eam confirmet: eorum quoque rationem, (quæ eſt eius viri auctoritas) habere æquum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Duo verò ſunt, quæ examinanda ſuperſunt, cùm tertiæ fallacia facilè pateat ex ſuperioribus. </s> <s>Ita igitur <lb></lb>opponit. </s> <s>Id quod agitur, & id quo agitur, ſunt in ſpecie <expan abbr="cõſimilia">conſimilia</expan>. </s> <s>Sed poteſtas eſt id quo agitur acci<lb></lb>dens: & accidens igitur: ignis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calefacit, quia calidus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi calor eſt accidens; id ergo quo ignis <lb></lb>calefacit, eſt accidens: huiuſmodi verò eſt poteſtas. </s> <s>Prętereà poteſtas ſequitur coniunctum: accidens <lb></lb>igitur. </s> <s>At nos nullam earum rationum neceſsitatem eſſe credimus, quod, vt planum fiat; ſic primùm <lb></lb>retorquere libet rationem. </s> <s>Id quod agitur, & id quo agitur, ſunt ſpecie conſimilia. </s> <s>Sed poteſtas eſt <lb></lb>id quo agitur ſubſtantia, & <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> igitur: ignis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> producit ignim, quae ignis eſt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi ignis eſt ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia: id ergo quo ignis calefacit, eſt ſubſtantia: talis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt poteſtas. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõprobari">comprobari</expan> poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ariſtotelis auctoritate, qui id quo ſubſtantia fit, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> voluit eſſe ſpecie ſimile: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſcribit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Generatim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4325"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & vniuersè, tam id ex quo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quo fiunt, natura dicitur. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit, naturam habet; vt id quod <lb></lb>oritur è terra, & animal. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à quo fit (<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad efficiens refert Ariſtoteles id quo fit) & natura <lb></lb>eſt ea quæ ex forma <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> quæ eadem eiuſdem eſt ſpeciei: ea verò in alio eſt: homo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> gignit. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hoc quidem modo ea quæ fiunt à natura; oriuntur. </s> <s>Ergo quo fit, poteſt eſſe ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Sed ad <lb></lb>argumentum. </s> <s>Aſſumitur, id quod agitur & quo, ſunt ſpecie conſimilia, quod ſiquis neget, illo aucto<lb></lb>re vti poterit: ſiquidem ipſe velit, ſentire & intelligere eſſe accidens animę: tamen anima eſt qua pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4326"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mò ſentimus & ſapimus: aut igitur anima eſt accidens, aut quo fit accidens ſpecie conſimile eſſe non <lb></lb>oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> diſtinguendum fuit de eo quo fit aliquid, & aſſumere id quo fit aliquid proximè, hoc <lb></lb>eſſe accidens. </s> <s>Veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita dicere eſt vniuersè verum: quando id audiuimus libro ſuperiore <lb></lb>tribui ſolùm quanto, quae illud quo fit, eiuſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſpeciei ſit: non ſic de quali ſtatuendum eſt. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc in ſpecie conueniat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Accedit his, quae actus & poteſtas in duo ſe habent, aut in ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam, aut in certum genus accidentis, vtputa, qualitatem. </s> <s>Et quanuis ad ſubſtantiam vim acciden<lb></lb>tis obtineant (quod tamen de actu concedimus, poteſtatem in materia non diſtinguentes ab eius eſſen<lb></lb>tia, ſicut anteà dictum eſt) attamen ad ſuum <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> genus accidens eſſe negabo. </s> <s>& quis dicere aude<lb></lb>bit poteſtatem quæ eſt elementum qualitatis, accidens eſſe in qualitate, aut actum quoque? </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> is <lb></lb>item dabit colorem eſſe accidens in albedine: quare <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi ſint accidentia ſubſtantiæ, non efficitur in<lb></lb>de, vt ſint accidentia ſimpliciter, & cuique. </s> <s>Quod accipitur ſecundo loco quæ anteà de motu, actu, <lb></lb>& poteſtate, necnon de eſſentia materię dicta ſunt, ſignificant etiam falſum illud eſſe poteſtatem eſſe <lb></lb>coniuncti: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principium & elementum, & inſidet in forma ac materia prius, quàm in compoſito. <lb></lb></s> <s>quae ſi ſemper exiſtit in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan>; id non eſt ex rei natura, ſed ex origine, quae materia <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſeparatur à for<lb></lb>ma ſimpliciter, nec exiſtit forma ſine materia, ſed planè actus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> facultas in ipſis <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> principiis <lb></lb>inſident penitus; ne dixerim eſſe eaſdem eſſentias. </s> <s>Sic igitur defendimus poteſtatem eſſe eſſentiam.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4327"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4317"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4318"></margin.target>e 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4319"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4320"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4321"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4322"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4323"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4324"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4325"></margin.target>a 7. Met. <lb></lb>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4326"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4327"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur an'ne ſecundùm figuram ſit alteratio. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DE neceſsitate argumenti Ariſtotelici ſatis dictum eſt. </s> <s>nunc ad aſſumpti probationem veniamus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm verò concluditur ad figuram non pertinere alterationem: verùm ſi forè mutatio ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> fiat, illi præcedere <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> mutationem quę <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> ſpeciem qualitatis obeatur, aut al<lb></lb>terius prędicamenti: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quorum figura eſt eſſentia, velut in iis quæ molitur ars; immutant figu<lb></lb>ram, vel ex <expan abbr="cõpreſsione">compreſsione</expan>, vel extentione partium, vel ſubtractione, vel appoſitione, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi partes extendantur, aut contrahantur, formula <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> crementi & decrementi ſpectatur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim propriè ſunt, quandò ſiquid hîc ex vna dimenſione creſcit, ex altera decreſcat neceſſe eſt: <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ve<lb></lb>rò & hæc & ſubtractio, & appoſitio, & compoſitio ſunt loci mutationes. </s> <s>& ibi quidem, quia dimenſio <lb></lb>variatur. </s> <s>in ſubtractione, quæ in eodem loco iuncta permanebant, in diuerſas regiones migrant; in <lb></lb>compoſitione & appoſitione diſiuncta, è diuerſis locis in vnum coaleſcunt. </s> <s>Quare ſic argumentabor. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non primò & per ſe motus eſt ſecundùm figuram. </s> <s>Sed in alteratione contingit motum eſſe primò <lb></lb>& per ſe. </s> <s>Ergo alteratio non eſt ſecundùm figuram. </s> <s>Prætereà mihi ſumo locum, qui nititur modo <pb pagenum="742"></pb>quo res ipſę per voces exprimuntur, cui multum tribuit Ariſt. </s> <s>vbi probabilia conſectatur, ſic. </s> <s>Quæ al<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4328"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terantur <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> mutatio perfecta eſt; ambiguè <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> dicuntur <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> iis qualitatibus ſecundùm quas <lb></lb>alteratio facta eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Verbig. </s> <s>calidum, & frigidum <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan>, ſed propria prorſus ratione <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4329"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litas appellantur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abhorret à conſuetudine, quae eodem <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> & qualitas quæ in ſubie<lb></lb>cto eſt, exponatur, quae per rationem <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> conueniat idem nomen <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> fieri poteſt. </s> <s>Inde Græci <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τὸ θερμόν</foreign> & calorem, & calidum quod ab eo denominatur, appellant, & alia complura nomina ſunt <lb></lb>apud illos <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> figura, <expan abbr="modusq́">modusque</expan>. </s> <s>ſignificandi ſunt planè ſimiles. </s> <s>Ne dixeris <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> denominatiuè & <foreign lang="grc">πα<lb></lb>ρονύμως</foreign>, vt quidam qui phraſeos Ariſtotelicę poteſtate parùm animaduerſa multas ineptias attule<lb></lb>runt. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſtatua ſit, æs ipſius nomine non appellatur; verùm & ſubiecto & materia denominatur <lb></lb>ænea ſtatua, vel marmorea. </s> <s>Tùm item quando fit aliquid vel à natura, vel ab arte, vt in <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> perfectio<lb></lb>nem contendat; non dicitur alterari. </s> <s>quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alterari dicat id quod perficitur, quatenus ad ſuam perfe<lb></lb>ctionem procedit? </s> <s>ſiquidem alteratio ſemper indicare videatur noxiam mutationem, & cum interitu <lb></lb>rei quæ mutatur: at verò cùm domus, & homo fiunt, ac figuram ſibi <expan abbr="conuenientẽ">conuenientem</expan> adipiſcuntur; con<lb></lb>ſummantur & ad <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> tendunt, nec vllo modo alterantur. </s> <s>Non me pręterit Ariſtotelicas <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> <lb></lb>ab interpretibus fuiſſe confuſas nonnullis eas accipientibus ac ſi duæ forent, cùm tamen tres agnoſcan<lb></lb>tur, nec approbantibus in ſecunda <foreign lang="grc">ὁμώνυμον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ambiguum, vel æquiuocum fuiſſe propriè ſumptum; <lb></lb>nec in tertia <expan abbr="cõprehẽdi">comprehendi</expan> proceſſum ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & finem, ſed fieri, quatenus eſt fieri, quod .ſ. </s> <s>in poteſtatem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4330"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe habet, cùm cęteroquin alteratio rei ſit quæ iam facta eſt: quapropter vrgentur <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> difficulta<lb></lb>tibus & nouas denominationes, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>nonnulla <expan abbr="cõminiſci">comminiſci</expan> coguntur: nam ſi in poſteriore argumenti <lb></lb>prædicatio denominatiuè ſumeretur, vel figura fuiſſet accepta, tanquàm à ſubiecto mente ſeuocata, <lb></lb>quod aiunt abſtractè; vel vnà complecteretur ſubiectum: ac primo quidem modo ſubiectum de ipſa, <lb></lb>figura nonmodò non prędicatur, verùm nec de vlla alia qualitate; neque dicitur album eſſe lignum, <lb></lb>niſi per accidens ad modum, & prędicatione, quæ naturæ <expan abbr="aduerſet̃">aduerſetur</expan>: poſteriore verò non ſolùm cęteræ <lb></lb>qualitates de ſubiecto <expan abbr="dicunt̃">dicuntur</expan>, ſed id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> cum figuris habent: quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, hoc eſt gibbus, <lb></lb>aut ſimus, aut vir tetragonus, niſi quae figura de ipſo denominatiuè prędicatur? </s> <s>quid plus? </s> <s>à figura <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>figuratum <foreign lang="grc">ἐσχηματισμὲνον</foreign> <expan abbr="deducit̃">deducitur</expan>, vt nonmodò à ſpeciebus indiuiduis denominatio <expan abbr="ſumat̃">ſumatur</expan>; id quod <lb></lb>proprium qualitatis <expan abbr="habet̃">habetur</expan> (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qualitas, à qua quales quidam denominamur) ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à genere ipſo. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> figura (vt opinor) propter vim abſtractionis imitatur ſubſtantię <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: proptereà ſicuti ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ forma efficit figuram dictionis, & <expan abbr="formulã">formulam</expan> prædicandi <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan> conſimilem, vnde domus, ſta<lb></lb>tua, & lectica <expan abbr="nũcupantur">nuncupantur</expan>; tametſi <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> euenit vt eodem <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan>, ratione tamen diuerſa, & figura, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4331"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& eius differentia exprimatur, vt <foreign lang="grc">τετραγὼνου, τριγώνου</foreign>. </s> <s>ſed illi genus ſubiicitur, quòd in propria diffe<lb></lb>rentia continetur nimirùm <foreign lang="grc">σχῆμα</foreign>, non ſecus àc ſiquis pronunciet rationis particeps, & intelligat ani<lb></lb>mal; non idcircò rationis particeps, vt ſpecies habenda eſt, ſed vt differentia cui ſupponatur animal, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4332"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod propter differentiæ conuenientiam & affinitatem reticetur. </s> <s>Quo fit vt Galenus aliquando & <lb></lb><expan abbr="trigonũ">trigonum</expan> & tetragonum <foreign lang="grc">τοδετι</foreign>, & hoc aliquid appellauerit, cùm de methodis ſcriberet ad Hieronem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hîc eſt etiam, quod excitet aliquam admirationem, quae reliqua accidentia, ne dum qualitates ipſę, <expan abbr="neu-tiq̃">neu<lb></lb>tiquam</expan> à ſubiecto denominetur: ſolum verò <expan abbr="quartũ">quartum</expan> genus qualitatis <expan abbr="denominationẽ">denominationem</expan> ſuſcipiat à ſubiecto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim rara illa quę <expan abbr="dicunt̃">dicuntur</expan> à ſubiecto in aliis, vt calor igneus, humor aqueus. </s> <s>Ea profecto diſcriminis <lb></lb>huiuſce cauſſa afferri poteſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi ſubiectum de <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> prædicandum ſit, & remanere vult ſal<lb></lb>uum nulla facta mutatione ſecundùm ſuam ipſius poteſtatem, & habere priuationem formæ futuræ <lb></lb><expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> vacantem: proinde <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſemen denominat animal, quae poteſtas, quam intra ſe habeat ad animal, <lb></lb>immutatur, ſimiliter quae albedo habet oppoſitum, cuius eſt nomen; de albo non prædicatur <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>: <lb></lb>in arte, quae æs nullius potentiæ naturalis beneficio <expan abbr="mutat̃">mutatur</expan>, & oppoſitum quod eſt altera pars eius quod <lb></lb>fiens olim vocabatur, nomine caret; eam ob rem de compoſito prædicatur. </s> <s>Ob id etiam quae remanet <lb></lb><expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> in mixto nec amittitur potentia prior, factum eſſe puto, vt & aëreus calor & ariditas terrea <lb></lb>nuncupetur. </s> <s>Sed illud prætereà <expan abbr="notandũ">notandum</expan> diuerſa ratione & fieri & alterari, tribui accidentibus <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>& calidum fieri, & non alterari verè dicitur: nam ſi calidum fieri dicimus, quod fit eo concepto, qui <lb></lb>terminus eſt motus, non ſanè alteratur: illud alteratur quod eſt fiens, & euadit calidum; hoc verò eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>. </s> <s>ſic calidum alteratur, dum frigidum euadit: atqui fieri quod non eſt alterari, eſt id quod per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4333"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tinet non ad fiens, ſed ad id quod fit. </s> <s>Et in hac diſceptatione Auerroëm probo; licèt <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eius non ac<lb></lb>cipiam: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quam ipſe attulit, vt falſam repudio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> me auertunt ab hoc <expan abbr="cõſilio">conſilio</expan> D. Tho<lb></lb>mę obiectiones, & Egidij qui, cùm diceret Auerroës alterari non eſſe perfici, quae alteratio fieret in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan>, <lb></lb>perfectio verò maneret in indiuiduo; opponebant vltimum rei gradum ſubito aduenire: at id quod <lb></lb>corrumpitur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> à perfectione recedere. </s> <s>Prætereà perfectionem non ita contrahi in <expan abbr="anguſtũ">anguſtum</expan>, <lb></lb>quin tantiſper pateat. </s> <s>homo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magis & minus ſtudioſus eſt. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſicut vltimum perfectionis eſt <lb></lb>in veſtigio <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>; ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> gradus extremus caloris. </s> <s>Ergo ſicut calor accipit plus & minus; ſic & ipſa <lb></lb>perfectio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ita dicam in <expan abbr="accidẽtibus">accidentibus</expan> ante <expan abbr="poſtremũ">poſtremum</expan> gradum caloris in ſubiecto <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> deſignari, <lb></lb>quòd diuidua ſit, id quod ſubſtantiæ non contingit. </s> <s>Et ſubſtantiæ perfectio ſic extremum eſt, vt ante <lb></lb>ipſam nulla ſit forma: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ea vox perfectio ſignificat aliquem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, ſed conſummationem quæ <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, atque id quod conſummatum eſt; velut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſi de generatione, & re genita profitentur, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>reſpon<lb></lb>det quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">τελείοτης</foreign> apud Græcos reipſa non diſiuncta à fine, non <foreign lang="grc">τελείωσις</foreign>, quæ progreſſum ſi<lb></lb>gnificat. </s> <s>Quod cùm ſit: non magis minusúe à perfectione recedetur in interitu, ſed ea perfectio acce<lb></lb>det ad extremum, quo tum homo eſt, & ad vltimum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> non eſſe <expan abbr="cõſeruabitur">conſeruabitur</expan>, illucuſque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſemper <pb pagenum="743"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4334"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>homo ſubſiſtet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Falſumq́">Falſumque</expan>. </s> <s>illud eſt omnem perfectionem eſſe diuiduam, ſed quæ ſic accipitur, vt nos <lb></lb>antè monuimus, eſt indiuidua: ſiquidem eſt aſſecla formę: omnis autem diuiſio naſcitur à materia, vt <lb></lb>etiam plus & minus compoſito tribuendum ſit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Non eſt igitur ad figuram alteratio.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4335"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4328"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4329"></margin.target>a Pręd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4330"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4331"></margin.target>b 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4332"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4333"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4334"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4335"></margin.target>a Cap. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>quali.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm alteratio ſit ad diſpoſitionem & habitum, an alius quidam motus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEQVE item ad diſpoſitionem & habitum per ſe motus eſt, quod facilè oſtendetur, ſi ſpecies ſin<lb></lb>gulas habituum percurramus: habitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> voco conſtantes & abſolutas in aliqua re perfectio<lb></lb>nes; diſpoſitiones verò mobiles & incohatos progreſſus, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>aut corporis ſunt, veluti ſanitas, quæ in <lb></lb>partium vniformium temperie conſiſtit; & ea quæ nuncupatur <foreign lang="grc">ευἐξια</foreign>. </s> <s>poſita eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in ſanitate, <expan abbr="bona-q́ue">bona<lb></lb>que</expan> inſtrumentorum diſpoſitione, ac robore <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> diſponitur ad optimum, vt .ſ. </s> <s>tueatur <lb></lb>naturam ſuam, & optimè faciat officium ſuum; & his oppoſitę mala valetudo, & <foreign lang="grc">καχεξια</foreign>: aut ad ani<lb></lb>mum pertinent; <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>duæ ſint eius partes; altera bruta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera rationis particeps; ſunt item brutę <lb></lb>ipſius habitus virtutes .ſ. </s> <s>morales, & vitia; & eius quæ ratione vtitur, ars, prudentia, ſcientia, ſapientia, <lb></lb>mens. </s> <s>Si igitur alteratio foret ad habitum, certè ſecundùm quampiam ex hiſce formis eſſet: atqui <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> nullam ex his eſt. </s> <s>Non igitur ad hoc qualitatis genus alteratio pertinebit: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alteratio eſt ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4336"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eos habitus qui corpus intuentur, ſiquidem in habitudine quadam conſiſtant, exemplig. </s> <s>bona valetu<lb></lb>do in habitudine primarum qualitatum quæ ſunt virtutes elementorum in vniformib. aut in propor<lb></lb>tione quam obtinent partes ad ambiens: nam duæ morborum cauſſæ generatim percenſentur, inter<lb></lb>næ, vt intemperies, & aſymmetria; & externæ: is verò potiſsimè eſt aër, cui vel reſiſtit corpus, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>iuuatur, aut contrà cedit, & lęditur: robur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> continet exuperantiam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> virium ad corporis par<lb></lb>tes, & inſtrumenta. </s> <s>Sed ad ea quæ reſpiciunt aliud, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poteſtas eſt in materia per ſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus, <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> <lb></lb>quæ mutant habitudinem, aliis motib. agitantur. </s> <s>Nec igitur in corporis habitu collocanda eſt altera<lb></lb>tio. </s> <s>Non eſt item alteratio ad animi virtutes, quandò ipſæ ſunt perfectiones: at quod perficitur, quate<lb></lb>nus ita mutatur, nullo pacto ſubiicitur alterationi, <expan abbr="quẽadmodum">quenadmodum</expan> ſuprà docuimus. </s> <s>Virtutes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perfe<lb></lb>ctiones eſſe, & quemadmodum ſint; ab initio longè prius explicauimus; & aliqua rurſus afferentur. </s> <s>In<lb></lb>ſuper & ad virtutes ipſas <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alteratio per ſe eſt: ſed cùm virtus animi duab. eius partib. <lb></lb></s> <s>immitatur, appetente .ſ. </s> <s>& ratiocinante: alteratio duntaxat in appetente præceſsit; aut quia deducta ſit <lb></lb>ad impatibilitatem, velut Stoici cenſuerunt, quae .ſ. </s> <s>per virtutem ad nil patiendum redderemur idonei; <lb></lb>vel per memoriam, quemadmodum <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> paſsi fuimus, vel per ſenſum; quia ſic nunc patiamur; <lb></lb>vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſpem, quia ſic aliquando paſſuri ſimus, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quae certa extiterit perturbatio, vt non eximia, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4337"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nulla omnino ſit, ſed mediocris. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> virtus animi aut ex perturbatione, quæ in apperitrice præ<lb></lb>currit, exoritur; aut ſi mediocritas eſt; in eorum genere numeratur quæ referuntur ad aliud: ad hæc au<lb></lb>tem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alteratio datur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Multoq́">Multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus pertinet alteratio ad virtutem quæ ratiocinantis <lb></lb>ipſius eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> virtutes mentis ex quiete exiſtunt, & tranquillitate quæ iam inſtrumenta ſenſuum <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>externa, túm interna occuparit, ſiue ſuapte natura acceſſerit, vt in ſenib. ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex conſuetudine: ſiqui<lb></lb>dem ſpiritus, & humores in adoleſcentib. præ nimio calore turbulenti ſunt; hic verò ætate ſucceden<lb></lb>te contabeſcit: & ex diuturni temporis vſu, & periclitatione partes corporis ad certos quoſdam mo<lb></lb>tus inſtruuntur: idcirco alteratio corpus attingit, & ipſius animæ inſtrumenta commouet ſolùm; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>inde mores, & habitus conſequuntur. </s> <s>Veruntamen hîc quæret fortaſſe quiſpiam, non'ne habitus ſunt <lb></lb>quædam ſpecies qualitatis ab aliis cum eiuſdem prædicamenti partib. tum item <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> aliorum ſegrega<lb></lb>tæ? </s> <s>maximè igitur, ſi ea ratione ſpectentur, qua ſunt qualitates, amplius veſtigandum ſupereſſet; an'ne <lb></lb>ad eos <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pertineat alteratio, ob eam præcipuè cauſſam, quae Ariſtoteles ipſe teſtatus eſt <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſanitatem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4338"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in calidis, vt habitum eſſe collocandam; calorem verò in corpore, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> paſsionem: ex quo vel <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> <lb></lb>ſanitatis rationem licet agnoſcere, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illam, vt ſpeciem qualitatis accipere: ideò ſi quatenus ſpecies <lb></lb>qualitatis animo comprehendatur, nil fortè prohibebit, quominus ad eam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pertineat alteratio. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4339"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Necnon alteratio procedit ad contraria. </s> <s>ſ enim hęc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> complectuntur habitum. </s> <s>cur igitur alteratio <lb></lb>non ſpectat ad habitum? </s> <s>Poſtremò ſi ob eam rem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per habitus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per figuras alteratio fundi<lb></lb>tur; nec <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ea quæ ſeſe viciſsim reſpiciunt; quae motus per ſe contendat in alias formas: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mul<lb></lb>tæ ſunt ſenſiles qualitates quæ alienos motus conſequuntur, vt colores, odores, ſapores; & complures <lb></lb>è tactilib. ad illas igitur alteratio non erit, quæ tamen vulgò conceditur, & ratione confirmari poteſt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> albefactio motus quidam eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ortus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> incrementum, aut latio: quapropter alteratio. </s> <s>Sin<lb></lb>gula te fortaſſe non moueant; vniuerſa certè inter ſe connexa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> coniuncta mouere debebunt. </s> <s>Atta<lb></lb>men, vt primum tollatur, noſſe oportet inter habitus animi & corporis hoc intereſſe, quae in habitu cor<lb></lb>poris hæc duo ſunt ſpectanda, ratio formalis, ac materialis; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc quidem poſita eſt in habitudine: <lb></lb>ſiquidem ex eo, quae ita ſe habent humores inter ſe, & ſic attemperati ſunt; exoritur ęgritudo, vel ſanitas. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò cùm talis attemperatio poſtulet humorum mutationes ſecundùm primas qualitates; efficitur, <lb></lb>vt per alterationem contrahatur; ea tamen attemperatio eſt ad aliquid. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> materialiter, vt ſic dicam, <lb></lb>ſanitas eſt de tertia ſpecie qualitatis; & ad ipſam quoquomodo eſt alteratio, quatenus eſt habitudo, re<lb></lb>pudiat motum. </s> <s>Verùm quae non modo in his ſanitatis natura collocatur, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> primæ qualitates infigun<lb></lb>tur in humorib. in habitib. reponuntur, cùm tum & alteratio omni habitus ſecreta ratione conſiſtat, & <lb></lb>habitus addat nouam rationem alterationi, & primis qualitatib. nimirùm permanentiam, & vim con<lb></lb>tractam exterius: ex eo fit, vt habitui per ſe non tribuatur alteratio. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò tuum illud nos con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4340"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="744"></pb>turbabit, quòd motus ſit in quodam genere; in alio termini qui fatearis affectiones præuias eſſe de prę<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4341"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicamento qualitatis, formam pertinere ad ſubſtantiam; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id abſurdum reputes, vbi vna mutatio <lb></lb>naſcatur ex alia. </s> <s>Sed nob. </s> <s>quib. placet præuias affectiones ad ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> referri, varietatis hu<lb></lb>iuſce cauſſa reddenda eſt: ea verò inde arceſcetur. </s> <s>Etenim indiuiduum formæ attributum eſt, materię <lb></lb>diuiduum conuenit: quod in materia diuiduum eſt, id & cauſſa interualli exiſtit, & cauſſa poteſtatis <lb></lb>quæ per varios gradus aſcendit ad formam. </s> <s>Indiuiduum in forma à ratione termini deriuatur: nam <lb></lb>terminus per ſe indiuiduus eſt: atqui forma eſt terminus eſſentiæ, necnon terminus mutationis, quæ <lb></lb>ſit circum ſubſtantiam, qua terminus eſt eſſentiæ, id generatim conuenit omni generi formarum, ſeu <lb></lb>ſubſtantia ſit, ſine poſs, vt in quadam extrema differentia collocata ſit, quam ſi uaries; rei <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam protinus immutabis. </s> <s>Animal in eo conſiſtit, vt ſit corpus ſenſu pręditum: niſi ſenſus accedat; <lb></lb>animal non eſt; ſiquid item vltra ſenſum adiiciatur, vt ratio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item formalis eius ratio conſeruabi<lb></lb>tur, ſed transformabitur in hominem. </s> <s>Proinde animalis eſſentia tota manet in ſenſu, velut termino & <lb></lb>ita eſt indiuidua: multò magis illæ indiuiduæ, quæ non conſtant è genere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conſtituuntur ex ac<lb></lb>ceſſu differentiarum, ſed in iis idem terminus eſt, & cuius eſt terminus. </s> <s>cuiuſmodi ſunt illæ quæ liberæ <lb></lb>ſunt ab omni materia. </s> <s>quapropter in eſſentiæ notione veritas ineſt, quæ non opponitur falſitati: nan<lb></lb>que hęc in compoſitione verſantur, at in eſſentia veritas eſt ſimplex, opponitur ignorantię, cùm quia <lb></lb>ſit indiuidua, vel mente tota concipiatur, vel nulla pars eius attingi valeat. </s> <s>Quantum pertinet ad id, quae <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4342"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit terminus mutationis bifariam ſumi valet, vel quae certam ſibi pręfiniant magnitudinem, vltra aut citra <lb></lb>quam conſiſtere nequeant. </s> <s>Quòd igitur eſt extrema quędam magnitudo formarum naturalium, ſic <lb></lb>indiuiduæ perhibentur. </s> <s>Secundò ſunt indiuiduę, per ſe quidem, quia tota eſſentia cuilibet parti <expan abbr="cõmu-nicetur">commu<lb></lb>nicetur</expan>, attamen eiuſmodi vt materię priuilegio extendantur, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ipſa <expan abbr="diſtribuãtur">diſtribuantur</expan> in parteis, eiuſmo<lb></lb>di ſunt omnium inanimorum formę: vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſeſe in quandam ſubiecti ſedem receperint, tanquam re<lb></lb>ges in arcem, <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>per virtutem, non pręſentiam informent, & agitent vniuerſum corpus, quales an<lb></lb>tea nos animas animantium perfectiorum conſtituimus. </s> <s>Quę cum materia diuiduntur, & prorſus ma<lb></lb>teriarę ſunt, habent idem principium, quod ipſę informant, & quod afficitur ad informationem: & ibi <lb></lb>accipiuntur, vbi affectio pręuia pręceſsit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ad idem principium pertinet forma ad quod affectio, <lb></lb>præcurrens, ſed habitus illi qui ad animum ſpectant. </s> <s>Non dico nunc animi facultates quas idcirco Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles habitus appellauit, quòd ſine vlla promotione materię deducantur ad actum ſecundùm, nimi<lb></lb>rum ſenſus appetitus, & mens, quæ protinus operantur (operantur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> patiendo generatim) vt <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>ſeſe ſpecies obtulerit; ſed habitus qui tractant verum, mens, ſapientia, ſcientia, prudentia, & ars, atque <lb></lb>illis oppoſitæ quæ recipiunt falſum: conſtant verò ex rerum ſimulachris, & notionibus has imprimi <lb></lb>phantaſiæ, <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. </s> <s>retineri nos docet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Attamen noſſe oportet, eas eſſe in phantaſia, vel vt formas; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4343"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4344"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita verò afficiunt ſpiritus, & humores; vel vt ſimulachra, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt ſimulachra, prout variis modis <expan abbr="afficiũ-tur">afficiun<lb></lb>tur</expan>, vel quòd in diuerſos fines inſtituantur, vel quòd ſic, aut aliter componantur, & diſponantur, vel <lb></lb>ſeparentur, & illuſtrentur, effici obiecta diuerſarum facultatum, & producere habitus illos qui verum <lb></lb>ſpectant, & illis oppoſitos, in quibus ineſt fallacia; proptereà reſpiciunt vnà phantaſiam & <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>; ſed <lb></lb>quia nulla retinendi facultas eſt in mente, vt nos opinamur; idcirco ſcientia ad mentem, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt habitus <lb></lb>ſe habebit, ſed vt principium, per quod eſſentias rerum contemplamur; habitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> erit in phantaſia, <lb></lb>ſeu potius in eius inſtrumento, qui ſunt ſpiritus, & humores; <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>accedant extrinſecùs; & ibi conſer<lb></lb>uentur, tum verò ſint formæ, & accidentia, & qualitates, & habitus eſſe cenſeo: ad facultatem verò <expan abbr="co-gnoſcẽtem">co<lb></lb>gnoſcentem</expan> eſſe vt ad aliquid, tùm quòd ſunt ſimulachra rerum quæ ſunt extra <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>; tum item quia <lb></lb>ſicuti lumen eſt præſentia lucidi in perſpicuò, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic intellectio eſt præſentia formæ in animo, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4345"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd eſt perfectio & terminus potentię cuiuſdam, atqui terminus in eo cuius eſt terminus, ineſt vt ad <lb></lb>aliquid. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Oppones ſcientiam habitum eſſe ratiocinantis, & mentem in habitu dici. </s> <s>An, inquam, non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4346"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ita nuncupantur, quae in iis aliquid imprimatur, ſed cùm ſint facultates quæ ſe habent in pati: & cùm pri<lb></lb>mum incurrerint in obiecta, ſuo munere funguntur; ex agilitate ad operandum, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ope<lb></lb>rentur, analogicè vocantur habitus: etenim & talis conditio comitatur habitibus: facilius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> operan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4347"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, quo facilius in ipſa rerum ſimulachra incurrunt, tum verò incurrunt facilius, cùm obfirmata fue<lb></lb>rint, & ritè diſpoſita. </s> <s>Ergo ex habitu notionum quæ inſident in phantaſia; ſcientiæ primò vocantur <lb></lb>habitus, mox quia ſint habilitates in facultate cognoſcente. </s> <s>ex quibus ſequatur agilitas ad prompte <lb></lb>operandum. </s> <s>ſic ex imaginum firmitate quaſi materialiter, ex operandi facilitate quaſi formaliter ha<lb></lb>bitus habebuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cum habitib. aliqua affectio ſoleat antecedere; ſi vera ſunt ea quæ <expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan>; <lb></lb>affectio quidem habitib. animi præcedet; at cùm varia ſint ſignificata habitus, non efficietur neceſſa<lb></lb>riò, vt ibidem ſit habitus, in quo præceſsit affectio; ſed in primo ſignificatu tantùm, in ſecundo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nil <lb></lb>vetabit quominus in alio antecedat affectio, & ad aliud principium pertineat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id cui habitus ipſe <lb></lb>tribuitur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> abhorret hoc à natura, vt in illo ſecundo modo habitus altiore modo dicatur, ac pri<lb></lb>mo, ac ſi primo fuerit accidens, & perfectionem ſuam conſecutus fuerit per ſubiectum; poſteriore ſit <lb></lb>perfectio ſubiecti; & præſeferat quidem qualitatis imaginem & figuram dictionis, vt & cæterę formæ, <lb></lb>reuera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex alio ſit ordine; & eſſentiam potius imitetur. </s> <s>Poteſt res explanari exemplo valdè perſpi<lb></lb>cuo: fingamus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aërem denſeri paullatim & denſendo contrahere lucem, ab ea mox illuſtrari pelluci<lb></lb>dum: erit ſanè lux in aëre per affectionem quæ præcurrit in ipſo, & qualitas, & habitus, <expan abbr="eademq́ue">eademque</expan> ex <lb></lb>eius præſentia in pellucido, veruntamen erit eius perfectio <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alio modo in aëre, alio in pellucido: in <lb></lb>mente ſola facultas inerit, quæ ab incurſu imaginum prompta reddetur ad contemplandum, & agili <pb pagenum="745"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4348"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatem, vt ſic dixerim, concipiet, quæ ab eius eſſentia non diſtinguetur, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> veniat ab externo, ſicuti <lb></lb>nec habilitas in materia ad formam ab efficiente, ac diſponente incuſſa ſecernitur ab eſſentia materiæ <lb></lb>(<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> huic ſimiles ſunt animi facultates, cùm ad vltimum deductus eſt habitus) <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſuopte impul<lb></lb>ſu cum forma copulatur: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nihil amplius affici illam oportuit ab efficiente; ſiquidem ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <lb></lb>promouerit, reſtat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſolum, vt exhibeat formam. </s> <s>idem tu cogitato de mente. </s> <s>Ex his efficitur, vt ſicu<lb></lb>ti forma ad materiam illam <expan abbr="vltimã">vltimam</expan> ſe habet, vt ad aliquid; nihilominus eſt perfectio materiæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <lb></lb>quidem propter eſſentialem potentiam quæ eſt in materia, ſic & animi habitus ſunt perfectiones pro<lb></lb>pter eſſentialem <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan>, quam habet animus, dum eſt adhuc veluti tabella, in qua nullæ litteræ fue<lb></lb>rint exculptæ. </s> <s>Quapropter vt etiam virtutes ipſę meliores habente reputantur, tanto magis ſcientiæ, <lb></lb>quanto etiam mens appetitui pręſtat. </s> <s><expan abbr="eaq.">eaque</expan> fuit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> expreſſa ſententia qui cum doceret nullam eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4349"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Dei virtutem, ſic ratiocinatus eſt, quòd ſit omni virtute præſtantior: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non virtute probus: nam <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <lb></lb>virtus eſſet Deo melior. </s> <s>Hunc ſecutus Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="oſtẽdit">oſtendit</expan> vberrimè virtutem eſſe homine meliorem: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4350"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia rerum natura conſtantium eſt aliquid cuius gratia quod iis quæ ſunt eius gratia, longè <expan abbr="pręſtãtius">pręſtantius</expan> <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>Cùm igitur homo ſit aliquid natura conſtans eſt alicuius gratia, nempe virtutis. </s> <s>Et virtus igitur ho<lb></lb>mine melior: quanuis etiam bonitas illi propter actionem ſit <expan abbr="tribuẽda">tribuenda</expan> ſimpliciter, vt olim docuimus: <lb></lb>ſed cùm ex habitu promptum reddatur habens ad agendum, & agere queat, niſi obſtet impediens, in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4351"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de eſt, vt bonitas ſimpliciter habitui concedatur. </s> <s>Ad reliquorum verò ſolutionem meminiſſe conue<lb></lb>nit, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi contraria compleant <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> motus, at non omnia eſſe huiuſmodi, verùm ea quæ prima ſint <lb></lb>in genere quodam, nec in alia reſoluantur. </s> <s>Itaque cùm contrariorum prima ſint calor & frigus, mox <lb></lb>ariditas & humor, hinc efficitur, vt ad ea ſolùm alteratio pręcedat. </s> <s>Quòd ſi alteratio motus'ue cæte<lb></lb>ris contrariis attribuitur, id potius eſt ex ſenſu vulgi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex veritate. </s> <s>Sic etſi actus & habitus <expan abbr="opponunt̃">opponuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>nihilominus alteratio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt ad ipſos; nec inter contraria ſecunda: tametſi iſta magis accedunt ad <expan abbr="alte-rationẽ">alte<lb></lb>rationem</expan>; <expan abbr="proptereaq.">proptereaque</expan> inter actus & habitus ſuccedit mutatio, cùm in alio præceſſerit motus: vt in ſen<lb></lb>ſu, & phantaſia producitur affectio; ſapientia tamen ipſius mentis eſt. </s> <s>at hic eidem quod antea calefa<lb></lb>ctum eſt, nigrities, aut cádor acceſsit: ideo paullatim fit, & <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> abſoluitur hęc <expan abbr="trãſmutatio">tranſmutatio</expan>, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan> imitetur; niſi quòd alterius beneficio fit, nec per ſe ſimpliciter. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> poſterius obiecta <expan abbr="diluunt̃">diluuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo, quia <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> figuramúe alteratio fiat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> ſit qualitas, aut à cęteris qualitatis par<lb></lb>tib. <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparet̃">ſeparetur</expan>: alteratio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ad <expan abbr="tertiã">tertiam</expan> qualitatis <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> pertinebit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="paſsionẽ">paſsionem</expan>, ſeu <expan abbr="patibilẽ">patibilem</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> <lb></lb>nuncupamus. </s> <s>Quoniam verò patibilis qualitas eſt duplex, vel quæ afficit ſenſus, vel quæ ex alia paſ<lb></lb>ſione naſcitur; & ad has, quia poſteriores ſunt, alterationem iam pertinere negauimus: reſtat vt alte<lb></lb>ratio ſit ad eas quæ ſic dicuntur, quae afficiant ſenſus: & cùm ex iis aliæ primæ ſint, aliæ poſteriores, ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4352"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dictis etiam conſtabit ad primas quæ ſunt calor, frigus, ſiccitas, & humor; eſſe alterationem, quæ item <lb></lb>quia cum veteris formæ interitu fiunt, ſeruant vniuerſam notionem eius ipſius motus quem alteratio<lb></lb>nem propriè dicimus, licèt generatim omnis mutatio qualitatis alterationis nomine notari cenſuerit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4336"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4337"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4338"></margin.target>b 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4339"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4340"></margin.target>c 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 28.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4341"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4342"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4343"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>Mem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4344"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4345"></margin.target>b 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4346"></margin.target>c 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 109.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4347"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4348"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4349"></margin.target>a 1. Mag. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mor. </s> <s>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4350"></margin.target>b 4. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4351"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4352"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ veteres de elementorum formis decreuerint. </s> <s>Caput XIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM verò qualitates tactiles ſint primæ ſimplicium corporum differentiæ: illa igitur quæ <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>alterantur, corpora ſimplicia ſunt. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi differentiæ ſunt corporum ſimplicium; ſcrupulus <lb></lb>inde nouus exoritur, quemadmodum ea ſit alteratio, non ortus: erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mutatio ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>: <lb></lb>quamobrem aut eas non eſſe primas <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> differentias dicere oportet, aut ab hiſce corporib. al<lb></lb>teratio tollenda eſt: ac ſi non tentet huiuſmodi corpora, profectò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per alia pertinebit: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dice<lb></lb>bat Ariſtoteles animata eſſe obnoxia mutationib. vniuerſis, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> iis quidem quę fiunt, quatenus animata, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4353"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per ſenſum, illis verò quæ fiunt ſecundùm naturam, per elementa, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ipſa conflata ſunt. </s> <s>Ad hanc <lb></lb>dubitationem etſi id Alexandro, <expan abbr="Simplicioq́">Simplicioque</expan>. </s> <s>dicere licet <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſpectandum fore progreſſum eiuſmodi qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4354"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litatum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vel ad rei ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> perueniunt, vel ipſam non attingunt, ac ſi ſubſtantiam labe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4355"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>factent, eſſe generationem: ſi verò non eò <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> prouehantur, eſſe alterationem ſolùm: <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> cùm ad ea <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>de motu ſecundùm qualitatem adhuc dicenda ſuperſunt, <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> conferat exploratio primæ illius quæ<lb></lb>ſtionis, vtrùm primæ qualitates elementorum formæ ſint nec'ne; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nos <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> diſcutere <expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan> hoc <lb></lb>loco. </s> <s>Problema per ſe ſatis incertum & <expan abbr="obſcurũ">obſcurum</expan>: quippe quae in elementorum eſſentia verſetur quæ vni<lb></lb>co gradu diſtat ab ipſa materia <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſuaptè natura ignotam philoſophi prędicant; & quæ per ſe ſciri <lb></lb>non poſsit, ſed ex proportione noteſcat: <expan abbr="verumetiã">verumetiam</expan> redditur controuerſum, & difficiles habet explica<lb></lb>tus ex eo, quae pro parte affirmante ſtant innumerę clariſsimorum virorum auctoritates pro negante ve<lb></lb>rò rationes firmiſsimę. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> non raro ipſemet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eas primarum differentiarum nomine nuncu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4356"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pat; eæ verò videntur eſſe formæ quæ pertinent ad eſſentiam: ſiquidem ſoleant eadem eſſe principia <lb></lb>ipſius quid eſt, & cauſſę diſtinctionis. </s> <s>Deinde ſæpè teſtatur quattuor primas qualitates elementorum <lb></lb>eſſe virtutes; <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> at nos antea facultates cum eſſentia conuenire docuimus. </s> <s>Planius adhuc 3. de An. <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4357"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4358"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicit rationem calidi & frigidi eſſe carnem ipſam: hoc eſt qualitates ſub certa proportione eſſe quidi<lb></lb>tatem carnis. </s> <s>Si ergo ſunt principia mixti, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> elementorum formæ ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Quartò <lb></lb>quoniam ſecreto humore continuò perit <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aqua; & calore item ab igni ſublato concidit ignis: quare ca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4359"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lor hîc, ibi humor eſſentiæ iure optimo: cenſebuntur. </s> <s>Alexander, Ammonius, Philoponus, & vt vnico <lb></lb>verbo complectar; omnes Græci auctore illo excepto qui ſub nomine Simplicij in libros de Anima <lb></lb>circunfertur: is <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolus inter Græcos accidentia, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cum qualitates patibiles comprehendit, maxi <pb pagenum="746"></pb>mè abeſſe dicit ab iis quæ ſub mentem cadunt; <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> ſubſtantiis ſolis euenire confirmat. </s> <s>itaque cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4360"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calidum & frigidum per ſe ſentiantur, non poterunt eſſe ſubſtantiæ: omnes, inquam, Græci quos hodie <lb></lb>legimus; nihil de hac re dubitarunt; atque ita opinati ſunt elementa conflari, quòd primæ qualitates <lb></lb>informarent materiam primam, nec vllam aliam formam quæ ipſis antecederet, de accidentium mo<lb></lb>re flagitarent. </s> <s>non enim ponebant in materia qualitates, vt video factitaſſe nonnullos; ſed quod acce<lb></lb>deret proximè materiæ, formam & ſubſtantiam eſſe ſtatuebant; <expan abbr="pręcipueq́ue">pręcipueque</expan> Philoponus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui in ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4361"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſis etiam formis aduerſorum repugnantiam collocauit: quanquam & ipſe aliàs primas elementorum <lb></lb>differentias, non ſanè calorem & frigus, ſed rarum recepit & denſum, ea ratione commotus, quòd nul<lb></lb>la generatio, vel mutatio inter prima corpora ſine rari <expan abbr="denſiq́ue">denſique</expan> interuentu procederet: quapropter <lb></lb>etiam reliquas omnes qualitates ad has duas, veluti capita referre conatus eſt, & vtraque hęc contra<lb></lb>ria voluit alterationis eſſe principia. </s> <s>Veruntamen ipſe viderit quàm feliciter id illi ſucceſſerit: nam <lb></lb>præter Ariſtotelis teſtimonium monſtrat etiam ſenſus, ſi quippiam rarefacere libeat; id nos igni expo<lb></lb>nere, cuius actio prima ſine controuerſia eſt calefactio, ex calefactione rarefactio, nunc prima con<lb></lb>traria oportet eſſe principia quę non fiant ex aliis, ſed alia ex ipſis. </s> <s>& fallax ſit eius viri argumentum, <lb></lb>quòd ſic nonmodò ea principia ponenda ſunt alterationis & ortus, verùm etiam alię multę qualita<lb></lb>tes: quia nimirum nullum corpus gignatur, quin & ipſo interueniant, vt opacitas, pelluciditas, graui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4362"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tas, leuitas: & in eo deceptus ipſe eſt, quòd conſequens omne principium fore exiſtimauit: ſed tamen <lb></lb>cum aliis in hoc decreto generali conſenſit, vt primę qualitates corporum ſimplicium differentię ſint: <lb></lb>in his etiam numerare libet Galenum; tametſi ex his auctoribus quidam ſingulas, alij binas, pluresúe <lb></lb>ſimul iunctas elementorum formas eſſe volunt. </s> <s>credunt enim nonnulli calorem duntaxat ignis, aquę <lb></lb>verò humorem tantummodò formas eſſe: calorem alij cum ſiccitate; quidam his adiecerunt lucem, <lb></lb>leuitatem è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> coniunctis vna forma integra, & abſoluta conflaretur: ita de differentijs quæ his op<lb></lb>ponuntur, & de cæterorum corporum formis enuntiarunt. </s> <s>Neque me præterit quoſdam hîc mul<lb></lb>tum inſiſtere, quòd elementorum eſſentia in vna tantùm qualitate, pluriumúe collectione ponatur: ta<lb></lb>men quantum ad præſentem diſputationem ſpectat, inanis eſt hæc animaduerſio: quandoquidem om<lb></lb>nes ſunt æquè primæ, aut ex his quædam priores, aliæ poſteriores, ac ſi ita ſe habuerint, vt ex iis hæ pri<lb></lb>mæ ſint, illæ ſecundæ, hæ profectò principia non erunt: quòd ſi in eodem gradu fuerint omnes, eaſ<lb></lb>dem præſeferent difficultates, ac ſi vna tantùm qualitas ſingulis elementis, binæúe tribuerentur: nan<lb></lb>que eædem, quatenus eſt de re noſtra, ſingularum conditiones erunt, atque eius quod è pluribus qua<lb></lb>litatibus conſtat: etenim & definitio, & partes eius, & coniunctim, & ſeorſum in primo modo eius <lb></lb>quod per ſe eſt, prædicantur de iis quorum eſſentiam patefaciunt, & multæ differentiæ coniunctæ va<lb></lb>lent idem àc ſi vnum foret nomen quod eas coniunctim ſignificaret, <expan abbr="eiusq́ue">eiusque</expan> penuria plurimum facit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4363"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt multis vocibus eadem natura debeat exprimi: veruntamen oratio variatur; natura prorſus eadem <lb></lb>retinetur. </s> <s>Auerroës, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> D. Thomas, Ægidius, Monachus <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in hanc ſententiam acerrimis argumentis in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4364"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uehuntur quorum primum accipitur ab ipſo Ariſtotele, nempe. </s> <s>Quod vni accidit, alteri non poteſt eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4365"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe ſubſtantia: calor autem & frigus accidunt corporibus mixtis; accidunt ergo & elementis. </s> <s>Quin po<lb></lb>tius non ſolùm perſpicuè mixtis accidunt, ſed etiam corporibus ipſis ſimplicibus. </s> <s>aqua enim ita cale<lb></lb>fit, vt etiam magis calefaciat, quàm aër; & aër à frigore ſic perturbatur, vt magis item refrigeret, quàm <lb></lb>aqua, vel terra. </s> <s>Vtuntur ſecundo loco argumento Simplicij, de quo ſuprà dictum eſt, quippe quòd <lb></lb>nulla ſubſtantiæ differentia ſentiatur, quod eleuat item eorum ſententiam qui grauitatem & leuita<lb></lb>tem corporum ſimplicium formas eſſe putant. </s> <s>Tertiæ formæ quæ ſunt principia ſubſtantiæ, ſolent eſſe <lb></lb>indiuiduæ, nec plus, minusúe accipiunt: ita verò non ſunt affecta calor & frigus: atque hoc argumen<lb></lb>to vſus eſt Proclus in Timæo. </s> <s>Nam ſi plus & minus acciperent formæ, pari item ratione quæ ex for<lb></lb>mis eiuſmodi conſtarent, plus & minus haberent; at ſubſtantiæ, mirum quantum ab hoc attributo ab<lb></lb>horrent: quare neque etiam formæ ſubſtantiæ ſunt obnoxię tali attributo. </s> <s>ſic euitari non poſſet, quin <lb></lb>in ſubſtantia compoſita contraria forent, & protinus ipſe motus. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſubſtantię numeros imitan<lb></lb>tur: quibus ſi apponas, aut adimas vnum, continuò numeri forma variatur: at qualitates <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4366"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>miris modis ſubſtantia ſalua diſtinguuntur, & omnino multos gradus accipiunt: non eſt igitur, quòd <lb></lb>eas ſubſtantias eſſe ſuſpicemur. </s> <s>Ob hęc ergo atque alia multa perſuadebitur non magno negocio quiſ<lb></lb>piam primas qualitates non eſſe formas quę elementorum eſſentiam compleant, ac differentias, com<lb></lb>munius appellatas, aut quo ad deſcribunt differentias primas eorum: quia liceat nob. </s> <s>eas deſignare <lb></lb>nominibus accidentium, ſi fuerint ignotę, ex quo item factum ſit, vt accidentia quandoque ſumantur <lb></lb>in definitionibus & tale genus exponendi quid eſt deſcriptionem dialectici vocare conſuerunt. </s> <s>ita tan<lb></lb>quam tormentis validiſsimis Gręcorum ſententia concuſſa caruit propugnatoribus. </s> <s>Sed certè obſcu<lb></lb>ræ admodum <expan abbr="tenuesq́ue">tenuesque</expan> veri & falſi ſunt notæ, vt non niſi oculatiſsimis eas internoſcere ſuccedat, vt <lb></lb>mox patebit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4353"></margin.target>c 7. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4354"></margin.target>d 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4355"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4356"></margin.target>e 1. de Or.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4357"></margin.target>f 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4358"></margin.target>g T. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4359"></margin.target>h Alex. 1. <lb></lb><expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4360"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4361"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 41. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 50.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4362"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4363"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4364"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4365"></margin.target>c c. 2. artis <lb></lb>vis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4366"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Afferuntur in medio nonnulla quæ pro Gręcis de elementorum formis dici poſſunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EA quæ de partium formis in animante conſtituta fuere, te fortè perſuadebunt aliquod eſſe propu<lb></lb>gnaculum in quod ſe recipiant, & inde impetum <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> rationum infringant: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſicut anteà dictum <lb></lb>eſt, vna eſt forma totius quæ eſt anima: partes à temperie, <expan abbr="figuraq́">figuraque</expan>. </s> <s>impetrauere quae eſſent, aut bonam eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> illis acceptam retulerunt: ſic igitur dicere licebit <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> eſſe velut animal <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> cuius <pb pagenum="747"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4367"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnica ſit forma quæ conſtituat <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>; verùm ſi partium <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſpectetur; ea petatur ab accidentibus. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>quae vna ſit forma totius, accepimus aliquando ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> eſſe vnum, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4368"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò vnum eſt, vnius formæ beneficio ſolet eſſe tale. </s> <s>Adde etiam, quae cauſſam reddens Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cur <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4369"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animalia gignantur ex putri; vniuerſa animæ quodammodo plena eſſe teſtatur, cùm vis cęleſtis <expan abbr="qua-cunq.">qua<lb></lb>cunque</expan> pertineat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> rationes olim in medio poſitæ non tollent, quo minus qualitates elemen<lb></lb>torum formæ <expan abbr="reputent̃">reputentur</expan>, quà ſunt vniuerſi partes. </s> <s>At verò hoc decretum multis obiectionibus expoſi<lb></lb>tum eſt, quia tametſi vnus eſt mundus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>vnus per vnicam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; aliud tamen illud formę genus <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id à quo animal, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>partes informantur: etenim forma animalis eſt totius quidem primò, <lb></lb>deinde partium; ita vt in toto <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> partes <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma <expan abbr="potiant̃">potiantur</expan> per eandem ſubſiſtentes, & quanuis tem<lb></lb>perie figuraúe diſtinguantur; ea ſine ope animo nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> efficiunt: quandò manus à toto diuulſa, <lb></lb>licet eandem <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> retineat, ambiguè ſit manus. </s> <s>vniuerſi forma eſt extra totum, & per aſſociationem, <lb></lb>& conſeruans, & retinens in officio, ſingula dirigens ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> munus, opem ferens principiis per quę par<lb></lb>tes mundi ſubſiſtunt, non ipſa conſtituens, aut ſi poſita eſt in partibus eius, è plurium per ſe <expan abbr="ſubſiſentiũ">ſubſiſtentium</expan> <lb></lb>coniunctione, cuicuimodi illa ſit, exprimitur & erumpit: nec eſt vna ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> neque <lb></lb>mundus ipſe ſimpliciter vnus eſt: quandò elementa cum cęlo connexa, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> per cęlum & <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> ipſum <lb></lb>proximè ex D. O. M. ſunt apta, & vnum efficiunt, cuius partes in toto non ſint poteſtate, velut in nobis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4370"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſingula conſecuta ſunt proprios actus, quanquàm eiuſmodi, vt foueri debeant à cauſſa pręſtantiſsima, <lb></lb>tamen ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, hæc ſanè clarius, illa verò obſcurius. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> hunc tueri volunt, vt ſi eo <lb></lb><expan abbr="priuent̃">priuentur</expan>, malè cum ipſis agatur. </s> <s>Proinde eſſentia mundi <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> ordo quæ eſt habitudo rerum, quatenus <lb></lb>exiſtunt. </s> <s>vnde non tollitur ex his formis, quominus aliæ ſint propriæ formæ rerum: immò ſint neceſ<lb></lb>ſe eſt: ſiquidem <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> illa forma vniuerſi quæ ponitur ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> D. inquam O. M. proxima rei cu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4371"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="iuſq.">iuſque</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> nequeat eſſe, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè ſi res illa caduca fuerit, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab æterno principio fas eſſe ducunt <lb></lb>Peripatetici <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> proximè proficiſci quod caducum ſit: cuius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rei ſignum, quae <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> partes, <lb></lb>licèt à toto ſeiugentur, vt dum in alieno loco verſantur; retinent <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſuam naturam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſat eſt, <lb></lb>ſi dicatur ea <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> à forma totius abſolui poſſe: quandò illa <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> pertineat: etenim per conti<lb></lb>nuationem <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, quæ tamen <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> interrumpitur; vnde <expan abbr="mutãtia">mutantia</expan> locum progreſſu <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <lb></lb>intereunt; ab vtero aſſumunt <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> naturam, eius nimirùm quod continebat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item illud obſtat, quae <lb></lb>anima <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> plena ſunt, quoniam ſi accipiant <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> quæ fons eſt & origo motus intra animatum, & co<lb></lb>gnoſcendi <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan>, & aliquod vitæ genus affert, quid hîc cupreſſus cum naufragio? </s> <s>quis elementa vi<lb></lb>uere fatebitur? </s> <s>& tamen tribuet <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & quoddam principium eſſe concedet per quod ſint <expan abbr="ſubſtãtię">ſubſtantię</expan>, <lb></lb>& his, vel illis munerib. ſuapte natura <expan abbr="fungant̃">fungantur</expan>. </s> <s>Sed quid opus eſt hîc immorari, cùm <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>, velut ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4372"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentorum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> pluribus argumentis confutauerit Ariſtoteles? </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Hactenus <expan abbr="deiectũ">deiectum</expan> eſſe arbitror pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4373"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mum Gręcorum propugnaculum: alterum <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> inuadamus, & ſpectemus ſatis'ne defenſionis in eo ſit <lb></lb>poſitum: eſt verò tale. </s> <s>Calorem & frigus in elementis non eſſe vniuſmodi: quippe quae ita inſint, vt <expan abbr="sẽ-ſum">sen<lb></lb>ſum</expan> vehementiſsimè pellant: inſint etiam ſic, vt <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> fugiant ſenſum; illa plus & minus accipiant; hęc <lb></lb>ſine vlla varietate permaneant, vt quanuis aqua ferueat; nihilominus in ea vis inſit frigoris, cuius au<lb></lb>xilio ſe <expan abbr="tuet̃">tuetur</expan> aqua: illa eſſe accidentia, has eſſe veras elementi differentias. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>non acciden<lb></lb>tia ſimpliciter, ſed virtutes elementorum vocari: contra illa nitendi <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> illatas, <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> has Arabum. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Latinorumq́">Latinorumque</expan>. </s> <s>argumenta nihil ponderis habere. </s> <s>Et ita Simplicius elocutus eſt, & manifeſtè geminum <lb></lb>calorem in aëre poſuit. </s> <s>Verùm ſi res ita ſit, non quattuor primę qualitates, vt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ferè conſenſus ha<lb></lb>ctenus approbauit, ſed octo videbuntur. </s> <s>Quanuis etiam inter Latinos auctores de hac ipſa re magna <lb></lb>diſſenſio fuerit, <expan abbr="nõnullis">nonnullis</expan> in Græcorum <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> cedentibus & præter primas iſtas qualitates. </s> <s><expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-ſpicuas">con<lb></lb>ſpicuas</expan> aſſerentibus alias eſſe, quæ tactu non <expan abbr="diſcernant̃">diſcernantur</expan>. </s> <s>quapropter eas cum Ariſt. </s> <s>virtutes appellant, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab his ipſis differre ſic perſuadent. </s> <s>Quòd nulla qualitas adſit in mixtis quæ non præceſſerit in ele<lb></lb>mentis. </s> <s>Sed in mixtis inſunt qualitates quędam quaſi ſilentes: eædem igitur inerant prius in <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumeninuerò in hanc aſſertionem Bononienſes acerrimè inuehuntur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> præter id quae octo erunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4374"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qualitates in elementis, nec quattuor, vt ſenſus oſtendit, etiam, inquiunt, nulla nos vrget cauſſa ponen<lb></lb>di eiuſmodi qualitates, vt elementa <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> antiquum propter illas obtinerent: quinimmò tantum abeſt, <lb></lb>vt qualitates illę ſilentes auctores ſint elementis, vt priſtinas qualitates recuperent, vt <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> potius, <lb></lb>& id quod fieri non poſsit, ex ea poſitione conſequatur: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieret, vt idem à ſeipſo ſub <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ratione <lb></lb>pateretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ne <expan abbr="monſtrũ">monſtrum</expan> hoc probare cogamur, primum illud <expan abbr="repudiãdum">repudiandum</expan>. </s> <s>Nam quod aiunt <expan abbr="qui-dã">qui<lb></lb>dam</expan> geminos eſſe actus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poteſtates formales nimirùm, & virtuales: neque id eſſe abſurdum, ſi, qua<lb></lb>tenus in actu virtuali ſunt, ſeipſa ſuſcitent de <expan abbr="cõſimili">conſimili</expan> poteſtate ad actum formalem: abſurdum planè <lb></lb>fore, ſi ſeipſa immutarent de poteſtate formali ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> actum qui formalis eſſet; hoc inquiunt, quod illi <lb></lb><expan abbr="aiũt">aiunt</expan>, nulla ratione poſſe placere: proptereaque ſic eriperetur quaſi de manibus via philoſopho naturali <lb></lb>qua demonſtrare poſſet <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> primum ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> concretione materiæ <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> eſſe: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi argumen<lb></lb>tatur Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Omne quod <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, ab alio moueri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id à quo <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, ab alio moueri perpetuò, <lb></lb>vel in immobili <expan abbr="inſiſtendũ">inſiſtendum</expan>, & illud fieri non poſſe, quae <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>: immobile igitur; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>materiæ exors: <lb></lb>ſemper reſpondere licebit ad Ariſt. </s> <s>argumentum inficiando illam propoſitionem. </s> <s>Omne quod mo<lb></lb>uetur, ab alio moueri; quoniam ſi in actu virtuali fuerit, non ab alio ſanè, verùm à ſeipſo concitabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita cùm argumentando ad primum mobile quod eſt cęlum, quaſi gradatim aſcenderimus; nihil vltrà <lb></lb>quærendum eſſe dicemus, à quo moueatur, mobile ſit, ſiue immobile, ſed ipſum ex ſe moueri, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id <lb></lb>à natura <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> abhorrere, quippe quae actum virtualem obtineat. </s> <s>Et certè magnum pondus habere debet <pb pagenum="748"></pb>hæc inſtantia, ſi Peripateticorum placitis hæreamus: nam ſiquod corpus eſt, in quod ea diſtinctio ca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4375"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dere poſsit; id cęlum eſſe videtur; ſiquidem animal ab Ariſt. </s> <s>reputetur: atqui id animalis <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> per<lb></lb>hibetur, vt à ſeipſo cieatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> eſt, inquiunt, quòd robur illiuſmodi <expan abbr="rationũ">rationum</expan> vereamur: quandò nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>aliæ cauſſæ ſuccurrunt quibus <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> in ſtatum ſuum reſtitui putemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id quod apparet in mixtis, <lb></lb>de qualitatibus illis ocioſis, & quaſi ſilentibus exhibet negocium, qui multas eſſe mixtorum vites acce<lb></lb>pimus quæ elementorum propriæ non ſint, ſed è mixtura ipſa pullulent, & erumpant. </s> <s>Proptereà faceſ<lb></lb>ſant hinc iſti duo calores, & forma longè diuerſa à qualitate ſtatuatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4367"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4368"></margin.target>a 1 de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4369"></margin.target>b 3. de ort. <lb></lb>an c. 21.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4370"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4371"></margin.target>c 12 Met. <lb></lb>T. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4372"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4373"></margin.target>d 1. de in.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4374"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4375"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerrois ſententia de elementorum formis proponitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AVERROES quem multi ſectantur è Latinis, longè aliter de elementorum formis ſanxiſſe com<lb></lb>peritur. </s> <s>negauit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calorem, & cęteras eius ordinis formas, ſiue ſenſum mouerent, ſeu laterent in <lb></lb>occulto, ad elementorum <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> pertinere, ſed alias formas intus eſſe conditas quæ elementa conſti<lb></lb>tuerent, <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>nomine vacare. </s> <s>Cęterùm aliud eſſe illarum <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> earum, vnde mixta exiſtunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>quandò mixtorum formæ in indiuiduo conſiſtant, nec plus minuſúe accipiant, & ſicubi ſuperuenerit <lb></lb>alia forma, præcedentes aboleantur: forma elementi diuidua ſit, & multos gradus intra ſe habeat po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4376"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teſtatis quorum cauſſa intendatur & remittatur; & remiſſa cum alia forma oppoſita in mixto ſupereſ<lb></lb>ſe valeat. </s> <s>naſci verò <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> varietatem ex eo, quòd elementa parùm diſcedunt à materia; proptereà con<lb></lb>tinent <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> poteſtatis: idcirco illorum formæ non ſunt ſubſtantię ſimpliciter, quemadmodum for<lb></lb>mæ <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan>, ſed tantiſper à ſubſtantia declinantes accidens imitantur, in medium <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, velut <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> <lb></lb>& nigrum in <expan abbr="fuſcũ">fuſcum</expan>, aliumúe <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> medium colorem, migrantes. </s> <s>Videntur verò inducti, vt ita crede<lb></lb>rent à natura generationis: etenim natura gignendo mediis conuenientibus & proportionem inter ſe <lb></lb>habentibus vtitur; necnon vult antecedere præuias affectiones <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> ope materia <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> formarum <lb></lb>gradus accipiat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm per ſe ſit abſoluta poteſtas, & euehi ſuopte impulſu queat ad <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> formarum <lb></lb>genus in ordine mortalium aliquid interueniret oportuit quod & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſuperaret, & <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> perfe<lb></lb>ctionem non attingeret, ſed quaſi gradum ſubſterneret cęteris quæ ſupremum locum in naturæ ordine <lb></lb>ſibi vendicarent: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & elementa conſtituta quæ forent corpora <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> imperfecta, nimirùm, quòd <lb></lb>ſicut <expan abbr="vnaquæq.">vnaquæque</expan> res ſenſilis è materia, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> immanente principio conſtat, ſic ex elementis, vt ſuperſtiti<lb></lb>bus mixta conflarentur. </s> <s>Ergo formas eſſe neceſſe erat quę non eſſent indiuiduę. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conſiſtere ſimul <lb></lb>poterant aliquid de natura ſua remittentes, & tamen <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> in mixto retinentes, ac <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ad alias <lb></lb>ſuperiores formas apparantes. </s> <s>Huc igitur nos rerum natura ducebat; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>decretum eas accipe<lb></lb>re plus & minus, & in mixto retineri refractas, & medias <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> naturas eſſe inter accidens & ſubſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4377"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiam: alias verò qualitates eſſe, & verè accidentia, & <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> rationem fuiſſe conſecuta quę maxi<lb></lb>mè abhorrent ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſubſtantia: veruntamen, quod veræ <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formæ laterent, & nomine vaca<lb></lb>rent, <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſſe, vt primarum qualitatum nominibus exprimerentur. </s> <s>illud .n maximum ſignum eſſe vi<lb></lb>debatur, quae aqua accipit <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, vt nil <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan>, frigoris in ea relinquatur, & tamen conſtat <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> fri<lb></lb>giditate abiecta, aut prorſus, aut magna ex parte eſſe ſuperſtitem; hæc igitur accidens quæ ſubſtantia <lb></lb>ſalua diſcedit, & alia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> forma adeſt per quam frigore abeunte ſe aqua tutatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò Græco<lb></lb>rum fugæ ex periculo eos eripere poſſunt, aut <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> tormenta nocere. </s> <s>Nam quae aliqui ſe velut in tutiſ<lb></lb>ſimum <expan abbr="portũ">portum</expan> conferte poſſent, ad <expan abbr="coniunctionẽ">coniunctionem</expan>, inquam, plurium qualitatum; quaſi non ſit eſſentia, <lb></lb>quia ſola non ſufficiat, in <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan> afferat <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>; quapropter haberi accidens; fateor non eſſe to<lb></lb>tam <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, ſed nihilominus eſſe partem; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quæ concurrunt ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> conſtituendam, ſeor<lb></lb>ſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſunt in primo modo dicendi per ſe, & ea variata forma aquę <expan abbr="permutet̃">permutetur</expan> oportet: ac ſi dixe<lb></lb>ris eam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> adhuc in vno frigiditatis gradu perſeuerare, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> aquæ formam ab eiuſdem frigiditate di<lb></lb>uerſam facies: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea remiſſa, vel propemodum collapſa, tamen ſupereſt facultas cuius ope aqua in <lb></lb><expan abbr="priſtinã">priſtinam</expan> frigiditatem reſtitui poſsit. </s> <s>ſic etiam ſi ſtatuas in elementis illud <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> genus quod philo<lb></lb>ſophi quidam <expan abbr="mediciq́">medicique</expan>. </s> <s>virtutem vocant; protinus alias formas à qualitatibus ipſis effeceris, à quibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4378"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qualitates calor & frigus, vt illorum opera, vel inſtrumenta naſcantur. </s> <s>His illud item adde quod pro<lb></lb>nunciauit Ariſt. </s> <s>ignem .ſ. </s> <s>agere, non quatenus eſt ignis, ſed quia calidus, vbi perſpicuè ſtatuit diſcrimen <lb></lb>inter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ignis, & eius qualitates. </s> <s>Et planè magnum opus aggrediar, ſi quę in eam <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> dici poſ<lb></lb>ſunt, huc congerere velim, quibus accidens nonmodò haberi debeat eo nomine, quòd non explicet eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan>, ſed quòd ſit planè accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> argumenta pro parte affirmante concluſa contra poſte<lb></lb>riorem <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> habent momenti. </s> <s>Nam quòd Ariſt. </s> <s>ſæpius appellarit primas qualitates diffe<lb></lb>rentias, aut virtutes <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan>, dicimus <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> vſum fuiſſe tranſumptione, vel deſcriptione, & per ea no<lb></lb>mina, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> notiora <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> eſſentias alioqui nomine carentes expreſsiſſe. </s> <s>Illud etiam quod acce<lb></lb>ptum eſt, ab eo quae ignis calore perempto ipſe etiam tollitur; ab Auerroë perbellè reiectum eſt, neque <lb></lb>enim vera eſt illius argumenti propoſitio ſimpliciter accepta, nimirùm. </s> <s>Id quo ſublato aliquid tolli<lb></lb>tur, eius eſſe rationem, ſed addi oportet primò, id quod in propoſito euenire negamus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vnà cùm <lb></lb>calore formam ignis aboleri contingit, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimul ignis ipſe deperit. </s> <s>Et verò habent formæ quædam <lb></lb>accidentia quibus ſe tuentur, vt ignis <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, & raritatem, quæ, ſi <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> ab illo ſegregentur, è veſtigio de<lb></lb>ſtruatur: nam præ denſitate ſuffocatur, frigus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> afficit eius <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ad accipiendam <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> formam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſſumus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicere ſpecies ignis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>poſitas eſſe duas: alteram quæ eſt exuperatio caloris, qui <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> non reſpondet aquæ proportione, vt multi opinantur, ſed glaciei: alter ignis eſt vt fumus, & eſt aër <pb pagenum="749"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4379"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iam præparatus ad <expan abbr="accenſionẽ">accenſionem</expan>, hoc eſt, vbi exhalatio à copia vaporum exonerata fuerit, ita tamen, vt <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> humor inde fuerit prorſus exhauſtus, & cùm iam à calore fuerit attenuatus. </s> <s>primus ille ignis <lb></lb>ineptus eſt ad ortum, & <expan abbr="mixturã">mixturam</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in ſummo ſolùm conſeruatur, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cùm eius eſſentia in exſupera<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4380"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4381"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione conſiſtat: quapropter vbi illa exſuperatio remittatur, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ignis amplius non eſt, ſicut cùm frigoris <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4382"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>exſuperatio minuitur, non eſt amplius glacies. </s> <s>Hæc ipſa profert Ariſt. </s> <s>vbi cùm ſtatuat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ignem hunc <lb></lb>per ſe non ſubſiſtere, ſed eſſe ſemper in aliena materia, dicere item poſſent ipſum non eſſe verè ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>definiri per accidens quod eſt calor, cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiæ adſtipulatus eſt Alexander: alter <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ille qui fumus eſt, diminuto calore <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> interit, ſed remiſsionem tolerat, alteratur, & cùm cęteris <expan abbr="ele-mẽtis">ele<lb></lb>mentis</expan> ad <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> propagationem <expan abbr="cõfunditur">confunditur</expan>, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> de tali ignis ſpecie <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõcluſum">concluſum</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4376"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4377"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4378"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4379"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4380"></margin.target>a 2 de ort. <lb></lb>an c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4381"></margin.target>b 2 de Ge. <lb></lb>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4382"></margin.target>c 3. de ort. <lb></lb>an c. 11.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerrois ſententia de elementorum forma perpenditur, & id pręcipuè, an'ne intendatur, <lb></lb>& remittatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ABSVRDVM non putant Auerrois ſectatores elementorum formas eſſe medias inter accidens <lb></lb>& ſubſtantiam, & <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> plus & minus accipere. </s> <s>Res ſanè plena periculi: quamobrem hoc nos <lb></lb>in primis tentare conſtituimus, & <expan abbr="firmitatẽ">firmitatem</expan> huius theſeos explorare. </s> <s>Nam multa ſunt quæ me ab hac <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> reuocent: mitto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd inter id quod eſt eſſe in ſubiecto, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> non incidat, cùm oppo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4383"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nantur vt contradicentia; ex quo efficitur, vt quicquid eſt, ſit neceſſariò ſubſtantia, vel accidens: mitto <lb></lb>etiam quae ex membri vnius acceſsione multiplicarentur partes entis; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> iis ſolummodò vſum fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> in vniuerſa ſua philoſophia cum diuina, tum naturali ſic <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan> eſt, vt hæc multò cer<lb></lb>tiora ſint, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illa, quæ apud Sagram: ſiquidem hac adiecta nota abſoluta eſſe .ſ. </s> <s>in ſubiecto abſolutè, & <lb></lb>non eſſe conſimiliter; vim minuerent <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> dicentibus; quapropter in illis medium eſſe poſſet. </s> <s>Illa prę<lb></lb>terire nequeo, quae ens ita diſtributum eſt in decem prima genera, & <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> figuras dictionis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſin<lb></lb>gulis generibus elementa propria, quæ ſunt actus & poteſtas, ſingulis aſsignata <expan abbr="ſeorsũ">ſeorsum</expan>, vt ex illis fiant <lb></lb>propoſitiones negantes quæ medio vacent. </s> <s>Ergo ſicut nihil eſt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> inter quantum & quale, ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam & reliqua accidentia, ſic neceſſe eſt, nullum medium interueniat inter accidens & ſubſtantiam; <lb></lb>præſertim quòd accidens eſt <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> ad vnum; id verò nihil aliud ponit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> partes: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> medium eſſe <lb></lb>oportebit inter <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, & aliud quoddam è ſingulis generibus aſsignetur igitur. </s> <s>Cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perſpi<lb></lb>cuum non eſt <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dum explicat ſubſtantiæ partes <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> numerare in ſubſtantiis, <expan abbr="eundemq́">eundemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4384"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ſtatuere formam, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> fuerit cauſſa quòd ſint, omnibus quę ſic ſunt, vt non dicantur <lb></lb>de ſubiecto; hoc eſt, non inſint in ſubiecto? </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> argumentabor è contextu. </s> <s>Omne quod eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>exiſtentiæ iis quæ non ſunt in ſubiecto, eſt ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Forma elementi eſt principium exiſtentiæ ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4385"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mento quod non eſt in ſubiecto, vt ait ibi Ariſtoteles? </s> <s>Ergo forma elementi eſt ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Prætereà <lb></lb>manifeſtum eſt ſubſtantiam è non ſubſtantia fieri non poſſe, & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> magis eſſe ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan>, & compoſitum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Vel igitur elementum non erit ſubſtantia, & per <expan abbr="conſecutionẽ">conſecutionem</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa, quę con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4386"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtant ex elementis: proinde periculum imminebit, nequid intra cęli complexum ſubſtantia fit, cùm <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <lb></lb>vel elementum ſit, vel ex elementis, vel forma minus erit ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> compoſitum & materia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>& materia, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ſunt planè ſubſtantiæ, forma quiddam minus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſubſtantia plus & minus ac<lb></lb>cipiens. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quòd de elemento prædicantur primæ qualitates, quas tu vis eſſe accidentia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm accidentia tribuuntur ſubiecto per <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> quæ de materia prædicatur: atqui talis ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia actus eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem vel mixtus è pluribus <expan abbr="entiũ">entium</expan> generibus qui non datur, aut ex ordine <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſubſtantia: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tres eius partes, actus, poteſtas, & quod ex ambobus. </s> <s>Rurſus id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4387"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod continent accidentis cui'nam, obſecrò, erit accidens? </s> <s>an'ne materiæ? </s> <s>vnde ergo ipſa, cùm ſit po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4388"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tentia ſubſtantia, promouebitur ad actu ſubſtantiam? </s> <s>ſic accidens per ſe ſubſtantiam facere poterit, <lb></lb>quod fieri non poſſe ſuprà oſtendimus: an'ne compoſito? </s> <s>erit igitur vnum per accidens, ſi ex ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia & accidente confletur: an'ne ſibi ipſi? </s> <s>atqui hoc erit multò ineptius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud quod paſsim ſequa<lb></lb>ces Auerrois obiiciunt. </s> <s>Quod vni eſt accidens, alteri non poſſe eſſe ſubſtantiam, vel alicui ſubſtantiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4389"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidere: erit enim ſibi ipſi accidens. </s> <s>Et verò nihil per ſe magis quàm quòd homo ſit homo: aliter <lb></lb>eſſet homo & non homo. </s> <s>His adde, quòd ſi media quædam eſt natura inter accidens & ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam, vel eſt per negationem, vel participationem vtriuſque extremi; dic etiam, ſi placet, vt Zimara, <lb></lb>per collationem. </s> <s>At verò per negationem medium eſſe nequit; aliter aliquid eſſet quod decem <lb></lb>genera generaliſsima non continerent: ſi ex participatione medium feceris, in alterutrum mutari po<lb></lb>terit: tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ingenium eius medij: quin & extrema ſecum mutabuntur: nam quæ ita <expan abbr="cõponuntur">componuntur</expan> <lb></lb>inter ſe mutuas habitudines obtinent actus .ſ. </s> <s>& poteſtatis: <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita viridis color & albus & niger fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4390"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& albus conuertitur in nigrum. </s> <s>Sic igitur elementum modò ſubſtantia foret, aliàs accidens, & in ac<lb></lb>cidens ſubſtantia migraret. </s> <s>Et vtar hîc argumento Ariſtotelico. </s> <s>Quæ non ſunt in eodem genere non <lb></lb>habent medium. </s> <s>Accidens, & ſubſtantia ſunt eiuſmodi, vt ſub eodem genere non <expan abbr="cõprehendantur">comprehendantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo accidens & ſubſtantia non habent medium. </s> <s>Sed enim nec quae huiuſmodi fit per collationem: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb>etiam vos <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> Auerrois affectæ prædicatis. </s> <s>Id quod tale eſt per ſe, <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> <expan abbr="cõparatum">comparatum</expan> eiuſdem modi ſem<lb></lb>per eſſe. </s> <s>Verùm ſit vel vt in animalium genere Zoophyton, quod eſt plantæ <expan abbr="ſimillimũ">ſimillimum</expan>, vt cùm ſit ani<lb></lb>mal, nihilominus propter ſimilitudinem planta <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> habeatur; viuit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> affixum vt planta: fortè ac<lb></lb>cipit alimentum forinſecùs apparatum: quæ'nam erit iſta ſimilitudo formæ elementi & accidentis? <lb></lb></s> <s>ea profectò, quae accipit plus & minus, in quo videtur imitari qualitates: earum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> proprietas hæc eſt, vt <lb></lb> <pb pagenum="750"></pb>quicquid aliud accipit plus & minus, ſeu fuerit ad aliquid, ſiue ex eo quod eſt agere, vel pati; quae plus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4391"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& minus accipiat, qualitati acceptum referre <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>. </s> <s>Atqui multò minus diſtant æra lupinis. </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>qualitas ipſa ſemper eſt eadem & indiuidua: quale eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non qualitas quod intenditur & remittitur: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4392"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hic contrà ſe res habet: ſiquidem formæ plus <expan abbr="minuſq́">minuſque</expan>. </s> <s>accipiant, quod eſt in materia maneat idem: <lb></lb>nec verò magis minuſúe dicitur aqua, vel terra nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> magis repugnat ſubſtantiis <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>, ſed vt <lb></lb>ipſi autumant, forma terræ & aquæ. </s> <s>Nec planè <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> magis aduerſatur Peripateticorum dogmatis, <lb></lb>aut formæ, quatenus forma eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd intendatur & remittatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> Ariſtoteles voluit formas eſſe <lb></lb>ſimiles <expan abbr="numerorũ">numerorum</expan>, & iis plus & minus denegauit, ac ſi quo pacto cenſuit plus & minus, ad ſubſtantias <lb></lb>pertinere <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> id illis conceſsit; quatenus ſunt cum materia. </s> <s>Prætereà Porphyrius apertiſsimè ſumpſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4393"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in genere & differentiis <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> rationem intentionis & remiſsionis eſſe poſſe; proptereaque ſi horum eſ<lb></lb>ſet aliqua varietas, & res, quę ſunt ex ipſis <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> variarentur in eo, quòd eſſent: at hoc eſt prorſus inua<lb></lb>riabile, & genera igitur, & differentiæ. </s> <s>Cur ergo non ſic argumentabimur & nos? </s> <s>Si formæ intendun<lb></lb>tur & remittuntur, ergo & elementa. </s> <s>Sed elementa non mutantur; nec eorum formæ igitur. </s> <s>Inſuper <lb></lb>ſi & mixta conſtantur ex elementis & horum principia remittuntur & intenduntur, efficietur etiam, <lb></lb>vt mixta ſimiliter afficiantur: ergo <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> ſubſtantiæ genus intendetur & remittetur, ſiquidem omne ſit <lb></lb>aut elementum, aut ex elemento. </s> <s>Accedunt & illa quæ perpetuò profeſſus eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>commotis princi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4394"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>piis, ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmoueri">commoueri</expan>, quæ ſunt ex principiis. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> illorum iudicium eſt, vt pariter & formæ, & ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4395"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> formæ ſunt, immutentur. </s> <s>idcirco ſi forma variabitur, & elementum non permanebit, ac ſi per<lb></lb>maneat elementum, formas item inuariabiles eſſe oporteat. </s> <s>Illa quoque me diſſuadent, quae forma <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> <lb></lb>finis generationis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>poſita eſt, & indiuidua, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> cum vltima potentia, necnon quòd ſi plus <lb></lb>& minus haberet <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, ſubiiceretur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contrariis & motui, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt id verbo ſignificante ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4396"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ceſsitatẽ">ceſsitatem</expan> nobis expreſſerit Ariſt. </s> <s>quæ cùm abſint à ſubſtantia, non video quo pacto plus & minus ipſi <lb></lb>tribui poſsit, niſi vt proficit in poteſtate, quemadmodum multò anteà declarauimus, quod illi materię <lb></lb>priuilegio non beneficio formæ contingit. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> paſsim ab Ariſt. </s> <s>approbata, & generatim ſum<lb></lb>pta ſine vlla diſtinctione formarum. </s> <s>quare non <expan abbr="poſsũ">poſsum</expan> non admirari <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> tanti ponderis omiſſam fuiſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm fac eam diſquiſitionem acrioribus ingeniis fuiſſe <expan abbr="relictã">relictam</expan>, & Auerroëm vidiſſe Ariſt. </s> <s>dicta perti<lb></lb>nere ad formas perfectas; imperfectas verò non attingere, ſpectemus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nunc, an'ne ea diſtinctio pla<lb></lb>cere potuerit Ariſtoteli. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt à generalibus ordiar, & hęc quæ profecti ſumus ex Ariſt. </s> <s>communiter <lb></lb>accepta, & ad ſimplicia corpora potiſsimè pertinere vis methodi nos admonet; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> generalia ſunt prę<lb></lb>ponenda ſpecialibus & <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> conſideratio conſiderationi mixtorum. </s> <s>quapropter veriſimile eſt <lb></lb>ea quæ de generatione & alteratione <expan abbr="aliiſq́">aliiſque</expan>. </s> <s>motibus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>conſtituta fuerunt in methodo naturali <lb></lb><expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan> eorum quæ fiunt in ſublimi, & <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> corporibus conuenire generatim, & ſpecia<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4397"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tim primis, & elementis: aliter peruerteretur vniuerſus ordo tractationis; quippe quòd minus com<lb></lb>munia pręcederent, & ea quæ pertinent ad mixta quæ ſunt poſteriora natura: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>generatim defen<lb></lb>denda, pręſertim quae non aliter, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> decreuerit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Cominus accedo nunc ad ea quæ magis pro<lb></lb>pria ſunt noſtræ ſpeculationis. </s> <s>Formam <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> teſtatur præceptor admirandus <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſſe, & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ge<lb></lb>nerationis: ergo in forma ſubſtantiæ plus & minus eſſe nequit. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conſequatur hoc, ita probo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi minus eſſet; vlterius adhuc generatio procedere poſſet, vt ſi fieret ignis & ad quintum gradum <lb></lb>perueniret; ignis eſſet, ſi forma diuidua, ſed cùm adhuc ad <expan abbr="octauũ">octauum</expan> pro moueri poſſet, iam forma exti<lb></lb>tiſſet; nec tamen <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> generationis eſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò te <expan abbr="cõturbari">conturbari</expan> volo, quae ignis hîc fieri ſumatur, quaſi <lb></lb>aliter res proceſſura ſit; ſi ignis iam factus refringatur, & rurſus refocilletur, & inſtauretur: ſiquidem <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit gradus; & idem medium, per quod tranſit, & vbi manet dum producitur, & prouehitur ad <expan abbr="ſum-mũ">ſum<lb></lb>mum</expan>, ac dum à ſummo ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> deducitur: ergo <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> ignis, & per <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> formam, neque tamen eſt <lb></lb>ibi abſoluta generatio, vt optimè vides. </s> <s>Prætereà generatio ſubſtantiæ fieret interceſsione medij: cęte<lb></lb>rùm hoc eſt proprium <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan>, non mutationis, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cuiuſmodi ponitur generatio: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe poteſt inter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4398"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eius terminos: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt inter contradicentia, aut contraria, ſed inter contradicentia medium non eſt: <lb></lb>ergo eſt inter contraria, vbi contraria, ibi motus. </s> <s>Verùm in ſubſtantia negatis eſſe <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4399"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum: nec medium igitur. </s> <s>Atenim, quòd hæc eſt ara, ad quam confugiunt, quòd hæc ad perfectorum <lb></lb>formas, non <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> pertineant, ſpecta etiam, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> hæc <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> accommodauerit Ariſt. </s> <s>ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> naturam: <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> agens de cauſsis <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> motus, eas duas aſsignauit: alteram quę foret per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4400"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe; dicebat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe generans: atque alteram quæ foret per accidens; erat verò arcens impedimentum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc ponamus ignim <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſſe abſolutum, & aliqua vi de ſuo loco deturbatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliquid amiſiſſe ca<lb></lb>loris; iam, vt vos vultis, <expan abbr="quiddã">quiddam</expan> formæ extinctum eſt, recuperet mox priſtinas conditiones, reſtituetur <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> forma, ſed enim reſtitutio formæ eſt generatio. </s> <s>Vel igitur aderit <expan abbr="generãs">generans</expan>, & ſic non ſufficiet id quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="obicẽ">obicem</expan> pellit, nec erit motus per accidens, ſed per ſe, qui fiet <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> à generante, vel ex ſeipſo ſe ad <expan abbr="priſtinã">priſtinam</expan> <lb></lb>naturam promouebit: ſic ſe ipſum gignet, & cùm habeat vim in ſeipſum & ſe traducendi de poteſtate <lb></lb>ſubſtantia ad actu ſubſtantiam: nil certè vetabit, quominus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſeipſum gignat ſimpliciter quod gene<lb></lb>ratim <expan abbr="reiectũ">reiectum</expan> eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> corpore, & præcipuè libro de motu animal. </s> <s>Valeat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hoc in virtute <lb></lb>illius argumenti quod intulit in <expan abbr="Auicennã">Auicennam</expan> ille Arabs. </s> <s>Idem .ſ. </s> <s>iudicium de toto & parte eſſe <expan abbr="faciendũ">faciendum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vereor item ne hoc abſurdum recidat in hanc poſitionem, ſiquidem <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi forma refracta ſit, adhuc per<lb></lb>manet ignis: aliter eſſet magis & minus ignis, quod ſanę mentis neruo confitebitur. </s> <s>eſt igitur, & actu <lb></lb>per ſuam formam. </s> <s>Sed quicquid ei ſuperuenit, quod eſt actu, vos accidens eſſe putatis. </s> <s>ergo & poſtre<lb></lb>mi formarum gradus erunt accidentia, & maior formæ gradus erit imperfectior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> priores, cùm ſit illis <lb></lb>accidens. </s> <s>Præterire non poſſum, quòd non rectè illa decreta fuiſſent, nec ſatis valida ratione confirma <pb pagenum="751"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4401"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ta, quòd in permanentibus <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non eſſe vnius eſſet <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> cum primo eſſe alterius: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> poſſet eſſe aqua <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, nec dum ignis eſſet corruptus, & ſi amiſsio formæ eſt interitus, aqua non eſſet, quę tamen <lb></lb>non dum corrupta fuiſſet. </s> <s>ſic illud ſequeretur quod obiecerat Ariſt. </s> <s>in eiſdem punctis temporis con<lb></lb>tradicentia conſiſtere. </s> <s>Quapropter aut contradicentia conſiſtent, aut contraria: aut ſi vna ſunt, con<lb></lb>traria non erunt, ſi non contraria, nec igitur ibi magis & minus: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illò reuertar. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi magis & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4402"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minus in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecie, <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> neceſſariò inerunt: at hîc contraria non ſunt, nec igitur magis & minus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Exiſtimabis fortaſſe <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> contingere in formis <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in qualitate (ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qualitatem ſu<lb></lb>mo, quòd <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formæ <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> maximè <expan abbr="imitent̃">imitentur</expan>) quòd magis minuſúe <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> eſt, & fit <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſt, antequàm ſit abſolutè <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>: proptereà calidum eſt, antequàm frigus <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> diſceſſerit, & <lb></lb>non eſt <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>, priuſquàm totum fuerit <expan abbr="extinctũ">extinctum</expan>, ſicut ergo in his, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> veremur contradicentia, aut <lb></lb>contraria, & <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt aliquid antequam <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> generationis acceſſerit, ſic de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formis eſſe <lb></lb>dicendum. </s> <s>Tamen ratio valde diſpar, quòd <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> plus & minus eſt, & contraria fundantur actu ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, & intra ſe <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> habent quę ſub variis gradibus <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> actu potitur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & eandem <expan abbr="denomi-nationẽ">denomi<lb></lb>nationem</expan> ſolent admittere, & quanuis remiſſa, & refracta conſiſtere, ſed ſubſtantiæ fundamentum pote<lb></lb>ſtas eſt, & actu nihil eius quod <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="adueniẽte">adueniente</expan> forma eſt actu ſimpliciter, & ſimpliciter ens quod <lb></lb>anteà non erat ſubſtantia, niſi quia poterat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> generationis termini prorſus repugnant, nec quod fit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4403"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alterius <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> veluti <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> continet, vnde eſt mutatio inter contradicentia. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> mutatione <lb></lb><expan abbr="contradicentiũ">contradicentium</expan> ratio comprehenditur, & in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non eſſe eius quod interibat, <expan abbr="cõgruit">congruit</expan> cùm primo <lb></lb>eius eſſe quod <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, tamen quia ſubſtantiæ quæ fit, nullus actus antecedit, actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſubſtantiæ ſem<lb></lb>per accidenti ſubiicitur; ex hoc fit, vt cauſſa actus ſubiecti, accidens ſub <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſſentia varietur, nec in <lb></lb>indiuiduo conſiſtat, nec inter contradicentia accidentis mutatio procedat, ſubſtantia contrà exiſtit indi<lb></lb>uiduo, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit ignis, non dùm eſt, vel factus eſt, & <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt ignis, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> puncto; ſi minus, illa <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>ſequerentur, quæ nos ex 5. & 6. Phyſ. retulimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hîc valet admodum, ſi dixeris <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non eſſe <lb></lb>& primum eſſe fore imperfecta, & cùm forma ſubſtantiaúe, quæ tum <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan> <expan abbr="cõgruentia">congruentia</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ilico <lb></lb><expan abbr="opponã">opponam</expan> conſilium Ariſt. </s> <s>de 6. Phyſ. quae non erit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma, nec <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> denominatio ſubſtantiæ: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>fundamenta, vel parietes, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> verò domus. </s> <s>Addo etiam quae hę formæ partim non eſſent in ſubiecto, <lb></lb>partim <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſſent: ſpecto partem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>, quæ eſt in ſubiecto, & quæro vndénam habeat eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè <lb></lb>à materia, quia materia prima eſt huius formæ <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, quæ non dat eſſe, cùm ſit poteſtas, quòd ſi ab <lb></lb>ea parte, quæ exiſtebat in materia; ergo <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> nonmodò ad aliud accidens & ſubſtantia, ſed ad idem ſim<lb></lb>pliciter. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> commune <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> inanimis, quòd idem proceſſus qui attinet ad motus, ergo ex cauſ<lb></lb>ſa <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo ſe habente; atqui hæc eſt forma, & forma igitur in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> in animis <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo ſe habet. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4404"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nolo item prætermittere, quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nos monuit Ariſt. </s> <s>mutationem in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma ad plus & minus eſ<lb></lb>ſe alterationem, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verba ſunt quæ de induſtria recito, vt ex phraſi Græca generatim pronuncia<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4405"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ta fuiſſe perſpicias. <foreign lang="grc">Ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ ἀυτῷ είδει μεταβολὴ ἐπι τὸ μᾶλλον καί ἧττον ἀλοιωσις ἐστιν</foreign>. </s> <s>Mutatio <lb></lb>verò in eadem ſpecie ad plus & minus eſt alteratio. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi hæc protulit Ariſt. </s> <s>vt <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> mutationem <lb></lb>eius generis <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> eſſe voluerit, aut progreſſus ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> nuncupabitur alteratio, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> dare conuenit, aut ſi non eſt alteratio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in plus & minus in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecie mutatio <expan abbr="cõtinget">continget</expan>, <lb></lb>ſi ſpeciatim verba Ariſt. </s> <s>exponamus, vt voluit Simplicius; nempe cùm geminus progreſſus in qualitate <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpectet̃">ſpectetur</expan>, & è frigido in <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, & è minus calido in calidius, quòd docere voluerit Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> progreſ<lb></lb>ſum in alterationibus eſſe <expan abbr="reponendũ">reponendum</expan>, in eo loco, vbi profitetur ſe <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="mutationũ">mutationum</expan> nomina cum gene<lb></lb>ratim, tum ſigillatim tradere, <expan abbr="deſiderandũ">deſiderandum</expan> erit adhuc, quod' nam <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de cęteris mutationibus ſit fa<lb></lb>ciendum, <expan abbr="ſiquãdo">ſiquando</expan> fiant ad plus & minus in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecie, præſertim cùm talis mutatio non pertineat ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> prædicamenta communiter. </s> <s>Etenim in bicubito, vel linea quæ mutatio <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> euenire ad plus & mi<lb></lb>nus, & vniuersè (ni fallor) ad ea quæ mutata cum <expan abbr="cõparatione">comparatione</expan> non exptimuntur? </s> <s>Sed mittatur hoc <lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, de qua nunc eſt controuerſia, ſit corpus in loco, vt ignis in ſuperiore, planum eſt, quae <lb></lb>ignis per ſe tum eſt in loco, cùm genitus eſt; verùm ſit in infima eius loci parte, <expan abbr="aſcẽdat">aſcendat</expan> in ſuperiorem; <lb></lb>fiet'ne magis ignis? </s> <s>minimè quidem, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perfectus eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eius erit abſoluta forma, aut ſolùm magis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4406"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="operabit̃">operabitur</expan> ex natura: atqui hæc eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐπιδοσις</foreign> & profectus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteratio <expan abbr="perficiẽs">perficiens</expan>, vt longo ſermone nos <lb></lb>olim ſignificauimus. </s> <s>Reſtat mutatio ſubſtantiæ; atqui nec plus & minus accipit, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> quan<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Quare concludendum eſt alterationem eſſe, & ad <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> ſpectare ſolùm <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> mutationem quæ <lb></lb>ſit in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecie in plus & minus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, non ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> pertinere, & alias mutationes hoc <lb></lb>attributo fuiſſe excluſas, quae partes qualitatis ſolùm & in primis in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecie videantur habere latitu<lb></lb>dinem propter contraria, quæ propriè ſunt in qualitate, & actum ſubſtantiæ ſubiectum. </s> <s>Hæc ita con<lb></lb>ſtanter ab Ariſt. </s> <s>approbata, & perpetuò conſenſu ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> retenta eſſe perſpicio, vt quicquid ab his alie<lb></lb>num pronuncietur, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> repudiandum putem, vt non Ariſtotelicum. </s> <s>Maneant igitur hæc ele<lb></lb>menti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> mediam non eſſe inter accidens & ſubſtantiam, & eandem plus & minus non accipere.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4383"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4384"></margin.target>d 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4385"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4386"></margin.target>e 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4387"></margin.target>f 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4388"></margin.target>g 10 Met. <lb></lb>T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4389"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4390"></margin.target>h 10. Met. <lb></lb>Tt. 22. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4391"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4392"></margin.target>a Præd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4393"></margin.target>b 8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4394"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4395"></margin.target>c 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb><gap></gap>. </s> <s>ad Eud.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4396"></margin.target>d 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4397"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4398"></margin.target>e 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4399"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4400"></margin.target>f 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4401"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4402"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4403"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4404"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4405"></margin.target>b 5. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 19.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4406"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliqua ex Græcorum dictis afferuntur, & exponitur qui ſit animi nostri ſenſus de elementorum <lb></lb>formis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVOD aliquando de Græcorum <expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="dubitatũ">dubitatum</expan> eſt, in eorum vero philoſophia ſit ita illuſtre, <lb></lb>vt nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> plus, hanc <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan> ſuſpicionem minuere conſtitui nonnullis locis ex Alexandro <lb></lb>citatis, quibus ita rem ſe habere luce ipſa meridiana clarius fiet, & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> locus extat qui ab interpręte <pb pagenum="752"></pb>Latino imprudenter omiſſus eſt; nos <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> officio conſulentes, & <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> tibi declarabimus, & noſtra dicta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4407"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>viri illius auctoritate muniemus. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur in ſubſtantia terræ ſiccum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in aquæ verò humidum ineſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4408"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe palàm profitetur: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>hæc apertè pronunciat <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quorum <expan abbr="interprętationẽ">interprętationem</expan> te ex nobis audire volui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4409"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus, vt aliqua ex parte maculas ex eius libri verſione tollamus, quæ innumerę propemodum illuc irre<lb></lb>pſerunt. </s> <s>“Cùm verò eiuſmodi ſint ea quę coëunt (vniuntur) vt habeant qualitates, iuxta quas ea quæ <lb></lb>miſcentur, agere <expan abbr="patiq́">patique</expan>. </s> <s>valeant inter ſe (craſis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in his eſt quæ agere <expan abbr="patiq́">patique</expan>. </s> <s>poſſunt) tunc & horum fit <lb></lb>craſis: propter hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diuinum corpus abhorret à mixtione; <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> efficacitatem habens non <lb></lb>amplius à patiente ipſo repari poteſt: ſola <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea patiuntur quæ materia concreta ſunt: idcirco ſola hęc <lb></lb>inter efficientia repatiuntur, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> participant eandem <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: ea verò ex his quæ in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> mate<lb></lb>ria <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan>, re pati poſſunt, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> aduerſitatem ad ſeſe viciſsim: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quodlibet <lb></lb>à quolibet fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt patiatur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ſimile à ſimili: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> fieri nequit, vt inter ſe ſimilia patian<lb></lb>tur: ſiquidem inter differentia, & à differentibus, actio perpeſsioúe naſcatur. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa quæ <lb></lb>diuerſa ſunt aliquid à ſe viciſsim patiuntur. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt vox à linea <expan abbr="patiat̃">patiatur</expan>, quòd nihil à ſe mu<lb></lb>tuò repatiantur, quia nulla <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> natura ſubiiciatur quæ ſit paſsionis vtriuſque capax. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> agere <lb></lb>& pati in his eſt, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> materiam <expan abbr="ſubiectã">ſubiectam</expan> obtinentia, <expan abbr="aduerſitatẽ">aduerſitatem</expan> quandam inter ſe habent: <lb></lb>nunquàm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri poſſet, vt à colore dulce, quatenus dulce pateretur, nec à calido ſiccum, ſed neque à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4410"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>frigido humidum, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> hæc ſecum non pugnant, ſed tum in contrariis, tum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in mediis ineſt agere <lb></lb>& pati: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm à frigido calidum, calidumúe à frigido mutatur & patitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> humidum à ſic<lb></lb>co, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſiccum ab humido, ſed & quę media ſunt inter <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> extrema, quia miſceri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> medium cùm <lb></lb>alterutro ex extremis, cum alterius extremi vim retineat: accidit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſupradictis, cùm poſsideant <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & aduerſitatem habere inter ſe ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>: nam materiæ proprium eſt, cùm eadem ſit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> eſſe capacem. </s> <s>Etenim corpora vniuerſa quæ ortui & interitui ſunt obnoxia, in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ma<lb></lb>teria ſubſiſtunt; differunt verò per formas, & paſsiones quæ accidunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> quattuor corpora quæ ele<lb></lb>menta <expan abbr="dicunt̃">dicuntur</expan>, hæc ſunt, terra & aqua, aër & ignis, quæ <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> obtinentia <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> per formas inter ſe <expan abbr="dif-ferentiã">dif<lb></lb>ferentiam</expan> conſeruant: etenim <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> differunt eo, quae aliud <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> calidum <expan abbr="ſiccumq́">ſiccumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in his eſt eſ<lb></lb>ſe igni ipſi: eſt item ipſi eſſe in materia quæ hæc accepit, ſed in his certè <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> differenti ab aliis. </s> <s>cauſſa <lb></lb>enim materiæ quattuor illa ſunt eadem inter ſe: ex iis verò quoddam <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> & calidum (in his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>rurſus poſitum eſt eſſe ipſi aëri) aliud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> humidum (a quæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſi eſſe eſt ex his) illud <expan abbr="ſic-cũ">ſic<lb></lb>cum</expan> & frigidum (tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt terra) quas differentias, & aduerſitates cùm inter ſe habeant, inter ſe <expan abbr="agẽtia">agentia</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> patientia faciunt mutationes tranſeunte materia in illud efficiens, quod dominatur. </s> <s>Nam ſi vnum <lb></lb>ex his <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſuperet <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ ſibi <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> ſunt, & <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> præſtiterit aduerſitatibus quas intra ſe habet, <lb></lb>vt materia ſubiecta abiiciens illam <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> quam prius obtinebat, participet eius <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quod domi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4411"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="natũ">natum</expan> fuerit, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> fit eius interitus, quod ita <expan abbr="mutat̃">mutatur</expan>; generatio verò illius, in quod mutatio facta eſt. </s> <s>Ortus <lb></lb><expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> & interitus <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan> ex mutatione quæ ex actione, <expan abbr="perpeſsioneq́">perpeſsioneque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan>, hoc modo fiunt.” <lb></lb>In his igitur manifeſtè perſpicis primas qualitates <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas haberi, nec <expan abbr="vllã">vllam</expan>, vel tenuem <expan abbr="ſu-ſpicionẽ">ſu<lb></lb>ſpicionem</expan> potes obſeruare, quae hiſce differentiis, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> perſpicuis aliæ <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> latentes formæ deſcribantur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> ſolùm ab ipſis in controuerſia <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan>, an'ne quattuor primæ iam dictæ qualitates vniuerſam ele<lb></lb>mentorum <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> compleant, an'ne aliæ prætereà requirantur. </s> <s>Hactenus audiſti, quæ'nam Gręcorum <lb></lb>propè <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> opinio ſit de elementorum formis. </s> <s>Sed, mea quidem <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, quantum ſpectàt ad illud pri<lb></lb>mum caput. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne primæ qualitates formæ ſint, an non, neutri ſectę ſic <expan abbr="tribuendũ">tribuendum</expan> eſt, quin aliquid <lb></lb>alteri relinquatur. </s> <s>ægrè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> admodùm fatear qualitates illas <expan abbr="cõſpicuas">conſpicuas</expan>, & mutabiles <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas <lb></lb>eſſe; nihilominus vniuerſum officium conſtituendi corpora ſimplicia non <expan abbr="auferã">auferam</expan> primis qualitatibus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed anteà <expan abbr="diſtinguendũ">diſtinguendum</expan> puto de elementis & primis qualitatibus. </s> <s>Eſt verò perſpicuum <expan abbr="triplicẽ">triplicem</expan> <expan abbr="elemen-torũ">elemen<lb></lb>torum</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> à philoſophis haberi <expan abbr="ſolitã">ſolitam</expan>, vel vt ſunt vniuerſi partes, & in ipſo <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> ſedem occuparunt, <lb></lb>vnde à Deo O. M. rite gubernari queant, vel vt ſubſtantiæ per ſeipſa ſunt, ignis, aqua, aër & terra, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quatenus illis accidit eſſe principia <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi ad hoc officium ordinata ſunt: cùm tamen & <lb></lb>ex ſe ipſis exiſtant, & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> forma generatio <expan abbr="terminet̃">terminetur</expan>, id non iniuria dici poteſt accidere. </s> <s>Rurſus pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4412"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mas qualitates multis modis accipi monet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt in actu, vt ignis, dum <expan abbr="cõburit">comburit</expan>, vel in habi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4413"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tu, vt in calce, vel ſecundùm <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, vt candor in ferro, vel etiam virtute, vt <expan abbr="natiuũ">natiuum</expan> frigus in aqua fer<lb></lb>uente: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actus ipſe adhuc, vel ex virtute, vel ex habitu naſci poteſt. </s> <s>Ego hic habitum à virtute longè <lb></lb>diuerſum pono; quippe qui virtutem intelligi velim genus illud poteſtatis quod <expan abbr="ingenitũ">ingenitum</expan> eſt, & ex quo <lb></lb>pendet intrinſecùs <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> energ<foreign lang="grc">ει</foreign>a, ſiue primus actus, quod item à forma non <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> eſſe docui ſuperius, <lb></lb>ſed cùm ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> energ<foreign lang="grc">ει</foreign>æ etiam ſeparari poſsit ab ipſa per <expan abbr="obicẽ">obicem</expan>, poteſtas & virtus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>nun<lb></lb>cupatur. </s> <s>Habitus ille à me <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> qui deſcribitur ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in prima qualitatis ſpecie <expan abbr="collocat̃">collocatur</expan>, à paſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4414"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſione <expan abbr="patibiliq́">patibilique</expan>. </s> <s>qualitate primi ſignificati diſtans, quae aduentitius eſt, & pertinere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad animum; pati<lb></lb>bilis illa qualitas ingenita eſt, & eſt corporis proprietas ſolùm. </s> <s>ſic in hectica febre laborante, & calce ca<lb></lb>lor eſt habitus, in igni non eſt habitus niſi impropriè: veruntamen <expan abbr="vterq.">vterque</expan> calor ſenſui ſubiicitur, & af<lb></lb>ficit ſubiectum. </s> <s>Sed calor ille qui in tertia qualitatis ſpecie <expan abbr="reponit̃">reponitur</expan>, etiam diſtinguendus eſt: etenim <lb></lb>vel eſt in eo in quo eſt, ex natura, vel intrinſecùs, & ſpectatur, vel vt in ſuo naturali ſubiecto, vel vt infi<lb></lb>gitur in alio nulla præcedente mutatione ſubſtantiæ, vt cum <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> calefit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita calefactio procedit, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> conuertatur in <expan abbr="flãmam">flammam</expan>. </s> <s>Quantum eſt in quodam ſubiecto <expan abbr="ingenitũ">ingenitum</expan>, & ex natura, neutiquàm <lb></lb>accidens <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pàtibilis qualitas, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad eam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſt alteratio, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec ignis aut fuiſſe quic<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4415"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quàm perpeſſus aut alterari <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan>, dum fit calidus, ſed <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> antequàm <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> de forma ignis accipiat; <pb pagenum="753"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4416"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſic & calor eſt paſsio in ſenſu, non in igni. </s> <s>Proptereà ſunt qualitates ſpeciei tertiæ, & in primo ſignifi<lb></lb>cato, ad ſubiectum alienum, non ad proprium. </s> <s>& ad has eſt planè alteratio. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> in alieno ſubie<lb></lb>cto paſsio, vel patibilis qualitas exiſtit; in eo in quo inſitum eſt natura, aliud quiddam eſt, nec habitus <lb></lb>ſanè, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, ſed actus ſecundus qui eſt ex primo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem re <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> primo, differens connotato dun<lb></lb>taxat, vt diximus in primis ſermonibus cui <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> actui primo nomen eſt ex actu <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan>, ſed cùm à ſecun<lb></lb>do per impediens ſeparari queat, adiecto talem <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan> <expan abbr="exprimẽte">exprimente</expan> <expan abbr="notat̃">notatur</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> virtute calidum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare virtus eſt agendi <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, ab his deſcendit actus in aliud, vt à ſole lumen; actus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> in alio eſt <lb></lb>accidens, paſsio nimirùm in eo in quo eſt, & niſi <expan abbr="prohibeat̃">prohibeatur</expan>, eſt vnà inſtrumentum virtutis, vel ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ producentis. </s> <s>His ita poſitis aſſero <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, quo ad reſpicit <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, ex primis <expan abbr="cõſtare">conſtare</expan> qualitatibus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> virtutibus ſolùm, ſed actibus. </s> <s>Etenim miſceri eſt alterari; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſunt verò alterari, niſi ſint in actu, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo quidem ſecundo. </s> <s>Cęterùm quae elementum continet habitudinem principij, & alicuius, nempè <lb></lb>mixti, elementum eſt; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad illud habet <expan abbr="propẽſionem">propenſionem</expan>, ac ſuapte natura ordinatum eſt, vt interna hæc <lb></lb>habitudo cenſeatur, & non diſcrepans ab eſſentia, quia tamen aliquid ex ſeipſa ſunt, <expan abbr="actuq́">actuque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuo <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe contenta, facilè dabo eam habitudinem eſſe forinſecùs, & aduentitiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="remq́">remque</expan>. </s> <s>hîc ita ſe habere prę<lb></lb>dicabo, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in facultate ſentiente: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi illa in <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <expan abbr="inſtituit̃">inſtituitur</expan>, aliquid tamen <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> ipſius <lb></lb>poſsidet, ex quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in bruto citra <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> conſiſtit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> quòd ordinetur ad <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, non eſt ipſius natura <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4417"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter; aliter fruſtraretur eius maxima pars quæ non <expan abbr="copulat̃">copulatur</expan> cùm mente. </s> <s>Proinde elementi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="ſumit̃">ſumitur</expan> à calore, & conſimilibus differentiis eſt <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ab accidente, & vt dicit Ariſt. </s> <s>per <expan abbr="aſſociationẽ">aſſociationem</expan>, <lb></lb>ſicuti calor in ſanguine & ſpiritu, vt ſi quis ipſum tollat, & ſanguis, & ſpiritus vnà tollentur; aliquid <lb></lb><expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſubſtantiæ reſidebit: ita ſi <expan abbr="primarũ">primarum</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> actus auferatur elemento, poterit fortè eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, <lb></lb>non tamen erit elementum. </s> <s>Si verò vt ſubſtantia ſpectetur, aſſeuerabo <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> & frigus <expan abbr="cęteraq́">cęteraque</expan>. </s> <s>eius <lb></lb>ordinis eſſe vel formas, vel formarum partes: verùm non ſimpliciter, ſed quatenus virtutes ſunt, hoc <lb></lb>eſt, agendi principia notione ſecluſa <expan abbr="actuũ">actuum</expan> ſecundorum, quæ ſi in actu ſecundo ſint, tum maximè per<lb></lb>fecta eſſe prædicabo: <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>de his enunciabo quę multò anteà de actu primo <expan abbr="ſecundoq.">ſecundoque</expan> conſtitui. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="moleſtiã">moleſtiam</expan> mihi afferent illa quæ poſſunt opponi de virtutibus motricibus quaſi eæ corporum formæ eſ<lb></lb>ſe debeant, quòd perfectiores ſint, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alteratrices, ſicut etiam latio natura prior eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alteratio, & ſint <lb></lb>propriæ <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> ſimplicium, quà <expan abbr="cõponunt">componunt</expan> vniuerſum, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>præſtantior eorum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> videatur eſſe, <lb></lb>quatenus ſunt vniuerſi partes, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd ſint ſubſtantiæ per ſe ipſas, nec quòd <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> profeſſus ſit Auer<lb></lb>roës <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel, <expan abbr="aliiq́">aliique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> partium fautores: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi latio ſimpliciter eſt natura prior alteratione, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4418"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> in corporibus caducis alteratio prior eſt origine, & prius illa affici oportet, quod fit per qualitates <lb></lb>& paſsiones, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> gigni, & prius ipſa <expan abbr="gignunt̃">gignuntur</expan>, quàm moueantur, & potius calor eſt cauſſa leuitatis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> leui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4419"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tas cauſſa caloris: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> grauitas & leuitas agendi principia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habentur; caliditas & frigus <expan abbr="agẽdi">agendi</expan> prin<lb></lb>cipia ponuntur. </s> <s>Tum etiam negamus <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> prius eſſe ſuis partibus, quòd iſtæ ſint ex eo genere <expan abbr="par-tiũ">par<lb></lb>tium</expan> quas formales appellant, ſunt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> toto priores, ideò per ſe ſubſiſtunt à toto ſeparatæ, aliquid ex ſe <lb></lb>ipſis habentes extra totum. </s> <s>Quare falſum eſt, quae in illis eſſe ſit præſtantius, quod petunt à toto, quàm <lb></lb>id quod ſui <expan abbr="ipſarũ">ipſarum</expan> eſt proprium: etenim ex ordine partium oritur totum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> prius conſide<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4420"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rentur elementa, vt partes vniuerſi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt per ſe ſubſiſtunt, ſeu quatenus lationi <expan abbr="ſubiiciũtur">ſubiiciuntur</expan>, vnde eorum <lb></lb>ordo <expan abbr="ducit̃">ducitur</expan> in vniuerſo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt ſunt inſignita propriis muneribus & quaſi entia quædam abſoluta, <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> tota <lb></lb><expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan> ex vi methodi, non ex natura <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>, & id pendet prorſus ex <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali ſubiecti, non ex <expan abbr="eſsẽ-tia">eſsen<lb></lb>tia</expan> rerum: quandò motus eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> formalis noſtræ methodi, ille verò ſimpliciter prior & notior, qui re<lb></lb>ſpicit locum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> qui dirigitur ad terminos cuiuſuis alterius categoriæ. </s> <s>Poſita ergo <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali phyſicæ <lb></lb>methodi quæ <expan abbr="ſumit̃">ſumitur</expan> à motu, & inter ſpecies motus ea prima conſtituta quæ eſt latio; ex ea verò appa<lb></lb>reat ordo corporum ſimplicium in mundo, factum eſt, vt corpora ſimplicia prius <expan abbr="conſiderent̃">conſiderentur</expan>, vt vni<lb></lb>uerſi partes, quàm vt ſubſtantiæ per ſe. </s> <s>Sic igitur primas qualitates elementorum formas eſſe defen<lb></lb>dimus, tum vt principia mixti, tum etiam prout ſubſtantiæ ſunt ſimpliciter.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4407"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4408"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 16. eius <lb></lb>exp.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4409"></margin.target>b Lib. <lb></lb>de mixt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4410"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4411"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4412"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4413"></margin.target>c 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4414"></margin.target>d Præd. c. <lb></lb>de quali.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4415"></margin.target>e 7. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4416"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4417"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4418"></margin.target>a 1. de Ge. <lb></lb>T. c. 65.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4419"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4420"></margin.target>b 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur vis eius effati. </s> <s>Quod vere eſt nulli accidit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4421"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4421"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VRGETVR potiſsimum Græcorum theſis ab illo argumento. </s> <s>Nihil idem eſſe quod vni accidat, <lb></lb>& in altero ſit ſubſtantia: proptereà, cùm calor & in elemento ſit, & in mixto; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in mixto ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> accidens; idem non poterit eſſe elementi ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Maximum ſanè pondus huiuſce rationis, <lb></lb>quòd ſemper <expan abbr="inſiſtã">inſiſtam</expan> illo <expan abbr="argumẽto">argumento</expan>, quod in veteres intendit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Principia illius quod verè eſt, <lb></lb>eſſe item verè, hoc eſt, ſubſtantias: ſiquidem niſi ſubſtantiæ forent, & acciderent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſent in alio, vt <lb></lb>in ſubiecto, vel ineſſent in eo, cuius principia ſunt, vtputa in <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> bipes, & animal, vel in alio quopiam: <lb></lb>rurſus ſic ineſſent, vt ab eo in quo ſunt, ſeparari poſſent, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ea quæ per accidens inſunt, vel <lb></lb>ineſſent per ſe, & in ſecundo modo ipſius per ſe. </s> <s>Atqui nec inſunt illa in <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan>, vt ab eo <expan abbr="ſeparent̃">ſeparentur</expan>, quip<lb></lb>pe quòd <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> homo, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuò ſit animal, & bipes. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam in ſecundo modo per ſe: quandò <lb></lb>ea quæ ſic inſunt, accipiant in ſui definitione ſubiectum: homo contra definiatur per animal & bipes. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inerunt in alio <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> accidentia, quia cùm ex iis homo conſtet; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vt accidens, in <lb></lb>alio inſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Sic igitur argumentari licet. </s> <s>Si calor eſt elementi principium; ergo idem accidens <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="ndn">nondum</expan> poterit: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accidet elemento, vt igni: vel alteri, & cùm accidat, vel ab eo ſegregari poterit, <lb></lb>cui <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> accidere, vel accipiet id in quo ineſt, in ſui definitione. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic ineſt calor in igne, vt ab eo <lb></lb>ſine ſui pernicie ſegregetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> definitur <expan abbr="perignẽ">per ignem</expan>, quin potius ignis <expan abbr="vtit̃">vtitur</expan> calore, dum definitur. </s> <s>ſi alte <pb pagenum="754"></pb>ri accidit: ergo & ignis, qui ex calore conſtat; alteri quoque accidat oportet. </s> <s>Verùm ſi hoc enunciatur <arrow.to.target n="marg4422"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>abſurde, planum eſt quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> calor accidens eſſe nequeat. </s> <s>Sed calor eſt accidens; non <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> poterit eſſe <lb></lb>ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Noui <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan> accidens ſumi pluribus modis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> etiam diximus ab initio: inter <lb></lb>alios <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ille erat, quòd aliquid eſſet ſubſtantia, vel accidens ex modo. </s> <s>De hoc aliquid in præſentia re<lb></lb>petamus; mirificè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> adiuuat propoſitum noſtrum. </s> <s>De eo igitur quòd ex modo ſit accidens, & ex re<lb></lb>ipſa ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem de illo quod ſit accidens re vera, & ex modo ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dubitatur: ex illo <lb></lb>ordine <expan abbr="differẽtiæ">differentiæ</expan> ſunt, & poteſtates; ex hoc vniuerſa <expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan> poſſunt eſſe, cùm ſingula, vel vt in ſubie<lb></lb>cto ſumi poſsint, & ſyllogiſmo concludi, vel concluſa ſubiici definitioni in qua veluti per ſe exiſtentia <lb></lb>ſumuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> de cognitione Dei ac noſtra, quòd dicamus non eſt, quandoquidem ambiguè ſcientia ſit <lb></lb>in nobis, & Deo, vt quanuis in Deo ſit eſſentia, in nobis autem accidens, <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> eadem natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> con<lb></lb>ſeruetur. </s> <s>Sed in numera <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="exẽpla">exempla</expan> ſuppetunt, quibus oſtendamus id quod vni accidit, alteri non ac<lb></lb>cidere, & viciſsim, quod in vno eſt, vt ſubiecto, ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> non vt ad <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> ſe habere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi <expan abbr="pun-ctũ">pun<lb></lb>ctum</expan> eſt accidens in ſubſtantia, necnon <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; at in linea punctum, & in numero vnum non ſunt acciden<lb></lb>tia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſunt vt in ſubiecto, & pater accidit homini, neque tamen eſt accidens ad <expan abbr="filiũ">filium</expan>; quippe quae in eius <lb></lb>ratione continetur. </s> <s>Non negant <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> multi philoſophi <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, quæ eſt in materia ad formas, ad <expan abbr="ſubie-ctũ">ſubie<lb></lb>ctum</expan>, & formas longè ſecus ſe habere: quandò idem ſit cum ipſo ſubiecto, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſubſtantia: cùm reſpicit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4423"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſit ex eorum genere, quæ <expan abbr="referunt̃">referuntur</expan> ad aliud, & aſſerunt <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe ſubſtantiam; <lb></lb>accidens verò ad corpus. </s> <s>& Philoponus 2. de An. functionem per ſe <expan abbr="cõſideratam">conſideratam</expan> voluit eſſe accidens, <lb></lb><expan abbr="coniunctã">coniunctam</expan> cum actu primo ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Cenſuit Auerroës, figuram eſſe <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> partis organicæ quæ <lb></lb>eſt accidens in cera, & Ariſt. </s> <s>eſſentiam partis vniformis <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan> terminabat: calorem ſanguinis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <lb></lb>prædicauit. </s> <s>Et cui dubium, quae calor in charta ſit accidens, & in ſubiecto, in ſanguine, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt in ſubiecto, <lb></lb>quòd accidens ita ineſt, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsit eſſe planè ſine illo in quo eſt; veruntamen non ſit eius pars, vt nihil <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> rei quod eſt in ea, depereat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de parte quanti, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de parte ſubiecti, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de parte eſſentiæ, ſi<lb></lb>quando tollatur; verùm ſublato calore à ſanguine, continuo ſanguinis eſſentia perimitur: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> ſanguis, quod eſt humor terreus, vt ſubiectum, & calor vt affectio: quare calor eſt eius pars, <lb></lb>eiuſmodi quæ in eius totius <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſumenda ſit: non igitur accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Deniq.">Denique</expan> <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> accidens licet ad <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tiam">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitam">compoſitam</expan> ſit, vt in ſubiecto; ad materiam forma eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectio. </s> <s>Quid hîc opponam tibi Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>qui prima contraria per ſe voluit eſſe accidentia, cùm adiungerentur ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; degenerare protinus <lb></lb>in ſubſtantiam? </s> <s>Nunquid'ne dicemus <expan abbr="conclusũ">conclusum</expan> probabiliter <expan abbr="ſupponendã">ſupponendam</expan> contrariis eſſe <expan abbr="tertiã">tertiam</expan> natu<lb></lb>ram, ſi contraria principia, quandò ſic erunt accidentia? </s> <s>cùm ex antecedente falſo <expan abbr="cõſequens">conſequens</expan> non ve<lb></lb>rum per ſe inferatur, & Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan> prædicet eſſe eiuſmodi rationem. </s> <s>Num etiam fatebimur con<lb></lb>traria aliter ſumi, ac vt rem quę diuerſis modis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> rationem ſubeant, accidentis .ſ. </s> <s>& ſubſtantiæ? <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4424"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sic non reputabimus <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>, quod accidit in mixtis, ſiue in iis quæ ſunt affecta præter naturam, in ele<lb></lb>mentis eſſe <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> eſſentiæ. </s> <s>Proinde illi propoſitioni non eſt <expan abbr="aſſentiendũ">aſſentiendum</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed accepta reipſa, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cum modo commutata: ſic res quæ ſimpliciter eſt <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>, non transformatur in accidens, aut <lb></lb>contrà; at quòd immutet <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> habitudinem, negare non licet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ad argumentum <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> <lb></lb>facilè reſpondebo, non habere <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in re noſtra, quibus ſat eſt, ſi modus re ipſa conſeruata <expan abbr="cõmutetur">commutetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed illud ad <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> lucem ſubiiciam, <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> eundem non eſſe <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ponimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> volu<lb></lb>mus; eſſe <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> actu primo <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ſcdo">ſecundo</expan>; & illud planè quod eſt actu primo, ſiue in elemento <lb></lb>ſiue in mixto (eo ſumpto quae elementa remaneant in ipſo) eſt ſemper eſſentia, de actu ſecundo cùm in<lb></lb>ſit in igni vt natura, in aliis etiam per <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, ſi item ineſt igni vt accidens, quod <expan abbr="pleriſq.">pleriſque</expan> placet; iam <lb></lb>perſpicis ad rem nil facere <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, & falſam eſſe <expan abbr="aſſumptionẽ">aſſumptionem</expan>, ſi actus ſecundus eſt abſoluta rei per<lb></lb>fectio, in qua eſt; dicam ego <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> modum, non rem. </s> <s>Si ergo continet Ariſt. </s> <s>ratio rem; nil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <lb></lb>contra noſtra dicta concludit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ad formam argumentorum. </s> <s>Quod attinet ad rationem quæ <expan abbr="imi-tat̃">imi<lb></lb>tatur</expan> Ariſtotelicam. </s> <s>Quod in elemento eſt principium, vel eſt accidens igni, vel alteri, quòd ſi igni, er<lb></lb>go ſeparabile. </s> <s>ſi alteri, ergo & ignis alteri <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> accidet. </s> <s>Dico quod in elemento <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> eſt, id nulli <lb></lb>accidere. </s> <s>ideò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſeparari ab <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> efficere, vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> alteri accidat. </s> <s>Similiter cùm <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4425"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quod vni eſt accidens, alteri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe ſubſtantia, calor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt accidens in mixto: dicimus data pro<lb></lb>poſitione non eſſe eundem <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> qui accidit mixto, & quem <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> elementi facimus. </s> <s>ſi idem ca<lb></lb>lor <expan abbr="accipiat̃">accipiatur</expan>, vel dabo illum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> accidens eſſe elemento, vel <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> in mixto eſſe negabo, vel ex modo, <lb></lb>non ex natura mutari. </s> <s>Fortè oppones eundem eſſe calorem qui in elemento ex natura ineſt, & contra <lb></lb>naturam; nam tactus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> iudex eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi in eo in quo ineſt contra naturam, eſt accidens, & ibi <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> erit accidens, vbi eſt ex natura; aliter non diceretur vniuocè. </s> <s>Deinde nonnulli generaliter <expan abbr="inſtãt">inſtant</expan> <lb></lb>has elementorum non eſſe differentias, quòd Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſumit humidum ſine corpore non eſſe; accipitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4426"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corpus perfectum, quia debet efficere <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan>, & creare <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> inter duo corpora quæ ſint ari<lb></lb>da: atqui forma <expan abbr="iungit̃">iungitur</expan> cum quantitate interminata: humor igitur non erit forma. </s> <s>Necnon ſi calor <lb></lb>in igni eſt ſubſtantia; corpus mixtum calidum, cùm ex <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> & caliditate <expan abbr="cõponatur">componatur</expan>, ignis haberet <lb></lb>definitionem: præſertim ſi calor in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> ſit vniuocè. </s> <s>Quòd ſi in mixto qualitas, in igni ſubſtantia; <lb></lb>non diceretur vniuocè. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ad primum dicimus ſenſum non eſſe <expan abbr="iudicẽ">iudicem</expan> caloris illius quem nos <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> conſtituimus, & eſto quòd ſit iudex, non diiudicat modos quibus ipſa res eſt, & diiudicat <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan>, non <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, & naturam; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſcernit, ſit'ne calor hic ex natura; ibi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contra naturam, & vi<lb></lb>det <expan abbr="ridentẽ">ridentem</expan> <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, & animal vtens ſenſu; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen dignoſcit ſit'ne hæc functio quæ ſit eadem cum <lb></lb>eſſentia, an <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>, & an huic <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> ſit, quod alteri accidit. </s> <s>altioris cuiuſdam facultatis eſt hoc munus, non <pb pagenum="755"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4427"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſentientis. </s> <s>eſſentia <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt rei natura à conditionibus materiæ ſeparata, quod ſentitur eſt hoc calidum & <lb></lb>frigidum quæ eſt forma in materia. </s> <s>Cùm verò in eadem ratione eſſentiæ vis vninoci conſiſtat, & hîc <lb></lb>eſſentia modo duntaxat immutato conſeruetur; non <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, quin vniuocè ſit calor in igni & lapide, <lb></lb>ille planè idem qui ſequitur ignis portionem quæ continetur in mixto. </s> <s>Ad ſecundùm verò reſponde<lb></lb>mus, quanlibet formam <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> eſſe in corpore & in quantitate perfecta, ſed <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ipſam ſubſtantię <lb></lb>ſibi ipſi perficere <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan>, accidens potiri quantitate perfecta ab alia forma, quippe à forma ſubſtan<lb></lb>tię. </s> <s>Proptereà dicam ego <expan abbr="humiditatẽ">humiditatem</expan>, ſi forma eſt, ineſſe in corpore perfecto, quod ipſa ſibi formauerit, <lb></lb>diſtantia præcedente in materia tantùm. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi natura antecedit forma perfectioni <expan abbr="quãtitatis">quantitatis</expan>, actu <lb></lb>tamen, & tempore ſimul exiſtunt, & forma in materia, & perfectio quantitatis. </s> <s>Tertium cùm reſol<lb></lb>uatur in id quod in primo aſſumptum eſt, & inde conſequitur exitum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4422"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4423"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4424"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4425"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4426"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>T. 113.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4427"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur reliquæ obiectiones quæ contra Græcos de elementorum formis afferri ſolent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEQVE verò minus efficax habebatur illud tormentum quod à ſenſus facultate petebatur; quo <lb></lb>tamen ita liberè <expan abbr="vtendũ">vtendum</expan> non erat, vt paſsim fieri ſolet. </s> <s>Etenim & ſubſtantia cadit in ſenſum, vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4428"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſingularis eſt, licèt non ſine accidentibus, nam Callias noſcitur Diaris filius ex eo, quae eſt albus; vocem <lb></lb>habet gracilem, vnguentis delibutus incedit, & tactu mollis eſt: deinde quod cadit in ſenſum non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>accidens eſſe ſimpliciter, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeparatur accidens à ſubſtantia: nam ſic plus poſſet ſenſus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mens: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> quod <expan abbr="ſentit̃">ſentitur</expan> non eſt dulcedo, ſed dulce, & hoc eſt ſingulare quodiam eſt in materia: Quinimmo <lb></lb>cùm è differentiis quæ <expan abbr="cõplent">complent</expan> eſſentiam, nonnullæ ſint quæ ſunt propriæ formæ, veluti brutum, & ra<lb></lb>tione vtens quæ ſunt animæ ipſius, aliæ ſint ex materia, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> bipes, & aquarile, cui dubium <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin aliquæ ſi non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eę quæ à materia deriuantur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſub ſenſum cadant? </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> forma & ha<lb></lb>bitus, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> principia <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> ex actibus cognoſcuntur, nam cùm cęteroqui ſint indefinitè (<expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>poteſtas quatenus huiuſmodi, <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> quandam præſefert) per actus ipſos qui ſunt in ſingularibus <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſenſibus exponuntur: nam dum <expan abbr="contẽplatur">contemplatur</expan> homo iam ſpectat hoc A. cùm tamen habeat <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="contẽplandi">contemplandi</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> vocis elementa, ſed cùm ita ſint vt in materia ſenſili, iam ſunt ipſum compoſitum: pro<lb></lb>ptereà ſentitur propriè <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> quod eſt ſingulare, licèt per accidens, nec alio modo cognoſcàtur, vt <lb></lb>nos opinamur, & ſic ſubſtantia ſentitur. </s> <s>Quòd ſicubi ſubſtantiæ denegatus eſt ſenſus; hoc ita pronun<lb></lb>ciatum, quia cùm ſit natura prior accidentibus & materia ſenſili, poſsit à ſingulari ſeparari, & quæ per <lb></lb>ſe materiata fuerit, in vniuerſitate <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> perſiſtere, in qua pręſentat nobis plura ſingularia, vel ita, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4429"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſa ex <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> illis vinculis expedita nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> præſentet. </s> <s>Cęterùm reipſa ſic ſe non habet; verùm hæc <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> fiunt opera mentis, quæ <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, quæ alioqui ſemper exiſtit in materia, & cum accidentib. eſt con<lb></lb>iuncta, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>penitus ſingularis; ſine his conditionibus intuetur, & ex illa prima in formatione <expan abbr="no-titiã">no<lb></lb>titiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõfuſam">confuſam</expan> creat, ex poſteriore <expan abbr="diſtinctã">diſtinctam</expan>: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi ſolùm cadit in <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan>, & fugit <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ſenſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem cùm elementi eſſentia calor in actu primo ponatur; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>aliquando ſegregatus à ſe<lb></lb>cundo; cùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eſſentia ſeparetur à materia ſenſili quæ ſingularis eſt; quoquo te verteris; exitus quæ<lb></lb>ſtioni patebit. </s> <s>etenim <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> ſenſu percipi negabimus, quatenus eſt in actu primo; ſentitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per actum, <lb></lb>& in ſingulari: eo verò modo non eſt eſſentia, proinde falsò allatum fuerit <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> ſentiri, & idcirco eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam: conceditur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſentiri calorem, quia <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> ſentitur, <expan abbr="negat̃">negatur</expan> tamen ſentiri eſſentiam, quia calor <lb></lb>qui ſentitur, eſſentia non ſit. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſentia non ſingularis, quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſentitur, eſt ſingulare. </s> <s>At calor eſt <lb></lb>forma, forma verò non eſt ſenſilis. </s> <s>Verè dicitur. </s> <s>Sed calor eſt forma, quatenus à materia diſtinguitur, <lb></lb>& ita non ſentitur, vt ſentitur, eſt in materia, tum verò eſt compoſitum. </s> <s>Compoſitum ergo ſentitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod ad tertiam obiectionem ſpectat, ſatis ſuprà oſtenſum eſt, <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas non accipere plus <lb></lb>& minus. </s> <s>Verùm quid ego formas <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> commemoro, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> nec vlla qualitas alia magis & mi<lb></lb>nus accipere videatur? </s> <s>etenim <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> forma ſic poſita eſt in indiuiduo, vt nec plus, neque minus eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4430"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>queat: calor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt calor, idem ſemper eſt, ſed id eſt plus minuſúe in quo ineſt calor ex eo, quòd materia <lb></lb>plus minuſúe de forma concepit, ſalua tamen perpetuò <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt eſſentia <expan abbr="nuſq̃">nuſquam</expan> ſit, niſi <lb></lb>in termino motus, nec <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> perimatur, niſi ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> interitus. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calefit, calidum non eſt, niſi na<lb></lb>tura in <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> termino conſtiterit, & adhuc calidum eſt, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> in eo <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> caloris gradus extinctus <lb></lb>fuerit. </s> <s>Sic vltimum non eſſe eius quod interit, in idem recidit cum primo eſſe rei quæ genita eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Horũ">Horum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> cauſſa ſuperioribus libris expoſita eſt, & <expan abbr="indicatũ">indicatum</expan>, quemadmodum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> formæ poſita ſit in indiui<lb></lb>duo, quatenus attinet ad mutationem. </s> <s>Cęterùm quod ad formæ <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſpectat, ea ſemper eſt inuaria<lb></lb>bilis: nam quod eſt eſſe calori, ſeu plus, ſeu minus, eſt ſemper <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, vt quae ſegreget ea quæ ſunt diuerſi ge<lb></lb>neris, illa congreget quæ ſunt eiuſdem: hoc eſt illius eſſe: <expan abbr="quotieſcunq.">quotieſcunque</expan> id efficiat, plus minuſúe nihil <lb></lb>intereſt: ſemper eſt calor: etenim perpetuò caloris <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> retinetur. </s> <s>Et ea planè quæ ſecum conferuntur, <lb></lb>ſemper <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> participent neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Ergo & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> caloris & eſſe calori, & calor ipſe qui eſt idem <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſuo eſſe, <expan abbr="quotieſcunq.">quotieſcunque</expan> <expan abbr="ſeuocat̃">ſeuocatur</expan> à materia ſenſili, ſemper <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> conſeruabitur; <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> autem varietas ex ſo<lb></lb>cietate materiæ naſcetur, in qua ineſt infinitas, & partitio. </s> <s>Quapropter hoc intererit ei quod ſubſtantię <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="perhibet̃">perhibetur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteri, quod plus & minus accipit in materia, & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> qualitatis more denomi<lb></lb>nat, quae denominatio quæ fit ex qualitate, cum latitudine materiæ conſeruatur: at forma per quam res <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ſucceſsit debitæ affectioni materiæ, & contribuit rei, quòd ſit, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> permanet, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> altera <lb></lb>forma ſuperuenerit, quæ <expan abbr="denominationẽ">denominationem</expan> peruertat, peruertat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, cum ſui pernicie, vel ſecundùm ma <pb pagenum="756"></pb>teriam, vel ſecundùm <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> .i. </s> <s>quòd vel reapſe <expan abbr="corrumpat̃">corrumpatur</expan>, vel degeneret in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4431"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accipiat, quemadmodum pluribus à nob. </s> <s>olim fuit expoſitum: <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc mutatio exiſtit in tempore <lb></lb>indiuiduo. </s> <s>Quapropter optimè confertur cum numeris, quae eſt veluti <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> grex indiuiduorum, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb></lb>aliquo accedente, vel recedente denominatio <expan abbr="variat̃">variatur</expan> è veſtigio, <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr="amittit̃">amittitur</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco non eſt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>mutatio, quæ fit ex incremento & decremento eorum <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ratio conſiſtit, vt in accidentibus, atque <lb></lb>illorum, quorum, viciſsitudo rationem tollit, vt in ſubſtantia: hæc eſt mutatio quæ ſimilitudinem nu<lb></lb>meri pręſefert: illa <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> immutat, & cum <expan abbr="extẽtione">extentione</expan> <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> intra <expan abbr="eoſdẽ">eoſdem</expan> terminos <expan abbr="eſsẽtiæ">eſsentiæ</expan> ſe <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4428"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4429"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4430"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4431"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sint'ne ponendæ octo primæ qualitates in elemento. </s> <s>Caput XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HÆC ſi ita ſunt; patet vt primę qualitates accedere poſsint materię proximè, nec vlterius formę <lb></lb>interuentu egeant, vt exiſtant in materia; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item vt accidens ſine pręcedente forma quæ ſit eſ<lb></lb>ſentia, nequeat informare materiam: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſę formę, ſi velut actus primi ſpectentur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> proximè <lb></lb>inhærent in materia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud officit, quae qualitates appellentur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita dicuntur quemadmodum <lb></lb>reliquæ differentiæ, propter figuram dictionis, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quia tales re vera ſint: etenim differentia prędi<lb></lb>catur in eo quae quid eſt de <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>: accidens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non prędicatur, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> prędicatur in eo quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4432"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quale: nihilominus ex eo qualitas appellatur, quòd denominatiuè dicitur, vt qualitas, nam ſicut ab al<lb></lb>bedine deducitur album, ſic à ratione rationis compos. </s> <s>Græcè melius <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τοῦ λόγου λογικόν</foreign>, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>dicemus Ariſtotelem obſequi voluiſſe veteribus qui affectiones & qualitates omnia præter materiam <lb></lb>primam vocarent. </s> <s>Verùm quòd obiiciebant doctiſsimi Bononienſes qualitates primas octo futuras, <lb></lb>etiam flagitat inſtituta methodi ratio, vt & ad eorum obiecta nonnulla dicamus. </s> <s>Vt hęc ritè explicen<lb></lb>tur, in memoriam redeamus eorum, quę olim de elementorum motibus conſtituta ſunt. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>per ſe mouentur, dum gignuntur; & quantum in forma proficiunt, tantundem ſibi de loco <expan abbr="comparant̃">comparantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vbi ipſa genita ſint, & affecta pręter naturam, moueri ab eo quod remouit impediens, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>remoto de<lb></lb>leri quicquid ab ipſo præter naturam inuſtum fuerit, quòd adhuc pendeat ab externo, nec firmiter hę<lb></lb>reat, nec iam ſuum ipſius proprium factum ſit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aut <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> materia cępit affici ad nouam formam, & <lb></lb>habere illa quę ipſi comitantur, vt aliquod <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> principium, vtputa, cùm gignitur vapor, & halitus, <lb></lb>aut id omne quod habet, aliunde eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiæ poteſtatem ad ſubſtantiam commouit, quod ad ex<lb></lb>tremum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reſtinguitur. </s> <s>Prætereà dictum eſt geminum eſſe actum, primum .ſ. </s> <s>à quo res impetra<lb></lb>uit, quae eſſet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum poſteriorem, qui eſt ipſius rei functio quę ſanè non diſtinguitur à primo, niſi <lb></lb>ex eo quod vnà ſignificat; nempe, quae <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ponit ineſſe ſuo perfecto, quia verò tollitur actus hic poſte<lb></lb>rior à contrario, & impedimento, fieri primùm, vt res non ſemper officio ſuo fungatur, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4433"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſam ſecundus ille actus habeatur accidens vulgò: tamen impedimento ſublato protinus adeſt actus il<lb></lb>le poſterior. </s> <s>Ita igitur in elemento ineſt geminus actus, primus .ſ. </s> <s>qui eſt illorum forma qui <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad ex<lb></lb>tremum interitum permanet ſaluus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alter qui fluit ab illo; idem quoque transfertur ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſub<lb></lb>iectum quia vim habeat afficiendi materiam, quatenus poteſtate qualis eſt, & eam deducendi de pote<lb></lb>ſtate quali ad actu quale: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cohiberi, retundi, affligi, & conculcari ſe patitur à contrario: <lb></lb>nam cùm pendeat ex materia quoquomodo, ad compoſitum eſt accidens, & materię cauſſę plus & mi<lb></lb>nus accipit: ſed cùm baſis eius, & quaſi radix ſit actus ille prior, vbi remoueatur <expan abbr="impediẽs">impediens</expan> illico, quaſi <lb></lb>nouum germen, aut Cacus quidam ab Hercule proſtratus, vbi terram attigit, ſubitò conſurgit. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="q̃-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> pertinet ad qualitates illas quas Philoſophus vocat virtutes, nos actum poſuimus; atque <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> qui<lb></lb>dem primum, & elementi eſſentiam, qui ſanè per ſe non diſiungitur ab his qualitatib. quas ſenſu expe<lb></lb>rimur. </s> <s>Quare ſiquis opinetur has qualitates ab elementi forma ſeparari, niſi ſolùm ex eo, quae <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> ſigni<lb></lb>ficat quo eſt actus primus; is, vt puto, decipietur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id obſtat, quae in mixtis ineſſe videantur qualitates <lb></lb>quaſi ſilentes, & oppreſſæ: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & nos reſpondemus complures mixtorum qualitates ab elemento<lb></lb>rum qualitatib. non differre, niſi ratione ſola, & habitudine quam obtinent ad <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, propter <expan abbr="mu-tuã">mu<lb></lb>tuam</expan> perpeſsionem, quæ in mixtura contingit: plures verò non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> tales eſſe cenſeo; nimirum, quæ pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4434"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ximè ex intentione & remiſsione primarum qualitatum propagantur; qualis eſt, exempli gratia, tepi<lb></lb>ditas: non ignaris nonnulla eſſe quæ, tametſi primò à primis qualitatib. oriuntur; proximè tamen pul<lb></lb>lulant ex ipſa mixtura, vt alendi <expan abbr="ſentiendiq́">ſentiendique</expan>. </s> <s>facultas, quæ materiæ iam temperatæ ſuperueniunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4435"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differunt igitur qualitates illæ ſuperiores ex eo, quae ſint in elementis, aut mixtis, niſi ſecundùm <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>; <lb></lb>quia purę ſint in elementis, & <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> in actu ſecundo; in mixtis verò temperatę, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> refractę, & non<lb></lb>nunquam ita retuſæ à contrario, vt lateant ſenſum; proinde & aliquæ in mixto vt naturæ, aliæ vt acci<lb></lb>dentia & per affectionem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt paſsiones, vel qualitates patibiles, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſæpe fit vt illæ ſileant quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ex natura, pellant ſenſus eæ quæ ſunt per affectionem, at quia non <expan abbr="oriũtur">oriuntur</expan> ex ſubiecto, ſed extrin<lb></lb>ſecùs à vincente imprimuntur, illę, licèt victæ, conſequuntur ſubiectum; ſi quando foueantur; & adiu<lb></lb>uentur à ſimili, vel eorum virtutes amplificando, vel propulſando contrarias; aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſeparando, vt à <expan abbr="cõ-trario">con<lb></lb>trario</expan> ſolutæ quodammodo reuiuiſcant. </s> <s>ſic aſpicimus eiuſmodi virtutes in medicamentis eſſe quaſi <lb></lb>conſopitas; vt niſi ſuſcitentur à calore natiuo; nihil prorſus efficiant; & vinum, quod ex aquea materia <lb></lb>conſtitutum eſt, & actu frigidum; quia calidum virtute eſt, cùm affectum fuerit à continente; & multos <lb></lb>conceperit habitus; non calefacit actu; quoniam prohibetur à contrariis qualitatib. aquæ cauſſa domi<lb></lb>nantib. ſi tamen ingurgitetur, & experiatur vires natiui caloris, calefacit multum, vel quae halitus illi ex <lb></lb>alterius contactu caloris excitentur, vel quae vis aquæ reprimatur, vel quae à contrariis exonerati ex propria <pb pagenum="757"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4436"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natura tunc operentur. </s> <s>etenim talis eſt natura caloris, vt diuerſa ſeparet, ſimilia componat: idcirco ef<lb></lb>ficitur etiam, vt cùm calidis ad calefaciendum faciat, cùm frigidis ad refrigerandum, ſed illud quidem <lb></lb>per ſe, hoc verò per accidens, & fortuitò. </s> <s>Sed hęc obiter dicta ſint. </s> <s>illud inſtituti præſentis eaſdem eſſe <lb></lb>qualitates primas in elementis & mixtis: & cùm in elementis ſint, vel ex natura, vel ex affectione, & <lb></lb>ab externo; ex eo euenire, vt etiam victa iaceant in eo in quo ſunt ex natura, ſic in mixtis aliquæ natu<lb></lb>ram eius materiæ conſequantur quæ proximè pro rata portione conflauerit mixtum; aliæ ſint ab alte<lb></lb>ra materiæ parte inductę, vel etiam à <expan abbr="cõtinente">continente</expan>, & quæ ſint cuiuſdam partis proprię, ſint virtutes quæ <lb></lb>inſint vt ab externo, & per affectionem, ſint accidentia in eo in quo ſic inſunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſi forma elemen<lb></lb>ti minus remanet ſalua in mixto; at aliquid illi ſuccedere oportet quod ipſam adęquet, ad quod ſe ha<lb></lb>beat ſicut natura, quapropter ad illud non erit ſimpliciter accidens. </s> <s>Ergo non octo qualitates, vt acci<lb></lb>dentia, ſed quaternę virtutes ex dictionis figura dictæ qualitates, & quattuor verę qualitates, quæ ſint <lb></lb>actus ſecundi, ſed in alio paſsiones & accidentia, in eo in quo ſunt earum actus primi, vt naturę. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quã-quam">Quan<lb></lb>quam</expan> hîc te illud vrgere poteſt: quae medium ſtatuatur, quod ex accidente & ſubſtantia conſtet: ſiqui<lb></lb>dem ſiue remaneat elementum in mixto ſalua ſubſtantia, ſiue eius virtus quæ ſubſtantiæ reſpondeat; <lb></lb>ad medium eſt veniendum; velut ſi ex igni & aqua vnum fiat; & mixtum nonmodò ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> com<lb></lb>poſitum eſt; ſed ex toto, hoc eſt, vt nob. </s> <s>placet, <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> temperatum. </s> <s>ergo ex calore ignis & aquæ frigore <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4437"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnum fiat neceſſe eſt quod ſit remiſſum: proinde cum calor in igni ſit natura; in eodem ſit frigus per <lb></lb>affectionem, & viciſsim frigus in aqua, vt natura; calor vt accidens, erit profecto quoddam tertium è <lb></lb>ſubſtantia & accidente, quod iis aduerſatur quæ nos paullò ante poſuimus. </s> <s>At cur non erit <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> <lb></lb>è duab. ſubſtantiis, quod item <expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan> ex frigore aquæ, & calore ignis, quæ <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſunt ex natura in ſuis <lb></lb>ſubiectis? </s> <s>An & compoſitio, ſimul eſt ſubſtantiarum cum ſubſtantiis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> accidentium cum acciden<lb></lb>tib. de ſubſtantiis antea dictum eſt. </s> <s>nunc ſi accidentia reſpexeris, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> compoſitio ſic fit ex calore qui eſt <lb></lb>aquæ affectio; & frigore, quod extrinſecùs eſt in igni. </s> <s>Quocirca <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, quae vereamur eſſe medium quod<lb></lb>dam è ſubſtantia & accidente. </s> <s>Sint igitur quattuor elementorum formæ quæ ſint in actu primo, & per <lb></lb>ſe ipſas in actu ſecundo; ſi minus ſit illud ex euento, & cauſſa prohibentis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi fuerint ab eo ſolu<lb></lb>tæ, redeant in priſtinum ſtatum. </s> <s>Hoc ſi ita ponatur, & ſalſum illud eſſe conſtabit, quod nonnulli dixe<lb></lb>re elementum ſe ipſum de poteſtate, quam virtualem nuncupant, traducere ad actum formalem: & il<lb></lb>lud nihil oppugnat ſententiam noſtram, quae intercluderetur via philoſopho naturali indagandi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>motorem: ſiquidem etſi elementum de virtute ad actum transfertur, vt prius aliquid eſſe opus eſt, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>pellat impediens. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi cælum eſſet in actu illo virtuali, nihilominus aliud mouens eſſe <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> <lb></lb>foret, quod ipſum deduceret ad actum. </s> <s>Et eadem eſt ratio, qua vſi ſumus ad eijciendam illam dubita<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4438"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem, quemadmodum aqua refrigeretur: dempto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obice recuperat veteres conditiones; quae ſi qua <lb></lb>ſit cauſſa ob quam frigus eius magis intendatur, quàm foret natiuum, illa vtique erit ex accidente. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm nos alio loco rem omnem diligentius inquiremus. </s> <s>interim ea perſequamur quæ adhuc de ele<lb></lb>mentorum natura ſuperſunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4432"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4433"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4434"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4435"></margin.target>a 2 de Ge. <lb></lb>at. </s> <s>c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4436"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4437"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4438"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine primarum qualitatum, <expan abbr="earumq́ue">earumque</expan> gradibus in ſingulis elementis accuratè <lb></lb>diſquiritur. </s> <s>Caput XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVALITATES ſeu virtute, ſiue actu ſint, quattuor eſſe demonſtrauimus; ex earum verò con<lb></lb>iugatione quattuor elementa conflantur: nam quattuor coire poſſunt, duæ, quæ è contrarijs <expan abbr="cõ-ponuntur">con<lb></lb>ponuntur</expan>, aſyſtati ſunt; veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pariter in ſingulis inſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ordine eodem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <lb></lb>id nunc peragamus, nam pertinet ad elementorum & alterationis intelligentiam, quae verò eiſdem fun<lb></lb>damentis ſolutio quæſtionis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> nititur, vt ægrè ad modum diſiungi valeant, nos ita diſtribuemus <lb></lb>ſermonem noſtrum, vt primùm rationes in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem problematis conſtruamus; deinde figamus <lb></lb>nonnullas hypotheſes, poſtremò rationes oppoſitas diluamus, quæ nec paucæ ſunt, nec parui momen<lb></lb>ti; quandò de his inter Ariſtotelem, Galenum, & Auicennam maxima lis exorta fuerit, & mox inter eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4439"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum aſſeclas <expan abbr="cupiẽtes">cupientes</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> partes ſuas omni ſtudio, <expan abbr="conatuq́">conatuque</expan>. </s> <s>defendere. </s> <s>Nam quod ad ipſarum ordi<lb></lb>nem ſpectat, nouimus Ariſtotelem ſic <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> elemento ſuas reddere qualitates, vt igni calidum tribua<lb></lb>tur, aëri humidum, aquæ frigidum, terræ ſiccum; quod tamen decretum falſitatis multa conuincunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim, vt ab igni exordiar, videtur ipſe multò ſiccior eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra; proptereà quae calor multò magis ha<lb></lb>bet vim exhauriendi humidum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> frigus; humidi interitum ſubſequitur ſiccitas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt ea natura <lb></lb>contrariorum, vt ſicuti inter ſe de eadem materia <expan abbr="pellũt">pellunt</expan>; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſibi viciſsim in eadem materia <expan abbr="ſuccedãt">ſuccedant</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiectum ſine intermiſsione vlla temporis informent. </s> <s>Ignis igitur cùm ſit calidus, terra <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>frigida; videtur ignis humiditatem retinere minorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> faciat ipſa terra; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>terra ſicciorem eſſe <expan abbr="cõ-cludemus">con<lb></lb>cludemus</expan>. </s> <s>Quod item pertinet ad aërem & aquam, ponitur humidior aër: verùm ſi ab effectis iudi<lb></lb>cium de rerum eſſentia faciendum eſt; aquei verò humoris effecta pellunt efficacius ſenſum noſtrum, <lb></lb>quàm ille qui eſt in aëre: aqua igitur aëre humidior eſt habenda; <expan abbr="quãdoquidem">quandoquidem</expan> humoris affecta ſunt <lb></lb>irrigare, & emollire. </s> <s>hæc verò <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> melius aquæ humor, quàm aëris præſtat, quod item eiuſdem Phi<lb></lb>loſophi <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auctoritate confirmare licebit; cùm etiam ſic in meteorologia decreuerit. </s> <s>Prætereà videtur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4440"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aqua magis humidum eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> frigidum: <expan abbr="namq.">namque</expan> & ſi aqua ad ſummum calefit, retinet adhuc ſuam for<lb></lb>mam: at verò ſi humorem amiſerit, aqua non amplius eſt, ſed glacies, aut terra. </s> <s>proptereà ſi deleto fri<lb></lb>gore poteſt aqua permanere, protinus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> deperit humore defluente, probabile eſt humorem eſſe ma <pb pagenum="758"></pb>gis aquæ affinem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> frigus. </s> <s>Poſtremò quantum eſt de terræ qualitatib. ei primùm tribuitur ſiccum, ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4441"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cundò frigidum; magis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeorſum mouet aquæ frigus, quàm terræ. </s> <s>sed enim calor, & frigus ex pręſen<lb></lb>tia ſolis & abſentia, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vicinia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & diſtantia ad inferiorem mundum producuntur, vnde efficitur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4442"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt quo ſuperiorem ſunt, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> maiore calore polleant. </s> <s>ſic ignis cætera calore vincit. </s> <s>Ergo ab oppo<lb></lb>ſito cum terra magis diſtet à cęlo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua, frigore <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> terra ſuperabit. </s> <s>Adde huc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> loca quædam, qui<lb></lb>bus oppoſitum palam teſtatur Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> interdum pronunciat aquam imprimis eſſe humidam; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4443"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>necnon terram eſſe omnium frigidiſsimam, nec grauium doctorum auctoritas ab Ariſtotelem diſſen<lb></lb>tit, cùm Olympiodorus <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nonnihil caloris aquæ tribuat, & ipſe etiam Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> humorem, & calorem ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4444"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4445"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>connexos eſſe fateatur, vt ſicuti calor ſine humore non reperitur, ita viciſsim humor ſine calore non <lb></lb>conſiſtat. </s> <s>Prætereà cum conferret inter ſe opiniones Antiquorum, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eos anteponebat, qui aërem prin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4446"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipium ſtatuebant, illis qui aquam ſumpſiſſent; & eos omnino qui elementa media rerum generatio<lb></lb>ni præfeciſſent iis qui extrema defenderent: etenim media minus inſignes habent qualitates, & quæ <lb></lb>ſenſum <expan abbr="lãguidius">languidius</expan> pulſent. </s> <s>Cùm igitur aqua media ſit, terra extrema; frigiditas aquæ ſit minus inſignis <lb></lb>oportet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terræ. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quae qualitates ita iudicantur, quia ſenſus afficiunt: vt niſi ſenſui ſubij<lb></lb>ciantur; nulla <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ratione numerari poſsint in qualitatib. ergo quo magis feriunt ſenſus; in ſigniores <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt: atqui in terra magis perſpicuæ ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in aquis. </s> <s>in eis magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in aëre: nam ſi aqua patiatur à fri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4447"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gore, concreſcit, & terræ conditiones aſſumit. </s> <s>pondus item, quod naſcitur ex frigore, maius; & terra <lb></lb>promptius exiccat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua humectet; hinc fortè quod medici perhibent, facilius eſſe arefacere humi<lb></lb>da, quàm ſicca humectare. </s> <s>non igitur primò humidus aër, nec aqua primò frigida ponenda eſt. </s> <s>De gra<lb></lb>dib. etiam qualitatum plures extitere ſententiæ: <expan abbr="deq́">deque</expan>. </s> <s>hac ipſa ſe non <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> philoſophi, ſed medici quo<lb></lb>que decertarunt. </s> <s>Nam Galenus <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſummum calorem, <expan abbr="ſummamq́">ſummamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſiccitatem igni, aquæ verò ſummam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4448"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tribuit humiditatem. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aëri humiditatem ſupremam aſsignabat, & ne ſingula loca percenſeam <lb></lb>quib. ille de qualitatum gradib. mentionem fecit; hoc de Galeni <emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſententia generatim conſtituimus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4449"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& conſtanter aſſeueramus <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> qualitates in elementis eſſe ſummas. </s> <s>potuit autem opinionem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <lb></lb>approbare loco quodam <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> ſic. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Niſi qualitates ſummæ forent in elementis, eſſent neceſſariò remiſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4450"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſæ: remiſsio verò omnis ex contrariorum mixtura proficiſcitur. </s> <s>quare nullum elementum ſimplex eſ<lb></lb>ſet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vna tantùm coniugatio qualitatum ſingula elementa conficeret: oppoſitum tamen auctori<lb></lb>tas, & experientia conuincunt. </s> <s>Conantur eiicere ſententiàm hanc Auerroës & D. Thomas, & alter qui<lb></lb>dem teſtimonium ſenſus afferens quod in methodo naturali ſolet eſſe firmiſsimum, accipit humorem <lb></lb>aquæ maiorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aëris apparere; prętereà calorem ignis eum qui eſt aëris, ſine controuerſia ſuperare . <lb></lb>Verumenimuerò dices tu ex hoc illud colligi calorem primò ipſius ignis eſſe; verùm non id nunc agi, <lb></lb>ſed vtrùm in igni maior ſit gradus caloris, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſiccitatis, an non. </s> <s>Ideò ſi ita ſpectentur hę qualitates, facilè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4451"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>item patebit propoſitum: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aër ſummè humidus habeatur, ſit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> alius quidam calor maior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ſuus ipſius, calor in aëre profectò ſummus non fuerit: ſic cogitandum de reliquis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> Auerroës ita <lb></lb>argumentatur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>i<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> commodius obiri mutuam generationem, <expan abbr="mixturamq́">mixturamque</expan>. </s> <s>elementorum, ſi è duab. qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4452"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litatibus quæ inſunt in vno elemento, altera ſit efficacior, altera verò remiſsior: nam ſic ab efficaciore <lb></lb>vim obtinebit immutandi alterum elementum, per remiſsionem verò viciſsim poterit ab ipſo immuta<lb></lb>ri. </s> <s>Idcirco Auicenna, Auerroes, Albertus, D. Thomas in alteram ſententiam diſceſſerunt fieri poſſe ne<lb></lb>gantes, vt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> qualitas ſumma ſit in ſingulis elementis. </s> <s>Et Albertus ex Auicenna (vt nos fuit in illa <lb></lb>rerum caligine ad vnum illum auctorem, tanquam ad ſaxum adhærere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id iniuria: quandò vnus <lb></lb>Peripatum redolere videatur; & vnus poſt Ariſtotelem perhibeatur doctiſsimus) veluti conſtat ex cal<lb></lb>ce libri ſui de cęlo, cenſuit elementorum ſola extrema, ignem .ſ. </s> <s>& terram ſummis eſſe prædita qualita<lb></lb>tib. media verò non ita ſummas; ſed aliquantulum remiſſas habere. </s> <s>nam ſumma ſiccitas exoriri vide<lb></lb>tur aut è maxima confectione humidi quæ fit à calore, aut expreſsione eximia quæ ortum ducit à frigo<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſummus ſit calor in igni; in terra verò ſummum frigus: in <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> igitur ſumma ſiccitas <lb></lb>inerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> D. Thomas, licèt Auicennę ſententiam cætera approbarit, in eo <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> diſſenſit, vt humo<lb></lb>rem magis à calore conſumi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> exprimi à frigore putaret: quapropter ignim ſiccitate maiore <expan abbr="præditũ">præditum</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4453"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quàm foret terra, prædicauit. </s> <s>In Auicennam verò & D. Thomam hæc admodùm valere videntur. </s> <s>Pri<lb></lb>mùm, quae natura claudicabit, cùm ſummè ſicco humidum conſimile non oppoſuerit: humor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſum<lb></lb>mus non eſt, vt ipſe vult, quia conuenit ipſe ſolùm corporib. mediis, ea verò qualitates inſignes <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ha<lb></lb>bent. </s> <s>Prætereà contra D. Thomam oppono auctoritatem Philoſophi <emph type="sup"></emph>k<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui maiorem vim terrè, quàm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4454"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igni tribuit exiccandi, quantumuis ignis calore antecedat. </s> <s>Quare ſi cauſſæ conditio ex effectu ſolet iu<lb></lb>dicari, terra certè ſiccior fuerit. </s> <s>Cauſſam eiuſmodi remiſsionis & inæqualitatis ex Auerroe nuper au<lb></lb>diſti, quæ item ex Alexandri dictis eruta eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam verò <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> vrgebantur ab illo argumento, quae <lb></lb>elementum ſimplex non eſſet, cùm haberet etiam nonnihil contrariæ qualitatis adnexum; concordes <lb></lb>& ipſi reſpondebant, eam remiſsionem non adminiſtrari, ſicut in reliquis, admixtione contrarij, ſed à <lb></lb>natura ſubiecti exoriri quod talem vim certæ qualitatis ſuſtinere non poſſet, & ex inhabilitate elemen<lb></lb>ti totam hanc remiſsionem proficiſci. </s> <s>Atenim verendum fuerat, ne, quod ipſi profitentur, eſſet euertere <lb></lb>funditus omnem rationem mutuæ perpeſsionis inter elementa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vniuerſam naturam mixtionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>enim, obſecro, afficit aliud, niſi contrarium? </s> <s>quid <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum altero miſcetur, niſi contrarium? </s> <s>& cùm ter<lb></lb>ra conuertat ignim, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſiccior igni ſit ex hypotheſi; nonne debet igni præbere ſiccitatem, quam <lb></lb>ipſa habet? </s> <s>certè. </s> <s>Ergo terra ignem ſiccitate afficiet. </s> <s>quare ſequitur, vt illum afficiat, quatenus humo<lb></lb>ris aliquid retinet: & idcirco ſiccitas in igni cum contrario iungetur, aut mutatio ad eam ſiccitatem in <pb pagenum="759"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4455"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igni non erit alteratio, ſed interitus, quandoquidem alteratio procedat inter <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, in hoc autem <expan abbr="cõ-traria">con<lb></lb>traria</expan> non erunt, & interitus ſine præuia affectione fiet, quia nulla alteratio pręcedet, aut par in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> <lb></lb>corpore ſiccitas erit ponenda, quapropter ob æqualitatem actio nulla: quę cùm falſa ſint, & <expan abbr="repugnã-tia">repugnan<lb></lb>tia</expan>, necnon admirabilia, <expan abbr="contraq́">contraque</expan>. </s> <s>opinionem omnium, non facilè defendi poſſunt: itaque cùm his ea <lb></lb>tollenda quæ ponunt, ex quibus hęc ipſa emanant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4439"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4440"></margin.target>a 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4441"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4442"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4443"></margin.target>b 4. Met. <lb></lb>T. 29. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4444"></margin.target>c 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4445"></margin.target>d 5. de ort. <lb></lb>Anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4446"></margin.target>e 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4447"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4448"></margin.target>1. de nat. <lb></lb></s> <s>hum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4449"></margin.target>g T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4450"></margin.target>h 3. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4451"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4452"></margin.target>i 4. Met. <lb></lb>T. c. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4453"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4454"></margin.target>k Lib. de <lb></lb>ſen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4455"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur de cauſſis intentionis & remiſſionis. </s> <s>Caput XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSSET vniuerſum hoc negotium peragi paucis, & quibuſdam hypotheſibus conſtitutis abſol<lb></lb>ui: tamen quia magni momenti res eſt in vniuerſa philoſophia noſſe cauſſas intentionis & remiſ<lb></lb>ſionis, & ex hoc theoremate multa colligere licebit quæ pertineant ad exquirendum alterationis inge<lb></lb>nium, necnon ad ea quæ de elementorum eſſentia decernenda ſunt, libuit & hoc loco digredi, & tam <lb></lb>occultę rei cauſſas perſequi, vt ſaltem, ſi minus huic diſputationi ſtudio, & induſtria noſtra poſsit acce<lb></lb>dere, cùm volumina integra à Latinis extructa legamus, vno tamen compendio perſpicuitati conſu<lb></lb>luiſſe videamur. </s> <s>More <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſolito prius ea recitabimus quæ docti viri de ipſarum cauſsis enunciatunt, <lb></lb>quorum quattuor ſententias hactenus collegimus: <expan abbr="nanqq̃">nanque</expan> eam fortaſſe quæ pauciſsimis verbis expo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4456"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſita eſt à Philopono, vel non legerunt, vel animaduerſione dignam non putarunt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Primam verò de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4457"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fendebat Aegidius, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi quęrebat, vtrùm ſubſtantiæ plus & minus acciperent, nec'ne; & indagans cur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4458"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id nonnullis reb. eueniret; eius euenti geminam cauſſam eſſe <expan abbr="docuit̃">docuitur</expan>, primám quidem ſubiecti ipſius af<lb></lb>fectionem: prout <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magis affectum fuerit eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis eſſe tale, vt, quoniam candor in niue ſpiſsi<lb></lb>tudini comitatur humoris: ſi magis humor ille ſpiſſetur, eo item vix erit candidior: alteram verò; quo<lb></lb>niam nonnullæ qualitates ad ſe ſic habent, vt vna velut alterius eos exiſtat; altera contrà vires illius ro<lb></lb>tundat: nam calor in arido corpore efficacior, & acrior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in humido apparet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtraq.">Vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc inquit <lb></lb>habere locum in accidentib. abeſſe verò à ſubſtantia: proptereà fieri, vt in ſubſtantia non ſint plus, & <lb></lb>minus, ſed planè in accidente. </s> <s>Ab <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> verò ab horrere ſubſtantiam probat Aegidius in hac re ſecta<lb></lb>tus D. Thomam, qui opinatus eſt formam quæ implet rei ſubſtantiam, cum materia proximi iungi poſ<lb></lb>ſe, <expan abbr="nullaq́">nullaque</expan>. </s> <s>affectione præcedente. </s> <s>quod cùm ſit, neceſſariò ſequitur materiam non eſſe magis, minusúe <lb></lb>affectam ad aliquam formam ſubſtantiæ recipiendam, cùm item prius accedat materia forma ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliquorum accidentium, non poteſt à <expan abbr="quoq̃">quoquae</expan> <expan abbr="præcedẽte">præcedente</expan> adiuuari, vel impediri: quamobrem ne<lb></lb>que intenditur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> remittitur. </s> <s>Verùm quod ſpectat ad hoc caput, cùm ſatis antea diſputatum ſit; eò <lb></lb>nos lectorem veritatis cupidum reiicimus. </s> <s>Nunc id admonebimus tantùm, quod in pręſentem locum <lb></lb>facit, cauſſam illam quæ prius allata eſt, admodum pręcisè fuiſſe pronuntiatam; nam relinquit præte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4459"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reà requirendum, vnde'nam maior illa conſpiſſatio proficiſcatur, ex qua niuis candor amplificetur. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>quia confugere poſſet ad efficientem cauſſam quæ frigus eſt, non id quęro nunc, ſed rationem illam ob <lb></lb>quam forma quæ reſidet in materia, varietur, vel affectio materiæ fuerit, vel qualitas antecedens, vt ip<lb></lb>ſe vult, vel aliud quippiam. </s> <s>proptereà cogetur ipſe aut aliam ab his diuerſam intentionis cauſſam af<lb></lb>ferre, aut ea quæſtio procedet in immenſum. </s> <s>Reprehenditur item cauſſa poſterior: quoniam, tametſi <lb></lb>ſocietas adiuuat, non tamen intendit neceſſariò qualitatem. </s> <s>ſolùm videtur id patrare ſocietas, vt effica<lb></lb>cior forma ſit, & promptior ad agendum, tamen quae formarum gradus immutet, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ego confitebor. <lb></lb></s> <s>Auctor eſt nob. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui cùm doceret, quemadmodum ad pernicitatem figura conferret, non idcir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4460"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>co dixit ex figura grauius, aut leuius effici, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> initiis proficiſcitur motus naturalis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc per<lb></lb>manent materia ipſa permanente. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt breui comprehendamus actus ſecundus intendi poteſt: ſed <lb></lb>nos de gradu formæ, qui primus actus eſt, in præſentia diſputamus. </s> <s>& illi ita concederent qui pari gra<lb></lb>du calorem in igni, & aëre collocant: nam ſolùm perhibent eos efficacitate differre: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illi certè ne<lb></lb>garent qui quanuis intentiorem in ſtupa calorem eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in ferro affeuerant, nihilominus ferrum vehe<lb></lb>mentius <expan abbr="acriusq́">acriusque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſtupam calefacere & vrere perſpiciunt. </s> <s>Miſſa igitur hac ſententia, veniamus ad al<lb></lb>teram, quam Burleus philoſophus acutiſsimus, vt ętas illa tulit, profeſſus eſt, hęc verò tota in treis par<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4461"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes diuiditur <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> prima eſt. </s> <s>In omni motu nonnihil neceſſariò contrahi, quod ſit vel forma, vel pars <lb></lb>formæ. </s> <s>Confirmatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hæc hypotheſis ea ratione: quoniam vbi mobile peruenerit ad finem motus, <lb></lb>aliquid noui per motum comparauit, aut nihil. </s> <s>Si primum concedatur, habeo quod cupio, ſi minus, in<lb></lb>quit, ergo mobile eodem planè modo ſe haberet in exitu motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> antea, dum mouebatur; aut etiam <lb></lb>antequam moueretur, & ita mouebatur ad terminum quem prius obtineat. </s> <s>Hoc abſurdum eſt: quare <lb></lb>& illud, vnde hoc permanauit. </s> <s>Quòd verò id quod ſequitur, abſurdum ſit, non magno negotio lique<lb></lb>bit: ſiquidem habitib. in materia poſitis ceſſet omnis motus. </s> <s>Altera verò pars; quoniam putat iſte do<lb></lb>ctor, nil ſupereſſe, cùm forma noua accedit, vel noua pars eius de illo quod antea contractum fuerat: <lb></lb>conatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſic conficere propoſitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> alteratio non requirit maiorem copulationem formæ, ſe<lb></lb>cundùm quam eſt alteratio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> latio requirat coniunctionem ipſius vbi, quatenus eſt latio: par <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> proceſ<lb></lb>ſus eſt in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> motu. </s> <s>Sed in quolibet puncto temporis metientis motum in latione eſt aliud, & aliud <lb></lb>vbi penitus nouum, accipiendo nimirum illud vbi quod dicitur proprium, quod .ſ. </s> <s>à circunſcriptione <lb></lb>proprij loci efficitur. </s> <s>Ergo etiam in alteratione quolibet puncto temporis ipſam metientis eſt hæc, & <lb></lb>hæc qualitas numero diuerſa, & penitus noua. </s> <s>Maiorem verò ſuæ formæ coniunctionem obtinere la<lb></lb>tionem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alterationem ex his perſpicuum eſt quæ longo progreſſu in phyſicis acromatib. perorata <lb></lb>ſunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ibi oſtenſum eſt lationem motuum omnium eſſe maximè continuam, <expan abbr="maximeq́">maximeque</expan>. </s> <s>vnam. <pb pagenum="760"></pb>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſit aliud vbi quod denuo comparatur in motu differens à ſuperiore, ſic probat. </s> <s>Ponatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4462"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primum inſtans quo quoddam vbi contractum ſit: poſt illud inſtans aut aliquid illius vbi prioris ſu<lb></lb>perſuit in mobili, aut nihil: ſi nihil, ibi ſupereſſe fatearis; nil amplius addo: totum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> recens vbi puncto <lb></lb>poſteriore ſucceſsit: ſi minus; & aliquid in mobili de ipſo ſuperfuit, inſuper de hoc ipſo quæro, vtrùm <lb></lb>prius extiterit in eadem parte, aliaúe mobilis, an non. </s> <s>ſi dederis hoc poſtremum, tum pars illius vbi pro<lb></lb>prij de vno ſubiecto in alterum migrate cogetur: ſi verò manſerit in eadem; eadem igitur pars in di<lb></lb>uerſis punctis idem vbi poterit obtinere: quamobrem quieſcet; hoc tamen acceptis aduerſatur; quip<lb></lb>pe quae conſtitutum ſit nob. </s> <s>totum moueri poſt datum inſtans. </s> <s>Adiicit & ſuperiorib. tertium pronuntia<lb></lb>tum, quod eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Formã">Formam</expan> reuera non intendi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> remitti, ſed formæ ſubiectum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit ex ſententia ſummi pręceptoris noſtri, non deſiderat hoc loco probationem. </s> <s>Ex <lb></lb>his omnib. igitur colligit omnem vim intentionis & remiſsionis à forma proficiſci, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> verò forma, <lb></lb>ſeu pars formæ de integro comparatur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma ipſa intenditur, aut remittitur, fateamur oportet in<lb></lb>tentionem: & remiſsionem à latitudine formæ deriuari: latitudo verò eſt quia ſpecies vna qualitatis <lb></lb>conſeruari poteſt cum forma quæ magis minusúe perfecta ſit. </s> <s>Cùm verò non permaneat eadem for<lb></lb>ma ad numerum alia ſuccedente; ex hoc efficitur, vt non ſit eadem qualitas numero, quæ ſub diuer<lb></lb>ſis perfectionis gradib. conſeruari queat; ſub eadem ſpecie <expan abbr="dũtaxat">duntaxat</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc auctor iſte, ni fallor, aſſerebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vtrùm verò prorſus approbanda ſit hæc opinio, nec'ne; ſequitur, vt nunc ſpectemus: nam multa mi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4463"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hi contrà ſuccurrunt, quæ me in longè aliam ſententiam trahant. </s> <s>Ac primum quidem illud conſeque<lb></lb>retur, quod etſi non admodùm mihi probatum, at quod placeat multis. </s> <s>Omnem qualitatem ſine mo<lb></lb>tu corruptum iri, quod ſanè abſurdum eſt. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quælibet pars formæ temporis puncto fiat, & pari <lb></lb>temporis puncto permaneat: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tota forma, & tota qualitas puncto temporis abſoluetur. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>obſtat, ſi dixeris eius productionem plurib. inſtantib. obiri, quandoquidem inſtantia ſunt indiuidua, è <lb></lb>plurib. <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> indiuiduis non conficitur vnum, quod diuiduum ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item aſſeuerare potes illius for<lb></lb>mæ partes ac gradus tempore aduenire materiæ, cùm eadem prioris <expan abbr="poſteriorisq́">poſteriorisque</expan>. </s> <s>gradus ratio ſit: at<lb></lb>qui primum qualitatis gradum in materia puncto temporis eſſe concedis: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſtremus indiui<lb></lb>duo tempore inducetur, qui, quemadmodum ipſe cenſuit, à primo non differt, quantum eſt merito in<lb></lb>ductionis. </s> <s>primum verò gradum puncto temporis induci fateris, cùm ſi tempore induceretur; debe<lb></lb>ret induci per ſuas partes. </s> <s>Ac ſi id aſſumere libeat; ita oppono, partes iſtas, vel actu, vel poteſtate conſi<lb></lb>ſtere; quae ſi actu fuerint, protinus erunt indiuiduæ, & ita fient in inſtanti, ſi minus, alias, quæ ſint poteſta<lb></lb>te, continebunt: ac ſi id eſt; cur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poſtremi gradus priores poteſtate non comprehendent? </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> par <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> partis ratio: quamobrem ſi velit in ſententia permanere, primum qualitatis <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> gradum <lb></lb>puncto temporis induci, velit nolit, fateatur oportet. </s> <s>Quòd verò hoc abſurdum ſit, inde colligitur: ſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4464"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quidem motus omnis tempore perficiatur: alteratio verò quidam motus eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Prætereà quod dicitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4465"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>calefacere, aut calefieri notat quoddam tempus: aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit Ariſtoteles, eſt mutari, & aliud eſſe <lb></lb>mutatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc præſefert indiuiduum quid, illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> continuationem ſignificat. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ita ſit, <lb></lb>quemadmodum ſcriptor hic aſſeruit, nihil <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> calefaceret, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> calefieret; ſed iam calefeciſſet, aut ca<lb></lb>lefactum fuiſſet: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> continuum fieri poſſet, ſed altera parte ſuperueniente, priore deleta forma in <lb></lb><expan abbr="nudã">nudam</expan> materiam induceretur: cur non igitur in inſtanti? </s> <s>Eſſet item quærendum, ecquid ſit cauſſę, cur ſi <lb></lb>pars illa quæ pręceſsit, non retinetur in poſteriore, non item poſterior nulla præcedente ſuperueniat: <lb></lb>eodem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> modo ſe habet materies ante nullam partium inductionem, ac cùm poſtrema accedit, ſi pars <lb></lb>antecedens interit. </s> <s>ita natura ab extremo ad extremum per debita media non tranſiret, & efficeret <expan abbr="cõ-tinuò">con<lb></lb>tinuò</expan> perfectiſsimum: <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>aliter efficiens fruſtra ſuas actiones ingeminaret. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò licet in pro<lb></lb>ductione qualitatis ita dicere, quemadmodum de ſubſtantia dictum eſt: ſi prior interit, eam tamen af<lb></lb>ficere materiam aditas, quæ ſequuntur, quòd in materia ſuperſtites ſint qualitates, quæ inerant in ante<lb></lb>cedente forma, quarum ope materia poteſt affici ad <expan abbr="poſtremã">poſtremam</expan>: nam ſunt iſtę qualitates ipſęmet affe<lb></lb>ctiones, nec ad eas aliis affectionib. opus eſt: aliter in infinitum affectiones affectionib. accumularen<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Ratio verò, qua probat ille auctor id quod accepit, ſatis infirma eſt: nam cùm ducit argumentum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4466"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à latione ad alterationem, fatemur equidem eaſdem <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> conditiones eſſe, ſed analogicè. </s> <s>Cùm ve<lb></lb>rò poſteà monſtrare conatur partem ipſius vbi, ideſt, termini motus euariari ſic opponens, aut aliquid <lb></lb>prioris in illo mobili ſuperfuiſſe, aut non. </s> <s>Reſpondeo ex his, quæ olim de ipſo vbi conſtituta ſunt, in eo <lb></lb>duo ſpectari, <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> qui ſpatium <expan abbr="ſpatijq́">ſpatijque</expan>. </s> <s>terminus eſt, quatenus huiuſmodi, deinde ipſum vbi, quod eſt <lb></lb>actus perfectus mobilis, quatenus mouebatur ad locum, quod eius perfectionem ſignificat: proptereà <lb></lb>quantum pertinet ad hoc poſterius ſignificatum, ſic ſe habet, quemadmodum reliquæ formæ: quam<lb></lb>obrem poſterior gradus etiam virtute continet priorem: at de loco illo qui terminum ſpatij deſignat; <lb></lb>concedo ſanè <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> priorem non reſtare: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> cùm ſit quantitas, cuius partes ſecretas eſſe oportet, etiam <lb></lb>pars vna loci ab altera ſuapte natura diſcludetur, ex eodem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fonte, nimirùm diſtantia, fluunt hęc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et cùm ſubiicit locum, ſiue vbi, vel in eadem, vel in alia parte ſubſtitiſſe, dicimus in alia prius extitiſſe <lb></lb>locum. </s> <s>Cùm verò obiicit fore, vt accidens de vno ſubiecto in aliud migret, <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> facilè redargui poſſe <lb></lb>puto, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuſpicet̃">ſuſpicetur</expan> ipſum vbi, ſeu <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> eſſe in mobili <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiecto. </s> <s>eſt verò locus in corpore continente; <lb></lb><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> terminus illius eſt, nec <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> migrat ab ipſo: <expan abbr="variat̃">variatur</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> iugiter eius habitudo, & <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> ad mobile, <lb></lb>& partes eius ex ſucceſsione <expan abbr="q́">que</expan> <expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan> ex motu. </s> <s>Quòd ſi vbi ipſum naturale <expan abbr="ſumat̃">ſumatur</expan> <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> affert <expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan> <expan abbr="perfe-ctionẽ">perfe<lb></lb>ctionem</expan> mobili, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="ſemp̃">ſemper</expan> <expan abbr="amplificet̃">amplificetur</expan>, ex eo motus <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> migrat hoc, quae nouę <expan abbr="p̨fectionis">perfectionis</expan> eſt <expan abbr="gñatio">generatio</expan> <lb></lb>in ea parte, quæ ſuccedit. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> hęc reiicienda ſunt; & illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vnde hęc naſcuntur reiicere conuenit. </s> <s><pb pagenum="761"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4467"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4456"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4457"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4458"></margin.target>b 1. de ort.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4459"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4460"></margin.target>c 4. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4461"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4462"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4463"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4464"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4465"></margin.target>a 6. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 50.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4466"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4467"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliæ ſententię notantur de cauſſis intentionis & remiſſionis, & fundamenta poſitionis nostræ <lb></lb>iaciuntur. </s> <s>Caput XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IACOBVS Foroliuienſis medicus ætate ſua celeberrimus aſſeruit intendi formas ea ratione, quia <lb></lb>pars formæ perfectionis accederet parti præcedenti (<expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> hæc ſententia prius à Scoto fuerat oc<lb></lb>cupata <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>) & auctionis exemplo propoſitum confirmauit. </s> <s>Etenim quemadmodum fit accretio noua <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4468"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantitate illi quæ prius aderat, accedente, ſic fit intentio formarum. </s> <s>Poſſet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tali argumento muni<lb></lb>re ſuum decretum; quandò eſt idem ſubiectum motus qui eſt ab A ad B, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eius qui eſt à B ad A. <expan abbr="ſo-lumq́">ſo<lb></lb>lumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione ſeiugantur, cùm verò inter eius motus terminos intercedat medium, fingamus id eſſe <lb></lb>C, per quod mobile ab A progreditur ad B. cogitemus nunc retrocedere motum à B. ad A. neceſſariò <lb></lb>per C. remeabit per quod antea progreſſum fuerat. </s> <s>Ergo in reditu erit mobile in eiſdem gradib. in qui<lb></lb>bus antea fuerat. </s> <s>Quamobrem conſtat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuperſtites eſſe gradus anteriores, nec accedentib. nouis vti<lb></lb>que refrixiſſe, vt cenſuit Burleus. </s> <s>ac multò probabilior eſt (vt mea fert opinio) Foroliuienſis ſententia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſuperior. </s> <s>Verùm & ipſa nonnullis anguſtus concluditur. </s> <s>Primùm ſi res ita ſit, in eodem ſubiecto quę<lb></lb>dam qualitas inerit intenta ſimul, & remiſſa: adeſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi gradus vltimus ſummæ qualitatis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item <lb></lb>gradus alij remiſsiores. </s> <s>Prætereà ſic eueniet, vt in eadem ſpecie vnum indiuiduum ſuapte natura longè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4469"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit altero perfectius; quod item conditio rerum non tolerat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> erit id quod eſt album, vt quattuor, <lb></lb>longè imperfectius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod eſt ſummè tale. </s> <s>Poſtremò plures ſunt iſtæ partes albedinis in actu: nam <lb></lb>cunctæ ſeorſum conſiſtere queunt: at è plurib. quæ actu ſubſiſtant, vnum fieri nequit. </s> <s>ſuo verò ſibi ip<lb></lb>ſos gladio iugulo: noui <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quantum ſit robur huius argumenti. </s> <s>Videtur item hoc placitum palàm di<lb></lb>cta Ariſtotelis oppugnare; cuius verba formalia prætermittam, ſed horum ſenſus hic eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Vnam eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4470"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe materiam contrariorum omnium in natura, & ex eo quod eſt poteſtate, fieri id quod eſt actu, à qui<lb></lb>bus materia <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> ſegregari valeat, idem numero cum illis, cùm ſit & eſſentia ſolùm differens, vt cali<lb></lb>di & frigidi, calorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eadem, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>maceria corporis & magni & parui, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> in omnib. <lb></lb></s> <s>aliis mutationib. eſt materia quæ vnum è contrarijs eſt actu, alterum eſſe poteſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eà ſuſcipit alter<lb></lb>natim. </s> <s>ſic cùm ex calido fit magis calidum, fit ſanè nullo in materia calido facto, quod calidum non eſ<lb></lb>ſet, quando minus calidum erat; quemadmodum <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> maioris circuli circunferentia & curuitas, ſi fiat <lb></lb>circuli minoris, eadem cùm ſit, aut alia. </s> <s>in nullo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> factum eſt curuum, quod curuum non eſſet, ſed re<lb></lb>ctum: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in eo quae intermittat eſſe calidum, magis, minusúe calidum fit. </s> <s>Vides hîc tu certum Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis dogma, nihil accedere partib. antecedentib. formæ in ipſa intentione? </s> <s>Et quanuis hoc loco ter<lb></lb>giuerſari poſsis <expan abbr="inquiẽs">inquiens</expan>, Ariſtotelem de partib. magnitudinis verba facere, quaſi ſuſpicetur aduerſarius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4471"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idem in qualitatis intentione contingere quod de grauiore & leuiore profitebantur antiqui, facile eſt <lb></lb>eius dicta refellere: ſiquidem id ipſe inficiaretur, quod aſſumit ad probandum formæ partes aliis acce<lb></lb>dere. </s> <s>vult <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id contingere intentioni quod incremento, atqui in ipſo quanti partes aliis agglutinantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>id cùm ſibi ſumat, hoc repudiet neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà planum eſt Ariſtotelem includere formam: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>calidum ſeu magis ſit, ſeu minus. </s> <s>at eſt huiuſmodi per formam, quia calidi ratio conſeruatur in inten<lb></lb>tione, ea verò deducitur à forma, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>vt ſuprà dictum eſt, indiuiduo conſiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non poteſt ali<lb></lb>qua pars formæ alteri ſuperuenire, ſed cùm ſit ab initio forma eadem; cauſſas eius varietatis aliunde <lb></lb>petere oportebat. </s> <s>hęc verò eſt materia quæ caput eſt omnis infinitatis & latitudinis: continetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc <lb></lb>totum in poteſtate materiæ. </s> <s>Quòd ſi fatearis etiam partes imperfectiores à perfectiorib. virtute conti<lb></lb>neri, proptereà non per ſe conſtare, ſed in perfectiorum migrare naturam; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam non vnà <lb></lb>formam vnam remiſſam, alteramſit verò intentam conſistere. </s> <s>Sint ſanè hæc omnia, vt dicunt: at illud eui<lb></lb>tare nequeunt, quin idem calidum ſit quo ad eſſentiam, quod calidius fiat nullius acceſsione caloris, <lb></lb>ſed eo quod poteſtate ſolùm eſt ad actum traducto: & perſpicuè meminit Ariſtoteles non de calido, <lb></lb>ſed de calore, cuius verba propter obſcuritatem hîc ſubſcribere placuit. </s> <s>altius autem aliquanto <expan abbr="repetẽ-da">repeten<lb></lb>da</expan> ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="“Neq.">“Neque</expan> accipere licèt aliquam flammæ magnitudinem, in <expan abbr="qũa">quna</expan> & albedo & caliditas non inſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic igitur & prior caliditas poſterioris <foreign lang="grc">οὐλαμβάνειτι</foreign>, non accipit <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan>. </s> <s>Quare & magnitudo & parui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4472"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tas ſenſilis molis materia nihil accipiente extenditur. </s> <s>Et argumenta <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ea poſitio confirmatur, ſine <lb></lb>vllo negotio diluuntur:“ ſiquidem in eo diſsimile ſit incrementum à cęteris motib. quae in ipſo aliquid ex<lb></lb>trinſecùs accedat neceſſe eſt quo fiat.” in reliquis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nil externum requiritur:” ſed id quod inerat in ma<lb></lb>teria, <expan abbr="tanq̈">tanquam</expan> in poteſtate patibili, ab efficiente promouetur ad actum. </s> <s>Prætereà tametſi ſit idem gradus <lb></lb>medius per quem procedit mobile, dum tendit ad eſſe; & dum retrocedit, quando forma deletur; at eſt <lb></lb>medium quod appellant tranſitus, & pertinet ad materiam, non formæ: vnde non licet inferre partem <lb></lb>formæ alteri accedere quæ iam præceſſerit. </s> <s>At verò ſi quæſtio ritè diſſolui debet, complura ſtatuenda <lb></lb>ſunt, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> firmamenta quę <expan abbr="dicent̃">dicentur</expan> à nob. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> exponemus, <expan abbr="quę'nã">quę'nam</expan> ſit vera cauſſa, cur <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> <lb></lb>res <expan abbr="intendat̃">intendatur</expan> & remittatur: deinde <expan abbr="qs">quis</expan> ſit hic motus, quiúe termini <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>. </s> <s>Sępius <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> audiſti vel Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>teſtimonio, <expan abbr="remiſsionẽ">remiſsionem</expan> & <expan abbr="intẽtionẽ">intentionem</expan> ex <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> mixtura proficiſci: & ex eo quae plus minusúe adſit de <lb></lb>certa qualitate: <expan abbr="p̃p̃eà">propterea</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> plus & minus <expan abbr="ſignificẽt">ſignificent</expan> formę <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> & <expan abbr="imperfectionẽ">imperfectionem</expan> in ſuo <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> <expan abbr="gñe">genere</expan>; <lb></lb>hęc verò ſint ad vnum; <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & <expan abbr="remiſsionẽ">remiſsionem</expan> ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe oportebit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> plus & minus latè <lb></lb>patent, vt <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> quoque attingant, & vniuersè per <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> genus rerum pertineant: proinde ſubſtantia <lb></lb>magis eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> accidens, & <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ſuperat quale; hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> vincunt habitudinem, & ſpecies eſt magis ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> genus attingant <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rerum modos, & tranſcendentia. </s> <s>quippe quae magis & minus verum ſit, <lb></lb>nam maior eſt veritas <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan>, quam <expan abbr="cõcluſionis">concluſionis</expan>, & magis minuſúe neceſſarium, cùm <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> <pb pagenum="762"></pb>neceſsitas maior <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> ſit neceſsitate <expan abbr="cõcluſionis">concluſionis</expan>: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de contingentibus fieri debet. </s> <s>ſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4473"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perantur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> effecta ſemper à cauſsis ea præſtantia quæ in ſuo <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> genere ſpectatur: <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="effectorũ">effectorum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> pendet à cauſsis, ſed præcipuè plus & minus obſeruantur in qualitate, & in iis quibus <expan abbr="ſupponit̃">ſupponitur</expan> pro<lb></lb>ximè qualitas, vt agere & pati. </s> <s>In <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> generaliter eſt oppoſitio; in his verò quæ comprehendunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, eſt contrariorum ſpeciatim; vnde <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt ea propoſitio: Plus & minus ex <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> mi<lb></lb>ſcella proficiſci, ſi contraria propriè contineat, reſpiciat ſolam <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>: ſi latius euagetur ad alia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>genera pertinere valeat. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tribuit illis vſus plus & minus, & ea notis indicat quæ præſeferunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõparationem">comparationem</expan>. </s> <s>Quare analogicè <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nunc in iis oppoſitio <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan>, & oppoſitorum participatio cauſ<lb></lb>ſa ſtatuatur eius intentionis quæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> tum verè eſt, cùm pars aliqua contrarij, ſiue gradus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> cum <lb></lb>altero conſiſtit quod ſanè in primis fit in qualitate, in ipſa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> oppoſita ſunt aliquid actu per ſe, & agen<lb></lb>di facultate pollent; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>pluribus inſunt modis in ſubiecto, & in hoc in quo vnum eſt ſecundùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, alterum contra naturam ineſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde à qualitate more iis conſueto quæ ſunt ad vnum <lb></lb>ordiamur. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contraria conſiſtere ſtatuamus <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> hanc cęteroquin obſcuram mox explanaturi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Profectò primo loco de terminis eius <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> eſt, mox de cauſsis, tertiò <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> attributa ſunt <expan abbr="exponẽda">exponenda</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quantum eſt de primo, certè ſi eſt alteratio, vt nobis indicauit Ariſt. </s> <s>termini motionis eius ſunt quali<lb></lb>tates. </s> <s>At verò qualitas <expan abbr="trifariã">trifariam</expan> producitur, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è non calido ſimpliciter fit calidum, & hæc eſt mutatio, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4474"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel è frigido, & hic eſt motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteratio propriè dicta, vel è calido calidius, & hæc eſt <expan abbr="intẽtio">intentio</expan>. </s> <s>Quare <lb></lb>intentio eſt <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> alteratio, ſed circum <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> formam. </s> <s>erit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à primo gradu quo .ſ. </s> <s>qualitas illa pri<lb></lb>mùm ſenſilis eſt, ad <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> quo proceſſus naturæ <expan abbr="finit̃">finitur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hi termini quibus intentio <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod verò pertinet ad cauſſas ſic agamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> forma per ſe <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> indiuidua eſt, nec plus minuſúe acci<lb></lb>pit. </s> <s>Sed quod plus accipit & minus .i. </s> <s>compoſitum, ſeu denominatum. </s> <s>quare cauſſa materię naſcitur in<lb></lb>tentio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quicquid ineſt in <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan>, illud eſt ex <expan abbr="incõpoſitis">incompoſitis</expan>, ea verò ſunt forma & materia: atqui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ex forma; ex materia <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan>. </s> <s>Proptereà erit intentio alteratio ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> eandem qualitatis .i. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb>ceſſus materiæ ſecundum <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> quam habet ad eandem qualitatem. </s> <s>Meminiſti <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nos in materia <lb></lb>poſuiſſe cum Auerroë diuerſos ordines <expan abbr="potentiarũ">potentiarum</expan> ad formas <expan abbr="remotiorũ">remotiorum</expan>, propinquiorum, & à poten<lb></lb>tia ſimpliciter qua materia <expan abbr="cõiũcta">coniuncta</expan> eſt cum actu oppoſito, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="vltimã">vltimam</expan> cum qua noua forma <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò in generatione ſubſtantiæ forma cùm foret indiuidua, non extabat antè <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> vltimam, ſed <lb></lb>aliquæ partes quæ nomine formæ non <expan abbr="potiebant̃">potiebantur</expan>. </s> <s>in qualitate & aliis accidentibus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fieri poterat, vt <lb></lb>partes <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> nomine nuncuparentur, ac totum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> totus ille progreſſus qui vnius eſt materiæ à pri<lb></lb>mo gradu qualitatis, vbi primum <expan abbr="denominationẽ">denominationem</expan> ſumpſit, ad vltimum vltra <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> conſiſtere nequit, in<lb></lb>tentio <expan abbr="vocabit̃">vocabitur</expan>, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> acquiſitio <expan abbr="mediorũ">mediorum</expan> quæ materiæ dicimus. </s> <s>Cùm verò diuiduæ ſint qualitates, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> partes <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> denominent <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> (cauſſas olim audiſti) perſpicuum eſt in iis eſſe <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4475"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſtatis, videlicet, & actus, & actus ſanè cauſſa formæ, poteſtatis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> priuilegio materiæ: atqui pote<lb></lb>ſtas ſemper <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> <expan abbr="fundat̃">fundatur</expan>, ex hoc <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> intentione contrarij <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſubſit. </s> <s>Inde <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, vt plus <lb></lb>& minus ex permiſsione contrarij <expan abbr="naſcat̃">naſcatur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> itidem vt quod minus eſt ad plus <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> contrarij ſubeat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam verò <expan abbr="oppoſitorũ">oppoſitorum</expan> cauſſæ ſolent eſſe oppoſitæ, intentioni verò <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan> remiſsio, dicemus item <lb></lb><expan abbr="remiſsionẽ">remiſsionem</expan> eſſe proceſſum ab vltima poteſtate ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> è conuerſo. </s> <s>Liceret <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicere eſſe terminos hu<lb></lb>ius motus <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> imperfectam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="perfectã">perfectam</expan>, nec ſimpliciter <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, ſed cùm radix totius huiuſce <lb></lb>progreſſus in cauſſas nuper explicatas neceſſariò <expan abbr="reſoluat̃">reſoluatur</expan>, illam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, vt ex rei natura proximè <lb></lb><expan abbr="deductã">deductam</expan> libentius amplectemur. </s> <s>Nihilo minus cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hęc repugnet, in ea id aduertendum eſſe du<lb></lb>ximus, cùm perfectum dupliciter eſſe queat, vel ad <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> ſubſtantiæ cuius eſt comes, vel ad proprium <lb></lb>genus quod continet <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> quo vis naturæ fertur non impedita, in intentione non <expan abbr="habendã">habendam</expan> eſſe ſpe<lb></lb>ciei <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, ſed progreſſus naturæ qui conſiſtit in vniuerſa latitudine <expan abbr="potẽtiæ">potentiæ</expan> ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> formam ſecundùm <lb></lb>quam fit intentio, vt tantum <expan abbr="capiat̃">capiatur</expan>, quantum materia progreditur accipiendo <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, licet cùm perni<lb></lb>cie ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>proinde ſiue ſit calor iſte ſecundùm, vel præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſiue habitus, ſiue affectio, inten<lb></lb>tioni & remiſsioni ſubiici poteſt. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> eſt cauſſa, cur in qualitate latitudo <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> conſiſtat ſine for<lb></lb>mæ, vel ſpeciei detrimento, & motus per <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan> intentio ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> remiſsio. </s> <s>Veniendum eſt nunc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4476"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Sed cùm ſubſtantia ſit <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> prima; proptereà <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> nudam offendat, accedit indi<lb></lb>uiduè, nec <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> latitudinem admittit: nam quicquid ſuperueniret, aut <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> non eſſet, aut aliquid <lb></lb>prius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſubſtantia foret in materia, & in eius productione foret inter, quod nos olim confutauimus: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> huc ea conferri volumus quæ de ſubſtantiarum mutatione decreta ſunt. </s> <s>Igitur alia remiſsionis <lb></lb>cauſſa erit afferenda, & mea quidem <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, participatio vel potentiæ, vel priuationis habenda eſt in ſuo <lb></lb><expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> genere. </s> <s>Sed cùm priuatio ſit <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, quod in iis quæ nata apta ſunt, medio vacet, efficitur, vt <lb></lb>eius diſceſsio & aduentus formæ poſita ſint in indiuiduo. </s> <s>& verò <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> priuationis <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="præſentiã">præſentiam</expan> for<lb></lb>mæ conſeruatur: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicere licet rem non eſſe, vbi adeſt forma primùm, tum res eſt: ideò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſa priuationis erit in ſubſtantiis intentio, vel remiſsio. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſic opinor eſſe dicendum: ſiue <lb></lb>de <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan>, <expan abbr="omniumq́">omniumque</expan>. </s> <s>rerum gradib. agamus, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de quodam certo <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> genere, & categoria. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam plus & minus ex gradibus <expan abbr="priuationũ">priuationum</expan> <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> perfectionum quæ ſunt in primo, quod eſt ex illo or<lb></lb>dine, ſumemus. </s> <s>Ita cùm ex animantium genere primus ſit homo, in <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>vita ſenſus, motus inſit, & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>; <lb></lb>diſtabit equus ab homine, quòd ratione priuatus ſit, <expan abbr="oſtreũ">oſtreum</expan>, quod etiam motu, plantæ, quae item ſenſu ca<lb></lb>reant; elementa, quòd <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vita. </s> <s>Verùm quòd de hoc ordine plenius poſteà diſceptabimus, in hac re ex<lb></lb>plicanda; non erit, quòd velimus nunc eſſe nimis accurati. </s> <s>Satis eſto nunc indicaſſe, quemadmodum <lb></lb>gradus iſti <expan abbr="collocent̃">collocentur</expan> in <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiis">ſubſtantiis</expan> ad <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> item <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> conſtituere placet eos gradus quos facit na <pb pagenum="763"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4477"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tura, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> à forma <expan abbr="cõmuniore">communiore</expan> contendit in ſpecificam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vbiq.">Vbique</expan> tamen poteſtatis & materiæ latitudo op<lb></lb>poſitis eſt ſupponenda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eodemq́">Eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo de aliis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> iudicemus quibus contrariorum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> non ineſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic ex eo <expan abbr="ſumit̃">ſumitur</expan> quantitatum gradus, quae habeant, hæc <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan>, careant alia, quòd hæc permaneant, illa <lb></lb>fluant quòd <expan abbr="permanentiũ">permanentium</expan> <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> vnico modo <expan abbr="diuidant̃">diuidantur</expan> alia <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, nonnulla <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis, priore ſem<lb></lb>per indicante <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> & formam, poſteriore verò priuationem. </s> <s>Ab illo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ordine priuationum ea <expan abbr="de-riuant̃">de<lb></lb>riuantur</expan> quæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> in quibus eſt <foreign lang="grc">ὑφεσις</foreign> .i. </s> <s>humilitas naturæ: niſi quae priuationes in his quæ ſunt ad <lb></lb>vnum, non ex vno fonte ſcaturiunt, vel genere, vel ſubiecto, verùm in ſingulis inferioribus ſeparata pri<lb></lb>uatio collocatur <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> abſentiam notans, nec vllam <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> in ſubiecto <expan abbr="cõmonſtrans">commonſtrans</expan>, quod ſecus eue<lb></lb>nit in vniuocis. </s> <s>In aliis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quanuis tranſcendentia ſint, elucet <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> poteſtatis & actus, pro <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> varia <lb></lb>participatione plus & minus exoritur. </s> <s>Ex quibus apparet vt analogicè plus & minus ex oppoſitorum <lb></lb>mixtione exiſtat. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm eſſentia modis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ſit inuariabilis; <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, vt quod plus, & minus acci<lb></lb>pit, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quaſi <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> habeat denominati: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> magis, & minus verum: magis, & mi<lb></lb>nus ens. </s> <s>non magis aut minus veritas & eſſentia. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt cùm ab eo quod eſt quale, deno<lb></lb>minatio pendeat; plus & minus ad res qualitatis beneficio pertineat, & quicquid eam <expan abbr="cõditionem">conditionem</expan> ſu<lb></lb>bit, per <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> qualis quodammodò exprimatur. </s> <s>Quòd verò duæ ſunt in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto naturæ: altera <lb></lb>per ſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera per <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>: perſuadet nobis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> non eſſe quod <expan abbr="remiſsũ">remiſsum</expan> eſt, vt in mediis gradibus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4478"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed vnum eſſe, quae vna ſit motio ſenſus, quæ ſimul ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> fit, ſiquidem <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> efficiat, quantum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed ab oppoſito <expan abbr="refractũ">refractum</expan> non queat efficere <expan abbr="sũmum">summum</expan>; vnde medium quid <expan abbr="exorit̃">exoritur</expan>, quod actu ſanè vnum <lb></lb>eſt, verùm poteſtate plura; veluti quies illa quæ fit, vbi <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> continuum ad partes oppoſitas <expan abbr="trahat̃">trahatur</expan> <lb></lb>æqualiter, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſit in articulis noſtri corporis, dum à muſculis oppoſitis intenduntur. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi media <lb></lb>quies quæ duabus virtutibus pollet: & eſt vna ad ſenſum, naturæ <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> longè diuerſæ: ſic medium quod <lb></lb>eſt remiſſum <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, quòd vno modo mouet ſenſum, nec plus illa poſſunt quæ de hoc medio, quae vnum <lb></lb>ſit, teſtatus eſt Ariſt. 5. Phyſ. ſed modus, quo contraria perſiſtunt in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto, non <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, & penitus <lb></lb>aliæ naturæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> eſt quòd hîc nobis opponatur, ſic fore vt mixtio ſit ad ſenſum, quod tamen ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="confutatũ">confutatum</expan> eſt: nam de minimorum <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan> verba in eo loco faciebat Ariſt. </s> <s>& refutabat eos qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4479"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nulla qualitatis mutatione mixtionem fieri profitebantur; ob paruitatem tamen corporum, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>quid tertium iudicari à ſenſibus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fit in colorum miſcellis quæ <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan> à piſtoribus, vbi vnus <lb></lb>medius color apparet, licèt plures vnà conſiſtant, quòd paruitatis cauſſa latent: nos affici contraria vo<lb></lb>lumus, & paſsionem in materia collocamus; <expan abbr="vnumq́">vnumque</expan>. </s> <s>ad ſenſum dicimus eſſe remiſſum, cuius tamen <lb></lb>cauſſa non fit vna, & effectum ſubiici ſenſui; latêre cauſſam.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4480"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4468"></margin.target>a 1. ſen. <lb></lb>D. 17. <lb></lb>Q 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4469"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4470"></margin.target>b 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 84.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4471"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4472"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4473"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4474"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4475"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4476"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4477"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4478"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4479"></margin.target>a 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4480"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur vtrùm contrariorum partes vnà conſistant; an'ne inter ſe prorſus oppugnent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM quòd à nobis <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> partes vnà conſiſtere: <expan abbr="variumq́">variumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr="philoſoforũ">philoſoforum</expan> <lb></lb>de hac re <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan>; nec defuere viri ſapientiſsimi qui conuincere <expan abbr="conarent̃">conarentur</expan> contraria nulla ex par<lb></lb>te inter ſe tolerare poſſe: proptereà de hoc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> decernamus oportet: nam niſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſic eſſe <expan abbr="cõſtet">conſtet</expan>, eius <lb></lb>cauſſam fruſtra perſuadere conemur. </s> <s>Burleus ergo vir acerrimus in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> diſceptatione pluribus argu<lb></lb>mentis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> difficilibus & acutis <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> <expan abbr="negantẽ">negantem</expan> probare contendit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> pretium operæ fa<lb></lb>ciemus, ſi ſingula repetamus, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>vitia notemus. </s> <s>Et quoniam ſolet è medio tolli noſtra <expan abbr="cõtrouer-ſia">controuer<lb></lb>ſia</expan> poſita diſtinctione <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> quæ vel ſumma exiſtunt, vel aliqua ex parte remiſſa, & vbi ſumma <lb></lb>fuerint; negari ſimul ea conſtare; tum verò ſimul eſſe, cùm remittuntur; neque id tantum poſſe fieri, <lb></lb>ſed eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſarium: idcirco <expan abbr="arcẽ">arcem</expan> <expan abbr="aggredit̃">aggreditur</expan>, & hoc diſputationis <expan abbr="mẽbrum">membrum</expan> tollere <expan abbr="conat̃">conatur</expan>, atque <lb></lb>conuincere; contraria <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo ſimul non poſſe manere. </s> <s>Primum verò <expan abbr="nitit̃">nititur</expan> hac hypotheſi. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Contradictionẽ">Contradictionem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>: quamobrem <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reliquas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> repugnantias, & oppoſitiones <expan abbr="cõ-plecti">con<lb></lb>plecti</expan>. </s> <s>Si igitur contraria ſimul conſiſterent, & contradicentia ſimul eſſent: etenim idem ſimul <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4481"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> foret; <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>, & non album: at id <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> repudiandum. </s> <s>Deinde inquit extrema contraria ſecum <lb></lb>magis pugnant <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> & <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>: <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> media <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> viciſsim: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id probabile <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>eſt: <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> maiore interuallo extrema ipſa, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> media & extrema, vel ipſa media <expan abbr="diſiungunt̃">diſiunguntur</expan>, & eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="mortaliũ">mortalium</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> iudicium media ex extremis eſſe conflata, & <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> multò <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> intercedere in<lb></lb>ter medium, & extrema, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter duo media: magis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſtat viride ab albo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à flauo. </s> <s>proptereà media <lb></lb>multo magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliqua ſimul conſiſtent. </s> <s>Sed hæc vnà non manent: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> multò minus id de extremis <lb></lb>verè prędicabitur. </s> <s>Tertiò, motus ait Ariſt. </s> <s>eſſe contrarios propter repugnantiam terminorum: formæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> contrariæ ſi vnà eſſe queunt, vt calor & frigus, ſimul <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fiunt contrarij motus, calefactio .ſ. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>refrigeratio. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> fateri extrema dementia eſt: nam ſi <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> <expan abbr="refrigerat̃">refrigeratur</expan>, quatenus ita mouetur; <expan abbr="fri-giditatẽ">fri<lb></lb>giditatem</expan> verſus <expan abbr="agit̃">agitur</expan>. </s> <s>& eius motus eſt frigefactio. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan>, dum frigidum fit, vt duo; fit <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> calidum, <lb></lb>vt ſex; <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> <expan abbr="identidẽ">identidem</expan> ad caliditatem, & eius eſt calefactio. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſic argumentatur. </s> <s>In omni mo<lb></lb>tu terminus à quo, & terminus ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſunt aſyſtati. </s> <s>Sed vna forma <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> in <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> gradu poteſt <lb></lb>eſſe terminus à quo motus terminati reliquo contrario pariter in <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> gradu. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> formæ con<lb></lb>trariæ <expan abbr="cuiuſcunq.">cuiuſcunque</expan> gradus fuerint, inter ſe tolerare non poſſunt. </s> <s>Propoſitio verò ſic approbatur. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>cęteroqui ſi mobile poſſet eſſe in termino à quo, & in termino ad quem; poſſet vnà moueri. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mo<lb></lb>ueri: quà <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> participaret <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> à quo moueretur: quà verò foret in termino ad quem; iam quieuiſ<lb></lb>ſet. </s> <s>Aſſumptionem verò ſic confirmat Burleus. </s> <s>Quoniam ſubiectum <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> contrariorum ſubie <pb pagenum="764"></pb>rit in <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> gradu; altero contrario priuatum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> priuatum eſt, obtinet poteſtatem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4482"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad illud, & <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad ipſum moueri: hoc igitur erit terminus à quo: alterum verò terminus ad quem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Forma ergo contraria in quocunque gradu <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe terminus à quo motus terminati altero contrario, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiuſcunq.">cuiuſcunque</expan> fuerit gradus. </s> <s>Et illud adiecit doctiſsimus Scaliger. </s> <s>Contraria eſſe per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>: atqui eſſen<lb></lb>tia non mutat gradus. </s> <s>Igitur in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> gradu repugnantia. </s> <s>Ex his ergo concluditur contraria, neque <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in gradu remiſſo in <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> coire ſubiectum. </s> <s>Verùm ſi in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto contraria ſimul eſſe nequeunt; <lb></lb>nulla erit alteratio, ſed mutatio ſolùm: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> forma tota ſimul <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> acciperetur à ſubiecto. <lb></lb></s> <s>nulla <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> mixtio, quæ cùm prorſus <expan abbr="aduerſent̃">aduerſentur</expan> iis quæ monſtrat ſenſus, & luce clariora <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <expan abbr="cõpellunt">compellunt</expan> nos <lb></lb>ad diluendas <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> quæ in hanc <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> problematis <expan abbr="inferunt̃">inferuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> verò explicationem <expan abbr="properãtes">properantes</expan>, <lb></lb>vt viam muniamus, nonnulla prius exploranda ſunt ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> dubitationes profligari queant. </s> <s>Noſſe <lb></lb>ergo oportet eiuſmodi eſſe <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> naturam, vt ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere collocata maximo ſpatio diſiun<lb></lb>gantur, & cùm <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> ſit; quibuſdam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> terminis cohiberi (pugnant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maximum & infinitum) <lb></lb>vbi non maximè diſtent, ea non eſſe contraria. </s> <s>Quoniam verò contraria ſunt veluti formæ quæ <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere comprehenduntur; in materia <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan>, & de illius occupatione <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> <expan abbr="digla-diant̃">digla<lb></lb>diantur</expan>. </s> <s>Atenim in <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> contrario duo ſunt initia, poteſtas .ſ. </s> <s>& actus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc vel prima, vel ſecun<lb></lb>da; proinde duo progreſſus, à poteſtate prima ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> primum, & à poteſtate ſecunda ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> conſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4483"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>milem. </s> <s>prima poteſtas eſt in materia; <expan abbr="ſecũda">ſecunda</expan> in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> quod <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan>, aut genitum eſt. </s> <s>Actus primus <lb></lb>vt habitus, cui ſemper manet affixus ſecundus ipſi proportione <expan abbr="reſpõdens">reſpondens</expan>, niſi quid vetet, actus ſecun<lb></lb>dus ad agendum neceſſarius, (<expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actio fit ab actu <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan>) <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eiuſmodi, vt quanuis actio <lb></lb>ſemper <expan abbr="obeat̃">obeatur</expan> in alio ſubiecto; nihilominus ita ſe habeat, vt præſente ſubiecto, & reliquis quæ extrin<lb></lb>ſecùs <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actio flagitat; protinus efficiat: veruntamen ab actu contrario labefactari valeat, & tum eſt <lb></lb>ſecunda poteſtas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> neceſſe eſt interueniat <expan abbr="abigẽs">abigens</expan> <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, vt ſe res habeat ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>& depulſa poteſtate <expan abbr="reſtauret̃">reſtauretur</expan>. </s> <s>Actus ſanè primus <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> contrahatur, & eget affectione præuia qua <expan abbr="cõ-trariæ">con<lb></lb>trariæ</expan> affectiones quibus vtitur verus forma, tollantur; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hęc vel eſt ex categoria diuerſa, veluti cùm <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> ſubſtantia <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan>, aut rarum, vel ex eadem, ſicuti per <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> caliditas, niſi quòd hîc vt paſsio, <lb></lb>ibi vt forma; hæc ab initio tota externa eſt, ſed in progreſſu fit propria ſubiecti conſtituta certa pote<lb></lb>ſtate, <expan abbr="certoq́">certoque</expan>. </s> <s>gradu materię, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> promotione <expan abbr="tandẽ">tandem</expan> <expan abbr="perficit̃">perficitur</expan>, & <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> abſolutus eſt primus actus; <expan abbr="idemq.">idemque</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe talis, vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> eſt ex ſeipſo, queat operari, ſed <expan abbr="impedit̃">impeditur</expan> interdum, vel ex non apta præparatione <lb></lb>materiæ; ſic quanuis catulus habeat oculos; non videt, quòd præ copia humoris nequit palpebras at<lb></lb>tollere, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> propter <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, ſed & ibi materia præparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & hîc arceri <expan abbr="cõtrariũ">contrarium</expan>; ex quo <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, <lb></lb>vt euehatur ad <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> gradum, <expan abbr="quiq.">quique</expan> ſit ei maximè naturalis. </s> <s>Cùm hæc ita ſint; contingit vt plus & <lb></lb>minus in <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan> inſint <expan abbr="trifariã">trifariam</expan>, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> comparetur habitus, eiuſúe pars, & <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id eſt ex affectione, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4484"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="præterq́">præterque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vel cùm pars habitus acceſsit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſed illiuſmodi, vt ad <expan abbr="sũmum">summum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum habitu promoueri poſsit, vel <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> habitu contracto, ſi <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan> <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> inhęſerit quod adhuc detrahi <lb></lb>non potuerit, aut vbi perfectus ſit, & concutiatur à contrario: proinde habens non vtatur. </s> <s>ſic lignum <lb></lb>à calido <expan abbr="afficit̃">afficitur</expan> cum <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ſenſu, & plus minuſúe inſigniter, & <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> mutare cœpit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & fieri ignis, ac <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ignis eſt factus vt carbo, <expan abbr="flãmam">flammam</expan> <expan abbr="cõcepit">concepit</expan>, & <expan abbr="flãma">flamma</expan> abſoluta ab aquæ frigore afflicta, <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> excuſ<lb></lb>ſo frigore victoria potita eſt. </s> <s>Cęterùm etſi <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> cadunt in contraria propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> quæ pariter <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <lb></lb>reſpicit, & <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> accepit, adſpirat ad <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, quòd in alterutro ſit alterutrius priuatio quam ipſa <lb></lb>cupit abiicere, non eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> modus: <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> enim habitus tantiſper <expan abbr="cõtractus">contractus</expan> ſit, motus eſt à contra<lb></lb>rio in <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>; habitu contractu motus eſt in eadem ſpecie, & illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> verè, & propriè <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> alteratio; <lb></lb>hæc verò alteratio <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>, quòd eſt ad <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> qualitatis, non ad <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> ſimpliciter, illa pro<lb></lb>ductio qualitatis; hic profectus propriè, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">ἐπίδοσῖς</foreign>, ille motus per ſe ab alterante, hic per accidens, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> à generante <expan abbr="priuſq̃">priuſquam</expan> abſoluatur; <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> verò <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan> eſt, à remouente prohibens, & ibi <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> eſt <lb></lb>ad ſenſum; hîc ex natura: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> cùm fiat <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> ex frigido; <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> caloris habitus acceſſerit, licèt actu <expan abbr="fri-gidũ">fri<lb></lb>gidum</expan> non ſit (immutat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſum, quà <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>) at in habitu <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> eſt, etſi verè nominare velimus, <expan abbr="fri-gidũ">fri<lb></lb>gidum</expan> adhuc <expan abbr="appellat̃">appellatur</expan>, non <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi ferueat aqua, frigiditatis nomen <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dum illi conueniat, quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4485"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit frigida in habitu, & ex natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> concaluiſſe, & aliquid perpeſſa fuiſſe rectè dicetur, non calida; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> ſanè euidens, quòd non <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> calidum ſit per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>: ſiquidem eſſentia <expan abbr="nuncupationẽ">nuncupationem</expan> <expan abbr="habitumq́">habitumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="cõmutet">commutet</expan>. </s> <s>Vbi cœpit affici, & habitu contracto vel <expan abbr="afficit̃">afficitur</expan> à contrario, vel <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> priſtinum <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> recu<lb></lb>perat: <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> tamen mutatio eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, non dico, quatenus <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, quòd ſic mutaretur in <lb></lb><expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>: quatenus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc notat <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> à quo, ſed <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, quod indicat genus ſecundùm quod; <lb></lb>quoniam ſemper retinetur <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> calidi, & in his poſita eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> intentionis & remiſsionis. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis <lb></lb>apparet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vniuſmodi eſſe <expan abbr="progreſsũ">progreſsum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> inter qualitates; etenim eſt vel ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ eſt habitus, <lb></lb>vel ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ eſt actus ſecundus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in actu ſecundo, vel per ſe quod eſt, cùm ſequitur <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> primum, <lb></lb>vel per accidens, vbi actu primo permanente ab aduerſo ſecundus ipſius proprius oppugnetur; nihilo<lb></lb>minus vt ex contrario. </s> <s>In <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> his progreſsibus ſunt termini, ſunt & media, quos gradus voco, ſed in <lb></lb>iis qui ſunt ex extremis eſt, ex toto genere repugnantia. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> eſt cum alteratione coniuncta mu<lb></lb>tatio inter ens & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ens, quæ <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan> ente: nam tum non eſt <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>, cùm album eſt <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan>, & anteà <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> fiebat <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>; nihilominus erat <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in productione ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non eſſe rei <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="corrũpebatur">corrumpebatur</expan>, eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> cum primo eſſe rei quæ gignebatur; ſic <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non eſſe nigri eſt primum eſ<lb></lb>ſe albi: <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id prohibet quae dealbatio ſit diuidua; nam quod attinet ad eſſe quod eſt comes eſſentię, & <lb></lb>formæ (per hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> res eſt) hęc prorſus indiuidua ſunt: idcirco <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> eſt, quae eſſentiæ <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> <pb pagenum="765"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4486"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſiſtunt: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quaſi contradicentia in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere: quamobrem eſt ille progreſſus ex materia to<lb></lb>tus, & quanuis alteratio ſit <expan abbr="tẽpori">tempori</expan> obnoxia, <expan abbr="denominatioq.">denominatioque</expan> monſtret particulatim ſuccedere <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm in diuerſis gradibus accidens poſsit <expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> nomen ſubiecto; at <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> formæ nihilominus indi<lb></lb>uiduæ ſunt; actus ſecundi ſunt diuidui, qui <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſic aliquando proſternuntur, vt ne <expan abbr="vllũ">vllum</expan> quidem eorum <lb></lb><expan abbr="veſtigiũ">veſtigium</expan> extet in ſenſibus noſtris, ſed ſub contrariis <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> deliteſcant: nec minus iaceat forma <expan abbr="cõſopita">conſopita</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> anima, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> cibo <expan abbr="ſomnoq́">ſomnoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſepulta eſt: veruntamen hæc partitio interna non eſt, ſed extrinſecùs, & ex <lb></lb>euento, quandò per ſe quidem tota functio exiſtit; at cùm pendeat ex motu impedimenti quod fit per <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan>, etiam <expan abbr="quodãmodò">quodammodò</expan> ſucceſsioni obnoxia <expan abbr="reddit̃">redditur</expan>, ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cùm expergiſcimur, ſumus ab ini<lb></lb>tio ſemiſomnes, & obaudimus, poſt vbi <expan abbr="crapulã">crapulam</expan> edormierimus, vigilamus, & contemplamur; ſic forma <lb></lb>niſi ſuperetur ab aduerſario, ex illius vinculis expedita <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> agit ex natura in cęteris ſucceſsio per ſe <lb></lb>adeſt quæ <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> ducit à poteſtate materiæ, quae ſi profligetur præualente contrario; materia guſtante <lb></lb><expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, quod ſperat ex altera forma; nouum <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> paullatim induit, & <expan abbr="veterẽ">veterem</expan> deponit: ita <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vt quod <lb></lb>accipit, & quod deponit, ſit <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> formæ pars, forma verò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>, & exinde fit, vt forma labefactata <lb></lb>actus <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> ſecundi eneruentur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="frangant̃">frangantur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dupliciter <expan abbr="minuunt̃">minuuntur</expan> actus, & per ſe, vbi nihil adhuc <lb></lb>de forma deteratur, & partibus eius, & ex conſecutione, cùm forma afflicta nihil amplius præſtare va<lb></lb>let, & ſicut æger diutius <expan abbr="contẽplari">contemplari</expan> nequit, ſed paruo negocio delaſſatur, & tamen integra mens eſt, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4487"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corpus <expan abbr="infractũ">infractum</expan>, ſic forma <expan abbr="cõſeruatur">conſeruatur</expan> adhuc, ſed cauſſa materiæ paullatim deſerentis <expan abbr="reddit̃">redditur</expan> impotens, <lb></lb><expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò vt armis quaſi de manibus ereptis <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> præſidio deſtituta <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> fatiſcat: noua illa velut trium<lb></lb>phans adepta victoria ſuccedat, & actu veteris excuſſo ſuum proprium opponat. </s> <s>Hîc igitur <expan abbr="actuũ">actuum</expan> du<lb></lb>plex eſt ordo, & <expan abbr="graduũ">graduum</expan> duplex, & actus quidem ante <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> nouam qui externus eſt; alter qui fit ex <lb></lb>habitu. </s> <s>ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> imperfectus; hic <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> numeris & partibus abſolutus & gradus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> proportione affe<lb></lb>ctionis .ſ. </s> <s>& productionis à quibus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> conſimilis aliqua forma induci valeat in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vrit fer<lb></lb>rum candens, vt ſtupa ardens. </s> <s>Sed quemadmodum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ille iuſtus appellatur qui agit aliquid iuſtè, ſed <lb></lb>qui agit ex iuſtitia; ſic gradus illi non denominant qui ſunt externi, verùm illi qui ſunt ex forma: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>minus in ea denominatione deciperemur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille qui <expan abbr="iudicẽ">iudicem</expan> auarum & iniquum, ſiquid iuſtè ageret; <lb></lb><expan abbr="æquũ">æquum</expan> virum appellaret: appareret ſanè homini ignaro talis, non eſſet: ita nec aqua calida rectè <expan abbr="dicet̃">dicetur</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed incaluiſſe, & cui calida videbitur; is ſanè <expan abbr="sẽſum">senſum</expan> iudicem nimis <expan abbr="rudẽ">rudem</expan> conſulet; rationem ad quam <lb></lb>eius rei <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> pertinet, miſſam faciet, & <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> ſimilitudo fallet. </s> <s>Ibi igitur denominatio conuenit, vbi for<lb></lb>ma, & habitus antecedit. </s> <s>& ita pendet ex habitu nuncupatio, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi careat actu; tamen ex ipſo dicatur, <lb></lb>velut aqua, tametſi feruet; adhuc per habitum frigida perhibetur: cęterùm quae ineſt in ſubiecto quod eſt <lb></lb>actu, & intentio eſt mutatio quæ <expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan> à materia circum <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliter, quàm in ſubſtantia cu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4488"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ius progreſſus eo quae fiebat circum poteſtate <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, efficiebat, quae res eſſet, & appellationem variabat; <lb></lb>hîc actu ſaluo materia non mutat nomen. </s> <s>At verò ſiue ſit intentio graduum per ſe in affectione, ſiue <lb></lb>cum habitu, terminos habent; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in ortu quidem calidi ſunt <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> & frigidum, in promotione verò <lb></lb>ſecundi actus prima, & extrema pars ſenſilis: inter <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> genus <expan abbr="interiectũ">interiectum</expan> eſt inter, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſic diſtinguendum videtur pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſenſus, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>ex progreſſu illo ſenſus euidenter <expan abbr="immutat̃">immutatur</expan>, <lb></lb>& inſignis <expan abbr="orit̃">oritur</expan> in ea forma differentia, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> verò differentias etſi variis modis partiri licet; at perſpicui<lb></lb>tatis gratia ponunt octo philoſophi. </s> <s>Intra hoſce terminos includitur <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> poteſtas cuius priuilegio <expan abbr="alte-rũ">alte<lb></lb>rum</expan> è contrariis tendit ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> intereunti ſuccedit, & cùm ab actu actio producatur, à po<lb></lb>teſtate perpeſsio, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> agendo, & patiendo <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> pugnant, donec aut afflicta iaceant, & concilientur, <lb></lb>quia plus efficere nequeant, aut altero <expan abbr="prępotẽte">prępotente</expan> quod inferius eſt in alterius <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan> cedat: inter eos <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quibus <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> forma <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>, iacet <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> poteſtas quæ ſecunda vocatur. </s> <s>Veruntamen natura per ſe in<lb></lb>tendit, remittit per accidens, & per accidens corrumpit per ſe verò producit; quanuis vnius interitus <lb></lb>cum alterius ortu, & vnius remiſsio cum alterius intentione perpetua ſocietate iungantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vt ex<lb></lb>trema non <expan abbr="cõſiſtunt">conſiſtunt</expan>, & cum abſoluta quiete coniunguntur; ſic vbi cœpit affici <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & primus gra<lb></lb>dus eſt inductus, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſummus eius gradus qui extabat, extinctus eſt, & ad <expan abbr="ſeptimũ">ſeptimum</expan> deductus promotio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4489"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne facta <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan>, ſextus oppoſitus illi ſuccedit, & ſic deinceps, donec ille qui producebatur, ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="octauũ">octauum</expan> peruenerit, cum quo nihil amplius aduerſi conſiſtit, & tum finis erit <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> certaminis: intra extre<lb></lb>ma ſeſe viciſsim, vt tamen aduerſa tolerant, & velut vna ciuitas continet: quidem ſeditionem; nihilo<lb></lb>minus animi ciuium, & arma diſiuncta ſunt; ſic <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia retinet diuerſos actus contrariorum, non <lb></lb>planè perfectos, ſed tamen repugnantes, & qui non amicè, ſed ex impotentia componantur: at enim <lb></lb>eſſentiæ repugnant omnibus modis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4481"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4482"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4483"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4484"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4485"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4486"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4487"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4488"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4489"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex conſtitutis aliquæ dubitationes pelluntur, & nonnulla contra intentionem & remiſſionem <lb></lb>diſputantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EA quæ dicta ſunt, moſtrant nobis, quemadmodum motus ſe habeat ad <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>. </s> <s>etenim in vni<lb></lb>uerſo motu inter ſe cohęrent, vt <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> niſi ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> diuellantur: ac ſunt iidem <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> termi<lb></lb>ni ſubiecto, <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> tantummodò ſegregati: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> mutationis termini ſunt <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> & non album; nigrum <lb></lb>& non <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>: motus verò <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> & nigrum. </s> <s>nigrum paullatim deperit, & <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> ſenſim producitur. </s> <s>& pri<lb></lb>mò eſt <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan>, & contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; poſt fit <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; ad extremum eſt <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>& cùm ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> ſit, prius fieret, quod <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> anteà fiebat, erat non ens: ergo inter <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> & nigrum eſt <lb></lb>aliquid inter quod appellatione <expan abbr="extremorũ">extremorum</expan> quoquo pacto venit; <expan abbr="excludit̃">excluditur</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ente, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ente: <expan abbr="dealbat̃">dealbatur</expan> <pb pagenum="766"></pb>enim & albeſcit, ſed non <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> eſt album. </s> <s>Apparet <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ex dictis, vtrùm abiectio termini à quo, & <expan abbr="cõparatio">comparatio</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4490"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>termini ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> duo ſint, an potius vnus motus. </s> <s>nam cùm motus quilibet è duobus terminis <expan abbr="cõponatur">componatur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alter amittendus eſt neceſſariò, alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contrahendus, & hic ſit vnus ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> motus: vnius <lb></lb><expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> amiſsio, <expan abbr="alteriuſq́">alteriuſque</expan>. </s> <s>contractio ſunt vnicus motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat quòd accidentia duo ſint quæ <lb></lb>terminent <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> motum, quia non efficiunt duos motus, niſi ſe habeant <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> & termini ad quos, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> vt termini à quibus. </s> <s>Non eſt illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> formidandum quod obiici video à nonnullis, plus & mi<lb></lb>nus reſpicere <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> quorundam formas, vt <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> proprietates quæ in ipſis intrinſecùs inhæreant: <lb></lb>quippe quòd dans <expan abbr="nobiliorẽ">nobiliorem</expan> <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> formalem ſit nobilius, & perfectius in eſſentia. </s> <s>Cùm igitur acci<lb></lb>dentis forma ſit <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>: in ſe ipſa <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> continebit gradus, nec forinſecùs accipiet. </s> <s>Nam forma per ſe ipſam <lb></lb>ſemper eſt perfectiſsima; ſiquid illi deſit; alij, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> materiæ cauſſa eſt adſcribenda: ergo propter <expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan> dat <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> <expan abbr="nobiliorẽ">nobiliorem</expan>, non ſimpliciter, ſed ſimpliciter dat nobiliſsimum; verùm quòd impeditur ob<lb></lb>ſtinatione materiæ, plus minuſúe nobilem <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> <expan abbr="cogit̃">cogitur</expan> exhibere. </s> <s>Quapropter formæ tribuitur per ſe <lb></lb>id quod illi alterius priuilegio conuenit, & per accidens. </s> <s>Attamen & alia grauiora ſunt quæ nobis op<lb></lb>poni queunt, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> rationem habere nos oporteat in hac quæſtione, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in ea ſolùm, ſed in quęſtione <lb></lb>de motu <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan> de qua complura antehac ſcripſimus. </s> <s>idcirco prius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> progrediamur vlterius, con<lb></lb>uellenda ſunt, ne quis ſcrupulus animos noſtros à veritate diuertat. </s> <s>Volumus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimul elementa mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4491"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ueri & gigni; & tum <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> eſſe elementum, cùm fuerit genitum: aut ſi <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> perhibetur eſſe forma <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ, ſume <expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan>: proptereà duo ſunt motus qui ſubiecto <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="conueniũt">conueniunt</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſeparantur: <lb></lb>nam <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> lationis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterationis eſt forma verus; in noua forma motus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> termini <expan abbr="inhęrẽt">inhęrent</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At vero ſi ita ſit, dicet aliquis, neceſſe eſt hæc abſurda <expan abbr="cõſequantur">conſequantur</expan>. </s> <s>Primum quòd non eſſet <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="ſubie-ctũ">ſubie<lb></lb>ctum</expan> quod <expan abbr="alterabat̃">alterabatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="alteratũ">alteratum</expan> eſt, & <expan abbr="ferebat̃">ferebatur</expan> olim, poſteà latum eſt: idem <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> eſſe debet <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> motus, <lb></lb>& formę <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terminus eſt <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> motus: aliter <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> de hoc ſubiecto migraret in aliud. </s> <s>neque. </s> <s>p. tibi <expan abbr="cõfu-gere">confu<lb></lb>gere</expan> licet ad <expan abbr="ſuppoſitũ">ſuppoſitum</expan> quod <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> ſit genito & corrupto: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpecie <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> aër & aqua. </s> <s>Deinde vel <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> calefactio qua afficitur aqua prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fiat aër, vel diuerſa, ſi <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe fatearis; ergo <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt calor <lb></lb>qui in aëre gignitur & aqua: nam ſi termini diuerſi, ergo & motus. </s> <s>ſed calor idem non eſt: quia ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>migratio ſequeretur accidentis: hec igitur calefactio. </s> <s>Quòd ſi diuerſas eas eſſe velis, alteratio fit in in<lb></lb>ſtanti: fit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum forma noua, ſed hæc <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> temporis exiſtit, & calefactio igitur, ac perinde alteratio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tertiò alterabile quatenus huiuſmodi, non deſinit eſſe ſimpliciter, ſed eſſe tale. </s> <s>Ergo calor in igni geni<lb></lb>to non eſt terminus calefactionis aquæ. </s> <s>Poſtremò omnis motus habet <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> intrinſecum, & medio <lb></lb>vacantem: vel ergo eſt terminus iſte calor ignis, & magis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> forma eiuſdem, vel eſt magis ipſa forma, ſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> dederis; efficitur, vt accidentis forma natura præcedat introductioni formæ ſubſtantiæ: ſi alte<lb></lb>rum fatearis, & calor igitur qui terminus eſt alterationis, ignis generationem conſequetur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> altera<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4492"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tio terminabitur ortu, & forma ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> nos ab initio libri profeſsi ſumus ea perſequi de al<lb></lb>teratione, quæ ſuaipſius eſſent, & <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> ſe, nulla habita ratione ſubſtantiæ, non ignari per ſe, & <expan abbr="ſecũ-dũ">ſecun<lb></lb>dum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, eam inſeruire generationi ſubſtantiæ, illo verò modo erat à generatione ſecreta: cùm de ipſa <lb></lb>nihil adhuc ad generationem facta mentio fuerit; pro ea perſona quam ille ſuſtinet qui generalem de <lb></lb>motu diſceptationem inſtituit, & ad hæc aliquid in præſentia dicemus. </s> <s>In primis igitur natura conſu<lb></lb>lit generationi ſubſtantiæ, quae <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> maximè cupit eſſe, cùm ſine illa nihil aliorum ſubſiſtere queat: ea for<lb></lb>ma terminatur; ex hac omnes aliorum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> actus erumpunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt locum ex forma prodire do<lb></lb>cuimus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> terminus <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> mutationum, non male creditur eſſe forma, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè, quae ſit internus, & <lb></lb>proprius mutationis <expan abbr="cuiuſq́">cuiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>finis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> deſtinata ſua forma, lationi vbi, alterationi qualitas, & <lb></lb>quantitas incremento: ſed quia formaliter eſſe inde accipiant; & quia natura ſatagat, vt ſubſtantiam pro<lb></lb>ducat; quae illa producta cętera <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſequantur; veluti medicus ille qui colorem <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> ęgro reſtitutu<lb></lb>rus moderatur humores; illis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> exæquatis exilit continuò color. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> forma eius prędicamenti <expan abbr="ſecun-dũ">ſecun<lb></lb>dum</expan> quod fit motus; eſt finis proximus, & internus alterationis, <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> potius, cui potiſsimè natura pa<lb></lb>ret eiuſmodi formam. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> motuum rationem præcipuè videatur habuiſſe Philo<lb></lb>ſophus qui perſeipſos ſubſiſtunt. </s> <s>Deinde cùm ſit aliqua actio, quæ habitui præcedat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia quæ na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4493"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcatur ex habitu; ſcire licet eas non eſſe eaſdem ſimpliciter, ſed ad ſenſum, quippe quae non ex cauſsis eiſ<lb></lb>dem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eaſdem eſſe formaliter, ſed vt ita dixerim, effectiuè, quae eundem effectum pariant. </s> <s>Aut ſi rem <lb></lb>tibi diligentius enodari velis, accipe calorem, qui ab initio imprimitur ab altero, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ſubſtantia ge<lb></lb>nerari cœpit extrinſecùs idem eſſe, differre intrinſecùs hoc modo, quia nimirùm <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alteratio inſtitua<lb></lb>tur ad ſubſtantiam, & quo fit, vt calor quo ſubſtantia generat, ſit eius <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, profectò & gratia <lb></lb>finis & efficientis erit idem: ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in ſubiecto non inſit eodem modo; quippe quae modò vt paſsio, mox <lb></lb>vt habitus, vel natura, quia <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> eius eſt ineſſe, ex differentia modi, quo ineſt, dico eum calorem: ſpe<lb></lb>cie <expan abbr="naturaq́">naturaque</expan>. </s> <s>differre. </s> <s>Tertiò motum <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> flagitare planè vnum ſubiectum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud quidem actu: ſed <lb></lb>nunquid terminus eius motus eſſe debeat infixus in eodem ſubiecto, vt ſit vnus? </s> <s>neſcio ſatis ſit'ne per<lb></lb>petuum. </s> <s>fatebor equidem in illa alteratione, quæ ſeparatur ab ortu, ſic euenire; ſed in omni <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe negabo. </s> <s>Nam ſicut vna eſt generatio lapidis; attamen generatio fundatur materia, cuius actus eſt <lb></lb>habitus, & aſpiratio ſicca, terminus verò eſt lapis qui ſpecie differt ab aſpiratione. </s> <s>& ſicut in latione e<lb></lb>lementi per ſe dictum eſt; ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de alteratione idem confirmare nihil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> prohibebit. </s> <s>ſat eſt illud, <lb></lb>ſi actu <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> conſiſtat: conſiſtit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quae habitus ille alteratur, ex quo factus eſt lapis. </s> <s>& hoc ſufficiet, <lb></lb>quae eadem ſit materia, ſeu proxima, ſeu remota, vt ſubiectum in qua prima conſiſtat ille motus quæ ſa<lb></lb>nè in re genita ſupereſt, & cuius beneficio quod alterabatur, poſt alteratum fuit. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> longè melius, <pb pagenum="767"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4494"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quae cum eodem actu oppoſito qui eſt rei quæ corrumpitur; adeſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poteſtas ad actum nouum, & affe<lb></lb>ctio pręuia quæ ſpecie non diſtinguitur ab actu nouo, ſed vt imperfectum à perfecto. </s> <s>Cùm igitur in il<lb></lb>la hypotheſi inducatur qualitas in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quatenus eſt poteſtas ad nouam formam, ſic efficitur, vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> quod antea gignebatur, mox exiſtit. </s> <s>Quib. ſtantib. euitatur illa migratio quam aduer<lb></lb>ſarij, vt rem abſurdiſsimam opponebant. </s> <s>nulla <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, foret ſanè, ſi ex vna materia, & vno ſubiecto tran<lb></lb>ſiret ad aliud quantitate ſecretum: nunc idem <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, ſi non ratione, re ſaltem <expan abbr="cõſeruatur">conſeruatur</expan>, & ex hoc <lb></lb>tollitur obiectio prima. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secundũ">Secundum</expan> plura capita inculcat præter id, quòd accipit migrationem, quia cale<lb></lb>factionem ponit in ſubiecto quod corrumpitur, & in ſubiecto quod poſtea genitum eſt; at in hoc nulla <lb></lb>calefactio ſed caliditas. </s> <s>accipit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> calorem in aëre gigni, & in aqua, atqui in aqua gignitur; ſed genitus <lb></lb>eſt in aëre. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> planè gignitur in aqua, ſed ibi eſt paſsio, gignitur in eo quod eſt aër in potentia, & in <lb></lb>hoc genitus eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in hoc vt paſsio, ſed vt habitus, & natura: proptereà <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hîc eſt alteratio verè, <lb></lb>ſed generatio. </s> <s>Quod opponitur tertio loco perturbare poteſt illos qui non diſtingunt finem cuius à <lb></lb>fine cui, & in hac mutatione formam ſubſtantiæ finem cuius eſſe putant. </s> <s>Sed nos alterabile, quatenus <lb></lb>tale, dicimus qualitate terminari, quod tunc eſt, cùm qualitas ſic inducta eſt, vt ex potentia ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>non erumpat, ſed ex potentia quali, & ad ſecundam ſpeciem tertij generis, quo ad eſt: ex modo autem <lb></lb>inhærendi in ſubiecto ad ſummum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad habitum deducatur, quae <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cum re genita ſit vnà qualitas, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4495"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id illi euenit ex ordine cuiuſdam naturæ ſuperioris, cui manet affixa propter natiuam ſuam conditio<lb></lb>nem qua eſt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, non intrinſecùs, vt poteſt fieri quale, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita vt qualitas ſit alternationis terminus, <lb></lb>ſed conſequens ſubſtantiam quæ genita eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tollitur ex hoc, quin calor in igni genito ſit terminus <lb></lb>eius calefactionis, quę fiebat in aqua, cùm & in ſubiecto calefactionis ſit poteſtas, quæ per ſe termine<lb></lb>tur caliditate, quę tamen ſuam eſſentiam cum ignis eſſentia conſecuta fuerit; at non eſt terminus altera<lb></lb>tionis, multò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prius finem alteratio conſecuta fuerat. </s> <s>Ad vltimum euertendum hæc omnia valent, <lb></lb>nec ſequitur inde, vt calor antecedat formæ ſubſtantiæ, quae etſi calefactionis terminus eſt, & primus; at <lb></lb>adeſt calor alterius ordinis qui ſuperuenit formæ ſubſtantiæ, & ipſam ſequitur, ordine naturæ, nec <lb></lb>quanuis ordine naturæ conſequatur; idcirco ſubſtantia terminus eſt alterationis, addo etiam qualita<lb></lb>tis, vt cuius, ſed vt cui ſolùm. </s> <s>id verò ab aduerſario probandum fuerat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4490"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4491"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4492"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4493"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4494"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4495"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Mediorum ſpeculatio proponitur; & multa de illorum natura tractantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB his eiſdem primordiis <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> media trahunt, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſpeciatim plura dici ſolent. </s> <s>Sed vt res <lb></lb>planior fiat; conducet admodum, ſi priore loco de mediorum partibus diſtinguatur quæ multæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4496"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Nam medium ex virtute diſtinguitur, vt .ſ. </s> <s>medium nuncupetur, vbi reſidet virtus; veluti cor in <lb></lb>animali; ſic tale medium foret <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> caput, ſi quando ratio dictaret ex capite & cerebro, quod approbant <lb></lb>medici, pendere functiones animalis; ac cùm in cęlo reſideat virtus quæ patet per vniuerſum <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan>; <lb></lb>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & medium ab Ariſtotele, & caput à Proclo nominatur. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> cauſſa loci, vt terra in <lb></lb>medio, & in corpore animalis vmbilicus, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione Delphi <foreign lang="grc">τῆς γῆς μεσόμφαλος</foreign> & meditullium ter<lb></lb>ræ dicti. </s> <s>Enna verò à M. Tullio vmbilicus Siciliæ nuncupata. </s> <s>Medium prætereà dicitur ex comparatio<lb></lb>ne, quando ſic ad duo ſe habeat, vt alteri comparatum cedat, alterum verò ſuperet; ſic media vox eſt <lb></lb>inter acutum & grauem, & eadem vox quæ ad alteram fuerat acuta, ad aliam poteſt eſſe grauis; & a<lb></lb>qua media inter aërem & <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, quae aëre grauior eſt, terram verò ſuperat leuitate. </s> <s>Necnon medium eſt <lb></lb>inter plus & minus, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>vel rei, vel ad nos. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> rei medium eſt, quattuor inter ſex & duo; ſiquidem ab <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4497"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> diſtet æqualiter, ob id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> medium Arithmeticè vocatur, quae in ea diſtantia conſeruetur Arithme<lb></lb>tica proportio: hoc idem eſt perpetuò, quod ad nos eſt medium, ratione habita eius ad quod refertur, <lb></lb>medium conſtituitur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inter plus eſt, ac minus ſimpliciter; ſed cauetur ne illi plus minusúe ſit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> oporteat, vt donarit C talenta magnum quid eſt viro priuato, ſed Alexandro Macedoni parum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ferdinando M.E.D. conueniet, & medij vim obtinebit. </s> <s>Hoc igitur medium, quia non eſt poſitum in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4498"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>æquali diſtantia, ſed in analogia quæ conſiſtit in eadem habitudine totius ad totum & partium ad par<lb></lb>tes quæ vocatur Geometrica, medium Geometricè dici poterit; & in hoc virtutis ratio collocatur, in <lb></lb>eo quod plus, aut minus eſt, vitium. </s> <s>Dicitur item medium per negationem, atque hoc quidem non eſt <lb></lb>formæ proprium, ſed ſubiecti; tametſi non eſt vniuſmodi: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel ſubiectum propoſitionis, in quo <lb></lb>nulla exiſtit habilitas ad extrema: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> lapis & albedo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> praua ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſtudioſa. </s> <s>Materia per ſe <lb></lb>informis eſt; veruntamen accipit viciſsim album & nigrum; & homo, qui <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> prauus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſtudioſus <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> fieri poteſt: eſt igitur medium per negationem, ſed cum habilitate aliqua ad extrema. </s> <s>Po<lb></lb>ſtremò medium eſt per participationem, quod .ſ. </s> <s>ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> contrarijs, ſiue extremis eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>; & <lb></lb>de hoc medio nob. </s> <s>hoc loco diſſerendum eſt de quo plura conſiderari ſolent. </s> <s>Primùm ſit'ne inter om<lb></lb>nia contraria medium. </s> <s>Deinde eſto quae inter omnia medium ſit, an'ne ſpecie diſtinguatur ab extremis, <lb></lb>Necnon <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> diſtinguantur, ſint'ne finita, an infinita. </s> <s>Prætereà fiat'ne mutatio ab extremo <lb></lb>ad extremum tranſeundo per vniuerſa media. </s> <s>Vltimò vtrùm extrema virtute contineantur, an actu <lb></lb>in mediis. </s> <s>De primo dubitandum fuerat propter auctoritatem Ariſt. </s> <s>qui contraria medio vacantia no<lb></lb>bis propoſuerit, vt bonam <expan abbr="malamq́">malamque</expan>. </s> <s>valetudinem & in eodem ſubiecto vicem contradicentium gere<lb></lb>re voluerit par & impar (id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſibi vult, vbi loquitur <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> .i. </s> <s>de eo de quo verè prædicatur) <expan abbr="idemq́ue">idemque</expan> alibi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4499"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſumpſerit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> contrà de quo <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> oppoſita negantur, habere medium: atqui omnia oppoſita ſimul de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4500"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliquo negari queunt; <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis in ijs apparet hoc quæ ſine controuerſia medio vacantia ponun <pb pagenum="768"></pb>tur, vt in animali rationis compos, & brutum, in numero par, & impar. </s> <s>etenim ſi rationis compos, non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4501"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt brutum, & ſi brutum, non eſt rationis compos. </s> <s>ſed eſt rationis compos & brutum: ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ratio<lb></lb>nis compos, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> brutum. </s> <s>ſimiliter ſi par, non impar, ſi impar, non par: ſed par eſt & impar: ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>par, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> impar. </s> <s>Quòd ſi illa medium poſsident de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> contraria negari poſſunt, & omnia <expan abbr="cõ-traria">con<lb></lb>traria</expan> ſimul de aliquo negare licet, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> igitur habent medium. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſolùm conſtituit Philoſophus <lb></lb>illa medium obtinere quod ſit ex <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> termini negatione, ſed reipſa medium quod nimirum parti<lb></lb>ciparet <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> naturam, ex quo reipſa, & vi ſeiungeretur ab extremis. </s> <s>ex hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> concluſit inter ſem<lb></lb>per eſſe & ſemper non eſſe medium intercedere, quod <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſemper eſſet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſemper non eſſet. </s> <s>eſſet au<lb></lb>tem caducum quod à neceſſario & impoſsibili ſegregaretur, quia nunc quidem eſſet, aliàs verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſet. </s> <s>Id ſiſtat, vt infertur ab Ariſtotele; & talis eſt eius argumenti proceſſus, aut igitur, inquam, illa pro<lb></lb>poſitio vna eſt vniuersè vera, nec ob id rectè concluditur ab Ariſtotele ex maiore particulari in prima, <lb></lb>nec <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſigillatim de re propoſita, aut ſi vniuersè vera eſt, neceſſariò ſequitur inter omnia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> oppoſi<lb></lb>ta medium conſiſtere. </s> <s>Et obiiciunt mathematici medium inter par & impar, nempe pariter impar, vel <lb></lb>impariter par, cùm illum metitur numerus in alterum ductus quorum vnus par ſit, alter verò impar, vt <lb></lb>viginti quem metiuntur quattuor & <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> Et medici opponunt neutram illam conſtitutionem quæ <lb></lb>media ſit inter ſanitatem & morbum. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò ſi de contrarijs agimus ſpeciatim, non de omni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4502"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus oppoſitis vniuersè, vt facilè negabimus, omne oppoſitorum genus habere medium; nam quod me<lb></lb>dium accipit contradictio? </s> <s>ſic illis medium liberaliter concedemus. </s> <s>etenim contraria ſunt quæ ſub eo<lb></lb>dem genere maximo interuallo diſiunguntur: at vbi hoc interuallum maximum; ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> minus eſ<lb></lb>ſe oportet vi materiæ, poteſtatis, & extentionis hoc afferente; hoc medium facimus. </s> <s>Verùm quia ſecun<lb></lb>dæ quæſtionis ſolutio nititur eiſdem fundamentis, vt breuitati conſulamus ante <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> dicatur ad <lb></lb>obiectiones; eam proximè ſubiicere conſtituimus. </s> <s>Erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, vtrum'ne ſpecie differant, an conueniant: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> Auerrois auctoritas incerto, quid enuntiarent, reddidit inſignes philoſophos: ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> defende<lb></lb>bat medium ab extremo non ſpecie, ſed eo quod plus & minus eſt, diſcrepare, neque voluiſſe videtur <lb></lb>mixtum aliter ad ſimplicia ſe habere, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cuius rei reſtem afferre licebat Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui docens, vt inter al<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4503"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4504"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terum extremum, & medium fiat mutatio, prædicabat in medium, & ex medio, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in contrarium, & <lb></lb>ex contrario fieri mutationem. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi medium ab extremis ſpecie differret, ab vno extremo ad al<lb></lb>terum motus vnus, & continuus fieri non poſſet: ſiquidem vnus motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem continuus fie<lb></lb>ri vult per media quæ ſpecie non diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Ex alia parte nob. </s> <s>id non neceſſarium videtur; quia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>medium ſimile ſit <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> contrario, non magis erit mutatio inter album & viride, inter album & <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inter album, & album, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item album & nigrum: nam, quia cum medio conueniunt; ergo inter ſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eadem erunt. </s> <s>Quapropter ego non ita generatim enunciari poſſe <expan abbr="cẽſeo">cenſeo</expan>, verùm hîc prætereà de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4505"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>medio diſtinguendum puto: vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> medium eſt ex forma, vel ex materia, illud ex forma voco quod p <lb></lb>ſe manet, nec in alteram perfectiorem formam ſuapte natura contendit habens actum ſuum ipſius pro<lb></lb>prium, beneficio cuius in rerum vniuerſitate conſiſtit: contrà ſe habet medium quod à conditionib. <lb></lb></s> <s>materiæ ſumptum eſt; imperfectum eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> terminat motum ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſed ad formam perfe<lb></lb>ctiorem prætereà dirigitur, vt in ſubſtantia ſemen eſt, & fœtus: pari ratione reperitur hoc in quanto, & <lb></lb>omnib. aliis niſi quae in ſubſtantia ſpecie diſtinctum eſt, in aliis ſole: conſequi nomen termini ad quem; <lb></lb>cauſſa antè expoſita. </s> <s>Aimus igitur, vbi talia ſint contraria quæ inter ſe commutari poſsint, ea verò nos <lb></lb>antea vocauimus <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; in iis eſſe neceſſario medium, ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> medium ſit duplex, vel <expan abbr="ſecun-dũ">ſecun<lb></lb>dum</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vel ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, non neceſſariò fatemur inter omnia medium eſſe <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> formam; <lb></lb>ſed planè <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> materiam: contrariis ſecundùm formam quæ inter ſe non mutantur, non repugna<lb></lb>re medium profitemur, licèt illud ſit ſecundùm formam, non <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> materiam. </s> <s>hoc illud eſt, quod ap<lb></lb>pellamus inter, ad quod natura prius procedit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> perueniat ad extremum, & ex hoc in omni <expan abbr="trãſitu">tranſitu</expan> ex <lb></lb>contrario in contrarium motus exiſtit, ſucceſsio & tempus, & de mediis quæ ſunt ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb>inter contraria, quæ ſunt eodem modo <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> verè affirmari dicimus ea exiſtere neceſſariò. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed quid de oppoſitione ſanitatis & ęgritudinis, paris & imparis aſſeuerandum ſit, enucleatius adhuc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4506"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oſtendendum eſt. </s> <s>Solet ita dici illa eſſe oppoſita, vt ad aliquid <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> non neceſſariò tribuitur medium, <lb></lb>ſiquidem ſanitas ſit æqualitas <expan abbr="humorũ">humorum</expan>, ægritudo verò inæqualitas, æquale <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & inæquale ſint ex iis, <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ad aliud. </s> <s>Hoc, <expan abbr="inq̃">inquam</expan>, dici ſolet; verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mihi arridet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> minuit difficultatem, quandò fal<lb></lb>sò ponantur opponi, vt relatiuę æquale & inæquale, ſanitas & ægritudo. </s> <s>illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt relatiua opponun<lb></lb>tur, ad quæ vt conuertentia dicuntur; at æquale & inæquale, ſanitas & ægritudo non ſunt huiuſmodi. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> auctore Ariſtotele opponuntur vt habitus & priuatio, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> æquale ſanè ad æquale refertur, & ſimi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4507"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>le ad ſimile, & æqualitas in humoribus qui inter ſe referuntur, vt in fundamento conſiſtit. </s> <s>quae ſi ſanitas <lb></lb>eſt terminus ęqualitatis huiuſce, refertur & ipſa ad humores, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> eſt terminus, nihilominus eſt per <lb></lb>ſe forma & diſpoſitio, vel habitus, quia non ſolùm in relatione quorundam, ſed in certa eorum altera<lb></lb>tione conſiſtit. </s> <s>Conſiderentur igitur vt formæ; fateor eas medio vacare quod eſt ſecundùm formam: <lb></lb>nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt inter ſanitatem & ægritudinem medium quo natura vigens & valens terminet ſuos progreſ<lb></lb>ſus: tamen inter illas eſt medium tranſitus & materiæ. </s> <s>quapropter ex ſanitate in ægritudinem, & con<lb></lb>trà ex ęgritudine in ſanitatem per alterationem, & tempore quodam proficiſcimur. </s> <s>Tamen medium nos <lb></lb>ſanitati damus & ęgritudini. </s> <s>id quod eſt ſecundùm formam, negauerat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Neque neutra illa <lb></lb>conſtitutio medium eſt, quippe quae ſanitas & ægritudo ſint habitus, & iudicentur ex actu, quae perfectę fun<lb></lb>ctiones edantur, aut non, ac ſi minus, habeatur protinus ægritudo, ſiquidem ſit è veſtigio ſanitas. <pb pagenum="769"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4508"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illud animaduertendum eſſe duo rerum genera ſalubre & inſalubre, quæ ſunt potentiæ, vel impo<lb></lb>tentiæ de ſecunda ſpecie qualitatis, ſanum & ægrum, quæ ſunt ex ordine diſpoſitionis & habitus, inter <lb></lb>hęc medium non eſt ſecundùm formam; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pertinet ad ipſa neutra conſtitutio, ſed eſt medium ſalu<lb></lb>bris & inſalubris, & pertinet ad potentiam & impotentiam; quare eſt ex alio genere. </s> <s>sed enim media <lb></lb>generis eiuſdem eſſe volunt. </s> <s>Nec pariter impar, aut impariter par media ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſècundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed differentiæ paris & imparis omnis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> numerus par, vel eſt pariter par, vel impariter par, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> <lb></lb>impariter par, vel impariter impar ſunt ille quidem par; hic verò impar. </s> <s>at extrema non prædicantur <lb></lb>ſanè de mediis, ſed planè, <expan abbr="veroq́">veroque</expan>. </s> <s>negantur. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ea de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> extrema <expan abbr="negãtur">negantur</expan>, media ſint, <lb></lb>id non neceſſe eſt: ſequitur profectò, vt ſi media ſint, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> extrema de illis negari oporteat, at non id<lb></lb>circo, ſi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> extrema de quopiam negentur, illud continuò medium ſit: & (vt ibi nos admonet Sim<lb></lb>plicius) vim habet peculiarem in iis terminis quos aſſumpſerat Ariſt. </s> <s>quib. (vt aiunt dialectici) cauſſa <lb></lb>materiæ contingit, vt quod eſſet medium per negationem, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> medium foret per participatio<lb></lb>nem. </s> <s>Cęterùm quia materiam in ſyllogiſmo ſpectare minuit auctoritatem ſyllogiſmi, & imminet pe<lb></lb>riculum, ne principij petitio committatur, niſi fortè ad aliud conſimile ſubiectum pertineat <expan abbr="prędica-tũ">prędica<lb></lb>tum</expan>, & ſi in propoſito ſumitur, ne ignotum ſtatuatur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> libet hoc loco ſpectare, quid de propoſitionis il<lb></lb>lius veritate iudicandum ſit. </s> <s>Equidem cenſeo, tu videris, Ariſtotelis effatum cum his conditionib. eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4509"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concedendum, vbi extrema de tertio non ex toto, ſed ex parte negentur: nam ſic pars alterutrius ter<lb></lb>tio relinquitur, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, vbi negatio vnius extremi cum altero non conuertatur: vbi hęc adſint, ei firma<lb></lb>mento <expan abbr="fidendũ">fidendum</expan> non eſſe puto. </s> <s>En tibi par & impar: <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> valent <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> non impar. </s> <s>Cùm igitur vnius poſi<lb></lb>tio ſit alterius negatio ſimpliciter, efficitur, vt inter hæc medium non ſit. </s> <s>Eodem modo tollenda fue<lb></lb>rat illa obiectio, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua probari videbatur non eſſe de contingente ad vtrunlibet; determinatè verùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4510"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>affirmare, vel negare quippe quae ſi affirmatio vera non eſt, non licebit verè enunciare rem eſſe, ſed non <lb></lb>eſſe, ſimiliter ſi negatio non vera, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item verò aſſeretur non eſſe rem. </s> <s>quamobrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> erit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>erit res, & illa conſequentur contradicentes ſimul eſſe falſas; & contingens tantum abeſſe, vt ſit, & non <lb></lb>ſit; vt potius <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non ſit, contra communem hominum ſenſum. </s> <s>Nam cum eſſe & non eſſe ſint <lb></lb>oppoſita medio vacantia, vnius negatio alterum infert ex oppoſitis neceſſariò: ſic non eſſe eſt negatio, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non eſſe eſt idem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> affirmatio: & non erit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non erit idem valebunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> erit & non erit; ita<lb></lb>que <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contingenti conueniet. </s> <s>Specta rurſus ſemper eſſe & ſemper non eſſe & his oppoſita, vt negan<lb></lb>tia. </s> <s>profectò cùm conſtent hæc è duab. partib. ſuppoſito & appoſito, & <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> poſsit accommodari ne<lb></lb>gatio; contradicentia non adæquant oppoſita; & quia ſunt de <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan>, hunc ſic tollas; adhuc remanere po<lb></lb>teſt ſuppoſitum, ex quo efficitur <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim ſemper eſſe & non ſemper non eſſe, non reciprocantur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4511"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non ſemper eſſe & ſemper non eſſe; & à caduco tollitur ſemper eſſe & non eſſe, quod eſt modus; <lb></lb>remanet eſſe & non eſſe, quod eſt ſuppoſitum. </s> <s>Vbi ergo ſic ſe habeant oppoſita vt negatio vnius cum <lb></lb>alterius affirmatione non reciprocetur, medium forma, & re poſſunt habere. </s> <s>Cùm his <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> conditioni<lb></lb>bus ſuccedit, vt ad terminos ab Ariſtotele aſſumptos aptetur ea propoſitio quæ non valet ſimpliciter. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic igitur inter contraria medium ponimus, & generatim, ſi inter ea mutatio fiat: Sed quod pertinet <lb></lb>ad quæſtionem poſteriorem, ſtatuo media ſecundùm formam ſpecie ſeparari ab extremis, & totidem <lb></lb>ſpecies inter extrema numerari, quot ſunt eiuſmodi media: ſic alia ſpecies eſt viridis, alia fuſci. </s> <s>Verum <lb></lb>ſi medium fuerit, vt materia, hoc item dupliciter ſpectari poſſe reor, vel quatenus intuetur terminum <lb></lb>ad quem, vel vt reſpicit terminum à quo, ac ſi cum termino à quo conferatur, puto ipſum ſpecie differ<lb></lb>re ab extremo, ſicut album à nigro, dum corpus exalbeſcit, quoniam de eo quod eſt inter, accedit, de <lb></lb>termino à quo deperit, & cùm id contrahatur quod eſt pars termini ad quem, exiſtimo medium à ter<lb></lb>mino ad quem, non ſanè ſpecie ſeparari, ſed vt imperfectum à perfecto, quæ quidem ſeparatio non at<lb></lb>tingit eſſentiam, ſed pertinet ad modum quo res ipſa eſt. </s> <s>In hunc igitur ſenſum puto poſſe defendi ſen<lb></lb>tentiam illam quam profitetur Auerroës, cuius dictis, quod in nob. </s> <s>erit, <expan abbr="lucẽ">lucem</expan> ſemper adhibere, quæ phi<lb></lb>loſophi auctoritas eſt, non grauabimur. </s> <s>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolum Peripatetici ſtudent, vt veritatem omni neceſsitu<lb></lb>dini anteponant: & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> magna præceptorib. habenda eſt gratia, poſt vnam tamen & ipſi veritatem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4512"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habeantur. </s> <s>Et illud <expan abbr="carmẽ">carmen</expan> in ore ſit perpetuò nob. </s> <s>quod in Cadmi nuptiis Muſæ cecinere. <foreign lang="grc">Ὁττι καλὸν <lb></lb>φίλόν ἐστὶ, τὸ δ̓ οὐ καλὸν οὐ φίλόν ἐστὶ</foreign>. </s> <s>Quod autem pertinet ad argumenta oppoſita. </s> <s>Cùm dicitur ex me<lb></lb>dio, & in medium, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex contrario, & in contrarium fieri mutationem: fateor equidem hæc enuntia<lb></lb>ri de medio quod eſt forma: tamen ita dici, non quia reapſe extremum ſeſe prodat, & actum ſuum in<lb></lb>tegrum <expan abbr="ſaluumq́">ſaluumque</expan>. </s> <s>retineat, ſed quae eius virtus in medio conſeruetur, & quae aliquomodo vt idem, non om<lb></lb>nino: & hoc ſufficit Ariſtoteli ad id confirmandum cui ſtudebat in eo loco; nimirùm, vt perſuaderet <lb></lb>contraria principia generationis eſſe, quae omnis mutatio vel fieret ex contrariis, vel in contraria reſolue<lb></lb>retur. </s> <s>Cùm verò poſt opponitur, non poſſe motum ab vno extremo ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> eſſe continuum; ſi me<lb></lb>dium ſpecie ſeparetur; id planè <expan abbr="concedã">concedam</expan>, ſi medium fuerit, vt forma, veruntamen ſi fuerit vt materia, ni<lb></lb>hil obſtare continuationi motus, immo ſi futurus ſit motus, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dico neceſſe eſſe, vt plura huiuſmodi in<lb></lb>tercedant: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem continuata, vt patet, ex definitiore talis medij. 5. Phyſ. aliter eſſet mutatio, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubitoq́">ſubitoque</expan>. </s> <s>fieret, cum fiat in tempore alteratio, & manifeſtò ſit motus. </s> <s>Et obiectio noſtra vim habebat, <lb></lb>vbi medium prorſus idem <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> extremo poneretur. </s> <s>Videamus nunc vtrum hæc media finita ſint, an in<lb></lb>finita. </s> <s>vbi rurſus ad mediorum differentias confugiendum puto: ſiquidem ſi fuerint media materiæ, <lb></lb>illa infinita eſſe negare neſcio. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiæ pars, vnde exoritur infinitas, ſunt partes motus qui pro<lb></lb>pter ſuam continuitatem ſecatur in parteis quę in alias infinitè ſecari valent, ſi verò fuerint media for <pb pagenum="770"></pb>mę hęc contra finita eſſe ſtatuo; res quidem ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> confirmata <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan>, & ita ſenſui patens, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4513"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4514"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab euidentib. <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> demonſtrata fuerit à Lucretio. </s> <s>Nam cùm ea fuiſſet Democriti, & Epicuri opinio, vt in<lb></lb>finitæ atomi per inane volitarent, & quæ non natura ſecum differrent, ſed ordine, poſitura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> figura, <lb></lb>rerum tamen quæ fiebant ex atomis, figuras finitas eſſe voluerunt. </s> <s>nunc <expan abbr="eædẽ">eædem</expan> rationes valent ad <expan abbr="oſten-dendũ">oſten<lb></lb>dendum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> formas quæ inter contrarias intercedunt, eſſe finitas; quas <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ille poeta more conſueto ſuauiſ<lb></lb>ſimè expreſſerit, eas hîc ſubſcribere ad verbum conſtitui: mitto rationem illam quæ atomorum eſt pro<lb></lb>pria: nempe, ſi variarentur in infinitum figurę, fore item, vt corpora infinito ſint auctu, & <expan abbr="quorundã">quorundam</expan> <lb></lb>maximitas immanis futura ſit: quandò ſine adiectione corporum figura non immutatur: idcirco ſi in <lb></lb>infinitum figuræ variabuntur; & in infinitum atomorum adiectio fiat oportebit: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſi putant, <lb></lb>vt Ariſt. </s> <s>vnius formæ productione alteram corrumpi; & ſuperſtitem eſſe materiem quæ viciſsim ca<lb></lb>piat omnes formas eadem permanens; ſed ſuam <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> atomi figuram certam eſſe volunt quæ <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> <lb></lb>mutetur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> atomorum adiectione <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> immutari defendant neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Hac igitur ratione miſ<lb></lb>ſa cęteras adſcribam quæ cum Peripateticis item concordant, ſunt verò huiuſmodi.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4496"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4497"></margin.target>a 2. Eth. c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4498"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4499"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4500"></margin.target>c 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4501"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4502"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4503"></margin.target>a 1. de cę.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4504"></margin.target>b 10. Met. T. 23.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4505"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4506"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4507"></margin.target>c 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4508"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4509"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4510"></margin.target>a Lib. <foreign lang="grc">π<gap></gap><lb></lb>ρὶ ἐρμ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4511"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4512"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4513"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſenſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4514"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iam tibi Barbaricæ vestes, <expan abbr="Melibœaq́">Melibœaque</expan>. </s> <s>fulgens</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Purpura Theſſalico concharum tincta colore; &</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aurea pauonum ridenti imbuta lepore</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sæcla, nouo rerum ſuperata colore iacerent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4515"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4515"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et contemptus odor myrrhæ, <expan abbr="mellisq.">mellisque</expan> ſapores<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et cycnea mele, <expan abbr="Phoebeaq.">Phoebeaque</expan> dædala chordis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Carmina conſimili ratione oppreſſa ſilerent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Namq.">Namque</expan> alijs aliud pręſtantius exoreretur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cedere item retrò poſſent in deteriores</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Omnia ſic partes, vt diximus, in meliores<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> alijs aliud retrò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tætrius eſſet</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Narib. auribus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oculis, <expan abbr="orisq́">orisque</expan>. </s> <s>ſapori<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ quoniam non ſunt in reb. reddita, certa &</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Finis <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> tenet ſummam; fateare neceſſe est</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Materiem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> finitis differre figuris<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Deniq.">Denique</expan> ab ignib. ad gelidas <expan abbr="hiemisq́">hiemisque</expan>. </s> <s>pruinas<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Finitu'ſt, <expan abbr="retroq́">retroque</expan>. </s> <s>pari ratione remenſu'st<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Finit enim calor ac frigus, <expan abbr="medijq.">medijque</expan> tepores</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Inter <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> iacent, explentes ordine ſummam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4516"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4516"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo finita diſtant ratione creata<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ancipiti quoniam mucronem <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> notantur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Hinc flammis, illinc rigidis inſeſſa pruinis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>At verò ſi illa infinita, quæ ſunt materiæ; fortè vereberis, ne per omnia fiat tranſitus, propterea quòd <lb></lb>infinitum permetui nequeamus: aut ſi vniuerſum motum natura abſoluit; ne ſint infinita. </s> <s>Cęterùm <lb></lb>nos idem iudicium de hac re faciemus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Ariſtoteles de punctis in ſpatio contra Zenonem: dicebat <lb></lb>autem ea vel actu, vel poteſtate ſumi: ac ſi poteſtate fuerint, infinita quidem eſſe, ſed tamen, quia pote<lb></lb>ſtate forent; tranſiri poſſe. </s> <s>at vbi ſint actus, eadem eſſe finita; quapropter illis nihil obſtare, quominus <lb></lb>tempore finito <expan abbr="abſoluãtur">abſoluantur</expan>, ſic nos de noſtris mediis aſſeuerabimus: etenim aut poteſtate ſunt, aut actu; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poteſtate quidem ſi accipias; infinita ſunt ſanè, ſed tamen tranſiri queunt: quae ſi actu extiterint, ea <lb></lb>ſunt finita neceſſariò, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & tranſiri poſſunt; & neceſſariò tranſeunda ſunt, ſi perueniendum ſit ad <lb></lb>finem motus. </s> <s>Sed ſiue ſint media materiæ, ſeu formæ, minus diſtant ab extremis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> extrema ipſa inter <lb></lb>ſe: proinde minus contraria, cæteroqui contrariorum definitio periret.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sint'ne media magis oppoſita, quàm extrema, & quæ'nam ſit eorum constitutio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Caput XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4517"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4517"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED nos ab hac ſententia reuocat auctoritas Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui teſtatur apertiſsimè medium magis aduer<arrow.to.target n="marg4518"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſari extremis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſa ſibi, & rem exemplis illuſtrat, <expan abbr="ſuiq́">ſuique</expan>. </s> <s>dicti cauſſas affert: diſtat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit fortitu<lb></lb>do magis ab audacia & timore, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à timore audacia. </s> <s>Et profectò magis illa diſtant, quæ <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="conſiſtũt">conſiſtunt</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quæ vnà conſtant. </s> <s>Sed fortitudo <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> cum audacia, timoréue conſiſtit, audacia cum timore con<lb></lb>ſtat, vnde nomen impoſitum vitio timidaudacia. </s> <s>Magis igitur opponitur extremis medium, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ipſa ſi<lb></lb>bi. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quae contraria maximè diſtant. </s> <s>Extrema non maximè diſtant: nec contraria igitur: etenim <lb></lb>ſi cum medio conferantur, plus ab illo, minusúe diſcedunt: ergo & plus. </s> <s>minusúe à ſeipſis: atqui con<lb></lb>trariorum diſtantia terminata ſit oportet, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>maxima: nam cauſſæ ob quas extrema à medio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſemper eodem ſpatio diſiunguntur, multæ ſunt, & raritas, vt eorum qui voluptatum venerearum ſen<lb></lb>ſum non habent, qualem fuiſſe ferunt Xenocratem, & frequentia, quae ad aliquam actionem nimium pro<lb></lb>penſui ſimus, & ſimilitudo vitij cum virtute, vt audacię cum confidentia; ſic enim minus diſtare vide<lb></lb>tur extremum à medio, maximè verò illud in quod frequentiſsimè labitur. </s> <s>Sed in virtute & vitiis duo <lb></lb>ſpectare licèt materiam quæ ſunt actionum ſubiecta, & eorum formam, in actionum ſubiectis plus & <lb></lb>minus ineſt. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> minus variant actionis formam, quandò plus, & minus, & mediocri <pb pagenum="771"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4519"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ter eſſe queunt ex virtúte: hoc variat quae id <expan abbr="quantuncunq.">quantuncunque</expan> ſit, rectè ſe habeat, aut non, & hoc eſt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>illud quod virtus ipſa coniectat, ita vt medium hîc non ſit, vt in aliis reb. ex extremis nimirùm refra<lb></lb>ctis, aut ęquè <expan abbr="diſtãtib">diſtantib</expan>. </s> <s>ab extremis, ſed per analogiam, quemadmodum ſupra dictum eſt. </s> <s>Sic igitur vir<lb></lb>tus actu plus & minus accipit, ſed ex hoc non informatur, informatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex eo, quae plus & minus acci<lb></lb>piat rectè, quantum .ſ. </s> <s>conuenit: quicquid tranſilit hos fines, id vitioſum eſt. </s> <s>Si igitur actionum <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>reſpexeris, eſt prorſus virtus contraria vitiis, & vt rectum non recto opponitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeo vt ipſa in <lb></lb>hoc genere extremum ſit, quae nihil melius, vitia cùm mala ſint, & ſint pręter illam mediocritatem, fieri <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>poterit, vt conſiſtant: ſic enim contraria non ſunt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim plus & minus eſt in contrariis ſimpli<lb></lb>citer. </s> <s>veruntamen ſi diſceſſum conſideres ab eo medio qui iam vitioſus eſt, vnde vitij ratio deriuatur, <lb></lb>non dubium eſt, quin plus diſtet exuperatio ab imminutione, & vitium à vitio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vitium à virtute. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cõ-ſiderabat">Con<lb></lb>ſiderabat</expan> igitur ibi Ariſtoteles virtutem ex forma, non ex actionum ſubiectis, & virtutem cum vitiis in <lb></lb>genere conferebat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> teſtatus eſt medium magis eſſe contrarium extremis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> extrema ſibi ipſis, ſed <lb></lb>ſpeciatim vitia conſiderata magis diſtant à ſeipſis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à medio. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſicut in corporis morbis pro<lb></lb>pulſandis (contrario verò propulſantur) quo maior eſt eorum vis, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> acriorib. remedijs vten<lb></lb>dum eſt; ſic & animi morbi, non virtutib. & medijs, ſed excremorum oppoſitione pelluntur; & in iis <lb></lb>corrigendis eodem planè modo contingit, àc ſi lignum dirigere placeat: ipſum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> valde in oppoſitam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4520"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>partem flectimus, vt medium quod rectum eſt aſſequatur. </s> <s>Idcirco Terentius artificioſiſsimè Demeam <lb></lb>correcturus ex auaro non liberale, ſed profuſum fingit, ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum agere oportebat, vt in bonum ſta<lb></lb>tum <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> deduceretur. </s> <s>ex hoc ortum ſępiſsime, vt dum vitia fugiuntur, in contraria curratur. </s> <s>Re<lb></lb>ſtat illud vltimum explicandum, quemadmodum media componantur ex extremis. </s> <s>Hoc quidem cir<lb></lb>cunferri ſolitum, & quod in rem iam iudicatam abiiſſe videatur, ex extremis media non materialiter <lb></lb>exiſtere, ſed ex eorum virtutib. ſiquidem exemplo colorum commoti, qui non ex extremis albo & ru<lb></lb>bro componuntur, ſed ex eorum principiis lucido & opaco, ſic aliorum generum mediis euenire opi<lb></lb>nantur. </s> <s>Equidem vt ita mihi placet eſſe illud compoſitionis genus quod ex extremorum principiis <expan abbr="cõ-ſtat">con<lb></lb>ſtat</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ad omne mediorum genus arbitror attinere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in eiſdem colorib. huiuſmodi eſſe per<lb></lb>petuò profiteor. </s> <s>Rem ego longius à capite arceſſendam puto. </s> <s>Sit igitur prima compoſitio quæ latè pa<lb></lb>tet, rei .ſ. </s> <s>& rationis, tametſi quas ipſe mihi ſumpſeram partes, eas oratio doctiſsimi Perrerij quondam <lb></lb>præoccupauerat, ſed mihi neceſsitátem attulit paullò plura dicendi ſententia eius. </s> <s>hanc ipſe compoſi<lb></lb>tionem vocauit phyſicam & metaphyſicam. </s> <s>Audi nunc eam eſſe metaphyſicam in qua ratio ſupponi<lb></lb>tur actus, ſicut habitus in priuatione. </s> <s>Cęterùm extrema <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> contraria, licèt inter ſe ſic habeant, vt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>vim obtineat habitus, alterum priuationis, at ad ipſa media rationem ſuſtinent actus: etenim viride ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4521"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>album eſt nigrum, ad nigrum verò album: & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> primo adſpectu apparet medium ad contrarium <lb></lb>perfectius rationem priuationis obtinere, ad imperfectius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> habitus: at ſi ſpectemus naturæ <expan abbr="proceſsũ">proceſsum</expan>, <lb></lb>quatenus altero extremo terminatur, ad id quod eiuſmodi non eſt ſimpliciter, ita ſe habet vt habitus, <lb></lb>& forma; neque aliter àc vltimum non eſſe in interitu ad ea quæ vltima non ſunt, & perfecta priuatio <lb></lb>ad imperfectam, quæ ſanè in natura ſimpliciter eſt res imperfectiſsima; nihilominus in ordine ſuo per<lb></lb>fectiſsima, & prima ratione, quoad in imperfecta priuatione ratio perfectæ continetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ad contra<lb></lb>rium perfectum ſimpliciter alia ſe habent <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> priuationes, ad imperfectum velut habitus, ad vtraque <lb></lb>vt prima ratione & in ſuo ordine abſoluta, ſicuti priuationes ad habitus: primam illam habitudinem <lb></lb>cæterorum vt priuationis ad perfectum exemplo illo nob. </s> <s>illuſtrauit Ariſtoteles, ſiquis in corpus folis <lb></lb>aciem intendat, ei primùm lux apparebit, mox gradatim reliqui colores eo ordine quo <expan abbr="diſtãt">diſtant</expan> à lucido <lb></lb>& albo, ad extremum videbitur nigrum. </s> <s>Altera habitudo manifeſta eſt in mediis quæ ſecundùm ma<lb></lb>teriam dicimus, quæ partim <expan abbr="conſtãt">conſtant</expan> ex termino ad quem qui eſt forma, partim ex termino à quo qui <lb></lb>eſt priuatio, quo quo natura progrediatur vel ad album, vel ad nigrum. </s> <s>in mediis ſecundùm formam <lb></lb>poteſt fieri planum, quia contraria tantùm perfecta quæ eſt maxima diſtantia, finiuntur; <expan abbr="mediorũ">mediorum</expan> nec <lb></lb>extrema diſtantia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> perfecta eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc compoſitio tolérat ſpeciei ſimplicitatem. </s> <s>Ita igitur de <lb></lb>mediorum compoſitione, quæ metaphyſica nuncupatur, conſtituimus. </s> <s>Sed veniamus ad phyſicam, ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4522"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt compoſitio ſicut ex materia, quae duo diuerſa reapſe ad vnius medij productionem <expan abbr="cõcurrunt">concurrunt</expan>: illam <lb></lb>ex <expan abbr="extremorũ">extremorum</expan> principiis exiſtere te admonui, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illius teſtes adhibere opportunum; & ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>de <expan abbr="colorũ">colorum</expan> principiis aſſeueratum. </s> <s>Illud ego te docebo nunc, non omnia media ex extremorum princi<lb></lb>piis eſſe compoſita, ſed aliud mediorum genus in natura reperiri. </s> <s>Hoc vt optimè percipias, ante acci<lb></lb>pias oportet, actus oppoſitorum duplices eſſe in materia, quoſdam qui <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ab ea materia diuellun<lb></lb>tur, in qua ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> agunt, niſi in contiguum, hoc eſt, vbi ſunt cum ſua materia, veluti <expan abbr="ſiccũ">ſiccum</expan> non agit <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, niſi cum ipſa miſceatur, alij ſine materia <expan abbr="cõmunicantur">communicantur</expan>, vt ignis, dum nos eminus calefacit. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>lux quæ ſine materia poteſt illuminare perſpicuum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> horum eſt ſpecies, vel imago quædam. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>multiplex ergo ſit actus. </s> <s>aimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex illis media componi varijs modis, vel eorum participantia mate<lb></lb>riam, vel illorum ſpecies ſolùm. </s> <s>& quoniam lucis eſt potiſsimè ſpeciem à ſeipſa fundere quod eſt <lb></lb>lumen; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> talis coḿpoſitio frequentiſsima & maximè. </s> <s>propria eſt illorum quæ conſtant ex luce. </s> <s>Sed & <lb></lb>materialiter componuntur medij colores, & ex actib. extremorum. </s> <s>Proinde <expan abbr="colorũ">colorum</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> triplex <lb></lb>ex extremorum principiis, ex extremis ipſis, & ex eorum imaginib. <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi velis in vltimas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> par<lb></lb>tes diducere, addes <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex extremis in actu compoſitionem bipertitò ſe habere; ſiquidem fiant, vel per <lb></lb>ſuperpoſitionem, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per mixtionem in minimas particulas extremis diſſectis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi imagines <expan abbr="cõ-fundantur">con<lb></lb>fundantur</expan>; id fiet quae vel per anachaſin & reflexionem, vel per diaclaſin & perfractionem, vel more .ſ. <pb pagenum="772"></pb>ſpeculi repercutientis lumen, vel more <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ σφέκλου</foreign>, & ſpecilli tranſmittentis. </s> <s>De imaginum confuſione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4523"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te dubitare non patiuntur ea quæ in iride apparent & virgis, quæ itidem in collo columbæ multis mo<lb></lb>dis coniugata, necnon in coronarum fabrica ſpectantur & opera textorum, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſpeciatim memi<lb></lb>nit Ariſt. </s> <s>in Meteoris; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed accuratiſsimus præceptor de mediis illis meminit tantum quæ ex refle<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4524"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>xione naſcuntur. </s> <s>at de illis alteris quæ fiunt ex perfractione, etiam mentionem optici fecere, quemad<lb></lb>modum Vitellio, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dum de aërearum impreſsionum conſtitutione diſſereret 1. autem Meteor. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> docuit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4525"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4526"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Philoſophus de colorum compoſitione, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> igneum per atrum perſpicitur & apparet <expan abbr="puniceũ">puniceum</expan>; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſcripſit de mixtura <expan abbr="colorũ">colorum</expan> quæ fit à pictorib. in qua cum extrema ſumantur, ſed ad minimas partes de<lb></lb>ducta, ſenſum mouere non poſſunt, nec mixtum corpus exiſtat ſine colore, iam purum non poteſt ap<lb></lb>parere; relinquitur ergo, vt appareat medium. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quod igitur ars præſtat ſola diuiſione, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliis inge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4527"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niis, aliisúe machinis, cur non & natura, quæ ſubtilius diuidit, efficere poterit, & in colore præſertim; <lb></lb>cuius magiſtra melior eſt natura, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ars, quandò multi ſunt colores, quos artifices imitari nequeunt? <lb></lb></s> <s>quod item contingit in colorib. cur item in ſaporib. & odorib. euenire non poterit? </s> <s>Nam quae actu ſint <lb></lb>extrema in mediis vbique, quod ita nonnulli approbant. </s> <s>Cùm media, ſi cum extremis conferantur, ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſint magis, ad alterum minus, & ei quod magis & minus eſt, eſſe ſupponatur, quae idcircò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ex illis <lb></lb>actu <expan abbr="cõponantur">componantur</expan> refractis ſanè, ſed adhuc ſuam naturam conſeruantibus. </s> <s>non placet. </s> <s>Et facilè eſt iridis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4528"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>experientia tollere hoc placitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> me valde mouet ea ratio, quippe quae non credam id neceſſariò ſe<lb></lb>qui. </s> <s>Ei quod magis eſt & minus, ſupponi eſſe. </s> <s>Ergo aliquid actu ſubeſſe. </s> <s>Nam dicam ſatis eſſe ei quod <lb></lb>magis & minus eſt, ſi ſupponatur eſſe ſimpliciter, vel actu, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> virtute, ideſt illius principia: nam cę<lb></lb>teroqui virtute, ideſt, actu primo ſuperſunt ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quæ actu remanere profitemur, ſilet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus eo<lb></lb>rum, & in aliquid aliud quodammodo degenerat, dum remittitur. </s> <s>Nec. </s> <s>illud prętermittere libet, quòd <lb></lb>in mixtura medij actus & ex eo conſtare poſſunt quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, & ex eo altero, quòd <lb></lb>ineſt per paſsionem. </s> <s>Verùm quae hoc eſſentiam medij non immutat, tantum hîc inſiſtamus, quantum rei <lb></lb>natura flagitat. </s> <s>His expoſitis ad intentionem redeamus, & cùm viderimus quemadmodum contraria, <lb></lb>media cohærent, ſuper his veluti fundamentis extruamus ſolutiones argumentorum quæ contrà alla<lb></lb>ta ſunt, & reliqua decernamus quæ ſequuntur ex illis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4518"></margin.target>b 3. ad Eud. c. vl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4519"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4520"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4521"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4522"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4523"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4524"></margin.target>a 3. Met. <lb></lb>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4525"></margin.target>b Lib. 10 <lb></lb>Optices.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4526"></margin.target>c C. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4527"></margin.target>d Lib. de <lb></lb>ſen. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4528"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad ea quę contra cauſſas intentionis & remiſſionis obiecta ſunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MAGNAE quidem plagæ, ſed quæ noſtris artificiis declinari, atque repelli poſsint. </s> <s>Ea prima. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si contraria ſimul permanerent; <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contradicentia conſtarent. </s> <s>Scire <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> licet, tametſi vniuerſę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4529"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oppoſitiones ad <expan abbr="contradictionẽ">contradictionem</expan> referuntur; nihilominus non eſſe oppoſitiones medio vacantes, veluti <lb></lb>contradictio, ſed faciem contradictionis habere ſolum, quae <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> alterius negatio ſit. </s> <s>Deinde cum ſubeunt <lb></lb>contradictionis non ſimpliciter ſumpta, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ſingula <expan abbr="cõponuntur">componuntur</expan>, quatenus ſunt in actu perfecto, neque <lb></lb>enim neceſſe eſt, vt ſi de <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> negetur alterum, quae illi <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> de ipſo verè <expan abbr="affirmet̃">affirmetur</expan>, quod in contra<lb></lb>dicentibus eueniat neceſſe eſt, ſed quatenus mutantur, & in iis <expan abbr="habet̃">habetur</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> terminorum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alterum <lb></lb>ex illis ſit oportet, quouſque mutatio fuerit abſoluta; perfecta verò mutatione illud amplius non eſt; <lb></lb>hoc iam exiſtit. </s> <s>Proptereà negamus fore ſimul <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> & nigrum; ſimul album & non album. </s> <s>erit enim <lb></lb>album donec mutatio <expan abbr="cõſumetur">conſumetur</expan>, vbi illa fuerit ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> perducta, non erit <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>, ſed nigrum. </s> <s>Credas ea <lb></lb>fortaſſe non pugnare, quae remiſſa <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> videantur: nihil profecto minus: etenim hoc eſt eſſe contra<lb></lb>ria, quòd in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto inter ſe confligant, & <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> actus alterum imprimit, <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> de alterius actu <lb></lb><expan abbr="repellat̃">repellatur</expan>, & illud præſtat <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> natura, vt ſe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maximè tueatur, & in optimo ſtatu cupiat eſſe; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ab actus <lb></lb>opprimentis ſeruitute ſe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> primum liberare conatur; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> in hoc officio ſæpiſsimè <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> aliqua mo<lb></lb>ra propter ambiens quod nunc huius elementi, aliàs illius hebetat, vel acuit vires, & <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> fatali viciſ<lb></lb>ſitudine modò huius, mox alterius operas adiuuat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> impedit. </s> <s>nec illis inſidet concordia; verùm ſi<lb></lb>multas quæ <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> primum in <expan abbr="bellũ">bellum</expan> manifeſtum ſit eruptura. </s> <s>manent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non conſociata, ſed ad <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> indu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4530"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciæ pactæ. </s> <s>Deinde cùm opponitur contraria <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> magis pugnare, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> media: media verò ſimul conſiſte<lb></lb>re non poſſe. </s> <s>Hîc te puto meminiſſe diſtinctionis mediorum, & quae altera <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> ducunt ex forma; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera ex materia. </s> <s>nunc quæ ſunt ex forma in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> coire nequeunt: actus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt inquit Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4531"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuapte natura ſeparantur, nec ex illis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed ſicut ex mediis actu vnum fieri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>extrema conueniunt in vnum. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> conſiderare velimus: hæc rurſus, aut accipiuntur, dum <expan abbr="con-trariũ">con<lb></lb>trarium</expan> gignitur, aut quoad ſunt aliquid in materia, & dum <expan abbr="gignit̃">gignitur</expan> quidem contrarium; neutiquam con<lb></lb>ſiſtunt, quae aliquid eius intereat, quod ſe habet in <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> à quo, ſi reſpexeris <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>; manent <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in eo<lb></lb>dem ſubiecto, ſed ſimultates inter ſe gerunt, & ſine intermiſsione inter ſe affligunt. </s> <s>Falſum quoque eſt <lb></lb>illud quod in tertia <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſumitur: nempe formas contrarias eſſe ſimul, vbi ſint nigrum vt quinque, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> vt tria: quandoquidem hęc non ſunt abſolutè contraria, ſed obſeruandum, quod' nam ſubeat <expan abbr="cõ-ditionẽ">con<lb></lb>ditionem</expan> termini à quo: illius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio <expan abbr="conſeruat̃">conſeruatur</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="cõtinuè">continuè</expan> poteſtatis gradus <expan abbr="regrediũtur">regrediuntur</expan> ad <expan abbr="priuatio-nẽ">priuatio<lb></lb>nem</expan>: alterius actus accedit qui eſt terminus ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, & aliqua affectio ſuccedit in materia; <expan abbr="prouehiturq́">prouehiturque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>poteſtas: ac ſi ſecundos actus accipimus; <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> variatio fit ad plus & minus: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fit motus ad id quem <lb></lb><expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> à quo conſtituimus; verùm ad oppoſitum. </s> <s>ac ſiquando pugnent, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſuas vires exerentia; <lb></lb>neutro <expan abbr="victoriã">victoriam</expan> obtinente fit tertium. </s> <s>Non igitur vnà fit motus ad contraria; quanuis actus vtriuſque <lb></lb>varientur, etſi rex æquo certant; variæ materiæ portiones variis motibus aguntur ad id quod eſt pręter <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> deductæ, & intrinſecùs ad <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> proprium perpetuò contendentes, ſed quae retunditur impetus; <pb pagenum="773"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4532"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan> neceſſariò migrant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ideſt ex conſecutione, & ex neceſsitate materiæ; ſi proprias vires ele<lb></lb>menti reſpexeris: ſi quantum alteri inſeruire poſſunt, ex ordine naturę ſuperioris. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãtum">Quantum</expan> eſt de po<lb></lb>ſtremis obiectiontbus eæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> verè concluduntur: etenim formæ <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> nullo modo <expan abbr="conſiſtũt">conſiſtunt</expan>; <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non eſſe vnius ſit primum eſſe alterius. </s> <s>ſed nos actus ipſos ſecundos <expan abbr="cõponimus">componimus</expan>, & actum <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> cum altero <expan abbr="conglutinatũ">conglutinatum</expan> facimus qui eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ac retinemus habitum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi habitus aliqua ex parte labefactetur; adhuc manet forma, <expan abbr="cõmouetur">commouetur</expan> materia; ex hac <expan abbr="graduũ">graduum</expan> <lb></lb>varietas <expan abbr="orit̃">oritur</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco ex <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> argumentis non tollitur, quin contraria ſint in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto, <expan abbr="quomodo-cunq.">quomodo<lb></lb>cunque</expan> id eueniat, nec ob id, ſi <expan abbr="cõſiſtentia">conſiſtentia</expan> <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> excluditur, prohibetur, quominus ſub eadem forma <lb></lb>materia proficiat in gradibus, ſeu non <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> contractus fuerit habitus, ſiue <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> contractus ad <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> pro<lb></lb>uehatur. </s> <s>etenim eſt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> candoris eſſentia, ſiue dici vnius, ſeu mille <expan abbr="annorũ">annorum</expan> ſit, & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> <lb></lb>in eo quod interit, in octauo & primo gradu, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſt, in ſecundo & octauo; in infimo & <expan abbr="sũ-mo">sum<lb></lb>mo</expan>; & <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ante ſpeciei productionem plus & minus accipiens ex participatione <expan abbr="cõtrarij">contrarij</expan>, & tum res <lb></lb>adhuc perpeſſa eſt, nec dum qualitas conſtituta; <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> verò noua qualitas inſedit. </s> <s>eadem ſpecie perma<lb></lb>nente plus & minus admittens ex proportione materiæ. </s> <s>Sed hoc in iis quæ mutationi ſubiecta ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eſt & aliud plus & minus, quod reſpicit eſſentias, & hoc <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> proportione <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> cauſſas obtinet; nimirùm <lb></lb>participationem primi <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> actus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in illis aliqua ſpecies <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan> poteſtatis & priuationis, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4533"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in entium ſerie Dei O. M. vnde <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="bonumq́">bonumque</expan>. </s> <s>deducitur; non ſanè per <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> naturæ poſſeſsionem, <lb></lb>veluti <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="cõmunicationem">communicationem</expan> virtutis, quam id quod <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> eſt, ſuapte natura largitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm vt D. in entium ſerie; ſic alia quæ ſunt in ordine ſuo prima, & actus, poſterio<lb></lb>ribus largiſsimè ſuppeditant; ea verò pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> participationis magis minuſúe perfecta ſunt. </s> <s>Gradus <lb></lb>hic <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> rerum interualla <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan>, & inter ea non ſolùm <expan abbr="conſpicit̃">conſpicitur</expan>, quæ in diuerſis <expan abbr="prædicamẽtis">prædicamentis</expan> col<lb></lb>locantur, ſed inter illa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæ ſunt generis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, & vt dictum eſt, qualitatibus non dum perfectis attri<lb></lb>buitur, & declinatio naturæ propriè nuncupatur ſine contrarij participatione conſiſtens. </s> <s>Sed hîc vrge<lb></lb>mur <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> à ſophiſtis qui tribus pronunciatis, vt <expan abbr="fundamẽtis">fundamentis</expan> diſputationis futuræ iactis hoc modo nos <lb></lb>arguunt. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſumunt. </s> <s>Formam cui quidpiam aduerſetur, non expelli, niſi altera <expan abbr="inducat̃">inducatur</expan>, quæ <lb></lb>cum ea ſimul <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> nequeat, veluti <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ſeptẽ">ſeptem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> remitti, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deleri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, niſi accedat album, <lb></lb>quod ſit vt duo: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="tantundẽ">tantundem</expan> extentionis eſt in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> contrario, cùm <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſint extrema, & termi<lb></lb>ni <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> ſpatij, vt à quo, & ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, & implicata poteſtate, & actu, vt <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> habeat vnum poteſtatis ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="reliquũ">reliquum</expan>, quantum eſt in ſe ipſo de actu. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> hoc ſpatium diſtinguamus octo gradibus <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> affici incipiat <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> è contrariis, accipient ab efficiente vel partem actus, vel poteſtatis, & de actu <lb></lb>proprio aliquid amittet. </s> <s>Igitur ſi ſpatia poteſtatis & actus inter contraria ſunt æqualia; tantudem erit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4534"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod amittet, quantum eſt id quod accepit & contrà. </s> <s>Secundò ſtatuunt. </s> <s>Quando formæ ſint æquè in<lb></lb>tentæ, quicquid vni repugnat, alteri <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> repugnare, vt ſi duo nigra fuerint in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> gradu, vel album <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> conſimiliter affecta. </s> <s>Poſtremò etiam <expan abbr="ponũt">ponunt</expan> dimidia formæ <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> æqualis eſſe perfectionis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex his concluſionem ſic <expan abbr="efficiunt̃">efficiuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Primùm ſi intentio & remiſsio fiunt ex admixtione contrariorum; <lb></lb>formę aſyſtati ſimul in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> permanebunt. </s> <s>Ponamus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> induci albedinem vt ſex, quæ nigredini æquali <lb></lb>repugnet: cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan> dimidia ſint æqualia, pugnabit <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> albedo vt tria, cum altera nigredine quę <lb></lb>ſit illi æqualis: certabit <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> multò magis albedo quæ eſt vt ſex, cum ea nigredine quæ eſt vt tria. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi hæc vnà <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conſiſtunt: non ergo remiſsio fiet ex acceſsione <expan abbr="cõtrarij">contrarij</expan>, vel ea quæ ſimul eſſe nequeunt, <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> reperientur; id verò eſſe non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde ſequeretur <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, aut vim quæ in intentione com<lb></lb>paratur; in fine intentam fore, ſed hoc <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> eſſe infiniti <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> ab Ariſt: exploſum conuincit, quia <lb></lb><expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> accedit de contrario <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="amittit̃">amittitur</expan> de altero certa proportione conſeruata: atqui id quod amit<lb></lb>titur, ita deperit, quia .ſ. </s> <s>vnum eius dimidium, deinde reliqua pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> delentur. </s> <s>& quoniam ea diuiſio <lb></lb>tendit in infinitum, ſic & per infinitas parteis <expan abbr="intẽtio">intentio</expan> formæ contrariæ ſuccedet. </s> <s>Tertiò neceſſarium, & <lb></lb>verum plus & minus accipient: nam ſiue illis opponatur aliquid vt priuans, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſitiuum; neceſ<lb></lb>ſarium <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> ex eius particípatione, vel actu, vel virtute, nil refert, exiſtere plus & minus. </s> <s>Et certè vero <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4535"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan> falſum, & neceſſariò quod fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aut non; & contingens. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & minus verum <expan abbr="minuſq.">minuſque</expan> <expan abbr="ne-ceſſariũ">ne<lb></lb>ceſſarium</expan> exiſtere videbitur: atquid eius, quod fieri non poſsit, aut contingentis, aut falſi perſpicimus in <lb></lb>concluſione. </s> <s>Poſtremò naturalis motus fit in fine velocior: atqui ab eius initio quid illi vt <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> <lb></lb>aduerſatur? </s> <s>nihil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc nobis aliquid negocij faceſſunt; attamen ex iis quę partim <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb>partim mox adſcribentur; vt opinor, conuelli poterunt. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> falſitas eſt poſita in <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan>, & tertio pro<lb></lb>nunciato. </s> <s>Nam quod ad refutationem ſecundi pertinet: redire oportet in <expan abbr="memoriã">memoriam</expan> eorum quæ decre<lb></lb>ta ſunt anteà de latitudine contrariorum; videlicet in eo ſpatio quod interiacet inter actus perfectos, <lb></lb>& extrema quæ <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> à quo, & ad quem vice funguntur, duplicem ineſſe habitudinem; alteram <lb></lb>poteſtatis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> actus; & poteſtatis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quæ promouetur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſed cùm in eo progreſſu ſpe<lb></lb>ctetur geminus actus; vnus .ſ. </s> <s>eius, quod ſuccedit (nam ſi non ſimpliciter actus habendus eſt, eum quo<lb></lb>quomodo participat) <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alter eius quod deperit qui ad <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> motus <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> permanet; de actu illo qui <lb></lb>proprius eſt eius quod interit; tantum amitti pro portione opus eſt, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> illi ſuccedit de eius actu <lb></lb>quod gignitur: tantum verò de hoc actu ſuccedit, quantum poteſtatis in eo contrahitur quod <expan abbr="corrum-pit̃">corrum<lb></lb>pitur</expan>: itaque poteſtas & actus illi paribus interuallis, ſed è conuerſo in eo quod interit, diſtincta fuerunt: <lb></lb>aliter <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> non eſſe vnius cum primo alterius eſſe non conueniret, & duo actus oppoſiti <expan abbr="conſiſterẽt">conſiſterent</expan>, <lb></lb>vel materia <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ſpoliata contrariis eſſet. </s> <s>Cùm igitur actio fiat ab altero contrario quod eſt actu, <lb></lb>& ſibi <expan abbr="vicariũ">vicarium</expan> ſubſtituit in materia, <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> incutiens, ſeu promouens ad actum; proptereà materiam <pb pagenum="774"></pb>gradatim & partibiliter occupans, & informans; neceſſe eſt, vt quicquid excedit eius ſpatij limitibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4536"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illud nonmodò contrarium ſit; verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimpliciter à natura toleretur, quod intra eos terminos <expan abbr="cõ-tinetur">con<lb></lb>tinetur</expan>, id <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> quidem ſit; nihilominus in materia conſiſtat: immò <expan abbr="conſequat̃">conſequatur</expan> hoc neceſſariò ex<lb></lb>ordine poteſtatis & actus, vt, ſi tanta eſt amiſsio præſentis, quanta eſt <expan abbr="cõparatio">comparatio</expan> ſuccedentis; quod <expan abbr="reſi-duũ">reſi<lb></lb>duum</expan> eſt actus antecedentis, illud habeat adnexum quod adęquet eam partem quæ collapſa fuerit, vt ſi<lb></lb>quod eſt <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> vt octo, <expan abbr="cõmoueatur">commoueatur</expan> tribus potentiæ gradibus & accipiat tantundem actus alterius op<lb></lb>poſiti; efficiatur vt quinque. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> huius tria alterius <expan abbr="admittũt">admittunt</expan>, & ſic deinceps, & certè aliquid hîc <lb></lb>violentis adeſt, & contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt fit in interitu rerum; tamen eiuſmodi, vt conſiſtat, & ex neceſsitate <lb></lb>conſiſtat. </s> <s>Proinde etſi <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> vt ſex, & <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> identidem vt ſex habent æqualia repugnantia in gradu: <expan abbr="neu-tiq̃">neu<lb></lb>tiquam</expan> tamen ipſa conſiſtunt: excedunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminis illis qui contrariis <expan abbr="aſsignant̃">aſsignantur</expan>, & vnà conſiſtunt album <lb></lb>vt ſex, & <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> vt duo; necnon nigrum vt ſex, & <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> vt duo; at non <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> vt ſex. </s> <s>& hypotheſis <expan abbr="repu-gnantiã">repu<lb></lb>gnantiam</expan> à conſiſtentia non diſtinguit. </s> <s>Accipit & hypotheſis tertia falſum: vtpote formas intentioni ob<lb></lb>noxias diuidi in dimidia quæ ſint æqualis perfectionis. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partes <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> in ſuperioribus veluti <expan abbr="im-perfectũ">im<lb></lb>perfectum</expan> in perfecto, vt primus gradus in ſecundo, & hic in tertio; <expan abbr="vicemq́">vicemque</expan>. </s> <s>materiæ ſubeunt. </s> <s>poſte<lb></lb>riores <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> continent præcedentes, vt <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; quapropter non <expan abbr="ſeparant̃">ſeparantur</expan> à prioribus. </s> <s>itaque nec diuidi <lb></lb>poſſunt; nec ſi diuidantur, eandem retinent <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>. </s> <s>vt ſi album vt quattuor in duo, & duo partia<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4537"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> horum perfectio par, ſed duo poſteriora ſunt longè perfectiora prioribus, tametſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſeparantur ab illis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> re, neque cogitatione. </s> <s>Aliud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt res cogitare ſub elementis A.B.C. & nu<lb></lb>meris, vt <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> ſophiſtę conſuerunt; aliud eſt rem <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> ex natura perpendere: hoc philoſophi eſt, illę <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">λήροι λήρων</foreign>, & meræ nugę. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem illis euenit, ac monuerit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> iis accidere qui ea quæ numero<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4538"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="rũ">rum</expan> characteribus conueniunt, tribuant rebus numeratis, & illis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> qui ea quæ quadrant in voces, rebus <lb></lb>ipſis adſcribant, quæ per voces ſignificantur. </s> <s>Hoc ergo cùm vſurpatum ſit in prima <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, falſitas aſſum<lb></lb>pti per ſe <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> labefactat argumenti. </s> <s>Ad ſecundùm verò dicimus eos fuiſſe deceptos, quae putarint <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="intẽtionibus">intentionibus</expan> <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> ſeruari <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> <expan abbr="Geometricã">Geometricam</expan>, quæ procedit per <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> <expan abbr="continua-tã">continua<lb></lb>tam</expan> à quattuor ad octo & à duobus ad quattuor, vel contra ab octo ad quattuor, à quattuor ad duo, ab <lb></lb>his ad vnum, & ſic <expan abbr="tẽdit">tendit</expan> in infinitum; cùm proportio <expan abbr="cõſeruetur">conſeruetur</expan> arithmetica quæ ſemper retinet <expan abbr="exu-perantiã">exu<lb></lb>perantiam</expan> finitam, vt ea quæ à quattuor ad <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> ab his ad ſex, & contrà à ſex ad <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan>; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſem<lb></lb>per eſt finita. </s> <s>Tertium verò diluitur indicata <expan abbr="intẽtionis">intentionis</expan> analogia; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> par eſt in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> eius ratio, <lb></lb>ſiquidem ſit ibi potiſsimè, vbi præſtò contraria ſunt, & prima illa quorum vis eſt actuoſa, vel patibilis, <lb></lb>ſunt verò quattuor primæ qualitatis, mox vbi ſecunda contraria; tertiò cùm adeſt oppoſitio priuans; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> plus exiſtunt, quo plus habent actus; etſi ſolet <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> participatio priuationis, & actus indiuiduo con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4539"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſiſtere, & ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> reſpicere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſubiacere tranſmutationi, aut <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> idem <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> mutari, vel ab <expan abbr="eo-dẽ">eo<lb></lb>dem</expan> participari ſubiecto. </s> <s>Tale <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> genus oppoſitionis habent <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> & <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan>, ac verum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò <lb></lb>plus minuſúe accipiunt, quae aliquid falſitatis inſit in concluſione; verùm quia præſtantiore modo ineſt <lb></lb>neceſsitas in principiis, quàm in concluſione, ſiquidem vt in cauſſa ſit in principiis, in concluſione ve<lb></lb>rò, vt in effectu; & ibi per ſe, hîc propter aliud. </s> <s>Quòd verò de graui & leui opponitur, & habet cauſſas <lb></lb>contrarias, & poſitiuas per ſe, & per accidens, & per ſe reſiſtentiam ex habitu contrario, dum res gene<lb></lb>ratur, & per accidens impediens quod repellendum eſt, poſtquam genitum fuerit; vnde extat maior <lb></lb>minorúe participatio tarditatis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4529"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4530"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4531"></margin.target>e 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4532"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4533"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4534"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4535"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4536"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4537"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4538"></margin.target>a 1. <expan abbr="Elẽch">Elench</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4539"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur, vt qualitates in corporibus ſimplicibus ſine contrario plus & minus accipiant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED vnde huc digreſſa eſt, eòdem redeat oratio. </s> <s>Nos igitur <expan abbr="quãrum">quarrum</expan> attinet ad eas quæſtiones quæ <lb></lb>ab initio propoſitæ fuerant de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> qualitatibus ita dicimus, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> tantùm qualitatem vni <lb></lb>elemento primùm conuenire, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> qualitatem primùm dicimus elemento illi inſidere, ſi cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4540"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſocia conferatur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> D. Thomas opinatus eſt, ſed ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> elementum, puta tu, ſi ca<lb></lb>lor igni primum conuenit; nonmodò ineſt in igni prius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſiccitas, ſed <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prius ineſt in igni, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in aere: <lb></lb>ac ſi prius ſiccitas terræ <expan abbr="tribuat̃">tribuatur</expan>, nonmodò ſuperat frigus, ſed inhæret quoque prius in terra, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in igni. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prima hypotheſeos noſtræ pars colligitur è 2. de Gen. altera verò è lib. de ſenſ. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> terræ <expan abbr="ſiccitatẽ">ſiccitatem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4541"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>confert, & ignis: inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terram magis eſſe ſicci; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> magis affici à ſicco terreo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ab igne. </s> <s>Secundò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> putamus hanc hypotheſin ex eiuſdem Philoſophi placitis erui; nimirùm <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> <lb></lb>qualitates non neceſſariò <expan abbr="sũmas">summas</expan> eſſe in elementis, ac ſi ſummę ponatur, non abſolutè tales haberi; ve<lb></lb>rùm ad gradum, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> fert <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> natura: quo ſi exceſſerint, non amplius ex natura, ſed contra <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> affecta ſunt. </s> <s>non ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſummæ, quae aliæ <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> reperiuntur illis intentiores: nam maior eſt calor <lb></lb>ignis, qui eſt <expan abbr="flãma">flamma</expan>, quàm eius, quod eſt elementum. </s> <s>vocatur verò hypeccauma; maioritem glaciei fri<lb></lb>giditas eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit aquæ. </s> <s>Non ſunt etiam ſummæ qualitates, quae habent <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> gradum contrariæ qualita<lb></lb>tis <expan abbr="adiunctũ">adiunctum</expan>, vt frigiditas aquæ particulam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> caloris, ſi minus, non efflueret, ſed maneret bruta, <lb></lb>& iners, vt glacies. </s> <s>Meminerimus item calidum, humidum, frigidum, & ſiccum <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> eſſe voces <lb></lb>antiquas, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex habitu ſic dicuntur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>immobilia ſint, aut ex actu, quae afficiant ſenſum, & immu<lb></lb>tent materiam. </s> <s>Poſtremò illud accipiendum eſt materiam mundi inferioris per ſe rudem eſſe, & infor<lb></lb>mem, & <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> qualitatis expertem: cęlum verò, & aſtra motu, & lumine <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> afficere, & pro vicinia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>diſtantia <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> ſingulis inferre: ſic illa quæ longiſsimè abſunt, frigidiſsima relinquuntur: ex his ſicci <pb pagenum="775"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4542"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tas & humor oriuntur: nam calor in primis eliquat, & fundit corpora craſsiora; deinde tenuibus & li<lb></lb>quidis corporibus paſcitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ignis <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> exhauriens, & <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> deuorans efficit ſiccum. <lb></lb></s> <s>proptereà terra ſicca eſt; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>concreta, vbi non dum fuerit à calore diſſoluta, ſed per ſeipſam ſic<lb></lb>cior igni, quae <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> contineat humorem, cùm cęteroquin ignis in humido corpore ſe perpetuo tueatur, <lb></lb>necnon frigidiſsima, quandò magis à caloris fonte diſiungitur. </s> <s>Idcirco non ſatis aptè, mea quidem ſen<lb></lb>tentia, Zimara, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quanuis auctorem habuerit Alexandrum, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui pares omnium qualitatum gradus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4543"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4544"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ſingulis elementis collocauit, & ex materia naſci voluit omne earum diſcrimen, atque ita defendit <lb></lb>plus & minus in elementis ex contrariorum miſtura non proficiſci. </s> <s>Cùm tamen ſi modus obſeruetur, <lb></lb>quo primæ qualitates accedunt materię; quamobrem elementa gignuntur, ſi item exploretur aquę, <lb></lb><expan abbr="glacieſq́">glacieſque</expan>. </s> <s>vis, & hypeccaumatis, & ignis, ſi modus quæ ex aqua <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> fieri putant; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab igneo ſic<lb></lb>co producitur, ſed ab illo affecta exhalat, & abit in <expan abbr="vaporẽ">vaporem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item à ſicco terreo, quae ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> fit <expan abbr="quid-dã">quid<lb></lb>dam</expan> maius, tametſi terminatius, ſed ita fit per humoris <expan abbr="expreſsionẽ">expreſsionem</expan>, quam præſtat frigus: ideò maius eſ<lb></lb>ſe vult, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit ipſius aquæ, vniuerſa hæc probè monſtrent gradus <expan abbr="exuperãtiam">exuperantiam</expan>. </s> <s>Proinde mihi placeret, <lb></lb>ſi in <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> qualitatibus exuperatio <expan abbr="graduũ">graduum</expan> poneretur; quanuis approbem <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ex contrarij miſcel<lb></lb>la non exoriri: ſiquidem in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto ſic contrarij miſcella miniſtratur, vt altera qualitas ſit ex ha<lb></lb>bitu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera per affectionem: cùm calefit aqua, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quia coierint in vnum corpora, quæ qualita<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4545"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tibus contrariis prædita ſit, vt in mixto, ſed quod in elementis à nobis in præſentia conſideratur, totum <lb></lb>eſt ex habitu, nec præſtò eſt aliud corpus, vnde <expan abbr="participet̃">participetur</expan> contrarium. </s> <s>Quapropter id ita materiæ tri<lb></lb>buerem, quae ex conditioni materiæ; nimirùm ex interuallo hæc <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> differentia naſcatur: hîc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ta<lb></lb>ctum virtutis ſuæ communicat, ibi plus, aut minus: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic accipio <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe cauſſam eius varieta<lb></lb>tis, quae ita comparata languidius acriuſúe afficiat, vt quae ſiccitas ſit eos, humor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> freni caloris, ſed hæc ar<lb></lb>bitror eſſe potius ſigna, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cauſſas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> me mouet illud, quae talis <expan abbr="cõmenſus">commenſus</expan> ſit inter agens & patiens, vt <lb></lb>quicquid agens efficere valeat, & patiens accipere poſsit: vnde cùm ſit agens quod <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> calorem <lb></lb>producat, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſit materia quæ ipſum acceptura ſit, vtpote quae meminerim ab optimis philoſophis eſſe <expan abbr="ſcri-ptũ">ſcri<lb></lb>ptum</expan> ab agentibus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vniuocis <expan abbr="expectandã">expectandam</expan> non eſſe <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> in effectu, quę reperitur in cauſſa, <lb></lb>vt ſi Sol poneretur infinitè calidus; non idcirco <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> imprimere, ſed quantum materia pate<lb></lb>retur. </s> <s>Verùm ſicui non arrideat hæc ſolutio, reſpondemus ſat eſſe, ſi ſit abſolutè, & vniuersè patiens, <lb></lb>quod tantum excipiat, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> illi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> exhibere efficiens: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> terra, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in centro capax eſt <lb></lb>materia tanti caloris, quantum <expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> cęlum: at alibi, & aliud corpus tantundem accipiet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quæ à nobis hactenus conſtituta ſunt; optimè obiectiones ab initio quæſtionis oppoſitæ di<lb></lb>luuntur. </s> <s>Et prima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ex iis quæ nouiſsimè dicta ſunt, profligatur. </s> <s>erat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, elementa corpora ſim<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4546"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plicia non eſſe, vel plures <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> coniugationes in ſingulorum corporum conſtitutione requiri. </s> <s>Iam <lb></lb>enim diximus plus & minus ex habilitate & impotentia cauſſæ efficientis, vel materiæ deriuari, non quae <lb></lb>aut adforet <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> è contrariis per <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, aut præſtò eſſet aliud corpus, & credimus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> vim quæ in <lb></lb>gradu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> certo tribuitur à cęlo, conſtituere elementum, quod alioqui per ſe foret materia rudis & <lb></lb>nuda, quæ nihilominus ſimplex exiſtat quae hoc ſit ipſius naturæ conſequens, vt cùm ſit <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, vt vnum, <lb></lb>ex eo frigidum ſit, vt <expan abbr="ſeptẽ">ſeptem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc efficit <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan>; efficeret prorſus, ſi aliunde accederat, vel à <lb></lb>corpore proximo, vel per affectionem <expan abbr="cõmunicatum">communicatum</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm deinde probatur ignim eſſe terra <expan abbr="ſicciorẽ">ſicciorem</expan>, <lb></lb>quae actu ſit <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, non audeo confirmare; quippe qui norim ipſum <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> in corpore humido exiſtere, & ef<lb></lb>cienter id tantùm dabo, quòd .ſ. </s> <s>vim habeat exiccandi <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> formaliter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> item cùm obii<lb></lb>ciunt <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="humidiorẽ">humidiorem</expan>, quia magis humectat, & emollit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aër; monemus actum ſępenumero non <lb></lb>imitari gradum formæ, ſed inſequi materię conditiones. </s> <s>idcirco ſi humidi definitio <expan abbr="cõſulatur">conſulatur</expan>, quæ eſt, <lb></lb>facilè termino alieno terminari, cùm facilius alieno termino finiatur aër, quàm aqua, planum eſt, quòd <lb></lb>humiditatis gradus in aëre maior exiſtet, ſed cùm aqua ſic concretior, & corpulentior: magis <expan abbr="conglu-tinat̃">conglu<lb></lb>tinatur</expan>, & corporibus duris magis adhęreſcens, magis irrigat & emollit: & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſt cauſſa prorſus, cur re<lb></lb>frigeret magis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> terra; ſicca <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hærent difficillimè. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> probetur aquæ <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> magis eſſe hu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4547"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="midũ">midum</expan>, quàm <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>, quae frigiditate ſublata poſsit aqua item conſeruari, quæ humore exhauſto protinus <lb></lb>interit; nihil ad id profectò, quae aqua ſit humidior aëre, ſiquidem pari <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, ſi aër exiccetur, amittit <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan>, quam ſanè retinet cum magna vi frigoris: ſolùm confertur eius frigiditas cùm humore. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>quicquid ſit; eiuſdem euenti cauſſa <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt, eam ſpeciatim in aqua monſtrauit Alexander, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4548"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> transferamus ad aërem: minor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> efficacitas eſt in humido & ſicco, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in calido & frigido; proptereà <lb></lb>facilius hæc inter ſe immutant, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> humidum & <expan abbr="ſiccũ">ſiccum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="credẽdum">credendum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> calidum & <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>, quę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>in aëre & aqua, vt habitus, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad mutatíonis <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> permanere: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò magis eſt inſitus humor, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> calor aut frigus, quae ægrius afficiatur: nam ſic ignis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> magis eſſet <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> ſiccum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> calor, & tamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> vno conſenſu primas igni dant in calore, & ad <expan abbr="ſiccũ">ſiccum</expan>, & ad reliqua elementa. </s> <s>Quod verò adſcribe<lb></lb>batur de terra, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> docuimus <expan abbr="efficacitatẽ">efficacitatem</expan> pellendi <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> in aqua non ab eſſentiæ principiis emanare, ſed <lb></lb>à materiæ conditionibus quæ <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> vires addunt; <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> minuunt, vt figura in motu: verunta<lb></lb>men habitus frigoris terræ magis eſt aſsignandus. </s> <s>Valent <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diſtinctiones allatæ ad concilianda loca il<lb></lb>la Ariſt. </s> <s>in quibus aliqua repugnantiæ ſpecies apparere potuiſſet. </s> <s>Per has ergo qualitates, ſi fuerint in <lb></lb>actu ſecundo; ſeſe viciſsim alterant, & afficiunt elementa; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus ille ſecundus alterandi, & ſubin<lb></lb>de afficiendi principium, & in illo eſt affectio in quo nil dum <expan abbr="contractũ">contractum</expan> fuerit habitus, vbi iam habitus <lb></lb>anteceſſerit; nec eſt alteratio, nec affectio, ſed perfectio ſubſtantię, cùm verò ſit idem actus ſecundus, ac <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> perfecta, ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> verò ſit generatio per ſe: planum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quae ad actum ſecundùm generatio per <pb pagenum="776"></pb>ſe contendat, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>optimi Græci <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Philoponus, & Alexander autumarunt: verùm quae actus ſecundus ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4549"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4550"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accidente <expan abbr="quiddã">quiddam</expan> habet quo diſtinguatur à primo: hinc effectum eſt, vt à generatione ſegregaretur, & <lb></lb>alterationi <expan abbr="motuiq́">motuique</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiiceretur, ad <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe motus eſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſecundus actus, vt idem cum for<lb></lb>ma, per generationem comparatur, vt ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, eſt vt perfectio, vt ſeorſum & <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> potentia ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> cęperit, eſt ex alteratione & motu; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> proximè, pręcipue verò ad <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4540"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4541"></margin.target>b Cap. </s> <s>de <lb></lb>ſap.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4542"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4543"></margin.target>a Theor.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4544"></margin.target>b 2. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4545"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4546"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4547"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4548"></margin.target>c 1. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4549"></margin.target>a 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4550"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex dictis aliqua de elementorum eſſentia dubitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAE conſtituta ſunt hactenus de elementorum formis, & natura <expan abbr="primarũ">primarum</expan> qualitatum, non par<lb></lb>uum <expan abbr="negociũ">negocium</expan> nobis faceſſunt, vt ea conſeruare poſsimus quæ perſpicuè inſunt in elementis, & <lb></lb>quæ de <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> conſtitutione colligimus ex Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Nam poſitum eſt primas quattuor qualitates <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas; eadem <expan abbr="perhibent̃">perhibentur</expan> corpora ſimplicia; proinde & formas eorum ſimplices eſſe <lb></lb>oportet, & cùm prima corpora ſint, & primę item ſint neceſſe eſt: ergo ſecum differentes & ſeparatæ: <lb></lb>ſi ſeparatæ, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> igitur elementa conuenient, & ob id <expan abbr="ſimiliũ">ſimilium</expan> commutatio facilior? </s> <s>Deinde quo pacto <lb></lb>ſiccitas & humor erunt <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formæ, & principia, ſi ex frigido & calido propagantur? </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>principia nequeunt exoriri ex aliis: ergo remanent calor & frigus quæ ſint elementorum formæ: ſi igi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4551"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur hæ ſolæ exiſtunt; ſequitur, vt duo, non quattuor ſint corpora prima, aut ſi caloris <expan abbr="frigoriſq́">frigoriſque</expan>. </s> <s>diffe<lb></lb>rentiæ diſcrimen corporibus afferunt, cùm hoc <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> ſit, nec aliunde conquiſitum, per ſeipſa diſtin<lb></lb>guantur. </s> <s>ita nonmodò nulla <expan abbr="cõmutatio">commutatio</expan> conſimilium, ſed'ne vlla mutatio quidem: proptereà quae <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <lb></lb>fuerit <expan abbr="vniuocũ">vniuocum</expan> genus, in quo conueniant: at quę commutantur, genere conueniant opus eſt: aut ſi con<lb></lb>ueniunt, alias priores formas his antecedere oportebit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non erunt ſimplices, vt habentur. </s> <s>Inſuper <lb></lb>in mixto non erit vnicus calor, ſed igneus, & aëreus ſimul. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> torquere poſſent eum qui <lb></lb>mecum ſentire vellet. </s> <s>At verò ad hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> componenda prius indicare libet modos quibus formæ ſim<lb></lb>plices appellantur. </s> <s>ac primùm illa eſt quæ in <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> aliud cauſſæ genus reſoluitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> accipit aut cauſ<lb></lb>ſam, principiumúe internum, aut externum; quare <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primum eſt, nempe D. O. M. <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſuiipſius ſo<lb></lb>lùm eſt gratia; prorſus liber: ab aliis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> per ſeipſum ſeparatus. </s> <s>ipſe ſolus, ſibi ipſi prorſus idem, <lb></lb>indiuiduus, immobilis, & ſimpliciter æternus. </s> <s>Secundò loco ſimplex eſſentia <expan abbr="vocat̃">vocatur</expan> quæ tametſi <expan abbr="pẽdet̃">pendetur</expan> <lb></lb>ex alio; nihilominus intra ſe aliud <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> admittit, nec diſtinguit in parteis quę materię formæúe <lb></lb><expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſuſtineant, aut generis & differentiæ. </s> <s>ex hoc genere ſunt reliquæ mentes beatæ, quæ ſine con<lb></lb>trouerſia ex ipſo deo ſunt aptæ; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen vllum cauſſæ genus in ſeipſis habent: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex deo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſa externa pendent: proximè ab his eſt ſubſtantia cęli quæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> à ſuaipſius materia non <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>his proximè ſuccedunt forma & materia: nam <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> in ſuo genere. </s> <s>ſummæ eſſe queunt, vt prima for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4552"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma & vltima materia. </s> <s>Simplex item eſſentia <expan abbr="reputat̃">reputatur</expan> quæ materiam <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan> non comprehendit, vt ma<lb></lb>thematica perhibentur. </s> <s>Sed deſcendendo ad eſſentias <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> materiatarum. </s> <s>eæ ſanè ſimplices ſunt gene<lb></lb>ratim, quae omnes indiuiduæ, ſed indiuiduæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non ſecundùm rationem: quædam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſentia <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4553"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ditur in verè entia quæ ſunt genera & differentiæ: verùm ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quandò <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſubſtantię par<lb></lb>tes <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan>, & terminans prædicata <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> tribuit rei, quae ſit: nam <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ex termino ortum ducit: <lb></lb>hic ſi abſit, non amplius eſt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>: proinde nullæ ſunt eius partes actu extra <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, ſed poteſtate ſolùm, & <lb></lb>aliud ſunt prorſus, vt ſi homo ex eo ipſo eſt, quae ſit animal bipes <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> particeps, ſi rationis particeps ex <lb></lb>ea definitione tollas, amplius homo non fuerit, ideò totum, non ex parte cognoſcitur, aut ignoratur; <lb></lb>aliter àc illa quæ diuidi poſſunt, quae aut <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> attingitur, aut totum fugit. </s> <s>Inde etiam in eſſentiæ notione <lb></lb>nulla falſitas, ſed aut veritas, aut ignoratio. </s> <s>Quæ non diuiduntur ſecundùm <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> definitione propriè <lb></lb>dicta non explanantur, ſed <expan abbr="deſcribunt̃">deſcribuntur</expan>, aut ſubeunt genus <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> definitionis, quod iis conuenit, quæ <lb></lb>inter ſe reſpiciunt; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principia. </s> <s>quare aut per ea definiuntur, quorum principia ſunt, aut cùm in <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> conueniant, vt materia & forma, <expan abbr="inuicẽ">inuicem</expan> ſe definiunt. </s> <s>ſed hęc <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> gemina obſeruamus, vel ex opi<lb></lb>nione, vel ex ipſa rei natura: nam decem prima genera primæ, <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõmuniſsimæ">communiſsimæ</expan> eſſentiæ ponun<lb></lb>tur, nec adhibetur illis definitio, quia genere careant & differentia quæ vim habeat <expan abbr="cõplendi">complendi</expan> ſpeciem: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4554"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reuera <expan abbr="rñ">responsio</expan> <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> in <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> ipſius <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuamq́">ſuamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> diſſolui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: prima igitur poteſtas & actus <lb></lb>primus <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <expan abbr="prædicamẽti">prædicamenti</expan> ſunt eſſentię ſimplices: ſumma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> genera ſolùm rudibus & prima facie <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> intuentibus ſimplices eſſentiæ <expan abbr="ſtatuent̃">ſtatuentur</expan>. </s> <s>primus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actus ille <expan abbr="habebit̃">habebitur</expan> qui <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="rudẽ">rudem</expan> informare <lb></lb>poterit, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> prima poteſtas, quę <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actus expers exiſtat. </s> <s>ita nos anteà corporis <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> in materia <lb></lb>collocauimus, ſine qua reliquæ formæ ſenſiles extare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſunt, & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, quę ſuapte natura <lb></lb>ſit ab eiuſmodi forma ſegrégata. </s> <s>Noui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> formas <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> ſimplices exiſtimari: ſed quis <expan abbr="eſsẽtias">eſsentias</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> ſimplices <expan abbr="cõſtituerit">conſtituerit</expan>, qui norit ea non minus ex actu & poteſtate <expan abbr="cõflari">conflari</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="necnõ">necnon</expan> <lb></lb>obſeruarit <expan abbr="accidẽti">accidenti</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> in actu ſupponi, vt multò <expan abbr="cõpoſitius">compoſitius</expan> <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ſit <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> accidentis eſſentia ſimplex eo nomine reputari, quia proxima illius materia corporata non <lb></lb>ſit, veluti ſubſtantiæ, & materiæ illa corporata prius pertineat ad ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> accidentia: ſiquidem <lb></lb>accedant actu ſubſtantiæ, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex illa, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſubſtantiæ producantur. </s> <s>Eſt item eſſentia ſim<lb></lb>plex, quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> reſoluitur in alias quæ per ſe curſum naturæ finiant, nec <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> gratia gignantur, nouimus <lb></lb>enim eſſe nonnulla corpora quæ per ſe natura non expetit, vt ea ſolùm exiſtant, ſed vt alia ex ipſis, vt <lb></lb>niſi ex illis alia <expan abbr="gignerent̃">gignerentur</expan>, nec in eis <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> natura collocaret, veluti ſemina & vapores; illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facta ſunt, <lb></lb>vt viuentia conſiſtant: hi vero vt elementa producantur. </s> <s>Vltimum genus eſſentiæ ſimplicis eſt, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſt quę ſub vno non vniuocè ponuntur: nam ſic genere vacant, & differentiis quæ in <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> illo <pb pagenum="777"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4555"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>radices agant, vt per ipſas diſtributum ſuis partibus <expan abbr="cõmunicetur">communicetur</expan>. </s> <s>Hæc cùm propter elementorum for<lb></lb>mas hactenus expoſita ſint, ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ipſam mox aptentur. </s> <s>Dicimus igitur, elementi eſſentiam ſic eſſe ſim<lb></lb>plicem, quae elementum diſſolui nequeat in alia corpora, quæ per ſe ſubſiſtant. </s> <s>Ita non ſunt eorum eſſen<lb></lb>tiæ primæ, quin in alias <expan abbr="cõmuniores">communiores</expan> diſſolui poſsint, ſed in alias planè quæ curſum naturæ abſoluant; <lb></lb>nullum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corpus antecedit elementis, ad quod per ſe natura contendat, & in eo <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> faciat, ſed ſiquid <lb></lb>eſt, eſt profectò quaſi <expan abbr="ſeminariũ">ſeminarium</expan> elementi ex quo exiſtat ſiue per <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan>, vt ex halitu ignis, ex vapo<lb></lb>re aqua; ſeu per <expan abbr="compoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan>, velut aër ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan>: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id habet aliquid ſeipſo prius, cuius beneficio <lb></lb>in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ reponatur, ſiue actus ille ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="dirigit̃">dirigitur</expan>, ſeu corpus ſenſile, quod eſt in eo <lb></lb>prædicamento genus communiſsimum. </s> <s>Quare ſi elementi forma, & eſſentia cum <expan abbr="cõmunioribus">communioribus</expan> con<lb></lb>feratur; ex genere, <expan abbr="differentiiſq́">differentiiſque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtabit, & erunt primæ qualitates vt poſteriores <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> formæ, quæ <lb></lb>ſuperioribus accedant. </s> <s>Adde hic quae cum corpus ſenſile ſit propoſitum philoſopho naturali; determi<lb></lb>natum fuerit illis differentiis quæ ſenſui primò ſubiiciuntur: ſunt verò hæ quattuor primæ qualitates; <lb></lb>quandò ſupra ipſas nil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſenſile exiſtat, & quicquid ſenſui ſeſe offert, aut ex his originem ducat, aut <lb></lb>non ſentiatur ſine his; <expan abbr="eæq́">eæque</expan>. </s> <s>primò & per ſe pellunt ſenſus. </s> <s>Ob id igitur primæ differentiæ ſenſile appel<lb></lb>lantur, non primæ ſimpliciter: illę multò priores corporeum & inanimum.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4556"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4551"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4552"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4553"></margin.target>b 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4554"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4555"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4556"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum elementorum formę diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVE hæc quidem non difficilia; dignum illud, in quo oleum & opera ponatur. </s> <s>nam gradus <lb></lb>exiſtit perſpicuè inter has qualitates, cùm ex calore & frigore pendeant <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, cùm à calore ſiccum <lb></lb>fundatur, & <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> exprimatur à frigore, & à calore <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan> exhauriatur, à frigido ſiccum irrigetur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>natura prior ſit calor, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> frigus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> habitus eſt prior priuatione. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quattuor <lb></lb>primæ <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> differentiæ, ſed vna tantummodò. </s> <s><expan abbr="Similiq́">Similique</expan>. </s> <s>modo cùm differentiæ ſic ſe habeant <lb></lb>in definitione, vt vltima ſit verè forma, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>compleat vniuerſam <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſint ordi<lb></lb>natæ. </s> <s>ſicut eæ quæ dicuntur ſecundùm <expan abbr="continuationẽ">continuationem</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> æqualiter ex <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere deducantur, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> inter ſe <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> habeant, <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan> quærendi præbet, è quónam <expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan> genere ſint hæ qua<lb></lb>litates: etenim ſi <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan>, poſterior origine <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan> eſſe abſolutior; at hîc origine poſteriores <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> mul<lb></lb>tò imperfectiores; nimirùm ſiccitas & humor: ſi nullus ordo, ſic <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſingulæ <expan abbr="poterũt">poterunt</expan> occupare, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ſpecie differre <expan abbr="faciẽt">facient</expan>. </s> <s>multò igitur magis & ipſę ſpecie diſtinguantur: atſi ſpecie ſeparantur, quo <lb></lb>pacto ſimilitudo, & proinde facilis <expan abbr="ſimiliũ">ſimilium</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutatio">commutatio</expan> <expan abbr="cõſeruabitur">conſeruabitur</expan>? </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpecie <expan abbr="differũt">differunt</expan>: ergo mutatio <lb></lb>non inter ſimilia, ſed inter contraria procedet. </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="explicatũ">explicatum</expan> propoſitæ quęſtionis hæc anteponenda <expan abbr="cẽ-">cen<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4557"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſeo; <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> plurib. modis elementa poſſe tractari, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> generatim, vel vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ſimpliciter, & in or<lb></lb>dine corporum <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, vel vt certa ſubſtantia, ſicut ignis, & aqua. </s> <s>Vbi verò elementa veluti principia <lb></lb>perpenduntur, ita definienda ſunt, vt illud in definitione ſumant, cuius principia ponuntur; & primæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſimpliceſq́">ſimpliceſque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſentiæ, non ſecus àc materies & forma reputantur, nec vlterius illorum eſſentia reſolui<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>At ſi illa tractemus vt corpora, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtantias abſolutas, cùm phyſica methodus nonmodò <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſentias cogitatione complectatur; ſed maximè in illud contendat, vt eas ad ſenſum referat, & ſpecu<lb></lb>letur vt ſenſiles, quanuis ex ordine <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> duæ ſint, aut vna potius prima ſimpliciter, quia <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ęquè <lb></lb>primò <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> hæ qualitates ſenſum ſuo ſingulæ modo afficiunt, nec ex ſe <expan abbr="inuicẽ">inuicem</expan> in hoc officio præſtando <lb></lb>ſunt aptæ; ſingulas ex æquo æſtimat, & in corporib. ſenſilib. conſtituendis vniuerſas habet pro primis; <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>definitionib. ſingulis, vt æqualiter conſtituentib. vtitur. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò ſi rerum natura <lb></lb>attendatur; non eſt par <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> conditio, quemadmodum diximus. </s> <s>Ipſam igitur naturam nunc expenda<lb></lb>mus, & (vt à <expan abbr="cõmuniorib">communiorib</expan>. </s> <s>ordiamur) illud maneat, ob <expan abbr="antedictã">antedictam</expan> cauſſam definiri elementa per quat<lb></lb>tuor primas qualitates æqualiter: at vera <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> eſſentia conſtituitur per calorem & frigus; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſint hæ <lb></lb>primæ <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> differentię quæ in hoc ordine ſe habent, ſicut habitus & priuatio prima. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> differentia quæ redundabit in elementa, ea certè ex horum differentiis exiſtet. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="quẽ-">quen<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4558"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodùm calor & frigus ſecum differant, mox explicabimus: interim ad id quod de harum qualita<lb></lb>tum ſerie <expan abbr="dubitatũ">dubitatum</expan> eſt, reſpondeamus aliquid. </s> <s>Et cùm opponitur, ſi inter eas ordo ponatur, origine po<lb></lb>ſteriorem perfectiorem <expan abbr="futurã">futuram</expan>; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> tangit <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quęſtionem quæ mox tractabitur, ad hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mox dice<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Cùm obiicitur. </s> <s>Si nullus ordo, ergo ſingulæ vltimæ, ſi hoc erit, & <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> diuerſam facient, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>magis ipſę ſpecie diſtabunt. </s> <s>Dicimus ſpeciem non exiſtere ex ſola vltima <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan>, ſed ex toto cumu<lb></lb>lo generis & differentiarum: quare differentia non tantum per ſe facit vt diſtent, ſed etiam cum reli<lb></lb>quis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> accedit. </s> <s>Ergo non ſequitur, vt ipſa ſpecie magis diſtare debeat, ſequeretur planè ſi per ſe ip<lb></lb>ſam faceret, vt diſtarent. </s> <s>Aſpice bipes: idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt in homine & aue, ſed cum rationis compote facit ho<lb></lb>minem, cum bruto auem. </s> <s>ſint ratione vtens, & non vtens, hęc per ſe ſpecie diſtinguunt, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeip<lb></lb>ſis ſpecie diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>Ita igitur de calore & frigore dicemus, etenim cum reliquis erunt cauſſa diffe<lb></lb>rentiæ, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>de cæteris affirmabimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quãtum">Quantum</expan> verò eſt de altero capite. </s> <s>Puto hîc te meminiſſe plus <lb></lb>& minus, vbi determinata fuerint, ſpeciem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> variare, ſic alia ſpecies erat eius qui plurimum eroga<lb></lb>ret, alia illius, qui nihil, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia eius qui mediocriter; vnde primus ille prodigus, alter auarus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic <lb></lb>liberalis appellaretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo ex maiore minoreúe participatione lucis, & opaci variæ <expan abbr="colorũ">colorum</expan> <lb></lb>ſpecies efficiebantur. </s> <s>Sic igitur ex determinata ratione qua bonum ab efficiente & ſine materiæ com<lb></lb>municatur, eſſentiarum certi gradus exiſtunt, vnde omnis ſpeciei varietas ducitur: quamobrem ſe ha<lb></lb>bent ſpecies, quemadmodum numeri. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti calor hoc remotius temperat, illud propinquius tor <pb pagenum="778"></pb>ret, viciniſsimum comburit. </s> <s>ſic cùm efficiens variis modis afficiat materiam, hîc calefaciens, ibi refri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4559"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gerans, & illic per ſe, alibi per accidens efficit item ignem, & aërem, aquam & <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>. </s> <s>Cauſſa igitur hu<lb></lb>iuſce varietatis ex efficiente primò, quod cùm in ſe hoc bonorum gradus virtute contineat, eos variis <lb></lb>modis materiæ contribuit, hi verò in ipſa actu explicati elementorum formæ exiſtunt. </s> <s>efficientis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-dicto">con<lb></lb>dicto</expan> eſt illud interuallum primò, licèt ſecundò redundet in materiam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> efficientis ipſius eſt ha<lb></lb>bere certam peripher<foreign lang="grc">ει</foreign>am ſuæ virtutis. </s> <s>ac ſimile eſt id amico mihi C. libras auri <expan abbr="cõmodanti">commodanti</expan> quas habet <lb></lb>Romæ: hæ ſanè ſunt illius, ſed non hîc, at Romæ. </s> <s>Verùm quae ita ſuum munus facit efficiens, quod for<lb></lb>mam imponit materiæ quaſi ſegregans à ſeipſo; & illa exiſtit extra finum <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> in materia, inde eſt, <lb></lb>vt in ſe ipſa etiam tale diſcrimen obtineat ab efficiente ſecreta, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen per ſe ipſam, quia non ſine <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>Proptereà ſi licet hanc diſtinctionem verbis aptè rem ſignificantib. exprimere, dicemus calidi<lb></lb>tatem in aëre & igni, & frigiditatem in aqua & terra reapſe eaſdem eſſe, ſed diſtingui formaliter, hoc <lb></lb>eſt, quòd cùm eiuſdem naturæ ſint, ex certo gradu qui ſequitur habitudinem ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, propriè ſepa<lb></lb>rentur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> acceſsione ſecundarum differentiarum gradus iſte notatur, & eſſentia perficitur: vtputa <lb></lb>calidum quod efficit <expan abbr="ſiccitatẽ">ſiccitatem</expan>, calidum quòd liquat, frigidum quod liquat, frigidum quod ſiccat, & ita <lb></lb>ſubiiciuntur elementa definitioni, in qua nota natura & nobis vnà ſunt accipienda: vbi differunt ab <lb></lb>iis, quæ plus & minus accipiunt <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> retinentia, quae in illis eſt infinitas; & motus <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> continua<lb></lb>tus, niſi quid prohibeat, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> ad ſummum res perducta fuerit, & opus ab ea forma præſtatur eo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4560"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, quod eſt imperfectum. </s> <s>hîc natura quieſcit, & opus abſolutum facit, & prorſus neceſſarium: <lb></lb>ab iis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> differentiis, quæ per <expan abbr="continuationẽ">continuationem</expan> diuiduntur, vt habens pedes in bipes & multipes; quae hæc <lb></lb>ſunt contraria ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quæ inter ſe mutari non poſſunt, nec vnum in altero, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> poteſtas in <lb></lb>actu continetur: at primarum qualitatum diſtinctio <expan abbr="ſocietatẽ">ſocietatem</expan> materiæ flagitat; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> repudiat <expan abbr="viciſsi-tudinẽ">viciſsi<lb></lb>tudinem</expan>, id eò vocant eas Græci contraria ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. </s> <s>Poſſum ego tibi rerum quæ ita ſe habent, <lb></lb>ſexcenta <expan abbr="exẽpla">exempla</expan> proponere, quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> à grauiſsimis auctorib. animaduerſa fuerint: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in primis <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>calor, qui in ſemine <expan abbr="cõprehenſus">comprehenſus</expan> eſt, & altionis, & ſenſus auctor eſt; & mentis <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtum">inſtrumentum</expan>, qui <lb></lb>ſanè <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> reipſa eſt, ſed ſic, aut aliter affectus variorum munerum cauſſa exiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eodẽ">Eodem</expan> modo calor febrilis <lb></lb>& natiuus plurium opinione ſe habent: quaſi febrilis ſit natiuus ille adauctus, qui ex intentione poſt<lb></lb>modo <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> varians, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> habebat ad corpus, in viuente <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non tamen in ſeipſo ſimpliciter <lb></lb>immutatur. </s> <s>Inde <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> efficitur, vt cùm vnus in altero contineatur, in maiore minor, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> multa opera effi<lb></lb>cere queat quæ efficiebat ante <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> foret actus. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dum calor febrilis occupat, adminiſtrantur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> coctio<lb></lb>nes, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> cùm defœcatur calor, qui parat <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan>; ſenſus, aut altio collabuntur. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> nos <lb></lb>aliud antè decreuimus; licèt aliorum ſapientium auctoritate in noſtra re confirmanda nunc vti. </s> <s>Quare <lb></lb>patet hęc eſſe <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> re; variari <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> formaliter ex immutatione habitudinis <expan abbr="efficiẽtis">efficientis</expan> ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idẽ">Idem</expan> facito <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4561"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de calore ignis & aëris. </s> <s>Quare etſi vna eſt eſſentia caloris impartibilis & inuariabilis, at variis <lb></lb>modis <expan abbr="cõmunicata">communicata</expan> diſtinguitur, & à materia ſuſcepta contrahit priuationem & poteſtatem: inhærent <lb></lb>.n. hæc radicitùs in materia, licèt formas proximè conſequantur. </s> <s>Cogita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tu hîc, ſi inde conſtituatur <lb></lb>materia ſenſilis <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in rerum natura principium eſſentiæ facimus, eam .ſ. </s> <s>quæ toto prior eſt. </s> <s>prinde ad <lb></lb>conſtitutionem ſpeciei pertinet, vt primo libro ſignificauimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & hoc modo defendet etiam cę<lb></lb>teras qualitates ad eſſentiam elementi concurrere, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> per illas id genus materiæ ſenſilis exprimatur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> quod calidum eſt, habet <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> cum poteſtate communi ad plus & minus, & in ea <lb></lb>format genus ad elementa & conuenientiam: quapropter elementorum ſpecies immutantur, & me<lb></lb>rito conuenientiæ poſſunt inter ſe transformari. </s> <s>Prima conuenientia eſt in genere corporis, per <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> pri<lb></lb>mam formam de qua antea dictum eſt, accipiente materia terminos ab efficiente quod eſt cęlum per <lb></lb>motum & lumen, ac deducente primùm ad minimum ſenſile, in quo elementorum formæ primò con<lb></lb>ſiſtunt. </s> <s>per affectiones quæ tametſi ſunt contra naturam eius quod deperit, nihilominus ſunt ex natu<lb></lb>ra illius communis quod ſi non ratione, re tamen in genito retinetur. </s> <s>Veruntamen, quia corpus hoc <expan abbr="nũ-quàm">nun<lb></lb>quàm</expan> actu ſeparatur ab hiſce quattuor corporib. his ipſis ratio formæ tribuitur, cæteris <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materiæ, <lb></lb>& cùm hæc corpora tranſmutantis naturæ primi fines habeantur, efficitur, vt quicquid natura produ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4562"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cendo præſtat, ad hæc corpora referatur. </s> <s>Et planè ſi naturæ progreſſus, vt mente concipi poteſt, ſic ocu<lb></lb>lorum adſpectui ſubiiceretur; appareret cęlum per motum & lumen afficere materiam calefaciendo, <lb></lb>& rarefaciendo ex quo eſſet corpus quoddam imperfectum, ſicuti ſunt vapor & exhalatio, in quo non <lb></lb>dum concepta caliditas eſſet, & terminatum tamen, & ſub certa materiæ mole ſenſile, nec dum tamen <lb></lb>ignis aut aër, niſi potentia. </s> <s>Sed hæc quanuis natura diſtincta, actu tamen iuncta ſunt, & fugiunt ſenſus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex hac <expan abbr="cõmunione">communione</expan> materiæ primum genus oritur quod corpus ſenſile nuncupatur: quapropter om<lb></lb>nia corpora ſimplicia ſecum inuicem commutantur. </s> <s>item ſecunda conuenientia primarum <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <lb></lb>caliditatis .ſ. </s> <s>& frigiditatis, vnde etiam propter aliquam vim <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunitas">communitas</expan> ſicci & humidi deriua<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſunt quattuor primæ formæ abſolutæ, ex earum coniugatione quattuor prima corpora exi<lb></lb>ſtunt. </s> <s>& duo quæ contigua ſunt, in altera ex illis ſemper conueniunt, per alteram diſtinguuntur: quæ <lb></lb>medium habent, prorſus diſsimilia ſunt. </s> <s>Ex illa formarum ſimilitudine naſcitur <foreign lang="grc">τὸ σύμβολον</foreign>, & con<lb></lb>cilium cuius beneficio corpora illa facilius commutantur, afferente ſimilitudine <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> materię ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> accipiendam. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti quod calet, facilius combutitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> glacies; & liberalis facilius ero<lb></lb>gabit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> auarus, ſic elementorum quæ qualitates habent conſimiles, erit viciſsitudo procliuior. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb><expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> verearis eſſe duos mixti <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> calores, aut frigora; nihil eſt, & ex dictis occaſio falſæ ſuſpicionis <lb></lb>eruendæ ſine vllo negotio datur. </s> <s>Nam niſi remanet elementum; <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> patet <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> caloris, aut frigotis p <pb pagenum="779"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4563"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe ipſam ſupereſſe, quæ per ſe vna eſt: ſi remanent elementa, vt nob. </s> <s>hactenus placet; ea ſic in vnum <expan abbr="cõ-uenire">con<lb></lb>uenire</expan> dicemus, vt in qualitatib. remiſsis antea docuimus. </s> <s>etenim actus ſecundi refringuntur, quate<lb></lb>nus inſunt per paſsionem; habitus & actus primi ſilent in mixtura. </s> <s>etenim ſunt vnum, quae hypoſtaſis ef<lb></lb>fectus vna, ſed eorum cauſſæ diuerſæ. </s> <s>Satis eſt igitur, ſi ex multis vnum exiliat, non vt vnum ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, ſed vt hypoſtaſis vna cuius principia multa ſint, neutiquam tamen ſeparata.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4557"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4558"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4559"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4560"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4561"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4562"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4563"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem de oppoſitione caloris & frigoris. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NE cui fortè mirum videatur, ſi ad idem rediero ſæpius, & longiore ſermone verſer in explicatione <lb></lb>primarum qualitatum, <expan abbr="vtq.">vtque</expan> conſtitutionis elementorum: nam res ipſa per ſe difficillima eſt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>elementa parùm à materia diſcedant, quæ ignota eſt ſuaptè natura, tùm etiam dicta Ariſtotelis & <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <lb></lb>pugnare videntur, & aliena à ſenſu docere: necnon variæ ſunt doctiſsimorum hominum de hac quæ<lb></lb>ſtione ſententiæ. </s> <s>cùm item ea ſint quaſi principia noſtræ methodi; de illorum explicatione mihi vide<lb></lb>tur ex inſtituto Platonis eſſe laborandum. </s> <s>in quo operępretium me feciſſe exiſtimauero, ſi illas primas <lb></lb>dictas qualitates elementorum formas eſſe defendero, non alias quaſdam latentes & ignotas, <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> <lb></lb>poſitionem omni ex parte purgauero cuius non modica pars eſt inſtituta quæſtio de oppoſitione calo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4564"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ris, & frigoris. </s> <s>Etenim ſi eorum formæ ignotæ fuerint, & elementa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ignorentur oportet; his igno<lb></lb>ratis, & vniuerſa, quæ ex ipſis, ignorare contingit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſicut Ariſt. </s> <s>Anaxagoræ, <expan abbr="Democritiq́">Democritique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> <lb></lb>refellit quae principia rerum naturalium infinita poſuerint eo, quae ignota forent: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fruſtra laborari in re<lb></lb>rum naturalium ſcientia comparanda; ſic eueniret & nobis elementorum formis ignoratis. </s> <s>Si res natu<lb></lb>rales ignorantur; & prima philoſophia conſimiliter ignorabitur; cùm eius cognitio pendeat ex natura<lb></lb>li. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò, ſi nihil omnino ſciendum nob. </s> <s>erat; oportuit nob. </s> <s>exhibitam eſſe mentem & ſenſus fru<lb></lb>ſtra fabricatos. </s> <s>Et ſicut eſſet hominis ſuperbiſsimi confidere ſe humanitùs omnia ſcire poſſe; ſic & ani<lb></lb>mi puſilli foret; nihil <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> ſe cogniturum ſperare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> minus illud pronunciatum fuiſſe credendum <lb></lb>eſt, Noſſe ſeipſum, vt hominum arrogantia minueretur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt bona item ſua <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> nollet ignorare. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed veniamus ad rem. </s> <s>Siue igitur actio fiat à qualitatib. per ſe, ſiue vt ſunt inſtrumenta formarum; <lb></lb>perſpicuum eſt primas obtinere vnam illam repugnantiam quæ eſt inter calorem & frigus; quippe quae <lb></lb>ex horum præſentia, vel abſentia reliquæ producantur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm ſimplicium corporum qualitates, <lb></lb>cuiuſmodi ſunt affectiones elementorum quas meteorologia comprehendit, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mixtorum om<lb></lb>nium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="animantiũ">animantium</expan> ea ex parte qua ſunt corpora naturalia, ex quo efficitur, vt reliquæ oppoſitiones, <lb></lb>ſi ſpectentur acutius, non <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> forma formæ, ſed <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> priuatio formæ opponantur, aut ſaltem ſpeci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4565"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>men aliquod priuationis præſeferant: ſiquidem metallorum materia cum à calore tollatur, tum me<lb></lb>talli formam accipit, cùm à calore deſerta corripitur à frigore, ſic oſſa, & partes ſpermaticæ à calore pro<lb></lb>ducuntur, à frigore poſt abſoluitur eorum conſtitutio, quamobrem, cum in iis terra dominetur eliqua<lb></lb>ri non poſſunt: ita denſitas in his & veluti priuatio, quippe quæ è priuante cauſſa naſcatur; & cùm ſic <lb></lb>ſe habeat frigus ad calorem; ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> frigus priuatio caloris eſſe putabitur. </s> <s>Vidimus olim <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>defendi poſſet hæc pars problematis, ſi rationem generationis tueri vellemus: res ipſa nunc per ſe tra<lb></lb>ctanda eſt. </s> <s>& rationes <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> expendendæ, vt earum pondere librato, ad <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> certiorem animus im<lb></lb>pellatur. </s> <s>Opponitur hoc loco <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> productio, cauſſa ſanè caloris eſt præſentia luminis, & <expan abbr="cõmotio">commotio</expan>; fri<lb></lb>goris <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eius abſentia, & immobilitas. </s> <s>proinde corpora, quæ magis abſunt à cęlo, frigida & bruta ſunt: <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæ ad polos ſeſe recepere, vel Cymmeriis tenebris obruuntur, pruina obrigeſcunt, & <expan abbr="conglaciã-tur">conglacian<lb></lb>tur</expan>, quae motum, <expan abbr="lumenq́">lumenque</expan>. </s> <s>à cęlo diffuſum, & <expan abbr="cõmunicatum">communicatum</expan> non experiuntur, quæ ſunt intra tropicos ar<lb></lb>dent. </s> <s>Cùm igitur effectus & cauſſæ ſecum congruant, & caloris cauſſa poſitiua ſit; frigoris <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> priuans, <lb></lb>efficitur, vt frigus ſit priuatio, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> forma: & ob eam cauſſam talemúe iudicium de illorum natura <lb></lb>feciſſe videtur Ariſtoteles in Meteorologicis. </s> <s>Ex altera parte obiicitur Ariſtotelis teſtimonium, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quae fri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4566"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gus aliquando ſit natura, vt in ferro & glacie, necnon in omnib. in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> terra primas obtinet, niſi inter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4567"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cedat affectio quædam quæ vim reprimat natiuæ qualitatis, vt in calce; huiuſmodi verò maxima pars <lb></lb>eſt mixtorum; in omnibus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propemodum terra dominatur quæ eſt frigidiſsima. </s> <s>Probatur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex con<lb></lb>uenientia cauſſarum & effectuum. </s> <s>A frigore <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> effectus poſitiui deſcendunt: non igitur eſt abſoluta <lb></lb>priuatio frigus, ſed forma: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> à frigore procreantur denſitas, durities, ariditas, pondus, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>com<lb></lb>plura. </s> <s>Quòd ſi hæc omnia priuationes eſſe fatearis: atqui illis oppoſita neceſſe eſt ſint poſitiua (neque <lb></lb>enim priuatio priuationi aduerſatur) ea verò conſimiliter à frigore producuntur, vt eliquatio, molli<lb></lb>ties, & humiditas. </s> <s>Prætereà omne id quod cadit in ſenſum per ſe & primò per aliquam ſpeciem ſenti<lb></lb>tur quæ accipitur ab anima ſiue materia, in ea verò ineſt aliqua actus ratio; ſolùm hoc diſcriminis in<lb></lb>tercedit, quae forma per ſe manet in ſubiecto infixa: eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpecies à ſubiecto per medium & organa ſen<lb></lb>ſuum ad animum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> transfertur. </s> <s>At multa feriunt ſenſus ex iis quæ naſcuntur à frigore. </s> <s>erunt igitur <lb></lb>formæ, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem poſitiuum quid, non ſimpliciter priuans. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae à corpore frigido vi<lb></lb>cino, & ab aëre ventis agitato refrigeramur, certiſsimum ſignum aliquam affectionem, & actum <expan abbr="cõmu-nicari">commu<lb></lb>nicari</expan> à frigore, quæ ſint poſitiuum quid, non pura priuatio. </s> <s>Poſtremò quattuor ſunt primæ corporis <lb></lb>ſenſilis differentiæ; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> calor, frigus, humor, ſiccitas: at priuatio nonnullius eſſe poteſt differentia. </s> <s>Confir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4568"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>matur, quoniam differentiæ ſub eodem genere debent eſſe ſimul natura: atqui priuatio eſt natura po<lb></lb>ſterior. </s> <s>Hæc profectò tanti roboris habita ſunt, vt ceſſerint in hanc ſententiam multi ſcriptores. </s> <s>Atta<lb></lb>men ſicuti perſuadeor frigus non eſſe priuationem ſimpliciter, non ita nihil moueor à rationib. quę ad <pb pagenum="780"></pb>hanc partem problematis allatæ fuerunt. </s> <s>Nam quanuis doceat Ariſt. </s> <s>in quibuſdam frigus eſſe <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4569"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſſumus intelligere <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>, & eam quæ actus eſt, vel ab actu proximè deriuatur, & prout <lb></lb>vniuerſum genus eſſentiæ comprehendit, quæ nonmodo à forma, ſed ab eiuſdem abſentia ducitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nanque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> priuatio quædam eſt forma; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deſunt res naturales quarum eſſentia certa priuatione <lb></lb>conſiſtat, vt cadauer. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis hęc item numeret in poſitiuis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> via ſubuenit, qua id defendi valeat, <lb></lb>vt in mixtis, ſiquando frigus non ex affectione, ſed ex habitu, & ex materia dominetur: poterit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea <lb></lb>cauſſa poſitiua reputari, quandò ex corporis frigidi præſentia tale ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> nos admonuit quando<lb></lb>que Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quicquid affirmatione ſignificatur haberi poſitiuum, vt <expan abbr="iniuſtũ">iniuſtum</expan> & nudum. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4570"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tinet ad <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> qua aſſumitur exiſtere <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> inter cauſſas & effectus; id à no<lb></lb>bis ſimpliciter, & per ſe datur, haud tamen inficiabimur aliqua ex parte, & per accidens variare natu<lb></lb>ram, præſertim ſiqua cauſſa poſitina ſocia fuerit, vt mox ex planabimus. </s> <s>Aut igitur ea quæ deſcendunt <lb></lb>à frigore, priuantia ſint oportet, aut ab eo non efficiantur per ſe, aut denique rationem poſitiui pręſe<lb></lb>ferant beneficio cauſſarum adiuuantium: ſic denſitas in glacie, ſiccitas in terra vim priuationis obti<lb></lb>nebunt; humor expreſſus erit ex frigore per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> alia fortè cauſſæ alterius poſitiui erunt, & ipſa po<lb></lb>ſitiua. </s> <s>Quòd verò ſpecies habeant, per quas ſenſum mentemúe afficiant, haud verò enuntiatum fuiſſe <lb></lb>puto: ſpecies <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poſitiui ſolius eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> per ſe mouet. </s> <s>Sed ſicuti natura per formæ <expan abbr="præſentiã">præſentiam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4571"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>facit, per <expan abbr="abſentiã">abſentiam</expan> deſtruit, ſic & <expan abbr="poſitiuũ">poſitiuum</expan> per ſuam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſpeciem imprimit; per ſui priuationem iudi<lb></lb>cat oppoſitum, ex quo effectum eſt, vt aſſerat Ariſtoteles oppoſitorum vnam & <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="diſciplinã">diſciplinam</expan>, <lb></lb>vt habitus & priuationis. </s> <s>Ita ergo calor per ſe mouebit ſenſum, & ea quæ per ſe & ſimpliciter ab ipſo <lb></lb>deſcendent, per ſpeciem ex eorum priuatione comprehendentur oppoſita: ſi minus ea per ſe & abſo<lb></lb>lutè ex frigore non exiſtent. </s> <s>Falſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſſe dicet quis nos affici à frigiditate, ſed ex amotione cor<lb></lb>poris calidi priuati eius ſenſu, & in ea priuatione percipere frigus. </s> <s>At verò priuationem non eſſe diffe<lb></lb>rentiam; ſi eam pro negatione ſumamus, vt ſæpe factitatum eſt in lib. Prior. </s> <s>Reſ. </s> <s>fatemur ingenuè pri<lb></lb>uationem eſſe non poſſe differentiam: ſed priuationem ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> dabo. </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="incorporeũ">incorporeum</expan>, <lb></lb>inanimum, ſenſu carens, rationis impos aliud ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> priuationes? </s> <s>Atqui differentiæ, inquis, ſimul na<lb></lb>tura ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>An non natura ſimul, quae ſint æqualis perfectionis: nam formæ ſunt veluti numeri, <lb></lb>vt noſti. </s> <s>nec quae genus ad <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> parem habeat propenſionem; quia natura ſemper contendit ad opti<lb></lb>mum; ſed quae genus ab <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> differentia determinetur æqualiter; quae ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> pariter accipere queat in <lb></lb>ordine exiſtentiæ, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> etiam materia reſpicit æqualiter <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & priuationem, licèt forma <lb></lb>ſit multò prior natura. </s> <s>Hæc mea quidem ſententia ad cauſſam <expan abbr="probandã">probandam</expan> non ineptè: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſic de<lb></lb>fendere licèt, contraria eſſe actu vnum, poteſtate <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ponere prima contraria calorem & frigus: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4572"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſiquidem frigus ſit actu non ens; calor <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> poteſtate; & contrà. </s> <s>ſimiliter poteſt repaſtio miniſtrari, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4573"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> formæ facultas refringi ea via, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ratione qua motum inter illas fieri, ſi hæc cauſſa ſtaret, lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>priore docuimus. </s> <s>Proinde omnis <expan abbr="aduerſariorũ">aduerſariorum</expan> probatio poſita eſt in lubrico, vt vides: nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> illi re<lb></lb>liquum eſt, quo ſe tutetur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> opinio plurium philoſophorum à qua ſine maxima cauſſa diſcedendum <lb></lb>non eſſe opinamur. </s> <s>Sed vna reſtat ratio purganda quæ ducitur ex ortu elementorum inferiorum, & <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele ſignificatur 1. ſuæ Meteorologiæ. </s> <s>Hanc igitur, vt defendamus ita præfari oportebit. </s> <s>E <expan abbr="cõ-trariis">con<lb></lb>trariis</expan> vnum vicem gerere priuationis & non entis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen eſſe non ens ſimpliciter, verùm & ali<lb></lb>quid actu eſſe: volunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> contraria, ſi propriè fuerint, eſſe poſitiua. </s> <s>Cùm verò è certis cauſsis de<lb></lb>ſcendant, id quod habent priuantis, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſit neceſſe eſt ex cauſſa priuante: at propter actum quem po<lb></lb>nimus in eo; etiam præſtò eſſe oportet alteram cauſſam quæ ſit actus, vnde etſi eſt non ens, impetrat, quae <lb></lb>ſit actu: non ens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perhibetur ex cauſſa dominante. </s> <s>Sint nob. </s> <s>exemplo album & nigrum, quæ contra<lb></lb>ria ſunt, & poſitiuè opponuntur, ſed <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> eſt priuatio. </s> <s>Eorum geminæ ſunt cauſſæ, altera vt actus, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>eſt lucidum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ eſt priuatio quod eſt opacum: & lucidum quidem albi cauſſa; ex opaco na<lb></lb>ſcitur nigrum, ſed ex hoc habet nigrum, quae ſit actu & poſitiuum, quia non ex opaco ſolo conflatur; ſed <lb></lb>opus eſt aliqua, vel modica præſentia lucis; aliter idem foret, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> opacum. </s> <s>attamen à dominante nun<lb></lb>cupatur non ens, & eius productio cauſſæ priuanti adſcribitur; quia dominatur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur vis benefi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4574"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cia Dei per cęlum <expan abbr="cõmunicetur">communicetur</expan> reb. quæ ſunt infra Lunam; & Cęlum eam contribuat per <expan abbr="lumẽ">lumen</expan>, & mo<lb></lb>tum, ab eis verò pręcipuè <expan abbr="proximeq́">proximeque</expan>. </s> <s>calor oriatur, qui per vniuerſum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad centrum terræ diffundi<lb></lb>tur, ſed eò languidius, quò magis à cęlo diſcedit; nec <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> deſerat corpora. </s> <s>is verò <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas, <lb></lb>vt inſtrumentum tamen cęleſtis ſubſtantię contineat, <expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> certas formas. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> modica illius <lb></lb>participatio frigus efficiet, quæ tametſi ad huiuſce ſpeciei <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan> ſatis; at nihil ad ſenſum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>ad immutationem rerum, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic operatur, quatenus eſt ſenſilis, ſed per virtutem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> de<lb></lb>fert è cęlo, & ſublimior eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt moueat ſenſus. </s> <s>Proinde dicemus, frigus non eſſe ſimpliciter non ens; ne<lb></lb>que frigiditatem, ex qua terra exiſtit, eſſe priuationem ſimpliciter; ſed propter participationem <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <lb></lb>caloris cęleſtis eſſe ens, & actu, & poſitiuum, ob <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> cauſſam nihil illi repugnare, quominus <lb></lb>ſit differentia: nanque & anima, & ſenſu, & ratione carens, tametſi ſunt per ſeipſa priuationes, at<lb></lb>tamen non ſunt ſimpliciter non entia, ac ſi ſimpliciter non entia forent, vtique differentiæ non eſſent, <lb></lb>ſed ſunt etiam, quia ſupponitur illis ens, vt ſenſu pollens rationis impoti; & ex ea priuatione potius <lb></lb>ſignificatur terminus eius in quo ſenſus eſt; quaſi ſolus ſenſus in eo ponatur. </s> <s>Sicut ergo ille qui cauſ<lb></lb>ſas afferens nigri meminerit tantummodo de opaco; nihil de lucido, & in eo cauſſam priuantem ſolam <lb></lb>collocauerit, nullam de lucido mentionem fecerit, quae hoc dominatur, & per eius dominum differt ni<lb></lb>grum ab aliis colorib. (quatenus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> lucidum participant, nihil profectò differunt) ſic dicemus Ariſto <pb pagenum="781"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4575"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>telem, elementorum inferiorum naturam explanare <expan abbr="volẽtem">volentem</expan>, cauſſam dominantem, & per quam à re<lb></lb>liquis ſeparantur, expreſsiſſe, alteram reticuiſſe quæ eſt <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>. </s> <s>Frigus ergo priuationem & non ens <lb></lb>ſimpliciter eſſe negabimus: ac ſiquo pacto non ens appellare libeat, in eum ſenſum licebit, quo teſtaba<lb></lb>tur Socrates apud Xenophontem <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> peccata committere eſſe nihil agere: & tamen malus incendit vr<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4576"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bes, violat & rapit, quæ omnes ſunt actiones: non eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id nihil agere prorſus, ſed eo tanquam limite <lb></lb>conſtituto quod eſt ſecundùm naturam; cuius ſignum, quia ſit homo quantunlibet vitioſus, eſt tamen <lb></lb>meliore conditione, quam ſtirpes. </s> <s>Sic igitur perſpectaui cęli quę in ſuperiora benigniſsimè confertur, <lb></lb>id quod eam minimè participat, & malum & non ens non ineptè nuncupabitur: erit tamen ſimpliciter <lb></lb>ens, & per illum actum qui communicatur à cęlo, ſeparabitur à materia prima. </s> <s>quapropter ille erit pri<lb></lb>mus, atque infimus formę gradus, quo natura incipit euehi à priuatione & materia ad Deum. </s> <s>O. M. <lb></lb>Proinde ex eo dicemus frigidum cogitatione quidem poſſe comprehendi ſummum, ideſt, ab omni ca<lb></lb>loris gradu liberatum, quod ſit pura priuatio, & inſideat in materia; ſed naturam hoc ipſum minimè <lb></lb>tolerare; nihil enim eſt quod non afficiat plus minus've calor cęleſtis. </s> <s>Sit igitur in natura ſummum quae <lb></lb>primum <expan abbr="infimumq́">infimumque</expan>. </s> <s>caloris gradum admittat. </s> <s>Et quanquam dicitur glacies omnimoda priuatio calo<lb></lb>ris, & perſuadet nos naturæ progreſſus, dum glacies terram verſus contendit, etiam frigus in terra in<lb></lb>tentius eſſe, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus ineſſe in ea caloris ab aſtris impertiti, accipito in eam partem, vt ita deſcri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4577"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>batur exuperantia frigoris cum qua minimum caloris in natura conſiſtit, & eiuſmodi cuius actus om<lb></lb>nino ſileat propter impotentiam: is verò magis glaciei quàm terræ negatur; ſiquidem magis ſenſile ſit <lb></lb>frigus in glacie, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in terra propter aquæ participationem cuius beneficio magis adhæret ad organum <lb></lb>ſenſus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi calori ſemper adnexus eſt humor; idem iudicium quo ad ſenſus & actiones de humi<lb></lb>do faciendum, vt quemadmodum ſilet actus caloris, ſic etiam humoris actus iaceat proſtratus: quan<lb></lb>quam humor non niſi in aqua ſentitur, & per modum priuationis ex oppoſito ſicco.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4564"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4565"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4566"></margin.target>a 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>Anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4567"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4568"></margin.target>b 2. de an. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. de part. <lb></lb>anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4569"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4570"></margin.target>a 5. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4571"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4572"></margin.target>b 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4573"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4574"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4575"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4576"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>reb. </s> <s>mem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4577"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm primæ qualitates materiam perſpecies afficiant, an ſpecie nihil opus ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Caput XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED de formis elementorum ſatis: redeamus ad qualitates. </s> <s>Nam cùm meminerimus de eo, quae & <lb></lb>cum materia, & ſine materia per affectionem <expan abbr="cõmunicantur">communicantur</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="mutuã">mutuam</expan> corporum perpeſsione <lb></lb>confert noſſe, materiam'ne per ſpecies primæ qualitates afficiant, annon. </s> <s>& id nunc ſpeculemur. </s> <s>id ve<lb></lb>rò ſibi vult quæſtio, an'ne ea quæ vim habent alterandi, proximè ſubiectum, immutent ipſum <expan abbr="traducẽ-do">traducen<lb></lb>do</expan> de poteſtate quali ad actu quale cum eius perturbatione, an ſpecies quædam nulla ipſius <expan abbr="cõmotio-">commotio<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4578"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne præcedente recipiatur in medio, velut in pellucido colores; & multi philoſophi de hac re acerrimè <lb></lb>altercantur. </s> <s>Nam quae ſint eiuſmodi ſpecies cum eorum quæ ſub intelligentiam cadunt, tum item <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> <lb></lb>quorum eſt ſenſus, ea docent quæ vberrimè expoſuit Ariſt. </s> <s>& in libris de animo, & in libro de motu <lb></lb>animalium, ac nos ſuper iis locis vniuerſam illarum naturam pro virili illuſtrauimus. </s> <s>ſed iis poſitis agi<lb></lb>tur nunc de modo quo primæ qualitates afficiunt generatim, & res animatas & inanimas; & <expan abbr="vtrũ">vtrum</expan> om<lb></lb>nis alteratio per id genus ſpecies & formas adminiſtretur, quemadmodum nonnulli è Latinis opinan<lb></lb>tur, an non. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perſpicuum ſit ſpeciem conceptam caloris & frigoris in animali conſimiles produ<lb></lb>cere qualitates, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita noſtrarum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> motionum cauſſas eſſe, necnon omnis ferè artificij; adde <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>illarum notarum, quæ ex attrectatione certæ partis ob aërem cuiuſpiam rei cupidinem octauo menſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> contrahuntur in fętib. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſint immunes ab hoc officio reliquæ formæ rerum ſenſilium: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & hæ neceſſariò requiruntur ad ſenſuum functiones quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> re obiecta, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> propria materia <lb></lb>fundatur, in medio & inſtrumento ſine materia recipi conuenit: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id dubitatur, ſed de hoc cèrtè li<lb></lb>tes extant, quòd <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> illas interuenire putant ad obeundas actiones naturales, vt quae calidum. </s> <s>impri<lb></lb>mat in medio ſpeciem, & per ſpeciem calefaciat ea quæ longius diſtant. </s> <s>& rem ita eſſe probare conan<lb></lb>tur plurib. rationib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſignis. </s> <s>Primum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquiunt <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit in lebete igni appoſito, prius in ſummo <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in fundo calefieri: quinetiam feruente aqua lebetis eius <expan abbr="fundũ">fundum</expan> ſe frigidum experiri: eſſe verò hæc ſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4579"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gna certiſsima, quòd actiones materiæ non imprimantur, nec cum eius tranſmutatione fiant, ſed per <lb></lb>ſpecies ſolas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id eſt peculiare actionis illius quam realem vocant, vt prius afficiatur id quod pro<lb></lb>pè eſt, tùm id quod longius, abeſt, vt fit in motu: prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouetur baculus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> lapis quem baculo mo<lb></lb>ueo. </s> <s>Prætereà ſiquis acceſſerit ad ignim, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> valde incaluerit, aliquo tamen caſu repellatur aër in<lb></lb>teriectus, ſi medio reipſa calor, & <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> materiæ fuiſſet impreſſus; eo <expan abbr="cõmoto">commoto</expan> <expan abbr="cõmoueretur">commoueretur</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> calor: <lb></lb>atqui nihil <expan abbr="cõmouetur">commouetur</expan> eo, quòd ſi ſpatio temporis abſoluitur alteratio, vbi <expan abbr="cõmoueatur">commoueatur</expan> calor, non po<lb></lb>terit ab igni continuè ſuppeditari, ſed illo abeunte cum aëre, cui fuerat incuſſus, ad nouum <expan abbr="efficiendũ">efficiendum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> temporis interuentu opus eſſet. </s> <s>quòd ſi iugiter ſuppetit, ergo per ſpeciem ſolùm, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> per <lb></lb>materiam <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>. </s> <s>Adiiciunt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> opera antiperiſtaſeos in qua putant augeri, & vt proprio re voca<lb></lb>bulo vtamur, intendi qualitatem citra omne officium corporis. </s> <s>Adde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, ſi libet: quia niſi per ſpecies <lb></lb>calor produci poſſet: certè cuiuſpiam rei acceſsione fieret maior; quod tamen à nob antea magna con<lb></lb>tentione <expan abbr="confutatũ">confutatum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Attamen ex altera parte qualitates, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aliquid eſt contrarium, & inter quas <lb></lb>ratio poteſtatis, & actus proximè obſeruatur; ſunt verò primæ; in his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio repaſsionis agnoſcitur; <lb></lb>neſcióne an per ſpecies ſolas inter ſe afficiant: nam foret, niſi fallor, vt interdum ſpecies, quatenus ſpe<lb></lb>cies ſe viciſsim conquaſſarent: quia nullus eſt locus, nec vlla pars ſubiecti quæ non <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> contrarij <lb></lb>ſpeciei reddatur obnoxia, <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> vires eiuſmodi qualitatum protendantur: ſpecies <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per ſe, ta <pb pagenum="782"></pb>metſi vim obtinent agendi, <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inter ſe afficiunt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pati teſte <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Philoſopho <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vllo modo <expan abbr="queũt">queunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4580"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4581"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quòd cùm contraria ſint; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam ad ſeſe viciſsim in potentia; adeſt verò hæc propter <lb></lb>materiam, non video quo pacto, ſi præſtò ſit agens, & materia probè affecta, atque alia omnia optimè <lb></lb>diſpoſita, quæ ad actionem requiruntur, aliquando impediatur actio quę certè non impediretur, ſi per <lb></lb>ſpeciem ad longum interuallum transfundi poſſet: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in primis qualitatib. euenire videtur, vt <lb></lb>in lumine & colore quæ à corporib. opacis interpellantur, quae in eo genere aliquid eſt in natura quod <lb></lb>lumini & colori non ſit peruium: ſed in genere corporum naturalium nihil eſt quod expers ſit pote<lb></lb>ſtatis ad primas qualitates. </s> <s>quamobrem cuncta illarum ſpecies admitterent, & <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> propagaretur al<lb></lb>teratio. </s> <s>Illud planè fatebor aliquando imprimi qualitatem ſine vlla <expan abbr="cõmotione">commotione</expan> illius materiæ quæ ſit <lb></lb>poteſtate ſubſtantia, quatenus huiuſmodi; ſed eius ſolùm quæ potentia qualis eſt; <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ponimus eſſe <lb></lb>quæ ineſt per affectionem: quae verò ſine illa materiæ tranſmutatione, quam realem <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>; prorſus à pri<lb></lb>mis qualitatib. actio naſcatur; equidem <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> fatebor. </s> <s>Si verò tale genus alterationis & qualitatis <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>eſt per affectionem, ipſi fieri per ſpecies autument, non ad modùm contendam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> rationes, & argu<lb></lb>menta <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> illi contra hanc partem problematis vtuntur, admodùm neceſſaria ſunt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item, quod <lb></lb>maius eſt, conuincunt propoſitum. </s> <s>Etenim quantum eſt de primo illo quod experientia lebetis oſten<lb></lb>debat; dicimus eo nomine non minus debere calefieri ſecundùm, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſummum: nam quemadmodum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4582"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>formæ quæ materia conſiſtunt, proximo prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> remoto imprimuntur, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſpecies <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> & per <lb></lb>ſe viciniora afficiunt, & ſiquo pacto longinquius efficaciores apparent; id valde fortuitum eſt; vt quae ſtu<lb></lb>pa ponè phialam magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ante comburat. </s> <s>Et id quod per accidens ſuccedit, vt per ſe eueniens <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan>: <lb></lb>nimirùm, quae in fundo caleat aqua minus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in ſummo. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> peruertunt illam experientiam. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>quæſiuit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> habet talem ſenſum. </s> <s>cur dum adhuc friget aqua lebetis, fundus ipſius calefit, ea verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4583"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>feruente refrigeratur. </s> <s>Falſum ergo eſt id quod aſſumunt, nempe aquę partem ſuperiorem prius, <expan abbr="q̃ imã">quam imam</expan> <lb></lb>calidam offerri; <expan abbr="dicendumq́">dicendumque</expan>. </s> <s>ad id eſt, quemadmodum ibi etiam docet Ariſtoteles; eius euenti cauſſam <lb></lb>eſſe: quia dum aqua frigida eſt; & ignis fundum pertingit, caliditas ab aquæ frigiditate reſtringitur; id <lb></lb>circo ſeſe colligit in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, nec exhalare poteſt. </s> <s>at cùm feruet aqua, nil amplius vetat, quominus illa ex<lb></lb>halet quæ iam incaluit: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ad ſummum vaſis effertur imas partes frigídiuſculas relinquens. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>eſto etiam quae experientia quam illi afferunt, vera ſit, Ariſtotelis auctoritate ſemota, ab eadem quoque <lb></lb>cauſſa deriuatur illa proprietas; quia .ſ. </s> <s>dum aqua incaleſcit, partes quæ iam calorem expertæ fuerunt, <lb></lb>attolluntur: cæterùm non prohibet hoc, quinetiam materia combiberit qualitatem. </s> <s>Cùm opponunt <lb></lb>nos etiam flantib. ventis, & partes aëris quę ſunt inter nos & ignem <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> mouente, calorem admittere, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> <lb></lb>medio propter breuitatem temporis incuti non potuerit, eos decipi putamus ex eo, quae propter <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> <lb></lb>propenſionem ad calorem, & alias contrarias qualitates ipſius aëris immutatio tam minimo tempore <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4584"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fiat, vt fugiat ſenſum. </s> <s>Et illud omnino inficiandum fieri antiperiſtaſin per retroceſsionem & gemina<lb></lb>tionem puræ qualitatis; etenim fit per retroceſsionem corporum contraria qualitate affectorum è quo<lb></lb>rum multitudine & coniunctione naſcitur actio quæ ſit efficacior. </s> <s>Nec proptereà calor intentior ita <lb></lb>fit, quia res aliqua extrinſecùs accedat: nam quod in intentione accedit, cum materia non eſt; ſed indu<lb></lb>citur in materiam per potentiam quæ continetur in ea, quemadmodum diximus, dum cauſſas intentio<lb></lb>nis indagaremus. </s> <s>Concludemus igitur non eſſe perpetuam neceſsitatem eiuſmodi formarum quas vt <lb></lb>inſtrumenta perpetua primarum qualitatum ponere oporteat: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id, quatenus in materia ſenſili ver<lb></lb>ſantur. </s> <s>Nam quod attinet ad ſenſus permouendos, dubium eſſe non debet, quin formæ citra mate<lb></lb>riam poni debeant. </s> <s>Sed de his alio loco dicendum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4578"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4579"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4580"></margin.target>a 1. de Ge. <lb></lb>T. 51.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4581"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4582"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4583"></margin.target>b 24. ſect. <lb></lb></s> <s>Probl. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4584"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Afficiatur'ne indiuiduum, & quemadmodum. </s> <s>Caput XXXIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVALITATEM niſi ſenſilem, & in magnitudine appellari & nos ſæpius ſumpſimus, & <expan abbr="non-nunq̃">non<lb></lb>nunquae</expan> docuit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> indiuiduo qualitas ineſſe non poteſt. </s> <s>Cùm ergo ad qualitatem ſit alte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4585"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratio; planum quae indiuiduum nequit alterari: & auctore Alexandro indiuiduum; quatenus huiuſmo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4586"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di, generaliter immobile eſſe defenſum: Sed cùm multiplex ſit indiuiduum; & variis modis conſidera<lb></lb>ri queat: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel per ſe exiſtens, vel in alio, vt terminus: de eo ſanè, quod per ſe exiſtit; immobile eſ<lb></lb>ſe partim demonſtrauimus antea, partim poſteà concludetur: reſtat alterum quod non ſeparatur à cor<lb></lb>pore: hoc de loco per ſe moueri non poſſe vidimus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuprà: cęterùm cum corpore moueri non ne<lb></lb>gauimus. </s> <s>inſtar nunc, vt propter philoſophorum controuerſias (nam mens Ariſtotelis fatis clara eſt) <lb></lb>inquiramus ſit'ne obnoxium motui ſecundùm quale; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id veſtigemus, poſsit'ne, quatenus <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> <lb></lb>eo genere motus agi; tùm deinde an etiam per accidens, & cum corpore mutet qualitatem: nam de <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> problemate ſeorſum nonnulla ſuccurrunt quæ notari debeant. </s> <s>Ac primùm quidem quae per ſe in<lb></lb>diuiduum non afficiatur, illa ſignificant quæ 6. Phyſ. teſtatus eſt Ariſtoteles, vbi nonmodò de loco mo<lb></lb>ueri non poſſe docuit indiuiduum, ſed etiam nec moueri ſecundùm formam. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>per neceſſarium eſ<lb></lb>ſe puto, quandoquidem motus omnis flagitat poteſtatem quandam in ſubiecto, quod eſt monendum <lb></lb>atqui poteſtas omnis à materia deriuatur, eam diſtantia perpetuò conſequitur. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſtat Ariſtote<lb></lb>lis ſententia: quicquid cæteris motib. agitatur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de loco moueri. </s> <s>Sed cùm de loco non moueatur in<lb></lb>diuiduum, nullo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> modo affici credendum eſt. </s> <s>Veruntamen ita eſto, vt nuper oſtendimus: at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ideo <lb></lb>pellitur omnis ſuſpicio, quin adhuc moueatur indiuiduum. </s> <s>Dicet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> renitens aduerſarius id quidem <lb></lb>quod diuidi poteſt, eſſe obnoxium mutationi, quoniam reapſe indiuiduum à diuiduo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſegregetur, <pb pagenum="783"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4587"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed cogitatione ſola: ex quo effici, vt ex euento cum diuiduo moueatur, ſed tamen etiam per ſe moue<lb></lb>tur indiuiduum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt ſi natura ſepararet indiuiduum, ad huc per ſe moueri poſſet. </s> <s>Signo illud <lb></lb>eſt, quae habet operationem propriam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> locus definitur extrema ſuperficie corporis, quod contine<lb></lb>tur, & coloris eſſentia ducitur à ſuperficie: proinde color in ſuperficie gignitur, nec extra ſuperficiem <lb></lb>conſiſtit: ideò mutato colore mutatur etiam ſuperficies. </s> <s>Necnon ſuperficies illuſtratur à lumine, & <lb></lb>lumen à ſuperficie retorquetur, & ab hac prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à corpore, vt per hanc ipſam eiuſmodi euenta in cor<lb></lb>pore ineſſe cenſeantur. </s> <s>At verò in illa continuo recideremus, quæ magno conatu ab Ariſtotele 6. Phyſ. <lb></lb>confecta ſunt: nempe eodem temporis puncto indiuiduum fore in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> termino motus, & effici, vt <lb></lb>motus, & tempus inter ſe non congruant, ſi motus puncto temporis obeatur, tempus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> adhuc in infi<lb></lb>nitum diuidi poſsit. </s> <s>Tùm hæc dicere eſt ignorare duplex eſſe ſubiectum accidentis, vnum quod primò <lb></lb>excipiat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum cuius ſit aliquod primum excipiens: & illud primum, & ſi cauſſa eſt, vel inſtru<lb></lb>mentum excipiendi, non tamen excipere: poſtremum hoc illud eſſe quod excipit, licèt per aliud. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem corpus ineſt in loco per ſuperficiem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſuperficies eſt in loco, & corpus in ſuperfi<lb></lb>cie coloratum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſuperficies ipſa colorata. </s> <s>& in puncto repercutitur radius, non tamen à puncto, <lb></lb>ſed à corpore in puncto, vel per punctum & ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Ac ſi in hunc ſenſum accipias illud dictum, <lb></lb>tibi fortaſſe dabimus indiuiduum moueri & alterari, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiectum, vt aiunt, inhæſionis, & prædica<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4588"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem cauſſæ fatebimur eſſe, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> cum corpore, cuius eſt terminus, nullo autem modo per <lb></lb>ſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illa obſtabunt quæ Marſilius opponebat. </s> <s>Alteratio non eſt ibi collocanda, vbi nec qualitas <lb></lb>conſiſtere poſsit qua terminetur. </s> <s>Sed in indiuiduo qualitas conſiſtere nequit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nec alteratio <expan abbr="tribuẽ-da">tribuen<lb></lb>da</expan> eſt indiuiduo. </s> <s>In indiuiduo verò ponere qualitatem non licet, ne qualitas finita ſimul, <expan abbr="infinitaq́">infinitaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, <lb></lb>ac finita quidem ex hypotheſi: infinita verò ſit neceſſe eſt ob eam cauſſam, quia quo plus de qualita<lb></lb>te quadam accedit alteri ſuppoſitæ qualitati, eò magis augeſcit, vt ſi quantitati pedali altera pedalis ad<lb></lb>datur. </s> <s>Pone ergo totam quandam qualitatem in puncto, ſicut à quantitate ad punctum eſt proportio <lb></lb>quaſi infiniti ad finitum, ſic qualitatis pedalis ad eam quæ eſt in puncto, erit exuperantia, quaſi infiniti <lb></lb>ad finitum. </s> <s>Deinde non agit indiuiduum: nec patitur igitur: nam ſi ageret; aut afficeret proximum, <lb></lb>aut remotum; non illud, quòd affectio & actio fiant per contactum: at puncti non eſt tangere eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>diuiduum, vt didiciſti in libris de motu: non hoc: quia quo magis detrahitur de quanto, eò quoque <lb></lb>de agentis efficacitate diminuitur. </s> <s>etenim minus longè vites ſuas <expan abbr="transfundit̃">transfunditur</expan>: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi fingas ad pun<lb></lb>ctum vſque contractum eſſe qualitatem, nil vtique poterit in diſtans. </s> <s>Tertiò denſitas & raritas alte<lb></lb>rationi comitantur; hæc autem indiuiduo repugnant. </s> <s>Tùm poſtremò in puncto calor: in corpore in<lb></lb>finita puncta: & calores igitur infiniti. </s> <s>Nam præter illa quæ perperam aſſumpta fuerunt; aduerſus no<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4589"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtram poſitionem non intenduntur. </s> <s>In primo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſumitur, dum contrahitur qualitas, aut forma ſimpli<lb></lb>citer; eam augeſcere: augeſcit ſanè; & redditur efficacior; ſi adſit eadem materiæ multitudo, & ita ve<lb></lb>rum eſt quod dicitur, virtutem collectam eſſe robuſtiorem ſeipſa diſsipata, ſed hîc extentio decreſcit, <lb></lb>dum qualitas redit ad punctum. </s> <s>Prætereà falsò enunciatum; quo magis de formæ extentione <expan abbr="minuit̃">minuitur</expan>, <lb></lb>eò minus longè vires diffundi, quandò etiam fieri poteſt, vt gradus excreſcat: & eius beneficio vis for<lb></lb>mæ longius propagetur, nonmodò intentius agat, vt experientia <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> monſtrat, ſed generàtim omnes <lb></lb>iſtæ rationes continent fallaciam à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Nam cùm illa omnia poſita fuerint <lb></lb>à nobis in puncto, & ſuperficie, dum adhuc eſt in corpore; & quatenus cauſſæ, & ſubiecta inhæſionis, <lb></lb>& per accidens, argumenta aſſumunt punctum per ſe & ſeparatum, atque ſimpliciter; & id efficiunt <lb></lb>ſimpliciter quod nos quodammodo ineſſe volumus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4585"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>ſenſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4586"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4587"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4588"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4589"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quędam de alteratione generalia tractantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>RESTANT illa de alteratione generalia, primum de comparatione .ſ. </s> <s>& proportione. </s> <s>Alterum <lb></lb>verò, quoniam fieri ſic diſtributum fuerat; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt eſſet, & fiens: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> interpretor <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενοι,</foreign>, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4590"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod fit, reſpondet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illi, quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">ὃ γίνεται</foreign>. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne in eo quod eſt alterari termini <expan abbr="modiq́">modique</expan>. </s> <s>pares <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4591"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſint, vt <foreign lang="grc">ἀλλοιοῦσθαι, τὸ ἀλλοιούμενον, & ὃ ἀλλοιοῦται</foreign>. </s> <s>& idem de latione & <expan abbr="incremẽto">incremento</expan> dici queat, nec'ne. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quantum ſpectat ad primum; eædem ſanè regulæ obſeruandæ quas de lationum collatione tractan<lb></lb>tes attulimus, vt .ſ. </s> <s>vniuoca conferantur, & quæ conueniunt in ſpecie indiuidua: accipiunt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eadem <lb></lb>harum mutationum primordia, ſubiectum, efficiens, & tempus quæ generatim in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motu requi<lb></lb>runtur. </s> <s>Canones verò <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> horum motuum proportio comprehenditur, fermè pares iis ſunt quos ad<lb></lb>lationem quondam attulimus. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex eiſdem fontib. emanent, vnde hauriebantur illi qui de la<lb></lb>tione conſtituti fuerunt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eiſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dubitationib. implicantur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eadem via defendentur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> cùm ipſa priuatim nihil afferant ad ea quæ de latione diſputata ſunt, non ob aliud ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele ſeparatim tradita fuiſſe videantur, niſi ad doctrinæ abundantiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igitur plura de his. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb>verò ad alterum pertinet, apparet profectò non eſſe eandem rationem eius quod fit, & eius quod alte<lb></lb>ratur, ſeu <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> alio modo mouetur; quod eo mirabilius cuipiam videri poſsit, quo etiam fieri, & <lb></lb>fiens, & quod fit per omne motuum genus peruagatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & nigrum fit album, & <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> fit. </s> <s>Ea cer<lb></lb>tè mihi diſcriminis huiuſce cauſſa videtur; quae <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi idem ſint alterari, ſeu moueri ad albedinem, & fieri <lb></lb>album; longè alia tamen ratio, & formula qua res ipſæ ſunt, ea voce ſignificetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea ſit quæ eſt al<lb></lb>terari, ſiue augeri: nam fieri intuetur id quod eſt eſſe. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſicut ex eo quod eſt eſſe, notatur <lb></lb>ratio quædam ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, & accidentis, licèt ea non ſit vniuoca, ſic prorſus promotio ad tale <pb pagenum="784"></pb>genus ipſius eſſe indicatur per eam vocem fieri: ſed eſſe primo ſignificat id quod per ſe conſiſtere vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4592"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>detur, quod in ſubſtantia ſimpliciter eſt, in reliquis non ſimpliciter, ſed cùm declinatione quadam, ita <lb></lb>tamen vt aliquam imaginem ſubſtantiæ referant; ex quo efficitur vt in certo genere collocentur; appel<lb></lb>lationem ſubſtantię, vt cùm abſtracta ſumuntur, accipiant, conſequantur quid eſt, & definitioni ſubij<lb></lb>ciantur. </s> <s>proinde & fieri conuenit accidentib. quoad entia ſtatuuntur: ſed habent prætereà ſingula <lb></lb>prædicamenta quendam modum quo ſunt, & quo per voces exprimuntur, qui <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> proprius eſt, <lb></lb>& cuius beneficio verè accidentia ſunt: hunc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modum deſignari dico vocib. illis alterari, ſiue auge<lb></lb>ri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id tibi obſiſtat, quae per has voces exponatur motus: quando etiam motus à forma ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-tendit">con<lb></lb>tendit</expan>, non aliter diſcrepet, àc in modo ſignificandi; cùm forma rem extra omnem fluxum; motus verò <lb></lb>eandem rem cum fluxu deſignet. </s> <s>Quòd ſi forma ex his eſt qua alij ſubiecto, & quod extra ſuum ge<lb></lb>nus ſit, innanitatur, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iudicium de motu faciendum eſt ad talem formam. </s> <s>Sic & ea quæ <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>exprimunt hos formarum modos; ſubſtantias pro ſubiecto requirunt: & cùm aliquid ipſis ex<lb></lb>tra ſuum genus ſupponatur; in ea notione fit, vt abſolutè exprimi nequeant. </s> <s>Quocirca augeri non ſi<lb></lb>gnificat fieri quantitatem, & alterari fieri qualitatem, ſed ſubſtantiam fieri quantam & qualem; & alte<lb></lb>rari, & augeri. </s> <s>non alteratur qualitas, nec quantitas creſcit, ſed fit quantitas, & qualitas. </s> <s>Ergo fieri & eſ<lb></lb>ſe, quae abſolutam quandam naturam præſeferunt; ſimpliciter pronuntiari poſſunt, & à ſignificanda ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia transferri ad accidens ea ex parte qua ſubſtantiæ vis in ipſo elucet. </s> <s>ita dicitur homo fit, & ho<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4593"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mo eſt, & fit, & eſt album: ſed augeri & alterari ſubſtantiæ ſoli conueniunt, & <expan abbr="accidẽtia">accidentia</expan> monſtrant, quo <lb></lb>ad ſunt in ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Liceat autem mihi nunc digredi parumper, dum è re nata cauſſam cuiuſdam lo<lb></lb>cutionis expono quam vſurpauit 1. de Phyſica auſcultatione Philoſophus, & ex illa loquendi formu<lb></lb>la, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à noto nob. </s> <s>principia naturalis mutationis indagauit. </s> <s>id verò eſt: quoniam fieri & eſſe ſeor<lb></lb>ſeorſum, & coniunctim pronuntiantur: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> referant illam rationem quæ pertinet ad ſubſtantiam, <lb></lb>quia ſubſtantia videtur alia poſſe reſpicere quæ in ſe ipſa accipiat: nam præter id, quòd ſignificat eſſe <lb></lb>per ſe, præſefert etiam vim ſubiecti, vnde item ſubiectum maximè ſubſtantia prohibetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id iudi<lb></lb>cio veterum ſolùm, ſed auctoritate <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> præceptoris noſtri, & ratione, inde igitur fit, vt per ea verba ſigni<lb></lb>ficetur aliud quiddam quod ſubſtantiæ tribui poſsit: quare & abſolutè & coniunctim ſumitur, & fie<lb></lb>ri & eſſe homo dicitur, & fieri & eſſe homo albus. </s> <s>Hactenus de alteratione generatim diſputatum eſt: <lb></lb>niſi quid aliud reſtet, quod aptiore loco ſit explanandum. </s> <s>Mox ad ea tranſeamus quæ alterationem <lb></lb>conſequuntur, vt iis expoſitis finem habeat explicatio mutationum omnium quæ propriæ ſunt re<lb></lb>rum caducarum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4590"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4591"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4592"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4593"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur propria notio contactus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4594"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4594"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ALTERATIONIS vſus in natura frequentiſsimus eſt: nam præterquàm quae per eam produci<lb></lb>tur qualitas quæ eſt forma <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> & aliquid actus intra ſe habens eſt ex ordine bonorum, mul<lb></lb>tum confert ad <expan abbr="afficiendã">afficiendam</expan> materiam, vt habilis ſit ad <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> formam ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>& maximum ha<lb></lb>bet <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> ad id, vt mixta & animata præcipuè conſiſtant quæ <expan abbr="potiſsimã">potiſsimam</expan> partem occupant ſpecula<lb></lb>tionis naturalis. </s> <s>Cùm igitur anteà docuerimus, quemadmodum qualitate <expan abbr="terminet̃">terminetur</expan>, & quo pacto <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan> apparet ad productionem ſubſtantiæ, tranſeamus ad id <expan abbr="explicandũ">explicandum</expan> quod reſtat; nempè, vt ſeruiat <lb></lb>mixtioni. </s> <s>Porrò cauſſæ mixtionis multæ, materia quæ ſunt <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> quæ cùm ſint corpora imperfecta, <lb></lb>plus obtinent poteſtatis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> actus; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>vergunt ad natura perfectius. </s> <s>finis contentio ad formas perfe<lb></lb>ctiores: efficiens eſt cęlum remotè, proximè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primæ qualitates, quatenus propter repugnantiam in<lb></lb>ter ſeſe proſternunt, & proſtratæ <expan abbr="conciliant̃">conciliantur</expan>, quæ ſunt vel actuoſæ vt calor & frigus, vel patibiles vt ſic<lb></lb>citas, & humor. </s> <s>Forma coniunctio, & concordia ſub certa proportione. </s> <s>Quod pertinet ad finem & <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, res expeditu facilis, & cùm per ſe perſpicua ſit, <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> doctoris non flagitat: de efficiente co<lb></lb>piosè diſputabimus in Meteoris. </s> <s>reſtat, vt de forma diſſeramus: res ſanè quæ explicatus habet difficil<lb></lb>limos, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id maximè <expan abbr="curã">curam</expan> nobis affert, vt exploremus, vtrùm intereuntia, an etiam conſeruata, & alte<arrow.to.target n="marg4595"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rata ſolùm efficiant <expan abbr="mixtionẽ">mixtionem</expan>, & vtrùm miſtura ſit alteratorum, an etiam corruptorum concordia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Huc igitur traducamus <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> cogitationem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>, & <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan>, ſi potis eſt, ſedulò explanemus. </s> <s>Cęterùm quia <lb></lb>mixtio non, niſi per <expan abbr="mutuã">mutuam</expan> <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan>, <expan abbr="repaſsionemq́">repaſsionemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, illud erit anteà <expan abbr="diſquirendũ">diſquirendum</expan>, <lb></lb>quemadmodum mutua perpeſsio, ſiue repaſsio quam Gręci nuncupare proprio nomine ſolent <foreign lang="grc">ἀντι<lb></lb>πάθειαν</foreign>, fiat inter elementa: cùm verò repaſsio ſine contactu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> obeatur; ab huius explicatione mox <lb></lb>ordiemur, & per analyſin inuenta <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> tractandarum materia, ab eo quod vltimo loco in <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> venit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſermonẽ">ſermonem</expan> noſtrum auſpicabimur. </s> <s>Quia, verò plures ſunt res, <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s>differentiæ, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vocabula quibus <lb></lb>ipſas exprimimus, & ſæpe fit, vt eiſdem nominibus vti cogamur ad diuerſas res alteri ſignificandas, vbi <lb></lb>hæc in <expan abbr="diſputationẽ">diſputationem</expan> producendæ ſint, ante alia diſtinguantur oportet: aliter animus auditoris, à tanta <lb></lb><expan abbr="notionũ">notionum</expan> nominis vnius varietate perturbatus confundi poſſet: cùm id eueniat in tactum; cum primis <lb></lb>erit in ſua ſignificata diſtinguendus, quæ ſanè multa ſunt, ſed eiuſmodi tamen, vt <expan abbr="nõnihil">nonnihil</expan> ordinis inter <lb></lb>ea ſpectari valeat. </s> <s>A primo igitur incipiemus quod eſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> maximè proprium, & à quo cętera dedu<lb></lb>cta ſunt. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conuenit iis quæ habent poſituram: habere autem <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> illa <expan abbr="dicunt̃">dicuntur</expan> <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> partes <lb></lb>alicubi ſitę <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, & exprimi poſſunt aduerbiis ſignificantibus <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, vtputa hîc eſt pars chartæ ſuperior, &</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4595"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Hîc Dolopum manus; hîc ſæuus tendebat Achilles:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Claſſibus hîc locus; hîc acies certare ſolebant<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s><pb pagenum="785"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4596"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& demum explicari nominibus <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> loci ſignificantibus ante, pone; ſuprà, infrà, ſiniſtrorſum, <lb></lb>dextrorſum; vnde dicebat Auerroës locum eſſe <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> priorem; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quando quidem in eius definitio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4597"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne locus accipiatur: quo fit, vt ſi <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> habeant; locum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> occupent neceſſariò. </s> <s>Sed præter id, quae <lb></lb>in loco ſunt ea quæ inter ſe tangunt, habent <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſimul extrema; ita vt abſoluta <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> primi ſignificati hæc <lb></lb>fit; vt, cùm ſint in loco, ſimul habeant extrema: ea verò magnitudines ſint neceſſe eſt: quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per<lb></lb>tinet ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, vel <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eſt, vel habet extremum: atqui non eſt per ſe in loco <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>, ſed aliud per <lb></lb>illud: at cuius extrema ſunt, ideſt neceſſariò magnitudo: illius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolius extrema ſunt, quae illa ſola eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> diuidua: igitur conuenit illi tactus; ſi partes habuerit actu; hoc eſt, habuerit actu extrema: <lb></lb>nam ſi minus; haud <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> tactus, ſed continuatio foret. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> continua differunt à contiguis, quae <expan abbr="conti-nuorũ">conti<lb></lb>nuorum</expan> extrema ſunt vnum; contiguorum verò extrema ſimul exiſtunt. </s> <s>Quocirca dictum eſt aliàs par<lb></lb>teis in toto non eſſe, vt in loco, ſed eſſe continuas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi continua locum in ſua continuitate non aſſe<lb></lb>quuntur; ab oppoſito, <expan abbr="quibuſcunq.">quibuſcunque</expan> tribuitur locus; non certè continua, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, ſed quoquo pa<lb></lb>cto contigua ſint oportet. </s> <s>Quoniam verò primæ loci differentiæ ſunt ſuprà & infrà, ſiue ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>quemadmodum illæ ſunt quas graue & leue ſimpliciter ſibi vendicarunt, ſeu <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, cuiuſmodi <lb></lb>ſunt <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> mediorum: ea verò quæ <expan abbr="morant̃">morantur</expan> in his locis ſiue ex natura, ſeu contrà, vires habent <lb></lb>inter ſe afficiendi; ſequitur, vt ea quæ ſe propriè tangunt; nonmodò <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> habeant, & in loco ſint; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4598"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verùm à ſe viciſsim diſiungantur; hoc eſt, habeant extrema ſimul, & viciſsim inter ſe afficiant, & vnà <lb></lb>agant & patiantur <foreign lang="grc">ποιεῖν & πάσχειν</foreign> vocauit Ariſtoteles & actionem ſpeciatim nos concipere voluit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Agere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & pati non idem ſunt, àc mouere & moueri; licèt conueniant in quibuſdam. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ mouent & mouentur, & ea ſimul agunt, & patiuntur, ſed mouere quid <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> eſt: nam quod <lb></lb>agit, mouet; & quicquid patitur, mouetur. </s> <s>verùm moueri latius patet <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum complectens: pati <lb></lb>verò eſt affici ſecundùm <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, & agere contrà eſt in eodem genere afficere: nam cęteroquin actio <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunior">communior</expan> eſt motu, vt in anima; ſimiliter ex motibus tonicis apparet <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõmuniorem">communiorem</expan>; ſiqui<lb></lb>dem muſculi <expan abbr="cõtendantur">contendantur</expan>, & tamen corpus, aut membrum ſtet. </s> <s>Quamobrem propriè contactus è tri<lb></lb>bus initiis <expan abbr="cõponetur">componetur</expan>, & tribus determinabitur; poſitura, extremis quę ſint actu, & efficacitate. </s> <s>quae ſiqua <lb></lb>ex his abſint; poterit <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõtactus">contactus</expan>, ſed impropriè tamen, & <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan>, vt ſi fuerint ſanè in loco, <lb></lb>neque tamen inter ſe afficiant, veluti mathematica: nam & hæc in loco ſunt, & eo modo ſunt in loco <lb></lb>quo inter ſe tangunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi ſecreta fuerint à rebus naturalibus & per ſe ſubſiſtant; illis verè conue<lb></lb>niet locus: ſi verò in mente ſola poſita fuerint; ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> locus tantùm mente, & cogitatione ſeparatus il<lb></lb>lis adſcribetur, aut ſi aliqua fuerit affectio; nihilominus in loco non exiſtat. </s> <s>idcirco iniuria quæ me ad<lb></lb>flixit; impropriè tetigiſſe <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>. </s> <s>affecit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="nuſquã">nuſquam</expan> vt in loco exiſtens & Deus O. M. impropriè tan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4599"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gitur, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> bene pro meritis <expan abbr="capit̃">capitur</expan>, aut tangitur ira. </s> <s>Idem ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Deus in loco non eſt, & tamen <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> <lb></lb>tangere creditur, & cum eo ſimul eſſe, aut potius <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; proptereà tangit impropriè. </s> <s>Sed & impropriè <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tactus illis <expan abbr="concedit̃">conceditur</expan> quæ cùm corpora ſint, & occupent locum, necnon habeant extrema ſimul; <lb></lb>ex iis tamen <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> afficiat, contrà <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab altero non afficiatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ἁπτεσθαι</foreign> propriè notat <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan>, vnde <foreign lang="grc">ἁπτόμεν</foreign> dicuntur numero multitudinis, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> numero vnius <foreign lang="grc">ἁπτόμενον</foreign>, ideò <expan abbr="mu-tuũ">mu<lb></lb>tuum</expan> quid inter illa <expan abbr="deſiderat̃">deſideratur</expan> afficiendo, & agendo: ſic cęlum quod afficit inferiora corpora, & in loco <lb></lb>eſt quoquomodo, & habet extrema ſimul, ignis <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> tangens, non tamen propriè tangit. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vbi ſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> ſenſile, vt caminus ignis, & infundatur aquæ gutta; tactus hic erit impropriè: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ignis ſolus <lb></lb>tanget, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> viciſsim tangetur. </s> <s>afficiet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm; non contrà afficietur. </s> <s>Proinde vbi maxima fuerit exu<lb></lb>peratio <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, exiſtimandum non eſt ibi miniſtrari mixturam. </s> <s>Illa ergo inter ſeſe propriè tangunt <lb></lb>quæ inter ſeſe afficiunt. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> eſt tangere <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> cum propriè, tum metaphoricè, ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt agere propriè. </s> <s>& metaphoricè. </s> <s>& propriè <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> actio inter contraria procedit: impropriè ve<lb></lb>rò inter alia quæ contraria non ſunt. </s> <s>Nam Deum <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſenſilia quanuis agere, & hoc à Deo fieri <expan abbr="dicat̃">dicatur</expan>, <lb></lb>abutimur ea voce: quamobrem <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> etiam ſub efficientis <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> cadere, & eius à quo fit motus, & ab il<lb></lb>lius definitione <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan> quæ tradita eſt 3. Phyſ. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen credendum eſt <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> agere & mouere, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4600"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficiens: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prohibet, quominus efficiat impropriè, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> à communi definitione <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan> <lb></lb>non repellitur. </s> <s>Sed illud admirabile, quae Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> conditionem impropriè, ſeparatim obſeruauit in <lb></lb>iis quæ inter ſe tangunt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in iis quę inter ſe afficiunt; cùm tamen ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> pertineret. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm ego ita <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> puto, quae frequentius vſurparetur ea vox tangi in iis quæ non verè tangunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> agere <lb></lb>& pati in iis quæ non verè agunt & patiuntur. </s> <s>Nam dicebat Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inter <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, & mobile, inter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4601"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſile & ſenſum nil planè intercedere; verùm ſe tangere; cùm tamen longo interuallo diſiuncta eſſe <lb></lb>viderentur. </s> <s>Quòd igitur mens noſtra magis perturbaretur in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> diſtinctione perſpicienda quæ ſe <expan abbr="tã-gunt">tan<lb></lb>gunt</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eorum quæ agunt & repatiuntur; animaduerſum eſt tangere <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> vſurpari, non autem <lb></lb>inter ſe afficere. </s> <s>Hoc mihi ſuccurrit in præſentia quo Ariſt. </s> <s>negligentiam purgare poſsim, cùm probè <lb></lb>nouerim <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> terminos & communiter, & propriè ſumi.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4596"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4597"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 45.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4598"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4599"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4600"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4601"></margin.target>b 7. Phyſ. <lb></lb>Tt. 11. 12.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm omne agens agat per contactum, an etiam longinquum afficere queat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VNIVERSE verò <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> agens agit per contactum, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille ſit: licèt hoc pronunciatum <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe obnoxium quibuſdam difficultatibus. </s> <s>Nam Sol afficit mundum inferiorem per medios or<lb></lb>bes quo tamen affectionis & alterationis, eius <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> quæ noxam infert, expertes eſſe cenſemus. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb>ſenſile immutat <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> per medium, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt niſi intercedat <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>; nulla certè functio ſenſus obiri <pb pagenum="786"></pb>valeat: vnde illud vulgò <expan abbr="receptũ">receptum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>ſenſile organo impoſitum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouere ſenſum, & ita eſt hoc gene<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4602"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rale, & neceſſarium, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> guſtatio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tactio quæ in proximo fieri videntur, ſine medio fiat, quae etſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> adeſt <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> externum; at illud præſtò eſt quod cùm ſit corporis noſtri pars; inſtrumento ad na<lb></lb>tum eſt, ſeu tunica ſit, ſiue aliud quodlibet. </s> <s>Tertiò vehementius imprimitur calor parieti, qui longius <lb></lb>diſtat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aeri intercepto: non igitur ex <expan abbr="cõtactu">contactu</expan> naſcetur illiuſmodi calefactio: id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex eo probamus: <lb></lb>nam ſi continuè calor ille remittatur, qui eſt in medio, ſupererit tamen aliquis gradus caloris in parie<lb></lb>te, cùm tamen nullus ſit in aëre calor reſiduus: oſtendit verò ſenſus in denſis <expan abbr="acriorẽ">acriorem</expan> concipi calorem, <lb></lb>diuturniorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in tenuibus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cauſſam reddebat Ariſtoteles, cur in ponto maiores æſtus, <expan abbr="maioraq́">maioraque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>frigora eſſent, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in reliquis locis vicinioribus accuſans aëris <expan abbr="craſsitudinẽ">craſsitudinem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem ſenſus offert nobis <lb></lb>aëris <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> celeriorem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> faciliorem: ex quo efficitur, vt aër <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> prius, quàm paries amittat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Multò etiam magis conſtat <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> ex experientia quæ ſumitur à ſpeculo concauo, vel à phiala quę <lb></lb>plena ſit aqua pura à quibus radij à Sole proiecti repercutiuntur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in vicino comburunt, ſed <lb></lb>ex certa diſtantia. </s> <s>Non omnis igitur actio <expan abbr="naſcet̃">naſcetur</expan> ex contactu: ſiquidem ea prius vri oporteret quæ <lb></lb>propinquiora ſunt. </s> <s>Et planè agens naturale prius afficere ſolet proxima, quàm remota. </s> <s>Veruntamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan> minuunt Ariſtotelis: patebit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, ſi nonnulla conſtituamus quæ naturalis philoſophus <lb></lb>ſine vllo negocio dabit. </s> <s>Horum illud præponetur. </s> <s>Agens ita immutare materiam, quia dat formam, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4603"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam habet actu, ſeu virtute; verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſemper, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cuiuis materiæ, ſed ſi rite affecta fuerit, & ex iu<lb></lb>ſta diſtantia; <expan abbr="cęteraq́">cęteraque</expan>. </s> <s>adſint quæ ad <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> requiruntur de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> olim multa enarrata fuerunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Diſtan-tiã">Diſtan<lb></lb>tiam</expan> verò dupliciter intelligimus; <expan abbr="viciniã">viciniam</expan> nimirùm agentis ad patiens, quandò formæ <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> robur, & <lb></lb>efficitas certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> cancellis, & certo ambitu qui circunferentia <expan abbr="deſcribit̃">deſcribitur</expan>, <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan> ſolet, extra <lb></lb><expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> nulla prorſus forma, aut actio permánat ab agente. </s> <s>Sic ego ad ignim accedo, vt caleſcam, quia <lb></lb>virtus eius eò, vbi ſum, non protenditur, nec propagatur. </s> <s>Accipitur item diſtantia pro interuallo quod <lb></lb>interueniat oportet inter agens & patiens, ad <expan abbr="conuenientẽ">conuenientem</expan> formam producendam. </s> <s>Nam ſicut ab vno <lb></lb><expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>agente diuerſæ actiones <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>producuntur, <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> neceſſariò requiſitę, & eiuſmodi quę <lb></lb>viam <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> muniant ad alias ſuperiores; <expan abbr="variiq́">variique</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt illarum gradus; ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> variis ad <expan abbr="agẽdum">agendum</expan> <lb></lb>interuallis opus habet. </s> <s>ignis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in proximo vrit; eminus tepefacit. </s> <s>Nec opinionem ſuperat <expan abbr="efficaciorẽ">efficaciorem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> exeri in remotum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan>, vbi agendi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> pendeat ex diſtantia: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> puto talem <lb></lb><expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> à cauſſa fortuita exoriri. </s> <s>Item in Ariſtotelica philoſophia ſatis exploratæ veritatis eſt, <expan abbr="conta-ctũ">conta<lb></lb>ctum</expan> agentis & patientis nonmodò duci à materia, hoc eſt, à quantitate, ſed à ſpecie <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, & forma, <lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>ſpecies per medium prodeat ab agente ad patiens, & ob id <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex agente primo <expan abbr="proximoq́">proximoque</expan>. </s> <s>fie<lb></lb>ri quod eſt medium; quippe quae vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>forma tribuatur <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan>: proptereà contactus inde <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit <lb></lb>abiiciendus: nam ſicuti continua ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic continua, quin aliqua natura ſegregentur, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> motus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4604"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt vnus; conſimiliter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> continua reputari poterunt illa quæ <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> ſpeciem <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>nullo alio cor<lb></lb>pore interueniente ſuſceperint: tametſi in <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> primo per <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> ineſt, in medio <foreign lang="grc">ἐπικτή<lb></lb>τως</foreign>, & vt aduentitium. </s> <s>Actio verò & forma quæ per <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> procedit, & à patiente <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan>, & vniuſ<lb></lb>modi eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & diuerſæ <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> pro ſubiecta materia: verumeninuerò neceſſariò talis eſt, vt poſterioré <lb></lb>virtute contineat quæ <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſubiecti in re moto habitus eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; in proximo verò, vt forinſe<lb></lb>cùs accedens, & in remoto infigi, & propria reddi in proximo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe, vt ex alio pendens. </s> <s>Neque de<lb></lb>ſunt <expan abbr="exẽpla">exempla</expan>, quibus ita rem ſe habere doceamus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vniuſmodi non eſt actio Solis in aquam ma<lb></lb>ris cum in ſummo, tum in fundo: calefacit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & in <expan abbr="ſpiritũ">ſpiritum</expan> vertit <expan abbr="imã">imam</expan> aquæ <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>; ſummam cogit in ſal. <lb></lb></s> <s>idem ignis calefacit, & attenuat aërem; denſat limum: prætereà per aëris <expan abbr="caliditatẽ">caliditatem</expan> quæ vim ipſa non <lb></lb>habet exurendi, & per <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> incutit calorem, & <expan abbr="cõburit">comburit</expan> <expan abbr="ſtupã">ſtupam</expan>, ſed in aëre calor eſt <expan abbr="aduẽtitius">aduentitius</expan>, & ab alio <lb></lb>pendens, in aqua fortè nullus; eius rei <expan abbr="cõfirmatio">confirmatio</expan> duci poſſet ab in experto ex auctoritate eius qui ſcri<lb></lb>pſit <expan abbr="libellũ">libellum</expan> de elementis, ſeu fuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>quod non arbitror, ſiue Iſaac, ſeu Abucaten; nil referat nunc <lb></lb>quae ſi concaluerit aqua; prohibet vim hominis erga <expan abbr="ſtupã">ſtupam</expan>, & approbantis ex eo, quae fiat ignis ille in ſtupa <lb></lb>per antiperiſtaſin, frigore aquæ fugante calorem, & cogente ad ſtupam. </s> <s>Cùm ergo concalefacta non <lb></lb>aduerſetur calori, non poterit <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> fugare. </s> <s>Sed ego nec antiperiſtaſin eius euenti <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe reor, nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4605"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>experientia apud me fidem inuenit; etenim <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> ipſe expertus ſum. </s> <s>Niſi fortè concalefactam au<lb></lb>ctor ille feruentem nos intelligere voluerit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> feruens imagines & radios diſsipat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in capite <lb></lb>voluit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> produci ſenſuum inſtrumenta, ne ſpectra rerum conturbata acciperentur. </s> <s>ſed hoc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4606"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ego experiri non potui. </s> <s>Satis ergo ſit, quae aqua nullum actu <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, aut non admodùm <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan> concepit, <lb></lb>qui igneus eſt in ſtupa. </s> <s>Et quod efficit torpedo per rete in manu piſcatoris, monſtrat actionem quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan> ex aliqua forma, non eſſe neceſſariò rationis eiuſdem. </s> <s>Quibus ſtantibus facilè tolluntur argu<lb></lb>menta oppoſita. </s> <s>Dicimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolem (quanquàm de hoc ipſo ſeorſum alio loco dicendum eſt) non ca<lb></lb>lefacere orbes inferiores, quòd illa materia non ſit affecta ad <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> formam caloris, veruntamen <lb></lb>agere in eos actione diuerſæ quæ virtute <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> contineat; nempe illuſtrando, etſi approbamus <expan abbr="tenuẽ">tenuem</expan> <lb></lb>illam præceptoris ſummi <expan abbr="ſuſpicionẽ">ſuſpicionem</expan> <expan abbr="indicatã">indicatam</expan> 1. Meteor. </s> <s>& 12. Met. etiam mouendo eodem prorſus <lb></lb>modo torpedo afficit rete, & <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> piſcatoris, ſed refrigerat quidem rete, quæ verò frigiditas eſt in re<lb></lb>te; in parte ſenſili eſt ſtupor; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rete capax eſt eius affectionis. </s> <s>Et à conditione item diſtantiæ pe<lb></lb>titur dilutio illius obiectionis quæ à ſenſili ſumebatur: tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, vt non immutet ſenſum, niſi interuen<lb></lb>tu diſtantiæ; proptereaque ita redditur agens congruum & <expan abbr="cõueniens">conueniens</expan> ipſi patienti: nam præ magno ro<lb></lb>bore, & efficacitate diſsiparet <expan abbr="organũ">organum</expan>, niſi medio prius im mutato <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> pacto langueſceret, & faceret <lb></lb>profectò velut ignis qui cùm calefacere deberet; ob <expan abbr="viciniã">viciniam</expan> combureret; ita <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan> minuens de vi <pb pagenum="787"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4607"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ribus agentis ad <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> conducit: quanuis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſenſile & <expan abbr="organũ">organum</expan> à natura talia <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> fuerint, vt opus <lb></lb>ſit medio; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſentiendi facultas ob <expan abbr="ſalutẽ">ſalutem</expan> animantis in <expan abbr="longinquũ">longinquum</expan> protendi debebat, nec ſine me<lb></lb>dio, vt ſi foret inane; vlla <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> functio præſtari poterat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> docuit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diſſerens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4608"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contra Democritum. </s> <s>Ita etiam propter affectionem patientis, & conditiones agentis efficitur, vt erga <lb></lb><expan abbr="longinquũ">longinquum</expan> maior obeatur actio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> proximum. </s> <s>Quanquàm hîc eſt, quae aduertamus actionis amplitudi<lb></lb>nem, nam dupliciter eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vel ex gradu, vel extentione, & copia materię. </s> <s>Sic ergo maior calor parie<lb></lb>ti, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aëri propter materiæ <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan>, & denſitatem imprimitur: quamobrem <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tardius afficitur, ſed <lb></lb>retinet efficacius. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> fit, vt quaſi ſua facta, ſuperſtes <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſit, quanuis medium mutetur. </s> <s>& à ſpeculo <expan abbr="cõ-cauo">con<lb></lb>cauo</expan> longius aliquantò ſtupa incenditur, quae ex eiuſmodi interuallo redditur agens robuſtius; licèt ex <lb></lb>euento & fortuitò: cùm in eius extremo radij coierint in vnum, & magis coacti plus valeant: habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>lumem, vt noſti, caloris entelechian. </s> <s>Hæc eadem cauſſa ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuit allata, cùm rationem redderet, <lb></lb>cur prope terram vapor non coaleſceret in nubem, ſed in ſecunda regione aëris, & longè à terra. </s> <s>Quæ <lb></lb>cùm ſint, patet rectè ſtatuiſſe Ariſtotelem actionem propriè per contactum adminiſtrari.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4602"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4603"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4604"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4605"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4606"></margin.target>a 3. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>Anim. </s> <s>c. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4607"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4608"></margin.target>a 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm ea quę poſituram habent, occupent locum, an loci prorſus expertia ſint. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4609"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4609"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EAM <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rationem teſtabatur eſſe Philoſophus <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> quę inter ſe tangunt, vt ſint in loco: nam <lb></lb>quia poſitura prædita ſunt, à loco non poſſunt abſolui; cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> placito ſubſcripſit Auerroës, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><arrow.to.target n="marg4610"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quinimmo cum loco <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> iunxit, vt opinatus aliquando ſit <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> ipſam eſſe locum. </s> <s>Verùm & <lb></lb>aduerſus hæc multa afferri conſuerunt quæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> habeant poſituram: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen in loco conſiſtant: <lb></lb>nam punctum ſic ab vno diſtinguitur, quae vnum poſitione caret; punctum verò vni addit poſitionem: <lb></lb>prætereà linea & planum recenſentur in iis quę habent poſituram; nihilominus in loco non ſunt. </s> <s>ter<lb></lb>mini <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab horrent à loco; locus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt eorum quæ terminos habent. </s> <s>ſunt verò corpora, ac ſi qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>puncta, lineę, & plana ſunt in loco; id certè valde <expan abbr="fortuitũ">fortuitum</expan> eſt, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ſunt aliquid eius quod eſt in loco. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà locus habet & ipſe poſituram, & ipſe <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> erit in loco, & loci locus in infinitum. </s> <s>Tantum er<lb></lb>go abeſt, vt locus ea <expan abbr="conſequat̃">conſequatur</expan> quibus poſitura tribuitur, vt contrà potius ea loci attributum ſit. </s> <s>Quo<lb></lb>circa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tantum abeſt, vt locus in poſituræ definitione capiatur, vt poſitura potius in definitione loci <lb></lb>ſumenda ſit. </s> <s>Quod item ex eo confirmare licèt, quae genus, & differentia in ſpeciei definitione compre<lb></lb>henduntur: locus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex eo genere eſt quanti quod habet poſituram. </s> <s>Deinde inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>mathema<lb></lb>tica <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> obtinere: quapropter eſſe in loco. </s> <s>Sed non infrequenter idem teſtatus eſt, <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod eſt in <lb></lb>loco moueri poſſe, & nihil eſſe in loco, quin <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſenſile continuò ſit: nam ſi in loco verſatur, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4611"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4612"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt ex natura, aut <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel in loco ſupremo, vel infimo: quamobrem graut, aut leue, calidum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4613"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>, quæ ſanè <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> repudiat corpus mathematicum: quandò hoc eiuſmodi <expan abbr="reputat̃">reputatur</expan>, quia careat <lb></lb>ſenſili qualitate. </s> <s>Veruntamen & ad hæc pro Ariſt. </s> <s>reſpondere poſſumus <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſituram modò <lb></lb>propriè dici, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſola corpora, & illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> naturalia quæ ſunt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, ac ſenſilia, ſitum & poſituram <lb></lb>habere dicuntur, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>demum, quibus propriè locus attribuitur; proptereaque ita ſe habent ad vniuer<lb></lb>ſum, vt in <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> eius parte, ſiue diſtantia, ſeu termino ſita eſſe verè queat enunciari: dicimus item non <lb></lb>nulla <expan abbr="ſitũ">ſitum</expan> habere, ſed id minus propriè, quae aliquem ordine partium deſignent, <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> reſpiciant quibus <expan abbr="cõ-uenit">con<lb></lb>uenit</expan> eſſe ita hîc, vt non alibi, quod <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> aiunt eſſe in loco circunſcriptiuè; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> modo ſub poſitu<lb></lb>ra corporis termini continentur qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> alicubi eſſe dici poſſunt, nec ſanè quae in loco ſint, ſed quia ſint <lb></lb>termini illi affixi quod eſt in loco. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> monebat Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> locum ipſum ab ea nuncupatione quę erat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4614"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe alicubi, <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> non eſſe; quanuis in alio, vt in loco, locum eſſe nullo pacto contingeret. </s> <s>Hac igitur <lb></lb>poſita diſtinctione reſpondemus ad obiecta: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi linea, planum, & reliqua opponuntur quæ <expan abbr="po-ſiturã">po<lb></lb>ſituram</expan> habent quidem, nihiloſecius in loco non ſunt; dicimus eis <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> impropriè conuenire, vt ter<lb></lb>minis .ſ. </s> <s>in eo cuius termini ſunt: <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> obtinuiſſe <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> qua illis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> locus attribui <expan abbr="cõſueuit">conſueuit</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed cùm impropriè admodùm, & ex euento conſecuta ſint locum, quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>eius termini quod eſt in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4615"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loco per ſe, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> corporis mobilis, conſimili <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modo <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> poſsidebunt. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratione <lb></lb>fatemur adſcribi loco <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan>: quoad <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminus eſt corporis continentis, & ita in loci definitione po<lb></lb>ſitura ſumpta eſt: verùm ſi <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> eius ſignificatum acceperimus, ideſt, partium <expan abbr="ſitũ">ſitum</expan> ad vniuerſum, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, qua terminus eſt motuum <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, & quaſi forma <expan abbr="mobiliũ">mobilium</expan> de quo diximus olim multa, <expan abbr="lo-cũ">lo<lb></lb>cum</expan> poſituræ <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> complere cenſemus; non aliter àc genus <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> differentiæ conſtituat: poſitura <lb></lb>enim <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> differentiæ ſubit in loco, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita accepimus antè, cùm diximus ea quæ poſituram <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan>, eſſe <lb></lb>in loco: nam ſuppletur hac appendicula: ratio loci naturalis, qui quantum differat à loco <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> <lb></lb>ſumpto <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> 4. Phyſ. definitum fuiſſe profitemur; aptiore loco docuimus. </s> <s>Quanquam non eſt, quòd <lb></lb>hanc <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan> loci <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> eſſe ſuſpicemur: quandò locus ille <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> acceptus eſt <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> cuius nullæ ſunt differentiæ quæ vim habeant partiendi, ſed quæ partes ſolummodò <expan abbr="conſtituãt">conſtituant</expan> <lb></lb>quæ cùm iis reciprocari ſolent quæ conſtituuntur. </s> <s>Auerroëm <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſiquis tueri velit, ita interpretabi<lb></lb>tur, cùm inquit; <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> eſſe locum, quia locus ſit eſſentia poſituræ, in hunc <expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> ſenſum poſi<lb></lb>tura, & loco acceptis: tametſi ea prædicatio cauſſæ potius habenda eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vniuoca, & formalis: neque <lb></lb>enim genera de differentiis formaliter ſumptis prædicantur, <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt optimè noſti. </s> <s>Vbi verò mathematica <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4616"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opponuntur, ac ſi <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan> habeant, & in loco exiſtant: vulgò ſic dici ſolitum eſt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> etiam <lb></lb>legitur apud Philoponum, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> fuit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> verus hæc opinio, iam <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> à Platonis ducta <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan>, & <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4617"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="788"></pb>fermè Græcorum interprętum firmata conſenſu, ſicuti cogitationis opera forent mathematica, ſic item <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4618"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quae in loco eſſent, beneficio eiuſdem cogitationis impetraſſe. </s> <s>Hîc diſquirendum foret de ratione qua <lb></lb>mathematica <expan abbr="cõſiſtunt">conſiſtunt</expan>: longum profectò <expan abbr="negociũ">negocium</expan>, ſed breui nunc animi noſtri <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehẽdemus">comprehendemus</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accipimus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod priore libro docuimus & mathematica tale <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> genus eſſe, vt illis aliquid <expan abbr="reſpõ-deat">reſpon<lb></lb>deat</expan> in natura. </s> <s>Nec quae fugiant ſenſum; <expan abbr="vnamq́">vnamque</expan>. </s> <s>phantaſiam pulſent, nos perſuadere debet <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> nul<lb></lb>lam eſſe naturam: nam ſi <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan> commouent, habeant <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> oportet aliquod <expan abbr="fundamentũ">fundamentum</expan> in ipſa <lb></lb>re, & longè prius pepulerint ſenſum: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accipit phantaſia quod non antea ſenſum pulſauerit: com<lb></lb>ponit <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, & diuidit, ſed compoſitorum partes <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan>, & tota diuiſioni in natura ſupponuntur. </s> <s>Ideò <lb></lb>ſunt aliquid ſecreto munere cogitationis ipſa mathematica, & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> planè ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> magnitudines na<lb></lb>turales, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>variantur, quia citra conditiones ſenſiles, <expan abbr="ſenſilemq́">ſenſilemque</expan>. </s> <s>materiam concipiuntur à mente <lb></lb>quam ſemper habent adiunctam formæ naturales, vt ab ea, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> re, neque cogitando diuelli queant, & <lb></lb>ſicuti reipſa ſunt, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> locus mathematicus exiſtit qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> terminus eſt continentis, nulla habita ra<lb></lb>tione conditionum materię ſenſilis, qui .ſ. </s> <s>pertinet ad <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Cęterùm diſtinctio ſatis <lb></lb>anteà tractata: quare ne lectoris opera, & otio abuti velle videar, non amplius huc inculcabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem mathematica ſunt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in loco <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ſumpto, & datur locus mathematicus qui <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt reipſa cum loco propriè ſumpto & naturali; <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione <expan abbr="ſeiũgitur">ſeiungitur</expan> ab eo: ſiquidem <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4619"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>magnitudo, cum mathematica, tum naturalis ab aliquo abſolutè contineantur, ſed ab illis alienus eſt lo<lb></lb>cus alterius ſignificati. </s> <s>nam quia <expan abbr="peculiarẽ">peculiarem</expan> vim à natura, & vniuerſi ordine conſecutus ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb></lb>merito <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> qualitatum: repudiantur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à mathematicis, ideò nequeunt eſſe in eiuſmodi loco. </s> <s>Sunt <lb></lb>igitur reapſe mathematica, & in loco quodam verè conſiſtunt: cùm ſint eadem àc res ipſæ naturales. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> obnoxiæ ſenſui & indutioni redduntur, quemadmodum res naturales, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſub <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan> <lb></lb>cadunt: poſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à phantaſia acceptæ fuerint; abſtractionis interuentu <expan abbr="ſeparant̃">ſeparantur</expan> à materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Idcir<lb></lb>co niſi Philoponus, & cęteri Græci mathematica ſic accipiant, vt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> à phantaſia fuerint excepta; <lb></lb>mentis opera à ſenſili materia ſeuocentur, falſum profectò aſſeuerant, dum ea ſimpliciter eſſe negant: <lb></lb>nam varietas mathematicorum, & <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> in conſideratione poſita eſt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> pendet à mente, non ta<lb></lb>men exiſtunt prorſus in mente, ſed aliquid item ſunt in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>locus conſimiliter. </s> <s>Atque <lb></lb>hæc de eorum loco ſimpliciter aſſeri queunt. </s> <s>Si verò curioſius inquiras; ecquid illis rei ſit cum loco na<lb></lb>turali, & num'ne ab ipſo penitus ſecreta ſint; quaſi nil affinitatis inter illa intercedat: reſpondeo ma<lb></lb>thematica propriè terminos eſſe materiæ naturalis; ideò <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> terminos, & ex conſecutione eorum lo<lb></lb>co potui, quorum termini exiſtunt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi rurſus inſtiteris ea quæ ſunt in loco, ſeiuncta, <expan abbr="finitaq́">finitaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe <lb></lb>oportere; atqui termini <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eſſe à forma: proptereà cùm mathematica ſeiungantur à forma naturali; <lb></lb>ergo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> terminis ipſis excludi: quapropter eſſe continua, & arceri <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> à loco. </s> <s>Dicimus ad hoc vel ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4620"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>thematico ſupponi terminos corporum naturalium, actu quidem factos à formis naturalibus, ſed in eo <lb></lb>vim mathematici manere, vt ſpectet ſolùm terminos corporis illius, quatenus eſt magnitudo ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, non animaduerſis eorum formis, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> terminos imponi à mente, ſed tales, qui rerum naturę non <lb></lb>repugnent. </s> <s>nil enim obſtat, quominus ſex digitorum magnitudo ſit, aut mille.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4610"></margin.target>b 1. de Ge. <lb></lb>T. c. 44.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4611"></margin.target>c 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 47.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4612"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4613"></margin.target>1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 89.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4614"></margin.target>d 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 47.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4615"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4616"></margin.target>e 4. Top. <lb></lb>10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4617"></margin.target>f 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4618"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4619"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4620"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſſæ vestigantur actionis & perpeſſionis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXPLICATO contactu veniamus iam ad actionis & perpeſsionis conditiones explorandas; & <lb></lb>earum cauſſas perquiramus, ac modos quibus actio & perpeſsio miniſtrantur. </s> <s>Non erit autem <lb></lb>facilè cauſſas <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> veſtigare: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vna ſola eſt via quæ nos in cauſſas ducat, ea nimirùm, quæ incipit <lb></lb>ab effectis, & attributis <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quorum cauſſas indagamus, ſed in iis exponendis quæ ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> noſtram <expan abbr="per-tinẽt">per<lb></lb>tinent</expan>, <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> ad modùm inter philoſophos diſcrimen eſſe perſpicimus <expan abbr="exiſtimãtibus">exiſtimantibus</expan> nonnullis ea quæ <lb></lb>inter ſe agunt & patiuntur, neceſſariò fore diſsimilia, quibuſdam verò ſimilia prorſus. </s> <s>Prioris ſenten<lb></lb>tiæ profeſſoribus hæc adminiculabantur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri poſſe videbatur, vt ſimile <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſibi ſimile affi<lb></lb>ceret: nam cùm afficere ſit impertire <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> qualitatem, & affici accipere qualitatem ab alio; ſi conſimilia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4621"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerint; habebunt igitur <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> qualitates. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> eas alteri <expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan>, aut ab altero accipere non <lb></lb>poterit. </s> <s>Erit etiam munus efficientis ſuperuacaneum, ſiquidem id <expan abbr="cõmunicaretur">communicaretur</expan>, quod prius ineſſet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi affici nequeant ea quæ ſimilia ſunt, ab oppoſito <expan abbr="cõcludemus">concludemus</expan>, ſi inter ſe viciſsim affectura ſint, <lb></lb>diſsimilia ſint oportere. </s> <s>Quoniam verò poſsit obiicere <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> ignim qui ab altero igni <expan abbr="corrũpitur">corrumpitur</expan>, <lb></lb>ij verò ſibi ſimiles <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſunt: at intelligat ignim ab igni <expan abbr="corrũpi">corrumpi</expan>, paruum à magno; paruum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> magno <lb></lb>diſsimilem eſſe. </s> <s>Non igitur ſimile à ſimili, ſed diſsimile ab altero diſsimili afficitur. </s> <s>Ii verò qui poſte<lb></lb>riori ſententiæ patrocinabantur, obiiciebant <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan>, albedinem, perſpicuitatem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> grammaticen, quę <lb></lb>inter ſe viciſsim nihil agere <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan> eſt, ac ſiquando inter ſe afficerent; diſsimilia, <expan abbr="quãdoquidem">quandoquidem</expan> cer<lb></lb>nitur <expan abbr="grãmaticum">grammaticum</expan> pati <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> à muſico; non idcirco actio proficiſcebatur à diſsimili, ſed quatenus in<lb></lb>tereà nonnihil ſimilitudinis intercederet. </s> <s>Cęterùm <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> labaſcit, & <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> vitiis vrgetur; quip<lb></lb>pe quę rem vniuerſam mentibus noſtris non obiiciat, ſed partim ſingulæ attingant: ex quo efficitur, vt <lb></lb>inter ſe <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> contradicentes non oppugnent; quamobrem cogamur <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> partem toto pectore defen<lb></lb>ſare, ſed velut arbitri honorarij ſimul <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> conciliare debeamus. </s> <s>Nam quod aiunt hi ſimile à ſimili <lb></lb>non affici; rectè ſanè dicunt, quia ſi fuerit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſimile, vt nil diſcriminis prorſus intercedat, actio affe<lb></lb>ctioúe nulla perpetratur: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita ſit; quid vetabit, quominus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> penitus ſint agens & patiens, neque <lb></lb>ſubiecto ſolùm, vel numero diſcrepantia; verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> cum ſint numero, & in ſubiecto <expan abbr="conueniãt">conueniant</expan>, <pb pagenum="789"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4622"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt idem album ſi pateretur à ſeipſo? </s> <s>quod ſanè captum mentis <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan>, ne dixerim omnem naturæ co<lb></lb>natum, ſuperat: quandò idem ad idem actu ſimul, & poteſtate futurum ſit, & quatenus actui ſubie<lb></lb>ctum eſt, futurum ſit aliquid; quatenus verò poteſtati, nequaquàm ita ad idem erit vnà & non erit, <lb></lb>& contradicentia ſimul conſiſtent. </s> <s>neque enim hæc rationem contra dictionis effugiunt, cùm ſit idem <lb></lb>prædicatum de eodem ſubiecto modò affirmatum, mox negatum, eodem modo, & tempore. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà quid vetabit, quominus vniuerſa affectioni & alterationi ſubiecta, & obnoxia ſint? </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>vnum corpus ſit quod exors eſt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> alterationis, & vnum neceſſariò primum <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, quod prorſus im<lb></lb>mobile ſit neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="omniſq́">omniſque</expan>. </s> <s>motus expers, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eius ſolùm qui <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> labefactat; verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illius <lb></lb>qui cum ſubſtantiæ ſalute producitur quem audiemus eſſe conuerſionem. </s> <s>Id verò neceſſariò conſecu<lb></lb>turum perſuadet locus <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> deſumptus à <expan abbr="cõparatis">comparatis</expan>; ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe habet ſimpliciter ad ſimpliciter; ita <lb></lb>magis ad magis, & maximè ad maximè. </s> <s>Si ergo ſimile afficit ſimile, quo ſimilius fuerit, eò magis affi<lb></lb>ciet, & <expan abbr="ſimillimũ">ſimillimum</expan> maximè <expan abbr="cõmouebit">commouebit</expan>. </s> <s>at idem ſibi ipſi <expan abbr="ſimillimũ">ſimillimum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Idem igitur ſeipſum multò magis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliqua tentabit, & <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quòd <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſenſus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> affectionem tolerant, quæ fiat à ſeipſo; immine<lb></lb>bit <expan abbr="periculũ">periculum</expan>, ne id quod neceſſe eſt ſit prorſus immobile, procedat natura deinceps mouendo, & motus <lb></lb>motibus accumulando in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, & motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> inde tollatur, quod <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> maximè agitetur: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ma<lb></lb>iorem ſimilitudinem pręſefert; quippe quae penitus & <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> ſibi ipſi <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="ſuiq́">ſuique</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuò ſimilis, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4623"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> omnino <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſſentiæ, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> functionis tolerans, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllum <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> tempus ſuæ conſtantię, <lb></lb><expan abbr="perfectioniſq́">perfectioniſque</expan>. </s> <s>intermittens, àc ſi ſecus eueniret; nulla ordinis obſeruantia, nulla æqualitas, nulla firmi<lb></lb>tas retineri poſſet in iis quæ cientur ab ipſo: proptereà natura quę proximè nexa & apta eſt ex eo prin<lb></lb>cipio, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>beneficio <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> conſeruans, è veſtigio perturbabitur. </s> <s>Ita nihil in ſtatu ſuo diutius conti<lb></lb>neri poterit, cùm tamen <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> rerum, & <expan abbr="immortaliũ">immortalium</expan>, & <expan abbr="caducarũ">caducarum</expan> certas periodos, & fatales tranſmuta<lb></lb>tiones, & munera conſtantiſsima <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="effectuũ">effectuum</expan> nexu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> admirabili ſeruato ſub illius au<lb></lb>guſtiſsimi Imperatoris nutu obſeruemus. </s> <s>Illud item aliqua ex parte verum diſsimile non affici à diſsi<lb></lb>mili: ſiquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit, quod prorſus diſconueniat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ea quæ prædicamento <expan abbr="ſeparãtur">ſeparantur</expan>, & <expan abbr="pluſq̃">pluſquae</expan> <lb></lb>ſpecie <expan abbr="diſiungunt̃">diſiunguntur</expan>, ſicut albedo & linea, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> vnum quale eſt; alterum verò quantum, etſi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> cadu<lb></lb>cum fuit; alterum æternum; ea viciſsim inter ſe afficere nequeunt, ac ſi fortè quicquam patiantur; id <lb></lb>erit per accidens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vnum in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutabitur">commutabitur</expan>; etenim quæ inter ſe <expan abbr="mutant̃">mutantur</expan>, ſint eiuſdem generis <lb></lb>oportet; nec vllo modo per ſe inter ſe afficientur: potuit ſanè vnum ab alio pati, vt mortale ab immor<lb></lb>tali, ſed <expan abbr="vicẽ">vicem</expan> <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> rependet: per ſe verò ſolum modò afficietur id quod contrarij, mediiúe <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> <lb></lb>præſegerit quæ affinitate <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> iuncta ſunt; quippe quae ſub idem genus cadant: ita fit, vt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſenten<lb></lb>tia nimirùm <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>, & præcisè pronunciata ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen ſecum pugnent, ſed vnà conſtent, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4624"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſententiarum genus leuiores dialectici ſubcontrarium vocant, grauiores <expan abbr="logicũ">logicum</expan> ſunt enim verę <expan abbr="vtręq.">vtręque</expan> <lb></lb>ſed aliqua ex parte; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> diſtinctione coniungendæ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4621"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4622"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4623"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4624"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Actionis & affectionis cauſſæ ſeorſum recenſentur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XL<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ID quod à nobis pronunciatum eſt nuper, ita perſuadebitur, ſi progrediamur ab iis quæ nobis nota <lb></lb>ſunt, necnon à bonis philoſophis vſurpata ad <expan abbr="inueniẽda">inuenienda</expan> primordia rerum naturalium. </s> <s>Cernimus <lb></lb>enim non quodlibet à <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> à certo affici: <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>via afficiens <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> eſſe oportere, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim albedo <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan> à linea, vel in ipſa efficit <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan>, ſed intereà videmus <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, <expan abbr="perpeſsionemq́">perpeſsionemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>procedere, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> contraria ſunt, aut illa <expan abbr="imitant̃">imitantur</expan>, hoc eſt, vel extrema, vel extremis. </s> <s>Conueniunt ve<lb></lb>rò hæc in genere, ſpecie ſeparantur: quapropter ex his facilè controuerſia ſedari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quæ extat inter <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuperiorũ">ſuperiorum</expan> ſententiarum patronos. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> affectio mutua, ſiue repaſsio inter ea quæ <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> ſimilia <lb></lb>ſunt; alio verò modo diſsimilia, & in genere <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> conuenientia, ſpecie verò diſcrepantia. </s> <s>ſiquidem <lb></lb>ea generis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> eſſe perſpicuum ſit, quae corpus à corpore afficitur, & à corpore fit corpus, & ſapor à ſa<lb></lb>pore fit, & corrumpitur; necnon color à colore, & vt vno verbo <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> complectamur; ea quæ ſunt gene<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4625"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ris <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, inter ſe <expan abbr="cõmutantur">commutantur</expan>, & à ſe inuicem <expan abbr="afficiunt̃">afficiuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Eius rei cauſſam hanc eſſe dicemus, quia con<lb></lb>traria in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere vniuerſa ſunt, ſpecie verò differunt. </s> <s>agentia verò, & patientia contraria ſunt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>cùm contraria ſint, & ſpecie differentia; proptereà ſecum pugnant, & propter generis participationem <lb></lb>conſecuta ſunt <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> qua inter ſe commutentur. </s> <s>quaſi eſſe contraria, & in diuerſas <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ſpecies referri <lb></lb>ſeſe mutuò conſequantur, & reciprocentur. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ſic ſe habeant, non eſt quae admiremur, cur <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>ſecta in hac re decernenda lapſa fuerit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> arduum eſt, vel ipſo Platone auctore, ponere diſcrimen <lb></lb>inter ſimilia, & à ſimilitudinis ſpecie non decipi: nam cùm actionis, <expan abbr="affectioniſq́">affectioniſque</expan>. </s> <s>principia dupliciter <lb></lb>exponamus, ac modò <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> in medio <expan abbr="ponẽtes">ponentes</expan>, vt cùm <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> calefacere, vel calefieri dicimus; aliàs <lb></lb><expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, vt <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> calefacere, vel frigefieri, ij qui <expan abbr="primordiũ">primordium</expan> illud reſpexerunt quod mutationi ſubii<lb></lb>citur, & ſub <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> contrariis idem manet; ita pronunciarunt ſimile alterum ſibi ſimile afficere, & à ſi<lb></lb>mili pati: qui verò ſpectarunt contraria duntaxat, <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> à contrariis præſtari dixerunt. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> rectè quidem, ſed planè imperfectè rem, & ex parte attigerunt, & planè <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> caput in vnum <lb></lb>conferre debuerunt: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inter contraria ſolùm actio miniſtratur, ſed inter ſimilia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan>, neque <lb></lb>item inter ſimilia tantummodò; verùm inter contraria; illa .ſ. </s> <s>quæ in genere conueniunt, ſpecie ſegre<lb></lb>gantur; ea verò ſunt contraria. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc ea ſunt <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> quorum eſt eadem materia, forma verò diſiun<lb></lb>guntur. </s> <s>Ideò ſiquis initia prima & præcipua perpeſsionis, & actionis explanare velit, illi ad materiam <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> confugiendum erit, ad <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan>, vnde initium patiendi permanat; ad hanc verò, quae ex ea tota <pb pagenum="790"></pb>agendi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="deducit̃">deducitur</expan>. </s> <s>quicquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> agit, ita agit; quatenus actu eſt id quod ipſum efficere ſtudet; eſt verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4626"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actu per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & quicquid patitur, ita afficitur; quoad eſt poteſtate, id verò à materia mutuatum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> igitur à materia <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> generis, à differentia verò ſpecies <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="deriuãtur">deriuantur</expan>, ex hoc efficitur, vt ea <lb></lb>quæ vim habent agendi & patiendi, ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere <expan abbr="collocent̃">collocentur</expan> differentia formis, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>vera con<lb></lb>traria ſint; dummodo ſemper intelligamus agentia propriè quæ ſunt vniuoca: cętera excluduntur, vt <lb></lb>cęlum, prima contraria, ſi <expan abbr="cõferantur">conferantur</expan> cum ſecundis, vt calidum cum raro, cuius ſignum, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> inter afficien<lb></lb>dum nil repati ſolent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſecunda contraria ſeorſum. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inter ſe afficiunt, ſed ex mutua <expan abbr="pri-morũ">pri<lb></lb>morum</expan> perpeſsione exoriuntur: ac ſiquis agere, & pati velit hiſce contrariis attribuere; licebit illi, ſi <expan abbr="mu-tuã">mu<lb></lb>tuam</expan> perpeſsionem accipiet pro ſucceſsione, aut ei tribuet <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan>, vt dici ſolet, formaliter, non effectiuè; <lb></lb>hoc eſt, non quae habeant vim immutandi, ſicut efficientia quæ traducunt de poteſtate ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſed quòd <lb></lb>ſui præſentia conſtituant, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> antè accepimus, formam & priuationem agere in materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi eam <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> accipiamus in hunc ſenſum, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> contraria ſub illa <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan> poterunt: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> deſerunt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſubiectum, nec <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> conſiſtere queunt, ſed prima præter hæc ſeſe mutuò pel<lb></lb>lunt ex <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> inter ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quæ ſunt ex ordine primorum primo calido & frigido <lb></lb>tribuendæ ſunt, tum quae <expan abbr="humidũ">humidum</expan>, & ſiccum ab iis producuntur; tum etiam quae videntior eſt <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> virtus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> ſilet; quippe quae citra <expan abbr="ſocietatẽ">ſocietatem</expan> corporis, & per affectionem, aut ægrè <expan abbr="imprimat̃">imprimatur</expan>, aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4627"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non diſcernatur à ſenſu. </s> <s>Proinde humidum & ſiccum <foreign lang="grc">ὑλικῶς, & παθητικῶς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>per modum materiæ, <lb></lb>& vt patientia Græci operari dixerunt: reliqua vt agentia, & inſtar formæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">εἰδικῶς, & ἐνεργητι<lb></lb>κῶς</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> exiccatur aqua adiecta terra, & affuſione aquæ terra <expan abbr="eliquat̃">eliquatur</expan>. </s> <s>ex quo terram aqua irrigant <lb></lb>figuli, vt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> fundant, & figuræ capacem reddant; deinde torrent, vt exhauſto humido redundante figu<lb></lb>ra conſeruetur, <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> & frigidum eminus etiam ſeſe inſigniter labefactant. </s> <s>Ex his, quæ à nobis poſita <lb></lb>ſunt, & nuper & anteà per progreſſum; conſtitui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> modus quo accidentia <expan abbr="permutant̃">permutantur</expan> & intereunt: <lb></lb>nam primus eſt modus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> maximè naturalis, & <expan abbr="cõmuniſsimus">communiſsimus</expan>, qui per ſe eſt, & proximè ex alterius <lb></lb>ſibi contrarij præſentia; alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt per accidens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> multiplex, prout .ſ. </s> <s>accidens in natura <lb></lb>conſiſtit: etenim ex aliorum actione <expan abbr="producit̃">producitur</expan>, nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> per ſe agens, aut adhuc à <expan abbr="producẽte">producente</expan> pendet, <lb></lb>& ex <expan abbr="producẽtis">producentis</expan> abſentia tollitur, aut ſequitur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſubiecti, vel proximi, ſecundùm quod ineſt, vt in <lb></lb>ſiccitate durities, vel remoti, quæ eſt ſubſtantia, & ex <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> interitu contingit tolli contrarium, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4628"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iis contrariis euenit quæ ſunt in ſubſtantia: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non dicantur de ſubiecto, ad eius interitum illa in<lb></lb>terire non continget, ſed per ſe ipſa <expan abbr="corrũpuntur">corrumpuntur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vbi non eſt <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>, aut cui non eſt, fieri ne<lb></lb>quit, vt intereat. </s> <s>Veruntamen etſi <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> verſantur in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia, & circum <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſubiectum viciſsim <lb></lb>ſibi ſuccedunt, vel ſeſe mutuò pellentia, vel his adnexa, non tamen <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> materiæ genus eſt capax huiuſce <lb></lb>ſucceſsionis, ſed cùm materia triplex ſit, proxima, media, & remota: proxima quidem duorum contra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4629"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riorum eſſe nequit: etenim cuilibet formæ ſua <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> poteſtas & affectio debetur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur contra<lb></lb>riorum formæ contrariæ ſint, contrarias <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poteſtates & affectiones habeant neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>hæ verò <expan abbr="inſi-dẽt">inſi<lb></lb>dent</expan> in materia proxima: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> remota, quae ea non <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> acceperit affectiones, ſed <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> contraria peræquè <lb></lb>reſpiciat, ſed ſupereſt media quæ cùm affectiones ad contraria fuerit adepta, nec vno tantùm termina<lb></lb>ta, vt proxima; nec omnibus indefinitè, vt remota; ad hoc officium valde eſt accommodata: hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>continetur genere proximo, vt colore. </s> <s>Generatim verò contrariorum actio, vel intra generis ſui ter<lb></lb>minos continetur, vel deſinit in formam ſubſtantiæ quæ in efficiente, vel actu, vel virtute præcedebat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4625"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4626"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4627"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4628"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>vita long. <lb></lb>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4629"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quęritur vtrùm idem ſeipſum afficere queat, an ab alio ſemper affectio naſcatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò non pauca ex his quæ à nobis cum Ariſt. </s> <s>poſita fuerunt; à Græcis, & Latinis dubitata com<lb></lb>peries, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in eo quidem quod teſtificatus eſt Ariſtoteles, ſimili à ſimili non affici; hæſit primùm <lb></lb>Philoponus: etenim dicebat eius rei <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe, quae haberent vires æquales; proptereà non erat, quae ma<lb></lb>ior, aut minor actio ab hoc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab illo <expan abbr="expectant̃">expectantur</expan>. </s> <s>Sed cùm ipſe poſteà videret contraria, quanuis æqua<lb></lb>lia forent, ſeſe viciſsim perturbare & <expan abbr="cõmouere">commouere</expan>; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſarium illud appareret æqualia inter ſe non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4630"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>agere; eò confugit, vt <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> non eſſe diceret, ſi repateretur agens, ſed illud <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>, ſi repateretur, quem<lb></lb>admodum afficit, & contrà ſi ita afficeret, ſicuti patitur, quod ſanè eueniret, ſi inter <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſimilia proce<lb></lb>deret actio: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> agens, inquit, magis afficere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> affici debet, & viciſsim <expan abbr="patiẽs">patiens</expan> magis affici, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> afficere; <lb></lb>quaſi repaſsio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſit, ſed, vt aiunt, cum ſubdominio. </s> <s>Tamen via nulla ſuccurreret qua doceremur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fieret <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> quod è duabus qualitatibus æquè <expan abbr="tẽperatum">temperatum</expan> foret, quod tametſi ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> <lb></lb>contrariorum coniugationibus æquè <expan abbr="tẽperatum">temperatum</expan> non recipitur; at ex altera tantùm, & à medicis, & à <lb></lb>philoſophis gratis conceditur. </s> <s>Sed vt hoc concedatur; reliqua quî tandem <expan abbr="nõmodò">nommodò</expan> dari, ſed prorſus <lb></lb>cogitatione <expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan> queunt, nempè ſi <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſimile alterum afficiat, & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> à ſeipſo paſſurum, nec fo<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> impatibile & immobile? </s> <s>Cur etiam non poterit euitari <expan abbr="argumẽtum">argumentum</expan>, ſi dicatur id euenire <lb></lb>quod concluditur, vbi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> quod ſimile eſt, aptum ſit ad <expan abbr="patiendũ">patiendum</expan>, ſed non pariter afficere, & affici <lb></lb>queat, quod verò infertur, eſſe tum abſurdum, cùm ita afficiant, quemadmodum afficiuntur? </s> <s>Sic igitur <lb></lb>ſimile non patietur; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>nec idem à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Sed ſiquo pacto ſimile à ſimili patitur, quod ſanè contin<lb></lb>git, ſi ſtat fundamentum illud, ſi non penitus ſimiliter inter ſeſe afficere poſsint, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> idem à ſeipſo perpe<lb></lb>ti poterit. </s> <s>ſic non erit vniuersè verùm nil à ſeipſo pati; nil impatibile, & penitus immobile fore, aut ſi <lb></lb>id generaliter verum; ſimile item à ſimili <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> afficietur; nec regula illa certa quam nuper conſtitui<lb></lb>mus, inquit, Philoponus. </s> <s>Adde item treis eſſe voces, quibus ſimilitudo ſignificatur: nam propriè ſimi <pb pagenum="791"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4631"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litudo eſt inter qualitates; in quantitate eſt æqualitas; eædem ſubſtantię dicuntur: ſimile igitur non eſt <lb></lb>idem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quicunq.">Quicunque</expan> ergo ſtatuit <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> inter ſimilia fieri, non neceſſariò dicere <expan abbr="cõpellitur">compellitur</expan> idem à ſeipſo <lb></lb>fore paſſurum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> iſtæ coutrouerſiæ dirimuntur adiecta illa nota, quatenus ſimile. </s> <s>Et quod ad <lb></lb>ſcribitur ſimile eſſe in qualitate, non in <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>: reſpondeo ſimile & quale formas <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> rerum <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan>; <lb></lb>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ipſæ <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> qualitates, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimilitudo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> illis optimè conuenit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hęc ex Philo<lb></lb>pono. </s> <s>Attamen ex his, quæ pronunciata ſunt, præbetur occaſio diſſerendi primùm, vtrùm quicquam <lb></lb>vllo pacto ſeipſum afficiat. </s> <s>Deinde, vtrùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſit aliqua ratio, <expan abbr="propterquã">propterquam</expan> ſimile altero ab ſimili pati poſ<lb></lb>ſit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> <expan abbr="negantẽ">negantem</expan> problematis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> conſtantiſsimè defendit Ariſtoteles; non deſunt nihi<lb></lb>lominus argumenta quibus <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> conuinci poſſe <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>, & quibus aliquando manus dederint phi<lb></lb>loſophi non ignobiles. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt de priore illo hoc <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> agamus, facit in primis rem <expan abbr="dubitandã">dubitandam</expan> vulga<lb></lb>ris illa diſtinctio <expan abbr="functionũ">functionum</expan> in immanentes & tranſeuntes, de qua pluribus olim diſputauimus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>ex immanentium vi <expan abbr="colligit̃">colligitur</expan> actio ſubiecti aduerſus ſeipſum. </s> <s>Deinde motus animatorum: hæc enim <lb></lb>ab inanimis ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſeparantur, quae à ſeipſis mouentur. </s> <s>Tertiò videtur in antiperiſtaſi qualitas ab inter<lb></lb>nis principiis intendi: nam calor hyeme qui in viſcera terræ ſe recepit; ex ſeipſo amplificatur, & inten<lb></lb>ditur, ac ſi intendi eſt contrahere <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> actum; calor per ſe ipſe ſe de poteſtate ad actum tra<lb></lb>ducit. </s> <s>Obiiciunt item aquam quæ per ſeipſam refrigeratur; ſed, cùm de hac ipſa re alibi fuerit actum; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4632"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>miſſum in præſentia faciemus. </s> <s>Ob hęc varij variis modis enunciarunt, & ex his aliqui cum videant Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem defendiſſe <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, ſeparant actiones primùm in eas quas ſpiritales vocant, hoc eſt, ſine ma<lb></lb>teria, ac reales quæ cum tranſmutatione materiæ ſolent obiri, ſeu perfectrices & alteratrices: deinceps <lb></lb>alteratrices diſtribuunt in rectas, & reflexas: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ignis calefacit nos actione recta, quae ſi in fornace con<lb></lb>tineretur, & prohiberetur, ne exhalaret; <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> calor intentior fieret; hæc eſſet actio reflexa, & eodem <lb></lb>prorſus modo quo calor qui per radios fertur ad <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, calefacit in ſublimi repercuſſus à terra. </s> <s><expan abbr="Inquiũt">Inquiunt</expan> <lb></lb>igitur abſurdum non eſſe, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſeipſum afficiat actione reflexa: quapropter Ariſt. </s> <s>dicta <expan abbr="complectũtur">complectuntur</expan> <lb></lb>alteratrices ſolùm, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illas <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> rectas. </s> <s>Atqui occaſio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eiiciendi talem <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> ſumitur ex his <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> quæ paullò antè accepimus. </s> <s>Nam ſi idem à ſeipſo pateretur; idem foret ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> actu & poteſtate, <lb></lb>& vnà eſſet, & non eſſet, quod generátim, vt id quod fieri non poſsit, anteà conſtitutum eſt, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> <lb></lb>illa actio fuerit. </s> <s>Necnon Ariſt. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="agentiũ">agentium</expan> <expan abbr="patientiumq́">patientiumque</expan>. </s> <s>conditionibus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> numerauit, quae eſſent aduerſa: <lb></lb>nihil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſibi ipſi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aduerſari. </s> <s>Quòd ſi tu reſtiteris inquiens hæc <expan abbr="cõprehendere">comprehendere</expan> ſolùm actiones altera<lb></lb>trices & rectas: at nullo modo effugies, quin <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> reperiatur, quod penitus immobile ſit, & per ſe, & <lb></lb>per accidens, ſed vniuerſa neceſſariò moueri poterunt; ex quibus multa abſurda conſequentur, de qui<lb></lb>bus ſuprà complura. </s> <s>Audiſti <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> Scotum ex diſtinctione actus, & poteſtatis formalium, & vir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4633"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tualiũ">tualium</expan> voluiſſe nos docere, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> à ſeipſo poſsit excitari ad agendum. </s> <s>Sed quantum pertinet ad hunc <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, non videntur hæc ſatis congruere cum dictis Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Nam prodire è poteſtate ſecunda in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm, ſi facultatem quæ <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> in actu ſit, obſeruemus; actio non eſt, niſi metaphoricè, & energ<foreign lang="grc">ει</foreign>a pro<lb></lb>priè nuncupatur quæ eſt forma ipſa ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſe habens. </s> <s>quòd ſi ex actu primo ſimpliciter ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſteriorẽ">poſteriorem</expan> prouehatur; cùm id obice repulſo contingat, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> certè actio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ab interno principio, ſed ab <lb></lb>externo præſtatur, & à repellente <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, vt pluribus anteà decretum eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem hoc ge<lb></lb>nere actionis omiſſo ſic iudico, nil eſſe quod propriè ſeipſum afficiat, & per ſe; verùm ſiquo pacto actio <lb></lb>aduerſus ſeipſum miniſtretur; id ſanè <expan abbr="fortuitũ">fortuitum</expan> eſt, nec ſine alterius interuentu, vt cùm elementum iam <lb></lb><expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> ſibi ipſi parat actum; efficit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id per medium: nam diuidit <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, hoc verò diuiſum tri<lb></lb>buit illi <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ipſius vbi, ſed <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, & per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> propter reſiſtentiam. </s> <s>Quare ad ea quæ oppo<lb></lb>ſita ſunt, ita dicemus. </s> <s>Nam cùm obiiciuntur actiones immanentes, poſſumus primo loco reſpondere, <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>de illo agendi genere diſputaſſe quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">ποιεῖν</foreign>, hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt immutare ſecundùm qualitatem, vn<lb></lb>de ipſa <foreign lang="grc">ποιότης</foreign> eſt appellata, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> de energ<foreign lang="grc">ει</foreign>a, cuiuſmodi eſt actio quam vocant immanentem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tamen etiam libet ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> reuerti quod olim conſtitui; nimirùm tale genus actionis in ſeipſum non eſ<lb></lb>ſe per ſe, & primò. </s> <s>Quoniam verò nos vrget dubitatio de mente humana; ipſam aio ſpeſtari, vel quate<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4634"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus eſt in potentia, vel quatenus iam eſt actu, ac ſi poteſtate fuerit; ad actum non poſſe deduci ſine prę<lb></lb>ſentia phantaſmatis, & obiecti: quae ſi illam accipias actu, eam ſic agere dico, quia ſpecies iam conceptas <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõponendo">componendo</expan> & diuidendo immutet, quibus anteà confuſis informata fuiſſet; poſtmodò ab <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> ſepa<lb></lb>ratis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtinctis, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> coniunctis, noua <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> informatione, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> diſtincta perficiatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> afficit ſeipſam mens, niſi <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> interuentu quæ ſub <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan> <expan abbr="rationemq́">rationemque</expan>. </s> <s>cadunt, & prius <lb></lb>afficit ſpecies certo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> actionis modo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> viciſsim ab illis alio actionis modo afficitur, & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>planè ratione qua diximus nuper <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> mutare <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan>, dum mutat medium, & viciſsim ab illo mo<lb></lb>uetur. </s> <s>Quid? </s> <s>ſi munus illud ei mentis parti quæ agens dicitur ab officio, tribuatur quæ extra nos eſt, <lb></lb>nulla certè ſuſpicio ſuberit; quin illa actio ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ poteſtate eſt, ab alio permanet. </s> <s>Animata etiam <lb></lb>non ita ſeipſa mouent, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> prorſus ſit mouens, & id quod mouetur; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> anima mouens, & <expan abbr="ſubie-ctũ">ſubie<lb></lb>ctum</expan> in quo primùm reſidet à reliquo corpore <expan abbr="ſeiũcta">ſeiuncta</expan> ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> diſſentiunt hæc à dictis Auerrois <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4635"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliquando notarat Platonem, quae ſtatueret <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> rationis <expan abbr="participẽ">participem</expan> mouere ſeipſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde conclu<lb></lb>ſiſſet <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> animi <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> à materia fore ſeparatam. </s> <s>dicebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem ſeipſum mouere <expan abbr="intelligendũ">intelligendum</expan> eſſe mo<lb></lb>tu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> metaphorico, & in ſimpliciter ſeparatis à materia: nec <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> ſe mouere <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo quo ſe<lb></lb>parata moueri dicuntur, quia functiones animi ſint in ipſo per accidens, & extrinſecùs; non per ſe, & <lb></lb>inſitæ in eſſentia; proptereaque ipſe ſit pura poteſtas, & idcirco <expan abbr="deceptũ">deceptum</expan> fuiſſe teſtabatur, quia crederet <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe quod mouet ſeipſum eſſe <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>, & quod <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> eſt, mouere ſeipſum: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>animus <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <pb pagenum="793"></pb>vtens ſeipſum primò moueret; ex hoc effeciſſe <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> eſſe ſeparatum, cum falſa aſſumptione vſus eſſet ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4636"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concludens. </s> <s>Quod mouet ſeipſum eſt ſeparatum. </s> <s>Animus noſter ſeipſum mouet, & ſeparatus igitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>cùm ita concludendum foret. </s> <s>Quod eſt ſeparatum mouet ſeipſum. </s> <s>Animus ſeparatus eſt. </s> <s>vbi aſſum<lb></lb>ptio perſpicuè falſa. </s> <s>Sed quicquid ſit de motu <expan abbr="mentiũ">mentium</expan> ſupremarum, quae hæc equidem ſpatiis diſcluſus <lb></lb>iniquis, vt inquit Poëta, prętereò; ſatis illud eſto, vel auctore Auerroë, falsò ab aduerſariis aſſumptum <lb></lb>fuiſſe ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> metaphoricum à ſeipſo, vt in animo, fieri poſſe. </s> <s>Quod item opponitur de an<lb></lb>tiperiſtaſi, nihil eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> efficacior actio proficiſcitur in ea hypotheſi à maiore copia materiæ, non <lb></lb>autem ex eo, quòd ſeipſum quicquam afficere valeat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4630"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4631"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4632"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4633"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4634"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4635"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 40.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4636"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur, Vtrùm ſimile à ſimili affici poſſit, an à diſſimili neceſſariò. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VTRVM'NE verò ſimile afficiat ſimile, an diſsimile neceſſariò, mox inquirendum eſt: ſimilia <lb></lb>verò nunc accipimus, nonmodò quæ conueniant in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecie qualitatis, verùm etiam conſecu<lb></lb>ta ſint <expan abbr="eoſdẽ">eoſdem</expan> gradus: aliter <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facilè res decerni poſsit; cùm id quod intentius eſt, afficiat alterum quod <lb></lb>eſt remiſsius: etenim afficiet id veluti <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contrarium</expan>, aut poſitiuè, aut priuatiuè vt imperfectum. </s> <s>proptereà <lb></lb>quòd minus contrarij rationem <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> obtinere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> etſi id ab Ariſt. </s> <s>negatum eſt, conuincitur tamen <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4637"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à ſagacibus rerum exploratoribus oppoſitum hiſce argumentis. </s> <s>Nam plura quidem lumina in eodem <lb></lb>perſpicuo ſeſe intendunt, quæ tamen ſi penitus ſimilia ſtatuantur; nil accipitur eiuſmodi quod fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſsit: ea verò ſeſe viciſsim intendere <expan abbr="manifeſtũ">manifeſtum</expan> eſt, quae medium à duobus luminibus magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab vno, <lb></lb>& eminus illuſtratur. </s> <s>Deinde fingantur oculi plures qui ſint <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſimiles; <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>alter ab altero con<lb></lb>ſpiciatur; ex his vnus afficiet ſanè; ille nimirùm qui cernitur; afficietur alter ille qui cernit. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi<lb></lb>quod minus eſt, afficit maius: nam quantunuis ignis calidus ſit, ex infuſione tepidæ quæ minus calida <lb></lb>eſt; acris ille calor ignis remittetur; <expan abbr="conſimiliq́">conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> glacies ab aëris frigore quod minus eſt, <expan abbr="producet̃">producetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo multò magis ſimile poterit afficere. </s> <s>Poſtremò duæ phialæ vitreę <expan abbr="quantuncunq.">quantuncunque</expan> ſimiles inter ſe <lb></lb>frangunt. </s> <s>& ex his nonmodò redditur Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> dubia, ſed etiam notam videtur ſubire falſitatis. </s> <s>Ad <lb></lb>quæſtionem hanc è Latinis aliqui reſpondent concedendo <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> hanc problematis, ſi maneant duæ hy<lb></lb>potheſes: prima quidem, vbi affectiones habeant perficiendi facultatem, cuiuſmodi eſt illuſtratio me<lb></lb>dij; altera verò, ſi ex <expan abbr="corrumpentiũ">corrumpentium</expan> ordine fuerint; verùm per accidens, vt ſi accipiatur <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, vt quat<lb></lb>tuor in duabus magnitudinibus pedalibus ac fingatur altera contrahi in ſemipedalem, cùm igitur eius <lb></lb>virtus amplificetur; afficere poterit <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ſibi ſimile quod adhuc priſtinam <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> conſeruat: <lb></lb>verùm id eſt per accidens, quia .ſ. </s> <s>alterum propter materiæ <expan abbr="denſitatẽ">denſitatem</expan>, & extenſiuè, vt aiunt, calidius fa<lb></lb>ctum eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà docet vſus <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> in materia ſicca multò efficaciorem eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit in humida, <expan abbr="vulgoq́">vulgoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4638"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tritum illud ſiccitatem eſſe limam caloris. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> impedit curſum noſtræ <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>, ſiquis obiecerit nobis ro<lb></lb>bur qualitatis non ex vno tantùm ſigno noſci, vel quae maiorem ſuæ formæ <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> affectæ materiæ videa<lb></lb>tur incutere; vel quae breuiore temporis interuallo imponat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vel longius <expan abbr="efficacitatẽ">efficacitatem</expan> ſuam produ<lb></lb>cat; neque eius efficacitas quouis ſpatio facilè terminetur, ac putet robur eius qualitatis quæ in minore <lb></lb><expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> contracta eſt, non efficere <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> maiorem, ſed breuiore <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> tantùm afficere, vel longius <expan abbr="effica-citatẽ">effica<lb></lb>citatem</expan> ſuam porrigere. </s> <s>non obſtat hoc, inquam; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> accipiam <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> agens quod temporis <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> formam producat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eius robur quouis ſpatio facilè terminetur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> lucidum; denſea<lb></lb>tur: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> virtus eius amplificabitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm per maius <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> lumen propagabit, ſed <expan abbr="intẽtiorem">intentiorem</expan> <lb></lb>inducet <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>; ſiquidem in minore <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> interuallo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> punctum <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> ſit; agerè certè non poterit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aduerſus hanc <expan abbr="poſitionẽ">poſitionem</expan> hæc dicuntur à Latinis. </s> <s>Statuatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſummæ <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, atque id in magnitudine <lb></lb>pedali collocetur, cum <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> ſit, ſummam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="caliditatẽ">caliditatem</expan> producet; <expan abbr="denſeat̃">denſeatur</expan> poſtmodò, & in molem <expan abbr="ſe-mipedalẽ">ſe<lb></lb>mipedalem</expan> contrahatur; fiet profectò robuſtius, & <expan abbr="intentiorẽ">intentiorem</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit ſumma, producet. </s> <s>Inſuper <lb></lb>id neceſſariò conſequetur, vt aliquid vltra <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> ſuum poſsit aliquando agere, quod ab vniuerſis, vtpo<lb></lb>te abhorrens ab ordine naturæ repudiatur. </s> <s>Idcircò etiam negant ſimile ab altero ſimili, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item per <lb></lb>accidens affici poſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi inſtantiæ quæ à <expan abbr="luminũ">luminum</expan> multiplicatione in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> perſpicuo ſumpta eſt, ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4639"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>videntur occurrere dicentes actionem fieri robuſtiorem ſolùm, quae aut <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> breuiore, aut ad ſpatium <lb></lb>maius. </s> <s>Sed tamen ipſi videant, ſit'ne illuſtrius pellucidum ex præſentia duorum <expan abbr="luminũ">luminum</expan> æqualium, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>alterius ſolùm, & explorent ſit'ne breuius <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> illuminationis quæ fit à pluribus luminibus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab vno. <lb></lb></s> <s>veriſimile <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit, eodem medio permanente, tandiu conſeruari lumen, quoad permaneat ignis, vnde <expan abbr="pẽ-det">pen<lb></lb>det</expan>. </s> <s>hîc verò tandiu conſiſtit; quandiu manet eius pabulum, & actus illuminandi <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> puncto tem<lb></lb>poris obitur. </s> <s>Nam quod experti ſunt qui regiones nouas Hiſpanorum luſtrant; etiam ab occaſu Solis <lb></lb>per multò maius <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> durare crepuſculum <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> apud nos. </s> <s>ex <expan abbr="caliginũ">caliginum</expan> denſitate proficiſci reor; habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>aër ille vim repercutiendi lumen ſolis ad nos: ex quo item nos experti ſumus in hac aëris craſsitie cre<lb></lb>puſculum fieri longius; & Aſtrologi monſtrant <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in eadem aëris conſtitutione ſolem videri prius ſoli<lb></lb>to exoriri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> purgata eſt ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſuſpicione, vt arbitror, illa hypotheſis, vt ſummè <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> ſit et produ<lb></lb>cturum <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>, quàm ſummam <expan abbr="caliditatẽ">caliditatem</expan>, ſi conſpiſſetur: tum quia non <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> denſatio calidi tuetur <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> <lb></lb>formam. </s> <s>repugnat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> valde calido condenſatio, cùm eius propria ſit raritas: ideò contingit, vt ex <expan abbr="cõcre-tione">concre<lb></lb>tione</expan> ſuffocetur & intereat; quandò prohibetur eius tranſpiratio; tum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſiquis haud ita generatim <lb></lb>concluſum reputet, ſed calori ſolùm conuenire autumet ex denſatione ſuffocari, cùm diuerſis interitùs <lb></lb>formulis ipſe ſolus ſit obſtrictus, audiat hoc, quia non augeſcit eius gradus ex denſatione, ſed propter <lb></lb>materiæ <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan> multiplicatur duntaxat eius efficacitas: necnon quae cum priore raritate vel non <expan abbr="sũ-">sun<lb></lb></expan> <pb pagenum="793"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4640"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mam <expan abbr="caliditatẽ">caliditatem</expan> producebat, vel poſteà tempore breuiore, vel ad maius interuallum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> anteà produxit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quid ſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicamus eius <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> denſeſceret, non fuiſſe <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan>, & ita ex denſitate gradum eius <lb></lb>excreuiſſe? </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſummum eſt, non ſimpliciter accipitur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſuprà declarauimus, ſed ſe<lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & talis eſt elementi calor, & hypeccaumatis; ille tamen ex inflammatione adaugeſcit; <lb></lb>cęterùm non eſt id ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Eſto igitur, quae in certa raritate ſit ſummus; tantus eſt <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſimpliciter, vt totam .ſ. </s> <s>latitudinem caloris abſolutè <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan> quæ <expan abbr="pẽdet">pendet</expan> ex materia <lb></lb>quæ non modò accipit ea quæ ſunt ex natura ſimpliciter, ſed illa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæ ſunt contra formæ naturam; <lb></lb>addo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> illa quæ <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> naturæ aduerſantur <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis, & eiuſmodi ponitur à nobis ipſa combuſtio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ponitur vt abſurdum, aliquid vltra ſuas vires <expan abbr="acturũ">acturum</expan>, nec <expan abbr="ſapientiſsimorũ">ſapientiſsimorum</expan> placitis aduerſatur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> experientiis: nam teſte Galeno <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> fimus columbinus ſponte ſua <expan abbr="cõbuſtus">combuſtus</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem auctor aſſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4641"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rebat <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> exiguum adepta <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> maximè <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> impelli, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> longè prius à <expan abbr="Peripatetico-rũ">Peripatetico<lb></lb>rum</expan> duce fuerat aſſeueratum, vbi docuit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ex ſe moueri eodem planè motu quo ab efficiente age<lb></lb>retur, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi materia deprehendatur in motu ab ingeſto medicamento, quanuis parui ſit pon<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4642"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deris, & imbecillum; plurimos tamen humores <expan abbr="cõmouere">commouere</expan> poterit. </s> <s><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>mouebat <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> paruas <lb></lb>mutationes in principio; poſtmodò fieri maximas in progreſſu. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Alexander, vn<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4643"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de mutuatus eſt Auerroës, in tribus euentis <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> propoſitionem concedere viſus eſt, ſi agens fuerit ſecun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4644"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dùm, non primùm: nam <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ſupra vires ſuas operari, cùm adhuc <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> primi retineat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>ſemen quod <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> producit; tametſi à patre ſecretum eſt: ſi propinquum, non <expan abbr="remotũ">remotum</expan>, quod patet <lb></lb>in iis motibus qui à ſpontaneis adminiſtrantur: nam prima parte <expan abbr="cõmota">commota</expan>, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ipſa quieuerit, per <expan abbr="ſuc-ceſsionẽ">ſuc<lb></lb>ceſsionem</expan> partibus proximis ille motus <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>: ſi etiam fuerit per accidens: album <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <lb></lb>efficit hominem: ad <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> per accidens refer <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> varietatem ſubiecti, quemadmodum oſtendimus in <lb></lb>calore & frigore, cùm in materia rariore, denſioreúe conſiſtunt, <expan abbr="cõſimiliq́ue">conſimilique</expan> modo alias cauſſas aduen<lb></lb>titias, vt validum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, cùm ex eo vel aliqua incenduntur, vt aër, & lignum, vel aqua etiam refrigera<lb></lb>tur, aut cùm ex aquæ infuſione calx feruet. </s> <s>inerat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in calce calor, ſed ipſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> propter humoris ino<lb></lb>piam ſopitus; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> illo accedente factus eſt amplior. </s> <s>Ergo multa ſupra gradum ſuum efficere <expan abbr="conce-dendũ">conce<lb></lb>dendum</expan> eſt, niſi fortè cùm Pomponatio dicamus. </s> <s>actionem formæ cuiuſpiam, vel ſuppoſiti bifariam ſpe<lb></lb>ctari poſſe, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut per ſe <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> ab omni lege, & appendicula <expan abbr="ſeiunctã">ſeiunctam</expan>, aut cum aliqua conditione, ac ſi ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4645"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obligata forma <expan abbr="capiat̃">capiatur</expan>, falſum eſſe prorſus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſupra gradum <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> agere poſſe: erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> gradus ille talis for<lb></lb>mæ, licèt ſuperet eius gradum, ſi ſine legibus accipiatur: etenim corpus <expan abbr="acutũ">acutum</expan> velocius agitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> <lb></lb>& latum, quanuis <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> pondus ſit æquale, & id dabo facillimè, dummodò ſumpſerit <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>, non ſanè <lb></lb>tanquàm formæ <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, ſed vt efficitatis incrementum: hoc eſt, quae inſignior actio quidem ſit, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4646"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma perfectior in ſubiecto non imprimatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quæ ab efficiente primo per ſe contributa fuit, & vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> planius eloquar, ſi intentio more <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> nouo non in amplificatione potentiæ, ſed actus ſecundi, ex <lb></lb>quo per <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> paſsionis incutitur patienti, ſumatur: nam ſi ignis aliquod corpus afficiat, in hoc certè <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> inducere <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſeu qualitatem quæ ſit multò, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſuaipſius efficacior, veluti ſi ferrum à ſtupa <expan abbr="inflã-metur">inflan<lb></lb>metur</expan>: nam magis vrit <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> candens, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſtupa; rarò verò intentior, atque perfectior. </s> <s>Sic ab ignaro, & <lb></lb>male dicendo ſæpè ſignificatur <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> boni, ſic vt etiam in tyrone, vbi agitetur; bonæ <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> plagę <lb></lb>inferuntur, ac pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> conditionum à cauſſa <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> debili bonum aliquod inſigne præſtatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſum-mũ">ſum<lb></lb>mum</expan> ſimpliciter in ſuo genere prouehitur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> multitudo materiæ <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> gradum, velut <foreign lang="grc">ἐντε<lb></lb>λέχεια</foreign> quædam continet. </s> <s>Sic igitur concluſum eſt, quemadmodum ſimile ab altero ſimili patiatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed videamus item ſit'ne alius modus quo actio eliciatur ex formis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4637"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4638"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4639"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4640"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4641"></margin.target>a 3. de <expan abbr="tẽp">temp</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4642"></margin.target>b 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4643"></margin.target>c 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4644"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4645"></margin.target>d <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 2. de <lb></lb>act. </s> <s>reali. <lb></lb></s> <s>art. </s> <s>vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4646"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sola'ne formæ multitudo amplificet actionem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IAM verò conſtitit nobis, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> à compluribus receptum fuerat, amplificationis actionum cauſ<lb></lb>ſas eſſe <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan>, & per ſe, & ex euento: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illud à nemine <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> negatum, à gradu maiore formę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4647"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> maiorem proficiſci, necnon à <expan abbr="pleriſq.">pleriſque</expan> conceſſum materiæ multitudinem, <expan abbr="quĩn">quinn</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> <lb></lb>materiæ patientis <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> facere ad amplificationem actionis & efficacitatis, ſed non opinor item abſur<lb></lb>dum, ſi ſtatuamus à multitudine formæ actionem etiam variari. </s> <s>Sed illud video dubitatum. </s> <s>Vtrùm <lb></lb>forma ſine materia multiplicari poſsit; an vbi pendeat à materia duntaxat. </s> <s>At ſpecta obſecro duplex <lb></lb><expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> genus quod reſpicit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quidem quod intrinſecùs inhæret in materia, & ab efficien<lb></lb>te <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> ſuum ipſius materiæ fit: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum quod materiam non informat, & ab ipſo efficiente per<lb></lb>petuò pendet, veluti lumen in pellucido, & in mediis quæ ſunt idonea recipere ſenſilium formas: in <lb></lb>ſubiecto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt, non vt ex parte ſubiecti expreſſa, ſed vt acceſſoria; quocirca ſine vlla interna ſubiecti <lb></lb>tranſmutatione adſunt, & abſunt. </s> <s>Quare non verebor equidem, plura hæc lumina ſimul ad <expan abbr="multipli-cationẽ">multipli<lb></lb>cationem</expan> formæ referre, quæ materiæ multitudine <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> indigeat, & cum cauſſæ vel vniuoca ſint, vel vt en<lb></lb>telechiæ, non inficiabor ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> genere ſuos effectus ea ſtante hypotheſi prodire maiores. </s> <s>Et quan<lb></lb>uis norim, non <expan abbr="paruã">paruam</expan> exiſtere <expan abbr="controuerſiã">controuerſiam</expan> inter philoſophos de multiplicatione <expan abbr="luminũ">luminum</expan> in perſpicuo <lb></lb>nonnullis opinantibus è pluribus luminibus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fieri: nam ſi minus: ergo duo accidentia quæ ſolùm <lb></lb>numero ſeparantur, in eodem ſubiecto permanerent; oppoſitum verò dicunt aſſeri ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> contrà <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4648"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opticis ab <expan abbr="vmbrarũ">vmbrarum</expan> multiplicatione probantib. vnum non fieri ex illis, & vitium in <expan abbr="aduerſariorũ">aduerſariorum</expan> obie<lb></lb>ctione notantibus. </s> <s>Nam cùm accidentia ſint in materia, vel diuiduè, & ſibi <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> materiæ <expan abbr="portionẽ">portionem</expan> ven<lb></lb>dicent, vel indiuiduè, & quemadmodum nos anteà diximus, acceſſoriè, & forinſecùs; id quod ipſi con <pb pagenum="794"></pb>cludunt, ad primum illud accidentium genus pertinere; abſurdum verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe multa ſimul ex iis quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4649"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt alterius generis, in eodem ſubiecto conſiſtere, ſic multos odores, & multas ſpecies aſpectabilium <lb></lb>ab aëre accipi. </s> <s>Mihi certè poſterior hæc <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> probatur. </s> <s>Verùm quia poſſet adhuc ſcrupulus ille reſtare <lb></lb>qui malè nos haberet; quo pacto è pluribus luminibus vnum fiat quod ſit efficacius. </s> <s>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſenſus ita eſ<lb></lb>ſe teſtatur, & periculum <expan abbr="euitet̃">euitetur</expan>, ne fortè ſimile alterum ſimile afficiat. </s> <s>Dicerem equidem, vt ante expo<lb></lb>ſui, accidentia quæ intrinſecùs inhærent in ſubiecto, ſic vt ab efficiente ſegregentur, velut album; eiuſ<lb></lb>dem gradus in eodem ſubiecto plura non conſiſtere, ſed vnum tantum. </s> <s>Nec id ſibi vult aliud. </s> <s>Omne <lb></lb>recipiens eſſe debere priuatum natura recipienda, niſi quòd duo ſimilia non capit idem ſubiectum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi poſitum ſit in habitudine, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> extrinſecùs accedat ſubiecto, cùm plures habitudines ſecum <lb></lb>non pugnent, quia ſunt incorporeæ, & indiuiduæ, ſimiliter ſi fuerint formæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eductæ, vt aiunt, de po<lb></lb>teſtate materiæ: nec infingantur in ſubiecto; licèt <expan abbr="terminent̃">terminentur</expan> ſubiectis, non reputo abſurdum quæ <expan abbr="cõ-ueniunt">con<lb></lb>ueniunt</expan> in eſſentia in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto multiplicari poſſe. </s> <s>Sic ſpecies extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & rerum ſenſilium <lb></lb>formæ in medio, quae in materia non imbibuntur, ſed ex alio pendent aſsiduè. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habitudines obiecti <lb></lb>ad medium; in medio, multæ ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contrariæ, ſic de multis luminibus aſſeram. </s> <s>Nec quae vnum <lb></lb>lumen intentius videatur, vllum negocium mihi faceſsit, tum quòd non ingratis hoc dabo; tum item, <lb></lb>quòd <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id neceſſarium, & <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> eſſe docebo. </s> <s>Sit hoc <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan>; determinatam eſſe <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4650"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam diffunditur efficacitas agentis. </s> <s>Stet & hoc nobis minus illuminatum ad illuminatius eſſe veluti <lb></lb>poteſtatem in perſpicuo. </s> <s>Maneat <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> viſionem fieri per pyramidem, robur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> obiecti ſeſe prodere <lb></lb>in eius diametro, ac viſionem fieri per reflexionem. </s> <s>Memento <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſpecies rerum ſenſilium eſſe vt ha<lb></lb>bitudines obiectorum cauſſa, & vt habitus ad ſuſcipientia: & obſerua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aliquam <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> alia maiorem <lb></lb>eſſe poſſe, quae ex pluribus mediis collecta fuerit, & ex certioribus. </s> <s>Pone tu nunc multa lumina; multas <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> partes pellucidi illuſtrabunt, ad quas vnius virtus peruenire non poterat. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> illa ex parte medium <lb></lb>efficietur illuſtrius. </s> <s>Cogita reflexionem ex certa angulorum diſpoſitione exoriri; efficietur, vt ab hoc <lb></lb>lumine ad hunc ſitum fortior reflexio fiat, & viſio longè exquiſitior. </s> <s>Ita fit vt lumina mutari, & <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> <lb></lb>admoueri velimus. </s> <s>Igitur & partim per <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan>, & partim per <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan> medium fit illuminatius; <lb></lb>attamen ex illis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſimpliciter lumen non fiet, quia præter habitum qui ponitur in medio; accedit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>habitudo quæ perpetuò retinetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vt habitus ex minore & maiore vnum fieri poterit intentius, <lb></lb>ſed ex habitudine ſemper diſtinguetur. </s> <s>Hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poſito nulla neceſsitas erit, quae ſimile afficiat ſimile, <lb></lb>ſed <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> pellucidum, aut maius immutabit minus. </s> <s>Sed cùm philoſophi nobiliſsimi nob. </s> <s>hoc loco re<lb></lb>ſiſtant opponentes <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe lumen intentius ex pluribus neceſſariò; nefas eſſet illorum dicta pręterire. <lb></lb></s> <s>Obiiciunt verò ea plura eſſe non poſſe. </s> <s>Quoniam per idem res eſt ſimpliciter, & vna. </s> <s>Sed per ſubie<lb></lb>ctum accidens eſt; ergo & vnum. </s> <s>Vbi igitur vnum fuerit ſubiectum; accidens item <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit neceſſe eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4651"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Deinde vtor argumento Ariſtotelis ex 4. Phyſ. vbi probat in vno loco <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe eſſe, niſi vnum corpus; <lb></lb>nam ſi plura; nil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> vetaret; quominus eſſent infinita. </s> <s>Sic igitur ſi in vno ſubiecto plura acciden<lb></lb>tia, cur non item infinita? </s> <s>atqui hoc abſurdum: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> datur infinitum, nec plura igitur. </s> <s>Poſtremò <lb></lb>formæ <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> generis non ſunt in eodem ſubiecto: ergo multò minus eæ quæ ſunt eiuſdem ſpeciei ſo<lb></lb>lo numero diſtinctæ: magis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparãtur">ſeparantur</expan> illa quæ ſpecie diſtinguuntur, quàm ea quæ ſolo numero, ſed <lb></lb>illæ non conſiſtunt: multò igitur minus ſolo numero differentia conſiſtent. </s> <s>Etenim ad primum dicam <lb></lb>illa verè enunciari de ſubiectis quæ intrinſecùs inhærent in materia: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt verum cauſſa ſubiecti, <lb></lb>ſed vbi poſita ſint in habitudine, & extrinſecùs accedant; nulla cauſſa eſt idonea coniungere ipſa ſim<lb></lb>pliciter; nam diſtinguuntur ex vi terminorum. </s> <s>Ad eam rationem quæ accipitur ab Ariſtotele; dico <lb></lb>ineſſe <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan> à ſimpliciter ad ſecundùm quid. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> infert quod naſcitur ex natu<lb></lb>ra corporis, ſi plura in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> loco ponantur: at illi accipiunt abſurdum quod naſcitur ex natura infiniti. <lb></lb></s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> propter infinitum ſimpliciter illud ſequebatur, ſed propter infinitatem corporum: at hîc <expan abbr="ab-ſurdũ">ab<lb></lb>ſurdum</expan> non ſequitur ex infinito, quia <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi infinita accidentia forent, vt lumen; nihilominus in vno me<lb></lb>dio conſiſterent, quia non repugnat hoc naturæ accidentium. </s> <s>etſi repugnat, repugnat naturæ ſimplici<lb></lb>ter quæ non tolerat infinitum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nec illic duo corpora, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hîc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> tantum <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>: cùm repugnet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4652"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>multitudo naturæ corporum; accidentis verò naturæ non repugnet, vitium in argumento continetur <lb></lb>quod eſt non cauſſæ vt cauſſa. </s> <s>Quantum eſt de tertio; niſi menda ſubſit in ſcriptura; non video <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> argumenti à maiori. </s> <s>ac ſi tueri velis <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> à maiori falſum erit <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan>: multo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> minus <lb></lb><expan abbr="diſtãt">diſtant</expan> ea quæ numero, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quæ ſpecie <expan abbr="diſtinguunt̃">diſtinguuntur</expan>, ſi ex eadem categoria ſumantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> res explicatu <lb></lb>difficilis: veruntamen ſumma veritatis hæc mihi <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm Platone libentiſsimè <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> aut <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> aliter <lb></lb>eſſe doce, aut <expan abbr="mecũ">mecum</expan> ſic crede, donec <expan abbr="meli9">melius</expan> inueneris. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> venuſtiſsimo poëta de hac <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> ſic <expan abbr="pronũciabo">pronunciabo</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4647"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4648"></margin.target>e 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4649"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4650"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4651"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4652"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>-<emph type="italics"></emph>ſi tibi vera videtur</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Dede manus; ſi falſa est; accingere contrà<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quod verò alter oculus ſimilis <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmoueat">commoueat</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt cauſſa ſimilitudo, ſed in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> poteſtas & act{09} <lb></lb><expan abbr="reperit̃">reperitur</expan>, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> altero mouet, altero <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, color nimirùm, & pelluciditas: color <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> habet vim <expan abbr="mo-uẽdi">mo<lb></lb>uendi</expan> <expan abbr="pellucidũ">pellucidum</expan>, & in oculo <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> duæ partes: pupilla quæ <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> oculi totius admittit: & pars colorata quę <lb></lb>propriè <expan abbr="ſpectat̃">ſpectatur</expan>. </s> <s>At cur <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dicemus in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſimili geminas eſſe partes <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan>, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> per <lb></lb><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> agit? </s> <s>An materia <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="cõuerſa">conuerſa</expan> eſt, & ad <expan abbr="ſimilẽ">ſimilem</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> amplius habet <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>; idcirco nulla <lb></lb>actio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> perpeſsio <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> inter illa intercedere. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> de duab. phialis æqualib. & <expan abbr="cõſimilibus">conſimilibus</expan> op<lb></lb>ponitur; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diluitur, quae inter ſe afficiunt, quà diſsimiles <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, & propter <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="diſsimilitudinẽ">diſsimilitudinem</expan> in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="poteſta-temq́">poteſta<lb></lb>temque</expan>. </s> <s>diſſoluuntur. </s> <s>habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> vt ſimul durę <expan abbr="fragileſq́">fragileſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint, & <expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan> afficit, fregile patitur, neque <pb pagenum="795"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4653"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan> immutat, aut fragile à fragili <expan abbr="immutat̃">immutatur</expan>. </s> <s>Hoc loco video te illicò <expan abbr="cogitantẽ">cogitantem</expan>, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="affectio-nẽ">affectio<lb></lb>nem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="fortuitã">fortuitam</expan>; quoad .ſ. </s> <s>accidit in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſimul eſſe fragile & <expan abbr="durũ">durum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="præiudicatũ">præiudicatum</expan> eſt hæc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe con<lb></lb>traria, ſed cogita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in iis quæ <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ineſſe poteſtatis ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>: cęterùm fragile qua<lb></lb>tenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> eſt <expan abbr="idoneũ">idoneum</expan> pati à duro. </s> <s>Quapropter inter illa <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> per ſe ponere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dubitabo. </s> <s>Si cui <lb></lb>verò <expan abbr="aduerſitatẽ">aduerſitatem</expan> actio poſtulare <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>, ea & actu & virtute <expan abbr="diſtinguẽda">diſtinguenda</expan> eſt. </s> <s>hîc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> virtute <expan abbr="collocãda">collocanda</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quia verò Marſilius argumentatus eſt ducta ratione ab iis quæ contracta vehementius afficiunt, noto <lb></lb>illa tum maioris roboris & efficacitatis eſſe ſi non actu, ſaltem virtute, & ita ſeſe afficere, non vt ſimi<lb></lb>lia, ſed vt oppoſita: nam minus, vt dictum eſt, ad maius vim oppoſiti ſuſtinet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4653"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſtituitur diſceptatio de repaſſione, & ad falſam partem problematis argumenta reci<lb></lb>tantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MAIVS opus moueo nunc, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> repaſsionis cauſſas & <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="litterarũ">litterarum</expan> <expan abbr="monumẽtis">monumentis</expan> tradere <expan abbr="cõſtituo">conſtituo</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>hic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt locus in quo maxima ſeſe offert <expan abbr="cõtrouerſia">controuerſia</expan> <expan abbr="dirimẽ">dirimen</expan> da: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> proptereà quæ decreuit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>de mutua <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> affectione, ſiue repaſsione, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Gręci <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ἀντιπάθειαν</foreign>, Latini ſophiſtę verſutiorés pla<lb></lb>nè <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> rotæ ſigulares, viribus ingenij freti, <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> abeſt, quin <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="cõturbarint">conturbarint</expan>: dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="perpẽdunt">perpendunt</expan> qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>fiat hæc affectio mutua; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſius <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſatis expreſsit; nihilominus & ſeſe, & nos <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> plurib. <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4654"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cauillis intricant & <expan abbr="impediũt">impediunt</expan>, & <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> in iis nonnulli, meo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iudicio, ſint acutiſsimi, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> <lb></lb>dignę, vt <expan abbr="perpẽdant̃">perpendantur</expan>; plerique <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> inepti <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, & riſu <expan abbr="explodẽdi">explodendi</expan>; <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ij fuerint, <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> volumine <lb></lb>in hac re <expan abbr="euoluẽda">euoluenda</expan> <expan abbr="cõſumpſerunt">conſumpſerunt</expan>, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus negocij nobis impendeat, ſi ſeria ſecernere velimus à io<lb></lb>cis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> ex merito tractare ſtudeamus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> rei natura, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> obſcuriſsima, <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> præbet <expan abbr="occa-ſionẽ">occa<lb></lb>ſionem</expan> diſputandi: idcirco nob. </s> <s>in hac diſceptatione & perſpicuitati ſimul & breuitati <expan abbr="cõſulendũ">conſulendum</expan> eſt, quae <lb></lb>vt via, <expan abbr="facileq́">facileque</expan>. </s> <s>præſtemus, inſtituimus ante alia <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> <expan abbr="qõnis">quaestionis</expan> explicare, deinde illa <expan abbr="percẽſere">percenſere</expan> <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ipſius <lb></lb>rei natura <expan abbr="cõtrouerſa">controuerſa</expan> <expan abbr="reddebat̃">reddebatur</expan> iis dimiſsis quę <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> habere <expan abbr="videãtur">videantur</expan>, tum <expan abbr="ſnĩas">ſententias</expan> illas recitare, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>à <expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> placitis minus alienę <expan abbr="cẽſebunt̃">cenſebuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="cõfutatis">confutatis</expan> adſcribemus <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan>, & ex ea poſtremò <lb></lb>conabimur <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> obiecta refellere. </s> <s>Verùm prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="pũctũ">punctum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtituo">conſtituo</expan> <expan abbr="qõnis">quaestionis</expan>; illud <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> primis indicabo; tamet<lb></lb>ſi agere & pati <expan abbr="ſolẽt">ſolent</expan> accipi ſub generali <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> notione, ita vt <expan abbr="sũma">summa</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> genera ſint, & <expan abbr="cõplectant̃">complectantur</expan> item <lb></lb>mouere & moueri, & quicquid prorſus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vel <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> habet à ſeipſo transfundit ad aliud. </s> <s>& è <lb></lb>poteſtate ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> prouehit, aut actum <expan abbr="qũocunq.">quocunque</expan> accipit in ſeipſo: nihilominus diſputationis <expan abbr="nr̃ę">nrnę</expan> ſcopus <lb></lb>eſt diſſerere de repaſsione illa quæ eſt <expan abbr="trãſmutatio">tranſmutatio</expan> in tertia ſpecie qualitatis; <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> de ea quæ pertinet ad <expan abbr="la-tionẽ">la<lb></lb>tionem</expan> multa multò ante <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> expoſita; Repaſsione, <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> & antipathean inter qualitateis tertię ſpeciei <expan abbr="nõ-nulli">non<lb></lb>nulli</expan> <expan abbr="negarũt">negarunt</expan>. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> phyſici eſt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> reuocare ad ſenſum; ipſe verò <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="mõſtrat">monſtrat</expan>, quippe qui expe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4655"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="riat̃">riatur</expan> <expan abbr="calidã">calidam</expan> & <expan abbr="frigidã">frigidam</expan> <expan abbr="tẽperari">temperari</expan> viciſsim, & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ſicco terreo terminari, <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> acceſsione aquæ emol<lb></lb>liri; & ex mutuo manus <expan abbr="ſinuſq́">ſinuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtactu">contactu</expan> <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> calefieri, <expan abbr="ſinũ">ſinum</expan> verò refrigerari, idcirco de eo ipſo quae antipa<lb></lb>th<foreign lang="grc">ει</foreign>a ſit, ambigere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> debet <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus illi <expan abbr="dubitandũ">dubitandum</expan> eſt qui <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> requirit; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>in<lb></lb>numeris in locis de mutua <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> perpeſsione meminerit; ſed conſilium <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> erit, vt <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ſenſus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="oſtẽdit">oſtendit</expan>, & approbat Ariſt. </s> <s>illam tueamur ab argumentis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ipſa <expan abbr="cõflictari">conflictari</expan> ſolet. </s> <s><expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> verò ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="pręſtã-dã">pręſtan<lb></lb>dam</expan> multa <expan abbr="deſiderant̃">deſiderantur</expan> <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ſiquid defecerit, de medio <expan abbr="tollat̃">tollatur</expan> oportet; & primùm, ne <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex his afficiat <lb></lb>metaphoricè, vel ambiguè, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> verè & propriè. </s> <s>deinde ne <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> principaliter afficiat, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ex <expan abbr="cõ-ſequenti">con<lb></lb>ſequenti</expan> <expan abbr="patiat̃">patiatur</expan>, vt à frigido <expan abbr="ſiccũ">ſiccum</expan>, tùm <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vt in materia <expan abbr="cõueniant">conueniant</expan>; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>proxima ſint, ea verò <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vel <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> ſunt, vel ex elementis, <expan abbr="necnõ">necnon</expan> vt in ſuæ efficacitatis ambitu <expan abbr="cõtineant̃">contineantur</expan>, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <lb></lb>per hoc <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="flãmula">flammula</expan> <expan abbr="cõburat">comburat</expan>; per illud calefaciat, vltrà nihil efficiat prorſus. </s> <s>Ideò nos ſtatuimus ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="refutãdas">refutandas</expan> <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> <expan abbr="inſtãtias">inſtantias</expan>: <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> agere propriè, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> metaphoricè; præcipuè, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex <expan abbr="cõſecutione">conſecutione</expan>. </s> <s>inſuper <expan abbr="eã-dem">ean<lb></lb>dem</expan> <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> eſſe materiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem propinquam, vt tamen proxima non ſit, quippe quæ <lb></lb>ſpecie diſtinguatur, & elementum <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> aut ex elemento, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſupra conſtituimus: & vtra<lb></lb>que volumus intra ambitum ſuæ <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> efficacitatis contineri, tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ponimus conuenientem quan<lb></lb>dam exuperationem agentis ad patiens; ne imbecillioris interitus conſequatur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> expendimus argu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4656"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menta, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi omnes hæ conditiones adſint, videtur repaſsio confutari. </s> <s>Sunt verò potiſsimè quat<lb></lb>tuor, quanuis ad treis fonteis perbellè referri valeant. </s> <s>Horum <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Agens & patiens aut eſſe vi<lb></lb>rium æqualium, aut inæqualium, ac ſi æqualium virium <expan abbr="roborisq́">roborisque</expan>. </s> <s>paris fuerint, nulla igitur actio po<lb></lb>terit inde proficiſci: ſi illa manent, & vera ſunt quæ nos olim ex Ariſtotele de mouentium proportio<lb></lb>ne docuimus: quae ſi fuerit roboris inæqualis, validius ſanè imbecilliori vim afferet: at id contrà vicem <lb></lb>validiori rependere non poterit: quamobrem nulla repaſsio dabitur in natura. </s> <s>Deinde ſi <expan abbr="repaſsionẽ">repaſsionem</expan> <lb></lb>natura præſtaret, ea prorſus à contrariis obiretur: ergo vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore contraria in eodem ſub<lb></lb>iecto poſſent intendi, ita fieret, vt idem ſubiectum duob. </s> <s>motib. contrariis ageretur, & vnà procede<lb></lb>ret ad formas oppoſitas, quod non minus omnem captum ſuperat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> naturæ ipſi repugnet. </s> <s>fingamus <lb></lb>enim calidum quadruplo excellere frigidum, vt .ſ. </s> <s>totum calidum afficiat frigidum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud totum: <lb></lb>frigidum verò quartam calidi partem immutare: pars hæc à frigido refrigeratur, ſed ipſamet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> à ca<lb></lb>lore reſiduo promouetur ad calidum: contrariis igitur motib. agitur ea pars. </s> <s>Tertiò ſi ignis aquam ca<lb></lb>lore afficiat per aërem medium; & idem ab aqua repatiatur, aër igitur medius duob. </s> <s>motib. contrariis <lb></lb>agitabitur, quemadmodum antea de parte obiectum eſt: in idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> hæc argumenta recidunt, <lb></lb>& aduerſantur iis quæ plurib. 5. Phyſ. demonſtrauit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Poſtremò nullum agens poterit omni<lb></lb>no ſibi ſimile reddere patiens: nam virtus <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> ſemper à contrario remittetur, & aſsiduè labefacta<lb></lb>bitur. </s> <s>ſic id quod erat olim ſummum tempore ſimul, & actione procedente remittetur, aut igitur, ſi <pb pagenum="796"></pb>ſummum non eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam prouehet ad ſummum, aut vltra gradum ſuæ efficacitatis efficiet, & vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4657"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res ſuas, velut audax quidam Bellerophon, vltrà, quàm licèt protendendo ſibi necem parabit, aut plu<lb></lb>rimùm continget id quod præter naturæ ordinem exiſtet: plurimum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contraria ſibi ſimile propaga<lb></lb>bunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id afflicta præſtabunt quod integra non potuerunt. </s> <s>Hæc illa ſunt argumenta, quæ ita nodo<lb></lb>ſa, & contorta ſemper habita ſunt, vt multi è Latinis philoſophis (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæ difficultates Græcorum <lb></lb>ſcholas attentarunt, quae cauſſas repaſsionis exploratas <expan abbr="haberẽt">haberent</expan>) Ad Ariſtotelis placitum defendendum <lb></lb>varia figmenta cogitauerint quæ mirum quantum à mente ſapientiſsimi præceptoris abhorrent, à quo <lb></lb>tamen rei veritatem ſine vlla verborum circuitione enarratam fuiſſe credimus, vt qui modò parum vi<lb></lb>gilet, eam probè perſpicere queat. </s> <s>Conabimur ergo nos pro virili parte nunc eorum vitia qui aliqua <lb></lb>ſcitu digna excogitarunt, indicare.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4654"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4655"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4656"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4657"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sententiæ complurium Latinorum de repaſſione confutantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TRES in hac diſceptatione ſententiæ mihi videntur primas obtinere (nam mitto illam, quae cùm bi<lb></lb>nis qualitatib. prædita ſint ſingula elementa, per alteram quidem afficiant, alterius verò priuile<lb></lb>gio patiantur, vt ſi ignis aquam afficiat, quia calidus, ab ea repatiatur, quoniam ſiccus: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accepi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4658"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus repaſsionem per contraria miniſtrari) earum verò prima eſt; in elementis animaduertendam eſſe <lb></lb>nonmodò efficiendi facultatem, verùm etiam reſiſtendi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> has eiuſdem gradus, & facultatis non eſſe, <lb></lb>quinimmò contrà ſeſe habere, vt ſiquid efficiendi vi polleat, id protinus imbecilliter admodùm reſi<lb></lb>ſtat; ac ſiquid contrà plurimum reſiſtat, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit efficacitatis exiguæ: quapropter cum elemen<lb></lb>ta ſuperiora ſint admodùm efficacia; minimè item reſiſtant: contrà aqua & terra, quae parum poſſunt; <lb></lb>plurimum reſiſtunt. </s> <s>Omnino verò ſi vires agendi cum virib. reſiſtendi conferantur; ſemper inferiores <lb></lb>abeunt reſiſtendi vires, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> efficiendi. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ſint, optimè conſonant ea quæ de repaſsione conſtituta <lb></lb>fuerunt; & illa defenduntur quæ tametſi ſenſum non aufugiunt, mentem nihilominus fallunt: nam <lb></lb>ſeſe contraria viciſsim afficient, & actio ſemper ex maiore proportione naſcetur; proptereà quae obſerua<lb></lb>tur proportio inter efficacitatem & reſiſtentiam, ſuperatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab efficacitate reſiſtentia. </s> <s>Verumenim<lb></lb>uerò hanc poſitionem nonnulli oppugnant, & inſtantiæ occaſionem à capite arceſſunt: nam demon<lb></lb>ſtrare nituntur neceſſarium illud eſſe, vt vires cum agendi, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> reſiſtendi ſint ſemper æquales. </s> <s>Pri<lb></lb>mum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquiunt, actionem & affectionem ſpectari inter ipſas met qualitates, aut inter corpora quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ſubiecta qualitatib. cuiuſmodi ſunt elementa, ſed ſiue elementa ſint, ſiue qualitates quædam, ſim<lb></lb>plices naturæ ſunt, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis qualitates ipſæ, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> elementa. </s> <s>ſi igitur ſimplices naturæ ſunt, ex toto af<lb></lb>ficiunt pariter, & reſiſtunt: & par ergo eſt <expan abbr="viriuſq.">viriuſque</expan> facultatis gradus. </s> <s>Prætereà primus <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4659"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ralis ſcopus eſt, vt <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> propaget alterum, ſui ipſius tutelam gerat: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vulgò fertur præcipua chari<lb></lb>tas aduerſus ſeipſum eſſe debet, ne fortè illud ei poſsit exprobrari.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4658"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4659"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Odi ſapientem, qui ſibiipſi ſapiens non est;<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>aut alterum illud.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Qui ſibi ſemitam non ſapiunt, alteri monſtrant viam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>& illud omnino <foreign lang="grc">τό νυκνήμης</foreign>. </s> <s>proptereà dicunt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> generis virium paria eſſe momenta. </s> <s>Cùm igi<lb></lb>tur reſiſtentia ſit ad ſui tutelam, efficacitas ad aliud producendum inſtituta; tantùm abeſt, vt efficaci<lb></lb>tas maior tribuenda ſit elementís, vt potius reſiſtentia ſit præponenda. </s> <s>Quia verò poſſet tergiuerſari <lb></lb>quiſpiam dicens appetitum ſpeciei multò præſtantiorem, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>efficaciorem eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> indiuidui: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>item ſic ea ſententia defendi poteſt. </s> <s>quae cùm in elementis ſuperiorib. minor reſiſtentia ponatur, in infe<lb></lb>riorib. efficacitas minor; ratio reddenda eſt cur natura elementorum ſuperiorum propagationi magis <lb></lb>conſuluerit, quàm inferiorum: & profectò naturę officium, niſi varietatis cauſſa reddatur, eſt vnifor<lb></lb>me. </s> <s>Proptereà dicunt aliqui <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> generis virium parem eſſe præſtantiam. </s> <s>Sed ſi omnia contraria <lb></lb>ſunt eiuſdem gradus; non poteſt euitari, quin actio ab æquali, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à ſuperante proficiſcatur: affi<lb></lb>ciet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calidum vt quattuor frigus item quod reſiſtet vt quattuor. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dixerunt alij è binis qualitatib. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4660"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſingula elementa conſtituuntur, alteram tantùm in agendo eſſe ſuperiorem, vt in igni calorem, <lb></lb>in aqua <expan abbr="humorẽ">humorem</expan>, & eas omnino quæ ordinis alterius eſſent in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> elemento <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>modo contraria ſe<lb></lb>ſe viciſsim afficere, nec ab æquali, ſed à maiore actionem perpetuò proficiſci, quemadmodum curſus <lb></lb>naturæ flagitat. </s> <s>Cęterùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> horum placitum, mea quidem ſententia, culpa vacat: nam ſequitur, vt <lb></lb>ſi caliditas agat in frigiditatem; futura fuerit frigiditas minor, at ſi res ita ſit, non poterimus collocare <lb></lb>eandem latitudinem inter formas contrarias quæ tamen neceſſariò ponenda eſt; ſi vera eſt definitio <expan abbr="cõ-trariorum">con<lb></lb>trariorum</expan>, & ſi vltimum non eſſe vnius contrarij cum primo eſſe alterius conſtantiſsimè conuenit. </s> <s>Prę<lb></lb>tereà non defendetur illud quod ipſi volunt, nempe à maiori actionem vbique emanare: ſiquidem ſit <lb></lb>ignis qui calore ſuo mutet aquæ frigiditatem, frigiditas aquæ calorem aëris afficiat, calor iterum aëris <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmoueat">commoueat</expan> frigus terræ, non dubium eſt hæc eſſe poſſe, vt quandò è terra fit aër: etenim <expan abbr="vtręq.">vtręque</expan> qualìta<lb></lb>tes immutandæ ſunt, & tamen minor eſt calor in aëre, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit frigus in terra. </s> <s>Siue igitur has qualitates <lb></lb>æqualis gradus, ſiue inæqualis ponere libeat, lupum quodammodo aure tenemus. </s> <s>Verùm quia magna <lb></lb>pars inſtitutæ diſputationis poſita eſt in exploratione virium agendi & reſiſtendi, nos etiam prius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ad alia progrediamur, indicare decreuimus qui ſit animi noſtri ſenſus, quantum ſpectat ad agendi vi<lb></lb>res, & reſiſtendi facultatem. </s> <s>Puto igitur hanc reſiſtentiæ vocem qua noſtri vtuntur, apud Græcos du<lb></lb>plex obtinuiſſe nomen, & <foreign lang="grc">ἀπαθείας</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & <foreign lang="grc">ἀντερείσεως</foreign>. </s> <s>ſed cùm in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> munere ſit priuatio vel mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4661"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="797"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4662"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus, vel paſsionis, eſſe vel impotentiam patiendi, vel potentiam non facilè patiendi quæ ſpecies per ſe <lb></lb>quidem eſt <foreign lang="grc">δυνάμεως, ὶχύος, ῥώμης</foreign> .i. </s> <s>roboris: verùm cum hoc poſitum ſit in agendo facilè, promptè <lb></lb>& expeditè, & indifficilè patiendo; ex hoc poſteriore officio definiri. </s> <s>Proinde eſt de <expan abbr="ſecũda">ſecunda</expan> ſpecie qua<lb></lb>litatis quam res naturales conſecutę ſunt, vt ſeipſas tueri queant, quod per ſe appetitur, licèt non pri<lb></lb>mo, quandò ſpeciei cupiditas eſt omnium prima & pręcipua, ſed quia ſine indiuiduo ſpecies non exi<lb></lb>ſtit, ſingularis cupiditas proximè inſtar. </s> <s>Cęterùm etſi <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> munus eſt priuatio paſsionis; at <foreign lang="grc">ἁντέρει<lb></lb>σις</foreign> actionem ſignificare primò videtur, quippe conatum in contrarium, & cum aduerſario pugnam, <lb></lb>ex quo per accidens efficitur, vt contrarium afflictum, ac dubitatum non poſsit alterum lædere, & de<lb></lb>ſtruere, <foreign lang="grc">ἀπάθεια</foreign> verò affectionis carentiam in materia notare: in contrario viſu vis contrarij pugnan<lb></lb>tis elucet, vt eſt in actu; in <foreign lang="grc">ἀπαθεία</foreign> poteſtas: ſiquidem <foreign lang="grc">ἀπάθεια</foreign> videatur illius eſſe cuius eſt pati: eius <lb></lb>enim debet eſſe priuatio cuius habitus eſſe ſolet, ſed pati pertinet ad materiam, atque poteſtatem, & <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀπάθεια</foreign> igitur. </s> <s>En tibi exercitum ad oppidum, quod cinctum ſit vallo, foſſa, & aggere maximo, cir<lb></lb>cundatum ſumma cum diligentia moenib. validiſsimis, inſtructum propugnaculis, <expan abbr="omniq́">omnique</expan>. </s> <s>tormento<lb></lb>rum genere contra impetus hoſtium, pręſidium habeat militum fortiſsimorum qui tamen ab hoſtili <lb></lb>exercitu inferiores, hoſtem adoriri non audeant, ſed intra muros ſe contineant, non permittant verò <lb></lb>aditum hoſti; erit'ne, ſi in muros hoſtis inuadat, idem militum <expan abbr="tormentorumq́">tormentorumque</expan>. </s> <s>officium, ac valli, foſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4663"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſæ, aggeris & muri <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>. </s> <s>Sed milites, & tormenta repugnando, & agendo hoſtes arcebunt, & conte<lb></lb>rent, ager & moenia quieſcent, ſed neutiquam ſe ſuperari, penetrariúe patientur. </s> <s>in illis erit <foreign lang="grc">ἀντέρεισῖς</foreign><lb></lb>in his <foreign lang="grc">ἀπάθεια</foreign>. </s> <s>Proinde Philoſophus in graui & leui materiæ nomine bina principia conſtituit <expan abbr="duarũ">duarum</expan> <lb></lb>oppoſitionum in duob. </s> <s>generib. motuum lationis ſcilicet <expan abbr="rarũ">rarum</expan> & denſum, alterationis, & <foreign lang="grc">πάθους ἀπα<lb></lb>θείας</foreign>, molle & durum. </s> <s>Quocirca cum è quattuor primis ſenſilium corporum differentiis, binæ ſint, <lb></lb>quib. agendi vim tribuit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> calor & frigus, binæ contrà, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> patiendi ſiccitas & humor, ca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4664"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lori & frigori præcipuè conueniet <foreign lang="grc">ἁντέρεισις</foreign> humori & ſiccitati carentia paſsionis, quæ generaliter ex <lb></lb>affectionis carentia, & in habilitate materiæ pendent. </s> <s>Quia verò fiunt omnes hæ perturbationes in ma<lb></lb>teria ſenſili, quæ <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> omne actu priuata exiſtit; hinc etiam ſequitur, vt aliqua actio poſsit ab ea præ<lb></lb>ſtari. </s> <s>Quapropter cum <foreign lang="grc">ἀντέρεισις</foreign> in reſiſtendo poſita ſit, quod tamen cum actione id efficit quæ pen<lb></lb>det ex forma; prius eſſe videbitur formæ quàm materiæ. </s> <s>At verò cum <foreign lang="grc">ἀπάθεια</foreign> careat actione, è contra<lb></lb>rio primò materiæ tribuetur, actui, <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>per accidens. </s> <s>Idcirco <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item <foreign lang="grc">ἀπάθεια</foreign> ſine actione pror<lb></lb>ſus extabit ex quo inſurget in aduerſarium, & eius impetum quoquomodo comprimet. </s> <s>Quare etiam <lb></lb>durum hebetat, & repellit. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> actum contrarium volumus accipi, vel propriè, vel etiam virtute: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> robuſtum militem vocamus, quia non facilè labori ſuccumbat; nam labor illi contrarius non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4665"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt; ſed quòd reſiſtit cauſsis quæ laborem ferunt: etenim hæ contrariæ ſunt, vt conſtantia <expan abbr="ſpirituũ">ſpirituum</expan>, eo<lb></lb>rundem ex labore ſolutio. </s> <s>Ideò tametſi non reipſa, ſaltem formaliter actionem ab <foreign lang="grc">ἀπαθείας</foreign> ſegregabi<lb></lb>mus, ſiquidem erit <foreign lang="grc">ἀπάθεια</foreign> in eo ipſo quod oppugnatur; actio ab eo quod pugnat. </s> <s>Verùm ſi natura re<lb></lb>rum perpetuitati, vel alterna contrariorum viciſsitudine, vel æquilibrio conſuluit, profectò ſimplici<lb></lb>ter & agendi, & reſiſtendi vires eſſe voluit pares. </s> <s>Nec ſi fines agendi, & reſiſtendi varij ſunt, idcirco va<lb></lb>rij ſunt gradus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> virtutis: apparet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in omni reſiſtentiæ gradu coniunctum eſſe actum, & quan<lb></lb>tum ineſt de actu, tantundem ineſſe reſiſtentiæ: nam quod minus eſt actu, facilius immutatur, veluti <lb></lb>minus calidum magis affligitur à frigido. </s> <s>Sed tantundem ineſt actionis, agentib. ex ſummo reb. omni<lb></lb>bus naturalib. niſi impediantur: Ergo tantundem ineſt & reſiſtentiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò te ſuſpicari velim mi<lb></lb>nus agere, vel magis ex eo ſtatuendum, quòd eminus, aut cominus agat, breuius aut diuturnius, ſed <lb></lb>ſimpliciter quia ſuam formam <expan abbr="cõmunicet">communicet</expan> alij; qua ratione terra nec igni cedit, aut aqua; & vt dici ſo<lb></lb>let, intenſiuè hoc accipiendum: cęteroqui contrariorum robur æquale non eſſet: erunt tamen diuerſi <lb></lb>fines: nam reſiſtere eſt ad indiuidui tutelam; agere eſt, vt ſibi ſimile propagetur, ex quo ſpeciei conſer<lb></lb>uatur æternitas. </s> <s>Cùm ergo æternitas ex indiuidui ſalute pendeat, proximè <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> ad ſpeciem pertineat; <lb></lb>reſiſtentiam quidem in finis adeptione virib. agendi cedere promptè confitebimur, origine verò antei<lb></lb>re; ſed intereà, dum alterum <expan abbr="cõmutat">commutat</expan>, & vult inducere ſuam formam; vires alterius refringit, & hebe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4666"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita reſiſtit, ac ſimul, dum ſe ipſum in altero propagat, tuetur indiuiduum: ſic agit & reſiſtit tan<lb></lb>quam miles, eodem enſe hoſtem ferit, & ſe tuetur à plagis: idem hîc agens, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt inſtrumentum <lb></lb>quo munus <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> facit: ſic & in natura contingit, veruntamen etiam multum ineſt in materia de <lb></lb>vi reſiſtendi. </s> <s>Cæterùm & quo plus materię, plus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reſiſtit, ſic etiam vbi plus eſt materiæ, maior <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>efficacitas; necnon vbi materia durior vt magis reſiſtit, ſic magis hebetat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> repellit. </s> <s>Ergo argumen<lb></lb>to quod ducitur à comparatis reſiſtere & agere inter ſe ex æquo conſequuntur. </s> <s>Super his dum affici<lb></lb>tur ſubſtantia naturalia & affligitur à contrario, nititur etiam per illud ipſum principium, per quod <lb></lb>afficitur, vt aqua per frigus, in priſtinum ſtatum redire. </s> <s>Quapropter euidentiſsimè conſtat non mo<lb></lb>do parem eſſe <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> facultatem agendi nimirùm, & reſiſtendi, ſed <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> ſiue materia ſit, ſeu forma; <lb></lb>cæteras autem meras ſophiſtarum nugas arbitramur. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ex his quæ conſtituimus abſurdi con<lb></lb>ſequi perſpicimus. </s> <s>Proinde non eſt, quòd hoc fundamento confidentius innitantur. </s> <s>Ergo ſtatuamus ę<lb></lb>qualem gradum <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> facultatis, &, vt puto, idem omnino principium, ac reliqua quæ ſunt huius lo<lb></lb>ci, perſequamur. </s> <s>Videntes hanc difficultatem philoſophi quidam aliam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> machinam excogita<lb></lb>runt qua cauerent, ne maius afficeretur à minore: ea verò fuit vniuerſum <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> alterius partem ſo<lb></lb>lummodò tentare; <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>partem ab altero contrario, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vniuerſo repati, <expan abbr="exẽpli">exempli</expan> cauſſa, <lb></lb>phiala tota alterius phialæ <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> afficit, & per <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> inter ſe tangunt, viciſsim ab altera <pb pagenum="798"></pb>tota afficitur: quapropter actio naſcitur, <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> iudicio, à toto, affectio verò à parte. </s> <s>Sed ego <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nixus eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4667"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="dẽ">dem</expan> fundamento quod ſuprà ieci, <expan abbr="quęrã">quęram</expan> ex illis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtrũ">Vtrum</expan> ſicut actio permanat à toto, ſic <expan abbr="ẽtiã">entiam</expan> ex toto reſiſtant <lb></lb>an non? </s> <s>ac ſi id nob. </s> <s>dederint, <expan abbr="opponã">opponam</expan> ego <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> quæ ab æquali præſtabitur, ſi inficientur, videbitur <lb></lb>profectò manca fuiſſe natura quæ dederit illis machinas <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> alterum ſanè propagarent; ſeipſa tueri <lb></lb>non poſſent cuius tutelę <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> valde <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> ſeſe nob. </s> <s>offert in antiperiſtaſi, quamobrem ipſa con<lb></lb>traria diſperſa coëunt in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, vt robuſtius <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> irruentis contrarij ſuſtinere queant, & maius mino<lb></lb>ri <expan abbr="cõmodius">commodius</expan> obſiſtit. </s> <s>Adde his, quae pars reſiſtit, aut non, ſi minus, ergo <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actio & alteratio fieret pun<lb></lb>cto <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>; ſi pars reſiſtit, cur non <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſint <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> rationis? </s> <s>Prætereà in minimas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> partes de<lb></lb>ducta fuerit; quod accidit in mixtura <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illis dantib. gratis, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> permoueri oportet, & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> viciſsim <lb></lb>permouere: aliter quid vetaret, quominus extaret aliquid in natura, quod minimum paruitate ſupe<lb></lb>raret? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò eſt quòd hîc confugiamus ad ambiens cuius beneficio intendatur actio in id quod mi<lb></lb>nimo minus eſt: nam ſi minimum miſtum in quodam genere concedatur cui nil certè video quod re<lb></lb>pugnet, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ponere opus eſt partes elementi <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> minimas à continente ſecretas. </s> <s>Sed patiatur ex par<lb></lb>te quod in toto nos etiam damus minus minimò ſic affici aſſerentes: at reliquum à quo patietur? </s> <s>aut <lb></lb>igitur <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, aut non <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> erit alteratum, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> tamen in mixtione tota ſint alterata oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> impedit <lb></lb>item curſum eius rationis, quia minimi partes ſic affici poſsint, quae in eo virtute ſolùm, non actu conſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4668"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtant: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> accipiuntur eæ ſaluæ, & ſiquis adhuc renitatur; <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> contra ipſum valebit, ſi <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>virtutes ſtatuantur: quia virtus huius quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> altera confertur, <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> proportionis eſſe poteſt, àc mini<lb></lb>ma elementi particula; <expan abbr="pręterq̃">pręterquae</expan> quae actio tum miniſtratur, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> mixtio fit, atqui hoc <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> elementa per<lb></lb>manent adhuc, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> virtutes ſuccedunt, ſi illos audimus, vbi abſoluta fuerit mixtio; tum verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> amplius <lb></lb>ſequitur actio. </s> <s>Idcirco nos admonent nonnulli doctores, cùm dicitur totum agere, & partem pati, vel <lb></lb>intelligi totum ſubiectum quod metimur per dimenſionem, vel <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> quod accipitur ex perfectione, & <lb></lb>gradu. </s> <s>at certè valde diſtant hæc <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> afficere <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>; & attingere gradus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> contrariæ qualita<lb></lb>tis; nihil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> prohibere, quin eliciatur actio ex toto aduerſus <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in hoc <expan abbr="æqualitatẽ">æqualitatem</expan>, inæ<lb></lb>qualitatemúe ſpectari, cùm dicitur actionem ab æquali non proficiſci, ſed in eo, quae agens <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> per<lb></lb>mouet <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, non <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> qualitatis gradus attingit; <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> primò confligit <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> primo, deinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſecundo, <lb></lb>& ſic deinceps, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> vel <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> reuocauerit ad medietatem, vel penitus extinxerit. </s> <s>At verò, vt mea fert <lb></lb>ſententia, <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> accipiuntur in hac poſitione quæ ſuprà euerſa fuere. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> videtur aſſumere <lb></lb>gradus inter ſe æquales eſſe, & arithmetica proportione diſtare, cùm vnus in altero ſuperiore conti<lb></lb>neatur, & habeat ad <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> <expan abbr="proportionẽ">proportionem</expan> <expan abbr="geometricã">geometricam</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde notat gradus in toto <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> genito, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> in generatione, ſed in generatione proceditur ab vno ad reliquos, deinceps vſque ad octo, in <lb></lb>actione, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> res genita eſt; tota natura ſe ſe opponit, & ab initio ſalua & integra eſt; in progreſſu con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4669"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cutitur & labefit. </s> <s>itaque actiones omnes ab initio ſunt difficiliores & tardiores. </s> <s>Ergo dum afficitur, re<lb></lb>trocedit natura à ſummo, & ad <expan abbr="imũ">imum</expan> deducitur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur actio prima non ſit in eum <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> qui ori<lb></lb>gine anteceſſerit, ſed in eum qui omnes alios virtute continet, non video planè, quemadmodum item <lb></lb>hæc ratio vitet illud quominus æqualia inter ſe afficiant. </s> <s>Quamobrem aut ea dimiſſa, aut <expan abbr="cõtracta">contracta</expan>, aut <lb></lb>replicata ſenſum animi noſtri tibi iam patefaciamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4660"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4661"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 86. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Lib. de mo<lb></lb>tu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4662"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4663"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4664"></margin.target>a 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4665"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4666"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4667"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4668"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4669"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua via repaſſionis ratio defendenda ſit. </s> <s>Caput XLVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VIDEAMVS nunc ſuccurrat'ne nob. </s> <s>aliquid quod de re tam obſcura congruenter <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="Peripa-teticorũ">Peripa<lb></lb>teticorum</expan> dogmatis decernamus. </s> <s>Vt verò id voto ſuccedat; rem <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> à capite repetamus; & in me<lb></lb>moriam redeamus eorum quæ 3. Phyſ. & 1. de ortu nos admonuit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Omnem .ſ. </s> <s>agendi facul<lb></lb>tatem à duob. </s> <s>initijs deduci, ab actu nimirùm, & poteſtate: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab illo quidem, vt agendi: ab hoc verò <lb></lb>vt patiendi principio, quandò affinitas eiuſmodi inter <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> intercedit, vt actus eius perfe<lb></lb>ctio ſit, ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="quæq́">quæque</expan>. </s> <s>res naturalis adſpiret, poteſtas ad actum ſuapte natura directò <expan abbr="cõtendit">contendit</expan> ſuum <lb></lb>ipſius <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> per eius <expan abbr="pręſentiã">pręſentiam</expan> adeptura, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ab alio dirigatur, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſagitta ad <expan abbr="ſcopũ">ſcopum</expan> à ſagitta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4670"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rio, ab eo ſanè quod eſt actu, vbi adſint omnia <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> opus eſt ad <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> tutò <expan abbr="præſtandã">præſtandam</expan>, quod actu eſt, <lb></lb>promouet <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eſt agere, & poteſtas ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> traducitur, & id eſt pati. </s> <s>Ita verò <lb></lb>ſe habere <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, vt contrarij innitantur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> actu eſt id quod eſt, verùm <lb></lb>ſemper <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> poteſtate. </s> <s>sed enim <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> poteſtas eo <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> nuper diximus, ordine ſit diſpoſita, ſemper actus, <lb></lb>quatenus actus, ſuperat <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> tum præſentia naturæ, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> agendi conditione, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> actus <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb>eſt agere, & perducere ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, poteſtatis eſt ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> prouehi, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, quae in potentia, per ſe nulla vis eſt re<lb></lb>ſiſtendi, ſed ſola vis accipiendi <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> eſſe experitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſine vlla cunctatione ad ipſam <lb></lb>euolaret, quae ſiquando prohibetur, id <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> referri oportet actui contrario à quo <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> deſeritur, ſem<lb></lb>per <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alteri <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> ſubiicitur: hinc omnis <foreign lang="grc">ἀπάθEIα</foreign>, inhabilitas, & mora in motib. Proinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> vi<lb></lb>res integræ ſint ab initio, magis ab initio reſiſtitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in progreſſu. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> contraria ſint actu, & po<lb></lb>teſtate ſimul: calidum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu tale eſt, ſed poteſtate <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>; & <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> contrà, huiuſmodi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> actus <expan abbr="ca-lidũ">ca<lb></lb>lidum</expan> verò, quia poſsit eſſe tale, non afficit ſanè <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> id quod <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> eſt, quatenus huiuſmodi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vi<lb></lb>ciſsim <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> afficitur à contrario, qua calidum eſt; ſed à calido <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> immutatur, quatenus eſt poten<lb></lb>tia <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>vires calido rependit, quatenus eſt potentia <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan>: quoniam verò <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan> poteſtate <lb></lb>frigidum eſt; ex hoc efficitur, vt calidum eo tempore quo mutat frigidum; ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> frigido per<lb></lb>mutetur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hinc repaſsio proficiſcitur, ea tamen lege ſeruata, vt id quod agit ſemper ſuperius ſit. </s> <s>Ita <pb pagenum="799"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4671"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò actio inter contraria miniſtratur, vt agens afficiat <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> & <expan abbr="remotã">remotam</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> actu contra<lb></lb>rio ſimpliciter conſiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non in contrarij partes agit, vt vltima illa <expan abbr="latinorũ">latinorum</expan> ſententia ſtatuebat, ſed <lb></lb>in partes materiæ, & poteſtatis: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita per ſucceſsionem operatur agens, vt <expan abbr="vltimã">vltimam</expan> ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> indu<lb></lb>cat <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> qua manet forma ſimilis illi <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> agens obtinebat: hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, vt olim conſtitit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> alterius contrarij <lb></lb>interitu ſemper inducitur qui fit per ſucceſsionem, nec quidem eſſentiæ, vt longo progreſſu antea de<lb></lb>monſtrauimus, ſed poteſtatis & materiæ: quapropter inter patiendum contrarium remittitur, donec <lb></lb>intereat, agit per ſe actus vniuerſus, & in totam quidem materiam, ſi extentionem ſpectes, verùm ſi la<lb></lb>titudinem poteſtatis obſerues, primùm aggreditur eam poteſtatis partem quæ remotiſsima eſt, quod <lb></lb>ita facit, vt cùm per ſe ipſam ſit capax omnis formæ, eas tamen ſic accipiat, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> patitur actus ille cui <lb></lb>ſubiacet, qui dum à principio robuſtus eſt, eam quaſi tuetur, nec ab hoſte patitur afflictari quaſi ſit pro<lb></lb>uincia quædam qua dominus hoſtilem exercitum excludat, quantum poteſt; quæ cæteroqui deſerta <lb></lb>omnes exciperet. </s> <s>hoſtis autem cum domino confligens ipſum paullatim pellat è finib. vt <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> vt de<lb></lb>feſsi pugnando concilientur, aut ſuperior hoſtis eiiciat dominum. </s> <s>Sed miſſum faciamus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>; <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illius vſus eſt aliquis ad ea quæ poſthac tractanda ſunt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſic <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, quae actu ſunt, in mutuas <lb></lb>poteſtates exerant vires ſuas, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmouentur">commouentur</expan> & remittuntur, & ad medietatem quandam deducun<lb></lb>tur, quæ mea quidem ſententia terminatur eo, quae nihil de poteſtate ſubſtantiæ labefactetur. </s> <s>actus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4672"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cundi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> confligunt, & inter ſe retundunt; vbi <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> vis ſubſtantię poteſtatem attigerit, tum planè <lb></lb>incipit mutatio ſubſtantiæ & debilioris quidem interitus, ortus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> validioris; ſed de alteratione dica<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Ex his quæ inter ſe agunt <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> fuerit quanuis in pugna tantiſper <expan abbr="violatũ">violatum</expan> ſit; amoto contra<lb></lb>rio redit in priſtinum ſtatum: quapropter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poteſt <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> in <expan abbr="ſtatũ">ſtatum</expan> conſimilem traducere, vt de aqua <lb></lb>concalefacta conſtat quæ nonmodò veterem, & propriam frigiditatem recuperat, ſed multò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ma<lb></lb>gis refrigerat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> excalfacta fuiſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cęterũ">Cęterum</expan> ſi magna non fuerit exuperatio, retunditur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> contra<lb></lb>rium robuſtius, & quia maiorem <expan abbr="plagã">plagam</expan> accepit, inclinatum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ex vſucapione con<lb></lb>trarij ſe tardius, & difficilius eripit. </s> <s>Omnino verò ſecum pugnant, quoad excedunt limitib. <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> <lb></lb>actus, & poteſtatis. </s> <s>Etenim meminiſti <expan abbr="terminatã">terminatam</expan> eſſe contrariorum diſtantiam actib. <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan>; quic<lb></lb>quid intra ſpatium illud continetur, interpungi poteſtate, quam ad alterutra habent contraria cuius <lb></lb>opera album deducitur ad nigrum; nigrum verò promouetur ad album. </s> <s>quapropter quod erat <expan abbr="nigrũ">nigrum</expan> <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> haberet in ſe vniuerſam poteſtatem quæ continetur in ea latitudine ad album, vbi tantiſ<lb></lb>per <expan abbr="promotũ">promotum</expan> eſt; amiſit de latitudine poteſtatis; & actus tantundem contraxit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita proceſsit, vt de<lb></lb>mum actu ſimpliciter eſſet album; nec quicquam nigredinis amplius retineret, attamen neutrius pote<lb></lb>ſtas, & actus excedunt cancellis eius latitudinis <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>: ideò, quod interiens fiebat album, vt duo ob<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4673"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tinebat item proprium actum, vt ſex; & cùm perueniſſet ad actum, vt tria, ſupererant illi de actu pro<lb></lb>prio <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> & deinceps eodem modo; atque id in contrariorum generatione, vbi certa erat victoria, <lb></lb>nec habebatur ratio contrariorum. </s> <s>nunc in repaſsione contrarij ratio habenda eſt: ſiquidem tantun<lb></lb>dem actus <expan abbr="exhibiturũ">exhibiturum</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> acceperit ab aduerſario. </s> <s>Dum igitur contraria ſeſe non adoriuntur; in<lb></lb>tegra manent, hoc eſt <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſuum totum conſeruant, & vniuerſam poteſtatem ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod ſibi ad<lb></lb>uerſatur. </s> <s>Pone nunc ea pugnam exordiri: pari progreſſu, labefactatur <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> actus, & potentia pro<lb></lb>mouetur; & eodem planè modo quo de generatione expoſitum eſt nuper; niſi quae vtriuſque contrarij <lb></lb>conferendus eſt interitus. </s> <s>Si ergo ſub certa illa latitudine quæ partib. octo perſpicuitatis gratia deſigne<lb></lb>tur, ſalua manent contraria; pugna profecto nil erit aliud, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> occupatio eius latitudinis quæ contra<lb></lb>rio debebatur; hoc eſt, dum alterum ſtudet de alterius actu detrahere; & imponere ſuum. </s> <s>Ex eo con<lb></lb>trariorum vinculo quo alterum obtinet poteſtatem ad alterum, & quae <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> certis terminis <expan abbr="includunt̃">includuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>efficitur, vt quod aliud fieri debet, dum alterius actum ſibi ſumit, proprium proportione deponat; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>cum parte actus illius ad quem contendit, actus proprij reſiduum neceſſariò conſiſtat: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>dum in<lb></lb>ter ſe affligunt, actus proprij cum alienis retinentur. </s> <s>Ergo vbi calidum mutet frigidum, actu calidum <lb></lb>fit, vt vnum, tantundem de actu frigidi ex neceſsitate deperit. </s> <s>& viciſsim calidum accipit actum frigo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4674"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ris, vt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; & tantundem de proprio deponit, & ſic deinceps. </s> <s>Sed duo nunc quærenda ſeſe offerunt, pri<lb></lb>mum <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> hæc pugna ſit progreſſura, alterum an'ne gradus omnes <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> contrarij ſint ad <expan abbr="pugnã">pugnam</expan> <lb></lb>deſcenſuri. </s> <s>Ad primum generatim reſpondere licet, quantum ad contrariorum formam pertinet, ea <lb></lb>perpetuo certatura, quae de natura actus eſt immutare, de natura <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poteſtatis immutari; <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> igitur <lb></lb>in hoc actus eſt, in illo poteſtas, neceſſe eſt pugna conſequatur. </s> <s>Verùm ſi requiritur ad actionem robur <lb></lb>agentis definitum, nec omnis exuperatio progreſſum facit, medium latitudinis in pugna terminum <expan abbr="cõ-ſtituimus">con<lb></lb>ſtituimus</expan>, quae ibi ſic afflictus ſit actus, vt dominari nequeat poteſtati. </s> <s>quicquid infrà eſt prorſus nihil au<lb></lb>dere poteſt, quae oppoſiti denominatiue pollet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> quicquid illi conuenit actus, oppoſito multò prius <lb></lb>debetur, ex quo illi actio tribuenda cauſſa contrarij cum quo conſiſtit: quapropter vt ex oppoſito <expan abbr="nũ-cupat̃">nun<lb></lb>cupatur</expan>, ita etiam mutatio proportionem vniuerſam accipiet, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> actio inter illa <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> amplificabit: <lb></lb>etenim tria & tria habent adnexa <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> & <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan>; ex horum actione efficietur, vt illa tria fiant quat<lb></lb>tuor: nam calidum vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> efficiet è frigido, vt tria, <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>, vt quattuor, & contra frigidum, vt quin<lb></lb>que e calido vt tria frigidum, vt quattuor. </s> <s>Ad alterum verò explicandum negari non poteſt, quin inter <lb></lb>contraria <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> propriè nuncupatio conuenit, continuò pugna procedat. </s> <s>habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rationem actus, & <lb></lb>cum eo coniunctam poteſtatem. </s> <s>ſic calidum vt ſeptem conficiet frigidum, vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> & ab ipſo viciſ<lb></lb>ſim conficietur, & è frigido, vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> efficiet frigidum vt quattuor, ab eo contra efficietur calidum, vt <lb></lb>ſex, <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>exorietur mixtura, in qua ſit alterum dominans. </s> <s>At illud propter medicos <expan abbr="inquirendũ">inquirendum</expan>, an <pb pagenum="800"></pb>ne ab æqualibus actio naſcatur, nam ſi eiuſmodi eſſe poteſt, non erit, quae accipiant ſuperius: ars <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> imita<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4675"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur naturam; proptereà non debet redundare. </s> <s>Si ergo poſſunt idem præſtare æqualia; hæc planè vſur<lb></lb>panda. </s> <s>Cæterùm & hæc inter ſeſe confligunt, & ad mediocritatem <expan abbr="redigunt̃">rediguntur</expan>: etenim calidum vt quin<lb></lb>que temperat frigidum vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> & ab ipſo viciſsim temperatur tantundem actus alieni accipiens <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> contribuit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ab æqualib. in gradu curationem aggreditur intemperiei ſine materia, niſi ali<lb></lb>quod accidens obſtet. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & ipſa correctionem ſæpius aggredi cogitur per ea quæ virtute ſunt po<lb></lb>tius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> actu. </s> <s>Nil autem refert ſi à primo gradu ſimpliciter exuperantiæ partes metiamur; an eas vltra <lb></lb>medietatem numeremus: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reipſa prorſus idem: licèt initium numerandi frequentius à medie<lb></lb>tate ſumatur. </s> <s>medietas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non ſimpliciter ad elementorum qualitates ſtatuitur, ſed ad hominis tem<lb></lb>periem, & ad ipſam omnes aliæ menſuræ diriguntur in ſpecie <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, deinde in indiuiduo. </s> <s>Quod ſi hu<lb></lb>ius hypotheſeos quæ in arte medica, vt perſpicua ſumitur, & vt experientia confirmata, cauſſa reddi<lb></lb>tur à philoſopho naturali, quis inficiabitur artem medicam huic noſtræ philoſophiæ ſubalternam hoc <lb></lb>nomine ſaltem eſſe ponendam? </s> <s>Sed id in alium ſermonem differendum, ne in eo quod attingendum <lb></lb>fuit;, quàm in eo quod vel etiam minima occaſione attigimus, longior oratio ponatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4670"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4671"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4672"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4673"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4674"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4675"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Euertuntur obiectiones quæ contra repaſſionem afferuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4676"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4676"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PROCEDAMVS nunc ad exploranda argumenta quæ contra veritatem allata ſunt in princi<lb></lb>pio quæſtionis, <expan abbr="atq">atque</expan> ſpectemus an'ne ex iis machinis quas extruximus, reluctari liceat illis tormen<lb></lb>tis quæ tanto robore aduerſarij contra nos intenderunt. </s> <s>Facilè verò tollitur obiectio prima quæ duce<lb></lb>batur à regula phyſica, nempe actionem ab exuperatione proficiſci. </s> <s>Quod ſi repaſsio daretur, fore vt <lb></lb>ab ęqualib. actio deſcenderet: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> deprehenſa fallacia eſt, & error ab eo quod eſt per accidens, ad <lb></lb>id quod eſt per ſe commiſſus: nam quod æqualib. per accidens conuenit, eis illi per ſe conuenite aſſu<lb></lb>mitur. </s> <s>Dico <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> nil prohibere, quominus actu contraria ſint paris gradus; ſed inter ea nego fieri actio<lb></lb>nem, quatenus actu ſunt, ſed quoad vnum actu eſt, alterum poteſtate: idcirco actio ſemper aduerſus <lb></lb>potentiam <expan abbr="tẽdit">tendit</expan>, quæ ſuapte natura ad <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> bonum adſpirat, & à quolibet ſe occupari cupit, <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan> reſiſtit, quoad fert actus, cui ſupponitur: ſed ille prohibet tantummodò, natiuam eius propenſio<lb></lb>nem non euincit, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> etiam actu inuito, quaſi vxor inuito marito diuortium facere ſtudet, & alteri <expan abbr="iũ-gitur">iun<lb></lb>gitur</expan>, verùm adhuc minas mariti formidans, non liberè agit, cùm pudoris habenas omnes excuſsit, <lb></lb>tum priorem virum relinquit, alteri ſe totam tradit. </s> <s><expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>actus eam ſuperet, perpetuò fit, vt actio ab <lb></lb>exuperatione proficiſcatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> par eſt ratio prorſus in contrariis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in iis quæ ſupponebantur regu<arrow.to.target n="marg4677"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lis 7. Phyſ. Quippe quae ibi Ariſtoteles conſtituto motu qui fit ab alio; cùm maximè perſpicuus foret in <lb></lb>iis quæ vi mouentur; ea verò ſunt quæ ad eum locum quo feruntur, & generaliter ad illum terminum <lb></lb>quo impelluntur; nullam habent propenſionem, & ita mouentur, quatenus actum ſuum retinent, mo<lb></lb>uens & mobile, vt actu ſpectabat, & regulas illas inter actus ſtatuebat, non inter actum & poteſtatem, <lb></lb>quod nos hoc loco facimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita explicamus illum locum lib. de motu anim. vbi ſic pronuncia<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quæcunq.">Quæcunque</expan> inter æqualia à ſe inuicem non patiuntur, per exuperantiam verò vincuntur. </s> <s>confert <lb></lb>enim ibi Philoſophus actus inter ſe; quia tum fiat motus inter ea quæ ſuum actum conſeruant. </s> <s>Erat <lb></lb>ſecunda dubitatio. </s> <s>Si repaſsio foret, effici, vt contraria ſimul per idem ſubiectum intenderentur: nam <lb></lb>ſi totum calidum afficeret totum frigidum; & frigidum contrà partem calidi, pars hæc à frigido refri<lb></lb>geraretur; à reſiduo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> calido recalfieret. </s> <s>Cęterùm multa nob. </s> <s>in hac obiectione <expan abbr="cõſideranda">conſideranda</expan> ſeſe obij<lb></lb>ciunt: primum quidem, vtrùm ſi totum conſeruetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pars à toto ſeiungatur, actio à toto aduer<lb></lb>ſus ſui partem procedat, nec'ne: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſto, quae in animali pars quædam refrigeret aliam, vt cerebrum <lb></lb>refrigerat cor, & hoc iterum calefacit alia membra; at non ſunt partes omnes in animali conditionis <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vniformes, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verè continuæ: at in animo carentib. partes & vniformes, & continuæ ſubſi<lb></lb>ſtunt. </s> <s>quapropter actio à toto ad partem non eſt fortaſſe neceſſaria: deinde cùm pars ſit eiuſdem ra<lb></lb>tionis cum toto, qualitatem alteram habet ſecundùm naturam: eo igitur modo afficitur quo aqua al<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4678"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teratur à calore; <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo veterem qualitatem recuperat obice ſuperato. </s> <s>Sicut ergo aqua, cùm <lb></lb>frigus ſibi reconciliat, contrariis morib. non agitatur; redire <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in ſuam naturam, ac perfectionem non <lb></lb>eſt alterari, nec pati, ſed perfici, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pars hæc non alteratur, ſed perficitur; nec per ſe, ſed per acci<lb></lb>dens mouetur: multò igitur minus ſecundum contrarias qualitates agitur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi tibi nihilominus <lb></lb>videatur: contrarias formas in circum idem ſubiectum fecum pugnare, dicam ſpectari contraria in fie<lb></lb>ri, & in facto eſſe, & abſurdum ſanè, ſi contraria conſiſtunt, vbi facta fuerint, at verò vbi fiant, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt ab<lb></lb>ſurdum ea conſiſtere. </s> <s>Prætereà dicimus in vno eſſe perpeſsionem: actionem verò ab illo in aliud, quæ <lb></lb>certè non pugnant, & in vno interitum ponimus, quod eſt in altero ortus. </s> <s>Adde item idem ſubiectum <lb></lb>non moueri eodem temporis puncto ad terminos oppoſitos, verùm pro ratione virtutis præpotentis, <lb></lb>ac ſi ęquè poſsint, vel in iis terminis agere quietem, vel motu quodam mixto concitari. </s> <s>Sic ergo neceſsi<lb></lb>tas eius argumenti nulla apparet propter accidentia <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> reſipſa implicatur, vt à nob. </s> <s>ſperni queat au<lb></lb>dacter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item magni ponderis illud eſt quod à medio deſumptum fuit: facilè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eius vitia pate<lb></lb>bunt, ſi nonnulla ſtatuamus quæ quiuis ſatis ſanus homo libentiſsimè concedat actionem .ſ. </s> <s>efficacio<lb></lb>rem futuram, vbi quippiam ſimilius ſit, & omnino ſi minus contrarium fuerit, quanuis cum eo quod <lb></lb>magis contrarium eſt, maior extet pugna: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> patitur alterum ab altero ſuperari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi duo vi<lb></lb>ri fortes, vt Hector & Achilles componantur; pręlium vtrinque periculoſum, anceps, & diuturnum <pb pagenum="801"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4679"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>exiſtet: ſi diſparib. incidat bellum, vt Diomedi cum Glauco Lycio; facilè erit victoria; proinde calidum <lb></lb>vt octo pugnam committet promptius cum frigido, vt ſeptem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cum frigido, vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> ſed facilius im<lb></lb>primet formam ſuam frigido, vt <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> nam cùm ſit calidum vt tria, magis eſt affectum ad calorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>frigidum, vt ſeptem quod eſt calidum, vt vnum. </s> <s>Quapropter aqua cum igni pugnabit ferocius, aër <lb></lb>abigni facilè in ſuam naturam conuertetur. </s> <s>non diſsimiliter ab iis quæ difficilius in principio moueri <lb></lb>diximus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in progreſſu; minus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe vinci patitur, dum <expan abbr="integrũ">integrum</expan> eſt; & ſi percutitur, ſtrenuè referit: at <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>moueri cœpit; quaſi de ſuo iure deceſſerit, in alterius poteſtatem facilè rapitur. </s> <s>Eadem cauſſa eſt; cur ſi <lb></lb>ventorum motus à ſuperiore aëris regione ducat initium, noctu tamen non flet Boreas, ſed interdiu: <lb></lb>nam, quia nocturnus aër manet: agitatur interdiu à Sole, non eſt eius tanta vis, vt moueat aërem no<lb></lb>cturnum quæ diurnum poſtea propellere poteſt. </s> <s>Deinde perſpicuum eſt id quod afficitur à duob. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>trariis inæqualib. ab eo quod validius eſt, citius & efficacius iri commotum; vt cùm ex aqua futurus <lb></lb>eſt ignis, prius calefit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> exiccetur. </s> <s>Tertiò illud item ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> poſitum ſcimus, medium affici à contra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4680"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rio ſuperante; & cum illo coniungi; proptereà prius alteratur, alteratum verò tranſmouet in <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan> <lb></lb>formam ſibi incuſſam. </s> <s>quare cum potentiore ſimul operans non agitur motib. contrariis, ſed cùm ef<lb></lb>fectum ſit inſtrumentum; afficit alterum, & ab eodem repatitur, velut à contrario: vtputa, ignis <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> <lb></lb>afficit: primùm aër affectus aquæ tranſmittit calorem, & eam calefacit, quatenus calore affectus: ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4681"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ergo ſiquid patitur ab aquæ, tum patitur, quatenus calidus; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam vnico tantùm motu <lb></lb>concitatur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abſurdum eſt affectionem impreſſam, nec dum in habitum mutatam, ex obicis <lb></lb>abſentia deleri, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à contrario tolli, vt ſi calorem à ferro pellamus aquæ ſuffuſione. </s> <s>Neque duo <lb></lb>ſunt motus, quemadmodum acceptum fuerat in argumento, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>& naturaliter, & mathematicè, vt <expan abbr="ple-riq.">ple<lb></lb>rique</expan> e Latinis facere conſuerunt, approbatum: etenim medium ſumunt, vt corpus, nec vllam in eo pro<lb></lb>priam qualitatem ponunt. </s> <s>Sed ſpecta obſecro rem ipſam naturaliter. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actio fiat inter contraria, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem elementa, ſiue ſimpliciter, ſeu quia dominentur in mixtis; & hæc aut binis qualitatib. <lb></lb></s> <s>aut ſingulis tantùm diſtinguantur: ſi modium interueniat; aut cum altero neceſſe eſt conueniat in vna <lb></lb>qualitate, aut <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan>, cum agente .ſ. </s> <s>& patiente: quare vnà operatur cum eo quo cum conuenit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>patiente ad patiendum, & ſimiliter cum agente ad agendum, vt aër cum igni operatur ad aquam cale<lb></lb>faciendam; cùm eodem patitur, ſi fuerit refrigerandus. </s> <s>& proptereà non agitur contrariis motib. <expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>verò me latet quoſdam huius ſęculi viros peritiſsimos in repaſsione negare actionem; & motum ad <lb></lb>mixti productionem eſſe quidem aſſeuerare mixtionem, hoc eſt, coiëtionem elementorum, non calefa<lb></lb>ctionem, ac refrigerationem; quae motus fine determinetur, qui tunc eſt eorundem concordia. </s> <s>Sed appro<lb></lb>bare non poſſum; ſi actio eſt communicatio proprij actus, alienæ materiæ; ſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mixtioni, quæ talis eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4682"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concordia, vt res facta, quin alteratio mutua præcedat; tantò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> magis, quantò videmus Ariſtotelem <lb></lb>de actione & contactu mixtionis cauſſa tractaſſe, quin & repaſsioni paſsio ſupponatur. </s> <s>Illud equidem <lb></lb>libentiſsime fatebor rationem formalem mixtionis in alterabilium habitudine conſiſtere: ſed eam de <lb></lb>actione mutua <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> dimouebo, licet neutra forma obtineat: ſuapte <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura contendit illuc, non aſſe<lb></lb>quitur impedita. </s> <s>Quod autem poſtremo loco oppoſitum eſt; fore, vt contrarium non poſſet alterum <lb></lb>perducere ad ſummum, ſatis expoſitum eſt antea, quemadmodum eueniat: nam ſuperans oppoſitum <lb></lb>redit in priſtinum ſtatum; & ita afficiens alterum quod iam inſigniter labefactatum eſt, & de actu op<lb></lb>poſito multum accepit; ipſum perducit ad ſummum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem ad ea quæ dubitantur à La<lb></lb>tinis ſatis dicta erant. </s> <s>niſi quae & adhuc de principiis actionis contra illa quę ab Ariſtotele decreta ſunt, <lb></lb>aliqua à Græcis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> de medicorum conſenſu afferuntur, quæ item cogitationem noſtram ad ſeſe con<lb></lb>uertunt. </s> <s>Nam cùm velut abſurdum repudiaretur idem ad idem ſimul acturum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> paſſurum; & id <lb></lb>verò quidem enuntiatum foret: exhibebat hoc tamen negotium medicis, & nonnullis philoſophis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> medici rerum formas ab earundem temperamentis non ſeparent, ac multæ & variæ qualita<lb></lb>tes, colores, inquam, ſapores, odores idem temperamentum conſequantur, fiet igitur, vt idem <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <lb></lb>per eandem rationem album ſit, auſterum, & dulce: fieri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poteſt, vt ſapore conſeruato color immu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4683"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tetur, ergo per eandem rationem idem agit & patitur. </s> <s>Sed ſiue rerum formæ ſint temperamenta, ſeu <lb></lb>formæ habilitati materiæ extrinſecùs adueniant de quo nihil dubitatum eſt à veterib. Peripateticis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>dicendum videtur ab eiſdem principiis emanare diuerſas qualitates; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nihilominus eadem res per <lb></lb>eadem initia ſimul agere & pati poterit. </s> <s>Attigit hanc difficultatem <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> Philoponus;<emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4684"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpicuè, <expan abbr="breuiterq́">breuiterque</expan>. </s> <s>docuit, niſi fallor, eius rei cauſſam. </s> <s>Attamen nob. </s> <s>eam aliquantò altius ad maiorem <lb></lb>perſpicuitatem exordiri placet. </s> <s>Docent omnes philoſophi duplex eſſe genus accidentis: alterum quod <lb></lb>ex formæ penderet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id perpetuò ſpeciei, ſeu generi manere adfixum, ſine intentione & remiſsione <lb></lb>permanens: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> de vniuerſali primò prędicari, & omnia ſingularia complecti: alterum quod ortum <lb></lb>duceret ex materia ſenſili, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eſſe vagum, inconſtans, non pertinere per vniuerſa indiuidua, propte<lb></lb>reà prius de indiuiduis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſpecie prædicari. </s> <s>Et quanuis non pauci putent omne accidens habere ſubie<lb></lb>ctum quoddam de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ cum quo conuertatur, tametſi <expan abbr="frequẽtius">frequentius</expan> nomine vacat, <lb></lb>ex quo ſuſpicari quiſpiam potuiſſet hæc ſecum pugnare: nam ſi non complectitur accidens vniuerſa <lb></lb>indiuidua, ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> genus omnia indiuidua complectetur, & ſicuti ſeparatur accidens ab indiuiduis, <lb></lb>ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſeparatum iri genus, aut ſi hoc omnia comprehendit, & ſeparari nequit, & accidens illud om<lb></lb>nia comprehenſurum, & neutiquam poſſe ſeparari, quod ſubiectum de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ con<lb></lb>ſtituunt, vniuerſale ſimpliciter accipiunt, non genus: magnum verò diſcrimen eſt inter vniuerſale, & <lb></lb>genus, quandò genus reſpicit neceſſariò ſpecies, & differentias, vniuerſale autem pertinet ad indiuidua <pb pagenum="802"></pb>ſolùm, vt animal ad hæc animalia: hoc autem reſpicit ſua indiuidua, & illa omnia complectitur, nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4685"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ab illius <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> ſeparatur, & quae nomine caret, & <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> ignotum eſt, ſi conferatur <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> iis, quæ nota ſunt, <lb></lb>& ſub vniuerſalib. nominatis comprehenduntur; de illis dicitur prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> de ſpecieb. </s> <s>Sint igitur eiuſmo<lb></lb>di accidentia quæ his ſingularib. priorum ſpecies nominatæ ſunt, primò tribuantur: eam huius euenti <lb></lb>cauſſam docet eſſe Philoponus, quae ſingulæ illæ qualitates per quandam latitudinem porriguntur: eſt <lb></lb>verò latitudo vniuerſa illa infinitas materiæ quæ continetur intra abſolutam priuationem (non <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> <lb></lb>noſtri vocant) & ſummum eiuſdem gradum, ſiue ratio magnitudinis habeatur: nam certa etiam rari<lb></lb>tas conuenit accidentium formis, ſiue intentionis, cuius cauſſa plus & minus ipſis aſsignatur. </s> <s>propte<lb></lb>reà quae plus minuſúe à materia participentur, etenim hinc omnis illa varietas exoritur. </s> <s>Ob hanc igitur <lb></lb>cauſſam quae materia & habilitas ad formas immutatur. </s> <s>earum verò terminos eſſe oportet, efficitur, vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> manet ea latitudo quam tolerat quædam certa qualitas; ſemper etiam illa, ſi non ſumma, at <lb></lb>remiſſa conſeruetur: & quoniam ſua <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> qualitatis eſt determinata latitudo; nihilominus intra li<lb></lb>mites eius latitudinis continetur quam ſpecies ea toleret quæ comprehendit indiuidua <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> illa qua<lb></lb>litas ineſt; ex hoc ſequitur, vt mutata qualitate quæ cum priore latitudine permanebat; incolumis ad<lb></lb>huc ſit altera qualitas, & <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> amiſsis ſpecies integra maneat. </s> <s>puta tu. </s> <s>calcis ſpecies <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> quattuor <lb></lb>caloris gradus; albedo duos, acredo tres. </s> <s>vbi calx vltra duos gradus promoueatur; interit albedo; con<lb></lb>ſeruatur acrimonia, ſi ad quartum peruenerit; acrimonia deperit, & tamen adhuc permanet calx. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4686"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur eſt cauſſa varietatis accidentium in eadem ſpecie. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ea de principiis actionis dicta ſufficiant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4677"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4678"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4679"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4680"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>Cap. </s> <s>de ta<lb></lb>ctu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4681"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4682"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4683"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4684"></margin.target>b 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4685"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4686"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad quæſtionem de mixtura deuenitur, & aliarum ſectarum opiniones recitantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Caput XLVIII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EMVTVA primorum contrariorum perpeſsione fit mixtio, <expan abbr="mixtaq́">mixtaque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſa conflantur, ſiue illa à <lb></lb>natura, ſiue ab arte miniſtrentur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> facultatem & ſimul & ſeorſum mixtionis eſſe <lb></lb>cauſſam; & mixta conficere, ſiquando natura id præſtare non valeat, ſenſus ipſe manifeſtiſsimè oſten<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>Etenim, vt inquibat Antipho. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">Τέχνῃ γάρ κρατοῦμεν ὧν φύσει νικώμενα</foreign>. </s> <s>Arte <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuperamus ea à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4687"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quib. natura vincimur: ſed quatenus, & qua ratione hæc officia, ſiue ab arte, ſiue à natura præſtentur; <lb></lb>ita latet, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam ſapientiſsimorum hominum mens id aſſequatur; ideò illius initia in extremo <lb></lb>hoc libro veſtigare, & cætera perſequi conſtituimus quæ pendent ex alteratione; & ea potiſsimè quæ <lb></lb>ſunt mixtionis: eſt verò hęc via ad mixtorum formas de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> mox agendum eſt in meteorologicis. </s> <s>In <lb></lb>ea verò tractanda multæ celeberrimorum philoſophorum ſententiæ, ſummæ difficultatis <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, <lb></lb>& recenſendæ ſunt; & omni induſtria perpendendæ. </s> <s>Quoniam verò multa theoremata ſeſe offerunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4688"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>explicanda de natura & vi mixtionis; inde ſumetur exordium, vt exponamus, quæ'nam illa ſint quæ <lb></lb>remanent in mixto; ita vt ex illis vniuerſa ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="molesq́">molesque</expan>. </s> <s>mixti componatur. </s> <s>& cùm multa à phi<lb></lb>loſophis de hoc capite dicantur (vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primum omnium ex vi methodi ſeſe obiicit, ita etiam cæciſsimis <lb></lb>tenebris inuolutum eſt) vt breuiore qua poteſt fieri, via tranſigatur; ante meminiſſe conuenit ea quę ad <lb></lb>abſoluendam mixtionem requiruntur, vt inde, velut à regulis quibuſdam cętera dirigantur. </s> <s>Primùm <lb></lb>igitur alteratio miſcendorum præcedat neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>non eò perueniat, vt aut omnia ad vnum mix<lb></lb>tilia deſtruantur; aut vnum quippiam ex illis: poſtremò vt ea quæ miſcentur, queant ſeparari, hoc eſt, <lb></lb>corpora, <expan abbr="ſubſtantiæq́">ſubſtantiæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita certum hoc fuit apud antiquiores Peripateticos, vt ſicut ab Ariſt. </s> <s>pa<lb></lb>làm aſſeueratum eſt, ſic ab Alexandro,<emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Philopono, & Simplicio receptum vnanimi conſenſu: licet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4689"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſi <expan abbr="vocũ">vocum</expan> proprietate animaduerſa præcipuè <foreign lang="grc">μίξιν & μίγυνασται</foreign> prædicarint de ſiccis, ideſt, <expan abbr="mixtionẽ">mixtionem</expan> <lb></lb>& miſceri, de humidis verò <foreign lang="grc">κρᾶσιν, & κεράνυνασται</foreign>, quod eſt temperiem & <expan abbr="tẽperari">temperari</expan>, vt ſeparari poſ<lb></lb>ſint, quae exiſtere per ſe queant. </s> <s>ita verò obiri mixturam; quia corpora ſimplicia quæ contrariis implica<lb></lb>ta ſunt, in minimas parteis diuidantur propter humiditatem quę vel inſita eſt, & innata mixtilib. vel ac<lb></lb>cedit extrinſecùs: nam quemadmodum calida refrigerantur; & frigida tepeſcunt, ita humida exare<lb></lb>ſcunt, & arida humectantur. </s> <s>Licèt autem mixtilia ad minimas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> parteis redacta ſint, omnia <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> fa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4690"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma eſt efficere vnam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem minimam mixti partem, ſeu minimum mixtum quod maius <lb></lb>ſit, ſiue mole & diſtantia, ſiue etiam extentione & terminis, quàm ſingula illa quæ miſcentur: <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> quo<lb></lb>que mixtum <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc omnia communis hominum ſenſus ita tribuit mixtioni, vt pro <lb></lb>comperto aſſumat; & vt verbo Græco nunc vtar, quod animi mei ſenſum magis exprimit, <foreign lang="grc">ἀξιώται</foreign> ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele, vt ſuper his fundamentis definitionem mixtionis extruat. </s> <s>His ſtantib. non diſceptant inter <lb></lb>ſe philoſophi quæ'nam ſint verè mixtilia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad id omnes vno ore reſpondent ea eſſe elementa: ſed <lb></lb>illud quæritur, vt conueniant, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> concurrant ad efficiendum mixtum: & de hac re litigant omnes, <lb></lb>quotquot ego luſtrauerim, qui de mixtione diſputant, & ita in diuerſas factiones ſcinduntur, vt ex eo<lb></lb>rum placitis parùm, aut nil propemodum conſtet, quæ'nam ſit germana ſententia ſummi præceptoris. <lb></lb></s> <s>ac nos in pręſenti diſceptatione aliam omnino viam ab illis quæ hodie tenentur, ingredi conſtitui<lb></lb>mus: quo fiet, vt reliquorum dicta perſpicacius animaduertere, & acrius noſtra tueri debeamus. </s> <s>Inter <lb></lb>philoſophos ergo ſtoici exiſti marunt mixtilia integra, natura .ſ. </s> <s>& qualitatib. eorum ſaluis ingredi mo<lb></lb>lem mixti: ſed quae ex toto miſcerentur, inde factum eſſe, vt ſingulorum vires, & qualitates exquiſitè ſen<lb></lb>ſum non afficerent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſummę apparerent, verùm temperatę & remiſſę, cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiæ videtur <lb></lb>ſubſcripſiſſe Galenus,<emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quanuis nil habuerit certi ex Hippocrate. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſemet etiam ſibi valde conſti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4691"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terit, ſiquidem <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> ſcripſerit elementa tota <expan abbr="cõmiſceri">commiſceri</expan> ſuis ipſorum ſubſtantiis, veluti miſcentur <pb pagenum="803"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4692"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aqua & vinum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeo, vt nulla, <expan abbr="quantũuis">quantunuis</expan> minima, ſit particula, quæ non ſit vinum aqua dilutum: <lb></lb>cęterùm ad eam præſtandam neceſſarias eſſe primas qualitates. </s> <s>Quanuis ipſe aliàs ad eadem partem vi<lb></lb>deatur eſſe propenſus,<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt non ſubſtantiæ, ſed qualitates ipſæ miſceantur. </s> <s>Hanc ſententiam noſtris tem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4693"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>porib. approbarunt aliqui medici qui in librum de natura humana <expan abbr="cõmentarios">commentarios</expan> ediderunt, eo funda<lb></lb>mento plurimùm innixi præter ſenſum cui maximè tribuunt, & iure quidem, qualitates nimirùm ab <lb></lb>elementorum ſubſtantiis non poſſe diſiungi. </s> <s>ab illis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à cauſſa coniuncta proficiſcuntur; itaque ſi<lb></lb>detur miſceri qualitates, neceſſe eſt ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="miſceãtur">miſceantur</expan>. </s> <s>Et quanuis hæc ſententia validiſsimis <lb></lb>rationib. oppugnetur ab Alexandro:<emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>; quia <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> penetratio prohiberi non poſſet, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> ſibi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4694"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>viciſsim corpora <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> peruia fiunt: prætereà quia ſtatui videtur in mixtilib. ſectio <lb></lb>ad minimas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> particulas <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>: at ſic in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> fieret, ne vnaquidem elementi <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> particula, ſeu <lb></lb>ſenſilis, ſeu non illa ſit, non mixta ſuperſtite: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> actu fore <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>: ſolent ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> reſpondere <expan abbr="dicẽ-tes">dicen<lb></lb>tes</expan> ex eo non ſequi penetrationem <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, quòd vna materia fiat ex <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> partib. ad minima <lb></lb>diuiſis, in qua <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> qualitates æqualiter extendantur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> miſceri <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corpus, <lb></lb>quia materia per ſe corporea non ſit. </s> <s>Ex hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſſunt euertere ſecundam <expan abbr="obiectionẽ">obiectionem</expan>: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id repu<lb></lb>gnat materiæ quæ in infinitum diuidi poteſt, ſed corporib. <expan abbr="Cæterũ">Cæterum</expan> quia non ſeparant iſti dimenſiones <lb></lb>à corpore, & quod corpus non eſt, protinus autumant expers eſſe dimenſionis; in id incidunt, vt ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4695"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="teriã">teriam</expan> faciant <expan abbr="incorporeã">incorpoream</expan>, & ſine dimenſione, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actu <expan abbr="diuiduã">diuiduam</expan> in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>; quæ ſanè <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> pugnant: nan<lb></lb>que eſſe ſine dimenſione reipſa <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> diuiſionis exors; nam quę prorſus huiuſmodi ſunt, ſi<lb></lb>bi ipſis ex toto adhæreſcunt, quomodo igitur in infinitum diuidetur? </s> <s>Sed & dimenſio eſt ipſamet ma<lb></lb>teries, & eius beneficio tum corpus, tùm materiæ portiones aſſecutę ſunt, quae ex toto inter ſe penetrare <lb></lb>nequeant, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſibi ſunt peruia <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> quę prorſus corpore & dimenſione vacant: quare <expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> eſt <lb></lb>ſeſe corpora penetrare, quàm materiam, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ratio prohibitę penetrationis à dimenſione deſcendat quę <lb></lb>pariter eadem eſt in corpore & materia, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparatur, quae in materia <expan abbr="nondũ">nondum</expan> terminos aſſecuta eſt, <lb></lb>in corpore verò iam terminata fuit à forma, & materiæ dimenſio propria eſt; cùm corpus <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> illi <lb></lb><expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> forma acceſsit. </s> <s>Sed hæc planè expoſita ſunt in libro de incremento. </s> <s>Idcirco dicebat Auicenna in mix<lb></lb>tis eſſe quattuor elementa, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>actu remanere diſſecta quidem ad minimas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> partes, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ele<lb></lb>menti forma conſiſtere poſſet: mutua verò <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuarũ">ſuarum</expan> perpeſsione alterari. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan>, quantum <lb></lb>eſt de elementi ſubſtantia, ſalua <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, & integra reſtat: at quod ſpectat ad qualitates, vndique mixtę <lb></lb>ſunt; quoniam qualitates <expan abbr="vndiq́">vndique</expan>. </s> <s>temperentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt corroboret <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> Auicenna, illa eadem <lb></lb>proponit quæ nos item ſuprà conſtituimus, ab Ariſtotele, & <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> hominum iudicio comprobata; <lb></lb>nempe mixtilia alterari, non corrumpi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> tantùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plura, aut omnia: <expan abbr="mixturamq́">mixturamque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe alte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4696"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratorum, non autem corruptorum concordiam: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> concordia corruptorum eſſe poteſt; ſed <expan abbr="eo-rũ">eo<lb></lb>rum</expan> quæ adhuc ſalua & integra perſiſtunt. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà quae nullum foret diſcrimen ortus & mixtionis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proponitur item elementi definitio quæ quidem continet elementum in re facta ſupereſſe: de natura <lb></lb>enim elementi eſt, vt ex eo primo cùm inſit; fiat id quod fit, & in illud abeat extremum: at niſi ſuperſit; <lb></lb>& falsò acceptum fuerit, ex eo cùm inſit, fieri id quod fit, & in illud vltimum diſſolui: quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pacto diſ<lb></lb>ſoluetur in illud, niſi ſuperſit? </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quae mixtilia ſeparari poſſunt, quod certè non continge<lb></lb>ret, ſi illorum ſubſtantiæ deperirent. </s> <s>Hæc Auicennæ de mixtione loquenti tribui ſolent.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4687"></margin.target>a <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4688"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4689"></margin.target>b 1. Met. <lb></lb>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4690"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4691"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>nat. </s> <s>hum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4692"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4693"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſubſt. nat. <lb></lb></s> <s>fac.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4694"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>Mixt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4695"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4696"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de mixtione contra Auicennam diſſeruntur, & reliqua quæ cæteri proficentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Caput XLVIIII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò Auerroës<emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in ipſum vehementer inſultat. </s> <s>inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi ita eſſet, quemadmodum profite<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4697"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur Auicenna; plures eſſent actu formæ in mixto; & ſic mixtum vnum per vnam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe non <lb></lb>poſſet. </s> <s>Quattuor item ſuppoſita forent, hoc eſt, indiuidua quæ per ſe conſiſtunt, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vnum fieri ne<lb></lb>quit: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fit vnum <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> aggregationem, aut per accidens. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4698"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per accidens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per <expan abbr="aggregationẽ">aggregationem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtãntiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>: ita verò vnum non eſſe, cùm <lb></lb>quattuor in eo ſint ſubſtantiæ diſtinctæ. </s> <s>Prætereà ponit Auicenna<emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> remitti tantùm primas qualitates; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4699"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> formas quæ <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <expan abbr="cõplent">complent</expan> eſſentias: at ſi ſic fuerit, inquit ille, euenire igitur poſſet, vt to<lb></lb>tus ignis ſine caliditate reſtaret, quod certè fieri nequit: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> ſicut vna pars qualitatis, <expan abbr="quæcũ-que">quæcun<lb></lb>que</expan> illa fuerit, amittitur, ita & de reliquis eſt cenſendum: nam ſunt <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> rationis pars & totum. </s> <s>Ar<lb></lb>gumentatus item plurib. eſt D. Thomas<emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> contra eundem <expan abbr="auctorẽ">auctorem</expan> dicens fore, vt forma mixti ſit acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4700"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dens: etenim adueniret elementis quæ ſunt in actu; quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aduenit ei quod eſt in actu, eſt accidens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde non poſſet euitari, quominus ipſa mixtio fieret ad ſenſum, quod tamen Ariſtoteles, vt falſum <lb></lb>confutauit, dum in Empedoclem inuectus eſt qui <expan abbr="mixtionẽ">mixtionem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> ad iudicium ſenſus renocaret: eſſet <lb></lb>enim elementorum ad minima <expan abbr="redactorũ">redactorum</expan>. </s> <s>Mixtio rurſus nil aliud eſſet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> alteratio: atqui alteratio ſen<lb></lb>ſui ſubiicitur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nec mixtio fugeret ſenſum. </s> <s>Tertiò mixtio foret congregatio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> gene<lb></lb>ratio mixti. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae mixtum <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> foret vniformæ: nam poſſet in eo pars aliqua notari quæ ſanè <lb></lb>mixta non eſſet, vt pars aëris, aut ignis, quanuis ea minima foret. </s> <s>Vltimò vbi variæ ſubſtantiæ ſunt; va<lb></lb>riæ item qualitates, <expan abbr="diuerſæq́">diuerſæque</expan>. </s> <s>formæ adſint oportet quæ illas conſequantur: vbi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vniuerſa hæc ad<lb></lb>ſunt, inde igitur erumpant varię formę neceſſe eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vna non eſſet forma in toto mixto, & omnib. <lb></lb></s> <s>illius partib. quod item deſtruit aliquid ex illis quæ <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> de mixtione, <expan abbr="mixtorumq́ue">mixtorumque</expan> natura, vel <lb></lb>accepta, vel etiam approbata ſunt. </s> <s>Quamobrem ex his optimo iure cenſuerit quiſpiam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Stoicos, <pb pagenum="804"></pb>neque Auicennam Peripateticè fuiſſe locutos. </s> <s>Tranſeamus igitur ad alias opiniones, quas reliqui <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4701"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtotele profitentur, quorum primus Auerroës, qui <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> robori ſuarum rationum plurimum tribuiſ<lb></lb>ſet, & quantum in ipſo erat, ea defendere cuperet quæ concordes vniuerſi philoſophi mixtioni conceſ<lb></lb>ſerunt; exiſtimauit omnia ſic poſſe conuenire, ſi ſtatueret elementorum formas in mixto quidem eſſe <lb></lb>ſuperſtites; ſed ipſas ſaluas & integras remanere non poſſe, verùm tantiſper labefactari, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> retundi, <lb></lb><expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> conueniunt ad mixturam; & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> accepit Auicenna, & ſenſus oſtendit, <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>confirmat, <lb></lb>illas qualitates quæ comitantur formis, intendi & remitti, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ipſe de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formis aſſeuerat. </s> <s>Ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="perſuadendũ">perſuadendum</expan> verò <expan abbr="cõmentum">commentum</expan> hoc (ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mihi liceat appellare; quando plures inuenit in hoc aduerſa<lb></lb>rios, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> fautores) Primum demonſtrat elementa reſtare per elementi <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan>: deinde ſic. </s> <s>Si elemen<lb></lb>ta non manerent in mixto, materia prima citra <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ordinem <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> proximè accipere poſſet: <lb></lb>id verò fieri non poſſe perſpicuum eſt. </s> <s>Cùm verò non poſsit, vt ipſe opinatur, intendi qualitas, niſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>forma intendatur; apparet ſecundùm, nempe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> elementi intendi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> remitti. </s> <s>Vt verò doceat <expan abbr="quẽ-admodum">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> hoc eueniat, adfert admonitionem quandam, quaſi dicat, ne miremur <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas <lb></lb>intendi & remitti: quanuis ſubſtantię ſint, de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> id generatim conſtitutum fuerit eas non accipere <lb></lb>plus & minus: ad ſubſtantias <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perfectas hoc pertinebat; atqui elementa ſunt ſubſtantiæ quædam im<lb></lb>perfectę, & medię quodammodo inter verè ſubſtantias & accidentia. </s> <s>quapropter imitantur ſubſtan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4702"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tias in eo, quae ſeparata ſubſiſtere queunt, accidentia verò in hoc, quòd plus & minus accipiunt. </s> <s>ex hoc aſ<lb></lb>ſumpto reliquorum cauſſas addit; nam cùm redoleant conditiones accidentium, quemadmodum ip<lb></lb>ſa inter ſe propter repugnantiæ vim <expan abbr="cõmouent">commouent</expan> & refringunt, & in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> coire poſſunt, ita quoque inter <lb></lb>ſe eorum eſſentias retundere & conquaſſare, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in vnum, quaſi hoſtes diuturno bello defeſsi inire <lb></lb>fœdus, & amicè conciliari. </s> <s>Neque tibi, inquit, <expan abbr="negotiũ">negotium</expan> faceſſat, quae cùm forma mixti ſuperueniat <expan abbr="elemẽ-torum">elemen<lb></lb>torum</expan> formis actu conſiſtentib. idcirco ſit accidens: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formę elementorum, & forma mixti ex di<lb></lb>uerſo ordine, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illę vim materię ſuſtinent ad formam mixti: ideò ex ipſis vnum fit, non ſicut è ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia & accidente, ſed ſicut è poteſtate & actu, non ſic è materia aquę, & forma ignis, quòd ſunt ordi<lb></lb>nis eiuſdem, nec inter illa intercedit ordo poteſtatis & actus. </s> <s>Quoniam verò Scotus hanc rationem <lb></lb>labefactare conatus eſt illo argumento, quae ita etiam lapis adhuc permanens humano animo poſſet in<lb></lb>formari: nos etiam dum partes Auerrois agimus, pro illo dicamus. </s> <s>Non ex omni forma inferiore & <lb></lb>ſuperiore fieri vnum ſimpliciter, ſed vbi inferior affecta ſit ad ſuperiorem, & habeat in ſe potentiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> ad illam. </s> <s>hæc verò ineſt in forma elementi ad <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, non in lapide ad animum humanum. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem ex Auerroe. </s> <s>Nobis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ea nullo modo probari poſſunt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſatis olim explanatum <lb></lb>eſt formas intendi & remitti non poſſe; ac ſi plus & minus eas attigerit, eſſe ex humilitate naturæ. </s> <s>Do<lb></lb>cuimus item inter <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, & accidens non poſſe intercedere medium: quæ cùm abundè <expan abbr="cõfecta">confecta</expan> fue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4703"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rint antehac; nulla cauſſa eſt, cur hîc inculcari debeant: vrgeo magis, quia ſequeretur, vt ignis ſine vllo <lb></lb>gradu formæ ſuperſtes eſſe poſſet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ignis & non ignis: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars qualitatis ad totam, ſic pars for<lb></lb>mæ ad totam formam: ſed pars formæ per Auerroëm tollitur: ergo & tota aliter aut malè Auerroës, <lb></lb>aut rectè Auicenna. </s> <s>Miſſam igitur opinionem hanc, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> minus Peripateticam faciamus; & <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> <lb></lb>Latinorum exploremus. </s> <s>Ergo D. Thomas, Scotus, Monachus ciuis noſter, & Bononienſes iuniores in <lb></lb>eam iuere ſententiam, vt extinguerentur ſanè <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formę, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſupereſſent qualitates quas <lb></lb>ipſi virtutes appellant, <expan abbr="eæq.">eæque</expan> miſcerentur, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> redactæ fuiſſent ad medietatem, extinctis elemento<lb></lb>rum formis ea quæ foret mixti, protinus ſuperueniret quæ virtutes illas intra ſe contineret: quaſi for<lb></lb>ma mixti requireret elementorum formas, dum fieret, & veluti præuias affectiones; ſeu media tranſi<lb></lb>tus, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> genita eſſet. </s> <s>idcirco mixti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe ſimplicem, cùm accedat materiæ quæ ſit in po<lb></lb>tentia ſolùm. </s> <s>Quæ ſi ita ſint, non eſt quae vereamur penetrationem <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, quia non elementa, ſed vni<lb></lb>uerſa materia depoſitis elementorum formis mixti formæ ſubiicitur, & ab ea virtutes elementorum <lb></lb>temperatę, ſiue temperamentum, velut vmbra à corpore proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Cauerunt <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> Latini perpetuò <lb></lb>multitudini formarum, vt quiduis mallent, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea ponere, ex quibus ipſa conſequatur. </s> <s>Verumenimuero <lb></lb>huiuſmodi auctorum munus eſſet diluere rationes quas pro Auicenna conſtruximus & ex auctorita<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4704"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te Ariſtotelica ductas à definitione mixtionis, & <expan abbr="cõmunib">communib</expan>. </s> <s>eius attributis accepimus; & docere, quem<lb></lb>admodum ea non eſſet generatio mixti vna forma amiſſa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera ſuccedente. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> mitto nunc Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem innumeris in locis pene teſtantem elementa eſſe in mixtis & negantem<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ignem & glaciem <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4705"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uenire ad mixtionem, quae in exuperantia poſita ſunt, eam verò tolli opus eſſe; at ſi tollatur, illico ea peri<lb></lb>tura. </s> <s>Quam obrem ſic argumentabor. </s> <s>Quæ <expan abbr="corrũpuntur">corrumpuntur</expan> non miſcentur. </s> <s>Ab oppoſito igitur. </s> <s>Si miſcen<lb></lb>tur, ea planè manent incorrupta. </s> <s>Nolo ſingula verba promere de capite de mixtione <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ea ſaluari te<lb></lb>ſtatur, & alterari <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>, & mehercule ſi quis in eum ſenſum qui placet Latinis, Ariſtotelis verba debeat <lb></lb>exponere, <expan abbr="dimidiũ">dimidium</expan> Ariſtotelicæ philoſophiæ peruertere cogetur. </s> <s>Ab his igitur <expan abbr="cõmotus">commotus</expan> <expan abbr="cenſerẽ">cenſerem</expan> id fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe perpetuum placitum Ariſtotelis, vt elementa ſupereſſent in mixto, non ſolùm, quae eorum virtutes ſer<lb></lb>uarentur, ſed quae eorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> formæ ſuperſtites eſſent, quod à Græcis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> receptum fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõperio">comperio</expan>: <expan abbr="quã-doquidem">quan<lb></lb>doquidem</expan> Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita exiſtimarit, & poſt ipſum Simplicius,<emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ac ſi ea ſpectentur interius quę nar<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4706"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4707"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rantur à Platone de iis quæ ex elementis oriuntur, ipſum non alienum ab hac opinione fuiſſe crede<lb></lb>mus; quippe qui ex elementis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cęlum conflauerit. </s> <s>Idcirco <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> partes Arabum nob. </s> <s>erunt <expan abbr="defendẽdę">defendendę</expan>, <lb></lb>vtpote exceptæ à Græcis. </s> <s>Sed mihi diligenter propendenti verba ipſius Ariſtotelis, atque ab omni par<lb></lb>te ponderanti rationes quibus hoc problema confirmatur, facilius defendi poſſe videtur Auicennæ <lb></lb>dogma, quàm cæterorum. </s> <s>Ideò pro Auicenna dicere conſtitui. </s> <s>Quoniam verò ab omnibus hacte <pb pagenum="805"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4708"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus exploſa eſt eius viri ſententia; vt eam nob. </s> <s>à calumniis omnib. purgare ſuccedat, aliqua repetemus <lb></lb>ex iis quæ olim poſita & enarrata fuerunt, vnde omnis veritas erui ſine vllo negotio poſsit. </s> <s>Cuncta<lb></lb>tur ſolerter aduerie.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4697"></margin.target>c 3. de cę. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 61.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4698"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4699"></margin.target>d 1. 1. Cap. <lb></lb></s> <s>de compl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4700"></margin.target>e <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 6 de <lb></lb>for. </s> <s>art 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4701"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4702"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4703"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4704"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4705"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4706"></margin.target>b 2. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 20. <lb></lb>Lib. de <lb></lb>mix.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4707"></margin.target>c 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4708"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Auicennę dogma de mixtione defenditur. </s> <s>Caput L.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>STATVAMVS in primis id quod antea nob. </s> <s>longo ſermone peroratum eſt. </s> <s>Formas imperfe<lb></lb>ctiores eſſe veluti materiam perfectiorum: quapropter fieri poſſe, vt ex harum acceſsione è poſte<lb></lb>riorib. & priorib. vnum per ſe fiat, quemadmodum ex animali & ratione, quod item in hac hypotheſi <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>conceſsit Auerroës. </s> <s>Deinde accipiamus actum eſſe duplicem, vnum primum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum <expan abbr="ſecũ-dum">ſecun<lb></lb>dum</expan>; ac primum quidem à ſecundo ſimpliciter ſeparari poſſe, velut animus à cogitatione in ſomnis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem cùm talis ordo ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> inter elementorum qualitates ſicut in aqua ſeruente, factum eſt, vt <lb></lb>ex his quædam virtutes nuncupatæ fuerint, aliæ qualitates ſimpliciter, aut ad ſummum ſenſiles, illæ <lb></lb>ſunt actus quidam primi, & à nob. </s> <s>idem cum formis poſiti fuerunt, hæ verò ſunt actus ſecundi. </s> <s>Non <lb></lb>erit igitur abſurdum, ſiquando qualitates illę quas actus ſecundos conſtituimus, quae ſint proximè ſenſi<lb></lb>les; ſaluis actib. primis extinguantur, aut ſaltem obtundantur, & per has afficiantur inter ſe elementa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4709"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pręter naturam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inſigniter admodùm, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, quàm mixta quę perfectiora ſunt, prout <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>cùm ſint viciniora materię, latitudinem habent maiorem. </s> <s>Vbi igitur ad minimas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> particulas ele<lb></lb>menta redacta fuerint, ſibi viciſsim adhęreſcunt, & beneficio repugnantię qua pollent ſingula, inter ſe <lb></lb>confligunt, & exuperantias retundunt, <expan abbr="ſeſeq́">ſeſeque</expan>. </s> <s>ad mediocritatem mutuò redigentia nullum ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>detrimentum afferunt: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diximus eorum formas tolerare inſignes affectiones. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> quae inter ſe <expan abbr="re-fringãt">re<lb></lb>fringant</expan> ab Alexandro <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad hęc tempora dubitatum comperio: quare non erat, quae hanc tantæ quæ<lb></lb>ſtionis, quanta eſt ea quæ de mixtione proponitur, ſummam eſſe <expan abbr="cõtenderet">contenderet</expan> Valeriola, vt eam tot au<lb></lb>ctoritatib. Hippocratis, Platonis, Ariſtotelis, Galeni, Plotini, & demonſtratione <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> confirmaret id, <lb></lb>quod ita euidens eſt, vt principium demonſtrationis eſſe poſſet. </s> <s>eam relinqueret quę tantopere philo<lb></lb>ſophos vexat. </s> <s>Quoniam verò actus iſti ſecundi radices agunt in primis & eos perpetuò conſequuntur <lb></lb>(<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illorum vitium per accidens eſt, & naſcitur ex impedimento, & à contrario potiſsimè) pręſen<lb></lb>te contrario quietę manent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſilentes, nec amicę quidem; ſed ex laſsitudine pactis induciis, ſiquan<lb></lb>do abſoluantur à contrario, tum ſeſe ſenſui produnt, & faciunt officium ſuum: ad hoc verò ſolet ope<lb></lb>ra continentis interuenire, vt docebimus in Meteorologicis. </s> <s>Adde vltimo id quod abunde docuit Ale<lb></lb>xander, (<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illa ſunt noſtra) mixtionem non in ſubſtantiis ipſis ſpectari, ita vt ea ſubſtantiarum <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4710"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plexio, <expan abbr="mutatioq́">mutatioque</expan>. </s> <s>reputetur. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex toto mixtum, corpora verò ex toto miſceri nequeunt, ſed quali<lb></lb>tatum: ipſæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex toto temperantur. </s> <s>Quapropter nulla mixti pars, aut elementi in mixto reperitur quę <lb></lb>non ſit mixta, hoc eſt, temperata, ideſt à contrario non affecta. </s> <s>Sic igitur ignis calor ab alieno frigore re<lb></lb>preſſus eſt, ignis ſubſtantia ſalua permanente, & aquæ frigus ab igneo calore retuſum, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vnum, <lb></lb>quaſi medium in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> elemento effectum eſt, quod tepidum perſpicuitatis gratia vocemus, cuius ſa<lb></lb>nè duo principia ſunt, vnum quod eſt ex natura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & per affectionem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>in igni calor natiuus eſt; id à quo temperatur; eſt contrarium: contrà ſe res habet in aqua: <expan abbr="veruntamẽ">veruntamen</expan>, <lb></lb>vt id quod è duob. </s> <s>hiſce principiis emanat, vnum ſit extremis concitatis eo quem diximus modo, dum <lb></lb>de repaſsione diſceptaremus, vnum verò ad ſenſum, quanuis diuerſa principia conſecutum fuerit. </s> <s>At<lb></lb>que ira apparet, quemadmodum mixtio non ſit generatio, ſed alteratio & alteratorum concordia, <lb></lb>non corrupiorum. </s> <s>Hanc ad ſummam credimus eſſe Auicennæ ſententiam: quicquid illi Ferne<lb></lb>lius tribuerit: nam de hoc poſteà dicemus nonnihil. </s> <s>Verùm ſiquis eius viri ſententiam hanc eſſe ne<lb></lb>get, non admodùm repugnabo: ſatis enim id mihi rebor, ſi id ſibi voluerit pręceptor ille admiran<lb></lb>dus, quod perſuaderi poterit, ſi ex allatis oppoſita diluantur. </s> <s>Vt autem id experiamur, ſingula quæ<lb></lb>que percurramus. </s> <s>Cùm igitur obiiciunt Auerroës & D. Thomas plures formas actu futuras in mi<lb></lb>xto; dicimus; cùm elementa cauſſa repugnantiæ inter ſe vim poteſtatis obtineant; tale <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſit ingenium <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4711"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtrariorum">contrariorum</expan>, vt remiſſa conſiſtant; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> mixto imperfectiora ſint, & nata fuerit apta, vt ſeruiant for<lb></lb>mæ nobiliori; nil impedire, quominus & multa ſimul, cęteroqui per ſe ſubſiſtentia maneant, & <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>materia mixtorum, ad eorum formas <expan abbr="cõtendant">contendant</expan>, & ex iis ac forma mixti per ſe vnum fiat. </s> <s>Ea verò cùm <lb></lb>pendeant ex his quæ pluribus confecta ſunt in illa quæſtione qua de <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> multitudine diſputatum <lb></lb>fuit, non eſt quòd inutiliter hoc loco reperantur. </s> <s>Illud ſedulò <expan abbr="tractabit̃">tractabitur</expan> quod <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan>. </s> <s>Sicut aufertur <lb></lb>vna pars caloris, ita & reliquas auferri poſſe. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ruinoſum eſt viri ſapientiſsimi <expan abbr="fundamẽtum">fundamentum</expan>, & de<lb></lb>bile telum quod <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> Auicennam intendit. </s> <s>Nam ſi vera eſt ea <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> non retundi qualitates, quia totæ <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>collabi poſſent; cùm idem ſit iudicium de toto & parte faciendum: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ego telum in Auerroëm <lb></lb>retorquebo concludens <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo de functionibus animi. </s> <s>Si animi functio tantiſper <expan abbr="cõcutitur">concutitur</expan>, & to<lb></lb>tam quoque concuti oportet; idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iudicium de parte & toto faciendum eſt: atqui tota labefactari <lb></lb>nequit, nec pars igitur. </s> <s>Et fortè falſum eſt totam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> labefactari, vt apparet in profundiſsimo ſomno, le<lb></lb>thargo, comate, & caro, necnon in animi defectionibus in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſenſus & ratio planè feriantur: partem <lb></lb>ſanè <expan abbr="cõmoueri">commoueri</expan> manifeſtum eſt. </s> <s>Si igitur tota deficit, quod ipſe abſurdum putat, abſurdum non eſt: ſi <lb></lb>tota tolli non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ergo non neceſſariò ſequitur; ſi pars deſtruitur, & totum igitur: ac ſi radicem <expan abbr="quã-dam">quan<lb></lb>dam</expan> earum functionum in animo, & animante reſidere velit; ita <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> ego <expan abbr="radicẽ">radicem</expan> qualitatis in elemen<lb></lb>ti forma, vel elemento eſſe reſiduam. </s> <s>Aut igitur in ipſum valet ſua ipſius ratio, aut ſi minus iure <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <pb pagenum="806"></pb>tale rationum genus ſpernet, & irridebit Auicenna. </s> <s>Verumeninuero & hîc aliquantulum inſiſtere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4712"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>erit alienum à re noſtra, vt etiam lubricitas eius ſententiæ magis perſpicua reddatur. </s> <s>Etenim illa regu<lb></lb>la in primis non eſt generalis: deinde ſi generalis ſit, non affert abſurdum: ſiquidem nix detur alia <expan abbr="cã-didior">can<lb></lb>didior</expan>: nec dubium eſt, quin in minus <expan abbr="cãdida">candida</expan> gradus aliqui candoris ſeparetur: num igitur & totus? <lb></lb></s> <s>minimè verò. </s> <s>Et cauſſa huius euenti duplex eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, altera quidem, quae accidens illud exoriatur ex eius <lb></lb>materiæ latitudine quæ tali formæ ſubiicitur: quamobrem dum eius latitudo manet; ſemper <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſeruabitur">conſeruabitur</expan>, quod tamen in ea latitudine remitti potuit, vt cùm ea ſubſtantia tendit ad interitum, quę <lb></lb>tamen <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad vltimum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe perſiſtit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea ratio in Auerroëm à Scoto eſt vſurpata: altero verò, <lb></lb>quoniam ſunt aliquot accidentia, quæ ad <expan abbr="tutelã">tutelam</expan> ſpeciei data ſunt. </s> <s>Sed diſpar eſt admodùm <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> acciden<lb></lb>tis & formæ. </s> <s>accidens intenditur ac remittitur ſalua ſubſtantia. </s> <s>forma haud <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> & vt elementi for<lb></lb>ma vtamur; dum res adhuc controuerſa eſt; conuerte te, amabo, ad aliorum formas. </s> <s>Nam fiet vt cum <lb></lb>vltimo gradu forma corrumpatur, quae non amplius habeat quo ſe tueri poſsit quæ tamen aliorum <expan abbr="amiſ-ſionẽ">amiſ<lb></lb>ſionem</expan> quoquomodo tolerabat. </s> <s>Quanquàm neſcio qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> hæc notio cadat in eiuſmodi doctorum <lb></lb><expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, qui volunt formam eſſe extremum præuiarum <expan abbr="affectionũ">affectionum</expan> <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>momento <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> exiſtere in <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> veteres qualitates de materia deturbantur; adhuc forma vetus conſiſtit, vbi pluſę ſunt <lb></lb>propriæ qualitates quod tamen eſt, cùm ad extremum gradum perductæ fuerunt, extinguitur forma. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4713"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quare patet <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> iudicium fieri non poſſe de <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> qualitatum partibus. </s> <s>Ita igitur dicam ad argumen<lb></lb>tum parteis <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> ſic ſe habere, etſi vna deleatur, & <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> poſsint deleri, & funditùs vniuerſæ tolli; verùm <lb></lb>priores cum ſalute ſubſtantiæ; tolli <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> poſteriores, ſed afferre interitum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> effici poterit <expan abbr="ſubſtan-tiã">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam</expan> deſertam ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> qualitate remanere. </s> <s>Et ad primam D. Thomæ obiectionem idem eſt reſpondendi <lb></lb>modus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille, quo primæ Auerrois rationi reſtitimus: etenim elementa ſubeunt vicem poteſtatis & <lb></lb>materiæ, nec forma mixti ſuperuenit illis, vt actui, ſed vt poteſtati, & vt afferens perfectionem, non vt <lb></lb>accipiens, quod formę & accidentis eſſe diſcrimen aliàs indicauimus. </s> <s>Opponit ſecundo loco <expan abbr="mixtionẽ">mixtionem</expan> <lb></lb>fore ad ſenſum, quod tamen in veteribus philoſophis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>notatum fuerat: eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mixtio elemen<lb></lb>torum ad minima redactorum. </s> <s>in hac <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ratiocinatione latet fallacia à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter: <lb></lb>etenim mixtio tum foret ad ſenſum, ſi ita obiretur, quae <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> in extremas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> particulas diducta fuiſ<lb></lb>ſent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen alterata; ipſe tamen ex eo, quae <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> ſimpliciter in mixto permanerent; intulit <expan abbr="mixtio-nẽ">mixtio<lb></lb>nem</expan> fieri ad ſenſum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò tum fit ad ſenſum; cùm qualitates affectæ ſunt, & temperatæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> <lb></lb>mixtionis <expan abbr="formulã">formulam</expan> confutabat illo argumento Ariſtoteles; nec illo nomine ſanè, quae <expan abbr="ſubſtãtias">ſubſtantias</expan> quæ actu <lb></lb>maneant, in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> coire voluerint, ſed quae citra <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan>, & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> temperatæ apparebant, non id illi ad<lb></lb>ſcriberent, quae ex vi poteſtatis & actus eſſent refractæ, ſed quia iuxta collocatæ propter exilitatem <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> <lb></lb>pellere non valerent. </s> <s>Quoniam verò miſcentur elementa quæ ſi cum mixto conferantur, imperfecta <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4714"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> propter remiſsionem <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> ſecum ipſa pugnant, immo <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> in vnum conuenientia <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽperamentum">temperamentum</expan> mixti formam excipiunt: ex hoc efficitur, vt ea non ſit aggregatio ſola ſimplicium, ſed <lb></lb>mixtio, <expan abbr="mixtiq́">mixtique</expan>. </s> <s>generatio ex acceſsione nouæ formæ quæ eſt vt <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan>, per interitum formæ oppoſi<lb></lb>tæ, ſeu priuationis quæ eſt carentia <expan abbr="cõpoſitionis">compoſitionis</expan>, quemadmodum non longè ab initio noſtræ methodi <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtitutum">conſtitutum</expan> eſt; non autem quae elementorum formæ <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> funditus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tantiſper deſtruantur, vt ſi do<lb></lb>mus fieret è lateribus & lapidibus. </s> <s>Cùm poſteà nos vrgent dicentes, formas contrarias non conſiſtere <lb></lb>docuimus anteà, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> non conſiſtant, quia ſemper eſſentiæ repugnant, & in facto eſſe, ſed cùm <expan abbr="prodeãt">prodeant</expan> <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> per has qualitates, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> inſtrumenta, cùm eæ repreſſæ fuerint; ex defatigatione feriantur; veluti <lb></lb>ſi duo fortiſsimi duces inter <expan abbr="confligendũ">confligendum</expan> ex ictuum multitudine enſes retuderint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inter ſe plagas <lb></lb>inferre queant. </s> <s>Quando etiam <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> mixtum non fore vniforme; negamus: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> etſi ibi adſunt quat<lb></lb>tuor diuerſæ ſubſtantiæ; nihilominus quia ſingularum qualitates <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> temperatæ ſunt, dantes & ac<lb></lb>cipientes viciſsim ſuum <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> actum; hinc vniuerſa mixtionis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ducitur, & ex hoc efficitur, vt <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit vniforme. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat illud, quae mixtio ſit corporum, non qualitatum; prætereà quae ſi qualitatibus <lb></lb>mixtio tribuatur, quae poſsit eſſe mixtum ſine elementis; cùm ſufficiat mixtio qualitatum, aut ſi actu ma<lb></lb>nent elementa, quae erit mixti diuiſio ſecundùm quantum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> reſolutio, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd continuari ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4715"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>queant, cùm ſpecie differant, aut illud, quae cùm ea quæ conueniunt ad <expan abbr="mixturã">mixturam</expan>, non debeant eſſe exupe<lb></lb>rantia, ſicut ignis & glacies. </s> <s>elementa verò cùm ſimpliciter talia ſint, <expan abbr="exuperãtiam">exuperantiam</expan> præſeferant. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>mixtio <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> eſt, ſed per qualitates, non qualitatum, quę tamen ſunt in ſubiecto corpore ſemper, vel <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vel per affectionem. </s> <s>Cùm verò <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> pars mixti ſit ita affecta, vt habeat natiuam <lb></lb><expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan>, ſed eam refractam, & cùm altera <expan abbr="coniunctã">coniunctam</expan> quę ſit præter elementi <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, mixtum non ſanè <lb></lb><expan abbr="diuidet̃">diuidetur</expan> in parteis <expan abbr="quãtas">quantas</expan>, quae quælibet <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo affecta erit, ſed reſoluetur, quia cùm ſeparatę fuerint <lb></lb>partes ab inuicem, amittent id quod habent extranei, & ſingulæ cum ſuis qualitatibus remanebunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſpecie differunt elementa, in mixto continuantur gemina continuatione, vna <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> propriè, <lb></lb>cùm termini <expan abbr="diuerſorũ">diuerſorum</expan> <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> in vnum conuenient per <expan abbr="humiditatẽ">humiditatem</expan> innatam, vel adſcititiam; impro<lb></lb>priè verò quia cùm vniformiter <expan abbr="tẽperata">temperata</expan> ſint, vnico motu <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> agitabitur, nempe dum ab exuperantib. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="cõmouebitur">commouebitur</expan>. </s> <s>Diuerſi ſanè ſpecie motus non continuantur, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> terminantur ſinguli forma quæ eſt <lb></lb>indiuidua, ſed corporibus non eſt hoc denegatum, cùm <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> termini ſint actu ſimul, & poteſtate propter <lb></lb>materiam. </s> <s>Exuperantia verò non ingrediuntur in mixtum; cęterùm elementa licèt ſimpliciter talia <lb></lb>ſint, adde & ſummè talia, ingrediunt in mixtum, quae exuperantia duplex, altera quæ cum pernicie ſubie<lb></lb>cti, & continet vniuerſam <expan abbr="latitudinẽ">latitudinem</expan> eius formæ, ſiue ſit ex natura, ſeu contra naturam: altera quæ eſt <lb></lb>ſumma <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>illa ſanè mixtioni repugnat, hęc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> perneceſſaria, ſed ab initio; <pb pagenum="807"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4716"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad abſoluendam mixtionem hæc in proceſſu tollatur oportet; tollitur autem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per interitum, <lb></lb>ſed per actus ſecundi remiſsionem. </s> <s>Sic non ſunt variæ affectiones in mixto, ſed vna in toto propter <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <lb></lb>temperiem <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> quæ elucet in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> parte mixti. </s> <s>Remanent ergo elementa, & mixtio <expan abbr="eorũdem">eorundem</expan> <lb></lb>eſt alteratorum, non corruptorum concordia. </s> <s>Quia verò ſecundi illorum actus obtuſi ſunt ex vi <expan abbr="cõ-trariorũ">con<lb></lb>trariorum</expan> inter ſe laceſſentium; inde eſt, vt habeant actus primos, attamen impeditos, verùm eiuſmodi, <lb></lb>vt ſi non abſolutè, tamen aliqua ex parte præſtent officia ſua, & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> præſtare poſsint, vbi <expan abbr="cõtinens">continens</expan> <expan abbr="opẽ">opem</expan> <lb></lb>ferat; proinde non ſine ſummo artificio <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> virtutes ab Ariſt. </s> <s>remanere <expan abbr="dicũtur">dicuntur</expan> à quibus accipitur <lb></lb>dominij <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> cum in motum mixtorum, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in alterandi facultate, quod item materiæ dominium ap<lb></lb>pellatur, & <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> cum dominio formæ <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> concordet; aliquando tamen ex affectione repugnat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed nos etiam de his ſatis antehac. </s> <s>Intereà tamen, vt Ariſtotelico more cęterorum ſtudeamus habere <lb></lb>conſenſum. </s> <s>& cum D. Thoma defendimus elementa corrumpi, quòd etſi remanent cauſſa materiæ, <lb></lb>eorum tamen <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> deperit, & idem prorſus contingit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in numero fieri diceremus, cùm ex binario fie<lb></lb>ret ternio. </s> <s>Cùm item docuerimus olim, & cum Auerroë conſentienter formam eſſe idem cum actu ſe<lb></lb>cundo, quae eo careret per accidens, & impedita, hoc conſiderato, quod eam propriè formam, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="ſe-cũdùm">ſe<lb></lb>cundùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> conſtituit; aliquid <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> deteri de forma per actus <expan abbr="ſecũdi">ſecundi</expan> <expan abbr="noxã">noxam</expan> cùm Auerroë defendemus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4717"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4709"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4710"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4711"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4712"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4713"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4714"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4715"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4716"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4717"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm forma mixti diſcrepet à temperamento nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LI.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DIDICIMVS hactenus, quemadmodum mixtio fiat; ſequitur, vt videamus nunc, quod' nam <lb></lb>ſit illud quod pullulat è mixtione; proptereaque in mixto duo quiſpiam obſeruare poſsit tempe<lb></lb>riem cuius beneficio caro eſt calida & humida, & os <expan abbr="frigidũ">frigidum</expan> & ſiccum: poteſt etiam ſpectari <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <lb></lb>per quam eſt caro, aut os; ſiue ſit aliqua forma præter <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>, ſiue anima ipſa: quamobrem dubitatur, <lb></lb>ſit'ne <expan abbr="tẽperies">temperies</expan> ipſa forma, per quam eſt <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, vel aliud quid à <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan> diſcrepans, an <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> è ſola mixtio<lb></lb>ne temperies erumpat; aliunde forma proficiſcatur. </s> <s>Temperiem verò ponimus <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> ſubiecto cum <lb></lb>mixtilibus ipſis, ſiue ſint corpora, ſiue elementorum qualitates, ſeu virtutes quæ concurrerunt ad mi<lb></lb>xturam è <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> certa ratione varia naſcuntur, miri verò ſunt eorum modi & munera; ſic tamen, vt <lb></lb>indiuiduo non conſiſtant. </s> <s>Nil <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aliud eſſe mixti formam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> huiuſmodi temperiem nobis Ariſt. </s> <s>verba <lb></lb>ſignificant: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> definiret <expan abbr="mixtionẽ">mixtionem</expan>, de mixtilium concordia <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> locutus eſt; de forma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mixti ne ver<lb></lb>bum quidem. </s> <s>Prætereà definiens generationem mixti,<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> interitùm naturalem qui fit per putre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4718"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dinem, ſolùm meminit de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> virtutibus: de forma <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> mixti verbum nullum. </s> <s>Idem quoque <lb></lb>docuit<emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="vniformiũ">vniformium</expan> naturam eſſe <expan abbr="temperiẽ">temperiem</expan> & <expan abbr="miſcellã">miſcellam</expan> <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan>, vel, ſi placet, eorum virtutum, cui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4719"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4720"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiæ ſæpiſsimè Galenus, <expan abbr="aliiq́">aliique</expan>. </s> <s>medici ſunt adſtipulati: <expan abbr="tẽperies">temperies</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> videtur eſſe finis mixtio<lb></lb>nis: forma <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & finis recidunt in vnum. </s> <s>Quin etiam <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> mixti forma in <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan> poſita eſſe cen<lb></lb>ſebitur: quandoquidem, ſi <expan abbr="tẽperiem">temperiem</expan> labefactes, aut tollas; vnà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> deſtrues proprias functiones quas <lb></lb>à forma deriuari perſpicuum eſt. </s> <s>Adde quae ab <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> confuſione nulla alia forma, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> temperies na<lb></lb>ſci <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea foret temperamento perfectior; perfectius autem ab imperfectiore produci nequit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Opponunt alij contrà ſic: propterea quae aliæ ſunt <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> functiones ab iis quæ ſunt elementorum: <lb></lb>alia forma igitur. </s> <s>Inſuper terminus generationis mixti <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> quidem non eſſet, ſed habitudo quæ<lb></lb>dam; quippe <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> vnius elementi ad alia, vel plurium inter ſe. </s> <s>Accedit huc, quae in temperamento latitu<lb></lb>do apparet; atqui <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> manet in indiuiduo: <expan abbr="temperamentũ">temperamentum</expan> pellit ſenſus, forma, & eſſentia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> item. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adde his etiam Ariſt. </s> <s>auctoritates qui elementa in mixto per ſe ſubſiſtere non teſtatur, ſed contineri à <lb></lb>forma. </s> <s>Cùm ergo temperies ab elementis non diſtinguatur; ea forma non eſt. </s> <s>Necnon autumat<emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> car<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4721"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem non eſſe elementa ipſa, ſed aliud quipiam. </s> <s>Prætereà accepimus augeri parteis vniformeis <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb></lb>tamen alia forma eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> anima; cùm ea ſit actus corporis organici, nec <expan abbr="temperamentũ">temperamentum</expan>, quia partes va<lb></lb>riantur: iis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> variatis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> neceſſe eſt temperies immutetur, atqui manet ea forma. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc vltro <lb></lb><expan abbr="citroq́">citroque</expan>. </s> <s>afferri <expan abbr="ſolẽt">ſolent</expan> ad <expan abbr="exquirendã">exquirendam</expan> veritatem à philoſophis; huc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> problematica diſquiſitio ſuopte <lb></lb>impulſu contendit. </s> <s>Tres verò <expan abbr="ſnĩas">ſententias</expan> ab optimis auctoribus approbari comperio: <expan abbr="pleriq́">plerique</expan>. </s> <s>enim <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> cu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4722"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="iuſq.">iuſque</expan> mixti formam à <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan> diuerſam arbitrantur. </s> <s>Diſtinguunt alij de mixtis, & ſecus ſe habere cen<lb></lb>ſent <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> habentia ab inanimis: quando inanimorum eſſentia poteſt eſſe temperies, ſed animantium <lb></lb>præter ipſam alia forma eſt, anima nimirùm: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi non <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> (nam de alente dubium eſſe poteſt) at <lb></lb>cognoſcens, & quę propriè <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> anima, quae alens, ſeu <foreign lang="grc">φυτικὴ</foreign> ſæpè <foreign lang="grc">φύσις</foreign> auctore Simplicio vocata fuerit, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aliundè, & ab aſtris <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> ducere prohibetur. </s> <s>Credunt etiam <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> hoc problema <expan abbr="neutrũ">neutrum</expan> eſſe, nec vl<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4723"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>la neceſſaria <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> determinari poſſe. </s> <s>Prior ſanè <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> mihi videtur probabilior, tametſi ſine diſtinctio<lb></lb>ne non approbanda; eius <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> habemus Auerroëm patronum & auctorem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cęterùm nonnulla præ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4724"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>notanda ſunt, vt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> inde dubitatio pellatur. </s> <s>Primùm eam <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">κράσιν</foreign> apud Græcos quam Latini no<lb></lb>ſtri modò <expan abbr="tẽperiem">temperiem</expan>, aliàs <expan abbr="temperamentũ">temperamentum</expan> vertunt, eſſe <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> ambiguam, ſicut & aliæ ſunt com<lb></lb>plures, ne dixerim <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eius figuræ, <expan abbr="ſortiſq́">ſortiſque</expan>. </s> <s>voces, vt <foreign lang="grc">σῆψις</foreign>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ſignificant ſimul & aliquid, dum fit, <lb></lb>ſicut putrefactio & <expan abbr="tẽperatio">temperatio</expan>, & aliquid factum, vt putredo, & <expan abbr="tẽperamentum">temperamentum</expan>, & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> illa certa <expan abbr="qualita-tũ">qualita<lb></lb>tum</expan> quæ in mixtura repreſſæ ſunt: eæ verò vel accipiuntur, vt habitu, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>modo nos elementorum for<lb></lb>mas illas eſſe defendimus, vel in actu ſecundo, & ſic eſſe accidentia, vel inſtrumenta formarum. </s> <s>Mox <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="diſtinguendũ">diſtinguendum</expan> puto de animantibus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animo carentibus; poſtremò <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ipſam <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe vel cauſ<lb></lb>ſa materiæ, vel cauſſa formæ, vt duitas nihil aliud eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duæ vnitates, vt materia, ſed alia eſt ratio <expan abbr="duarũ">duarum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnitatũ">vnitatum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> duitatis. </s> <s>Aſſero igitur ob eam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> quam nuper expoſui <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> cognoſcentem à <expan abbr="tẽpera-">tempera<lb></lb></expan> <pb pagenum="808"></pb>mento prorſus diuerſam: tum deinde <expan abbr="temperamentũ">temperamentum</expan>, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">κρᾶσϊν</foreign>, vt in fieri, à <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> forma, ſiue <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4725"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>anima, ſeu ſit inanimi & mixti ſimpliciter, eſſe diuerſam. </s> <s>tertiò ſtatuo <expan abbr="temperamentũ">temperamentum</expan>, vt aliquid iam <lb></lb><expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> notat, à mixti forma non diſcrepare, quatenus <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> eſt, ſiue animatum ſit, ſiue inanime, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <lb></lb>quatenus eſt ex actibus ſecundis, non primis; aliter alteratio non eſſet mixtio, ſed generatio, ſecluſa ta<lb></lb>men animæ <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, & quatenus animato videtur ſupponi corpus <expan abbr="organicũ">organicum</expan>, velut aliquid actu, ſi non <expan abbr="re-ſaltẽ">re<lb></lb>ſaltem</expan> cogitatione, & in eo ſolùm habita <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua eſt quid ex elementis conſtitutum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id cauſſa ma<lb></lb>teriæ, ſed cauſſa formæ aliud eſſe profiteor. </s> <s>Quamobrem ita puto defendi poſſe Auerroëm, vbi <expan abbr="tempe-ramentũ">tempe<lb></lb>ramentum</expan> aliud à forma faciat, vel quòd <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <expan abbr="cognoſcentẽ">cognoſcentem</expan> reſpexerit, vel quia <foreign lang="grc">κρᾶσϊν</foreign> & <expan abbr="tẽperamen-tũ">temperamen<lb></lb>tum</expan>, non pro re facta, ſed pro motu ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> formam ſumpſerit, vel quae ratione idem, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> re eſſe negauerit, vel <lb></lb>quae <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> primum, non ſecundùm reſpexerit. </s> <s>Ita autem vt ſentiam, me mouent hæc quibus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> poſterior <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> diſſuaderi poſſe videatur: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic hiſce firmamentis <expan abbr="conſidendũ">conſidendum</expan> puto, vt illis <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> demon<lb></lb>ſtrationi <expan abbr="credendũ">credendum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> definiuit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ortum & <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan>, & longo pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4726"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>greſſu <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> temperamenta, licèt generatim tractauit; monet hæc <expan abbr="animantiũ">animantium</expan> gratia fuiſſe narrata; nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> amplius addit de mixtorum forma, niſi quæ ad animam. </s> <s>Non igitur ponit diſcrimen ea ratio<lb></lb>ne Philoſophus in carentibus anima inter <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & <expan abbr="tẽperamentũ">temperamentum</expan>; aliter multò maxima pars noſtræ me<lb></lb>thodi ſilentio præterita fuiſſet, forma nimirùm cuius <expan abbr="sũma">summa</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſemper habenda eſt, & ſine qua nonmo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4727"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dò ignorarentur inanima, ſed animata <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>,<emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quippe quae de <expan abbr="animatorũ">animatorum</expan> ratione ſint inanima: ſiquidem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4728"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi non fuerit <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> erit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> animatum. </s> <s>Quòd verò <expan abbr="temperamentũ">temperamentum</expan> cauſſa materiæ, <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſpectetur, nec idem ſit, ex eo colligi puto, quae Ariſtoteles<emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inuehitur in antiquos qui de materia rerum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4729"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>copiosè diſputaſſent, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> verò <expan abbr="finemq́">finemque</expan>. </s> <s>neglexiſſent, & tamen de <expan abbr="tẽperamẽtis">temperamentis</expan> diſceptauerant, vtputa, <lb></lb>quòd oculus aqueus eſſet, tactus verò terrenus: ipſi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non cuius gratia <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> fieret à natura <expan abbr="docebãt">docebant</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed quae ita ex neceſsitate efficeretur, & materiæ ſolius habebant rationem: proinde <expan abbr="tẽperamentum">temperamentum</expan> cauſ<lb></lb>ſa materiæ differt à forma. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò de anima ſolùm meminit ibi Ariſtoteles, ſed de forma genera<lb></lb>tim: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ortum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> veteres materiæ ſimpliciter adſcribebant, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> <expan abbr="mentionẽ">mentionem</expan> de efficien<lb></lb>te fecere. </s> <s>Sed hæc, vt dixi, non demonſtrantur. </s> <s>Etenim nonnulla omitti potuere, quòd è conſtitutis à <lb></lb>non oſcitante lectore facilè colligi poſſent, & ſæpè in phyſicis <expan abbr="aſſertũ">aſſertum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="exuperantiã">exuperantiam</expan> corrumpere, vnde <lb></lb><expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> proportionem conſtat inter elementa requiri, & illud dominari in cuius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> gignitur mixtum; <lb></lb>necnon imitari functiones id quod ex materia dominatur, vel ex habitu, & affectione, quapropter va<lb></lb>ria ſunt officia mixtorum. </s> <s>Proptereà primam <expan abbr="potiſsimamq́">potiſsimamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> cauſſam, & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ abdita foret, <lb></lb>perſecutum fuiſſe Philoſophum dices in iis locis qui <expan abbr="proponunt̃">proponuntur</expan>, euidentiores & minus principes omi<lb></lb>ſiſſe. </s> <s>Et negare poteris <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> vniformium <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="temperiẽ">temperiem</expan>; cùm ſit alia forma à qua vniformia <lb></lb>continentur: tametſi vna <expan abbr="tẽperies">temperies</expan> elementa afflicta continere poſſe videatur. </s> <s>Nec etiam ſi <expan abbr="tẽperie">temperie</expan> com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4730"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutata forma affligatur, idcirco ſequitur <expan abbr="tẽperiem">temperiem</expan> eſſe formam: ſæpe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corrupto <expan abbr="inſtrumẽto">inſtrumento</expan> functio <lb></lb>tollitur; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõmoto">commoto</expan> quod eſt cauſſa, ſine qua'non, id cuius eſt cauſſa peruertitur. </s> <s>Quamobrem illud <lb></lb>adiiciendum fuerat, eo primo affecto, & <expan abbr="cõturbato">conturbato</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> labefactari, quod facilè negari potuit. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb>opponitur imperfectioris formæ vires ad <expan abbr="ſuperiorũ">ſuperiorum</expan> procreationem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe perduci, varios exitus ha<lb></lb>bet, vt non verendum ſit, quominus afferat vim noſtræ cogitationi: nam duplex in obiectione vitium <lb></lb>latet. </s> <s>primùm, quòd aliud eſt produci ab hoc, aliud ex hoc: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab hoc producitur, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à perfe<lb></lb>ctiore proficiſcitur; illud <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ex quo producitur, non neceſſe eſt eſſe perfectius; quin potius cùm ma<lb></lb>teriæ vicem ſuſtineat; imperfectius eſt neceſſariò. </s> <s>quare cùm formæ illæ non à <expan abbr="tẽperamento">temperamento</expan> quidem <lb></lb>ſed ab alio actu, vt efficiente, veluti ab ambiente, ab anima, & ab alio quod virtute, ſi non actu <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan> contineat. </s> <s>ab ipſo verò, vt ex materia <expan abbr="producãtur">producantur</expan>; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſequitur, vt illud formis perfectius <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Secundùm vitium, quòd ante narrauimus, vt imperfectiora per accidens & vt inſtrumenta, vel aliqua <lb></lb>alia conditione inſignita poſsint in perfectius. </s> <s>Quapropter, vt dixi, non eſt, quòd his admodùm confi<lb></lb>damus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> venio ad alias rationes quæ contra inferebantur. </s> <s>Nam quod opponitur alias eſſe functio<lb></lb>nes <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> ab iis quæ ſunt <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan>, & verum quidem eſt, & neceſſarium, ſed non idcirco <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt <lb></lb>ex elementis: ſiquidem pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> mixturæ, pro ratione <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> mixtarum; pro ratione item modorum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4731"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quibus inter ſe elementa afficiunt, de quibus 2. de partibus copiosè diſputatum eſt; variantur functio<lb></lb>nes in mixtis; eæ tamen <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> in elementa, & eorum qualitates reſolui poſſunt. </s> <s>Noli tu etiam reputare, <lb></lb><expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> aliquam formam eſſe <expan abbr="poſitã">poſitam</expan> in habitudine: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliqua interna, & quæ eſt cauſſa eſſentiæ, vt <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> iis quæ fiunt per <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> qua plura inter ſe ſic habentia facta ſunt vnum, vt domus cu<lb></lb>ius eſſe eſt aliud à partibus. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> domus eſt lapides, & ligna, ſed hoc totum quod eſt ex lapidibus & <lb></lb>lignis, ita tamen ſe habentibus vt vas, & accipit aliud quod <expan abbr="cõpleat">compleat</expan> eſſentiam, vt finem & vſum ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="accõmodata">accommodata</expan> eſt ædificandi deſcripto, diſpoſitionem, & alia: ſic temperamentum ego dicam poſitum <lb></lb>eſſe in elementis, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>certa habitudine, quae iis additur prætereà vniuerſitas qua non ſunt amplius <lb></lb>elementa,<emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed ex illis ita ſe habentibus vnum. </s> <s>Reliqua quæ ſubiiciuntur poſtulant eandem animad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4732"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uerſionem quæ collata eſt in elementorum naturas & qualitates. </s> <s>vt enim ſpectatur in illis habitus, <lb></lb>& actus, & actus ſenſum mouet, habitus ſeorſum manet ſine officio; ſic de temperamento pronun<lb></lb>ciandum eſt; temperies quæ eſt ſicuti priuatio in ordine ad tactum,<emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua notatur exuperantia qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4733"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litatum in actu ſecundo, atque hæc ſenſui ſubiicitur; eſt & qualitas in habitu quæ illi qualitatum con<lb></lb>cordiæ ſupponitur; hæc verò præſtet temperamentum, & principia ponit in mixto, quæ vim efficien<lb></lb>tis ſubeant, dum agunt in aduerſa, materiæ verò dum patiuntur, & dum omnia ſimul corpus mixti <lb></lb>conſtituunt. </s> <s>attamen temperamenti ratio formalis poſita eſt in actibus ſecundis. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> <pb pagenum="809"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4734"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>latitudo in illis ineſt propter materiam; terminus eſt ex forma ex cuius præſentia primum eſt res, ab<lb></lb>ſentia verò primum non eſt, vt quanuis plus minuſúe calidum ſit; eſt tamen aliquis terminus in quo <lb></lb>primum eſt calor, aut calidum, & eo vſque <expan abbr="cõſeruatur">conſeruatur</expan>, quoad abit: id totum ſecundùm formam mul<lb></lb>tò ante appellauimus, & docuimus quemadmodum ſe haberet ad ortum & interitum. </s> <s>Adeſt etiam <lb></lb>forma quæ continet elementa re non diſcrepans ab elementis: necnon temperies cauſſa materiæ non <lb></lb>differt ab elementis, ſed ſecundùm rationem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item efficiens quod talem rationem ponat in elemen<lb></lb>tis, vt ambiens & finis, vtputa, anima. </s> <s>Ex quibus omnibus facilè perſpici poteſt problema defendi <lb></lb>probabiliter; licèt prior illa <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> mihi magis arrideat. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi differre ponatur à forma; iam <lb></lb>eſt paſsio, ſeu potius qualitas patibilis de poſteriore ordine tertiæ ſpeciei qualitatis, ſed quánam forma <lb></lb>nititur? </s> <s>An elementorum formis ante conſtitutionem mixti, & poſtquàm mixtum accepit ſuam <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan>, illi manet affixum, ibi vt affectio præuia; hîc vt conſequens. </s> <s>Illa verò facilia. </s> <s>Sit'ne mixtio molus <lb></lb>naturalis, an non; cùm extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum elementa conueniant ad conflandum mixtum, & extra ſua lo<lb></lb>ca detineantur, nec enim ſine aliqua violentia videtur accidere poſſe, & vtrum <expan abbr="nõnullæ">nonnullæ</expan> qualitates quę <lb></lb>præceſſerint in mixto; remaneant item poſt eius diſſolutionem in elementis. </s> <s>Nam primum illud ita <lb></lb>diluitur. </s> <s>ſiquidem in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan> duplex natura ſpectatur; altera propria per quam eſſe vult id quod eſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera ſuperior; ad quam etiam, vt meliores conditiones accipiat, habet aliquam propenſionem; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4735"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>licet ea quæ eſt ad propriam ſuperet: neque enim ſuperiori & meliori ſeruire violentum eſt, ſed affert <lb></lb>perfectionem; velut appetitui, quòd obediat rationi, & ſubiectis, quòd ſeruiant règi. </s> <s>ſed multum <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">φιλαυτία</foreign>, & cęcus amor ſuiipſius in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> re poteſt. </s> <s>Quod item ſecundo loco dubitatur; ſi detur, <lb></lb>nihil inculcat abſurdi: nam multa ſunt quæ actu retinentur in mixtis, licèt à ſeipſis differant, <lb></lb>vbi ſunt ſeparata <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ τὸ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον εἰλικρινὲς</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt, pro ratione magis, aut mi<lb></lb>nus puri. </s> <s>Nil etiam vetat, quin in mixtura quædam affectio contracta ſit, quæ aliquan<lb></lb>diu conſeruetur in elemento, vt facta combuſtione reſtat amaror in cinere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Satis igitur de mixtione <expan abbr="mixtorumq́">mixtorumque</expan>. </s> <s>origine dictum ſit: & quanuis eiuſ<lb></lb>dem ferè notæ ſit eorum interitus initia pertractare, quia tamen hæc <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele in Meteorologia conſiderata ſunt accuratius; in <lb></lb>eum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> locum referentur à nobis. </s> <s>Atque hactenus ea <lb></lb>complexi ſumus quę ad rerum caducarum motus <lb></lb>attinebant: & mare hoc fluctuoſum auſpi<lb></lb>ce Deo tranſiuimus. </s> <s>Nunc pan<lb></lb>ſis velis altius adſpire<lb></lb>mus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4718"></margin.target>a 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4719"></margin.target>b 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4720"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4721"></margin.target>c 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 60.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4722"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4723"></margin.target>d 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4724"></margin.target>e Tr. 2. <lb></lb>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4725"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4726"></margin.target>a 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4727"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4728"></margin.target>b Præd.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4729"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4730"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4731"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4732"></margin.target>d 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4733"></margin.target>e 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4734"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4735"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS LIBRI OCTAVI.</s></p> <pb pagenum="810"></pb> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI </s></p> <p type="main"> <s>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV LIBER NONVS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE CONVERSIONE <lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>PRAEFATIO AD FERD. MED. M. <lb></lb>ETRVRIAE DVC. SER.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>NVNC demum laſſa ingenioli mei cymba, vt vndas ſecet augustio<lb></lb>res, carbaſa attollit, & nauigationem hanc humilem deſerens ad <lb></lb>altum iam adſpirat: nam postquam ex hoc mundi quaſi cœno ſeſe ex<lb></lb>pediuit, ſublimia ſpectans, ad ea totam ſeſe conuertit, hic enim lu<lb></lb>strandus eſt nobis motus cœlestis & diuinorum illorum corporum na<lb></lb>tura exploranda; quantum & humani animi & mediocris ingenij <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iudicij vires ſustinent: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim immemor ego ſum alia com<lb></lb>plura dictari diuinitùs: ſed hæc. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> patronis egent Peripateticis;<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4736"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>& maius hoc eſt, quàm vt profiteri ſcribere nos audeamus; creden<lb></lb>dumque nimirùm est ijs, qui ea instinctu diuino afflatuque fundunt, nec argumentis, nec rationibus <lb></lb>certis eorum oratio confirmanda. </s> <s>hic illa tantùm ſpectanda, quæ ſenſus & ratio quæ experientia <lb></lb>nituntur, ostendunt, ea diſceptationis huiuſce parte quæ ad veritatem pietatemque pertinent, me<lb></lb>lioribus ſine vlla arrogantia pertinacia'ue reiecta. </s> <s>Quod ſupereſt tu nunc Ampl. </s> <s>FERD. quem <lb></lb>vnum te<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">τρισμέγίστον</foreign> <emph type="italics"></emph>agnouimus & ſapientem, & ſacerdotem & Regem, animum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4736"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“Semotum à curis adhibe ad veram rationem;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ne mea dona tibi ſtudio diſpoſta fideli</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Intellecta priuſquam ſint contempta relinquas.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nam tibi de ſumma cœli ratione <expan abbr="Dei&q́">Dei&que</expan>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Diſſerere incipiam & rerum primordia pandam.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>curſumque meum dirige, dum vela do & primo ingreſſu viros optimos qui de toto hoc litterarum ge-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4737"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>nere benemeriti ſunt, extra omnem culpam, cauſſam que pono & à calumnijs vindico, docens quem<lb></lb>admodum cauſſæ rerum phyſicè ſine crimine tractari queant. </s> <s>quin id ex animo dicam, qui ab Ari<lb></lb>stotelis auctoritate & placitis de relligione diſſerere conantur, mihi ſtatim in illud incurrere vi<lb></lb>dentur quod tanquam vitium grauiſsimum ab illo ipſo auctore quem vt ducem ſibi fecere, nota<lb></lb>tum est: transferunt enim ex vna ſcientia demonſtrationes in aliam longè diuerſam: proinde <lb></lb>cauillis intricantur, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ægrè admodùm, aut fortaſſe nullo modo liceat explicari. </s> <s>Video ve<lb></lb>rò antiquitùs hanc ſcientiarum perturbationem errorum intolerabilium cauſſam extitiſſe, credo <lb></lb>etiam impiarum hæreſeon: nanque Alexandrini philoſophi, dum ita tractant Aristotelem, vt <lb></lb>Chriſtiani videri velint, in pſeudophiloſophos ſimul, & pſeudochriſtianos lapſi ſunt. </s> <s>Etenim ſua <lb></lb>cuique methodo principia retinenda ſunt, vt neque demonstrationis indigeant, neque ab vlla <lb></lb>alia methodo mutuanda ſint. </s> <s>ea quomodocunque notuerint, nil planè refert, modo firmiter ipſis <lb></lb>certa fides habeatur. </s> <s>Talia quoque Theologiam habere oportet, quæ in dubium reuocari non poſ<lb></lb>ſint. </s> <s>ab his certæ concluſiones, velut à plenis fontibus riui, deducuntur. </s> <s>& ſi qua ſunt, quæ aliunde <lb></lb>petita repugnent; ea ſi dialectica præcepta firma ſint, ab eius profeſſore repellenda. </s> <s>& ſatius erat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <pb pagenum="811"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4738"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>illa tanquàm Ariſtotelica pronuntiare, ſi Ariſtotelem profiterentur, & docerent, aut, ſi Chri<lb></lb>ſtianum hominem in iure diuino voluiſſent erudire, Aristotelem miſſum facere, vnarumque ſan<lb></lb>ctarum litterarum interpretationem retinere. </s> <s>Quid? </s> <s>inquies, hæc tu dicis, & rationem af<lb></lb>fers, neque credis? </s> <s>aut ergo non percipis, aut ſi percipis etiam credas oportet, ſi adest ratio. </s> <s>violat <lb></lb>enim mentem, neque ipſi, niſi voce duntaxat reſiſti poteſt. </s> <s>hæc ego ſanè non credo: crederem <lb></lb>equidem, niſi miracula, viſa, & oracula ſanctorum patrum mihi veritatem indicaſſent, nunc in <lb></lb>ratione vitium ineſſe perſpicio: hæc eò credenda, quò ſenſibus ſeſe offerunt, alia ſides eſt, quæ <lb></lb>altius agit radiceis ſuas, quæ item ſuperat ſenſum, atque ipſum ſic occupat, vt ſæpe vincendus ſit, <lb></lb>& quaſi vinciendus, vt illi obſecundare poſsit, non minus, quàm in ægrotum phreneſi labor an<lb></lb>tium ſpectris auxilio prudentiæ faciendum ſit. </s> <s>Neque verò est, quòd etiam perſuadearis hoc fidei <lb></lb>genus à rerum natura abhorrere. </s> <s>nanque apud phyſicum nullus ſpheræ contactus in puncto: ta<lb></lb>lem contactum in puncto fieri docet Mathematicus, quod non agnoſcit ſenſus: ita nè verò duæ <lb></lb>fides oppoſitæ de eadem re? </s> <s>Minimè gentium. </s> <s>ſed duæ certè fides neque tamen oppoſitæ. </s> <s>forent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4739"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſané niſi ſpeculandi ratio & formula rem ipſam immutaret. </s> <s>& vindicaret à repugnantia. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>triplicem rerum naturam nemo eſt, quin approbet, atque recipiat; ſua cuique ſides est ab alterius <lb></lb>fide ſecreta. </s> <s>Phyſica igitur apud Peripateticos ſenſuum ope freta ſic pronuntiat & decernit: <lb></lb>aliud Sacroſancta Theologia clariore lumine viam monſtrante & accipit & concludit. </s> <s>hoc ita <lb></lb>verum eſt; ſed tamen à ſenſu non petitur: non id ſenſui ſeſe offert; ſed alias fores pulſat. </s> <s>hoc lu<lb></lb>mine priuatos fuiſſe multos ſcriptores eruditiſsimos dubium non est: eo niſi priuati fuiſſent, & <lb></lb>hæc bona certè nouiſſent, quæ nobis immeritis ſeſe patefecerunt. </s> <s>ſi ſenſus id valeret; & demon<lb></lb>ſtrationes phyſicè concludi poſſent. </s> <s>ſi demonstrarentur hæc; nullum profectò fidei meritum foret. <lb></lb></s> <s>fidei potentia ſupra demonſtrationem est; quia certior cognitio ſit, & tanquàm profatorum. </s> <s>qua<lb></lb>re ſi ea, quam Peripatetici primam philoſophiam vocant, ob id non quidem ſcientiæ nomine, ve<lb></lb>rùm ſapientiæ dignati ſunt; cur non item huiuſmodi Theologia reputetur, quæ ex principijs erum<lb></lb>pat maximè creditis, & longè magis, quàm ea quæ ſenſus auxilio colliguntur? </s> <s>nil igitur mirum <lb></lb>id, quod ex natura est, inuerti & ſuperari. </s> <s>ſic mens noſtra plus etiam potest, quàm natura ab ocu-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4740"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>lorum ſenſu ſemouens, & ars item ea perficiens, quæ natura inchoauit; & fortuna etiam caſusque <lb></lb>naturam quandoque vicerunt. </s> <s>Quod ſi vitam reſtitui mortuis, & conceptis verbis ægros ſanari, ſi <lb></lb>diuinos afflatus experimur; cur non illa dicemus poſſe naturam, quæ plurimum ſic eueniunt; ſed <lb></lb>etiam ab alia maiore potentia vinci? </s> <s>& eorum quæ plurimum fiant, phyſicem ſibi ſcientiam re<lb></lb>ſeruaſſe. </s> <s>illorum verò quæ ſuperent naturam Theologia parari notitiam? </s> <s>Ita igitur duæ de eadem <lb></lb>re fides, & duæ veritates ſeſe non oppugnant, ſiue perpetuæ ſint, quemadmodum ex eodem exem<lb></lb>plo constat. </s> <s>ſphæra enim nunquam tangit planum in puncto, quia manet in materia ſemper, nec <lb></lb>vnquam ab ea ſegregatur; ſemper tamen existimatur à Mathematico tangere in puncto vti di<lb></lb>ctum eſt; idque aſſeritur verè: ſiue etiam, quia naturæ curſus peruertatur, aut dirigatur in me<lb></lb>lius, &, vt in eadem re perſiſtam; vt ſi ſphæra à materia diuelli poſſet; neque enim aliter ſanè tan<lb></lb>geret, quàm ſicuti Mathematicus ipſe demonſtrat: neque idcirco fallitur Phyſicus. </s> <s>Ita quoque <lb></lb>natura faceret, vt monstrat ſenſus: at non facit quia ſuperatur: nec ob id error, aut falſum irre<lb></lb>pit in philoſophiam naturalem. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quòd videbamus Aristotelis ſententias non rarò<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4741"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>peruerti, & in alium ſenſum capi, quàm ſcriptæ fuiſſent. </s> <s>Quamobrem, quòd in diſciplinis traden<lb></lb>dis Ariſtotele vti vellent, in aliquod ex his incommodis incidere cogebantur; vt ſi pro veris eas <lb></lb>ſententias recepiſſent: quia parùm in ea diſciplina ſibi conſtarent, inextricabili quodam litium <lb></lb>labyrintho prouoluerentur; aut inanem laborem cæpiſſent, ſi eas, quæ nuſquam extarent, tan<lb></lb>quam falſas eieciſſent; aut impijs & reluctantib. ſemper dicere licuiſſet: at hoc nunquam Ariſto<lb></lb>teles: & fides ſcribenti non parùm minui potuiſſet; aut ſi bonus eſſet alius quidam ſenſus, eo non <lb></lb>percepto, tali fructu defraudati fuiſſent. </s> <s>Poſsim hic aliqua in medio afferre, quæ nostra legendo <lb></lb>constabunt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> etiam ex Ariſtotelis ipſius dogmatis auxilij quippiam reb. pijs afferri putem, ſi <lb></lb>modo illius egeant, vt video cenſere nonnullos. </s> <s>Video quoque Auguſtinum vnum è procerib. no<lb></lb>stræ religionis quandam de anima ſententiam Ariſtoteli adſcripſiſſe; ſi eam ſic eſſe monstrem, <lb></lb>quemadmodum ſanctiſsimus ille vir & eruditiſsimus protulit; & auctoritas illi conſeruetur, & <lb></lb>alijs Ariſtotelicam, iure confutandi dabitur occaſio; ac ſi phyſicam fidem ad piam quoque adiunge<lb></lb>re libeat, Chriſtianum thema confirmabitur. </s> <s>Has igitur ob cauſſas rem Peripateticè tractare <lb></lb>placuit: magnique ſemper exiſtimaui referre, ſi demonſtretur hoc ita eſſe; ac ſi de Aristotelis ſen-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <pb pagenum="812"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tentiæ dimicetur, ac decernatur. </s> <s>Non id agitur nunc, vt hoc ita eſſe aſſeueremus, aut credamus fir-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4742"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>miter & conſtanter; ſed hoc ita ſenſiſſe Peripateticum; id nobis indicare ſenſum: illud eſſe naturæ <lb></lb>officium. </s> <s>Neque verò me latet, etiam poſthabita maiestate religionis, quàm difficile ac periculo<lb></lb>ſum ſit in ea item via qua inſtitimus, aſſerere hoc ita eſſe; nedum ſi ab hoc inſtituto recedamus, & <lb></lb>hos ipſos cancellos tranſilire & liberè euagari velimus. </s> <s>Sed quàm facilè eſt, bone Deus, Peripate<lb></lb>ticorum inuadere placita? </s> <s>habes enim hic tu, quæ ipſi de Deo ſenſerint. </s> <s>Tu qui pius eſſe vis, hæc <lb></lb>ita falſa reputato, vt reprehenſione indigna ſint. </s> <s>credis tu, vti debes, conditum mundum, tempus <lb></lb>audis exortum, mundumque olim iri immutatum: ille, qui tibi nuntiarit ingenitam materiam, per<lb></lb>petuoque manſuram, aut ea pugnare, quondam cœpiſſe, nec vnquam eſſe deſiturum, mentietur. </s> <s>fir<lb></lb>ma tu tuas theſes, & in ijs te obfirma. </s> <s>reliqua, mihi crede, nihil obſtabunt: eadem eſt enim veri <lb></lb>falſique norma. </s> <s>Nec tu, quem ego pono probè tenere dialecticen; quanuis ſic phyſicè, hoc est, via <lb></lb>ſenſus concludi perſpicias, Theologiam hæc arbitraberis oppugnare: ac ſi tantum potuiſſe fateberis <lb></lb>humanum ingenium citra diuinas adſpirationes, nec quicquam plus, verùm hercle putabis; & nu<lb></lb>mini ſupremo tribues multo plura; neque in te locum habebit Zoroaſtri ſapientiſsimi dictum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4743"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4737"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4738"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4739"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4740"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4741"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4742"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4743"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ωτολμηρωτάτης φύσεως ἄνθρωπε τέχυασμα</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Verùm neque ego hæc effutio ſolus: eadem ſentit Eccleſiæ lumen Gregorius. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> de eo quod <lb></lb>humanæ vires & curſus naturæ poſſunt, iudicium feramus. </s> <s>de virtutibus ſupremis aget Theolo<lb></lb>gus. </s> <s>Siquis autem abominetur ſtudia noſtræ philoſophiæ, quia falſæ erroris plenæ theſes, & quæ <lb></lb>animos auditorum corrumpant, addiſcantur; idem quoque cæteris artib. euenire ſciat, vt in medi<lb></lb>cina, & in ijs uniuerſis, quas Græci, quia coniectura continentur & opinabiles ſunt, stochasticas <lb></lb>appellant; ut uenena & mala cognoſcenda ſint, non ut ijs utantur; ſed ut caueant. </s> <s>multò igitur ma<lb></lb>gis hæc cognoſcenda, quæ profeſſus eſt Aristoteles, & tantò etiam, quanti animi ſalus ſaluti corpo<lb></lb>ris anteponenda est. </s> <s>nam ſi morbum ignores; neque profectò remedium parare poſsis. </s> <s>At veneno<lb></lb>rum, inquies, artem nemo tradidit ſeorſum; ſed prætereà doctrinam remediorum adſcripſit. </s> <s>At <lb></lb>ibi remediorum doctrina incognita: quapropter eam doceri oportuit. </s> <s>nos pietatem cum lacte ſugi<lb></lb>mus: ea prius in animis noſtris imbibitur & ei fides habetur, quàm phyſica tractentur, ita malum <lb></lb>remedio ſuperueniens nihil officit. </s> <s>Neque eſt quòd quiſpiam ſuſpicetur hæc peruertere fidem. </s> <s>non<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4744"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>enim id efficiunt vnquàm, niſi deprauatum animum offendant. </s> <s>qui autem bene informatus est, <lb></lb>vbi audit aliquid, quod pietati aduerſetur, arrigitur & horreſcit continuò. </s> <s>peruerſus etiam, cùm <lb></lb>ſenſum plerunque ſectetur, quicquid repugnantis ſenſui pronunciatur, abhorret; neque veritatis <lb></lb>capax eſt, & leges irridet. </s> <s>Neque forſan ea valent ad fidem amplificandam, quæ diſſeruntur in <lb></lb>Scholis ab earum profeſſoribus: aperiunt, meo quidem iudicio, ſolùm ea quæ ſic eſſe credebatur: <lb></lb>ac, ſiqua fides accedat, ea ſanè non est generis eiuſdem; nec pietas, ſed ſcientia. </s> <s>illa magis per affe<lb></lb>ctuum commotionem, quàm per doctrinam & diſciplinam parari conſueuit: ſic etiam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per do<lb></lb>ctrinam, aut diſciplinam corrumpitur. </s> <s>Atqui multi errores pullulant è nostris diſciplinis, vt ſi<lb></lb>quis de tribus perſonis humanitùs diſceptare velit. </s> <s>At hoc iam eſt, quod nos aſsiduè prædicamus, <lb></lb>confundere methodos. </s> <s>Ita ſemper eòdem reuoluimur, ut nostratia ſegregentur à diuinis, & ius <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> facultas quæque retineat; ne forte cauillari cogamur, & hic à uera pietate deſciſcere. </s> <s>Hæc ego <lb></lb>ſæpe cum Matthæo Renuccinio communicabam, quem cùm pietas inſignis Franciſco Medici ſua<lb></lb>uiſsimo fratri tuo perſpecta Eccleſiæ Piſanæ præfeciſſet, iudicem conſtitueram, ſiquid mutandum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4745"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>eſſe uidebatur, aut omnino tollendum: nam uolebam hoc commentarium haberi omni ratione pur<lb></lb>gatum. </s> <s>Habes nunc tu Celſiſsime FERD. conſilij factique mei rationem, quam, quòd à te qui <lb></lb>eſt animi tui candor, maximè probari confido; aggrediar alacriter ea quæ ſequuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <pb pagenum="813"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4746"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4744"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4745"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4746"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>DE MOTV GENERATIM DISSERI INITIO<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Octaui libri, de Phyſico auditu. </s> <s>Caput 1<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HIC primùm ex eo, quòd motus ſimpliciter perpetuus eſt apud Peripateticos, <lb></lb>vnum quoque perpetuum fore concludendum eſt, quem oſtendemus eſſe cęle<lb></lb>ſtem: eius recenſendæ conditiones, & ab eo ad mobilis & mouentis ipſius vim <lb></lb>aſcendendum, vt eius natura perſpecta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> recepta <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> auctore bonorum <lb></lb>omnium, in ipſo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vniuerſa, quæ ab ipſo plenè cognoſcamus, quæ <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> per <expan abbr="trã-ſennam">tran<lb></lb>ſennam</expan> ſeſe nobis hactenus prodidere. </s> <s>Inde item fieri initium docet philoſo<lb></lb>phus omnium problematum, quæ de motus æternitate proponuntur. </s> <s>Cùm ve<lb></lb>rò motus ſit, vel rectus, vel in orbem, & vtrique vel ſigillatim, vel vniuersè, hoc <lb></lb>eſt, non quilibet motus, ſed omnes ſimul, & quemadmodum Latinorum vulgus ait, collectim, non au<lb></lb>tem diſtributim ſpectari poſsint, magna lis exorta eſt inter Auerroëm <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>ſectatores & alios inter<lb></lb>pretes cum Græcos tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Arabas & Latinos, quemadmodum problematis huiuſce ſtratum accipien<lb></lb>dum ſit: & quoniam de ſingulis motibus rerum quæ intra cęli ambitum comprehenduntur, nulla nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4747"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>circunuenit difficultas, cùm <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> perſpicuum ſit, eos ſigillatim interrumpi; reliquis verò motibus <lb></lb>perpetuitas adeſſe poſsit, hoc eſt, ſi collectim ſpectentur, aut, ſi conuerſio ipſa ſit, extat quæſtio ad <lb></lb>quem'nam ex hiſce motib. & quo pacto ſumptum problema pertineat exiſtimante Auerroe demon<lb></lb>ſtrationes iſtas ad conuerſionem pertinere, aliis contra ad motum vniuersè acceptum. </s> <s>Multæ verò ra<lb></lb>tiones vltro <expan abbr="citroq́">citroque</expan>. </s> <s>ab <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ſecta allatæ ſunt, quæ cùm partim faciant ad aſſequendum ſcopum no<lb></lb>ſtrarum diſputationum, partim verò ad percipiendam digreſsionem Auerrois, ideò rem hanc vberius <lb></lb>pertractare conſtituimus. </s> <s>Ij qui tuentur partes Auerrois, ita perſuadere conantur eius ſententiam. </s> <s>Pri<lb></lb>mùm, quia rationes Ariſtotelis imperfectæ forent, ſi probaretur æternitas de motu generatim ſumpto, <lb></lb>non autem de primo qui cęli ipſius eſt: nam continuitas per alios motus pertinet beneficio cęleſtis; <lb></lb>quare non ſufficeret, ſi motum generatim ſumptum æternum eſſe monſtraretur; ſed <expan abbr="æternitatẽ">æternitatem</expan> de mo<lb></lb>tu primo demonſtrari adhuc oporteret. </s> <s>Deinde ex Ariſtotelis eiuſdem progreſſu confirmant propoſi<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe argumentatur. </s> <s>Omni motui nouo præcedit aliquis motus. </s> <s>Sed omni motui nouo nul<lb></lb>lus alius motus, quàm cęleſtis conuerſio præcedit. </s> <s>Cùm ergo de illo motu diſputet Ariſt. </s> <s>qui omnem <lb></lb>motum anteit, neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de motu cęli diſputabit. </s> <s>Approbauit item alia ratione Albertus conſi<lb></lb>lium, & interpretationem Auerrois, eo quòd in orbem rediret ea demonſtratio, quandoquidem ex eo, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4748"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd motus generatim acceptus eſſet perpetuus; concluderetur in primis fore quempiam motum ſin<lb></lb>gularem perpetuum, quippe cęleſtem. </s> <s>poſtea verò 2. de Ort. </s> <s>efficeretur motum generatim eſſe <lb></lb>perpetuum: quia conuerſio perpetua foret. </s> <s>Burleus autem Auerroi gratificaturus alia via inſtitit, nem<lb></lb>pe explorans ſingulas obiectiones quas contra noſtri problematis <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan> facit Ariſtoteles: nan<lb></lb>que omnes eò contendunt, vt motus cęli non ſit perpetuus. </s> <s>Problema igitur de motu cęli conſtructum <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>Propter has igitur <expan abbr="harumq́">harumque</expan>. </s> <s>conſimiles rationes, <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> problematis huiuſce ſenſum affert Auerroës. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vtrùm primus motus qui continet mundum, & conuenit cęlo, ſiue vnus ad numerum ſit, ſeu plures, <lb></lb>ita ſui ortus initium habuerit, vt ante illum nullus fuerit motus; an olim cuncta moueri cęperint; aut <lb></lb>fuerit nullo generatus ortu, nec ab aliquo temporis principatu ortus ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam poſthac ſit interitu<lb></lb>rus. </s> <s>& ad hunc ſenſum omnia illa refert quæ ab Ariſtotele adſcribuntur, vtputa, definitionem motus, <lb></lb>& interpretatur, illum eſſe vitam, quia ſolus hic cum ſubſtantiæ conſeruatione producatur; & reliquæ <lb></lb>quæ in octaui progreſſu quiuis facilè obſeruare poteſt. </s> <s>At contra Auerroëm inuehi licet è verbis ipſius <lb></lb>contextus, quæ certè omnia corrumpuntur, ſi in eum ſenſum accipiamus hoc problema. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pro<lb></lb>ponitur ab initio. </s> <s>“Vtrùm ſit factus aliquando motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt moueretur antea nihil, & quae ineſt in <lb></lb>iis quæ ſunt, veluti vita quædam quæ adeſt natura ſubſiſtentib. omnib. & paullò pòſt omnes de ortu <lb></lb>& interitu verba facere: non ne monſtrant quæſtionem de perpetuitate motus eſſe generalem?” Rur<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4749"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus cùm in arcem diſputationis inuadit, non ne accipit definitionem <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> motus, quæ tradita fuerat <lb></lb>olim 3. Phyſ. quid, cùm prętereà adiungit ſecundùm <expan abbr="vnumquenq.">vnumquenque</expan> motum. </s> <s>& alterari quidem alterabi<lb></lb>le. </s> <s>ferri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id, quod locum mutare poteſt? </s> <s>“Quinetiam, cùm ſubiungebat. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt mobilium, aut eo<lb></lb>rum quæ mouere poſſunt, <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> cui dubium, quin de omni motu verba faceret? </s> <s>Iterum cùm <lb></lb>argumentatur.” Si motus non erat, & factus eſt: ergo prius aliquid immutari oportuit. </s> <s>non'ne plus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>vnam motus ſpeciem comprehendit? </s> <s>Quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſe ſit, vt, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> moueat, eadem ſpecie motus agite<lb></lb>tur? </s> <s>Præſertim cùm mox adſcribat eorum exempla, quæ plures motus efficiunt, vt ſcientia, quæ vna <lb></lb>contrariorum eſt. </s> <s>“Multò verò liquidius hoc conſtat, nimirum, quòd de vnico motu non agit. </s> <s>inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>Attamen <expan abbr="qualitercunq.">qualitercunque</expan> tandem ſe habeat, nihil prohibet vnum & <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> eſſe aliquem, qui continuus <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpetuus; manifeſtum verò magis erit ex iis quæ poſterius.” Vides <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc non id ſtatui, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>perſpicuum. </s> <s>ſed cùm fieri poſsit, vt motus perpetuus ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem vnus: quare ſatis conſtat <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>ex demonſtratis adhuc non notuiſſe, <expan abbr="nedũ">nedum</expan> noſtro problemati ſupponatur. </s> <s>“Et paullò pòſt monſtrat vim <lb></lb>eius dubitationis eſſe talem. </s> <s>Cur eorum quæ ſunt, alia quidem quieſcunt, alia verò <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>.” quare <lb></lb>patet per omnia illa quæ ſunt, <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> de motus origine pertinere. </s> <s>Tum prætereà quòd accipit mo<lb></lb>tum qui vna inanima & animata complectatur, & ne locorum multitudine lector obruatur, nil eſt <expan abbr="de-niq.">de<lb></lb>nique</expan> <expan abbr="illucuſq.">illucuſque</expan> vbi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> motum eſſe concluditur. </s> <s>quod non omne motionum genus <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <pb pagenum="814"></pb>prehendat. </s> <s>ex quo item argumentari licet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> demonſtrationes ab inuentis & mediis informari ſolent. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4750"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sed media, & inuenta ſunt omni motui <expan abbr="cõia">conia</expan>: & problema igitur. </s> <s>Deinde quia progreſſus Ariſt. </s> <s>redun<lb></lb>daret. </s> <s>inferius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpecialis inquiſitio deprimi motus ęternitate facta eſt: quod ſanè faciendum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erat, <lb></lb>ſi in octaui exordio peractum fuiſſet. </s> <s>Tum tertiò, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>dum eiusmodi problema tractat in con<lb></lb>ſequentibus, illa eadem quę in eius libri principio demonſtrata fuerunt, vſurpat ad amuſsim. </s> <s>Poſtre<lb></lb>mò quia poſt initium quærit Ariſtoteles, an aliqua ſemper moueantur: quod item fruſtra perpende<lb></lb>retur, ſi iam antea demonſtratum foret. </s> <s>Quanuis autem ad huiuſmodi obiectiones reſpondere cona<lb></lb>tus ſit Burleus acer Auerrois defenſor: attamen ita dixit, vt eiuſdem rei repetitam in eodem libro de<lb></lb>monſtrationem ſæpius eſſe fateatur. </s> <s>vt certè ſui illius incommodi. </s> <s>quod ibi à redundantia ſumptum <lb></lb>contra aduerſarios vſurparat, cùm idem modo recipiat, & rurſus in eodem labatur, immemorem fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe conſtet. </s> <s>Proptereà potius cum Græcis omnibus D. Thoma & alijs quibuſdam Latinis etiam ex eius <lb></lb>ſecta conſentiemus dicentes proponi problema de motu generatim. </s> <s>Rationes autem pro Auerroe al<lb></lb>latas hoc pacto diſſoluemus. </s> <s>primùm concedentes eas eſſe imperfectas, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>perſpicientem <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <lb></lb>ex ea demonſtratione quæ motum accipit generatim, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> ex notis nobis perduxiſſe nos ad æterni<lb></lb>tatem primi cuiuſdam motus, ex quo poſteà concluſa ſit ęternitas primi motoris. </s> <s>Deinde monentes ſe<lb></lb>cundam rationem continere fallaciam illá quæ ducitur ex figura dictionis: accipit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omne pro ſingu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4751"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lis, vt aiunt, diſtributiuè, & ſyncategorematicè, aut omnib. ſimul; cùm accipienda collectim ſit ea vox. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> concluditur Ariſtotelica demonſtratio. </s> <s>Ante <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> illa fuerit, ſtatuendum fore <lb></lb>quempiam motum; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ante <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, ita vt omnes ſimul comprehendantur. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quemadmo<lb></lb>dum dialectici dicunt, <expan abbr="repugnãtia">repugnantia</expan> foret in adiecto: aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, ſi dicamus ante ſingulos motus eſſe motum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad Albertum verò dicimus, id quod ipſe obiicit, tantùm abeſſe, vt abſurdum ſit, vt potius <expan abbr="reponendũ">reponendum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit in neceſſarijs: quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non concedit gyrum illum rationis in naturali, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diuina philoſophia <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb>noſtri regreſſum vocant, & reciprocationem inter diuerſos ſciendi modos, quorum altero rem eſſe co<lb></lb>gnoſcamus ex effectu; altero verò cur ita ſit ex cauſſa? </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id ſit, quod tamen non facilè <expan abbr="cõceſ-ſerim">conceſ<lb></lb>ſerim</expan>, vt obiectiones contra <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> cęleſtem omnes intendantur; hîc dicemus, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> perpetuitatis ſpecies <lb></lb>eluceat magis in conuerſione, quàm in cæteris, Ariſtotelem contrà ipſam rationes attuliſſe, vt iis confu<lb></lb>tatis, velut à maiori reprehenderentur rationes, quæ contra perpetuitatem reliquorum motuum affe<lb></lb>runtur. </s> <s>De motu igitur illa generatim propoſita ſunt ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Quòd ſiqua ratione tueri veli<lb></lb>mus Auerroëm; dicemus ipſum ex fine determinaſſe problema: huc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contendit vniuerſa Ariſtotelis <lb></lb>diſceptatio, vt intelligatur vnicum eſſe motum qui ſit perpetuus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4747"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4748"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4749"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4750"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4751"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Perpenditur à natura motus, an'ne ipſe generatim perpetuus ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4752"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4752"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NVNC ſequitur, vt cognoſcamus talem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe perpetuum: in eo verò explicando, ſi velimus <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem non ſine cauſſa imitari, modus ſtatuendus eſt, & ratio conſueta tractandi quæſtio<lb></lb>nes: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> earum conſtitutio ſit trimembris, vt theorema demonſtratione confirmetur, opiniones di<lb></lb>uerſæ confutentur, & diluantur rationes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> oppoſitum concludi videbatur: ita nos in hac agitanda <lb></lb>diſceptatione progrediemur. </s> <s>Quanuis autem quæſtiones analyticę quattuor ſint, binæ ſimplices, an<lb></lb>ſit, & quid; ac binæ complexæ; quale'nam eſt, & cur: quia perſpicuum eſt, & ab omnib. paucis admo<lb></lb>dum exceptis approbatum eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & in rerum natura <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> illum exiſtere quem antea deſcripſimus <lb></lb>dimiſsis ſimplicib. quin ſiquando vſus fuerit, acceptis, quæſtiones complexas aggrediemur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id pro<lb></lb>ponemus ad inquirendum vtrùm factus ſit aliquando motus, cùm antea non extitiſſet, & ita corrum<lb></lb>patur, vt nihil poſteà mouendum ſit, an <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> factus ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> interiturus. </s> <s>ſed ſemper fuit, & ſem<lb></lb>per extabit; quod certè nil aliud ſibi vult, quàm vtrùm æternus ſit motus, nec'ne. </s> <s>Huius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> problema<lb></lb>tis cognitio perneceſſaria eſt, tùm propter <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, phyſicum, ad quem pertinet ſpectare principia mo<lb></lb>tus; <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>conditiones; tùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd ex hoc <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> noto nobis, accipitur occaſio veſtigandi ſubſtantias ſe<lb></lb>paratas ab omni materia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> defuerunt rationes veterib. <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> motum aliquando cepiſſe, aut deſi<arrow.to.target n="marg4753"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turum eſſe confirmarent. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> didicerimus eſſe ex quodam termino in quendam terminum omnem <lb></lb><expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>, ex termino à quo nimirùm ad terminum ad quem; & inter contraria: in infinitum verò <lb></lb>tendere mutatio nequit. </s> <s>nullus igitur motus infinitus eſt. </s> <s>Tùm etiam adeſt experientia quæ à motibus <lb></lb>inanimorum ſumpta eſt; ſiquidem <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> motus initium habeat, & mouentur ipſa, cùm antea & ex to<lb></lb>to, & ex parte quieuiſſent. </s> <s>quae ſi motus fuiſſet æternus; oportuiſſet item illorum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> cępiſſe. </s> <s>Si<lb></lb>quidem verò non moueat hæc ratio; quia motus inanimorum ſemper requirat alium <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>mouentur inanima ex ſeipſis, verùm ab alio mouente ſeparato, vt olim dictum eſt: ideò conſulamus <lb></lb>animata, quæ in ſeipſis habent principium quod efficit motum. </s> <s>Hæc igitur, quòd <expan abbr="impetũ">impetum</expan> aliunde non <lb></lb>expectant; ſed vniuerſum continent intra ſe; perpetuò moueri poſſent: at <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc perpetuò mouen<lb></lb>tur: idcirco motum non ſemper extitiſſe fatebimur. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mundus animal eſſe exiſtimetur, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> quo<lb></lb>que de mundo iudicium faciendum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> dicendum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eius olim cępiſſe, cùm antea quieuiſſet <lb></lb>tempore infinito: & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ex antiquis nonnulli <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> poſuiſſent, aut <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan>, aut <expan abbr="me-diũ">me<lb></lb>dium</expan> quid; id quod de mundo concluditur, transferri <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poteſt ad tale <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, ſi detur. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae <lb></lb>ſi motus motui præcederet in infinitum; eſſet in cauſsis efficientib. & effectib. infinitas, quæ tollit planè <lb></lb>rerum naturam. </s> <s>Ex altera parte æternitas motus, ſiue ille generatim accipiatur, ſeu ſpeciatim, in eo <lb></lb>certè poſita eſt, vt iuxta <expan abbr="peripateticã">peripateticam</expan> doctrinam <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> habuerit initium, nec <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> ceſſaturus ſit: vnde <pb pagenum="815"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4754"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi propoſitum conficere libeat, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> pars aſſumpti approbanda eſt: id verò duplici machina ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele tentatum fuit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> definitione motus, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> natura inſtantis: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> definitione quidem motus, id <lb></lb>quod agimus nunc, ſigillatim caput <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> tractatur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic actui poteſtas ſemper antecedit, vbi .ſ. </s> <s>in <lb></lb>vno, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>indiuiduo ſpectentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="namq.">namque</expan> ſimpliciter actus præcedit poteſtati, cùm ratione, tùm præ<lb></lb>ſtantia & tempore; <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>ea ſit duplex, actuoſa nimirùm, & patibilis; ſemper actui ſuo <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> antece<lb></lb>dit: quare <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> motus ſit actus; ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> potentiam quandam ſeipſo <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> poſtulat. </s> <s>quae ſi poteſtas ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> dirigitur, & in ipſum erumpere parata eſt; non poſsit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſine aliqua mutatione prodire; <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt igitur cuilibet motui præcedat aliqua mutatio. </s> <s>Ea verò quæ aſſumpta ſunt, ex illo <expan abbr="perſpicui-tatẽ">perſpicui<lb></lb>tatem</expan> aſſequuntur; quia <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eius quod eſt in potentia quatenus huiuſmodi, hoc aſt, <lb></lb>quòd eſt via ad <expan abbr="conſequendã">conſequendam</expan> <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> in eo quod ipſam conſequi poteſt; id verò eſt <expan abbr="ſubie-ctũ">ſubie<lb></lb>ctum</expan>: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>omni motui <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> præcedit quod eſt in potentia. </s> <s>Prętereà perſuadet inductio <expan abbr="cuicunq.">cuicunque</expan> <lb></lb>motui <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ſemper anterire, actuoſam .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> patibilem: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="cõbuſtioni">combuſtioni</expan> præcedit id quod ha<lb></lb>bet vim <expan abbr="cõburendi">comburendi</expan>, & id ſimiliter quod <expan abbr="cõburi">comburi</expan> poteſt, ignis videlicet, & lignum. </s> <s>Id verò quod ſequi<lb></lb>tur ex his, ita connectitur, & fit <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan>, cùm in mobilibus, tùm etiam in mouentibus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in illis pri<lb></lb>mùm ſic. </s> <s>ſtatuamus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quendam <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & illud quod in potentia ad ipſum ſit: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc <expan abbr="pro-ductũ">pro<lb></lb>ductum</expan> fuit, aut infinito tempore permanſit. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> dederis; oportuit igitur ei primo motui præcede<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4755"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> cuius interuentu orta ſint non minus id, quod potuit vrere, quàm id quod potuit vri. </s> <s>quae <lb></lb>ſi conceſſeris alterum; certè ſi manet & ceſſat; adeſt cauſſa quædam manendi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ceſſandi, & quæ pro<lb></lb>hibeat, quominus ipſam mobile concitetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi id quod olim manebat, moueri debeat, & quietem <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> motu <expan abbr="cõmutare">commutare</expan>, præſtò ſit oportet id quod abigat impediens, & cauſſam quietis arceat. </s> <s>etenim ſicu<lb></lb>ti motus habet cauſſam <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quies, vt naturam. </s> <s>vtriuſque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura principium eſt & motus, <lb></lb>& quietis: quare <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illi motui <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> nos <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ſtatuimus quiſpiam alius antecedet, ille .ſ. </s> <s>quo tollens <lb></lb><expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan>, & cauſſam quietis aut mouit, aut <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>In mouentibus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan>, ſiue ea ſint natu<lb></lb>ralia, ſeu libera, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> homo, in eo conueniunt; per ſe'ne, an per accidens; nihil refert, quòd <lb></lb>poſſunt oppoſita: nam de homine controuerſia non eſt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> per ſcientiam & rectè illi cogitare liceat, <lb></lb>& errare; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit facultas, qua video amicum, & qua non video. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan>, actuoſam <lb></lb><expan abbr="infinitã">infinitam</expan>, ſed rationis participem vocamus. </s> <s>Naturalia verò definitè agunt; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ignis calefacit, aqua <expan abbr="au-tẽ">au<lb></lb>tem</expan> humectat. </s> <s><expan abbr="cęterũ">cęterum</expan> & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> aliquo modo poſſunt oppoſita; quòd ea præſtant quæ diximus, vbi pręſen<lb></lb>tia fuerint: idcirco ſi abſint, per priuationem oppoſitorum cauſſa ſunt. </s> <s>Verumenimuero ex eo, quòd <lb></lb>antea non agerent, poſtea eruperunt in actum, interuenire oportuit <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> mouentis ad <lb></lb>mobile, aut appropinquationem, aut aliquid huiuſmodi: aut igitur aderat talis habitudo, aut non: ſi ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4756"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſam affuiſſe dicas, cur non item mouebat hoc, illud autem mouebatur? </s> <s>ſi minus; at <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> aliquam <lb></lb>interceſsiſſe oportuit, per quam habitudo illa renouaretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita motus motui præceſsiſſet, qui ſi <lb></lb>non fuiſſet eiuſdem generis; nil profectò refert: ſufficit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi fuerit quiſpiam motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> is aut in agen<lb></lb>te, aut in patiente, aut etiam in alieno & externo, quemadmodum à nobis dictum eſt, qua de motu <lb></lb><expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> quæ <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> genita ſunt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> de eo, quae ego qui poſsim ſcribere, non tamen ſcribam neceſſariò, de<lb></lb>ſiderari ſcimus certam <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> appetitus: ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in humanis actionib. innouandis mutatio <lb></lb>interuenit in appetitu. </s> <s>Hæc primo ingreſſu nobis exhibuit Ariſt. </s> <s>eiuſmodi tamen, vt à Philopono fue<lb></lb>rint agitata ferocius. </s> <s>Falſum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe exiſtimat mobile ſemper motui præcedere, ac fieri poſſe motum, <lb></lb>quanuis mobile non præceſſerit. </s> <s>nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> generale hoc eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item neceſſarium. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus aut <lb></lb>æternus, aut caducus ſit, quanuis caduco mobile præcedat; at quo pacto poteſt æterno præcedere? </s> <s>ſi igi<lb></lb>tur, vniuocam eſſe cenſeas illam <expan abbr="diffinitionẽ">diffinitionem</expan> motus, quæ 3. Phyſ. allata eſt, & in libris primæ philoſo<lb></lb>phiæ repetita; profectò, ſicuti non antecedit æterno motui mobile; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> caduco. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> definitio com<lb></lb>plectitur æqualiter vniuerſa ſubiecta, aut igitur ſi mobile non præcedat; motus erunt caduci; aut mo<lb></lb>bile <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> æterno motui <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> præcedet, id quod fieri non poteſt. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſe plurib. digreſſus eſt ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="explicandã">explicandam</expan> <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> illius definitionis. </s> <s>Actus eius quod eſt in potentia, quatenus huiuſmodi; quia cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4757"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potentia ſit duplex, altera quidem ab actu ſegregata quam <expan abbr="remotã">remotam</expan> dixeris, vt in ligno prius, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> com<lb></lb>buratur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ iam eſt copulata <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> actu, quæ proxima dici poteſt: huiuſmodi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illa eſt quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> imperfectum reddit qui in definitione motus accipiebatur; ita motus <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> comprehendit, vt <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> capiat, ſed <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quę iam non diuellitur ab actu; quo fit, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> Ariſtoteles in argumentatione ſua <lb></lb>recipiat id genus potentię quod eſt ab actu ſeiunctum: decipiat nos eo genere cauilli, quod ducitur ab <lb></lb>ambiguo. </s> <s>Et quod poteſtas illa proxima, non autem remota in definitione motus accipienda ſit, atque <lb></lb>ea quæ cum actu copulata eſt, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ea, quę non dum attigit actum; ex eo concludi poſſe teſtatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accipiamus, inquit, aliquod corpus in loco terrę, atque id ſurſum ſuapte natura progreſſurum ſit, <lb></lb>non poteſt ſanè ſic moueri, niſi fiat ignis: ergo poteſtas ad locum ſuperiorem eſt in igni, non autem in <lb></lb>eo corpore ex quo fit ignis: nec igitur mobile, neque potentia motui præcedunt: ſed ignis ſimul eſt, <lb></lb>& poteſtas ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> locum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò poſſet concedere quiſpiam in definitione <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> motus <expan abbr="acci-piendã">acci<lb></lb>piendam</expan> eſſe proximam illam <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>; at <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> etiam aderat corpus, ex quo genitus eſt ignis, ante<lb></lb>quàm aſcenderet, in quo reſidet potentia remota, & tale <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eiuſmodi potentia in argumento <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele ſumi putare. </s> <s>Ergo & in aliud <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> incidemus, inquit, ſi id concedatur; <expan abbr="quandoqui-dẽ">quandoqui<lb></lb>dem</expan> omne corpus quolibet motu <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueri poterit: omne <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corpus, aut ſaltem <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> <lb></lb>(quanuis ipſe exiſtimet omne corpus eſſe <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan>) poteſtatem proximam, vel remotam ad quenlibet <lb></lb>motum obtinuit: ita aqua poteſtatem habebit, vt ſurſum moueatur ſuapte natura. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fuerit <pb pagenum="816"></pb>eodem pacto alteratio, & auctio <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in eo, quod eſt potentia proxima vel remota: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4758"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nonmodò caro augebitur, verùm etiam cibus, quę cùm ſint abſurda, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in cauſſa ſunt, vt credamus <lb></lb><expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> in motu <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe quę maneat coniuncta <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> actu, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſi natura pręcedat, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> tempo<lb></lb>re & origine, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> perficiatur actus, quo <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> perfecto ceſſat omnis poteſtas. </s> <s>Idcirco vir ille repu<lb></lb>diata via quam tenuit Ariſt. </s> <s>ad æternitatem motus <expan abbr="approbandã">approbandam</expan>, attulit <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæ certior eſſet, ſi mo<lb></lb>dò verum foret <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan>; <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> quòd ex nihilo nihil fiat: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi hoc verum ſit; profectò probatum iri <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe ęternum: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mobile motui ſemper antecedet; ſed cùm hoc falſum ſit; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſequi, vt nulla <lb></lb>ſuppetat ratio qua motum æternum eſſe concludatur. </s> <s>Hic igitur eſt primus conflictus Philoponi <lb></lb>cum Ariſtotele.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4753"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4754"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4755"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4756"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4757"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4758"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Soluuntur Peripateticè rationes Philoponi contra Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>III.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HæC certè peccant in eo, quòd in controuerſiam reuocant illa principia, quæ apud Phyſicos Peri<lb></lb>pateticos axiomata ſunt, & à ſenſu recepta fidem faciunt, quæ niſi ſuperentur ab altera maiore <lb></lb>fide, negari non poſſent, quam nos hic quandò non decreuimus vſurpare libentiſsime, vt debemus, ad<lb></lb>mittimus, ſed miſſam de induſtria facientes ad Ariſtotelem veniemus. </s> <s>Vt igitur diſſoluamus primam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4759"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illam obiectionem; huc ea conferenda ſunt quæ narrauimus olim de natura <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> ad vnum, & definitio<lb></lb>num quæ ad tale <expan abbr="cõium">conium</expan> genus accommodantur, in quibus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus definitionem <expan abbr="numerandã">numerandam</expan> eſſe di<lb></lb>cimus: conuenit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primò lationi, deinde cæteris: ſed cùm inter lationes prima conuerſio ſit, tum Phi<lb></lb>loponi oppoſitio vim afferre videbitur. </s> <s>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mobile motui præcedit: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita motus non erit ęternus; <lb></lb>aut erit motus æternus, & ſic mobile motui <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> anteibit. </s> <s>Quare dicimus ęternum eſſe duplex, aut vni<lb></lb>uerſum ſimul, aut per ſucceſsionem: ac ſi vniuerſum fuerit ſimul, hoc profecto ante ſe nihil habere di<lb></lb>cimus quod tempore antecedat, aliter gigni poſſe. </s> <s>Verùm ſi conſtet ſecundùm partes; nil prohibet ali<lb></lb>quid ante ſe habere; inter hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus ipſe eſt: quare ſemper ante certam partem motus mobile prę<lb></lb>ceſsit, vt ante hodiernam conuerſionem præceſſerat heri mobile: quod non perſpiciens Grammaticus <lb></lb>exiſtimauit abſurdum mobile conuerſioni præire: & ex eo iudicium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> falſum tulit, ſi Peripateti<lb></lb>cè loquatur de reliquis motibus. </s> <s>Vt ſecundam oppoſitionem tolleret Auerroës plurib. digreſſus eſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4760"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Summa verò illorum quæ ab ipſo pronunciata ſunt, hæc eſt. </s> <s>diſtinguebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de poteſtate ad motum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>in duplici ſtrato collocabat, altero <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quod eſſet ſpecie diuerſum ab eo in quo reſidet actus <lb></lb>ille imperfectus quem motum dicimus, vt cùm ex aëre generatur ignis, quod quidem generationi & <lb></lb>lationi quæ eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="cõiter">coniter</expan> inhæret: <expan abbr="vtręq́ue">vtręque</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tranſmutationes fundantur ſubiecto quod <lb></lb>ſpecie diuerſum eſt, aut eſt poteſtas in ſubiecto quod eſt idem ad numerum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> eſt lationi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4761"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cæteris mutationib. quæ ſunt ad accidens, vt cùm ignis iam genitus eſt, & ſurſum moueri prohibetur: <lb></lb>illa prior potentia naturalis eſt & eſſentialis; poſterior <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex accidente, & violenta. </s> <s>quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> violenta <lb></lb>ſit & non naturalis, ita probat Auerroës; quoniam aliter ſequeretur, vt duo conſiſterent vnà quæ inter <lb></lb>ſe pugnarent, actus inquam, & poteſtas ad eandem rem: quandoquidem potentia naturalis per ſe ſe<lb></lb>parata eſt ab actu, & illi oppoſita: at altera poteſtas cum actu coniuncta eſt; quae ſi tibi fingas has <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe poteſtates; efficeretur, vt potentia naturalis, & actus ſimul eſſent, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore, quod fieri ne<lb></lb>quit; idcirco non eſt potentia naturalis, violens igitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cæterũ">Cæterum</expan> ſolutio hæc mihi videtur implicari qui<lb></lb>buſdam difficultatibus. </s> <s>Nam ſi potentia violenta foret in igni iam genito ad aſcenſum: ergo & aſcen<lb></lb>ſus igni violentus eſſet, & quies in loco ſuperiore foret violenta: quae ſi hoc eſt abſurdum: ergo & id ex <lb></lb>quo conſequitur: ſiquidem poteſtas actu & fine definitur: at finis eſt naturalis: & poteſtas igitur ad <lb></lb>illum naturalis ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>dicas tu nunc contra potentiam non eſſe naturalem; nec igitur finis: ali<lb></lb>ter non rectè poteſtas actu definiretur. </s> <s>Prætereà dictum eſt olim rem tantam aſſequi de ipſo vbi, quan<lb></lb>tum contrahit de forma: ſemper igitur ipſum vbi ſecundùm naturam formæ pro portione reſpondet: <lb></lb>ergo etiam motus hic per ſe cum actu coniunctus eſt: quòd ſi in eo poteſtas adhuc eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>naturalis; ſequetur poteſtatem & actum eſſe ſimul in eodem: id, quod ſi hîc abſurdum non eſt; neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4762"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>item in Auerrois hypotheſi fuerit abſurdum; aut ſemper erit potentia violenta, dum etiam generatur <lb></lb>ignis, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore mouetur, quam tamen ponunt omnes potentiam naturalem. </s> <s>Paulus Ven. ita <lb></lb>reſpondebat defendens; motum ignis ſurſum ſimpliciter eſſe naturalem, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> violentum, & poten<lb></lb>tiam cum forma ignis ipſius eſſe violentam, non naturalem: quia cum quiete ſimpliciter violenta con<lb></lb>iugatur: & hactenus probè. </s> <s>Notemus nunc ea quæ ſequuntur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> is probat huiuſmodi <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe violentam ex hoc: quia ſi talis non eſt; per vniuerſum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> perſeueraret cum forma ignis, ſicuti <lb></lb>perſeuerat per vniuerſum terræ motum poteſtas illi adnexa ad formam ignis: at non permanet; quia <lb></lb>ſimul ſunt aſcenſus, & forma ignis. </s> <s>ſimul igitur erunt potentia motus, & motus in actu in eodem, <expan abbr="con-trariaq́">con<lb></lb>trariaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimul erunt in eodem ſubiecto. </s> <s>Proptereà tribuit igni treis poteſtateis, quarum prima quidem <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>poteſtas ad aſcenſum quæ motu incipiente deſinit, poſterior ad terminos motus, & hæc <expan abbr="cõtinuè">continuè</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>motu conſeruatur: tertia eſt ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eius elementi ex quo mutatur; arbitror, quia niſi generatio com<lb></lb>pleatur; remanet terra, aut lignum, quemadmodum ante fuerat. </s> <s>Omnes hæ potentiæ priuant, ideò vio<lb></lb>lentæ ſunt: prima quidem priuat motu, ſecunda verò termino ad quem, poſtrema vim terræ affert; <lb></lb>quia per ipſam corrumpitur; ſed eam generari dicit, quia gignatur, tanquam ſubiectum. </s> <s>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod fit <lb></lb>ignis, eſt terra, & terra eſt fiens, ignis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod fit. </s> <s>At prima & ſecunda poteſtas, & ſi gradib. diſtinguun<lb></lb>tur; quia ſit hæc quidem propinquior, illa verò remotior: at non genere ſeparantur: quoniam motus <pb pagenum="817"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4763"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vniuerſus elementi iam geniti à repellente obicem adminiſtratur, vt etiam fit à generante, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> ab<lb></lb>ſoluta fuerit elementi ſubſtantia, & iam in ſuo loco verſetur. </s> <s>Sed non videtur, vt ſupra diximus, eiuſ<lb></lb>modi poteſtas eſſe violenta, niſi qua prohibeatur actu. </s> <s>Quare ſic violenta dicetur, quoniam ſit ex acci<lb></lb>dente. </s> <s>Quapropter obiectio certius hoc pacto diluetur: quia potentia duplex inſit in elemento, aut <lb></lb>mobili, vel ea quæ eſt forma, & actus primus appellatur, ad motum .ſ. </s> <s>qui eſt velut actus ſecundus mo<lb></lb>bilis, tametſi imperfectus; vel ea quæ eſt in materia ad formam, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtas prima nominatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Certè ſi priore modo potentia capiatur, hanc cum actu coniunctam eſſe nil vetat; ſed illam accipit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles, quæ prima eſt, in qua nondum forma ineſt; quare fundatur eo quod nondum conſiſtit, vt <expan abbr="aſcẽ-ſus">aſcen<lb></lb>ſus</expan> in igni eſt, vt in potentia ſecunda; at in oleo ex quo fit ignis; vt in potentia prima: & hæc actui præ<lb></lb>cedit. </s> <s>Cùm verò poſtremo loco inſtat Grammaticus, fore, vt omne id quod eſt in tali <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>, poſsit mo<lb></lb>ueri quemlibet motum ſecundùm naturam; & ſic etiam cibo tribui poſſe incrementum: dicimus item <lb></lb>gradus aliquos inter potentias primas intercedere; nec abſurdum eſſe motum quodammodo adſcri<lb></lb>bi potentiæ primæ quæ remota fuerit. </s> <s>Sed vt hoc facilè dabo, ſic remotiſsimę rationem haberi non ar<lb></lb>bitrabor: ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtas & actus eiuſdem generis elementa perhibentur, ſic quæ genere ſeparantur, <lb></lb>ratione poteſtatis & actus excluduntur. </s> <s>Ideò, ſiquis dixerit augeri panem: quia poſsit fieri caro, pec<lb></lb>cabit. </s> <s>Sed nos eam poteſtatem accipimus quæ inter primas extrema eſt, hęc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contrario fundatur, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4764"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſub eodem genere proximo continetur, quemadmodum prioribus libris affatim demonſtratum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4759"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4760"></margin.target>a 8 Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4761"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4762"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4763"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4764"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exploratur Ariſtotelis ratio quę ab instantis natura ducta eſt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IV.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OMNES ij qui mundum generari dicunt, quòd è nihilo nihil oriri poſſe cenſent, aut inordina<lb></lb>tum quendam motum ponunt, vt Plato, aut omni ſeminarium (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> video verti <foreign lang="grc">πανσπερμὶαν</foreign>) <lb></lb>velut Anaxagoras, aut medium quoddam infinitum, ſicut Anaximander, aut ſphærum, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum Empedocles, è quibus poſtea mundum ortum fuiſſe autumant: ſed vt in mundi initiis ſtatuen<lb></lb>dis varij ſunt, ita tempus extitiſſe <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> inter omnes: quòd ſi tempus eſt, aut ipſe motus, aut aliquid <lb></lb>eius, ſiue affectio, ſeu numerus; <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> etiam motum fuiſſe fateri illos oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eos poſuiſſe tem<lb></lb>pus, inde conſtat, quoniam verbis vtuntur eiuſmodi, quæ nobis repręſentent tempus, prius .ſ. </s> <s>& poſte<lb></lb>rius. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ante mundum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſtatuerint aliquid, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tempus anteceſſerit neceſſe eſt, & propte<lb></lb>reà motus. </s> <s>Sed cùm in iis laborare, quæ gratis dantur, omnino ſuperuacaneum ſit; certè ſi <expan abbr="Antiquorũ">Antiquorum</expan> <lb></lb>dictam diligenter obſeruentur, res facilè percipi poterit; quandò omnes Philoſophi vno Platone exce<lb></lb>ptò tempus ingenitum eſſe teſtantur: Plato contra tempus genitum ponit: inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimul cum cęlo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4765"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tempus extitiſſe: cùm verò cęlum ipſe faciat genitum, & tempus igitur, eius quidem ſententia, <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> <lb></lb>fuerit. </s> <s>Vnde Ariſtoteles à natura temporis & motum ſemper extitiſſe, & nunquam ceſſaturum eſſe <lb></lb>concludit. </s> <s>Nam præter auctoritatem qua tametſi de ortu diſcrimen eſt inter veteres philoſophos, at <lb></lb>de interitu nulla certè extat controuerſia. </s> <s>Cum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Plato mundum <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> interiturum exiſtimarit: <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ipſo tempus infinitè duraturum profiteri cogitur. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> concluditur ex eo, quòd <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſt mun<lb></lb>dum, vt ij dicunt, qui ipſum aliquando corruptum tri cenſent, velut Empedocles; erit ſphęrus, idcirco <lb></lb>& tempus: quapropter ab eo, quòd prius fuerit ante mundum; & hic, aut non interiturus, aut poſt ip<lb></lb>ſum aliquid. </s> <s>futurum; ita vt poſterius ſit; tempus item eſſe neceſſariò concluditur. </s> <s>Hæc eſt Ariſtotelica <lb></lb>ratio cui multum tribui video ab iis, qui tuentur partes Ariſtotelis: iure ne an iniuria mox apparebit: <lb></lb>quandoquidem hæc video probabiliter ad ipſam dici à Platonicis, adhibita diſtinctione terminorum <lb></lb>ante & poſt: poſitiuè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aut priuatiuè ſumuntur: ac ſi poſitiuè quidem accepta fuerint; tempus planè <lb></lb>ſignificare concedunt: priuatiuè autem ſumpta ſibi velle priuationem temporis: nec illud per hæc no<lb></lb>tari tempus antea non fuiſſe: quia fuerit tempus, in quo tempus, aut iis ſit, aut non ſit, ſed cępiſſe tem<lb></lb>pus & poſt non fore, id eſt, quia deſinet eſſe præſertim, quia tempus in tempore nemo eſſe dederis vno <lb></lb>excepto Philopono, qui diem in tempore generari fatetur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vidit ipſe diem ſic eſſe in tempore, <expan abbr="quẽ-admodum">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> pars in toto, non autem vt in menſura, quemadmodum ea volunt eſſe, quæ gignuntur: & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4766"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illa generatim, quæ in tempore eſſe perhibentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hæc aliter dici, àc cùm extra cęlum nihil eſſe <lb></lb>pronunciamus: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vox extra ſignificat ibi locum, ſed loci priuationem: quaſi dixeris, hic, quem <lb></lb>occupat cęlum, locus eſt, ab hoc nullus alius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideoq́">Ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>Ariſtotelem adſcripſiſſe poſteriorem rationem à <lb></lb>natura in tantis ipſius acceptam, quandò inſtans non poteſt eſſe terminus primus temporis incipientis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> extremus deſinentis; ſed quædam medietas eſt. </s> <s>quapropter duo tempora perpetuò ſignificat; quæ <lb></lb>circa ſunt, antecedens & præteritum, conſequens & futurum. </s> <s>etenim tempus eſt è genere <expan abbr="ſucceſsinorũ">ſucceſsinorum</expan>: <lb></lb>at eorum partes veræ quæ quantæ ſunt, nullæ ſubſiſtunt, ſed termini ſolùm, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi quidem in poten<lb></lb>tia: hi verò ſunt vnum ſubiecto, duo verò ratione, principium nimirùm conſequentis, & finis præce<lb></lb>dentis: rectè igitur continuitates ſunt & medietates. </s> <s>Attamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc facit fidem, quam demonſtra<lb></lb>tio præſtet: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aſſumptum eius eſt admodum perſpicuum. </s> <s>cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> temporis punctum non erit ter<lb></lb>minus temporis, ſicut lineæ? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat ſi dicas punctum habere poſituram & terminum eſſe rei per<lb></lb>manentis; ideò differre ab inſtanti, qui eſt terminus rei ſucceſsionem habentis, & caret poſitura: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>ego contrà accipiam motum, qui reponitur item in ſucceſsiuis, & tamen extat aliquis eius terminus, <lb></lb>vt forma, velut albedo, quæ terminus eſt albefactionis, & nigredo quæ eſt eius initium. </s> <s>Idcirco videns <lb></lb>hanc difficultatem Auerroës conferebat temporis punctum cum puncto, quod eſt in circulo, ſeu dice<lb></lb>re malimus, cum puncto vniente, non autem terminante: & cùm eo quod ſit poteſtate, non actu. </s> <s>At <pb pagenum="818"></pb>inquam ego, vnde'nam perſpicitur inſtans eſſe in tempore, veluti punctum vniens, & in potentia ſo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4767"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lum? </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi hoc de multis dari poteſt, non neceſſariò tamen vniuersè & perpetuò verùm eſt, <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> <lb></lb>enim ſemper ego, ſicuti puncta ſunt duorum generum, ſic fore inſtantia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> facit ad hoc, ſi dicamus <lb></lb>tempus eſſe aliquid motus in primo mobili, quorum termini ſint in potentia duntaxat; <expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & mo<lb></lb>tus & temporis initium fingi poteſt in cęlo, vt fecit Ariſtoteles 2. de cęlo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> illud mihi non placet <lb></lb>quod lego apud nonnullos, argumentum ſic concludi, quòd inſtans ſignificet tempus anterius, tùm <lb></lb>quia primum (de hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diſſeritur) non ad anteriora, ſed ad conſequentia refertur, tùm quia <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> hoc <lb></lb>ea valerent quæ nuper obiecimus, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quia repetetetur eadem ratio fruſtra. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtabit, <lb></lb>quominus puncta in magnitudine actu fieri poſsint. </s> <s>quamobrem tametſi vnientia ſint, attamen quia <lb></lb>ſunt potentia termini, ad actum <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> deducantur; quia <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omnia puncta actu fieri poſſunt, vt <lb></lb>in cęlo, ſic robur ſuum inſtantia noſtra ſeruabit. </s> <s>Simplicius etiam conatus eſt tueri hoc pacto Ariſtote<lb></lb>lem, niſi fallor, vt accipiatur mobile, antequàm motus incipiat: hoc autem tempore contineri, cùm ha<lb></lb>beat facultatem ad motum priuſquàm moueatur. </s> <s>quare etiam ibi quod prius eſt, tempore antecedat <lb></lb>oportet; quod ſanè conſtat ex ſignificatis prioris: quandò vel eſſet prius natura, ideſt, perfectione, vel <lb></lb>poſitura, vel tempore, & origine: non poteſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perfectione prius eſſe; quia poteſtas cum actu collata <lb></lb>ſimpliciter ipſo imperfectior eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item poſitura. </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc affinitatis habet cum tempore, aut mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4768"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tu? </s> <s>ſupereſt igitur, vt ſit tempore prius. </s> <s>Animaduertenti verò mihi robur huiuſce probationis, vtique <lb></lb>etiam ſuccurrit aliquid contra Simplicium. </s> <s>dicam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud ante quod tribuitur mobili, priuatiuè ſu<lb></lb>mi poſſe; non autem poſitiuè, ſicuti cùm dicitur extra cęlum nihil eſſe: quamobrem rediremus ad ea<lb></lb>dem; nempe quòd extiterit mobile, quando tempus non erat. </s> <s>Adde etiam, quòd hæc ratio reſoluere<lb></lb>tur in præcedentem, quę .ſ. à mobilis natura deducta eſt. </s> <s>Vtinam nihil in diſciplina Peripatetica nobis <lb></lb>ſubueniat, quo muniri poſsit hoc theorema: nam minus virium nobis expugnandum pro pietate ſu<lb></lb>pereſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quandoquidẽ">Quandoquidem</expan> videantur huc ea pertinere, quæ longè prius 6. Phyſ. concluſerat Philoſophus: <lb></lb>nimirùm nunc non poſſe poni, niſi communem terminem temporis: & idcirco rectè dici medietatem <lb></lb>& rationem <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> termini, præteriti ſcilicet, & futuri in illo ineſſe, ſicuti concauum & connexum in <lb></lb>linea. </s> <s>Cæterùm videamus, quemadmodum probet propoſitum. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur primò ſic. </s> <s>Si non eſt vnus <lb></lb>communis vtriusque terminus, erunt duo inter ſe diſtincta, vnum quidem præteriri, alterum verò fu<lb></lb>turi: ſed cùm ipſa ſint indiuidua, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam proxima eſſe non poſsint. </s> <s>aderit igitur medium; <lb></lb>hoc verò tempus eſt: quoniam inter parteis vnius continui medium ſemper intercedit, quod eſt gene<lb></lb>ris eiuſdem, vt inter lineas linea, & inter plana planum: at cùm hoc tempus non ſit, nec præteritum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> futurum: inter illam eſt: erit igitur inſtans, quod <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> temporis partem copulabit. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>tempus intercedens erit diuiduum: partietur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in præteritum & futurum: ſi igitur inſtans illud eſt in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4769"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præterito, cùm ſit finis ipſius, aliquid ergo futuri in præterito ſubſiſtet: <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione, cùm ſit futuri <lb></lb>principium, præteriti quippiam in futuro manebit. </s> <s>Rurſus non eſſet per ſe terminus, ſed per aliquid <lb></lb>ſui, & per vnam partem præteriti, per alteram verò futuri: at cuiusque continui terminus quidam per <lb></lb>ſe eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem proprius, vt ſuperficiei linea; lineæ punctum: quapropter indiuiduus. </s> <s>Accedit <lb></lb>eòdem, quae ſi inſtans ex præterito & futuro. </s> <s>conſtaret, idem in vniuerſa ſua duratione non eſſet; quia prę<lb></lb>teritum non poteſt eſſe futurum, ſed tamen idem eſt in toto tempore, vt poſteà dicemus, indiuiduum <lb></lb>igitur cùm ſit, terminat <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> temporis partem communiter. </s> <s>Hæ ſunt Ariſtotelicæ probationes. </s> <s>At <lb></lb>verò ſi diligentius ſpectes, apparet in iis accipi id quod nos in dubium hoc tempore vertimus: accipi<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tempus ante inſtans ipſum; id verò nos in præſentia negamus. </s> <s>Quamobrem vide obſecro, an hu<lb></lb>ius argumenti vis eo conſiſtat, vt ex hoc, quòd inſtantia quæ innumera à nobis, adhuc obſeruari po<lb></lb>tuerunt, tanquam medietates, nullum <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> extremum, etiam perſuadeant omnia eſſe huiuſmodi: ita <lb></lb>vt, quod plurimis euenire conſpiciatur, id tanquam neceſſarium putetur: ad quod ita dicendum erit, <lb></lb>quemadmodum ad alterum illud <expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan>. </s> <s>Ex nihilo nihil fieri, quod item ex eo <expan abbr="ductũ">ductum</expan> eſt quod <lb></lb>ſingulis accidere perſpicimus, & ob id perpetuum fuiſſe iudicamus. </s> <s>quare, cum hęc principia ſint, non <lb></lb>aliter ad argumentationes oppoſitas reſpondere licebit, quàm per inficiationem. </s> <s>An etiam huius argu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4770"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menti robur nititur etymo & notatione eius vocis [inſtans] duplex <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nomen obtinuerunt termini <expan abbr="tẽ-poris">tem<lb></lb>poris</expan>: nunc & inſtans: at verò inſtare aut inſtitiſſe ſemper aliquid antecedens denuntiat, quod termi<lb></lb>netur, aut in termino ſit. </s> <s>Et ſic etiam dubitari poterit, an de omni nunc inſtans eo pacto prædicari va<lb></lb>leat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id cum eo quod primum accipitur, non congruet. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eò puto rationem hanc poſſe <lb></lb>diſſolui, vt quod inſtantis initium, (eſt verò mobile primum, quod vniforme eſt, & rotundum, & ſuper <lb></lb>ſpatio rotundo fertur, & conſimiliter vniformi) nullam habeat ſpeciem termini, aut initij, tempori ta<lb></lb>lem afferat continuationem. </s> <s>nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> adhuc de figura mobilis primi tractatum ſupponitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> demon<lb></lb>ſtrationum Ariſtotelicarum ordo peruertendus eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam verò poſsis anceps eſſe: nam ex hoc vi<lb></lb>deatur fortaſſe <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> cępiſſe tempus: at quomodo concludetur ab etymo ipſum nunquam <expan abbr="ceſſaturũ">ceſſaturum</expan>? <lb></lb></s> <s>An id non ex vi vocis noteſcit, ſed ex conceſsione; nemo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fuit <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> qui tempus aſſeueraret iri corru<lb></lb>ptum; quapropter ab iis qui talem naturam inſtantis agnoſcunt, iure optimo creditum eſt inſtans eſſe <lb></lb>medietatem, & <foreign lang="grc">συνέκειαν</foreign>, ideſt, continuitatem. </s> <s>Num etiam valebunt eædem rationes ex 6. Phyſ. ad <lb></lb>oſtendendum tempus <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ceſſaturum? </s> <s>Non me latet etiam Philoponum exploraſſe diligenter re<lb></lb>liquas illas rationes; ſed pro Peripatetica doctrina non acriter admodùm: accipit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe notitiam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>Dei, tum Angelorum per alia pertinere quæ ſint extra ipſos; quae ſi maneremus in ea ſententia quam ex <lb></lb>Ariſtotele profitemur; <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> nil valerent apud nos: credimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſtotelem denegaſſe Deo notitiam <pb pagenum="819"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4771"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rerum quæ ſunt extra ipſum; aut ſi quo pacto illorum cognitio Deo tribuatur: ea quidem non eſt in<lb></lb>diuidui, & eſto, quòd ſit, non idcirco efficietur, vt in tempore obeatur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ego ſum eius opinio<lb></lb>nis quam profeſſus eſt aliquando Simplicius, vt omnis cognitio quæ non fit <foreign lang="grc">ἀμεταβάτως</foreign>. </s> <s>hoc eſt, ab <lb></lb>vnius notitia terminata ad conſimilem notitiam alterius, <foreign lang="grc">διάνοια</foreign> verò propriè nuncupatur, in tempore <lb></lb>fiat, vt cùm à principiis ad concluſum deuenimus. </s> <s>ſiquidem ſingulæ fiant in inſtanti, è plurib. verò in<lb></lb>ſtantib. non fiat tempus: niſi intellexerit auctor ille interuenire tempus inter inſtantia, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> principia, <lb></lb>& concluſum à mente <expan abbr="comprehẽduntur">comprehenduntur</expan>, pręſertim, quae in eo munere functiones facultatum <expan abbr="ſentientiũ">ſentientium</expan>, <lb></lb>aut omnino arganicarum ſociæ ſint, quarum ſanè aliquas fieri cum tempore, quanuis inſenſili, vix au<lb></lb>deo negare. </s> <s>Sed hæc alterius officij, niſi quae occaſio præbetur enucleandi conditionem illam mutatio<lb></lb>num, quo ad reſpiciunt inſtantia, & tempus. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuprà conſtitutum fuerit inter duo inſtantia cade<lb></lb>re tempus, nuper <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod fit in duob. </s> <s>inſtantib. tempori non eſſe ſubiectum, quæ contradicentia vi<lb></lb>deri poſſent; ſpectandum tempus vel ſimpliciter per ſe ipſum; vel vt applicatur ad res, ac ſimpliciter <lb></lb>quidem inter duo inſtantia comprehenditur tempus: vbi verò reb. aptatur, conſiderandum ſi termi<lb></lb>ni ſolùm fuerint, & tunc tempore excluduntur, vt de notionib. modo ſtatuimus; quae ſi termini compa<lb></lb>rentur per actum illum imperfectum qui verè motus eſt; aſſero etiam ſi termini per ſe ſint in inſtanti, <lb></lb>& multi in diuerſis inſtantib. nihilominus eos eſſe obnoxios tempori. </s> <s>ſic generationem in tempore fie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4772"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ri decreuimus olim, licèt multa genita ſint in inſtanti.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4765"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4766"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4767"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4768"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4769"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4770"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4771"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4772"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Probatur motum nunquam ceſſaturum à natura motus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VALET etiam apud Peripateticos argumentum à natura motus ad oſtendendum, vt quemad<lb></lb>modum motus initio caruit, ſic neque finem poſthac habiturus ſit: quare ſicut in ipſo motu duo <lb></lb>ſumebantur ad concludendum motum non habere principium & ſubiectum, & actus ipſe motus; ſic <lb></lb>etiam commodè transferri poſſunt ad efficiendum motum poſthac perpetuò permanſurum. </s> <s>Nam ſi<lb></lb>cuti mobile motui præcedit; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> remanet ipſi ſuperſtes: ita vt ſimul ceſſet actus ille imperfectus <lb></lb>quem motum nuncupamus, & quies ſuccedat; quin & adſit id quod olim mouebatur, nec amplius po<lb></lb>ſtea mouetur: etenim remanet id quod factum eſt, ſiue ſubſtantia ſit, ſiue accidens in ſubiecto: nam <lb></lb>quilibet motus per ſe terminatur aliqua forma, & eo quod eſt, vt interitus etiam terminetur eo quod <lb></lb>non eſt, quod tamen cum aliqua forma coniunctum ſit. </s> <s>Ideò ſic argumentari licebit deducendo ad<lb></lb>uerſarium ad id quod fieri nequeat. </s> <s>Si ceſſaret motus; foret ergo motus extremo poſterior, quod ne co<lb></lb>gitatio quidem capit, ne dum rerum natura patiatur. </s> <s>Nani ſicuti dictum eſt ſuprà, ſi fieret motus, ita <lb></lb>vt nullus vnquàm præceſsiſſet; eſſet alius motus illo prior, & ſic primo quippiam antecederet; ſic ſi ceſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4773"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſaret motus; ſuccederet alius motus neceſſariò qui poſtremum ſequeretur. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus ſubiectum ſi<lb></lb>mul cum motu non intereat, nec vnà ceſſent poteſtas & actus ad motum tam in eo in quo eſt, vt ſub<lb></lb>iecto, quàm in efficiente: remanet ergo mobile quod eſt in potentia: ſiquidem aut interit, aut non; ac <lb></lb>ſi intereat; iam ſuccedet interitus; ſi minus. </s> <s>at cur iterum non fit motus? </s> <s>habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facultatem mouendi <lb></lb>ipſum efficiens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item mobile ſubiectum eſt: erit ergo motus. </s> <s>Nam dicere id quod habet faculta<lb></lb>tem mouendi non moturum, figmenti potius, quàm veri ſimile eſt. </s> <s>prætereà ſi corrumpitur efficiens, <lb></lb>ab alio neceſſe eſt corrumpatur: nil eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod ſeipſum corrumpat, niſi per accidens, & ſolus ignis in<lb></lb>ter res naturales: atqui reliqua omnia corrumpuntur ab alio. </s> <s>de hoc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæritur. </s> <s>Nam ſi non corrum<lb></lb>pitur id quod olim mouebat, cur non mouet rurſus? </s> <s>quae ſi corrumpitur: ergo corruptio iam ſuccedet: <lb></lb><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſolum corrumpetur efficiens; ſed id ipſum quod corrumpit, aut manebit retinens corrumpendi <lb></lb>facultatem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen corrumpet, aut idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> interibit. </s> <s>quòd ſi illud interire fatearis, opponam <lb></lb>id euenire per corruptionem: quare motus poſtremò ſuccedet alia mutatio, & ſic in infinitum. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>primum illud omnino abſurdum: ſiquidem oporteat; vbi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> habens <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> efficiendi aliquid, <lb></lb>non efficiat, reddere cauſſam ob quam non operetur, ſiue impedimentum, ſiue aliud quid, vt cauſſas <lb></lb>mouentes; at ſi detur hoc poſtremum; iam ſuccedet mutatio mutationi. </s> <s>Exemplum verò à combuſti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4774"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>li deductum maiorem in <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> nobis aperit propoſitum. </s> <s>Nam ſi ea quæ corrumpuntur, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> inte<lb></lb>rierunt, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliquid à ſe relinquunt, vt reliquias & redundantias; multò magis id eueniet in ea quæ per <lb></lb>alios motus afficiuntur. </s> <s>Hęc ab Ariſtotele pronunciantur quæ item in eius diſciplina non carent diffi<lb></lb>cultatib. quibus purganda ſint, ſi vim <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ concluſa ſunt, aſſequi, & Petipateticos agere velimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolent opponi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Primũ">Primum</expan> quòd aſſumpſit Ariſt. </s> <s>non ſimul ceſſare <expan abbr="combuſtionẽ">combuſtionem</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõbuſtile">combuſtile</expan>, ſeu <expan abbr="ha-bilitatẽ">ha<lb></lb>bilitatem</expan> ad id, vt <expan abbr="cõburatur">comburatur</expan>. </s> <s>At contrà <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> vbi <expan abbr="cõbuſtio">combuſtio</expan> <expan abbr="cõpleta">completa</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="cõbuſtile">combuſtile</expan> non eſt amplius, vt <expan abbr="li-gnũ">li<lb></lb>gnum</expan>. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="corrũpitur">corrumpitur</expan> ignis, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eo <expan abbr="corrũpitur">corrumpitur</expan> eius motus. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> multa ſunt quæ amittunt ſimul <lb></lb>nomen & definitionem amiſſo motu. </s> <s>Verbigratia cor, ceſſante motu non eſt amplius cor, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>mo<lb></lb>do arteria. </s> <s>Inſuper inſtabant quidam è Latinis interpretib. notantes hypotheſin Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>accipit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ipſe, ceſſare corruptionem accidentis, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> id quod corrumpi poteſt, intereat, aiunt igitur: ſuperſtes <lb></lb>erit ſubſtantia naturalis ſine ſenſili qualitate, vt ſi fingatur ceſſare corruptionem omnium <expan abbr="accidentiũ">accidentium</expan> <lb></lb>quæ in aliquo inſunt indiuiduo. </s> <s>Adde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>; quia nil ſupererit eo, quòd ſic affectum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> amplius erit indiui<lb></lb>duum. </s> <s>indiuiduis verò extinctis reliqua omnia intereant neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Hiat item vndique ratiocinatio <lb></lb>philoſophi: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſe ſuprà probaturus motui præcedere motum voluit <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ fiunt, initium habe<lb></lb>re à motu, rurſus cùm poſtea concluſurus eſſet motum motui ſucceſſurum, aſſumpſit item omnia cor<lb></lb>rumpi per motum. </s> <s>Atqui multa ſunt quæ in hanc lucem ſine motu prodeunt, <expan abbr="pariq́">parique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione non de <pb pagenum="820"></pb>ſinunt eſſe per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> omnia illa quæ temporis puncto fiunt, & ſui <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> pręſentia ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4775"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>abſentia verò non ſunt, veluti lumen, & tenebræ in perſpicuo. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd accipit Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>omne id quod corrumpitur, ab alio corrumpi; at non'ne animalia cauſſam interitus habent internam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſtremò infinito nihil addi poteſt; ſed ſi mundus ortus non fuerit, nec vnquam deſiturus ſit, ita vt <expan abbr="tẽ-pus">tem<lb></lb>pus</expan> eius durationis non finiatur, nec olim tempus eius interitus inſtet; profectò maius erit aliquid infi<lb></lb>nito; quod cum reputetur abſurdum: facit, quominus Ariſtotelico paralogiſmo fides habenda ſit. </s> <s>Mihi <lb></lb>tamen rationes iſtæ nullius eſſe ponderis in hac philoſophia videntur. </s> <s>quia verò cum Auerroe <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <lb></lb>putant argumenta Ariſtotelis habere vim in latione tantùm; inficiando multa ex his reſoluunt; ſi verò <lb></lb>ita ſit; exempla ab ipſo Ariſtotele propoſita non facient ad rem: proptereà nobis alia via tenenda eſt, <lb></lb>Idcircò quantum attinet ad illud primum: conſuerunt afferri plura, primum quòd metalla intelligen<lb></lb>da ſint, quæ tametſi vruntur, poſtquàm ab igni remota fuerint, adhuc ſuperſunt. </s> <s>At mihi non admo<lb></lb>dùm placet ad metalla transferri verbum illud <foreign lang="grc">καίεσθαι</foreign>; ſiquidem <expan abbr="cõbuſtilium">combuſtilium</expan> tres conditiones eſſe <lb></lb>ſoleant; vt ſint poroſa, <expan abbr="plenaq́">plenaque</expan>. </s> <s>humoris, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius quidem aërei, & tenacis, metalla verò plena ſunt <lb></lb>humoris aquei, & carent poris, niſi <foreign lang="grc">καίεσθαι</foreign> latius acciperetur afflari ab igni, & ab eo quomodocun<lb></lb>que affici, quod cùm animaduertiſſet Simplicius, protulit ſecundam ſolutionem; quia ſcilicet, dum cor<lb></lb>rumpitur ignis, mutatur in aliud elementum, quod <expan abbr="cõburi">comburi</expan> poteſt, ſi non proximè, at intercedentibus <lb></lb>nonnullis mutationibus. </s> <s>Sed poterat etiam dicere Ariſtoteles, ſupereſſe aliud corpus, vtputa aliud ele<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4776"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mentum ſimpliciter, neglecta habilitate combuſtionis; præſertim quòd obſcurum foret adhuc 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>& probandum in libris ſubſequentib. vtrùm elementa inter ſe <expan abbr="cõmutentur">commutentur</expan>, an ſit proceſſus in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb></lb>inter ea quæ mutantur: nimis ergo frigida mihi videtur hæc interpretatio. </s> <s>Aut igitur dicemus <foreign lang="grc">τὸ καυ<lb></lb>στὸν</foreign> eſſe reliquias, quæ à <expan abbr="cõbuſtione">combuſtione</expan> ſuperſunt, actu ſub nomine poteſtatis expreſſo, vt fieri conſueuit <lb></lb>in vocib. quæ deducuntur à verbo cum figura patiendi; ſic ſenſile <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illud dicitur, quod mouit ſenſum; <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τὸ καυστὸν</foreign> accipiendum eſt pro materia, quæ olim appellata fuit <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον</foreign>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ ſupereſt à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4777"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõbuſtione">combuſtione</expan>; quandoquidem ſubſiſtit ignis in materia ſicca, quæ tamen aërea humiditate affecta ſit, & <lb></lb>nihil deterit de ſubſtantia; ſed manens in materia ſicca per aëream <expan abbr="humiditatẽ">humiditatem</expan> exhaurit hanc, & ſecum <lb></lb>collabitur. </s> <s>Dicimus item ad alterum, tametſi corrumpitur ignis, & eius motus; non idcirco motum pe<lb></lb>rimi generatim; quòd reſtet aliud corpus, cuius etiam motus quidam ſit proprius. </s> <s>At illud optimè Sim<lb></lb>plicius è medio tollit, quod obiectum fuit de corde & arteria: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi motus interimatur; & mate<lb></lb>ria cordis & arteriæ depereat, nihilominus non ſic interit, vt id, quod fuerat antea cor, aut arteria, pror<lb></lb>ſus habeant in nihilum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in cadauer primùm, & in elementa ad extremum reſoluuntur. </s> <s>Ad id ve<lb></lb>rò, quod Latini opponebant, fore .ſ. </s> <s>vt ſubſtantia naturalis ſine ſenſili qualitate ſubſiſteret, nos ea ſer<lb></lb>uantes quæ ab initio libri profeſsi ſumus, tractari nimirùm <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> generatim, dicemus id ſequi, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4778"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opponunt; niſi ex vnius accidentis interitu fieret, vt alterum illi oppoſitum in eius locum reponere<lb></lb>tur: ſed quoniam albo corrupto ſubit nigrum, & ſic cæteris corruptis alia noua ſuccedunt, proptereà <lb></lb>nunquàm remanet ſubſtantia omni accidente ſimpliciter nuda: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ideò ſemper id, quod mutatur, eſt <lb></lb>indiuiduum. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> defendamus has rationes comprehendere motum generaliter, dicimus falsò il<lb></lb>lud aſſumi, multa eſſe, quæ ſine aliquo motu oriantur & intereant: interuenit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliqua mutatio & mo<lb></lb>tus quidam, vel per ſe, qui fit in vno è quattuor prædicamentis, & hactenus à nobis explicatus eſt, vel <lb></lb>etiam per accidens, vt in habitudine. </s> <s>Interit autem animal ex interno principio; quemadmodum ignis <lb></lb>per accidens, eo quòd viuens eſt, per calorem qui dupliciter interit, aut <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> extinguitur à contrariò <lb></lb>aut ex inopia alimenti. </s> <s>Et quando obiicitur poſtremò loco, <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> ſtatuamus ipſum duplex, aut actu, <lb></lb>aut poteſtate <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi quod actu eſt, nullam acceſsionem fieri concedamus; at ei quod eſt poteſtate; ta<lb></lb>le <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt tempus & motus, acceſsionem fieri non poſſe negabit Ariſt. </s> <s>Hæc tamen omnia ſimpliciter fal<lb></lb>ſa ſunt, & cum aliqua conditione concluduntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> accipiunt: ſi mundus produci debuit, ipſum <lb></lb>fuiſſe productum per motum, & eo modo, quo nunc res ipſę producuntur. </s> <s>At <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per motum produ<lb></lb>ctus eſt; neque eius productioni tempus anteceſsit, ſed ęuum in ipſo Deo; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fuit mutatio ex hoc in <lb></lb>aliud; ſed ex eo, quod non eſſet ſimpliciter in id, quod ſimpliciter eſſet, quam Peripatetici non approba<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4779"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>runt: ideò materiam, motum, ſeu mutationem perpetuò præceſsiſſe aſſeuerant. </s> <s>at certè nihil hæc ad id, <lb></lb>quòd creatus non ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per mutationem ab eo quod non eſt ſimpliciter, in id quod ſimpliciter eſt: <lb></lb>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> confutare oportebat, quod cùm ex illo oriretur, quòd ex nihilo fieret nihil; eo negato corruit vni<lb></lb>uerſa moles argumentorum ſuperiorum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4773"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4774"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4775"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4776"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4777"></margin.target>a 1. Phſy.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4778"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4779"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Errores veterum, qui mundum cœpiſſe volebant, deteguntur, & eorundem dicta quædam <lb></lb>refutantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM hæc conſtituta ſint; detegi poterunt eorum fallaciæ qui mundum cœpiſſe defendebant, vt <lb></lb>Empedocles, Anaxagoras, & Democritus. </s> <s>ille <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> certis quibuſdam ſpatiis modò mundum è ſphę<lb></lb>ro per <expan abbr="litẽ">litem</expan> diſsipantem, aliàs è mundo per <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> confuſionem opera cogentis amicitiæ ſphęrum <lb></lb>conſtitui dicebat, <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> innumeris vicibus effici, naturam ſic facere opinatus, quemadmodum nos ipſi <lb></lb>quos concordia cogit; diſcordia verò diſpergit. </s> <s>interrogatus autem, cur ita eueniret, nil aliud reſpon<lb></lb>debat, quàm quae ita <foreign lang="grc">πέφυκεν</foreign>, hoc eſt, natura comparatum eſt. </s> <s>Anaxagoras <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & Democritus infinito <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> mundum anteà non extitiſſe profitebantur; licèt in eo diſcreparent, quae ſtatuit Anaxagoras om<lb></lb>ni ſeminarium, veluti <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, in quo <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> repugnantiæ permanerent, & <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> quæ foret cauſſa confi <pb pagenum="821"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4780"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciens, illi præſidentem, ex <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> contrariorum partes <expan abbr="educentẽ">educentem</expan> poſteà producere elementa, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> quæ perpetuò conſeruarentur. </s> <s>Democritus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quia crediderit atomos per inane curſibus in<lb></lb>certis agitari, poſteà forte fortuna mutuo <expan abbr="cõplexu">complexu</expan> cohęrentes <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> compegiſſe. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquis eiuſ<lb></lb>modi progreſſus <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> requireret; Anaxagoras <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſicut Empedocles ita dicebat, <foreign lang="grc">ὁτι πέφυκεν</foreign>. </s> <s>Demo<lb></lb>critus verò, cùm hæc æternitati ſubiiceret, <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> nullam reddi poſſe cenſebat. </s> <s>At illi qui mundum <expan abbr="ge-nitũ">ge<lb></lb>nitum</expan> ponunt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> infinito tempore materia quieuiſſet, & potiſsimè Empedocles qui viciſsim certis pe<lb></lb>riodis, <expan abbr="æqualibuſq́">æqualibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>temporibus exiſtere <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> putabat; <expan abbr="aſſerũt">aſſerunt</expan> certè <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, quod mirum in <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> <lb></lb>vim naturæ oppugnat. </s> <s>Etenim natura ſignificat <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> rerum, & nexum cauſſarum per <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ex hoc fit <lb></lb>hoc, & hoc nunc fit, aliàs illud. </s> <s>At ſi infinitum tempus ortui mundi præceſsiſſe fingamus, <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ordo per<lb></lb>uertitur; igitur & natura. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi eſt ordo, ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ineſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> & proportio: atqui infinitum <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <lb></lb>rationem habere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad aliud infinitum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad finitum; quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>. </s> <s>quanuis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duo in<lb></lb>finita ſint æqualia, ſaltem priuatiuè; quia neutrum maius, aut minus eſt: at vbi viciſsim ſibi ſucceſſura <lb></lb>ſunt; ratio nulla dari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nulla ratio finitatis adeſt quæ ſanè ad proportionem creandam requiritur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà quietem faciunt <expan abbr="infinitã">infinitam</expan> prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ortus fuerit mundus: atqui cur potius nunc, quàm multò <lb></lb>tempore antè cœpit eſſe? </s> <s>Certè etiam huius euenti <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> reddere oportebat: ita etiam cur æquales <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> circuitus in eius productione intercedant, quæ tamen <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ipſi prætermittunt. </s> <s>Neque ita dicere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4781"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>licèt indefinitè, ac temere <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="exortũ">exortum</expan>, nec interfuiſſe, cur nunc, aut olim, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poſthàc in il<lb></lb>la infinitate genitus ſit: cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> congruat hoc cum officio naturę quod eſt ſemper vniforme, velut in mo<lb></lb>tu cęli, & <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> viciſsitudine perſpicitur, aut ſiqua mutatio ſubeſt, cauſſa <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> varietatis apparet, <lb></lb>veluti pręſentia, & abſentia ſolis cauſſa, cur anni <expan abbr="tẽpeſtates">tempeſtates</expan> immutentur. </s> <s>Nam, mea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſententia, <lb></lb>multò magis conuenit hoc <expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan>, quàm id quod attulit Vicomercatus, monſtra .ſ. </s> <s>& ſiquæ ſunt alia <lb></lb>quæ fortuitò fiant, vt quae hyems ſit conſueto tepidior, credens <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> huiuſce varietatis <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> poſſe reddi; <lb></lb>cùm cęteroqui monſtra non pertineant ad <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & fortuita cauſſas habeant infinitas, & <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> la<lb></lb>tentes, & ſic <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> cauſſa poſſet aſsignari quę fiunt per accidens: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> illorum ſcientia foret: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi <lb></lb>flatus auſtrinus efficit in hyeme <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> præſtat <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> flatus ille: at eius rei ſcientia non eſt, <lb></lb>nec cauſſa certa, niſi vniuersè, ſed quae hoc <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> id faciat; hoc <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> incertum & fortuitum eſt, nec ſciri <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Ideò probo magis expoſitionem Simplicij <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> item Auerrois placuiſſe intelligo. </s> <s>Aliis item modis <lb></lb>confutari veteres queunt, & generatim <expan abbr="ſpeciatimq́">ſpeciatimque</expan>. </s> <s>reprehendi. </s> <s>Nam poterat Anaxagoras eo nomine <lb></lb>notari, quae quemadmodum voluiſſet <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> eſſe motus effectricem; debuiſſet item eandem <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> facere <lb></lb>quietis. </s> <s>Generatim verò, quoniam quies eſt priuatio motus; ergo & ipſo poſterior: at illi <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> mo<lb></lb>tu priorem ſtatuunt. </s> <s>Sed ij quantum iudicio Ariſt. </s> <s>aberrant qui infinito tempore ante mundum non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4782"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>extitiſſe fingunt? </s> <s>quandò minor hic eſt ordo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi certis periodis ire mundum, <expan abbr="redireq́">redireque</expan>. </s> <s>ponamus: quan<lb></lb>quàm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ſatisfacit tam graui quæſtioni: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> optare oportet, aut <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> legiſlatores iubere quod <lb></lb>velis, ſed vel admonere, inductione, vel demonſtratione confirmare: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc demonſtrari poſſunt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> principia <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, aut eſſentiæ, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> cauſſæ nullæ ſint, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſine demonſtratione ſumuntur, & vſur<lb></lb>pantur ad alia demonſtranda, ſed illorum cauſſas afferre licèt. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> lis eſt, mundum gignat, ami<lb></lb>citiamúe corrumpat, <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſſentia non eſt, ſed opus cuius aliqua cauſſa reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſufficiebat illa <lb></lb>admonitio deſumpta ab humano conſilio: quandò eſto, quae id quod <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> eſt, verum ſit: at quòd <lb></lb>certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> interuallis amicitia coniungantur, diſtribuantur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diſcordia; perſuaderi non poteſt: <lb></lb>quare <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> varietatis illius cauſſa fuerat perquirenda. </s> <s>Nec minus abſurdum eſt reputare æterna omnia <lb></lb>cauſſa vacare; cùm etiam in æternis ſit ordo, & nexus <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>, & effectorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> concluſiones habent <lb></lb>cauſſas, principia nimirùm, ex quibus colliguntur quæ tamen <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> perpetua ſint oportet, ſi <expan abbr="ſciẽtiam">ſcientiam</expan> <lb></lb>partura ſunt. </s> <s>Rationes autem, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aduerſarij motum cœpiſſe probabant, facilè dilui poſſunt. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>quod dicitur, Omnem motum inter contraria finitum eſſe: omnem verò eſſe inter contraria: damus <lb></lb>cum Ariſt. </s> <s>argumentum. </s> <s>quin vim illius amplificat idem philoſophus. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perſpicuum eſt omnem <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> inter contraria eſſe finitum, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi in infinitum producatur, nihilominus ſit finitus; quoniam <lb></lb>motus eſt inter contraria quæ afferunt interitum <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic ſanè finitus eſt, vt nullo modo cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4783"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>altero oppoſito <expan abbr="cõtinuari">continuari</expan> valeat, & duci in infinitum, vel eſt ſolùm cum interitu terminorum, cui nihil <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> repugnat infinitas; eſt verò <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> huic ſoli <expan abbr="cõpetit">competit</expan> terminis contineri finitis, & protrahi <lb></lb>poſſe in infinitum. </s> <s>Quapropter inchoata eſt hæc ratio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conuincit propoſitum; nempè <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> eſſe poſſe <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> ex eo, quae inter <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> procedat. </s> <s>ineſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vitium in ea <expan abbr="cõſecutione">conſecutione</expan>. </s> <s>Sed id melius <lb></lb>patebit, quà de conuerſione ſigillatim diſſeremus. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de ſecunda ratione. </s> <s>Cùm oppo<lb></lb>nebant motum <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan> qui non eſt perpetuus; etiam dicimus ex hoc argumento nihil abſurdi infer<lb></lb>ri: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abſurdum eſt <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> moueri quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> anteà mouerentur: proptereaque ad id vt aliquid mo<lb></lb>ueatur, opus eſt præſentia mouentis, & abſentia <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> impedimenti. </s> <s>Cùm igitur & mouens abeſſe, <lb></lb>& aliquid impedimenti contingat intercedere, non erit motus, quia verò tolli poteſt impedimentum, <lb></lb>& adeſſe mouens; erit poſteà motus qui quidem anteà non fuit. </s> <s>& cùm mouens accedat; obex inter<lb></lb>uentu cuiuſpiam mutationis arceatur; motum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motui præcedere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tamen hoc conceſſo <lb></lb>dabitur id quod olim reuocatum fuit in dubium .ſ. </s> <s>ſi præſtò ſit mouens, & <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> impediens intercedat; <lb></lb>non fore motum, quemadmodum ij dicant neceſſe eſt, qui <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> nuper genitum, & cum eo motum <lb></lb>extitiſſe arbitrantur. </s> <s>Et illud quod diximus, cur aliquid <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> moueatur, interdum verò quieſcat, <lb></lb>paullò poſt explanabitur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hic erit titulus noſtræ quæſtionis. </s> <s>Alterum verò illud cum ratione, <lb></lb><expan abbr="probabilitateq́">probabilitateque</expan>. </s> <s>careat, prorſus quæſtione <expan abbr="dignũ">dignum</expan> non eſt. </s> <s>Nec ob id natura tolleretur hac efficientium, <pb pagenum="822"></pb><expan abbr="effectuumq́">effectuumque</expan>. </s> <s>infinitate poſita, quòd infinitum non <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> euertit naturam, ſed vbi cauſſæ per ſe ordinatæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4784"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerint infinitæ, per accidens infinitas eſſe non inconuenit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id naturam peruertit. </s> <s>Cęterùm & hîc <lb></lb>progreſſus ſuper lubrico fundamento extructus eſt: quando & mouens & mobile <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> mutationi pręce<lb></lb>dere ponuntur; cùm motui naturali ſolùm conueniat, creationem verò non attingat. </s> <s>in hac <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſat eſt <lb></lb>ſi ſolùm mouens antecedat: ſiquidem creans eodem temporis puncto mobile producit, & cum ipſo <lb></lb>motum & tempus: ac ſiquis ordo in his exiſtit, is à tempore non accipitur, ſed à natura tantùm.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4780"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4781"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4782"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4783"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4784"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum ab æterno principio quicquam noui poſſit proximè proficiſci, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SIQVID agat ſecundùm naturam, ſiue illud ſit agens æternum, ſeu mortale, neceſſe eſt, vt cùm an<lb></lb>teà nihil egerit, & poſteà <expan abbr="quicq̈">quicquam</expan> inchoauerit, id efficiat aliqua intercedente mutatione, vel in ſeipſo, <lb></lb>vel in re quæ fit, ſiue ea ſit mutatio per ſe, ſiue per accidens; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aut in eorum genere quæ ſunt ad ali<lb></lb>quid, aut in alia quauis categoria. </s> <s>Nam ſi ab vno, quatenus vnum eſt, non niſi vnum perſe, & proxi<lb></lb>mè proficiſci poteſt: ab æterno igitur, non niſi æternum per ſe, & proximè propagatur, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> concors <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> Academia lycæum pronunciat. <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἐξ ἀκινήτου γενόμενον αὐτίας ἀνέκλειπτον ἒλαχε φύσιν</foreign>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>illam firmam, <expan abbr="perpetuamq́">perpetuamque</expan>. </s> <s>Philoſophi <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> fuiſſe videmus, cùm 2. de ortu, tum item 12. Met. ob <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4785"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, quòd elementa contraria à motu cęli producenda forent, ſæpè dictum eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>mo<lb></lb>tum cęli vniuſmodi non eſſe oportere, ſed ad <expan abbr="diſtinctũ">diſtinctum</expan> motu <expan abbr="planetarũ">planetarum</expan> ſecundùm cingulum <expan abbr="ſigniferũ">ſigniferum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tametſi non eam eſſe vim inſtitutæ demonſtrationis opinor, vt proptereà deſideretur in efficiente mu<lb></lb>tatio, ſed in re ſolummodò quæ mutatur; niſi ſit ea mutatio ſecundùm <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> propter quam mo<lb></lb>uens de poteſtate traducitur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quidem cùm <expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> proximè redundat in <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>: <lb></lb>nam ſi pertineat ad mobile; <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> mutatio mobili fundabitur, non mouente, quemadmodum ſi è nihi<lb></lb>lo mundus oriatur. </s> <s>Cùm tamen ſi initium mundo extiterit non ex nihilo, Peripateticè defendendum <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> agente fundari. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hæc, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa mutatio tangit <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> diuinam, ſi credimus Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteli. </s> <s>Quattuor autem rationes ab ipſo collectæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="peragendũ">peragendum</expan> propoſitum, de quibus anteà <expan abbr="mẽ-tio">men<lb></lb>tio</expan> facta eſt, quæ item ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> repetitæ & vſurpatæ ſunt 12. Met. & hæc eadem attributa Deo, ſiue effi<lb></lb>ciat ex natura, ſiue ex conſilio, nihil refert: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> innouatio ſemper habet adnexam mutationem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen quae hæc non <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> conſentanea videntur cum viribus agentis naturalis: etenim id per<lb></lb>petuò conſimiliter operatur, ignis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſemper calefacit, & aqua nunq̈ non irrigat, ſed potius cùm volun<lb></lb>tarij natura conuenire cuius officium eſt agere, & quieſcere viciſsim: proptereà laudat Auerroës eos <lb></lb>qui putant <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> eſſe agens naturale, ſed admonet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> idcircò progreſſum Ariſtotelicæ rationis impedi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4786"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ri, quia generatim in <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> agens, ſiue naturale, ſeu voluntarium ſit; ex ortu mundi in illud mutatio redun<lb></lb>dabit. </s> <s>Quòd igitur nihil obſtat propoſito ſit'ne Deus agens naturale, an <expan abbr="voluntariũ">voluntarium</expan>, & liberum, & <expan abbr="ple-riq́">ple<lb></lb>rique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> philoſophi voluntatem Deo tribuunt; ſatis'ne Peripateticè viderint ipſi. </s> <s>voluntate <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in ipſo <lb></lb>collocata quæramus an ab <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> agente quod æternum ſit, <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> noui per ſe produci poſsit philoſophię <lb></lb>Peripateticæ limitibus conſeruatis: partem problematis affirmantem apud Græcos defendit Philopo<lb></lb>nus; apud Arabas Algazel. </s> <s>contra quos Simplicius, & Auerroës vſurpato genere illo diſputationis <lb></lb>quod apud Græcos obſeruaui nuncupatum, <foreign lang="grc">τὴν διὰ τριῶν, ἢ διὰ πλειόνων ἀγωγὴν</foreign> .i. deductionem per <lb></lb>tria, vel plura quam deſtructionum <expan abbr="deſtructionẽ">deſtructionem</expan> vocauit Auerroës. </s> <s>Nam Proclus primus hanc quæ<lb></lb>ſtionem in Philoſophiæ ſcenam induxit: contra ipſum diſſeruit Philoponus, Simplicius poſtmodo <lb></lb>contra Philoponum partes Procli defendit. </s> <s>Ita contra Proclum diſputauit Algazel ex Philopono; <lb></lb>contra Algazelem Auerroës ex Simplicio. </s> <s>Proinde ad Auerrois ſententias colligendas in eo libro, vt <lb></lb>ferè in cęteris, illos veteres auctores luſtraſſe conuenit. </s> <s>Par <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inter Græcos & Arabas rationum con<lb></lb>curſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conflictus exiſtit. </s> <s>Hoc igitur loco nos cum ipſis diſceptabimus. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne agens æternum <lb></lb>primò, & per ſe <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> noui efficiat, an non. </s> <s>Negant Peripatetici: tum quae motui neceſſariò mutatio <lb></lb>præcederet, tum etiam quae in ipſum agens mutatio caderet, quod tamen <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis vult eſſe <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Contra ipſos Philoponus grauiter defenſurus ab eiuſmodi agente <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> noui effici poſſe citra peri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4787"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>culum mutationis eo poſito voluntario. </s> <s>Nam cùm voluntas ſit appetitus quidam finis antè concepti; <lb></lb><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, vel eius qui nuper conceptus fuerit, vel etiam multò antè. </s> <s>vt ſiquis nunc ſecum ipſe <expan abbr="cõſtituat">conſtituat</expan>, <lb></lb>ſe hinc ad <expan abbr="decenniũ">decennium</expan> vxorem ducturum; quemadmodum nulla interuenit mutatio in hoc vetere appe<lb></lb>titu, cùm prodeat in actum: ſic in Deo talem voluntatem fuiſſe <expan abbr="perpetuã">perpetuam</expan>, vt pro certo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="mũdum">mundum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe voluerit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> in Deo requiri, quæ certè neceſſaria foret, ſi nouus ille appeti<lb></lb>tus eſſet, & finis paullò ante concepti. </s> <s>Sic Deus, cùm ſit omnia illa quæ ſub intelligentiam cadunt, mo<lb></lb>do <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> præſtantiſsimo, <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> illorum <expan abbr="intelligẽtiam">intelligentiam</expan> non admittit, ſed æterna voluntate res innouat, <lb></lb>mutatione non ad efficiens ipſum, ſed ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> quæ fit, ſolummodò pertinente: neque enim de poteſtate <lb></lb>transfertur ad <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> actum, dum ſic operatur. </s> <s>Hunc verò efficiendi modum citra mutationem pręce<lb></lb>dentem conabatur perſuadere Philoponus <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> artificis, in quo cum gemina ſit poteſtas, & totuplex <lb></lb>actus, vt ſæpius dictum eſt, vbi è potentia prima tranſeat ad actum primum; ſequitur ſanè <expan abbr="trãſmutatio">tranſmutatio</expan> <lb></lb>quæ fundatur artifice, vbi verò è poteſtate ſecunda tranſeat ad <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan>, nullo modo fit in ipſo mutatio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hac ergo <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ab æterno <expan abbr="agẽte">agente</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> aliquid noui ſine permutatione proximè produci, neque id ſolùm, <lb></lb>ſed ita ſuccedere, vt è nihilo aliquid effici queat. </s> <s>Harum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> partium aſſeclæ ſolent afferre <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> <lb></lb>rationes, quibus <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> poſitio muniatur, & in primis à ſimili. </s> <s>Nam quemadmodum nihil ſeminis, vo<lb></lb>lunt dicere, genituræ, in animalis conſtitutione ſupereſt, ſed menſtruum duntaxat, in quo non reſidet <pb pagenum="823"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4788"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>anima, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> actu, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poteſtate, & inde producitur animal; ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de mundo <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſtatuũt">ſtatuunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà ſicut eſt prima quædam cauſſa, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ponere oportet primum <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> effectum ipſi reſpon<lb></lb>dentem. </s> <s>Sed niſi productio daretur ex nihilo, primus effectus non eſſet. </s> <s>Etenim niſi creatus fuiſſet <lb></lb>mundus; igitur ex alio factus. </s> <s>Rurſus de hoc <expan abbr="quærã">quæram</expan>, ſit'ne genitus ex aliquo, an ex nihilo productus, <lb></lb>quae ſi è nihilo dixeris, cur non & ipſe mundus è nihilo factus eſt? </s> <s>ſi verò genitum fuiſſe <expan abbr="reſpõdens">reſpondens</expan>; idem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de hoc ipſo percunctari licebit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> abibit quæſtio in infinitum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Peripateticis hæc pars <lb></lb>problematis parum probabilis habita eſt. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt informatum <expan abbr="anticiparumq́">anticiparumque</expan>. </s> <s>mentibus noſtris Deum <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> præſtantiſsimum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan>. </s> <s>tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quod bonum eſt, non inuidere. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Plato dicebat, <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀγαθῳ δ' οὐδενὶ περὶ οὐδενὸς ἐγγίνεται φθόνος</foreign>. </s> <s>multò igitur minus eſſentiæ diuinæ <expan abbr="cõueniet">conueniet</expan> inuidere: <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quapropter vniuerſis rebus ſuam <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> largiſsimè communicare ſtudebit. </s> <s>Si igitur bonum fuit eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4789"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe mundum, cur id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab æterno eſſe bonum non fuit, & multò melius, quandò boni, quo diutius per<lb></lb>manet, meliores conditiones, eſſe ſolent? </s> <s>Ergo mundum ab æterno extitiſſe veriſimile eſt, præſertim ſi <lb></lb>nihil intercedat quod impediat, etſi adſit impediens, ea ſecutura ſint quæ Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe obiecit. </s> <s>Deinde <lb></lb>cauſſa actu à cauſſa poteſtate ſeparatur: etenim cauſſa actu ſingularis eſt, & vnà cum effectu: cauſſa <lb></lb>verò poteſtate <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, & effectui præcedit. </s> <s>Ergo cùm Deus creet <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan>, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> creet, eſt cauſſa pote<lb></lb>ſtate, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> creat, eſt actu cauſſa: quamobrem de poteſtate traductus eſt ad actum. </s> <s>proinde mutatio quo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4790"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo pacto <expan abbr="diuinã">diuinam</expan> attinget eſſentiam: quinimmo vniuerſa mutatio Deo nitetur, quae tum nihil extra <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>exiſtat. </s> <s>Reſpondebis fortaſſe mutationem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> re quidem inniti, non ſanè, quae aliquid tum per ſe exiſtat; <lb></lb>verùm, quatenus eſt in mente diuina. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quòd in philoſophia Peripatetica non facilè datur <lb></lb>Deum extra ſe quicquam noſſe, nec cum ipſa admodùm Ideæ conſentiunt quæ neceſſariæ mihi viden<lb></lb>tur, ſi mutationem ad res creatas pertinere dicamus, quatenus in mente ſubſiſtunt: attamen & hoc gra<lb></lb>tis conceſſo, ſic opponere licet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eſſe cognitum in deo penitus idem cum illo eſt, & tum maximè, <lb></lb>cùm mundus non eſt. </s> <s>Si igitur ad ea mutatio pertinet quę ab illo <expan abbr="noſcunt̃">noſcuntur</expan>, in ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> redundabit: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> Deus non erit <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis immutabilis: nam ſic mutabitur ſaltem per accidens. </s> <s>Prętereà Deus, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> eius functio extra <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> temporis <expan abbr="aleã">aleam</expan> poſita ſunt. </s> <s>Sed ſi ita Deus ageret, eius actio tempus quo<lb></lb>quomodo includeret. </s> <s>Igitur noua mundi productio à tali natura <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> aliena eſſe cenſetur. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſi voluntas <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> producendi fuerit æterna, ſed tamen vt certo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> tempore, vel eius <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> deduca<lb></lb>tur ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>; certè non apparet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> id <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> notione <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> effici queat, vt ſiquis nubere ve<lb></lb>lit hinc ad <expan abbr="decenniũ">decennium</expan>, concipit <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, & quòd nunc facere non vult, neque biennio proximè inſtante. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi tempus non ſine motu cogitatur: ergo & ratio motus ad mentem diuinam pertinebit. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>ſat eſt dicere quae non tempore, ſed inſtanti, quod eſt <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, notio illa determinetur; proptereaque in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4791"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtans à tempore non abſtrahitur, cùm ſit aliquid temporis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat; ſi fortè dixeris tempus & <lb></lb>motum ſic eſſe in mente diuina, veluti ſpeciem quandam, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & actu, atque vt <lb></lb>rem, & <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & quanuis reapſe diſperſa ſit, ab eo tamen <foreign lang="grc">ἐνοειδῶς</foreign>, & vt aiunt, vnitiuè cognoſcatur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſic etiam, vel ideam ponere cogeris, & quod peius eſt, accidentis cuius idea nulla eſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> apud <lb></lb><expan abbr="idearũ">idearum</expan> inuentores, aut ſi <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> ſpeciem vt obiectæ rei ſumas, <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> ſtatuere eius quod non extet, ac ſi ex<lb></lb>trinſecùs fuerit; mutationem non euitare. </s> <s>Nam, quod ita ſe habet ad <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, in eo <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> facit, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> non eſt ita docente nos Ariſt. 8. Phyſ. Ad hoc fortaſſe dices <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> diſcri<lb></lb>men inter actiones. </s> <s>Dei, <expan abbr="noſtrasq́">noſtrasque</expan>. </s> <s>intercedere: quandoquidem actiones humanæ pendeant à certis <lb></lb>cauſsis, <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>ordinata connexione quę ſine temporum diſtributione præſtari non poſsit: cum mo<lb></lb>tu <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & materia ſenſili operatur, & <expan abbr="occaſionẽ">occaſionem</expan> quæ eſt <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> conditio <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>, expectat: vt, ſi acetum <lb></lb>facere velit, vinum paret neceſſe eſt: ideo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſerendæ vites, & cętera <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſunt inſtruenda è quibus <lb></lb>fiat vinum. </s> <s>hæc verò omnia <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> proceſſu fiant oportet quo materia <expan abbr="mutet̃">mutetur</expan>, & tranſitus fieri queat <lb></lb>è principiis remotis ad proxima. </s> <s>Quamobrem prius ordinat homo antecedens ad illud ipſum quod <lb></lb>agendo ſe <expan abbr="effecturũ">effecturum</expan> ſperat, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>inſtante ad <expan abbr="moliendũ">moliendum</expan> id quod ſequitur, excitatur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> pendet ex <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed actio Dei non pendet ex <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempus expectat; verùm facit <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, & cùm vult; libera cum <lb></lb>ſit, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſuperet impedimenta. </s> <s>At qui in hoc illa, meo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iudicio, valent quæ opponit Ariſtoteles, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4792"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm extat <expan abbr="nonnullorũ">nonnullorum</expan> diſcrimen, cauſſam talis diſcriminis eſſe <expan abbr="afferendã">afferendam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aut ratione <expan abbr="confirmandã">confirmandam</expan>, <lb></lb>aut inductione perſuadendam. </s> <s>ſic, cùm Deus nunc ab officio ceſſet, aliàs eo fungatur; eius differentiæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa reddenda eſt. </s> <s>Verùm quae <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſuppetit ratio, neque ſuccurrit ſimile, <expan abbr="nullaq́">nullaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubuenit cauſ<lb></lb>ſa talis differentiæ, iubet Ariſt. </s> <s>vt huiuſcemodi ſententiam prorſus eiiciamus. </s> <s>Necnon mihi <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> <lb></lb>videtur <expan abbr="conſentaneũ">conſentaneum</expan> Peripateticorum placitis <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> Dei non pendere à <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non expectare <lb></lb>tempus præfinitum, ſed cùm in quolibet eius puncto queat agere, hoc potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud ſibi ſumpſiſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id verè dicitur actionem Dei extra <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſſe, ſed hoc eſt eſſe æternum, ita <expan abbr="deſcribẽte">deſcribente</expan> Ariſtotele <lb></lb>ea quæ ſunt in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, quae claudantur terminis temporis; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> creatio, cùm habeat inſtans <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quo à <lb></lb>parte priore terminatur, eſt in tempore. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſatis illa actio pendet ex <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, quia <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> <lb></lb>ſeſe <expan abbr="tẽpori">tempori</expan> addicit, dum hoc <expan abbr="inſtãs">inſtans</expan> potius placet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis, ſi accipit <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> mu<lb></lb>tationem. </s> <s>nam certè habitudo efficientis immutatur. </s> <s>Inſuper neceſſe eſt dicere Deum non eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, & propriam huius effectus. </s> <s>ſiquidem illa prima ſit, <expan abbr="propriaq́">propriaque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa, qua poſita <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> effectus, <lb></lb>ſed hac cauſſa poſita non ſequitur illicò creatio, cùm requiratur adhuc præſentia puncti illius, quod <lb></lb>cauſſa ſibipſi præfiniuit, quod cùm ſit, <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> actio non eſt habenda, àc ſi ſit extra tempus. </s> <s>ob id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quo<lb></lb>dammodo reſpicit motum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> etiam tollit <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="controuerſiã">controuerſiam</expan>, quod in nonnullorum <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> veniſ<lb></lb>ſe perſpicio; voluntatem certè fore nouam, ſi inſtans illud quod creationi deſtinatur, per ſe moueat vo <pb pagenum="824"></pb>luntatem, ſed ſi fuerit veluti conditio quæ ad effectus <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> requiritur, citra mutationem volun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4793"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatis adeſſe, & abeſſe poterit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> opponam ego, nunc adeſt ea conditio, prius non aderat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> mu<lb></lb>tatio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> interceſsit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm rem ipſam, ſed prętereà mouens intuetur. </s> <s>Rurſus ea præfinitio tem<lb></lb>poris, aut vetus & æterna fuit, aut noua. </s> <s>ac ſi nouam eſſe reſpondeas, iam cauſſa mutationem accepit, <lb></lb>ſi æternam conſtituas; iam non erit poſſe & eſſe <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> in æterno: quapropter ad <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſe eſt <lb></lb>pertineat ea mutatio. </s> <s>Reſtat illud, vt videamus, an'ne cùm poſsit facere, & velit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen faciat, id <lb></lb>poſthabeat, quae ſi minus bonum. </s> <s>Et verò ſi illud <expan abbr="vnicuiq.">vnicuique</expan> rei <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> ab ipſo Deo pendere: optimum pro<lb></lb>fectò illud ab æterno contigiſſe. </s> <s>Quinetiam id ſibi melius, aut aliis <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> quodam temporis initio <lb></lb>fuiſſe conditum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè mundo, aut homini, quae melius ſimpliciter eſt eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> non eſſe. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id <lb></lb>ſibi expeditebat; quandò multò perfectior habendus eſt actus ſecundus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> primus: nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> eo me<lb></lb>lius eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, qui tamen ſi ex actu primo in <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> transferretur, aliquid ipſi perfectionis accederet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò præſtantius eſſe queat, vel ob eſſentiæ <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan>, vel quae <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> pluribus impertiat; ſi quan<lb></lb>uis poſsit, non efficit, conſtat ſanè <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> de <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> perfectione fuiſſe detractum. </s> <s>Multò igitur proba<lb></lb>bilius ab æterno extitiſſe <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan>, nec aliud <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſilium">conſilium</expan> nouæ illi molitioni fuiſſe, cùm ſic ſemper <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> perfectionis genere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſummæ permaneret. </s> <s>& cùm Deus ſimpliciter ſit bonus, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>veriſimile eſt ipſum <expan abbr="effecturũ">effecturum</expan> bonum ſimpliciter, nec <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> mundi <expan abbr="creationẽ">creationem</expan> procraſtinaturum, aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4794"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hominis <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> animaduerſurum; cùm fas non ſit minimæ <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> particulæ rationem habere velle, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> audio cenſere nonnullos, qui nouum opus ad Dei <expan abbr="gloriã">gloriam</expan> pertinere putent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> <lb></lb>condidiſſe <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan>, & ad libitum nulla neceſsitate compellente, vt noteſceret magis eius virtus, atque <lb></lb>maieſtas: nam tum velut arbiter faciendi noſcebatur; quaſi rex <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> qui, vt facere ſitum eſſe in ſua <lb></lb>poteſtate ſignificet, faciat, aut non, vt lubet. </s> <s>Vnde tritum illud verbum. </s> <s>Sic volo, ſic iubeo, ſit pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>voluntas. </s> <s>At quicquid de gloria dicatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reſpondeat hoc placitis Ariſtotelis, ille ſciet qui ipſius mo<lb></lb>ralia tractabit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſcet <expan abbr="cogitationẽ">cogitationem</expan> illam gloriæ <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="inanẽ">inanem</expan>, vt ſi <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> bonus vir quidpiam gloriæ <lb></lb>captandæ cauſſa moliri debet: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliud <expan abbr="quidq̃">quidquae</expan> eſt gloria, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> conſentiens laus bonorum, <expan abbr="incorru-ptaq́">incorru<lb></lb>ptaque</expan>. </s> <s>vox iudicantium de excellenti virtute, quæ <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> comitari ſolet illuſtribus factis, vt vmbra <lb></lb>corpori. </s> <s>Si etiam contemplatio quaſi <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> deſpiciens, quæ ſunt infra <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeipſa contenta eſt: quantò <lb></lb>magis ab his cogitationibus abhorrere credendum eſt D. O. M. cùm tantò res vniuerſas excellat, nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> pulchrius ipſa ſuiipſius ſpeculatione illi obiici valeat? </s> <s>An'ne ita faciet, vt per nouum opus eius <lb></lb>præſtantia noſcatur, ne nos hoc tanto & tam inſigni bono priuemur? </s> <s>At cur non magis ſeſe prodiderit <lb></lb>diuina maieſtas, ſi mundus ab æterno extiterit? </s> <s>quandò etiam in illa infinitate maieſtas diuini numi<lb></lb>nis multò pluribus ſeſe oſtendiſſet, ſi ad gloriam adſpiraſſet. </s> <s>& cùm præſtantior ea cauſſa ſit quæ eſt in <lb></lb>actu, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quæ eſt in potentia; per mundum igitur ſe magis auctorem <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan>, quàm ſine mundo ſigni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4795"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ficabit. </s> <s>En cęlos ipſos, quorum ſubſtantia præſtantiſsima, & omnino diuina; quos infinito <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> <lb></lb>tempore celaſſet; qui item ſi perfectam habet intelligentiam, probè complectuntur ſummam Dei prę<lb></lb>ſtantiam, & ſe <expan abbr="ſuasq́">ſuasque</expan>. </s> <s>functiones ex ipſo pendere non minus, quàm amans amatæ rei excellentiam <lb></lb>optimè intelligat, & omnia ſe in eius ſolius gratiam facere cognoſcat. </s> <s>Neque exemplum regum mihi <lb></lb>placet: nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita facere cogerentur, ſi bonos gubernarent; nunc ita faciunt, vt timorem malis incu<lb></lb>tiant. </s> <s>quæ diſponit Deus & gubernat, optima omnia ſunt, & ipſi quaſi <foreign lang="grc">διά τὸ ἐυτοδίδακτον</foreign> ſponte pa<lb></lb>rent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò credo <expan abbr="quenq̃">quenquam</expan> Peripateticè aſſerturum nullam à temporis initio fore creationis huiuſce <lb></lb>cauſſam; quia ſit hoc modo contingens: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> contingentium cauſſam contingentem eſſe puto: ne<lb></lb>que id per ſe abhorret à demonſtratione, quae mundus olim conditus fuerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem magis <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ea doctrina conſentiunt quam humana ſapientia ab experientia dictante accepit. </s> <s>Vides tu nunc arma <lb></lb>& copias, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> inſtructi Peripatetici veritatem oppugnare conantur, quæ nos omnia collegimus, vt <lb></lb>iis reſiſtere facilius, & cognita ex hoſtium manibus eripere poſſes.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4785"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4786"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4787"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4788"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4789"></margin.target>a 1. Met. <lb></lb>c. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4790"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4791"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4792"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4793"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4794"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4795"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid reſpondeant ad obiecta Peripatetici, quibus aliquid noui proximè ab æterno proficiſci probatur, <lb></lb>quidúe ad eorum rationes dicendum ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4796"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4796"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POTERAT apud nonnullos argumentum quoddam à voluntatis natura deſumptum quò phy<lb></lb>ſicè probarent æterno agenti voluntatem nouam non aduerſari. </s> <s>Duplicem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſi voluntatem, ſeu <lb></lb>potius obiectum duplex ipſius obſeruabant: alterum quidem ex quo nil melius ſe conſecuturum ſpe<lb></lb>raret voluntas; vt ſi princeps otioſo homini benefaciat, ab eo nihil expectans: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum à quo ali<lb></lb>quid boni expectatur, vt cùm ſoluitur operarius. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud bonum quod in otioſum hominem confer<lb></lb>tur, quae non eſt debitum, <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> tempore præſtatur, nullam legem deſiderat, & fiat, nec'ne nihil re<lb></lb>fert: id verò quod operario qui tua cauſſa laborarit, tribuitur, & debitum eſt, & ab opera flagitatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc Deus nullius opis indigus eſt; quod ipſe bonum erogat nobis, omne <expan abbr="gratuitũ">gratuitum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nulli tem<lb></lb>pori eſt obnoxium; pręſtat, cùm liber; nihil ipſi neceſsitatem imponit. </s> <s>At mihi videtur ille qui hæc pro<lb></lb>fitetur, non ſanè actionem à tempore vindicare; ſed à certo tempore duntaxat: eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae faciat, cùm lu<lb></lb>bet; at <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> facit, & eſt ea notio, ſeu voluntas, vt nunc faciat, tametſi in alio nunc facere poteſt, aut <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non facere: acſi in hoc nunc faciat quod antea facere noluit, voluntas neceſſe eſt hoc ipſo nunc ter<lb></lb>minetur, ita vt non alio nunc: ſic cùm velit facere nunc quod ante noluit facere, cauſſa præſto ſit opor<lb></lb>tet quæ è non faciente facientem faciat. </s> <s>Sequitur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vt cauſſa ſit diuina facultas: nam ſicut artifex qui <lb></lb>nihil omnino faciat, fruſtra eſt: ita continget maieſtati diuinæ. </s> <s>Eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae voluntas in homine libera ſit, </s></p> <pb pagenum="825"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4797"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt etiam hoc non agat, at dum hoc non agit, aliud agit, & quod non agit hic, alius aget, aut agit. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi nil agat Deus (poteſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non agere) quia quod ipſe agit vniuerſum eſt, nec aliud <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> præter illum <lb></lb>aget, vel agetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> facultas illa tantum abeſt, vt eadem ſit cum actu, vt fruſtra penitus ſit futura. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo non ab antiqua, ſed à noua voluntate nouum proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Iam verò quod aſſerebat Philoponus, <lb></lb>vbi fiat tranſitus è poteſtate ſecunda in actum ſecundum, nullam extare mutationem, quàm verum ſit <lb></lb>& docuimus libro 3. & Ariſtoteles ipſe commonſtrat 8. Phyſ. <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> mutatio pertine: ad efficiens, ſi <lb></lb>non per ſe, ſaltem per accidens, quandò obicis mutatio neceſſariò præcedit; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> motus eſt ante <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; <lb></lb>& habitudinis mutatio conſequitur quæ inter efficiens & patiens intercedit. </s> <s>Et id quod ab animalis <lb></lb>ortu ſumebatur, facilè tollitur. </s> <s>Nam dicimus animæ ſubſtantiam in genitura contineri, & aquea parte <lb></lb>difflata & euaneſcente remanere, quæ poſtmodò in ſanguine menſtruo comprehenſa materiam ſibi pa<lb></lb>rat, & corpus, & organa fabricat <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vtatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud item eos diſſuadere debebat quod accipieba<lb></lb>tur ex ordine cauſſarum & affectuum. </s> <s>Scire <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> licet in effectuum cauſſarum generalitate ordinem ita <lb></lb>eſſe ponendum, quae vbi è diuerſo cauſſarum genere pendeant: primus effectus ille ſit, qui proximè pen<lb></lb>det ab vltimo fine: at vbi cauſſæ eiuſdem ſeriei ſpectentur, quatenus vna remotior eſt, altera propin<lb></lb>quior; id quod pendet ex eo quod in aliquo genere cauſſæ primum eſt, etiam primus effectus habe<lb></lb>tur, veluti elementa, quę proximè producuntur ex materia prima. </s> <s>Eſt & ordo quo hoc ex hoc fit, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4798"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſt hoc, vtputa, ſi homo è ſemine, ſemen ex homine; rurſus alimentum, ex elementis per compoſitio<lb></lb>nem, elementa rurſus ex alimento per diſſolutionem; necnon nubes è pluuia, è pluuia nubes, qui ordo <lb></lb>conuerſioni ſimilis eſt, in qua nihil prius eſt, aut poſterius; vnde etiam docet Ariſtoteles in huiuſmodi <lb></lb>progreſſu contineri infinitatem: Prætereà mundi generatio fit ſecundùm partes, non ex tot, & dum <lb></lb>hoc fit, aliud alibi interit, dum hoc interit aliud, alibi generatur. </s> <s>Quapropter vbi opponunt, aut ad pri<lb></lb>mum eſſe veniendum; quod ex nihilo factum ſit, aut abitionem in infinitum eſſe proceſſuram; conce<lb></lb>dit hoc poſtremum Ariſtoteles & infinitatem in hoc progreſſu ponit non ſecus atque in motu circuli, <lb></lb>qui remeat idem, de quo plura nob. </s> <s>antea dicta ſunt, qua de ortu rerum ageremus. </s> <s>Nulla ergo, ſi Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem audimus, nouo conſilio tam præclari operis inceptio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hæc omnia, ſi Peripateticorum <lb></lb>via placeat inſiſtere, exitum facillimè inueniunt: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quae ab eo, quae ex nihilo fieri quicquam ſic <lb></lb>abhorruit ea diſciplina, vt quaſi in hoc tantum conuenerit inter omnes, quos phyſicos antiquitas ap<lb></lb>pellauit. </s> <s>vt ſine vlla dubitatione tranſierit in axioma: nec aliud phyſicè credit poterat, hoc eſt, in ea do<lb></lb>ctrina, quæ naturalib. virib. comparatur: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem defendunt Deum prorſus immutabilem eſſe, <lb></lb>& ab eo per eſſentiam ſuam agente cęlum & naturam ab æterno pependiſſe, & vniuerſam mutationem <lb></lb>cęlo imprimis inniti, deinde per cęlum motus obliqui interuentu per cætera pertinere: nam fiunt ex <lb></lb>materia, quæ item nec oriri, nec interire poteſt, & ex ea primum elementa, poſt mixta inanima, & vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4799"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uentia ad extremum. </s> <s>Hæc igitur fuit opinio Peripateticorum de illo theoremate quae à Deo nihil noui <lb></lb>proximè proficiſci poſsit. </s> <s>At verò ita'ne viro pio credendum eſt? </s> <s>abſit. </s> <s>nec deſunt etiam machinæ qui<lb></lb>bus tantus hic conatus refringatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt cuncta, vt fas eſt, ab initio repetantur, ſtatuamus imprimis <lb></lb>ea principia quæ tametſi non niſi fidei lumine inſtructis ſeſe patefacere puto: nihilominus ita perſpi<lb></lb>cua, per ſe, & fide digna ſunt, vt nec iis refragari liceat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> contra diſputare; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> horum ope obiecto<lb></lb>rum fallacias detegamus. </s> <s>Hæc igitur omnium prima <expan abbr="conſtantiſsimaq́">conſtantiſsimaque</expan>. </s> <s>principia. </s> <s>Deum O. M. cuius <lb></lb>mens & immenſa bonitate, <expan abbr="pariq́">parique</expan>. </s> <s>virtute, & ſupremis cogitationib. plena eſt, mundi creationem ab <lb></lb>æterno ad certum temporis initium concepiſſe, & ita cogitantem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> volentem mundo, motui <expan abbr="tem-poriq́">tem<lb></lb>porique</expan>. </s> <s>dediſſe principium, <expan abbr="nullaq́">nullaque</expan>. </s> <s>materia præcedente, vel mutatione quæ pertineat ad ipſum, è nihi<lb></lb>lo mundum creaſſe per effuſionem quandam, veluti Sol cùm extra ſe lumen producit vt quaſi, quod <lb></lb>in ipſo formaliter inerat, ex ipſo erumpens per materiam conſtitueretur; & ex illa effuſione rei forma <lb></lb>quæ in mente diuina continebatur, extra mentem ſibi vnà materiam fabricaſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubſtrauiſſe. </s> <s>Ita vo<lb></lb>luntatem æternam, ſed mundum à quodam initio conditum. </s> <s>Hæc quidem altiora ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt ea nos hu<lb></lb>mi ſtrati ſuſpicere poſsimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> omnipotentiam mens humana vix concipit; idcirco mutationem <lb></lb>pertinere putat ad efficiens, & dum ita efficit, id vt tempori obſtrictum complectitur. </s> <s>Quamobrem in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4800"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eo labitur, quae naturam <expan abbr="præſtantiſsimã">præſtantiſsimam</expan> ex ingenio noſtro iudicare audet, & id ſæpe reputat bonum, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> <lb></lb>ſublimes Dei cogitationes non attingit, quod exceſſæ illi menti longè ſecus videri poſſet. </s> <s>nam bonum <lb></lb>nos appetimus noſtrapte natura quod ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſit <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan>, & quod bonum concipimus, ſta<lb></lb>tim expetimus, & id protinus, vel aſſequi, vel pręſtare vellemus, ac ſiquid moræ interponitur; id rerum <lb></lb>ordini ſic poſtulanti datur. </s> <s>At veriſimile eſt diuino conſilio quippiam nob. </s> <s>apparatum fuiſſe quod <lb></lb>ſit ſupra naturam. </s> <s>Proinde quemadmodum hoc bonum naturæ ordinem tranſilit; conſimili <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> con<lb></lb>ſilio <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> aliquando extitiſſe dicemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> quod accipitur optimi eſſe carere inuidia, & communi<lb></lb>care bonitatem ſuam; ſi id perpetuò præſtari poſsit, perpetuò <expan abbr="præſtandũ">præſtandum</expan>: optimè quidem ſe habet <expan abbr="ſecũ-dùm">ſecun<lb></lb>dùm</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; ſed ſublimius quid ſpectanti non optimè. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quae tranſeat Deus creans de poteſtate ſe<lb></lb>cunda ad actum ſecundum; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>mutetur. </s> <s>Ego ſic diluam. </s> <s>quae agens illud quod per <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan>, <expan abbr="volunta-temq́">volunta<lb></lb>temque</expan>. </s> <s>producit & ex ſeipſo promit; ſi notio, & voluntas perpetuæ fuerint; non immutari, dum res ipſa <lb></lb>producitur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> manet eadem forma in mente & appetitu, <expan abbr="modoq́">modoque</expan>. </s> <s>præſtantiore, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſit extra <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>: <lb></lb>addo verò formæ <expan abbr="perpetuitatẽ">perpetuitatem</expan>, quae vereor ne noua notio, <expan abbr="nouaq́">nouaque</expan>. </s> <s>appetito ſine mutatione fieri poſsit: <lb></lb><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>minimè pertinet ad Deum ea traductio de poteſtate ad actum; quia finis ab æterno conceptus, & <lb></lb>expetitus eſt ad illud initium, vnde res ipſa, quaſi per ſequelam emanauit; & veluti ſi lucente Sole, nec <lb></lb>tamen illuminatio fieret, quia perſpicuum non adeſſet; fieret <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, ſi extaret perſpicuum, mutatio qui <pb pagenum="826"></pb>dem non ad ſolem, ſed ad perſpicuum pertineret: ſic de mundo condito, <expan abbr="deoq́">deoque</expan>. </s> <s>condente dicamus. </s> <s>id<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4801"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que potiſsimè valet in illud agens, cuius actio <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> contrarium habeat, quod reſiſtat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pendeat ex <lb></lb>materia quæ cum poteſtate ſemper, & repugnantia coniuncta eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam verò mirum Peripatetico <lb></lb>videri poſsit finem quempiam, ſeu <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> rei quæ ſit à Deo diuerſa, concipi ab ipſo, non planè <expan abbr="argumẽ-tis">argumen<lb></lb>tis</expan> neceſſariis, meo quidem iudicio, confectum eſt, ſed in quadam probabilitate verſatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab iis <lb></lb>quæ apud nos humanitùs eueniunt, ipſi de reb. diuinis iudicium ferunt: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alium præmonſtra<lb></lb>torem, <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> ſenſum & experientiam ſequuntur: at multò plus videt Theologus: ideò cæterarum rerum <lb></lb>notitiam non repellit à Deo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud officit, quae eſſe cognitum in Deo cum illo penitus idem ſit, vt <lb></lb>inde perſuaderi poſsis, mutationem quæ ad rem <expan abbr="creatã">creatam</expan> pertinet, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> quoquo pacto tentare; qua<lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> per accidens exiſtat in Deo mutatio, ſiquidem maneat <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> notio, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>appetitus aſsi<lb></lb>duè, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> extitit olim mundus, & adhuc conſeruetur; <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>hoc ſimile eſt, quod <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit terminus <expan abbr="cu-iuſpiã">cu<lb></lb>iuſpiam</expan> mutationis quæ in alio facta ſit, aliud fit, non ſanè per <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>, ſed per <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan>, quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> alio fundetur; illo verò terminetur & finiatur: à quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Deum <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Peripateticè <expan abbr="excipiendũ">excipiendum</expan> <lb></lb>puto: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à terminis relationis omnino ſegregatur; quae ad ipſum reliqua omnia referuntur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> qui<lb></lb>bus tamen eius habitudo non reciprocatur. </s> <s>Iam verò quod vereris, velle hoc pro certo inſtanti, ne <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>temporis notione ſit, & cùm conceptione motus, non vnicum exitum apud diligenter aduertentes in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4802"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uenire poſsit. </s> <s>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dabimus <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & tempus in mente diuina fuiſſe formaliter, quæ poſtea reipſa ex<lb></lb>plicentur in mundo; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ob id eiuſmodi notiones habendæ ſunt, vt motus illius mentis, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum in nob. </s> <s>ſed actus quidam indiuidui, & qui ſimul ex toto conſiſtant, ab omni temporis conditio<lb></lb>ne ſegregati. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> credendum eſt notiones in Deo per motum ſubſiſtere, velut in nob. </s> <s>quandò in ipſo <lb></lb>ab æterno ſunt, nec ex materia pendent, vt cuiuſpiam ſeuocationis indigeant quæ neceſſaria apud nos <lb></lb>eſt; cùm <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> eſſentię vel ſint in materia ſenſili, vel ope materiæ ſenſilis penetrent ad mentem noſtram. <lb></lb></s> <s>quare prius à ſenſu per ſenſiles qualitates accipi debent, deinde à phantaſia, poſtremò à mente ſecre<lb></lb>tis indiuidui conditionib. Aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliud eſſe dicemus, ſiquis annum pronunciet ſeorſum, & in anno ali<lb></lb>quid actum fuiſſe doceat: vtroque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> modo ſenſus & motus exprimuntur, ſed in poſteriore locutione <lb></lb>mutatio notatur in ſubiecto quæ ad certum tempus producitur: in priore verò tempus ſimpliciter in<lb></lb>cluditur, vt nota formæ cuiuſdam, quæ per ſe partiri non poſsit; ſed in vnum quaſi coacta ſit à mente, <lb></lb>quo ſimplex eſſentia continetur: ſic igitur in Deo præcedere fatemur ſpeciem temporis & motus, & <lb></lb>eſſentiam, quæ ſit in mente, non affectionem, quæ cum motu extendatur. </s> <s>Et quod opponitur ex Ariſto<lb></lb>tele; quoniam habitudo mutaretur inter <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> & effectum: id verò <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> euenire dicimus, niſi quip<lb></lb>piam aliud anteceſſerit mundi creationi: cùm ante mundum nil fuerit, quod Deus ipſe reſpiceret, vt <lb></lb>aliud poſtea reſpiciens, aut alio modo habitudinem immutaret. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> mutatio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> videri poſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4803"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit; quia nihil antea produxiſſet, poſteà verò mundum crearet: at in eo quod creatum eſt, mutatio po<lb></lb>nitur; quippe quae prius non erat, poſtea fuit, habitudine innouata in mundo quæ Deo terminatur; nec vl<lb></lb>la variatio Deum attingit, quia per eandem notionem & voluntatem, quæ fuit æterna, mundum in il<lb></lb>lo temporis puncto creauit. </s> <s>&, mea quidem ſententia, quæ tum mea prorſus erit, ſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> religione <expan abbr="cõſen-tiat">conſen<lb></lb>tiat</expan>, vt ſpero; Ariſtoteles ſtatuens generationem quæ fit ex materia; nullam mutationem dare poteſt <lb></lb>quæ ſit prima ſimpliciter, ſed perpetuò pendens ex motu. </s> <s>nec nouam habitudinem ſine præcedente; quae <lb></lb>materia ſemper aliquam præſefert <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> ad efficiens, vtpote patibilis poteſtas ad actuoſam; ſed <lb></lb>poſita creatione ſequitur habitudo noua, & exiſtit mutatio prima, quæ idem eſt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> primo eſſe rei crea<lb></lb>tę: nec habitudo variatur ex illo, quae antea nulla foret habitudo, poſtmodo exiſteret; ſiquidem ea pror<lb></lb>ſus nihil eſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nulla habitudo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam natura præcedit creationi, quandò non habeat, quo fun<lb></lb>detur. </s> <s>Hæc igitur habitudo variatur, vbi agens ex materia producat, quae aliter materia ſe habet ad <expan abbr="agẽs">agens</expan> <lb></lb>ante <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> producat, & poſteà cùm producit: & de hac habitudinis immutatione loquebatur Ariſtoteles, <lb></lb>quam ſemper ex materia generanti anteire oportebat: cuius nunc nulla neceſsitas vrget, cùm creans, <lb></lb>quae ſolus Deus eſt, ex materia non efficiat. </s> <s>Et cauſſam illam recipimus, quae non ab ęterno produxerit, quia <lb></lb>ſic agere præſtiterit; quanuis lateat nos, cur ita ſit, & maioris id conſilij fuerit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan>, vt mens humana, aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4804"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natura ipſa conſequi poſsit. </s> <s>Ita igitur non ſine cauſſa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem principe, vtpote quæ ſit finis, <lb></lb>creationem extitiſſe dicemus: <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> item addemus hæc. </s> <s>Si creatio datur, neceſſe item eſſe ſit primum <lb></lb>eſſe ſimpliciter, quod in generatione cum poſtremo non eſſe coniunctum fuerat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hęc ad Ariſto<lb></lb>telęos pro noſtro munere ſatis dicta ſint: nam reliqua peritioribus dicenda relinquimus. </s> <s>Redeo nunc <lb></lb>ad Ariſtotelem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4797"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4798"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4799"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4800"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4801"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4802"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4803"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4804"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm motus animalis fiat ab externo, ſit'ne prorſus internus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TERTIA <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratio princeps diſſolui poteſt: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abſolutè verum eſt, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> in ani<lb></lb>mali fieri ab interno principio. </s> <s>quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> abſolutè dicere licebit hunc <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> cepiſſe ſic, vt nullus <lb></lb>alius ei præceſſerit. </s> <s>Præterea <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ille etiam, qui videtur internus, ſine quodam alio motu poteſt obiri; <lb></lb>ita vt quemadmodum teſtabatur Auerroës: tametſi motus ille internus apparet, id ex ea cauſſa profi<lb></lb>ciſcitur, quae lateat mouens. </s> <s>Et quantum attinet ad primum. </s> <s>In animali geminæ ſunt ſpecies motus: alte<lb></lb>ra quidem eſt alteratio quæ naſcitur à primis qualitatib. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quandò animal ipſum è quattuor elemen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4805"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tis conflatur: ea verò naturalis eſt; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quam progreſſum appellamus, quæ conuenit animali, <lb></lb>quatenus conſtat ex organis, & animal eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> animal à cæteris ſenſu <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan>, <expan abbr="motuq́">motuque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparatur: <pb pagenum="827"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4806"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>manifeſtum verò eſt alterationem in animali fieri ab externo; ſiquidem fiat ab ambiente, quod frigore <lb></lb>nunc, mox calore vim habeat afficiendi corpus noſtrum inuadendo partes congenitas <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> connexas, <lb></lb>hæ verò ſunt ſenſuum inſtrumenta, quæ rerum ſpecies delatas per medium in primis accipiunt, itaque <lb></lb>ſupponitur illi motui mutatio quædam in ambiente. </s> <s>Quare ſiquis eſt motus in animali, qui ſine ali<lb></lb>quo motu præcedente cępiſſe videatur, eſt vnus progreſſus. </s> <s>Sed quid vetat mediusfidius hunc item <lb></lb>ab alio fieri? </s> <s>immò neceſſe eſt, vt <expan abbr="etiãſi">etiamſi</expan> animal è ſomno exurgat, nihilominus non ab abſoluta quiete <lb></lb>id faciat, ſed præceſſerit etiam phantaſiæ motus & appetitus, quæ immutantur ab ambiente, quod ha<lb></lb>bet vim obiiciendi ſenſib. imagines & ſimulachra rerum quæ cùm boni, maliúe ſpecimen præſeferant, <lb></lb>phantaſiam tangentia, deſiderium excitant in appetitu perſecutionis, aut fugę. </s> <s><expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae ad id, vt ap<lb></lb>petitus & phantaſia ſuo munere fungantur; alius etiam motus requiritur, in ſomnis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quieſcit, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>facultas; aut ſiquod eſt officium phantaſiæ, valde imperfectum eſt, & obſcurum meatib. obſtructis, p <lb></lb>quos ſpiritus, quæ ſunt animæ inſtrumenta, deuehi ſolent: quare, ſi debeat animal agitari, neceſſe eſt <lb></lb>exobſtruantur: quod ſanè fieri <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> poteſt ſine ope caloris attenuantis, rarefacientis, & diſsipantis <lb></lb>humores illos craſſos qui <expan abbr="intercipiebãt">intercipiebant</expan> meatus. </s> <s>Eſt igitur in animali quidam motus ante illum qui ab <lb></lb>interno fieri videtur. </s> <s>Sed vtrùm motus ille perpetuò præcedat nec'ne, dubitauit Simplicius, quae hic etiam <lb></lb>motus in nob. </s> <s>eſſe <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> videatur, vt ex memoria & ſpe, quæ nos certè miris agunt modis, & mul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4807"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum valent ad officia quæque præſtanda. </s> <s>quin & vbi expetamus valetudinem quæ manet in nobis, <lb></lb>nulla motio extrinſecùs antecedit. </s> <s>An etiam motiones iſtæ <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan> ab externo; quippe quae memoria & ſpes <lb></lb>ſint phantaſiæ quædam, quarum omnium ſenſus eſt initium cuius officium ſine organi affectione nul<lb></lb>lum penitus eſt, <expan abbr="longeq́">longeque</expan>. </s> <s>prius alteratio quæ fit ab ambiente, vel per ſe, quando .ſ. </s> <s>operatur per proprias <lb></lb>qualitates, velut aër calefaciens, & aqua refrigerans; vel quatenus medium, quod habet vim deferendi <lb></lb>ſpecies rerum ſenſilium quæ ſegregantur ab obiectis. </s> <s>Rurſus valetudo quæ exoptatur, aut aliunde eſt, <lb></lb>vt à medico, aut pendet ex alio, velut ex cibis, aëre & motu, aut certè ineſt in partib. ab ea ſecretis <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>appetitus ſedem facimus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> appetitus exiſtit in primo ſenſorio; valetudo verò eſt <expan abbr="inſtrumentorũ">inſtrumentorum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tamen, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi primæ motiones à continente vel per ſe, vel per accidens in homine pendeant; ob <lb></lb>id cogitur humana voluntas. </s> <s>Et quanuis ex his quæ nuper demonſtrata ſunt, aliqua ſuſpicio poſsit hę<lb></lb>rere in animis noſtris, tum etiam ex iis quæ Ariſtotele approbante poëtæ teſtantur, dicentes è re nata <lb></lb>ſapientiam augeſcere mortalib. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt humanam voluntatem cogi poſſe credamus. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſcripſit Pyr<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4808"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rhon Elienſis. <foreign lang="grc">Τοῖς ἁνθρώποισι νοῦς Γλαῦκε λεφθῖνε ὦ παῖ γὶνεται θυητοῖς ὁ κοίην ὁ ζεῦς ἐφ' ἡμέρην <lb></lb>ἄγει</foreign>. </s> <s>& ſapiens ille vates <expan abbr="afflatusq́">afflatusque</expan>. </s> <s>diuinitus cecinit. </s> <s>Diem diei eructare verbum, <expan abbr="noctemq́">noctemque</expan>. </s> <s>nocti in<lb></lb>dicare ſcientiam. </s> <s>Quin etiam, quia quod primum eſt in genere quodam, cauſſa eſt eorum, quæ ex ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4809"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſo ſunt; motus autem cęleſtis omnium primus eſſe probatur; necnon, quae cęli motus adducit & abducit <lb></lb>obiectum, vt calorem & frigus, vnde valetudinis ergo mouemur ad aſſumenda, aut deponenda veſti<lb></lb>menta, vel ad cęlum mutandum: tamen & ex iis, quæ de <expan abbr="cõtingentiæ">contingentiæ</expan> vi <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> à nob. </s> <s>diſputata ſunt, <lb></lb>& quæ poſthàc dè initiis actionis humanæ docebimus, ſtatuentes aliqua non neceſſariò fieri; ſed in no<lb></lb>bis eſſe poſita, ad ea quæ contrà dicuntur, hoc modo reſpondebimus. </s> <s>Nam damus quidem, cœlum res <lb></lb>ſenſiles offerre quæ phantaſiam, ſeu mentem ſub ſpecie boni maliúe, iucundi vel moleſti <expan abbr="cõmoueant">commoueant</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>bonum ſit duplex verum .ſ. </s> <s>& apparens, & in homine geminas facultates offendat, rationem & <lb></lb>appetitum brutum, concedimus eſſe quidem cęlum cauſſam mutationum quæ fiunt in nob. </s> <s>neque cer<lb></lb>tarum tamen ob repugnantiam dictarum facultatum, vt hoc ex illo neceſſariò conſequatur: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſę<lb></lb>pe contingit, vt propter diuerſas affectiones, quas incutit nob. </s> <s>& varijs <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modis, aliàs quìdem ſu<lb></lb>perficie tenus, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> interius, <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> afficiat potius ad hoc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud appetendum, vel repudiandum <lb></lb>nec proptereà tamen cogitur voluntas; vt etiam ſi æſtate perturbemur à calore, & <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> veſtes depo<lb></lb>nant, at miles in æſtu <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> armis iter faciet, nec eas abiiciet, & quanuis æſtu vrgente ad eas exuen<lb></lb>das incitetur; ſuperante tamen ratione, quæ ducitur ab imminente periculo vel hoſtium, vel doloris la<lb></lb>terum, veſtes tolerare conſtituet; cùm cæteroqui, ſi ſenſui cohortanti <expan abbr="obſequat̃">obſequatur</expan>, eas depoſiturus ſit. </s> <s>Ne<lb></lb>que id conuincitur ex 8. Phyſ. ſi locus diligenter exploretur. </s> <s>Nam diſſeritur de motu generatim, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4810"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> noſtram tangere confitemur, & ab alio <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> præcedente fieri, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille ſit, qui fiat in <lb></lb>ipſa, & à <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alio fiat; quem tamen certum fore negamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ea quæ Ariſtoteles approbare <lb></lb>viſus eſt à poëtis accepta, ex aliorum ſententia, non ex ſua pronuntiata ſunt. </s> <s>Primum verò in genere <lb></lb>quodam eorum eſſe cauſſas quæ ab ipſo ſunt; fatemur quidem, ſed non ſimpliciter, neque ſpeciatim & <lb></lb>definitè, ſed indefinitè, & generatim; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>& motum in animo, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille ſit, à cęli motu <expan abbr="quodã-modo">quodan<lb></lb>modo</expan> pendêre volumus; ſed hunc aut illum certum, verùm equidem non eſſe credimus. </s> <s>Sic ambiens <lb></lb>ipſum facit, vt appetitum <expan abbr="voluntatemq́">voluntatemque</expan>. </s> <s>mutemus, ac ſubinde variemus actiones: at non proptereà <lb></lb>ſtatuimus hominem ab eo cogi: quoniam ob aliud appetendum quod ſit efficacius, non obſecundare <lb></lb>poſsit iis quæ nob. </s> <s>offert cęli motus, & facilè obſtare, necnon contrauenire: vnde etiam facilè euitan<lb></lb>tur influxus illi quos aſtrorum virtuti tribui ſcimus. </s> <s>Cæterùm nos hæc omnia copioſiſsimè ſuprà: quę <lb></lb>nunc lambimus, quo ad inſtituta ratio poſtulat qua reuocari potuit in dubium, vtrùm motus ille, qui <lb></lb>fit in animali, ſine alio motu fieri queat, vt ante ipſum motus non extiterit, an potius ex alio con<lb></lb>ſequatur.</s></p> <pb pagenum="830"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4805"></margin.target>a 7. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4806"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4807"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4808"></margin.target>a 2. de ſen.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4809"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4810"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Humanarum actionum primordia veſtigantur. </s> <s>Caput X.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4811"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4811"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò quoniam de motu animalis aliqua conſtituta ſunt; nec differt motus ille quem in hoc li<lb></lb>bro tractandum ſuſcepimus cum motu animalis, vt ea quæ conſequuntur certius cognoſcantur; <lb></lb>non erit ab re, ſi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> hoc loco de principiis illius motus quem obeunt animalia, breuiter diſputemus: <lb></lb>longior <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & accuratior diſceptatio pertinet ad libros de anima. </s> <s>Quoniam verò conſtat homo è dua<lb></lb>bus naturis, quarum altera cum beſtiis ſibi communis eſt, altera verò aut ſua ipſius propria, aut ſibi <lb></lb>communis cum beatis mentibus, & cùm corporib. æternis; hominem ante oculos nobis ponamus, in <lb></lb>quo etiam <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> natura, tum bruta, tum mentis capax nobis ſeſe oſtendet. </s> <s>Hinc verò ducetur <expan abbr="exordiũ">exordium</expan> <lb></lb>noſtræ tractationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> omne quod mouetur, aut quippiam agit, id duab. de cauſsis efficere ſolet, <lb></lb>primo quidem, vt finem quendam aſſequatur, quo adepto terminum imponat ſuæ motioni, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>veluti temerarius quidam Bellerophon, id quod mouetur, aliquid <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> aggreditur, cuius finem ſeſe ade<lb></lb>pturum non ſperet, ſi ſecundùm naturam operetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter naturam affectum ſit, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> coactum: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in ſanus, aut æger ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aggredietur, quæ fieri nequeant; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deorſum præcipitabitur niſi in<lb></lb>uitus. </s> <s>Altera verò cauſſa eſt, quoniam agitur à mouente: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt ex eo genere quod appellamus ef<lb></lb>ficiens, & propriè principium, vnde motus: inter quas cauſſas ea nunc differentia ponatur: quoniam <arrow.to.target n="marg4812"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id, quod mouet tanquam finis, manet immobile, & incutiendo ſui cupidinem propter bonitatem <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>præſefert, ſeu veram ſeu ſimulatam, facit, vt appetens agatur ad ipſum conſequendum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item ab <lb></lb>alio quoquam perficitur: optimum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, & optimè ſe habet; ſed contrà perficit ea, quæ mouentur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quod autem mouet tanquam efficiens, in mouendo non omnino manet immobile, cùm <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inter mo<lb></lb>uendum moueatur, vt ſi materiam cum paſſo communem obtinuerit, aut etiam moueri poſsit: ſimpli<lb></lb>citer afficitur ab eo quod aſſequi cupit, quo etiam adepto perficitur: eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> gratia mouet; & inſtitui<lb></lb>tur ad aliud, & agit, quia non bene affectum, vt melius ſeſe habeat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ita igitur animal &, vt in propoſi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4813"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>to perſiſtam, homo ipſe duas habet ſuarum functionum cauſſas, finem ſcilicet, & efficiens: cùm verò <lb></lb>conſtet homo è duabus naturis ex bruta, & rationis compote, & <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo moueatur, tanquam <lb></lb>brutum, & dum vacante mentis officio vel ob infantiam, vel morbum, vel ebrietatem, agitur à phanta<lb></lb>ſia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam à ratione, quando iam perfectus eſt, & bene ſe habet: etiam veriſimile eſt efficiens, & fi<lb></lb>nem eſſe duplex: alterum quod phantaſiæ reſpondeat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum quod reſpiciat rationem. </s> <s>Pars il<lb></lb>la certè quæ ratione caret, ſenſu prædita eſt, quæ item quia nobis notior eſt, quàm ratione vtens, prio<lb></lb>re loco conſiderabitur. </s> <s>Illi opponitur forma aliqua ſenſilis, quemadmodum viſui color: ita verò mo<lb></lb>uet color videndi facultatem, aut ſenſum, quatenus color, aut cum alio quod item viſile ſit, ſed per ac<lb></lb>cidens, vt ſi ſpectaretur eminus album quoddam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde iudicaretur illud eſſe Socratem. </s> <s>Sicut igi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4814"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur ſenſus copulat has duas rationes albi .ſ. </s> <s>& Socratis; ſic etiam hęc duo ſimul iungit colorem, & <expan abbr="iucũ-dum">iucun<lb></lb>dum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="moleſtũ">moleſtum</expan> pro habitudine formę illius ad inſtrumentum; illum quidem iudicando gratum & <lb></lb>amicum; alterum verò <expan abbr="inſuauẽ">inſuauem</expan> & infeſtum, ſiue fiat illud iudicium à viſu, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> à ſenſu <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> per <lb></lb>viſum, nil referat in præſentia; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi <expan abbr="iucundũ">iucundum</expan> ipſum experiatur, promptè pſequitur, vbi contrà <expan abbr="mo-leſtũ">mo<lb></lb>leſtum</expan>, refugit audacter. </s> <s>iucundum verò nunc illud interpretamur, quod natiuam inſtrumenti diſpoſitio<lb></lb>nem conſeruat, aut reparat abſentem; quòd verò ad eam quæ præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſt, agit <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>: hoc <lb></lb><expan abbr="moleſtũ">moleſtum</expan> eſt, & inſuane. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <expan abbr="vniuſcuiuſq.">vniuſcuiuſque</expan> ſenſorij peculiaris quædam temperies eſt quam con<lb></lb>ſeruari oportet, & adeſt forma illi familiaris quæ vim habeat conſeruandi; cum ſenſorijs omnib. tactus <lb></lb>ſupponatur; inde eſt, vt iucundum & moleſtum in tactu maximè obſeruentur, & deinceps in guſtatu, <lb></lb>cùm & ipſe tactus quidam ſit. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt in hominibus illis quorum ratio non dum bene fue<lb></lb>rit informata; affectus illi qui pertinent ad intemperantiam, <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> efficaciſsimi ſint. </s> <s>Ergo iucundi, <expan abbr="mo-leſtiq́">mo<lb></lb>leſtique</expan>. </s> <s>iudicium compoſitio quædam eſt plurium <expan abbr="imaginũ">imaginum</expan> quæ vni <expan abbr="eidemq́">eidemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſenſili comitantur; ſed quae <lb></lb>iucundum ſit hoc, aut moleſtum; quia ducitur à natura ſenſorij, nullus error <expan abbr="cõmittitur">committitur</expan> in eo quòd iu<lb></lb>cundum, aut <expan abbr="moleſtũ">moleſtum</expan>: vtilia noxiaúe ſint, quæ offeruntur, non perſpicit ſenſus; altioris <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> facultatis, & <lb></lb>longè proſpicientis id officium eſt: quapropter eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in eo quae peccet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſicuti ſenſus in apprehenden<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4815"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do colore non decipitur, ſed in eo, quae hoc album ſit Socrates; ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae hoc iucundum ſit, cognoſcit; quae ve<lb></lb>rò vtile, aut damnoſum ſit, non facilè iudicare poteſt, & planè cæcutit. </s> <s>Quod hactenus de ſenſu decre<lb></lb>tum eſt, mirificè etiam quadrat in <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> noſtram; quando & ipſa res quæ ſub eam cadunt, & ſe<lb></lb>orſum concipit, & prętereà componit, & quemadmodum plures notiones ſimul iungit, ita rem hanc, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> boni, aut praui ratione comprehendit: <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt bonum & prauum ita ſe habeant ad in<lb></lb>telligentiam, veluti iucundum & <expan abbr="moleſtũ">moleſtum</expan> ad ſenſum. </s> <s>quamobrem ſicuti <expan abbr="iucundũ">iucundum</expan> vim habebat <expan abbr="cõſer-uandi">conſer<lb></lb>uandi</expan> ſenſum; <expan abbr="moleſtũ">moleſtum</expan> verò deprauandi; bonum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> obtinebit facultatem tuendi rationem; <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan> con<lb></lb>trà corrumpendi: quare ex bono voluptatem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> capiet quæ vera eſt, in qua humana beatitudo collo<lb></lb>catur. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quae boni duplex eſt ordo, ſiquidem <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> quo dirigitur omnis actio no<lb></lb>ſtra, hic verò Deus eſt, & id quod inſtituitur in ipſum per quod ſuccedit conſequi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, nec non vo<lb></lb>luntas per ſe ipſam ſpectari poteſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quatenus implicata <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> facultatib. ſentientib. tametſi per ſe <lb></lb>ipſam adſpirat ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> naturale <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> facultati vno determinari, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuopte impul<lb></lb>ſu contendere) tamen efficitur aliquando, vt propter aliorum ſocietatem nec Deus ipſe talis habea<lb></lb>tur, ſed pro eo aliud quiddam, nempe re amata potiri, poſsidere diuitias; efficitur etiam, vt quod ordi<lb></lb>natur ad illud, cum eo non ſit neceſſariò connexum; proptereà nec eò contendamus. </s> <s>quod eſt primum <lb></lb>bonum, nec eo contendentes aſſequamur. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc euenit, vt in ratiocinatione contingit. </s> <s>Nam <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="mẽti">menti</expan> <pb pagenum="829"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4816"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>noſtræ obijciantur prima principia, & concluſiones; ad prima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> principia naturaliter fertur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>illis aſſentit, mox iis quæ neceſſariò conſequuntur ex ipſis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt ſi non aſſentiat his, cogatur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>non aſſentire principiis. </s> <s>Quòd ſi aut non ſit aliorum neceſſaria conſecutio, aut ea non cognoſcatur à <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>& diſſentimus, & decipimur. </s> <s>Ergo quemadmodum ſenſus ſpecie recti <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> decipiebatur, ita <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ratio falli poterit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> igitur <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> ſuapte natura ſit <expan abbr="appetendũ">appetendum</expan>, & proinde finis <expan abbr="actionũ">actionum</expan> noſtrarum, <lb></lb>ex his facilè colligere eſt, quod' nam ſit id quod agit <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> finis. </s> <s>Nam quod ad <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſpectat, <lb></lb>ipſum bonum eſt, quod verò ad ſenſum, eſt iucundum: aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> his contraria, ſed illa excitabunt ad proſe<lb></lb>cutionem, hæc verò fugabunt. </s> <s>Cęterùm quemadmodum in formis ipſis duæ ſeſe rationes <expan abbr="offerũt">offerunt</expan> quas <lb></lb>aduertamus: altera qua cum ſenſum, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mentem afficiunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera qua <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> alliciunt, & in<lb></lb>uitant, aut contrà arcent, & repellunt: duæ <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> facultates numerantur quæ pro ratione geminę huic <lb></lb><expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> rationi reſpondeant. </s> <s>Prima quidem natura cui <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> <expan abbr="demandatũ">demandatum</expan> eſt quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ver<lb></lb>ſetur in notitia rerum ſenſilium, ſenſus appellatur; altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mens, cuius item officia duo ſunt, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb></lb>quidem ſpectandi rerum eſſentias, quod contemplatio vocatur: & alterum conſeruandi naturam hu<lb></lb>manam quod actio dicitur: altera verò quæ nominatur appetens, de qua generatim antea diſputatum <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oſtenſum eo nomine ſignificari propenſionem ad bonum, & perfectionem quam certè omnia <lb></lb>ſuaptè natura percupiunt, & priuata quærunt. </s> <s>vbi aſſecuta ſunt, volunt conſeruari, conſeruantur <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4817"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex eorum præſentia quæ ſunt ſecundùm naturam, & abſentia eorum quæ præter naturam. </s> <s>Idcirco ſic <lb></lb>definiuit appetitum Ariſtoteles facultatem qua ſectamur, aut vitamus id quod eſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>aut quod eam corrumpit. </s> <s>Nunc quoniam Deus ſolus inter omnia ſupremum ſibi gradum perfectio<lb></lb>nis vendicat, quin eſt ipſa rerum omnium perfectio, & conſummatio, <expan abbr="nulliusq́">nulliusque</expan>. </s> <s>rei, quæ extra ipſum <lb></lb>ſit, indigus eſt, in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> appetitum ex cogitare difficile eſt, aut ſiquo pacto poteſt in eo poni appeti<lb></lb>tus eſt ſui ipſius duntaxat, quia ſolus ſeipſum explere poteſt. </s> <s>quapropter etiam <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> mutationis ex<lb></lb>pers eſt, quam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> appetens vel Ariſt. </s> <s>auctore vitare poteſt, ab omnibus autem aliis eſt appetendus. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eſſe apperens, aut appetendum complectitur omnia genera rerum:<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> idcirco in omnibus aliis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4818"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ineſt præter ipſum, quæ quoniam aut imperfecta ſint, aut quòd ſummam perfectionem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerint ad<lb></lb>huc adepta: vel quia non acquieſcant ei quam obtinuerunt, idcirco appetunt. </s> <s>Hic propemodum infi<lb></lb>nitus eſt in materia, quæ cùm per ſe ſit informis, omnib. formis ſe cupit informati. </s> <s>ſecundus gradus eſt <lb></lb>inanimorum qui eſt ad conſeruationem proprij loci quem per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> aſſequuntur, ſi carent, ſi iam poſ<lb></lb>ſident; ibi manent ſecundùm naturam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inde, niſi vi illata queunt abſtrahi. </s> <s>Tertius gradus eſt plan<lb></lb>tarum qui ad propagationem ſpeciei contendit; & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> omnes iſti appetitus ſine cognitione ſunt; <lb></lb>vocantur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> naturales: etenim ſine cognitione natura operatur auctore Philoſopho. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Adeſt præte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4819"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reà appetitus animalis, cui cognitio ſupponitur, qui eò cæteris nobilior, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectior eſt, quò <expan abbr="ſubſtã-">ſubſtan<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4820"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia ipſa appetens ſublimior eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> præſtantior: ſummi boni appetitus in beatis mentib. optimus eſt, <lb></lb>& ille quidem in intelligentia manet, in qua ſanè re Deum ad primè imitantur: <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>optima ſit ea vi<lb></lb>tę conditio, vt in melius tranſire non poſsit, ſemper eundem ſeruat tenorem. </s> <s>huic ſuccedit appetitus, <lb></lb>qui comitatur corpori cęleſti, qui item in eo poſitus eſt, quòd cęlum Deo ſimile reddatur, quantum fie<lb></lb>ri poteſt, intelligedo'ne an per naturam, poſteà tractabimus; ſed planè motu ipſo qui eſt modus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <lb></lb>imperfectior imitandi, quandò eſt imitatio rei prorſus immobilis per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; veruntamen inter imitatio<lb></lb>nes rerum <expan abbr="corporearũ">corporearum</expan> optimè conditionis: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perpetua functio exiſtit, nec cum <lb></lb>vlla loci mutatione. </s> <s>Proximè ab hoc eſt appetitus humanus, qui duplex eſt, & brutus, & rationis par<lb></lb>ticeps, poſtremus brutus ipſe per ſe eſt qui ſolum ſpectat voluptatem & dolorem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam eſt, aut præter naturam corporis ipſius. </s> <s>Sed miſſa bruti. </s> <s>ſpeculatione ſeorſum: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ad hoc tempus, de coniuncto dicamus poſthac, & eius functiones ſedulò exponamus: nanque hoc eſt <lb></lb>huius ſcriptionis ac temporis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4812"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4813"></margin.target>a 12. p. </s> <s>p. <lb></lb>T. 55.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4814"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4815"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4816"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4817"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4818"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4819"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>ſpir. c. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4820"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum motiones in homine obeantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4821"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4821"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOMO ipſe, quemadmodum conſtat è duab. partib. appetitu etiam præditus eſt, qui licèt ſit pro<lb></lb>penſio quædam naturalis ad ſuam perfectionem; attamen & ipſe geminus eſt: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poſitus eſt in <lb></lb>mente, qui Græcè voluntas dicitur à conſilio <foreign lang="grc">βούλησις ἀπὸ τῆς βουλῆς</foreign>. </s> <s>quia .ſ. </s> <s>cogitatione & conſilio in<lb></lb>nitatur, Latinè quaſi dixeris à voluendo; quia multa cogitando voluantur <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc bonum ſuaptè na<lb></lb>tura intuetur; aut etiam manet in ſenſu, qui ad iucundum prorſus propendet, cuius item partes duæ <lb></lb>ſunt, <foreign lang="grc">ἐπιθυμὶα</foreign>, cupiditatem Latini appellant, quæ eſt appetitus rerum, quę pertinent ad corpus, cibi <expan abbr="ve-nerisq́">ve<lb></lb>nerisque</expan>. </s> <s>& illorum <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> in quorum vſu moderato temperantia verſatur: & <foreign lang="grc">θυμὸς</foreign>, animum ego vo<lb></lb>co, qui ſolùm in perfectiorib. reperitur. </s> <s>eſt autem appetitus quidam exuperantiæ, in cuius item vſu <expan abbr="tẽ-perato">tem<lb></lb>perato</expan> poſitæ ſunt reliquæ virtutes morales. </s> <s>Homo igitur cum duab. iſtis naturis conſiſtat, neceſſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vt aut alteri, aut <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> humanarum actionum origo, tanquam efficienti tribuatur: atque id modò <lb></lb>nobis ſpectandum proponitur. </s> <s>In primis igitur perſpicuum illud eſt, actiones omnes ad ſingularia per<lb></lb>tinere quæ quidem per ſe tentant ſenſum; inde per phantaſiam ad mentem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> diffundunt ſuas ima<lb></lb>gines, quæ ab accipiente facultate phantaſmata nuncupantur, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>cum boni, maliúe ſpecie præſentan<lb></lb>tur: hinc perſecutio & fuga: ita, vt mens illud boni maliúe concipiat quod in phantaſmatib. ineſt; & <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> de illis iudicium tulit, homo ipſe ad aſſequendum, aut declinandum excitetur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan> <lb></lb>vtitur ipſa phantaſia, vt id iudicet quod inſtat tunc, ſed vt etiam quodam pacto de bono illo <expan abbr="maloq́">maloque</expan>. <pb pagenum="830"></pb>quod nondum ſeſe obtulit ſenſibus, argumentetur; quin coniuncturam faciat de futuro; & prout id vi<arrow.to.target n="marg4822"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſum fuerit, aut fugiat, aut perſequatur. </s> <s>vtputa ſi noctu laternam ardentem cernam; hoc certè viſu diſpi<lb></lb>cio: cùm verò eam ſic, aut aliter moueri videam, auxilio phantaſia: illam hoſtium eſſe percipio; hoc au<lb></lb>tem cognito ſtatim inſtruo me ad propugnandum: de futuro verò, vt ſiquis oret me, vt ſibi filium com<lb></lb>mittam, vt in militiam proficiſcatur, cùm incepero ſpectare, quid commodi, incommodiúe immineat, <lb></lb>ſi mentis acie perſpexero miſerrimè belli <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> oppeti, aut duci in ſeruitutem: <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> verò filio meo <lb></lb>poſſe euenire, cùm habeam pro malo, non permittam: quòd ſi contra mihi ſeſe obiiciat pulchrum eſ<lb></lb>ſe pro patria mori; fines imperij latius propagari; & inde comparari ſummos honores; cùm id bonum <lb></lb>videatur, vt militatum eat, concedam. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc totius conſultationis origo eſt, conſiderare videlicet, <lb></lb>quid ex eo ſequatur, quod tu gerere inſtitueris, quod in phantaſia poſitum eſt, & prout id quod ex eo <lb></lb>contingere poteſt, bonum videbitur, aut <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan>, <expan abbr="iucundũ">iucundum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="moleſtũ">moleſtum</expan>; ita exſequi cogitata, & aut aggre<lb></lb>di <expan abbr="ceptũ">ceptum</expan> alacriter, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> abſtinere ſapienter. </s> <s><expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt via, & ratio; qua <expan abbr="auferũtur">auferuntur</expan> impedimenta quæ <lb></lb>negociis obſtant, & conſilia <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> illa è medio tollamus. </s> <s>Ex quo concludere perbellè poſſumus, men<lb></lb>tem <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in nobis excitare poſſe, niſi iuncta <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> phantaſia faciat ſuum munus; & de hoc profectò <lb></lb>admirabilis eſt concordia inter Peripateticos. </s> <s>Illud quidem apud <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> philoſophiæ proceres Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem, & Platonem dubium fuit, vtrùm mens de qua <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adhuc diſputatum eſt, ſit principium mo<lb></lb>tus necne: eam eſſe Plato aſſerebat, vbi iam foret in homine perfecto: nam pueris <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> prorſus negat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4823"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="vterq.">vterque</expan> Philoſophus, aut actu ſaltem, aut vbi impediretur, & offuſcaretur, quemadmodum in ebriis, & <lb></lb>mentecaptis; tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nil operatur, ſed phantaſia duntaxat à qua bruta omnia generatim mouentur. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb>rumenimuero hoc falſum experimur in eo, qui dicitur incontinens: nam video meliora <expan abbr="proboq́">proboque</expan>. </s> <s>dete<lb></lb>riora ſequor, illa dicebat. </s> <s>Mens quidem hîc bonum illud eſſe iudicat: at appetitus brutus aliud iubet <lb></lb>quod eſt illi repugnans. </s> <s>Supereſſet igitur appetitum fore cauſſam motus. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita prorſus eſt, <lb></lb>velut in continente apparet, qui quidem appetit ſanè, verùm ſe temperat, nec quicquam agit, quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>& mors vicinorum terret ęgros edaces, & intemperantes, <expan abbr="eosq́">eosque</expan>. </s> <s>cogit ab iis abſtinere quæ febrem <expan abbr="alũt">alunt</expan>, <lb></lb>& fouent, & operam dare valetudini, <expan abbr="demumq́">demumque</expan>. </s> <s>medico obtemperare vnde & ita dictum eſt à poëta</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4822"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4823"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>-auidos vicinum funus vt ægros. </s> <s></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<emph type="italics"></emph>Exanimat, <expan abbr="montisq́">montisque</expan>. </s> <s>motu ſibi parcere cogit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>& ego in medio febris incendio frigidam cupiebam, mortis tamen formidine parcebam. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>dicimus, etiam ſi mens illa ſit quæ iudicium ferat de re bona, aut mala, quam practicam vocamus; & <lb></lb>quanuis illa ſemper aliquem finem reſpiciat extra ſe, quo differt à contemplante, cuius finis in ipſa col<lb></lb>locatur, ex quo ij qui contemplationi vacant, ocioſi vulgo putantur, per ſe ipſa tamen non ſufficit ad <lb></lb>exhibendum impetum, ſiue impulſum homini acturo: verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam ſine mente aut phantaſia, vbi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4824"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut abſit mens, aut præſens impediatur, appetitus ipſe ſolus motionem præſtaret: ita dicemus <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <lb></lb>principium ſimul operari, & eſſe neceſſarium ad efficiendam motionem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> in hoc puto diſcordes <lb></lb>fore Platonem & Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Sed quod' nam è duob. </s> <s>hiſce principiis actionum humanarum præci<lb></lb>puum ſit, extat certè magna controuerſia, <expan abbr="cuiusq́">cuiusque</expan>. </s> <s>exitus non facilè reperiri poteſt: hoc tamen mihi ma<lb></lb>gis probatur, eo recepto, quòd tam mens practica, quàm appetitus ad quendam finem inſtituta ſint; <lb></lb>ſed mens ad intelligendum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen ſimpliciter vt contemplans, ſed officij gratia; appetitus autem <lb></lb>ad appetendum. </s> <s>Siquis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> planè perſpiceret vim eius quod appetendum eſt, qui verus eſt, & præci<lb></lb>puus finis motus, & actionis humanæ, cerneret apertiſsimè in eo vim <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> eſſe collocatam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe ſimul quod appeteretur, & ſub intelligentiam caderet, tanquam ædificium, quod eſt ædificantis <lb></lb>ipſius finis, ſed vnà item eſt principium omnis eius ratiocinationis quæ de illo <expan abbr="ędificãdo">ędificando</expan> componitur, <lb></lb>architectis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> delineandi, & commodè diſponendi partes ædificij, accerſendi fabros & <expan abbr="cemẽtarios">cementarios</expan>; <lb></lb>domino autem parandi certas pecunias. </s> <s>Cùm igitur idem appetendum ſit initium mouendi <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>inuentionis principium, ex hoc efficitur, vt mens practica, & appetitus ad efficiendum motum <lb></lb>eo certè ordine conueniant, vt id quod primò mouet, appetendum ſit: & cùm ſui cupidinem incuſſerit <lb></lb>nobis ſeipſo potiendi, incitet mentem ad ſui adeptionem obiiciendo media quæ ad ipſum comparan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4825"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum idonea ſint, & ſubminiſtrando notionem illam, vnde initium noſtrarum actionum ſumi poſsit: <lb></lb>ita vt mens agendo miniſtra ſit appetitus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc Ariſtotelis expreſſa videtur eſſe ſententia, cui ſub<lb></lb>ſcribunt philoſophi celebriores, & ad eius confirmationem adiiciunt duas rationes, meo quidem iudi<lb></lb>cio, magni momenti. </s> <s>Primam, quæ eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Id ſuperius eſt, quod præſcribit & præfinit quid, & <lb></lb>quemadmodum agendum ſit: ſed id efficit appetitus, ſi cum mente conferatur; quandoquidem inge<lb></lb>nium praxeos infinitum eſt, ſiue exitum reſpicias, ſiue etiam ea quæ ad exitum ipſum perducunt, <expan abbr="ideo-q́ue">ideo<lb></lb>que</expan> non magis ad hoc, quàm ad hoc inſtituta. </s> <s>quapropter ad efficiendum motum eam ad certum <lb></lb>quippiam apparari oportet, vt decernat quid agendum, & ad hoc magis, quàm ad illud conuerti: <lb></lb>aliter epoche illa illuderetur, quam ambiguitatem Latinè dicere poſſumus, patrio verò ſermone ir<lb></lb>reſolutionem vocamus: appetitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ille eſt qui præfinit, & in propoſito certo confirmat, cùm ſic age<lb></lb>re iubeat; quoniam placet hoc. </s> <s>idcircò nos accuſantes homines incerti conſilij, dicere conſueuimus eos <lb></lb>in contemplatione tempus inſumere; quia tum agant per infinitam illam cognitionem, agendi <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>voluntas abſit. </s> <s>Altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ratio talis erat. </s> <s>Quoniam melius erat bene eſſe, quàm eſſe ſolùm; mens verò <lb></lb>eſt rerum, quatenus ſunt; at appetitus, quatenus bonæ ſunt: appetitus igitur eſt rerum meliorum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ſit mens quòd ſi virtutes ſuam nobilitatem per ſcopum, & obiectum conſequuntur; neceſſe eſt aſſeue<lb></lb>rare appetitum longè meliorem eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mentem. </s> <s>Hæc iam recitatæ ſententię fauent. </s> <s>Verùm quia mihi <pb pagenum="831"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4826"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>videtur hic eſſe punctus totius ſpeculationis quę de mente practica exiſtit, & magni certè ponderis in <lb></lb>vniuerſa methodo cum de anima, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> morali & hac noſtra, qua motus initia perquirimus. </s> <s>hîc eſt, <lb></lb>quod tantiſper inſiſtamus, & philoſophemur: <expan abbr="aliamq́">aliamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> tuendi humanæ actionis initia ex Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis placito colligamus. </s> <s>Dicimus igitur appetitum tam rationis participem, quàm brutum, nihil cer<lb></lb>tè poſſe velle, in prius id, tanquam bonum, aut iucundum fuerit conceptum; ad quod diiudicandum <lb></lb>practicæ mentis opera, aut ſaltem phantaſiæ requiritur, quæ cùm iudicandi facultatem habeant, appe<lb></lb>titui ſubiiciunt appetendæ rei ſpeciem, aut <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="iucundã">iucundam</expan>; & quaſi dictant hoc eſſe bonum, malum <lb></lb>illud; & id iucundum, aliud verò moleſtum; hoc agendum, illud prætermittendum. </s> <s>Cùm hæ <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſpe<lb></lb>cies obiectę fuerint appetitui; quoniam gratæ ſint, aut bonæ, <expan abbr="ipſeq́">ipſeque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuapte natura ad bonum, aut iucun<lb></lb>dum, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ad ſuam <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> inclinetur; agitur; vt ipſum aſſequatur, & in eiuſmodi fine acquieſcat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò finis hic extra ipſum poſitus ſit, eget auxilio medij cuiuſdam exterioris, vt eo potiatur: ideò <lb></lb>ſe quodammodo conuertit ad mentem, <expan abbr="eiq́">eique</expan>. </s> <s>iubet, vt apparet idonea inſtrumenta <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cupidinem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <lb></lb>ſatiare, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> explere poſsit, non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mea quidem ſententia, faciant pater & gnatus: ſuadet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pa<lb></lb>ter filio, vt litteris operam det: etenim eſſe bonum, quandò & vtile, & honeſtum ſit; cùm diuitiæ per lit<lb></lb>teras parentur, & optimi gradus in patria per litteras ſæpiſsimè adepti ſint: excitat igitur in eo ſtudium <lb></lb><expan abbr="tractãdi">tractandi</expan> litteras, qui <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> amore litterarum inflammatus eſt, ad patrem ſe conuertit, & poſtulat, vt ap<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4827"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>paret libros, & cætera curet quæ ad id pertinet, vt voti compos fiat, quia litteris operam nauare cupit: <lb></lb>pater <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſe cum videat id à filio expeti, incipit agere ea quæ gnati ſtudiis in ſeruire poſsint, & omnia <lb></lb><expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> præſtat quibus eius deſiderium expleatur. </s> <s>Siquis igitur acutius introſpiciat hunc progreſſum, <lb></lb>facilè <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> intelliget ordinem qui inter mentem, & appetitum intercedit. </s> <s>quis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neget patrem impe<lb></lb>rium habere in filium, & <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> non imperare? </s> <s>ſiquidem monitio quædam ſpecies imperij <lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>Sed quis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> negare audebit initium huiuſce motionis, & eiuſmodi apparatus à filio proficiſci? </s> <s>nam <lb></lb>ſi filio ſtudia non placuiſſent, pater aliò ſe conuerteret, & ipſum negligeret; nec quicquam aliud cura<lb></lb>ret quod ad ſtudia pertinere poſſet. </s> <s>Verùm tametſi filius eſt, vnde initia agendi ſumuntur, ipſe etiam <lb></lb>quieuiſſet, ni pater ipſi quæ opus ſunt, apparaſſet, poſtquàm ad litteras inflammarat. </s> <s>Quocirca ſi regu<lb></lb>la illa vera eſt, id vnde origo, & fons motus exiſtit, mouere potius, & principalius, ipſe etiam pater il<lb></lb>lius motus auctor optimo iure putabitur, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>potior, quàm ſit filius: ac totum conſilium eſt pri<lb></lb>ma illa actio patris: vbi iam ad actionem deuenire oportebit, erit filius cauſſa propinquior: ab eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>decreto apparatus omnes ad ſtudia pendent: omnium propinquiſsima, cùm apparat, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ad finem <lb></lb>aſſequendum opus eſt. </s> <s>Ita dicimus mentem practicam, aut phantaſiam eſſe præcipua mouentia, cùm <lb></lb>excitent in appetitu huius, aut illius rei deſiderium; ſed appetitus eſt propinquior cauſſa motus: nam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4828"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mente ipſa ociante, nil appetitus approbaſſet, nec niſi approbaſſet, mens aliquid inſtituiſſet, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>in cauſſa fuit, vt Ariſt. 3. de An. diſſerturus de facultate motrice per quam impellitur animal ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; <lb></lb>priores partes motus appetitui, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> menti demandarit: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quicquam agitat mens, niſi induca<lb></lb>tur ab appetitu, ſed cogitat <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>. </s> <s>Sic igitur de primis cauſsis motus animalis in præſentia decernamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4824"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4825"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4826"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4827"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4828"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Enarratur ordo principiorum mouentium in animali. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVNTAMEN & aliud in explicatione rei noſtræ præſtandum eſt, vt poſtquàm iudicium <lb></lb>anteceſsit, & iam decretum eſt, quid agendum; doceamus item, quemadmodum ad actum ſecun<lb></lb>dùm facultas mouendi traducatur; vt iam vel partes corporis agitare, vel etiam mutare locum appa<lb></lb>reat animal, id verò ex illis, quæ multò antea conſtituta ſunt, & quæ mox ſubiungemus, facilè intellige<lb></lb>tur: ſegregantur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpecies à formis ſenſilib. & cùm diuiduè conſiſterent in ſubiecto, à medio citra ma<lb></lb>teriæ ſordes acceptæ in quo poteſtas exiſtit, ad eas in obiecti præſentia conſeruandas, immutant <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſorium quod eſt eiuſdem generis, & medium conſimili alterationis modo, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> cum anima ip<lb></lb>ſa coniungantur, quæ extremum eſt, & quo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in orbis centrum; vniuerſa ſenſoria deſinunt. </s> <s>ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>centro vniuerſæ lineæ terminantur quę à circunferentia directò ducuntur ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>; ita & omnia ſenſo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4829"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ria ad primum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> in quo, velut in arce reſidet anima, procedunt. </s> <s>Cæterùm ſpecies ſenſorio non mo<lb></lb>do affert alterationem illam, quæ perficit; verumetiam corrumpendo immutat, non ſanè quae qualitas <lb></lb>quædam ſit cui quippiam ſit contrariorum, quæ radix eſt omnis interitus; ſed quoniam eius habet <foreign lang="grc">ἐν<lb></lb>τελέχειαν</foreign>,<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt etiam dum ſenſili abſente adhuc in phantaſia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> memoria conſeruatur; vires <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4830"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>retineat: proinde & dum ſenſile præſens eſt, calefacit ſpecies & refrigerat, vel per ſe, vel per accidens, <lb></lb>nil referat nunc, & ita variis modis afficiens animal, ipſi etiam motus exhibet innumerabiles. </s> <s>Ex hoc <lb></lb>item efficitur, vt animal in abſentia ſenſilis per phantaſiam agatur, & ex memoria moueatur admira<lb></lb>biliter. </s> <s>Quæ quidem ratio mouendi, dum à ſpecie proficiſcitur, quatenus afficit organa ſenſus, repoſi<lb></lb>ta eſt à nob. </s> <s>in genere efficientis; quatenus autem exhibet ſtatum naturæ contrarium, aut naturalem, <lb></lb>iucunda, moleſtaúe, bona, noxiaúe cùm ſit; expetitur, aut repudiatur; collocata eſt in genere finis: eius <lb></lb>enim <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan> vna eſt, eſſe bonum, & <expan abbr="expetendũ">expetendum</expan>: bonum verò eſt adipiſci quod iuuet, & euitare quod <lb></lb>noceat. </s> <s>Illa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> commotio, vbi ad <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> permanauit, iudicatur, & appetitui ſimul exponitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> verò <lb></lb>talis forma vim habeat <expan abbr="immutãdi">immutandi</expan> primum <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan>, ex eo fit, vt appetitio, mox animę excogitatio, ſiue <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ὁρμὴ</foreign>, & impulſus ex imperio quod habet in formas, & inſtrumenta, ſuboriatur, & ab his motio pro<lb></lb>ximè conſequatur; niſi quid aliud efficacius impediat. </s> <s>Primum hoc ſenſorium eſt velut animal quod<lb></lb>dam paruum, à cęteris partibus ſecretum, nec abſolutè continuum, ſed adnexum: quamobrem neque <pb pagenum="832"></pb><expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> motu prorſus cum cęteris agitatur: quo fit, vt animal verè vnum non ſit merito materię, ſed actu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4831"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> partem per ſe mouentem, & alteram per ſe <expan abbr="motã">motam</expan> <expan abbr="diuidat̃">diuidatur</expan>; vnum tamen ſit per copulationem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex eo igitur quae primum hoc <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan> quod à cęteris partibus quodammodo ſeparatum eſt, à ſpecie per <lb></lb><expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> afficitur, etiam <expan abbr="conſtringit̃">conſtringitur</expan> aut dilatatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò te decipiat opinio fortè <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, vt credas <lb></lb><expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> eſſe hunc <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eum qui efficit pulſum: manet pulſus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in motibus à ſpecie factis, ſed eſt <lb></lb>motus factus in extrema tunica cordis, in qua exiſtit ille alter motus qui <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> palpitatio, quae verò cętera <lb></lb>inſtrumenta ſibi, vel proximè, vel per ſpiritus adnexa ſunt; inde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt, vt vnà cum ipſo agitentur, <lb></lb>& ex certo <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> motu animal <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> totum locum <expan abbr="cõmutet">commutet</expan>. </s> <s>In eo verò motu præſtando plurium <expan abbr="mo-uentiũ">mo<lb></lb>uentium</expan> ſeries intercedit: ſiquidem & ſpecies moueat, & anima moueat, cuius partes duæ ſunt, quæ ad <lb></lb>hoc ipſum munus ſpectant; appetitus, & mens, ſeu <expan abbr="phãtaſia">phantaſia</expan>, & moueat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> primum ſenſorium ſpiritus <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueant & alia quædam inſtrumenta. </s> <s>Sed ſpecies ita mouet, vt in mouendo, & efficiendo <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> animalem, qua animalis eſt, maneat immobilis; verum ſic vt ſpecies, hoc eſt, vt eius imago cuius gra<lb></lb>tia fit motus, ſed anima tali ſpecie informata. </s> <s>dum appetit, efficit motum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen vt verè mouens; <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan> eſſe oportet, vbi præſertim forma ſit organica, & corporea, ſed quae <lb></lb>ſpecies <expan abbr="cõcepta">concepta</expan>, & expetita vim habet immutandi ex neceſsitate <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> illam primam, in qua reſidet ani<lb></lb>ma, ſeu ſit cor ſiue aliud <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> cuius magnitudo lateat, hinc per <expan abbr="contactũ">contactum</expan> quod <expan abbr="efficiẽtium">efficientium</expan> <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4832"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> motus reliquis partibus corporis, & proinde toti, quæ partes <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> ſolùm, nec am<lb></lb>plius <expan abbr="mouẽt">mouent</expan> <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> internum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non ſpecies, ſed anima <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan> mouere, quandò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſpecies per ſe <expan abbr="ìpsã">ìpsam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed quatenus concepta ſic moueat, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> animæ proxima vis mouendi tribuitur, cum prima & præci<lb></lb>pua ſpeciei concedatur, ſed ea finis rationem præſefert: ac ſiquid aliud moueat, id extra animal exiſtit <lb></lb>quod vel <foreign lang="grc">παθητικῶς</foreign>, ideſt, patibiliter immutans pro efficiente habeatur, vel vt bonum, malumúe co<lb></lb>gnitum reipſa ſit finis, cuius imago eſt ſpecies, quæ iam eſt in anima. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt clarius & breuius omnia <lb></lb>tibi pandam. </s> <s>Accipe tria motus eſſe principia, mouens immobile, mouens quod <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, & quod mo<lb></lb>uetur ſolùm: eæ ſunt corporis partes, ſed quod ad alia pertinet, memento duplicem eſſe ordinem <expan abbr="mo-uentiũ">mo<lb></lb>uentium</expan>, primum qui finis eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> qui eſt efficientis, & <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> duo membra extare, vt quo, & vt <lb></lb>quod eo tamen ordine, vt primum quod extra eſt, ſit quod mouet, vt finis, veluti balneum, ſpecies eius <lb></lb>animo concepta vt per quod; mox in ordine efficientium, anima quæ eſt forma, per quod, vt quod ve<lb></lb>rò primum <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan>, quod <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſt, & cui propriè tribuitur actio. </s> <s>Cùm etenim in viuente ſit du<lb></lb>plex officium, alterum quod eſt naturale: nam conſtat <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> viuens ex elementis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eſt <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan> per<lb></lb>turbationi naturali: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod iam reſpicit <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>: proinde Ariſt. </s> <s>illi motui qui fit à ſenſili, qua<lb></lb>tenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, ſupponebat affectionem <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, & in animali <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> obſeruabat: alteram <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>quæ ab anima pullularet, & in homine <expan abbr="participẽ">participem</expan> rationis appellabat: alteram verò, quia corpore fun<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4833"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>daretur, rationis expertem eſſe volebat. </s> <s>cùm, inquàm, in viuente ſit officium duplex; etiam <expan abbr="mouẽtium">mouentium</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="mobiliumq́">mobiliumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio varia ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> in anima finis eſt ſpecies quoad tum aliquid <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> prę<lb></lb>ſentat, quę tum mouet, cum tangit <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan>, & <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> finis ratio deducitur: nam ſic afficit, & excitat <lb></lb>appetitum, quà boni, maliúe, iucundi, vel moleſti ſpecimen edit. </s> <s>Hinc ad efficientia peruenitur; quo<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> phantaſia, vel mens quæ <foreign lang="grc">τελειωτικῶς</foreign>, & ambigua mutatione affecta formam <expan abbr="cõmunicat">communicat</expan> <lb></lb>primo ſenſorio; ſecundum ab hac, vel per hanc <expan abbr="cõcitatum">concitatum</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ſenſorium, vel agens ſpiritus, vel par<lb></lb>tes contiguas à proximis <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad remotas. </s> <s>Quæ verò ſupra hæc mouent, cùm afficiant & corrumpant, <lb></lb>omni munere animi circunſcripto (nam ſic appetenda ſunt, quatenus animæ <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, vel iucundum ali<lb></lb>quid offerunt & præſtant) efficiendi ſanè vim habent, ſed naturaliter afficiunt, & pertinent ad illud <lb></lb>potentiæ genus quod rationis expers habetur. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne verò <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> temporis interuallo, an puncto <lb></lb>partes extremæ concitentur, aliud certè negocium, veruntamen vt facilè tranſigi poſſe videatur. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſi per ſpiritus ille motus exercetur; cùm & ipſi corpus ſint, licèt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="mobiliſsimũ">mobiliſsimum</expan>; etiam tempore ali<lb></lb>quo <expan abbr="moueant̃">moueantur</expan> oportet, ſed illo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> tam modico, vt lateat ſenſum. </s> <s>quae ſi per partes, vt per neruos obea<lb></lb>tur, quia continuæ ſint; vnus <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> motus eſſe poteſt; ideo & in inſtanti vim <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> non repu<lb></lb>to abſurdum. </s> <s>Nam ſicut idem <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan> temporis eſt quo <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> calami & <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> agitantur; ſic etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4834"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in animalis partibus vſu euenire puto. </s> <s>Si quis autem dubitet, an'ne primum <expan abbr="ſenſoriũ">ſenſorium</expan> primum ſit in ge<lb></lb>nere cauſſæ efficientis, & ſpecies ſit finis, vel ex eo perſuaderi poterit quod ex cauſſarum characteribus <lb></lb>& notis apparet: more conſueto philoſophis qui ex <expan abbr="locutionũ">locutionum</expan> formulis de <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> habent ſigulę cauſſæ notas ſui proprij modi, de qua re ſuperius olim ſatis copiosè <expan abbr="diſputatũ">diſputatum</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>inter eas finis eſt, eius nota cuius gratia, vel propter quod efficientis character, vnde <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus, <lb></lb>& in <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> genere prius & poſterius, propinquis ac remotius eſſe contingit quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eodem chara<lb></lb>ctere exprimatur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> quærimus de efficiente ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ſenſorium peruenimus in ordine <expan abbr="cor-porũ">cor<lb></lb>porum</expan>, in ordine verò facultatum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="mẽtem">mentem</expan>: ſemper agendo de animalis motu. </s> <s>qua<lb></lb>tenus animal eſt, <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ab hac ſpeculatione ſeuocando, quicquid vltrà quæritur, non <lb></lb>amplius ad hoc genus cauſſæ pertinebit, ſed in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> tranſiliet. </s> <s>Etenim ſi quærat quiſpiam, quo ſit per<lb></lb>cuſſus Archilochus, fuſte reſpondebo; vnde motus eſt fuſtis? </s> <s>ab Homero dicam. </s> <s>Si rurſus inſtes <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſubiiciam quòd fuerit iratus; iam hoc eſt affectus, qui ex boni maliúe conceptione ſuboritur, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> na<lb></lb>ſcitur à phantaſia, vel mente in primo ſenſorio. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ira ſanguinis feruor in corde ex iniuria, quæ mali <lb></lb><expan abbr="moleſtiq́">moleſtique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> præſefert. </s> <s>Si quæras iterum, vnde ira fuerit excitata; nil habebo profectò quod in <expan abbr="eo-dẽ">eo<lb></lb>dem</expan> genere amplius afferre poſsim, ſed in aliud protinus <expan abbr="tranſiliã">tranſiliam</expan> quod eſt gratia cuius, quia .ſ. </s> <s>appetitus <lb></lb>ab eo ſit, & laceratus iambis, quod cum <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan> reputarit, repellere voluit, & vlciſci. </s> <s>Hîc iam appetitus <pb pagenum="833"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4835"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="finiſq́">finiſque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio continetur. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquando ab hoc <expan abbr="cõmotum">commotum</expan> eſſe dixeris, quod valet ad ſignificandum ef<lb></lb>ficiens; iam hîc abuſus fueris nota quæ talis cauſſæ propria foret: cuius rei <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, quòd illi optimè con<lb></lb>uenit character, quo finis exprimi conſueuit: nempè, vt repellat iniuriam. </s> <s>Sic à ſpecie per <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> na<lb></lb>ſcitur alteratio cum naturalis, tum animalis, tum vt à fine ſub <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> boni & iucundi, tum ab efficiente, <lb></lb>ſub <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, qua <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> & frigus afferre <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vnde <expan abbr="excitat̃">excitatur</expan> motus in primo ſenſorio: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> non eſt ille mo<lb></lb>tus ad locum, quia locus per ſe non <expan abbr="mutat̃">mutatur</expan>, ſed veſtigium <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, ſeu potius <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> retinet talis motus, <lb></lb>dum <expan abbr="contrahit̃">contrahitur</expan> videlicet, & dilatatur; ex hoc proximè ſequitur corporis vniuerſi motus, quem propriè <lb></lb>progreſſum nominamus. </s> <s>Idcircò ad <expan abbr="tuendã">tuendam</expan> ſubitam partium, <expan abbr="totiuſq́">totiuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>, non eſt quae confugia<lb></lb>mus, quod medicus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> facit, ad id quae ea virtus incorporea ſit, & afficiat partes, quemadmodum lux <lb></lb>afficit pellucidum. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> verò de motus initio noui exortam eſſe diſcordiam inter Platonem & Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem, nihilominus hîc accipio tale eſſe cor; id quod aliàs ſeorſum explorabo diligenter. </s> <s>Poſtulant <lb></lb>enim hæc peculiarem tractationem, & <expan abbr="longiorẽ">longiorem</expan> ſermonem, cui nunc parcendum eſſe iudico; cùm tale <lb></lb>inſtitutum ſit operæ cuiuſdam maioris, quàm quiſpiam fortaſſe ſuſpicetur, ſed planè fuerat attingen<lb></lb>dum, vt optimè primordia motus cęleſtis exquiri poſſent.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4829"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4830"></margin.target>a Li. </s> <s>de mo<lb></lb>tu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4831"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4832"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4833"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4834"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4835"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Examinantur argumenta oppoſita, & libertatis humanæ principia ſtatuuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4836"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4836"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>REDEO nunc ad argumenta Græcorum, vt oſtendam ab iis nulla ex parte labefactari ſententiam <lb></lb>noſtram: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ea perpendenda ſunt; præſertim quae parùm, aut nihil à Bononienſibus animad<lb></lb>uerſa fuerint. </s> <s>Nam quod ipſi primùm vniuersè accipiunt. </s> <s>Quod præſcribit, aut præfinit aliquid <expan abbr="agen-dũ">agen<lb></lb>dum</expan>, ſemper eo potius eſſe, & <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis cui præſcribitur, aut præfinitur: non admodùm verum eſſe <lb></lb>cenſeo, ſed in eo ſolùm quod præſcribitur, aut præfinitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> etiam id mihi ſufficere videtur, ſed præ<lb></lb>tereà deſidero <expan abbr="præſcriptionẽ">præſcriptionem</expan> illam non eſſe <expan abbr="inſtitutã">inſtitutam</expan> ad alterius <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, ſed propter ſeipſam, ac li<lb></lb>beram: quæ certò in hypotheſi noſtra reperiuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> in hoc actu ſolùm quod eſt mouere; appe<lb></lb>titus imperat menti, & ei præſcribit <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan>: cętera ſuperat mens. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> exemplo perſiſtam: <lb></lb>in curanda pecunia filio ſtudiorum gratia pater ex ipſo pendet: ſimpliciter tamen filio præſtat pater. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic etiam vbi gratia alterius aliquid præſcribatur; inde perfectio non colligitur. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd archi<lb></lb>triclinus imperet domino, vt diſcumbat, quia <expan abbr="prandiũ">prandium</expan> corrumpitur, aut medicus, vt hæc comedat, ab <lb></lb>illis abſtineat manum, ſunt perfectiones, & præſtantiæ imperantibus, ſed iis quibus imperatur: impe<lb></lb>rant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non ſui ipſorum gratia <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed domini ipſius. </s> <s>Sic appetitus imperat menti, & filius patri, non <lb></lb>ſuiipſorum gratia, ſed eorum planè quibus præſcribitur officium. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetitus imperat, vt bene ſe <arrow.to.target n="marg4837"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habeat mens; ſiquidem ſedandæ ſint animi perturbationes, vt ſpeculationi vacare poſsit. </s> <s>& bona filio<lb></lb>rum educatio, in patris <expan abbr="cõmoda">commoda</expan> <expan abbr="dignitatemq́">dignitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>redundat: <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> <expan abbr="negandũ">negandum</expan> non eſt, in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> facto <lb></lb><expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> illorum quibus imperatur, ad imperantium <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> pertinere: quandò bonum mentis ad appetitus <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> bonum faciat, & bonæ fortunæ patris <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> filij fortunas amplificent: & filius eligit illud, vt patri ob<lb></lb>ſequatur; eius tamen obſequium ſibi affert bonum, & actio perfectio practicæ mentis eſt, ſed parendo <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõni">rationi</expan> perficitur ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> appetitus. </s> <s>Etenim illa <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, quæ facultates inferiores efficiunt, ſunt gratia ſu<lb></lb>periorum; deinde <expan abbr="ſuperiorũ">ſuperiorum</expan> bonum ad propriam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perfectionem facit inferiorum facultatum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm hæc poſteà fuſius. </s> <s>Ad poſteriorem verò obiectionem è medio <expan abbr="tollẽdã">tollendam</expan> dicemus ipſum eſſe quod <lb></lb>menti ſubiicitur, eſſe <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, ac verum, & huic conuenire illam rationem boni quod Gręci <foreign lang="grc">καλὸν & τίμιον</foreign><lb></lb>appellant .i. </s> <s>pulchrum & honore dignum: at bene eſſe qûod opponitur; appetitui, illud eſſe quod iidem <lb></lb>nuncupant <foreign lang="grc">ἀγαθὸν</foreign>. </s> <s>Nunc multò plus eſt eſſe pulchrum & <expan abbr="honeſtũ">honeſtum</expan>, quàm bonum: idcirco tribuimus <lb></lb>Deo <foreign lang="grc">τὸ καλὸν</foreign>; minueremus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> maieſtatem tanti numinis, ſi <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> ipſum vocaremus: ita vt concluden<lb></lb>dum ſit fore longè perfectius ipſum eſſe, ac verum quod menti ſubiicitur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> bene eſſe quod opponitur <lb></lb>appetitui. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> mens practica reſpicit bonum quod agendum eſt; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <foreign lang="grc">ἀγαθὸν</foreign> propriè dictum <lb></lb>nihilominus, quae ab appetitus officio ſemota, contemplatur tantummodò, non agit, etiam verum habet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4838"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propoſitum; quapropter & honeſtum. </s> <s>Veruntamen etſi mens per ſe bonum ſemper cognoſcit; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>appetitus qui obedit menti, ſemper ſit bonus; accidit nihilominus, vt <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> ſit duplex, aut ſimpliciter <lb></lb>quod abſolutè conuenit humanæ naturæ, aut apparens quod ſanè conueniens eſſe videtur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen <lb></lb>eſt eiuſmodi: hoc verò iucundum eſt, & vtile quod ſenſui ſubiicitur, & appetitui bruto; ab huiuſmo<lb></lb>di <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> obiectarum varietate quæ ſæpiſsimè diſcordant, oritur <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actionum <expan abbr="cõſiliorumq́">conſiliorumque</expan>. </s> <s>noſtrorum <lb></lb>varietas, & repugnantia, hoc modo: nam <expan abbr="iucundũ">iucundum</expan>, quod appetitui bruto ſubiicitur, mouet tanquàm <lb></lb>præſens, & vt præſens habetur pro bono; mens & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quæ nonmodò reſpiciunt pręſens, ſed id quod ex <lb></lb>præſente <expan abbr="conſecuturũ">conſecuturum</expan> eſt, & perſpiciunt ex eo quod nunc placet, id emanare poſſe quod poſteà diſpli<lb></lb>cebit; iudicant id quod placet nunc, <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> non eſſe: quamobrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="appetendũ">appetendum</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> con<lb></lb>uertuntur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> illi præponunt, ex quo ſequatur id quod poſteà placiturum ſit, & cui'nam? </s> <s>non <lb></lb>ſenſui certè, ſed homini cuius mens optimè inſtructa ſit: hic eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> regula omnium, quemadmodum in <lb></lb>arte ſtatuaria ſignum Polycletęum: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde originem ducit pars illa ratiocinationis, quæ <foreign lang="grc">προαίρεσις</foreign><lb></lb>appellatur, aliqui conſilium vertunt. </s> <s>Quod eſt abſolutè bonum ſemper <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt, & etiam <expan abbr="cuicunq.">cuicunque</expan> <expan abbr="bo-nũ">bo<lb></lb>num</expan> eſt. </s> <s>iucundun nonmodò <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> diſcrepat à bono, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> non rarò à ſeipſo: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm hoc ex <lb></lb>eo proficiſcitur, quae <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> animi <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> ſit; alterum verò cupidinis, vt ſępe contingit, & in amore præ<lb></lb>ſertim; verumetiam inter appetitus <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ſpeciei varietas extat; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>nonmodò <expan abbr="pugnãt">pugnant</expan> appetitus, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="volũtas">voluntas</expan>, id quod ſæpiſsimè fit, animus, & cupido, ſed etiam in ſola cupidine exiſtit repugnantia, ve <pb pagenum="834"></pb>lut inter veneris appetitum & crapulæ. </s> <s>Nam ſic Tyreſias.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4839"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4837"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4838"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4839"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Venit enim magnum donandi parca iuuentus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec tantum veneris, quantum studioſa culinæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Appetitus hic rerum pręſentium qui pendet ex iucundo, plurimùm in adoleſcentia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>plus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> appetitus ille boni qui reſpicit futurum, quia nondum ab ortus noſtri primordiis ſemoti, quo tem<lb></lb>pore ſimiliores ſumus ferę <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> homini, in præſens incumbimus futuro neglecto. </s> <s>Quoniam verò in nobis <lb></lb>eſt princeps, & domina voluntas ſuapte natura, cùm eò proceſſerimus ætatis, vt vel per diſciplinam, vel <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per aſſuetudinem à malo <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> diſcernamus, incipit expergiſci, & reſiſtens iucundo contendit, ita vt <lb></lb>appetitum <expan abbr="brutũ">brutum</expan> in ſuam redigat <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, quæ via eſt ad virtutem continentia vocata, aut contra reſi<lb></lb>ſtendi <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> non habens in appetitus bruti <expan abbr="obſequiũ">obſequium</expan> cedat, quæ via ducit ad <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan>, & incontinentia <lb></lb>dicta eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita frequentando, vel obſequendo appetitui bruto, vel eum debellando fit habitus, qui in <lb></lb>bono <expan abbr="tẽperantia">temperantia</expan> <expan abbr="vocat̃">vocatur</expan>, in <expan abbr="tẽperantia">temperantia</expan> verò in malo. </s> <s><expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>habitus boni <expan abbr="cõtractus">contractus</expan> fuerit, tum ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam, & optimè affectus erit homo: naturalis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="optimaq́">optimaque</expan>. </s> <s>affectio eſt, vt vis ſuperior imperet in<lb></lb>ferioribus. </s> <s>Id quod item Socrates ab Apolline petiiſſe <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan>, cùm rogaret, vt externa cum internis con<lb></lb>ſentirent. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> brutus appetitus ſit iucundi, tamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ille ſimpliciter huius eſt, niſi quiſpiam <lb></lb>funditùs in beluam degeneret, cùm <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> naturæ peruertat, & ſæpe cùm macula <expan abbr="ſtimuliſq́">ſtimuliſque</expan>. </s> <s>conſcien<arrow.to.target n="marg4840"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiæ coniunctus ſit qui longè actiores <expan abbr="efficacioreſq́">efficacioreſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> perturbationes quæ nos <expan abbr="agitãt">agitant</expan> prius, quàm <lb></lb>nobis <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> <expan abbr="cõparemus">comparemus</expan>, quo freti <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> muniti relinquamus id quod ſenſus mulceat, & oblectet, quod <lb></lb>tamen certè per difficile eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò minor animi fluctuatio reperitur in conſiliis & deliberationib. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſiquando eueniat, vt nobis multæ <expan abbr="variæq́">variæque</expan>. </s> <s>viæ ſeſe offerant ad <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> finem aſſequendum: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan> magis <lb></lb>ſi vrgeat, & inſtet appetitus, & <expan abbr="mediorũ">mediorum</expan> quibus illum adipiſci contingat, inopia premat; in <expan abbr="iiſq́">iiſque</expan>. </s> <s>præ<lb></lb>ſertim qui <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> exercitati ſunt. </s> <s>cùm cęteroqui, ſi medium fuerit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, per quod ad finem propoſitum per<lb></lb>uenire valeamus, aut habeatur in <expan abbr="prõptu">promptu</expan>, aut quae experientia & vſus, qui rerum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> magiſter optimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>perhibetur, proprium medium nob. </s> <s>ſuppeditet, quod eò perducat, quo volumus, expeditu facile ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter homines experti citiſsimè decernunt, & vt primùm inſtitit appetitus, ſi ea præſtò ſunt quæ <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> <expan abbr="requirunt̃">requiruntur</expan>, & abſit impedimentum; illicò agunt. </s> <s>Media verò illa diuerſa non ſolùm ordinis <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> eſſe poſſunt, vt eundi Florentiam prędibus aut equo, aut naui, ſed etiam <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex alio eſſe contin<lb></lb>git, ita vt ſine ipſo præſtari non poſsit, quemadmodum conducere equum, & parare pecuniam qua <lb></lb>conducatur. </s> <s>In ea fluctuatione conſilij copia deprehenditur, cuius finis eſt præfinitio <expan abbr="cõducibilis">conducibilis</expan> illius <lb></lb>quod accipiendum eſt, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> verò acceptum fuit, & <expan abbr="approbatũ">approbatum</expan>, ſeu decretum, ſit eligendum. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eligi id oporteat, ex eo perſpicitur; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> cum ſuo fine comparatur, & id quod illi propinquius <lb></lb>eſt, & expeditius ad <expan abbr="obtinendũ">obtinendum</expan>, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> cęteris præſtans eligitur. </s> <s>In hac verò poſtrema conſultatione in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4841"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua media non ſunt <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> gradus, ſed <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ſerie diſpoſita ſunt, ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> veniamus opor<lb></lb>tet, quod ſine aliis effici queat; cętera verò non ſine illo: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpectatur, vtrùm ſit in noſtra poteſta<lb></lb>te, nec'ne. </s> <s>ac ſi id in nobis <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> fuerit, eſt principium, vnde agere incipimus, & vnde voluntas <expan abbr="exor-diũ">exor<lb></lb>dium</expan> capit exequendi illa <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> auxilio fine ſuo potiatur; ſi minus, ab in capto deſiſtit. </s> <s>Quapropter phi<lb></lb>loſophi dicere conſuerunt, quod <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan> inueniendo fuit, exequendo primum eſſe, & quod primò ap<lb></lb>petitum <expan abbr="cõmouerit">commouerit</expan>, actionum <expan abbr="noſtrarũ">noſtrarum</expan> eſſe poſtremum: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem vocari finem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illo ade<lb></lb>pto ſedatur voluntas, nec quicquam aliud aut agit, aut expetit. </s> <s>Ille autem mentis progreſſus qui eſt <lb></lb>ab vno fine propoſito ad inueniendum ea per quæ finis ille paratur, & vnde actionis initium ſumen<lb></lb>dum ſit, analyſis .i. </s> <s>reſolutio nuncupatur ab Ariſtotele.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4840"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4841"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alia nonnulla ad finem attinentia adſcribuntar. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIV.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVE hęc de via quidem, ſed de fine etiam illa decernenda; nimirùm quòd non dubitatur, ſed <lb></lb>ſemper accipitur, & conſtituitur; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>de medio & inſtrumento, ratione & via ipſum adipi<lb></lb>ſcendi conſilium capitur; ſicuti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> reſp. dubitat vtrùm præſtet depellere obſidionem, nec'ne: neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4842"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de illius depulſione quicquam cogitat, aut decernit, ſed planè ambigit de inſtrumentis & ratione de<lb></lb>pellendi, aut ducendo exercitum extra mœnia, aut ſe cohibendo, & propugnando intra oppidum, aut <lb></lb>cedendo victoribus, & certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> conditionibus fœdus cum hoſte ferendo, & in <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> actio<lb></lb>ne humana requiritur finis <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> communiſsimus; humana .ſ. </s> <s>beatitudo, ad quam <expan abbr="adipiſcendã">adipiſcendam</expan> plura <lb></lb>inſtrumenta <expan abbr="viæq́">viæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuccurrunt ſperantibus <expan abbr="nõnullis">nonnullis</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> diuitiis obtinere, virtute aliis voluptate <expan abbr="quibuſ-dã">quibuſ<lb></lb>dam</expan>, & ſecum ſenſu <expan abbr="rationeq́">rationeque</expan>. </s> <s>pugnantibus, & nunc ſenſu ſuperante, mox alternis dominante ratione, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> ipſo etiam ſenſu certante, nunc hoc iudicante <expan abbr="iucundũ">iucundum</expan>, aliud aliàs, & hoc nunc, nonnunquam vin<lb></lb>cente contrario ad <expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan> pilæ luſoriæ quæ huc & illuc pulſa atque repulſa in varias partes reſilit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hinc illa infinitas & incertitudo in appetitu humano, & quòd hoc modò velit, aut aliud pro illo, <expan abbr="mul-toq́">mul<lb></lb>toque</expan>. </s> <s>maior, quo res diſtat magis ab vltimo fine; veruntamen nil aliud planè velle <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quàm id quod <lb></lb>ſibi cum à ſenſu, tum à ratione tanquam <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> fuerit præmonſtratum, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò vt in hoc primo pro<lb></lb>greſſu ſeruiat menti; ſit inferior, & patiendi fortaſſe <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſubeat, nam ſic moueri videtur. </s> <s>Sed quan<lb></lb>tum pertinet ad <expan abbr="concitandũ">concitandum</expan> motum ad hoc, aut illud <expan abbr="peragendũ">peragendum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adipiſcendum eſt profectò agen<lb></lb>di principium. </s> <s>Cęterùm quia voluntas <expan abbr="principẽ">principem</expan> locum obtinet, & nata apta eſt ad imperandum ap<lb></lb>petitui; tametſi appetitus brutus <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> ad mala procliuem efficit, illa ipſum auertere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, antequàm <lb></lb>malus habitus contractus fuerit: nam poſtquàm habitus <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> comparatus eſt, in <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> agere nequit; <pb pagenum="835"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4843"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>niſi magno labore, nec ſine <expan abbr="sũma">summa</expan> violentia & amiſsione habitus, & de ſuetudine; quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> libera <lb></lb>iure optimo appellabitur: quandò ante <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> velle <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eius oppoſitum quod ſenſui placet, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> <lb></lb>aſſecuta iam fuerit <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>; poteſt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> deſueſcere, & perſuaderi ad appetendum. </s> <s>Inde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in vo<lb></lb>luntate exiſtit origo meriti & demeriti, premij inquàm, & pœnę, & tum vim patitur, cùm ab habitu di<lb></lb>uelli debet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> habitus efficit, vt quod illi proponitur, videatur <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, deprauata <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>appe<lb></lb>tit; ita vt furi <expan abbr="furtũ">furtum</expan> bonum cenſeatur, & placet, & quaſi iam natura ad <expan abbr="furtũ">furtum</expan> propenſus eſt: nam conſue<lb></lb>tudo fit altera natura: quapropter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> illud, quod habitus <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> reddidit familiare, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iucun<lb></lb>dum; quantumuis <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> ſit, quia malum videtur; repudiatur. </s> <s>Quamobrem nos Socratem accuſamus <lb></lb>dicentem nos ſponte bonos eſſe, malos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inuitos. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> cogunt nos perturbationes, quemadmodum <lb></lb>multi crediderunt, ſed vitiant <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>; ideò bonæ iudicantur, <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſponte ſectamur. </s> <s>Quare etiam per<lb></lb>uersè dicitur, <expan abbr="irã">iram</expan>, vel amorem me coëgiſſe; niſi in hunc <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan>, quòd ab illis natura noſtra deprauata ſit <lb></lb>quæ bona illa iudicet; quaſi tanquam bona voluntati proponantur, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem exoptentur. </s> <s>In men<lb></lb>tibus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> beatis & brutis eiuſmodi varietas nulla eſt, cùm ſemper illis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> obiiciatur, & vnus ſit mo<lb></lb>dus, quo fine ſuo potiri queant; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt apprehenſio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſimplex, & ſine ratione & ſyllogiſmo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cęlo ipſi obiicitur: ex quo efficitur, vt ſemper vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo operetur, <expan abbr="etiãſi">etiamſi</expan> duabus <lb></lb>viis & intelligendo, & ſe mouendo illud aſſequatur: ac ſiquis hîc <expan abbr="voluntatẽ">voluntatem</expan> poſuerit, is ambiguè <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4844"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vſurparit. </s> <s>Quanquam & in hoc non mediocris ſcrupulus me habet, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi appetitus brutus ſæpiſsimè <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõni">rationi</expan> aduerſatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> rationi obtemperat, à ſua natura diſtrahetur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in eo reperietur <lb></lb>aliqua imperfectio, & erit hæc imperfectio, ſi vnquam rationi pareat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in homine ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>affecto quippiam inerit pręter naturam. </s> <s>Sed dicemus ad hoc non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> diſtractionem à ſua natura eſſe <lb></lb>præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & ſignificare imperfectionem, verùm vbi minuat illius <expan abbr="præſtantiã">præſtantiam</expan>: ſic etiam ſi elementa <lb></lb>per ſe eſſe velint; non tamen abhorrent à mixtura, quę tamen ſine <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> alteratione non <expan abbr="obit̃">obitur</expan>, & quaſi <lb></lb>via <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> eſt ad interitum: & materia, licèt ſuapte natura tendat ad <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>; manet tamen cum for<lb></lb>ma: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> hęc meliores reddunt conditiones imperfectiorum: nam ſi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> poteſtatis <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <lb></lb>quæ ſi cum ſuo actu conferatur, ſemper ad præſtantius tendit. </s> <s>ideò nomine <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> humilitatem ſignifican<lb></lb>te notatur, obedientiæ .ſ. </s> <s>quæ inſtituitur in <expan abbr="præſtãtius">præſtantius</expan>, licèt ſuapte vi ſit deterioris cuiuſdam <expan abbr="cõditionis">conditionis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita igitur, ſi cum <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſenſus conformetur, melior fit; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> magis eſt ex ordine naturæ, cùm <lb></lb>paret rationi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vbi imperat, aut contrà operatur, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> naturam agitur. </s> <s>Hæc igitur, niſi <lb></lb>fallor, apud Ariſt. </s> <s>origo eſt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actionis humanæ quæ ſic nominata eſt, quia propria ſit homini ipſius: nam <lb></lb><expan abbr="contẽplatio">contemplatio</expan>, quanuis ad <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> pertineat, non innititur appetitu, ſed mente ſola, quæ facultas eſt mul<lb></lb>tò ſublimior, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuinior, & ſibi <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> mentibus beatiſsimis. </s> <s>Quòd ſi me hîc interroges ec'quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4845"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nam ſit cauſſa, cur ſi contemplatio ſit actione nobilior, inſtituta pręmia ſunt actioni, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> contem<lb></lb>plationi? </s> <s>Huius certè rei multas cauſſas aſsignare poſsim; verbigratia; quia mores contemplationi fa<lb></lb>mulantur; nec quicquam magis ipſi aduerſatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> perturbatio quę per virtutes ſedatur: contemplatio <lb></lb>verò Deo finitur, cuius præſtantia & pulchritudo neque verbo explanari, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mente concipi poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec igitur aditus ad tam pulchram rem intercludatur; obſiſtitur vitiis, quantum fieri poteſt, tollendo <lb></lb>virtutes, & vitia caſtigando; nam ſicuti vulgo fertur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4842"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4843"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4844"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4845"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Oderunt peccare mali formidine pœnę<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Deinde hęc ita fiunt propter vulgus quod ea quæ abſunt à ſenſu, non proſpicit, & plurimùm appetitui <lb></lb>bruto ſe committit. </s> <s>Præmiis igitur ad bonum eos accendi oportet, & pœnis à vitiis deterreri. </s> <s>Omnium <lb></lb>tamen præcipua cauſſa apud me eſt, quia pręmia <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan> adęquare non poſſunt: ideò ſe ipſa <expan abbr="cõ-tenta">con<lb></lb>tenta</expan> eſt; <expan abbr="idq.">idque</expan> omnium <expan abbr="præmiũ">præmium</expan> eſt ampliſsimum. </s> <s>Idcirco neſcio equidem an'ne rectè dictum ſit à <expan abbr="qui-buſdã">qui<lb></lb>buſdam</expan>, excellentiam bonorum & pręmiorum non ſemper è proportione ſibi reſpondere. </s> <s>Nam quòd <lb></lb>ſeipſo <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> contentum ſit, maius eſt præmium, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vlla humana cogitatio capere poſsit. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb>cùm duæ ſpecies ſint extollendi animi excellentiam, laus, & honor; & ex his cùm maior ſit honor; <lb></lb>honorem quidem contemplationi, actionibus verò ciuilibus laudem tribuimus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4846"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4846"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Adiungitur ad ea quæ de principiis actionis expoſita ſunt, aliquid de altero illo conſilio, quod <lb></lb>non ſequitur actio. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XV.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PORRO viſum eſt, quemadmodum ex conſilio <expan abbr="cõſequatur">conſequatur</expan> actio, ſed illud item à philoſophis ani<lb></lb>maduerſum fuiſſe ſcimus, eſſe <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> conſilium cui nulla actio comitetur; præceſſerit <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ratio; <lb></lb>veruntamen à ratione quies <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> exiſtat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò quae ad aliquid deuentum ſit, quod cùm in nobis non <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan>, actionis initio nullum relinquat locum, ſed quanuis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> actionis initium in noſtra ſit poteſta<lb></lb>te; nihilominus ab actione deſiſtimus; nec vllo pacto aggredimur. </s> <s>hoc ſanè mirum eſt, & Ariſt. </s> <s>repu<lb></lb>gnare videtur: ſiquidem <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ratio cum fide coniuncta ſit; omnem verò fidem ſequatur aſſenſus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>& erumpet actio continuò, niſi quid vetet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Idemq́">Idemque</expan>. </s> <s>animaduerſum fuiſſe à Themiſtio videmus, qui op<lb></lb>ponebat pugnam quæ ſæpè exoritur inter animæ partes, & ab Ariſt. </s> <s>cùm libris Eth. tum etiam 3. de An. <lb></lb>deſcripta eſt. </s> <s>Proinde Themiſtius non ſatis accedit ad <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>& illud negat <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> præ<lb></lb>ſeferre aſſenſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> apud alios auctores nihil ego <expan abbr="cõperio">comperio</expan>: conabor tamen Themiſtij ſententiam <lb></lb>cum Philoſopho conciliare. </s> <s>Proptereà fateor <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> rationi comitari aſſenſum: eam verò triplicem eſſe <lb></lb>perſpicio, aut ad <expan abbr="affirmationẽ">affirmationem</expan>, aut <expan abbr="negationẽ">negationem</expan>, aut ad medium quid, quod ſimile eſt ambiguitati, nos <expan abbr="ir-reſolutionẽ">ir<lb></lb>reſolutionem</expan> patrio ſermone vocare conſueuimus; ita verò agere <foreign lang="grc">ἐπέχεσθαι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſuſtineri ab aſſenſu, & <pb pagenum="836"></pb>actionem <foreign lang="grc">ἐπσχην̀</foreign> iuniorum Græcorum ſchola, & Scepticorum præcipuè, quotum hic erat ſcopus, ap<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4847"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pellauit. </s> <s>de ea quæ eſt ad affirmationem, vel negationem controuerſia nulla eſt, quando aſſenſus adeſt <lb></lb>perſpicuè; eligimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel agere, quae bonum, vel non agere, quia malum: in illa tertia dubium eſt, ſit'ne <lb></lb>aſſenſus; ſiquidem nec agere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non agere decernamus. </s> <s>cęterùm in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aſſenſum ineſſe puto. <lb></lb></s> <s>quod me mouet ad ita credendum, hoc eſt, quia nulla <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> proficiſcitur ex ignotis, & non creditis; aliter <lb></lb>vitioſa eſt, & non probat propoſitum. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> atqui his fieri non poteſt quin aſſentiatur. </s> <s>Quare etiam ratio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4848"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qua vtimur in epoche conſtabit ex huiuſmodi principiis, & <expan abbr="idõ">idom</expan> præſtabit, ſed in hoc poſitum eſſe cen<lb></lb>ſeo diſcrimen inter epochen, & alios aſſenſus, quae licèt in aliis <expan abbr="cõſiliis">conſiliis</expan> anteceſſerit oppoſitarum rationum <lb></lb>conflictus, altera pars ſuperauit, & ad agendum, vel non agendum impulit, in epoche verò conflictus <lb></lb>illarum rationum par extitit omnino: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> deſiſtit. </s> <s>& prius in aliis animus agitatus fluctuabat, poſteà <lb></lb>conceſsit in alteram partem quæſtionis. </s> <s>Quamobrem de AEnea ſic in ancipiti re cruciato ſcribitur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4847"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4848"></margin.target>a 2. Prior. <lb></lb>de petit.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> animum nunc huc celerem, nunc diuidit illuc<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In <expan abbr="parteiſq́">parteiſque</expan>. </s> <s>rapit varias, <expan abbr="perq́">perque</expan>. </s> <s>omnia verſat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>demum.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Hęc alternanti potior ſententia viſa est<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>in altero illo conflictu ſic ſe habet animus, vt animal quod inter duos cibos æquè gratos manens quem <lb></lb>potiſsimum ex iis appetat, ignorat. </s> <s>Quapropter ambiguitas in epoche non naſcitur ex eo, quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4849"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principia aſſumpta fidem non fecerit: verùm ex illo, quòd oppoſita fidem fecerunt æqualem; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> ſi ſingulæ illæ rationes ſpectentur ſeorſum; ſine dubio perſuadent, & ſingulis aſſentimur; <lb></lb>vbi ſecum conferantur; quoniam ſingulis aſſentimur æqualiter; hinc non exiſtimatur eſſe fides. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>aliter accidit, àc ſi duas libras habeamus <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> auri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> plumbi alteram: eæ ſi ſeorſum in lance appen<lb></lb>dantur maximum <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> efficient, ſi <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> ſimul appendamus <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> vni lanci, alteram alteri; pro<lb></lb>fectò <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> inclinationem lanx facere valebit. </s> <s>Ergo dicemus Ariſt. </s> <s>non conferentem rationes oppoſitas <lb></lb>ſingulis attribuiſſe <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan>, & aſſenſum. </s> <s>Themiſtium verò conferentem negaſſe, quia cum pariter poſsint, <lb></lb>nos immobiles reddant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> minus, vbi inter duos cibos æquè diſtantes, & æquè placentes animal ex<lb></lb>tet immobile; non quia non trahatur. </s> <s>trahitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan>, ſed quae quantum trahitur ab vno, tantum <lb></lb>ab altero retrahi videtur. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> membrum manet immobile; non quia vacent ab officio muſculi im<lb></lb>mobiles, ſed quae ab oppoſitis muſculis hinc inde æquè trahatur. </s> <s>eandem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> epochen Sceptici in iis <lb></lb>poſuere quæ ſub ſpeculationem cadunt, <expan abbr="iidemq́">iidemque</expan>. </s> <s>non negarunt aſſenſum ſingulis rationibus, ſed pro<lb></lb>pter paria in oppoſitis rebus <expan abbr="rationibuſq́">rationibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>momenta retineri putant aſſenſum; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & ab iis quæ ſpe<lb></lb>culationi ſubiiciuntur, in ea quæ reſpiciunt appetitum, aſſenſus illa retentio redundet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab epo<lb></lb>che ad <foreign lang="grc">ἀταραχίαν</foreign> peruenimus. </s> <s>& cùm alicui rationi <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> alia videatur opponi; ex quo multum <lb></lb>de <expan abbr="ſcientiarũ">ſcientiarum</expan> perſpicuitate deminuitur; ipſi <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> orationi, <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> generatim aduerſari ſumentes <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> ſcien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4850"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tiã">tiam</expan> è medio ſuſtulerunt. </s> <s>paria illa momenta <foreign lang="grc">ἰσοσθένειαν</foreign> vocarunt. </s> <s>Sed illud prætermittendum non <lb></lb>eſt, quòd cùm veteres Græci negationem affirmationi oppoſuerint; Sceptici nonmodò rationes affir<lb></lb>mantem, & <expan abbr="negantẽ">negantem</expan> ſecum pugnare voluerunt, ſed <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> oppoſitum concluderet. </s> <s>Attamen ex iis, <lb></lb>quæ lib. <foreign lang="grc">περὶ ἑρμ.</foreign>, expoſuit Ariſtoteles, facilè ſecum hæc diuerſa conciliabimus: quandò ea quæ pro<lb></lb>ximè opponuntur, Sceptici ſumpſerint: antiquiores illi principem oppoſitionem reſpexerint, quę exi<lb></lb>ſtit inter affirmationem, & negationem. </s> <s>omnis enim oppoſitio demum reſoluitur in contradictionem <lb></lb>vel euentum ſpectarunt, quod affirmatione, vel negatione continetur; agimus enim, aut non.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4849"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4850"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Concluditur, vt motus in rebus ſe habeat quo ad earum ſubiecta, & tempus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVI.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>REDEAMVS ad motum naturalem, de cuius æternitate ſic diſſerentes philoſophos audiuimus: <lb></lb>tametſi his <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Cardanus auxilium conatus eſt afferre noua <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ratione quæ ducitur à conti<lb></lb>nuitate partium maris. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe habere ipſum mare dicebat, vt ex mari fiat mare, vt è Siculo <expan abbr="Thyrrenũ">Thyrrenum</expan>, <lb></lb>ex hoc Liguſticum, & ſic deinceps: ergo conuincit hæc marium continuata ſucceſsio perpetuitatem <lb></lb>eius influxus; ſicuti continuatio partium cęli continuitatem motus impetrauit, & ei ſine dubio magis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4851"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id perſuaſum fuiſſet, ſi mare <expan abbr="Caſpiũ">Caſpium</expan>, quod à cęteris ſeparatum videtur, cùm Euxino permeatùs ſubter<lb></lb>raneos audiuiſſet eſſe coniunctum. </s> <s>Sed & ratio noua parum habuit firmamenti, quippe quae non ex <expan abbr="cõ-tinuitate">con<lb></lb>tinuitate</expan> corporis, ſed motus æternitas corporis concluſa fuerit: quinetiam falſum ſit Oceanum <expan abbr="exte-riorẽ">exte<lb></lb>riorem</expan>, in interiorem remeare; nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> placitis Ariſt. </s> <s>magis aduerſatur qui ſuperius in mundo inferio<lb></lb>re conſtituit, vnde eſt <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> maris interioris. </s> <s>Sed tranſeamus vlterius. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ex iis quæ <expan abbr="ſpectãtur">ſpectantur</expan> <lb></lb>in corporibus inanimis, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> animalibus, exoriretur dubitatio, cur quædam modò moueantur, aliàs <lb></lb>quieſcant, huius etiam nodi cauſſa inuenienda eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illius inuentio <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> pertinebit ad <expan abbr="aſſequen-dã">aſſequen<lb></lb>dam</expan> certam <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> eorum quæ ſpectant ad motum: ſuccedet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id, vt ſpero, ſi in medio afferamus <expan abbr="ac-curatã">ac<lb></lb>curatam</expan> partitionem eorum quæ quoquo pacto motui, aut eius oppoſitæ quieti ſubiiciuntur, & cum ſen<lb></lb>ſu, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ratione ſingulos eorum modos exploremus; quibus <expan abbr="cõpertis">compertis</expan> finem noſtra methodus obti<lb></lb>nebit. </s> <s>nam ſic inueniemus primam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> motus in rebus naturalibus, quæpropter ſuam <expan abbr="vniuerſitatẽ">vniuerſitatem</expan> <lb></lb>nobis obſcuriſsima eſt; idcirco etiam poſtremò loco adipiſcenda; in cuius notitia cùm poſita ſit etiam <lb></lb>abſolutio de natura motus; abſoluetur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vniuerſa tractatio de principiis & cauſsis motus naturalis, <lb></lb>quæ in priore parte noſtræ phyſiologiæ nobis ad <expan abbr="explicandũ">explicandum</expan> propoſita fuerat. </s> <s>Sed venio ad rem. </s> <s>Ita <lb></lb>verò motus ad res ſe habere videtur, vt diſtribuatur in tria membra, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> vnum ſpectat res vniuersè <lb></lb>acceptas; reliqua verò res acceptas ſigillatim. </s> <s>Vniuersè igitur aut omnia ſemper mouentur, aut om <pb pagenum="837"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4852"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nia ſemper quieſcunt, aut omnia mouentur alternis, & quieſcunt. </s> <s>Rurſus ſi eorum <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> accipiamus, <lb></lb>ſic dicemus aut quædam moueri ſemper, alia ſemper quieſcere, aut quædam quieſcere ſemper, aliqua <lb></lb>nonnunquam moueri, interdum quieſcere, aut <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> moueri ſemper, alia viciſsim quieſcere, & mo<lb></lb>ueri. </s> <s>Prætereà aut ita ſe habent, vt ex his <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſemper moueantur, alia ſemper quieſcant: nonnulla <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> moueantur, <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> verò quieſcant: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & vniuersè, & collectim accipiuntur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde <lb></lb>oritur primum membrum noſtræ partitionis, aut aduerſis contraria, & vt aiunt, ſubalterna, atque inde <lb></lb>extat ſecundùm, aut aduerſis contraria diſiunctim, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde erumpit <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan> membrum, quæ ſanè diſtin<lb></lb>ctio generaliſsima eſt, vt nihil non <expan abbr="cõprehendat">comprehendat</expan>: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="diligẽs">diligens</expan> illius inquiſitio tenebras <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> excutiet. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ea diuiſio labefactata eſt ab Auerroë, qui ſeptem ipſius membra tantummodò prodiderit. </s> <s>niſi <lb></lb>fortaſſe <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> prima, & ſecunda pars tertij membri contineantur in parte prima ſecundi: tametſi id <lb></lb>adnotandum hîc quieſcere fuſius acceptum eſſe; quatenus ad ea pertinet etiam quæ ſunt immobilia, <lb></lb>quæ .ſ. </s> <s>nullam habent habilitatem ad motum, ſiue ſint ab omni materia ſeparata, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in materia po<lb></lb>ſita repudient <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, vt centrum, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> tribuit <foreign lang="grc">στασιν</foreign> Alexander, & illa excluſa quæ per accidens, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> accidentia mouentur. </s> <s>Singula <expan abbr="quęq.">quęque</expan> nunc exploremus. </s> <s>Manifeſtum verò eſt dicere <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>quieſcere, aut contra omnia moueri eſſe ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ratione alienum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud primum <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> eſt perſpi<lb></lb>cuè <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> oppugnare, ac deſtruere <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> quę verſatur in explicatione naturæ, cùm pona<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4853"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe principium motus ſimul, & quietis. </s> <s>Prætereà ſine motu nulla eſſet <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> ſcientiarum; <lb></lb>quandò <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> vel proximè, vel remotè motu vtantur, ac proximè quidem, quia ſunt iudicia ſenſus, <expan abbr="phã-taſiæ">phan<lb></lb>taſiæ</expan>, & mentis, aut alterationes, aut non ſine alteratione, cùm ſine affectione <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> materiæ, <expan abbr="certoq́">certoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>motu <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> non exoriantur in anima; ſicuti ſi velis intueri id quod eſt à tergo. </s> <s>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tu ipſe conuer<lb></lb>taris oportet, aut tibi à fronte <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> adſpectabilem præſentari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> omnia agitari, & id qui<lb></lb>dem perpetuò, ſed latere ſenſum, quemadmodum profeſſus eſt Heraclitus, & eo multo ineptior Cra<lb></lb>tylus, qui non tantùm flumen ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> equo bis tranari poſſe negabat, ſed ne ſemel quidem, propter <expan abbr="con-tinuũ">con<lb></lb>tinuum</expan> materiæ fluxum; quapropter & nihil ſciri poſſe creditum, atque id per dolium Danaes myſticè <lb></lb>ſignificatum. </s> <s>Præter hos etiam Democritus qui opinatus eſt atomos continuè ferri per inane, & ex <expan abbr="il-larũ">il<lb></lb>larum</expan> fortuitu concurſu ſemper varias formas exoriri, nec <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> eaſdem apparere. </s> <s>Nam primùm in<lb></lb>finitè loquuntur non indicantes quem'nam <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> eſſe fateantur, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>perennitatem latere: <lb></lb>quamobrem facilè eſt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ſententiam confutare, <expan abbr="quãdoquidem">quandoquidem</expan> ſigillatim in <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> motibus inter<lb></lb>pellatio perſpicua eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà quies etiam inter motus contrarios intercipitur, quemadmodum à no<lb></lb>bis olim diſputatum eſt, & nos in <expan abbr="incremẽto">incremento</expan> <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> ſic euenire monſtrauimus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deeſt motus qui <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> totus ſimul fiat, veluti congelatio & lapidis excauatio, quæ fit à guttis ſtillantibus; ita, vt ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4854"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nifeſta quies huiuſmodi mutationibus anteceſſerit. </s> <s>Quin etiam faciunt opera naturæ infinita; quippe <lb></lb>quæ nunquam terminos aſſecutura ſint, & duobus contrariis motibus ſimul <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> rem moueri acci<lb></lb>piunt, vt ſi moueatur ad <expan abbr="ſanitatẽ">ſanitatem</expan>, & ea parta non quieſcat: ergo mouebitur ad ſanitatem ſimul, & ægri<lb></lb>tudinem. </s> <s>Præterquam quae ſenſus oſtendit <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> lapidem ſub eadem affectione longiore tempore per<lb></lb>manere. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quae abſurdum eſt elementa moueri, cùm iam peruenerint ad ſua loca: ob id <lb></lb>enim mouentur ad locum <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, vt ibi quieſcant. </s> <s>Induat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> idem ſenſus eſſe falſum, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſic diſtri<lb></lb>bui, vt ex his <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſemper, alia nunquam <expan abbr="moueant̃">moueantur</expan>, quia videantur eſſe <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> quæ viciſsim mouen<lb></lb>tur, & <expan abbr="quieſcũt">quieſcunt</expan>. </s> <s>Tollitur inde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratio motus violenti qui tum eſt, cùm <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ex eo loco <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, <lb></lb>vbi ſuapte natura quieſcebat. </s> <s>Cęterùm repetita partitione illa ſuperiore Empedoclis opinio ſine vllo <lb></lb>negocio poterit eiici. </s> <s>hic verò exiſtimauit <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> viciſsim moueri ac quieſcere certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> in<lb></lb>teruallis, licèt ea ſucceſsio fuerit infinita, ac moueri <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ex ſphęro fieret mundus, quieſcere verò, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſſet ſphęrus. </s> <s>Vbi aduerte <expan abbr="partitionẽ">partitionem</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> quæ anteà per <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſſet diducta, poſteà fuiſſe tranſla<lb></lb>tam ad ſubiecta, & tempus per ſubiecta <expan abbr="diſtributũ">diſtributum</expan> quæ ita ſe habeant neceſſe eſt, aut quae aliqua mouean<lb></lb>tur ſemper, alia ſemper quieſcant; alia verò viciſsim vtrunque efficiant. </s> <s>Verùm illud hinc falſum eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="conuincit̃">conuincitur</expan>, quòd ex iis quæ ſunt, <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſemper moueantur, reliqua perpetuò quieſcant. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>ſemper manent ſenſu id approbante. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò tibi eò <expan abbr="fugiendũ">fugiendum</expan> eſt, vt ſenſum decipi fatearis: quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4855"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> deceptio ſenſus obiri ſine mutatione non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> deceptio eſt in iis in quæ mutatio cadit & <lb></lb>à deceptione reditus eſt ad opinionem <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan>; <expan abbr="machinaq́ue">machinaque</expan> animalibus, & homini præſertim data eſt, <lb></lb>qua lapſus ſenſuum corrigantur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> veriſimile eſt <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſentiendi facultatem animali tribuiſſe, vt in <lb></lb>errore perpetuo verſaretur, nec ſenſus ab eadem forma vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo ſemper afficitur: quo fit, <lb></lb>vt ſi deceptio contingat; mutatio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſariò ſequatur. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſenſus oppugnat illud alterum <lb></lb><expan abbr="mẽbrum">membrum</expan>: nempe, quae omnia ſemper moueantur, cùm lapis dum proiicitur, agitetur: cùm recidit in ter<lb></lb>ram quieſcat. </s> <s>Ergo ſi non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> mouentur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> manent omnia, neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> moueri, & quieſcere viciſ<lb></lb>ſim, aut moueri quædam, nonnulla quieſcere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt aliquibus manentibus alia viciſsim <expan abbr="moueant̃">moueantur</expan>, <lb></lb>& maneant. </s> <s>Ad hanc igitur partem <expan abbr="confirmandã">confirmandam</expan> quæ vera eſt, ſequitur vt nunc accingamur: ex his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>efficietur, vt <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> manuducamur in <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> primi motoris. </s> <s>Duo verò ſunt veluti fundamenta <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>ſolutio noſtræ quæſtionis innititur: primum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quod anteà tractauimus vniuersè è 7. Phyſ. hîc ve<lb></lb>rò accuratius explanandum, ſpecialius, & auctore Simplicio, <expan abbr="accõmodatius">accommodatius</expan> ad <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> naturalem, <lb></lb>& è principiis interioribus tum methodi noſtræ, tum rei tractandæ: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> interpretor id, quod ait <foreign lang="grc">φυσι<lb></lb>κὼτερον</foreign> quaſi opponatur ei quod dici conſueuit <foreign lang="grc">λογικώτερον</foreign>, & propriis rationibus tractetur, non <lb></lb>iis quas <foreign lang="grc">εξωτέρω</foreign> nuncupare ſolet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vnumquodq.">Vnumquodque</expan> nimirùm quod mouetur, ab alio moueri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> alte<lb></lb>rum, in ordine <expan abbr="mobiliũ">mobilium</expan> & <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="perueniẽdum">perueniendum</expan> ad aliquid primum per ſe mobile quod <expan abbr="diuidat̃">diuidatur</expan> <pb pagenum="838"></pb>in partem per ſe mouentem, & <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe motam, quæ ſanè quemadmodum ſe habeant, etiamſi in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4856"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nuitur in 8. Phyſ. apertiſsimè tamen explicatur 12. Met. Vt autem primum ſtatuatur; Ariſt. </s> <s>ea partitur <lb></lb>quæ mouentur in per ſe, & per accidens, & ſingula membra diuiſionis illius exponit ſigillatim accom<lb></lb>modans theorema hoc more conſueto in explicandis iis quæ ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ad primum ſcilicet in genere <expan abbr="mo-tuũ">mo<lb></lb>tuum</expan> quod eſt latio; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maxime, quae ab eius notitia proximè perluſtrare licet <expan abbr="cõditiones">conditiones</expan> primi <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4851"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4852"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4853"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4854"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4855"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4856"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſoluitur ordo mobilium in id quod per ſe mouetur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED eam rationem nunc aggrediamur. </s> <s>Eorum ergo quæ mouent, & mouentur. </s> <s>quædam mouent, <lb></lb>& mouentur per accidens; alia per ſe: per accidens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouent & <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan> quæ ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> alterius <lb></lb>agunt, & aguntur, vtputa mobilis aut mouentis, vt quia moueo te, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> te mouent ea quæ ſunt in me; ſi <lb></lb>etiam moueris, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> item quæ in te ſunt, mouentur <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> quæ exiſtimatur eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus, vt optimè oſtendit nob. </s> <s>Alexander. </s> <s>Prætereà quæ mouentur, nonnunquam mouentur ad motum <lb></lb>partis, quare ab oppoſito, quæcunque, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per partem, nec quia ſint in aliis, mouent, aut mouentur, <lb></lb>per ſe moueri dicemus. </s> <s>Cęterùm iis miſsis, quæ per accidens mouent, aut mouentur; egrediuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>limites <expan abbr="methodorũ">methodorum</expan>; agamus de reliquis. </s> <s>Eorum quæ per ſe mouentur, nonnulla mouentur à ſeipſis, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4857"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt habeant .ſ. </s> <s>in ſe ipſis <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> quæ motum efficiat, alia mouentur ab alio. </s> <s>Rurſus quædam <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> <lb></lb>natura; nonnulla etiam vi, & contra naturam. </s> <s>Omnino verò dubium non eſt, quin ea quæ per ſe mo<lb></lb>uentur; <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> autem ſunt animalia; moueantur ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: etenim ea mouentur ſecundùm <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> quæ in ſe ipſis habent <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus primum; animalia verò tali principio prædita ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quo-niã">Quo<lb></lb>niam</expan> autem animal ex animo, & corpore conſtituitur, ſi <expan abbr="ſpectet̃">ſpectetur</expan> eius motus, quatenus ita <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſt; <lb></lb>vel <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſpectatur, vel partes eius ſeorſum, quae ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> obſeruetur id ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> concitatur <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> <lb></lb>agitur eò, quò ducit illud appetitus, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="inuitũ">inuitum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> coactum præcipitatur. </s> <s>Si verò partes ſin<lb></lb>gulas reſpicias, habent & ipſę motus <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> præfinitos, vt homine brachia quæ in anteriora <expan abbr="flectũtur">flectuntur</expan>; <lb></lb>in cane <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> crura quæ brachiis reſpondent, in poſteriora; ſi minus vi, & contra naturam. </s> <s>Verùm ſi <lb></lb>mente, quandò reipſa animali ſaluo fieri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; animus à corpore ſeuocetur, & motus corporis ſub <lb></lb><expan abbr="conſiderationẽ">conſiderationem</expan> cadat, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> vel totius eſt, vel partis: ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> accipias; <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> poteſt totum moueri ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> propter <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> partium: ſpiritus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> leuis eſt, os <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> graue; partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pro illatum con<lb></lb>ditione, & ſecundùm, & contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> agi contingit. </s> <s>Illa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quæ mouentur ab alio, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="natu-rã">natu<lb></lb>ram</expan> mouentur, & præter naturam: ſecundùm ſanè; velut aqua & terra deorſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea, ſi contra mo<lb></lb>ueantur; non amplius ſuapte natura, ſed vi mouebuntur. </s> <s>Ex his igitur <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> colligere licet ea quæ mo<lb></lb>uentur, ab alio moueri, & id iis quæ violentia mouentur multò <expan abbr="planiſsimũ">planiſsimum</expan> eſt: perſpicimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſaxum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4858"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>petere cœlum, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> impellitur è proiiciente. </s> <s>Secundo loco id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſtat in iis quæ mouentur à ſe <lb></lb>ipſis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> mouentur ab animo; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan>; ſed ſiquid habent obſcuritatis <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> motus; illud <lb></lb>eſt, quia lateat quo pacto moueantur ab anima: an'ne tanquàm nauis à nauta; nam videtur animal <lb></lb>habere <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> mouentem ab ea <expan abbr="ſeiunctã">ſeiunctam</expan> quæ <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, & ita à ſe ipſo moueri, quia mouentur à parte <expan abbr="qua-dã">qua<lb></lb>dam</expan> interna, vt nauis, & ſic per ſe moueri, neque ſecundùm <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, quia conſtet è parte mouente, & parte <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>. </s> <s>Reſtant inanima quæ ſi ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouenda ſint; obſcurum eſt an'ne ab alio mo<lb></lb>ueantur, & à quónam: neque enim ſenſus ſatis efficax eſt huiuſce principiis monſtrator, & monitor. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm quia nos de hac re olim vberrimè diſputauimus, ac docuimus ipſa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab alio moueri, conſe<lb></lb>quetur, vt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ moueri nouimus, ab alio moueantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> id contingit dupliciter proximè & ſi<lb></lb>ne medio, vel remotè, & aliquo intercedente: vt ſi ego ipſe lapidem, aut baculo mouerem: quanuis ſi <lb></lb>hæc mouentia <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> conferantur: magis id mouet quod remotius eſt: nam ſine proximo quidem ego <lb></lb><expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan> mouere poſſem: at baculus certè non moueret, niſi ego ipſe prius excitaſſem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtrunq.">Vtrunque</expan> tamen <lb></lb>id quod primò mouetur, ab alio mouetur; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc rurſus ab alio, aut non: ac ſi rurſus ab alio; id aut <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> procedet, aut ad aliquod primum <expan abbr="deueniendũ">deueniendum</expan> eſt, quod à ſeipſo concitetur: infinitum ſanè <lb></lb>in ordine <expan abbr="mobiliũ">mobilium</expan> non datur: non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> enim eſſe aliquid <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, poſtremumúe in infinito, quod tamen <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4859"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in re noſtra poſitum eſt: erit igitur aliquid quod cum primò moueatur, à ſeipſo mouebitur. </s> <s>Eodem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modo ſi non moueatur ab alio. </s> <s>ſit ergo primùm aliquod mouens quod ſanè tanquam efficiens <lb></lb>accipiendum eſt (tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> adhuc è 7. Phyſ. eſſe <expan abbr="cõſtitit">conſtitit</expan>, quod modò narrauimus, quod ſimul eſt cum mo<lb></lb>bili, atque in mouendo mouetur) hoc etiam, cum ab alio non moueatur, à ſeipſo moueatur opus eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem in motibus ab alio ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> eò veniendum eſt, quae ſi ſit primùm aliquod mouens; id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe, hoc eſt, à ſe ipſo moueri debeat. </s> <s>Facilè etiam ex eiſdem principiis perſpicere licet aliquid eſſe <lb></lb>quod ſeipſum primò mouet, ſeu à ſeipſo primò mouetur; ſi ſpectemus per quæ <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> mouetur quæ <lb></lb>ſcilicet, ipſum mouent: ſunt verò hæc inſtrumenta: nam miſſo infinito, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt; ſemper eſt venien<lb></lb>dum ad aliquid quod mouet ſeipſo: quandoquidem hoc quo mouet, aut ſeipſo mouet, aut habet poſt <lb></lb>ſe aliud quo moueat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc poſterius quo mouet, ſine alio quod ſeipſo mouet, mouere non poteſt, <lb></lb>quod ſi ipſum ſeipſo mouet, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> aliud quo moueat, ſed ſi aliud aliquid ſit, quo moueat, aut igi<lb></lb>tur in infinitum proceſſus eſt in iis quæ aliò mouent, aut eò demùm redigenda res eſt, vt ſi id quod ſe<lb></lb>ipſo moueat. </s> <s>Sed cum etiam hoc moueatur; ergo illò <expan abbr="perueniendũ">perueniendum</expan> eſt, vt ſit id quod à ſeipſo <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Planum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt ex eo, quòd ſiquid mouetur ab aliquo quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> moueatur; aut hoc quod eſt moueri <lb></lb>ab eo quod moueatur, eſt per accidens, aut per ſe; at non per accidens, eo quòd id quod eſt per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, <lb></lb>eſt contingens, id verò non eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quòd ſi tale ſit; non eſſe ponatur; ſalſum fortaſſe conſequetur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <pb pagenum="839"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4860"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tamen eiuſmodi, vt fieri non poſsit. </s> <s>Ergo mouens erit quod in <expan abbr="mouẽdo">mouendo</expan>, non neceſſariò moueatur; ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> moueri non queat. </s> <s>ſi igitur <expan abbr="mouendũ">mouendum</expan> <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ſit ab aliquo quod nequeat mouere, niſi mo<lb></lb>ueatur aliquando; etiam quando, ſcilicet, non mouebitur, non poterit & ipſum mouere, & ſic ceſſabit <lb></lb>motus, quem tamen eſſe <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> ante oſtendimus. </s> <s>Ne igitur in abſurdum incidamus, fateri oportet <lb></lb>id quod mouetur ab aliquo, moueri ab eo quod tamen per accidens non moueatur. </s> <s>Prętereà tria ſunt <lb></lb>in ordine <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> & mobilium; id quod mouet: id quod ab alio mouetur: & id quod eſt ſicut inſtru<lb></lb>mentum, ſeu medium, quod mouet ſimul & mouetur, & mouet quia mouetur. </s> <s>Sicut ergo reperitur id <lb></lb>quod ſolùm mouetur, neque mouet; <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> reperiri fas eſt id quod in mouendo non mouetur, ab alio .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>quod ſi mouet, quia mouetur; ergo à ſeipſo moueatur neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam per ſe mouetur <lb></lb>ab alio: nam ſi mouens, quatenus mouet, ab alio moueatur, aut <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, aut alia ſpecie motus agitabitur, <lb></lb>quae ſi alia dixeris, aut erit progreſſus in infinitum, quod reclamat natura, aut ſi finiti fuerint motus; illo <lb></lb><expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> motio finietur quam mouens incuſsit. </s> <s>eodem igitur motu <expan abbr="concitabit̃">concitabitur</expan>, quo mouebat ita diſcet <lb></lb>& docebit, ſimul habebit <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan>, & planè ignorabit, quæ cùm contraria ſint; nullo modo poſſunt vnà <lb></lb>conſtare. </s> <s>Accidet etiam <expan abbr="quiddã">quiddam</expan> quod multò improbabilius eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & præter rationem eſt, & ſimi<lb></lb>le figmenti, vt quod habet vim ædificandi ædificetur, aut ſi per medias mutationes id præſtandum ſit, <lb></lb>vt alterans augeſcat, aut ſecundùm <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> mutetur. </s> <s>quapropter ad aliquid <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> venire oportebit quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4861"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per ſe moueatur, & à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Atque hoc quidem erit cauſſa motus magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod ab alio mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quod à ſeipſo mouetur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> per ſe mouetur, quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> per ſe tale eſt, vt habeat in ſe ipſo <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>ſui motus, magis eſt cauſſa motus, quàm id quod per aliud exiſtit, & alij ſui motus occaſionem refert <lb></lb><expan abbr="acceptã">acceptam</expan>: & generatim <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod per ſe eſt, cuicuimodi ſit, magis eſt tale, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod non eſt eiuſmo<lb></lb>di & cùm ita ſit, cauſſa eſt cęteris, quae talia ſint, multò <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> magis eſt, & magis cauſſa quod habet in ſeipſo <lb></lb>principia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, talis attributi, quale eſt id quod per ſe <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> habens in ſeipſo <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mouens & mo<lb></lb>bile. </s> <s>His igitur <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="corollariũ">corollarium</expan> ſubiungatur. </s> <s>id de <expan abbr="mouẽte">mouente</expan> & mobili ſeorſum prædicari. </s> <s>Si vnum <lb></lb>per ſe exiſtat, & alterum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per ſe existere opus eſſe, & à ſeparatione mobilis procedere rationem: <lb></lb>apparet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum eſſe ſeparatum; de primo <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> quod eſt immobile dubitatur; & ſic <expan abbr="conſeruat̃">conſeruatur</expan> via do<lb></lb>ctrinæ, quae <expan abbr="exordiẽdum">exordiendum</expan> eſt à notis nobis. </s> <s>nota verò nobis ſunt item poſteriora natura quale eſt primum <lb></lb>mobile. </s> <s>Nouimus igitur aliqua viciſsim moueri, & manere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſeorſum, aut manere, aut moue<lb></lb>ri: prætereà quæ mouentur, ab alio moueri, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> mobile ſit, ſed neceſſariò tale futurum eſſe, ſi ſit <lb></lb>mobile primum, vt non ab alio quidem, ſed à ſeipſo moueatur: hoc verò animal eſſe cenſendum eſt: <lb></lb>animal <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt id quod à ſeipſo mouetur. </s> <s>proptereà dicebat Ariſt. </s> <s>omnes motus naturales adminiſtrati <lb></lb>primùm ab animali, ſiue noſtrate, ſeu cœleſti,<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod cùm hoc loco <expan abbr="neglectũ">neglectum</expan> fuerit ab 8. libri interpre<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4862"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4863"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tibus, <expan abbr="magnorũ">magnorum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> lapſuum in cauſſa fuit. </s> <s>Ergo tanquam ab animali fit primus motus: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per <lb></lb>ſe mobile ſolùm eſt, & è parte per ſe mouente, & altera per ſe mota conſtat. </s> <s>Tranſeamus nunc ad eius <lb></lb>proprietates ſpectandas.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4857"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4858"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4859"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4860"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4861"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4862"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4863"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua ratione, quáue ſpecie motus id quod eſt per ſe mobile, moueatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIIX.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOC verò patebit alio ſumpto exordio: nobis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nunc <expan abbr="examinandũ">examinandum</expan> eſt, quæ <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> mouens <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> <lb></lb>moueat, & moueatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item qua ſpecie motus: id verò cùm è duobus partibus conſtet, è mo<lb></lb>uente .ſ. </s> <s>& mota; ſigillatim <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> natura exploranda. </s> <s>Primùm igitur à mobili incipiamus: hoc enim <lb></lb>magis <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> nobis eſt: inter alias verò illius conditiones ea fuerat, vt eſſet <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, & diuidi poſſet <lb></lb>in ea quæ ſemper diuidua forent. </s> <s>Si igitur ſe mouere debeat, aut ita ſe mouebit, quia totum moueat to<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>aut quòd vna pars, aut plures, dum ſe per ſe mouent, <expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan> totum, aut partes inter ſe moueant, <lb></lb>aut quae totum moueat partem, aut quae pars vna mobilis moueat <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> partem <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan>, & ex hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mo<lb></lb>ueatur totum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> totum mouet <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> idem ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> per <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> ſpeciem motionis age<lb></lb>ret, & mutaretur: quare etiam foret actu, & poteſtate ſimul, & <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> poteſtate, quatenus moueretur; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4864"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actu verò, quatenus moueret, nec pars vtraque <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> concitare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> fuerit A.B. & eius duæ <lb></lb>partes A. & B. vt .ſ. </s> <s>A. moueat B. & B. rurſus moueat A. quandoquidem efficietur, vt <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ſit pri<lb></lb>mum mouens. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouit prius, cauſſa potior eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi A. mouet B. & B. contrà mouet A. moue<lb></lb>bit A. magis, quàm B. Rurſus ſi B. moueat A. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> A moueat B. magis mouebit B. quam facit A. ſic par <lb></lb>erit pondus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> mouentis. </s> <s>Quinetiam, ſi ab alio quod mouetur, fiat motus: neceſſe profectò erit, <lb></lb>vt ab eo fiat quod à ſeipſo mouetur. </s> <s>ita ſi B. mouetur ab A, erit hoc quod ſeipſum mouebit à quo B. <lb></lb>mouebitur. </s> <s>hoc ergo per ſe concitabitur: quòd ſi contrà moueatur à B. id per accidens erit. </s> <s>poterit igi<lb></lb>tur non moueri contrà ab ipſo B. Quanquam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan>, vt quod mouet, contrà perpetuò mo<lb></lb>ueatur ab eo quod ipſum mouit, ſed aliquid mouet quod à ſeiſpo mouetur, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab eo quod <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eſt immobile. </s> <s>non ergo pars <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> poteſt loco mouere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item pars vna, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>plures mouent <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, quia mobiles per ſe ſint: etenim aut <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ita mouebitur ex hac hypotheſi, quia ſe <lb></lb>per ſe moueat primò, aut, quia moueatur à partibus, ac ſi dixeris ex eo moueri per ſe totum, quia pars <lb></lb>per ſe moueatur: ergo etiam pars ſeparata per ſe mouebitur; non autem <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>: totum igitur non mo<lb></lb>uebitur per ſe primò. </s> <s>Quòd ſi velis totum moueri primò per ſe; partes per accidens mouebuntur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> poterunt non moueri. </s> <s>Reſtaret igitur, vt ſic <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> parte moueretur, quia moueretur ab immobili; <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hypotheſi aduerſatur. </s> <s>Conſequetur etiam, vt ſint duo <expan abbr="mouẽtia">mouentia</expan>, <expan abbr="duoq́">duoque</expan>. </s> <s>motus vnius <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſubiecti: nam ſi totum moueatur à toto, quia pars vna ſit per ſe mouens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera moueatur: totum <pb pagenum="840"></pb>in primis à toto mouebitur, & ſic pars mobilis à toto, eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouebitur à parte quæ .ſ. </s> <s>ſe primò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4865"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouit. </s> <s>Non me latet non paruas excitatas de concluſione hac fuiſſe controuerſias à Græcis, <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan>, <lb></lb>& Simplicio,<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab Auerroë, exiſtimantibus Simplicio & Auerroë <expan abbr="concluſionẽ">concluſionem</expan> hanc non fuiſſe in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4866"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ductam veluti abſurdam, quemadmodum nos cum Alexandro conſcripſimus; verùm quòd res ita ſit <lb></lb>atque ea ſit mens Ariſtotelis: ad id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perſuadendum illa <expan abbr="plurimũ">plurimum</expan> poterant, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>paullò ante hæc <lb></lb>ipſa pronunciaſſet. </s> <s>“Totius igitur, hoc quidem mouebit, immobile cùm ſit; illud autem mouebitur. </s> <s>ſic <lb></lb>enim ſolùm fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt aliquid per ſe mobile ſit.” Prætereà, quia non neceſſe fuerat tot <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> deſtrue<lb></lb>re; quandoquidem vno perempto nimirùm primo quod erat, totum non mouere totum; apparebat <lb></lb>per ſe quintum quod eſt huiuſmodi, quia pars immobilis moueat alteram <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quę mobilis eſt. </s> <s>ac ſi re<lb></lb>liqua præter hæc fuere deſtructa; illa quidem ſunt in quibus minus euidens eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> accidentis. </s> <s>in hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>quod nuper attulimus, & in eo, quòd totum moueat <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>; accidens ita <expan abbr="perſpiciũ">perſpicium</expan> eſt, vt confutatione <lb></lb>dignum non eſſe videatur: proptereà neglecta hæc ab Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe. </s> <s>Sed illud mihi difficultatem affe<lb></lb>rebat, quòd non ſatis perſpicio, quo tendant illa quæ mox adſcripta ſunt. </s> <s>“Amplius. </s> <s>ſiquidem tota mo<lb></lb>ueat ſeipſam, hoc quidem mouebit ipſius, illud verò <expan abbr="mouebit̃">mouebitur</expan>.” A.B. <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> à ſeipſa <expan abbr="mouebit̃">mouebitur</expan>, & ab ipſa A. <lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc verę concluſioni <expan abbr="adiiciunt̃">adiiciuntur</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> corroboratura, ad quid'nam conferunt? </s> <s><expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> neceſſaria <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>? <lb></lb></s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſe eſt hoc, ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> mouet <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, quia pars vna ſit <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>; altera mobilis, quod <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> à toto & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4867"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>parte <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> à toto, ſed <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, quia <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> à parte, quae ſi <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> à toto, ideſt per <lb></lb>accidens, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="negligendũ">negligendum</expan> fuerat. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> video, quemadmodum ipſum A. à quo <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> <lb></lb>pars, ſit immobile, vbi <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ex A. & B. totum moueatur: ideò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam id ex hac concluſione <lb></lb>efficietur quod aduerſarij contendunt, vt ex his <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mouens cognoſcatur. </s> <s>Neque placet pro eo, quae <lb></lb>eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἒτι</foreign> .i. </s> <s>reponere <foreign lang="grc">ὡστε</foreign> .i. </s> <s>igitur, tanquam hoc inferatur veluti concluſio. </s> <s>potius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſequebatur totum <lb></lb>moueri à parte, quia pars vna, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> immobilis <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> moueret, & id, ſiue quia mobilis per ac<lb></lb>cidens; ſiue quia ſimpliciter immobilis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc meo quidem iudicio ſupereſt adhuc <expan abbr="inquitẽdum">inquirendum</expan>; <lb></lb>velut etiam Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe poſteà nos admonuit. </s> <s>Dices id fortaſſe conſequi, ſi mobile per ſe ſtatuatur: quo<lb></lb>niam hoc id dicitur quod ſe totum mouet, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ex vna parte quæ moueat ſolùm, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> <lb></lb>ſolùm moueatur, conflatum ſit, quod erat certè nos docere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> totum <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> moueret. </s> <s>ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="mõſtrare">monſtrare</expan> totum à toto moueri, & à parte, potius eſt accipere <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> à toto moueri, quàm explicate, vt à <lb></lb>parte motus toti communicetur. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae eam ſpeculationem paullò poſt <expan abbr="aggredit̃">aggreditur</expan> Ariſtoteles, <lb></lb>vt optimè videas ipſum non vlterius fuiſſe prouectum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt inuenerit mouens quod non moueatur ab <lb></lb>alio: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dum docuiſſe, vt moueatur à ſeipſo. </s> <s>Id quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> confirmari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ex ea <expan abbr="cõcluſione">concluſione</expan> quam paul<lb></lb>lò inferius attulit, vbi concludebat, quod per ſe <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, è duabus partibus eſſe conflatum quarum vna <lb></lb>mouens eſſet, altera autem mobilis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hę vel inter ſe <expan abbr="tangerẽt">tangerent</expan>, quod proprium eſt corporum, vel altera <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4868"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tantùm tangerent, altera verò tangeretur: eueniret <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hoc, ſi mouens eſſet incorporeum. </s> <s>ita, vt liqui<lb></lb>dò conſtet non dum eſſe <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> ex demonſtratis, vtrùm mouens ſit corpus, an in <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan>, ſed præ<lb></lb>tereà <expan abbr="decernendũ">decernendum</expan>; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolùm rationem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="deductã">deductam</expan>, vt ſit illud ſeipſum mouens quod præ<lb></lb>tereà poſsit in alia principia ſecari. </s> <s>Cenſeo igitur vnà cum Alexandro hoc tanquam abſurdum fuiſſe <lb></lb>illatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> apud me multùm valent obiecta: nam concluſio illa non ſimpliciter prolata fuiſſe vi<lb></lb>detur, ſed <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> illius excluſio quod ab aduerſariò fuerat acceptum; nempè quòd pas <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <lb></lb>concitaret. </s> <s>Eſt etiam lubricus ille locus à methodi redundantia ſumptus: quandò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> methodi repu<lb></lb>dient maiorem cuiuſpiam rei explanationem. </s> <s>Quamobrem tametſi in oppoſito reliqua elucerent; <lb></lb>ſemper tamen dicere licebit ad maiorem perſpicuitatem illa etiam fuiſſe animaduerſa.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4864"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4865"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4866"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 42.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4867"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4868"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum ſe habeat primum per ſe mobile ad ſuas parteis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIX.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="ITAq.">ITAque</expan> progrediamur vlterius, & alia facta mouentium <expan abbr="mobiliumq́ue">mobiliumque</expan> partitione id quod primò <lb></lb>mouet, adhuc diligentius indagemus. </s> <s>Ordo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouentium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mobilium conſtat è tribus; mouen<lb></lb>te ſolùm, mobili ſolùm, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mouente ſimul, & mobili quod eſt inſtrumentum, vt ſi in animali <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4869"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primum ſit cor, aut anima: mobile ſint muſculi, aut membra, mouens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & mobile ſimul, vt <expan abbr="inſtru-mentũ">inſtru<lb></lb>mentum</expan>, ſpiritus & ea quæ Hyppocrates appellat <foreign lang="grc">ἐνορμῶντα</foreign> .i. impetum facientia: ex his <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> conſtitui<lb></lb>tur quod ſe per ſe mouet: nam continet <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> principia quæ ad efficiendum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> requiruntur: at ſi ſpe<lb></lb>ctentur eius partes ſigillatim, vbi vltima <expan abbr="ſecernat̃">ſecernatur</expan> ab aliis, quia nihil ipſa mouebat adhuc; reliquæ duæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> præſtabunt: ſuperſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duo principia quæ ſint idonea facere motum; mouens nimirùm, & id <lb></lb>quod mouetur. </s> <s>Sed ſi animus, aut cor auferantur; profectò nullus erit motus, eo quia ſpiritus moue<lb></lb>bant <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed non per ſe, verùm, quia mouerentur ab animo, aut à corde: ergo ex mouente, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> immobili, & ex mobili <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> id quod ſe mouet primò: talia <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe animam, aut cor accepimus, <lb></lb>ac ſi libeat, ita potes efformare duos ſyllogiſmos quibus vniuerſa loci huiuſce <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> comprehendatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Illud ſine quo fit motus, non eſt pars neceſſaria motus. </s> <s>Sed ſine oſsibus, vtputa adhuc fit motus: non <lb></lb>igitur oſſa ſunt pars neceſſaria motus: at oſſa ſunt mobile duntaxat: id igitur, quod mobile ſolùm eſt, <lb></lb>non eſt pars neceſſaria motus. </s> <s>& contra. </s> <s>Id ſine quo motus, non conſiſtit, pars eius eſt neceſſaria. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> animo aut corde, & ſine illo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod mouetur, motus non conſeruatur: ergo duæ iſtę ſunt <lb></lb>partes neceſſariæ motus, ſiue inter ſe tangant, veluti corpora, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alterum tantummodò tangat, ſicut <lb></lb>animus tangit corpus, nec contrà tangitur ab ipſo. </s> <s>Sic habebimus id quod mouet primò, nec ab alio <lb></lb>mouetur, ne fiat proceſſus in infinitum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illi repugnat hactenus eſſe corpus. </s> <s>Cęterùm quia tale ge <pb pagenum="841"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4870"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus mobilis non ſufficit ad <expan abbr="aperiendũ">aperiendum</expan> illud <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quod in præſentia veſtigamus; vlterius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="pro-cedendũ">pro<lb></lb>cedendum</expan> eſt, & alia hypotheſis aſſumenda quæ talis eſt. </s> <s>Nam fingitur hoc mouens eſſe <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, non <lb></lb>ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mobile ipſum. </s> <s>Verùm, quia latet modus, quo continuitas huic ipſi mouenti tribuenda ſit, <lb></lb>& extat repugnantia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> inter ea quæ mox dicenda ſunt, atque illa quæ nos olim conſtituimus è <foreign lang="grc">*</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Phyſ. anteà libet explanare, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> ſit in hac <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> continuum. </s> <s>Nouimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conti<lb></lb>nuum per ſe & per accidens eſſe, vt id quod ineſt in continuo, velut albedo. </s> <s>Rurſus mouentia poſſunt <lb></lb>à nobis exponi continua, vel quia ſint corpora, vt ſi <expan abbr="ſaxũ">ſaxum</expan> ſuo pondere moueat <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, vel etiam virtutes <lb></lb>in corpore, vt grauitas. </s> <s>Iterum continuum mouens eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſi non vnum cum mobili ipſo ſimpliciter <lb></lb>factum: oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea ſe tangere, vt & nuper acceptimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> olim demonſtrauimus; ſicuti cor cui ner<lb></lb>ui, aut venæ appenduntur, aut prætereà, quia mouens cum mobili extendatur, quod euenit fortaſſe in <lb></lb>ea quæ tantum mouent, quantum proximè tangunt. </s> <s>In hoc igitur loco mihi videtur Ariſt. </s> <s>adhuc inde <lb></lb>finitè ſumere mouens, ſeu corpus à mobili ſeiugatum, ſeu virtutem in corpore, ſed planè tale, vt cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4871"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mobili non <expan abbr="cõtinuetur">continuetur</expan>; veluti cum arteriis, aut neruis ipſum cor, vt ex illis vnum <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> continuum fiat <lb></lb>ſecundùm longitudinem: verùm ita <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, quia inter ſe aptentur, vt ſimul diuidi poſsint, & quæ<lb></lb>libet pars mobilis obtineat <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> partem ipſius <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan>, quod fortaſſe euenit in illud genus formarum <lb></lb>quæ cum actu vnum ſint, potentia plura exiſtunt: quae ſiquis hanc mouentium rationem complecti velit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4872"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> genus formarum quæ per eſſentiam <expan abbr="cõmunicantur">communicantur</expan>, cùm. </s> <s>eſſentia ſit indiuidua, virtutem poteſt <lb></lb>accipere: nam virtus earum cum ſubiecto quoquo pacto producitur, cùm <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> pertineat, neque <lb></lb>pars vlla, quanuis minima, talis virtutis expers ſit; nam ſic etiam veluti diuidua cogitatur, & cum ſubie<lb></lb>cto producta. </s> <s>His ſtantibus facilè erit explicatu, quemadmodum conſtituendum ſit id quod ſe per ſe <lb></lb>mouet primò: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quia mobile B. ſecluſo A. partem habet <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> in ſe quæ ſe per ſe moueat, & re<lb></lb>liquę ad eius motum moueantur, ſed <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> quod conſtat ex A. & B. eſt id quod ſe per ſe mouet, cùm in <lb></lb>eo <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ſit quod mouet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud quod mouetur. </s> <s>Ita totum per ſe mouetur excluſis partibus illis <lb></lb>quæ ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eius <expan abbr="agitant̃">agitantur</expan>, vt ſi virtus <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, vel per <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> cordis, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> per ſpiritus diffuſa ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ſunt quæ per ſe primò mouentur; non quia moueantur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> partis <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan>, ſed quoniam ha<lb></lb>bent in ſe duo motus initia rediſtincta; ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> accipiatur, quod conſtat <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> è carne & oſsibus, hoc per ſe <lb></lb>primò non mutetur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ibi ſunt prætereà membra quæ ad motum ſpirituum, aut cordis excitantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> profligatur illa dubitatio quam in medio afferebat Ariſtoteles:<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſint <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> continua, & ab <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4873"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alterutro, aut ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> pars deteratur; vtrum'ne reliqua pars mouentis mouere poſsit, & pars reſidua <lb></lb>moueri, an potius <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> intermittant. </s> <s>Cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non moueatur, ſi è duabus partibus mobili .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>& mouente conflatur? </s> <s>verùm ſi moueatur adhuc, ergo totum animal primo per ſe mobile non erat; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4874"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſine aliqua eius parte motus fieri poſsit. </s> <s>Hæc dubitatio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed eiuſmodi tamen, <lb></lb>vt negocium exhibuerit interprętibus:<emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> accipitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> cuius <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan> <expan abbr="cõcluſum">concluſum</expan> fuerat, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4875"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>parte <expan abbr="quieſcẽte">quieſcente</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> moueri poterat. </s> <s>Rurſus aliquid euenit quod iis repugnet quæ nuper tradita ſunt; <lb></lb>nimirùm <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex eo <expan abbr="iudicandũ">iudicandum</expan> eſſe aliquid mouere ſe per ſe; <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> pars ſe per ſe moueat; hîc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ac-cipit̃">ac<lb></lb>cipitur</expan> in toto pars quæ ſe per ſe moueat. </s> <s>Idcirco Vicomer. </s> <s>aiebat primùm, <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſolutionẽ">ſolutionem</expan> <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> dubita<lb></lb>tionis, quae prius in toto partes in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> forent: ideò partes <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſe mouere per ſe. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe <expan abbr="p̨">per</expan> ſe mouet, <lb></lb>actu ſit oportet: at cùm <expan abbr="ſeparant̃">ſeparantur</expan> à toto, tum <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> in actum <expan abbr="erũpunt">erumpunt</expan>: proptereà <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> ſe mouere queunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita ergo <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>partes in toto ſuperius accepiſſet, quatenus in toto ſunt; ita verò ſolùm poteſtate <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb>per ſe moueri partibus denegauit; in 7. verò Phyſ. deſignari <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu <expan abbr="diſiũgi">diſiungi</expan> à toto. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>hoc quod poſtremò loco <expan abbr="allatũ">allatum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> valde aptè pronunciatur, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſumitur ex deſignatione, adæ<lb></lb>quat, vt ipſi <expan abbr="volũt">volunt</expan>, <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> quę reipſa fit. </s> <s>notatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> certus ab <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="aliarũ">aliarum</expan> actu <expan abbr="ſegregat9">ſegregatus</expan>, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, ſi natura id efficeret: <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequeret̃">conſequeretur</expan> quod tribuimus <expan abbr="partib9">partibus</expan> ipſis ex deſignatione acceptis: veluti <lb></lb>ſi deſignemus <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ſedẽ">ſedem</expan> in cœlo & terminos motus; <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> valet, àc ſi natura partes eiuſmodi <lb></lb>produxiſſet, & illis <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> aſsignaſſet: ob id in propoſito rei natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="variat̃">variatur</expan>. </s> <s>Inſuper Ariſt. </s> <s>verba <expan abbr="repu-gnantiã">repu<lb></lb>gnantiam</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinerent">continerent</expan>: paullò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> antè acceperat fieri <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quia ſingulæ partes è duobus principiis <expan abbr="cõſtẽt">conſtent</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4876"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quia <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ab vna prima parte quæ moueat <expan abbr="ſeipsã">ſeipsam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> ſi ſtatuamus ita cohęrere <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, & mobile; <expan abbr="ſeruat̃">ſeruatur</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> 7. Phyſ. ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinuũ">continuum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="longitudinẽ">longitudinem</expan> <expan abbr="ſumebat̃">ſumebatur</expan>, & <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex <expan abbr="mouẽte">mouente</expan> & <lb></lb>mobili, vt ex manu, calamo, & charta; proptereà manu <expan abbr="quieſcẽte">quieſcente</expan> reliqua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> neceſſariò <expan abbr="manebãt">manebant</expan>. </s> <s>ſed hîc. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in qualibet parte ſint vis <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> & mobilis; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi <expan abbr="ſeparent̃">ſeparentur</expan> à toto per ſe mobile adhuc eſt: verùm non <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> anteà poteſtate <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> partes mobiles eſſent, & <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> actu per ſe primò <expan abbr="moueret̃">moueretur</expan>, poſt <expan abbr="diui-ſionẽ">diui<lb></lb>ſionem</expan> verò actu factæ ſunt, & ideò ſe per ſe mouent, vt ſi tota lacerta <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>, cuius vis per <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> cor<lb></lb>pus <expan abbr="extendit̃">extenditur</expan>: <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> eſt id quod ſe per ſe primò mouet, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> eſt in actu; partes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motu vacant, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in <lb></lb>actu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint; verùm ſi <expan abbr="diuidant̃">diuidantur</expan>; <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="aſſequunt̃">aſſequuntur</expan>, & plura ſunt quę ſe per ſe primò <expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan>: <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> in ſingulis <lb></lb><expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> partibus <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> facultas, & <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> & mobilis exiſtat. </s> <s>Ex his igitur <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtituẽdũ">conſtituendum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit id quod ſe per ſe mouet: immobile <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> eſſe oportet, & mobile, è quibus, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> per ſe fiat. </s> <s>immo<lb></lb>bile verò hactenus, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> pertinet ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> motus, <expan abbr="cui9">cuius</expan> ipſe auctor eſt; nec dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimpliciter im<lb></lb>mobile <expan abbr="cõclusũ">conclusum</expan> eſt, ſed in hoc aſsiduè verſamur, & vrgemur: in hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> <expan abbr="p̨tinaciter">pertinaciter</expan> hęrere oportet.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4869"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4870"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4871"></margin.target> <arrow.to.target n="fig12"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4872"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4873"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 44.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4874"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4875"></margin.target>b 7. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4876"></margin.target>D</s></p> <figure id="fig12"></figure> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ratio, qua concluditur eſſe motorem quendam æternum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XX.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>INDE verò per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> parare cępimus <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> primi <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan>; quippe quae, ſi motus generatim æternus <lb></lb>eſt, mouens <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> ſit neceſſe eſt, ita vt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> motus <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> intermittitur; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> deficiat <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, ſiue hoc <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit, ſiue plura. </s> <s>nec dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id nobis <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> factum eſt, quod <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> immobile ſit <pb pagenum="842"></pb>(neque id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dum ſimpliciter hîc <expan abbr="cõſtitit">conſtitit</expan>, ſed in eo motu <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> tum ſpectabamus) ſed tamen moueat: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4877"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de principiis immobilibus quæ <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vim mouendi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habeant; in pręſentia diſputatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt; peragetur <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, aut 7. Met. quà ideę è Philoſophię ſcena <expan abbr="explodent̃">explodentur</expan>, aut in extremo methodi illius, vbi <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> nume<lb></lb>ros Pythagoricos <expan abbr="inuehet̃">inuehetur</expan> Ariſtoteles; cur non <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eiuſmodi <expan abbr="erũt">erunt</expan> puncta & plana, è quibus <expan abbr="exiſtimatũ">exiſtimatum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt ab Antiquis res naturales eſſe <expan abbr="cõflatas">conflatas</expan> de quibus abundè 3. de Cęl. </s> <s>diſputatum eſt? </s> <s>quandoquidem <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc principia <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> & motus expertia poſita fuerunt, aut ad <expan abbr="sũmũ">summum</expan> <expan abbr="cõceſſus">conceſſus</expan> eſt eis motus <expan abbr="phã-taſticus">phan<lb></lb>taſticus</expan> de quibus <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nunc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tractamus. </s> <s>Verùm ſi motus æternus eſt generatim; neceſſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſt <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> qui primus ſit, & à quo proximè, aut remotè <expan abbr="proficiſcant̃">proficiſcantur</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> alij motus. </s> <s>id verò <expan abbr="cõ-ſtabit">con<lb></lb>ſtabit</expan> tum <expan abbr="ſpectãdo">ſpectando</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan>, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus ipſius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod ad <expan abbr="mouẽtia">mouentia</expan> pertinet; ita neceſſe eſt, <lb></lb>ſi motus generatim æternus eſt, mouens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan>; ſemper verò intellige non ſimpliciter, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, ſiue <expan abbr="alterãs">alterans</expan>, ſeu <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> alio <expan abbr="mõ">modo</expan> agens, & hoc ſiue <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſimpliciter, ſeu plura <lb></lb>quę ſibi <expan abbr="ſuccedãt">ſuccedant</expan> in <expan abbr="p̨petuũ">perpetuum</expan>, ac ſi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fuerit quod <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> ſit; <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> habemus quod volumus; ſi plura: aut <lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab vno <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> motore <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> oportet qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> <expan abbr="cõtinuet">continuet</expan>, ſiue ea per <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> <expan abbr="exi-ſtãt">exi<lb></lb>ſtant</expan>, & per <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> <expan abbr="tollant̃">tollantur</expan>, cuiuſmodi ſunt corpora caduca, ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="oriant̃">oriantur</expan>, & <expan abbr="collabant̃">collabantur</expan>, ſicut indiuidua <lb></lb><expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> ſine ortu & interitu; tales verò ſunt animę <expan abbr="brutorũ">brutorum</expan> quæ cum à <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> æterno <expan abbr="producãtur">producantur</expan>, ſic inter <lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="cõnectunt̃">connectuntur</expan>, vt in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> ſibi ſuccedentes poſteà ſint <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> motuum cauſſæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quae permaneat motus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4878"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex hoc genere <expan abbr="mouẽtiũ">mouentium</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plura in cauſſa eſſe poſſunt, niſi fuerint æterna; tametſi <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> ſucceſsio <expan abbr="cõpletur">completur</expan>, vnà <expan abbr="accipiant̃">accipiantur</expan>: fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ob id, <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> à caduco <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> per ſe proficiſci <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>& fortè ea cauſſa interior eſt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tradidit Ariſt. </s> <s>quia res <expan abbr="cupiũt">cupiunt</expan> potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe; indiuidua verò ſe <expan abbr="ppetuò">perpetuo</expan> <lb></lb>tueri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="poſsũt">poſsunt</expan>: propterea quod <expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> à principio <expan abbr="diſtãt">diſtant</expan>, ideò <expan abbr="cõtinuã">continuam</expan> <expan abbr="propagationẽ">propagationem</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ intereunt, <lb></lb>aliud quoddam principium præſtare oportuit, quem <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> eſſe confitemur: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maximè continuatur <lb></lb>rerum caducarum natura; quia generatio eſt via in <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan>: ſed cùm per <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> <lb></lb>perficiatur; ille verò fiat ab eo quod continuè mouet; hinc <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt ea <expan abbr="mouẽtia">mouentia</expan> quæ ſibi ſuccedunt ne<lb></lb>queant eſſe cauſſa perpetuitatis, & ſucceſsionis quæ nullo <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> intermittatur: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="corrumpit̃">corrumpitur</expan>, <lb></lb>nec à ſeipſo, nec <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à ſibi ſuccedente quod nondum ſit, <expan abbr="corrũpitur">corrumpitur</expan>; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> quod <expan abbr="generat̃">generatur</expan> à ſe ipſo <expan abbr="produ-cit̃">produ<lb></lb>citur</expan>, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab <expan abbr="antecedẽte">antecedente</expan> quod <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <expan abbr="corruptũ">corruptum</expan> eſt; ſed ab externo <expan abbr="quopiã">quopiam</expan> quod certe <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> gignit hoc, <expan abbr="corrũpit̃">corrumpitur</expan> <lb></lb>antecedens. </s> <s>Ita ergo duorum ſucceſsio quę <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmutant̃">commutantur</expan>, à tertio <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <expan abbr="adminiſtrat̃">adminiſtratur</expan>. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõfirmabimus">confirmabimus</expan> ex eo quod Tex. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſubſequẽte">ſubſequente</expan> <expan abbr="adſcriptũ">adſcriptum</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cæteroqui mihi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> placet illud quod aiunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan> probantes <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> talem <expan abbr="perpetuitatẽ">perpetuitatem</expan> efficere poſſe (quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouens vnum id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> efficiat, dubium <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt) quae <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſunt infinita, nec vnà ſunt; ac ſi infinita; cauſſa eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſunt, ſi non vnà ſunt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſimul efficere. </s> <s>cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſe ſit ea, ſi ſint infinita, ſimul eſſe, vt ſimul efficiant? </s> <s>non'ne virtus à priore <lb></lb>ſubſequentib. <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi maneat, <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>? </s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> neceſsitas, vt ſimul efficiant, <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ſucceſsioni ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4879"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neratio, & motuum generatim perpetua propagatio ſubiecta eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poſtulat, vt <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> effectus vnà ſint? <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo & motus, <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> generatim perpetuus ſit; opus habet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alio motu à quo multorum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò infi<lb></lb>nitorum <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ſucceſsio <expan abbr="cõtinuet̃">continuetur</expan>, qui vel vnus ſit, vt ſi mundus fuerit vnus, vel plures, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>opinati ſunt <expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan>. </s> <s>quare cùm hic <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> fiat ab vno motore; vnum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, aut plura, ſeu <lb></lb>infinita, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> paria motib. illis primis ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> verò finita ponere melius eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> infini<lb></lb>ta, & vnum præſtat multis. </s> <s>Multorum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principatus bonus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt: vnus princeps eſto, Rex vnus. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ęquè præſtare poſsit, ac plura; dicemus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motores illos primos eſſe finitos potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> infinitos, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> multos, qui <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit æternus, ęterno <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> producat, à quo mox <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> alij motus <expan abbr="proficiſcant̃">proficiſcantur</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="animantiũ">animantium</expan> tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan>, qui <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſine <expan abbr="animãtiũ">animantium</expan> motu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="efficiunt̃">efficiuntur</expan>; ſiue id ſit cęlum. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc <lb></lb><expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> eſſe poſteà docebimus; ſiue <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> viuentia ſint apud nos: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etenim illud generat & <expan abbr="corrũpit">corrumpit</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="generãdo">generando</expan> dat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, dando <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> dat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> conſequentia <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> motus ipſe potiſsimè <expan abbr="numerat̃">numeratur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="nr̃a">nostra</expan> verò & trahunt extra proprium locum, & pellunt, & vertunt, & vehunt, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc faciendo vi <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> <lb></lb>illorum naturæ illata, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="præſtãtia">præſtantia</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> proximè <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> remotè: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & grauè premit, & ſcindit me<lb></lb>dium: id verò <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> efficeret, niſi <expan abbr="ageret̃">ageretur</expan> ab <expan abbr="animãte">animante</expan>, quod aut gigneret, aut alio <expan abbr="quopiã">quopiam</expan> modo <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-citaret">con<lb></lb>citaret</expan>. </s> <s>Ita à motus æternitate generatim <expan abbr="cõcludit̃">concluditur</expan> eſſe vnum motum ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſit æternus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4880"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hic vnus ſit, vnus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab vno motore, vnum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõuincit̃">conuincitur</expan> à quo motus ille pri<lb></lb>mus primò, per hunc verò deinceps alij <expan abbr="deriuent̃">deriuentur</expan>. </s> <s>Vnum verò à quo totum cœlum <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hic <lb></lb>quatenus vnus motus totius cęleſtis corporis reputatur; ita vt nihil attingat, quod attineat ad <expan abbr="multitu-dinẽ">multitu<lb></lb>dinem</expan> <expan abbr="mẽtiũ">mentium</expan> <expan abbr="beatarũ">beatarum</expan>, quas ſanè plures eſſe credimus, & <expan abbr="totidẽ">totidem</expan>, quot ſunt orbes, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> motus; <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> vna prima exiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Citat̃">Citatur</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hęc <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> Ariſt. 1. de Cęl. </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe, cùm mobile, tum <lb></lb><expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> ſe docuiſſe profitetur ex æternitate motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Hucuſq.">Hucuſque</expan> <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> hactenus ventum eſt, vt motum <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> eſſe intelligamus, & ex eo <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> vnum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> æternum. </s> <s>Reſtat nunc vt de huius <lb></lb>methodi vi <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan> dicamus, id verò conſequemur hiſce duob. </s> <s>animaduerſis. </s> <s>primò quidem reſoluta <lb></lb>ratione philoſophi in ſua primordia, deinde eo conſiderato, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> motus nos euehat ad <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4877"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4878"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4879"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4880"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Concluditur abſolutè primum motorem eſſe, & alia quæ ad illuſtrandas eas rationes attinent <lb></lb>afferuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXI.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXPEDIET item ſi naturam primi motoris aſſequi prorſus velimus, vt Ariſtotelis rationem <lb></lb>in ſua primordia reſoluamus, ac progrediamur à motu perpetuo generatim, & ex eo <expan abbr="cõcludamus">concludamus</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe quempiam motum continuum à quo ſucceſsio motuum ſpecie diuerſorum qui interpellantur, <lb></lb>perpetua reddi valeat. </s> <s>Nam ſi motus iſti ſibi deinceps ſuccedunt, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> continui ſunt, ſi non continui; <pb pagenum="843"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4881"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item exiſtit id quod ſemper eſt: ipſum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſemper eſt continuum: ergo etiam poſtulat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="quẽ-piam">quen<lb></lb>piam</expan> continuum cuius ipſum ſit numerus, & menſura: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> poteſt ipſum ſemper eſſe numerus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>quæ deinceps ſunt primò, ſed continui. </s> <s>Verùm id quod eſt continuum neceſſe eſt vnum ſit: vnus igi<lb></lb>tur ille motus qui continuus eſt: atqui nos olim docuimus vnum motum vnius eſſe mobilis, & ab vni<lb></lb>co motore proficiſci: quare ſi motus æternus eſt generatim, & motus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vnus ad numerum æter<lb></lb>nus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> æternum eſt primò vnius æterni menſura. </s> <s>ſi motus vnus ergo & mobile, & mouens vnum. <lb></lb></s> <s>ex hoc etiam quae æternus eſt motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem vnus; efficitur illud, vt motor item qui vnus eſt, ſit <lb></lb>perpetuus. </s> <s>Differentia verò inter continua, & ea quæ ſunt deinceps explanata fuerat 5. Phyſ. quæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de<lb></lb>inceps ſunt, multa exiſtunt, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>talia ſolùm, vt inter illa nil intercedat quod ſit generis eiuſdem: at con<lb></lb>tinua verè vnum ſunt, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeò, vt ſi continuus fuerit motus, ipſe protinus exiſtat vnus; & contrà ſi v<lb></lb>nus, item continuus: ac planum eſt, ſi motus vnus futurus ſit, id poſtulare, vt vnum ſit tempus, mobile <lb></lb>vnum, & mouens vnum. </s> <s>Vide verò <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> perſpicua cuncta reddantur, ſi ita procedamus quæ item ſi dili<lb></lb>genter aduerteris, mirum in modum congruunt cum verbis ipſis Ariſtotelis, & ea difficultas pellitur <lb></lb>ex hoc loco, quæ vexauit Simplicium & inter noſtros ſummum alio qui virum Franciſcum Vicomer<lb></lb>catum, qui exiſtimarunt Ariſtotelem in iis verbis accepiſſe <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> demonſtratum, ſi motus æternus eſſet <lb></lb>generatim; fore <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vnum motum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum continuum & æternum; aut etiam <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4882"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum ſpeciatim eſſe æternum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inde <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex demonſtratis inferri vnum eſſe motorem, & illum ſanè <lb></lb>perpetuum; cùm tamen ex eius verbis id tantum colligi poſsit, <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> fuiſſe motum generatim <lb></lb>eſſe perpetuum, & ex hoc nunc inferri ſi ſemper, neceſſe fore, vt ſit continuum. </s> <s>Sed meliùs hæc ex Grę<lb></lb>ca phraſi patebunt <foreign lang="grc">δέδεικται γὰρ ὅτι ἀνάγκη κίνησιν εἶναι, Eεἰδὲ ἀεὶ, ἀνάγκη καὶ συνὲχῆ εἶναι</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae neceſſe eſt ſemper eſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; ſi verò ſemper; neceſſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſſe continuum. </s> <s>Vbi repe<lb></lb>tunt <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">δεδεῖχθαι</foreign>. </s> <s>quaſi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> ſit, quae ſit <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, nos id <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="demõ-ſtrandũ">demon<lb></lb>ſtrandum</expan> aſſerimus, & vt id quod conſequatur <expan abbr="æternitatẽ">æternitatem</expan> <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> generatim; quaſi ſi fuerit æternus ge<lb></lb>neratim; quae inde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſequitur <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> fore <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> verò ad id <expan abbr="colligendũ">colligendum</expan> eſſe quod adiſci<lb></lb>tur <foreign lang="grc">καὶ γὰρ τὸ ἀεὶ συνεχές, τὸ δ' ἐφεξῆς οὐ συνεχὲς</foreign>. </s> <s>hoc eſt, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſemper <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>; quod verò dein<lb></lb>ceps non <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>: vbi <foreign lang="grc">ἀεὶ</foreign> pro <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> differentia <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> fuiſſe puto; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pro reipſa cui tribuen<lb></lb>da ſit æternitas, vt motus, aut vt <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> differentia <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="continuationẽ">continuationem</expan> manifeſtè ſignifi<lb></lb>cat quæ ſi ſuapte natura refertur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: ergo <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> motus continui neceſſariò fuerit, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="mo-tuũ">mo<lb></lb>tuum</expan> <expan abbr="multorũ">multorum</expan> qui ſibi neceſſariò ſuccedant. </s> <s>Nec igitur hoc accipitur vt <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan>, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> Vico<lb></lb>mercatus accipit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt hypotheſis, vt dicebat Simplicius. </s> <s>At quae immobile concluſum prius eſt eſſe id <lb></lb>quod primò mouet; ſi non ſimpliciter, eo <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> genere motus <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> efficit, & ſi non per ſe, ſaltem per ac<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4883"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cidens; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="dubitandũ">dubitandum</expan> fuit; an'ne id quod primò mouet in eo genere, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aliud quod immobile <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> eſt, ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cauſſa motus illius <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, atque <expan abbr="perennẽ">perennem</expan> ponimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eò deduxerimus <lb></lb><expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, vt viſum ſit <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, ab aliquo moueri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inanima ſemper ab alio quod ab ip<lb></lb>ſis eſſet diſtinctum; prætereà nouerimus id quod ab alio mouetur, aliquando <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> iri ab eo quod eſ<lb></lb>ſet per ſe mobile. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> erat <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan>, id verò ſecabatur in duas parteis <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, at<lb></lb>que <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan>, <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan> verò per ſe <expan abbr="immobilẽ">immobilem</expan> eſſe; nunc <expan abbr="videndũ">videndum</expan> eſt, vtrùm hoc poſsit eſſe <lb></lb>cauſſa motus, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobile, & <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mouens ſimpliciter à quo fiat motus ille perpetuus qui <lb></lb>ſit cauſſa perpetuæ ſucceſsionis in motib. non perpetuis, an aliud immobile ſimpliciter inueniendum <lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>Et certe <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> illud non eſſe <expan abbr="idoneũ">idoneum</expan> hoc pręſtare, conuincitur; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> & hoc ab alio mouetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>eſt auctor <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> qui fiunt in ipſo, velut <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> qui oriuntur ex nutritione. </s> <s>prætereà <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> mutant <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quando mouentur ex ſeipſis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> is eſt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> progrediuntur, & tendunt ad id quod extrà eſt, & pri<lb></lb>mo ipſa mouit. </s> <s>hoc verò illud eſt quod mouet, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> finis, & <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> ad quod <expan abbr="conſequendũ">conſequendum</expan> ipſa excitan<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id ſignificari puto per ea verba. </s> <s>Et mouent ſe ipſa, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> extra ſit. </s> <s>Si igitur & <lb></lb>aliis motib. agitantur, & aliud extra ipſa eſt à quo mouentur, & quia <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> mutant, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vniuerſa princi<lb></lb>pia interna <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> illis <expan abbr="cõmouentur">commouentur</expan>. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae & id quod extra eſt, quo animal tendit, vt ipſum adipi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4884"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcatur, eiuſmodi eſt, vt aliter ſe habere poſsit; ideò ſi varietur, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quieſcat animal oportet, quare <expan abbr="exter-nũ">exter<lb></lb>num</expan> verè <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus eſt quod certè manet immobile magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod eſt intus, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> appetitus, & <lb></lb>appetens, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> mouetur, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> eſt fons, & origo motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Planũ">Planum</expan> igitur quae animata <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nequeunt eſſe mouens il<lb></lb>lud <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ſimpliciter quod <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> ſit, & cauſſa motus vnius continui & perennis, ſed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="princi-piũ">princi<lb></lb>pium</expan> illud vniuersè quod extra eſt; <expan abbr="variũ">varium</expan> eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mutabile: quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ab alio <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> quod longè prius <lb></lb>ipſo ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> verò <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus <expan abbr="geminũ">geminum</expan> ſit, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> finis & efficiens: alterum quod expetitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="al-tũ">al<lb></lb>tum</expan> quod impellit; <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad animalis <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="propagandũ">propagandum</expan> concurrunt exterius, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>varia ſunt, & or<lb></lb>dine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <expan abbr="fataliterq́">fataliterque</expan>. </s> <s>mutantur, <expan abbr="itidemq́">itidemque</expan>. </s> <s>caſus <expan abbr="fortunæq́">fortunæque</expan>. </s> <s>vi, & inordinatè cientur, ac miris agentia <lb></lb>modis excitant animantia, dum afficiunt variè & vt proſequenda mox, alias vt vitanda ſeſe ipſis offe<lb></lb>runt, nec minus ipſa obiecta, vt <expan abbr="pulchrũ">pulchrum</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ambiens, quod alterando placet, aut diſplicet; ſingula <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc <lb></lb>id præſtare queunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> cęleſtium circuitus, & aſtrorum motus qui plurimum ſolent eſſe certi, & ordi<lb></lb>nati, cuncta propemodum gubernare videntur, & ſingula ferè diſponere, præ vt inter ſe habent ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> meridianum, ſitum, ortus, occaſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> congreſſus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in elementis primùm admirabiles <lb></lb>varietates efficiunt, inde in plantis, poſt in animalib. Et perſpicuè videre eſt ex ipſa <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> conſenſione <lb></lb>diſſenſioneúe hæc augeſcere, minui, & actionum, motum, <expan abbr="naturæq́ue">naturæque</expan> diſpariles alterationes, & vi<lb></lb>iſsitudines admittere. </s> <s>Nanque</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4881"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4882"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4883"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4884"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vere tepet picto Zephyris ſpirantibus aër<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <pb pagenum="844"></pb> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Decreſcunt celeres æſtiuis ignibus amnes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4885"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4885"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Temperies Autumne fluit tua nectare dulci<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Perque hyemem lentus cęlo niuis aduolat imber<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. - <expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> </s> <s>illud extat de plantis hoc modo.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ver agrum gemmis nitidum stellantibus ornat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>At feruens ęſtas pinguiſſima frugibus arua<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Mox autumnali redolet vindemia fętu. </s> <s></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Fronde nemus malè nudat hyems<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> -Ex his ad animantia deuenitur.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nam ſimul àc ſpecies patefacta eſt verna diei<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et reſerata viget genitalis aura Fauoni<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aërię primùm volucres te Diua, <expan abbr="tuumq́ue">tuumque</expan></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Significant initum perculſæ corda tua vi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Inde ferę pecudes perſultant pabula lęta</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et rapidos tranant amnes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> -Cæterùm Maro multò ſublimius.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et quia tempeſtas & cęli mobilis humor</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Mutauere vias, & Iuppiter humidus Auſtris</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Denſet erant quę rara modo, & quę denſa relaxat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;<arrow.to.target n="marg4886"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4886"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vertuntur ſpecies animorum, & pectora motus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nunc alios, alios dum nubila ventus agebat</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Concipiunt hinc ille auium concentus in agris</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et lætę pecudes & ouantes gutture corui<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Regiones etiam</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>terræ ſecum differunt per habitudine <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> ad vniuerſum, præcipirè verò per aſpectum ad Solem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sunt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in ſignes quinque potiſsimè, quas Zonas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> litteratorum claſſes <expan abbr="appellãt">appellant</expan>. </s> <s>Has item mutatio<lb></lb>nes homo ęgrè declinat, & earum multas vi naturæ ſubit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſpecies, & magnitudinés, & colo<lb></lb>res, iræ <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, cupiditates, & ſtudia pro cęli varietate diuerſa: ſunt. </s> <s>Quare multum ſuis præ dictionibus <lb></lb>aſtrologi conceſſere. </s> <s>Nihilominus ſapiens eorum imperium declinare poteſt, & vti iure ſuæ liberta<lb></lb>tis. </s> <s>Sed enim ſiue expetendum ſit id quod extrà eſt, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cęlum quod mouet, vt èfficiens, nullum ex <lb></lb>his primum mouens eſſe contingit. </s> <s>Ideò ſi primum mouens ſimpliciter eſſe non poteſt, quod familia<lb></lb>re & ingenitum eſt ei quod locum mutat, hoc verò eſt animal, quia mutat locum per accídens; neque <lb></lb>id, quod extra mouet, qui quidem finis eſt, quoniam aliquando mutatur, & deficit: ſi id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quod ab hu<lb></lb>iuſmodi principiis agitur, nequit perpetuò moueri: ergo perſpicuum eſt ab oppoſito, quod nullo pa<lb></lb>cto mouetur, nec per ſe, nec per accidens, eſſe primum illud mouens quod quęrimus; & <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobi<lb></lb>le id quod ab illo primo mouetur, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> ſit neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> immutabile, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4887"></arrow.to.target><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam</expan>, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>: manente <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primo principio manet id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, quod ex primo principio aptum <lb></lb>eſt, & ex eo proximè pendet: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prohibet <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> eſſe ſenſum eiuſmodi <expan abbr="verborũ">verborum</expan> <foreign lang="grc">καἱ μένειν τὸ ὄν ἀυτὸ έν <lb></lb>ἀυτῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀντῷ</foreign>. </s> <s>hoc eſt, & manere id quod eſt ipſum, in ipſo, & in eodem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> Deus ipſe eſt ens <lb></lb>ipſum quod eſt cauſſa cęteris quae ſint, manet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in primo mobili, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan>, & in eodem; <lb></lb>quia nullus progreſſus ab vno ad aliud in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> cadere poſsit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mòuens non <lb></lb>mouere nec per ſe, nec per accidens; aliter efficere non poſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, quod ad mobile ipſum at<lb></lb>tinebat; poterat quæri, vtrum'ne ipſum abhorreret à motu per accidens, an <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> hæc quæ mo<lb></lb>uentur apud nos, per accidens moueri poſſunt; ita & per accidens ea moueantur quæ manent in cęlo: <lb></lb>videtur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id euenire in ſtellas inferiores; quia motu proprio mouentur à ſuis principiis, ab occaſu ſci<lb></lb>licet ad <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan>; contrà verò ab ortu in occaſum, motu diurno à ſphæra inerrantium, alios quoque motus <lb></lb>ab aliis ſphæris adminiſtratos accepimus à veterib. aſtronomis Eudoxo, & Calippo quos imitatus eſt <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, dum intra Zodiaci terminos planetæ vagantur. </s> <s>& auctore Simplicio <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> cauſſas edo<lb></lb>cuit in lib. problematum <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>, qui ad noſtras manus iniuriæ <expan abbr="tẽporum">temporum</expan> non peruenit: <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="obrẽ">obrem</expan> <expan abbr="reſpõ-det">reſpon<lb></lb>det</expan> Ariſtoteles ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="dubitationẽ">dubitationem</expan> diſtinguens de principiis motus: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quod mouetur à ſe, vel ab alio <lb></lb>concitatur; & à ſe rurſus, aut per ſe aut per accidens; ac per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> à ſeipſo mouetur animal, quia di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4888"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uiditur in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, & <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quæ per ſe mouetur; per accidens <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> à ſeipſa anima, quan<lb></lb>dò mouet corpus, & ex eius motu mutat locum. </s> <s>Eſt & moueri ab alio, cùm mouens à mobili ſepara<lb></lb>tum eſt, nec cum eo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſubiecto conſiſtit: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id per ſe, vel per accidens. </s> <s>hunc; igitur <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, qui ab <lb></lb>alio fit, ſiue per ſe, ſiue per accidens in cęleſtib. ponere non veretur Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> verò qui eſt à ſeipſo per ac<lb></lb>cidens, ſolùm caducis attribuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> timendum non eſt, ne motus ille quo cientur planetæ, aut orbes <lb></lb>inferiores, de æternitate detrahat, quae ab alio fiat: ille planè <expan abbr="moleſtiã">moleſtiam</expan> poſſet afferre qui fit per accidens à <lb></lb>ſeipſo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Iã">Iam</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perſpicuum eſt quod mouet per accidens poſſe non mouere. </s> <s>Si ergo fuerit id quod per <lb></lb>ſe per accidens mouet; non igitur continuò mouebit: mouet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe per accidens, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> mouet aliud cuius <lb></lb>motu ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cietur; ideò ſi ſeipſum mouet per accidens; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſequitur, vt illud cuius motu agi<lb></lb>tur, non neceſſariò moueat. </s> <s>At quod ab alio mouetur per accidens, nil perpetuo moueri vetat; habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>id à quo per ſe moueatur, vel proximè vt orbis, vel per <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>, quatenus cum eo connexum eſt, de quo <lb></lb>principio ſuo loco dicetur. </s> <s>proinde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> fit, vt cęlum adhuc primum mobile haberi poſsit; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> cum <lb></lb>iſt hoc motu ſeruari poteſt ęternum. </s> <s>Et quanuis hæc ego <expan abbr="legã">legam</expan> ab Alexandro <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan> ad animas cor<lb></lb>porum cęleſtium, & hoc nomine confutari <expan abbr="videã">videam</expan> hanc <expan abbr="interpretationẽ">interpretationem</expan>, quaſi nulla talis anima ſit quæ <lb></lb>ponitur ab Alexandro; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> hactenus id <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> ſit, & poſteà <expan abbr="declarandũ">declarandum</expan>; non poſſumus hoc loco pro prin<lb></lb>cipiis vſurpare eas eſſe eſſentias ſeparatas, aut virtutes corporeas. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ſi virtutes incorporeæ ſint, ai <pb pagenum="845"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4889"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus eas nec per ſe, nec per accidens ab alio moueri, aut à ſe ipſis. </s> <s>ſi verò fuerint corporeæ virtutes, eas <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ab alio moueri, quanuis per accidens, nil fortaſſe prohibebit, vt de grauitate <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, quæ mo<lb></lb>uetur per accidens. </s> <s>Niſi fortè dixeris eas manere immobiles, quia non mutant <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat <lb></lb>quae Ariſtoteles arceat id quod eſt per accidens, à cęlo,<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia tollit illud per accidens quod eſt <expan abbr="fortuitũ">fortuitum</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4890"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& hoc ipſum quod eſt à ſeipſo moueri per accidens. </s> <s>Addo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, vt ab efficiente, quandò <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in genere fi<lb></lb>nis aſtra ſe ipſa <expan abbr="mouerẽt">mouerent</expan>, dum finis habentur motib. orbium, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>vehuntur ab orbe, qui motus eſt per <lb></lb>accidens. </s> <s>Magnum igitur quid intereſt inter id quod eſt moueri per accidens à ſeipſo, & moueri per ac<lb></lb>cidens ab alio, vt efficiente. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quae ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> partitio pertineat ad illa quæ mouentur ab alio, manife<lb></lb>ſtum eſt, vt cùm albedo chartæ mouetur ab impellente <expan abbr="chartã">chartam</expan>, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouetur per accidens; & à generan<lb></lb>te mouetur elementum per ſe, & per accidens aliquid à ſeipſo moueri poteſt, vt de anima dictum eſt, <lb></lb>grauitas per accidens <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non mouetur à ſeipſa, ſed à generante, aut remouente prohibens. </s> <s>Moueri <lb></lb>igitur à ſeipſo per accidens de cęlo denegatur, vt puto, quia tale principium idoneum non eſt efficere <lb></lb>primum motum, <expan abbr="qualẽ">qualem</expan> in præſentia veſtigamus, eo quae ex ſe ipſo ſufficiens non eſt, vt diximus, & appa<lb></lb>ret manifeſtò in animalib. Ita igitur ſi oſtenſum fuerit <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> in cęlo ſe habere ſicut <expan abbr="grauitatẽ">grauitatem</expan> in terra, <lb></lb>per accidens ab alio mouebuntur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe per accidens mouent, cùm in eo motu efficientis <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>non ſubeant. </s> <s>Sed tamen ea verba <expan abbr="p̨ſpicuè">perſpicuè</expan> pertinent ad ipſos orbes, quod defendebat Simplicius. </s> <s>Quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4891"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>.n. pertinet ad alium motum qui fit per ſe, cum in prima ſphæra, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in reliquis inferiorib. quae ab alio <lb></lb>concitentur, dubium non eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> difficilè eſt explicare, <expan abbr="quẽadmodum">quenadmodum</expan> ſit naturalis hic motus, cùm <lb></lb>ab alio ſit, nec ad eos terminos quos verſus agitur, <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> habere videatur, quia nimirùm in cor<lb></lb>pore ſimplici non niſi vna propenſio queat ineſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quae motus aliquis per accidens ſit, & naturalis, nil <lb></lb>ſanè prohibet, vt cùm elementa genita mouentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm ſit ab alio <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe, præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> pror<lb></lb>ſus ineſſe cenſebitur. </s> <s>Proptereà Peurbacchius hoc timens negauit motum in deferentib. <expan abbr="augẽ">augem</expan>, vt aſtro<lb></lb>nomi vocant; ad motum octauæ ſphæræ eſſe ab octaua ſphæra, ſed ita dici, quia foret illi <expan abbr="cõformis">conformis</expan>. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>iſte planè dum minus periculum declinat, in maius labitur imprudens; nanque aut in corpore ſimplici <lb></lb><expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> ponit, aut in eo duo principia mouentia collocat, & præripit <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> inuenien<lb></lb>di numerum ſubſtantiarum à materia ſecretarum. </s> <s>Proinde ſpecta, obſecro, an hoc defendi queat. </s> <s>Auia <lb></lb>.n. peragro, <expan abbr="quãobrẽ">quanobrem</expan> tu veritatis amator adiuua, obſecro, hunc meum conatum. </s> <s>Dico igitur in cęlo, <lb></lb>prout corpus eſt, & actu ſubſtantia, materiæ ſolius haberi <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, quicquid inſuper habet id illi contin<lb></lb>gere prout animatum. </s> <s>Nunc quæ inſunt ex neceſsitate materiæ, ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eius inſunt. </s> <s>At quae <expan abbr="cõ-tigua">con<lb></lb>tigua</expan> conſequantur, ineſt ex neceſsitate materiæ. </s> <s>ergo & ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> materiæ. </s> <s>quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> modo de<lb></lb>fendi poſſet hypeccauma ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> moueri, & abſurda ex duob. </s> <s>motib. accepta ad naturam <lb></lb>formæ transferre. </s> <s>Dico <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> hæc eſſe propria animati, quoad animatum eſt, vt partes eius <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan> mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4892"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tib. agantur, qui planè contrarij non ſunt, ſed per accidens, & ſubcontrarij. </s> <s>Verùm nos de his poſtea <lb></lb>copioſius. </s> <s>Sed quæ'nam ſpecies hæc motus? </s> <s>Raptum aſtronomi vocant, quem phyſici vocabunt? </s> <s><expan abbr="Equi-dẽ">Equi<lb></lb>dem</expan> non arbitror <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> rationis <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> motus eſſe in cęlo, & alio modo <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>, ab orbe moueri fatebor, alio <lb></lb>modo à mente; audies <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliud motus eſſe, principium in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> orbe, audies & animam. </s> <s>Et motus à <lb></lb>mente adminiſtratus eſt per ſe, vt à fine; ab anima, vt per ipſam, qui à dextra cęli parte, ab ipſa vt <expan abbr="efficiẽ-te">efficien<lb></lb>te</expan>; qui verò ab orbe, eſt per accidens: <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> qui totius orbis eſt, motum ſimpliciter <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>; aſtri verò <expan abbr="vectio-nẽ">vectio<lb></lb>nem</expan> <expan abbr="faciã">faciam</expan>, eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vectio motus per accidens: continetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab alio, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ad modum viſcera in ventribus, <lb></lb>& aliorum motu mouetur; nec in ipſo ſunt principia motus; illud habet per ſe quod mutat locum: <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> voco, & ex pulſu <expan abbr="tractuq́">tractuque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtare puto, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad ſeſe <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> trahit mens eas orbis partes <lb></lb>quæ illa potiri cupiunt, dum id fit, ex continuatione efficitur, vt aliæ quæ non potiebantur, ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> per<lb></lb>ueniant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> idcirco motus <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> ſunt: non oriuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex varia propenſionum mixtura; ſed vna <lb></lb>totius eſt vis; ex figura <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naſcitur illa varietas. </s> <s>Proinde valeant ij qui motum ab alio violentum eſſe <lb></lb>ſemper arbitrantur. </s> <s>Sed hoc omiſſo tranſeamus ad ea quæ ſequuntur. </s> <s>Omnino verò niſi fidem faciat il<lb></lb>la ratio. </s> <s><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ab eo quod ſemper eſt, antea duximus, ad id, vt concludatur vnicum eſſe motum; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> il<lb></lb>lum continuum; ab euidentiorib. <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> petere licebit: ea verò eſt quæ pendet ex continua rerum ſuc<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4893"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ceſsione, & viciſsitudine <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſuperius expoſuimus. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à motu cęleſti perpetuari videtur, & à va<lb></lb>ria motione, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adſpectu ſyderum quæ ex duplici motu producuntur; altero <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> qui prorſus inua<lb></lb>riabilis eſt, <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſuprema ſphæra in qua ſtellæ inerrantes infixę ſunt, mouetur; altero verò qui varius & <lb></lb>mutabilis eſt, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> planetarum, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ab hoc obtinuere mortalia, quae modò oriantur, aliàs intereant, ab illo <lb></lb>verò quae hæc conſimiliter perpetuò fiant. </s> <s>Ergo motus hic perpetuus erit qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> à motore non niſi <expan abbr="p̨petuo">per<lb></lb>petuo</expan> <expan abbr="prorſusq́">prorſusque</expan>. </s> <s>immobili potuit exoriri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita confectum eſt hactenus eſſe primum <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan>, & <expan abbr="eũ-dẽ">eun<lb></lb>dem</expan> abſolutè primum, cuius tres ſunt adhuc inuentæ conditiones; prima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quae ſit æternus; altera ve<lb></lb>rò quòd ſit immutabilis cum per ſe, tum per accidens: tertia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quae <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit vnus. </s> <s>Ex his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſumetur oc<lb></lb>caſio decernendi reliqua quæ ad illius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="euoluendã">euoluendam</expan> pertinebunt, vt <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> hîc via reſoluente ad ip<lb></lb>ſum peruenerimus, & oſtenderimus quae ſit, vel auctore Alexandro, nunc ipſum per ſe <expan abbr="contẽplantes">contemplantes</expan> faci<lb></lb>lè intelligamus ea quæ faciunt ad certas proprietates eius prenoſcendas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quæ ſunt per ſe ipſa nota <lb></lb>ſic tamen, vt ſine aliis cognoſci nequeant, ita <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> illa <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ex parte mens aſſecuta eſt; ea quæ <expan abbr="reſtãt">reſtant</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſine vllo negotio concipit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita plana experitur, vt in iis <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in bona luce, reliqua quæ deſcen<lb></lb>dunt ab ipſis, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> certiſsimè conſequatur, vtputa, vtrum'ne <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> moueantur, aut maneant, an aliqua dun<lb></lb>taxat; ſiquidem & nonnulla ſemper manere appareat, <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſemper moueri, nimirùm illa quæ agun<lb></lb>tur à mouente immobili, quod æternum ſit, alia moueri & quieſcere viciſsim, quae ab eo quod mutabile <pb pagenum="846"></pb>ſit, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non æternum, concitentur, & cur motuum qui ſpecie diſtinguuntur, ſucceſsio continuetur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4894"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>agantur ab æterno quod item perpetuò mouetur. </s> <s>Hoc primò capite confecto tranſeamus ad ſe<lb></lb>cundum, huc autem ſpectat, vt videamus quo pacto motus, & qui motus euehat nos ad Dei con<lb></lb>templationem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4887"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4888"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4889"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4890"></margin.target>a 12. Met. <lb></lb>Lib. de in<lb></lb>ceſ. </s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4891"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4892"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4893"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4894"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm via quę vtitur motu, neceſſaria ſit ad inueniendas eſſentias à materia ſeparatas, an alia <lb></lb>quædam ſubueniat. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PROBLEMA quo de motus æternitate diſſeritur; non modò pars eſt perneceſſaria phyſicæ me<lb></lb>thodi, vtpote quæ primum <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> nobis exhibeat, verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eſt aptiſsimum hormeterion ad inue<lb></lb>niendum ſeparatorum genus, & ad <expan abbr="cõſtituendã">conſtituendam</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> quæ à genere hoc ſubſtantiarum pri<lb></lb>ma, à medio verò demonſtrationis <foreign lang="grc">μετὰ τὰ φυσικὰ</foreign>, & poſt naturalia nuncupatur. </s> <s>Profectò de huius <lb></lb>ſpeculationis vſu controuerſia nulla. </s> <s>patet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> via motus primum <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan>, ſed cùm mo<lb></lb>tus 8. Phyſ. duob. </s> <s>modis accipiatur generatim .ſ. </s> <s>& ſpeciatim conuerſio, quæſitum eſt, an idem pręſtet <lb></lb>motus generatim ſeparatus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conuerſio. </s> <s>Deinde vtrum'ne alia via confici poſsit <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> theorema val<lb></lb>de dubitatum eſt ab <expan abbr="Auicẽna">Auicenna</expan> primum, mox à Theologis Latinis. </s> <s>Tertiò ſola'ne via motus euehat nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4895"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, an alia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> attributa extrinſecus ad hoc peragendum aſſumere opor<lb></lb>teat, & quæ, & cuiuſmodi illa ſint. </s> <s>Nos exordiamur à tertio. </s> <s>In eo verò mihi negotium faceſsit Ariſto<lb></lb>telis inconſtantia qui vtatur motu ad <expan abbr="inuentionẽ">inuentionem</expan> ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, cùm tamen illud eius viri perpe<lb></lb>tuum iudicium fuiſſe videatur ex functionib. argumentari ad eſſentias. </s> <s>Motus ſimplices & corpora <lb></lb>ſimplicia, motus aduerſi, & eſſentiæ conſimiliter: & quod firmius ſit in re noſtra ſententię de 1. de An. <lb></lb>qualia ſint accidentia, tales fore <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſubſtantias, ac definitiones, vt ſi in corpore exiſtant per corpus & <lb></lb>ipſa, & ſubſtantias <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> inſunt, eſſe definiendas: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi qua eſt animi functio propria, contingit <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <lb></lb>ſeparari à corpore, & ſine corpore definiri: quae ſi fuerit functio <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>; <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> & <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> definienda per <lb></lb>corpus. </s> <s>Quare patet functiones ſeparatas indicare eſſentias ſeparatas, & quæ ſunt in corpore, formas <lb></lb>corporeas. </s> <s>Nunc cùm motus ſit functio corporea, tantùm abeſt, vt deducat nos in <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>ſeparatæ, vt planè futura eſſe videatur in corpore: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ego <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>. </s> <s>Si eſt functio <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> à corpore <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſegregabitur. </s> <s>Sed eſt functio <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan>. </s> <s>ergo nec à corpore ſegregabitur. </s> <s>Aut igitur regula fallax; aut inutilis <lb></lb>hæc demonſtratio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quae aliquis dicat hanc demonſtrationem non procedere ex medio vacantib. ſed <lb></lb>adhuc eſſe reſoluendam in aliquod medium ſeparatum, nulla eſt certè cauſſa, tùm quae ego hîc ſemper in<lb></lb>ſiſtam, ex medio communi non poſſe inferri, niſi commune, tùm etiam quae nulla reſolutio reperitur in <lb></lb>phyſicis, nec non quae eadem via vſus eſt Ariſtoteles in prima philoſophia, in qua ęquum erat, vt prome<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4896"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret medium illud proprium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſeparatum. </s> <s>Quin etiam ſi talis eſt functio media, <expan abbr="eaq.">eaque</expan> neglecta, quæ <lb></lb>in Phyſicis eſſe debebat demonſtratio omnium prima, quippe de primo principio motus; ex alia pen<lb></lb>debit. </s> <s>Quare neſcio mehercle quantum huic methodo tribuendum ſit. </s> <s>Video ſanè ad regulam illam <lb></lb>dici poſſe. </s> <s>Si nulla eſt operatio propria, ſed omnes communes etiam principium functionis fore <expan abbr="cõ-mune">com<lb></lb>mune</expan>, ſed vt ex communi propria concludatur, & in functione communi pateat forma ſeparata, hoc <lb></lb>planè non perſpicio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> me id illæ regulæ docent: hactenus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habeo, quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi functio ſit commu<lb></lb>nis, nihilominus non obſtat ſeparationi ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Dices, at id regulis allatis non aduerſari: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>hoc excluditur. </s> <s>At, inquam, non interim patet modus, quae <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> hoc fatearis, ſemper vim minuis Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelicæ demonſtrationis, vt efficiat id quod conatur, vel remotè, vel potius per accidens. </s> <s>Equidem <lb></lb>opinor ad inueniendam ſubſtantiam ſeparatam motum non eſſe medium prorſus conueniens, ſed ad<lb></lb>huc reſolui poſſe in aliud, quod ſit eo prius, accommodatum tamen ad id, vt tale medium nob. </s> <s>ſeſe of<lb></lb>ferat. </s> <s>Cùm verò demonſtratio ex primis bifariam ſumi poſsit vel ſimpliciter, vel in genere, ideſt, in me<lb></lb>thodo in qua vſurpatur, vt nego motum eſſe medium primum, ſiue, vt rectius dixerim, proximum, ſic <lb></lb>fateor eſſe primum in methodo phyſica. </s> <s>Sed ita ſe habere, vt inſinuet nos in notitiam primi motoris <lb></lb>per ſe, in notitiam verò ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ ex conſecutione, & ita nob. </s> <s>offerat <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quod eſt quo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4897"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quomodo in corpore, & quod vt tale, per corpus definiri oporteat. </s> <s><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> verò primo motori accidat, vel <lb></lb>inhæreat eſſe ſeparatum, ſic ex motu inueniri ſubſtantiam ſeparatam, neque ſanè quae hoc ſit accidens in <lb></lb>primo motore, quae <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> talis ſit, eſt natura prius, ſed in hac methodo, gratia .ſ. </s> <s>conſiderationis, quia conſide<lb></lb>ratur vt primus motor. </s> <s>Ita verò procedere mentem. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primus ſit, & eiuſmodi eſſe debet, vt non ſit <lb></lb>virtus in corpore, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mobilis, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> explicatur per illud attributorum genus quod eſt ad aliquid, ſed <lb></lb>priuans, & ita eſt huiuſmodi methodi, cùm verò reſoluatur in attributum quod eſt aiens, nempe <foreign lang="grc">χω<lb></lb>ρισόν</foreign>, quod eſt natura prius, nobis autem poſterius, iam degenerat in aliud genus, & affirmatione ſi<lb></lb>gnificatum, depoſita habitudine ad materiam, efficitur meraphyſicum. </s> <s>Proinde ex <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> operatione, <expan abbr="tã-quàm">tan<lb></lb>quàm</expan> remota nihil obſtabit, quominus ſeparatum reſoluendo concludatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dicemus <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <lb></lb>cenſere ex propria functione proximè concludi formam <expan abbr="ſeparatã">ſeparatam</expan>, ſed nihil obſtare, quominus in <expan abbr="cõ-muni">con<lb></lb>muni</expan> patefiat: talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vis eſt reſolutionis, quæ ab accidentib. ad initia progreditur. </s> <s>Ergo medio vacat <lb></lb>demonſtratio phyſica & nob. </s> <s>attributa ſeparata in iis ſignificat, quæ tametſi non re pendent ex mate<lb></lb>ria; nihilominus à nob. </s> <s>per ipſam concipiuntur & exprimuntur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> certè natura, ſed habitudine, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>mens noſtra ponit in ipſa, variata ex attributis phyſicis transformatur in metaphyſica: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi pri<lb></lb>mùm referebantur ad materiam; per ſe ipſa poſteà ſpectantur, id verò abſoluitur in 12. primæ philoſo<lb></lb>phiæ. </s> <s>Quapropter ea demonſtratio <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> exorditur à motu, in ea demum reſoluens, quæ natura prio <pb pagenum="847"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4898"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra ſunt, eſt abſolutè prima; noſtra in genere noſtro tantummodo, ex hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae ſeparatum à materia pri<lb></lb>mum <foreign lang="grc">νοητόν</foreign>, & primum bonum: ideò ſic mouet, vt finis primus, & vt intelligitur, quæ cùm ſint om<lb></lb>nia ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ, (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> operatur quatenus immobile) negliguntur in hac methodo, & ad poſte<lb></lb>riorem <expan abbr="ſuperioremq́">ſuperioremque</expan>. </s> <s>referuntur. </s> <s>Hinc patet, quemadmodum motus in ſeparatorum <expan abbr="notiuã">notiuam</expan> nos eue<lb></lb>hat in phyſicis, & in prima philoſophia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt ſpeculatio motus nonmodò magni <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> ha<lb></lb>beatur à philoſophis, quòd abſoluat maximam partem methodi noſtræ, ſed etiam neceſſaria ſit ad in<lb></lb>uentionem rerum à materia ſecretarum: & quemadmodum regula quæ tradita eſt 1. de An. non tam <lb></lb>id quod valeat ad inueniendum tale ſubſtantiæ genus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quod accommodatiſsimum perſecuta fuiſſe <lb></lb>videatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> poſtrema hæc neceſsitas à quibuſdam philoſophis, vt ante admonui, repudiata eſt <lb></lb>aientib. ex quolibet motu nos in notitiam ſubſtantiarum eius generis poſſe peruenire, quanuis is non <lb></lb>eſſet æternus: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam adiecit Auicenna non ſolùm id theorema ex motu poſſe concludi, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quae alia inuenta à motu diuerſa ſufficiant. </s> <s>Attulit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſe plures rationes Auerroe teſte, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> eam ſen<lb></lb>tentiam perſuadebat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> probabat eſſe quandam primam cauſſam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motum in iis vſurpabat. </s> <s>Aut <lb></lb>.n. dicebat ipſe effectum, quod cauſſarum vocat, à ſe eſt, aut ab alio, ac ſi ab alio fatearis eſſe, de hoc ite<lb></lb>rum quæritur; aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> procedit ordo ille in immenſum, aut ad primam <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> cauſſam denenimus: at <lb></lb>infinitum non datur; ſtandum igitur eſt in aliqua prima cauſſa, quam Deum eſſe dicimus. </s> <s>Deinde per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4899"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cunctabatur de neceſſario, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id aut eſt ex ſe, aut aliunde proficiſcitur: at verò nec ſemper ab alio <lb></lb>deſcendit, ne ponendum ſit infinitum: ex ſe igitur eſt neceſſarium: hoc verò iam Deus ipſe eſt. </s> <s>Præte<lb></lb>reà ſi non eſt primum principium, nec eſt aliquid ſcire. </s> <s>Sed aliquid ſcire contingit. </s> <s>ergo primum prin<lb></lb>cipium eſt. </s> <s>Coniunctum eſſe verum ſcientiæ definitio perſuadet. </s> <s>Primum verò principium eſſe <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>, <lb></lb>vel ex eo colligi poteſt, quae ad primum ſimpliciter vel proximè, vel remotè aſcendendum eſt, ſi ſcientia <lb></lb>non in genere tantùm, ſed ſimpliciter paranda ſit, quam ſola prima philoſophia pollicetur, vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>tali nomine primæ inſignita eſt. </s> <s>Quamobrem cùm omnia hæc ex ea methodo deprompta ſint; efficitur <lb></lb>vt ea quam antè vſurpauimus, non neceſſaria ſit: ſit planè <expan abbr="cõmodior">commodior</expan>, ita tamen, vt ſine illa fine hoc <lb></lb>potiri liceat. </s> <s>Id quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> videns Ariſtoteles vſus eſt ea voce quæ vtilitatem potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> neceſsitatem ſi<lb></lb>gnificaret, <foreign lang="grc">προύργου</foreign> nimirum. </s> <s>Sed præter hos D. Thomas, Scotus, & Zimara putarunt ſe inueniſſe <expan abbr="aliũ-modum">aliun<lb></lb>modum</expan> demonſtrandi ſubſtantias ſeparatas eſſe, ſeu potius declarandi: nam pertinet hoc potius ad ſi<lb></lb>gnificandum, quemadmodum ſe habeat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae vllam vim argumenti contineat, hoc modo. </s> <s>Vbi plus & <lb></lb>minus, ibi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſſe oportet, quod cauſſa ſit, vt cætera ſint huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Sed in eorum ordine quæ <lb></lb>ſunt, eſt plus & minus; nec non eſt magis, aut minus verum. </s> <s>Ergo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliquid eſſe oportet quod ma<lb></lb>xime ſit, & quod cauſſa ſit, vt cætera exiſtant, & aliquid maximè <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan>. </s> <s>quod cæteris <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuni-">communi<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg4900"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cet. </s> <s>At primum ens, <expan abbr="primumq́">primumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſt ipſe Deus. </s> <s>Inſuper ex rerum mundanarum adminiſtratione <lb></lb>ſic argumentantur. </s> <s>Quæ ſine cognitione tendunt in finem, gubernantur ab aliquo cognoſcente, & in<lb></lb>telligente. </s> <s>is verò Deus eſt. </s> <s>His item illa Scotus & Zimara adiecerunt. </s> <s>Siquid eſt dependens, ſemper <lb></lb>participationem: primum igitur aliquid eſt, & primum quod participatur; hoc autem prima forma <lb></lb>eſt, quæ ſine dubio perhibetur Deus. </s> <s>Quartò ſic. </s> <s>Motus cœpit aut non: ſi poſterius dederis; æternus igi<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Ergo & motor. </s> <s>Si primum eſſe velis; ergo ab aliquo motore principium ſumpſit. </s> <s>Nunc quæro de <lb></lb>hoc motore, aut eſſe cœpit aut non. </s> <s>ſi poſterius, ergo æternus. </s> <s>Si cępit, ergo ab aliquo productus; nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>ſeipſum producit De hoc iterum quæritur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aut in infinitum productio tendet, quod abhorret à re<lb></lb>rum natura; aut ad primum mouens æternum peruenire oportebit. </s> <s>Nos igitur opinamur viam à motu <lb></lb>deſumptam humano ingenio eſſe neceſſariam, ſiue motus in genere ſumatur, ſiue etiam conuerſio, <expan abbr="q̃-uis">qua<lb></lb>uis</expan> expeditior ea via ſit quæ vtitur conuerſione, præut conuerſio proximè eſt ex Deo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illa me de<lb></lb>terrent quæ nuper ſuis diſertiſsimis commentariis ſcripſit Zabarella coæuus meus. </s> <s>ex motu genera<lb></lb>tim nimirùm non concludi neceſſariò motorem quendam eſſe æternum: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vetare, quominus ita <lb></lb>corrumpatur ad interitum ſubiecti, velut aliquod animæ genus interire ſolet. </s> <s>Nam ſic <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> non erit: <lb></lb>nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à ſe ipſo corrumpitur, aut gignitur. </s> <s>Si igitur primum: ergo etiam æternum. </s> <s>Cęterùm omnia hęc <lb></lb>nugæ ſunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vnde'nam Auicennæ conſtitit infinitum non eſſe, niſi ex motu? </s> <s>quòd ſi inuentum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4901"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à ſcientia ſumptum occurrat, quod videtur aliud eſſe à motu, audiat etiam ipſum motus eſſe affine, vel <lb></lb>quia cognitio quædam ſit, quæ in motib. ab Ariſtotele reponatur, vel non ſine cognitione, & veluti <lb></lb>motus cuiuſdam terminus; vnde etiam à Græcis ſapientiſsime dicta eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἐπιστὴμη</foreign>. </s> <s>Prætereà quomodo <lb></lb>facit per ſe fidem eſſe aliquid ſeparatum ab omni materia, tametſi ponitur à nullo alio pendens, & pri<lb></lb>mum ens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> primum verum? </s> <s>quid eos coget ita ſentire, qui cęlum, ſiue aſtra omnium bonorum <lb></lb>prædicant auctores. </s> <s>Nec nos ita mundum gubernari Peripateticè defendimus, vt ipſi accipiunt. </s> <s>itaque <lb></lb>de aſſumpto eſſet decernendum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ij qui res alias vltra naturales non cognoſcunt, qui fuere non <lb></lb>pauci; negarent illud effici ex acceptis, ac ſi nob. </s> <s>eſſet probandum, ad motum demum confugere opor<lb></lb>teret: ideò certa foret, & neceſſaria via quæ à motu nos in eius ſubſtantiæ cognitionem perduceret. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc nos Peripateticorum veſtigia ſectatos dicere compulit id quod ab Ariſtotele de Xenophanis pla<lb></lb>cito ſcribitur. </s> <s>Ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vnum æternum poſuit <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ſui ſimile, quem Deum eſſe autumabat, quem <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>globoſum eſſe dicebat, nec prorſus faciebat immobilem. </s> <s>Quapropter ipſum immobilem prorſus eſſe <lb></lb>demonſtrari oportuit; id quod non potuit ſine motu præſtari, vel motus generatim ſumptus fuerit, vel <lb></lb>ſola conuerſio. </s> <s>Proptereà motu excepto nullam aliam viam naturali, aut diuino philoſopho (<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea<lb></lb>dem via communiter initur ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan>) ſuccurrere cenſeo, aut homini, dum intra cancellos ingenij ſui <lb></lb>continetur. </s> <s>At falſa hypotheſis, inquies concluſio, vera: nam motus æternus non eſt, quid tum? </s> <s>quaſi <pb pagenum="848"></pb>verò ex falſa hypotheſi verum per accidens effici nequeat. </s> <s>exemplum petamus ab Aſtronomis, qui eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4902"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rundem euentorum cauſſas reddunt modò per eccentricos, aliàs per epicyclos. </s> <s>alterum verò ex his ſit <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nullum. </s> <s>Sic non inconuenit ex falſis verum humano ingenio per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> effici. </s> <s>Nec <lb></lb>maiorem certè fidem nobis facit, aut eam quam volumus, argumentum Scoti. </s> <s>Poteſt mouere æterno <lb></lb>tempore, ergo ſeparatum à materia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt in rationis vi perſiſtamus: ſi rem à nob. </s> <s>ſine motu tene<lb></lb>ri voluit, vnde'nam illi patuit in prima cauſſa vim mouendi perpetuo ineſſe? </s> <s>quae ſi mouere requirit ali<lb></lb>quo pacto motum, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> iam id eſt quod nunc approbamus. </s> <s>Si verò methodus phyſica conſulatur, po<lb></lb>teſtas naturalis in actum erumpat oportet: quare ſi motus æternus eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>ergo etiam neceſſe eſt <lb></lb>ſit æternus. </s> <s>Iam verò quod D. Thomas huic viæ multùm tribuens aiebat, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſigillatim ab omni motu <lb></lb>idem poſſe concludi, quia .ſ. </s> <s>in omni motu detur primum ſic: quia ſi non eſſet ſeparata ſubſtantia, cer<lb></lb>tè gigni poſſet: ſi gigneretur, non igitur prima: eſt etiam nimis extollere viam hanc: præterquam<lb></lb>quòd falsò illud aſſumeretur, niſi ſit ſeparata ſubſtantia, gigni poſſe. </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vetat, quominus aliquod <lb></lb>corpus gigni non poſsit, veluti cęlum apud Ariſtotelem? </s> <s>Rurſus non videtur ex eo colligi ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam ſeparatam eſſe exprimo generante, & primo alterante. </s> <s>quoniam in his motibus ſolùm perueni<lb></lb>mus ad corpus cęleſte: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc apud Ariſtotelem eſt primum generans, & alterans primum: nec ex <lb></lb>his agnoſcimus ſubſtantiam ſeparatam, niſi per ſe motum eius corporis aduertamus. </s> <s>& mehercle om<lb></lb>nes hæ rationes eo vitio laborant, vt propoſitum non concludant: quia concludantur ex ignotiorib. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4903"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ex motu igitur <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo quidem æterno reſtat, vt colligamus ſubſtantias ſeparatas eſſe. </s> <s>Cætera aut <lb></lb>non neceſſaria, aut ſiquam fidem faciunt, inde non niſi rudis quædam & inchoata notitia pullulat; & <lb></lb>quæ multa inquirenda relinquat, quæ non aliter, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> per motum explicari poſsint. </s> <s>Et vt ſigillatim ad <lb></lb>eas rationes aliquid dicam. </s> <s>Effectum aut ex ſe, aut aliunde eſt, & quæ ſequuntur, quanuis id detur, & <lb></lb>detur etiam vniuerſum argumentum, at ea cognitio demum reſoluitur in motum, quippe quae motus ſit <lb></lb>ex quo rerum naturalium principia colligantur, quem ad modum antea demonſtratum eſt, quando & <lb></lb>ab aliquo, & in aliquo, & per aliquid, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alicuius gratia fiat, cùm item ex motib. aliquis ſit primus, in <lb></lb>prima <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eiuſmodi principia reſoluatur oportet primum ſubiectum, formam primam, primum ef<lb></lb>ficiens, & primum finem. </s> <s>Sic neceſſarium per ſe, & per aliud per motum 12. primæ philoſophię reper<lb></lb>tum eſt, tale <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe oportet, vt ſine quo non bene cętera diſponuntur: at diſpoſitio hæc per motum ſe<lb></lb>ſe prodit, ſiue is verus ſit, vt cęleſtis, ſeu metaphoricus, vt voluntas & cognitio quæ itidem per motum <lb></lb>ſeſe nob. </s> <s>oſtendunt. </s> <s>Tertium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nullam præſefert neceſsitatem, tùm quia conſtituitur ex communi<lb></lb>bus & iis quę à rei natura non ducta poſſunt ad alia complura transferri, tùm <expan abbr="etiamq.">etiamque</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> auctore <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4904"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concludi ſic poteſt ſolum principium primum; vt complexum, non autem vt incomplexum, ideſt, hoc <lb></lb>principium eſſe primum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe talem ſubſtantiam quæ ſit Deus. </s> <s>Adde & quae infiniti ratio cogno<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4905"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcitur ex motu. </s> <s>Et quòd [operæpretium] dicitur ab Ariſtotele; cautè, vt philoſophum decet, dictum eſ<lb></lb>ſe cenſemus: nam & cautela etiam in reb. perſpicuis vti conſueuit Ariſt. </s> <s>Inſuper dependens, & inde<lb></lb>pendens notuere per motum: quandò motus auxilio primum ſimpliciter inuentum eſt, quod & per <lb></lb>ſe, & per accidens immobile ſit, & ab hoc cęlum <expan abbr="naturamq́">naturamque</expan>. </s> <s>pendere, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cętera quæ mobilia ſim<lb></lb>pliciter ſunt, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ab illo primo motis moueantur, quæ omnia patent ex motu, vt antea dictum eſt. </s> <s>Ar<lb></lb>gumentum etiam Scoti falſum aſſumit, ſi perſpicuitatem antecedentis accipit aliunde proficiſci, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> à <lb></lb>motu. </s> <s>Vitium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubeſt in ratione D. Thomæ, cùm coniunctum eius argumenti ſit falſum. </s> <s>Si non <lb></lb>ſeparata gigni igitur poteſt. </s> <s>Sed nil mirum hoc ab eo viro fuiſſe vſurpatum qui cęlum ortui <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe defenderet. </s> <s>Vltimam quoque rationem licet arguere imperfectionis, ſubit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> apud Peripateticos <lb></lb>omnes illas difficultates quæ ſolent opponi iis qui ab æterno aliquid noui proximè proficiſci putant, <lb></lb>vtputa quae mutationi reddatur obnoxium. </s> <s>Ergo quondam non mouebat, poſteà mouit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de <lb></lb>progreſſus Ariſtotelici neceſsitate dicta ſint ſatis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4895"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4896"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4897"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4898"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4899"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4900"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4901"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4902"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4903"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4904"></margin.target>a 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4905"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm vna tantùm ſubſtantia ſeparata ſit, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4906"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4906"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CONSTAT igitur ex antedictis apud Peripateticum eſſe vnam tantummodò viam qua ad ini<lb></lb>tium primi motoris euehatur, & quae ſit, & quae etiam ſit vnum. </s> <s>Quanuis apud auctores quoſdam le<lb></lb>gamus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illos quidem viros grauiſsimos, variis modis acceptum fuiſſe, motorem primum eſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; <lb></lb>& aliquos. </s> <s>præter vnum ipſum, aliam nullam ſubſtantiam poſuiſſe ſeparatam. </s> <s>Nam quod dicitur in <lb></lb>materia carentib, vnum eſſe tantum, perſuadere videtur vnam ſimpliciter, & ſolùm eſſe talem ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quae dictum eſt, nón eſſe <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan> principum multitudinem. </s> <s>Vnus ergo princeps. </s> <s>vt illa <lb></lb>etiam reuocentur in dubium quæ nòs paullò antè teſtati ſumus, vnum hîc accipi quod <expan abbr="præcipuũ">præcipuum</expan> eſt; <lb></lb>quia mobile, & motus eius, quæ eſt conuerſio <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> vnum conſiderentur. </s> <s>Sed cùm videant <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aſſerere totidem eſſe mouentes ſubſtantias in cęlo, quot ſunt ſubſtantię mobiles, & <expan abbr="totidẽ">totidem</expan> quo<lb></lb>que ſubſtantias <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> generis, quot ſunt motus. </s> <s>Prætereà de anima cęli mentionem quandoque ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele factam fuiſſe, non caruit etiam patronis beatarum <expan abbr="mentiũ">mentium</expan> multitudo. </s> <s>Omnino verò propter <lb></lb>varias iſtas rationes & loca, duas ego oppoſitas doctorum ſententias inuenio: alteram quidem quam <lb></lb>multò maxima philoſophorum pars approbauit, quam item ego profiteor; nempe totidem eſſe ſub<lb></lb>ſtantias mouenteis, quot ſunt corpora cęleſtia quæ mouentur. </s> <s>Alij quorum princeps eſt Alpetragius; <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> poſuere tantummodo: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> is vnicum motum duntaxat in omnib. ſphæris conſtituebat, atque <lb></lb>eum quidem ab ortu in occaſum, quae ſi planetarum orbes contrà moueri viderentur; id ex eo proficiſci </s></p> <pb pagenum="849"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4907"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicebat; quia minus velociter eo motu concitantur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſphæra inerrantium: huic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motui vna tan<lb></lb>tùm ſubſtantia mouens ſatis erat, à qua omnes orbes agerentur; hi quidem tardius, illi verò celerius; <lb></lb>prout ab ea magis, minusúe diſtarent, quandò agens naturale efficacius afficit id quod propinquius <lb></lb>eſt: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>hoc mouens ſufficeret, ne res in natura ſine neceſsitate multiplicarentur; vnum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> po<lb></lb>nere voluit, ex quo item motum vnum cęli totius eſſe defendebat. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam confirmare potuit au<lb></lb>ctoritate Ariſtotelis, qui docet hypeccauma (eius verò motus eſt ab eodem principio à quo cęlum, om<lb></lb>ne voluitur motu diurno) quia longius diſtat <foreign lang="grc">ὑστερίζειν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>relinqui à mobili ſuperiore, & ex hoc fortè <lb></lb>effici, quemadmodum optici docent,<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt in contrarium ferri videantur. </s> <s>Adiiciebant item alij fore, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4908"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnus <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>orbis contrariis motib. ageretur, quippe ab occaſu in ortum, & contrà ab ortu in occa<lb></lb>ſum, quod certè fieri nequit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ex motib. oppoſitis vnus eſt naturalis, alter contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & vio<lb></lb>lens, id verò abhorret admodùm à natura cęleſti: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſt reddi perpetuus: <expan abbr="vterq.">vterque</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ille mo<lb></lb>tus in planetis perpetuò conſeruatur: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit præter naturam, quò magis abeſt ab initio mouente, <lb></lb>eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis defetiſcitur, vt in progreſſu <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> deleatur. </s> <s>Nunc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſecutus eſt Nolanus <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> magnus ho<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4909"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtis Auerrois qui poſuit vnam ſubſtantiam quæ foret veluti forma cęli totius, <expan abbr="eamq́ue">eamque</expan> profeſſus eſt in<lb></lb>formare quamlibet materiam, <expan abbr="cuicunq.">cuicunque</expan> mutationi ſubiiceretur: quae ſi multitudo tali ſubſtantiæ tribua<lb></lb>tur; eam certè non eſſe ipſius eſſentiæ, ſed vnius rationis, & habitudinis; quòd ex diuerſis rationib. quas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4910"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>haberet ad mobilia, multiplicaretur: non ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Socratis imago, cùm vna reipſa ſit; in diuerſis ſpe<lb></lb>culis multiplicetur; & veluti ſpecula ſecum differentes habent perfectiones, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam imago <lb></lb>in his illuſtris & puta conſpicitur, in aliis atra & exilis, in nonnullis etiam conturbata, vſque adeò, vt <lb></lb>in quibuſdam ægrè diſcernatur; ſic omnium rerum formæ, non eſſentia ſanè, ſed virtute tantummodò <lb></lb>diſtinguantur; vna <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> reapſe ſit omnium cęleſtium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> caducorum forma. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſicut in his <lb></lb>quæ ſine materia <expan abbr="cõmunicantur">communicantur</expan>, vna forma multiplicatur ex habitudine, ſic cùm & eſſentia diuina ſi<lb></lb>ne materia participetur, non re, ſed ratione, & habitudine ſola multiplicabitur. </s> <s>Afferuntur & huiuſmo<lb></lb>di rationes in hanc ſententiam, tùm quae illæ ſubſtantiæ mouent, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> res mente comprehenſa, & exopta<lb></lb>ta. </s> <s>Finge ergo tu amata prima eſſe plura; non eſſet igitur in illis <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> ordo: id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> fieri non poteſt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>ſic deleretur vniuerſum. </s> <s>Ordinem verò ibi non affuturum, vel ex eo demonſtratur, quae vbi eſt ordo, ibi <lb></lb>prius eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poſterius, & omnino primum. </s> <s>Primum verò eſſe non poteſt, niſi vnum. </s> <s>Tunc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quo<lb></lb>niam mouerent <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> amata. </s> <s>Illa igitur, quæ mouentur ita mouentur, quoniam amant: tum ſiue om<lb></lb>nia alia amant vnum primum, ſiue ſecundum amat primum, & tertium amat ſecundum; ſequitur vt <lb></lb>moueantur: at illud ſubſtantiæ genus in mouendo non mouetur: amare <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt moueri. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Potes etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4911"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>addere, quoniam ab his <expan abbr="cõmunicatum">communicatum</expan> eſt eſſe quibuſdam clarius, aliis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> obſcurius: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd res <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4912"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit, formæ acceptum refert. </s> <s>Omnium igitur quæ ſunt, illa forma eſt habenda. </s> <s>Nouimus tamen hanc ſen<lb></lb>tentiam in eo peccare, quae ponit rationem formarum materiæ beneficio diſtingui: at nos contrà accepi<lb></lb>mus materiam .ſ. </s> <s>ex forma variari, & id quod deterius eſt, ad per fectius inſtitui. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita legimus apud <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem, animas prout nobilitate, vel ignobilitate inter ſe differunt; etiam conſtitutionis materiam <lb></lb>differentem fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõſecutas">conſecutas</expan>. </s> <s>Quòd ſi materia reputetur cauſſa diſtinctionis, & multitudinis in formis; <lb></lb>memento primùm longè aliam rationem eſſe formarum quæ pendent ex materia quoquo modo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>eius entis, quod nullo modo pendet ex ipſa; immo ſi rem diligenter expendas, materia contra pendet <lb></lb>ex ipſo: illę <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formæ aliquid accipiunt à materia, dum ſibi certam materiam ſupponunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> pro eius <lb></lb>ratione diſtinguuntur. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam id primo contingit: ſunt .n: per ſe ipſę primò diſtinctę, ſed vt <lb></lb>dictum eſt, ex hypotheſi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> Ariſtotelem<emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic decernere videmus aduerſus eos qui vnum eſſe om<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4913"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nia ponebant, quippe qui id concedat ſolùm, ſi materia ſpectetur, quoad verò pertinet ad formam, <lb></lb>obiiciat neceſſariò contradicentia fore ſimul, ſi vna ſit omnium forma, quod certè cadebat in Heracli<lb></lb>tum. </s> <s>Proptereà ſicuti contradicentia non ratione tantùm, ſed reipſa ſeparantur, ſic etiam formas opor<lb></lb>tere diſtingui. </s> <s>Non igitur formæ ſunt ex ſubiecto diſtinguendæ; multò minus à ſola ratione diſtinctio<lb></lb>nis eſſentialis principium eſt arceſſendum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnium minime in iis quæ ſeparantur à materia ſim<lb></lb>pliciter. </s> <s>eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae ea quæ poſita ſunt in habitudine, ex varia partici patione materiæ ſpeciem <expan abbr="cõmutare">commutare</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4914"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>videantur, vt in iride & collo columbæ; at per ſe ſubſiſtentium principia talia eſſe non auſim affirma<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>Tametſi ſemper aliquod rei diſcrimen ſupponitur his quæ ratione ſegregantur; ſic aër & aqua per <lb></lb>ſeipſa primum diſtinguuntur, mox accipiunt lumen vario modo. </s> <s>& quaſi accidentia per <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> ſuas <lb></lb>differentias conſequuntur. </s> <s>ſubiectum <expan abbr="ſubſtãtiæ">ſubſtantiæ</expan> in diſtinctum eſt, & à forma debet diſtingui. </s> <s>Ita clarius <lb></lb>obſcuriuſúe participant res eſſe ex Deo, veruntamen accedit interna diſtinctio, quæ ſua ipſarum pro<lb></lb>pria eſt, & mente ab ea pendentia ſeparati poteſt; quæ ſi eius eſſentia foret: certè <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> ab eſſentia <lb></lb>ſua ſegregate ſine incommodo liceret. </s> <s>rationis iſta multitudo foret, nec idonea præſtare munera tam <lb></lb>diuerſa, quæ non modò elatione & ſubmiſsione ſegregantur, verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> natura <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubiecto, atqui <lb></lb>in motu cęleſti, diuerſi ſunt omnino motus ſuper aliis polis, & ad alios terminos longè diuerſos: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>vt iam audiſti, nonnulli ex his oppoſiti, qui cùm fiant in tempore determinato & perpetuò, neceſſe <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>eſt fiant à motore ſeparato. </s> <s>Prætereà ſic Deus eſſet cauſſa <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei interna; Nam cùm copuletur ſine <lb></lb>dimenſionib. & per eſſentiam, ex eo multò magis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fieret, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex forma quę à cæteris philoſophis ap<lb></lb>probatur, & materia; id autem fieri nequit. </s> <s>Nam, cùm forma ſit principium motus in compoſito mo<lb></lb>uet ſe per accidens. </s> <s>At quod ita mouet, vt ſupra dictum eſt, corrumpitur. </s> <s>Eſſet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pars, & in potentia <lb></lb>in toto. </s> <s>& in eo quiditas idem non eſſet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſe. </s> <s>Eſſet item finis generationis. </s> <s>Quę omnia cùm ſint <lb></lb>abſurda, te diſſuadere <expan abbr="debẽt">debent</expan>, quominus credas, Deum eſſe cauſſam diſtinctionis rerum medio <expan abbr="vacantẽ">vacantem</expan>, <pb pagenum="850"></pb><expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>minus materiam. </s> <s>Legimus etiam alia via probatam fuiſſe multitudinem mentium <expan abbr="beatarũ">beatarum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4915"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed in Lycęo tutior hæc noſtra mihi viſa eſt. </s> <s>Proinde concludemus orationem noſtram <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> Ariſtotele. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4916"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Si plures circulares motus, multa quidem, ſed omnia ſub vno principio mouentia. </s> <s>& cum Syriano. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4917"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Cùm quæritur. </s> <s>Vtrùm vna ſit cauſſa ſeparabilis, aut multæ, & vnam dicemus & multas coordinata <lb></lb>multitudine ad ipſum vnum, & vt ad proprium appetibile extenſa. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> argumenta oppoſita (niſi <lb></lb>me animus fallit) aliqua ratione multitudinem labefactant eiuſmodi ſubſtantiarum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi dici<lb></lb>tur, in ſeparatis à materia non eſſe multitudinem, cum Simplicio dicimus eſſe multitudinem vel <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>quæ numero diſcernuntur, vel eorum quæ eſſentia ſeparantur. </s> <s>Prima illa diſtinctio ſumitur à materia <lb></lb>ſenſili, & ad ea pertinet quæ ſub eadem ſpecie continentur, altera verò communis eſt, & (vt aiunt) <expan abbr="trã-ſcendẽs">tran<lb></lb>ſcendens</expan>, ac complecti poteſt res à materia ſeparatas, & quæ in ipſa ſunt poſitæ, & cùm ea quæ vniuoca <lb></lb>ſunt, tum illa quæ ſunt ad vnum, quòd inter hæc etiam quædam naturæ, & eſſentiæ diſtinctio perſpici<lb></lb>tur iuxta certos gradus quos in ſeparatis eſſe quid vetat? </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> abſentia materiæ nil aliud tollit, niſi <lb></lb>multitudinem indiuiduorum ſub eadem ſpecie, vel genere vniuoco, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc quidem ſeparatis nega<lb></lb>tur, licèt in illa demonſtratione 12. de Deo ſolo mentio facta fuiſſe videatur, ſiue quae cęlum <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>quoddam animal ibi accipitur, in quo ſit vnum principium vniuerſi motus; & reliquæ partes eius, vt <lb></lb>ab ipſo pendentes, <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>neglectæ motiones, ſiue de eo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> primo in illo ordine: attamen & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4918"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>attributa de cęteris pro ſingulorum captu ſunt intelligenda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> eſt, quae obiiciatur vnum mouens eſſe <lb></lb>ſatis, aut idem corpus iri motum contrarios motus, aut motum fore violentem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eum degenerare <lb></lb>in perpetuum. </s> <s>Nam, ſiquis inficietur vnum mouens ſufficere, quòd ab vno non mſi proximè <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> pro<lb></lb>ficiſci poſsit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> is ſit motus diurnus qui totius eſt, vt progreſſus animalis; & alios multos motus aſſe<lb></lb>rat in cælo reperiri, qui partium proprij ſunt, vt capitis, aut manus ad quos, cùm ſint orbes diſiuncti, di<lb></lb>uerſa item principia mouentia requirantur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> retardationem ſolam, quam poſuit Alpetragius, eos <lb></lb>omnes poſſe præſtare, velut illum qui fit per longitudinem, ſiue, vt Aſtronomi vocant, per Zodiaci la<lb></lb>titudinem, cùm omnes ferè Zodiaci gradus excurrunt; is profectò vix confutari poterit. </s> <s>Mitto nunc <lb></lb>alios motus qui nob. </s> <s>apparent ex obſeruationib. quorum cauſſa veteres Aſtronomi deferentes, & reuo<lb></lb>luentes excogitarunt, poſteriores eccentricos, & epicyclos, quos certè ab vna <expan abbr="tamq̃">tamquam</expan> ſimplici eſſentia <lb></lb>confici credibile non eſt. </s> <s>Nihil etiam ago nunc ſint'ne motus iſti contrarij, nec'ne. </s> <s>ſint'ne item <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan>, <lb></lb>vel contra naturam: de his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> plura ſuo loco dicta ſunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non ſunt fruſtra repetenda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <lb></lb>redeo ad argumenta oppoſita. </s> <s>Quantum igitur eſt de eo, quae plura inter ſe ordinem non haberent: ve<lb></lb>reor equidem, ne nulla ſit huius argumenti neceſsitas: nam facilè retorqueri poſſe videtur. </s> <s>vt ſiquis <lb></lb>probare vellet non eſſe, niſi ſingulas ſpecies in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc efficere licebit. </s> <s>Vbi ordo eſt, ibi <lb></lb>prius eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poſterius, & prorſus primum: at primum niſi vnum eſſe non poteſt. </s> <s>Sed inter animalis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4919"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpecies ordo eſt: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe ſpecies veluti quidam numeri. </s> <s>Ergo inter animalis ſpecies eſt prius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>poſterius. </s> <s>& proinde primum. </s> <s>Proptereà ſi primum etiam ſolet eſſe vnum; ex argumenti vi conſeque<lb></lb>tur, vt vna tantùm ſit ſpecies animalis. </s> <s>Aut igitur vnum animal eſſe confitendum eſt; aut nulla eſt ne<lb></lb>ceſsitas eius argumenti. </s> <s>Verùm quòd afferre incommodum non eſt diluere rationem; ſed hoc eſt dilue<lb></lb>re, fallaciæ fontes indicare. </s> <s>In hoc igitur argumento huiuſmodi vitium noto. </s> <s>Primùm non poteſt eſſe, <lb></lb>niſi vnum, & vnum igitur. </s> <s>à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Etenim ſic ſe habet vnum ad primum, vt <lb></lb>primum vni aliquid addat, nempe ordinem. </s> <s>quare quod eſt primum eſt vnum, non contra. </s> <s>& quod eſt <lb></lb>vnum, eſt ſimpliciter, & in omni vniuerſitate, primum verò eſt vnum in ſerie quadam certa. </s> <s>Proinde <lb></lb>id quod eſt vnum cum certa conditione, ſic infertur àc, ſi ſimpliciter & in omni vniuerſitate foret <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic in genere animalium, vnum eſt animal quod eſt primum; vt homo, vel cęlum; neque tamen eſt ani<lb></lb>mal vnum in toto genere animalium. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> planè ordo aliter exiſtit: oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> multa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſſe, ſed <lb></lb>vnum quod ſit omnium primum, cętera verò pendere ex illo, & interuallis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> eſſe diſiuncta: at<lb></lb>que ita eſt in animali: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in eo multa ſunt membra ex vno quodam primo apta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> connexa, vt <lb></lb>cor, per quod anima fungitur omnib. officiis quæ ad illius naturam <expan abbr="accõmodantur">accommodantur</expan>, ipſum conſeruans; <lb></lb>& per hoc nobiliores quaſdam functiones præſtat, per alia deinceps humiliores. </s> <s>Sic de corpore cęleſti <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4920"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod Ariſtoteles aſsimilabat animali cuidam, cogitandum nob. </s> <s>eſt: ſed hoc diſtare videtur ab anima<lb></lb>li noſtrate, quòd corpora, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> anima vtitur, vt organis, continuata ſunt: partes verò cęlorum magis di<lb></lb>ſiunctæ. </s> <s>quapropter vna quidem anima, <expan abbr="vnumq́">vnumque</expan>. </s> <s>principium ſatis erat ad vniuerſas parteis variè con<lb></lb>citandas; hîc verò vnum primum non ſatis eſſe videtur propter earum diſtinctionem. </s> <s>Itaque multa <lb></lb>ſunt, nihilominus ab eo primo diuerſis gradibus ſeparata. </s> <s>Cùm quæritur vlterius, aut omnes mentes <lb></lb>amant vnam primam; aut ſecunda primam; & ſic deinceps: <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>infertur eas poſteriores moueri: re<lb></lb>ſpondeo motum illum eſſe metaphoricum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verum, aut aliis ſimilem: nam per hunc finis ſine vlla <lb></lb>actione comparatur; quippe qui ſolùm contemplando præſtetur. </s> <s>in nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quidam motus inſtru<lb></lb>mentorum requiritur & immutatio ſenſuum & ſpirituum, quæ verum affert motum, nimirùm altera<lb></lb>tionem ſanguinis, & eorum quæ impetum faciunt. </s> <s>Non puto igitur hanc energian alienam eſſe ab in<lb></lb>genio mentium beatarum, qui tamen, ſiqua actione tale bonum parari deberet, & per inſtrumenta, ve<lb></lb>lut in nob. </s> <s>& motum verum intercedere oporteret; illarum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> multitudinem auferrem: eſſent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>corporeę virtutes, & fortè ſub eadem ſpecie plures. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vna foret mens, ipſe Deus. </s> <s>ſed de his poſteà <lb></lb>ſuo loco dicemus. </s> <s>nunc breuiter ad hanc rem, quod ſatis ſit attingere oportebat. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>ipſe aſſeuerat eſſe tribui reb. à D. O. M. non tamen tribuitur, vt à forma, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt ab eo quod plurib. pro<lb></lb>ximè & æqualiter impertiat; ſed vt ab alio genere cauſſæ remotiore, de quo poſthac erit nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan>. <pb pagenum="851"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4921"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sunt igitur mentes beatæ plures. </s> <s>Num'ne infinitę? </s> <s>abſit à reb. perfectiſsimis infinitas. </s> <s>ea enim eſt <expan abbr="cõ-ditio">con<lb></lb>ditio</expan> rerum natura conſtantium, vt quantum fieri poteſt, vitet <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan>, & adſpiret ad vnum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nũ">Num</expan> <lb></lb>fortè mille vel decem millia? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> fortè plures Ariſtotele auctore, quàm appareant motus cęleſtes; <lb></lb>otioſa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> videbitur illa ſubſtantia quæ non præſtet motum, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſaltem vt à philoſopho naturali non ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4922"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accipienda, ſiquidem conſulat ſenſum; & ad tale ſubſtantiæ genus per motum erigatur. </s> <s>Ergo non plu<lb></lb>res ipſi licebit afferre, quàm tot quot ſunt motus in ſphæris cęleſtib. <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> mens illa decimi orbis, quæ <lb></lb>ponitur ab Auicenna cholcodea nuncupata, vtpote non neceſſaria vacabit. </s> <s>fortè etiam illa, licèt ex Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis ipſius fontib. hauſta (talem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Græci antiquiores in libro <foreign lang="grc">περὶ εὐχῆς</foreign>, ſeu de prece profeſſum fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe teſtatur) quae ſupra primum mouens ſit etiam alius Deus. </s> <s>Atqui in corpore illo diuino conſtat ineſſe <lb></lb>vnum motum totius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, & illum quidem multiplicem, partium, de motu illius ſphæræ, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>vocant octauam ſuper Zodiaci polis, nihil erat Ariſtotelis ętate cognitum, ſed ſiquid certi de illo motu <lb></lb>fuiſſet obſeruatum, non negaſſet obſeruationes Ariſtoteles, & cum ſuis principiis concordaſſet: ſic nos <lb></lb>eius veſtigiis inhærentes eo motu dato de ſingulis decernamus. </s> <s>Ergo quidam aſtronomi illuſtres reſol<lb></lb>uentes <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> in eam ſphæram vniuerſum globum cęleſtem opinati ſunt vnam eſſe mentem <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, quæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> agitaret omnes orbes, nec vni primo <expan abbr="cõmunicaret">communicaret</expan>, vnde transferretur ad cæteros, mox ſin<lb></lb>gulis orbib. adeſſe ſuam <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> mentem, à qua motu proprio conuerterentur. </s> <s>Cæterùm optimè Cla<lb></lb>uius ad hæc. </s> <s>Primò cùm moueatur totum ſecundùm materiam fieri nequit, vt totum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eodem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4923"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modo ſumptum in diuerſas parteis agatur. </s> <s>eſſent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contradicentia ſimul. </s> <s>Deinde non poſſet vnus or<lb></lb>bis plures habere <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> duos motus, alterum communem cum reliquis, & alterum ſibi proprium. </s> <s>oppoſi<lb></lb>tum tamen apparet, cùm Luna <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueatur quodam motu ab ortu in occaſum ſuper Zodiaci po<lb></lb>lis, qui motus nec eſt totius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſuus ipſius proprius, & ſi vera ſunt illa, quę obſeruata fuerant tempo<lb></lb>re Ariſtotelis, plures alij ſunt motus pręter hos duos in planetis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> exiſtimo vnum eſſe motum com<lb></lb>munem toti cęlo, ſed ita <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan>, quia ſit primò vnius corporis, ſiue ſit octaua ſphæra, ſiue alia ſupe<lb></lb>rior (nam ſi octaua ſphæra mouetur, vt aiunt, in ortum, profectò etiam ſuperior ſit neceſſe eſt, quę mo<lb></lb>tu diurno voluatur) deinde reliquorum, demum quot ſunt motus in cęlo per ſe, tot eſſe mobilia <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>primo ſinguli conueniant, & per conſecutionem tot ſubſtantias ſeparatas. </s> <s>ſic ex motuum numero ve<lb></lb>nabimur numerum mobilium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mouentium. </s> <s>nec erit otioſum <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> in natura, quia ſingulæ ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ ſeparatæ mouebunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> motib. contrariis agitabitur vllus orbis inferior, quippe quae cùm diur<lb></lb>nus motus inſit ſecundo etiam locum relinquit, motui proprio, & multi <expan abbr="varijq́">varijque</expan>. </s> <s>motus in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> orbe <lb></lb>non repugnabunt, cùm præter vnum, nullus alius ſit eorum proprius, ſed aliunde communicatus: <expan abbr="erũt">erunt</expan> <lb></lb>planè diuerſi, & altero ſuperante, qui eſt diurnus, adhuc veſtigium proprij, aut etiam, ſi opus fuerit, al<lb></lb>terius extabit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita ſenſiſſe Ariſtotelem, nulli dubium eſſe debet, quanuis aliqua varietas appareat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4924"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in eius ſcriptis; tum quae in ſubſtantiis mouentib. ſphæras <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> numerarit, poſuit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reuoluentes, & defe<lb></lb>rentes, & planè videtur ſignificaſſe omnes ſphæras mouere ſtellæ ipſius cauſſa. </s> <s>& aſtra voluit habere <lb></lb>vim mouendi vt finem, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adeo, vt facilè ſuſpicari <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> poſsit aſtrorum gratia motus in cælo fieri, <lb></lb>tamen ipſe paullò antè ſignificauerat, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nob. </s> <s>etiam planetarum motus à per ſe immobili & æterna ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4925"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia præſtari quæ foret incorporea; & quantum pertinet ad aſtra, cùm moueantur & illa, habere mo<lb></lb>torem, qui prior ſit; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item ſubſtantia, quae ſubſtantia prior debet eſſe ſubſtantia: quare quot ſunt ea<lb></lb>rum motus; tot neceſſe eſt eſſe ſubſtantias perpetuas, & per ſe immobiles, & <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> magnitudine; ne ti<lb></lb>bi ſuſpicio fortè exoriretur, eum ſtatuere ſtellas eiuſmodi principium motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> quòd corporib. aut <lb></lb>ſtellis principium mouendi tribuerit, id non eſt habendum abſolutè principium, ſed in genere <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan>, <lb></lb>& quæ plurib. verbis adſcripta ſunt, quae ſtellæ ſint eiuſmodi principia, dictum eſt ex hypotheſi, & ex eo<lb></lb>rum opinione qui præter corpora nullum aliud ſubſtantiæ genus agnoſcebant, quos plurimos extitiſſe <lb></lb>non ignoras; id autem facilè erat perſpicere, ſi Græca lectio conſeruata fuiſſet, quæ habet <foreign lang="grc">οἵονται</foreign> i. </s> <s>pu<lb></lb>tant; quod poſtea verſum eſt poſsibile ab iis, qui pro eo legerunt <foreign lang="grc">οἷοντε</foreign>. </s> <s>& ita fortaſſe ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>enunciatum in lib. de prece vltra primum mouens eſſe alium Deum mouentem. </s> <s>Satis illud ſit, ea ex <lb></lb>hypotheſi fuiſſe pronunciata.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4926"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4907"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4908"></margin.target>a Prop. 43.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4909"></margin.target>b In com<lb></lb>pendio de <lb></lb>Anima.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4910"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4911"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4912"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4913"></margin.target>d 12. Met. <lb></lb>1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4914"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4915"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4916"></margin.target>a 2. de ort. <lb></lb>T. 61.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4917"></margin.target>b 3. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4918"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4919"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4920"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4921"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4922"></margin.target>a 12. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4923"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4924"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4925"></margin.target>b T. 43.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4926"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum ſe habeant prima mouentia quoad perfectionem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SVNT <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> multa principia quæ cęlum mouent, à materia ſeparata, licet omnia ex vno pendeant <lb></lb>quod ſit omnium primum, à quo contributum illis eſt, quòd ſint. </s> <s>Sed vtrum'ne hęc alicuius primi <lb></lb>participatio vnde formarum latitudo exiſtit, plurib. modis eueniat. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel vniformiter vniformis, <lb></lb>vel vniformiter difformis, vel etiam difformiter vniformis, vel difformiter difformis in dubium reuoca<lb></lb>tum eſt à philoſophis <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> diuiſionis huiuſce membro ſecum afferente difficultatem. </s> <s>Nam ſi pri<lb></lb>mus modus approbetur; iam vides omnia futura perfectionis æqualis; id verò ita non eſſe monſtrant <lb></lb>ſingulorum motus qui non ſunt æquè veloces, velocitas autem arguit efficacitatem principij mouen<lb></lb>tis, ſiue moueat propter deſiderium primi, quae ipſum magis ex petat, magis autem expetitur, quia magis <lb></lb>intelligit, & quia idoneum eſt accipere plus boni, ſiue etiam quòd propter ſui perfectionem magis ex<lb></lb>petatur ab alio; id autem abſolutè, cùm fieri poſsit, quòd maiorem virtutem obtinuerit vel habita ra<lb></lb>tione corporis quod maioris, minoriſúe boni ſit capax, in cęlo exiſtimandum eſt à mouentis conditio <lb></lb>ne proficiſci: cùm ſi qua eſt natura in qua congruant agens, & patiens, videatur eſſe cęleſtis, quae in æter<lb></lb>nis minus eſſe debeat id quod fruſtra, caſuúe eſt, quàm in caducis; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia nimirum careant potentia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4927"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="852"></pb>contradictionis, vnde illa oriuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item latitudo hæc habenda vniformiter difformis, cùm exu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4928"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perantia foret indiuidua: aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> altera alteram ſuperaret exuperantia diuidua, aut indiuidua: nec indi<lb></lb>uidua ſanè, quoniam indiuiduum additum indiuiduo non facit maìus: proinde nec altera ſuperior <lb></lb>moueret orbem ſuum velocius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò diuidua, quia ſic deficerent multi gradus eius quod eſt, <expan abbr="cõ-ſimiliq́">con<lb></lb>ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo ſi difformiter difformem eſſe perhibeatur. </s> <s>Non eſſet item difformiter vniformis; quan<lb></lb>dò foret arithmetica proportio motuum quæ tamen obſeruanti ſecus ſe habere videatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc du<lb></lb>bitantur quidem. </s> <s>Veruntamen ſi rectè ſpectentur ea quæ nos admonent Aſtronomi optimi explora<lb></lb>tores motuum cęleſtium, dicamus oportet earum latitudinem eſſe difformiter difformem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> mo<lb></lb>tuum proportio talis ab ipſis aſsignatur. </s> <s>etenim Luna menſis vnius interuallo ſuum iter abſoluit, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>octauus orbis conficit ſpatio triginta ſex annorum millium, ratio verò magnitudinis eſt, vt vnius ad <lb></lb>xxvij. </s> <s>eſt enim vt cccxxx. </s> <s>ad octomillia noningenta, & quadraginta, & vnum (<expan abbr="numerorũ">numerorum</expan> ego radices <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõparo">comparo</expan>) <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ratio motus eſt, vt vnius ad 432000. talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt proportio menſis vnius ad annos 36000. <lb></lb>Rurſus Lunæ motus ad motum Saturni eſt, vt vnius ad ccciccc, cùm tamen ſpatium ſit vnius ad duo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem liquet nullam eſſe certam rationem magnitudinis, & motuum in hac <foreign lang="grc">ὑσερίςEI</foreign>, ſeu repe<lb></lb>datione, & repardatione. </s> <s>Hæc ſiquis diligentius inſpicere cupiat, ex infraſcripta tabella perdiſcet. </s> <s>eſt <lb></lb>enim primùm.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4929"></arrow.to.target> <arrow.to.target n="fig13"></arrow.to.target> <arrow.to.target n="table11"></arrow.to.target> <arrow.to.target n="fig14"></arrow.to.target> <arrow.to.target n="table12"></arrow.to.target> <arrow.to.target n="marg4930"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4927"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4928"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4929"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4930"></margin.target>G</s></p> <figure id="fig13"></figure> <figure id="fig14"></figure> <table> <table.target id="table11"></table.target> <row><cell></cell><cell>Differentia motuum, ſeu periodorum.</cell></row> <row><cell>menſis vnius</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell></cell><cell>Ergo proportio vnius ad 12.</cell></row> <row><cell>Anni vnius</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>duorum annorum.</cell><cell>ad xxiv</cell></row> <row><cell>xii.</cell><cell>ad cxliv.</cell></row> <row><cell>xxx</cell><cell>ad ccclx.</cell></row> <row><cell>36000.</cell><cell>ad 432000.</cell></row></table> <table> <table.target id="table12"></table.target> <row><cell>Differentiæ ſoliditatis</cell><cell></cell><cell>Proportio ſolidarum.</cell></row> <row><cell>Mil.</cell><cell>rad.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>109057.</cell><cell>330.</cell><cell>1.</cell></row> <row><cell>370480.</cell><cell>680.</cell><cell>2.</cell></row> <row><cell>3413756.</cell><cell>1841.</cell><cell>50.</cell></row> <row><cell>339102.</cell><cell>582.</cell><cell>1 2/3</cell></row> <row><cell>27339375.</cell><cell>5228.</cell><cell>15. 1/2</cell></row> <row><cell>19775497.</cell><cell>4445.</cell><cell>13.</cell></row> <row><cell>29474574.</cell><cell>5429.</cell><cell>16. 1/2</cell></row> <row><cell>79942472.</cell><cell>8941.</cell><cell>17.</cell></row></table> <p type="main"> <s>Quòd ſi conferas motum diurnum cum motu ſingulorum orbium, multò magis varia deprehendetur <lb></lb>horum proportio, vt eſto, quae ſpatium Lunæ ad eam ſphæram quæ vnica die naturali conuertitur cum <lb></lb>tempore, quo Lunam ſuam periodum conficit, ſit <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> vt 27. ad vnum; at in reliquis tribus ſupe<lb></lb>riorib. mirum quantum euariatur. </s> <s>quippe quòd tempus ſit, vt vnius ad centum octoginta, ſpatia ſint <lb></lb>Mercurij, vt 13. & amplius ſextam partem vnius ad vnum. </s> <s>Veneris vt 4. & amplius octauam partem <lb></lb>ex nouem. </s> <s>Solis autem vt 114. & dimidiam. </s> <s>nullo igitur modo certa ratio tenetur in his motib. quæ in <lb></lb>ea repedatione retineri deberet. </s> <s>Eius autem differentiæ cauſſa nulla alia debet exiſtimari, niſi quae ſic me<lb></lb>lius ſit, quemadmodum de multitudine motuum in planetis admonebat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Verùm ne nobis <lb></lb>exhibeat negotium ratio diuiſionis in iis quæ ſeparata ſunt à materia, & omni quantitate prorſus ex<lb></lb>pertia, memento primum exuperans diuidi in id quod experatur, & id quo exuperat; & omnia indi<lb></lb>uidua eſſe ſecundùm magnitudinem, diuidua verò ſecundùm virtutem & perfectionem. </s> <s>ſic tamen, vt <lb></lb>imitetur ea diuiſio diuiſionem magnitudinis, quod tamen ita ſumere placet, quae magis & minus in illis, <arrow.to.target n="marg4931"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nil ſanè reipſa apponat, ſicut albius minus albo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm extentionem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm materię <lb></lb>promotionem quæ fit per motum, ſed per elationem eſſentiæ, & actus, quae hæc ſubſtantia Deo ſit propin<lb></lb>quior, vtpote cuius ſit perfectior actus, tametſi eius perfectio in iis quæ extra ſunt, nobis per motum <lb></lb>manifeſtatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtraq.">Vtraque</expan> ſic intellige vbi audias hęc non re, ſed ratione differre, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc eſt, non per <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4932"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modum concipiendi, vt aliqua ſunt in Deo, ſed ſecundùm eſſentiam. </s> <s>Sicut ergo in natura non eſt ne<lb></lb>ceſſe, vt inter ſpecies diuerſi ordinis ſit exuperantia æqualis & arithmetica, ſed geometrica ſolùm, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>illa diſtributiua; ſic etiam cogitandum eſt euenire in principia mouentia, quoad primum bonum par<lb></lb>ticipant eſſendo pariter & agendo. </s> <s>& quemadmodum in natura non omnis exuperantiæ ratio haberi <lb></lb>ſolet, quia non omnis eſt ſenſilis, ſic contingere poteſt primis illis ſubſtantiis, vt non ſub omni, ſed ſub<lb></lb>certa quadam exuperantia compareat diuerſa ſummiboni participatio, & varietas operum in iis quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ab ipſo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> plura fortè de his humanę menti, non dicam aſſeuerare, ſed muſsitare fas eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4931"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4932"></margin.target>a D. Tho. <lb></lb></s> <s>1. 1. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> 6. <lb></lb>art. 1.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd ſit vnus quidam motus omnium primus, & quis'nam hic ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò ſi mouens primum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ęternum, neceſſe item eſt & motum quendam primum effici <lb></lb>ab ipſo, & illum quidem æternum: quapropter vnum & <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>. </s> <s>Spectemus igitur nunc an'ne <pb pagenum="853"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4933"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motum quempiam continuum eſſe contingat: & quínam hic ſit. </s> <s>Prætereà cùm debeat eſſe primus, <lb></lb>quis item ſit aliorum omnium primus: is <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qui talis fuerit, ille erit quem primus motor efficiet. </s> <s>ex <lb></lb>quo etiam <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex officio ſuo, aliquid de natura motoris primi decernetur; eam verò lationem eſſe <lb></lb>luculenter oſtendit nob. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Ratio generalis eſt, quoniam prius eſt origine, natura, & eſſen<lb></lb>tia. </s> <s>Motus autem omnibus hiſce modis eſt prior, oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad generationem <expan abbr="cæteroſq́">cæteroſque</expan>. </s> <s>motus ad mini<lb></lb>ſtrandos intercedere certam habitudinem agentis ad patiens quæ motu comparatur. </s> <s>Itaque Epicurus <lb></lb>ob generationem quoq ue poſuit inane, quòd vt perficeretur, neceſſe erat loca mutare.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4933"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-quę ſi non eſſet inane</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Non tam ſollicito<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (ideſt cupido finis, vt eſt conditio rerum naturalium) <emph type="italics"></emph>motu priuata carerent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quàm genita omnino nulla ratione fuiſſent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Undiq́">Undique</expan>. </s> <s>materies quoniam ſtipata quieſſet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Etiam diuturnius minus diuturno præſtantius eſt, lationem verò omnib. eſſe diuturniorem motus cę<lb></lb>leſtis oſtendit. </s> <s>Item etſi in indiuiduo motus ſequitur alias mutationes, at ſimpliciter omnibus antece<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>Ad extremum fit hic motus cum ſalutæ ſubſtantiæ, cùm cæteroqui reliquæ mutationes aut <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> per<lb></lb>nicie ſubſtantiæ coniunctæ ſint, aut ad illam inſtitutæ. </s> <s>proinde vita & <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign> propriè dicta eſt latio <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> At cùm eam veſtigemus quæ prima futura ſit inter lationes, eius autem multæ diffe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4934"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4935"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rentiæ numerentur: nam quædam ſecundùm naturam ſunt; aliæ contrà, & ex his quæ ſecundùm natu<lb></lb>ram nonnullæ ſimplices, aliæ mixtæ, & ſimplicium illæ rectæ, hæ verò in orbem, cùm etiam inter has <lb></lb>aliquis ordo ponatur; profectò primam illam quæ fuerit ex his, eam fore credemus quam mox inda<lb></lb>gamus. </s> <s>Porrò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> contra naturam, neque mixtam eam eſſe putabimus, quandoquidem id quod <lb></lb>contra naturam eſt, eo poſterius eſt quod eſt ſecundùm naturam, & mixtum conſtat è ſimplicib. quo <lb></lb>fit, vt, niſi <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> motus, è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> componuntur continui ſint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item mixtus continuus eſſe queat: <lb></lb>ergo ſimplicem quendam motum hunc eſſe oportet, ſeu rectus ille ſit, ſiue fiat in gyrum. </s> <s>atqui mox <lb></lb>perſpicies illum alium eſſe non poſſe, quàm conuerſionem; id verò ex tali progreſſu conſtabit, vt <lb></lb>oſtendamus hunc ſolum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllum quempiam alium eſſe continuum: talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe vult ille qui pri<lb></lb>mus, & vnus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem æternus futurus fit, vt quaſi demonſtratio noſtra ſic conſtruatur. </s> <s>Mo<lb></lb>tus primus vnus eſſe vult, & perpetuus, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam continuus. </s> <s>Sed motus recti non poſſunt eſſe <lb></lb>continui: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> perpetui, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> primi. </s> <s>Cùm verò ad <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> propoſitionem modus neceſsitatis <lb></lb>verè poſsit adiungi, concluſionem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſariam verè inferri perſuadebimur. </s> <s>Mox conuerſa ma<lb></lb>iore. </s> <s>Qui motus eſt continuus ęternus eſt, & omnium primus: at ſola conuerſio motus eſt continuus, <lb></lb>& æternus: ergo eſt omnium prima. </s> <s>vbi ſiue propoſitio fuerit neceſſaria, ſeu de his quæ fieri poſsint, <lb></lb>& aſſumptio contingens accipiatur, fuerit item concluſio contingens: conuerſionem .ſ. </s> <s>eſſe poſſe con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4936"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tinuam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpetuam. </s> <s>quae ſi eſſe poteſt, ſi ita ponatur, nil abſurdi planè conſequetur. </s> <s>Vbi enim duo <lb></lb>quædam ita diſtinguantur, vt vnum fieri nequeat, alterum contrà fieri poſsit; hoc pro vero ponen<lb></lb>dum eſt, vel etiam ipſo Ariſtotele auctore. </s> <s>Sed iam rem ipſam cominus aggrediamur, quam modo <expan abbr="cõ-ficere">con<lb></lb>ficere</expan> non erit arduum: quandò potiſsimum fundamentum noſtræ rationis antea ſedulò iactum fue<lb></lb>rit. </s> <s>Omnes igitur alios motus <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> interrumpi, & terminari quiete neceſſe eſt; proptereà quae omnes <lb></lb>ſunt inter terminos oppoſitos, veluti mutationes omnes inter ſubiectum & non ſubiectum, vel inter <lb></lb>contrarios, veluti ij qui verè motus appellantur, qui inter ſubiectum & ſubiectum ex iſtunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hi ter<lb></lb>mini actu ſeparari ſunt, in quibus aut antea quieuiſſe, aut poſtquam abſolutus fuerit motus; etiam mo<lb></lb>bile permanere oportet, niſi perpetuò moueatur. </s> <s>hoc eſt, in aliquo temporis puncto deſiſtere à motu: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & ſi in conuerſione termini à quo & ad quem oppoſiti ſunt, non tamen actu diſtinctos eos eſſe <lb></lb>cognoſcemus, ac proptereà motum inter ipſos continuari poſſe, aut niſi vacationem <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> nomine quie<lb></lb>tis appellare libeat: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quies in altero è terminis, vtputa, non ſubiecto facilè concedatur: at ea<lb></lb>dem eſt ratio <expan abbr="cuiusq.">cuiusque</expan> mutationis, cùm inter mutationes contrarias neceſſariò tempus aliquod interpo<lb></lb>natur, in quo, verbigratia, non ſit mutatio ad id quod non eſt; quia deſiit, nec ad id quod eſt, quia non <lb></lb>dum cępit, quòd .ſ. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> termino per idem inſtans permanere nequeat id quod mutatur & conti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4937"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nuatis oppoſitis motibus agitari, vt ei conueniat potius nomen <foreign lang="grc">ἀμεταβλησίας</foreign> quæ item præſeferat ali<lb></lb>quam imaginem repugnantiæ, veluti mutationes ex contrariis in contraria, vt ab albo ad nigrum, atq <lb></lb>à nigro ad album, & quemadmodum in generatione abſurdum eſt, vt ſimul, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpecie mutatio<lb></lb>nis intereat id quod gignitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> genitum aliquandiu perduret, ita in cæteris motibus termini non <lb></lb>permaneant, ſed vt primum albedo facta eſt, intereat. </s> <s>nullus igitur ex aliis motibus continuus eſſe po<lb></lb>teſt qui terminis actu diſtinctis claudatur. </s> <s>nam quod valet in generationem, pertinet etiam per alios <lb></lb>motus generis eiuſdem. </s> <s>ſpectemus nunc, vtrùm id conuerſioni contingere poſsit, nec'ne. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> re<lb></lb>cto planè tribui poteſt, quando reflectitur, & vtitur vno puncto, vt duobus; vt etiam ſiquidem non in <lb></lb>orbem; ſed per orbem moueatur, vbi repetat idem ſpatium, velut poſtquàm ab oriente peruenerit ad <lb></lb>occaſum per hemiſphęrium noſtrum; inde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reuertatur, etiam cogatur vti vno puncto, vt duob. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm cùm hæc olim abundè tractata fuerint, inde huc commodè conferre poteris: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> patientia <lb></lb>tua voluimus abuti. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omnia ſumuntur ex propriis & certiſsimè concluduntur, ſi vlla perſpicui<lb></lb>tas naturalibus argumentis attribui poteſt. </s> <s>Attamen idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> peragere licebit ex communibus. </s> <s>Ad <lb></lb>id verò efficiendum accipiamus hoc, quod certè quiuis, qui vel ſummis digitis attigerit methodum na<lb></lb>turalem, facilè conceſſerit. </s> <s>Quicquid continuè mouetur, & ad certum quendam locum eo motu perue<lb></lb>nerit; antequam illò peruenerit, eò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motum fuiſſe, etiam cum moueri inciperet, niſi violetur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <pb pagenum="854"></pb> enim eò fertur quò pellitur, etiamſi continuè moueatur, nullam habens illò propenſionem. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò <arrow.to.target n="marg4937a"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> maiorem eſſe rationem, cur ab initio, aut in proceſſu moueri cęperit eodem, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan> cunctis mutationibus <lb></lb>eſſe commune. </s> <s>Hoc ſtante ſi in motus repetitione continuatio ſit, idem duobus motibus contrariis <lb></lb>agetur ſimul, prætereà mutabitur ex eo termino in quo non eſt: <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> verò ſunt abſurda: ergo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>id abſurdum ex quo conſequuntur: motibus .n. illis oppoſitis continuatis ex hypotheſi naſcitur, vt ad <lb></lb> eum terminum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueatur, vnde diſcedebat: nil enim magis in principio mouetur ad eum, <lb></lb>quàm in proceſſu; at ad eum terminum ferii eſt agi motu contrario. </s> <s>Quin etiam dum fertur ad <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> <lb></lb> terminum, ita fertur, quatenus eſt in oppoſito, vt ſi frtur in nigredinem, ita fertur, quia ſit album: at <lb></lb>certè album non eſt: nam qua ration erit album, dum mouetur, vt fiat album? </s> <s>ex eo igitur in quo <lb></lb>non eſt, mouebitur, ſi motus contraij continuari ponantur. </s> <s>Valebunt & hæ ad confirmandos animos <lb></lb>noſros in hac theſi, quæ generatim omni motui adſcribuntur. </s> <s>Nam cùm omnes motus qui perpetui <lb></lb>non ſunt, aut habeant motus contrarios, aut priuatione pręcedente ſingulis oppoſitum habeant in <lb></lb>ea priuatione quietem; </s> <s>loquor autem de toto aliquo motu, non de parte, ſi motum cum aliquo conti<lb></lb>nuari opus ſit, aut cum contrario continuabitur, aut cum quiete: </s> <s>at cum contrario continuari nequit. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic .n. idem motibus contrariis agitari poſſet: cum quiete verò fieri iam nequit, vt continuetur, & eſto, <lb></lb>quòd cum quiete continuari poſsit; nihil ad rem noſtram, qui de <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> continuatione nunc agimus; <lb></lb> & certè cum motu qui ſpecie diſtinguatur, nullus vnquam motus continuari poteſt; </s> <s>ſed solùm eſſe <expan abbr="cõtiguus">con<lb></lb>tiguus</expan>, vt aliàs demonſtrauimus. </s> <s>Prætereà in omni mutatione amiſsio termini à quo eadem eſt ſubie<arrow.to.target n="marg4937a"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cto cum acquiſitione termini ad quem: ſimul .n. fit album, & interit nigrum. </s> <s>Si fatigaris igitur albefa<lb></lb>ctionem cum oppoſita nigrefactione continuari, ex albo fieret non album: idem ergo proceſſus tem<lb></lb>poris eſſet, quo corrumperetur non album; fieret album; ac ſimul fieret non album: </s> <s>ac ſi velis id <lb></lb>quod fieri nequit, in pauca contrahere, idem ſimul corrumetur, & fiet: </s> <s>neque .n. ſufficit tempus, <expan abbr="quãuis">quam<lb></lb>uis</expan> continuum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum ſit plurium motuum ad eos conficiendos continuos, verũm ſi ſpecie <expan abbr="ſeparẽtur">ſeparen<lb></lb>tur</expan>, erunt deinceps quidem, non tamen continui, quondoquidem extrema contrariorum vnum eſſe <lb></lb> non poſsint: </s> <s>at in continuo vnum illa eſſe neceſſe eſt: ex quo item efficitur, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus poſsint eſ<lb></lb>ſe continui, Si ad oppoſita contendant, ſed deinceps tantum. </s> <s>Verùm quid inquies tu de eo, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> vnum <lb></lb>eſt punctum, qui finis eſt formæ præteritæ, & initium futuræ ? </s> <s>Ad hoc dicunt quidam non concludi <lb></lb>hæ vniuersè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> obſtare, quominus id eueniat in nonnulla: at ex propriis hanc rationem Ariſtotels <lb></lb>proficiſci teſtatur: quare & vniuersè: ideòibi formarum ratio ſolum non motuum habetur, & in re<lb></lb>ipſa ſpectatur, quòd ſit: non aũt quòd fiat ſolùm. </s> <s>At inquies Ariſtotelem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> profiteri non eſſe ter<lb></lb>minum eundem formarum. </s> <s>An ita dicendum, non obſtare hæc, quominus non eſſe vnius ſit eſſe alte<lb></lb>rius, veluti ſunt non album & nigrum: ſunt .n. hæc eadem ſubiecto. </s> <s>nil igitur vetat hæc in eodem fie<arrow.to.target n="marg4937c"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ri puncto, ſed motuum contrariorum initia ſunt formæ ipſæ integræ, neque vlla ex parte labefactatæ: <lb></lb></s> <s>exempligratia nigredo albefactionis, nigrefactionis autem albedo: at quòd album & nigrum vnà con<lb></lb>ſiſtant, fieri nequit, ſic igitur nullus motus rectus cum alio continuari poteſt: ſi continuus non eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>igitur vnus: </s> <s>quamobrem neque æternus, neque primus: huc enim tota hæc ratio tendebat. <lb></lb></s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd conuerſio ſola continua ſit, <expan abbr="et">et</expan> prima ſpecies lationis. </s><s>Cap. XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SEQUITVR nunc, vt oſtendamus conuerſionem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> continuum eſſe poſſe; id autem ex eo faci<lb></lb>lè confirmabitur, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> ab eodem puncto in <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> punctum progreſſu eodem nulla reflexionis opera in<lb></lb>tercedente peruenire <expan abbr="põt">poteſt</expan>, quæ certè deſiderabatur in motu recto: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="periculũ">periculum</expan> imminebit, ne contra<lb></lb>riis motibus agatur id quod ita mouetur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item oppoſitis: </s> <s>quandoquidem non <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus, qui eſt <lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> in idem ſpeciem habet repugnantię, ſed inter illa puncta ſolùm, quæ ſe habent tanquàm termi<lb></lb>ni diametri in circulo: ab vnis .n. hiſce <expan abbr="petit'">petitur</expan> ratio repugnantiæ & interualli: cęterùm hæ eſt oppoſito <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> rectum, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ſecundùm circulum: </s> <s>proinde ſi in hoc progreſſu media quies interponitur; <lb></lb>nil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> vetabit, quin motus ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> in idem ſit continuus in circulo. </s> <s>Breuiter aũt hæc ratio complexa <arrow.to.target n="marg4937d"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt illa <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ pluribus diſputata ſunt 1. de Cęlo, quà concluſum eſt conuerſioni nihil eſſe <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>: <expan abbr="efficiet'">efficietur</expan> <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> à nobis hac methodo, niſi quid fallimur; </s> <s>ſi doceamus primũm, vndénam ſpatij repugnan<lb></lb><figure></figure>tia ſumatur; hæc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ab eodem fonte emanat, vnde ſimplicitas motuum deſcendebat; à natura nimi<lb></lb>rum ſpatij quod à mobili peragratur. </s> <s>At in ſpatio duo ſpectantur: forma ſpatij quæ ſumitur à natura <lb></lb>quantitatis; vnde oriuntur <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> & rotundum: & termini eius, ſiue loca quæ duo ſunt; vnus, à quo <lb></lb>diſcedit, & alter ad quem accedit mobile ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, qui ſanè præter alias qualitates quas ha<lb></lb>bent ſecum communes, inter quas eſt repugnantia, ſic contrarij ſunt; </s> <s>quoniam ſi ad hunc locum terra <lb></lb>ſuapte natura <expan abbr="ferat'">feratur</expan>, ab eo præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> diſcedit: & ad alium accedit præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> à quo poſteà ſecun<lb></lb>dùm naturam ſeparatur: </s> <s>ab hoc ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> diſcedet aliud corpus, & huc prę <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> feretur; <lb></lb>ad alium verò ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> mouebitur, & inde præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> abſtrahetur. </s> <s>Quòd ſi motus contra<lb></lb>rij futuri ſint, vt inter contrarios terminos exiſtant; oportet, <expan abbr="q̨">qui</expan> alter contendat ab A. ad B. atque alter <lb></lb>contrà à B. ad A. </s> <s>quare & idem ſubiecto ſpacium eſſe debet, quod à contrariis motibus obitur, ſola ra<lb></lb>tione ſecretum, ſicut aſcenſus & <expan abbr="deſcẽſus">deſcenſus</expan> in eodem cliuo. </s> <s>Quamobrem cùm per idem <expan abbr="ſpaciù">ſpacium</expan> inter eoſ<lb></lb>dem terminos alius motus in circulo fieri nequeat, <expan abbr="q̃">quam</expan> ille qui nunc fit; profectò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alter conuerſioni <lb></lb>reperietur oppoſitus. </s> <s>Inde <expan abbr="igit'">igitur</expan> ſic ſtruamus argumenta. </s> <s>Siquis motus futurus eſſet conuerſioni con<lb></lb>trarius, is aut eſſet motus rectus, aut altera <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan>, ſed nullus eſſe <expan abbr="põt">poteſt</expan> huiuſmodi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur conuer<pb pagenum="855"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg4938"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſioni motus quiſquam contrarius eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus rectus conuerſioni <expan abbr="cõtrarius">contrarius</expan> eſt: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cauſſam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conuerſio recto: commeant enim. </s> <s>Nam ſiquis motus foret conuerſioni contrarius; is <lb></lb>ſanè rectus eſſet: at rectus non eſt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conuerſio igitur. </s> <s>Connexum <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan> ſuam aſſequitur à natura <lb></lb>ſpatij, ſuper quo fit motus: etenim ſpatia hæc contrarias formas obtinere videntur: & motus igitur, <lb></lb>qui in his ſpatiis obeuntur, erunt contrarij. </s> <s>contrarias <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> formas eſſe talium linearum ſic probat Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles: ſiquidem, in circulo duo ſunt, quæ ſecum pugnare cenſeantur, concauum & conuexum: non <lb></lb>poſſunt verò hæc ſtare ſimul cum recto, cùm hæc vndecunque inflexa ſint; linea autem recta nulla ex <lb></lb>parte: concauum <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan>, & conuexum lineæ rectæ opponuntur: verùm circulus è concauo & conuexo <lb></lb>conflatur: maximè igitur opponitur lineę rectæ. </s> <s>quare etiam motus rectus erit conuerſioni maximè <lb></lb>contrarius: hic tamen non eſt: quandò motuum repugnantia ſumitur à repugnantia terminorum: <lb></lb>atqui locus ſuperior inferiori, nec alius vllus locus opponitur: aſcenſus igitur deſcenſui <expan abbr="cõtrarius">contrarius</expan> eſt: <lb></lb>nec alius quiſquam motus. </s> <s>Quoniam verò in hac ratione conſtruenda Ariſt. </s> <s>vſus ea voce <foreign lang="grc">μάλιστα</foreign> ſu<lb></lb>ſpicionem iniecit, ne fortè loco dialectico occupato rem tanti momenti ſuper qua æternitas cæli ſtrue<lb></lb>retur, topicè tractarit; occaſionem præbuit eius interpretibus aliqua aduertendi. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item à nobis exi<lb></lb>ſtimatus eſt dignus, qui <expan abbr="prætereat̃">prætereatur</expan>, in quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Simplicius tanquam à difficultate oppreſſus de acceptis <lb></lb>hęſitarit; vtrùm .ſ. </s> <s>hęc ratio foret à maiori, quemadmodum cenſuit Alexander; an ſit demonſtratio ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4939"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gans: proptereà quòd Ariſt. </s> <s>non pronunciarit <foreign lang="grc">μᾶλλον</foreign>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> huic opponitur <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἧττον</foreign>. </s> <s>ei verò, quod <lb></lb>eſt maximè, nihil opponitur: quanquam & ipſe vt tueretur Alexandrum, adiecit etiam <foreign lang="grc">μάλιστα</foreign> accipi, <lb></lb>vt oppoſitum eius, quod eſt, nullo modo, ex quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> hæc ratio referri poſſet ad genus eorum quæ ſunt <lb></lb>à <expan abbr="cõparatis">comparatis</expan>. </s> <s>Nam lego apud <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> eam abſolutam <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> putari; neque illi officere, ſi à <expan abbr="cõ-muni">con<lb></lb>muni</expan> loco ducatur: quoniam proprius reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & contractus ad certum ſubiectum efficit fidem quæ <lb></lb>demonſtrationi conueniat, & pariat ſcientiam. </s> <s>Sed tamen, vt explicem animi mei ſenſum, non puto <lb></lb>ego, tametſi <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> loca propria reddi poſſunt, & in propoſitiones conuerti; ita vt tanquam ſyllogiſmi <lb></lb>partes aſſumantur; hunc noſtrum in huiuſmodi poſſe numerari. </s> <s>Prætereà proprium in demonſtratio<lb></lb>ne, non ſic accipitur, quia propoſitio fiat; nec quae ſit ex inhęrentibus ſimpliciter, ſed ex iis quæ per ſe ſunt, <lb></lb>& vinculum definitionis continent: doceant igitur, quemadmodum ab intimis rei principiis ea propo<lb></lb>ſitio petatur: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> complectitur quod per ſe ſit. </s> <s>Idcirco aut ita dicendum; nihil referre, quemad<lb></lb>modum <expan abbr="accipiat̃">accipiatur</expan> illud coniunctum. </s> <s>quae in eo nulla fides poſita ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> demonſtratiua, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dialectica; <lb></lb>ſed in probatione aſſumpti: quare etiam concludi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> potuiſſet hoc modo. </s> <s>Motuum repugnantia <expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan> <lb></lb>à terminis oppoſitis, ſed quantum ſpectat ad terminos, rectus recto, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> conuerſioni opponitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aut ſi progreſſus eius rationis, & vis illius loci perſpiciatur: apparebit allatum fuiſſe potius ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4940"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="confirmationẽ">confirmationem</expan> partis oppoſitæ noſtri problematis. </s> <s>habetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fides eius, quòd motus rectus ſit con<lb></lb>uerſioni contrarius, quę ſanè topiça eſt. </s> <s>poſteà verò fides <expan abbr="adſcribat̃">adſcribatur</expan> alterius oppoſiti quę <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> faciat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec mirum cum exercendi ingenij, ac veritatis inueniendæ gratia ſępe ſoleat Ariſtoteles: ponere qua<lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="cõflictum">conflictum</expan> rationum certarum & probabilium. </s> <s>quapropter hæc diſtributio præſtaret <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> mea qui<lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="ſoĩa">ſoina</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="ductũ">ductum</expan> huiu ſce <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> in <expan abbr="argumẽta">argumenta</expan> duo partiremur; quorum primum <expan abbr="topicũ">topicum</expan> foret eo vſque. <lb></lb></s> <s>“Qui <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ſuper recta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum demonſtratiuum in iis quæ ſequuntur; quaſi illa coniunctio ſit ad<lb></lb>uerſatiua; ducitur verò à principiis propriis huius methodi, <expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> ab oppoſitione terminorum.” Hunc <lb></lb>rationum ductum agnouit <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui dixit ex hoc manifeſtè ſequi, conuerſionem motui recto <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4941"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non eſſe contrariam: nam ſi aſcenſus & deſcenſus propter terminos contrarij ſunt, cùm motus cœleſtis <lb></lb>non ſit ad terminos eoſdem; non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> igitur vllo modo eſſe recto contrarius. </s> <s>Confirmat etiam propo<lb></lb>ſitum à natura contrariorum; ſiquidem ea inter ſe afficiunt & deſtruunt. </s> <s>ſi ergo cœlum pugnaret cum <lb></lb>elementis; certè propter eius immenſam <expan abbr="vaſtitatẽ">vaſtitatem</expan> factum iam eſſet, vt inane foret apud nos <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ele<lb></lb>mentis <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> in ſubſtantiam cœli conuerſis: cùm tamen tantum abſit, vt cœlum deſtruat, vt potius conſer<lb></lb>uet: quinimmo ipſius motu ceſſante neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> generatio finiretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat, ſi oppo<lb></lb>nas Auerroi, quia ſi motuum repugnantia à locorum, <expan abbr="terminorumq́">terminorumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="repugnãtia">repugnantia</expan> ſumatur, eadem via <lb></lb>concludere licebit igni cęlum fore contrarium dicam enim. </s> <s>Motus contrarij ſunt ad loca contraria; <lb></lb>huiuſmodi verò ſunt motus ignis & cœli: quapropter opponuntur. </s> <s>Si ergo vera ſunt ea quæ teſtatur <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ex repugnantia motuum fieri <expan abbr="coniecturã">coniecturam</expan> de repugnantia ſubſtantiæ; planum eſt, quòd ignis & cę<lb></lb>lum contraria eſſe <expan abbr="cõcludentur">concludentur</expan>: ſiquidem à centro, & ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> loca ſunt, <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. </s> <s>contrarij, ſed ignis <lb></lb>moueatur à centro, ad centrum verò cœlum. </s> <s>Tum etiam quia nullus ortus ſine interitu: ſi ergo cœ<lb></lb>lum generat; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> corrumpit. </s> <s>Nam quantum certè ad primum pertinet, etſi audiuimus <expan abbr="quoſ-dã">quoſ<lb></lb>dam</expan> fateri motus ſpecificari à terminis, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> parentur, & ab illis motum præfiniri ſemper, & <lb></lb>denominari, & <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> oppoſitos aſſequi contingat ab illis varietatem ſumi, ſed in motu recto <lb></lb>duntaxat; <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> mihi arridet hæc <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>: primùm, quae vniuersè pronunciatum eſt ab Ariſt. </s> <s>motus à ter<lb></lb>mino ſpecificari. </s> <s>Deinde obſeruamus eius progreſſum in toto volumine de cœlo, quia cùm Ariſt. </s> <s>in<lb></lb>uenire vellet numerum corporum ſimplicium ex ſuis motib. eos item per terminos ſeparauit, & dixit <lb></lb>à medio, ad medium, & <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> medium: quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſub hac propoſitione motus cœleſtis, & ipſa demum <lb></lb>conuerſio comprehenditur. </s> <s>Ac nos anteà docuimus, cùm à centro terræ mouetur aqua ad aëris ſuper <lb></lb>ficiem, illum eſſe aſcenſum, vbi de ſphęra ignis eodem agatur, eſſe deſcenſum. </s> <s>Proptereà manentes in <lb></lb>eodem propoſito, nimirùm quòd tria motum internè conſtituant, ſubiectum .ſ. </s> <s>& termini <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan>; nega<lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="cẽtrum">centrum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo terminum grauium quę igni <expan abbr="opponunt̃">opponuntur</expan>, & cęli. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> grauium, vt àd què; <lb></lb>cœli verò, vt circum quem; hoc eſt, ſimul à quo, & ad quem, veluti poſthac explicabitur. </s> <s>Addo etiam <pb pagenum="856"></pb>interitum in natura per ſe non euenire, ſed per accidens: quatenus .ſ. </s> <s>apparatur ad nouæ rei generatio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4942"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nẽ">nem</expan>, & hoc pacto cœlum per ſe gignit, corrumpit autem per accidens. </s> <s>Verùm ad illius loci perſpicuita<lb></lb>tem Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſius verba <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> grauabimur afferre; ſunt verò huiuſmodi. <foreign lang="grc">Πρῶτον μὲν ὁτι τῇ περιφερεῖ τὴν <lb></lb>εὐθεῖαν ἀνπικεῖσθαι μάλιστα τιθεμεν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὸ γὰρ κο̂ιλον καὶ κυρτὸν, οὐ μόνον ἀλλήλοις ἀντικεῖσθαι δικεῖ. <lb></lb>ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ευθεῖ συνδυαζόμενα καὶλαβόντα συν́θεσιν, ὡστ' εἴπερ ἐνανηὶα τίς ἐστιν, τὴν ἐπι τῆς εὐθείας <lb></lb>μαλιστα ἀναγκαῖον ἐναντιαν εἵναι πρὸς τὴν κύκλῳ κὶνησιν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">αἱ δὲ ἐπι τῆς εὐθείας, ἀλλήλων ἀντίκειν<lb></lb>ται διὰ τοῦς τόπους. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὸ γὰρ ἄνω καὶ τὸ κάτω τόπουτέ ἐστὶ διαφορὰ καὶ ἐναντίωσις</foreign>. </s> <s>& reliqua. </s> <s>ſenſus eo<lb></lb>rum talis eſt. </s> <s>“Primùm quidem quòd circulo rectam opponi maximè ponimus. </s> <s>hoc eſt, accipimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>concauum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & conuexum non ſolùm inter ſe opponuntur, ſed etiam recto copulata, & cum compo<lb></lb>ſitionem acceperint. </s> <s>Quare ſiquidem contrarius quidam eſt, eum qui ſuper recta fit, neceſſe eſt maxi<lb></lb>mè contrarium eſſe conuerſioni, & <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> procedit argumentum à maiori. </s> <s>Qui verò ſuper recta <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan>, <lb></lb>inter ſe opponuntur propter loca. </s> <s>ſupra enim & infra loci differentiæ ſunt & repugnantiæ, quod con<lb></lb>tinet fidem demonſtratiuam.”</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4934"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>2. decæ l.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4935"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4936"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4937"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4937a"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4937b"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4937c"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4937d"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4938"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4939"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4940"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4941"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 24.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4942"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm conuerſioni alius quiſpiam motus contrarius ſit, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NEC clam me eſt, aliis etiam modis allatam rationem agitari poſſe; quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> cùm pertineat ad ex<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4943"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plicationem motus, prætermitti nequit ſine graui nota, ne virum ſapientia præcellentem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> In<lb></lb>veſtigatione veri, niſi ſublime ſentire ſolitum aliquid caſtigato operi adieciſſe repugnans arbitremur, <lb></lb>& in ea quæſtione præſertim quæ diu torſerit Auerroëm, vt <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> à Deo illuminatum ſe verum repe<lb></lb>tiſſe teſtetur. </s> <s>Nam ſuſpectum cuipiam non iniuria fuerit robur huius argumenti. </s> <s>Siquis eſt motus <expan abbr="cõ-uerſioni">con<lb></lb>uerſioni</expan> contrarius; is erit rectus: at rectus non eſt, nec conuerſio igitur. </s> <s>à nobis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic retorqueri pote<lb></lb>rit in Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Siquis eſt contrarius motus motui recto; is erit conuerſio, ſed motui recto conuer<lb></lb>ſio non aduerſatur: ergo nullus motus erit recto contrarius. </s> <s>Deinde acceptum eſt vnum motum re<lb></lb>ctum eſſe alteri recto contrarium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> propter repugnantiam terminorum: quandoqui<lb></lb>dem accipiamus motum ignis & terræ quos nemo inficiatur eſſe contrarios: at capitur terræ motus vt <lb></lb>ignis motui contrarius, aut deſcenſus aſcenſui corporis eiuſdem. </s> <s>Primùm ſanè dici nequit, quandò <lb></lb>contraria verſantur in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm item, quia contrariorum <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> motus <expan abbr="cõtra-rij">contra<lb></lb>rij</expan> non eſſent. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſumo argumentum Auerrois, quod tale eſt. </s> <s>Quæ ſpecie diſtinguuntur magis <lb></lb>contraria ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quæ quouis alio modo ſeparantur: motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rectus, & conuerſio ſpecie diſtin<lb></lb>guuntur: magis ergo contrarij ſunt iſti motus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> recti. </s> <s>Ego verò cenſeo diſcrimen inter Ariſtotelicum <lb></lb><expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, & noſtrum illud primum intercedere; nam rectus ex ſuis terminis aſſequitur <expan abbr="differẽtiam">differentiam</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4944"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conuerſio non item: proptereà motus recti ſunt plures, <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> vnus, & admittunt repugnatiam, conuerſio <lb></lb>verò vna eſt; nil autem ſibi ipſi repugnat: firmum igitur, & inexpugnabile eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>argumentum: <lb></lb>id verò, quod contra illum <expan abbr="affert̃">affertur</expan>, nil habet momenti. </s> <s>Verùm, vt diluere perbellè poſsis obiectionem ſe<lb></lb>cundam; accipe loca contraria illa quę contrariis modis vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>corpus afficiunt; <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> id, qua<lb></lb>tenus prædita ſunt certis qualitatibus ſenſilibus. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> loca mathematicè accipienda ſunt: nam ſu<lb></lb>perficiei, quatenus huiuſmodi, nulla eſt efficacitas, vtputa, ſi vnus ex illis conſeruet; alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corrum<lb></lb>pat. </s> <s>cùm igitur terra <expan abbr="conſeruet̃">conſeruetur</expan> inferius, ſuperius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corrumpatur: loca iſta contraria iudicanda <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb>& corpora contraria quæ contrariis modis afficiuntur in iis locis, vt ignis qui in loco ſuperiore conſer<lb></lb>uatur; hîc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corrumpitur: ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ignis & terra ſunt corpora contraria, & planè contrariis con<lb></lb>ditionis <expan abbr="contrariiſq́">contrariiſque</expan>. </s> <s>de cauſsis affecta ſunt: terra <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe frigida & immobilis eſt; ignis contrà per ſe <lb></lb>calidus, & mobilitate vigens; illud tertæ oritur ab inopia caloris qui <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> à cœlo; hoc igni ac<lb></lb>cedit ex <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> caloris copia; proptereà maximè producitur & potiſsimè conſeruatur in centro mun<lb></lb>di terra, quae à fonte caloris ſummè diſtat; ignis propè cœlum ſe recipit, vbi caloris nerui & vires poten<lb></lb>tiſsimę ſunt, ex cuius participatione cùm intereant & oriantur elementa tranſmutatione facta circum <lb></lb>eandem <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, fit vt in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto contraria ſibi ſuccedant. </s> <s>De tertio verò in diuerſa ſtudia ſcin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4945"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="dunt̃">duntur</expan> philoſophi, nonnullis opinantibus, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> rectum & <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> ſpecie non differre: ſiquidem il<lb></lb>la quæ ſunt ſpecie diuerſa, genere conuenire ſoleant: at motus rectus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conuerſio maiore <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> in<lb></lb>teruallo diſiunguntur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> genera ipſa faciant: etenim ſe habent tanquam <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> & caducum. </s> <s>Quòd ſi <lb></lb>dicitur ea quæ ſpecie differunt, magis differre quàm ea quæ differunt alio modo; intelligendum eſt, in<lb></lb>quiunt, in iis ſolùm quę ſunt generis eiuſdem. </s> <s>Alij contrà putant hos motus ſpecie diſcrepare, genere <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan>: genus verò <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> motui dicunt eſſe ipſum vbi: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>negant <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> à motu recto <lb></lb>diſtingui, velut æternum à caduco: nam <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> vniuerſa <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan> ex ſingulis circuitibus qui deficiunt, <lb></lb>& vnus nouus alteri, vt craſtinus hodierno ſuccedit. </s> <s>Arbitror <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hanc <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> mirum in modum à ve<lb></lb>ritate abhorrere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam ſi plures ſint circuitus qui ſpatio ſingulorum <expan abbr="dierũ">dierum</expan> conficiuntur: at non <lb></lb>ita finiuntur, vt interpungantur reipſa quiete, & reuera vnus eſt motus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>continuus qui ex <expan abbr="eiuſ-dẽ">eiuſ<lb></lb>dem</expan> aſtri reditu ſuper <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> puncto <expan abbr="cõpletur">completur</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde ſi <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan> in genere, in materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="conueniãt">conueniant</expan> <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> à materiæ conuenientia generis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> & vniuocatio peti ſolent à phyſicis: erit igitur & <lb></lb>materia <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> motus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> & mobilium igitur: quapropter erit materia corporum cœleſtium & ca<lb></lb>ducorum, quod certè ſupra <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> Peripateticorum placitis <expan abbr="aduerſat̃">aduerſatur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò eſt, quae tu aram tibi pares; <lb></lb>quanuis ſic accidentia ponantur vniuoca; nihilominus eorum <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan> non attingere <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>nam primùm nos id tibi non dabimus, qui <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> accidentis vniuoci quod per ſe ineſt, vnum proprium <pb pagenum="857"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4946"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubiectum de genere ſubſtantiæ conſtituimus. </s> <s>Deinde mirum nobis <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>ex motuum ipſorum <lb></lb>repugnantia iudicium ferre de repugnantia ſubſtantiæ, nobis autem non licere ex conuenientia & vni<lb></lb>uocatione motuum ſtantib. in eodem præcepto mobilium <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan> & vniuocationem <expan abbr="cõcludere">concludere</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quae ſi motus iſti <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> habent <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan>, ſecum conferri poſſent, quod tamen <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> re<lb></lb>pudiatur ab Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Poſtremò quæ'nam vis erit earum <expan abbr="rõnum">rationum</expan> quas modò tractamus, vt <expan abbr="cõcluda-mus">concluda<lb></lb>mus</expan> hunc ſolùm inter motus naturales eſſe perpetuum. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> communis eorum natura eſt, quo pacto id <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ſuccedet? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud verum eſt quod ponitur ab illis, motum <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> & <expan abbr="cõuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> eſſe in eodem <lb></lb>genere, vbi ipſo nimirum. </s> <s>non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eorum genus eſt ipſum vbi, ſicut ab initio demonſtrauimus; neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſi ab eo <expan abbr="cõprehendantur">comprehendantur</expan>, idcirco erit vniuocum. </s> <s>nec quę genera ſummia in prædicamentis accipiuntur <lb></lb>ea ſunt vniuoca verè & propriè, ſed ſecundùm famam: quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pacto accipiuntur à dialectico, quae inſtitu<lb></lb>tionis gratia tum tradita fuerint. </s> <s>Quamobrem opinor iſtos motus magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſpecie differre, & toto ge<lb></lb>nere phyſico ſeparari, quemadmodum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mobilia <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſpecie differunt, & toto genere diſiun<lb></lb>guntur. </s> <s>ac ſicuti corpora æterna & caduca ſunt ſubſtantiæ ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; quapropter <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inter ſe contraria <lb></lb>ſunt, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iudicium de motib. illorum facere oportere: ſiquidem contraria ſint quæ inter ſe ma<lb></lb>ximè ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere diſtant. </s> <s>ea verò ſunt inter quæ mutatio contingit; <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> autem in materia & gene<lb></lb>re phyſico <expan abbr="cõſenſerint">conſenſerint</expan> opus eſt; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>fit, vt magis ea diſcrepent <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> genus, vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt, quàm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4947"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reliqua, & quia non poſsint eſſe contraria; non item ſint ſpecie differentia. </s> <s>Quanuis autem ſuſpicari <lb></lb>poſsis ea quæ genere diſtinguuntur, magis differre perſuaſus ab illo ordine qui <expan abbr="ſpectat̃">ſpectatur</expan> in differentibus <lb></lb>quando maius diſcrimen eſt in ſpecie, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in indiuiduo, & in genere maius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in ſpecie: quamobrem ea <lb></lb>toto genere ſeparantur, magis diſcrepant, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quę ſola ſpecie <expan abbr="diſtinguunt̃">diſtinguuntur</expan>; ideò multò magis ea diſiun<lb></lb>gentur quæ ſunt extra genus. </s> <s>Scire licet in conuenientia & diſcrepantia <expan abbr="duarũ">duarum</expan> rerum haberi rationem, <lb></lb>eſſentiæ videlicet, & ſubiecti, ſeu materiæ à qua <expan abbr="ducit̃">ducitur</expan> eſſentiæ ratio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vel in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere ſpectari, vel <lb></lb>in generibus diuerſis. </s> <s>ac profectò in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere maximum eſt <expan abbr="interuallũ">interuallum</expan> eorum quę ſpecie differunt; <lb></lb>quippe quae forma ſeparentur, & <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> in <expan abbr="eodõ">eodem</expan> indiuiduo <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> queant, ſed ſimpliciter eſſentiæ diſtan<lb></lb>tia maior eſt in iis quæ toto genere diſtinguuntur; quippe quae in nulla eſſentiæ parte conueniant, cùm <lb></lb>cęteroquin ea quæ ſpecie <expan abbr="ſegregant̃">ſegregantur</expan>, <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> eſſentiæ partem <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> nimirùm, vnde generis <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> deriuatur; (etenim ſi genus eſt <expan abbr="eſsẽtiæ">eſsentiæ</expan> pars, id verò phyſicè <expan abbr="ſumit̃">ſumitur</expan> à materia, profectò materia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>pars eſſentiæ reputanda eſt) <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> commutari poſſunt. </s> <s>Quod autem pertinet ad ſubiectum in quo ob<lb></lb>ſeruatur exiſtentia; id verò eſt indiuiduum: multò minus diſcrepant <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quæ ſpecie differunt; qua<lb></lb>propter in eodem indiuiduo conſiſtunt. </s> <s>Ex quo maius diſcrimen eorum quæ ſpecie differunt ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>poſitum fuiſſe credimus, non ſimpliciter, ſed <expan abbr="cõparatè">comparatè</expan> ad ea quæ ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere collocantur. </s> <s>Niſi ſer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4948"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>monis obſeruata proprietate locutum fuiſſe dicamus Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vis ſermonis eſt, vt differre dicantur <lb></lb>ea quæ in aliquo <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> diſtinguuntur; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> differentia poſitiuum quid eſt, nonmodò quia <expan abbr="ſignificat̃">ſignificatur</expan> <lb></lb>affirmatione, ſed quia ponit aliquid in differentibus, diuerſa verò quæ nihil habent <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> in quo ſe<lb></lb>parentur. </s> <s>Ideò differentibus propriè ſumptis <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> philoſophi procedat. </s> <s>Proinde ad <expan abbr="argumẽtum">argumentum</expan> <lb></lb>Auerrois ita reſpondemus conceſſa propoſitione per inficiationem aſſumptionis. </s> <s>Radix <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> differentię <lb></lb>motuum eſt ipſa ſubſtantia; licet hîc nos à ſigno & via motus corporum differentias indagemus: ille <lb></lb>enim notior nobis eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſubſtantia. </s> <s>verùm quae accidentis eſt ea conditio, vt à ſubſtantia perficiatur: ex <lb></lb>hoc efficitur, vt origo differentiæ ſit ipſa ſubſtantia; hanc verò motus conſequuntur, vnde poſteà nos, <lb></lb>tanquàm à ſigno, de ſubſtantiis iudicium ferimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4943"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4944"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4945"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4946"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4947"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4948"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reliqua de motuum repugnantia ſubſcribuntur, & de ratione menſuræ dubitatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VIDENDVM eſt nunc an'ne motus qui fit ſuper circunferentia, poſsit eſſe contrarius alteri mo<lb></lb>tui qui item ſuper circunferentia fiat. </s> <s>Huius <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> argumenti plura ſunt capita quæ ſumuntur à <lb></lb>modo quo motus <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> pacto ſuper circunferentia procedit: fit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel ſuper ſectione circuli, vel <lb></lb>ſuper ſemicirculo, vel ſuper toto circulo. </s> <s>quòd ſi nullo, ex his modis contrarij motus exiſtant, perſpi<lb></lb>cuum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> erit conuerſioni nullum motum eſſe contrarium. </s> <s>Succedet autem id nobis, ſi ſtatuamus <lb></lb><expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> motuum peti à repugnantia terminorum; illa verò eſſe contraria, quæ inter ſe ſub eodem <lb></lb>genere maximè diſtant: quocirca ſiquis <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> noſſe debeat; <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diſtantiam <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> no<lb></lb>rit oportet quam inter contraria conſtituimus: atqui maximum hoc interuallum ſignificat quantita<lb></lb>tem: nobis ergo quantitas pernoſcenda eſt; ea verò cognoſcitur aliqua menſura. </s> <s>Porrò menſuræ con<lb></lb>ditiones hę ſunt, quae ſit exploratiſsima; quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pacto rem illuſtrare poterit, niſi & ipſa ſit illuſtris? </s> <s>etenim <lb></lb>ſicut Sol per ſe illuſtris eſſe debet, vt cętera queat illuſtrare; ſic & principia cognitionis, in quibus men<lb></lb>ſura <expan abbr="numerat̃">numeratur</expan>, vt cęteris locum afferant, etiam per ſe luceant neceſſe eſt: minima item vult eſſe menſu<lb></lb>ra; ac minima <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> expoſitione, quae in quantitate & continuis minimum ſimpliciter dari non poteſt; <lb></lb>cùm diuidantur in immenſum, & minima eſſe debet, quae ita ſingulæ partes eius, cui menſura <expan abbr="accommo-dat̃">accommo<lb></lb>datur</expan>, melius noteſcunt: <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> vult eſſe vna; quia ſic certior eſt: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſiquis nunc vlna, mox palmo <expan abbr="pannũ">pannum</expan> <lb></lb>metiretur, panni quantitatem non facilè aſſequeretur; ita etiam in <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> quantitatis eueniret, id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ignorantes Arithmetici quorum doctrina certiſsima eſt, cùm certum <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> perſequi volunt, diuerſa <lb></lb>partium genera ad vnum quod <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> minimum ſit, referre conantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm linea recta ſit explora<lb></lb>tiſsima, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>minima; ſi vna conſeruetur, optimè ſubminiſtrabit interualli quantitatem. </s> <s>Etenim <pb pagenum="858"></pb>quòd minima omnium ſit linea recta confeſſum eſt: tametſi cum in philoſophia naturali, tum in ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4949"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>thematicis eius hypotheſeos probatio <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> afferri: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiquidem philoſophus naturalis qui nouit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4950"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non redundare, & videt imagines lucis, & colorum rectà non in obliquum ferri, & ſic agere poteſtates <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> expertes, <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan> indicat eſſe breuiorem, ſed cùm hæc pendeant ex <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> conceptionibus faci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4951"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lè creduntur. </s> <s>itaque ſine demonſtratione ſumi conſuerunt. </s> <s>quæ cùm experientia phyſica perſuadeat; <lb></lb>non inconuenit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſumi pro confeſsis à mathematico: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe phyſicas declinat <expan abbr="experiẽtias">experientias</expan>, quia <lb></lb>tamen, vt dixi, & ex communib. conceptionibus, & ex his quæ <expan abbr="tradunt̃">traduntur</expan> in <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> libris ab Euclide <lb></lb>ſubtilius, probari poſſunt, ſub petitionis appellationem veniunt: etenim ex eo, quae ſuper <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> linea recta <lb></lb>duci <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> obliqua, & ab extremis rectæ ad <expan abbr="obliquã">obliquam</expan> in quolibet puncto duæ lineæ, & confici <expan abbr="triãgulum">triangulum</expan>; <lb></lb>duo verò ipſius latera ſemper tertio maiora ſunt, inde efficitur, vt multo magis linea recta ſit breuior <lb></lb>obliqua. </s> <s>His ita conſtitutis facilè eſt probare ſuper circuli ſectione motus contrarios fieri non poſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim ſi fieret motus contrarius ſuper circuli ſectione; foret ſanè ab vno extremo ad alterum, vtpu<lb></lb>ta, ab A. ad B. & viciſsim à B. ad A. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel ſuper diuerſis ſectionib. vel ſuper eadem. </s> <s>Atqui ſuper <lb></lb>hoc ſpatio contrarius motus eſſe non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; quando .ſ. </s> <s>qui dixerit motus illos eſſe contrarios, is reuera <lb></lb>dicit eos motus, qui fiunt ſuper linea recta, ſecum pugnare: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> idem eſt moueri ſuper his lineis ac <lb></lb>ſuper recta. </s> <s>Sed iam dictum eſt motum qui fit ſuper linea recta <expan abbr="cõuerſioni">conuerſioni</expan> non eſſe contrarium: nam <lb></lb>quae contrarij ſint, ex maxima diſtantia perſpicitur; hanc verò nos metimur linea breuiſsima, <expan abbr="eademq́ue">eademque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4952"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>certiſsima & vna: cęterùm circuli ſectiones ſuper ea diſtantia ſunt infinitæ, & incertę quantitatis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>breuiſsimæ ſunt: quapropter ab illis certi interualli <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, vel repugnantiæ peti nequit, ſed à linea recta <lb></lb>duntaxat. </s> <s>Quòd verò ſectiones ſuper illa diſtantia ſint infinitæ; patet; cùm per omne punctum quod <lb></lb>excogitetur in illa ſuperficie quæ ſectione comprehenditur, inter chordam <arrow.to.target n="fig15"></arrow.to.target> & arcum <arrow.to.target n="fig16"></arrow.to.target> poſsit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig17"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duci ſectio minor circuli maioris. </s> <s>Hîc fortaſſe dices: accipiatur vna li<lb></lb>nea curua, & ſuper eadem motum fieri cogitetur. </s> <s>modò ab A ad B, <lb></lb>mox à B ad A. quæro an'ne motus iſti contrarij futuri ſint. </s> <s>Minimè <lb></lb>inquam, eo quae aduerſitas in circunferentia non eſt. </s> <s>& hoc Ariſtotelis ra<lb></lb>tio concludit; & ea. </s> <s>quæ accepta ſunt, in id probandum directò con<lb></lb>tendunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> debemus animo concipere Philoſophum conferre mo<lb></lb>tum qui fit ſuper linea <arrow.to.target n="fig18"></arrow.to.target> cum motibus qui fiunt ſuper <arrow.to.target n="fig19"></arrow.to.target>. </s> <s>& <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig20"></arrow.to.target>, ſed vniuerſa ab eo pronunciata fuiſſe ad confirmandum nullam <lb></lb>menſuræ, vel repugnantiæ cauſſam à circunferentia duci propter na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig21"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turam ipſius: etenim inter eadem ſpatia non vna circunferentia tan<lb></lb>tùm; ſed plures circunduci poſſunt, <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> centra omnino diuerſa ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4953"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quòd ſiquis dixerit rurſus hoc abſurdum conſequi, cùm ſectiones acci<lb></lb>pimus; quoniam ſuper eadem chorda infinitæ duci poſſunt; verùm ſi <lb></lb>fuerit ſemicirculus, aut vnus, aut duo; non autem ſectio; videbitur ea <lb></lb>linea certiſsïma & vna eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> habere centrum vnum ſuper diametro <lb></lb>ſua firmiſsimum: quæritur ergo, ſi ſuper ſemicirculo fiant motus inter contrarios terminos, ſint'ne in<lb></lb>de termini diſtantię petendi à qua exoriatur eorum repugnantia: <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>id accidere poſsit, vbi ſit vnus <lb></lb>ſemicirculus, aut duo circuli <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, de motib. <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan> ſuper vno ſemicirculo prius agamus. </s> <s>Negamus <lb></lb><expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ſuper eo fieri poſſe motus contrarios; quandò & hîc repugnantia non ex linea curua, ſed ex dia<lb></lb>metro naſcitur: quare ſequetur, vt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> motus efficiatur, quantum ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſpectat, ac ſi ſuper diame<lb></lb>tro fiat; ſiquidem <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> diſtantia ſumatur à linea recta. </s> <s>Quanquam & ad rationis huiuſce <expan abbr="perſpi-cuitatẽ">perſpi<lb></lb>cuitatem</expan> <expan abbr="aduertendũ">aduertendum</expan> eſt infinitas has lineas curuas accipi ad numerum <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo quo ponitur vna li<lb></lb>nea recta: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> menſuræ ratio quae vna ſit, & ex illo item, quae iſtæ lineæ curuæ ſint infinitæ; <expan abbr="infinitã">infinitam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>notari diſtantiam, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> menſuræ ingenium euertit, cùm debeat eſſe certæ quantitatis. </s> <s>Vnde item <lb></lb>manifeſtum eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>nolle deducere argumentum ad id, quae infinita vni contraria ſint, & quae fruſtra quę<lb></lb>ritur, an ſint oppoſita, quaſi ſpecie diuerſa, an numero ſolùm. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc certè expoſitio quadrat opti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4954"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mè ad contextum. </s> <s>Vt autem id clarius appareat, audiamus ipſum, cuius hæc verba ſunt. </s> <s>Quicunque <lb></lb>dicit motum ſuper ſectione circuli inter A & B eſſe contrarios, dicit motum ſuper linea recta AB. eſſe <lb></lb>contrarium. </s> <s>ratio verò eius euenti talis eſt, quae ipſa ſola terminata eſt, aliæ verò curuæ inter <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> puncta <lb></lb>A & B numeri ſunt infiniti: id autem repugnat ingenio menſuræ; cùm ipſa vna eſſe velit, & certè ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis: idcirco etiam tollit interuallum, & vnà cum interuallo repugnantiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtant inſti<lb></lb>tuto progreſſui, quæ afferunt Alexander & Philoponus, ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> fingens moueri aliquid inter ignem <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> ſuper ſemicirculo: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> inter motus ſimplices extat repugnantia; <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> verò illi accipiunt mi<lb></lb>xtus eſt, quippe aut animatorum, aut <expan abbr="affectorũ">affectorum</expan> præter naturam. </s> <s>Inanima <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>mouentur ſimpliciter, ſolùm motu recto <expan abbr="concitant̃">concitantur</expan>, aut in orbem reuoluuntur, & circum terram. </s> <s>Phi<lb></lb>loponus <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> eo nomine inſimulauit Ariſtotelem, quae concludere voluerit ſuper circuli ſectione motus <lb></lb>contrarios non obiri ex eo, quae infinitæ ſectiones in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> linea deſcribi poſſent, & vſus fuerit demonſtra<lb></lb>tione mathematica, & ſic in eo peccarit, quae demonſtrationem ex vno genere in aliud tranſtulerit: ma<lb></lb>thematicus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ille eſt qui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> punctum ducere <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> curuam, ſiue ea ſit portio <lb></lb>circuli maioris, ſeu minoris; at in natura ſpatium vnum eſt <expan abbr="definitũ">definitum</expan> quo non datur maius, aut minus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà, quia fuerit aſſumptum, menſuram lineæ curuæ à recta eſſe petendam: quandò ea eſſe debet <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ὁμογενὴς</foreign>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõſimilis">conſimilis</expan> ei, cuius eſt: recta verò linea ſpecie ſeparetur à curua. </s> <s>Quinetiam negat Ariſt. <pb pagenum="859"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4955"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in circulo <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> eſſe diſtantiam; tamen in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tanta eſt, vt maior eſſe non poſsit; velut ea, per <lb></lb>quam Aries diſtat à Libra, & Scorpius à Sagittario: ergo etiam repugnantia videtur eſſe in cœlo per li<lb></lb>neam curuam. </s> <s>Sed quantum eſt de primo; quanuis cęlum, & eius ambitus ſecundùm naturam ſic di<lb></lb>uidi nequeant, vt pars à parte diſtrahatur: attamen catenus præſefert <expan abbr="imaginẽ">imaginem</expan> diuiſionis, vel eam <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>deſignationis ipſi vocant; vel alteram quæ naſcit à varietate motus, qua quælibet pars ſenſilis à quauis <lb></lb>alia diſiungitur; de qua re nos pluribus aliàs: quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in eius ambitu multas lineas curuas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò <lb></lb>infinitas iuxta quodque punctum excogitare licet; non ſecus àc in alio corpore, quodcunque illud ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed inſtiteris illicò nos vrgens argumento Philoponi. </s> <s>Cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non erit hęc mathematica diuiſio non <expan abbr="cõ-ſideratis">con<lb></lb>ſideratis</expan> in ea ſenſilibus qualitatibus? </s> <s>Idcirco dicamus hanc diuiſionem non repugnare etiam corpo<lb></lb>ribus naturalibus propter materiam qua continuitas ipſa fundatur: quo etiam modo multa 6. Phyſ. <lb></lb>magnitudini attributa fuiſſe non ignoramus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi tu quæras ex me, quid hæc ſpeculatio diſtat <lb></lb>à mathematica; præſertim quòd placet mihi mathematicum ab eiuſmodi materia non ſeuocare? <lb></lb></s> <s>certè nihil, quod conſiderandi genus immutet. </s> <s>Cur ergo non tranſilitur de genere in genus? </s> <s>An etſi re<lb></lb>ipſa ſunt conſiderationes eædem; nihilominus ex fine diſtinguuntur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>mathematicus per ſe ſpe<lb></lb>ctet eiuſmodi quantitates; naturalis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, vt eas applicet ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſenſilẽ">ſenſilem</expan>. </s> <s>Sic dico 6. Phyſ. magnitudi<lb></lb>nem tractari naturaliter propter finem cuius ergo inſtituta eſt illa diſputatio, licèt res ipſa conſiderata ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4956"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eadem; ſicuti non inficias iuerim <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan> <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> quę tradita eſt ab initio phyſiologię, re uera <lb></lb>eſſe primi philoſophi; cęterùm reddi <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> gratia finis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id pro abſurdo <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> puto; ſiquan<lb></lb>do vna ſcientia ſe habuerit ad <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> ex appoſitione, quemadmodum naturalis ad mathematicen: opinor <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> philoſophiam propter ens, quod eſt generale <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> eius diſciplinæ. </s> <s>Nec ob id cenſeo <lb></lb>ſubeſſe <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſubalterni, quia conſideratio mathematica non eſt reipſa prior, ſed <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> duntaxat; ita <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> prima philoſophia, quatenus ſpecificatur ente vniuerſali quod eſt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, cùm ſit natura poſterius <lb></lb>ſuis partibus quarum vna eſt ſubſtantia naturalis; ac ſi prior item natura reputetur; id acceptum refer<lb></lb>ri oporteat alteri entis parti quæ ſeiuncta eſt à materia à qua <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> formalis ſcientiæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> deducitur: etenim <lb></lb><expan abbr="petit̃">petitur</expan> à ſubiecto quod eſt ens. </s> <s>Nunc ea quæ ſibi ſubiicit alteram <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan>, de ſubiecto eſſe debet, quod <lb></lb>ſit prius natura, & ſubeat <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> rationem formalem: nam tale eſſe conuenit, vt ex eo appareant cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ ſubiecti ſubalternati. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> prærogatiua ſubalternationis excluduntur methodi quæ ex appoſitione <lb></lb>habent. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de eo, quae linea recta non poſsit metiri circulum, conceſsit <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> pacto Phi<lb></lb>lopono Simplicius; ſiquidem <expan abbr="mẽſuræ">menſuræ</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> in illo <expan abbr="poſitã">poſitam</expan> eſſe duxerit, quae ſit <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> naturæ; nam reuera <lb></lb>pannus: pannum <expan abbr="metit̃">metitur</expan>, & quòd applicetur ad id cuius debet eſſe menſura; neutrum tamen ineſſe in li<lb></lb>nea recta ad curuam, ſed eatenus haberi <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan>, quae metimur interuallum terminorum lineæ curuæ <lb></lb>quod ſumitur à linea recta. </s> <s>Verumenimuero multa mihi ſuccurrunt aduerſus <expan abbr="Simpliciũ">Simplicium</expan> eruta ex ipſo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4957"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ariſtotele: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> iam conceſſum eſt <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> à motu recto ſpecie ſeparari, aut etiam genere toto: <lb></lb>ea tamen eſt aliorum menſura. </s> <s>Prætereà teſtatur Ariſt. </s> <s>ad <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> magnitudinis eſſe neceſſarium, quae <lb></lb>ſit vna: & vno ſic metimur numerum, vt non per aliud ipſum metiamur. </s> <s>Deus item eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> menſu<lb></lb>ra; ipſe verò eſt extra omne genus. </s> <s>Necnon metimur perimetrum ipſa diametro, & linea corpus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>hîc eſt, quae dicamus eam eſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> imperfectam, quia nulla certior datur. </s> <s>Quin etiam ſemper valet <lb></lb>argumentum Ariſt. </s> <s>aduerſus id, quae curuum alterius curui menſura ponatur. </s> <s>ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> debet vtrunque <lb></lb>metiri linea recta. </s> <s>Proptereà recta magnitudinem <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> prima menſura ſtatuenda eſt à curua diffe<lb></lb>rens, & quæ aptari non poſsit. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſi Ptolemęum conſulimus, quantum pertinet ad <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> ma<lb></lb>gnitudinum (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> puto generatim hoc euenire) facilè concedetur aptari <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> rectam ad <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ma<lb></lb>gnitudinem; quatenus omnes dimenſiones ſeorſum reſoluuntur in longitudinem <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan>; hæc verò pri<lb></lb>ma quantitas eſt quæ ſola recta linea deſignatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> Ptolemęus qui corpus <expan abbr="vndequaq.">vndequaque</expan>, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="tri-fariã">tri<lb></lb>fariam</expan> ſectile eſſe fuit oſtenſurus; ſeparatim de <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ex longitudine quæ rectà protenditur, omnes di<lb></lb>menſiones indagauit, vt ea tantùm differentia inter <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> & corpus exiſtat, quae ſit ſecunda & tertia lon<lb></lb>gitudo, & ambæ vna linea excepta, quæ eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> prima, ex ordine iudicentur, antecedentibus ex ordi<lb></lb>ne ſuppoſitis, vt prima ſecundæ, & <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> tertiæ quæ iam corpus abſoluit: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>metimur eas linea re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4958"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cta; ſic diſtantia perimetri noteſcit longitudine & latitudine ſeorſum perſpecta; nullam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliam habet <lb></lb>diſtantiam; proinde latitudo eſt, vt ſecunda longitudo cui reſpondet linea recta. </s> <s>Quia tamen inquit <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>eam eſſe <foreign lang="grc">ὁμογενῆ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>eiuſdem generis; etiam latius menſuræ <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="ſumendã">ſumendam</expan> eſſe credimus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> exi<lb></lb>ſtimarit Simplicius, vel quae id <foreign lang="grc">ὁμογενὲς</foreign> eſſe dicatur, quod in partes diſsimiles reſolui nequeat, <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> <lb></lb>verò id eſt in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> menſura, vel quae ad idem genus, vel proximè, vel remotè referatur, & vt vniuocum, vel <lb></lb>vt ad ipſum pertinens, &, vt aiunt, reductiuè: quia .ſ. </s> <s>ſit aliquid eius generis, modò primum ſit. </s> <s>Itaque <lb></lb>Deus eſt <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> reductiuè, & motus cęleſtis eſt, vt primum ad vnum, qui eſt motus. </s> <s>quare etiam ille <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> rerum menſura; hic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> menſura <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> motuum, & generatim <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> perfectum in ſuo <lb></lb>genere menſura eſt reliquorum quæ ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere continetur: vnum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, & ſimplex, vt <expan abbr="aliãs">alians</expan> oſten<lb></lb>detur, quòd in ipſo nulla priuationis, aut compoſitionis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> contineatur, vel ſimpliciter, vt in Deo, vel <lb></lb>in ſuo genere, vt in cęteris. </s> <s>& circuitus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> breuiſsimus, quia velociſsimus. </s> <s>Quod autem Phi<lb></lb>loponus opponebat in circulo <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan>, quatenus circulus: pulchrè diſſoluit Simplicius, <lb></lb>docens eam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> diſtantiam; niſi propter diametrum, quae vna tantùm maxima ſit, quam ſi ac<lb></lb>cipere velimus à citcunferentia, vna tantùm maxima non eſſet, ſed duæ diſtantię quæ forent æquales <lb></lb>in duobus ſemicirculis: ſi verò ſumeretur diſtantia ſemicirculo maior; hæc etiam maxima non eſſet, <lb></lb>quòd adhuc alia maior propemodum reperiri poſſet in infinitum.</s></p> <pb pagenum="860"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4949"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4950"></margin.target>a Philon. <lb></lb></s> <s>in 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4951"></margin.target>Arch. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>Eutor. </s> <s>in <lb></lb>lib. de ſph. <lb></lb></s> <s>& cyl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4952"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4953"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4954"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4955"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4956"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4957"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4958"></margin.target>D</s></p> <figure id="fig15"></figure> <figure id="fig16"></figure> <figure id="fig17"></figure> <figure id="fig18"></figure> <figure id="fig19"></figure> <figure id="fig20"></figure> <figure id="fig21"></figure> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm in ſemicirculo circulóue fiant contrarij motus, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4959"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4959"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam poſſunt accipi contrarij motus, vbi ſemicirculo fiant. </s> <s>Cùm verò hoc poſsit <lb></lb>contingere dupliciter, aut ſi ſemicirculus vnus ſtatuatur, aut ſi duo ſint <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> circuli; modò con<lb></lb>cludamus neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuper duobus ſemicirculis fieri motus contrarios. </s> <s>Nam finge tu fieri motus oppo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig22"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſitos ſuper duobus ſemicirculis in eadem diametro AC. conſtitutis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altero <lb></lb>ABC, altero autem ADC. & ex motibus alter incipiat ab A ad C. per B. pera<lb></lb>grans ſpatium ABC. alter autem ab A ad C. conficiens interuallum ADC. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque item ſic dicemus motus eſſe contrarios. </s> <s>Id verò duplici ratione poteſt <lb></lb>approbari; per enſtaſin, inficiando nimirùm motus illos eſſe contrarios, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ali<lb></lb>ter àc ſumpſerit aduerſarius. </s> <s>Etenim eadem eſt huius euenti <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſuperior. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam repugnantia non eſſet inter illos terminos circuli beneficio, ſed lineæ rectę <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> ſemicirculos: per antiparaſtaſin <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hoc pacto. </s> <s>Eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd <lb></lb>hi motus <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> pugnent: at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan> idcirco <expan abbr="cõuerſiones">conuerſiones</expan> futuras eſſe <expan abbr="cõtrarias">contrarias</expan>, quod <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> nuper propoſui<lb></lb>mus ad <expan abbr="diſcutiendũ">diſcutiendum</expan>. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus ille de quo <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> agimus, eſt vllo modo <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan>; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ea ſit, vbi <lb></lb><expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan> ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> peragretur: hîc verò <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="conficit̃">conficitur</expan>. </s> <s>Vtor <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> <expan abbr="nexũ">nexum</expan> con</s></p> <figure id="fig22"></figure> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4960"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="firmãdũ">firmandum</expan> definitione <expan abbr="cõuerſionis">conuerſionis</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ipſa accepta fuerit ab Ariſt. 8. Phyſ. & per ſe notiſsima ſit. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>dubitare poſsis de hac hypotheſi, <expan abbr="qñquidẽ">qnnquidem</expan> ſtatuit Ariſt. </s> <s>ſuper duob. </s> <s>ſemicirculis fieri duos motus in di<lb></lb>uerſas parteis, & hoc pacto concludi eos non eſſe contrarios. </s> <s>quid, ſi fingeremus vnum quidem ex his <lb></lb>motibus eſſe ab ortu in occaſum per <expan abbr="verticẽ">verticem</expan> noſtrum; alterum verò per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> punctum ab occaſu in or<lb></lb>tum, aut etiamſi alter eſſet ab occaſu in <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> per punctum oppoſitum; cur ergo de his nihil hoc loco di<lb></lb>citur? </s> <s>Prætereà cur tantopere laboramus in illo <expan abbr="mẽbro">membro</expan> <expan abbr="probãdo">probando</expan>, quae ſuper ſemicirculo, aut ſectione mo<lb></lb>tus contrarij non fiant, cùm dicere licuiſſet, <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi motus illi contrarij ſint; eos tamen non eſſe circuitus; <lb></lb><expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>conuerſioni alteram conuerſionem non eſſe contrariam? </s> <s>Tertiò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> opponit acerbiſsimus, <lb></lb>ſed tamen imbecillus hoſtis Ariſt. </s> <s>Philoponus. </s> <s>quoniam videtur <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> motuum, qui ſuper duo<lb></lb>bus circulis obeuntur, & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> qui fiunt ſuper recta, & diametro: nam ſunt inter <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſigna, ſicut ergo <lb></lb>motus rectus inter <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſigna opponitur recto; ſic conuerſio deberet opponi conuerſioni. </s> <s>Primùm di<lb></lb>luitur: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> conſtituere motus contrarios ab ortu in occaſum per <expan abbr="verticẽ">verticem</expan>, & contrà ab occaſu in <expan abbr="or-tũ">or<lb></lb>tum</expan> per punctum illi oppoſitum, foret <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> àc ſi fingeremus eos fieri ſuper recta: nam tum repugnantia <lb></lb>peteretur à recta: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illi item contrarïj forent, ſi fierent ſuper alio puncto oppoſito, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> <lb></lb>fierent, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fierent ſimul, aut ſuper diuerſis ſubiectis; <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> verò vim habet funditùs tollendi con<lb></lb>traria: Philoſophum verò ſeorſum tractaſſe circulum cum Simplicio credimus, vt <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> certiſsimi red<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4961"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deremur conuerſioni nihil eſſe contrarium; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> circulum, ſeu perfectus fuerit, ſiue imperfectus, tole<lb></lb>rare contrarium. </s> <s>Reſpondemus item ad dubitationem <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Philoponus opponebat, hoc modo; non <lb></lb>ſat eſſe ad efficiendam aduerſitatem in motibus, ſi fiant inter <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſigna, ſed oportere, vt ſigna illa ma<lb></lb>ximè diſiungantur; maxima verò <expan abbr="diſtãtia">diſtantia</expan> ſolùm eſt in motu recto, quia nimirùm in linea recta. </s> <s>Etiam <lb></lb>dubitari potuiſſet, ſi motus ille ſuper toto circulo fiat; poſsit'ne excogitari contrarius alteri. </s> <s>Et huic <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> dubitationi ſatisfiet, ſi accipiamus ex aduerſarij placito <expan abbr="pũctum">punctum</expan> A. & excitemus <expan abbr="circulũ">circulum</expan> ABC. <lb></lb>ſuper quo ad B partem fingamus fieri <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & ab eodem puncto A. alium motum verſus C. nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>item ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> motus contrarij futuri ſunt: id verò, quoniam maximi momenti, eſt in tota hac diſcepta<lb></lb>tione, agitur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>magnis viribus, vt hæc <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> triarios in extremo collocatos fuiſſe credas. </s> <s>ad phy<lb></lb>ſicè primùm argumento ſumpto à definitione motuum contrariorum, & conuerſionis ipſius, quo con<lb></lb>cluditur, etſi diuerſi ſunt iſti motus, nihiloſecius non eſſe contrarios. </s> <s>Contrarij verò motus illi ſunt, qui <lb></lb>à locis contrariis aguntur ad loca contraria, ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conuerſio motus eſt ab eodem in idem punctum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Demonſtrationis ſtructura facilis eſt; quam in hac methodo <expan abbr="certiſsimã">certiſsimam</expan> reputo, cùm oriatur ex princi<lb></lb>piis medio vacantibus, & iuxta canones dialecticos in definitionem quæſiti & dati reſoluatur. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>moleſtiæ & obturbationes Philoponi nos abducere queunt à propoſito, qui ita opponebat, <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4962"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi fuerit ab <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> in idem ſignum, non verè <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> fore; ſiquidem motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ab alio ſit in aliud, vt patet <lb></lb>inducendo ſingulos motus. </s> <s>Confirmatur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex etymo eius vocis <foreign lang="grc">μεταβολὴ</foreign>, quia ſit <foreign lang="grc">ἄλλο μέτ' ἄλλο</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>vnum poſt aliud, quo nomine generaliter exprimitur <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ſpecies mutationis. </s> <s>Verumeninuerò diſſolui<lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> nodus, ſi fingamus aliquam cęli <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> in certo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> puncto, vt ariete, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>moueri; pertran<lb></lb>ſibit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reliqua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> puncta, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> remearit ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan>, & eſt moueri ex alio in aliud per conuerſionem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit etiam <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> logica, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>ex principiis quidem veris, ſed <expan abbr="cõmunibus">communibus</expan> ducitur cuius ſanè <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>in methodo phyſica eſt exploratiſsimæ veritatis. </s> <s>nempè Deum & naturam nihil facere fruſtra, quod <lb></lb>ita pro cognito <expan abbr="habet̃">habetur</expan>, vt oppoſitum prorſus fieri non poſſe credatur. </s> <s>Recepto igitur hoc axiomate ſic <lb></lb>argumentemur ex hypotheſi, quae motus illi opponantur; nil <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> moror, ſi cum Auerroë dixeris hos mo<lb></lb>tus opponi mathematicè; re uera tamen in natura non dari, ac ſi in cęlo fiant è contrario, non tamen <lb></lb>eſſe contrarios, <foreign lang="grc">ἀνάπαλιν</foreign>, inquam, non <foreign lang="grc">ἐξ ἐναντίου</foreign>. </s> <s>& eſſe contrarios ſolùm <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ φαντασίαν</foreign>, quia <lb></lb>ſic eſſe videantur: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> prius illud mihi magis arridet. </s> <s>Sed venio ad rationem. </s> <s>Si conuerſio con<lb></lb>uerſioni contraria foret, natura aliquid ageret fruſtra: at nil agunt fruſtra, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Deus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> natura: <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur alteri conuerſioni conuerſio <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe contraria. </s> <s>Vt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> coniuncti veritas appareat, accipia<lb></lb>mus vel <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> corpus quod remeat per idem <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> ad <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> terminum, vel duo quæ motibus <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan> <lb></lb>agantur ſuper <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſpatio. </s> <s>Si ergo fuerit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> corpus, & viciſsim ſuper <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſpatio conuertatur; <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <pb pagenum="861"></pb>conuerſio profectò vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>termino finietur: altera igitur redundabit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ita fore conuerſio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4963"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nis definitio perſuadet: etenim ſiue mobile feratur per B, ſeu per C, ſemper hic motus eſt ab A ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>A. & aſſequitur finem ſuum. </s> <s>ecquid igitur eſt cauſſæ, cur altera illi contraria fiat ad adipiſcendum ter<lb></lb>minos eoſdem? </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> peruénit, quo voluit; habito verò fine ſolet ceſſare motus; quippe qui ſit gra<lb></lb>tia finis: <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> fruſtra eſſet hic poſterior motus. </s> <s>Prætereà, ſi duo mobilia ſtatuamus quæ contrariis mo<lb></lb>tibus agantur: cùm quicquid in orbem mouetur, <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> moueri incipiat; perme & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> loca con<lb></lb>traria, illa .ſ. </s> <s>quæ per differentias poſituræ deſcribuntur, ſuperius, inferius; ante, & pone, dextrum, & <lb></lb>ſiniſtrum: ſi contrariis motibus agitentur, neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> mobilia volui per <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> loca: quare inter <lb></lb>ſe reſiſtent. </s> <s>Cùm verò ita ſit; addamus & illud. </s> <s>Ea quæ inter ſe reſiſtunt, vel pares habent vires, vel im<lb></lb>pares. </s> <s>ac ſi pares obtineant, minimè mouebuntur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> inter ſe viciſsim impedient, quod aduerſatur <lb></lb>hypotheſi, cùm ſumpſerimus ea moueri. </s> <s>quòd ſi vires inęquales extiterint, ſemper id quod inferius eſt, <lb></lb>ſuperiori obſequetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> erit vnus motus eius quod vicit; quinimmo & ille imperfectus, quippe quae <lb></lb>non ſine impedimento. </s> <s>Quamobrem id quod victum eſt, ſuo fine fruſtrabitur. </s> <s>Planum igitur quòd il<lb></lb>li motui qui ſuper circulo fit, alius motus conſimilis contrarius eſſe non poſsit. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt cùm <lb></lb>conuerſioni <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus rectus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> is qui fit ſuper circuli ſectione, vel ſemicirculo, vel etiam toto cir<lb></lb>culo opponatur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> motus ſit conuerſioni contrarius. </s> <s>Veruntamen hoc loco nobis occur<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4964"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res inquiens, in cęlo duos eſſe motus oppoſitos, diurnum & proprium planetarum; cùm ille ſit ab ortu <lb></lb>in occaſum; hic contrà ab occaſu in ortum. </s> <s>Video te reſponſurum inficiando motus illos eſſe contra<lb></lb>rios, quia non fiant per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſpatium; quippe quae non in eadem circunferentia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſuper eodem axe, & <lb></lb>polis. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inter terminos oppoſitos, quæ <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> motus aduerſi requirunt: nam motus vniuerſi ſuper axe, <lb></lb><expan abbr="poliſq́">poliſque</expan>. </s> <s>mundi fit, vt optimè noſti; planetarum verò ſuper axe <expan abbr="poliſq́">poliſque</expan>. </s> <s>Zodiaci, ac termini motus vni<lb></lb>uerſi pendent ex ſphæra recta, planetarum verò ex obliqua: veruntamen adhuc vrgebo te oſtenſurus <lb></lb>eos eſſe contrarios: ſiquidem planetarum motus impediatur à diurno: quandò motus <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> tàm lon<lb></lb>go ſpatio temporis abſoluatur: necnon ſic agantur planetæ ab orbibus ſuperioribus, vt adducantur, & <lb></lb>abducantur à tropicis, & confecta Zodiaci latitudine reuoluantur; ſiue id verum ſit, ſeu non; nil in prę<lb></lb>ſentia curæ ſit nobis, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex motu planetarum per <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> ſignorum quæ in ſtellifero ſunt obli<lb></lb>què diſpoſita, adductiones illę & abductiones fieri videntur; ſatis ſit eos motus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> reuolutiones ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>non fuiſſe confutatas; quinimmò, vti tum ſe res habebat, approbatas, & illud prænunciatum ſe <lb></lb>ea conſtituturum, quæ non repugnent phænomenis, quę ætate ſua à Calliope & Eudoxo fuerant ob<lb></lb>ſeruata; & ſphęrarum genera diuerſa recepta reuoluentium .ſ. </s> <s>& deferentium, atque hîc termini ſunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="eidẽ">eidem</expan>, idem axis, & poli, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>circunferentiæ pars. </s> <s>Hîc etiam quies interpoſita; quippe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in regreſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4965"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſionibus vtendum ſit vno puncto vt duobus, aliter eodem <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> adduceretur & abduceretur <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> pla<lb></lb>neta: proinde à Græcis nomine <foreign lang="grc">τροπῶν</foreign>, quibus reflexio notatur, & apud Latinos ſolſtitia dicta, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>omnibus quies interpoſita continetur. </s> <s>Et ſi hoc vnus erit terminus ſecundùm, alter verò præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>aut vnius <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>corporis motus duo naturales. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="ſpẽctemus">ſpectemus</expan> ſeorſum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> inter cetum & oc<lb></lb>caſum, quanuis ſuper <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> polis non fiant; attamen aduerſitate ſeſe non expediunt. </s> <s>Non ſicut motus <lb></lb>recti qui fiunt ſuper diametro mundi, contrarij ſunt; nihilominus & ij qui fiunt in latus; naturam <expan abbr="con-tratiorũ">con<lb></lb>tratiorum</expan> participant, quatenus ad <expan abbr="diametrũ">diametrum</expan> referuntur: ſic ego dicam terminos oppoſitos eſſe ortum, <lb></lb>& occaſum <expan abbr="diurnũ">diurnum</expan>, & in ſphæra recta, quae ſi tantiſper ab iis terminis diuertantur; adhuc <expan abbr="oppoſitorũ">oppoſitorum</expan> ſpe<lb></lb>cimen extare. </s> <s>Tertiò reuocatur in dubium robur eius argumenti. </s> <s>Si conuerſio foret conuerſioni con<lb></lb>traria; vna ex his eſſet fruſtrà: nam facilè reflecti <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: imbecilla verò ſunt illa arma, quæ tam à nobis <lb></lb>ſtant, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab aduerſariò. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicam. </s> <s>Si motus rectus eſſet alteri recto <expan abbr="cõtrarius">contrarius</expan>; ergo alter ex his eſſet <lb></lb>fruſtra: rectus igitur recto contrarius eſſe nequit. </s> <s>At verò de prima illa dubitatione <gap></gap>s diſcepta<lb></lb>uit Auerroës. </s> <s>quid multa? </s> <s>eò redigitur ſermonis vniuerſi peroratio, quod anteà <expan abbr="traditũ">traditum</expan> fuerat à Sim<lb></lb>plicio; motus illos non eſſe contrarios, ſed è contrario, & <foreign lang="grc">ἀναπάλιν</foreign>, ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> rationem quæ paullò ante <lb></lb>expoſita fuit, quia .ſ. </s> <s>non fiant ſuper <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſpatio. </s> <s>Cùm verò opponitur eos motus interſe impedire; <lb></lb>monebat idem Simplicius <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> varietatem in planetis non tendere planè ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, ſed ad ſalutem, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4966"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfectionem; quippe quæ fiat à præſtantiore natura; neque eiuſmodi <expan abbr="cõmotionem">commotionem</expan> corpori cęleſti re<lb></lb>pugnare: videtur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſignificare voluiſſe in nonnullis <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> eſſe vim, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectionem propriam <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan>, alteram <expan abbr="aliũde">aliunde</expan> <expan abbr="pendentẽ">pendentem</expan>, & ſuperiorem; qualis à nobis in materia ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="priuationemq́">priuationemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ponitur, & in appetitu ad ſenſum pariter, & <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>. </s> <s>Non improbo dicta: verùm non ex toto mihi vi<lb></lb>detur dubitatio pelli. </s> <s>præſertim quae officium eſt philoſophi naturalis apparentia conſulere, & ſi cauſſa <lb></lb>quæratur <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan>, ex ſuis principiis ſatisfacere: moſtrant verò Aſtrologi etiam orbem Lunæ, qui defert <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> ſynodum & <foreign lang="grc">ἀναβιβάζοντα, & καταβιβάζοντα</foreign>, caput & caudam draconis vocant; ab ortu <lb></lb>in occaſum ſuper polis Zodiaci conuerti, <expan abbr="eandemq́">eandemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuper eiſdem polis ab occaſu in <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> volui à ſphę<lb></lb>ra Mercurij. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem; quòd à nobiliore cauſſa naſcitur effectus nobilior; at motus iſti <expan abbr="pręftant̃">pręſtantur</expan> à <lb></lb>corporibus ab intelligentia proprij motus: atqui intelligentia phyſicè mouet: non igitur ſupra <expan abbr="natu-rã">natu<lb></lb>ram</expan> corpora concitabunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò aſſeureatur non eſſe <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſpatium ſuper quo conuertitur ab occaſu <lb></lb>in ortum motu proprio, & vi ſphęrę ſuperioris ab ortu in occaſum; ſiquidem ſpatium ſuper quo ſphære <lb></lb>voluuntur; ab earum ambitu non diſtinguatur. </s> <s>Quamobrem vide obſecro, tutius'ne ſic dici valeat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnum eſſe motum <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> cęli totius, quemadmodum progreſſus eſt totius animalis motus, qui ſine in<lb></lb>terpellatione fiat ab ortu in occaſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> is, etſi Peripateticis auctoribus eſt orbis ſtelliferi, & inerran<lb></lb>tis: attamen vnus eſt in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> cęli partibus propter earum <expan abbr="continuationẽ">continuationem</expan> <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa ſit, & ex mate <pb pagenum="862"></pb>riæ neceſsitate, veluti ſuprà dictum eſt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſat eſt, ſi vnus eſt motus qui per vniuerſas parteis pertineat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4967"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> haud aliter àc in animali progreſſus, qui tametſi ex corde ducit <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan>; nihilominus cauſſa conti<lb></lb>nuationis eſt vnus totius animalis, & in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> tempore efficitur: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> continua ſe habent, vt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus ſit vnus: vnus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non, niſi in eodem tempore fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Hic motus eſt planè ſecundùm naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſiquidem ſit vniformis; vniformiter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> operari ſit vnius naturæ munus; motus difformes ab anima, <lb></lb>non à natura præſtantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc modo cęlum natura conſtare putabimus, & eius <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione tractari & 8. Phyſ. & 1. de cęlo, ac non rarò in libris primæ philoſophiæ. </s> <s>Sed miſſo motu <lb></lb>totius de quo controuerſia non eſt, quia non vniformiter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mouetur (etenim & currendo, & <expan abbr="ſaltãdo">ſaltando</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> mutare poſſum) is ſanè motus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt à natura, ſed ab anima, & à natura <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quia <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ φύσῖν</foreign>, <lb></lb>& more conſueto formæ per quam ſic <expan abbr="natũ">natum</expan> eſt aptum animal agitari, non vt ab efficiente, ſed vt ab effi<lb></lb>ciente, ab anima; <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> motus difformes ſine organis adminiſtrari non poſſe videantur, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb></lb>actus eſt anima ipſa, non natura. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> de cęlo reputabis. </s> <s>Quocirca Græci optimarum <expan abbr="artiũ">artium</expan> magiſtri <lb></lb>optimi, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> motum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> nomine <foreign lang="grc">κυκλοφορίας</foreign> dignari noluere, ſed ita dixere <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ τὴν προκίρετικὴν</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4968"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">αὐτὴν πορείαν ἔρχεσθαι</foreign>. </s> <s>Specta quæſo rurſus animal: in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motus eſt partium qui ſi natura <lb></lb>propriè dictum ſumas; is certè <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> non eſſe naturalis, ſed ex anima duntaxat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic nihil obſtat motui <lb></lb>totius, quin ſæpe adiuuat, vt iactatio <expan abbr="brachiorũ">brachiorum</expan> ad curſum: & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſic adnexæ primo illi <expan abbr="mẽbro">membro</expan> non ſint, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4969"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quin intercedat aliqua diſiunctio; manente <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> toto moueri queunt; nec earum quies obſtat motui to<lb></lb>tius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item quies totius tollit earum motum. </s> <s>Sic aſſero de motibus planetarum: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eorum or<lb></lb>bes, ſicuti partes in toto. </s> <s>Proptereà primum mobile bipertitò diſtribuitur: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimpliciter primum, <lb></lb>vnde motus aliis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> impertitur, in quo maximè virtus primi mouentis elucet; eſt & alterum quod <lb></lb>eſt adæquatè primum, <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> verò vniuerſos globos cęleſtes quo vniuerſus motus ille fundatur; <lb></lb>eſt verò <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> corpus quod ſuapte vi fertur in orbem, nec <expan abbr="idoneũ">idoneum</expan> eſt alio motu concitari vt totum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> expulſu primę illius partis <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> impetu neceſſe eſt continuæ partes agantur, cùm cętero<lb></lb>quin hoc ordine excludatur hypeccauma, licèt <expan abbr="agat̃">agatur</expan> in gyrum, quae aliter agitari ſint aptæ partes eius, nec <lb></lb>conuerſione potiantur ob cauſſas antedictas. </s> <s>Cęterùm partes animalis & ſeorſum, & in toto mouen<lb></lb>tur; ac dum mouentur in toto; idem prorſus eſt totius <expan abbr="partiumq́">partiumque</expan>. </s> <s>motus, alter toto quieſcente <expan abbr="par-tiũ">par<lb></lb>tium</expan> proprius eſt. </s> <s>Ita igitur cum planetæ proprio motu, <expan abbr="eidemq́">eidemque</expan>. </s> <s>diurno moueantur, dum diurno motu <lb></lb>voluuntur; totius motu concitantur; alter ille eorum proprius eſſe dicetur. </s> <s>Ergo quatenus in toto mo<lb></lb>uentur, ſi quis eos ab alio moueri neget, facilè defendi poterit ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, quia .ſ. </s> <s>orbis ille primus non ſit <lb></lb>ita diſiunctus ab inferioribus, quin dum ipſe cietur, eos ſecùm <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõuertat">conuertat</expan>, & quaſi pars in toto mo<lb></lb>ueat, non vt ſubiecto, quantitate, & numero ſegregatus. </s> <s>Nam velut animal à ſeipſo <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> agitari, quan<lb></lb>uis partes aliquam diſiunctionis <expan abbr="imaginẽ">imaginem</expan> præſeferant, quia motus eius toti <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, & ab alio to<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4970"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> moueri, quae aliud ſit ad numerum, <expan abbr="totaq́">totaque</expan>. </s> <s>forma diſiunctum, & quod ſeorſum moueri poſsit, ita & à <lb></lb>ſeipſo, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ab alio cęlum moueri dicemus, & planetas in illo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum eſſe motum totius & partium, <lb></lb>qui motus erunt ſeparatim <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> non totius, hi poterunt ab alio fieri, quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nil obſtabit, ſi fuerit vir<lb></lb>tus in corpore. </s> <s>ſic aſtra mouentur à deferentibus, & à reuoluentibus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> reuoluuntur. </s> <s>Ille qui totius <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> præcipuus; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & primi <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan>, <expan abbr="perfectiſsimiq́">perfectiſsimique</expan>. </s> <s>corporis, & perniciſsimus, necnon propter <expan abbr="vni-formitatẽ">vni<lb></lb>formitatem</expan> maximè naturalis, vt dictum eſt. </s> <s>reliqui ſunt ex poſteriore menſura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> (vt opinor) non na<lb></lb>turales, ſed animales, non aliter àc ſi brachium progrediendo porrigatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò tibi abſonum vide<lb></lb>ri velim nonnullos motus non eſſe <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter naturam, & ex eorum ordine qui pen<lb></lb>dent ab animo, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt ſecundùm, vel præter naturam virtutes, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed quòd idonei natura ſimus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4971"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eas ſuſcipere, conſuetudine, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vſu comparamus: ſic parteis illas dicimus ipſa natura, hoc eſt, ex nati<lb></lb>ua conſtitutione motu illo concitari ab anima; quare nec ſecundùm, nec præter naturam. </s> <s>Sed cur non <lb></lb>dicetur ille motus eſſe naturalis, ſicut etiam in toto cauſſa ſubiecti & poteſtatis, vt enim totum ſic ferri <lb></lb>natura eſt aptum, ita & pars? </s> <s>Vtar hîc ego libentiſsimè verbis Arati.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4960"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4961"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4962"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4963"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4964"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4965"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4966"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4967"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4968"></margin.target>a Cleome<lb></lb>des in Me<lb></lb>teor.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4969"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4970"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4971"></margin.target>b 2. Eth. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">- πάντα γὰρ οὔπω<lb></lb> <lb></lb> Ἐη Διὸς ἄνθρωποι γινῶσκομεν, ἀλλ' ἔτι πολλὰ <lb></lb> Κὲκρυπται τῶν αἴκε θέλει καὶ ἀυτίκα δώσει Ζεῦς -</foreign><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4972"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4972"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Sed hoc intereà ſuppetit. </s> <s>Ea quæ mouentur, aut animata eſſe, aut inanima. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> <expan abbr="inanimorũ">inanimorum</expan> quidem <lb></lb>motus eoſdem eſſe in toto & partibus <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan>, motus idem eſt aliquando totius & <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>, quandoque <lb></lb>diuerſus, & totius <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> motus eſt ſecundùm naturam, vt homini ambulatio, piſci natatio: partes <expan abbr="ali-quãdo">ali<lb></lb>quando</expan> ſecundùm, aliàs præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> cientur, dico <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> eas <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> agi poſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duo partium motus vniformium; veluti grauium & leuium, ac motus organici, vt tentiones, <lb></lb>porrectiones, tractiones. </s> <s>Quod igitur attinet ad motus <expan abbr="vniformiũ">vniformium</expan>, ſunt hi planè ſecundùm, vel præ<lb></lb>ter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quia grauia deorſum aguntur pro natura, vi tolluntur, & leuia ex natura aſcendunt, vi depri<lb></lb>muntur: atqui tractiones <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſunt, ſed ab anima. </s> <s>Tales ergo dicimus <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> motus in cęlo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tamen oppoſitos, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conſiſtunt oppoſiti, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi conſiſtunt, vnus <lb></lb>ex his eſt per ſe, alter per accidens, vt cùm moueor contra <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> nauis, ſed propter <expan abbr="diſiunctionẽ">diſiunctionem</expan> <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> <lb></lb>diuerſos, & conſiſtentes, & vt dixi, ſubcontrarios. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non veremur ea quæ Clauius obiecit: habent <lb></lb>enim <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> in iis quæ mouentur, vt continua, & vnico motu ſimpliciter & æqualiter: hęc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dum ferun<lb></lb>tur ab A. ad B. eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> non poſſunt ferri à B. ad A. Et ſi motus iſti oppoſiti perhibentur; <lb></lb>cùm inter ſe impedire, & nonnulli interpellari quiete videantur; Neque id inficiatur Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etiam <arrow.to.target n="marg4973"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fatebimur motus oppoſitos in partibus inhærere, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alter non ſit naturalis; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen contra na <pb pagenum="863"></pb><expan abbr="turã">turam</expan>, & iis <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> motus eſt organicus ad <expan abbr="ſalutẽ">ſalutem</expan>, & motus & quies in terminis oppoſitis qui tamen op<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4974"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſiti non ſunt abſolutè. </s> <s>Quandoquidem <expan abbr="triplicẽ">triplicem</expan> oppoſitionem in motu obſeruo apud Ariſtotelem: <lb></lb><expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> quæ <expan abbr="cõmuniſsima">communiſsima</expan> eſt, & peruagatur <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ſpeciem motus; eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> inter terminos à quo & ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>: <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> altera preſsior, vbi motus inter ſe impediunt, & ceſſare faciunt ſine labe & <expan abbr="detrimẽto">detrimento</expan> ſubiecti, ſicuti <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4975"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm duo luctantur: <expan abbr="tertiã">tertiam</expan> quæ eſt maximè propriè, vbi ſequitur interitus, in his eſt ſecundùm & <expan abbr="præter-naturã">præter<lb></lb>naturam</expan>, & ex his <expan abbr="agnoſcit̃">agnoſcitur</expan> repugnantia ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Hæc oppoſitio cęlo planè denegatur, & caducis ſo<lb></lb>lummodò aſsignatur; aliæ oppoſitiones <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ipſi conceduntur. </s> <s>Tertium illud oppoſitionis genus Ariſto<lb></lb>telicę demonſtrationi ſupponitur, cùm <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan>, motui cęli nihil eſſe contrarium. </s> <s>Ex ordine ſecundo <lb></lb>eſt oppoſitio inter <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> diurnum <expan abbr="planetarũ">planetarum</expan>, & <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, & inter motus qui fiunt à reuoluentibus, ſed, <lb></lb>vt dixi, oppoſitio eſt inter parteis cęli in toto cęlo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> niſi vna illa prima, quę eſt inter terminos motus, <lb></lb>quoad mouetur, hoc eſt, cùm <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> conſideratur ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, non ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quia totum <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> manet immobile; mouetur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> totum ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Motus iſti ab alio ſunt, <lb></lb>& per accidens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idcirco <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, vt motus in mixto, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim naſcuntur intrinſecùs, ſed ſunt ita <lb></lb>diſpoſiti, vt vnus ſit vnius ſphærę proprius, alij aliunde. </s> <s>Nam quod Aſtronomi repugnantiam ſtellis <lb></lb>attribuunt, has calidas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> humidas; illas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> frigidas, & ſiccas eſſe <expan abbr="docẽtes">docentes</expan>; ita dicimus ab affectu de<lb></lb>nominari quem explicant in corpora quæ cęli ambitu <expan abbr="cõprehenduntur">comprehenduntur</expan>, & tales actu eſſe inficiamur ea<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4976"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum qualitates & formas, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> oppoſitionis in virtute quæ efficit, præſertim ſiquid per accidens <lb></lb>agat (ſolus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> calor ab aſtro generatim propagatur) collocandum eſſe arbitramur, vt apparet ex iis quę <lb></lb>de ſenſilium formis, quatenus accipiuntur à medio, diſputata ſunt à philoſophis 2. de An. Hæc nos pro <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>dum adhuc demonſtratione <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan> non eſt eccentricos eſſe, & epyciclos, & dum eius ſenten<lb></lb>tia probabiliter à viris illuſtribus defenditur, nec per nos ſi fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> in re dubia pro clariſsimo præce<lb></lb>ptore propugnacula defuiſſe videantur. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de tertio, monet Simplicius non eſſe parem <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ rectà mouentur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> voluuntur; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quæ rectà mouentur, non ſolùm facta ſunt <lb></lb>à natura, vt perenni motu <expan abbr="agitent̃">agitentur</expan>, ſed etiam vt contrariis motibus moueantur & quieſcant. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan>, <lb></lb>tametſi impediuntur eorum motus, non proptereà tamen efficitur <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> ex illis eſſe fruſtra. </s> <s>At illud <lb></lb>animaduerſione <expan abbr="dignũ">dignum</expan> eſt, quo pacto quies illa ſit naturalis, cùm oriatur ex <expan abbr="impedimẽto">impedimento</expan> quod accidit <lb></lb>extra loca ſua naturalia ad quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouentur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ibi manent ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; niſi & in hoc natura <lb></lb>contendat; quandò elementa per ſe mouentur, cùm alterantur, vt accipiant nouas formas: mouentur <lb></lb>enim à generante per ſe; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> deſtruit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> pręſentem, & <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> inducit. </s> <s>quare etiam mouet ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vt in primis ſermonibus <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, & quies illa eſt imperfecta, vtpote, imperfecti elementi: <lb></lb>cùm ſi <expan abbr="priorẽ">priorem</expan> formam ſpectes, non ſit in loco naturali, nec in loco planè præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſi ſuccedentem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4977"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſpicias. </s> <s>Prætereà docuimus antè, elementa habere <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> propenſionem ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> mixti, tanquam ſint <lb></lb>eius materia, vt ad <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> perfectionem: quare quies illa in elemento, ſeu ad nouam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſiue ad <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, <lb></lb>fruſtra non eſt. </s> <s>Ab his redeo ad rationem Ariſtotelicam. </s> <s>Quis igitur eam non videat ſuper hypotheſi <lb></lb>conſtructam eſſe, & per hæc quæ longo ſermone nobis tradita ſunt, explicari? </s> <s>Sed tranſeamus ad alia <lb></lb>quæ quoniam anteà copiosè tractata eſt, paucis verbis expediri poterit. </s> <s>Nam motus ille qui debet eſſe <lb></lb>continuus, vti non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> vno puncto, vt duobus; aliter interrumperetur, ſed ſola conuerſio non vtitur in <lb></lb>repetitione bis vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſigno; motus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rectus vtitur: hic ergo continuus eſſe non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed pla<lb></lb>nè conuerſio: nam rectus habet terminos in actu; conuerſio verò potentia ſolùm: ob id non cogitur <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> puncta repetere, cùm rectus alioqui cogatur, ſi <expan abbr="ducẽdus">ducendus</expan> ſit in oppoſitum, quae ſi ob id motus rectus <lb></lb>continuus eſſe nequit: ergo ab oppoſito conuerſio, quia non repetit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſigna, poterit eſſe continua. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita conuerſioni ſoli, nec vlli alij motui contingit eſſe continuum. </s> <s>Si igitur <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> quiſpiam eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> <expan abbr="incõmodi">incommodi</expan> <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, ſi ita ponatur; planum quae conuerſio ſola continua ponenda eſt. </s> <s>At verò quan<lb></lb>uis, poſtquam motus eſt, & antequam funditùs deleatur, non repugnet huiuſcemodi <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe conti<lb></lb>nuum, nec vnquam interrumpi, quia tamen cum mundo creatus eſt, & cum ipſo finietur; etiam per<lb></lb>ſpicuum eſt vacillare <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> Ariſtotelicam, & niti ſuper lubrico fundamento, quod ſiquid natura ſo<lb></lb>leat, id continuò ponendum ſit; nam ſicut in cęteris quæ fieri poſſunt, non ſequitur è veſtigio, vt ſint, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4978"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quin potius <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> erunt; ita hîc dicendum puto; quanuis hoc naturæ non aduerſetur, & fieri poſsit, <lb></lb>non fore tamen, & tametſi id natura toleraret, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> in ea <expan abbr="ſequeret̃">ſequeretur</expan> abſurdi, quia tamen hæc à ſu<lb></lb>blimiore poteſtate deſcendunt, & id illi repugnare dicimus, & ob eam cauſsam nunquam futurum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod adſcribitur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> pòſt à natura conuerſionis <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan>, ita inuenit exitum: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contingit, dum ma<lb></lb>net <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, niſi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> ſit quod obſtet progreſſui naturæ quæ ſicut à vi <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ſuperatur, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>à vi diuina multò facilius ſuperari potuit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ea de reſolutione <expan abbr="demonſtrationũ">demonſtrationum</expan> quibus æternitas mo<lb></lb>tus ab Ariſtotele concluditur. </s> <s>Nunc alterum doceamus, quo pacto motus æternitas euehat nos ad <lb></lb>contemplationem mentium beatarum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4973"></margin.target>c 12. p. </s> <s>p.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4974"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4975"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4976"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4977"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4978"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De natura centri & loco cœli cęterorum ſententiæ recitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERGO conuerſio continua ſolùm eſt, tum per ſeipſa, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd ab æterno motore procedit, ſed <lb></lb>miſſa cauſſa quæ motum producit, de eſſentia motus agamus, ea, inquam, continua eſt; non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>motus rectus: quoniam hic obitur perpetuò ſuper <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> terminis, & ſuccedit in hoc eiuſdem termini <lb></lb>repetitio punctis <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> ſeparatis inter quæ incidit quies; conuerſioni verò ſemper occurrit nouus ali<lb></lb>quis terminus. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſiquis diligentius huiuſce euenti <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> rimetur, eam eſſe audiet, quae in linea re <pb pagenum="864"></pb>cta ſunt actu diſiuncta <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, medium, & finis; proinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> actu <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, offendet neceſſe eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4979"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> magnitudinis <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan>, vnde moueri incipiat, hinc <expan abbr="aſſequat̃">aſſequatur</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> ad magnitudines <lb></lb><expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> perueniat, & ab illius initio <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> quieuerit, in fine <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> agat <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>: at in circulo, & circuitu <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, medium, & finis non ſunt actu diſtincta, & idem eſt quod eſt principium motus, medium & <lb></lb>finis: in circulo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quodlibet punctum continet omneis has rationeis. </s> <s>Quamobrem id quod voluitur, <lb></lb>in principio ſemper eſt medio, ac fine ſui motus. </s> <s>hinc etiam efficitur, vt motus ille perpetuò fiat: nam <lb></lb>tum res mouetur, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> non eſt in ſolo principio, dicamus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nos in termino à quo; nec cùm iam per<lb></lb>uenit ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> qui eſt terminus ad quem, ſed cùm partim eſt in termino à quo, & partim in termino ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>, & cùm <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> obtinet vim <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> termini: quare cùm id quod in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, vnà ſit in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> <lb></lb>termino, & in <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> medio ſemper: nil igitur <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan>, ſi continuè moueatur, & cùm ſit in fine ſuæ mo<lb></lb>tionis, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> abſoluerit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, cùm ſit <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in principio motus, <expan abbr="nouũ">nouum</expan> ſubinde motus aggrediatur: <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſubiecto ſint <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, medium, & finis, & poteſtate <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, non actu; aſsiduè, & ſine vlla intermiſ<lb></lb>ſione moueatur. </s> <s>Punctus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> qui triplicem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> continet principij .ſ. </s> <s>medij, & finis, eſt <expan abbr="cẽtrum">centrum</expan>: <lb></lb>ideò ſemper ab illo diſcedit, & ſemper ad illud accedit, & <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> in eo moratur. </s> <s>quapropter <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> mutat ex toto, verùm <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eius partes ſeorſum, & vt <expan abbr="dr̃">dicitur</expan>, non mutat <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſecundùm formam (non <lb></lb>dico ſecundùm <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan>: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de hoc ago nunc) ſed ſecundùm materiam, quod ſanè ſic accipias, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4980"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & categorematicè <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> locum non mutet, ſed ſyncategorematicè duntaxat, <lb></lb>& tamen in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> loco manens aſsiduè voluitur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> talis eſt centri poteſtas quod eſt in toto circulo ſo<lb></lb>lùm per ſe immobile, & per lineas à circunferentia ductas extremas eius parteis <expan abbr="cõtingens">contingens</expan>; ideò <expan abbr="vergũt̃">verguntur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ad illud veluti <expan abbr="cõtinens">continens</expan>, & in illo vt in ſuo termino finiunt <expan abbr="quoſq.">quoſque</expan> motus, ſed vt ipſos in eo <expan abbr="finiũt">finiunt</expan>; <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cùm <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit principium, ab eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="eoſdẽ">eoſdem</expan> rurſus ordiuntur, & ita coniungendo <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> cum prin<lb></lb>cipio <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, vnico motu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> perpetuò æqualiter <expan abbr="agitant̃">agitantur</expan>, ſeſe <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> ipſum perpetuò <expan abbr="voluẽdo">voluendo</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hoc loco licet nobis notare <expan abbr="Simpliciũ">Simplicium</expan> qui in circulo fingebat actu ſeparata, <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, medium, & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>: <lb></lb>ac <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſſe centrum, quod actu ſeiungi oporteat à reliquis partibus, vt maneat immobile, <lb></lb>vt circum ipſum perpetuò cœlum volui poſsit. </s> <s>Omne <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod mouetur, aliquo immobili <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> inniti <lb></lb>debet: finis eſt circun ferentia quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> actu ſeparata eſt, cùm circa <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> aſsiduè voluatur: eſt medium <lb></lb>in polis, quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſunt puncta fixa immobilia quę terminant ſphęrarum motus: ob id non eſſe <expan abbr="verendũ">verendum</expan>, <lb></lb>ne moles hæc & fabrica <expan abbr="diſſoluat̃">diſſoluatur</expan>: quinimmò <expan abbr="tãtũ">tantum</expan> abeſſe <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan> <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> periculo, vt ſit maximè <lb></lb>neceſſaria: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex eo, quae <expan abbr="hĩ">him</expan> termini diſtincti ſunt, fit vt à circunferentia ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> lineę ducantur qui<lb></lb>bus vniuerſi partes <expan abbr="mirabilẽ">mirabilem</expan> in modum <expan abbr="copulent̃">copulentur</expan>, & connexæ permaneant: nam <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> principij, medij, & <lb></lb>finis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>in ſolo centro collocatur, & ex ea maxima concordia veriſimile eſt confirmari vnum eſ<lb></lb>ſe maximè hunc <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="maximeq́">maximeque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectum, vt ſicuti Deus, quòd vnus omnium maximè <expan abbr="maximèq́">maximèque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg4981"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimplex, & vnà principium, medium, & finis, vt cecinit Orphęus illo carmine.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4979"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4980"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4981"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iuppiter omnipotens eſt primus, & vltimus idem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iuppiter eſt caput, & medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>ſit omnium perfectiſsimus; ſic conuerſio pręſefe-</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>rens in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> rationem principij. </s> <s>medij, & finis, ſit item motus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> motuum perfectiſsimus: niſi veli<lb></lb>mus, Ariſt. </s> <s>motus initia veſtigaſſe tantummodo, Simplicium verò mobilis ipſius principia protuliſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>quanquam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ſatis fortaſſe tutum. </s> <s>Mitto <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nunc, quòd centrum ipſe conſtituerit, quo cœlum <lb></lb>innitatur, dum <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>; quandò cœlum in motu pendeat ab illo principio quod extra ipſum ſit, vt aliàs <lb></lb>oſtendetur. </s> <s>Ex hoc etiam loco nos monitum lectorem velimus Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de loco cœli, & ea con<lb></lb>firmata quæ de loco terræ pluribus antehac diſputauimus. </s> <s>Sed quoniam res hæc variis modis accepta <lb></lb>multas turbas conciuit; age nunc & animi noſtri <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> paucis audi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> de hac re non modò dubitan<lb></lb>dum fuit propter ea quę de loco diſputata ſunt 4. Phyſ. & à nobis peracta, quà de loco grauium diſſerui<lb></lb>mus, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> præter ea quæ 1. de Cęl. </s> <s>quà cœlum à loco <expan abbr="exẽptum">exemptum</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan> eſt; non facilè <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>tradi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> modus quo cœlum aliquo pacto ſit loci particeps, aut etiam prorſus immune. </s> <s>ſiquidem cœ<lb></lb>lum ſenſile corpus eſt; at ſenſili locus per ſe deberi videtur; pręſertim quia quod per ſe mouetur ſecun<lb></lb>dùm locum, videtur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe tendere ad locum in quo maneat ſuapte natura. </s> <s>Nam quemadmodum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4982"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>generatio eſt via ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſubſtantiæ, auctio ad quantum, ad quale alteratio; ſic mutatio loci ad ipſum <lb></lb>vbi quod reapſe non ſeparatur à loco: quocirca ſiquid per ſe <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, neceſſariò per ſe ad <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> ten<lb></lb>dit, quod in latione eſt ipſum vbi, & locus. </s> <s>Cœlum igitur, cùm corpus ſenſile ſit, & per ſe moueatur; <lb></lb>neceſſariò locum poſtulabit in <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> contendat, & in quo maneat ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Sed cùm partes <lb></lb>cœli vniuerſæ non ſe habeant conſimiliter ad locum; id proptereà de loco cœli varia pronunciantur <lb></lb>à Peripateticis. </s> <s>Quantum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpectat ad orbes inferiores, <expan abbr="vnuſquiſq.">vnuſquiſque</expan> concedit eos eſſe in loco, quatenus <lb></lb>ab alio <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ſuperiore corpore <expan abbr="continent̃">continentur</expan>, quod etiam Ariſt. </s> <s>auctoritate confirmant. </s> <s>Cęterùm ſi<lb></lb>quis philoſophi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> arbitretur vti teſtibus, afferunt <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> à loci definitione <expan abbr="ductã">ductam</expan> quæ talis erat, extre<lb></lb>ma ſuperficies corporis ambientis. </s> <s>Quæ <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> corpora cœleſtia continentur ab alio, quis ea negabit eſſe <lb></lb>in loco? </s> <s>dubium tamen eſt, quemadmodum ſphæra extrema ſit in loco. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> quidam in loco eſ<lb></lb>ſe negant, vt Alexander, Auerroë teſte, cùm ex eo commoti, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod extra cœlum vltimum nihil eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4983"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod contineat, tum ex Ariſtotelis corollario quo comprehenditur extra cœlum nihil eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>neque vacuum, & prætereà negarunt ipſum cœlum moueri, proptereà loci non indigere; cui quoque <lb></lb>ſententię ſubſcripſit Auicenna dicens cœlum non mutari ſecundùm vbi. </s> <s>Narratur etiam exiſtimaſſe <lb></lb>Themiſtium cœlum eſſe in loco ſecundùm parteis, quòd eius partes nonnullæ <expan abbr="continerent̃">continerentur</expan> ab aliis quæ <lb></lb>reuera eſſent in loco. </s> <s><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>teſte Simplicio diſſerens de vltima ſphæra, cœlum putabat eſſe in loco <pb pagenum="865"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4984"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per intimam ſuperficiem. </s> <s>Ipſe item Simplicius huc illuc incettus agitur, nunc vltimam ſphæram in <lb></lb>loco eſſe aiens, modò negans. </s> <s>Poſtremò Auerroës profeſſus eſt cœlum eſſe in loco, non quidem per ſe, <lb></lb>ſed per accidens in centro mundi, quam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiam ſi non ex toto, quadam tamen ex parte de<lb></lb>fendere conabimur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4982"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4983"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 43.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4984"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum opiniones de loco cœli confutantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ALEXANDRO reſtiterit facilè quiſpiam, eo quòd de corporibus naturalibus neceſſariò prędi<lb></lb>cantur motus & quies: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> naturalia; natura <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> principium motus eſt & quietis: hęc verò <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="ſenſiliũ">ſenſilium</expan> genere ſunt oppoſita, veluti par & impar in numero. </s> <s>cœlum <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> aut mouetur, aut quieſcit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per parteis ſolùm, verùmetiam ex toto; quandoquidem ex toto naturale eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi cœlum non <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> ex toto, quieſcit igitur. </s> <s>At motus à quiete differt, quoniam motus locum in potentia ſignificat, <lb></lb>quies <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> locum notat in actu: quieſcere <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nil eſt aliud profectò, quàm <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> occupare, ad quem moue<lb></lb>batur. </s> <s>Prætereà dicitur cœlum non habere <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan>, niſi ad vbi. </s> <s>quæro nunc, cur id non conueniat vni<lb></lb>uerſæ materiæ cœleſti, cùm ipſa ſimpliciſsima ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in ſe ipſa <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> varietatis habeat in partibus & <lb></lb>toto. </s> <s>Tertiò conuenit illi id prædicamentum, cui conuenit illud quod optimè reſpondere poſſumus in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4985"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terrogati de ipſo; veluti qualitas <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, ſi optimè <expan abbr="accõmodatur">accommodatur</expan> ad interrogationem de aliquo <expan abbr="factã">factam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed optimè <expan abbr="accõmodatur">accommodatur</expan> ad <expan abbr="interrogationẽ">interrogationem</expan> de cęlo <expan abbr="factã">factam</expan> ipſum vbi: ergo & ipſum vbi conuenit cœlo. <lb></lb></s> <s>poſſumus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de cœlo interrogare vbi ſit, & ita indicare locum in quo eſt. </s> <s>Poſtremò vnius corporis ſim<lb></lb>plicis vnus eſt locus ſecundùm naturam, cœlum cum vltima ſphæra eſt vnum corpus ſimplex: idcirco <lb></lb>cęli cum vltima ſphæra vnus eſt locus ſecundùm naturam. </s> <s>Proptereà dicebat Themiſtius cęlum eſſe <lb></lb>in loco, verùm ſecundùm partes, quia .ſ. </s> <s>parteis eius eſſent in loco. </s> <s>Contra quem Auerroës, eo quòd <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>cęlum ſupremum per ſe mouetur; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt in loco per ſe, neque ſolùm mouetur ſecundùm parteis, ve<lb></lb>rùm etiam ex toto, velut idem ipſe <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> docuit. </s> <s>Thomiſtę alio pacto parteis accepiſſe <expan abbr="vident̃">videntur</expan> per <lb></lb>quas locus cęlo tribuatur, nempe parteis continuas in qualibet ſphęra: quoniam verò partes, vbi in to<lb></lb>to continuæ perſeuerant, in loco non ſunt, ſed vt primùm à toto ſeparantur; aſſerunt eas eſſe potentia <lb></lb>in loco. </s> <s>Confirmo verò ego <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> huiuſcemodi auctorum <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſumpta à natura motus, & loci. </s> <s>quic<lb></lb>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouetur, eſt in loco in potentia. </s> <s>quatenus <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, & locum in actu quærit, ſed partes cœli ſem<lb></lb>per mouentur: ergo perpetuò ſunt in loco qui eſt poteſtate, & nunquam perueniunt ad actum. </s> <s>Mihi <lb></lb>tamen affert <expan abbr="difficultatẽ">difficultatem</expan>, quòd in corpore quod eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> perfectiſsimum, potentia ſit, quæ nunquam <lb></lb>promoueri debeat ad actum: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: quare etiam mirum in <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> naturæ eius corpo<lb></lb>ris aduerſatur in quo nihil eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quod maculet, aut deprauet eius ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Adde item, quòd ibi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4986"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vbi eſt repugnantia & materia quæ ſubiicitur; quæ ſanè <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> cùm abſint à cęlo, faciunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, vt abſit inanis illa poteſtas, & quæ fruſtra ſit. </s> <s>Præterquam quòd celebrat Ariſt. miram <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> <lb></lb>conuerſionis, quae ſemper in fine ſit: finis <expan abbr="antẽ">antem</expan> motus eſt locus. </s> <s>quare tantùm abeſt, opinor, vt cęli partes <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> poteſtate <expan abbr="occupẽt">occupent</expan>, vt idcirco perfectæ ſint, quia ſemper actu in loco exiſtant. </s> <s>Ob hęc fortaſſe The<lb></lb>miſtius referente Simplicio cogitauit <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> <expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan> eſſe in loco, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> interior illius ſuperficies <expan abbr="ambi-ret̃">ambi<lb></lb>retur</expan> ab exteriore corporis eius quod intus <expan abbr="cõprehenderet̃">comprehenderetur</expan>; veluti ab exteriore ſuperficie ſphęrę Saturni. <lb></lb></s> <s>At id, præterquam quòd fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> potuit, nec fingi quidem <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>ſiquidem eadem <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> & ad idem conti<lb></lb>nebitur idem corpus, & continebit, quod natura certè non patitur; nam per <expan abbr="intimã">intimam</expan> ſuperficiem <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſphærã">ſphæram</expan> Saturni: quapropter in loco Saturnus eſſe dicitur. </s> <s>per <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="continet̃">continetur</expan> ab illa ipſa quam <lb></lb>cęlum ſtelliferum ambiebat. </s> <s>Ad hanc <expan abbr="obiectionẽ">obiectionem</expan> reſpondebat pro Themiſtio Nolanus dicens id, quod <lb></lb>nos exiſtimamus <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>, valde eſſe naturæ conſentaneum: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> duas <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſuper<lb></lb>ficie animaduertere eſt; alteram quidem qua terminus eſt corporis quod eſt in loco, & ſic eſt in loco. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> verò qua eſt terminus corporis contigui continentis, atque ita eſt locus, quia ergo <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> variatur ob <lb></lb>quam ſuperficies eſt in loco, & eſt locus; nullum inde conſequitur abſurdum. </s> <s>Sed mihi non placet <lb></lb>iſta reſponſio. </s> <s>Primùm quia <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, cur vna ſuperficies eſt locus, repugnat naturæ loci: nam locus eſt, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4987"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continet: at vt ipſe vult, eſſet locus, quòd haberet aliquid extra. </s> <s>Prætereà eadem ratio reperiri poſſet <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> elementis; quoniam hæc inter ſe circulo <expan abbr="amplectunt̃">amplectuntur</expan>. </s> <s>ſic non minus ignis in aëre foret, quàm <lb></lb>aër in igni; nec minus in me domus, quàm ego ipſe domi. </s> <s>Reſtat igitur, vt ſi vllo pacto ſuprema ſphę<lb></lb>ra ſit in loco; ſit in centro, quemadmodum ſenſit Auerroës, & nos <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> paullò antè cum Ariſt. </s> <s>ſignifica<lb></lb>uimus. </s> <s>ſed cur, & <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> ibi ſit, ita explicauit Auerroës, vt quaſi <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan> inculcaret. </s> <s>eam verò <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <lb></lb>attulit. </s> <s>Nam quicquid mouetur, inniti neceſſariò debet aliqua refixa; <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> verò in totius ſphærę mun<lb></lb>danæ <expan abbr="cõplexu">complexu</expan> centrum eſt. </s> <s>centrum igitur eſt locus cœli, quod item ſic perſuadetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> inter loci <lb></lb>proprietates illa eſt, quae vult eſſe immobilis. </s> <s>Ibi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe cœlum dicebat ipſe per accidens, quia re uera <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan> <lb></lb>in centro non continetur; quippe quòd ad tantam molem ſit veluti punctus. </s> <s>Verùm quemadmodum <lb></lb>ſphęra ſuprema ſit in centro per accidens, vt <expan abbr="patrocinẽtur">patrocinentur</expan> Auerroi, litigant inter ſe eius viri ſectatores. <lb></lb></s> <s>etenim quod eſt per accidens <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan>, ei quod eſt per ſe. </s> <s>vnde eſſe in loco per accidens intelligi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> id <lb></lb>quod eſt in alio quod eſt in loco per ſe, & pars eſt in loco per accidens: quoniam eſt in corpore quod <lb></lb>eſt in loco per ſe; ac totum fortaſſe eſt in loco per accidens, vbi ſit beneficio partis, vt ſi dicatur Socra<lb></lb>tes eſſe in aqua; cùm habeat in ea pedes. </s> <s>exiſtimant <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> aliquo ex his modis nonnulli cœlum eſſe per <lb></lb>accidens in centro, vt in loco: puto verò, etiamſi parum explicent animi ſui ſenſum; illos accipere pri<lb></lb>mum <expan abbr="ſignificatũ">ſignificatum</expan> eius quod eſt per accidens: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> opinantur <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> non eſſe indiuiduum ſimpliciter; <pb pagenum="866"></pb>ſed ſolùm cum firmamento <expan abbr="collatũ">collatum</expan>, <expan abbr="ipſumq́">ipſumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe ſuperficiem <expan abbr="concauã">concauam</expan> quæ <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> comprehendit. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4988"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quam dubitatum eſt, quid propriè centrum velit eſſe Auerroës; quippe qui dicat aliquando terram <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe centrum, <expan abbr="concauũ">concauum</expan> aquæ interdum; aliàs terræ, ſeu mundi centrum, quæ eſt <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan> ſuperficies con<lb></lb>uexa terræ, & aquæ ſimul, ſed <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> accipit <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> pro puncto ſolùm. </s> <s>Cęterùm aliena admodum <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> ea cauſſa, quòd ſit in loco in centro in quo eſt terra, quia terra innitatur, nam veluti dici non <lb></lb>conſueuit locum terræ eſſe <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> animalis, quia dum animal ambulat, terra innitatur; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de cœlo <lb></lb>id dicendum <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan>. </s> <s>Cuius etiam rei ſignum, quia reſpirantia, terreſtria non <expan abbr="appellant̃">appellantur</expan>, ſed aërea, quæ <lb></lb>tamen ambulando terra nituntur. </s> <s>Prætereà locus eſt terminus motus; at illud, ſuper quo fit motus, po<lb></lb>tius <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> eſt pro via ad locum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> pro termino motus, & pro loco in potentia & indefinito, quàm <lb></lb>pro loco actu & definito: nam cęteroqui columna <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> eſſe in terra, vt in loco; quoniam manet inibi, <lb></lb>nec mutat locum. </s> <s>Secundò quod aiunt cęlum eſſe in loco per accidens, confutatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> motus, & <lb></lb>eius termini ſibi videntur pro portione reſpondere: quocirca ſi motus per ſe, & locus item per ſe, ſed <lb></lb>cœli motus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primus eſt, & maximè per ſe: quippe nullo modo variabilis: ergo & ipſum vbi. </s> <s>& <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> cœli motus cauſſa eſt <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> motuum; ſic eius vbi videtur eſſe debere cauſſa <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> vbi; <lb></lb>id quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi diligentius ſpectetur, mirum in <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> conſentit cum iis quę 4. Phyſ. de cęterorum <expan abbr="corpo-rũ">corpo<lb></lb>rum</expan> loco decreta ſunt. </s> <s>Adde etiam, quae cœlum, tametſi poſtulat aliquod immobile principium; non id po<lb></lb>ſtulat quo <expan abbr="nitat̃">nitatur</expan>, quemadmodum corpora grauia aut leuia, quæ niſi habeant, quo <expan abbr="innitant̃">innitantur</expan>, loco ſtare <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4989"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non poſſunt: cœlum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neque graue, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> leue eſt, ſed hoc infrà. </s> <s>Quapropter Iandunus exponebat per <lb></lb>accidens, ideſt, non iuxta modum conſuetum aliis corporibus. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò iſte vir explicauit, qua<lb></lb>lis non eſſet cœli locus, non autem quis ille ſit: atqui cognitio per priuationem imperfecta eſt: idcirco <lb></lb>etiam poſitiua deſideratur, quàm ſanè quia non tradidit, cum hac ſua opinione reliquendus eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4985"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4986"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4987"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4988"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4989"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nostra ſententia conſtituitur de loco cœli. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NOS verò olim quid de medio, ac loco terræ ſentiendum foret, pluribus oſtendimus, quibus hîc <lb></lb>vtendum, atque ad alia properandum. </s> <s>Cùm verò lis inter philoſophos è verbis ipſiuſmet Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>naſcatur; ob id hinc ducatur ex ordium noſtri decreti. </s> <s>Indagaturus igitur Ariſt. </s> <s>eſſentiam loci quæ per <lb></lb><expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> explicatur, inter alias conditiones & attributa quæ inſunt in loco, illud afferebat, locum eſ<lb></lb>ſe immobilem quamobrem addebat etiam, vbi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> moueatur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="continẽtis">continentis</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>nauis ſecundùm curſum <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan>, in loco non eſſe, ſed potius in vaſe: ac ſiquis eius <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> aſsignare velit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="accepturũ">accepturum</expan> potius vniuerſum flumen: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hoc manet immobile, quia non mutat locum. </s> <s>Vnde colli<lb></lb>go nunc manente toto parteis moueri poſſe. </s> <s>Quoniam verò totum manet in partibus; ideò ſi omnes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4990"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>agitentur; etiam neceſſarium <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> totum moueri: ne hęreas in hac re, noſce <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſumi aut ſecundùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, aut ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & certè ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> manet in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ſuis partibus, & cum ipſis mo<lb></lb>uetur; ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> verò <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> non <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, ſed manet immobile, & de hoc modo totius loqui dici<lb></lb>mus Ariſt. </s> <s>in ea particula; de altero illo Auerroëm; ſiquando totum moueri conceſſerit. </s> <s>Ex eo item, <lb></lb>quòd eſt immobilis; cùm duo termini ſint in mundo motus expertes quibus vniuerſa corpora natura<lb></lb>lia continentur; etiam duo loca poſita ſunt in mundo ſuprà & infrà, ita vt, quemadmodum in circulo <lb></lb><expan abbr="cẽtrũ">centrum</expan> & <expan abbr="circunferẽtia">circunferentia</expan> totius circuli <expan abbr="areã">aream</expan> <expan abbr="cõplectunt̃">complectuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> ſpatij fines exiſtunt; ſic <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> & <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> to<lb></lb>tius huiuſce molis termini ſunt qui <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſuo ſinu <expan abbr="complexuq́">complexuque</expan>. </s> <s>recipiant. </s> <s>ex quo efficitur, vt locus videa<lb></lb>tur, veluti vas amplectens corpora quę ſunt in loco. </s> <s>Quapropter accidit, vt ſi quod ſit corpus, quod ab <lb></lb>alio nullo contineatur, illud in loco non ſit, vt ſi aqua in extremo mundo eſſe fingatur, <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> non occu<lb></lb>pabit, & idcirco non mouebitur. </s> <s>quòd ſi motus vllo pacto ipſi adſcribatur, erit eiuſmodi; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> par<lb></lb>tes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eius <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, & quemadmodum ipſę mouentur, ita <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in loco ſunt. </s> <s>Quia verò corpora illa ſunt <lb></lb>in loco quæ habent extra ſe alia corpora; ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> erunt in loco partes quæ <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan> in illo toto, quia <lb></lb>inter ſeſe in orbem amplectuntur. </s> <s>Hîc eſt quò animaduertamus primo loco ſuprà & infrà in mundo <lb></lb>fuiſſe accepta ad indicandas duas loci proprietates, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> manent immobilia, & vnà continent, quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4991"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locus immobilis ſit, & prætereà continear, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quòd ibi ſtatuatur, quid ſuprà, aut infrà ſimpliciter <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="ponendũ">ponendum</expan>, neque <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ratio tradatur propter quam loca ſtatuenda ſint, ſed à <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> hominum ſenſu lo<lb></lb>ci attributa ſumuntur iuxta <expan abbr="vulgatã">vulgatam</expan> loci ſignificationem. </s> <s>Deinde exemplum illud ab aqua acceptum <lb></lb>eget <expan abbr="cõſiderationis">conſiderationis</expan>: latet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ'nam ſint illę partes quæ in orbem ſeſe viciſsim amplectantur; quapro<lb></lb>pter in loco ſint, & ideò moueantur. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dupliciter intelligi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vel quòd in eadem circunferentia <lb></lb>collocatæ ſint, & inter ſe <expan abbr="cõtinuæ">continuæ</expan>, vel quae inter ſe amplectantur per aquæ totius altitudinem. </s> <s>Etenim ſi <lb></lb>in eadem circunferentia partes inter ſe continuè ſumantur; non eſt facilè explicatu, quo pacto inter ſe <lb></lb>contineant, vt diſtinctas <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe oportet eas inter ſe; vnico tamen motu <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> agitantur, quae ſi accipiatur al<lb></lb>titudo totius, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> ergo exterior aquæ pars erit in loco? </s> <s>quòd ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt in loco, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item poterit aliquo <lb></lb>motu affici, & tamen accipimus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> moueri. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles certè in illius explicatione cuius gratia <expan abbr="exem-plũ">exem<lb></lb>plum</expan> allatum eſt, nempè num cęlum occupet <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, innuere videtur <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> partes moueri: quapropter pro<lb></lb>babile eſt omnes eſſe in loco. </s> <s>Sed quemadmodum id eueniat, explicare hoc opus eſt: vrget <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nos illa <lb></lb>difficultas quæ paullò antè hæc verba poſita fuerat ab Ariſtotele; proptereaquòd in continuo partium <lb></lb>locus eſt potentia duntaxat: vult <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> id quod in loco per ſe futurum eſt: partes <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> vnius <lb></lb>ſphærę, quia continuæ, non videntur eſſe in loco; quamobrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> moueri, quod tamen & ſenſui, & <lb></lb>auctoritati reclamat. </s> <s>Ob hæc igitur ſic <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan> puto, parteis <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> eſſe in loco <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, & omneis <pb pagenum="867"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4992"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> contineri, ac de iis quæ ſecundùm <expan abbr="altitudinẽ">altitudinem</expan> diſpoſitę ſunt, & inter ſe diſtinctæ, cuiuſmo<lb></lb>di ſunt ſingulæ ſpherę ſeorſum, nulla eſt diſputatio. </s> <s>Atqui aio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> idem euenire in partcis eiuſdem <lb></lb>orbis, cum in altitudine, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in ambitu conſtitutis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in altitudine ſit, vt partes ſeparatæ ſint pro<lb></lb>pter <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> motus: etenim quæ <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> propinquiores, in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſphęra tardiores eſſe oportet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus in ambitu tardiores illę ſunt, quæ magis accedunt ad polos. </s> <s>Ipſe item Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſtatuebat termi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4993"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nos eius motus linea ducta inter certa puncta quæ in circunferentia deſignarentur, & quanquam huiuſ<lb></lb>modi partes materiæ beneficio coniunctæ, & continuæ ſunt, ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> tamen & officia diſiun<lb></lb>guntur, non ſanè, quia ſint alterius formæ, ſed quae habeant <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> diuerſam, quia .ſ. </s> <s>non eodem gradu ve<lb></lb>locitatis agitentur, nec <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſeparantur; verùm neque ſola deſignatione ſeiunguntur: <lb></lb>quandò in ea <expan abbr="cõtinuitate">continuitate</expan> ſi non eſt primum propter <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>; eſt nihilominus propter virtutem, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt dextra cęli oriens & <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> arietis. </s> <s>Quòd igitur natura differunt & obtinent <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> illam notionem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4994"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diſiunctionis quæ <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan> iis quorum vnus eſt motus, & prætereà poſituræ varietatem; quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>partes in loco ſunt inter ſeſe circunſcribentes inferioribus <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in orbem contentis à ſuperioribus & <lb></lb>antecedentibus ac conſequentibus inter ſe <expan abbr="cõplexis">complexis</expan>, ſiue ſecundùm <expan abbr="altitudinẽ">altitudinem</expan>, ſeu latitudinem diſpo<lb></lb>nantur: inde exoritur admirabilis illa concordia, propter quam euenit, vt <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> quodammodo in actu <lb></lb>ſint, & conſimili etiam <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> obtineant <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuò moueantur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alio motu, quàm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4995"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in gyrum, & vnà ſint in loco, non <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſimpliciter, velut aër in igni, ſed alio quodam nouo modo, nec <lb></lb>iis conſueto quæ rectà mouentur, neque tamen per accidens: nam ſicuti per ſe mouentur; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="debẽt">debent</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe in loco per ſe. </s> <s>Quoniam verò locus immobilis eſt, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>extra id quod mouetur; vniuerſa <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>circunferentia mouetur; manet <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> extra <expan abbr="circunferentiã">circunferentiam</expan> quod eſt principium, medium, & finis, ſeu <lb></lb>ſphęricę magnitudinis, ſeu <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> motus; inde eſt, vt <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> locus ſine centro deſignari non poſsit, à cuius <lb></lb>vi illud obtinent, vt circum ipſum perpetuò moueantur. </s> <s>Ideò locus partium ſingularum proprius de<lb></lb>ſcribetur lineis ductis à centro ad terminos ipſarum, ac ſi rei natura conſulenda ſit; initium terminatio<lb></lb>nis ab ariete, vt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> primò ſumetur. </s> <s>inde <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principium fieri docebimus vniuerſæ conuer<lb></lb>ſionis. </s> <s>Et quanuis à nobis deſcribatur hic locus per lineas, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> credi poſsit <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> circunſcribere corpora <lb></lb>quæ ſunt in loco; ſcire licèt illas à nobis excogitatas fuiſſe non ſecundùm terminos corporis qui nulli <lb></lb>ſunt in continuo, ſed potius ſecundùm <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan>, & participationem motus. </s> <s>Quocirca locus ille reipſa <lb></lb>indiuiduus eſt: diuiditur autem beneficio motus. </s> <s>Proinde Simplicius loca <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> cœli ſeſe penetrare <lb></lb>dicebat reſpiciens, opinor, illam terminationem quæ ab ingenio motus potius, quàm à natura corpo<lb></lb>ris ipſius deducta eſt. </s> <s>Quia etiam ſphęrę inferiores in orbem mouentur: omne autem id quod ita <lb></lb>mouetur, centrum reſpicit, vt terminum ſui motus, conſtituemus item locum earundem, non à conti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4996"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nentibus ſphæris, niſi ſecundùm vulgatam loci ſignificationem, ſed à centro. </s> <s>Quare mouetur quidem <lb></lb>cœlum vniuerſum, quia voluuntur omnes eius partes, & vt dicitur, ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Totum <lb></lb>ipſum quod dicitur ſecundùm formam, non mutat locum, ſed ſi quo pacto mutationi ſubiicitur; ea <lb></lb>certè eſt ſecundùm poſituram ſolùm, quæ quidem mutatio per ſe non eſt, ſed per accidens, & ex alte<lb></lb>rius motu: ſequitur enim motum partium cœli, ſeu totius ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Sed enim quemad<lb></lb>modum cœlum totum ſecundùm materiam mouetur, ſecundùm formam verò manet; ita ſecundùm <lb></lb>matetiam eſt in loco; ſecundùm formam verò totum non eſt in loco, neque in eo qui continet, cùm <lb></lb>extra ipſum nihil omnino ſit, neque in eo qui terminus eſt motus; quippe quòd à nullo quoque mo<lb></lb>tum eius terminari oportet, neque enim mouetur. </s> <s>Talem verò mentem Ariſtotelis fuiſſe declarant <lb></lb>eius verba 4. Phyſ. quæ cùm antehac allata fuerint, ne tempus in eorum repetitione fruſtrà collocetur, <lb></lb>ad alia veniamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4990"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4991"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4992"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4993"></margin.target>a 6. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4994"></margin.target>b 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4995"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4996"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aliorum ſententiæ conciliantur, & oppoſita de loco cœli diſſoluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SEQVITVR ergo, vt approbanda ſit Alexandri ſententia negantis vltimæ ſphærę motum, & lo<lb></lb>cum: intelligebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totum ſecundùm formam. </s> <s>Et quanquam in ipſum inuecti ſumus; ea tamen <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4997"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ obiecimus, ex principiis anteà conſtitutis exitum inuenire poſſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm primùm oppone<lb></lb>batur, corpora naturalia in ſe ipſis habere principia motus & quietis; fateor planè, ſi accipiamus <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>& quietem, vel ſimpliciter, vel in partibus; cœlum verò ita naturale corpus eſt, quia principia motus, <lb></lb>& quietis habet ſecundùm partes. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Fortè dices motum & quietem in rebus naturalibus medio vaca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4998"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re quemadmodum par & impar in numero. </s> <s>At memin erimus inter motum & quietem eſſe medium <lb></lb>quoddam quod eſt immobilitas, & <foreign lang="grc">στάσις</foreign>, quæ comprehendit quidem generatim ſumptam quie<lb></lb>tem; ſpeciatim verò ſeparatur ab illa: cùm quies referatur ad motum, & eius certa priuatio fit; al<lb></lb>tera etiam eorum ſit quæ motui non ſubiiciuntur: hæc verò adhuc triplicia ſunt, vel quòd omne <lb></lb>genus materiæ repellant, vt Deus: vel quia mente tantùm ab ea ſecernantur, vt mathematica, vel quia <lb></lb>cùm ſit in materia, tamen non mutant locum, vt centrum poli & axis. </s> <s>Quæ ſunt expertia materię, hæc <lb></lb>ſanè ſunt non naturalia: at cætera quæ ſunt in materia, quanquàm non mouentur; nil obſtat tamen, <lb></lb>quominus ſint naturalia, tametſi locus illis per ſe non debetur, ſicuti neque motus. </s> <s>Ideò ſiquis argu<lb></lb>menti formam diſcutiat, id inficiabitur motum & quietem ſe habere veluti par & impar in numero; <lb></lb>ſed ita ſe potius habebunt motus & immobilitas; ac ſiquis vlterius petat, an'ne principium quoque <lb></lb>ſit eadem natura eius immobilitatis quæ pertinet per res naturales quæ ſunt omnino immobiles, & an <lb></lb>id quoque per definitionem naturæ ſignificatum; dicam & eius etiam naturam eſſe principium, ſed <pb pagenum="868"></pb>remotum: idcirco ab eius definitione reiectum; quippe quæ tradita ſit per illa quæ ab ipſa primò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg4999"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pendeant, & per ſe. </s> <s>Sic cœlum, quatenus ſecundùm formam, <expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> immobilitas erit res naturalis; <lb></lb>quoniam proficiſcitur à natura: nihilominus ei non neceſſe eſt motus, locusúe conueniant, ſed tamen <lb></lb>motus cœli qui illi per parteis attribuitur, intelligo verò eas quæ continuæ ſunt in ſingulis orbibus, & <lb></lb>quoad vnico motu cientur ab ortu in occaſum, nam reliquarum motus animales anteà conſtituimus; <lb></lb>eſt naturalis ſimpliciter, & huius natura primo, & per ſe principium eſt, à qua etiam pendet alia quies <lb></lb>vera quæ tali motui reſpondet; vnde etiam in cęlo ſecundùm materiam ſumpto motus & quies ita ſe <lb></lb>habent, veluti par & impar in numero: quamobrem & motus per ſe, & locus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> per ſe conuenit cœlo <lb></lb>hunc in modum accepto. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc pro Alexandro; quanuis & ipſe ſibi viam muniuerit ad hanc diffi<lb></lb>cultatem pellendam; quippe qui <foreign lang="grc">στάσιν</foreign> oppoſitam motui, comprehendi voluerit in definitione natu<lb></lb>ræ, quæ omnia complectitur exceptis iis quæ quoquomodo ſunt abſtracta à materia. </s> <s>Quanquàm <lb></lb>non erat, vt de his plura dicerentur, cùm ſuperioribus libris abundè peracta fuiſſent. </s> <s>Cùm verò obii<lb></lb>ciebat ſecundo loco potentiam ad vbi eſſe in toto non minus, quàm in partibus; id verò negamus: <lb></lb>etenim ſolùm ineſt ea poteſtas in partibus, & per parteis in toto, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecundùm omne ſignificatum; <lb></lb>verùm ſi ſumatur ſecundùm materiam: at motus negatur toti ſecundùm formam, & proinde locus. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ad confirmationem dico ipſum ita acceptum eſſe vniforme, quòd ſi accipiatur ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe difforme; ſi non propter ſubſtantiam & materiam, tamen propter figuram cuius merito partes va<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5000"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riis motibus agitantur. </s> <s>Vbi etiam oſtenditur cœlo poſſe tribui categoriam ipſius vbi; concedimus qui<lb></lb>dem impropriè, & vt dici conſueuit, ex figura locutionis potius, quàm ex rei natura, vt etiam dicimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deum, licet ſit extra omne prædicamentum, eſſe ſubſtantiam; ſic etiam dicimus Ariſtotelem cœlo lo<lb></lb>cum impropriè reddidiſſe, quia ſit in aliqua parte ſpatij quod complet vniuerſum, aut fatebimur ſpe<lb></lb>ctari cœlum <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> parteis, & totum <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, cui & motus & locus optimo iure <expan abbr="tribuunt̃">tribuuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſſumus item hac eadem via tueri ſententiam Themiſtij, & diui Thomæ dicentium cęlum eſſe in lo<lb></lb>co per parteis, quia ſcilicet, earum locus terminetur centro mundi. </s> <s>Neque valebunt rationes Auerrois <lb></lb>contra Themiſtium, quia cęlum eſt in loco totum ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>; non autem ſecundùm formam; <lb></lb>quod certè nil aliud eſt, quàm eſſe in loco per parteis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo cùm inuehimur in <expan abbr="Thomã">Thomam</expan>, <lb></lb>quia videbitur in cœlo poteſtas eſſe quę nunquam perduci poſsit ad actum, quod eſt præter naturam: <lb></lb>ſumitur falſum; quinimmo ſemper illa poteſtas cum actu coniuncta eſt. </s> <s>idcirco ſemper in fine: quam<lb></lb>obrem, quia ſemper in fine, & initio loci <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. </s> <s>verſatur; cœlum perpetuò circum medium abſque <lb></lb>vllo infinitatis periculo mouetur. </s> <s>Auerroës item laudandus qui vltimam ſphæram in centro collo<lb></lb>carit; ſi accipiat centrum eſſe terminum motus partium eius. </s> <s>quod eſt alterum loci ſignificatum de <lb></lb>quo dictum eſt. </s> <s>aliàs, & ob id quia cœlum aliter eſt in loco, quàm cętera eſſe ſoleant, ſic id per acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5001"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dens eſſe dicatur: nanque alia tota ſunt in loco per ſe, cùm habeant aliquod corpus extra ſe: cœlum <lb></lb>verò, quia nihil extra ſe habeat, nouo quodam modo in centro collocatur. </s> <s>Prætereà quia mouetur <lb></lb>per parteis ſolùm; manet autem totum; in loco per accidens eſſe dicitur. </s> <s>Neque illa profectò quæ <lb></lb>in eius ſententiam allata ſunt, ſi in hunc ſenſum accipiantur, habent pondus. </s> <s>quandoquidem ea cauſ<lb></lb>ſa fortaſſe non eſt, quam aiunt quidam, aut non proxima ſaltem. </s> <s>quia ſcilicet aliquo immobili inni<lb></lb>tatur, ſed hæc potius quam tetigit item philoſophus, quia ſcilicet ad centrum moueatur, tanquam <lb></lb>ſit terminus à quo, & ad quem conuerſionis ipſius. </s> <s>Prætereà cùm obiicitur locum eſſe terminum <lb></lb>motus: at id ſuper quo mouetur, eſt ſpatium, optimè etiam congruit cum ſententia noſtra: nam ſpa<lb></lb>tium non differt à loco, niſi quòd locus eſt actu id quod ſpatium eſt in potentia: ex quo etiam ſequi<lb></lb>tur, vt cùm cœlum ſit ita in loco, ſicuti ſuper ſpatio, ſemper ſit in loco potentia: quamobrem aſsiduè <lb></lb>voluatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Similiq́">Similique</expan>. </s> <s>modo dicendum ad id quod opponunt cœlum eſſe in loco per accidens: nam de <lb></lb>toto ſecundùm formam conceditur, de toto verò ſecundùm materiam & partibus eius, negatur. </s> <s>ſunt <lb></lb>enim hæc in loco per ſe, vt dictum eſt, & per ſe mouentur. </s> <s>Obiiciuntur & alia complura iis qui cœli <lb></lb>parteis in centro collocant, vt in loco, ſed quia tantùm accipiunt illam definitionem loci communem <lb></lb>quæ tradita eſt 4. Phyſ. nos autem ſumimus locum, tanquam terminum motus, & ſub notione <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5002"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>minus communi, neque adeò vulgata, per ſe ipſam falſitas eorum deprehenditur. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>omittamus <lb></lb>iſtos. </s> <s>Ex his prætereà quæ conſtituta ſunt, dirimere licebit controuerſiam quæ inter Alexandrum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="Simpliciumq́">Simpliciumque</expan>. </s> <s>exorta eſt, qui cùm ancipites eſſent de modo quo fit accipienda magnitudo ſecundùm <lb></lb>quam fit motus in cœlo, quia primùm non videbatur eſſe accipiendum illud ſpatium tanquam à cœ<lb></lb>leſti corpore ſegregatum, eo quòd nullum ſit præter illud quod à corpore ipſo occupatur; quandò <lb></lb>extra nihil eſt. </s> <s>neque illud quod ab eius corpore obſidetur: nam ſic locus eſſet diſtantia. </s> <s>Sic euer<lb></lb>tere difficultatem ſtudebat Alexander inquiens, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> illud ſpatium propriè notari quod eſt in contactu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5003"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duarum ſphærarum: nanque Ariſtoteles accipiebat eo in loco diſtantiam hanc æqualem corpori mo<lb></lb>bili: at nullo modo æqualitas inter hæc eſſe poteſt, niſi ita fingamus. </s> <s>Ex altera parte vrgebat Ale<lb></lb>xandrum Simplicius è verbis contextus. </s> <s>Etenim dicit Ariſtotelem non illud teſtari ſolùm, ſuperfi<lb></lb>ciem vnius ſphærę conuexam ſuperficiei <expan abbr="cõcauæ">concauæ</expan> alterius æqualem eſſe, ſed cœlum toti illi ſpatio fo<lb></lb>re æquale. </s> <s>Prætereà non meminerat hactenus Ariſtoteles de figura cœli, <expan abbr="nobiſq́ue">nobiſque</expan> adhuc ignotum <lb></lb>erat, an'ne cœlum eiuſmodi figuram obtineret. </s> <s>Poſtremò mentionem ibi facit Ariſtoteles ſigillatim <lb></lb>de eo quod ipſe poſuit æquale corpori cęleſti. </s> <s>hoc verò inquit eſſe diſtantiam. </s> <s>Putat igitur Simpli<lb></lb>cius illud accipi ab Ariſtotele quod ſit cœlo toti æquale, & vacuum remaneret, ſi inde cœlum diuel<lb></lb>leretur. </s> <s>At diceret quiſpiam contra Simplicium; quid prohibebit quo minus locus ſit diſtantia <pb pagenum="869"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5004"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>contra quam acerrimè diſputatum eſt 4. Phyſ.? ob eam igitur cauſſam ita dicerem, ſi accipiatur ali<lb></lb>quod corpus infinitum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>vniformæ, etiam locum neceſſariò fore infinitum. </s> <s>quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> extra infini<lb></lb>tum, quod aliquo modo terminet corpus ipſum, excogitari poteſt? </s> <s>ſi ita ſit, addimus ita cęlum ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele potuiſſe ſumi ſic ex hypotheſi quæ talis eſſet. </s> <s>cęlum eſſe infinitum, conſequetur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> locum eſſe <lb></lb>diſtantiam. </s> <s>Sed tamen ſi vniuerſum difforme ſtatuatur, aut nihil intuens extra ſe, ſic deſcribetur à no<lb></lb>bis ille locus quem ibi ponit Ariſtoteles, animo, & cogitatione complexis ſingulis partium <expan abbr="ſingularũ">ſingularum</expan> <lb></lb>ſpatiis in intima partis <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſuperficie linea deſignata, & ab eius extremo ductis ad centrum lineis <lb></lb>partis deſcriptæ locus concludetur. </s> <s>Ita fiet vt ęqualitas loci ſeruetur in cęlo: nam ſic alio terminatur, <lb></lb>cùm quantum eſt de parte exteriore, aut per ſe terminetur, aut vno Deo O. M. ac ſi in eam partem ac<lb></lb>cipere libeat Ariſtotelicam rationem, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qua de infinito, licebit etiam facilè defendere illam hypothe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5005"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſin Ariſtotelis cum iis conſentientur quæ ſuprà de loco cęli conſtituta ſunt: nam planum cæteroquin <lb></lb>eſt vniuerſum eſſe difforme. </s> <s>Et hæc hactenus de loco cęli paucis peracta ſint.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4997"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4998"></margin.target>c 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4999"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5000"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5001"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5002"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5003"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5004"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5005"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 92.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggredimur docendum, vt conuerſio menſura ſit aliorum motuum, & initia temporis <lb></lb>explorantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5006"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5006"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ITAQVE ſi conuerſio motus quidam æternus eſt, ipſam quoque priorem reliquis eſſe oportet: <lb></lb>ſimplicior <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt perfectior, & quoniam perfectior, modis omnib. prior, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus caduci. </s> <s>Cæterùm <lb></lb>quod primum eſt in vno <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere id item aliorum ſolet eſſe menſura: nunc etiam contrà eue<lb></lb>nit, vt quoniam conuerſio, nempe motus cęli diurnus eſt aliorum menſura; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> primus habea<lb></lb>tur: cuncta <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rerum tempora metimur horis, diebus, ac menſibus quorum viciſsitudines à motu diur<lb></lb>no proficiſcuntur: ita vt ex ſigno intelligamus id quod in <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> genere primum eſt, quod tamen <lb></lb>à priori valeret, quia primum eſt, idcirco menſura. </s> <s>Rurſus id quod æquabile eſt natura prius eſſe ſo<lb></lb>let, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illi oppoſitum inæquabile: æquabilem verò motum bifariam dicimus, vel propter ſpatium ſu<lb></lb>per quo mouetur, ſi fuerit vniforme, vt paris <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> ratitatis, vel ex modo quo producitur à mouens, <lb></lb>ſi eundem virium tenorem conſeruet contrà inæquabile huius cauſſa vel in mouente ipſo poſita eſt, <lb></lb>vel in vicinia & diſtantia mobilis à loco in quo antea quieſcebat: nam ſi fuerint termini motus intrin<lb></lb>ſeci, hoc eſt, vt forma per motum accedat eidem ſubiecto quod mouetur, & vt eius mobilis actus ille <lb></lb>imperfectus quem motum vocamus, in vltimo ſui eſſe tranſeat totus in actum perfectum, quæ eſt ip<lb></lb>ſa forma, non ſeruatur æqualitas ob id, quae magis aut minus obtinetur de termino à quo, proptereà mo<lb></lb>tus recti ſiue natura, ſeu ui fiant, cùm terminos ſuos intra ſe contineant, æquabiles non habentur, ſiqui<arrow.to.target n="marg5007"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem naturalis ab initio ſegnior eſt: ille quem vis efficit, velocior. </s> <s>contrà conuerſio, cùm terminos ha<lb></lb>beat extra ſe ſemper in eadem diſtantia permanet, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam eundem progreſſum ſemper ob<lb></lb>ſeruat, nec vnquam velocior, aut tardior eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſolum ratio nob. </s> <s>ita eſſe dictat, cui maximè <expan abbr="fidendũ">fidendum</expan> <lb></lb>foret, ſi mens auditoris perciperet propoſitiones; & ita crederet, vt dignæ ſunt, verùm quia temporis <lb></lb>egent, & experientię, vt talis reddatur animus auditoris, qui per ſe credibilia dignoſcat à cæteris, <expan abbr="ſeq́">ſeque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>facilius perſuaderi patitur à probabilib. accidit etiam auctoritas antiquorum qui de motu verba fece<lb></lb>runt, nam deſcripturi principia motus, ea planè indagarunt quæ lationem efficerent: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliud <expan abbr="erãt">erant</expan> <lb></lb>congregratio & ſegregatio: cùm hos ſolos motus principiis aſsignent; reliquos autem iis quę ſunt ex <lb></lb>ipſis, planum, quòd etiam reputant eos eſſe primos motus. </s> <s>Adde huc quae per congregationem, & ſegre<lb></lb>gationem ortum, & interitum fieri volunt: ex quo ſequitur, vt illæ ſint ortu & interitu priores, mul<lb></lb>tò magis etiam cæteris motib. quandò ortus, & interitus cum pertineant ad ſubſtantiam, illis quoque <lb></lb>priores ſunt. </s> <s>Poſſumus hîc nos percenſere ſingulorum propemodum opiniones Anaxagoræ, Demo<lb></lb>criti, Anaximenis, Anaximandri, qui item <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> aſſeuerabat eſſe caput omnium motuum, veluti Pla<lb></lb>to, qui animam poſuit <foreign lang="grc">αὺτοκίνητον</foreign>, omnes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſam lationis vnius cauſſam eſſe arbitrati ſunt. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>illos aliqua ex parte imitati primam omnium lationem facimus, tùm quia demum inter mouentia na<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5008"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turalia veniendum eſt ad vnum primum, quod ſeipſum moueat, & è duabus partib. conſtet, altera qui<lb></lb>dem mouente, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera, quæ mouetur. </s> <s>hoc verò animal eſt, id autem ſeipſum mouet primò de loco; <lb></lb>tùm etiam quòd certo tenemus lationem, ſi conuenit primo mobili, ipſam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fore primam: attri<lb></lb>buta <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maximè ſolent illorum naturas imitari quibus inſunt. </s> <s>Verùm enimuero ab eo, quòd conuer<lb></lb>ſio menſura eſt cęterorum motuum, ſumitur ratio temporis, ideò, vt id à nob. </s> <s>accuratius explicetur, <lb></lb>de tempore nunc non incongruè pauca quædam diſſeremus. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ipſum aliquid motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alie<lb></lb>num ab his quæ cum ſuprà conſtituta ſunt, tum etiam infra tractabuntur. </s> <s>præſertim ob ea quæ de ipſo <lb></lb>cæteri Peripateticis exceptis profeſsi ſunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex iis nonnulli tempus aiebant eſſe conuerſionem, in <lb></lb>quib. Plato numeratur. </s> <s>verba recitat Simplicius. </s> <s>Ab hoc non diuersè <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> Eratoſthenes inquiens, <lb></lb>tempus eſſe iter Solis: eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> circuitus auctor potiſsimum temporis apparet. </s> <s>quòd ab eius itinere dies <lb></lb>& nox, quæ ſunt notiſsimę <expan abbr="præcipuæq́">præcipuæque</expan>. </s> <s>temporis partes diſcernuntur. </s> <s>vt etiam horum auctoritate <expan abbr="cõ-uerſio">con<lb></lb>uerſio</expan>, quam primum motum eſſe volumus; quia ſit aliorum menſura, primus motus habenda ſit: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>iidem qui fateantur hoc etiam eſſe tempus, quod item eſt menſura, facilè conceſſuri videantur conuer<lb></lb>ſionem eſſe menſuram, & daturi eam fore motum primum. </s> <s>Alij verò crediderunt tempus eſſe orbes <lb></lb>ipſos cæleſtes, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>opinionis afferebant rationem admodùm futilem & fallacem. </s> <s>quippe quòd om<lb></lb>nia contineret tempus, eos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> orbes omnia continere. </s> <s>tribuitur verò Pythagoræis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quidã">Quidam</expan> etiam tem<lb></lb>pus <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> eſſe motum ſtatuerunt. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="Pythagoræorũ">Pythagoræorum</expan> ſententia neglecta, quæ nos illudit ambiguo, <pb pagenum="870"></pb>ſiquidem pro eodem accipiat eſſe in aliquo, vt in loco & in tempore, aliàs aggrediamur: etenim ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5009"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nuducent nos ad id obtinendum, quod optamus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc aduerſus Platonem afferuntur. </s> <s>Primùm, <lb></lb>quia pars temporis tempus eſt; conuerſionis verò conuerſio pars non eſt. </s> <s>Nam quæ ſunt eadem, etiam <lb></lb>partes habeant neceſſe eſt, quæ eiſdem polleant attributis; partes verò temporis & conuerſionis <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>attributa non habent. </s> <s>Id verò perſpicuum eſt in continuis, in quibus tempus & motus reponuntur: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>quælibet pars temporis tempus eſt, & quælibet pars motus eſt motus; & continui denique continua <lb></lb>pars eſt, & vniuoca cum toto. </s> <s>Verùm conuerſio ſignificat quid difforme, & alterius generis propter fi<lb></lb>guram quam præſefert; quippe quæ ſit proceſſus ab eodem in idem punctum. </s> <s>quare vbi id non con<lb></lb>ficiatur; conuerſio profectò non fuerit, ſed <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> genus motus, quod per circulum appellamus. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>non conficitur vllo pacto in partibus conuerſionis ipſius. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi cęli plures eſſent, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>opinati ſunt Democritus & Leucippus, eſſent certè plures conuerſiones: quare etiam tempora com<lb></lb>plura: atqui tempus vnum ab omnibus exiſtimatur. </s> <s>Altera illa quæ ponit tempus eſſe motum gene<lb></lb>ratim, ſatis propinqua vero eſt: ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> confutatu difficilior. </s> <s>Sed ſpectemus nos in primis condi<lb></lb>tiones motus & proprietates. </s> <s>habet <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ipſe duo principia: alterum quidem à quo, atque alterum in <lb></lb>quo; nec extra hoc in quo eſt (id verò eſt ſubiectum) exiſtit. </s> <s>ita vt definiatur, & circunſcribatur à loco <lb></lb>ſubiecti. </s> <s>hîc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſcriptio eſt, vbi nos ſcribimus; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnus vnius mobilis motus eſt. </s> <s>at tempus in nullo eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5010"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quin extra ipſum ſit. </s> <s>nam tempus in omni re mobili & mortali communiter aduertitur, & notatur. </s> <s>nec <lb></lb>cuiuſpiam ſubiecti loco circunſcribitur, immò dicere non licèt hîc, aut ibi tempus eſſe, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>dicimus hîc eſſe ſcriptionem, aut auditionem in gymnaſio. </s> <s>Deinde ſemper redeamus ad id. </s> <s>Quorum <lb></lb>eadem attributa non ſint, eadem illa non eſſe: hæc verò ſunt motus & tempus: quippe quòd de mo<lb></lb>tu velox & tardum prædicamus, tempori nil huiuſmodi tribuimus. </s> <s>Sed vt hæc aſſumptio ſit <expan abbr="approbã-da">approban<lb></lb>da</expan>, non facilè perſpicitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ita inquiunt Græci. </s> <s>Celer & tardum tempore definiuntur: at tempus <lb></lb>tempore non definitur: tempus igitur celer & tardum dici non poteſt. </s> <s>Verùm, vt puto, probatio lubri<lb></lb>ca. </s> <s>quoniam opponam ego, par & impar numero definiuntur. </s> <s>numerus autem numero non defini<lb></lb>tur, numerus igitur non erit par & impar: <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione homo definitur animali; animal animali <lb></lb>non definitur: homo igitur animal non eſt. </s> <s>Dicunt hîc aliqui illud eſſe fortuitum, quòd ſint, aut non <lb></lb>ſint in ſubiecto attributa quæ non definiantur per terminos eoſdem: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ea poſſe ſeparari. </s> <s>Quamob<lb></lb>rem probant propoſitum deducentes rationem ad id quod fieri nequit, hoc modo. </s> <s>Si tempus velox <lb></lb>aut tardum foret; tempore definiri deberet. </s> <s>At hoc abſurdum eſt. </s> <s>At vos'ne illi eſtis, qui demonſtratio<lb></lb>nem quæ deducat ad id quod fieri nequit, à recta ponitis non differre? </s> <s>& eadem <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> principia con<lb></lb>ſtitutis? </s> <s>ad idem ergo reuertemur, quod Græci ante profeſsi ſunt. </s> <s>Deinde ſic mihi dicere licebit. </s> <s>Si nu<lb></lb>merus par, aut impar eſſet; per numerum definiretur: at id fieri non poteſt: numerus igitur falsò par, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5011"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut impar eſſe accipitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hîc tu dicere poſsis, illud ſatis eſſe, ſi par & impar à numero ſeparentur <lb></lb>non quidem re, ſed eſſentia: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt attributum à ſuo ſubiecto, à quo quidem eſſentia, non autem re<lb></lb>ipſa ſeiungatur: & quòd ſufficiat, ſi concludatur numerum ſecundùm eſſentiam id non eſſe, quod eſt <lb></lb>par & impar, quo ſignificato <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nec animal hominem eſſe perhibemus: quoniam ad retinendam <lb></lb>facultatem ſyllogiſticam ita accipiendus eſt in <expan abbr="cõplexione">complexione</expan> terminus, quemadmodum in propoſitio<lb></lb>nibus ſumebatur; & in conſequente non ſecus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in antecedente fuerit acceptus. </s> <s>at velox & <expan abbr="tardũ">tardum</expan> <lb></lb>in propoſitionibus & antecedente, velut temporis attributum accipimus. </s> <s>An non eadem fortaſſe ratio <lb></lb>eſt velocis & tardi ad motum & tempus: quoniam ad motum ſe habent tanquam attributum; à tem<lb></lb>pore verò pendent, tanquam ab eſſentia: at oſtenditur à definitione. </s> <s>hæc eadem non eſſe per eſſentiam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> velox & tardum tempore definiantur, & non tanquam per ſubiectum: nam motus ipſe ſub<lb></lb>iectum eſt, ſed tanquam per principium medio vacans: oportet igitur, vt, ſi prædicentur, ea ſit eſſentię <lb></lb>prædicatio, non autem attributi. </s> <s>ſed cùm eadem eſſentia non ſit; patet nullam eſſe prædicationem ve<lb></lb>locis de tempore. </s> <s>Velox <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, quod multum ſpatij paruo tempore conficit. </s> <s>contrà tardum, quod ſpa<lb></lb>tij parum multo tempore abſoluit. </s> <s>at cùm in tempore quantitas ſpectari poſsit; longum & breue nun<lb></lb>cupatur: cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> qualitas non ita denominetur, aut habitudo quæ per velox & tardum ſignificantur: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5012"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>planum. </s> <s>quod tempus & velox & tardum nullo pacto ſunt idem. </s> <s>Ita etiam cum hac ſententia explo<lb></lb>ditur illa opinio quam Albertus Saxon, & generatim Nominales omnes <expan abbr="approbabãt">approbabant</expan>. </s> <s>Hæ ſunt opinio<lb></lb>nes ſcitu dignæ quæ de temporis natura circunferuntur; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ignari ſumus complures ab Auicen<lb></lb>na recitari quæ certè ſine ſcelere nefario prætermitti poſsint: facilè enim ab accurato lectore indignæ <lb></lb>reprehenſione cenſebuntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5007"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5008"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5009"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5010"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5011"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5012"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum tempus requirat animæ mutationem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVNTAMEN etſi tempus motus non eſt, illud euitari certè non poteſt, quin ſit aliquid <lb></lb>ipſius motus: huius autem rei ſignum eſſe non dubium: quoniam mens noſtra ſeuocare quidem <lb></lb>poteſt; res mira neceſsitudine coniunctas, quæ tamen tempus à motu ſeparare nequit: nanque niſi <lb></lb>mens ipſa mutetur, aut nos mutatio lateat, tempus non percipitur à nobis. </s> <s><expan abbr="tũc">tunc</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tempus cognoſcitur, <lb></lb>cùm aduertimus mutationem, & in ea prius & poſterius deſignamus. </s> <s>quòd ſi fortè ſigna hæc minimè <lb></lb>notentur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> obſeruetur hic ordo in mutationib. verùm æquè àc ſi in eodem tenore permaneat res, <lb></lb>cognitione comprehendatur, veluti ſit in ſomnis, temporis notitia non habetur: quaſi tempus non ſi<lb></lb>ue motu cognoſci poſsit. </s> <s>At verò quo pacto accipi debeat hic motus qui pertinet ad mentem; diſcor <pb pagenum="871"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5013"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>des ſunt Græci interpretes à Galeno, & de Ariſtotelis ſenſu certant, ac de vi <expan abbr="verborũ">verborum</expan>: nam tribuit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteli Galenus intelligi motum <foreign lang="grc">ἐν τῆ διανόια</foreign>, vnde etiam ſumit occaſionem inſimulandi <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <lb></lb>qui ex motu phantaſiç concluſerit tempus eſſe adnexum motui qui fit citra munus phantaſiæ, quia ſic <lb></lb>etiam ſequeretur, vt in immobilibus eſſet motus; cùm & ipſa in <expan abbr="cogitationẽ">cogitationem</expan> cadere queant: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>(dicit Galenus Ariſtotelis quidem ſententia) <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quatenus in cogitationem cadunt; ſed immobilia <lb></lb>ſunt huiuſmodi: & cogitari igitur poſſunt: motui ergo ſubiiciuntur. </s> <s>At Græci ex altera parte perſua<lb></lb>dent alium eſſe ſenſum eiuſmodi verborum, & id ex iis verè ſignificari, tempus non poſſe concipi, niſi <lb></lb>motus vnà cum ipſo comprehendatur; <expan abbr="negantq́">negantque</expan>. </s> <s>motum animæ <expan abbr="accipiẽdum">accipiendum</expan> eſſe; quia nullus eſt eius <lb></lb>motus, cùm cogitatio ſit indiuiduum quid, & energia <expan abbr="tantũmodo">tantummodo</expan> quæ puncto <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> obitur; ex quo <lb></lb>diſſoluunt pro Ariſtotele Galeni obiectionem: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita argumentatur Ariſtoteles, vt accipit Gale<lb></lb>nus; quia mouetur mens, motus igitur & tempus in eo ſunt quod à mente comprehenditur. </s> <s>Verùm ſi <lb></lb>vniuerſum illum locum perluſtremus; manifeſtò intelligetur. </s> <s>Ariſtotelem de animæ motu verba face<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>Primum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit ipſe, niſi mutemur ſecundùm cogitationem, aut ſi non ſentiamus <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>; non <lb></lb>contingere, vt percipiamus tempus; poſteà ſubiungit: quando non terminemus <expan abbr="phãtaſiam">phantaſiam</expan>, ſed in vno, <lb></lb>& indiuiduo videtur anima immorari. </s> <s>Græcè ſic <foreign lang="grc">ἄμα γὰρ κινήσεως αἰσθανόμεν, καὶ χρόνου</foreign>. </s> <s>mox. <foreign lang="grc">ὄταν <lb></lb>μὲν οὖν ὡς ἓν τὸ νῦν αἰσθανώμενα, καὶ ᾖ τι ὡς τὸ πρότερον, καὶ ὒστερον ἐν τῇ κινήσει, ἤ ὡς τὸ ἀυτὸ μέν, προ <lb></lb>τέρου δὲ, καί ὑστέρου τινὸς, οὐ δοκει χρόνος γεγονέναι οὐδεις</foreign>. </s> <s>Nihil planè clarius eloqui potuit Ariſtote<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5014"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>les, vnde Græci reprehendi poſſent: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc eſt huiuſmodi verborum ſententia. </s> <s>Simul <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>ſentimus, & tempus. </s> <s>& paullò pòſt. </s> <s>“Quando igitur vt vnum nunc ſentiamus, & aliquid ſit, vt prius & <lb></lb>poſterius in motu: aut vt idem ſanè, prioris autem, aut poſterioris cuiuſpiam; nullum tempus factum <lb></lb>fuiſſe videtur.” Prætereà ſtatuit idem Ariſtoteles corpus noſtrum non mutari, ſed motum fieri in ani<lb></lb>ma ſolùm, & tum teſtatur percipi tempus. </s> <s>Adde etiam rationem huius rei, ſi libet. </s> <s>quoniam oportet co<lb></lb>gnoſcere prius & poſterius, & animam hoc aduertere, quod ſanè <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> illius mutatione nequit eueni<lb></lb>re, & inter Græcos manifeſtò Philoponus animæ motu adſcribit. </s> <s>Ideò <expan abbr="laudãt">laudant</expan> nonnulli inter <expan abbr="pretationẽ">pretationem</expan> <lb></lb>Galeni, Gręcorum explicatione reiecta. </s> <s>At verò ſi ita ſit; iure igitur Galenus Ariſtotelem <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> accuſa<lb></lb>rit. </s> <s>Reformidauerunt iſti Galeni obiectionem, & nimiùm Græcis patrocinari voluerunt. </s> <s>proptereà <lb></lb>quid conſequetur abſurdi, ſi dixero Galeni interpretationem fuiſſe certiſsimam; poſteà ſententiam il<lb></lb>lam ſibi non placuiſſe, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam oppugnaſſe? </s> <s>Sed ſtante etiam Galeni interpretatione aſſero <lb></lb>item eius obiectionem nullius eſſe momenti. </s> <s>Eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd tempus ſeſe prodat per mutationem, quæ <lb></lb>in anima fiat: at illa mutatio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt cum tempore, nec requirit neceſſariò tempus, niſi forte per acci<lb></lb>dens. </s> <s>id quod ita accipias velim, eo quia terminorum, adde etiam enunciationum comprehenſio tota <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5015"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubita per ſe eſt: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & quanuis in cogitatione tranſitus fiat ab vno termino cognito ad alterum igno<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5016"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum, nihilominus <expan abbr="vterq.">vterque</expan> actus puncto temporis obitur. </s> <s>Cùm verò inter duo puncta cadat tempus; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>in cogitando quidem id ponitur, nam per totum id interualli quod inter eius actionis terminos inter<lb></lb>cipitur; quinetiam in officio ſenſus. </s> <s>nulla planè intercedit actio mentis, ſed ſpatium illud in aliis quæ <lb></lb>ſunt extra mentem, tempus eſt. </s> <s>Deinde tempus eſt in motu phantaſiæ: quoniam exercetur ille per ſpe<lb></lb>cies & inſtrumenta corporea quorum actus ſine motu effici non poteſt. </s> <s>Nil etiam prohibet, quomi<lb></lb>nus in mente fiat aliqua mutatio quæ ſit tanquam ſpecies, & imago mutationum quæ in rebus ipſis ex<lb></lb>tra mentem ſuccedunt, quam etiam ab hoc loco alienam non eſſe prorſus exiſtimo. </s> <s>eſt ea ſanè indiui<lb></lb>dua per ſe ipſam; veruntamen id cogitationi noſtræ ſubiicit, quod eſt diuiduum. </s> <s>Sed aduerte, obſecro, <lb></lb>ſit'ne hæc propria ſententia Philoſophi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> functio phantaſiæ primogenia talis eſt ſemper, qualis <lb></lb>offertur à ſenſu. </s> <s>Nunc ſenſilia ſemper cum motu, vel quiete feriunt ſenſus, quia ſunt hæc ſenſilia com<lb></lb>munia, quemadmodum vnum, & multa, ſicut igitur ſine horum altero nullum ſenſile comprehendi<lb></lb>tur; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſine motu, vel quiete. </s> <s>Fieri ergo poteſt, vt aciem ſuam conuertat aliquis ſenſus ad <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb>ſubiectum, negligat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> commune; aut cùm illo etiam commuue aduertat; ſi <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> non attendat, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <lb></lb>dico <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> temporis exiſtere notionem, vel ſpeciem, ſed tunc extare, cùm in ea perceptione proprij ſen<lb></lb>ſilis habetur ratio motus & quietis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam tempus quoquomodo apparet in quiete. </s> <s>Ab hac ad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5017"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uerſione mens libera eſt; niſi quatenus ad eſſentiam temporis, quæ item temporis expers eſt; ſe conuer<lb></lb>tit: nam quod tempori ſubiicitur, eſt ſingulare; vniuerſale autem quod eſt mentis obiectum, eſt extra <lb></lb>omne tempus, quanquam omnia illa quæ tentant mentem, ſenſus quoquomodo ſubiere. </s> <s>Ex his igi<lb></lb>tur ſic ad obiectionem Galeni reſpondemus. </s> <s>etenim vbi inquit, ſi ex eo, quòd motus ineſt in phanta<lb></lb>ſia, concluditur ineſſe etiam in iis quæ ſunt extra phantaſiam: ergo item immobilia, hoc eſt, à materia <lb></lb>ſeparata erunt obnoxia tempori: nam cogitatione comprehendi poſſunt: quia licet nobis dare illa quo<lb></lb>que, vt in ſenſum cecidere mutationis, & temporis afferre notionem, & per accidens, non per ſe: quòd <lb></lb>ſi, vt ſeparara ſunt à matetia, aio quidem illa eſſe omnino ſeiuncta à motu, & extra tempus eſſe: ac ne<lb></lb>go ſub phantaſiam cadere propriè; ſed attingere ſolùm <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita reipſa ſe habere, & per ſe. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>igitur anima plureis habeat facultateis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omnes cum <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> coniunctę ſint; quia mens propriè nul<lb></lb>lo cum tempore ſuum obit munus; quippe quæ verſetur in indiuiduis; eorum verò, quatenus huiuſ<lb></lb>modi ſunt, comprehenſio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit indiuidua, ita dico ab ea parte quæ contemplatur indiuidua, conci<lb></lb>pi illa quæ à materia ſeiuncta ſunt: <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>ſine motu & tempore cognoſci. </s> <s>Sic ergo Galenus magnus <lb></lb>quidem admirator, veruntamen infenſiſsimus hoſtis Ariſtotelis decipit nos argumento quod peccat <lb></lb>procedens ab eo quod eſt per accidens ad id quod eſt per ſe. </s> <s>Verumenimuero poſsis hîc tu cum Auer<lb></lb>roë dubitare, ſi tempus ſequitur motum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum quidem qui ſentiatur: ſi fortè motus iſte non pellat <pb pagenum="872"></pb>ſenſum, non ſentietur etiam tempus ipſum, quemadmodum fortaſſe à cæcis qui motum non perſpi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5018"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciunt. </s> <s>Deinde ſi tu dixeris tempus conſequi motum animæ ipſius: nil igitur erit tempus, niſi ad <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <lb></lb>referatur, erit ergo ſpecies, & intentio, vt aiunt, non autem res. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſi pertinet tempus ad omnem <lb></lb>motum; quot ergo ſunt ſpecies motus; totidem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tempora ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Primum verò nos con<lb></lb>cedimus, & aimus, ſi motus omnino non ſentiatur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> anima faciat mutationem, tempus item nec à <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>ſentiri poſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſſe conſimiliter: manet enim ratio temporis in eo quòd iudicetur prius & po<lb></lb>ſterius in motu: quare etiam citra animæ functionem erit planè motus, qui eſt velut materia tempo<lb></lb>ris. </s> <s>Sed tempus ipſum nequaquam, tametſi de hac re copioſius poſtea diſſeretur. </s> <s>Cùm verò motus cu<lb></lb>ius beneficio notitiam temporis adipiſcimur, ſit ſenſile quoddam <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>; inde efficitur, vt omnes qui <lb></lb>ſenſu pollent, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> illi ſint, per ipſum notitiam temporis aſſequi poſsint. </s> <s>Pertinent & hæc ad tol<lb></lb>lendam poſteriorem dubitationem. </s> <s>Sed & illud addamus. </s> <s>Nam tempus quidem per terminos eſt, <expan abbr="eoſ-q́ue">eoſ<lb></lb>que</expan> poteſtate, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> actu, & qui vim habeant copulandi temporis partes antecedentem .ſ. </s> <s>& conſe<lb></lb>quentem, ij verò terminos motus conſequuntur, & illis reapſe fundantur, vniuerſum verò concipitur <lb></lb>ab anima in qua tota temporis extentio in vnum indiuiduum quod eſt ipſius ſpecies, contrahitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cũ">Cum</expan> <lb></lb>ergo per terminum ſubſiſtat quod eſt inſtans; inde eſt, vt non ſit in anima ſolùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſpecies ſola; ſed <lb></lb>res: ita verò eſſe in rerum natura <expan abbr="cõe">cone</expan> eſt omnib. iis quæ per ſucceſsionem fiunt. </s> <s>Tertium ſic euertimus <lb></lb>concedentes omnes quidem motus eſſe cum tempore coniunctos; verum non proximè, ſed quatenus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5019"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex primo motu, tanquam menſura apti, & nexi ſunt. </s> <s>quod item poſteà plurib. ſeſe offert explicandum: <lb></lb>quandò item ad huiuſce rei notitiam hîc digredimur. </s> <s>At verò quæres etiam hoc loco; ſi tempus ſine <lb></lb>motu concipi nequit, vtrum'ne motus ipſe poſsit ſine tempore cognoſci, an <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> notitia ſic copula<lb></lb>ta ſit, vt diſtrahi non poſsint? </s> <s>concedebat partem problematis aientem Alexander, eum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Philo<lb></lb>ponus ſectabatur. </s> <s>Auerroës etiam <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan>: ſecum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe pugnat, quemadmodum Zimara ſignifica<lb></lb>uit. </s> <s>Negauit Simplicius, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>vniuerſum tribuit eorum naturæ quæ ſunt ad aliquod, quæ <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> re, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>cogitatione à ſe inuicem ſeiungi poſſunt. </s> <s>Cęterùm non neceſſe eſt omnia quæ ſunt ad aliquod ad ſeſe <lb></lb>mutuò referri, ſed datur quoddam genus eorum quæ ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> referuntur; ab eo verò non com<lb></lb>meat habitudo, niſi vt <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> alia ſunt: priuatio <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> refertur: at habitus à priuatione ſeparatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſic cùm <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> referatur, velut ad prius, non erit fortè <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>, vt motus viciſsim referatur <lb></lb>ad tempus. </s> <s>At, inquies, motus ſemper eſt cum tempore <expan abbr="cõiunctus">coniunctus</expan>. </s> <s>planè <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſt; ſed ea eſt coniunctio <lb></lb>naturæ quæ non prohibet, quominus à cogitatione efficiatur abſtractio: difficile id quidem, & eiuſmo<lb></lb>di <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan>, vt fieri nequeat, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnino fieri nequit; ſi <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> mentis <expan abbr="operationẽ">operationem</expan> reſpicias quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5020"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>confuſa eſt: ſuccedit <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> in ea quæ diſtincta eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfecta. </s> <s>Si id ſibi voluit Zimara, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dixit <expan abbr="du-plicẽ">du<lb></lb>plicem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="abſtractionẽ">abſtractionem</expan> in prima, & ſecunda operatione intellectus; & <expan abbr="abſtractionẽ">abſtractionem</expan> de ſecunda operatio<lb></lb>ne conceſsit, probo ipſum. </s> <s>ſi minus; adhuc hæreo in mea ſententia. </s> <s>Quanquam ille notandus eſt, quae <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5021"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hoc eodem modo crediderit item <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> ſeuocari à motu, ſicuti motus à tempore; ſed longè alia <lb></lb>ratio ſucceſsionis ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſt, àc temporis: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt eſſentia motus, ita, vt ſine ipſa motus conſeruari <lb></lb>nequeat; nam ſucceſsio fluxus eſt formę: id verò eſt eſſe motum. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tempus eſt conſequens. </s> <s>itaque <lb></lb>non eſt ratio, par ad motum ſucceſsionis & temporis. </s> <s>Sed hęc alibi.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5013"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5014"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5015"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5016"></margin.target>a 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 11.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5017"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5018"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5019"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5020"></margin.target>a 6. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5021"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Colligitur definitio temporis, & aduerſus illam dubitatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS dictum eſt tempus eſſe aliquid motus. </s> <s>nunc quod' nam ſit ipſius explicandum <lb></lb>eſt. </s> <s>oſtenditur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id ex proportione quam inter ſe habent <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>, ſuper quo fit motus ipſe, & tem<lb></lb>pus (ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> perſuadere oportet, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſyllogiſmo, aut demonſtratione concludere). Mo<lb></lb>tus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> hîc accipitur, vtpote qui ſit <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> primus, & quaſi norma cęterorum: etenim omne id <lb></lb>quod mouetur, ex <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> in <expan abbr="quiddã">quiddam</expan> mouetur, & ex vno termino ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, ab initio ſpatij, videlicet, <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>: <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> verò <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> eſt: ita & duo ſunt termini motus à quo & ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>; & motus ille qui in<lb></lb>ter eos terminos intercedit qui item continuus eſt; quia <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> ſeu magnitudo ſuper qua fit motus, <expan abbr="cõ-tinua">con<lb></lb>tinua</expan> ſit; ſicuti motus duob. </s> <s>terminis circunſcribitur, & continuus eſt; ita ipſum <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> imitatur. </s> <s>eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5022"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duo termini cogitari poſſunt qui pariter reſpondeant terminis <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan>: inter illos ducitur tem<lb></lb>pus quod motui <expan abbr="cõpar">compar</expan> eſt: hi termini ſanè <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> habent in magnitudine, cùm ex his aliquis poſitura <lb></lb>prior ſit, aliter verò poſterior; ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> prior, vnde incipit motus; poſterior alter, quò contendit. </s> <s>Si<lb></lb>quis igitur in eo progreſſu <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> facit mobile, dum à termino à quo deducitur ad terminum ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan>; ſpe<lb></lb>ctet <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> qua hoc poſt hoc fit, is <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> profectò tenebit: ex quo ſequitur, vt tempus à motu ſola <lb></lb>ratione, & eſſentia diſtinguatur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſubiecto <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Sic ergo quia <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan>, vt mobile nunc ſit in hoc ſpa<lb></lb>tij puncto, mox in alio, <expan abbr="motusq́">motusque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuper hoc puncto nunc exiſtat; ſuper illo aliàs, quæ quidem ſe conſe<lb></lb>quuntur; efficitur, vt illa conſecutio <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> motus ſit tempus. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ex eo liquet: nam de tempo<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> facimus, cùm <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> illam partium motus cogitamus, & notamus in eo prius & po<lb></lb>ſterius, non quòd intueamur ſolùm prius & poſterius, tanquam terminos & puncta ſimpliciter, ſi <expan abbr="me-diũ">me<lb></lb>dium</expan> inter illa, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> motus eſt inter ſuos ipſius terminos, & quaſi progreſſum ab vno termino <lb></lb>ad alium, & non ſine ſucceſsione. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> notitia temporis in eo poſita eſt, vt deſignentur in motu <lb></lb>prius & poſterius. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> inter hæc ipſa ſigna <expan abbr="interiectũ">interiectum</expan>, veluti ſi anima pronunciarit <lb></lb>heri ſexta hora hoc eſſe <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan>, illud verò hodie hora prima. </s> <s>terminos <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> habemus, qui non ſunt tem<lb></lb>pus, ſed vbi ſpatium animaduertatur quod inter heſternam, & hodiernam horam interiicitur quo alia <pb pagenum="873"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5023"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fierent: illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> verè <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ex hoc, ipſo colligitur, quia ſi prior ac poſterior termi<lb></lb>nus, vt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> accipiatur, ſiue re ipſa, veluti præſens <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan>, quod præteriti finis eſt, <expan abbr="initiumq́">initiumque</expan>. </s> <s>futuri, ſiue <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vt duo reapſe ſeparata, velut illa quæ in <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> aſſumpta ſunt; nec id obſeruetur quod inter illa fie<lb></lb>bat. </s> <s><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> iis accidit qui longiſsimo, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>diuturniſsimo ſomno correpti <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> annos <lb></lb>fefellerunt. </s> <s>hiſtoria nota eſt, non agnoſcitur tempus. </s> <s>quia .ſ. </s> <s>mens motui non adhibeatur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſanè quia <lb></lb>tum non ſit motus; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſed quia conſecutio <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> cuius eſt alia ratio, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> motus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aduertitur: nec <lb></lb>tamen ipſa conſecutio propriè <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> eſt; ſed tum <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ea ſucceſsio notatur ab anima, id verò <lb></lb>ſuccedit hoc modo: nam ſicut in magnitudine extentionis beneficio plus eſt & minus; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id nihil eſt <lb></lb>aliud; ac maior & minor certarum <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> multitudo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen eſt propriè numerus aut menſura, <lb></lb>tunc eſt numerus ac menſura, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> parteis animus repetit, & <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> & cum toto confert, & tot minoris ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis partes æquales in toto cognouit ineſſe: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita nouimus <expan abbr="auẽ">auem</expan> penna eſſe <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>; quia ſex<lb></lb>centies <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> contineat, ſic in motu ineſt ratio magnitudinis, & extentio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen eſt numerus, aut <expan abbr="mẽ-ſura">men<lb></lb>ſura</expan>, niſi partes eius extentionis repetantur, & ſecum, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> toto conferantur; id verò non niſi ab ani<lb></lb>ma effici poteſt. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> extentio duplex: <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> partes habent inter ſe <expan abbr="poſiturã">poſituram</expan>, & <expan abbr="permanentiũ">permanentium</expan>, ve<lb></lb>luti corporis: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ carentia poſitura <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ſucceſsione conſiſtunt; & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſt ordo, ac prius, <lb></lb>& poſterius. </s> <s>Motus eſt huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Si igitur eius partes repetantur, & <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> ſimul, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> toto conferan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5024"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, exoritur numerus, ac menſura; ſed <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> poſitura careant, & habeant ordinem in ſucceſsione <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan>, <lb></lb>numerus erit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> menſura <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> prius, ac poſterius, hoc nos dicimus eſſe tempus. </s> <s>Ita plus dicimus <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> ſcripſiſſe, quia per plureis horas in negotio fuerit, & quia prius cęperit, vel poſterius deſtiterit, <lb></lb>& quod pridie cœptum fuerit, poſtridie fuiſſe confectum. </s> <s>At verò, quia numerus eſt vel numerans: <lb></lb>hic verò mathematicus eſt, & qui conſtat ex repetitione vnitatis quæ prorſus indiuidua ſit, & à mate<lb></lb>ria ſenſili ſeiuncta; ob id nihil eſt rei numeratæ: vel naturalis, qui iam eſt cum materia & continuitate <lb></lb>coniunctus, & aliquid iam rei ipſius exiſtit, & hic rurſus <foreign lang="grc">ἐν τῷ γένεσθαι</foreign>, ideſt, in fieri, vt aiunt, & dum <lb></lb>fit, aut <foreign lang="grc">ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι</foreign>, ideſt, in facto eſſe, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> factum eſt, hoc eſt, vel vt quando numeramus, aut <lb></lb>numerus ipſe iam collectus. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> partium in poſitura, vt in ſpatio, aut in conſecu<lb></lb>tione & ſucceſsione, quia hoc poſt hoc fit, erit certè tempus numerus in materia ſenſili, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>in fieri, dum fit, & ex ordine partium, non ſanè in poſitura, ſed in ſucceſsione & conſecutione. </s> <s>Hęc qui<lb></lb>dem eſt Ariſtotelica definitio temporis, quæ tamen non vacet difficultatibus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> careat oppugnatori<lb></lb>bus. </s> <s>Dubitatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primo loco, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> prius & poſterius per ſe ſint in magnitudine & per <expan abbr="magni-tudinẽ">magni<lb></lb>tudinem</expan> in motu, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> potius contrà per motum in magnitudine prius & poſterius ſubſiſtant. </s> <s>cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prius <lb></lb>ignis eſt in loco ſuperiore, niſi quoniam inde cępit moueri? </s> <s>Deinde quo pacto ſeruatur ratio tempo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5025"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ris & motus, quod ad multitudinem & paucitatem pertinet, cùm contrà multus motus breui tempo<lb></lb>re confici queat, & paruus in multo? </s> <s>veluti multum huius negotij tempus, & alterius parum, vtputa, <lb></lb>ſi per horam mille paſſus ambulauero, lenta & frigida fuerit ambulatio, ſi infans tantundem confece<lb></lb>rit, ocyſsima: quocirca motus meus erit paruus, at verò multus infantis. </s> <s>Tertiò quia ſic tempus apta<lb></lb>tur ad omneis motus, quare <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tempora infinita ſimul. </s> <s>Inſuper, ſi tempus ſignificat conſecutionem <lb></lb>in motu, & alienum eſt a ſubſtantia motus, & ſucceſsio igitur eſt aliena ab illius ſubſtantia, hoc autem <lb></lb>repugnat admodùm iis quæ antea decreta fuerunt. </s> <s>Quin etiam Galenus eo nomine inuehitur in Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem, quae idem per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> definierit, quo nil certè fędius in methodis. </s> <s>Cum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicitur tempus eſſe nume<lb></lb>rum motus <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> prius & poſterius, quæro quæ'nam ſit huiuſmodi <expan abbr="vocũ">vocum</expan> ſignificatio. </s> <s>etenim prius <lb></lb>& poſterius eſt vel ordine, vel natura, vel tempore. </s> <s>At hic prius ordine non eſt, quandò hoc ineſt ſo<lb></lb>lùm in magnitudine: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item natura, quae in hac notione ſucceſsio neceſſaria <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, quæ tamen in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>deſideratur. </s> <s>ergo tempore prius. </s> <s>tempus igitur tempore definitur. </s> <s>Poſtremò tempus, motus, & magni<lb></lb>tudo ſunt <foreign lang="grc">ἀσύμβλητα</foreign>, & eiuſmodi quæ ſecum conferri non poſsint; quo pacto igitur Ariſtoteles ex<lb></lb>ponit nobis prius & poſterius in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> percollationem quæ fit cum motu & magnitudine? </s> <s>Ad <expan abbr="pri-mũ">pri<lb></lb>mum</expan> verò reſpondent nonnulli è Græcis interpretibus tribui prius & poſterius magnitudini, non ſanè, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5026"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quia non ſit tempus in magnitudine propter motum, ſed quoniam ab ipſa magnitudine primo pendet <lb></lb>motus, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit magnitudinis, & ſuper magnitudine neceſſariò. </s> <s>Veruntamen hæc cauſſa valde remota fo<lb></lb>ret, niſi non vt princeps, ſed vt ſine qua non haberetur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſt eſſe ordo in magnitudine per <lb></lb>ſe, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> verùm primò exiſtit in motu; quia tamen non eſt ordo, hic extra extentionem quæ primò eſt ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5027"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gnitudinis; idcirco tribuitur motui, & <expan abbr="tẽpori">tempori</expan> cauſſa magnitudinis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Secundũ">Secundum</expan> verò conatus eſt tollere <lb></lb>Simplicius inquiens, Ariſtotelis dictum ſimpliciter <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> non eſſe, quae inter ſe ęqualia ſint tempus, <lb></lb>& motus. </s> <s>ſed quòd ſimilia duntaxat. </s> <s>vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ſit <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> huius motus, tantum ſit <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> alterius, ſed ſi <lb></lb>ita eſt, non reddimur certiores de quantitate motus, quod tamen aſſequi deberemus auxilio <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Idcirco mihi placet Philoponus qui vult quidem tempus eſſe menſuram motus, ſed <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> regularem, <lb></lb>hic verò cęleſtis eſt, ſumi oportere, aut <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ad illius normam dirigi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non ſunt in<lb></lb>finita tempora, licèt ſine infiniti motus, quoniam non eſt tempus menſura, numerusúe omnium mo<lb></lb>tuum ſed cęleſtis primò, per illum. </s> <s>Quartum diſtinctione profligatur. </s> <s>Nam ſucceſsio multiplex eſt: <lb></lb>vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> continet partes materiæ quæ inter ſe conſequuntur, vel eſt nota ſucceſsionis illius, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conſecu<lb></lb>tionis, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>dicimus ſub prima notione ſumptam ingredi definitionem motus, in ſecunda verò capi<lb></lb>tur à nobis, & ab ea petitur eſſentia temporis. </s> <s>Ad Galenum verò reſpondet Themiſtius primùm infi<lb></lb>ciando id quod prius & poſterius eſt, non eſſe ſecundùm tempus. </s> <s>ſed duci ab ordine partium, & ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis. </s> <s>aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conce dendo id quod obiectum eſt: immo inquit ipſe, id eſſe munus bonæ definitio <pb pagenum="874"></pb>nis, vt idem ſint definitio & definitum. </s> <s>Cæterùm ad Themiſtium pro Galeno Simplicius, nil aliud eſ<lb></lb>ſe profectò prius & poſterius ſecundùm <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> id quod ex ordine partium magnitudinis <expan abbr="motusq́">motusque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5028"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ducatur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>fieri, vt argumento ſeruetur priſtinum robur. </s> <s>Quapropter ipſe Simplicius aliam prio<lb></lb>ris <expan abbr="poſteriorisq́">poſteriorisque</expan>. </s> <s>notionem affert, eſt verò ſecundùm <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> <foreign lang="grc">ὑπάρξεως</foreign>. </s> <s>i. vt ita dixerim, ſubſiſten<lb></lb>tiæ & proceſſus ad exiſtendum. </s> <s>Atqui etiam quæſtio de hoc eſſe poteſt, cùm videatur <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> hic eſſe mo<lb></lb>dus prioris ac poſterioris <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> tempus. </s> <s>quod item ex iis patet quæ idem ipſe profitetur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi Phi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5029"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lopono reſpondet qui mundi <expan abbr="ęternitatẽ">ęternitatem</expan> probare inſtituerat. </s> <s>Dicebat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſecundò pro Galeno, non poſ<lb></lb>ſe euitari <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, eo quae aut intelligitur prius & poſterius ordine, aut <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>: quod ſi <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> accipia<lb></lb>tur: <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> igitur per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> explicabitur: ſi verò aliud <expan abbr="ſignificatũ">ſignificatum</expan> vſurpetur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> diſtinctionis ergo <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ad<lb></lb>dere oportebit; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita idem rurſus per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> exponetur. </s> <s>Quare Themiſtius anceps, & anxius demum <lb></lb>dedit <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> abſolutè poſſe definiri. </s> <s>Valeat hîc Themiſtius: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facilè erit omnia definire, non ſe<lb></lb>cus àc facilè fuerit omnia demonſtrare iis qui omnia in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> demonſtrari poſſe <expan abbr="cẽſebant">cenſebant</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco mea <lb></lb>quidem ſententia dicendum eſt, parteis definitionis idem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe cum tota definitione. </s> <s>quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>per illud quod à toto diuerſum ſit, definitionem tradi licere. </s> <s>Vltimum verò tolle ſic; quia tempus non <lb></lb>eſt ſimpliciter numerus, ſed totum hoc numerus numeratus: quare etiam præſefert aliquid continui<lb></lb>tatis, ob quam numerus motus & tempus comparabilia redduntur.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5030"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5022"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5023"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5024"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5025"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5026"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5027"></margin.target>a Cap. </s> <s>de. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanto.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5028"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5029"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5030"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De natura instantis, <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>origine nonnulla. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MAGNA ſanè ſimilitudo inter <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> & tempus intercedit, vt certè negari non poſsit, quin tem<lb></lb>pus ſit aut motus, aut aliquid ipſius, & præcipuè tempus illum in ſucceſsione imitatur; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> tum <lb></lb>motus, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tempus exiſtunt, cùm fiunt; hoc eſt, vt ſemper aliqua <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> pars iam extiterit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> am<lb></lb>plius ſit, & veteri noua ſuccedat aſsiduè. </s> <s>Verùm ſicuti de hoc conſentiunt, ſic in aliis quibuſdam longiſ<lb></lb>ſimo interuallo diſiunguntur: <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> motus & ex toto, & ex parte mutatur. </s> <s>at tempus ex parte <lb></lb>mutatur <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>; <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> verò manet ex toto. </s> <s>partes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> mutantur; quia ſunt in fluxu quodammodo, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tantiſper conſiſtunt. </s> <s>at ex toto non permanet idem motus: <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> permanet; non ſanè quòd <lb></lb>vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempus <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> ſit, & apud omnes; motus verò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>: quia non ſicut tuus motus in te <lb></lb>eſt, in me <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> meus; ita tempus tui motus in te ſit, in me verò mei: ſed <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> tempus eſt, & vna <lb></lb>menſura: nec quia totum ſimul acceptum careat ea ſucceſsione: nam video alterutrum à quibuſdam <lb></lb>talis differentiæ modum poni; ſed quae in vnico etiam motu ſtatus idem rerum non ſeruatur; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus ad <expan abbr="aliq̃">aliquae</expan> perfectionem contendit, & præterid quae apertè præſefert ſucceſsionem, <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> item <expan abbr="profectũ">profectum</expan> <lb></lb>facit in forma, & vlteriorem potentiam ſibi comparat: at tempus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> totum permanet, nec vllam <expan abbr="mu-tationẽ">mu<lb></lb>tationem</expan> admittit eundem ſtatum perpetuò retinens, vt ſimul adſpicias tempus, & conſequi motum, ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5031"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lut vmbra corpus; & tamen ab eo fore diuerſum. </s> <s>cauſſa verò talis differentiæ ducitur à natura inſtan<lb></lb>tis; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> id in tempore non aliter ſe habeat, quàm punctum in linea cogitent Mathematici: credunt <lb></lb>enim ipſi eam in fluxu vnius, <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>puncti ſuper plano exoriri: ſicut ergo ſi animo conciperemus <lb></lb>punctum illud fluens per planum producere lineam, <expan abbr="eiusq́">eiusque</expan>. </s> <s>partes, vt <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> productæ fuerint, interi<lb></lb>re, & nouas aſsiduè fieri; videremus <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> mutationem in lineæ partibus; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eędem lineæ forent: <lb></lb>cęterùm ſi poſteà cogitatione <expan abbr="memoriaq́">memoriaque</expan>. </s> <s>teneremus vniuerſas lineæ partes à puncto illo productas, <lb></lb>eandem obſeruaremus obtinere naturam, nec poſteriorem à priore <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> perfectiorem ab imperfectio<lb></lb>re differre, huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> euenti cauſſa foret hæc; quia puncti illius eſſet eadem ſubſtantia, ratio verò diuer<lb></lb>ſa, cùm modo in hac parte plani ſubſiſteret, mox in illa: ſic de temporis puncto cogitandum eſt: eius <lb></lb>.n. ductu producitur tempus, partes genitæ delentur, nouæ deletis ſuccedunt: vnde liquidò apparet, vt <lb></lb>temporis partes eædem eſſe non poſsint; veruntamen ſi memoria teneas partes iam elapſas, <expan abbr="easq́">easque</expan>. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>feras cum iis quæ deinceps fiunt, nullam certè varietatem inter illas conſpicies: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſic eueniebat in mo<lb></lb>tu: nam quod antea fuerat album vt duo, factum eſt album vt quattuor priore potentia & imperfe<lb></lb>ctiore in eam <expan abbr="cõmutata">commutata</expan> quæ poſterius acceſsit. </s> <s>Vnde igitur hoc? </s> <s>an non aliunde, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ab <expan abbr="inſtãtis">inſtantis</expan> ingenio <lb></lb>natum, quod metitur tempus iuxta prius & poſterius, ideſt, terminat omnes temporis partes, <expan abbr="easq́">easque</expan>. </s> <s>con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5032"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iungit, quod eſt ſemper eiuſdem ſubſtantiæ, & conuenit in ſubiecto, diſcrepat verò ratione duntaxat: <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſecus àc ſophiſtæ dicere ſoleant. </s> <s>Coriſcum domi, <expan abbr="foriſq́">foriſque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe à ſeipſo diuerſum. </s> <s>nam differt qui<lb></lb>dem à ſeipſo ratione quadam, & habitudine: non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quòd alia ſit ipſius ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Hoc exemplo <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <lb></lb>noſtram illuſtrauit Ariſtoteles eiuſmodi tamen, vt non prorſus ſimilis in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> ratio mihi videatur; <lb></lb>ſed ſimilitudo latius euagetur: quandò heſternum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hodiernum inſtans non videtur idem eſſe ſim<lb></lb>pliciter: idcirco varij modi ſunt ab interpretibus allati quibus idem probetur eſſe temporis <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mihi quidem hoc eſſe idem priuatiuè ſecundum videtur, hoc eſt, quia nulla extet differentia, quæ per<lb></lb>tineat ad eſſentiam; & omnino interna, per quam hodiernum ab heſterno diſtinguatur; ſed ſolùm va<lb></lb>rietas habitudinis. </s> <s>hoc verò mox planius fiet: altius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquanto rei huiuſce ratio repetenda eſt. </s> <s>Iam <lb></lb>.n. conſpicuum factum eſt hæc ſeſe conſequi indiſſolubiliter magnitudinem, motum, & tempus. </s> <s>Mo<lb></lb>tus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ipſe oritur ex proceſſu mobilis ſuper ſuo ſpatio, veluti linea ex proceſſu puncti ſuper plano (ſtatuo <lb></lb>verò nunc motum Simpliciter mobilis ipſius progreſſum ad ſui motus extremum omni perfectionis <lb></lb>ratione ſecluſa, & illius actus extentione ſolùm animaduerſa) in eo mobili motus obtinet, vt ſentiatur <lb></lb>quia motus in ipſo ſeſe prodit; vtpote quòd actu ſit, & in eo ſit motus, vt in quo in motu ipſo mobile <lb></lb>ſuper ſpatio idem exiſtit, ſed ratione ſeparatum, cùm ſit nunc ſuper hoc ſpatij puncto, paullò poſt ſu <pb pagenum="875"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5033"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per alio: quamobrem ſubiecto <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non diſcrepat, ſed ex accidente, ex mobilis præſentia nimirùm <lb></lb>ſuper varijs ſpatij <expan abbr="pũctis">punctis</expan>. </s> <s>hinc <expan abbr="inſtãs">inſtans</expan> exoritur; ita vt ſiquis eius eſſentiam velit exprimere, exactiſsimè, <lb></lb>nil aliud certius illi occurrat, quo rem ponat ante oculos, quàm præſentia mobilis in certo ſpatij pun<lb></lb>cto. </s> <s>Sicut ergo mobile idem eſt, ratio verò, & habitudo eius ad varia ſpatij puncta diuerse; ſic inſtantis <lb></lb>eadem eſt ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>diſcrepantia rationis intercedit. </s> <s>Quoniam igitur inſtantis eadem eſt ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia; efficit identidem, vt tempus omne ſit eiuſdem ſubſtantiæ: ex quo ſequitur proportio inter mo<lb></lb>tum & tempus, inter mobile & inſtans; & idcirco etiam, vt quemadmodum motus per mobile perci<lb></lb>pitur, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> actu ſit, & quaſi digito indicari poſsit; ſic tempus agnoſcatur per inſtans; & veluti motus in <lb></lb>mobili ſimpliciter non ſpectatur; ſed in eius actu; ſic inſtans repræſentat nobis tempus, non ſanè in mo<lb></lb>bili ſimpliciter, ſed in eo quod eſt actu. </s> <s>quod .ſ. </s> <s>iam operatur ſecundùm illam facultatem quam habet <lb></lb>ad terminum ad quem: idcirco eſt hoc modo prius & poſterius, vt nota prioris & poſterioris in actu <lb></lb>mobilis, & eius præſentia ſuper hoc & illo ſpatij puncto, in qua eſt ordo prioris & poſterioris, quibus <lb></lb>clauditur tempus. </s> <s>Eſt igitur idem ſubiecto, prout & mobile idem. </s> <s>Quapropter ſi fortè occurrat vnum <lb></lb>mobile quod in vniuerſo motu perpetuò ſeruet eundem tenorem; hoc erit profectò, vnde tota inſtantis <lb></lb>ratio ducenda ſit, nonmodò quantum pertinet ad id, vt ſit eiuſdem ſubſtantiæ; ſed etiam quod ſpectat <lb></lb>ad varietatem rationis: id verò mobile primum erit à quo optimè ratio menſuræ petetur. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eiuſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5034"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modi maximè, vt quaſi digito indicari poſsit, vt per illud motus & inſtans facilè noteſcant per quod <lb></lb>etiam cognoſcitur tempus: quia per notas prioris & poſterioris in eo mobili aſſequimur horas, dies, <lb></lb>menſes, & annos; & nouimus illo mobili obſeruato, quantus cuiuſque rei fuerit motus. </s> <s>Non me latet <lb></lb>D. Thomam de inſtanti diſſerentem, vtrùm vnum ſit, nec'ne, duo cogitaſſe temporis puncta: vnum, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb>eſſet externum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnib. commune: internum alterum, & <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> proprium, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iudicium <lb></lb>de puncto feciſſe. </s> <s>verùm non arbitror quicquam à re ipſa tali diſtinctioni reſpondere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum pun<lb></lb>ctum ſolùm, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>extremum ad producendum tempus ſufficere. </s> <s>Hinc ego eius loci expoſitionem pu<lb></lb>to, quæ naturam inſtantis nobis aperiat, & euitet omnes difficultates quæ moleſtiam Simplicio & Lati<lb></lb>nis afferebant ex qua item apparet, quemadmodum fruſtra quæ fierit Simplicius, vt ſi cur tempus om<lb></lb>nibus commune eſt, & vnum, & idem per <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan>, ſic non ſit motus; ſicut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> deceptus eſt in <lb></lb>ſolutione quæſtionis: nam concedit vnum poſſe motum eſſe communem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> videt ſe ponere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>vniuocum aduerſus ea quæ 3. Phyſ. decreta ſunt: nos verò non concedimus hîc temporis <expan abbr="cõmunitatẽ">communitatem</expan> <lb></lb>quæri; & dicimus vnum omnium tempus eſſe, quia tantùm primo mobili fundetur. </s> <s>Apparet etiam, <lb></lb>quo ſenſu <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> ſit id quod olim poſuit Ariſtoteles, inſtans aſsimilari puncto, cùm tamen mobili <lb></lb>poſteà fuerit aſsimilatum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> actu mobilis habitudo eſt: & ſic etiam valet idem àc punctum.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5035"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5031"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5032"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5033"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5034"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5035"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Summa temporis definitio colligitur, & contra dubitatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVONIAM verò maxima pars notitiæ temporis pendet ex cognitione inſtantis; pergamus item <lb></lb>nos, & quæ ſuperſunt de natura illius exploremus. </s> <s>Manifeſtum verò eſt ita coniuncta eſſe <expan abbr="inſtãs">inſtans</expan> <lb></lb>& tempus, vt alterum ab altero diuelli non poſsit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſt, erit neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> illius pun<lb></lb>ctum, & contrà ſi inſtans; & tempus igitur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eadem ratio intercedit inter inſtans & tempus, quæ <lb></lb>ſpectatur inter mobile & motum: quamobrem ſicuti latio ſine mobili non eſt, cùm ſit eius actus, nec <lb></lb>mobile actu ſine motu conſiſtit; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempus eſt ſine inſtanti, nec contrà inſtans ſine tempore repe<lb></lb>ritur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita ſe habet inſtans ad mobile <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ad motum: ergo à <expan abbr="cõmutata">commutata</expan> proportione; ſicu<lb></lb>ti mobile ſe habet ad motum; ſic inſtans ad tempus; etenim prout inſtans repetitum eſt numerus mobi<lb></lb>lis; ſic tempus eſt numerus motus. </s> <s>dictum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inſtans ita ſe habere ad mobile, vt ſit illius præſentia <lb></lb>ſuper ſpatio, & repetitum prius & poſterius in tempore, faciat non ſecus àc mobile ſuper ſpatio <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>producat, & vnitas inter repetendum efficiat numerum. </s> <s>quamobrem ſicuti prius & poſterius tempo<lb></lb>re eſt numerus mobilis, ſic tempus quod inter illa interponitur, eſt numerus motus: etenim partes mo<lb></lb>tus illo finiuntur; & per prius & poſterius, quod inſtans eſt, numerantur. </s> <s>ita vt <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> inſtans ſit velut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5036"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnitas in tempore, tempus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quemadmodum numerus. </s> <s>Sicut igitur numerus ſine vnitate <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> exiſtit, <lb></lb>nec linea ſine puncto, nec punctum contra ſine linea, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempus ſine vnitate, hoc eſt, ſine inſtan<lb></lb>ti, nec contrà inſtans ſine tempore extabunt. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò tametſi inſtans vnitatem in repetitione <lb></lb>imitatur, <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan> tamen exiſtit inter <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> diſcrimen: vnitas <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> monſtrat diſcretum, & efficit nume<lb></lb>rum quæ itidem. </s> <s>diſcreta eſt quantitas & collectio ſola vnitatum nihil habens, per quod cum alio iun<lb></lb>gatur, niſi ordinem ſolum: at inſtans non ita ſe habet; ſiquidem menſura ſit rerum continuarum: nam <lb></lb>tempus eſt continuum quiddam, & extentionem partium præ ſe gerit: quare hoc nomine punctum <lb></lb>potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vnitatem imitatur: per illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partes lineæ continuatæ redduntur, vbi ſit eiuſmodi, vt ſit ter<lb></lb>minus antecedentis; initium verò ſubſequentis; nam ſi actu ſumatur, diuidit & terminat. </s> <s>ſic igitur in<lb></lb>ſtans terminat, & continuat tempus, cùm ſit idem ſimul præteriti finis, & initium futuri: eſt item pun<lb></lb>ctum id quo linea finitur, ita vt extra illud nihil amplius lineæ ſuperſit. </s> <s>eodem modo mobile & mo<lb></lb>tus affecta ſunt: nam mobile continuat, ſi pergat moueri, & diuidit motum, ſi quieſcat (hoc eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id <lb></lb>quod dicitur, vbi mobile ſit idem non ſolùm ſubiecto, ſed ratione etiam: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ne .ſ. </s> <s>è mobili actu in mobi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5037"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>le potentia tranſmutetur, hoc eſt, maneat) eſt igitur vnitas quidem, & terminus ipſum inſtans, ſed vt in <lb></lb>continuo id habens vnitati ſimile, quae caret poſitura, qua functus <expan abbr="abũdat">abundat</expan>. </s> <s>Terminus autem in continuo <lb></lb>multipliciter accipi poteſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eo miſſo, quòd iungat; quia ſic <expan abbr="cõtinuat">continuat</expan>, dicamus de ipſo nunc, qua <pb pagenum="876"></pb>tenus habet terminandi <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diſtinguitur, quia <expan abbr="pũctus">punctus</expan> in linea poteſt eſſe, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> diuiſa eſt in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5038"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duas parteis, & id quod duplex erat in <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>, iam actu factum fuit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vnum ab altero <expan abbr="ſeiugatũ">ſeiugatum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt inter ea nulla lineæ illius pars habeatur. </s> <s>poſſumus ergo numerare puncta illa vt duo, poſſumus in li<lb></lb>nea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> puncta habere <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> finita, & numerare partes eius, non quidem re, ſed cogitatione ſecre<lb></lb>tas. </s> <s>Ita inſtans accipiendum eſt, dum numeratur, non priore ſanè modo; quoniam ſic quies eſſet: ob <lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam tempus intermitteret, <expan abbr="temporisq́">temporisque</expan>. </s> <s>priuatio ſuccederet. </s> <s>Supereſt igitur, vt ſi <expan abbr="inſtãs">inſtans</expan> ſit nu<lb></lb>merus, ſiue vnitas repetita, ſit <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> in continuo, & vnius deſignationis beneficio ſeparato, cuius par<lb></lb>tes ita ſe habeant, vt vna præcedat, altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conſequatur. </s> <s>& ſic tempus erit numerus, veluti ſi partes <lb></lb>vnius lineæ certas repeteremus ſecundùm puncta diuerſa per parteis quæ terminantur inſtantibus, ad<lb></lb>huc tamen in continuo permanentibus, nec tamen ſint partes extra totum, & per ſe ſubſiſtentes, velut <lb></lb>in quanto, quod iam reipſa diuiſum ſit. </s> <s>Ab his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> licet ferre <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> de multis temporis attributis, vtpu<lb></lb>ta, inſtans temporis partem non eſſe. </s> <s>ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> lineæ pars non eſt punctum, ſed <foreign lang="grc">διαίρεσις</foreign>, & diuiſio; ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inſtans pars <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> habenda eſt: & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> linea conſtatur ex lineis, ita tempus ex tempo<lb></lb>ribus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> deſunt alia quæ ſpectanda ſint in conſtitutione inſtantis. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit terminus, abſtrahi ne<lb></lb>quit ab eo cuius terminus eſt: nam terminus ſuapte natura diſiungi non poteſt ab eo cuius eſt termi<lb></lb>nus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò quia ſit ex iis quæ ſunt ad aliud, niſi propter figuram dictionis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> relatio illa inter<lb></lb>na, nec ad aliud quod loco & ſubiecto diſtinguatur; ſed proprium genus eſt conſecutum, illud <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5039"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd temporis eſt, vt eius terminus, ſiue principium. </s> <s>Cùm verò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> inſtans per ſui repetitionem effi<lb></lb>ciat <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> mobile efficit motum; nec quidem vt efficiens cauſſa; ſiquidem ſit mouens, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> facit, ſed formaliter, & velut vnitas numerum: inſtans, & tempus aliquas vnitatis etiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="numeriq́">numerique</expan>. </s> <s>proprietates obtinuit, & ſicuti numerus abſtrahitur à rebus ſenſilib. ſic & inſtans, & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eo <expan abbr="tẽ-pus">tem<lb></lb>pus</expan> ſeparatur à motibus ſingularibus. </s> <s>Addamus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nos hæc. </s> <s>velut vnitas mathematica & numerans <lb></lb>vna eſt, cuius repetitione numerus omnis conficitur; ſic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> inſtans & tempus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt quod accommo<lb></lb>dari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad omnia quæ tempore continentur. </s> <s>Ex his ita nunc collige <expan abbr="definitionẽ">definitionem</expan> <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>. </s> <s>Numerus mo<lb></lb>tus ſecundùm prius & poſterius, non vt diſcreti <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan>, ſed continui. </s> <s>quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> numerus erit non vt <expan abbr="di-ſcretũ">di<lb></lb>ſcretum</expan> quid, ſed continuum. </s> <s>Hæc, vt puto, loci totius explicatio facilis & certa, quæ maximè congruat <lb></lb>cum verbis contextus Ariſtotelici, ſine vlla eorum peruerſione, aut ſuſpicione maculæ. </s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> con<lb></lb>tra quoſdam qui cenſent idem inſtans ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="ſolaq́">ſolaque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione diſtinctum vt BB. bis in linea re<lb></lb>petitum, è cuius numeratione <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> oriatur, & ad id perſuadendum afferunt loca ſuperiora è quibus <lb></lb>vnum inſtans in vniuerſo tempore eſſe concludebatur: aſſero, ſi vnum ſubiecto accipiant, id ita eſſe; <lb></lb>ſed quia videntur accipere vt vnum re, & ratione diuerſum, quia bis vtamur <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan>; cùm iam ab Ariſto<lb></lb>tele ipſo negatum ſit in <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan>, & conſtanter aſſeueratum, ſic ipſum accipi debere ratione diuerſum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5040"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in prius & poſterius diſtinguatur; & tanquam duòs vnius lineæ terminos; patet ipſos apertiſsi<lb></lb>mè peccare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem definitio temporis ex eo genere, quod formale nuncupant, & ſe habet <lb></lb>ad tempus, quemadmodum ſonus in nubib. ad tonitru: quare aliis cauſsis efficienti .ſ. & ſubiecto ſup<lb></lb>plenda erit: efficiens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> accipe methaphoricè, quo poſito & tempus ipſum ponatur. </s> <s>ſubiectum verò <lb></lb>eſt ipſum mobile, hoc eſt, concretum & ſubſtantia, & habilitate ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & illud quidem in actu pro<lb></lb>ximè & præcipuè, remotè <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quod viciſsim accipit quietem, veluti ſuo loco exponetur: efficiens, & <lb></lb>cauſſa medio vacans actus imperfectus de <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> prædicamento, ad quod per ſe refertur; primò verò de <lb></lb>prædicamento ipſius vbi: in hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu poſitæ eſt ſucceſsio, vnde ducitur formalis ratio temporis. </s> <s>At <lb></lb>verò in hanc definitionem multa dici ſolent cum vniuersè, tum etiam ſigillatim contra <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> particu<lb></lb>lam. </s> <s>Etenim ex eodem prædicamento petenda ſunt definitio & definitum, ſed tempus eſt quantum: <lb></lb>at ea quæ in illius definitione ſumuntur, ad aliquid ſunt: vtputa menſura, prius ac poſterius. </s> <s>Prætereà <lb></lb>diuerſorum generum, nec ſubalternè poſitorum ſpecies & differentiæ diuerſæ ſunt: at numerus & <expan abbr="tẽ-pus">tem<lb></lb>pus</expan> ita ſe habent, vt genere diſiungantur: nam tempus eſt è. </s> <s>continuis, numerus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> è diſcretis. </s> <s>Huc ac<lb></lb>cedit, quòd definitio complecti debet omnia ſingularia: at hæc talis non eſt; quippe quòd infinitum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>cadat in numerum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan>; quia numerus & menſura ſunt rerum notarum: at infinitum igno<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5041"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratur, tempus verò infinitum eſt, quia <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> cœperit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> finem ſit habiturum. </s> <s>Nunc contra parteis in <lb></lb>definitione poſitas ſigillatim. </s> <s>Dicitur <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſſe numerus, vel menſura motus ſecundùm prius & po<lb></lb>ſterius. </s> <s>Primùm contra id quòd numerus ſit, aut menſura generatim: quia volunt hæc omnia eſſe per<lb></lb>ſpicua; ſed tempus naſcitur; tùm quia ſit infinitum; tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd per aliud noteſcat, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> per inſtans; <lb></lb>hoc verò per mobilis ipſius actum; & ignotum <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſt, non <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> ſuapte natura; quia poſterius <expan abbr="quid-dã">quid<lb></lb>dam</expan> eſt, & effectum, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quò ad nos. </s> <s>Deinde ſeorſum; quia non videtur eſſe numerus numeratus: <lb></lb>quoniam quod primò numeratur, is eſt motus. </s> <s>numeratur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à tempore; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic non qua numera<lb></lb>tus, licèt reipſa numeratus eſſet; quia ſic non diſtingueretur à diſcreto. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat, ſi dixeris eum eſſe <lb></lb>numerum partium continuarum, proptereà continuum: quia <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> numerus omnis erit continuus, eo <lb></lb>quae continua ſolùm, <expan abbr="proprièq́">proprièque</expan>. </s> <s>numerantur. </s> <s>Quòd idem non ſit menſura, ex eo perſuaderi poteſt; quo<lb></lb>niam hæc eſt minima & indiuidua; tempus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & diuiduum, & infinitum: quamobrem <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> in ip<lb></lb>ſo non exiſtit. </s> <s>Adhæc diluenda prænotare nonnulla oportet, quorum primum pertinet generaliter ad <lb></lb>ſtructuram definitionis: eiuſmodi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aſsignanda eſt, vt rei naturam & eſſentiam explicet: ea verò du<lb></lb>plex eſt, aut <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan>, aut accidentium: illa quidem ſimplex eſt, & vnico prædicamento contenta <lb></lb>ſub quo comprehenditur definitum, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt abſoluta. </s> <s>hæc verò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimplex; neque abſoluta eſt, <lb></lb>quando accidens, quatenus huiuſmodi, ſemper affert habitudinem ad ſubſtantiam & ſubiectum. <pb pagenum="877"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5042"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quoniam ergo natura accidentis perficitur à ſubiecto, ob id illius definitio tranſilit prædicamentum <lb></lb>in quo res ipſa definienda collocatur, & poſtulat generatim ſubſtantiam, ſeu ſubiectum: quapropter <lb></lb>etiam dicitur ea definitio tradi per additamentum. </s> <s>Sunt & ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quæ præter habitudinem ad ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam, ad alia item genera referuntur, vt finitum & infinitum ad quantum. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam illorum aſ<lb></lb>ſumptione eiuſmodi rerum definitio completur. </s> <s>Alterum verò quod præponendum eſt, illud eſt; tem<lb></lb>pus ipſum reſpondere duob. </s> <s>generibus motuum, cœleſti videlicet & noſtrati, ac menſuram vtriuſque <lb></lb>perhiberi. </s> <s>Tertium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quod accipiendum eſt. </s> <s>Numerum ita diuidi, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> numurans, vt duitas & <lb></lb>ternio, aut vt numeratus, veluti duo & tria quæ ſignificant ſubiectum: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic, aut eorum quæ per ſe <lb></lb>diſtinguuntur, aut per qualitatem: rurſus eorum quæ per ſe diſtinguuntur; vel quia ſubiecto ſeparen<lb></lb>tur, vt homines; vel cogitatione, veluti palmus in digitos. </s> <s>eorum verò quæ per qualitatem ſeiugantur; <lb></lb>vtputa, partes hominis; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aut eſt actu vt decem, aut poteſtate & per ſucceſsionem, & actum numeran<lb></lb>di. </s> <s>Ex prima hypotheſi tolluntur illæ duæ primæ obiectiones: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alia præter <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> aſſumuntur, <lb></lb>ad quæ tempus aliquo pacto refertur, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> acceſsione eſſentiæ ſuæ perfectionem conſequitur: <expan abbr="quã-obrem">quam<lb></lb>obrem</expan> illa <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> comprehendi oportet in eius definitione. </s> <s>Ex ſecunda verò profligantur illa quæ ſub<lb></lb>ſequuntur: nam ſi <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> motu cœleſti conferatur, ignotius illo eſt; & poſterius, & habet rationem <lb></lb>potius, vt per eum de ipſo certiores reddamur, quo item metimur tempus: at ſi cum reliquis motibus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5043"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>comparetur, eſt illis notius, & prius. </s> <s>idcirco nos de motibus hiſce reddimur certiores per tempus: no<lb></lb>uimus enim quantus ſit hic motus per temporis quantitatem; ſed certò ſcitur quantitas temporis ex <lb></lb>quantitate motus cœleſtis. </s> <s>At cùm Ariſtoteles hoc loco tempus conferat cum motu ſimpliciter, non <lb></lb>autem cum cœleſti; accipit ipſum tanquam notius & <expan abbr="meſurã">menſuram</expan>, quanuis hîc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> opponas <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> noteſce<lb></lb>re per inſtans, hoc verò per mobile in actu; id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Rñdeo">Reſpondeo</expan> per mobile in actu cognoſci tps, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>; quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſine ipſo, ſed p ipſum ſimpliciter, nego; ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quoad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>; <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> quo ad <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan>, & <expan abbr="extẽ-tionem">exten<lb></lb>tionem</expan>, cuius menſura tempus eſt: neque idem abſolutè ſunt mobile in actu, & motus ex modo <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> <lb></lb>quo concipiuntur ab anima noſtra; ſicuti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idem eſt albedo & album: ita vt non neceſſariò <expan abbr="ſequat̃">ſequatur</expan>, <lb></lb>hoc cognoſcitur per album: ergo & per albedinem ſimpliciter, quòd <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan> aliquid prętereà ſignificat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad ea verò, quæ à numeri natura petita fuerunt, dicimus eſſe <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="numeratũ">numeratum</expan> partium .ſ. </s> <s>motus quæ <lb></lb>tantùm qualitate ſeparantur, ſecundùm prius & poſterius, partium continuatione ſaluata cuius eſt ſuc<lb></lb>ceſsio in infinitum: ideò quia non re ipſa talis diuiſio pręſtatur; animę <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> officium requiritur quę <lb></lb>numeret; licèt inter <expan abbr="numerandũ">numerandum</expan> mobili tanquam vnitate vti cogatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò obſtat, ſi fuerit con<lb></lb>tinuorum, vt credas etiam ipſum fore <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> continuorum non ſimpliciter, ſed quatenus in <lb></lb>ipſis notatur aliqua diſtinctio quam reipſa notat mobile, ſed tamen, vt degeneret in <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, vbi animad<lb></lb>uertatur ab anima: numerus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> impropriè ab actu ipſius animæ numerantis: nam propriè numerus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5044"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad minus duo ſunt; quanuis numerus verè tria ponantur: vult <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> numerus augeri, ſi multiplicetur, & <lb></lb>in ſe ductus efficere <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>, quàm ſi dupliciter. </s> <s>noli verò dicere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> aliqui è Grę<lb></lb>cis, numerum dici, quia præſeferat <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> arithmeticę vnitatis, & rei numeratæ, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nihil <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe foret vnius, & rei numeratæ <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> ſemper in ſe habens. </s> <s>Ad vltimi ſolutionem ſcire licet <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> ſpectari poſſe, aut tanquam cogitatione ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſpecie ſecretum, aut ad certas ſpecies contractum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, ſed vt <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſpeciei <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>. </s> <s>certè, ſi vt contractum accipiatur, eſt <expan abbr="termina-tũ">termina<lb></lb>tum</expan>, & habet <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> & minimum; ſicut anteà diximus, vbi de rerum naturalium periodis actum eſt, <lb></lb>quòd ſi vt ſecretum ſumatur, per ſe infinitum eſt, ſed tamen, non ſic accipitur, cùm vſurpatur pro men<lb></lb>ſura: accipitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> eius pars quæ primò ſenſilis eſt, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi non ex ipſa re, ſaltem quia talis ſentiri <lb></lb><expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>; ea nos poſteà metimur <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>; quod' nam verò ſit hoc <expan abbr="minimũ">minimum</expan> ſenſile, <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> à nobis eſt alio loco.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5036"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5037"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 105.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5038"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5039"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5040"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5041"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5042"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5043"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5044"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſſę quęruntur multarum proprietatum quę tempore adſcribuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXCITABIT cuipiam fortè admirationem, quae tempus multum dicatur breue & longum; mini<lb></lb>mè <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> velox & tardum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fortaſſe talis differentiæ cauſſa perſpicua ſatis eſt. </s> <s>Videtur verò pen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5045"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dere ab ancipiti illa natura quam à numero & continuo tempus impetrauit; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> ab hoc habeat, quae <lb></lb>breue longumúe ſit; ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iſtæ proprietates continui. </s> <s>Sed quoniam <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> item eſt repetitio partium <lb></lb><expan abbr="continuarũ">continuarum</expan>, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> numerus cui multa & pauca tribuuntur; idcirco <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> paucumúe <lb></lb>nominatur: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> verò eſt repetitio continui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed tamen vt numeret eius <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> inæ<lb></lb>qualitate <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſecreta quæ conſpicitur in motu, vnde velox <expan abbr="tardumq́">tardumque</expan>. </s> <s>naſcuntur; hinc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> efficitur, vt <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> velox, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="tardũ">tardum</expan>, niſi fortaſſe metaphoricè nuncupetur à poëtis, qui <expan abbr="fugã">fugam</expan> illi adſcribunt, & <lb></lb>alas addunt, & ſæpè fugax appellant. </s> <s>Ita verò <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> explico ab Ariſt. </s> <s>allatam: nam ſecus ſi dixerimus, <lb></lb>non video, cur dubitatio Philoponi non habeat locum. </s> <s>Etenim ſi <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſſet numerus numerans, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> <lb></lb>careret velocitate & tarditate, ſed cùm ſit numerus numeratus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> magnitudinis, & exten<lb></lb>tionis <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> velox <expan abbr="tardumq́">tardumque</expan>. </s> <s>conſequuntur: etiamſi quà numerus veloci & tardo careret; at illa certè <lb></lb>haberet, quatenus comitatur extentioni motus. </s> <s>Neque ſufficit id dicere quod aiunt; quidam <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> continui, quà <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan> eſt: id verò non eſt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> velox, neque tardum, quia præterquàm quae <lb></lb>diuerſa eſt cauſſa quæ in hoc problemate affertur ab Ariſtotelica: nam tribuit hoc <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>numero, <lb></lb>non continuo; huic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> velox & <expan abbr="tardũ">tardum</expan> minimè repugnant: ideò quà numerus eſt continui ſimplici<lb></lb>ter. </s> <s>i. ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> inæ qualitate ſeparati, habet id <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, vt neque velox, neque <expan abbr="tardũ">tardum</expan> appelletur. </s> <s>Neque illud ſine <lb></lb>animaduerſione prætereundum, quae habeat partes non <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſimul, ſed quia fiant aſsiduè; cùm pars altera <pb pagenum="878"></pb><expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> effluxerit, altera inſtet; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & id à motu proficiſcitur, cuius numerus eſt <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>: etenim & ille eo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5046"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="dẽ">dem</expan> modo ſe habet, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit actus imperfectus. </s> <s>At illud herclè admirabile, quae etſi partes iſtas <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> va<lb></lb>riatas habet; at <expan abbr="eædẽ">eædem</expan> redire videntur, vt dies, menſis, & annus: quandoquidem <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> motui <expan abbr="comitat̃">comitatur</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cœleſti; ea verò eſt conuerſio: quare certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> ſpatiis interpoſitis idem reuertitur <lb></lb>partim ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, partim <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>: hoc ſanè, quae <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> prorſus non eſt, quod aliquo <lb></lb>modo defecit; illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> pręterito ſemper continuatur, veluti ſuprà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Sufficiat modò <lb></lb>nobis illum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ire & redire, & in ſe commeare: quapropter <foreign lang="grc">ἐνιαυτὸν</foreign> Græci, annum Latini à circui<lb></lb>tu nuncuparunt, atque illum à <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> adumbrari: proinde ex varia mobilis illius habitudine diuerſas <lb></lb>anni <expan abbr="tẽpeſtates">tempeſtates</expan> exortas, primùm veris, deinceps æſtatis, mox autumni, hinc hyemis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iterum veris; <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ſemel, aut iterum, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in infinitum, vt placuit Ariſtoteli. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> vetat, quominus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <lb></lb>apud <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eſſe credamus, quia <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> partes <expan abbr="eædẽ">eædem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint, aut apud nos ſemper, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nunc apud alios: <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hyems hîc ſit, apud antichthonas æſtas exiſtit: nam <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> abſolutè notat, vt ſæpius diximus, <expan abbr="il-lã">il<lb></lb>lam</expan> productionem, ſiue <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan> in motu; qualitatis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> quibus tempora diſtinguuntur, ex motu <lb></lb>originem ducunt, & <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> tempus eſt menſura motus illius; ex hoc <expan abbr="efficit̃">efficitur</expan>, vt qualitates ipſæ transfe<lb></lb>rantur ad <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>. </s> <s>Idcirco ver & autumnus, non tempus ſolùm ſignificant, ſed vnà cum <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> indicant <lb></lb><expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="cõplexionem">complexionem</expan> <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan>, & <expan abbr="notã">notam</expan> præſegerunt <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> temporis quod reuertitur, in reditu qualita<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5047"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan>, quas affert motus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> tempore illo congruentes. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> tempus eſt menſura motus, <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contrà motus <expan abbr="metit̃">metitur</expan> tempus; ita vt veluti <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> motus tempore cognoſcimus; ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tem<lb></lb>poris quantitatem per motum luſtrare liceat, vt ſi fluat clepſydra, non minus indicat nobis vnius horę <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>, ac tempus ſignificet nobis illius <expan abbr="fluxũ">fluxum</expan> vnius horæ fuiſſe: inter ſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pariter reſpondent tempus <lb></lb>& motus, <expan abbr="eiſdemq.">eiſdemque</expan> finibus clauduntur, priori nimirùm ac poſteriori, quod apparet in mobili, dum <expan abbr="ſpa-tiũ">ſpa<lb></lb>tium</expan> peragrat: quamobrem <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pares appellationes obtinuerunt: quandò <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> & paucum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> dici<lb></lb>mus, <expan abbr="ſimiliq́">ſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> & paucum tempus, & quo pacto <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> fuiſſe cognoſcimus ex eo, quae <lb></lb>in multo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> factus ſit; ſic <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> temporis interceſsiſſe percipimus, quia motus fuerit multus. </s> <s>Ecce, <lb></lb>inquit hic ſe in itinere fuiſſe per <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> dies; at nos eum ſtatim <expan abbr="longũ">longum</expan> iter permenſum fuiſſe ſuſpicamur, <lb></lb>& contrà ſiquis dicat ſe quingenta <expan abbr="paſsuũ">paſsuum</expan> millia <expan abbr="lõgè">longè</expan> veniſſe; multos dies in itinere poſuiſſe credimus. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id abſurdum, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fortaſſe nouum; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> item <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> menſuræ <expan abbr="numeriq́">numerique</expan>. </s> <s>noteſcant ex re<lb></lb>bus quas metimur, & res contrà, quas metimur ex numeris ipſis cognoſcantur: noui <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quot vlnas <expan abbr="cõ-tinet">con<lb></lb>tinet</expan> pannus per <expan abbr="vlnã">vlnam</expan> ipſam; noui <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ex replicatione <expan abbr="vlnarũ">vlnarum</expan> panni, & vini ſextarium, quia tantum vini <lb></lb>capiat, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> in altero ſextario continebatur, & <expan abbr="equorũ">equorum</expan> numerum concipio, ſi mihi nuncietur eos eſ<lb></lb>ſe decem, atque item vno equo reliquos numerare poſſum, quia <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> tot equi ſint, vnus, duo, tres, & <lb></lb>deinceps <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad decem. </s> <s>huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> euenti <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſatis eſt perſpicua, <expan abbr="magnamq́">magnamque</expan>. </s> <s>habet veriſimilitudinem: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5048"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> inter ſe <expan abbr="comitãtur">comitantur</expan> magnitudo, motus & <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> in eo, quae ſunt quanta, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>continua, & in <expan abbr="in-finitũ">in<lb></lb>finitum</expan> ſecari poſſunt, hoc ipſo ordine: nam quia magnitudo ſuper quam fit motus, eſt talis, & motum <lb></lb><expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> eſſe oportet, ac <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> conſequitur motum. </s> <s>Ergo ſicut <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> motu, & motum magnitudine <lb></lb>metimur: ſic <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> tempore & motu viciſsim <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> explorare licet: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò, vt optimè dixeris <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> temporis <expan abbr="elenchũ">elenchum</expan>, veluti teſtabatur Auerroës: dicimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> multum, ſicut iter <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan>; <lb></lb>quia per multum <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="confectũ">confectum</expan> ſit, & multum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſpatium, quia <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> iter: ſic multum motum, <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> temporis in eo <expan abbr="poſitũ">poſitum</expan> fuerit, & temporis <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan>, quia motus fuerit multus. </s> <s>Sed hęc optimè <lb></lb>patebunt, ſi motus <expan abbr="accipiat̃">accipiatur</expan> æquabilis, qui maximè talis eſt in cœlo, vnde temporis <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> ducitur, quo <lb></lb>metimur omnes motus. </s> <s>Veruntamen adhuc obſcurum eſſe poteſt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſuſcipiatur ratio me<lb></lb>tiendi: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nam <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> continui, quale iam oſtendimus eſſe tempus, in eo poſita eſt, vt in partes diuidatur, eæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5049"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò metiuntur totum. </s> <s>Illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratio menſuræ <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt, vt in eodem genere collocetur cum eo <lb></lb>cuius eſt; vnitate <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & numero <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, & linea <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> <expan abbr="planoq́">planoque</expan>. </s> <s>planu metimur. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> igitur non ſit <lb></lb>pars motus, nec item generis eiuſdem: <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> ergo tempus menſura totius motus eſſe poterit? </s> <s>Memini <lb></lb>me <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> aliqua de menſura diſputaſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oſtendiſſe <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ea poſsit ad idem genus refer<lb></lb>ri: nam relatio illa non ita preſſa eſt, vt accipiunt mathematici: latiorem primus philoſophus, ac phy<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5050"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſicus adhibent: <expan abbr="eiſq.">eiſque</expan> ſat eſt, ſi quo pacto in eodem genere reponatur, vel vt eius <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan>, ſicut vnitas eſt <lb></lb>numeri, vel etiam quae eadem figura dictionis exprimatur, vt Deus, quam ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> facimus; <lb></lb>ſiue etiam quae in id reſoluatur, quod ſit eiuſdem generis, vt corpus in <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan>: nam per <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> noteſcit quan<lb></lb>titas eius. </s> <s>Eſt & aliud nouum genus menſuræ, quod pars ipſius rei non eſt, vt modius ligneus qui eſt <lb></lb>menſura frumenti. </s> <s>genus hoc menſuræ nomine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ſeparato Græci vocant <foreign lang="grc">ἐξαίρετον</foreign>, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">ἐξηρημέ<lb></lb>νον</foreign>, hoc eſt, alienum, & ſecretum. </s> <s>Quod igitur attinet ad quæſtionem <expan abbr="propoſitã">propoſitam</expan>; ſcire licet tempus <lb></lb>metiri vniuerſum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quia definiat parteis motus eo modo quo fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nec certè aliter àc, ſi vlna li<lb></lb>gnea primùm metirer vlnam panni; deinde abiecta lignea vlna eiuſdem panni; reliquum permetiret. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non eſt igitur idem prorſus genus id quod metimur, & quo; ſed è poſtremò illo genere menſurę quod <lb></lb>ſecretum dicimus: vnde conſecutus eſt etiam motus, quae in tempore collocetur; nam tempus ipſum me<lb></lb>titur: idcirco <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="terminat̃">terminatur</expan>, & ab eo <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm huic ipſi ambitui motus expoſitus eſt; <lb></lb>verùm & id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan>, eſſe motum. </s> <s>Nam quae repetita menſura debeat ſuperare quantitatem eius, <lb></lb>quod metimur, aliter <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, & ignotum foret; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>continere, cuiuſque menſuræ proprium eſt, ſed <lb></lb>quòd eſſentia cuiuſpiam ex menſura noſcatur, præterquàm ex actu & eo quod perfectiſsimum ſit, no<lb></lb>uum hoc, & mirabile videatur: quinetiam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> facilè ſit explicatu: proinde præmonſtratoris operam <lb></lb>poſtulat quam proximè in eo ponere conſtitui. </s> <s><pb pagenum="879"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5051"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5045"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5046"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5047"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5048"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5049"></margin.target>a Eucl. 7. <lb></lb>Elem. <lb></lb></s> <s>10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5050"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5051"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quot modis accipiatur id quod dicitur eſſe in tempore, & vt eſſe motui ſit in tempore. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XL<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>INSTAT nunc, vt explicemus, quotuplex ſit id quod dicimus eſſe in tempore, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ita ſuccedet, <lb></lb>vt nonmodò noſcamus <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> motus in tempore ſit, verum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> id quod dicitur eſſe motui. <lb></lb></s> <s>id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> totuplex eſſe videtur, quotuplex illud eſt quod eſt eſſe in numero: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> huiuſmodi, vel quae vnà <lb></lb>cum ipſo numero exiſtat, vel vt aliquid numeri, ſeu pars, vt vnitas, ſiue affectio, vt par. </s> <s>Dicitur item ali<lb></lb>quid eſſe in numero, quia contineatur ab aliquo numero; vt, quia plures equi numero denario conti<lb></lb>neantur: ita & eſſe in tempore, vel quia ſit, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> tempus eſt, vel quia ſit vt temporis aliquid, aut pars, vt <lb></lb>hora diei, vel terminus, vt in ſtans; vel affectio, ſicuti prius & poſterius, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd eius eſſe <expan abbr="cõtinea-tur">continea<lb></lb>tur</expan> à tempore, quia .ſ. </s> <s>ab illo, ſicuti corpus à loco, circunſcribatur. </s> <s>Si igitur illa in tempore eſſe <expan abbr="dicũtur">dicuntur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoruncunq.">quoruncunque</expan> eſſe continetur à tempore, & ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> motus in tempore collocatur, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> tempus <lb></lb>eius eſſe metitur, & alia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in tempore ſint neceſſe eſt; ſi illorum eſſe <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> metiatur: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conuin<lb></lb>cit argumentum à definitione ad definitum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id non in <expan abbr="prõptu">promptu</expan> eſt ediſſerere, quo pacto illorum <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="cõtineatur">contineatur</expan> à tempore, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> certi ex Gręcis auctoribus afferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> in motu eius eſſe, ac <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ipſum pro <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> acceperunt: vel quae eſſe motui (iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τὸ εἷναι</foreign>, quod alibi eſſentiam ſignificat in <lb></lb>re dubia <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> ſignificatum ſeruans eſſe conuerto) cum ſucceſsione ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſit eſſe motui, ſuc<lb></lb>ceſsio nimirùm. </s> <s>Tum etiam quae in ſimplicibus idem ſit res & eſſe motus <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> cùm ſit res <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> ſimplex; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5052"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>idcircò idem eſſe <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan> eſſe motui, & eſſe motum: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> opinati ſunt eſſe ipſi motui & <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> à tempore contineri. </s> <s>Sed non aduertunt Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> teſtari de aliis rebus eas eſſe in tempore, & <expan abbr="ea-rũ">ea<lb></lb>rum</expan> eſſe à tempore <expan abbr="cõtineri">contineri</expan> in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> tamen ſucceſsio nulla <expan abbr="ſpectat̃">ſpectatur</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> permanent: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & homo <lb></lb>tempore continetur. </s> <s>Quin etiam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> motus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> homo quæ in tempore ponimus, & eorum eſſe tem<lb></lb>pus metiri volumus, ſunt res ſimplices, cùm ex actu & poteſtate conſtitutæ ſint. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> acci<lb></lb>dens nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſimplicem obtinuit eſſentiam, cùm ex additamento <expan abbr="definiendũ">definiendum</expan> ſit, & per ſubiectum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ponunt inſuper <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> inter ſimplicia & <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, quod pertinet ad id quod eſſe <expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan>, & <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>; <lb></lb>cùm idem eueniat in <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ à materia ſenſili ſeiuncta ſunt, ſiue conſtent ex ea ſiue prorſus ab ea ſecer<lb></lb>nantur, vt contingit mentib. beatiſsimis. </s> <s>nam & homo ſimpliciter, vbi mentis opera ſeuocetur ab indi<lb></lb>uiduis, & ab illo materiæ genere quod toto poſterius eſſe dicimus, idem cum ſua eſſentia prorſus eſt; <lb></lb>id diſcriminis intercedit, quae eius eſſentia conſtat ex materia quam ſeparatorum <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> penitus <expan abbr="arceãt">arceant</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd eſſe alicui ideſt, eſſentia ſimpliciter extra <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> temporis <expan abbr="aleã">aleam</expan> collocatur: idcirco <expan abbr="demõ-ſtrationi">demon<lb></lb>ſtrationi</expan> <expan abbr="definitioniq́">definitionique</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiicitur, & <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> mutationis expers eſt, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> talis ſit eſſentia motus. </s> <s>Nec vllo <lb></lb>pacto iuduci poſſem, vt <expan abbr="crederẽ">crederem</expan> motus <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> à tempore comprehendi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi eius eſſentia con<lb></lb>tinet ſucceſsionem, vnde <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> exiſtit; at eſt ſucceſsio ſanè in ipſo mobili, & in materia; in eſſentia nul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5053"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>la ſucceſsio, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab illa ſucceſsio ſine ſucceſsione concipiatur; noſti <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & meminiſti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe in ma<lb></lb>teria, <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> in mente, definitionem in voce, & definitione explicari <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> quæ eſt in mente, <expan abbr="tãquàm">tanquàm</expan> <lb></lb>ſigno <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> eſſe ſimilitudinem formę quę eſt in materia, ſed cùm ſeparabilis ſit ab hac, & illa materia <lb></lb>non ſanè à materia ſimpliciter; accipi à mente ſine hac & illa materia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen ſine materia ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, quae ab intelligenda materia non eſt ſeparabilis. </s> <s>Igitur etſi forma eſt in hac, vel illa materia, & cùm <lb></lb>in ea ſit, per interitum ipſo non eſſe terminetur; eſſentia ſine tali materia <expan abbr="cõprehendit̃">comprehenditur</expan> à mente, & quan<lb></lb>uis id cuius eſt ſimulachrum ſit vel ſucceſsio, vel cum ſucceſsione, vt ſimulachrum <foreign lang="grc">ἑνοειδῶς</foreign> ſe habet, <lb></lb>& eſt vnà totum; refert certè id quod in ſucceſsione conſiſtit, ſed ipſum caret ſucceſsione. </s> <s>ideò cùm ar<lb></lb>ceat <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ſucceſsionem, & à conditionibus materiæ ſegregetur quæ ſunt locus & tempus; nullo modo <lb></lb>eſt obnoxia tempori. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſumerẽ">ſumerem</expan> pro eo quod eſt exiſtere: hoc eſt, vbi è ſinu <lb></lb>efficientis in materiam ſenſilem erupit forma <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe illud eſt quod ſubiicitur mutationi, <lb></lb>cùm ſit in materia ſenſili, claudatur terminis temporis, & habeat certas periodos. </s> <s>Hoc igitur eſſe illud <lb></lb>eſt quod eſſe in motu cum ſucceſsione cuius beneficio motus obtinet prius & poſterius. </s> <s>Illud <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> alie<lb></lb>num ſignificatum eius quod eſt eſſe in tempore, dum <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſt: nam <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> eſt multò <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod in <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> propriè conſtituimus, quemadmodum impropria notio eſt eius quod eſt eſſe in loco ſolùm <expan abbr="qñ">quin</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5054"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>locus eſt, quia ſic <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> ſiue <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, ſeu partibile, ſiue pars, ſeu totum, foret in loco, & cęlum <lb></lb>dici poſſet eſſe in grano milij, quia cum illo vnà exiſtit. </s> <s>Quare maximè in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> illud eſt quod à <expan abbr="tẽpo-re">tempo<lb></lb>re</expan> continetur. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ita dicitur, eſt in numero propriè quod ab illo continetur & ſuperatur; <lb></lb>ita id quod eſt in tempore ſuperari oportet à tempore, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> illud ſit ſeorſum acceptum: <expan abbr="ſuperat̃">ſuperatur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> à numero, quia numerando procedere poſſumus in infinitum, hoc eſt, ſemper accipiendo maius <lb></lb>ſic etiam tempori deſignato aliud in infinitum ſuccedit; <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>par eſt temporis, & numeri, & loci: <lb></lb>oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> locum ſuperare. </s> <s>i. eſſe extra locatum, non eſſe .ſ. </s> <s>partem locati, aut quia corpus eſt cuius ex<lb></lb>tremum quod intra eſt, eſt locus. </s> <s>Ita ea quæ oriuntur & intereunt, perſpicuè in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> exiſtunt: con<lb></lb>tinentur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à tempore, & ab ipſo ſuperantur, ſed illa prætereà quæ ſunt in tempore, afficiuntur ab ipſo, <lb></lb>ita vt <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> ad interitum <expan abbr="perducant̃">perducantur</expan>, & certè ſatis cum rerum natura congruenter: nam ſi illorum eſ<lb></lb>ſe à tempore ſuperari oportet; ergo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> deficere. </s> <s>Rem verò ita eſſe teſtatur communis <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſenten<lb></lb>tia quam de tempore concepimus: quippe quae ita effari ſoleant, hæc tempore conſenuiſſe, contabuiſſe, <lb></lb>& tempus obliuioſum vocent: nam ſingula longiore <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> tractu deficiunt, & cuncta obliuione ob<lb></lb>ruuntur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> proinde in tanta temporis diuturnitate latent multa quæ antè hac euenerunt, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> illa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5055"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tempori adſcribimus quæ minentur <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> cui temporis exuperatio comitatur, & illi oppoſita dene<lb></lb>gamus, vt quòd innouatum tempore fuerit, & quòd tempore adoleuerit, & quòd ſcientiam fecerit, aut <pb pagenum="880"></pb>ſi tempori hæc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aſsignantur: legimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum <foreign lang="grc">πὰντων βασανηστὴν</foreign>, ideſt, omnium exploratorem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5056"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>appellatum, atque vſum magiſtrum optimum, hic verò tempore comparatur; ita etiam artes omnes <lb></lb>tempore ad ſummum fuiſſe prouectas: at hoc infrequens admodùm eſt, & à ſapientibus potius, quàm <lb></lb>à vulgo perhibetur. </s> <s>Idcircò Simonides appellauit <foreign lang="grc">ἠμέρας σοφωτάτας</foreign> ideſt, dies ſapientiſsimos, & hoc <lb></lb>idem docuit Plato in iis verſibus, qui in eam ſententiam leguntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5052"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5053"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5054"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5055"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5056"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Αιὼν πάντα φερει, δολιχὸς χρόνος οἷδεν ἀμείβειν<lb></lb> Τ' οὔνομα, καὶ τὴν μορφὴν, καὶ φύσιν, ε' χδὲ τύχην</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cuncta tulit, <expan abbr="nouitq́">nouitque</expan>. </s> <s>vicem conuoluere tempus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Nominis & formæ, fortis, & ingenij<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Proinde Saturnum tempori præfecerunt qui curſum & conuerſionem ſpatiorum, ac <expan abbr="tẽporum">temporum</expan> conti<lb></lb>neret, quem <foreign lang="grc">χρόνον</foreign> Græci vocabant, qui item eſt <foreign lang="grc">χρόνος</foreign> temporis ſpatium. </s> <s>Saturnum verò Latini, quae <lb></lb>ſaturetur annis. </s> <s>ex ſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natos comeſſe fingitur ſolitus, quia <expan abbr="cõſumit">conſumit</expan> ætas temporum ſpatia, <expan abbr="anniſq́">anniſque</expan>. </s> <s>prę<lb></lb>teritis inſaturabiliter expletur; quare ne immoderatos habeat curſus à Ioue vinctum fuiſſe prędicant, <lb></lb>& Latini noſtri ſic.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tempus edax rerum, <expan abbr="tuq́">tuque</expan>. </s> <s>inuidioſa vetuſſas</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Omnia destruitis, <expan abbr="vitiataq́">vitiataque</expan>. </s> <s>dentibus æui</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Paullatim lenta conſumitis omnia morte<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5057"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5057"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> Paron Pythagoręus indoctiſsimum tempus appellabat, ſiue ille fuerit, de quo meminit item Phi<lb></lb>loſophus, <expan abbr="Ateniẽſis">Atenienſis</expan>, qui cum Heraclide fratre Cotyn interemit, vt <expan abbr="patrẽ">patrem</expan> vlciſceretur, ſiue alius <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> <lb></lb>nihil refert, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">παρὼν</foreign>, ideſt, præſens, vt inepte <expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan> contra veteres Ariſt. </s> <s>interpretes legi voluere; <lb></lb>quaſi <foreign lang="grc">παρὼν</foreign>, non ſit ex eorum ordine quæ ſunt ad aliud, & intelligendum ſit vbi, & <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aut Philoſo<lb></lb>phi ſingularia perſequantur, aut ex proprio nomine viri maior dicto non <expan abbr="cõparetur">comparetur</expan> auctoritas. </s> <s>Et quan<lb></lb>uis nil interire poſsit, quin protinus aliud gignatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> interitus inſtituatur ad ortum; nihilominus in<lb></lb>teritus ei magis, quàm ortus adſcribitur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> par eſt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, quòd nihil à ſe ipſo gignitur, ſed <lb></lb>id ſemper oportet præſtò eſſe quod actu cùm ſit, ex eo quod eſt poteſtate, faciat illud actu eſſe per ge<lb></lb>nerationem: at aliquid ex ſe ipſo interit, aut apparet interire, veluti mixta illa quæ naturaliter, & per <lb></lb><expan abbr="putredinẽ">putredinem</expan> corrumpuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi etiam nihil à ſeipſo interimitur, niſi fortè per accidens, vt ignis: <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſupra modum naturę ordini <expan abbr="conſilioq́">conſilioque</expan>. </s> <s>repugnaret, cùm <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſtudeant, vt ſint, quantum fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>& ambiens excitat mixta ad putredinem, quia latet opera <expan abbr="ambiẽtis">ambientis</expan>, ſeu propter diſsimilitudinem, ſiue <lb></lb>quòd non minus adiuuet, quàm damno afficiat; ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quia longo temporis tractu commoueat, aut <lb></lb>quia mixtorum interitus ſuapte natura putredine terminatur, interitus ille cauſſæ internæ <expan abbr="temporiq́">temporique</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>tribuitur. </s> <s>Neque obſtat quae ſit generatio ex putri in qua nulla appareat gignentis efficacitas, quòd hæc <arrow.to.target n="marg5058"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex putri multò rarius generari contingit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illa quæ ex ſeipſis interire videntur. </s> <s>Accedit eodem quòd <lb></lb>manifeſtior eſt illa mutatio ad interitum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan>. </s> <s>etenim id quod interit, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt actu, & ſenſibus ſeſe <lb></lb>ſubiicit: at quod oritur, nihil eſt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> niſi <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſola cognoſcitur: idcirco interitus ipſi tempori adſcri<lb></lb>bitur à multitudine quæ <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> corticem ſpectans, non intrat earum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> re uera per ſe nulla actio <lb></lb>tempori tribuenda eſt; cùm ſit menſura <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, non ſecus àc nulla actio ſit vlnæ concedenda, quae tametſi <lb></lb>forent ſexcentæ vlnæ huiuſmodi, non idcirco nos calefacerent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actio vel proximè, vel remotè à <lb></lb>contrario, ſiue actu, ſeu virtute proficiſcatur, nec niſi, quatenus aliquo temporis curſu corrumpentia <lb></lb>videntur afficere. </s> <s>Quicquid tamen ſit; patet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> animum noſtrum eò propendére, vt credat tempus <lb></lb>ea ſuperare quæ ſunt in tempore. </s> <s>Ex quo item aliud aſſeri liceat, ea quæ ſemper ſunt, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, <lb></lb>non eſſe in temporè, quia non ſuperentur à tempore; nec tempus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſſe metiri poſsit: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> æterna <lb></lb>ponuntur: eorum igitur vita ſuperat <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> terminos temporis: prætereà ſunt id quod ſunt, in eodem ve<lb></lb>ſtigio temporis, nec ſuſtinet eiuſmodi natura <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>, aut <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan> cuius <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> tempus eſſe nu<lb></lb>per audiuimus: quia .ſ. </s> <s>aliud rerum genus, quàm noſtratium ſit; alienum ſit à potentia <expan abbr="cõtradictionis">contradictionis</expan>, <lb></lb>quanuis ſit corpus, vt cęlum, vel quia careat <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> materia, cuiuſmodi ſunt mentes illæ beatiſsimæ quæ <lb></lb>à nobis longè migrarunt, quibus pro tempore quid <expan abbr="præſtãtius">præſtantius</expan> attribuimus <foreign lang="grc">αἰῶνα</foreign> vocantes, quam men<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5059"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuram facimus æternę ſubſtantiæ, quatenus æterna eſt, quæ idem eſt àc vita ſine vlla perturbatione, vel <lb></lb>macula beatitudinis, ex toto eadem permanens, de qua non licet eadem, ac de noſtra prædicare. </s> <s>nos <lb></lb>enim ætate & annis ingraueſcimus, & ad extremum peruenimus ad interitum: manent illa per infini<lb></lb>ta ſęcula, quippe quæ nulla re aliena, noxiaúe tangantur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5058"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5059"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De æuo nonnulla Peripateticè diſſeruntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM quoniam eò peruenimus, vt de æuo mentionem faceremus, & ad ea percipienda quæ <lb></lb>aggreſsi ſumus, ipſius ſpeculatio conſeret; age & de illo nunc aliqua dicamus; quaten iis tamen Pe<lb></lb>ripateticę philoſophiæ merita patientur. </s> <s>AEui igitur quem <foreign lang="grc">αἰῶνα</foreign> Græci vocant, ſęcula M. Tullius, na<lb></lb>tura multiplex eſt: nam ſignificat primum vitæ decurſum <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <expan abbr="viuẽtis">viuentis</expan> ſecundum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, vltra <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="extẽdere">extendere</expan> <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> non licet, velut in homine ſpatium C X. annorum ætatem dicere queas, vnde breuis æui, <lb></lb>ac longęua nuncupantur <foreign lang="grc">βραχαἱωνα καὶ μακραίωνα</foreign>: deinde finem totius cœli, quo comprehenditur <lb></lb>vniuerſum tempus quo cœlum mouetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id fortaſſe dupliciter accipi poteſt, aut quia ſpectatur <expan abbr="tẽ-pus">tem<lb></lb>pus</expan>, non quatenus habet in ſeipſo ſucceſsionis <expan abbr="imaginẽ">imaginem</expan>, ſed quatenus eiuſmodi procraſtinatio, vt ita di<lb></lb>xerim, ad indiuiduum mentis ope contrahitur, aut quia concipitur periodus qua planetæ ad <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> pun <pb pagenum="881"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5060"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cta ſeorſum recurrunt. </s> <s>Vltimum æui ſignificatum conſummatio diuinæ ſubſtantiæ, & menſura æter<lb></lb>nitatis, quæ quidem <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> continet ſimul, ſine vlla extentione, vel permutatione, aut interitu <lb></lb>& interpellatione <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀεὶ εἶναι</foreign>. (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> philoſophi vno excepto Simplicio <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> ponunt in<lb></lb>ter æuum & <expan abbr="æternitatẽ">æternitatem</expan>, vel quia latuerit Græcos, vt qui <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> genitam quidem, ſed <expan abbr="immor-talẽ">immor<lb></lb>talem</expan> ignorarent, vel quae qui tale ſubſtantiæ genus approbarunt, vt Plato, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> temporis <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <expan abbr="durationẽ">durationem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> expreſſerunt) ſed menſura æternitatis à tempore ſic diſtincta eſt, quòd æui appellatione <expan abbr="permãſio">permanſio</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſtatu <expan abbr="notat̃">notatur</expan>, temporis verò <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> permutatio: ita vt optimo iure ſit accuſan<lb></lb>dus Albertus, qui æuum à tempore non ſepararit, ſed exiſtimauerit ſolùm æui nomine ſignificari tem<lb></lb>pus infinitum quod eſt, vt poſterius menſura totius conuerſionis cœleſtis, tempus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> finitum, <lb></lb>quo metimur <expan abbr="durationẽ">durationem</expan> rerum ortui & interitui <expan abbr="ſubiectarũ">ſubiectarum</expan>: quanuis habuerit, vnde id ſuſpicari poſ<lb></lb>ſet, quia 4. Phyſ. de tempore ſolùm mentio facta ſit, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>natura veſtigata, de ęuo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> verbum nullum, <lb></lb>cuius tamen <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan> locus ille ſuggerebat quo fuit inſtituta diſputatio de vita rerum, præſertim <lb></lb>vbi dictum eſt æterna à tempore non contineri. </s> <s>Nam diſcrepant hæc, vti dictum eſt. </s> <s>Sed non potuit ibi <lb></lb>explicare quid <expan abbr="æuũ">æuum</expan> foret Ariſtoteles; cùm adhuc <expan abbr="obſcurũ">obſcurum</expan> eſſet, ſit'ne aliquod mobile <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan>, & an'ne <lb></lb>præter ſubſtantias ſenſiles aliæ ſubſtantiæ reperiantur quarum menſura ſit æuum. </s> <s>Eſto igitur æuum <lb></lb>à tempore diuerſum, ac menſura propria permanſionis; de hoc nonnulla quæri ſolent, vtputa, cùm è <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5061"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>caducis <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> permaneant tota ſimul; alia in ſucceſsione poſita ſint: An'ne quæ permanent caduca <lb></lb>tamen, æuo an tempore metiamur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> defuerunt, qui putarent <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> permanſionem æuo eſſe <expan abbr="ob-noxiã">ob<lb></lb>noxiam</expan>; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>eorum quę ſucceſsionem habent, tempus eſſe menſuram. </s> <s>At illud generale <expan abbr="documen-tũ">documen<lb></lb>tum</expan> tradidit Ariſt. </s> <s>ea ſubiici tempori, quæ continentur à tempore, hoc eſt, à tempore ſuperantur: qua<lb></lb>propter æuum non niſi æternorum <expan abbr="durationẽ">durationem</expan> metietur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> adiecta eſt item illa particula [quæ ſem<lb></lb>per ſunt, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi]">huni]</expan> vt id non permanſionis ſolius, ſed perpetuitatis proprium eſſe intelligeremus <lb></lb>non eſſe in tempore. </s> <s>Deinde quoniam dicitur æuum continere <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> finis omnem infinitatem. </s> <s>At quî <lb></lb>id fieri poteſt, cum infinito nil maius cogitari queat? </s> <s>necnon æuum vnà cum tempore extendatur; ita <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſit æuum, quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tempus cum ipſo non exiſtat. </s> <s>Tertiò ſi æuum eſt menſura permanſionis; <lb></lb>eius erit <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> quæ maxima eſt, ſicuti <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> menſura illius motus præcipuè qui <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> princeps eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>At nil eſt quod magis oppugnet <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> diuinam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt ſubeat menſuram; quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> metimur, quantum eſ<lb></lb>ſe oportet. </s> <s>Deus autem prorſus indiuiduus eſt: prætereà tale, vt repetitio menſuræ conſummet atque <lb></lb>tranſiliat: quo verò pacto Deus ſuperari poteſt? </s> <s>Quęritur inſuper an cuiuſque æterni ſeorſum æuum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> proprium <expan abbr="peculiareq́">peculiareque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, an vnica ſit <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> menſura <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, quemadmodum vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>tempus, quod eſt menſura <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> ſingulorum. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſi alterum ex his eſt menſura <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> quæ tem<lb></lb>poris puncto fiunt, ſubitę mutationes cuínam, obſecro, erunt obnoxiæ, temporíne, an æuo? </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5062"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>approbo Simplicium, qui <expan abbr="mediã">mediam</expan> quandam inter hæc <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> accommodarit ad res, quæ inter Deum <lb></lb>O. M. <expan abbr="cęteraq́">cęteraque</expan>. </s> <s>mobilia intercedunt; quippe quae Ariſt. </s> <s>de <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> æternorum genere verba faciens 1. de Cęlo <lb></lb>ſolum <expan abbr="æuũ">æuum</expan> ipſis adſcripſerit, & excluſerit tempus. </s> <s>Nec certè videtur ſubitę mutationes ſubiici tempo<lb></lb>ri, vtpote quæ non fiant in tempore; æuo igitur. </s> <s>Verùm ego ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> quæſtionem generaliter <expan abbr="dicerẽ">dicerem</expan> <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> permanſionem æuo eſſe ſubiectam: duplex eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> re permanſio: altera, quæ <expan abbr="opponit̃">opponitur</expan> <lb></lb>fluxui, & in eo poſita eſt, quòd <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> cuiuſdam rei partes vnà ſint, veluti domus & homo, quæ pendet à <lb></lb>materia ſenſili: altera manet in eo, quòd res nulli <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> mutationi ſubiecta ſit, ſed ſemper in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> natu<lb></lb>rę gradu <expan abbr="conſeruet̃">conſeruetur</expan>, prima, meo quidem iudicio, <expan abbr="cõtinet̃">continetur</expan> à tempore; & æuum ad <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> pertinere fateor, <lb></lb>ſed vtrum'ne ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ caducorum eſt, mox <expan abbr="aperiã">aperiam</expan>. </s> <s>antè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> noſſe licet in rebus caducis eſſe duo princi<lb></lb>pia, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſenſilem quę cauſſa eſt interitùs, & vt non ſit res, cuius priuilegio res mutationi ſemper ex<lb></lb>ponuntur, cùm circum <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, tum circum accidens & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, propter quam res eſt, nec modò eſt; <lb></lb>verumetiam æterna, ſi ſpectetur vt actus ſimpliciter, & ope mentis à materia ſegregatur, cuius benefi<lb></lb>cio res in <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> cadunt quæ definitionibus <expan abbr="explicant̃">explicantur</expan>, & demonſtrationibus concluduntur, cùm pri<lb></lb>uilegio materiæ ſenſilis ignorentur: illa <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan> quid eſt, diuinæ <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> æuum eſſe di<lb></lb>cimus. </s> <s>Aduerte verò me ſpeciem æuo non ſubiicere, ſed <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>; quippe quòd eſſentia prorſus exclu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5063"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dat <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ſucceſsionem, <expan abbr="totaq́">totaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimul ſit, & indiuiduè æterno tempore permaneat; ſiquidem ſimpliciter <lb></lb>à conditionibus indiuidui ſeparetur; ſpecies adhuc <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſenſilem continet & cum <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan>, licèt in<lb></lb>definita ſint, accidentibus menti ſubiicit indiuidua; nec per ſe æterna eſt, & tota ſimul; verùm æternita<lb></lb>tem adepta eſt ex indiuiduorum ſucceſsione. </s> <s>Verùm quia cęlum partim immobile eſt, partim moue<lb></lb>tur: eius etiam naturæ ambiguitas nos ancipites reddere poſſet, cui nam ex ipſis ſubiiciatur; vtrum'ne <lb></lb>vni duntaxat, an <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> propter diuerſas <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan>, velut illa de quibus anteà dictum eſt. </s> <s>Non videtur nega<lb></lb>re Themiſtius cęlum <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> ſubire <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan>, ſi motum reſpexeris, & <expan abbr="q̃uis">quauis</expan> eius motus vniuerſus vnus <lb></lb>ſit, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuus; tamen quia terminos habet; proptereà fieri, vt cum tempore <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> habeat af<lb></lb>finitatem, quæ tamen ſit vt effectus, & vt aiunt, à poſteriori, quia motus ille eſt menſura <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>, vt cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, & à priori: ac ſi vniuerſum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſpectes; ita illius eſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan>, quia cum illo extendatur: idcirco <lb></lb>illius vnius menſura interna eſt; aliorum verò externa: ſiquidem per inſtans ducatur, quod eſt præſen<lb></lb>tia mobilis illius quod <expan abbr="cõuertitur">conuertitur</expan> in certo ſpatij termino, & alia <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ad ipſum referuntur, quæ tempore <lb></lb>continentur. </s> <s>At Simplicius id habuit ſuſpectum, quia ſic non magis eſſet tempus in motu, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus in <lb></lb>tempore. </s> <s>Vana quidem obiectio, quia nec id abſurdum reputabit Themiſtius, dum non ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, <lb></lb>quia motus à <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> contineatur, & tempus à motu. </s> <s>Verùm ſi rei naturam conſulas, & aduertas id quod <lb></lb>eſt eſſe in tempore, eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contineri, & ſuperari à tempore; certè motus vniuerſus nullo modo erit in <pb pagenum="882"></pb>tempore, ſed quia nos illum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, veluti finitum concipimus, <expan abbr="temporiq́">temporique</expan>. </s> <s>fines imponimus, & <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5064"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maius, minuſúe facimus pro noſtræ cogitationis arbitrio, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ad motum <expan abbr="diurnũ">diurnum</expan> & parteis eius <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> videmur <expan abbr="cõmodare">commodare</expan>; noſtra quidem <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> dicendum eſt æuum propriè concedi viuentibus, vt ap<lb></lb>paret <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ex eius definitione quæ eſt, interminabilis vitæ tota ſimul, & perfecta poſſeſsio; deinde <expan abbr="æuũ">æuum</expan> <lb></lb>etiam ſpectare videtur ad ea quæ, tametſi non viuunt; ſunt nihilominus ſine vlla mutatione, vt eſſen<lb></lb>tiæ rerum. </s> <s>Proinde cęlum quia viuit, æuo <expan abbr="expoſitũ">expoſitum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Quæ verò <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> extenſionemúe <lb></lb>præſeferunt, ea temporis obnoxia ponimus. </s> <s>Verùm hæc aut <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> tempus ante ſe, aut ſunt cauſſa <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſi tempus illis ſupponatur, hæc eſſe prorſus in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, quæ verò ſunt cauſſa temporis; ea eſſe qui<lb></lb>dem in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, ſed vt ad nos, non ad rei naturam: ſic motus cęleſtis cùm ſit cauſſa temporis, eſt in tem<lb></lb>pore hoc poſteriore modo. </s> <s>Quare ſtatuemus quoad nos conuerſionem terminos obtinere, & partium <lb></lb>priuilegio <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> concludi. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> Simplicius obſtat, vel quia <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> addit extentioni motus <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> men<lb></lb>ſuræ, licet à poſteriori; vel quae <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> vt totus menſuræ obnoxius eſt, ſed meritò <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>, & quà terminis <expan abbr="qui-buſdã">qui<lb></lb>buſdam</expan> circunſcribitur. </s> <s>Secunda difficultas ambigui ſignificatione profligatur. </s> <s>Nam quod dicitur <expan abbr="æuũ">æuum</expan> <lb></lb>continere tempus, aut ita accipiendum eſt; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> æuum tempori præponatur, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> natura prius, non <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contrà: ſiquidem <expan abbr="æuũ">æuum</expan> natura prius ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tempus; <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> actus & eſſentia, quorum <expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> <lb></lb>eſt æuum, ſunt natura priora, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> poteſtas & fieri, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> menſura eſt tempus. </s> <s>Aut etiam ſic intelligemus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5065"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>æuum <expan abbr="cõtinere">continere</expan> tempus, quae Simplicio teſte <expan abbr="æuũ">æuum</expan> contrahit in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, & iungit vniuerſam <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> ſucceſsio<lb></lb>nem, ſicuti <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> iungit infinitas lineas ad ſe à circunferentia productas. </s> <s>Aut tertiò infinitum <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan> <lb></lb>non vt à veteribus <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> eſt, quod .ſ. </s> <s>excedat <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> finibus, ſed quod in ſucceſsione poſitum eſt, & ab <lb></lb>alio finiri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> & tale eſt tempus; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm pręſens finitum ſit nunc, & huic aliud ſucceſsiuè queat ac<lb></lb>cedere, æuum perpetuò ſit idem, <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> æuo finitur tempus, & ideò continetur. </s> <s>Diluitur obiectio tertia ſic. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quod menſuræ ſubiicitur, eſt neceſſariò <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, aut cum <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quanti concipitur, velut in eo di<lb></lb>uiſio notatur; ſicut cùm ſummę illius mentis <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> metiri volumus, in gradus <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> partimur, <lb></lb>& eos deſignamus per priuationes quæ in aliis ab ipſo ſunt. </s> <s>priuationes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nobis ex oppoſito habitu <lb></lb>patefiunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm Deus ſit vnus & indiuiduus, quæ carentiam multitudinis & ſucceſsionis <expan abbr="indicãt">indicant</expan>, <lb></lb>eo quidem modo quantitatis rationem præſefert. </s> <s>Et æuum igitur, quia nobis deſcribit in Deo <expan abbr="carentiã">carentiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſucceſsionis & multitudinis. </s> <s>ſic referuntur menſura, & id cuius eſt ad quantum: quandò hæc nega<lb></lb>tione notare oportuit; cùm de his affirmatio ſuperet captum mentis humanę. </s> <s>cognitio quidem ſpuria, <lb></lb>& imbecillis, ac tenuis, ſi modum cognoſcendi reſpexeris: at ſi rem quæ <expan abbr="cõſideratur">conſideratur</expan>, expendas; <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>maximi facienda, nec tamen anteponenda ſimpliciter, vt <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> placuit Proclo. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quòd autem men<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5066"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſura ſuperare debeat; iam quo pacto id vſu veniat, quia .ſ. </s> <s>quo ad nos, anteà diximus. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & hoc lo<lb></lb>co quærere poſsis. </s> <s>Si æuum aliquid eſt ipſius Dei; ſit'ne ab ipſo diſtinctum? </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ita videtur, quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5067"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quicquid eſt in Deo, Deus eſt, cùm re & eſſentia ſit vnus; idem verò eſſe non poteſt, quia menſura ſo<lb></lb>let ab eo diſiungi cuius eſt. </s> <s>At inquam ego, hæc differre ſolo connotato (ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> voce trita apud Latinos <lb></lb>noſtros characterem interpretor) ſignificat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm ipſam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> diuinam, quatenus priuata eſt termi<lb></lb>nis alienis ſucceſsione & multitudine, ſed ipſa per ſe & eſſentialiter eſt terminus; ea verò ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="diuinã">diuinam</expan> nihil adiungunt: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> priuantes habitudines. </s> <s>Quòd ſi menſura videtur eſſe ab eo ſecreta cu<lb></lb>ius eſt; etiam quo pacto menſura eſt, aliena ponitur à Deo: eſt autem <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, quia nos id quod vnum eſt <lb></lb>in Deo, cogitatione diſiungimus: etenim alia via <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> diuinam exprimere non licet. </s> <s>AEternorum ve<lb></lb>rò <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> æuum eſſe proprium non opinor, ſed cùm reliqua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> pendeant à Deo, quia ſint aliquo mo<lb></lb>do, vt poſteà dicemus; <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> crediderim, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> Deus eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> menſura, quae ad ipſum cuncta refe<lb></lb>runtur ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, ſic æuum quod eſt Dei menſura <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ad vnum, & ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> men<lb></lb>tium <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> permetiri. </s> <s>Dictat etiam ratio rem ſic habere. </s> <s>Nam ſic ſe habet æuum ad <expan abbr="eſſen-tiã">eſſen<lb></lb>tiam</expan>, ſicut tempus ad motum. </s> <s>Verùm vnum tempus eſt quod eſt primò conuerſionis, & primi motus, <lb></lb>mox aliorum motuum; Sic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> æuum erit primò primæ eſſentiæ & Dei, deinde <expan abbr="eſſentiarũ">eſſentiarum</expan> <expan abbr="reliquarũ">reliquarum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad vltimum hæc dicit Auerroës, illas mutationes propriè pro terminis motuum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe in tempore, ſed <lb></lb>in temporis puncto, ſed enim <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> repugnare tempus, ſi cum iis motib. copulentur, quorum ipſæ termi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5068"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ni exiſtunt: etenim meminiſti <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> mutationem apud Ariſt. </s> <s>extare per ſe, ſed ex alio motu perpetuò <lb></lb>pendére. </s> <s>In Auerroëm nonnulli inuehuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etiam mutationes iſtiuſmodi <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> prę<lb></lb>ſeferunt à motu <expan abbr="diſiunctã">diſiunctam</expan>, vtputa illuminatio aliquid eſt à Solis latione diuerſum: ideò volunt ſiquid <lb></lb>in tempore futurum ſit, ſat eſſe, ſi <expan abbr="ſuperet̃">ſuperetur</expan> à tempore. </s> <s>quod cùm hiſce mutationibus accidat, illę <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> optimè collocari <expan abbr="poterũt">poterunt</expan>. </s> <s>At verò mihi videtur, Ariſt. </s> <s>præter hanc ipſam <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> ſtauere tem<lb></lb>pus numerum motus, & eius aliquid eſſe, & iunctum eſſe cum <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> progreſſu mobilis. </s> <s>Alij dicunt ea <lb></lb>quæ ſunt obnoxia tranſmutationi, cum tempore adæquari. </s> <s>quæ verò in temporis puncto exiſtunt, in <lb></lb>tempore <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſſe: verùm non eſſe paria tempori. </s> <s>Atqui Ariſt. </s> <s>tribuit tempus rebus, quoad ſunt in<lb></lb>fluxu; terminos vult reſpondere momento; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea quæ ſunt in tempore, nonmodò ſtatuit eſſe æqualia <lb></lb>tempori, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuperari à tempore. </s> <s>Idcircò cum Auerroë dicerem; hęc veluti per ſe non ſubſiſtunt, <lb></lb>ſed in alio ſunt; ita non eſſe in tempore per ſe, ſed eorum beneficio à quibus pendent: <expan abbr="cõſequuntur">conſequuntur</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>motus naturales; ob id etiam ſunt obnoxiæ tempori. </s> <s>eodem modo de formarum functionibus dicere <lb></lb>oportet: etenim per ſe indiuiduo conſiſtunt, & in temporis puncto ſunt; non in tempore, ſed propter <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <expan abbr="cęteroſq́">cęteroſque</expan>. </s> <s>motus in quibus adhæreſcunt, tempus illis adſcribi poteſt. </s> <s>Hæc ſunt quæ mihi Peri<lb></lb>pateticorum placita ſuppeditant; reliqua quę adiiciuntur, aut Platonica, aut è Theologorum fontibus <lb></lb>hauſta: ſoli <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illi maiore lumine viam pręmonſtrante norunt genus earum rerum quæ creatæ quidem <pb pagenum="883"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5069"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſint, ſed immortales, quas æuiternas nouo nomine appellarunt; vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> duxerunt æuiternitatem quę <lb></lb>foret earum menſura: latuit hoc ſubſtantiæ genus Peripateticos: ideò nulla certa ratio nobis ſuccur<lb></lb>rit qua perſonam illorum ſuſtinentes aliquid Peripateticè profiteri de hac menſuræ ſpecie valeamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5060"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5061"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5062"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5063"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5064"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5065"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5066"></margin.target>a 5 in Tim. <lb></lb>1. de part. <lb></lb>an. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5067"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5068"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5069"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum tempus metiatur quietem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MOTVI quies opponitur, ita vt ſub eodem genere ſint, ſicut habitus & priuatio: proptereà dubi<lb></lb>tari potuit, an'ne quies habeat affinitatem cum <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, an ſic tempus ad motum pertineat, vt il<lb></lb>lum ſpeciatim reſpiciat, an prætereà <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> quietem complectatur: nam ſignificamus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nos per <lb></lb>verba <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> quo quieuimus; velut ego quieui ruri biduum. </s> <s>Dubitatio <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> plana, vt vides, <lb></lb>ſed ita obſcura eſt ſententia Philoſophi, vt quid non approbandum ſit, magis occurrat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quod placeat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm quidem quia variis modis accipitur quies: etenim in quolibet motu quies eſt ſignificata per <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ eſt terminus eius motus, & ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> obtinendam <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> corpus <expan abbr="quęcunq.">quęcunque</expan> fuerit eius ſpecies: <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quies eſt, vbi per lationem propria ſedes parata fuerit, infrà grauibus, leuib. autem ſuprà. </s> <s>& manet <lb></lb>ſemen, vbi <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> plantæ contraxit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi peruenimus ad <expan abbr="iuſtã">iuſtam</expan> magnitudinem, quieſcimus, ac ne mul<lb></lb>ta dicam; quieſcimus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vbi procedentes ad albedinem, & ad omne genus formæ <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> adepti fuimus. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5070"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Secundò quies eſt, vbi quod anteà mouebatur, non amplius <expan abbr="agit̃">agitur</expan>, nec dum forma contracta quaſi ma<lb></lb>net in medio motu; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt vel ex natura, vel <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> albeſcit, per ſe quieſcit in albedine, <lb></lb>ſi fortè quieſcat in viriditate, quies eſt contra naturam. </s> <s>Tertiò quies eſt immobilitas, vt in polis, & axe <lb></lb>mundi. </s> <s>Deus item immobilis prorſus eſt. </s> <s>Totuplex ergo poteſtas huius vocis ambiguum <expan abbr="lectorẽ">lectorem</expan> red<lb></lb>dit; an'ne de <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſignificato quietis, & de quónam potiſsimè verba faciat Ariſtoteles, & ſit'ne idem mo<lb></lb>dus quo metimur <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> quietem. </s> <s>Rurſus <expan abbr="exorit̃">exoritur</expan> controuerſia de modo quem in ea re explicanda tra<lb></lb>dit ipſe Ariſtoteles: primùm, quae <expan abbr="incertũ">incertum</expan> eſt, vtrùm per ſe quietem, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa fuerit, tempus <expan abbr="inetiat̃">inetiatur</expan>, <lb></lb>nec'ne: videtur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contextus initio <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Philoſophus aſſeuerare tempus eſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> motus per ſe, quietis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5071"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verò per accidens. </s> <s>Sed infrà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> obſeruamus Ariſt. </s> <s>non ponere diſcrimen inter motum & quietem <lb></lb>ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua ſubeunt menſuram, <foreign lang="grc">ᾗ κινούμενον</foreign>, inquiens, & <foreign lang="grc">ᾗ ἠρεμοῦν</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>quà mouetur, & quà quieſcit, & <lb></lb>addere <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> vocem quæ ſignificet non ſolùm per ſe, verùm etiam primò. </s> <s>& eſto quòd tempus metiatur <lb></lb><expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, ſiue per ſe, ſeu per accidens; quis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſit iſte <expan abbr="metiẽdi">metiendi</expan> modus, vel quia ſeipſam per ſe menti obii<lb></lb>ciat metienti, & numeranti, vel per motum: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, vel per eum cuius eſt priuatio, vel per <lb></lb>alienum, vt <expan abbr="cœleſtẽ">cœleſtem</expan>; vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quia tempore <expan abbr="concludat̃">concludatur</expan> propter eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> qui illi præcedebat, & propter <lb></lb>eum qui ſubſequitur. </s> <s>Accedit & illud quod Alexandro negocium faceſsit; an'ne tempus ita ſe habeat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5072"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, vt eius & numerus & menſura; ad quietem verò quia ſit menſura tantum, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> numerus; <lb></lb>eſt autem numerus plus neſcio quid, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> menſura, quia præter continuitatem addit item menſuræ diſcre<lb></lb>tionem & multitudinem. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> exploranda ſunt vniuerſa; & ſingula patronos & auctores habent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Equidem à certioribus incipiam & admonebo primùm cum Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſo non <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> genus immobilitatis hîc <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõprehendi">comprehendi</expan>, ſed eius <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quæ propriè quies appellatur: horum diſcrimen olim fuit allatum: ex quo <lb></lb>efficitur, vt ea ſint obnoxia tempori quæ modò quieſcunt, aliàs mouentur; ea verò ſunt caduca, & gene<lb></lb>ratim quæ <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> & contradictionem admittunt, quatenus quieſcunt. </s> <s>i. cùm aliquando <expan abbr="mouerent̃">mouerentur</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> etiam quieuere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt eiuſmodi quies à tempore ſuperetur, & quà denique eſt abſentia <lb></lb>motus; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> iam dictum eſt, vt <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> menſura ſit aliarum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> præter motum, & quorum <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> eſ<lb></lb>ſe in motu continetur. </s> <s>Prætereà tempore ſimpliciter excluditur corpus cœleſte, cùm propter motum, <lb></lb>qui perpetuus eſt, tum propter <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> quietem quæ toti ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> tribuitur: nec eiicerem quietem <lb></lb>præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quòd hæc maximè requirit motum, aut factum, aut eum qui fieri poſsit in oppoſitum, <lb></lb>propter <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> quæ reſpicit <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem contradictionis quæ poſita eſt in materia, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>terræ partes, etiam ſi in ſuo loco quieſcant, quia tamen immutari poſſunt, & aër <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> fient, etiam <lb></lb>poſſunt moueri ſurſum. </s> <s>His ergo ſic poſitis, de modo quo <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> quietem <expan abbr="metit̃">metitur</expan>, verba facere oportet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Videtur autem docere nos Ariſt. </s> <s>tempus metiri quietem per accidens. </s> <s>Hoc ego non ita ſpeciatim cum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5073"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Auerroë interprętaret, ſicut tempus eſſet numerus huius motus, ſi res moueretur; ſic dum res quieſcit, <lb></lb>etiam tempus eſſe numerum eius quietis, quia tantum fuiſſet motum, ſi moueretur. </s> <s>Nam ſi motus illi <lb></lb>oppoſitus <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> mihi notuerit; vnde illius quietis notio ad me perueniet? </s> <s>ideò latius accipiam notio<lb></lb>nem eius quietis ex <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> motu in alio, & per ſpatium indefinitum, & <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ex motu cęli deſignabo, <lb></lb>cùm dixerim quieuiſſe duabus horis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt .ſ. </s> <s>in quiete prius & poſterius notetur, velut in motu & <lb></lb>numeranti ſeſe offerat per motum; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eadem eſt menſura oppoſitorum, vnius <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vt habitus per <lb></lb>ſe, alterius vero quod eſt, vt priuatio, per <expan abbr="abſentiã">abſentiam</expan> habitus quæ ponit ſemper, & reipſa, & in mente ra<lb></lb>tionem habitus, & formam. </s> <s>Perinde ac ſi forma, vel functio ſpectari poſsint, & per ſe vt actus <expan abbr="qui-dã">qui<lb></lb>dam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt abſentia motus, & ſucceſsionis, & hoc modo vel ſimpliciter, vel cum ordine ad prius & po<lb></lb>ſterius: & primo quidem modo non eſt quies; ſecundo modo eſt quies, ſed nondum tempori ſubii<lb></lb>citur; nam reſpondet termino & inſtanti, niſi quatenus accidit vt ſuperetur à tempore, ſed ſi in ea con<lb></lb>ſidero extentionem & durationem, & hoc, quod ita ſe habeat poſterius, quemadmodum ſe prius ha<lb></lb>bebat, non vt eueniebat in motu, in quo partes immutantur; iam illi tribuo tempus, quod item ſibi ſup<lb></lb>ponit motum, ſiquidem quies ſit eius priuatio, nec ſine motu queat intelligi. </s> <s>Cùm ergo tempus ſine <lb></lb>motu non conſiſtat, & quies ſine motu non intelligatur; ex hoc efficitur, vt tempus quieti ſine motu <lb></lb>non poſsit aptari. </s> <s>Vel ſecundò dicam ſic ſubiici tempori quietem, quòd eſt in eo quod poteſt moueri, <pb pagenum="884"></pb>quoad huiuſmodi. </s> <s>i. habita ratione facultatis, non actus, vt ſecit Auerroës, & ſic mihi videtur adſcribe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5074"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re tempus quieti Philoſophus. </s> <s>Sic efficitur, vt ſit <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> menſuræ eadem ratio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò quia tem<lb></lb>pore contineantur, ideſt, à tempore ſuperentur hæc quies, & hic motus, quia nec ſic propria vtriuſque <lb></lb>menſuræ differentia foret: nec item, quia notetur extentio ſubſtantię, & eius premanſio in quieſcente, <lb></lb>& coniunctio perpetua cum aliqua functione, & motione ſimpliciter, quia præterquam quae non omne <lb></lb>quieſcens habet <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan> quę ſit motus, ſed <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργειαν</foreign>, vt partes elementorum, quando ſunt in ſuo lo<lb></lb>co, quæ eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόον</foreign> quid, & per ſe tempori non ſubiicitur; vnde <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam poteſt eſſe cauſſa, vt priua<lb></lb>tio tempori obnoxia reddatur, quia ſi non habitus & priuatio, multò minus etiam ſimpliciter à <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> arbitror <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> priuationi per ſe tribui <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> ſine ratione motus, vel cuius ipſa <lb></lb>eſt priuatio motus <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille fuerit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan> motui <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> quiete <expan abbr="cõem">conem</expan> eſſe: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> æquè foret <lb></lb><expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> quietis & motus. </s> <s>Nec illud approbo, quod alioqui video placere Simplicio, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe idem, ac <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> eſſe propter <expan abbr="fluxũ">fluxum</expan>, qui motus <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> <expan abbr="perhibet̃">perhibetur</expan> in quo imago quietis appareat: quandò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> priuatio fo<lb></lb>ret <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> àc <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> eſſe, vel <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fluxu priuatio excluderetur, ſic <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> entis quoad <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>eſſet aliquod <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan>, aut eius quod totum eſt ſimul; exiſteret fluxus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat, quia dixerit <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>tempus metiri, quod mouetur & quieſcit, quatenus mouetur & quieſcit, vt credas per ſe tempus <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> quietis; quandoquidem ea vox ſolùm notat <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>, vt aiunt, formalem, propter quam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5075"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>id quod quieſcit, <expan abbr="tẽpori">tempori</expan> obnoxium eſt. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> longè differt ab ea ratione per quam motus ipſe ſubit <lb></lb>tempus. </s> <s>id autem volo dicere, notari temporis <expan abbr="attributionẽ">attributionem</expan> ea voce quæ ad motum & quietem <expan abbr="cõmu-niter">commu<lb></lb>niter</expan> pertinet; non autem <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> eius attributionis, quæ in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> diuerſa perſpicitur. </s> <s>Iam ve<lb></lb>rò differentia quam ponebat Alexander inter <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> & numerum, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> alterum motum & <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> teſtabatur; alterum verò motus vnius proprium; inane prorſus eſt. </s> <s>ſiquidem pro<lb></lb>nunciarit Ariſt. </s> <s>tempus metiri idem eſſe àc numerare, & eſſe in tempore idem eſſe àc contineri à tem<lb></lb>pore, & quod ipſum metiatur tempus, & eſſe in eo, ſicut in numero. </s> <s>Et quanuis illud obiici potuiſſet. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi tempus eſt numerus motus, quod igitur eſt in tempore, videtur moueri, vnde ſuſpicari poſsis <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, <lb></lb>aut in tempore non eſſe, aut <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> non eſſe <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> motus; idem non eſſe planè dicimus eſſe in motu, <lb></lb>& eſſe in numero motus; veluti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idem eſt motus, & eius numerus, ita prorſus eſt. </s> <s>quod eſt in mo<lb></lb>tu, moueri, quod eſt verò in eius numero, non neceſſariò, ſed fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt quieſcat, non poteſt tamen eſ<lb></lb>ſe in tempore, niſi motu ſubintellecto, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> diximus nuper. </s> <s>Fieri etiam poteſt, vt ex ſuiipſius <lb></lb>præcepto cùm ſit <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> menſura; præcipuè verò motui; illud in definitione <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> fuerit, ad quod <lb></lb>præcipuè pertinet; attamen quies non excludatur. </s> <s>Hactenus audiſti quatenus quies eſt obnoxia tem<lb></lb>pori. </s> <s>tranſeamus ad alia nunc, & ſcrutemur, vtrùm in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ſint, nec'ne. </s> <s>Certè ex iis quæ iam con<lb></lb>ſtituta ſunt, canones perſpicui colligentur. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tempus eſt menſura motus & quietis; ergo quæ mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5076"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uentur & quieſcunt, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, erunt in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>: at cùm in illis ſpectari poſsit extentio duplex, ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis nimirùm, & durationis, illud autem quod ſubit <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan>, propter extentionem quandam il<lb></lb>li ſubiiciatur; profectò non quia continuum, erit in tempore, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſt cogitari totum ſimul, ſed vt <lb></lb>continet durationem: metitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tempus, quantus ſit motus, aut quies eius, ideſt quanta ſit ſucceſsio & <lb></lb>cum prioris <expan abbr="poſterioriſq́">poſterioriſque</expan>. </s> <s>notione; ſiquidem hoc ſic duratio. </s> <s>Quamobrem id quod erit in tempore; <lb></lb>neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mutationi & quieti exponetur. </s> <s>ab oppoſito igitur <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> non ſubeunt motum & <lb></lb>& quietem, tempore <expan abbr="arcebunt̃">arcebuntur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> verò ſunt beatæ mentes, & ſubſtantia corporis cęleſtis. </s> <s>Perſpicuum <lb></lb>verò eſt hoc; ſiquidem eſſe in tempore eſt, quòd ipſum metiatur tempus: id verò nil aliud eſt, quam quae <lb></lb>eius motum, vel <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> numeret <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, atqui in his motus, aut quies non ineſt; ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illorum men<lb></lb>ſura, neque tempus igitur. </s> <s>Quo pacto æterna ſunt extra tempus, ita ea quæ non ſunt neceſſariò, ſunt <lb></lb>extra tempus, & ea quæ fieri nequeunt. </s> <s>cùm cęteroqui contingentia, quanuis futura non ſint, propter <lb></lb>poteſtatem quæ illis inhæret ad id, vt ſint, quoquo modo pendeant ex tempore. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri poſsint, ac <lb></lb>ſi actu ſint, ſumere ipſa licet, & ita ſubeunt eandem rationem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quæ modò ſunt, mox non erunt, <lb></lb>& vt vno canone <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> complectamur. </s> <s>Quæ ſunt in tempore, illa ſunt quæ vnà opponuntur iis quæ ſem<lb></lb>per ſunt, & iis quæ non ſemper non ſunt, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>nec ſemper <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt, necnon <expan abbr="sẽper">semper</expan> ſunt, hoc eſt, caduca. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5077"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc ipſa cauſſa eſt, cur non per omnia tempus pertinere videatur: nam cùm tempus ſit habitus <lb></lb>ſiue affectio motus; ea verò quæ non ſemper non ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> non ſemper ſunt, motui ſoli ſubiiciantur; <lb></lb>ob id etiam hæc in tempore eſſe dicuntur, aut tempus in his, velut menſura in eo quod metimur, & nu<lb></lb>merus in rebus numeratis. </s> <s>Quanuis autem in ſuis locis elementa morentur, at moueri poſſunt, & id <lb></lb>ſat eſt. </s> <s>ſibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reſpondent pro portione tempus, & motus, ſiue actu ille ſit, ſeu <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poteſtate. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in <lb></lb>loco; at hæc aut mouentur, aut moueri poſſunt: quocirca tempus ad ea pertinet, quaſi pari ratione: <lb></lb>nam quæ moueri poſſunt, quatenus huiuſmodi, quieſcunt. </s> <s>Etenim hunc ſenſum arbitror eſſe eorum <lb></lb>verborum; tametſi voces, quibus hanc rem expreſsit Ariſt. </s> <s>acerrimè torſerunt interpretes: quamob<lb></lb>rem nonnulli è Græcis talem ſenſum eliciebant. </s> <s>ſicuti motus actu eſt, vel poteſtate, nempe cùm manet <lb></lb>res, vbi actu <expan abbr="moueant̃">moueantur</expan>, ibi ſit tempus actu, vbi verò <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan>, quòd ibidem ſit potentia tempus. </s> <s>At nonne <lb></lb>etiam terra nunc eſt in tempore actu, & <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> tempus metitur? </s> <s>Idcirco Simplicius accipiebat <lb></lb><expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> non tanquam <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> proximam motus, ſed eius, quòd eſſet quod item à tempore compre<lb></lb>hendi ſolet, veluti ſunt ea, quæ <expan abbr="nõdum">nondum</expan> genita ſunt, ſed latent in ſinu cauſſarum efficientis .ſ. </s> <s>& materiæ, <lb></lb>necdum generantur, quia tum ſimul etiam forent per ſe in tempore & actu. </s> <s>quandò tempus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> gene<lb></lb>rationis menſura ſit. </s> <s>cùm illi item conueniant velox, & tardum, quæ ſignificant tempus. </s> <s>At verò quod <lb></lb>ita ſe habet, eſt ſimpliciter non ens; quomodo igitur illi quicquam tribui poteſt? </s> <s>Alexander autem im <pb pagenum="885"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5078"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutauit lectionem, & pro eo, quod erat [tempus, & motus] reſtituit [locus, & motus] nec vidit lo<lb></lb>cum & motum è proportione inter ſe non reſpondere. </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt actu locus, non adeſt niſi in potentia <lb></lb>motus, ſed quies: vbi contrà motus in actu ſit, & locus adeſt poteſtate: niſi dicat accipiendas eſſe colle<lb></lb>ctim dictiones illas, locum, videlicet, & motum, & diſtribui ſeorſum per <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & poteſtatem. </s> <s>Auerroës <lb></lb>autem videtur ſumpſiſſe verba philoſophi generatim: quaſi non fiant de tempore & motu terræ, aut <lb></lb>aquæ, ſed quòd ita <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan> ſint motus & <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, vt prout motus ſe habuerit, ita & tempus eſſe <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi fuerit motus, fuerit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>: ac ſi hic futurus ſit: illud item eſſe futurum. </s> <s>ſed inuertit verba con<lb></lb>textus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>ex ſingulari eorum motu & loco probat illis conuenire tempus. </s> <s>Spectemus igitur <lb></lb>an'ne alia expoſitio congruat cum eo dicto. </s> <s>Dictum verò eſt ſuprà, tempus eſſe <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> motus & quie<lb></lb>tis, ſed motus per ſe, quietis autem per accidens eo modo quem nos antè <expan abbr="oſtẽdimus">oſtendimus</expan>. </s> <s>illud autem quod <lb></lb>quieſcit, verè poſſe moueri: quapropter, vt quieſcit, & habet poteſtatem ad id, vt moueatur, ſic eſſe in <lb></lb>tempore. </s> <s>Cùm igitur hæc maneant, & poteſtatem ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> obtineant, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ſit in illis eiuſ<lb></lb>modi poteſtas, quatenus quieſcunt, ibi etiam tempus eſſe poteſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ibi adeſt motus, ſiue actu, ſeu <lb></lb>poteſtate. </s> <s>Ita igitur refero verba illa, non ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> ſimul, vt .ſ. </s> <s>tempus in actum <expan abbr="poteſtatemq́">poteſtatemque</expan>. </s> <s>diui<lb></lb>datur, “ſicut & motus; verùm quòd tempus & motus vnà ſunt, ſiue motus accipiatur actu, ſeu poten<lb></lb>tia, veluti dum eſt quies. </s> <s>& ita verba contextus interpungo.” <foreign lang="grc">ὁ δὲ χρόνος καὶ κὶνησις ἁμα</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt, tempus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5079"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>autem & motus vnà. </s> <s>refero ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ea quę ſequuntur, <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ δυναμίν καὶ κατ' ἐνέργειαν</foreign>. </s> <s>ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5080"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſtatem & actum. </s> <s>atque horum habitum dicimus eſſe tempus; ſiue paſsionem, & aliquid denique <lb></lb>quòd alij tribui ſolet; quaſi impetrarit, quòd ſit à motu, quaſi ſit vt accidens in ſubiecto ſine quo eſſe <lb></lb>non poſsit; nam ſemper reſpicit motum, ſiue actu, ſeu poteſtate conſiſtat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5070"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5071"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 128.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5072"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5073"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5074"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5075"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5076"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5077"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5078"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5079"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 130.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5080"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Verùm tempus ſine ope animę ſubſistat, nec ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI tempus eſt numerus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem, dum numeratur: prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & poſterius in motu numerare <lb></lb>oportebat; numerare <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> animæ officium eſt, nec cuiuſuis, ſed aut mentis, aut certè perfectionis <expan abbr="cu-iuſdã">cu<lb></lb>iuſdam</expan> facultatis, quàm ſit ſentiens; ergo anima ſublata numerus auferatur neceſſe eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> nume<lb></lb>rante ſublato numerabile <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſariò tollitur; idcirco & tempus. </s> <s>Atqui mirum videtur anima <lb></lb>ſublata tempus euerti, quia tempus affectio quædam ſit ſubſtantiæ naturalis, & aliquid motus, quę qui<lb></lb>dem reipſa ſubſiſtunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> profectò minus moueretur cęlum, ſi anima nulla eſſet, aut hodiernus circui<lb></lb>tus eſſet horarum quattuor & viginti, quàm modò ſit, dum anima eſt, & numerat prius & poſterius in <lb></lb>motu. </s> <s>Proptereà ſcire licet numero ablato numerabile quidem actu tolli. </s> <s>ſed tamen poteſtate nume<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5081"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>randum ſupereſſe non ſecus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſcientia ſublata ſuperſtes ſit id quod ſciri poteſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Verumenimuerò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5082"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſolutio hæc admodùm infirma eſt, niſi aliquid accedat auxilij ex his quæ adſcribentur: nam quia ſen<lb></lb>ſus, & ſenſile ſic inter ſe referuntur, vt actu ſenſile ſenſum actu requirat, & ſenſile potentia <expan abbr="parẽ">parem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſum poſtulet. </s> <s>idcirco ſenſu <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> modi ſublato <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> genus etiam ſenſilis neceſſariò tolleretur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & numerante ſublato, quod cum actu, tum potentia ſit, omne numerabile poſſet auferri; diſtin<lb></lb>guendum adhuc eſt de ſenſili in potentia ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ideſt reſpecto ſolo attributo illo quo <expan abbr="refert̃">refertur</expan> <lb></lb>ad ſenſum, aut ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ideſt, eo cogitato cui tale ineſt attributum. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſic accipitur 2. de An. <lb></lb>id quod <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Nec audiendus eſt Zimara qui putauit Antiquorum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, poſitam <lb></lb>fuiſſe habitudinem inter ſenſile potentia, & ſenſum. </s> <s>proptereà ſenſile ſecundùm formam <expan abbr="accipiẽdum">accipiendum</expan>; <lb></lb>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolùm interit anima deficiente, ſiue actu, ſeu poteſtate ſit. </s> <s>Sed ſi materiam ipſam reſpicias, nulla <lb></lb>fortaſſe neceſsitas vrget quæ facultate <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> numerante ſublata ſenſile item & numerabile tollat. </s> <s>quam<lb></lb>obrem ſic etiam dandum eſt anima ſublata quæ ſit numeratura, ſupereſſe tempus: attamen & ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>qua potentia eſt, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ita <expan abbr="pẽdet">pendet</expan> ab anima, vt ſi fingi poſsit <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> non eſſe ſimpliciter; <lb></lb>tempus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerit. </s> <s>illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt principium, fons, & origo <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus; eum verò <expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan> tempus. <lb></lb></s> <s>tolle <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>; iam protinus tolletur motus; tolletur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> & tempus; non ſanè, quia ſic numerans aufe<lb></lb>ratur; verùm quia <expan abbr="tollat̃">tollatur</expan> appetitus ſummæ perfectionis quæ manet in Deo, qui modis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> eſt immo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5083"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bilis, vnde vniuerſi motus emanant: ab hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tanquam ab amato, & mente concepto pendet cęli mo<lb></lb>tus amantis & intelligentis, quæ certè ſine officiis animæ <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> præſtari non poſſunt: ab eius autem <lb></lb>motu reliqui <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> deriuantur. </s> <s>ſic cauſſam <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> temporis accipimus; eam quę materiæ locum teneat <lb></lb>quæ motus eſt, & efficientem quæ ponitur anima. </s> <s>ac didicimus vt tempus ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> pendet ab <lb></lb>anima actu numerante, ſecundùm materiam verò ab anima per motum. </s> <s>Quamobrem hîc obſeruare <lb></lb>potes <expan abbr="errorẽ">errorem</expan> Latinorum propemodum <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> qui putant etiam animam à qua teſtatur Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>produci tempus, accipi tanquam <expan abbr="numerantẽ">numerantem</expan>: quaſi verò ſublata facultate numerante ſimpliciter, ita vt <lb></lb>aboleretur eius actus ac poteſtas; fore vt aboleretur actus, atque poteſtas rei numerabilis, & proinde <lb></lb>tempus, cum vt actu, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſit potentia numerabile; & ob id vniuerſa <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> & eſſentia temporis: neque <lb></lb>enim tempus ea ex parte tolleretur qua reſpicit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> per inſtantia exiſtens, niſi <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> poteſtatem ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> periiſſe cogitaremus quæ motu ipſo fundatur: nam certè hęc, quanuis anima numerans extin<lb></lb>guatur, adhuc reſtaret. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod nos pro materia ſubſternimus tempori, eſt ordo partium motus <lb></lb>ſecundùm prius & poſterius, quod profectò, licèt anima ſublata rationem numerabilis non retineret; <lb></lb>at aliquid per ſe foret, quod ſi produceretur anima, numerari poſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt à numero non recedam, <lb></lb>cuius exemplar eſt tempus. </s> <s>Obſeruare potes in numero duplicem productionem apud Ariſtotelem, <lb></lb>alteram, de qua 3. Phyſ. quæ exoritur ex ſectione continui in minores parteis ſubinde proportione ſibi <pb pagenum="886"></pb>reſpondentes, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram ex <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> continui repetitione: illa quidem eſt ex natura, & per ſe conſiſtit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5084"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& numerus eſt materialiter; quippe quae ſic multa vnà exiſtant; poſterior ex actu animæ naſcitur, & eſt <lb></lb>formaliter numerus, nec ſine anima conſeruatur. </s> <s>Ita de tempore dicendum cenſeo. </s> <s>Cętetùm ſi ita eſt, <lb></lb>quemadmodum diximus, cur accipit Ariſt. </s> <s>in temporis definitione numeri ipſius rationem? </s> <s>vitioſa <lb></lb>certè ſit definitio quæ parteis <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehendat">comprehendat</expan>, ſine quibus definitum conſtare poſsit. </s> <s>An ita <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> <lb></lb>puto in definitione temporis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> fecit aliquando Ariſtoteles, cùm definiret colorem: nam <lb></lb>ſicuti color accipitur, vel quà viſilis, vel ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & quà viſilis dicitur habere vim mouendi <lb></lb>actu <expan abbr="pellucidũ">pellucidum</expan>, quo pacto definitus eſt 2. de An. ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> verò ponitur extremum actu pellu<lb></lb>cidi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita definitur Lib. de ſenſu; ſic tempus ſubit <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, & ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> reſpicit <expan abbr="ani-mã">ani<lb></lb>mam</expan>; ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> verò etiam ſine anima conſiſtit: ſpectatum verò fuiſſe dicimus 4. Phyſ. tempus <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>per animam fuiſſe definitum. </s> <s>non ob aliud ſanè, quàmquòd ita ſumptum ma<lb></lb>nifeſtius eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi ſumatur ſecundùm materiam: licèt & id eius quod vere ſubſiſtit, ab hac definitione <lb></lb>comprehendatur. </s> <s>Hinc præbetur occaſio tollendi controuerſiam propoſitam. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne tempus in <lb></lb>anima ſola ſubſiſtat. </s> <s>an extra <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> ſit, quæ ſanè difficultas agitauit Auerroëm, & Albertum: nanque <lb></lb>opponebat Auerroës temporis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> in numero eſſe collocatam: at numerus ſine anima eſſe nequit, <lb></lb>nec tempus igitur. </s> <s>Rurſus quia quicquid ex toto non eſt, ſed ex parte duntaxat, eſt in anima ſolùm, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5085"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vis eſt cogere diſperſa, & præſentia cum præteritis <expan abbr="futuriſq́">futuriſque</expan>. </s> <s>iungere: tempus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt huiuſmo<lb></lb>di, & Albertus contrà. </s> <s>Quia ſi tempus in anima foret ſolùm, ergo ad nullum prædicamentum referri <lb></lb>poſſet, refertur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad quantum. </s> <s>Prætereà ceſſante omni animæ functione tempus actu non eſſet, ſed <lb></lb>poteſtate tantùm: quare & eius opera eſſe quidem poſſent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen eſſent. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> conſeneſceret ho<lb></lb>mo, ſi cogitatio nulla foret, quod tamen dici nullo modo poteſt. </s> <s>At verò ſiquid eſt numerabile in men<lb></lb>te; ergo aliquid eſt in rebus, quapropter numerari poſsit, nec ſecus, àc ſi paries viſilis eſt, adeſſe opor<lb></lb>tet <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> principium, per quod aſpici queat. </s> <s>Rurſus quia nec illud neceſſe eſt, vt altero ſublato ex <lb></lb>iis quæ inter ſe reſpiciunt, fundamentum habitudinis deſtruatur. </s> <s>Quinetiam vacante <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> opera mentis <lb></lb>in motu ſunt prius & poſterius, è quibus oritur tempus. </s> <s>Obiecta <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ex acceptis ſine vllo negocio <lb></lb>euertuntur. </s> <s>quandoquidem ſi tempus in actu ſumatur; in anima ſubſiſtit; ſi verò materiam reſpicias, <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> extra animam. </s> <s>& Auerroës in eo deceptus eſt, quòd putauit vniuerſam eſſentiam temporis in <lb></lb>numero eſſe <expan abbr="poſitã">poſitam</expan>, cùm in eo tantùm reſideat eius actus per quem ſeſe offert cognitrici facultati, vt ſi <lb></lb>coloris actus in eo maneat, vt viſilis ſit, & color per illiuſmodi actum definiatur, eo certè non conſiſtit <lb></lb>natura coloris, ſed per illud nobis aperitur, vt expleatur alterum munus definitionis, quod ſpectat ad <lb></lb>perſpicuitatem. </s> <s>Quid etiam ſi dicamus conuenienter cum his quæ olim de actu ſecundo decreta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>; <lb></lb>cum colorem, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tempus pari <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> definiri per actum <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> per quem <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> omni perfectione cu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5086"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mulata ſunt? </s> <s>nam quòd <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> perſpicui terminati ſit color, in cauſſa eſt, vt afficiat viſum: ſic quòd <lb></lb>ſit prius & poſterius in numero, ponetur eius cauſſa, quòd numerari poſsit. </s> <s>ita per <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> actum tem<lb></lb>pus exprimetur: nam ſecundus requirit primum, & ſimul & rei naturæ, & captui noſtro conſuletur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Prætereà falſum aſſumpſit Auerroës. </s> <s>Quicquid ex toto non eſſet, ſed ex parte ſolùm, in anima prorſus <lb></lb>eſſe. </s> <s>quia <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> id eſſet <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> eorum quæ in ſucceſsione poſita ſunt: ita motus in re nihil eſſet, ſed <lb></lb>in anima tantùm, nec vidit id quod ex toto dicitur exiſtere, duplex eſſe vel ſecundùm vniuerſas partes <lb></lb>ſimul, quod tantùm <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> permanentibus, vel ſecundùm <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> parteis ſucceſsiuè, quod iis accidit ſo<lb></lb>lùm quæ ſucceſsione conſiſtunt. </s> <s>quanquam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> propriè talium parteis exiſtunt, ſed termini partium; <lb></lb>Quoniam verò termini illarum ſunt vel actu, vel poteſtate, & diuiſiones, aut coniunctiones; ſunt per <lb></lb>terminos copulantes, & poteſtate; ſic motus eſt per <expan abbr="mutatũ">mutatum</expan> eſſe quod eſt finis præteriti, & initium fu<lb></lb>turi: quare præteritum eſt, quia fuit præſens per illud <expan abbr="mutatũ">mutatum</expan> eſſe, & erit futurum, quòd erit per <expan abbr="inſtãs">inſtans</expan> <lb></lb>quod tum pręſens erit: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id cum in qualibet parte motus notari queat ex illo efficitur, vt totus exti<lb></lb>terit, licet non ſint omnes eius partes vnà. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> de tempore dicendum eſt. </s> <s>Ergo ſatis eſt, ſi ea <lb></lb><expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> eſt ſucceſsio, ſint hoc modo: nec ob id in anima ſubſiſtunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> planè fatear <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> parteis <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>ſimul in anima ſola reſidere, quia tametſi continuè labuntur, imaginem ſui tamen in phantaſia relin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5087"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quunt, & eius ope in vnam ſpeciem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quidem <expan abbr="indiuiduã">indiuiduam</expan> à mente coguntur, ſed de hoc modo <lb></lb>quo res ipſas eſſe contingit, nihil agimus in præſentia. </s> <s>Neque noſtram ſententiam oppugnant ea quę <lb></lb>obiecit Albertus, quia ſi quatenus eſt in anima, eſt imago <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, & ad nullum <expan abbr="prædicamẽtum">prædicamentum</expan> refertur; <lb></lb>at nos <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illi tribuimus, quòd alio modo ſit, & extra <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>. </s> <s>& damus ipſum non eſſe <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> actu, hoc <lb></lb>eſt actu cognitum, & in actu perfecto, quo pacto diximus definiri tempus ipſum 4. Phyſ. <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> animæ fun<lb></lb>ctione ceſſante, ſed tamen, nil ſimpliciter fore negamus; etenim illud perpetuò manere dicimus, quod <lb></lb>eius <expan abbr="ſtratũ">ſtratum</expan> facimus, & in eo partium <expan abbr="ſeriẽ">ſeriem</expan>, ex qua tempus extat. </s> <s>Quæ verò à Iunioribus afferuntur, <expan abbr="ſen-tentiã">ſen<lb></lb>tentiam</expan> noſtram confirmant, quia forma illa ſignificat potius <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſecundùm, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> primum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſic tamen, <lb></lb>vt primus excludatur, vt viſile indicat, non <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> quidem primum coloris, ſed ſecundùm: quare, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> viſile non eſſet ſenſu ſublato, & ſic in anima ſolùm permaneret, aut per <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> foret; id verò <lb></lb>quod de primo actu obtinet, anima etiam pereunte ſupereſſet; ſic de tempore concludendum eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem, etſi in actu ſecundo eſſet imago, & ſpecies tantùm, & in nullo prædicamento continere<lb></lb>tur: at in actu primo eſt prędicamentum. </s> <s>Et ſigillatim ad obiectionem <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan>: quanuis Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>diſtinxerit tempus & motum per actum & poteſtatem: detur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id nunc reluctantibus interpretationi <lb></lb>noſtræ, & ob id conceſſerit Iandunus, tempus fore potentia anima ipſa feriante; reſpondemus ſic <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <lb></lb>fore, vt in potentia ſit ſuperſtes, ea ſcilicet quæ dirigitur ad actum. </s> <s>ſecundùm tamen illud item eſſe in <pb pagenum="887"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5088"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potentia prima: prorſus inficior. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ordo ille qui verè eſt eſſentia temporis, tanquam coloris ex<lb></lb>tremum perſpicui terminati, ſupereſt, & reipſa totum eſt, licet per ſucceſsionem ſubſiſtat, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum diximus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5081"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5082"></margin.target>b C. de ad <lb></lb>aliquid.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5083"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5084"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5085"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5086"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5087"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5088"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm ſit idem tempus omnibus commune, an <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> proprium. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ILLVD verò omnium difficillimum ad decernendum de tempore. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne ſit vnum omnium <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> tempus, cùm ſint multa mutationum genera circum ſubſtantiam, quantum, quale, & vbi; <lb></lb>& in hoc vel elementi, dum gignitur, vel poſtquàm genitum eſt quæ omnes in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> fiunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita vt <lb></lb>omnes ſimul fieri poſsint: an ſingulę <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> tempus ſibi vendicent quod ipſas metiatur. </s> <s>ac ſi <lb></lb>vnius mutationis numerus, & tempus vnum; quæ'nam illa ſit, quòd ſi <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> etiam <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan> menſura <lb></lb>ponatur, ſit'ne <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> vno modo. </s> <s>Non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> putaueris <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan>, eo quòd tempus vnum eſt, quòd ſi <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> <lb></lb>numerus eſſet, plura etiam tempora ſimul eſſe viderentur, quod ſanè fieri nequit; niſi vnum in altero <lb></lb>contineatur, vt pars; nec vnius item; quandò omnes tempore fiunt, & poſſunt fieri ſimul. </s> <s>Et ad eam <lb></lb>quæſtionem reſpondet Ariſtoteles; veruntamen vt eius <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, quanuis perſpicua, contineat receſſus ab<lb></lb>ditiſsimos. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur dat vtrunque, & omnes motus eſſe in tempore, & vnum eſſe <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> tempus. </s> <s>ac <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5089"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primi quidem ratio hęc eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: nam tempus non eſt numerus lationis, nec alterationis, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt, ſed eſt numerus motus, quatenus motus eſt, qui mentis auxilio à ſingulis eius partibus ſeuocatur, <lb></lb>vbi igitur adſit ratio motus, ibi quoque neceſſe eſt adeſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> illius, quod eſt tempus, ea .ſ. </s> <s>ratione <lb></lb>qua motus illi continuum quid ſunt, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia multi, nam quatenus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> multitudinis <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> præ<lb></lb>ferunt, numerus eorum eſt, ille nimirum qui <expan abbr="cõflatur">conflatur</expan> ex vnitatibus, ſed quatenus ſinguli, ſiue vnus ſit, <lb></lb>ſiue plures ſimul, habent continuitatem & <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan>, ſic ſunt obnoxij tempori. </s> <s>Vnum verò tempus <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> eſt, non ſecus àc numerus, qui idem eſt, vt duitas hominum & equorum: eadem eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma nu<lb></lb>meri, ac ſiqua differentia conſpicitur in illa, ea certè pendet à ſubiecto. </s> <s>hæc eſt Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>. </s> <s>quæ ſatis cla<lb></lb>ra eſt, vt diximus: <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> explicare rationem qua <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> tempus ſit plurium <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan>, haud facilè putem: <lb></lb>cùm quia cogimur aut dare aliquid motui <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> contra ea quæ ab huiuſce voluminis initio decreta <lb></lb>ſunt, aut non ſeruare ſimilitudinem numeri, & temporis ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua numerus eſt, adamuſsim. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>non eſt numerus alterationis, vt alteratio eſt, & <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan>, quatenus <expan abbr="hũui">hunui</expan>, ſed quà ſunt motus: ergo vi<lb></lb>dentur in <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ratione conuenire quæ tamen non datur. </s> <s>Deinde quæro de numero illo qui <lb></lb>pertinet ad <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>, & adhuc fit, & quà certa collectio menti ſeſe offert, vnde numerorum formæ varian<lb></lb>tur, ex quo per repetitionem definitur, vt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> voce, & numeri natura, & eiuſdem productio explane<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5090"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eadem ſolent eſſe generationis initia, & quòd res ipſa ſit. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> credo <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> numeri eſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="vnitatẽ">vnitatem</expan>, ſed principium vt materia; ſicuti ſi linea fingatur ex puncti fluxu produci: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> punctus eſt <lb></lb>vt materia, ſed eius repetitionem certam. </s> <s>Sicut igitur ſe habet vnitas extra <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> numerus <lb></lb>ſe habeat neceſſe eſt: atqui vnitas aut eſt nota diſcretionis quę pertinet ad <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan>, aut <foreign lang="grc">ἐπαναβαίνει</foreign>, <lb></lb>ideſt, tranſilit decem prædicamenta, qua <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> eſt id quod eſt, vnum. </s> <s>quòd ſi hanc poſteriorem de<lb></lb>deris: non igitur vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt vnitatum collectio, ſed pro ratione rerum quę numero ſubiiciuntur, <lb></lb>neque idem ego ſum, ac tu & vnus <expan abbr="egõ">egom</expan>, ac tu vnus item: multò magis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vnus tu, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnus equus; quo <lb></lb>fit, vt plures homines à pluribus equis ſegregentur. </s> <s>proinde in calce 4. Phyſ. ab Ariſt. </s> <s>pronunciatum <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">οὐ δὲ δέκα τά ἀυτα</foreign>, ideſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> decem eadem. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> legimus; non autem <foreign lang="grc">οὐ δε δὲ κατὰ ἀυτὰ</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>neque <lb></lb>verò ſecundùm ipſa. </s> <s>Si autem numerus fuerit de prædicamento quanti, & vnus <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, quà <expan abbr="diſcre-tionẽ">diſcre<lb></lb>tionem</expan> ſubſtantiæ & quanti ſignificat. </s> <s>certè vniuocus eſt. </s> <s>Nunc de tempore percunctor an ſit numerus <lb></lb>qui abſtractum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> imitetur, an eum qui <expan abbr="quãtitas">quantitas</expan> diſcreta eſt: ſi verò hunc dederis, <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> igitur tem<lb></lb>pus eſt pluribus motibus; veluti numerus hic, per <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, quòd ſi alterum fatearis: ſicut ergo <lb></lb>plures vnitates; nam ſua <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> propria eſt, & ſuum igitur <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> mutationis <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> tempus. </s> <s>quare <lb></lb>plura <expan abbr="tẽpora">tempora</expan> ſimul eſſe poterunt <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> vnum alterius non ſit pars. </s> <s>Videtur poſſe dici <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> vnum <lb></lb>eſſe, & vnitatem ex eo, quòd ſiquod diſcrimen aſpicitur in illo, id omne à ſubiecto <expan abbr="petendũ">petendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5091"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſiquis <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> citra <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> ſpectare velit, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> vna eſt, & ſimplex. </s> <s>Aut ſecundò, quia ſit vnitas <foreign lang="grc">ἐξηρημέ νον</foreign><lb></lb>quid; ideò <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> varietatem participare dicemus <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan><expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, ſicuti <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> lignea menſura <expan abbr="variat̃">variatur</expan>, ſeu <expan abbr="pã-num">pan<lb></lb>num</expan>, ſeu <expan abbr="lapidẽ">lapidem</expan> metiaris. </s> <s>ita fortaſſe de <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> dicetur. </s> <s>At ſi primum illud defendamus, <expan abbr="quemadmo-dũ">quemadmo<lb></lb>dum</expan> vnitas in <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> tum degenerat, ſic tempus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> erit, at id non quæritur nunc, ſed an'ne ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> vnum ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> ſecundùm dici non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quia tempus deſcribitur per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & ab illo præfinitur, <lb></lb>ita vt ſine ipſo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſſe, neque concipi poſsit, haud aliter, ac <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> ſine ſuo ſtrato. </s> <s>Mitto <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>appellat tempus <foreign lang="grc">ἑξιν ἢ πάθος</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s><expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, ſiue affectionem; quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt hæc conſecutio neceſſaria: <lb></lb>eſt habitus, aut affectio; ergo intrinſecum: cùm poſsit item eſſe <expan abbr="extetnũ">extetnum</expan> & aduentitium <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> lumen, <lb></lb>& ſicuti <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> lumen vnum defenderit, quanuis diuerſa <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> genera illuſtret; ſic & vnum <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <lb></lb>ad diuerſos motus pertinere fortè conceſſerit. </s> <s>Mihi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> prout ea duo ſunt quæ ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="proponunt̃">proponuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vtrùm tempus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> motuum ſit menſura, nec'ne. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vtrùm ſit vnum <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, an plura ad numerum; <lb></lb>videntur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> duo poni ab Ariſtotele, primum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quòd omnes motus in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="obeant̃">obeantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Alterum verò, quòd in tempore genus <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> mutationum fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Atqui hæc conſtare non poſſunt, niſi <lb></lb>ſtatuamus eſſe <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> & metrum, ſiue <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, aut habitum vnius motus primò, deinde <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan>, <lb></lb>quatenus ad <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> referuntur. </s> <s>hic verò primus eſt <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis de quo ſupra <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, conuerſio nimi<lb></lb>rùm: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primò num erabitur à <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, per <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> verò <expan abbr="numerabunt̃">numerabuntur</expan> alij motus: ac ſi <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> libeat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <pb pagenum="888"></pb>mutationes illas <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόας</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>ſubitas referre ad tempus, quòd aliquid ante, & poſt ipſas exiſtat, quaſi tem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5092"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pore contineantur, aimus & id eas ad aliquid temporis referri; quoniam ad inſtans. </s> <s>Hoc ergo modo <lb></lb>temporis vnitas conſeruabitur, & vniuerſitas vna; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempus à motibus ſeuocare neceſſe erit, & <expan abbr="vni-tatẽ">vni<lb></lb>tatem</expan> in eo collocare, quatenus tale eſt, quæ eſt vnitas ſpecifica, ſed erit planè vnitas indiuidui. </s> <s>nec erit <lb></lb>extrinſecum quid & <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> à motu; nanque erit <expan abbr="adnexũ">adnexum</expan> motui illi primo. </s> <s>Neque coget nos, ſi dixerit <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>tempus eſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> motus, quatenus eſt motus, ponere in motu <expan abbr="communitatẽ">communitatem</expan>, quam poſuit ali<lb></lb>quando Simplicius, ſed vniuerſitas ordinis erit ſatis, quia .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> huiuſce primi ſit men<lb></lb>ſura primùm, & intrinſecùs. </s> <s>aliorum verò <expan abbr="ſecũdò">ſecundò</expan>, & extrinſecùs. </s> <s>Cui item obſtabit ea vox [quatenus] <lb></lb>quæ non neceſſariò notat <expan abbr="cõmunitatem">communitatem</expan> <expan abbr="vniuocã">vniuocam</expan>, ſed pertinet <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> per <expan abbr="cõmunitatem">communitatem</expan> quæ ducitur ab <lb></lb>ordine, & quam dicunt <expan abbr="analogicã">analogicam</expan>, veluti cùm dicitur Primum <expan abbr="Philoſophũ">Philoſophum</expan> verſari in ſpeculatione eius; <lb></lb>quod eſt, quatenus huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Quamobrem noto ſicut in rebus <expan abbr="cõmunitas">communitas</expan> duplex eſt: altera quidem <lb></lb>quæ natura prior eſt, quàm partes, vt in vniuocis, quam ex re appellamus: altera ex mente, quæ natura <lb></lb>poſterior. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pertinet ad ea quæ <expan abbr="trãſiliunt">tranſiliunt</expan> prædicamenta; ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nihil vetare, quin ea vox [qua<lb></lb>tenus] ad <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunitatem">communitatem</expan> <expan abbr="exprimendã">exprimendam</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan> poſsit quę reapſe nil ſubiicit ſibi pręter ipſas <lb></lb>parteis. </s> <s>& in eum <expan abbr="ſensũ">ſensum</expan> facillimè accipi poſſunt exempla Ariſtotelica de numero & vnitate, vt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> hęc <lb></lb>ſint; cùm quanto primum conueniant, deinde iis quæ non ſunt quanta, vt albedo. </s> <s>quia .ſ. </s> <s>vnus ſit pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5093"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mò quanti diſcreti, vt tale eſt, mox <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> puto ſimilitudinem eò procedere, vt ſit ratio <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, <lb></lb>& æqualis diſcretionis in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan>, ſed illò tantùm, vt ſit diuerſorum, <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quanti, dein reliquorum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>hoc ſufficit ad vnitatem temporis explanandam, & illud <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> defenditur, quòd ſi conuerſionis primò fit <lb></lb>numerus, ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eius, quatenus eſt talis motus, inde poſtmodò transferri ad notandum id quod omnia <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõplecticur">complecticur</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> nos anteà docuimus in iis contingere quæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, quòd ex illis vnum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> colligitur, cui terminus ille [quatenus] tribui poteſt. </s> <s>Sic dubitatio Themiſtij ſolui<lb></lb>tur, qua concludebatur tempus non eſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> generationis, quia non poſsit in ea conſiderari ratio <lb></lb>magnitudinis, à cuius <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> ordine ſumitur ratio temporis: etenim <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> fieri <foreign lang="grc">ἀθρόως</foreign>, ſed nos in primis <lb></lb>ſermonibus oſtendimus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> tempus etiam cadat in <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan>, vt in illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diuiſio, & <lb></lb>tempus obſeruentur. </s> <s>Et hæc ſententia fuit Auerrois, Alberti, & D. Thomę, licet Iandunus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> pro Auer<lb></lb>rois ſententia non receperit; ſed conuincitur ex ipſiuſmet verbis eius eſſe planè. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſic ſpecies tem<lb></lb>poris multiplicare cogimur, quod faciunt <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex his <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſſe dicentes, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan>, quia ſic <lb></lb>duo tempora ſimul eſſent <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> vnum non eſſet alterius pars, nec motus <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> <expan abbr="ſeorsũ">ſeorsum</expan> requi<lb></lb>ritur, quia ſufficit illa prima quæ controuerſionis eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> impediunt noſtra decreta contrariæ <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan>, <lb></lb>vt quòd <expan abbr="vnuſquiſq.">vnuſquiſque</expan> motus habeat prius & poſterius ab aliis motibus ſeparatum, & ſuiipſius <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, <lb></lb>quare <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuum tempus habeat ab <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> tempore ſecretum. </s> <s>Prętereà quòd tempus conſequitur mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5094"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum, vt motus eſt; ergo eſt <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> menſura intrinſeca & communis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> quod ad primum attinet, retor<lb></lb>queo facile argumentum. </s> <s><expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> per ſe vnum eſt per <expan abbr="vnitatẽ">vnitatem</expan> ab aliis ſeiugatam, vnitas igitur <lb></lb>vna non eſt, & tamen ipſi volunt <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe decadem <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> & equorum. </s> <s>Sed ita reſpondeo conce<lb></lb>dens <expan abbr="vnumquenq.">vnumquenque</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> habere tempus; nego tamen ipſum ab aliis eſſe <expan abbr="diſtinctũ">diſtinctum</expan>, quia dictum ſit tem<lb></lb>pus non eſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> primò, niſi vnius. </s> <s>Neque illud concedendum quod conſequi ponebatur, vt de <lb></lb>ſecundo iam dicam. </s> <s>eſt enim illud [quatenus] quod ponit <expan abbr="cõmunitatem">communitatem</expan> ordinis quæ pendet à men<lb></lb>te, non autem ſubiectorum, & partium quæ à reipſa deriuatur. </s> <s>& hanc ego puto fuiſſe Ariſtotelis opi<lb></lb>nionem ad pios viros veritate more noſtro reiecta.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5089"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5090"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5091"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5092"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5093"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5094"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatio loci cuiuſdam ad extremum 4. Phyſ. Cap. </s> <s>XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX his quæ poſuimus, licet <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> afferre lucem loco illi qui extremus eſt 4. Phyſ. nam ſi defendamus <lb></lb>vnitatem temporis & numeri quam nuper indicauimus, facilè erit & temporis vnitatem ſeruare, <lb></lb>& verbis <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> ſenſum tribuere. </s> <s>Iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dictum eſt, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe inſtans propter quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tempus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quia ſubſiſtat in multis ſubiectis, idcirco multiplicatur, ſed quia per ſe vnum ſit non habens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5095"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ſeipſo differentiam per quam diſtinguatur, quatenus tale eſt. </s> <s>quòd ſi quo pacto diſcrimen accipiat, <lb></lb>id accidit per prius & poſterius; ſicur etiam numerus qui diſtinguitur ex ordine, dum ſignificat diui<lb></lb>ſionem continuorum, & dum albi <expan abbr="diuiſionẽ">diuiſionem</expan> modò notat, aliàs dulcis, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ergo in extremo 4. repetitur <lb></lb>hiſce verbis. <foreign lang="grc">λέγεται δὲ ὀρθῶς καὶ ὁτι ὁ ἀριθμὸς μὲν ὁ ἀυτὸς ὁ τὡν προβάτων καὶ τῶν κυνῶν εἰ ἶσος <lb></lb>ἐκάτερος. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">δακὰς δὲ οὐκ ἡ αν̓τὴ οὐδὲ δέκα τὰ ἀυτὰ, ὧσπερ οὐδὲ τρίγωνα τὰ αὐτὰ τὸ ἰσόπλευρον καὶ τὸ <lb></lb>σκαληνὸν, καὶ τοι σχῆμάγε τὸ αὐτὸ ὁτι τρίγωνα ἄμφω. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τ' ἀυτὸν γὰρ λέγεται οὗ μῆ δίαφέρει διαφορᾶ ἀλλ' <lb></lb>οὐχὶ οὖ διαφέρει, οἷον τρίγωνον τριγώνου διαφορᾷ δίαφέρει. τοι γὰρ οὗν ἑτερα τρίγωνα, σχῆμα δὲ σχήματος <lb></lb>οὔ, ἀλλ' ἐν τῆ αὐτ' διαιρέσει καὶ μιᾷ. σχῆμᾶ γὰρ τὸ μὲν το όνδε κύκλος, το δὲ τοιόνδε τρίγωνον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τούτου δὲ τὸ <lb></lb>μὲν τοιόνδε ἰσόπλεσρον, τοδὲ τοιόνδε σκαηνὸν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">σχῆμα μὲν οὖν τὸ ἀυτὸ καὶ τοῦτο τρίγωνον γὰρ. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τρίγωνον <lb></lb>δὲ οὐ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς δὴ ὁ αὐτὸς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὐ γὰρ διαφέρει ἀριθμοὖ διαφορᾷ, ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτῶν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">δεκὰς δὲ οὐχ ἡ ἁει <lb></lb>τή, ἐφ' ὧν γὰρ λέγεται διαφέρει, τὰ μὲν γἀρ κυν̂ευτὰ δὲ ἱππὸι</foreign>. </s> <s>“Rectè autem dicitur, & quòd nume<lb></lb>rus ſanè idem qui ouium, & <expan abbr="canũ">canum</expan>, ſi æqualis vterque, duas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non eadem, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> decem eadem. </s> <s>quem<lb></lb>admodum <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="triãgula">triangula</expan> eadem ambo. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicitur, à quo non differt per <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan>, ſed non à quo <lb></lb>differt, vt <expan abbr="triangulũ">triangulum</expan> à <expan abbr="triãgulo">triangulo</expan> per <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> differt. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> igitur altera triangula. </s> <s>figura <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à figura <lb></lb>nequaquam, ſed in vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>diuiſione. </s> <s>figura <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> talis quidem circulus, talis verò triangulum. </s> <s>huius <lb></lb><expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> tale quidem æquilatus, tale verò cruribus impar, figura igitur eadem & hæc; triangulum enim.” <pb pagenum="889"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5096"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Triangulum verò non idem, & numerus ſanè idem: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> differt per numeri differentiam numerus <lb></lb>ipſorum; decas verò non <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>; de quibus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicitur differunt. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> canes, nonnulli equi. </s> <s>Inquit igitur <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ſe habere vt numerum; eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id peculiare eſt, vt vbi ſit æqualis, vnus ſit, <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> autem diſcrepet; <lb></lb>quia modò in his ſit, mox in illis. </s> <s>Sed quod interpretes ipſi <expan abbr="accipiũt">accipiunt</expan> in numero ſeparatim, quod à ſubie<lb></lb>ctis differentias aſſequatur, & inde coguntur attribuere numero ſpeciei <expan abbr="partitionẽ">partitionem</expan>, & indiuidui, ex quo <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> eò procedunt, vt <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> item ſimili modo partiantur; nos aut <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> partitionem numero ipſi denega<lb></lb>mus, aut ſi hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dederimus, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in eo <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> ſpectamus, ſed in <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> generatim <expan abbr="sũpta">sumpta</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ea verò differentia quæ in numero numerabilis ipſius eſt, & efficit multa indiuidua, in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <expan abbr="varieta-tẽ">varieta<lb></lb>tem</expan> rationis efficit tantum; quemadmodum ſuprà cum Ariſt. </s> <s>decretum eſt. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id inficiari licet in <lb></lb>temporis partibus eſſe <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan>, ſed iam diximus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> rationis eſſe: tamen hîc ſignificari per <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> <lb></lb>numeri quam ſubiectis <expan abbr="acceptã">acceptam</expan> refert. </s> <s>cuius item ſi talis habitudo eſſet, vt nuper indicauimus, abſolu<lb></lb>ta <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſimilitudo inter <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, & tempus extaret. </s> <s>Quod verò hactenus teſtati ſumus, pertinet ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> numeratum: nam de numerante <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> eſt, an propter ſubiecta diuidatur in plureis numero dif<lb></lb>ferenteis, & an id ſit numerati ſolius, & ego facillimè defendi poſſe credo <expan abbr="numerantẽ">numerantem</expan>, quatenus nume<lb></lb>rat, eſſe ita vnum, quemadmodum eſſentiæ quatenus abſtrahuntur à materia, & <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, & <expan abbr="cãdem">candem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="vni-tatẽ">vni<lb></lb>tatem</expan>, & decada <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> qua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> numerari poſſunt, & ſingula, & decem, quòd ſi numero ſeparentur; iam <lb></lb>fallere nos <expan abbr="faciẽtes">facientes</expan> <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> numeri ſpeciem quæ numeratus appellatur. </s> <s>Et quanuis hîc obiicias tempus: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5097"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe numerum numeratum: at eſt numeratus, quia non eſt numerus ille ſine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> adiecto; tamen id <lb></lb>quod adiicitur ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> numerantem per quod efficitur tempus, non immutat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> peruertit in eo <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> numeri <expan abbr="numerãtis">numerantis</expan>, quatenus ſpectat ad <expan abbr="indiuiduorũ">indiuiduorum</expan> multitudinem, & fortaſſe <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> numeratus <lb></lb>notat <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> vnius <expan abbr="eiuſdemq́">eiuſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>numeri numerantis ad diuerſa numerabilia. </s> <s>His animaduerſis <expan abbr="cõ-cludo">con<lb></lb>cludo</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> idem eſſe, vt tempus, ſicut idem inſtans, & in eo reperiri <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> quæ diuerſum <lb></lb>numero non efficiat propter varietatem ſubiectorum; quamobrem dicere oporteat, quot ſunt motus <lb></lb>æquales, tametſi infiniti, dum vnà ſint, habere <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſua tempora, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem paria motibus <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> nu<lb></lb>mero, & ſubiecto ſeparata; quemadmodum motus illi quos ea <expan abbr="tẽpora">tempora</expan> metiuntur, ſed intercedere tan<lb></lb>tùm diſcrimen rationis quod ab Ariſt. </s> <s>demonſtratur in numero ex varietate ſubiectorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> verò <lb></lb>duabus regulis ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõprehenduntur">comprehenduntur</expan>, pro quarum intelligentia ſcire conuenit. </s> <s>Differentias alicu<lb></lb>ius eſſe per quas illud tanquam <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> diſtinguatur in ſuas parteis, vt ſcientiæ <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> ponenda eſt <lb></lb>per quam vna ſcientia ab altera ſeiugatur. </s> <s>verbigratia quae ſit de ſubſtantia mobili. </s> <s>de eo, quod eſt vniuer<lb></lb>sè. </s> <s>& animalis differentia, per quam hoc animal cum alio differt, vt <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> particeps, & <expan abbr="brutũ">brutum</expan>. </s> <s>ex quo <expan abbr="ef-ficit̃">ef<lb></lb>ficitur</expan>, vt ea quæ <expan abbr="cõueniunt">conueniunt</expan> in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> differentia, fint <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> in eo cuius eſt illa differentia, & contrà. </s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>conueniant in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> differentia eius in quo conueniunt, differant ſecundùm illud. </s> <s>exemplig. </s> <s>Socraets <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5098"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& Plato, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſeiungunt̃">ſeiunguntur</expan> per <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> animalis; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eadem animalis differentia de <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> prę<lb></lb>dicatur: ergo ſunt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> animalia: contra per <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> <expan abbr="diſtinguunt̃">diſtinguuntur</expan>; non ergo ſunt <expan abbr="hoĩes">homines</expan> <lb></lb>iidem. </s> <s>ſic triangulus à triangulo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſecernitur per <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> figuræ; ſunt igitur eædem figuræ, ſed quae <lb></lb>æquilatus ab eo cuius paria crura ſunt, per differentias trianguli <expan abbr="ſeparat̃">ſeparatur</expan>, triangulus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> non eſt; <expan abbr="vtręq.">vtręque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> regulæ requirunt differentias quæ ſingularia reſpiciant. </s> <s>vnde apparet inanem eſſe conatum <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> <lb></lb>Philoponi aduerſus ipſas. </s> <s>Prętereà non fieri in ipſis mentionem de diſtinctione ſpecifica ſolùm, & quę <lb></lb>traditur per differentias quæ pertinent ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, ſed etiam de <expan abbr="indiuiduorũ">indiuiduorum</expan> diſcrimine quod per acci<lb></lb>dentia & externa aſsignatur: quo fit vt non <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſit norma qua <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> & diuerſa genere, ſpecie, & nu<lb></lb>mero diſtinguuntur, ſed quia ſimpliciter <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ab altero diſtinguatur, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ſeparetur. </s> <s>ſic de <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, & inſtanti dicendum eſt, quandò <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ab altero non ſeiugatur per ſuas differentias, quia ſit men<lb></lb>ſura generationis, & alterationis. </s> <s>vnum <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>igitur eſt inſtans; ſic vnum & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> tempus. </s> <s>Sed differen<lb></lb>tiæ temporis ſunt prius, & poſterius; quapropter ſi differentia in tempore exiſtat, ea certè ab hoc <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <lb></lb>ordine petetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> erit præteriti & futuri, quod vt in cauſſa prius exiſtit in motu, in tempore prius, vt <lb></lb>ſigno, & nota, & hę <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> efficient partes, & ſpecies quæ nihilo magis vnitati motus aduerſentur; ita <lb></lb>enim fert naturæ ſucceſsiuorum <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> partes omnes vnà non conſiſtunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſunt vnum ſimpliciter, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5099"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>veluti <expan abbr="permanẽtia">permanentia</expan>. </s> <s>veruntamen ſubiecti cauſſa <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> <expan abbr="diſtinguent̃">diſtinguentur</expan>. </s> <s>& in hoc eſt ratio diſpar numeri & <lb></lb>temporis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi numerus numeratus adſit, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, ſeparatur ex ſubiecto. </s> <s>cuius rei cauſſa ta<lb></lb>lis eſt, quia numerus hic notat vnà <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & eius certam multitudinem: at tempus non ſignificat cer<lb></lb>tum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, niſi vnum. </s> <s>& reliqua ſerie quadam: non igitur petit differentias à ſubiectis. </s> <s>Habes nunc <lb></lb>ex hac interpretatione. </s> <s>Tempus indiuidui diſtinctionem acceptam non referre ſubiectis. </s> <s>& ita defen<lb></lb>ditur à repugnantia poſitio noſtra, & in verbis Ariſtotelis mirus conſenſus obſeruatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5095"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5096"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5097"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5098"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5099"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ediſſeritur quemadmodum tempus ſit menſura motus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>TEMPVS ſępe prædicatum eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>numerus ſimul, & menſura. </s> <s>de eo, quòd fit numerus, hacte<lb></lb>nus ſatis; ſed quantum pertinet ad <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan>, dubitationem id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> potuit afferre, <expan abbr="quemadmo-dũ">quemadmo<lb></lb>dum</expan> hoc <expan abbr="attributũ">attributum</expan> illi conueniat, quandò menſurę conditiones ab illo non <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> alienas perſpicias. </s> <s>nam <lb></lb>menſura, vt ſępe dictum eſt, in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere vult eſſe prima, vna, & æquabilis. </s> <s>& ita ſe habet <expan abbr="tãquam">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>pars eius quod metiri inſtituimus, & res ipſa <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> eſt menſura toties repetita. </s> <s>At <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc cum tempo<lb></lb>re non admodùm congruere videntur. </s> <s>quippe quae tempus non ſit pars motus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plura tempora repe<lb></lb>tita <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> producant. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item certa ſit nobis per ſe temporis quantitas, quippe quòd eius inſtans ſo <pb pagenum="890"></pb>lum nobis noteſcat ex eo, quae in motu prius <expan abbr="poſteriuſq́">poſteriuſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit. </s> <s>quamobrem motum <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> potius repu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5100"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes, quàm tempus. </s> <s>Id in præſentia <expan abbr="tractandũ">tractandum</expan>, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maxime, quòd huius rei pernoſcendæ cauſſa digreſsi <lb></lb>ſumus ad explicandum de natura temporis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oſtendendum quo pacto in eo ratio menſuræ <expan abbr="ſeruet̃">ſeruetur</expan>, <lb></lb>cum propter perſpicuitatem, tum propter <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan> generis: quandoquidem anteà monſtratum eſt, <lb></lb>vt tempus ſit menſura motus, ſed contrà etiam <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> temporis <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> poſuimus, quia nimirùm mul<lb></lb>ti temporis iter hinc in Indiam eſſe nouimus; quaſi multum <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan>, & motus multus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> perducat nos <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> multi <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>: atqui motus duplex eſt rectus inquam, & conuerſio; ex his conuerſio prima <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>exploratiſsima propter aſtra quæ motu illo circumaguntur. </s> <s>quibus cum ſpatium, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>termini illius perſpicui fiunt. </s> <s>eſt item minimus in genere motuum; vtpote, quia nullus breuior motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ille <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> breuis eſt, qui modico tempore durat: at hic, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> velociſsimus, <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> breuiſsimè ef<lb></lb>fluit, dum conficit aliquod ſpatium: potes addere & illud, quòd vt remeet ad idem, efficit per minus <lb></lb>tempus, quàm rectus; quoniam hic, vt eò reuertatur, vnde diſceſsit, interrumpitur quiete: at conuer<lb></lb>ſio <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan> permanet. </s> <s>non ago nunc de vniuerſitate motus: etenim perpetua eſt, quia minimus, æqua<lb></lb>bilis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> contrà, quàm ſint alij motus, quos anteà demonſtrauimus accipere incrementum, & declina<lb></lb>re, quaſi præ paruitate ſit indiuiduus; per hunc ergo <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> cognoſcimus terminos aliorum motuum, <lb></lb>& temporis. </s> <s>nouimus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quantus ſit motus Solis, quod attinet ad ſpatium quod Sol peragrauit, noui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5101"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quantum fuerit tempus quo ſpatium illud confecit. </s> <s>& ita ſe habet tempus, vt ſignificet nobis <lb></lb>curſum aſtrorum. </s> <s>Proinde ex ortu Pleiadum, Canis, & Orionis, <expan abbr="exẽpli">exempli</expan> cauſſa ver, æſtas, & autumnus <lb></lb>deſignantur; attamen horum princeps, & quaſi dux eſt ipſe Sol, à cuius etiam curſu <expan abbr="pleręq.">pleręque</expan> temporis <lb></lb>partes duxere cognomen, ſeu <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eius <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan> <expan abbr="contineãt">contineant</expan>, ſiue repetitiones, ſeu certas <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> portiones: <lb></lb>nam primum <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> temporis diem, verbigratia, nominamus, ſiue <expan abbr="annũ">annum</expan>, cętera, aut ſunt dierum & <expan abbr="an-norũ">an<lb></lb>norum</expan> repetitiones, vt <expan abbr="mẽſes">menſes</expan>, luſtra & olympiades, aut partes, vt horæ, ex his <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> liquet, vt motus ille ſit <lb></lb>menſura temporis, prætereà vt ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motuum reliquorum menſura. </s> <s>ex quo illi accidit <foreign lang="grc">τὸ συγγενὲς</foreign>, <lb></lb>quòd .ſ. </s> <s>in genere conueniat, quod menſuræ proprium eſſe diximus. </s> <s>fac modò tu tempus huius motus <lb></lb>eſſe menſuram, quo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> metimur omneis alios motus; & tempus igitur, vt <expan abbr="mẽſura">menſura</expan> referetur ad id quod <lb></lb>eſt generis eiuſdem, eo prorſus modo quo ponimus <expan abbr="vlnã">vlnam</expan> <expan abbr="ligneã">ligneam</expan> quæ menſura eſt certæ quantitatis, in <lb></lb>panno, & <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> generis cum eo fatemur eſſe, quia nimirùm nobis <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> panni ſignificet cuius longitu<lb></lb>do ſit vnius vlnæ qua <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> pannum metiri licet. </s> <s>ſic tempus repręſentat nobis <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> motum qui ponitur <lb></lb>primus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> aliorum. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita menſura eſt, & ad idem genus reducitur; ſi non ſimpliciter, vt ipſe mo<lb></lb>tus: at quia ſit nota motus illius qui eſt generis eiuſdem, aut ſaltem analogicè. </s> <s>Quapropter antiqui ex <lb></lb>affinitate maxima quæ <expan abbr="tẽpori">tempori</expan> cum conuerſione intercedebat, <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ab eo motu non diſtinxerunt, ſed <lb></lb>& pronunciarunt, & crediderunt <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſſe conuerſionem; cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tempus haberetur ſine controuer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5102"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſia pro menſura <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> cęterorum, & conuerſio talis eſſet menſura qua cùm alij motus, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tem<lb></lb>pus exploraretur: potuerunt facilè decipi genere illo fallaciæ quod dialectici ſecundùm conſequens <lb></lb>appellant. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita potuit hęc notio <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, vt non animos ſapientum ſolummodò tentaret; verùm <lb></lb>etiam vulgi, vt videre poſsis omni ex parte exundare probabilitatem: etenim <expan abbr="prouerbiũ">prouerbium</expan> illud circun<lb></lb>ferebatur, circulum eſſe negotia humana, nec ſolùm circulo <expan abbr="cõprehenduntur">comprehenduntur</expan> ea quæ ſunt apud nos, <lb></lb>ſed etiam diſcernuntur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt verſione rotę ſingularis fictilia multiplici figura formantur; ſic & à <lb></lb>cœli conuerſione varia apud nos efficiuntur. </s> <s>vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> res noſtras exemplo illo nobis poſuerit ante ocu<lb></lb>los Diuinus Hyppocrates. </s> <s>& ea prætereà quæ intra Lunæ ambitum fiunt, <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s>ortus & interitus, & <lb></lb>omnes planè viciſsitudines. </s> <s>quia .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc tempore indicantur, & per tempus initium, <expan abbr="finemq́">finemque</expan>. </s> <s>conſe<lb></lb>quuntur. </s> <s>circuitionem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> illam quam Ariſtoteles <foreign lang="grc">περὶοδον</foreign> appellat, ideſt, quandam <expan abbr="permanſionẽ">permanſionem</expan> <lb></lb>& terminos certæ cuiuſdam durationis: tempus autem eſt, vt circulus quidam; nam redit tempus, & <lb></lb>ver, & æſtas, atque anni, & ſęcula reuertuntur. </s> <s>ac ſiquando tempus elabi dicatur, vt apud illum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5100"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5101"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5102"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cuncta fluunt, <expan abbr="omnisq́">omnisque</expan>. </s> <s>vagans formatur imago<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ipſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aſſiduo labuntur tempora motu<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Non ſecus àc flumen: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim conſiſtere flumen<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5103"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5103"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec leuis hora poteſt, ſed vt vnda impellitur vnda<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Vrgeturq́">Vrgeturque</expan>. </s> <s>eadem veniens, <expan abbr="vrgetq́">vrgetque</expan>. </s> <s>priorem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tempora ſic fugiunt pariter, <expan abbr="pariterq́">pariterque</expan>. </s> <s>ſequuntur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et noua ſunt ſemper: nam quod fuit antè relictum eſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Fitq́">Fitque</expan>. </s> <s>quod haud fuerat, <expan abbr="momentaq́">momentaque</expan>. </s> <s>cuncta nouantur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>>At id euenit, ſi nos ipſos reſpexeris: nos enim mutamur.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Mutantur mores, & anni<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec plus illá placent quę placuere prius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>tempus autem permanet. </s> <s>Neque tamen ideò credas tu tempus heſternum iterum eſſe reuerſurum: <lb></lb>interit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> præteritum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> amplius eſt: id autem quod interiit, via naturali fieri nequit, vt redeat idem <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, ſed ita redire dicitur, quòd <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> aſtra reuertuntur, & ſuper eodem ſpatio motus eoſdem <lb></lb>peragunt, quæ ſic ſe habent ad tempus, vt inter ſe metiantur. </s> <s>Cùm tempus igitur ſit circulus quidam; <lb></lb>circulus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> propriè conuerſio ſit, & quòd eius menſura tempus eſt, nil mirum tibi videatur; ſiquando <lb></lb>tempus appellata conuerſio; fuerit nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hoc <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> corrigentes accipiemus ex eo ſolùm affinitatem, <lb></lb>quæ eſt inter <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> & <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, ſed inſuper adiungamus ea inter ſe metiri, & per hanc <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> <expan abbr="re-menſionẽ">re<lb></lb>menſionem</expan> tempus eſſe menſuram <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> cęterorum, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="cognationẽ">cognationem</expan> cum illis, tametſi ali</s></p> <pb pagenum="891"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5104"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantò <expan abbr="remotiorẽ">remotiorem</expan>, intercedere: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illa inter ſe habeant: nam <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> tanquam poſterius, <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan> <lb></lb>metiebatur. </s> <s>at conuerſio ſic metitur <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, vt eo prior ſit. </s> <s>Vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> magis perſpicuum redditur Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="pronunciatũ">pronunciatum</expan>, ſi conuerſio menſura <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> eſt quo metimur alios motus <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>à priori. </s> <s>Si menſura <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> <lb></lb>obtinet aliquem principatum; multò magis <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> eſſe conuerſionem defendere licebit. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>quae ad menſuræ <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> confert æquabilitas (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> congruit cum ipſa natura, cuius opera <expan abbr="perpetuã">perpetuam</expan> <lb></lb>ſimilitudinem conſeruare ſolent, nec varietatem admittunt, Lesbius ille canon, quem plumbeum eſſe <lb></lb>ſcribunt, vt ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> facilè aptari poſſet) ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam, quia motus cęli <expan abbr="metit̃">metitur</expan> reliquos motus, æqua<lb></lb>bilis item eſt. </s> <s>age & nunc aliqua de hac proprietate ſubiiciamus. </s> <s>Noſſe igitur licet duas oppoſitiones <lb></lb>in motu reperiri. </s> <s>Vniforme & difforme. </s> <s>Regulare & irregulare, inter quæ hoc diſcrimen extare dici<lb></lb>tur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illud reſpicit mobile & partes eius, quatenus cum motu <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. </s> <s>partibus confertur. </s> <s>ita vt <lb></lb>illud vniforme planè ſit, cuius partes cum toto pari velocitate concitantur. </s> <s>difforme <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod contrà <lb></lb>affectum eſt. </s> <s>Regulare verò ſe habet ad tempus, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>partes, quatenus confertur cum motu, & parti<lb></lb>bus motus, ſic vt totum tempus ad vniuerſum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & partes temporis ad <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> motum referantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic regularis eſt, quia totus eſt in toto tempore; pars <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in parte ſibi reſpondente. </s> <s>ſicuti pars dimidia <lb></lb>motus & pars dimidia temporis. </s> <s>Irregularis autem illi oppoſitus, vel cum <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan> æquis inæqualia <lb></lb>ſpatia peragrantur, vel cum tempore inæquali ſpatium æquale conficitur. </s> <s>Siquis igitur ſpectet motum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5105"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cœleſtem; nulli dubium eſt, quin ille ſit difformis; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pari velocitate maximi illi circuli cientur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ij qui polis vicini ſunt. </s> <s>cęterùm motus ille regularis eſt, cùm quilibet circulus magnus, ſeu paruus <lb></lb>ſit, totus æquali tempore mouetur, & eius dimidium in eo motu dimidium quoque temporis ponit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> regulæ obſeruatio ex duobus initiis ortum ducit, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> primum eſt circuli ipſius natura, <lb></lb>quatenus eiuſmodi figuram præſefert, quæ vndique apta eſt, & æquabilis, alterum verò eſt motor ille <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> inuariabilis à quo pendet. </s> <s>Quia verò in hanc conditionem inuehi poſsit hoc modo. </s> <s>Id quod tem<lb></lb>pore inæquali pertranſit partes æquales, mouetur irregulariter, ſed cœlum conficit circulum ſuum in <lb></lb>tota die naturali, & omnes circuitus æquales ſunt, dies verò naturalis <expan abbr="nequaquã">nequaquam</expan>, vt Aſtrologi <expan abbr="teſtant̃">teſtantur</expan>; <lb></lb>cœlum igitur tempore inæquali ſpatia conficit æqualia; quare motus eius non rectè ponitur regularis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad hoc dicendum, diem naturalem non eſſe adamuſsim tempus quo abſoluitur vnica reuolutio primi <lb></lb>mobilis, ſed accedit inſuper aliqua portio partis quæ peragratur à ſole, dum ab occaſu in ortum motu <lb></lb>proprio <expan abbr="cõcitat̃">concitatur</expan>, quæ pars, quia <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> maior, minor aliàs, inæquales efficit dies naturales. </s> <s>per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ergo <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan>, vt <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> reuolutionis in variis diebus <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan>, ſed per ſe quęlibet circuitio regularis eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5104"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5105"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid pars, quid ſpecies temporis, & cur à Sole metrum temporis accipiendum ſit. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5106"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5106"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PRAESENS, præteritum atque futurum tempora dici ſolent. </s> <s>Solent etiam dici tempora dies, <lb></lb>nox, menſis, annus, & luſtrum: quattuor item anni tempora ver, æſtas, autumnus & hyems, & oc<lb></lb>caſio quoddam <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſt: num'ne eadem appellationis in omnibus hiſce ratio? </s> <s>minimè verò: quan<lb></lb>dò priora illa eadem vbique, & apud omneis exiſtunt; dies autem non apud omnes idem. </s> <s>proptereà <lb></lb>priora illa ſpecies temporis; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> partes appellatæ ſunt. </s> <s>ſed cauſſa problematis non ſatis euidens, <lb></lb>licet à Proclo <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tractata, quòd miſticè Platonicorum more in ſublimiora principia rem <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> reſoluere <arrow.to.target n="marg5107"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conatus ſit, ſed his omiſsis quæ ſunt negocij cuiuſdam ſuperioris, ad noſtra veniamus. </s> <s>Quęrimus quid <lb></lb>temporis ſit ipſe dies. </s> <s>Etenim aut diem dicimus aërem qui à Sole <expan abbr="illuſtrat̃">illuſtratur</expan>, aut ſpatium illud per quod <lb></lb>ab ortu ad occaſum procedit Sol, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſpatium quo <expan abbr="cõficitur">conficitur</expan> vniuerſa conuerſio per <expan abbr="diẽ">diem</expan> ac noctem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm quidem dicimus aliquid in die fieri, quod in aëre non fit, vt ſi in centro terræ fiat; tum deinde <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> attributa diei ſunt, & aëris: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> breuem aut <expan abbr="longã">longam</expan> diem eſſe pronunciamus; non idcirco <lb></lb>aërem creuiſſe, aut decreuiſſe concipimus. </s> <s>Neque verò ſpatium illud diem eſſe dicemus quo Sol ab or<lb></lb>tu fertur in occaſum; nam ſiue ſpatium illud nudum <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſeuocata habitudine quam habeat ad ſolem, <lb></lb>ſeu cum illa habitudine ſimul <expan abbr="cõtemplemur">contemplemur</expan>; <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ſunt anguſtiæ: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> ſit apud <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan>, non tamen dies apud omneis idem eſt; ſi habitudinem quoque ad Solem concipere velimus, aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5108"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſimpliciter id facere licebit nulla habita ratione <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> quæ ſunt extra ſolem, aut cęteris <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> complexis: <lb></lb>ſi nulla cęterorum ratio habeatur; ſemper erit dies exemplicauſſa, nunquam nox; nihilominus etiam <lb></lb>nox <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> pars poſita eſt: ſi cęterorum <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> habere velimus, ſic pars temporis <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> non erit; quan<lb></lb>dò nunc dies hîc eſt, alibi nox, & tamen <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> temporis <expan abbr="punctũ">punctum</expan>, atque idem inſtans apud omneis exiſtit. <lb></lb></s> <s>An ex eo cognoſcitur ſpecies, quod de illa genus ſimpliciter prędicatur, & ea ipſa in ſe habet <expan abbr="vniuersã">vniuersam</expan> <lb></lb>generis <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> differentiam ſibi aſſumens quæ ſit interna, & pertineat ad eſſentiam: ſic tria tem<lb></lb>pora ſunt, præſens, <expan abbr="pręteritũ">pręteritum</expan> & futurum de quibus dicere verum eſt <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> motus ſecundùm prius & <lb></lb>poſterius: atqui dies, inquibat ipſe, & nox talia non ſunt, ſed præcipuè notant habitudinem quandam <lb></lb>primi mobilis ad ea quæ in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ſunt, quibus interualla motus illius metiamur, & terminos in tem<lb></lb>pore cognoſcamus; ita diem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dicimus eſſe <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> motus ſecundùm prius & poſterius, ſed eſſe <expan abbr="ha-bitudinẽ">ha<lb></lb>bitudinem</expan> & <expan abbr="præſentiã">præſentiam</expan> Solis in terris, <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> abſentiam noctem. </s> <s>Verùm quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> hæc ſunt circa tem<lb></lb>pus, & productionem, ſiue <expan abbr="durationẽ">durationem</expan>, & ſpatium continent; quanuis non ſint tempora formaliter; ſunt <lb></lb>tamen aliquid temporis, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> partes appellantur, non tempora ſimpliciter, eiuſúe ſpecies. </s> <s>Hæc ille, ni <lb></lb>fallor, aut ab his non valde aliena; ſiquidem ea pars ſcripti inibi non admodùm tuta mihi videatur: <lb></lb>quaſi tempus ſit, quod non reſpiciat aliud, ac ſpatium, & <expan abbr="durationẽ">durationem</expan>, in quibus poſitæ ſint præteriti & <lb></lb>futuri differentiæ quæ ſunt internæ; ſiquid vlterius adiiciat aliam quandam externam differentiam, <pb pagenum="892"></pb>illud non tempus, aut ſpecies temporis, ſed pars appellabitur. </s> <s>Attamen & rem diligentius exquirere <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5109"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>placet, & ad minimas quaſque particulas hoc loco diducere. </s> <s>Ac mihi quidem primò videtur totum <lb></lb>multiplex eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad parteis non vno modo ſe habere: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totum vt genus, quod ſecatur in ſpecies <lb></lb>per oppoſitas differentias, & in hoc eſt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> appellatio totius & partis; nam ſic prędicatur, vt de ſubie<lb></lb>cto; eſt & totum eſſentiale, quod in materiam <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>partitur; in his partes appellationem totius <lb></lb>non aſſequuntur; niſi materia cum hoc additamento, potentia, vt ſemen poteſtate animal. </s> <s>Hoc eodem <lb></lb>modo differre videntur locus & ſpatium, non ſanè illud quod à Stoicis acceptum eſt, ſed quantitas <lb></lb>ipſa ſuper qua fit motus: etenim loca ſunt ſuprà & infrà, & ad ea definitio loci <expan abbr="accõmodatur">accommodatur</expan>, vel <expan abbr="ex-tremũ">ex<lb></lb>tremum</expan> continentis, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> terminus motus, aut quietis naturalis: de ſpatio nihil <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> prædicatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>locus: nihilominus <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> eſt aliquid loci, vt quia materia; eſt locus <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <expan abbr="dũtaxat">duntaxat</expan>. </s> <s>eſt & totum quod <lb></lb>integrale vocant, conſtat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex partibus quantitatis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel vniforme, vel difforme; huius partes to<lb></lb>tius <expan abbr="rõe">rone</expan> non <expan abbr="potiunt̃">potiuntur</expan>; <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> illius àc partis, eſt & quartò <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> in modo, cùm ſimpliciter <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan>; <lb></lb>eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> partes ſunt, vbi illi quod <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan> ſimpliciter, aliqua <expan abbr="cõditio">conditio</expan> accedat extrinſecùs. </s> <s>in his <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> non <lb></lb>neceſſariò prędicatur; aliter perpetuò valeret à <expan abbr="ſm̃">ſummum</expan> quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>His ita <expan abbr="cõſtitutis">conſtitutis</expan> exploremus ſe<lb></lb>paratim eas quę <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> partes, ſiue ſpecies appellantur: ſunt, vt dixi, anni, dies, horæ, extentio illa ordi<lb></lb>nata in qua poſita ſunt prius & poſterius, anni <expan abbr="tẽpeſtates">tempeſtates</expan>, & occaſio. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> horum extentio quidem eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5110"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſicuti materia: nam ſi numeratio ſuperuenerit, & aduerſio prioris, & poſterioris; efficietur <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> abſolutè non erit, ſed potentia tantùm. </s> <s>Cętera partes erunt ex modo, quia .ſ. </s> <s>habitudine <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> <lb></lb>conſiſtunt, vel Solis ad terras, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel quatenus affert lucem, hinc verò <expan abbr="exorit̃">exoritur</expan> differentia diei & no<lb></lb>ctis, vel quatenus euariat in terra primas qualitateis, & inde quattuor anni tempora <expan abbr="deducũtur">deducuntur</expan>, vel ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="idoneã">idoneam</expan> oportunitatem faciendæ <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> rei, vel non faciendæ, & <expan abbr="appellat̃">appellatur</expan> occaſio: huic ſerius, ocyus, <lb></lb>& oportunum conueniunt. </s> <s>Horæ duplicem notionem præſeferunt, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> concipitur motus xxx. </s> <s>G. <lb></lb>cęli ſupra horizontem, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cum differentia <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan>, & habitudine ad <expan abbr="lucẽ">lucem</expan>, aut ad aliquid agendum, <lb></lb>ſed cùm varij ſint horizontes, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſt <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> Horarum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>; proptereà non eſt ſimpliciter <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed temporis pars, & vt in modo, quare & <foreign lang="grc">ὡρας</foreign> anni tempeſtates Græci vocarunt, & <expan abbr="horã">horam</expan> dicimus eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="matutinã">matutinam</expan> & <expan abbr="veſpertinã">veſpertinam</expan>, ac x. </s> <s>hora <expan abbr="veniã">veniam</expan>, & ſimilia, ſic prima hora, & prima vigilia. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò <lb></lb>tempora ſimpliciter illa ſunt pręſens, præteritum & futurum. </s> <s>In reliquis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> continetur <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> partes ſunt in modo; ſed eius quod eſt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> vniforme, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſucceſsiua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> vniformia, & ex con<lb></lb>ſimilibus partibus <expan abbr="cõponuntur">componuntur</expan> motus ex motibus, & tempus ex <expan abbr="tẽporibus">temporibus</expan> efficitur, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tempus de <lb></lb>illis quoquomodo prædicetur; itaque & de illis pręteritum <expan abbr="futurumq́">futurumque</expan>. </s> <s>conſimili ratione prædicatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ab occaſione trahit <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> prædicamentum, quod dicitur quando: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſignificat eſſe in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, <lb></lb>ideſt contineri à tempore, ſed ad actionem <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> tempus <expan abbr="accõmodat">accommodat</expan>, vt ad tempus belli, medicamen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5111"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ti, colloquij, & huiuſmodi. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de partibus <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> mihi viſa ſunt, quæ ad propoſitum diceremus. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5112"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Sed vt de tempore dicam: <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> dies tempus eſt; inde tamen prima <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> menſura colli<lb></lb>gitur: per lumen <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omne temporis interuallum eluceſcit quod in Sole potiſsimè reſidet. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> circui<lb></lb>tus vniuerſi definiuntur, & <expan abbr="antegreſsionũ">antegreſsionum</expan> termini noteſcunt: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>iure optimo propter officium lumi<lb></lb>nis quo cuncta illuſtrantur, & oculis noſtris exponuntur, <expan abbr="præcipuèq́">præcipuèque</expan>. </s> <s>cęli totius conuerſio; Soli ipſi at<lb></lb>tributum eſt; nanquo inter <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> ſtellas erranteis <expan abbr="exactiſsimũ">exactiſsimum</expan> habet <expan abbr="circuitũ">circuitum</expan> antegreſsionibus <expan abbr="regreſ-ſionibuſq́">regreſ<lb></lb>ſionibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>vacans, & quanuis luceat Luna: nam cętera non ita lucent, vt per ipſam <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quoquo pacto <lb></lb>proceſſum temporis agnoſcere liceat; at in eo ſuperatur, quae ad vnum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>punctum finitur Solis pro<lb></lb>greſſus inter meridiem & Septentrionem. </s> <s>progreſſus verò. </s> <s>Lunæ variis admodùm terminis abſolui ſo<lb></lb>let. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc præceptum aſtronomorum ex arcu eclipticæ ſupputari verum motum Solis, & ex eius in<lb></lb>ſpectioni, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> rei certiſsimę, <expan abbr="horarũ">horarum</expan> habere rationem <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Cùm igitur certior, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtantior">conſtantior</expan> ſit illius aſtri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5113"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motus; <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> menſura <expan abbr="conſtituit̃">conſtituitur</expan> <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> <expan abbr="menſurarũ">menſurarum</expan>; quippe quae ex ipſo cognoſcamus, & <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan> cir<lb></lb>cuitus, & <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> quas inter ſe <expan abbr="obtinuerũt">obtinuerunt</expan> velocitatis, & tarditatis. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="certiſsimũ">certiſsimum</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſit mot{9} <lb></lb>ſphęrę <expan abbr="inerrantiũ">inerrantium</expan>, <expan abbr="iſq́">iſque</expan>. </s> <s>verè <expan abbr="tpis">temporis</expan> menſura ſit; quippe qui ſit item eſſentia temporis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> tempus eſt men<lb></lb>ſura primi motus quem <expan abbr="merit̃">meritur</expan> æquator; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt partes vnius alterius partib. <expan abbr="reſpõdeant">reſpondeant</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>horæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5114"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>exortę. </s> <s>Siquidem æquator circulus in xii. </s> <s>ſigna, & <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> quodlibet <expan abbr="diſtribuit̃">diſtribuitur</expan> in xxx. </s> <s>partes inſtar Zo<lb></lb>diaci; eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partitionem cęteri <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> circuli <expan abbr="imitant̃">imitantur</expan>, nunc vnoquoque ſigno æquatoris <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan> ſubdiuiſo <lb></lb>xxiv. </s> <s>partes inuicem æquales conſurgent, quæ ſunt horæ in tempore. </s> <s>quarum quælibet xv. </s> <s>partes, di<lb></lb>midiumúe <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> <expan abbr="cõprehendet">comprehendet</expan>. </s> <s>Quanuis, inquam, certiſsimus ſit motus ſphęrę <expan abbr="inerrantiũ">inerrantium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> is verè <lb></lb>ſit menſura <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>; cùm tamen <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> eius termini perſpicui ex Solis lumine reddantur: ex hoc <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>vt à Solis motu metra temporis accipienda ſint. </s> <s>Ex eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> meminerunt nonnulli locum fabulæ da<lb></lb>tum Solis boues à ſociis Vlyſsis fuiſſe deuoratos: tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obiiſſe diem <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan>, cùm omnes ætatis anni quos <lb></lb>eis viuere in fatis erat, exacti <expan abbr="cõſumptiq́">conſumptique</expan>. </s> <s>eſſent. </s> <s>Sol <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="metrũ">metrum</expan> <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> eſt., vt paullò antè ſignificauimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>& ſicut in ſulcis aratro <expan abbr="deſignãdis">deſignandis</expan> boues ad <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> progreſsi <expan abbr="reuertunt̃">reuertuntur</expan>, <foreign lang="grc">βουστροφηδὸν</foreign> Gręci <lb></lb>dicunt; ita Sol <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="ſolſtitiũ">ſolſtitium</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> peragit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, vt vel hac <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="q̃tũ">quantum</expan> coniicimus boues pro annis <lb></lb>Soli <expan abbr="tribuant̃">tribuantur</expan>. </s> <s>Rectè <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> Sol Rex, & pater à <expan abbr="gentiũ">gentium</expan> Theologis <expan abbr="celebrat̃">celebratur</expan>, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> præter <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> vim <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> lumine ipſo <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtribuit">contribuit</expan> ad extremas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> oras mundi procedens, & cuncta calore ſuo viuificans, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad <expan abbr="imitationẽ">imitationem</expan> Dei <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuſcitãs">ſuſcitans</expan> p <expan abbr="ſimiliũ">ſimilium</expan> <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan>, & <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="rudẽ">rudem</expan>, <expan abbr="informemq́">informemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="totamq́">totamque</expan>. </s> <s>variis formis <expan abbr="expoliẽs">expoliens</expan>, & <expan abbr="exornãs">exornans</expan>, <lb></lb>erexit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> adſpect{9} <expan abbr="nr̃os">nostros</expan> ad <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan>, & ex ei{9} mot{9} ordine nos extulit ad <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> primi <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> auctoris, vnde ad <lb></lb>nos <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> bona <expan abbr="pmanarũt">permanarunt</expan>, & <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> cui{9} adeptione <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="fũctio">functio</expan> <expan abbr="finit̃">finitur</expan>, <expan abbr="humanaq́">humanaque</expan>. </s> <s>beatitudo <expan abbr="consũmat̃">consummatur</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5107"></margin.target>a in Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5108"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5109"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5110"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5111"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5112"></margin.target>a 1. Eth. <lb></lb>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5113"></margin.target>b Theon. <lb></lb></s> <s>lib. 1. c. 14.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5114"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS LIBRI NONI. <pb pagenum="893"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5115"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5115"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FRANCISCI <lb></lb>BONAMICI</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PHILOSOPHI FLORENTINI,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>IN PISANO GYMNASIO</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PVBLICE PROFITENTIS.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE MOTV <lb></lb>LIBER DECIMVS.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5116"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5116"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s>DE SVBSTANTIIS QVAE MOTVM IN COELO EFFICIVNT.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cœlum non eſſe corpus compoſitum è quattuor elementis. </s> <s>Caput I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HACTENVS explicatum eſt motum non modo æternum eſſe genera<lb></lb>tim; verum etiam ſpeciatim vnum quendam eſſe oſtenſum, qui idem <lb></lb>ſit perennis, vnus, ac primus; & idcirco ſimpliciſsimus, qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ex mo<lb></lb>tib. eſt latio, ex lationibus verò conuerſio. </s> <s>Quoniam autem de motu ver<lb></lb>ba fecimus, vt mobilis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> motoris ingenium nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex effectu no<lb></lb>teſceret; iis expoſitis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> motus per ſe, & ea quæ ipſum conſequuntur, <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere communiter, & ſigillatim pereipi poſſent, & primi illius <lb></lb>motus attributis <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> enarratis; iam patefactus aditus eſſe videtur ad <lb></lb>aliquid de ſumma cauſſa decernendum, cuius ergo <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> adhuc tot labo<lb></lb>res exantlauimus. </s> <s>eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quia primus eſt, & cauſſas quaſdam primas eſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5117"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe veriſimile eſt, ac ſummas, ſine quarum ope conatus noſter in methodo <lb></lb>naturali vanus, & irritus omnino futurus ſit: quandò tum ſcire optimè <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> arbitramur, <lb></lb>vbi cauſſas rei ſummas, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad elementa teneamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> in hac extrema voluminis noſtri parte <lb></lb>certum eſt prima primi motus, immò naturæ totius' elementa perquirere, & ſic vt non ſemel antehac <lb></lb>monuimus, <expan abbr="ſummarũ">ſummarum</expan> <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> conditiones Peripateticè tractare, vt in iis, velut in ſole color, eſſentia <lb></lb>motus eluceat. </s> <s>Sed venio ad propoſitum. </s> <s>Cùm igitur hic motus ſuper ſpatio ſimpliciſsimo fiat, nec <lb></lb>contrariis obturbetur <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> participatione, vel remittatur, vel tantiſper conquaſſetur, & primus om<lb></lb>nium ſit, ſimpliciſsimus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Quod ſi ex vi motus aliquid præterea colligere licèt quod <lb></lb>pertineat ad eſſentiam (id quod video feciſſe Ariſtotelem) haud dubitanter aſſeuerandum eſt id quod <lb></lb>tali motu concitatur, eſſe ſimplex, nec ex elementis, veluti primordiis eſſe conflatum; ſed ab ipſis pla<lb></lb>nè, ſicuti loco, ſic etiam natura ſegregari. </s> <s>Verùm quia Platonici nos interturbant, dum aut genitum cę<lb></lb>lum verè faciunt, aut rem ipſam eiuſmodi verbis exponunt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſuſpicio ſuboriatur in animis noſtris <lb></lb>eius fabricæ initium <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> extitiſſe, & <expan abbr="diuiniſsimũ">diuiniſsimum</expan> corpus ex elementis nobis familiarib. compo<lb></lb>nunt, aut volunt vnum eſſe ex ipſis, caput hoc à nob. </s> <s>qui Peripateticos in hac methodo imitamur, ſine <lb></lb>crimine præteriri non poteſt: nam ſi ita ſit, via Peripatetico præcluderetur ex natura motus aliquid de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5118"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cernendi de corporib. <expan abbr="irritumq́">irritumque</expan>. </s> <s>illud foret quod ex motuum ſimplicitate de mobilium ipſorum eſſen<lb></lb>tia <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> fuiſſet, vt momenti non parum in eo theoremate poſitum ſit ad inuenienda rerum mix<lb></lb>tarum primordia, <expan abbr="motuumq́">motuumque</expan>. </s> <s>differentias, quas ex motuum ſimplicitate quattuor omnes philoſophi <lb></lb>naturales eſſe voluerunt: <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> item illa accedunt quæ de motus æternitate ſuprà concluſa fuere, quæ <lb></lb>cum ſatis <expan abbr="ſuperq́">ſuperque</expan>. </s> <s>probata fuerint, pro principiis hoc loco ſtatuantur oportet <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nihil certè magis <lb></lb>aduerſatur, quam quae eiuſdem materiæ ſit cęlum cum iis corporib. quæ in <expan abbr="infimã">infimam</expan> hanc ſedem, quaſi in <lb></lb>ſentinam quandam ſeſe receperunt, quod certè eueniret, ſi quo pacto poſſet oſtendi cęlum aut eſſe vni <lb></lb>ex his ſimile, aut ex omnib. æquè concretum: Ne igitur in hanc methodum tanta perturbatio redun<lb></lb>det, concludendum nob. </s> <s>eſt quod placuit Ariſtoteli, cęlum alterius eſſe naturæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> materiæ, ac reli<lb></lb>qua corpora ſint quæ motus obeunt rectos. </s> <s>Cùm verò tria membra contineat hoc theorema, primum <lb></lb>quae ſit corpus ſimplex; alterum, quae quintum quoddam ab horum natura ſeparatum, tum tertium, quae ab <lb></lb>ipſis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> genere diſtinguatur; de ſingulis deinceps illo ordine, quo ſunt propoſita, diſſeremus Philopo<lb></lb>nus igitur omnes vias ingreſſus <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> pietatis ergo monſtraret æternitatem prorſus cęlo repugnare, fa<lb></lb>cto illo præiudicio, nempe, quod ex aliquib. conflatum eſt, in ea reſolui poſſe, cœlum ex elementis <expan abbr="cõ-ſtitutum">con<lb></lb>ſtitutum</expan> eſſe defendit in quæ olim abiturum eſſet; quanuis eius partes arctiſsima temperatura forent <lb></lb>inter ſe colligatæ: magno verò apparatu propoſitum aggreſſus eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & in ſuam ſententiam cona <pb pagenum="894"></pb>tus eſt trahere Platonem ipſum qui cęlum <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> confeſſus eſſet ex igni conſtare, verùm maiore ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5119"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>parte; quaſi alia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vnà <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> igni <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> cęli componerent. </s> <s>Prætereà perſuadere illum poterat hoc, <lb></lb>quae elementa quæ ſunt apud nos, impura cùm ſint, & potius à dominante. </s> <s>Sic nuncupata, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae abſoluta <lb></lb>ſint, in alia, quàm in ſemet inuicem diſſolui nequeunt: quare liquet illa omnium corporum eſſe pri<lb></lb>ma. </s> <s>Sed cùm in cęlo ſingulorum proprietates indicari valeant, ex his ipſum componi neceſſarium ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam quae ibi fit ignis, lumen, & calor ille vitalis qui per lumen cunctis corporibus communicatur, oſten<lb></lb>dunt. </s> <s>Quòd terra item inſit, ex eius <foreign lang="grc">ἀντιτυπὶας</foreign> quæ ex luminis repercuſsione ſignificatur; planum <lb></lb>fieri poteſt. </s> <s>Et corporum continuitas non facilè diſſolubilis, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>lęuitas; quandò inter ſe tangunt <lb></lb>ſine vllo detrimento; copiam arguunt humoris & conglutinantis, & polientis. </s> <s>tùm pelluciditas aëris <lb></lb>præſentiam notat. </s> <s>Proinde quanuis omnium elementorum virtutes cęlum <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>, ita tamen at<lb></lb>temperatæ ſunt, vt per multa ſęcula permaneant; nec, vt apud nos, facilè diſſoluantur, & ad vniuerſita<lb></lb>tes ſuas redeant: licèt <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> è grauib. <expan abbr="leuibusq́">leuibusque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtructum ſit; nihilominus <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſurſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="deorsũ">deorsum</expan> <lb></lb>concitetur; opinor grauib. ne extollatur, impedientib. & leuibus prohibentib. ne deſcendat; ſed aliis <lb></lb>omnibus ſupereminens eundem locum ſemper obtineat: longo tamen ſęculorum proceſſu fore, vt in <lb></lb>ſua primordia reſoluatur, & concidat vniuerſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> id ordo naturæ requirit, vt omne quod ex <lb></lb>quibuſdam conſtitutum ſit, in eadem habeat ad extremum. </s> <s>Hic certè, niſi Ariſtotelem oppugnaret <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5120"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtuduiſſet, facilè ex eius hypotheſib. redargui poſſet: cæterùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nob. </s> <s>eas dat, ſed aut conuerſionem <lb></lb>compoſitam eſſe ſtatuit, aut ſi motus ſimplex eſt, non reputat abſurdum, motum ſimplicem corpori <lb></lb>compoſito tribui poſſe. </s> <s>quod tametſi ſatis antea confutatum fuit; quia tamen ex illis ipſis hypotheſi<lb></lb>bus ducebatur <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> refragatur Philoponus, alia via nob. </s> <s>hoc loco peragendum videtur. </s> <s>Etenim pri<lb></lb>mùm è medio pellitur illa proportio, & æqualitas, ſiue æquilibritas, <foreign lang="grc">ἰσονομὶαν</foreign> Græci vocant, quam re<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> parens benigniſsima natura, <expan abbr="multoq.">multoque</expan> prius D. O. M. vniuerſis iis quæ in eorum quæ ſunt, <lb></lb>ordine comprehenduntur, attribuit, quam <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> Plato, & Ariſtoteles, & ante ipſum poëtæ <expan abbr="celebrarũt">celebrarunt</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5117"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5118"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5119"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5120"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἐσθλὰ μὲν ἐσθλῷ ἔδωκε, χέρει δὲ χείρονι δόσκεν</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ita Plato pro animorum dignitate organa apparari dicebat, & hic noſter præſtantiſsimæ naturæ præ<lb></lb>ſtantiſsimas facultates, & <foreign lang="grc">ἑνεργείας</foreign>, ac dotes conuenire teſtabatur. </s> <s>Nulla prætereà via reſtaret qua <lb></lb>de ſubſtantia iudicium ferrre poſſemus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea ſola eſt, vt à functionib. in facultates feramur, & ab <lb></lb>his ad ſubſtantias. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi optima functio ſit, & facultas optima, <expan abbr="itidemq́">itidemque</expan>. </s> <s>optima ſubſtantia: conſimi<lb></lb>liter ſi functio ſimplex, & ſubſtantiam, cuius eſt, ſimplicem iudicare oportebit. </s> <s>Sic igitur facultates & <lb></lb>functiones ſimplices naturæ ſimplicis ſint neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quae functiones ſubſtantias <expan abbr="conſequũ-tur">conſequun<lb></lb>tur</expan>, & ab earum principiis poſtulant. </s> <s>quae ſi vnum principium ſtatuatur, vndénam poterit actionis varie<lb></lb>tas ex ordiri? </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab vno vnum tantum per ſe, <expan abbr="proximèq́">proximèque</expan>. </s> <s>deriuari didicimus. </s> <s>Satis hoc fortaſſe ſit ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5121"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>abſurditatem eius opinionis iudicandam quod à <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> hominum ſenſu petitum eſt; ſed vrgeamus vl<lb></lb>terius. </s> <s>Vt hîc fluxus illius qui per ortum, & interitum ſeſe prodit, & Oceanus, vt Ariſtoteles; <foreign lang="grc">ποταμὸς</foreign>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vt Plato, elementorum, & eorum quæ ex elementis conflata ſunt, huiuſmodi corporum. </s> <s>vicinia <expan abbr="co-gnatioq́">co<lb></lb>gnatioque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt cauſſæ; ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in cęlo euenire probabile eſt; ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aqua & ignis ſecum <expan abbr="pugnabũt">pugnabunt</expan>, <lb></lb>ad vniuerſitates ſuas remigrare, & à mixto ſegregari contendent. </s> <s>Nam quanuis elementa perfectiores <lb></lb>formas intueantur; nihilominus habilitati; & appetitui materiæ reſiſtere nequeunt: <expan abbr="plusq́">plusque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſt, vt <lb></lb>demum vincat id quod internum eſt, & originem ducit à materia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> externum, & quod conſequitur <lb></lb>formam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò hic vir accuſare valet aptiſsimam illam temperiem qua tam arctè cęli partes ad<lb></lb>ſtrictæ ſint, vt à ſe viciſsim expediri nequeant: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> niſi naturæ curſus impediatur, aut potius ſupere<lb></lb>tur; aliquod euidens ſignum in tot ſęculis, extitiſſet huiuſce diſſolutionis, quae ſicuti frequentiſsimè appa<lb></lb>ret in elementorum mutationib. tum quæ ſingulis amnis fiunt, tum etiam in iis quæ fiunt in hyeme il<lb></lb>la, & æſtate quam magnam vocant, & igneam triplicitatem, vt paucis ab hinc annis extitit, & octin<lb></lb>genteſimo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> anno paullò plus minusúe redit, qualis ante Chriſtum natum, & Karolomani Impe<lb></lb>rium obſeruata eſt, aiunt verò monarchiæ innouationem portendere: nam diluuiorum, conflagratio. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="numq́">numque</expan>. </s> <s>initia quædam ſuſcitantur de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> hiſtoriæ veterum meminerunt, aliquandò tandem in cor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5122"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pore tantæ molis obſcurum non eſſe debuiſſet: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliò diſſoluta <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad vos migrare queunt; ete<lb></lb>nim extra cęlum nihil eſſe Phyſici opinantur, quorum vicem ſi ſuppleri oporteat; <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> & horum cor<lb></lb>porum reſtauratio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item diſsipatio admodùm perſpicua ſit neceſſe eſt: & ob id potiſsimè; quia <expan abbr="ple-raq.">ple<lb></lb>raque</expan> corpora multò plus habent ponderis, quàm leuitatis. </s> <s>quapropter & huc illinc refugere, & hinc il<lb></lb>lò auolare plurimum oporteat. </s> <s>quae ſi ignem dominari dixerit, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>in ſuperiore loco morari, <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> <lb></lb>quae iam à dominante cætera corrupta erunt, eundem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> progreſſum ſeruabit ignis ille cęleſtis, ac no<lb></lb>ſter, & quemadmodum hîc aut extinguitur à contrario, aut ſibi ipſi necem affert; ſic & ille afficietur; <lb></lb>Prætereà dicat hic mihi, cur hyeme è ſuperiorib. elementis inferiora producantur, nec <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> locum il<lb></lb>lum adepta ſunt, vnde accedere poſſunt corpori omnium perfectiſsimo, vel ab eo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> repudiata re<lb></lb>cedant, vel <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ſtomachantia ſegregantur, num plus fortaſſe <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> par ſit, tanto corpori de tam exigua <lb></lb>mole addetur? </s> <s>num'ne verebimur, ne fortè ex eo quod à cęlo paullatim ſegregatur, id <expan abbr="ſuppleat̃">ſuppleatur</expan>, quod <lb></lb>exhalarit? </s> <s>Multò certè prudentius Proclus; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Simplicius qui non ex elementis quidem cęlum con<lb></lb>ſtare autumarint, ſed <foreign lang="grc">ἐξ ἀκροτήτων</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>virib. excellentiorib. eorum quorum imago cùm in his corpori<lb></lb>bus eluceat; ex his ipſis cęlum <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſſe diceretur; vtputa, lucet ignis; in cęlo lux eſt quæ cum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>inſit in igni noſtrate, cęlum ponitur ex igni conſtare, ſed aliam eſſe materiam quæ longo interuallo no<lb></lb>ſtram hanc ſuperet, & excellat, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>puriorem: corpora autem quæ ſunt apud nos, eſſe magis con <pb pagenum="895"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5123"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>creta, & plus habere de materia: quapropter ea quæ ſic pura ſunt, minus certè pugnare, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> hæc nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>familiatia, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> omnino pugna ex poteſtate & materia naſcatur: igitur ex illis puris & ſecretis cę<lb></lb>lum eſſe <expan abbr="conflatũ">conflatum</expan>; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>pacto <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> Platone ſe conciliare poſſe putant. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cæterũ">Cæterum</expan> & nimio ſtudio <lb></lb><expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> illò prouectos eſſe cenſeo præſtantiſsimos hoſce philoſophos: quocirca & à decretis Ariſtoteli<lb></lb>cis eos diſceſsiſſe arbitror, & <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> erraſſe, dum philoſophos ſtudiosè repugnantes componere conan<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Vt id oſtendamus, paullò altius initium rei demonſtrandæ repetemus. </s> <s>inquiremus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vtrum'ne <lb></lb>quattuor corpora ſimplicia ſeorſum, & ſeparata ſubſiſtant; an ſit, vt illi aiunt, non aër quidem, & a<lb></lb>qua; ſed aqueum & aëreum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> his alia corpora conſimilia: nam ſi per ſe exiſtant; cur non etiam cœ<lb></lb>lum, quod multò perfectius, per ſeipſum exiſtere valebit? </s> <s>ſi nihil huiuſmodi; docendum adhuc, vn<lb></lb>de tanta varietas ſit in compoſitione corporis cęleſtis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> noſtratium, vt hæc paullò momento huc il<lb></lb>luc impellantur, illud inconcuſſum permaneat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5121"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5122"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5123"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm corpora illa quę elementa vocantur, per ſe ſeorſum exiſtere queant, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>II<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CERTE ſi Proclo & Philopono credere dignum eſt; vereor <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, ne ad hos Simplicius ſit adiun<lb></lb>gendus; Plato <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cęleſte corpus, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> hæc nob. </s> <s>familiaria <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> eſſe teſtatus eſt: ſed quae ex <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg5124"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ponentib. ſeu corpus ſit, ſeu virtus in corpore, vnum in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> dominaretur; ab eo <expan abbr="nuncupa-tionẽ">nuncupa<lb></lb>tionem</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="deſumptã">deſumptam</expan>: vnius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corporis vna <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> proprietas inſignis eſſe ſolet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> terræ proprium <lb></lb>eſſe <foreign lang="grc">τὸ αὐτιτυπές</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>reſiſtens: ignis autem viſile; ſic de reliquis eſſe <expan abbr="dicendũ">dicendum</expan>: ex quo efficitur, vt ſiquod <lb></lb>ſit corpus quod vnà plures ex huiuſcemodi proprietatib. aſſecutum ſit; id neceſſariò mixtum fuerit: <lb></lb>ſic cernitur ignis & terra reſiſtit; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & cęlum, quia cernatur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>reſiſtat (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corpora illa <lb></lb>confunduntur, ſed terminis ſuis continentur) ex igni <expan abbr="terraq́">terraque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtabit: quòd verò maximè viſile eſt, <lb></lb>& fons & origo lucis, è plurimo igni compactum erit. </s> <s>In hanc ſententiam non minus Peripatetici <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>Platonici <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> inuecti ſunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ita argumentatus eſt. </s> <s>Corpus naturale (id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> dicitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5125"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad differentiam corporis animati, ad quod ipſe cęlum refert) vniuocè <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> quattuor elementas <lb></lb>habet igitur <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſubſiſtit, & proinde <expan abbr="proprietatẽ">proprietatem</expan> quæ naſcitur ex ea ratione: at<lb></lb>qui ſic <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> haberet huiuſmodi; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſe ſubſiſteret: ſiquidem omnia quæ communiter inſunt in <lb></lb>corporib. ex plurib. elementis ortum ducerent, & <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> qualitates eſſent; quod tamen vt <expan abbr="abſur-dũ">abſur<lb></lb>dum</expan> eiicere oportet. </s> <s>Eſſe verò <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> proprietatem quæ <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> inſit in plurib. elementis, nec per al<lb></lb>terius participationem, vt aiunt, facilè oſtendi poteſt: nam ſi <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> terræ ſit eſſe tactile, & renitens; <lb></lb>cùm aër <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> renitatur; id illi adſcribendum videtur, quae <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> habeat terræ. </s> <s>Sed cur quo plus aëris ad<lb></lb>eſt, vt cùm includitur in follem, magis multò reſiſtit? </s> <s>an'ne quae plus ibi ſit terræ? </s> <s>abſit: ſin quia ſit inclu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5126"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> coactus: igitur alia renitentiæ cauſſa, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ponenda eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> participatio terræ. </s> <s>Cur etiam alibi ele<lb></lb>menta vicina ſic inter ſe afficiunt, vt maius è medio tollat minus; in eodem verò ſubiecto <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>; & ta<lb></lb>men adſunt eædem formæ aduerſæ, & repugnantes, ſi ita dicamus, vt Plato? </s> <s>an'ne materia permane<lb></lb>bit, nec viciſsim elementa mutabuntur, ſed eorum ortus & interitus collectioni ac ſecretioni adſcri<lb></lb>bentur, vt nonnulli voluerunt è veteribus philoſophis? </s> <s>Quid etiam vetabit, quominus ex Anaxago<lb></lb>ræ placito in infinitum elementa ſeparando progrediamur, niſi quippiam ſeparatum, <expan abbr="purumq́">purumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubſi<lb></lb>ſtat. </s> <s>ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuppetet id quod ex aliis elementis erit compoſitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> Anaxagoræ opinio reuerte<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſat eſt, ſi dixerint tum pura eſſe elementa, quia fugiant ſenſum: nam ſic aut non erunt om<lb></lb>nia mixta. </s> <s>deerit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ignis; quia non cernentur: aut viſile <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> non erit ignis, vt ipſi ſibi ſumunt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ignis ibi ſit, nec tamen adſpiciatur. </s> <s>Inſuper ſi ex huiuſmodi quibuſdam à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ignis ſecretus eſt, cu<lb></lb>mulus fiat, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fugiet adſpectum: proinde terra <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> igni in immenſum aucta non cernetur: <expan abbr="Quin-etiã">Quin<lb></lb>etiam</expan> <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materiæ portio <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> capax non erit, ſi <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> ab igni accepit, & ſiccitatem à terra: ſi<lb></lb>mul <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erit ignis, & terra, vt <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> ſimul, & <expan abbr="ſiccitatẽ">ſiccitatem</expan> obtineat: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ignis, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> terram contineat, ſine fri<lb></lb>gore <expan abbr="ſiccitateq́">ſiccitateque</expan>. </s> <s>conſiſtet, nec citra frigiditatem accipiet <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>: ſic vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore contraria <lb></lb>valebit admittere. </s> <s>Si rurſus habuit ex terra <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan>, quòd tactui ſubiiciatur, profectò calidum, præ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5127"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ter <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſentietur: quia non niſi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> terra <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Ita fiet vt quod per ſe ſenſile eſt, contrarij <lb></lb>beneficio ſentiatur. </s> <s>Ne igitur abſurda hæc conſequantur, planè concedendum eſt corpora ſimplicia <lb></lb>poſſe per ſe ſubſiſtere. </s> <s>Eæ quoque rationes mouere Plotinum <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ad ſtatuendum elementa pura per ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5128"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſtare, & <expan abbr="aſſeuerandũ">aſſeuerandum</expan> quodlibet elementum ſine alterius etiam mixtione intus ſaltem aliquid eſſe: <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> datur aliqua terræ portiuncula quæ propriè ſit idipſum quod terra aut nulla. </s> <s>ſi primum fatea<lb></lb>ris; terram igitur. </s> <s>ſine aqua ſubſiſtere poſſe fatendum erit: ſi minus, tum terra <expan abbr="nuſq̃">nuſquam</expan> erit, nec aqua <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> extabit, poterit colligare. </s> <s>Prætereà longè diuerſa eſt aëris & aquæ natura: ſi igitur dixeris <lb></lb>terram, vt terra ſit, aëris intrinſecus egere; dices etiam frigus, & ſiccitatem, quæ terræ propria ſunt, ca<lb></lb>lorem, & humorem requirere, planè contraria, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aër ipſe conſtituitur. </s> <s>Oportet item <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan> prius <lb></lb>aliquid per ſe eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> infundatur in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, ac <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> per ſe ſubſiſtere prius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> communicet aëri <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Proinde complures philoſophi proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> elementis aſsignarunt etiam inter Peripateticos in quo <lb></lb>ſingula elementa à cæteris ſeparata, <expan abbr="puraq́">puraque</expan>. </s> <s>permanerent, vtputa, terræ mundi centrum, prope Lunam <lb></lb>verò igni, <expan abbr="probabileq́">probabileque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuum eiuſmodi locum aëris eſſe, & aquæ, licèt de illorum locis in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ea <lb></lb>corpora pura, reſideant, nil me legiſſe meminerim. </s> <s>sed enim hæc regula communis afferri poſſe vide<lb></lb>tur, cùm elementi <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> locus habeat altitudinem maximam, ibi purum detineri, vbi quieſcit ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, vt ſalua ipſius natura moueri nequeat vlterius. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi fortè aëreum & aqueum, non <pb pagenum="896"></pb>autem aër, & aqua vocentur elementa ab Ariſtotele, non ita dictum fuiſſe credamus, ſi hos auctores <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5129"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>audimus, quia per ſe non conſiſtat <expan abbr="quodq́">quodque</expan>. </s> <s>elementum, ſed ob id potius, quia plurima elementorum <lb></lb>pars affecta ſit. </s> <s>Equidem, vt omnino verum mihi videtur eſſe quaſdam naturas ſimplices <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> certæ <lb></lb>ſint proprietates, & vnde reliquis communicentur quæ ex illis conflata ſunt, ita diſtinguendum puto, <lb></lb>quemadmodum actu ſubſiſtant ea corpora penitus à contrariis ſegregata: ne illis fortè <expan abbr="cõtingat">contingat</expan> quod <lb></lb>de forma, & de materia dictum eſt aliàs: quanuis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> natura diſcrepans ſit, neutram tamen ab al<lb></lb>tera liberam reperiri, ac natura quidem ſimplicia, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ætate præcedere: ſic aëreum eſſe reuera, non <lb></lb>aërem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> aliud de vniuerſitatibus ipſis cenſeo dicendum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud de ſingulis earum partibus <lb></lb>eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae vniuerſitates puræ non conſiſtant, cùm etiam in loco terræ fiat ignis, at de partib. aliter dicen<lb></lb>dum opinor, & illud diſtinguendum quod aëreum terreumúe dicitur etenim, non minus ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>rationem ſignificat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſuam conſeruat elementum, aëris terræúe qualitatib. <expan abbr="affectũ">affectum</expan> <lb></lb>aërem, terramúe imitetur. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> credendum eſt quae aër, vt primùm eſt, in alterum tranſeat elemen<lb></lb>tum: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id natura patitur, ſed efficit, vt ſit <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> arbitrandum ſic imbecillam eſſe naturam, quin <lb></lb><expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad extremum eſſe elementa promoueat, verùm <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aſsidua cęli reuolutio, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> Penelope <expan abbr="telã">telam</expan>, quod <lb></lb>interdiu contextum fuit, noctu retexit, & hoc nunc generans hîc, ibi corrumpens, ita confundit, & <lb></lb>ad minima deducit, vt eorum partes lateant ſenſum, nec minus cæterarum formarum commodo con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5130"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſulit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> elementorum, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> magna pars pulchritudinis naturalis in mixtorum formis poſita ſit; ea verò aſ<lb></lb>ſiduam illam corporum ſimplicium perturbationem requirunt. </s> <s>Sed tamen <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> ea ſegregatio com<lb></lb>pleta fuerit, elementa illa perturbata, & confuſa; non idcirco mixta cenſeri debent, quae ea tantum diuer<lb></lb>ſorum elementorum appropinquatio ſit in aliena vniuerſitate, & alteratio ſola adhuc ſubſtantia per<lb></lb>manente procedente verò alteratione vel ſubſtantia permutatur, vel cùm partes diuerſorum elemento<lb></lb>rum in vnum coire cęperunt, ab vniuerſitate ſeparantur, & mixti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſuſcipiunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> aliud planè <lb></lb>conuinci arbitror ab Alexandro, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Plotino rationib. illis quas nuper attulimus ſi <expan abbr="ſpectẽtur">ſpectentur</expan> acutius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non eſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quae hæc confuſio Anaxagoræ homoeom<foreign lang="grc">νεια</foreign> reputanda ſit; quandò ſi ad inſenſiles illas par<lb></lb>tes reſolutio deducta fuerit; purum, <expan abbr="ſimplexq́">ſimplexque</expan>. </s> <s>corpus ſubſiſtat. </s> <s>Nec contraria ſunt in contrariis, aut ex <lb></lb>contrario ſimplex natura componitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> quod ad vniuerſitates ipſas pertinet; eę prorſus confuſæ <lb></lb>& conturbatæ ſunt, cùm cęli virtus ad centrum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> porrigatur, & ibi terram quæ corrumpi poteſt, in <lb></lb>aliud <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <expan abbr="quandoq́">quandoque</expan>. </s> <s>transformet; & aër aſsiduè vaporib. & adſpirationib. <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ſit oppletus: <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> <lb></lb>ſi locus aquæ, ſeu per ſe, ſiue per accidens eſt mare; patet profectò in loco etiam proprio <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> eſſe con<lb></lb>fuſam; ſed tamen vt partes facilè ſeiugentur, quemadmodum apparet è puteis in littore factis, & aliis <lb></lb>machinis <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> aqua dulcis, cum à natura, tùm ab arte ſeparatur. </s> <s>Ignem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in ſphæra propria à con<lb></lb>trario abſolutum non eſſe docet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cum cauſſas reddit cur ignis ibi non poſsit eſſe perpetuus, <expan abbr="qd">quod</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5131"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5132"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>certè partium ſegregatione facta euenit, cum .ſ. </s> <s>id quod prius erat ſubiectum, & pabulum caloris, iam <lb></lb>aſſumptum fuit, & in terram conuerſum. </s> <s>Quapropter cauſſa huius conturbatæ naturæ non ſua ip<lb></lb>ſius propria eſt, ſed adſcititia, & ex euento, vt vides. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt cum à tali cauſſa liberum ſit; ni<lb></lb>hil vetet ipſum eſſe ſimplex, & à cæteris actu <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed vt aliquid de Proclo, & Simplicio loquar. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si qualitates illæ quas in cęlo perſpicuè cernimus, vniuocę ſunt cum iis quæ ſunt apud nos, cur etiam <lb></lb>ſicut apud nos ſeſe oppugnant, & tantam alterationem faciunt, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maiorem quo ſunt puriores, & <lb></lb>plus obtinent formæ, vt calor in igni: non item in cęlo idem euenit, & ſicut apud nos ob eiuſmodi effi<lb></lb>cacitatem impura ſunt; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non efficiatur in cęlo? </s> <s>cur item repugnantiæ non erunt in eo cor<lb></lb>pore? </s> <s>quae ſi illas aut ponunt extra hanc materiam quæ contradicentia reſpicit, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt cauſſa repu<lb></lb>gnantiæ, aut alterius generis eſſe fingant, quid cœlum ex elementis aut virtutib. eorum excellentibus <lb></lb>componere oportebat? </s> <s>Cur etiam ſi ſunt corporeæ qualitates, ſeparari poſſunt à ſuis ſubiectis? </s> <s>Cur <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>non erit ſubſtantia ex accidentib. aut ſi illis materia ſupponatur, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi generis eiuſdem cum hac no<lb></lb>ſtra, non iterum qualitates iſtæ pugnabunt, aut ſi alia materia; accidens è ſubiecto in ſubiectum migra<lb></lb>bit? </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> multò abſurdius mihi planè videtur componere cęlum ex elementorum exuperantiis, quàm <lb></lb>ex ipſis elementis. </s> <s>Id par certè fuerat, & meo quidem iudicio ſatis; ſi cęlum poneretur habere qualita<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5133"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes quaſdam inſitas, & ingenitas quarum eæ quæ in noſtris elementis ineſſent, forent imagines: nec <lb></lb>cum cęleſti natura quæ corporearum facilè ſuprema eſt, elementorum naturas commiſcere oportuit <lb></lb>quib. quidem nihil humilius in vniuerſitate rerum. </s> <s>Quocirca talium philoſophorum opinio & ab<lb></lb>ſurda eſt, & parùm id præſtat quod pollicetur, dum Ariſtotelem cum Platone conciliare conatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5124"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5125"></margin.target>a 2. de An. <lb></lb>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5126"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5127"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5128"></margin.target>b Ennead. <lb></lb></s> <s>2. lib. 1. <lb></lb>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5129"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5130"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5131"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>vit. </s> <s>long.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5132"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5133"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cęlum ignem non eſſe demonſtratur contra Plotinum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>III<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MVLTO igitur rectius Plotinus qui corpus ſimplex cęlum eſſe teſtatus eſt, & ignem quidem pu<lb></lb>rum ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="cęleſtẽ">cęleſtem</expan> eſſe defendit, ac ſiquid illi ineſſe videretur præter id quod ignis <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb>foret; id quidem non alteri elemento referre acceptum; ſed elementi illius proprietatem ignea ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia inniti. </s> <s>Ignem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illum eſſe & lumen, & calor ille innoxius & vitalis qui ſtellarum beneficio per <lb></lb>vniuerſum diffunditur, fidem ſatis faciebant. </s> <s>Cæterùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> terram ibi adeſſe, quòd <expan abbr="propenſionẽ">propenſionem</expan> non <lb></lb>haberet admotum, <expan abbr="potiusq́">potiusque</expan>. </s> <s>pręmenti reſiſteret. </s> <s>idcirco terram Pythagoras miſeram vocitabat quæ <lb></lb>calcaretur, nec elabi præ immobilitate poſſet. </s> <s>Quia verò calorificam vim haberet, cui maximè, aqua <lb></lb>aduerſatur, nec item ex aqua poſſe conſtitui, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>pertinaciam adeptum ſit, nec ſe diſsipari patiatur, <lb></lb>aërem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> repudiauit. </s> <s>Quamobrem peſsimè Empedocles qui cęlum ex aëre compacto ab igne ſpe <pb pagenum="897"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5134"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ciem glaciei <expan abbr="referẽte">referente</expan> componebat, ſed planè terrenam habet <foreign lang="grc">ἀυτιτυπὶαν</foreign>, qua ſeſe continet intra ſuos <lb></lb>terminos, & proprio termino finitum cum corporibus contiguis non conglutinatur: ab eo propter vi<lb></lb>ciniam ignem elementum deriuari: quapropter ipſum veteres extinguere verebantur; ne naturæ cæli<lb></lb>tùs viuæ vim afferre viderentur. </s> <s>At verò, vt illud omnium rectiſsimè pronunciatum eſt, cęlum eſſe ſim<lb></lb>plicem ſubſtantiam; ſic illum <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> eſſe, ponere maius quiddam eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ne Phyſicè defendi poſsit. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſi ignem ambiguè cum hoc noſtro fateretur. </s> <s>quod tantum lacerare Ariſtotelem qui quintam <expan abbr="quãdam">quandam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ab elementis diſcrepantem poſuerit? </s> <s>Si ignem vniuocè concedant: ergo & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>hic noſter; duplici interitu deperibit, & à ſeipſo, & à contrario perimetur, <expan abbr="pariq́">parique</expan>. </s> <s>ratione contrarium af<lb></lb>ficiet, & alimenti indigebit: at vnde'nam tanta pabuli copia? </s> <s>num'ne totum mare ſuppetias ferre pote<lb></lb>rit? </s> <s>num'ne fortaſſe ita intumeſcet, vt quanuis paruæ molis apud nos ſit, in amplum extendatur, vt ma<lb></lb>gnitudini cęli reſpondeat? </s> <s>at quo modo hoc, cùm ſenſus terminos <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſubſtantiæ naturalis optimè <lb></lb>ſignificet? </s> <s>cur <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> totum, quod apud nos eſt, vt inquit Ariſtoteles, à tanto igni conſumptum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt? </s> <s>quòd <lb></lb>ſi nutritur ex iis partibus quæ in toto eius corpore <expan abbr="corrũpuntur">corrumpuntur</expan>, vt illi quandoque Plutarchus adſcri<lb></lb>pſit; qua via cęlum perpetuum defendetur? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò approbo diſtinctionem ignis in carbonem, flam<lb></lb>mam, & lucem, quę tametſi vera eſt; attamen ad propoſitum <expan abbr="accõmodari">accommodari</expan> non poteſt. </s> <s>nam ſi carbo ſit, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr="flãma">flamma</expan>, etiam ad hanc noſtram aliquam habeat <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan> neceſſe eſt: ſic ergo idem illi eueniet quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5135"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igni apud nos attribui ſolet. </s> <s>cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab hoc noſtro nominetur, niſi aliqua ex parte conueniat? </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> no<lb></lb>men <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> plurib. ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> tribuitur, à re notiſsima primum deſumitur, tum deinde ad conſimile <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſignificandũ">ſignificandum</expan> transfertur, lucem dicere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> potes, quia lux alterius corporis eſt affectio. </s> <s>quòd ſi <expan abbr="lucẽ">lucem</expan> ali<lb></lb>quid <expan abbr="aliũde">aliunde</expan> ſumat; <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> ambiguè ad <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> <expan abbr="dicet̃">dicetur</expan>; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> naturæ <expan abbr="cõueniẽt">conuenient</expan>. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="quintũ">quintum</expan> corpus, <lb></lb>vt dicebat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Prætereà duplicem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> natura ipſa tribuerit igni; alterum quidem in gyrum, <lb></lb>alterum verò rectum: quod tametſi Proclus ex Platonis ſententia concedebat, haud tamen à Peripate<lb></lb>ticis approbari poteſt. </s> <s>Nam ſiue motus rectus præter naturam ſit, vt ille exiſtimauit, ſiue etiam <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, conſequantur abſurda neceſſe eſt: ab vnica <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura nihil ab externo paſſa, & pro <lb></lb>impetus ſui ratione agitata, non niſi vnus motus proficiſcitur, qui quidem rectus eſt in elementis; aut <lb></lb>manent in loco proprio; aut ſi mouentur in orbem, motus ille aliunde eſt. </s> <s>aliter non video, cur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ter<lb></lb>ra non voluatur circum medium: quapropter optimè Ariſtoteles qui Platonem accuſarit, quae terram <lb></lb>circum medium <foreign lang="grc">εἰλοῦσθαι</foreign> voluerit, nec illi malo remedium adhiberi poterit, quae <foreign lang="grc">ἵλλεσθαι</foreign> <expan abbr="legẽdum">legendum</expan> ſit, <lb></lb>quod eſt quaſi comprimi & conſtringi circum medium: ac nos iam audiuimus id quod eſt <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>naturam, duplex eſſe, vel ad perfectionem, vel functionem formæ iam abſolutç. </s> <s>ac priore quidem mo<lb></lb>do <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> eſſe motum in iis quæ gignuntur; poſteriore verò quietem. </s> <s>Quæro <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de qualitatib. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5136"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illis quas ſimiles eſſe dicit earum quæ ſunt in elementis noſtratibus, antity <expan abbr="piã">piam</expan> .ſ. </s> <s>& lęuitatem aut alias <lb></lb>generis eiuſdem: ſint'ne corporis illius propriæ, nec vllam cum hiſce corporibus affinitatem habeant, <lb></lb>an ab iis ipſis corporib. communicentur. </s> <s>nam ſi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> dederit, quid vetabit, quominus alia ſit cęli na<lb></lb>tura à quattuor vocatis elementis? </s> <s>Si hinc accepit, externa igitur, & accidentia, non ſecus àc ſi <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> <lb></lb>terra concepiſſet. </s> <s>Inſuper aut hæ qualitates ſimplices ſunt, aut compoſitæ. </s> <s>ſi <expan abbr="cõpoſitas">compoſitas</expan> dicas; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igitur <lb></lb>erit cęlum corpus ſimplex: ſi rurſus ſimplices fatearis. </s> <s>aut cęlum vniuocè dicetur cum elementis in <lb></lb>vna <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> natura conueniens, aut ſi natura communis non fuerit, ſed ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> conſequetur cęlum <lb></lb>eſſe quintam ſubſtantiam ab his corporibus longè diuerſam. </s> <s>Quid igitur à Phyſicis minus dici de<lb></lb>bet, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> cęlum, aut ex elementis conſtare, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ignem eſſe? </s> <s>Ponemus igitur his omnibus circumſpe<lb></lb>ctis cęlum quintam quandam ſubſtantiam: nec id ab Ariſtotele ex Barbarorum ſententia pronuntia<lb></lb>tum dicemus, vt Proclus aliquando teſtabatur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſed ex eorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> auctoritate: ſententiam <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5137"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>confirmatam; quaſi id ita perſpicuum foret, vt Barbari <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> negare non auſi ſint. </s> <s>Niſi & Barbaros <lb></lb>Aegyptios eſſe voluerit apud quos <expan abbr="multorũ">multorum</expan> <expan abbr="ſęculorũ">ſęculorum</expan> memoriæ extabant, vnde etiam Græcis <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, quòd pueri eſſent, Græciæ nimirum locis à diluuio vaſtatis, ita tamen vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> bellum <expan abbr="Atlanticũ">Atlanticum</expan> mul<lb></lb>tò ante ab Athenienſibus fœliciſsimè geſtum in <expan abbr="memoriã">memoriam</expan> Socrati Sacerdos ille reduxerit & politiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5138"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à Græcis, quorum natura cęli benignitate excellens eſſet, & ingenium <expan abbr="ſtudiumq́">ſtudiumque</expan>. </s> <s>accerrimum in ex<lb></lb>quirendo vero, & iudicium præſtans in decernendo, & elegantia ſumma in eloquendo, in longinquiſ<lb></lb>ſimas regiones inuectam fuiſſe docuerit. </s> <s>Sed, obſecro, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> valent illa ſigna, lucet Sol; ignis igitur, <lb></lb>calor adeſt innoxius & vitalis, ignis igitur? </s> <s>quaſi verò glacies, qua nihil igni magis aduerſatur, non <lb></lb>ſplendeat & humores in oculo non miſcent qui vel aquei ſunt, vt monſtrat eorum fluxus, vel terreni, <lb></lb>ſicuti perſuadet id quòd à calore coguntur. </s> <s>Quid etiam cogit, vt credamus vitam illius corporis egere <lb></lb>caloris, vt ſi coctione præcedente debeat aduenire, & per alimentum conſeruari (<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eadem eſſe ſo<lb></lb>lent primordia conſtitutionis & cauſſæ tutelæ) cauſſæ quędam extare, nec latere debuerint? </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per<lb></lb>ſpicuum ſit cauſſas eſſe vel vniuocas, vel etiam vt entelechias, quæ vim .ſ. </s> <s>habeant alicuius effecti, nec <lb></lb>formaliter tamen <expan abbr="obtineãt">obtineant</expan>. </s> <s>quamobrem tametſi fouet hæc omnia cęlum, & calfacit, ac vitam largitur; <lb></lb>nihilo ſecius <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita viuere, aut incaleſcere ipſum oporteat. </s> <s>Quapropter id de ſummo hoc philoſo<lb></lb>pho, <expan abbr="Platonisq́">Platonisque</expan>. </s> <s>ſtudioſiſsimo dici verè poſſe videtur vrbem ipſum philoſophiæ prodere, dum caſtel<lb></lb>la defendere conatur. </s> <s>Sit igitur cęlum, vt prædicauit Ariſtoteles, quinta quædam ſubſtantia ſimplex <lb></lb>ab elementis loco & natura ſeparata.</s></p> <pb pagenum="898"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5134"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5135"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5136"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5137"></margin.target>a 3. in Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5138"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ cæli materia ſit, quid alij decreuerint. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5139"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5139"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO quod nos potius redarguendo confecimus, id multò ante demonſtra<lb></lb>tione recta peregerat Ariſtoteles: hæc item ea via <expan abbr="rationeq́">rationeque</expan>. </s> <s>tractabitur quæ incipit à motu quam <lb></lb>perpetuò fuiſſe ab Ariſtotele ſuſceptam perſpicimus. </s> <s>Cùm igitur eius ſubſtantiæ propria <expan abbr="cõuerſio">conuerſio</expan> ſit <lb></lb>quæ continens eſt, & æterna, & ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubſtantia quæ tali motu cietur, & illud principium quod ef<lb></lb>ficit motum, æterna ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſi quod caducum eſt, alterari etiam poteſt: <lb></lb>hoc aut contrariis ſubiectum eſt; & caducum igitur admittet contraria: quapropter eum cęlum è con<lb></lb>trariis conſtitutum non ſit, non alteratur igitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item corrumpitur. </s> <s>Cęlum verò à contrariis non <lb></lb>attingi ſic efficitur. </s> <s>Siquidem quorum ſubſtantiæ quippiam aduerſatur, eorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motui quip<lb></lb>piam opponatur oportet. </s> <s>Sed motui cęleſti nihil planè repugnat: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur quicquam eius ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ repugnabit. </s> <s>Quia verò vis huius rationis in eo poſita eſt, vt illa aſſumptio confirmetur, conuerſio<lb></lb>ni nimirùm nihil eſſe contrarium, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuprà affatim explicatum eſt: ſequitur vt cęlum perpetuum <lb></lb>cum Peripateticis aſſeramus. </s> <s>Hinc perbellè ſumi poteſt occaſio decernendi de altera diſputationis no<lb></lb>ſtræ parte qua docendum eſt, quod' nam ſtratum ſit, & quæ natura ſimplicis huiuſce ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Nan<lb></lb>que illud in primis manifeſtum eſt cęlum à dictis elementis, vt à caducis æternum diſtare. </s> <s>Quòd ſi <arrow.to.target n="marg5140"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>æterna genere ſeparantur à caducis, profectò etiam corpus cęleſte ab inferioribus elementis genere di<lb></lb>ſtinguetur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illa genere diſiunguntur, quæ inter ſe affici nequeunt, & alterius naturam accipere; <lb></lb>æterna verò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cum aliis æternis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cum caducis <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> poſſunt, aliter æterna non eſſent. </s> <s>Si il<lb></lb>la etiam, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> cum in materia conuenit, ſunt generis eiuſdem: ab oppoſito igitur cęlum, quia generis <lb></lb>eiuſdem non eſt, aliam quoque materiam obtinebit. </s> <s>Itaque iure Apollo Diomedem obiurgauit, quòd <lb></lb>homo cùm foret, cum diis belligerare auderet, inquiens</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5140"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">- μη δὲ σθεο̂ισιν <lb></lb> ἴσ' ἔθελε, ἐπεὶ οῦποτε φῦλον ὃμοιον<lb></lb> ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν, χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ' ἀνθρώπων</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hæc hactenus Peripateticè profiteri poſſe cenſemus. </s> <s>Sed cùm de materia cęli multa & pro Ariſto<lb></lb>tele, & contra diſputata videamus ab omnib. philoſophis, nec communi conſenſu quicquam de illius <lb></lb>ſubſtantia decretum legatur; vt etiam clariſsimi præceptoris ratio videatur vniuerſa in dubium reuo<lb></lb>cari; non erit alienum ab officio noſtro, ſi ipſius eſſentiam diligentius aliquantò veſtigemus. </s> <s>Res hęc an<lb></lb>tiquitùs agitata à philoſophiæ Græcæ procerib. Alexandro, Themiſtio, Philopono, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Simplicio, ab <lb></lb>ipſorum ſcholis etiam primùm ad Arabas permanauit, & <expan abbr="Auerroẽm">Auerroemm</expan> ad ſeſe traxit, pòſt diu <expan abbr="multumq́">multumque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>à Latinis theologis tractata vix exitum reperit; quandò & in eius certa cognitione ad <expan abbr="cõcipiendam">concipiendam</expan> ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5141"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ritatem Chriſtianam parum momenti non ineſt, & Ariſtotelis ſententiæ prorſus illi reclamare viden<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Vnde eſt etiam quae hoc loco nos quidem Ariſtotelis errorem confiteamur, qui ex eo quae motum æter<lb></lb>num eſſe approbarit, poſteà mobile æternum ponere coactus ſit. </s> <s>Sed illud noſtri conſilij nunc eſt mo<lb></lb>re noſtro ſuſpicionem noſtri præceptoris enarrate. </s> <s>Quæ præfati rem cominus aggrediamur. </s> <s>Vt verò <lb></lb>certa via ac ratione progredi poſsimus, in primis <expan abbr="cõſtituemus">conſtituemus</expan> caput quæſtionis; deinde diuerſarum ſe<lb></lb>ctarum argumenta explicabimus, ex illis ea ſeligentes quæ vel auctoritatib. Philoſophi, vel propoſitio<lb></lb>nibus à ſenſu deſumptis innituntur. </s> <s>Scire <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> conuenit, quantum ſpectat ad primum caput, non eſſe <lb></lb>de illo controuerſiam, ſit'ne in cœlo quoddam ſubſtantiæ genus quod materia ſit, vel ſubiectum, vel <lb></lb>ſtratum, ſiue formæ, ſeu quorundam accidentium quæ ſine ſubiecto nec eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cogitari queunt: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſus à quo recedere non licet in methodo naturali monſtrat eſſe in cęlo ſubſtantiam quæ nonnullis <lb></lb>ſubiiciatur attributis, vt motui, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mutationi. </s> <s>tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quae non rarò Ariſtoteles de illo ſubſtantiæ genere <lb></lb>meminit, cui poteſtatis ratio tribuitur, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>in cælo collocauit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> prima quæſtio ſimplex ſit'ne in cę<lb></lb>lo ſubſtantia quæ poteſtatis vicem ſubeat, omnino dimittenda eſt, & veniendum ad alteram quæſtio<lb></lb>nem qua tractandum, cuiuſmodi ſit illud ſubſtantiæ genus in cęlo: ideſt, Vtrùm hæc ſubſtantia pro<lb></lb>prium quendam actum conſecuta ſit à ſeipſa ſeparatum, ita vt ſi debeat actu conſiſtere, exoptet alicu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5142"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ius formæ præſentiam, per ſe nil aliud exiſtens àc poteſtas, & priuationem ſuſtinens, an etiam careat <lb></lb>priuatione, & actu per ſe ſubſiſtat, ratione poteſtatis excluſa; nec ſanè quae omnem priuationem <expan abbr="poteſta-temq́">poteſta<lb></lb>temque</expan>. </s> <s>abiecerit; quandò poteſtas ad ipſum vbi à nullo philoſopho cęlo denegatur; ſed agitur de illa <lb></lb>quæ collocatur in prædicamento ſubſtantiæ; & <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> pars problematis habuit aſſertoreis, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> pa<lb></lb>troni partis illius prioris in diuerſa ſtudia ſcinduntur nonnullis opinantib. materiam cæli per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>non ſubſiſtere actu, ſed formæ indigere; nihilominus adiunctam non habere priuationem, quemad<lb></lb>modum materia elementi cuius priuilegio quandam aliam formam, actumúe reſpiciat, & admittat <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, quaſi <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſit quę formam ſanè accipiat; ſed non ob aduentitiam quandam priua<lb></lb>tionem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> potentiam, quæ contraria forma fundari ſolent ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quam ſuperiorib. libris expoſui<lb></lb>mus; vnde efficitur, vt contrariorum appetitu perpetuo teneatur, & formas aſsiduè mutet: verùm ſi <lb></lb>prædita ſit potentia quadam, & priuatione; illa intima ſit ſuæ ſubſtantiæ, quia .ſ. </s> <s>per ſeipſam ſit infor<lb></lb>mis; eam quam ſecum <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> forma, cui ſit alia <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, ſolet afferre, noſtræ materiæ reliquerit: etenim <lb></lb>formæ per quam voluerunt eſſe cęlum, nil planè opponitur. </s> <s>Ob id igitur materiam cęli nulla capit ſa<lb></lb>tietas eius formæ quam habet; nec vllius alterius deſiderium prorſus affligit: cùm cæteroqui noſtras <lb></lb>deſiderium nouæ formæ diutius ferre nequeat, <expan abbr="ocyſsimeq́">ocyſsimeque</expan>. </s> <s>faſtidio præſentis affici videatur. </s> <s>Fortè an<lb></lb>te D. Thomam Simplicius ita decreuerat: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nam dum ipſe docet appetitum adeſſe materiæ per priua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5143"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="899"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5144"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tionem; ſubiungit; ſi ſemper obtineret formam, velut in cęleſtib. <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> indigens eſſet, neque appeteret; <lb></lb>ſed vna quædam ex vtriſque natura ſemper eſſet <foreign lang="grc">συνουσιωμένη</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>coniuncta per eſſentiam. </s> <s>Aegidius au<lb></lb>tem multò apertius eſt profeſſus materiam cęleſtem eiuſdem prorſus eſſe generis, ac noſtratem: qua<lb></lb>propter & ipſam erumpere in actum ex ſuæ <expan abbr="ſibiq́">ſibique</expan>. </s> <s>conuenientis formæ præſentia; quocirca etiam pro<lb></lb>pter eadem principia poterit eam formam deponere quam hoc tempore habet, & in cuius imperio <lb></lb>nunc eſt; vnde item cęlum ſuapte natura mortale conſtituit. </s> <s>At enim huc omnis quęſtio deducitur, vt <lb></lb>ſi eadem ſit vniuocè <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> materia, vel in omni futura ſit interna poteſtas <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> priuatio, quamobrem <lb></lb>appetitus vniuerſus in materia conſiſtet, & omnis cauſſa mutationis cum proxima, tum remota: nulla <lb></lb>ratione formæ incluſa; vel ſi noſtra materia cauſſa formę capax eſt poteſtatis, priuationis, & appetitus; <lb></lb>quemadmodum noſtrates formæ propter repugnantiam afferunt priuationem, appetitum, & poteſta<lb></lb>tem materiæ; ſic & ex repugnantia formæ ſint in cęlo priuatio profeſſus & appetitus: ſuperiores illi <lb></lb>diſsimilem hanc ab illa faciebant, quae hîc omnia cauſſa formæ ineſſent, quæ intrinſecùs inhærebant in <lb></lb>materia cęli. </s> <s>Sed mea quidem ſententia dare contrarium formæ cęleſti eſt opus & impenſam perde<lb></lb>re: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex hac repugnantia ſucceſsio formarum proficiſcitur in infinitum; nam, ſi ſequimur Ariſto<lb></lb>telem, in materia poteſtas eſt ad contraria quæ non poteſt eſſe fruſtra. </s> <s>Fruſtra etiam illa quæ ab æter<lb></lb>nitate motus effecta fuere. </s> <s>Ponere autem priuationem, appetitum, & poteſtatem in materia nulla <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5145"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habita ratione formæ, eſt planè ignorare fundamentum priuationis, & naturam poteſtatis: etenim <lb></lb>hæc omnia maneant ex materia quæ iam fuerit informata: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inter ſe conſequuntur: nam priuatio <lb></lb>ponit habilitatem in ſubiecto, vt apparet ex eius definitione; habilitas autem contrario nititur, vt te <lb></lb>docuit Ariſtoteles 3. Phyſ. Cæterùm quod pertinet ad Ariſtotelem, & æternitatem tuendam, hactenus <lb></lb>melius ſe auctores illi primi defendunt. </s> <s>Patroni partis alterius problematis in cęlo tale genus ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiæ poſuerunt, quod per ſe quidem eſſet actu ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtatem haberet ad vbi: quocir<lb></lb>ca æternum conſeruari poſſe nullo in ſubſtantia detrimento accepto, quae ibi nil ſit poteſtatis, aut priua<lb></lb>tionis quod ad prædicamentum ſubſtantiæ pertineat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò materia proprie ſignificat (vt <expan abbr="aiũt">aiunt</expan>) <lb></lb>poteſtatem, & vnà priuationem ad ſubſtantiam quæ nulla exiſtit in cęlo; id verò in quo inſunt acciden<lb></lb>tia, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in eo quod eſt actu. </s> <s>dicitur ſubiectum, ſicuti ſubſtantia quæ actu exiſtit, ſubiectum <expan abbr="accidẽtis">accidentis</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe dicitur; idcirco negant iſti cęlo materiam ſimpliciter, concedunt ſubiectum. </s> <s>Quocirca quæſtio <lb></lb>tota iuxta hos auctores in eo conſiſtet, vt diſſeratur. </s> <s>Vtrùm in cęlo materia ſit, an ſubiectum. </s> <s>Sed quia <lb></lb>fortè mihi non conuenit cum illis de poteſtate & ſignificato materię, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſubiecti, quęſtio reſoluatur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="terminisq́">terminisque</expan>. </s> <s>in orationes tranſumptis res ipſa clarè explicetur: ſic problema proponatur. </s> <s>Vtrùm ſubie<lb></lb>ctum illud obtineat aliquam formam per quam ex poteſtate traducatur ad actum, an'ne actu per ſe, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5146"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ſine formæ ſocietate ſubſiſtat. </s> <s>Partem poſteriorem problematis defendit Themiſtius ex <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5147"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex Themiſtio Auerroës; nec id ab ipſis dubitatum fuiſſe comperio, licet dedita opera Themiſtius <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <lb></lb>rem plurib. <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ferè cætera omnia ſolet, expoſuerit. </s> <s>Veruntamen propter Philoponum, & Latinos inter<lb></lb>ceſſerunt maximæ lites inter Auerrois & D. Thomæ ſectatores ſingularum ſectarum argumenta ſi re<lb></lb>cenſere velim, otio videar abuti: ſed eorum <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> capitib. complectar. </s> <s>Etenim ſic <lb></lb>vniuerſam quæſtionem diuidam, & primum diſſeratur, ſit ne cęlum ex duob. </s> <s>principiis compoſitum, <lb></lb>materia .ſ. </s> <s>vt forma: deinde vtrùm ſit eadem ratio materiæ illius àc noſtræ. </s> <s>Primùm igitur quae cęlum ex <lb></lb>duob. </s> <s>principiis ſit compoſitum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materia ſola conſiſtat quæ per ſe ſit, & ſine forma actu ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia. </s> <s>Philoponus ita perſuadere conatus eſt. </s> <s>Quæ eodem motu mouentur, eadem ſunt: quare cùm & <lb></lb>cœlum & hypeccauma conuertantur; eiuſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> naturæ ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Tum etiam, quae cùm tres <lb></lb>motum ſpecies ab Ariſtotele numerentur 1. de Cœlo. </s> <s>ſint verò <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> prima corpora; efficitur, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>quæ natura differunt, eodem motu moueri contingat; quoniam ſi ita eſt; valet argumentum ſic ab op<lb></lb>poſito conſequentis. </s> <s>Quæ natura differunt, eodem motu moueri contingit. </s> <s>Ergo quæ non contingit eo<lb></lb>dem motu moueri, natura non differunt. </s> <s>Sed non contingit cœlum eodem motu cieri. </s> <s>Nec igitur na<lb></lb>tura differt à reliquis corporib. Eandem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> problematis huiuſce partem ſic probant Latini aucto<lb></lb>res. </s> <s>Etenim naturę fundamento omnem diſtinctionis originem philoſophi negant. </s> <s>actus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ille qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5148"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diſtinguit & ſeparat. </s> <s>Cùm ergo cœlum diſtinguatur ab elementis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per materiam, profectò per for<lb></lb>mam diſtinguatur oportet: & compoſitum igitur. </s> <s>Deinde omne ſenſile eſt compoſitum, vt inducen<lb></lb>ti patet; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma per ſe ſenſilis eſt multò minus ipſa materia, ſed ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtans: <lb></lb>atqui cœlum eſt ſenſile: & compoſitum igitur. </s> <s>Tùm prætereà, quoniam accidentia ſunt in ſubiecto <lb></lb>per formam <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quapropter cùm accidentia ſint in cœlo; per formam quoque eiſdem ſupponi oportet. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5149"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> caput <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſic argumentantur oſtenſuri materiam <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> ab hac <expan abbr="diſsimilẽ">diſsimilem</expan> non eſſe. </s> <s>In cœlo duo <lb></lb>principia reperiri, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> per quod eſt hoc cœlum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, per quod eſt cœlum ſimpliciter: id ve<lb></lb>rò per quod eſt hoc cęlum, facilè dabitur eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt inquit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> magis numerabile, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5150"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& magis hoc aliquid, per quod verò cœlum eſt ſimpliciter, non ſine cauſſa perhibetur forma: propte<lb></lb>reà quae è ſingularib. vniuerſale colligitur abſtractione facta è materia ſenſili ſalua ſolùm forma, quae hęc <lb></lb>communicatur plurib. ſingularib. ea faciens in ſpecie conuenientia: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> abſtractione iam facta rema<lb></lb>net illud principium in quo conueniunt omnia, quod aliud nihil eſſe poteſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem <lb></lb>non abhorrens à materia: nam ſolæ iſtæ formæ hoc habent, quae plura indiuidua, <expan abbr="numeroq́">numeroque</expan>. </s> <s>differentia <lb></lb>complectuntur. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Adde <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> quae cœlum eſt corpus diuiduum: omnis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diuiſio ſequitur quantitatem; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5151"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quantitas eſt conditio materiæ, ac ſi fuerit, vt aiunt, terminata, naſcitur ex forma; <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in cœlo verò termi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5152"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natam eſſe conſtat. </s> <s>Quare eſt & hoc materiæ genus, quemadmodum rerum caducarum habens ex <pb pagenum="900"></pb><expan abbr="formaq.">formaque</expan> ſit. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae ea quorum accidentia <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan> ſunt; <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubiectum, materia<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5153"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="q́ue">que</expan> vna eſſe ſolet: non pauca verò huiuſmodi ſunt quæ <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> cœlo, & infimis hiſce corporib. in<lb></lb>ſunt, vt <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, <expan abbr="pellucidũ">pellucidum</expan>, & ne multus ſim, alia <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan>. </s> <s>Quod ſi hæc analogicè de <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> dici tibi vi<lb></lb>deantur, en idem lumen quo Sol illuſtrat <expan abbr="Lunã">Lunam</expan> & aërem <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> noſtrum. </s> <s>Tùm poſtremò quae Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5154"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliquando aſſeneret in cœlo eſſe formam efficiens & materiam, velut in reliquis elementis. </s> <s>Ex quibus <lb></lb>omnibus efficiet quiſpiam in cœlo non eſſe materiam ab hac noſtra <expan abbr="diſcrepantẽ">diſcrepantem</expan>. </s> <s>Ex altera parte Auer<lb></lb>roiſtarum fundamenta ſunt huiuſmodi: primùm ex definitione materię: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud principium per <lb></lb>quod res eſſe, & non eſſe poteſt; atqui cœlum, vt iam conſtitit, <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> eſt: & caret igitur materia. </s> <s>Præ<lb></lb>tereà ſi cœlum materia niteretur, omnia <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> in cœlo forent quæ <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> conſequuntur; veluti contra<lb></lb>ria; interitus, & alia conſimilia quæ non neceſſe eſt afferre ſigillatim, cùm ab eodem fonte, cuncta deri<lb></lb>uentur. </s> <s>Inſuper omne quod ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtitutum eſt, obit motum quendam finitum, at <lb></lb>cęli motio eſt infinita: non habet igitur materiam, aut (vt illis intereà gratificemur) materiam non ha<lb></lb>bet vniuocè. </s> <s>Habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tale materiæ genus facultatem accipiendi formas oppoſitas, & <expan abbr="cõmutandi">commutandi</expan> for<lb></lb>mam cum priuatione: quae ſi poteſtas in natura fruſtra non eſt; neceſſe item eſt, vt olim præſenti formę <lb></lb>priuatio ſuccedat. </s> <s>Habes hactenus paucis expoſitum, quibus nam rationibus perſuaſi tam varia de<lb></lb>creuerint auctores de materia cœli.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5155"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5141"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5142"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5143"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5144"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5145"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5146"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5147"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 68.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5148"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5149"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5150"></margin.target>c 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5151"></margin.target>d 12. p. </s> <s>phi<lb></lb>loſophię. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5152"></margin.target>c 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5153"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5154"></margin.target>a 2. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5155"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In ſuperiora diſputatur & oſtenditur, vt cęlum ſe habeat ad alterum principium quod est <lb></lb>forma. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>V<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATQVE hæc quidem accepimus à philoſophis. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ſectæ viri decepti ſunt in explican<lb></lb>da natura materiæ; quandoquidem aſſumpſerunt in definitione materiæ coniunctim facultates <lb></lb>eius vniuerſas ad ſubſtantiam, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> quale, & vbi; cùm tamen id ſit alicuius materia, quod eſt illud <lb></lb>in potentia ſeorſum: dicitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> lignum eſſe materia ſcamni; & ſtatuæ lapis; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſe eſt quicquid <lb></lb>materiæ rationem ſubit, id eſſe omnia protinus in potentia; ſic materia in generatione ſubſtantiæ eſt <lb></lb>potentia ſubſtantia, & materia quanti eſt poteſtate <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, & materia ipſius vbi, quod eſt in poteſtate <lb></lb>vbi; tametſi quod poteſt eſſe ſubſtantia; deinde quantum, quale, & alicubi eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>Sicut ergo eue<lb></lb>nit, vt aliquid hoc per ſe eſſe nequeat; ſed illud: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fit, vt hoc huius materia ſit, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm igitur materiam cęli appellamus; eam ſanè concipimus quæ alicubi tantùm eſſe poteſt, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, quantum, aut quale. </s> <s>Prætereà miror admodùm Græcos auctores quos etiam reliqui ab illis <lb></lb>approbarunt, qui tantam vim fecerint in iis vocib. materia & ſubiecto, <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>tanto interuallo diſiunxe<lb></lb>rint; vt quod eſt ſubiectum, ſolùm cęlo, & æternis attribuerint, quod verò materiam vocant, tantum<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5156"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modo caducis: cùm obſeruemus & Ariſtotelem appellare ſubiectum rerum caducarum, vt ibi. <foreign lang="grc">ἄιτιον, <lb></lb>δὲ ὃτι γίνεται ἐκ τῆς στερήσεως, καὶ τοῦ ὑποχειμένου, ὃ λέγομεν τήν ύλην</foreign>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ideſt, “cauſſa verò quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5157"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fit ex priuatione & ſubiecto quod dicimus materiam: & paullò infrà. <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γὰρ τὸ δετι ποιεῖν, ἐκ τοῦ ὃλου, <lb></lb>ὑποκει μὲνου τὸδε ποιεῖν εστὶν</foreign>.” <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliquid facere ex vniuerſo ſubiecto, hoc facere eſt. </s> <s>& alibi etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5158"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cœlo materiam aſsignare: nam poſtquam enumeraſſet genera ſubſtantiarum, ac diſtribuiſſer eas in <expan abbr="cõ-ceſſas">con<lb></lb>ceſſas</expan> ab omnib. & alias quæ ſeparatim profeſſores haberent, vt ideæ numeri, & plana, ad conceſſas re<lb></lb>tulit naturales, vt ignem, terram, aquam, & cætera corpora ſimplicia, deinde plantas, & partes earum: <lb></lb>animalia, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>partes, & tandem cęlum, <expan abbr="cęliq́">cęlique</expan>. </s> <s>partes demum generaliter pronuntiauit ſenſiles om<lb></lb>nes ſubſtantias habere materiam: mox ſingulas poteſtates quæ in materia ſunt, exponens, hæc adſcri<lb></lb>pſit, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> error ille iam in animis noſtrorum inueteratus radicitùs euellatur <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἐν πάσαις γὰρ ταῖς ἀν <lb></lb>τικει μέναις μεταβολαῖς ἔστι τὶ τὸ ὑποκείμενον ταῖς μεταβολαῖς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁ̂ιον κατὰ τὸπον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὸνυν̂ μὲν ἐνταῦ<lb></lb>θα πάλιν δ' αλλοθι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ κατ' αῦξησιν, ὃ νῦν μὲν πηλίκον, πάλιν δ' ἔλαττον ὄ μεἵζον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">καὶ κατ' αλόιωσιν, <lb></lb>ὃ νῦν, μὲν ὑγιὲς πάλιν δὲ κάμυον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁμόιως δε καὶ κατ' οὐσίαν, ὃ νῦν μὲν ἐν γενὲσει πάλιν δ' ἐν φθορᾷ, καὶ <lb></lb>νῦν ὐποκείμενον ὡς τὸδετι, πάλιν δὲ ὑποκείμενον ὡς κατὰ στέρησις, καὶ ἀκολουθοῦσι δὲ ταύτῃ αἱ αλ<lb></lb>αι μεταβολαί.</foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"> τῶν δ' αλλων ἤ μιᾷ, ἤ δυσίν αὓτα οὐκ ἀκολουθεῖ. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὗ γαρ ἀνάγκη εἴτι ἔχει ὑλην τοπικὴν, τοῦτο <lb></lb>καὶ γενητὴν καὶ φθαρτὴν ἔχειν</foreign>. </s> <s>hoc eſt, “in omnib. igitur oppoſitis mutationib. eſt aliquid <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> mu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5159"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5160"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tationib. vt <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> quod nunc hîc eſt, rurſus alibi; & ſecundùm incrementum, quod nunc qui<lb></lb>dem tantæ magnitudinis, aliàs <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> minus, aut maius: & ſecundùm alterationem, quod nunc quidem <lb></lb>ſanum, iterum verò ægrotum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Similiq́">Similique</expan>. </s> <s>modo ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, quod nunc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> in generatione, <lb></lb>rurſus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in interitu & nunc ſubiectum, vt hoc aliquid, mox <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſubiectum, vt ſecundùm <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>, <lb></lb>& huic comitantur omnes aliæ mutationes: reliquarum verò, aut vni, aut alteri hæc non comitatur: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſe eſt, ſiquid habet materiam loci, id & eam habere quæ ortui & interitui ſubiiciatur.” <lb></lb>Et 9. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">οὐ δὲ δὴ κίνησις, εἴτις εστὶν ἀίδιος, οὐδ' εἴτι κινούμενον ἀίδιον οὐκ ἔστι κατὰ δυν́αμιν κινούμενον, <lb></lb>ἀλλ' ἒ πόθεν ποι, τούτου δὲ ὒλην οὐδὲν κωλύει ὑπάρχειν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">διὸ ἀεὶ ἐνεργεῖ ὁ ἣλιος καὶ τὰ ἄστρα καὶ ὃλος ὁ οὐ<lb></lb>ρανός. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὐδὲ φοβερὸν μήποτε στῇ ἃ φοβοῦνται οἱ περὶ φύσεως. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὐδὲ κάμνει τοῦτο δρῶντα. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">οὐ γὰρ είναι πε<lb></lb>ρι τὴν δυν́αμιν τῆς ἀντιφάσεως ἀυτοῖς οἷον το̂ιρ φθαρτο̂ις ἡ κὶνησῖς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὣστε ἠπὶπονον εἶναι τὴν συνέχει<lb></lb>αν τῆς κινήσεως</foreign>. </s> <s>& reliqua. </s> <s>ideſt, <expan abbr="“neq.">“neque</expan> motus, ſiquis eſt perpetuus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſiquid quod mouetur æter<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5161"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>num, non mouetur ſecundùm aliam <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ad vbi, huius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> materiam nihil eſſe prohibet. </s> <s>idcirco <lb></lb>ſemper eſt in officio ſol, & aſtra, & cœlum vniuerſum. </s> <s>neque verendum eſt, nequando ſtet, quod ve<lb></lb>rentur ij qui de natura, neque fatigantur hoc facientia. </s> <s>neque enim poſita ſunt in potentia contradi<lb></lb>ctionis, veluti caducis motus.” Ita vt laborioſa ſit continuatio motus, & adhuc planius 12. Met. <pb pagenum="901"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5162"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">Πάντα δ' ὐλην ἔχει ὅσα μεταβάλλει, ἀλλ' ἑτέραν, καὶ τῶν ἀιδὶων ὅσα μὴ γενητὰ, κινιτά δὲ φορᾷ, αλλ' <lb></lb>οὐ γενητὴν, ἀλλὰ πόθενπο̂ι</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>omnia verò <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> habent, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> mutantur, ſed diuerſam, & æter<lb></lb>norum <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> non generantur, mouentur verò latione, ſed non eiuſmodi quæ generari poſsit, ſed <lb></lb>aliunde quoquam, & quaſi etiam materia dicatur ob eam rationem qua accipit contradictionem pro<lb></lb>pter <expan abbr="adiunctã">adiunctam</expan> poteſtatem: <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>id materia vocatur ad illud ſolùm ad quod eſt in potentia, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>magis hoc patuit, cùm eadem genera principiorum docuit eſſe in cœlo, <expan abbr="perſpicuèq́">perſpicuèque</expan>. </s> <s>mentionem de <lb></lb>materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>fecit, vt de hoc nihil fuerit dubitandum. </s> <s>Niſi forte inualuerit conſuetudo diſtin<lb></lb>guendi illas voces apud eos qui Lycæum ab Ariſtotele coluerunt. </s> <s>Quoniam verò cęlum bifariam ſu<lb></lb>mi poteſt, vel vt quoddam per ſe à mouente principio ſeiunctum, vel vt vnum è mouente principio <lb></lb><expan abbr="mobiliq́">mobilique</expan>. </s> <s>factum eſt; nos hîc de cœlo per ſe verba facimus, & illius eſſentiam perquirimus: aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>fortaſſe dicendum ſit, ſi vt vnum per ſe mobile concipiatur à nob. </s> <s>& ex vniuerſis motus initiis conſti<lb></lb>tutum: nam ſic fortè non verebimur aſſeuerare hoc totum ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>componi; quia cor<lb></lb>pus ipſum ſit <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> materia ad illud formæ genus: attamen etſi tale eſt per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> illam à materia ex<lb></lb>peditam; non eſt quae ſuſpicemur ex iis vnum eſſe factum, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> non retineant adhuc actum ſuum <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> <lb></lb>proprium, nec <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> ſint actu ſubſtantiæ: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex illis fit vnum ſimpliciter, vt ex materia quæ po<lb></lb>teſtate ſubſtantia eſt, & ſua ipſius forma. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan>, & concordia, & vnio, vt ita dicam, po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5163"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teſtate & actu conſiſtat; at longè alius actus, <expan abbr="aliaq́">aliaque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtas eſt, cùm ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>lapidis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>fit, ac cùm ex cœleſti corpore & mente: in illis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> antecedens actus qui primus eſt, non conſeruatur, <lb></lb>aut ſaltem formaliter, vt alibi dictum eſt, ſed per propinquiorem poteſtatem vlterius promouetur, & <lb></lb>alius eſſentiæ gradus ſuperuenit, vnde ſolet variari denominatio. </s> <s>hîc nulla poteſtatis <expan abbr="eſſentiæq́">eſſentiæque</expan>. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb>motio conſpicitur; nec alius gradus eſſentiæ comparatur: eadem eſſentia cęli ipſius eſt, & ſine mente, <lb></lb>& cum ipſa. </s> <s>nec habitus vllus accedit, ſed actus <expan abbr="ſolũmodò">ſolummodò</expan> qui habitus ipſius eſt perfectio: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ex hoc, <lb></lb>quae cum mente copulatur, obtinet id, vt officium ſuum faciat ſolum quæ eſt <foreign lang="grc">ἀεικινησία</foreign> & immorta<lb></lb>litas; ita vt, tametſi tum abſoluta ſit natura cęleſtis, cùm mouetur in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>; nihilominus ea perfectio ſic <lb></lb>accedat; non ſanè quia forma ſuperueniens afferat <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>; iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aderat; ſed actum <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan>, & functio <lb></lb><expan abbr="nẽ">nem</expan>, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cæteroqui reliquæ formæ ſimul afferant <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan>, <expan abbr="facilitatemq́">facilitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>ad agendum, & <lb></lb>actionem ipſam, niſi obex aliquis obſtet; proinde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nomen <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> retineri ſolet. </s> <s>Quare, ſi rectè aduer<lb></lb>tas & cęlum eſt ante mentis <expan abbr="aduentũ">aduentum</expan>; & <expan abbr="poſtq̈">poſtquam</expan> aduenit, nihil de habitu immutans, nec habilitatem ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> adipiſcens, ſed in <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> prorum pens; at <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan> <expan abbr="inanimũ">inanimum</expan> ante alentis animæ aduentum, <lb></lb>planta non eſt, nec eſt <expan abbr="idoneũ">idoneum</expan> fungi officio plantę, eius aduentu fit planta, & <expan abbr="operat̃">operatur</expan> vt planta, <expan abbr="ſimulq́">ſimulque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>nomen immutat, & quemadmodum ſenſus, quæ abacus eſt in qua nihil depictum ſit, cùm poſsit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5164"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accipere rerum ſenſilium formas; vbi accipiat, non aliud fit <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſenſus, verùm à ſola functione perficitur <lb></lb>quæ, vt aliàs docuimus ſolam affert differentiam rationis & connotati, & eſt actu, non fanè ſenſus. </s> <s>erat <lb></lb>.n. prius huiuſmodi; ſed actu ſenſus, hoc eſt, ſentiens, cùm anteà foret in potentia ſecunda; ſic de cœlo <lb></lb>iudicare conuenit. </s> <s>etenim ante coniunctionem mentis non eſt potentia cœlum, ſed actu; eſt planè po<lb></lb>tentia mobile: hæc eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius ſecunda poteſtas; & ita fit mobile in actu ſecundo. </s> <s>Quòd ſi tum verè ſen<lb></lb>ſus dicitur, cùm in actu eſt, & ſentit; appellatio non excludit habitum, ſed ponit ante oculos habitum <lb></lb>omnib. ſuis partib. & numeris <expan abbr="abſolutũ">abſolutum</expan>; quod tum eſt, <expan abbr="cũiã">cuniam</expan> prodiit in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſecun<lb></lb>dus tollit <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, ſed conſummat <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>; non perimit, ſed perficit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tollit <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> eius formalem, ſed <lb></lb>mutat <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>; <expan abbr="ſiquidũ">ſiquidum</expan> fuit antea ſubſtantia. </s> <s>& nunc eſt ſpeciei <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>; ſed prius otiabatur; <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia nunc agit: & prius erat ſpecies cui <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> deerat; poſt <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecies eſt cui nihil omnino deſit. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>ſanè coniunctio <foreign lang="grc">συνδυασμοῦ</foreign> nomine ſignificatur ab Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in qua actus ille primus retinetur, & ex<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5165"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>trinſecus eſt actus ille ſuperueniens. </s> <s>Proinde etiam Latini geminam <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> nob. </s> <s>indicarunt, <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſubiectiuã">ſubiectiuam</expan> cui reſpondet forma materiata, & materialem quæ ſubſternitur formæ illi cuius eſt aſſocia<lb></lb>tio. </s> <s>tametſi obſeruo hanc <expan abbr="coniunctionẽ">coniunctionem</expan> fieri dupliciter, vel quia <expan abbr="ſuperueniẽs">ſuperueniens</expan> actus diuiduè recipiatur, <lb></lb>& materialiter, vt calor in ſanguine, vnde efficitur ſpiritus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hîc ſolet denominatio permutari, aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5166"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſpeciei nomine conſeruato cum coniunctione ſubſtantiæ, vt ſi homo ſumptione gladij fiat miles. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc ab iis quæ ſub ſenſum cadunt, ad ea tranſeamus quæ diſtant à nobis. </s> <s>ſicut igitur hæc coniunctio <lb></lb>fit nunc aduentu accidentis, aliàs acceſsione ſubſtantiæ corporeæ; ſic & <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> fieri <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> per <expan abbr="præſentiã">præſentiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ indiuiduæ, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>indiuiduè; quia forma ſui præſentia in quanlibet materiæ partem ſe non <lb></lb>inſinuet, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> tribuat quæ indiuiduo conſiſtit, actu <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ſubſtantiæ conſeruato, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>item, vt non inconueniat, ſi ſeorſum exiſtant, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> eſt in ſenſu & ſenſili: hanc <expan abbr="acce-ptionẽ">acce<lb></lb>ptionem</expan> formaliter fieri dicunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & eorum <expan abbr="actuũ">actuum</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> formalem vocant, <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> <expan abbr="contactũ">contactum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="virtualẽ">virtualem</expan>; alij non ineptè adſiſtentiam qua voce differentia notatur inter hoc <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> genus, & illud <lb></lb>quod diuiduè <expan abbr="materialiterq́">materialiterque</expan>. </s> <s>recipitur, indicatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab Auerroe <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nomine appropriationis; <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5167"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mihi videtur hic non eſſe compoſitionis modus, ſed formæ, quia forma quæ ſic cum ſuo ſubiecto co<lb></lb>pulatur, fit per <expan abbr="appropriationẽ">appropriationem</expan> quicquid ſit <foreign lang="grc">συνδυασμὸς</foreign> ea notat quæ ſeorſum <expan abbr="exiſtũt">exiſtunt</expan>, & externa ſunt, <lb></lb>quaſi copulata potius habeantur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae vnum verè ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> fuerit, vt fit ad <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> tranſeunte ma<lb></lb>teria; & ita ex illis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> fit, quia nil inter ipſa intercedit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> tamen extra ſit tale perficiens. </s> <s>Si igitur hoc <lb></lb>modo <expan abbr="adſiſtentiã">adſiſtentiam</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan> <expan abbr="formalẽ">formalem</expan> accipiant, quia .ſ. </s> <s>citra <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan>; & quia nil inter vtraſ<lb></lb>que ſubſtantias intercedat, ſed ſola poſterioris actus præſentia ſufficiat, libenter approbamus; aliter <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> alienum ab Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan> reiicimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> noua eſt hæc ratio noſtra, ſed à Nemeſio ad aliud <lb></lb>expoſita: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſe item de hoc <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> genere <expan abbr="mentionẽ">mentionem</expan> facit, docens ſuſcipi quandam <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <pb pagenum="902"></pb>in perfectionem & <expan abbr="complementũ">complementum</expan> alterius ſubſtantiæ, neque tamen <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſuſcipiatur declinare, ſed priſti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5168"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> conſeruare <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita complere <expan abbr="humiliorẽ">humiliorem</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, vt conuertat, non ſanè quae eius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="ſub-ſtantiã">ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam</expan> immutet: manet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eadem: ſed quae ſui ipſius præſentia <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> afferat operationem: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ibi eſſe dicitur ea forma, non intelligendum vt in loco, ſed per operationem: ſic in homine eſt coniun<lb></lb>ctio diuinæ rationis, & Deus eſſe dicitur in cœlo. </s> <s>Sed hæc hactenus, ad reliqua pergamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5156"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5157"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5158"></margin.target>c 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 26.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5159"></margin.target>d 8. Met. <lb></lb>Tt. 1. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5160"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5161"></margin.target>c. </s> <s>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5162"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5163"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5164"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5165"></margin.target>a 2. de par. <lb></lb></s> <s>anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5166"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5167"></margin.target>b 1. de cęl <lb></lb>T. c. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5168"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur de natura cęleſtis ſubstantiæ ſigillatim, & ex Auerroe dubitata diluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOC quod ita <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> eſt, & <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> exacta materia & forma per <expan abbr="appropriationẽ">appropriationem</expan> factum (vt ver<lb></lb>bo Auerrois vtar) magis <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> eſſet, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> extentione vlla <lb></lb>fit vnum, ſed illo contactus genere quem virtualem vocant, quo fit interdum, vt etiam quod magis <lb></lb>diſtat, vicinius exiſtimari poſsit; veluti ſi hoſtium baculo <expan abbr="moueã">moueam</expan>; ex me & hoſtio magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex baculo, <lb></lb>& hoſtio fit vnum. </s> <s>hoc item illud eſt corpus abſolutiſsimum, quod omnium ſuorum <expan abbr="officiorũ">officiorum</expan> initia <lb></lb>continet in ſe perpetuò; nec vlli alij quod extra ſit, accepta refert initia ſui motus; proinde <foreign lang="grc">ἀει κὶνηηον</foreign>, <lb></lb>& <foreign lang="grc">ἀυτοκὶνητον</foreign> optimo iure nominari poteſt, & verè <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan>; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> maximè ſimplex, dum ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia per compoſitionem non immutatur; licet <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> adæquet, dum omnia bona comple<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5169"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctitur intra ſe. </s> <s>In reliquis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corporib. <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſimplicia ſunt, tranſmutatio ſubſtantiæ priuationem, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> nob. </s> <s>indicauit: idcirco tametſi ea corpora ſimplicia <expan abbr="vocant̃">vocantur</expan>, non proptereà materiæ <expan abbr="formęq́">formęque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>compoſitionem reiiciunt, ſed aliorum <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> duntaxat quæ per ſe ſubſiſtere poſſunt, & ſpeciem <expan abbr="ab-ſolutã">ab<lb></lb>ſolutam</expan> efficere, quæ, ſcilicet, intrinſecè terminet motus naturæ: quapropter in his aliud eſt eſſe corpus, <lb></lb>& eſſe corpori: noſtrum hoc quia perpetuum, priuationem <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s>reſpuit; & ſimplex igitur alte<lb></lb>ro genere ſimplicitatis: ac niſi ſimplex eſſet, ex actu <expan abbr="potentiaq́">potentiaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtaret, vbi verò potentia, <expan abbr="ibidẽ">ibidem</expan> con<lb></lb>tradictio, vbi hæc, ibidem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nulla neceſsitas, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> planè perpetuitatis ratio ſeruaretur. </s> <s>Ob id eius <lb></lb>eſſentia reipſa non differt à corpore cęleſti: nam per ſe ipſam actus eſt; & cùm ſit natura ſimplex, ab <lb></lb>eo non differt cuius eſt actus. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> non eſt eiuſmodi actus qui formis tribui conſueuit; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma<lb></lb>rum actus per ſe indiuiduus, & in liberis à materia, cùm per ſe, tum per accidens indiuiduus: in mate<lb></lb>ria verò concretis per accidens diuidi poteſt: materia per ſe diuiſioni ſubiacet: & ita cęleſtis corporis <lb></lb>actus eſt; quia non ſit nec poteſtate ſubſtantia, nec quantum, nec quale; & ita materia; quia ſit poten<lb></lb>tia ſolùm vbi. </s> <s>Id verò facilè perſuadebitur intuenti ordinem eorum quæ ſunt: actus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & poteſtas vni<lb></lb>uerſa complectuntur, & <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> oppoſita medio vacantia peruagantur omnes rerum gradus illo ſanè <lb></lb>ordine qui ab Ariſtotele deſcriptus eſt, & de quo alibi complura: quocirca ſicuti gradus quidam inter <lb></lb>actus reperitur, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> inter poteſtates exiſtit, quibus materia ipſa determinatur. </s> <s>Atqui materia in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5170"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>caducis eſt ad omneis categorias, in cęlo verò ad vbi ſolum, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ad qualitates, ſi fuerint ex<lb></lb>ordine perficientium, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <expan abbr="patibiliũ">patibilium</expan>. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> genus mirum in modum aduerſatur æternis: illæ non <lb></lb>repugnant, ad quas non eſt motus per ſe, configuratio, lumen, & tenebræ: Poſita eſt <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poteſtas in <lb></lb>formis, ſentiente, & intelligente ad formas ſenſiles, & eas quæ in <expan abbr="mẽtem">mentem</expan> cadere poſſunt. </s> <s>Ex altera par<lb></lb>te actus eſt primum in genere formarum, ſiue ſint abſolutæ à materia, ſeu materia <expan abbr="cõſtent">conſtent</expan>: deinde cor<lb></lb>porum actus eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic vel abſolutus, vel ab alio actu pendens, vt in rebus materia conſtantibus & <lb></lb>quarum eſſe eſt à forma, ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> actus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in omnibus ponitur generatim, de quibus eſſe <expan abbr="quomo-docunq.">quomo<lb></lb>docunque</expan> prædicatur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & materia dicitur eſſe actu. </s> <s>Actus ille quem corpori cęleſti tribuimus, eſt <lb></lb>ex iis qui pertinent ad corpora, ſed abſolutus, vt <expan abbr="neutiquã">neutiquam</expan> pendeat ex forma. </s> <s>Rurſus accidentia cuncta <lb></lb>pendent ex actu, vt per quem inſint: <expan abbr="iſq́">iſque</expan>. </s> <s>duplex eſt, vel qui de ſubiecto prædicatur, vel etiam qui per <lb></lb>ſe conſiſtit: ex hoc poſteriore genere ſunt accidentia quæ inſunt in corpore cęleſti citra vllam muta<lb></lb>tionem, cùm cæteroqui motus eius poteſtatem conſequatur. </s> <s>Noui probè D. Thomam in hoc <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> <lb></lb>fuiſſe inuectum eo nomine: quoniam ſi cęlum foret actus ille quem nos ſtatuimus, eſſet item neceſſa<lb></lb>riò expers materiæ, & incorporeus, quòd ſi ita eſſe poneretur, negare non poſſemus, quin eſſet etiam <lb></lb>mens. </s> <s>Et ſi ſcio non defuiſſe quoſdam qui non neceſſarium eſſe credant, vt etiam ſeparata ſint mentes. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5171"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quamobrem ſi ſubſtantias incorporeas contemplandi functione defraudant, multò etiam magis hoc <lb></lb>officium corpori cęleſti negaturos eſſe probabile eſt. </s> <s>Etenim diſtinguunt de ſubſtantiis ſeparatis, alias <lb></lb>eſſe docentes, quæ ſint eſſentiæ tantum, & quiditates, alias verò, quæ præter id, quae ſunt, etiam per eſſen<lb></lb>tiam <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> habent aliquod munus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> has ſolas contemplandi facultate pollere. </s> <s>Neſcio tamen videre <lb></lb>ſuperuacaneam illam, & inanem eſſentiam, quæ maneat otioſa in natura, niſi eſſentiam accipiant, quę <lb></lb>tantùm in mente conſiſtit, vbi .ſ. </s> <s>à conditionib. materiæ ſeparetur, quæ nihil eſt extra mentem: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> præ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5172"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſertim cùm obſeruem apud Ariſtotelem ipſi eſſentiæ certam functionem tribui, & res omnium perfe<lb></lb>ctiſsimas vita quadam præditas eſſe cenſeri à philoſophis, quae rerum optimarum optimus item ſtatus eſ<lb></lb>ſe debeat, nullus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> melior vita, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem contemplante. </s> <s>quocirca niſi ſint mentes, quæ <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> ſe<lb></lb>ipſas intelligant, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quæ ſublimiora ſunt; non poſſum non arbitrari maximis bonis, & voluptati<lb></lb>bus omnem mundum iri priuatum. </s> <s>Et certè melioris notæ philoſophi in hanc <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> diſceſsiſſe vi<lb></lb>dentur, vt Auerroës, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> plurib. locis, & multò ante ipſum Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> teſtatus mentes ſeparatas à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5173"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia eſſe actu intellectiles, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc eſt, vt ſimul intelligant, & intelligentur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit in ipſis functio, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5174"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mens, & obiectum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>generatim docuit <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> gregem incorporeorum perpetuò ſe habere, <expan abbr="quẽ-admodum">quen<lb></lb>admodum</expan> nos aliquando. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Videtur etiam eſſe ille philoſophorum conſenſus ex Ariſtotele de prom<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5175"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ptus, & huius generis <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> munus, quod eſt mouere. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> loquitur Philoſophus. <pb pagenum="903"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5176"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>“Sed hunc neceſſe eſt numerum ſubſtantiarum eſſe: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliæ ſunt, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> mouebunt, cùm lationis finis <lb></lb>ſint.” Quare aut concedendum eſt argumentum D. Thomæ; aut dicendum actum eſſe nomen ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <lb></lb>& primò ſignificare Deum & mentem, deinde <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> transferri ad ea quæ non ſunt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dij, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="mẽ-tes">men<lb></lb>tes</expan>: attamen hæc res à nob. </s> <s>vberius infrà tractabitur. </s> <s>Eſt igitur actus per ſe materia cœli in genere ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ. </s> <s>Quòd ſiquando dixit Simplicius formam eſſe cum tali materia <foreign lang="grc">συνουσιωμένην</foreign>. </s> <s>nos in hunc <lb></lb>ſenſum verba ipſius accipiemus, vt cœlum concipiatur, quatenus vnum eſt cum mente per aſſocia<lb></lb>tionem & compoſitionem formalem, non autem per eſſentiam propriam, & per compoſitionem pro<lb></lb>priè dictam: & <foreign lang="grc">συνουσιωμένην</foreign> vocem non trahemus ad ſignificandam eſſentiam, ſed exiſtentiam, mo<lb></lb>re non inſueto; qua notetur <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> ſubſtantias ſimul exiſtere, quae perpetuò forma illa exiſteret, neque <lb></lb>cum priuatione, aut contrario mutaretur: nos verò eſſentiam cœleſtis materiæ quærimus, & omnem <lb></lb>rationem mentis ab ea ſeuocamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ipſe poſteà ex Alexandri ſententia <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> profitetur in cœlo eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5177"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiam, quatenus eſt mobile ad locum, quae in ipſo eſt quædam natura patibilis, & quodammodo af<lb></lb>finis materiæ; quia .ſ. </s> <s>aut materia ipſa eſt, aut forma quæ eſt animalis, & corporea, quam poſtea ab eius <lb></lb>materiæ ſubſtantia non diſtingui docebat ipſe cum Alexandro. </s> <s>Ex his igitur via recluditur, & indica<lb></lb>tur ratio qua omnis controuerſia tolli queat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi in cęlo contendunt ſectatores Auerrois non <lb></lb>eſſe materiam: quia materia ſit, per quod res eſſe, & non eſſe poſsit, ſic obiectio tollitur. </s> <s>Etenim ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5178"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teria cùm poteſtate definiatur, ea ratione materia eſt qua item vi poteſtatis eſt prædita: ſic igitur vbi <lb></lb>ſit poteſtate ſubſtantia, eſt materia ſubſtantiæ, & in eo genere reſpicit oppoſita eſſe .ſ. </s> <s>& non eſſe: <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <lb></lb>modo dicendum eſt de poteſtate quanto, quali, & vbi. </s> <s>Quamobrem quae cœleſte corpus eſt actu ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia quantum, & quale, poteſtatem habens ad ipſum vbi: ad ſubſtantiam, quantum & quale materia <lb></lb>non erit, ſed ad genus ipſius vbi. </s> <s>Proinde materiæ definitio, quae ſit potentia ſubſtantia, quantum, quale <lb></lb>& vbi; cùm ſumi queat collectim pro omnib .ſ. </s> <s>modis ſimul, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> poteſtatem habet, & pro ſingulis ſe<lb></lb>orſum; eo priore ſignificato ſiquis materiam cęlo neget, non reprehendimus: talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt duntaxat ma<lb></lb>teria noſtràs; ſed ſi poſteriore modo accipiatur materia; profectò negari non poteſt, quin in cęlo ſit ma<lb></lb>teria, cùm ibi ſit poteſtas ad vbi: quapropter in illo argumento latet fallacia figuræ dictionis. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>quod erat verum diuiſim, & ſeorſum ipſi coniunctim; & ſimul accipiunt. </s> <s>Cùm adiiciunt etiam cuncta <lb></lb>futura in cęlo quæ materiæ comitantur: dicimus item eodem vitio laborare ſecundam hanc rationem: <lb></lb>quocirca damus illa planè cęlo affutura quæ comitantur tali ſubſtantiæ, quæ ſit actu ſubſtantia, quan<lb></lb>tum & quale: poteſtate verò ad vbi; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & huius vnius generis materia: talis eſt ipſa latio, differen<lb></lb>tia poſituræ, commutatio terminorum, & viciſsitudo perpetua loci quæ eſt veluti loci corruptio, & op<lb></lb>poſitio, quæ pertinet ad illud prædicamentum, quod ipſa <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> potentia reſpicit; & ſiqua ſunt alia, <lb></lb>quæ potentiam eiuſmodi conſequuntur: illa verò oppoſitio vnde ſubſtantiæ interitus emanat, lon<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5179"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>giſsimè aberit, quoniam hæc eam materiam ſectatur quæ eſt poteſtate ſubſtantia. </s> <s>Eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mo<lb></lb>do lapſi ſunt, dum opponunt ea fore finitæ motionis in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ineſt materia, <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> ſic ſe <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> <lb></lb>illa, quorum eſt materia quæ poſsit eſſe ſubſtantia; cùm hæc promoueatur ad actum per illud genus <lb></lb>formæ quam oppoſiti priuatio ſequitur, & in oppoſito priuationem reperit repugnantem: vnde ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt ex illa fiat compoſitum cuius motio <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ceſſet propter oppoſitionem quæ fruſtrari non <lb></lb>debet: hæc verò, quia nulla eius generis exiſtit in cęlo; efficitur, vt ille motus ſine fatigatione, aut mo<lb></lb>bilis, aut mouentis in perpetuum duci poſsit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5169"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5170"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5171"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5172"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5173"></margin.target>b 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T c. 61. <lb></lb><lb></lb>Lib. de ſub. <lb></lb>orb. </s> <s>c. vlt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5174"></margin.target>c 3. de An. <lb></lb>12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5175"></margin.target>d 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5176"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5177"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 32.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5178"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5179"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De eodem & diuerſo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ibidem cauſſę diſtinctionis afferuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI rite Latinorum obiectioneis euertere velimus, hęc in primis conſtituere placuit quæ nonmodò va<lb></lb>leant ad <expan abbr="diſcernendã">diſcernendam</expan> cęli materiam ab ea quę <expan abbr="infimã">infimam</expan> mundi <expan abbr="ſedẽ">ſedem</expan> occupauit, ſed etiam ad multa co<lb></lb>gnoſcenda quæ in ore philoſophantium creberrimè verſantur, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>eadem ſint, & quę diuerſa, ac qui<lb></lb>bus modis ſingula diſtingui poſsint; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>à capite arceſſere decreuimus ſic opinati <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan>, atque <lb></lb>vberiorem <expan abbr="fructũ">fructum</expan> ex ſermonibus noſtris iri collectum. </s> <s>Incipiamus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab eodem, cuius explicatio ta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5180"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>metſi allata eſt ab Ariſtotele; <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nihilominus illam & ampliorem, & illuſtriorem reddere conabimur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5181"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Idem igitur & diuerſum in collatione ſunt poſita, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>aut per ſe ſunt, aut per accidens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem per <lb></lb>ſe reſpicit ipſam ſubſtantiam; idem per accidens aut pertinet ad accidentia, aut ad modum inhęrendi; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ad accidentia quidem, vbi conſimilis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> cuiuſpiam accidentis, aut eius quod repręſentatur vt acci<lb></lb>dens, <expan abbr="ponit̃">ponitur</expan> in diuerſis ſuppoſitis, vtputa, quantitas in me, & te, quod æqualitatis nomine ſignificatur, <lb></lb>& qualitas item, quod exprimitur <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> ſimilitudinis; ſic par gradus virtutis, ſiquidem etiam diuiſioni <lb></lb>virtus ſubiiciatur, quantitatem ſeu diſcretam, ſeu continuam præſefert; & formæ ſimilitudo affert no<lb></lb>tionem qualitatis. </s> <s>Quod verò pertinet ad modum inhærendi; <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> inſunt in eodem ſingulari, <lb></lb>cuiuſcunque ordinis ſint, dummodo ipſius eſſentiam non attingant, eadem ſunt, ſed ſubiecto, proinde <lb></lb>de ſingulari ſolo prædicantur, nec in vniuerſo, ſed in parte inſunt. </s> <s>Eadem per ſe rurſus, vel <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> vna <lb></lb>materia, vel quorum vna eſſentia, quæ dicitur à forma: Et quidem ea quorum eſt vna materia, vel eſt <lb></lb>vna ad numerum, vel ad ſpeciem; ac ſi fuerit vna ad numerum, ideſt, eiſdem terminis comprehenſa <expan abbr="q̃-titatis">qua<lb></lb>titatis</expan>, ex illa ea ducuntur, quæ vnum ad numerum ſunt, vt ego mihi idem ipſe ſum; qui, tametſi vnus <lb></lb>exiſto, tamen mecum ipſe conferor, quia cogitatio me capit vt duo. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt aſcenſui deſcen<lb></lb>ſus ſuper eadem ſcala: ſi ad ſpeciem fuerit vna materia, ſic multæ ſtatuæ ex ære ſunt vnum: ita enim <lb></lb>ſunt vnum & idem, quòd eadem eſt materia, nec ſanè vnum ad numerum, ſed plura, quia materia <pb pagenum="904"></pb>non eſt vna ad numerum; ſed ad ſpeciem; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen ipſe ſunt ad ſpeciem pugnam etſi ad nume<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5182"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum plures; quia materia ſit vna ad ſpeciem, vt cyathus ex ære, & tuba: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ex hoc ſolùm habetur, <lb></lb>quòd ſint ad numerum plura; quòd eadem ſint ad ſpeciem, aliunde petitur. </s> <s>A forma verò eiuſdem ra<lb></lb>tio ſic accipitur; quae eorum ſit vna eſſentia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc vel vna eſt ad numerum, vt in vno indiuiduo, vt So<lb></lb>crates, dum ſecum ipſe confertur aut ad ſpeciem, vel vt in vna ſpecie, aut ad genus, quemadmodum in <lb></lb>vno genere. </s> <s>Ex aduerſo illa quæ non ſunt eadem, vel circa idem diuerſa ſunt, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>propriè differentia <lb></lb>nuncupantur; vel ita diſtant, vt nihil habeant commune, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea diuerſa dicuntur. </s> <s>Ipſa verò vel eiuſ<lb></lb>modi ſunt, quòd eorum materia diuerſa ſit: diuerſa verò vel numero, vel ſpecie, & numero planè, vt <lb></lb>hæc ſella lignea ab illo ſedili lapideo, ſpecie verò, vbi ratio non vnius indiuidui, ſed plurium habea<lb></lb>tur, velut omnium ſellarum, lignearum <expan abbr="lapideorumq́">lapideorumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſedilium, & vt ſi hoc ex ære factum ſit; illud è <lb></lb>marmore; <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nihil obſtat, ſi ſpecies <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſit, veluti ſi Mercurius idem à Lyſippo ex ære cudatur; à Pa<lb></lb>ſone ducatur de marmore: & quemadmodum idem non erat ad ſpeciem, tametſi materia ad ſpeciem <lb></lb>eadem foret; ſic non eſt hoc ſpecie diuerſum; licet materia diuerſa ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item illa diuerſa quorum <lb></lb>eſſentia non eſt eadem vt ſubſtantiæ, & ſcientiæ, & vtputo, eorum quorum non ſunt eædem ſpecies, ne<lb></lb>que differentiæ cum conſtituentes, tum etiam diuidentes, vt in prædicamentis expoſuimus. </s> <s>Itaque & <lb></lb>admodùm concisè locum <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> ab Ariſtotele <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> expreſſum fuiſſe cenſeo, aut non deeſſe mendæ ſuſpicio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5183"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5184"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in codice Græco legamus. <foreign lang="grc">Ἔτερα δὲ λὲγεται, ὧν ἢ τὰ εἴδηπλείω, ἢ ἡ ὕλη, ὁ λόγος τῆς <lb></lb>οὐσίας, καὶ ὅλως ἀντηκειIμένως τᾤ ταὐτῷ λεγέται τὸ ἔτερον</foreign>. </s> <s>ſi debent diuerſa opponi eiſdem; <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>verò ſunt quorum vel vna ad numerum materia, vel plures quidem, ſed ſpeciei eiuſdem; vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quo<lb></lb>rum vna eſt eſſentia: diuerſa profecto, quorum vel ſubſtantiæ ratio diuerſa, vel diuerſa materia, ſeu <lb></lb>numero, ſeu ſpecie: quare diuerſa, quorum vel ſpecies plures .ſ. </s> <s>materiæ, vel materia quæ nimirum <lb></lb>vna ſit ad ſpeciem, diuerſa autem numero. </s> <s>aut ſi clarius eloqui libeat; ita ſuppleto verba Ariſtotelis, <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἢ τὰ εἴδη πλεὶω</foreign>, nempe <foreign lang="grc">τῆς ὓλης, ἢ ἡ ὕλη μία</foreign>, ideſt, vna, ad ſpeciem nimirùm. </s> <s>Ea verò, quæ circa <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>diuerſa ſunt, quæ <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> vocamus, in multas parteis digeruntur: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tantùm numero <expan abbr="differũt">differunt</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed ſpecie, genere, & analogo. </s> <s>i. vbi proportio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> intercedat. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> & ea quæ appellamus analo<lb></lb>ga circa idem aliquod diuerſa ſunt: nam pedes animalis, & pedes ſcamni, ſeu montis in id concurrunt, <lb></lb>vt ſint partes inferiores; ſed quae diuerſarum rerum partes ſunt, & ſimilitudinem habent, & ſeparantur: <lb></lb>decem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genera generaliſsima conueniunt, vt ſubſtantiæ ſint, ſed ſubſtantia talis eſt ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>cætera ſunt ſubſtantiæ quodammodo. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Hîc ſibi fortè noſtra decreta ſuſpecta erunt, cùm vniuerſi illi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5185"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>qui hunc locum Ariſtotelis conuerterunt, excipiant ea quæ numero ſecernuntur, quaſi ad hæc dif<lb></lb>ferentiæ ratio non aptetur; mihi verò ſic dicendum videtur, qui verba Ariſtotelis peruerſa fuiſſe intel<lb></lb>ligam: is <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic ſcripſit. <foreign lang="grc">Διάφορα δὲ λεγέται, ὅσα ἓτερά ἐστι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὸ αὐτὸ τι ὄντα, μη μόνον ἀριθμῷ, ἀλλ' <lb></lb>ἢ εἴδη, ἢ γένει, ἢ ἀναλογία</foreign>. </s> <s>His accedunt ea quorum genus alterum eſt, nec quidem ſimpliciter, vt a<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5186"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nimalis, & ſcientiæ, quandoquidem ea diuerſa ſunt, ſed eiuſmodi, vt non tranſiliant idem <expan abbr="prędicamẽ-tum">prędicamen<lb></lb>tum</expan>, vt bonum & malum quæ ſunt genera de prędicamento qualitatis. </s> <s>Ad differentia quoque con<lb></lb>traria referuntur, quæ vel in eodem genere ſunt, vt album & nigrum in genere colorum, vel diuerſo<lb></lb>rum generum, vt virtus quæ eſt in genere boni, & vitium quod eſt in genere mali, vel ipſa ſunt diuer<lb></lb>ſa genera, vt bonum, & malum: <expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> omnino illa differunt, quorum in ſubſtantia diuerſitas eſt, vel quae <lb></lb>numero diuerſa ſint, vel ſpecie, vel genere: quandoquidem non per aliquod accidens diſtinguuntur; <lb></lb>ſed per ſubſtantię principia, quę licet duo ſint, materia .ſ. </s> <s>& forma; tamen tripliciter ſe habent, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> diſtinguuntur, & eiuſmodi ſunt ea quę genere ſeparantur; vel per ſolam formam, velut ea <lb></lb>quę ſpecie differunt, vel per ſolam materiam, ſicut ea quę differunt numero. </s> <s>At verò ea quæ analo<lb></lb>go diſtinguuntur, vt pluribus olim docuimus, non diſtinguuntur per alias differentias: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quæ <lb></lb>ſic diſtinguuntur, quemadmodum etiam docebat Alexander, in genere conueniant neceſſe eſt: atqui <lb></lb>multa analogo differunt, quorum perſpicuè genus idem non eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> cognouimus quę ſint eadem, di<lb></lb>uerſa, & differentia; nunc explicemus <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ea differant quæ nos analoga conſtituimus. </s> <s>Duo <lb></lb>verò ſunt modi generales quibus res ipſæ ſecum differunt: etenim aut differunt, quatenus ſimul natu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5187"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra ſunt, veluti differentiæ, quibus idem genus diuiditur, nec ſanè quin altera ſit perfectior, ſed origine, <lb></lb>cùm genus exiſtentiæ cauſſa æqualiter <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> reſpiciat, ſpecies eiuſdem generis, & indiuidua quę ab <lb></lb>eadem ſpecie continentur, vel differunt vt prius & poſterius, velut ea, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> analogia ſpectatur, ta<lb></lb>metſi analogia duob. </s> <s>modis exiſtit, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſumitur à natura, vt prius illud <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan> quod eſt natura prius, <lb></lb>velut in entium ambitu Deus, & in genere ſubſtantię <expan abbr="cõpoſitæ">compoſitæ</expan> forma, vel quod nob. </s> <s>notius, ſicuti ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia compoſita prior eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> forma, quia nob. </s> <s>notior: eius ordinis ſunt immortale, <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, & ſiqua <lb></lb>ſunt alia quæ <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan> continent, quia tametſi ſunt priora natura, ſunt nobis ignota, proinde ex op<lb></lb>poſito cognoſcuntur, & ab eo denominantur. </s> <s>Prætereà quæ differunt, aut ſimplicia ſunt, aut <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>; <lb></lb>ac rurſus ſimplicia vel ſuapte natura, <expan abbr="quẽadmodũ">quenadmodum</expan> materia & forma, & illa omnino <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe, & <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>; aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſimplicia ſunt ad <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan>, veluti <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan> ſumma genera, quae in rudi illa <expan abbr="primaq́">primaque</expan>. </s> <s>fun<lb></lb>ctione mentis, ea non reſoluuntur in ſua primordia, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, videlicet, & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſiue actum, & <expan abbr="poteſta-tẽ">poteſta<lb></lb>tem</expan>, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <expan abbr="vnaquæq.">vnaquæque</expan> categoria conſtat. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> vt id obiter addam, propoſitiones medio vacantes quas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5188"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è terminis ſtruit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui accipiunt genera ſumma, ſunt ad <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan>, non reuera <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, reuera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5189"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> principiis conflari debet propoſitio medio vacans. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> vel ex diuerſis ſubſtantiis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>primordiis, vt animal, & homo, ac <expan abbr="mixtũ">mixtum</expan>, vel ex <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> notione, reb. ipſis non acceptis, ſed ſuppoſitis & <lb></lb>mente anticipatis, ſeu res anticipatæ ſint natura priores, ſeu nobis <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> eius generis hæc ſunt quæ ſine <pb pagenum="905"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5190"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alio noteſcere nequeunt, licet ab eo reapſe ſeparentur; negatio quæ ſine affirmatione ignorantur; pri<lb></lb>uatio cuius notio conſtat ex notione habitus; poteſtas quæ ſine actu non cognoſcitur, & materia cui <lb></lb>ſupponitur notitia formę, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> via qua hæc ſit huius materia: refertur hæc compoſitionis <lb></lb>ſpecies ad formalem: nam cùm hîc exiſtat gradus, ac ſit prius, vel quo ad nos, vel natura, quod poſte<lb></lb>rius eſt, ſine priore non concipitur; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſimplicem <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan> non habet, ſed quia res ipſę non vnà con<lb></lb>ſiſtunt, efficitur <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> formalis, non autem realis. </s> <s>Si ſimplicia fuerint; ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> qua ſimplicia <lb></lb>ſunt, ſeipſis diſtinguuntur; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, quòd alteri <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> ſuæ diſtinctionis <expan abbr="acceptã">acceptam</expan> referre queant, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ſint, ab eo <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> ſumunt ex quo componuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> verò omnis ratio <lb></lb>diſtinctionis pręter numeralem petitur ab actu: nam per ſeipſum primò diſtinguitur: <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam <lb></lb>diſtinctionis cęteris affert. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primò tale eſt, & ſeipſo eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, & proinde cauſſa cęteris, vt ita ſint. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Igitur ſubſtantia cœli ſiue vt ſubſtantia ſimpliciter, ſiue vt materia, ſic differt à cęteris corporibus & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5191"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiis, vt analogo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> à corporibus, vt prius quid natura, quo ad nos verò vt quid poſterius; etenim <lb></lb>corpora hæc nobis notiora ſunt, idcirco primùm de his corporib. ab Ariſt. </s> <s>diſputatum eſt; mox <expan abbr="ventũ">ventum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt ad <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan>, & oſtenſum priore loco ipſum alterius eſſe ſubſtantiæ ab his, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> graue, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> leue, ſi <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>materiæ ſpectemus, & natura poſterior eſt, & nobis identidem. </s> <s>proptereaque ſi materia conſtituitur ex <lb></lb>poteſtate; maior profectò <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> poteſtatis eſt in noſtrate, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in cœleſti: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc eſt poteſtate ſubſtantia, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5192"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& reliqua prædicamenta; illa eſt poteſtate ſolùm vbi: eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nob. </s> <s>ignota eſt: vnde factum eſt, <lb></lb>vt Ariſt. </s> <s>explicaret prius <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> rerum <expan abbr="caducarũ">caducarum</expan> in methodo naturali, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cœli. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia cœli cùm ſit actu ſubſtantia, & reſpiciat vt perfectum quid <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> mouentem, ex quibus vnum <lb></lb>exiſtit quod diximus eſſe <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobile, & quatenus actu ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſimplex; ſeipſa diſtingui<lb></lb>tur, & quatenus primum mobile & <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, diſtinctionem à principiis ſuis impetrauit: cùm eadem <lb></lb>materiæ <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſubeat, neceſſariò per illum <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> diſtinguetur, quem reſpicit, vt materia. </s> <s>Porrò duplex <lb></lb>actus in ipſa <expan abbr="perſpicit̃">perſpicitur</expan>, vel qui eſt de <expan abbr="prędicamẽto">prędicamento</expan> ipſius vbi, ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> ſolùm obtinuit <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, vel quate<lb></lb>nus mobile <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, hoc eſt, per ſe mobile; vnde <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan> actu primi <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan>, & quae <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> initia <expan abbr="cõſtitu-tionis">conſtitu<lb></lb>tionis</expan> & differentiæ; per <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> quoque neceſſe eſt <expan abbr="diſtinguat̃">diſtinguatur</expan>. </s> <s>His poſitis quod <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan> videndum eſt; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex iis perbellè dilui poſſe puto, quæcunque de materia cœli obiecta Ariſtoteli ſunt à Latinis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5180"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5181"></margin.target>b 5. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5182"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5183"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5184"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5185"></margin.target>b 4. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5186"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5187"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5188"></margin.target>c 1. de An. <lb></lb>T. 78.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5189"></margin.target>d 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5190"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5191"></margin.target>a 2. p. </s> <s>p.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5192"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Spectatur diligentius quemadmodum materia cęli ſeparetur à materia caducorum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>VIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM poſtquàm nos eò ſeries rerum deduxit, vt attingeremus diſcrimen quod inter <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> <lb></lb>materias intercedit, à præſenti <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> inſtituto non abhorrebit, ſi caput hoc accuratius pertracte<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5193"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Certè ſi vnus mundus à nobis cum Ariſt. </s> <s>ſtatuendus eſt, & principia prima à quibus ipſe conſtitu<lb></lb>tus eſt, in ſuo <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> genere ſingula eſſe oportet hoc modo. </s> <s>Vnum finem, & efficiens vnum; <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> eiuſ<lb></lb>dem formam quæ parteis eius <expan abbr="oẽis">omneis</expan> <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>, vel à qua communicatum eſt eſſe his <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> clarius, his <lb></lb>verò obſcurius, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vel quæ materialiter in partib. vniuerſi conſiſtit, eam verò nos in ordine ponemus, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5194"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnam <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> materiam quæ huic ordini ſubiaceat. </s> <s>Hinc illud verum eſſe arbitror, quod generatim vi<lb></lb>deo pronunciaſſe nonnullos, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> quidem <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="desup̨">desuper</expan>er ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> vſque mundi procedentem per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5195"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> gradus, quod nos <foreign lang="grc">ὑφεσιν</foreign> ſæpius appellauimus: quare non vna ſimpliciter eſt, ſed per <expan abbr="humili-tatẽ">humili<lb></lb>tatem</expan> naturę: nam ſi vna foret ſimpliciter; ordo non eſſet, neque deinceps mundus. </s> <s>Nunc mundus eſt: <lb></lb>ordo igitur: quare etiam gradus materię varios eſſe oportet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ob id <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> naturę <expan abbr="cõmunionem">communionem</expan>, <lb></lb>quatenus eſt aliquod <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, quod per ſe formæ <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> capax eſt, ſed quia <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> formarum quę ſint <lb></lb>perfectionis æqualis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eodem prorſus modo, & vna materia perhibetur à qua mundus vnus exiſtit, <lb></lb>& plures <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> inter ſe diſtinctæ; quare eſt mundus: <foreign lang="grc">κόσμος</foreign>. </s> <s>n. </s> <s>varietatem ſignificat. </s> <s>Nam quo ſublimior <lb></lb>eſt ipſa materies, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perfectiores accipit formas, & modo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> perfectionem, quippe per copu<lb></lb>lam, quæ fit citra <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> extentionem; cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit actu ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> accipit cuius beneficio poſsit obi<lb></lb>re munus ſuum: noſtra hæc ad actu <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> promouetur. </s> <s>Superior contraria non intue<lb></lb>tur, aut ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ea quæ ſunt de categoria ipſius vbi; hęc à nullo contrariorum genere abſoluitur: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5196"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> iis proprietatibus ſingulæ inſignitæ ſunt quæ magis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> genere diſtinguuntur; ex quo item <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <lb></lb>materiæ ſpecies etiam magis <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> genere diſtinguatur neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>phyſicum genus accipio; nihil enim <lb></lb>prohibet quo minus in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere prędicabili collocetur: rerum caducarum materies eſt generis eiuſ<lb></lb>dem; licet pro merito <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> gradus aliquos obtineat, ſed in cęlo <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>materia nulla generis ratio <lb></lb>reperiri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>genus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per contraria diſtinguitur, & ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> accipienda eſt habile; proptereà bonum <lb></lb>reſpicit quod ab actu deriuatur, & <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan> quod naſcitur à priuatione; vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> malum cum bono com<lb></lb>mutat: in cœlo nulla ſubſtantiæ repugnantię, ſed <foreign lang="grc">ὑφεσις</foreign>, & humilitas naturæ duntaxat, & propter <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>perpetuò bonum: quocirca <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cœlum cum aliis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eius partes ſecum mutari queunt. </s> <s>Neque verò <lb></lb>eſt, quae ſi gradus in ea ſubſtantia ſit; ex quo imperfectior hæc pars eſſe dicitur, illa verò imperfectior (ita <lb></lb>enim ſe habent ille ſubſtantiæ, vel Ariſt. </s> <s>auctore, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt quo magis diſtant à centro, & ſe ſublimius extu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5197"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lerunt, cęteras perfectione & præſtantia vincant) quae præſtantior in deterius transformetur, aut imper<lb></lb>fectior <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> alterius aſſequatur, aut verearis egeſtatem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe malum quoddam. </s> <s>Nam gemi<lb></lb>nam <expan abbr="egeſtatẽ">egeſtatem</expan> philoſophi monſtrarunt; alteram, quam vocant <foreign lang="grc">παρατροπὴν</foreign>, & detrimentum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="al-terã">al<lb></lb>teram</expan> quæ dicitur <foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὑφεσῖν</foreign>, nos per <expan abbr="humilitatẽ">humilitatem</expan> conuertimus: illa quidem prima eſt, vbi id quod in<lb></lb>diget; ita indiget, quia cùm aſſequi poſsit, nondum aſſecutum eſt; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſterior non habet qui<lb></lb>dem, ſed aſſequi non contendit: id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obtinuit quod naturæ ſuæ conueniens, <expan abbr="debitumq́">debitumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit; quare non <pb pagenum="906"></pb>affert malum: hoc verò genus egeſtatis ſolùm, non aliud cœlo tribuimus. </s> <s>Eum verò ordinem, quem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5198"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe profeſſus eſt Arist. inter has <expan abbr="ſubstãtias">ſubstantias</expan>, & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> perſuaſit, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> philoſophantium <expan abbr="cõſenſus">conſenſus</expan> euincit: <lb></lb>ſiquidem <expan abbr="exploratiſsimuũ">exploratiſsimum</expan> huius rei signum ſit velocitas motus quæ robur in facultate mouente, & vim <lb></lb>naturæ maximá in mobili demonstrato AEgyptij <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Lunam terram <expan abbr="cęleſtẽ">cęleſtem</expan> vocabant, & talem eſſe <lb></lb>Lunæ proportionem ad cęteras ſtellas, qualem terræ ad elementa <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> profectò eſt. </s> <s>ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terra in <lb></lb>infima mundi ſede collocata eſt, ita & Luna <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan> <expan abbr="infimã">infimam</expan> regionem occupauit, vt terra opaca <lb></lb>eſt, & cętera autem elementa lucem admittunt, ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Luna opaca & obſcura eſt, neque lumen ha<lb></lb>bet proprium, niſi quo à <expan abbr="speciẽ">speciem</expan> carbonis referat, <foreign lang="grc">ἀνθρακῶδες</foreign> aiunt <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>. </s> <s>Prætereà ſicut terra variis quaſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5199"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>notis marium, ſtagnorum, paludum, fluminum, montium, <expan abbr="valliumq́ue">valliumque</expan> inter puncta eſt; ſic etiam <lb></lb>maculis quibuſdam Luna interſtincta conſpicitur: ſicut terra Solis aduentu, <expan abbr="receſſuq́">receſſuque</expan>. </s> <s>minuitur, & au<lb></lb>geſcit, ac tumens, aut reſidens in cauſſa eſt, vt plantæ contrahantur, & turgeant; ita quoque Solis acceſ<lb></lb>ſu, receſſuúe Luna recipit incrementorum <expan abbr="decrementorumq́">decrementorumque</expan>. </s> <s>varietates, & Lunam viciſsim terram vo<lb></lb>citabant, quòd ita ſe haberet ad Solem, ſicut terra ad ignim. </s> <s>Quapropter Orpheus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5193"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5194"></margin.target>b 12. p. </s> <s>p <lb></lb>T. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5195"></margin.target>c Procl. 3. <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="Timęũ">Timęum</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5196"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5197"></margin.target>d 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5198"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5199"></margin.target>a Procl. 5. <lb></lb>in Tim.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Μήσατο δ' ἄλλην γαῖαν ἀπειραστων, ην̔τε σελην́ην<lb></lb> Αθάνατοι κλήζουσιν, ἐπιχθόνιοι δέτε μην́ην</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quamobrem <foreign lang="grc">κοινὸν</foreign> illud quod terræ & Lunæ profitetur ineſſe Proclus hanc <expan abbr="analogiã">analogiam</expan> nob. </s> <s>ſignificat. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5200"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hîc ego noui ſimile hoc Ariſt. </s> <s>attributum eſſe ab Auerroë, & acceptum ab ipſo veluti ſcriptum fuiſſet <lb></lb>13. lib. de animalib. hoc eſt, 3. de Gen. animal. quòd libros 10. de hiſtoria numeraret antiquitas; hiſto<lb></lb>riæ verò ſubnecteret libros de Gen. Sed id <expan abbr="nunq̈">nunquam</expan> ego apud Ariſt. reperire potui, <expan abbr="vereorq́">vereorque</expan>., ne fuerit me<lb></lb>moriæ lapſus in ſapientiſsimo illo philoſopho. </s> <s>Sed de hoc hactenus. </s> <s>Illud fortaſſe maiore dignum ani<lb></lb>maduerſione, præſertim in Peripatetica doctrina. </s> <s>Nam ſi orbium motus aſtrorum gratia <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> obiri, <lb></lb>& homocentrica ponuntur, vt ab antiquis accepit Ariſtoteles; in quibus etiam plures orbes ſuperiores, <lb></lb>è <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ordine ſunt reuoluentes, variis vnius aſtri motibus inſeruire oportet, aut orbibus aſtra perfe<lb></lb>ctiora non ſunt, quod ſenſui <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> repugnat, aut gradus ille perfectionis qui ſumitur à materiæ di<lb></lb>ſtantia non ſatis aptè rei ipſius <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> deſignabit. </s> <s>accidit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & ſupra aſtrum eſſe orbem, qui aſtro <lb></lb>ignobilior eſt, tum quae ſubſtantia orbis imperfectior exiſtimatur, quia minus lucet, tum etiam quae ſeruiens <lb></lb>imperfectius eo ſolet eſſe, cui ſeruit: quamobrem cum orbis ſeruiat aſtro, negari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin aſtrum <lb></lb>ſit orbe perfectius. </s> <s>Prætereà mens à qua Luna mouetur habet <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> alios orbes ſupra ſe, neque ta<lb></lb>men extat controuerſia præſtantior'ne ſit orbis, an mens. </s> <s>Arbitror equidem treis eſſe ſubſtantiarum or<lb></lb>dineis in cęlo, mentium, ſtellarum, atque orbium, <expan abbr="collationemq́">collationemque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectionis quæ ſumitur à diſtantia, <lb></lb>ad ea ſolùm pertinere quæ ſunt ordinis eiuſdem: ſic mentem ſuperiorem inferiori nobilitate anteire, <lb></lb>& aſtrum aſtro, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> orbem orbi antecellere. </s> <s>Nam & Plato <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> inerrantia ſydera nonmodò loco, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5201"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verùm etiam dignitate errantibus indicat præſtare: ſiquidem illa in eiuſdem conuerſione, hæc verò in <lb></lb>circuitibus quos alterius periodos facit, collocauerit; <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> inerrantia ſola fruantur vita contemplatri<lb></lb>ce eiuſdem, reliqua verò ſuis circuitibus alterius: illud generatim conſtitutum, errantia cum in erran<lb></lb>tibus ferri, non contrà; quaſi per inerrantium motum <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> beatam conſequantur. </s> <s>Quanuis autem Sol <lb></lb>à Platone & Ariſtotele, vt in Meteorologia diſſeremus, proximè ſupra Lunam collocetur, qui <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> & <lb></lb>oculus cęli, & rex, & vniuerſi cuſtos perhibeatur, & <expan abbr="illiq́">illique</expan>. </s> <s>vires attributæ ſint ab Orpheo, hoc eſt, ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb>veterum <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> conſenſu, <foreign lang="grc">δημιουργικαὶ, ἄχραντοι, ἀναγωγοὶ τελεσιουργοὶ καὶ ἄλλαι πολλαὶ κα<lb></lb>θαρτικαί τε, καὶ κριτικαὶ</foreign>. </s> <s>Ideſt, fabricatrices, puræ, cuocatrices, perfectrices, & aliæ multæ cùm pur<lb></lb>gatrices, tum item iudicatrices, per quas ornat, atque diſponit vniuerſum perpetuò luſtrans; credimus <lb></lb>hunc locum non niſi probabiliter poſſe tractari; nam præſtantia vel in Sole ipſo ſpectatur, vel ad nos: <lb></lb>ſit ſanè ille omnium planetarum beneficientiſsimus generi humano, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> terreno: at eſt aliud <expan abbr="planeta-rũ">planeta<lb></lb>rum</expan> <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> quod in ſummi boni <expan abbr="contẽplatione">contemplatione</expan> poſitum eſt, quid <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vetat, quominus in hoc à cęteris ſu<lb></lb>blimioribus aſtris <expan abbr="lõgiſsimo">longiſsimo</expan> tractu <expan abbr="ſuperet̃">ſuperetur</expan>? </s> <s>ita in <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> fallacia ſuberit à <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> quid ad ſimpliciter.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5200"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5201"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Philoponi, <expan abbr="Latinorumq́">Latinorumque</expan>. </s> <s>obiectiones de materia cęli aduerſus Aristotelem è medio <lb></lb>tolluntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>IX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5202"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5202"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>OBIICIEBAT hæc Philoponus Ariſtoteli noſtro. </s> <s>Cęlum, & hypeccauma eodem motu moue<lb></lb>ri: conuertuntur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vtraque. </s> <s>Prætereà ſic: Quæ non contingit eodem motu moueri natura non <lb></lb>differunt. </s> <s>Non contingit autem cęlum eodem motu moueri. </s> <s>Sed hæc perperam aſſumpta eſſe conſtat. <lb></lb></s> <s>quandò ante hac oſtenſum ſit non eſſe generis eiuſdem <expan abbr="cõuerſionem">conuerſionem</expan> cęli & ignis. </s> <s>Et 1. de Cęlo motus <lb></lb>accipitur generatim; proinde <expan abbr="cõpetit">competit</expan> naturis ſpecie differentibus, veruntamen quę genere vel analogia <lb></lb>conueniant. </s> <s>Quamobrem & <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> & diuerſo motu <expan abbr="cõcitantur">concitantur</expan>; <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> in genere, in ſpecie verò diuerſo. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> erit ea propoſitio vera in eum ſenſum. </s> <s>Quæ natura differunt ſic, vt ſpecie diſtinguantur, genere <lb></lb>verò conueniant; ea planè eodem motu in genere, ſpecie autem diuerſo concitari. </s> <s>Ergo ab oppoſito. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quæ non eodem motu in genere, ſpecie <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diuerſo cientur; ea ſic natura non differunt, vt ſpecie di<lb></lb>ſtinguantur, ſint verò generis eiuſdem. </s> <s>Proinde cęlum quia non eodem motu in genere, ſpecie verò <lb></lb>diuerſo circunfertur; efficitur id ſic non differre natura à cęteris, vt ſit generis eiuſdem, ſed differt mul<lb></lb>tò magis, vt analogo. </s> <s>Quamobrem tantum abeſt, vt hæc <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> conuincat id quod cupiebat Ioannes, vt ſtet <lb></lb>potius à nobis. </s> <s>Etiam Latini. </s> <s>Primùm in fundamento naturæ quod eſt materia, nihil eſſe diſtinctum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ipſi profectò eo genere fallaciæ mihi decipi videntur quod eſt à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Nam </s></p> <pb pagenum="907"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5203"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm in materia cęleſti duo ſpectari poſsint, quorum ſanè conditio valde admodùm varia eſt; id quod <lb></lb>vnius priuilegio pertinet ad ipſam, omnibus modis ineſſe concludunt. </s> <s>Perſpicuum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in cœlo dupli<lb></lb>cem eſſe <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan>; alteram quæ eſt actu ſubſtantia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> qua eſt potentia quædam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem <lb></lb>vel ad actum ſecundùm qui exiſtit ex forma adſiſtente, vel ad ipſum vbi. </s> <s>Cùm igitur eſſentia materiæ <lb></lb>ſit poteſtatis affinis; cui <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> materia ſit qua continet poteſtatem? </s> <s>ſed cùm ſit <lb></lb>actu <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>; ea ſanè ratione <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> materia, ſed <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> ſimpliciter habenda eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> Latini id quod in <lb></lb>ipſa ineſt, quatenus poteſtate eſt, & materia, <expan abbr="volũt">volunt</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ineſſe, quatenus eſt <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> ſimpliciter, & <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <lb></lb>modis. </s> <s>Eſto igitur, vt quatenus poteſtate eſt & materia, nihil habeat ex ſeipſa diſtinctum; habet tamen <lb></lb>quia ſubſtantia per ſe eſt, & actu: & quatenus eſt materia, vel poteſtas, vt eſt eius poteſtas duplex; ſic <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ex duplici actu noteſcere <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> oportere dico; veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ob id neceſſe eſt, vt actus ille ſit <lb></lb>eius forma, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> euenit in noſtratem <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>: ſat quidem eſt, ſi fuerit actus; at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſariò <lb></lb>ſequitur, vt ſi eius generis actus, per quem res ipſa ſit in prędicamento ſubſtantiæ: etenim iam eſt per <lb></lb>ſe ipſam in genere ſubſtantiæ, & actus ex eo prædicamento: quare <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> per ſe ipſe diſtinguitur, & per ſe <lb></lb>diſtinguitur ab aliis actibus, niſi ſit ad ipſos, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> priuatio, vel poteſtas, vt ad mentes beatas, <lb></lb>quatenus ſunt motrices, & vt in <expan abbr="entiũ">entium</expan> ordine eſt caſus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ab earum ſumma perfectione & genera<lb></lb>tim, vt in eo formalis illa <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> reperitur: ad cęteros actus inferiores, & ad poteſtatem ſeu <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5204"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd ad illa <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> non eſt, ſeipſo diſtinguitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc ad obiectionem ſatis: verùm quod atti<lb></lb>net ad <expan abbr="explicandã">explicandam</expan> vniuerſam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> diſtinctionis in cœlo rurſus ea diuiſio repetenda eſt; quo ad nos, <lb></lb>& quo ad naturam: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> par eſt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> modi ratio: ſiquidem vt ſubſtantia nullam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> com<lb></lb>poſitionis præſeferat ad noſtrates ſubſtantias, multò minus ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſed ſi eam ſpectare libeat, vt <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>; quanuis ad <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſit multò ſimplicior; at quo ad nos ſubeſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> formalis; etenim quate<lb></lb>nus actu <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> notiſsima eſt, vt nil fortè illuſtrius appareat: attamen materia noſtràs longè notior, <lb></lb>vt ex hac in eius <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan> peruenire cogamur: etenim ſi quatenus per ſe mobile ſpectetur, & formæ <lb></lb>noſtrates, & functiones euidentiſsimæ ſunt, ſubſtantia ſeparata nob. </s> <s>ignotiſsima: ſi verò quatenus ha<lb></lb>bet <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ad vbi, hîc etiam noteſcit minus, quandò noteſcit per <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, qui ſit minoris gradus; quip<lb></lb>pe quae noſtràs per <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſubſtantiæ cognoſcatur; ea verò per actum ipſius vbi, multò verò magis id noſci<lb></lb>tur, quòd per actum ſubſtantię concipitur. </s> <s>Veruntamen hîc hæſitare poſsis eo poſito, quòd actus per ſe <lb></lb>ipſum noſcatur, & per <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> poteſtas, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> priuatio; res ita ſuccedet, vt actus ſine poteſtate, aut pri<lb></lb>uatione noſci valeat, non contrà: ſimplex <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ad poteſtatem & priuationem; poteſtas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, & priua<lb></lb>tio <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> formaliter; atqui <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ſine <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> componentium percipi nequit, <expan abbr="cõponentium">componentium</expan> ratio <lb></lb>prior eſt <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> compoſitorum. </s> <s>At oppono ego actum per ſe diſtingui: diſtinctio ex eorum genere eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5205"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ſunt ad aliquid; ea verò dignoſci non poſſunt, niſi & id certè <expan abbr="diſtincteq́">diſtincteque</expan>. </s> <s>noſcatur, ad quod refe<lb></lb>runtur: nihilo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> plus ille nouit, qui interrogans ſeruum quo iret, & cuius eſſet, reſponſum tulit. </s> <s>Huc <lb></lb>eo, heri ſum ſeruus, proinde etiam notio actus erit <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan>, non ſimplex, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> anteà conſti<lb></lb>tuimus. </s> <s>Sed docuit Ariſt. non neceſſe eſſe, vt in ſeiunctis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> diſtincta cognitio requiratur, ſed vbi <lb></lb>alterum in alterius eſſentia capiatur, diſtinctam <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan> prioris ſufficere: ſic verum iudex eſſe ſui, <lb></lb>& falſi, & <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> iudex ſui, & obliqui, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>monſtrauit contra Speuſippum <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui definitiones ex eo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5206"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tollebat; quae infinita noſſe oporteret à quibus .ſ. </s> <s>diſcreparet definitum, ſufficere, ſi differentias quæ conſti<lb></lb>tuerent, optimè teneremus: nam per eas ipſas fęliciſsimè ſuccedere, vt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> noſceremus à quibus res de<lb></lb>finita diſcreparet. </s> <s>Sed redeo ad argumenta. </s> <s>Fuit ſecundùm. </s> <s>Omne ſenſile eſſe compoſitum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & <lb></lb>cœlum. </s> <s>Vereor autem ne ſic verum ſit enunciare <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="compoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> eſſe ſenſile; non contrà, & id fortè <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>quolibet modo <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan> <foreign lang="grc">τῆς ὑπάρξεως</foreign> at reali, vt aiunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> planum eſt non <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> compoſitione formali eſſe ſenſile, vt negationes & priuationes. </s> <s>Et <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> in iis quæ ex ma<lb></lb>teria <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtant, nec materia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> forma per ſe moueant ſenſus, ſed ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> conſtans: at <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> <lb></lb>ego actu corpus eſſe per ſe ſenſile, ſiue ſit actu per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> perquam eſt hoc aliquid; ſiue etiam actu ex <lb></lb>ſeipſo: quare quid generalius eſt eſſe ſenſile, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ex materia & forma quę ſignificatur ora<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5207"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione explicante quid eſt, quòd ſatis ſit, ſi ſuſtineat accidentia per quæ ſentiatur, vt lumen & motum. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò eſt, quae dubitemus etiam reddere ſubiecto quod actu per ſe exiſtat, ſine auxilio formæ, acci<lb></lb>dentia quæ pellant ſenſus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat, ſiquando dixerit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> accidenti ſupponi <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> quæ de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5208"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia prædicatur, hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt actus, ſeu forma. </s> <s>Nam dicendum eſt, Ariſt. </s> <s>ibi loqui de accidente vni<lb></lb>uocè, quale eſt illud quod inſidet in <expan abbr="cõpoſitis">compoſitis</expan> ex materia & forma. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in materia non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> inhęrere <lb></lb>ſine forma, aut ſi accidens vniuersè accipitur quod analogicè dicitur de iis quæ inſunt in rebus caducis, <lb></lb>& in æternis, Ariſt. </s> <s>ibi accipere dicemus id quod prius eſt, more conſueto in iis inter quæ ordo <expan abbr="exiſtit̃">exiſtitur</expan>, <lb></lb>prius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quo ad nos. </s> <s>id verò eſt <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> quod ineſt in mortalibus; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ineſt per formam. </s> <s>ſed enim <lb></lb>intelligi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> alterum accidens quod ineſt in æternis, ſed analogicè hoc modo, quae ſicut ineſt hoc <lb></lb>accidens in actu ſubſtantia quæ ſic eſt per formam; hoc item inſit in actu ſubſtantia, non neceſſariò ve<lb></lb>rò per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. </s> <s>& id generatim de accidente decernatur, ipſum actui comitari, & ineſſe per <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſiue ille <lb></lb>actus exiſtat ex forma, ſiue ſit per ſe, <expan abbr="qualẽ">qualem</expan> nos in cęlo collocauimus. </s> <s>Hæc eadem ſolutio placuit Auer<lb></lb>roi: <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quare docuit in caducis <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſupponi accidentibus in cęlo ſatis eſſe <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſuum ipſius materiæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5209"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> per quem & exiſteret cœlum, & capax accidentium foret. </s> <s>Poſſumus item accipere <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> pro <lb></lb>eo quod ab indiuiduo ſecretum mente <expan abbr="cõcipitur">concipitur</expan>, vt acceptum <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan>, cùm dictum eſt qui dicit cœlum, <lb></lb>dicere formam. </s> <s>Cùm opponitur. </s> <s>Hoc cœlum ſignificare <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & cœlum ſimpliciter indicare <expan abbr="for-mã">for<lb></lb>mam</expan>, & alia quæ ſunt eiuſdem notæ, vtputa, cœlum indiſſolubiliter ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtare, & ex <pb pagenum="908"></pb>modo abſtractionis probatur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> illam neceſſariò fore in materia; & <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> alio modo vſurpatam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5210"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuiſſe puto, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ferat vſus <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, & probationem arbitror eſſe fallacem. </s> <s>Vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma in cœlo poſita <lb></lb>eſt, quae id præſeferat ingenium corporis cœleſtis, vt idem ſubiectum retineat vim poteſtatis, & actus, & <lb></lb>quidem actus, quatenus ſubſtantia, quantum, & quale; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem ſubeat rationem formæ; vnde <lb></lb>item à Themiſtio, teſte Auerroë, neque repugnante, corpora hæc formę appellantur (Græcè puto <foreign lang="grc">εἴδη,</foreign><lb></lb>quib. non formæ quæ <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> ſine materia non exiſtunt, exprimi ſolent, ſed res abſolutæ, cuiuſmodi <lb></lb>ſunt illę quæ ſunt actu) poteſtas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, & materia propter locum. </s> <s>Ita ergo in cœlo ſunt actus, & poteſtas <lb></lb>hærentia perpetuò: actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ille nomine ſpeciei <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>notatur; potentia verò nomine indiuidui. <lb></lb></s> <s>illud quidem, quia per nomen formæ primùm ſignificatur id quod ſub <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> cadit; huiuſmodi <lb></lb>verò eſt actus ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="cęteriq́">cęterique</expan>. </s> <s>actus analogicè, quibus accidit ope mentis à conditionibus indiuidui <lb></lb>ſeparari, & concipi <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> vniuerſalia quæ primùm in ſpecie ſubſiſtunt. </s> <s>Sic cœlum vniuersè acceptum <lb></lb>ſignificat actum eius corporis quod eſt vt forma: cùm verò talis ſit cœli natura; non efficitur inde, <lb></lb>formam in illo ineſſe quæ accedat materiæ, & <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> in formans ad poteſtatem ab actu traducat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ve<lb></lb>rò eſt quae cœlo forma tribuatur, quatenus eſt ex aſſociatione mentis: nam ſic cœlo forma non <expan abbr="negabit̃">negabitur</expan>: <lb></lb>verùm locus ille non amplius vſurpari poſſet ab Egidio ad <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> approbandum, quia coniunctio <lb></lb>talis formæ non ponit <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in eo <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> quæ poſsit eſſe ſubſtantia, & per ſe ordinata ſit ad <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> <lb></lb>actum, vnde aſſecuta ſit, quae exiſtat; intra ſe tamen vim repugnantiæ contineat. </s> <s>Aut etiam, quod rectius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5211"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>opinor, dicemus <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in cœlo ſignificare <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> illum de prędicamento ſubſtantiæ, qui <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt cum cœ<lb></lb>leſti ſubſtantia, quatenus ope mentis ſeuocatur ab indiuidui conditionibus, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> verò eſſe eundem <lb></lb><expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, qui reapſe continet indiuidui conditiones. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud generale eſt id quod abſtrahitur auctorita<lb></lb>te mentis à conditionibus indiuidui, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe quæ de materia prædicetur, aut inſit in ea promouens <lb></lb>ipſam ad actu <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, ſed ſat eſt, ſi fuerit actus ſolùm: itaque Deus cui generaliter <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> compoſitio <lb></lb>denegatur, & vt hic, & ſimpliciter concipi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſideratur Sol, & hic Sol: proinde & cœ<lb></lb>lum, & hoc cœlum. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> in iis quæ monadica dicuntur, cùm reipſa idem ſint, & eſſe ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& hoc eſſe, mens ipſa de ordine in <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> traducit ex ſingulari faciens vniuerſale; non quae adſit quędam <lb></lb>natura <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, vt in formis materiatis quæ <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> plures materiæ portiones informare queat, ſed <lb></lb>amouens tantummodò conditiones quibus adſtringitur ad id, vt hoc ſit, per <expan abbr="repetitionẽ">repetitionem</expan> eiuſdem effor<lb></lb>mat notionem quæ <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> eſt priuatiuè, quia .ſ. </s> <s>non vna tantùm ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan>, non autem poſitiuè, quia <lb></lb>participetur à pluribus. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> neque in formis quæ pluribus <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> ſolent; mens in primo illo <lb></lb>munere quo per <expan abbr="inductionẽ">inductionem</expan> fabricatur vniuerſale; rationem habet formæ, ſed adhuc <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> vnum con<lb></lb>cipit id quod de pluribus dicitur indiuiduis. </s> <s>Quapropter quae in productione vniuerſalis opera formæ <lb></lb>requiratur, non <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> eſt; verùm ſufficit, ſi interueniat actus, vel <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> in re materiata, vel in re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5212"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bus materia carentibus, hoc eſt, in quibus non eſt potentia ſubſtantia ſimplicis ipſius actus, vel corpo<lb></lb>ris, vel mentis. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> terminatam eſſe <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> formæ: in noſtratibus ita ſe habere <lb></lb>concedimus, in cœleſtibus aſſeuerabimus eam eſſe <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> actus ſubſtantiæ, & generatim dicemus <lb></lb><expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> terminatam conſequi <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan>, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille fuerit aut <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> accipiemus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> actum ſubſtantiæ corporeæ ſignificet. </s> <s>At verò <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ineſſe <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> accidentia in <lb></lb>cœlo, & iis quæ continentur in eo, ſi vniuocè illiuſmodi eſſe credas, mea quidem ſententia, decipieris; <lb></lb>ſi vt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> rectè opinaberis. </s> <s>Necnon ex accidentibus aliqua ſunt quæ intus informant <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quaſi <lb></lb>de illius potentia producta quorum eſſe eſt <expan abbr="fixũ">fixum</expan>, & permanens; alia ſunt quæ in cure hærent, & extrin<lb></lb>ſecùs accedunt ab externo pendentia, quod Græci dicunt <foreign lang="grc">ἐπικτήτως</foreign>, hæc conditiones ſuas obtinent <lb></lb>potius per principium à quo pendent, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> per ſubiectum; talia verò ſunt lumen, & aliqui motus ab alio, <lb></lb>& per accidens. </s> <s>Hæc eadem eſſe <expan abbr="vtrobiq.">vtrobique</expan> nil vetat. </s> <s>Sed prætereà accidentium quæ habent eſſe fixum <lb></lb>in ſubiecto, diuerſa eſt ratio, <expan abbr="facileq́">facileque</expan>. </s> <s>perſpicies <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ſubiectum non eſſe neceſſarium generis eiuſdem: <lb></lb>quocirca <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> inferri poſſe <expan abbr="cõmunem">communem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> cœli, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="inferiorũ">inferiorum</expan>, niſi ea <expan abbr="cõmunitate">communitate</expan> quæ eſt in iis <lb></lb>quæ ponimus ad vnum: & ita ineſt quantum, quale, & alia ſi qua ſunt, quæ <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> ineſſe videntur <lb></lb>in cœlo, & iis quæ intra <expan abbr="cõplexum">complexum</expan> cœli ſunt. </s> <s>Nec certè vniuoca eſſe poſſunt, & generis eiuſdem; cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5213"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illa in cœlo perpetuò maneant contrario carentia; noſtratia verò ſuccedente contrario per ſe, & inte<lb></lb>rempto ſubiecto per accidens immutentur. </s> <s>Diluitur item poſtrema <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quæ Ariſt. </s> <s>auctoritate <expan abbr="nitebat̃">nitebatur</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi demus in cœlo totidem eſſe principia, quot hîc ſunt, & ſecum pro portione congruentia; <lb></lb>non tamen illa prorſus in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ordine collocamus, neque parem gradum facimus <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> cœleſtium, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eorum quæ ſunt apud nos, ſed in eo, quòd ad vnum ſint, tantummodò conuenire fatemur. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>mouens ibi, aut <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eodem pacto cenſebimus ineſſe, ſi Ariſt. </s> <s>audire volumus. </s> <s>illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſine motu ope<lb></lb>rantur, & ad ſecundùm <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> conducunt: hæc non ſine motu <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> efficiunt, & rebus ipſis exhibent, <lb></lb>quòd ſimpliciter exiſtant. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in cœlo eſſe volumus, ſed natura diſcrepantem, vt ea quæ <lb></lb>ſeſe extulit in ſublime, huius imago ſit potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd <expan abbr="ſolidã">ſolidam</expan> <expan abbr="expreſſamq́">expreſſamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> materiæ contineat: <lb></lb>hæc eius ſubſtantiæ conditiones, ſed longo interuallo imitetur; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> illa ſit planè actu ſubſtantia; hęc <lb></lb>verò ſubſtantia <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan>, quia poteſtas. </s> <s>At verò poſtquàm hæc <expan abbr="cõmenti">commenti</expan> fuiſſemus, incidimus in <expan abbr="cõ-mentarios">con<lb></lb>mentarios</expan> doctiſsimi Theophili, quibus ipſe de materia cœli diſſerens pro Latinis hęc adſcripſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cœlũ">Cœlum</expan> <lb></lb>non eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimplicem actum. </s> <s>Ex actu igitur & materia compoſitum. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>inquit, materia ſimplex exiſtit per ſe; nunquam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtas ab actu deſeritur: actus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eius ſemper eſt <lb></lb>coniunctus cum poteſtate ad vbi, quæ cùm ſint differentiæ valde diſtantes, & è diuerſis categoriis; ar<lb></lb>guunt in cœlo compoſitionem. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi materia cœli eſt in actu; ergo compoſita. </s> <s>Proinde opina <pb pagenum="909"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5214"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur in cœlo eſſe aliquam formam ſui generis à qua cœli materia deducatur ad actum. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fruſtra fit <lb></lb>per plura quod per pauciora fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Si igitur actu ſubſtantia ſine forma exiſtit, cur fruſtra forma in<lb></lb>culcabitur? </s> <s>Quinetiam materia cœli, vel per ſe eſt in potentia, vel caret ipſa: ſi per ſe potentia fuerit: <lb></lb>ergo reſpicit oppoſita de prædicamento ſubſtantiæ quæ fruſtrari natura non vult. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cœlum corpus <lb></lb>erit caducum: ſi potentia vacat; ergo actu per ſe exiſtit: aliter inter <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> & actum medium repe<lb></lb>riri poſſet. </s> <s>Quare dabo illi quidem <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> cęli obtinere <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſui generis vt dixi, vel quæ afferat <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>ſecundùm, vel <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> de prędicamento ipſius vbi, ad quod eſt in potentia, & cuius eſt materia; illam de <lb></lb>negabo, quæ ad actu <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> promoueat, ſed aſſeuerabo <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe per ſe ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Ita igitur, quan<lb></lb>uis materia ſimplex non exiſtat; non idcirco eſt actu ſubſtantia per formam. </s> <s>Neque compoſitum ex <lb></lb>materia & forma, ſed per ſe actu ſubſtantia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item ea <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan>, quæ eſt ſubiecto, & actu acciden<lb></lb>tis, arguit <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> de qua nunc agimus, ſed <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> ex poteſtate, & actu de prædicamento ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> etiam <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod eſt in actu, eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, ſed quod in actu propriè; verùm cœli <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> <lb></lb>verè eſt actus in ordine corporum, atque ſubſtantiarum ſenſilium in actu impropriè, & per abuſum, <lb></lb>quippe quòd ad illud tranſlatus ſit hic modus, ab his quæ caduca ſunt, & ex poteſtate, & actu perſpi<lb></lb>cuè conſtant. </s> <s>Erit igitur cœlum actu ſubſtantia, & actus in ordine corporum.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5215"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5203"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5204"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5205"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5206"></margin.target>a 2. Poſt</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5207"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5208"></margin.target>b 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 8. <lb></lb><lb></lb>8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5209"></margin.target>c 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. c. 10.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5210"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5211"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5212"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5213"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5214"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5215"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Proponitur quęſtio de mundi perpetuitate, & locus quidam Ariſtotelis examinatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>X<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB ipſius cęli perpetuitate totius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mundi perpetuitas deriuatur: licet ea cœlum abſolutè frua<lb></lb>tur; quæ verò in eius amplexu continentur per ſucceſsionem continuam. </s> <s>Verùm quae inter Aca<lb></lb>demicos & Peripateticos de mundi totius <expan abbr="cęliq́">cęlique</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuitate magna lis exorta eſt, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>cognitio quo<lb></lb>quo modo ſpectat ad ea quæ de motus initiis inſtituimus explicanda; nos etiam mox id agere decre<lb></lb>uimus, & reliqua perſequi quæ ad eius <expan abbr="perpetuitatẽ">perpetuitatem</expan> firmandam Peripatetici ſolent afferre. </s> <s>Cùm verò <lb></lb>tres voces apud Græcos <expan abbr="permanſionẽ">permanſionem</expan> <expan abbr="perpetuã">perpetuam</expan> ſignificent <foreign lang="grc">αἰώνιον</foreign>, <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> rectè dixeris, <foreign lang="grc">ἀίδιον</foreign> quod <lb></lb>perpetuum, & <foreign lang="grc">ἀθανατον</foreign>, quod immortale, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud primum quod diuinæ menti aptum eſt de quo ſu<lb></lb>pra nonnulla; perpetuum verò quod iis quæ nec per ſe, nec per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> intereunt: immortale autem, <lb></lb>quod per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> non interit, ſed ſi fortè per accidens interire <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt, ad ſubiecti interitum: <lb></lb>quo circa materia melius perpetua, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> immortalis diceretur: quandò, tametſi per ſe <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> oritur, neque <lb></lb>interit; per accidens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> propter adiunctam priuationem <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> ſtatui ſubiicitur, non pertinet ad illam <lb></lb>interitus propter <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, ſed interit, quia quod in ipſa eſt, <expan abbr="cõmutatur">commutatur</expan>. </s> <s>Certè prima æterni <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> non con<lb></lb>uenit propoſito noſtro: nam motus quem in ſingulis mundi partibus obſeruamus, prohibet, quomi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5216"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus exiſtimemus <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> in ſe ipſo <expan abbr="conſummationẽ">conſummationem</expan> ſubſtantiæ totius habere, cuius permanſionis <expan abbr="æuũ">æuum</expan> <lb></lb>ipſum menſura exiſtit. </s> <s>tantum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abeſt, vt hoc quod eſt totum eſſe ſimul, ſine vlla ſuiipſius immutatio<lb></lb>ne mundo <expan abbr="tribuendũ">tribuendum</expan> ſit, vt ea ex quibus ſenſilis hic <expan abbr="mũdus">mundus</expan> de quo nunc agimus, exiſtit, vel caduca ſint, <lb></lb>vel quanuis perpetua <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> prędita ſint, perpetuo motu tamen agitentur: & tum optimè ſe <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> terram conuertuntur. </s> <s>Cùm etiam mundi quædam partes caducæ ſint, & mortales; cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſubſtantia quædam ſenſilis ſit; per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ſanè interire non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed ſi fortè corruptionem accipiat, per <lb></lb>ſe hoc inerit. </s> <s>idcirco <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nomen immortalis ipſius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> nobis optimè repręſentabit: ſupereſt igitur, <lb></lb>vt de mundo quęramus. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne mundus perpetuus ſit, an ab aliquo temporis principatu extiterit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Perpetui verò duæ ſunt conditiones; altera <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vt ſit ingenitum, hoc eſt, nunquam eſſe cęperit; alte<lb></lb>ra <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quòd nunquam ad exitum perducatur. </s> <s>Quoniam verò quæ incipiunt eſſe, aut etiam deſinunt, <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> illa ſunt quæ nomine <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργείας</foreign> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſignificantur, viſio, illuminatio, <expan abbr="intelligẽtia">intelligentia</expan>, quia ſimul <lb></lb>fiant, & ſint; nec ſit diuerſum inſtans quo fiebant, ab eo quo factæ ſunt; neque item aliud inſtans quo <lb></lb>corrumpebantur, & quo corruptæ fuerunt; vel citra vllam <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan>, vel ea præcedente incipiunt; <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aut ſine corruptione, aut per <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> deſinant, quæcunque .ſ. </s> <s>in diuerſis temporis punctis fiunt, & <lb></lb>ſunt, aut corrumpuntur, & non ſunt: aliud eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> punctum quo Socrates gignebatur ab eo quo genitus <lb></lb>eſt, & quo ægrotabat, & ex morbo poſteà contabuit, dum <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan>, aut caducum ſumimus hoc loco, acci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5217"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pimus propriè id quod ex generatione factum eſt, & interiit per corruptionem. </s> <s>Quorum ſanè gemi<lb></lb>nam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> afferre licet, efficientem <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram, <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & ſubiectum. </s> <s>Efficiens in corruptione <lb></lb>corrumpens eſt: verùm quia corruptio in alterius ortum inſtituta eſt, & quod per ſe corrumpit, mul<lb></lb>to prius genuit, de generante dicamus. </s> <s>hoc quidem neceſſariò, id eſt, in quo res ipſa latebat; antequàm <lb></lb>exierit ad lucem per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ in efficiente continetur; huic materia ſubſternitur, ex qua, tanquàm <lb></lb>patibili principio exiſtit id quod generatur, & in quam id reſoluitur quod interit per abſceſſum for<lb></lb>mæ, & habilitatis quæ ab efficiente, dum gigneret, incuſſa fuerat. </s> <s>Per huiuſmodi principium generatio <lb></lb>differt à creatione: nam generationi materia <expan abbr="ſupponit̃">ſupponitur</expan> quæ ab efficiente ſeparata ſubſiſtit, & cum ipſa <lb></lb>viciſsitudini <expan abbr="pugnæq́ue">pugnæque</expan> contrariorum aſsiduè ſubiacet (pulchrè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Platonici nobis id ſignificarunt, <lb></lb>cùm bellum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> patrem eſſe dicerent) ortus inter contraria obitur. </s> <s>Creatio <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiam requirit, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> contrarium, ſed ab efficiente proximè proficiſcitur qui intelligendo producit, & materiam ſimul <lb></lb>parat, & imprimit formam. </s> <s>Hunc producendi modum Peripatetici, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> è philoſophis naturalibus vl<lb></lb>lus approbarunt, placuerit'ne Platoni incertum eſt, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> multi ex eius ſectatoribus eam <expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> <lb></lb>quæ ab ipſo Deo præſtatur, <expan abbr="perpetuã">perpetuam</expan> eſſe voluerint. </s> <s>Nos hîc ad inquirendum proponimus, ſit'ne geni<lb></lb>tus mundus, an ſemper extiterit. </s> <s>de creatione diſputare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conſilium noſtrum eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fas eſt attin<lb></lb>gere, quòd philoſopho naturali <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> viam ſuppetere arbitremur qua creationem confirmare poſsit, <pb pagenum="910"></pb>nec decreta quæ ad leges, religionemúe pertineant, in dubium aliquo pacto reuocanda cenſeamus, ſed <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5218"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſacris legiſlatoribus aſſentientes qui cum veluti dei progenies ſint, à Deo genitore ſuo optimè hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>norunt, & ſucceſſoribus ſuis ſine <expan abbr="argumẽtis">argumentis</expan> rationibuſúe patefecerunt. </s> <s>hoc firmum <expan abbr="ratumq́">ratumque</expan>. </s> <s>volumus <lb></lb>creatum fuiſſe mundum. </s> <s>Peripateticè problema proponatur; genitus'ne potuerit eſſe mundus; nec <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="alienã">alienam</expan> meſſem manus inferamus, & cauſſas omnes adimamus quibus aut accuſandi ſimus, aut mul<lb></lb>ta ſupra <expan abbr="crepidã">crepidam</expan> notare cogamur. </s> <s>Tractatur autem ab Ariſt. </s> <s>cum 8. Phyſ. tum item 1. de cęlo. </s> <s>atque in <lb></lb><expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> libro duob. </s> <s>in locis in fronte & calce. </s> <s>primùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> dialecticè, vt opinor, deinde verò machinis <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> pugnatum eſt. </s> <s>Videtur autem Ariſt. </s> <s>totis viribus in hoc negotium incubuiſſe, cum propter rei <lb></lb>magnitudinem, quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maius in natura <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mundus? </s> <s>tum etiam propter obſcuritatem quæ à diuerſis fa<lb></lb>ctionibus <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad ea tempora in <expan abbr="immensũ">immensum</expan> aucta fuerat: omnes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> qui de natura ſcripſe<lb></lb>rant, mundi <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> propoſuerant, & de ea Plato fuerat apertiſsimè locutus. </s> <s>Omnes igitur vias at<lb></lb>tentauit Ariſt. </s> <s>quibus animi ſui <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> aperiret, & perſuaderet, ac potiſsimè contrà Platonem qui <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> <lb></lb>ipſum autumare videretur, poſthàc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perpetuò permanſurum. </s> <s>Verùm quemadmodum gemina via <lb></lb>inſiſtit Ariſt. </s> <s>dialectica nimirùm, & phyſica; ſic & nos <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> ſeorſum experiemur exordientes à dia<lb></lb>lectica, ſumpto <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> ab Ariſtotele, qui dialecticè primum in hoc theoremate conflixit: talem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> illam, quam in fronte primi de cęlo tenuit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aſſentietur <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> verba ipſius aduer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5219"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terit diligentius: cuncta <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuſpicionem, & <expan abbr="infirmã">infirmam</expan> quandam <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> ſignificant, & id <expan abbr="repręſentãt">repręſentant</expan> quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5220"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliter euenire poſsit, vtputa <foreign lang="grc">εὔλογον</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>rationi conſentaneum, <foreign lang="grc">ἱπολαβεῖν</foreign>, hoc eſt, ſuſpicari, & paullò <lb></lb>pòſt <foreign lang="grc">ὀρθῶς ἔαικενή φύσις τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι ἀγὲννητον καὶ ἄφθαρτον ἐξελέσθαι τῶν ἐναντίων</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rectè .ſ. </s> <s>videtur natura id quod futurum erat ingenitum, & corruptionis expers, à contrariis exemiſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>etenim declarauit ipſe Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſemel inter <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἑσόμενον, & τὸ μέλλον</foreign>. </s> <s>eiuſmodi diſcrimen inter<lb></lb>cedere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illud ad neceſſaria; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad contingentia refertur. </s> <s>licèt veræ & neceſſariæ propoſitio<lb></lb>nes, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> huius noſtræ methodi <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> patitur, aſſumptæ fuerint, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in his ipſis agnoſcas, quan<lb></lb>quam vera <expan abbr="neceſſariaq́">neceſſariaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt illa quæ aſſumuntur, ni tamen fuerint facta perſpicua, <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> pare<lb></lb>re non poſſe. </s> <s>Cęterùm quia ratio illa quam adhibuit Ariſt. </s> <s>artificij plena mihi ſemper eſt viſa, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>video <expan abbr="pleroſq.">pleroſque</expan> conniuere: nolo id <expan abbr="cõmittere">committere</expan>, quin & ipſa tibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſignificem quid animum meum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> tentarit. </s> <s>ea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> talis eſt: nam referam ſummam. </s> <s>Quod contrario vacat, non generatur, <lb></lb>quod non generatur, nec augeſcit item. </s> <s>Quod verò eſt huiuſmodi nec etiam alteratur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cœlum <lb></lb>cùm contrario vacet, non gignetur, neque creſcet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item alterabitur. </s> <s>quòd ſi rationem magis arcta<lb></lb>re libeat; ita cogere <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> potes. </s> <s>Caret contrario, non generatur igitur: quare neque etiam alteratur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam verò duplex eſt alteratio noxia quidem vna, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera perficiens: planum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> perficien<lb></lb>tem in ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> non comprehendi; cùm <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> ab hoc genere mutationis exemptum non ſit. </s> <s>Verùm quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5221"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alteratio noxia duplex <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab Alexandro poſita fuit, altera quidem quæ <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> affligeret, ita vt ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſubſtantiæ perueniret; altera autem quę non <expan abbr="illucuſq.">illucuſque</expan> proueheretur; arbitratus eſt item Alexan<lb></lb>der <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex hoc genere alterationis <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan> eſſe exceptum, ſed ex eo ſolo quae ſubſtantia terminatur. </s> <s>Mihi ta<lb></lb>men <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> videtur eſſe <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> vitiuſque alterationis, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> idem eſt frigus quod ex aëre <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> facit, & quod <lb></lb>ex aqua <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> facere aggreditur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præſtat, niſi ſecundùm <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan>, & <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan>, vel quia pro<lb></lb>hibeatur à contrario, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quia ſubiectum illius formæ non ſit capax: ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> libenter aſſeuera<lb></lb>rim & hoc <expan abbr="poſtremũ">poſtremum</expan> genus alterationis à cęleſti corpore eſſe ſegregandum. </s> <s>quòd ſi transferre <expan abbr="videat̃">videatur</expan> <lb></lb>ad nos aliquas <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> qualitates, vt <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> & ſiccitatem; eas inquam ego in cęlo, & eius inſtrumentis vt in <lb></lb>cauſſa ambigua latitare; quarum ſanè <expan abbr="alterationũ">alterationum</expan> corpus illud ſine vllo detrimento capax eſt: nec cer<lb></lb>tè ſecus àc frigus, quod à torpedine per rete ad piſcatoris manum transfunditur: nam rete ipſum non <lb></lb>ſtupefacit, ſed affert ſecum ſtupefaciendi <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan>, quam poſteà in <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> piſcatoris exerit: cauſſa eſt, <lb></lb>quia non tantum requiritur efficiendi <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, ſed patiendi facultas ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> imprimendam optimè <lb></lb>affecta. </s> <s>Nec certè <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> diſcerno, quòd hanc <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> ex Ariſt. </s> <s>decretis labefactare poſsit. </s> <s>Verùm fac <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>rationem ad <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> genus alterationis noxiæ non pertinere; mirum <expan abbr="cuipiã">cuipiam</expan> videri queat Ariſtotelem <lb></lb>in ea ſtatuiſſe antecedens; id quod non generatur: quandò in rerum natura <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> philoſophi aucto<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5222"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>res ſunt <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> generationi præire. </s> <s>& id <expan abbr="perſpicuũ">perſpicuum</expan> ſit, niſi res alteretur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam generati poſſe, <lb></lb>non contrà, niſi gignatur: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non alterari: cùm etiam ſalua ſubſtantia mutatio fieri poſsit ſe<lb></lb>cundùm qualitatem. </s> <s>Huc accedit quòd vitium in <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſubeſt, vel quòd ſit <foreign lang="grc">διάλληλος & δεῖξις</foreign> & idem <lb></lb>ex <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> concludat, vel quòd petat id tanquam manifeſtum quod probare conſtituit. </s> <s>etenim pone cœ<lb></lb>lum non generari, vt antecedens, & immineat eius approbandi neceſsitas; aſſumitur id, cęlum carere <lb></lb>contrariis. </s> <s>At contraria ſunt qualitates; inter illa igitur alteratio: idem ergo erit ſi dixerimus cœlum <lb></lb>carere contrariis, & non alterari; ſic circulus conficietur; non alteratur, nec generatur igitur. </s> <s>rurſus <lb></lb>non generatur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ergo alteratur. </s> <s>ſic non alteratur, quia non alteratur, aut <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> idem propemodum <lb></lb>valent & contrario vacare, & non mutari ſecundùm <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> quod eſt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> alterari: aſſumetur id quod <lb></lb>poſteà concluſum fuit. </s> <s>Cùm Ariſt. </s> <s>hiſce verbis vtatur omnes has probationes eſſe <foreign lang="grc">τῆς αὐτῆς διανόιας</foreign> .i. <lb></lb></s> <s>eiuſdem cogitationis. </s> <s>ex his ego <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> ſenſum elici poſſe puto, vel quae per eandem <expan abbr="cogitationẽ">cogitationem</expan> ſigni<lb></lb>ficet <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan> ratiocinandi, ſiue <expan abbr="dialecticũ">dialecticum</expan>, ſeu phyſicum, & <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> methodo <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> effici poſſe doceat, & <lb></lb>quae gigni non poſsit, & quae <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alterari, vel aliquid ſublimius ab Ariſt. </s> <s>expectandum eſt quod cum rerum <lb></lb>natura congruat, & accurata eius rei explicatione dignum ſit. </s> <s>Opinor autem Ariſtotelem, quanuis dia<lb></lb>lecticè ratiocinetur quod à <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> hominum ſenſu <expan abbr="receptũ">receptum</expan> eſt, aſſumens: illud etiam pronunciaſſe, <lb></lb>quod vim principij teneat in rerum natura, & eius ordini hoc loco conſuluiſſe; hic verò eſt, vt ſubſtan <pb pagenum="911"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5223"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia præcedat accidenti, & idcirco ortus alterationi dupliciter, vel quoniam generatio ſit finis alteratio<lb></lb>nis; cùm verò finis non eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam quę inſtituuntur in <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, eſſe oportet. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi cęli generatio non <lb></lb>eſt; cur <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> eſſe opus fuerit? </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat id alterationem poſſe citra <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> ſubſtantiæ con<lb></lb>ſiſtere; vbi .ſ. </s> <s>ad interitum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> non prouehatur: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iam per accidens euenire docuimus; vel etiam <lb></lb>quia ſubſtantia præcedit origine <expan abbr="accidẽti">accidenti</expan>, nec accidens ineſt in materia, niſi ſubſtantia ſupponatur. </s> <s>ideo <lb></lb>niſi ſubſtantia mutetur, & accidentia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> permanent. </s> <s>quòd ſi obiicias accidens ma<lb></lb>nente ſubſtantia permutari. </s> <s>Si etiam dicas, cùm ſint <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> cogitationis alteratio & ortus; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> minus <lb></lb>ex mutatione qualitatis argui poſſe ſubſtantiæ mutationem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex mutatione ſubſtantię colligi mutatio<lb></lb>nem qualitatis. </s> <s>Ad hæc ego reſpondeo, quia natura tendit ad perfectum, in methodo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quę <expan abbr="natu-rã">natu<lb></lb>ram</expan> imitatur, ſpectari perfectum: at accidens perfectum id eſt quod ineſt ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <expan abbr="propriamq́">propriamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> requirit in ſubiecto quam ſequatur. </s> <s>quod ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> non ſequitur, ineſt præter <expan abbr="natu-rã">natu<lb></lb>ram</expan>, & imperfectum eſt, & <foreign lang="grc">πάθος</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>affectio potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> qualitas appellari debet: quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eiuſdem iudi<lb></lb>cij ſint alterari & corrumpi, vt niſi afficiatur non etiam corrumpatur: at credimus Ariſt. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr="argumen-tatũ">argumen<lb></lb>tatum</expan> fuiſſe, vt indicaret naturæ <expan abbr="proceſsũ">proceſsum</expan> & ſenſim ſuppeditaret <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> ex cauſſa: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab altera<lb></lb>tione ad <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> proficiſci erat argumentari à ſigno. </s> <s>Pertinet etiam idem progreſſus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>iudi<lb></lb>cium ad quantum: quandò etiam incrementum ſine generationi pręſtari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>de latione aliud iu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5224"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicium faciendum eſt, cùm ipſa etiam obeatur permanente ſubſtantia; nec ſit inſtrumentum vllius in<lb></lb>teritus. </s> <s>Id autem quod de ratione Ariſtotelica obiectum eſt, facilè expediri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: nam quod dicitur, in <lb></lb>antecedente accipi cęlum vacare contrariis, quod idem valet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterari non poſſe, dicimus contraria <lb></lb>non in qualitate aſſumi, ſed in ſubſtantia quę poſteà contraria in qualitate conſequuntur: ſic ex cauſſa <lb></lb>deducit <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, vti <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="cõgruũt">congruunt</expan> cum iis ipſis principiis quę à nob. </s> <s>anteà <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> sunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5216"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5217"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5218"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5219"></margin.target>a T. 20.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5220"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5221"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5222"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5223"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5224"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Variæ philoſophorum ſententiæ de mundi perpetuitate recitantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HOC peracto curriculo confero me nunc ad alterum conflictum quo in calce 1. de cœlo cum <lb></lb>Platone ad extremum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> certatum eſt, & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> tentata quæ aliquid poſſent in methodo naturali: <lb></lb>eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> philoſophi auctoritas mirum in <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> vrgebat, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, opinor, quae Theologorum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> fo<lb></lb>ret quam <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> ſine vlla cunctatione arripiunt. </s> <s>Sed non facilè erit percipere vim, & robur argumen<lb></lb>torum Ariſtotelis, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> inuectus eſt in Platonem, niſi & antè compertum ſit quod Plato ipſe decreuit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Id autem breui quadam enumeratione facta <expan abbr="ſententiarũ">ſententiarum</expan> quæ de hac ipſa re circunferuntur, optimè pa<lb></lb>tebit. </s> <s>Inter eos igitur qui Ariſt. </s> <s>præceſſerunt, conueniebat genitum eſſe mundum Theologos, Poëtas, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5225"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Aſtronomos ac Phyſicos; hoc eſt, aliquod <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> extitiſſe quo mundus non eſſet, poſteà <expan abbr="cõditus">conditus</expan> fuiſſet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non obſtat autem, quae Ariſtoteles id de Timęo <expan abbr="ſcriptũ">ſcriptum</expan> reliquerit, ipſum exiſtimaſſe mundum non fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan>, ſed planè interiturum; nam credo in hoc Auerroi dicenti <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> philoſophum extitiſſe qui ta<lb></lb>lem <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> profeſſus ſit, & quantum verò eſt de auctoritate Ariſtotelis, Alexander in eius loci explica<lb></lb>tione quæ recitatur à Philopono, teſtatur eiuſmodi <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> viro illi fuiſſe <expan abbr="adſcriptã">adſcriptam</expan>, quòd eiuſdem notæ <lb></lb>eſſet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera illa quam ſine dubio defendebat, mundum .ſ. </s> <s>conditum fuiſſe, ſed perpetuò <expan abbr="mãſurum">manſurum</expan>; <lb></lb>quaſi inter illas conueniret, quòd mundus ex altera tantùm <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> parte foret perpetuus. </s> <s>diſcrepant <lb></lb>verò de ipſius interitu: ex iis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nonnulli putarunt, poſtquam genitus eſſet, ipſum aſsiduè ſine vllo de<lb></lb>trimento permanſurum: alij contrà <expan abbr="corruptũ">corruptum</expan> iri mundum, quos item in duo ſtudia ſciſſos eſſe compe<lb></lb>rio: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> opinantur <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ipſum oriri, & interire <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſecus àc <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> ſingulare in ſpecie mortalium: <lb></lb>alij <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aſſeuerant interire <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan>, ſed veluti <expan abbr="phœnicẽ">phœnicem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> nouari <expan abbr="eundẽ">eundem</expan> in infinitum. </s> <s>Primùm <lb></lb>igitur genitum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> mundum, ſed non poſſe <expan abbr="corrũpi">corrumpi</expan> aſſerebant Pythagoręi, Timęus; Anaxagoras <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>in his recenſeri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Tribuit id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Platoni Philoſophus. </s> <s>Verùm de hac re mox. </s> <s>Quòd verò interitu<lb></lb>rus ſit; vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> reliqua intereunt apud nos; profitebatur. </s> <s>Democritus quae renouetur, poſtquam interiit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Empedocles, & Heraclitus; ille quidem canens ipſum ab amicitia confuſum iri in ſphęrum, ac poſt à <lb></lb>lite in elementa diſſoluendum. </s> <s>Heraclitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex conflagratione interituum putauit, ſed iterum exor<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5226"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>turum. </s> <s>Aſtrologi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> teſtati ſunt mundum aut æſtate <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> magna per <expan abbr="incendiũ">incendium</expan>, aut magna <expan abbr="qua-dã">qua<lb></lb>dam</expan> hyeme per diluuium interiturum, ac poſteà renaturum: falſam verò <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> eſſe illorum phyſicorum <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> qui plures poſuere mundos ſiue ſimul, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſibi ſigillatim ſuccedentes accipiamus. </s> <s>Quam <lb></lb>ob rem reliquum eſt vt vnus ſit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille quidem conditus, ſed perpetuò manſurus, vt voluit Plato, vel <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> genitus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mortalis, vt cenſuit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Vel quòd olim genitus ab æterna tamen voluntate, <lb></lb>ſed ex nihilo, quod ſanè <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad Ariſt. </s> <s>tempora nullus excogitauerat; verùm longo poſt tempore venit <lb></lb>in mentem Philopono inter Græcos doctores, & inter Arabas Algazeli, qui quòd rem <expan abbr="verã">veram</expan>, & Chri<lb></lb>ſtianam elocuti palàm ſint; <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> iure optimo celebrandi, tam fortaſſe digni <expan abbr="cõmiſeratione">commiſeratione</expan>, quòd ex initiis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="fundamentiſq́">fundamentiſque</expan>. </s> <s>philoſophiæ naturalis quæ ſenſu innititur, mundum ex nihilo <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſſe profeſsi ſunt: <lb></lb>quamobrem neſcio mehercule vtrum'ne ſucceſſerit illis propugnare <expan abbr="pietatẽ">pietatem</expan> quæ certè non eget huiu<lb></lb>ſcemodi machinis, an potius corrumpere <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> naturalem; tametſi Algazel, & Auerroës acta ege<lb></lb>runt, vt ſupra dictum eſt. </s> <s>A Philopono teſtis Plato citabatur. </s> <s>Ex quo factum eſt, vt de germana Plato<lb></lb>nis <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> magnæ lites extiterint inter Gręcos auctoreis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cumq́">Cumque</expan>. </s> <s>pars maxima rationum quas Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan> intendit de mundi perpetuitate <expan abbr="diſſerẽs">diſſerens</expan>, aduerſus eam <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> valeant; operęprecium me <lb></lb>facturum confido, ſi de illius propria ſententia cum primis inquiratur; eiuſmodi'ne fuerit, qualem ipſi <lb></lb>tribuit Ariſtoteles, & experiri, vtrum'ne Ariſt. </s> <s>à calumnia liberare poſsimus qua malorum morum in <pb pagenum="912"></pb>ſimulatus fuit, quòd falsò in <expan abbr="præceptorẽ">præceptorem</expan> ſuum inuectus eſſet. </s> <s>Vnde dicebat aliquando pro <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> Pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5227"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>clus & Simplicius aliud nimirùm ſonare verba Platonis, àc fuerit eius philoſophi ſenſus; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> ipſe appellaret, verè pendens eſſet à cauſſa, quod ſanè perpetuò non repugnat, quia tamen poſ<lb></lb>ſet quiſpiam corticem verborum inſpiciens facillimè labi; Ariſt. </s> <s>propria verborum vim exagitaſſe, <lb></lb>ſymbolum verò non attigiſſe. </s> <s>Et alij complures ſtudioſi Platonis cùm inficiari non poſſent, quin ver<lb></lb>ba Timęi præſeferrent illam <expan abbr="ſñiam">ſententiam</expan> quam ſuis argumentis vexauit Ariſtoteles, vt <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> repugnantiam <lb></lb>è Platonis placitis propulſarent (nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> turpius incerta doctrina) ad libitum Timęi locum interpretari <lb></lb>ſunt: hoc igitur in primis ſtabilire non erit inutile; multi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> pulueris, & accurationis apud <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſententia <expan abbr="communẽ">communem</expan> hominum ſenſum irrepſerat, cùm legibus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> magis congruebat; quippe quae <lb></lb>infinitum vix capiat mens; quamobrem facilè in <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan> ſuę productionis initia ponit. </s> <s>Illa prętereà <lb></lb>quæ de Deo concepit, augent ſuſpicionem: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſæ præſtantiam, & quod Græci <foreign lang="grc">τὸ χύριον</foreign> vocant, <lb></lb>apud nos ſignificat magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aliquid efficere poſſe, & vt illi dicunt, <foreign lang="grc">δημιουργεῖν</foreign>: nam de ſe <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> conie<lb></lb>cturam facit; <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>multùm ſibi tribui cernat; ſiquando rei cuiuſpiam auctor habeatur; nullum <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> <lb></lb>præſtantiorem efficiendi <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> eſſe putat. </s> <s>Sed aliam longè auguſtiorem efficiendi rationem Peripate<lb></lb>tici ſe inueniſſe putant: ob id igitur magno apparatu opus fuit ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> in animis hominum <expan abbr="infigẽdam">infigendam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò à nobis dictum eſt mundi exordium variis modis à philoſophis fuiſſe conſtitutum propter <lb></lb>eorum <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan>; nequid in eius theorematis explicatione deſideraretur, illorum opiniones breuiter <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5228"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>attingit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> confutat. </s> <s>Verùm quòd earum confutatio facilis; nec quicquam proponitur ab illis quod <lb></lb>paullò maiore opera confici non poſsit, ad Platonem ipſum <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> cominus accedamus. </s> <s>Nam quòd verè, <lb></lb><expan abbr="proprieq́">proprieque</expan>. </s> <s>genitum <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> ipſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerit arbitratus, hi quidem perſuadere <expan abbr="conant̃">conantur</expan> multis argumentis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm ex ordine quem inter mundi parteis <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan> Plato qui cœlum inter beatas menteis, & <expan abbr="elemẽ-ta">elemen<lb></lb>ta</expan> <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> collocarit; quaſi ſit <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> extremo conſimile, perpetuitatis ſanè beneficio mentibus beatiſ<lb></lb>ſimis, per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> verò elementis. </s> <s>Tum quia ſi cœlum <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> fuiſſet, cùm anteà poteſtate extitiſſet; cauſ<lb></lb>ſa igitur aliquid faceret quod anteà non faciebat: quamobrem inuida & mutabilis eſſet, cùm tamen <lb></lb>via motus indicetur opus eſſe <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> prima cauſſa quæ prorſus immutabilis ſit cum per ſe, tum etiam <lb></lb>per accidens. </s> <s>Adde quòd Plato ab aliqua tantùm mutatione <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan> excepit: corpus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à quánam igitur? <lb></lb></s> <s>ab interitu nimirùm, & iis quæ ſunt veluti viæ quædam ad interitum. </s> <s>Prætereà teſtatur Plato tempus <lb></lb>cum cœlo productum; at quo pacto tempus cum cœlo generatum, niſi cœlum ſtatuatur perpetuum? <lb></lb></s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> potuit <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> fieri tempus; quinimmo ſi vera ſunt ea quæ ſunt anteà <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan>, & id quod <lb></lb>in tempore eſt, à tempore continetur, & ſuperatur; ſi cœlum in tempore factum eſt, tempus cœlo præ<lb></lb>cedere oportuiſſet. </s> <s>Tum prætereà clamat Plato cœlum, <expan abbr="elementorumq́">elementorumque</expan>. </s> <s>vniuerſitates propter <expan abbr="diſtan-tiã">diſtan<lb></lb>tiam</expan> corpoream eſſe non <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> perpetua; verùm à Dei bonitate perpetuitatem fuiſſe adepta, ſed cùm Dei <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5229"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bonitas ſit inuariabilis; etiam veriſimile eſt per illam mundum perpetuò extitiſſe. </s> <s>Quoniam verò & <lb></lb>ad Ariſt. </s> <s>multa Proclus afferebat quę ex ipſiuſmet Platonis verbis erui poſſent; libuit etiam hęc in me<lb></lb>dio ponere, vt experiamur ſiquid nobis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ad hæc pro Ariſt. </s> <s>ſuccurrat, in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pietati gratificari ſpe<lb></lb>rantes, ſi <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan>, quoquo modo conſentientem iudicemus. </s> <s>Quæritur, inquit ipſe, Vtrùm perpetuum <lb></lb>vniuerſum eſt, an <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> ortus eius <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> extiterit, reſpondetur ipſum genitum fuiſſe, quae ſimulachrum <lb></lb>ſit primi opificis; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllum aliud eius principium aſsignatur præter <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, & id à quo & genitum eſt, <lb></lb>& generatur aſsiduè: atqui id quod in tempore fit, <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> principiorum genus requirit. </s> <s>non igitur à <expan abbr="quo-dã">quo<lb></lb>dam</expan> temporis principatu conditum eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam autem mundo ordinis expers, & errans anteceſsiſſe <lb></lb>poſuit Plato; quamobrem ſuſpicari <expan abbr="quiſpiã">quiſpiam</expan> poſſet ante <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> aliquid extitiſſe: ſic diſputat Proclus: <lb></lb>nam Plato genitum interpretatur tactile, & viſile; tum interrogat aduerſarium. </s> <s>Vtrum'ne <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> ſenſile <lb></lb>à <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ortum duxerit, nec'ne. </s> <s>Si omne dixerit; ergo & id quod errans eſt, & ordine vacans: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>& illud cerni poſſe dicit. </s> <s>Si neget, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mundus igitur, inquam ego, neceſſariò genitus eſt. </s> <s>Dicet ipſe <lb></lb>fortaſſe id quod nunc videtur, genitum à Platone aſſeueratum, nunc verò ordine carens, & errans non <lb></lb>cadere in aſpectum. </s> <s>Probe ſanè: ſed quo pacto id congruit cum verbis Platonis; quandò ſimpliciter <lb></lb>& ſine vlla temporis conditione pronunciat id eſſe genitum quod ſenſui ſubiicitur? </s> <s>Rurſus ante cęli <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5230"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="fabricã">fabricam</expan>, & reliqua, tria hæc ſola docet eſſe id quod eſt, locum, & <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> quæ in idearum veſtigiis <lb></lb>ſubſiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi prius tempus anteceſsiſſe ſignificat; illud etiam vagans, & ordinis expers genitum ſit <lb></lb>oportet. </s> <s>Tum ſi mundus, & errans illud, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inordinatum genita ſunt; <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> autem generatio fit inter <lb></lb>contraria, & ex mundo <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> inordinatum ſit neceſſe eſt: at ſi bonus fuerit conditor, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> aut non rectè <lb></lb>ipſum conſtruxit, aut ſi rectè conſtruxit, cur diſſoluit? </s> <s>ſi minus bonus; cur bonum quod eſt mundus, <lb></lb>potuit ipſe moliri? </s> <s>Rurſus illo inſiſtunt, quòd tempus cum cęlo factum eſſe dicitur. </s> <s>Si igitur tempus <lb></lb>æternum; ergo & cęlum, ſi cęlum in tempore conditum eſt, & <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> igitur; quo nil abſurdius excogi<lb></lb>tari poteſt. </s> <s>Et ad hoc illi dicunt, tempus eſſe duplex, vel ordinatum & æquabile, vel inordinatum, & <lb></lb>inęquabile, quemadmodum motus. </s> <s>vbi igitur de cœlo dicatur cum tempore fuiſſe productum, <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <lb></lb>ordinatum accipitur, & quod procedit ad numerum, cui alterum illud præceſsiſſe non inconuenit. </s> <s>hoc <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſi adſit, <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> eſſe nihil vetat, ſed videant ſit'ne æquabile, & inęquabile propria <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> affectio, <lb></lb>veluti motus, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hunc inæquabilem eſſe contingit; <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vnum <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> eſt, & æquabile perpetuò. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si vnum igitur tempus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuum: ergo & cœlum. </s> <s>Multa etiam alia ſigna concurrunt qui<lb></lb>bus eius philoſophi mens perſpicua reddatur: nanque <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> vniuerſi, vt primùm genita eſt, corpori <lb></lb>Deus inſeuit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> vitam ipſi aſsignauit quæ corporeo præiret, ſed ipſam è veſtigio cum corpore co<lb></lb>pulauit, atqui anima apud ipſum extitit ſemper, ergo & corpus. </s> <s>Inſuper idem Plato <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <expan abbr="ingenitã">ingenitam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5231"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="913"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5232"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aſſeruit quam genitam Timęo poſteà prædicauit. </s> <s>Mitto etiam, quòd ea vox genitum nonmodò ad res <lb></lb>materia conſtantes accommodari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; verùm etiam Plato ipſam accommodauit ad lumen, quia naſci<lb></lb>tur à luce. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quòd mundum corruptionis expertem eſſe teſtatur: at quod huiuſmodi eſt, <lb></lb>ingenitum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſſe vult. </s> <s>ſed ipſe Politia <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> autumauerat, quod genitum eſt, olim iri <expan abbr="corruptũ">corruptum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>non corrumpitur mundus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non generatur. </s> <s>Cęterùm & ipſe palàm profeſſus eſt tempus <expan abbr="præteri-tũ">præteri<lb></lb>tum</expan> fuiſſe infinitum, & in hac infinitate <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> hominum vim <expan abbr="impiamq́">impiamque</expan>. </s> <s>non ſemel, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> bis, ſed quàm <lb></lb>frequentiſsimè extitiſſe. </s> <s>Timęo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pronunciatum eſt. </s> <s>Vbi hyems, aut æſtas non fuerit immode<lb></lb>rata; genus hominum plus minuſúe ſemper eſſe. </s> <s>quòd ſi ſemper: ergo perpetuò ſunt homines, & mun<lb></lb>dus item perpetuus. </s> <s>Addidit etiam Proclus alia multa quæ quoniam ex Ariſtotelis officina <expan abbr="deprõpta">deprompta</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>; ridiculè fecero, ſi iis armis ego velim tueri <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan> quibus ipſe ab Ariſt. </s> <s>appetitus fuerit. </s> <s>Sed venio <lb></lb>ad Philoponum. </s> <s>Contra hos acerrimè Philoponus inuectus eſt, & in id <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ingenij neruos <expan abbr="intẽdit">intendit</expan>, vt <lb></lb>oſtenderet genitum à Platone propriè fuiſſe acceptum, & Ariſt. </s> <s>à præceptore de induſtria diſſentire; <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verbis tantummodò præſtantiſsimos philoſophos, ſed <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diſcrepaſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò vt Pla<lb></lb>tonis diſciplinam conuelleret, quod <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> eius inſectatores iniqui dixere, ſed in hoc <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> cum ipſo <expan abbr="con-ſentiẽs">con<lb></lb>ſentiens</expan> cuius ea vox erat. </s> <s>Magis nos de veritate ſollicitos eſſe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> de quauis alia re, & qui hæc ſcripſerat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Amicus quidem Socrates, ſed veritas amiciſsima, nihil tamen de egregia voluntate, <expan abbr="officioq́">officioque</expan>. </s> <s>minuens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5233"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>erga Platonem. </s> <s>Affert <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in medio primùm locum quendam illuſtrem, vbi ad eos is Deus qui <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ge<lb></lb>nuit, fatur. </s> <s>Hæc vos qui deorum ſatu orti eſtis, attendire. </s> <s>quorum operum ego parens <expan abbr="effectorq́">effectorque</expan>. </s> <s>ſum, <lb></lb>quæ per me facta non ſunt diſſoluta me inuito, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> omne colligatum ſolui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed haud quaquam <lb></lb>boni eſt ratione vinctum velle diſſoluere, ſed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> orti eſtis, immortales vos quidem eſſe, & indiſ<lb></lb>ſolubiles non poteſtis, neutiquam tamen diſſoluemini, nec vos vlla mortis fata periment, nec fraus va<lb></lb>lentior, quàm <expan abbr="cõſiliũ">conſilium</expan> meum, quod maius eſt <expan abbr="vinculũ">vinculum</expan> ad <expan abbr="perpetuitatẽ">perpetuitatem</expan> veſtram, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illa quibus eſtis, tum, <lb></lb>cum gignebamini, colligati, & reliqua. </s> <s>Ponderat hæc verba Philoponus: diſſolui poſſunt: ergo diſ<lb></lb>ſoluentur, inquit, ſi minus erit imperfectus ille qui ſoluere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quia non exeret in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> poteſtatem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus ſi Deus ſoluere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Soluere autem malum: Deus igitur deprauari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, aut igitur hac faculta<lb></lb>te priuatur, aut ſi poteſt ipſe diſſoluere, id ſi faciet; officio mali <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerit functus. </s> <s>Quoniam verò mox <lb></lb>hoc exploraturi ſumus, & in id ſolùm contendimus nunc, vt Ariſt. </s> <s>reuera diſceſsiſſe doceamus à ſuo <lb></lb>præceptore naturalibus pronunciatis inniſum, & à ſcopo Simplicium in hoc loco aberraſſe, mentem <lb></lb>Platonis ab eius verbis non abhorrere breuiter concludemus. </s> <s>Cùm verò conentur viri illi doctiſsimi <lb></lb>purgare Platonem. (à noſtris <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rationibus vrgebantur) interpretando voces illas genitum & mortale, <lb></lb>& vt fieri ſolet in anguſtius, quanuis <expan abbr="machinã">machinam</expan> pro ſalute attentarent: ſic illi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cùm neceſsitas eos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5234"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad eiuſmodi difficultates detruſerit, & <expan abbr="cõpegerit">compegerit</expan>, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> experiuntur, vt inde ſe expedire poſsint. </s> <s>Idcirco <lb></lb>præter ea ſignificata quæ legimus apud Ariſtotelem, illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> à Proclo fuit inculcatum, idem eſſe, ac <lb></lb>ab alio pendens: nam dicebat ipſe Deum contemplando <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> ex ſe produxiſſe, & nunc producere, <lb></lb>& poſthàc eſſe <expan abbr="producturũ">producturum</expan>, ac continuè generari mundum, quia continuè producatur, vt arbitror, ſicut <lb></lb>lumen à Sole; <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>non habuiſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> finem poſthàc <expan abbr="habiturũ">habiturum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita genitum mundum, <lb></lb>quae eius functio indiuidua non eſſet, vt <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſeparatarum, ſed motu & extentione conſiſteret. </s> <s>Adiecit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>genitum ſic diſtingui ab iis quæ ingenita Plato vocauit, quae hæc, vt ipſe volebat, ſimplicia forent; genita <lb></lb>igitur quæ illis opponuntur, eſſent compoſita. </s> <s>Xenocrates auditor Platonis eò confugit, quòd mun<lb></lb>dus à Platone genitus fingeretur gratia perſpicuitatis, quemadmodum Mathematici qui declaraturi <lb></lb>diagrammata ſic faciunt, quaſi de nouo conficiant, & eorum elementa inter ſe componant. </s> <s>Ita etiam <lb></lb>feciſſe Ariſtotelem 1. Meteor. </s> <s>vt ordinem explicaret, quem habent elementa: illa enim ſtatuit, ac ſi <lb></lb>nunc fieri incipiant. </s> <s>Hæc à Platonicis habemus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5225"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5226"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5227"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5228"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5229"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5230"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5231"></margin.target>a Phędro.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5232"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5233"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5234"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra Platonicorum ſententiam de mundi æternitate, & eorum rationes diſſoluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5235"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5235"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EXAGITAT ergo Philoponus cum <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>, tum ſeorſum <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> interpretationes. </s> <s>Primùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quae hæc quęſtio propoſita fuerit ab antiquis philoſophis quorum veſtigia ſecuti ſunt Plato & <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles, ac varij de mundi origine varia pronunciarunt: quidam ipſius ortum iterantes in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb></lb>alij <expan abbr="vnicã">vnicam</expan> tantùm <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan> ponentes, & erat hæc quæſtio perdifficilis: quare etiam illi, qui de mun<lb></lb>do ſcribere aggrederetur, quemadmodum Plato Timęo, & Ariſtoteles in libris de Cęlo, quæſtionem <lb></lb>hanc tractare conueniebat. </s> <s>In methodo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea quæ ab aliis aut ſapienter, aut non ſine ratione dicta <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>, <lb></lb>aut à viris celeberrimis approbata, perquiri debent. </s> <s>Sic igitur Plato quęſtionem attigit de mundi pro<lb></lb>ductione palàm quærens, an genitus fuerit. </s> <s>Sigillatim verò contra eos qui genitum accipiunt pro com<lb></lb>poſito: cùm quærit ab initio dialogi Plato, ſit'ne genitus mundus; ſi id ſibi velit problema, ſit'ne mun<lb></lb>dus è materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>conflatus, res certè minimè dubia, & quæ <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> euidens eſſet, ac ſine controuer<lb></lb>ſia recepta, reuocata fuiſſet in <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ineptum problema fuiſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> eſſet ſanè, quòd tanto appa<lb></lb>ratu <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> ordiretur, <expan abbr="diiq́">diique</expan>. </s> <s>ad exitum ipſius velut in Tragœdiis, inuocarentur. </s> <s>res autem dubia, <lb></lb>& cuius nodus vindice dignus eſſet, omiſſa. </s> <s>Prætereà demonſtrationes congruant cum problemate <lb></lb>opus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi proponeretur ad <expan abbr="inquirendũ">inquirendum</expan>, Vtrùm cęlum, ſiue mundus ſimplex ſit, an è materia, <lb></lb>& forma <expan abbr="cõponatur">componatur</expan>; idem profectò poſteà concludendum fuit, & <expan abbr="ſciendũ">ſciendum</expan> ſimplex'ne an compoſitus <lb></lb>ſit. </s> <s>de qua re ne verbum quidem à Platone factum in eo volumine comperimus. </s> <s>Multò minus quęre<lb></lb>re conuenit an mundus genitus ſit, hoc ſignificato, Vtrùm pendeat mundus ab opifice primo, nec'ne: <pb pagenum="914"></pb>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> turpe admodum <expan abbr="vanumq́">vanumque</expan>. </s> <s>foret, quia nil euertit magis ingenium problematis; omnes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illę quæ<arrow.to.target n="marg5236"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtiones è numero problematum eiiciuntur quæ contra mores ſunt, vtputa, Vtrùm Deus colendus ſit, <lb></lb>nec'ne. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Proin Auerroës <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> item, <expan abbr="quantuncunq.">quantuncunque</expan> impius à maioribus noſtris habitus ſit; perſpicuè mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5237"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5238"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>net philoſophos, ne in dubium reuocent ea quæ pertinent ad Deum, cùm illius perfectionem quoquo <lb></lb>pacto maculare poſsint. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm maieſtas ipſius minuatur, ſi quæramus pendeat'ne ab ipſo mundus: <lb></lb>& Deus <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan> hominum ſententia reputetur opifex, & gubernator <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> cum mortalium, tum æter<lb></lb>norum, ſeu ſub intelligentiam, ſeu ſub ſenſum cadant, pœna dignus erit qui tale problema proponet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vana item quæſtio fuiſſet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quę pro certis habentur inter quæ foret hoc noſtrum, è problema<lb></lb>tum ordine expunguntur. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quòd antiquus erat & patrius ſermo nobis <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ex Deo con<lb></lb>ſtare, <expan abbr="nullamq́">nullamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſibi per ſe ipſam ſufficere ab eius ſalute deſertam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> nonmodò viri pieta<lb></lb>te inſignes, & vates eam Dei bonitatem carmine celebrarunt; verùm etiam vnanimis philoſophorum <lb></lb>conſenſus. </s> <s>Etenim apud noſtros hæc leguntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5236"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5237"></margin.target>a 1. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5238"></margin.target>b Deſtr.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἐις δέ σε πάντα βλέπει δοῦναι φὶλον εἷδαρ ἑκάστῳ<lb></lb> Πᾶς δ' ἄρα δωτίνην ἀγαθην̀ ἐκ σεῖο κομίσθοι.<lb></lb> Πάντα λίην γάνονται παλάμας ὁτε σεῖο πατάσθεισ<lb></lb> Καὶ κλόνος αἰνὸς ἔχει ὁτε συν̀στρέψειας ὀπωπὴν<lb></lb> Θυμὸν ἀστενυμὲνοιο σέθεν θνήσκουσι δαμέντες.</foreign> <arrow.to.target n="marg5239"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5239"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Καὶ προτέρην ἀθινύθουσιν ἄφαρ περὶμητέ ρα γαῖαν.</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et ad idem Orphici verſus afferuntur, quibus D. O. M. tanquam ſummus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> rerum opifex <expan abbr="celebrat̃">celebratur</expan>, <lb></lb>& honeſtatur ampliſsimis honorib. quæ item Plato non ignorabat, vt in eo non hæſitaret: illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nobis <lb></lb>ſignificat 4. de legibus. </s> <s>Hæc verò quia ſignificantur etiam, ab auctore libri de mundo; omittuntur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>: <lb></lb>nos huc conferre non grauabimur. </s> <s>quæ cum è Proclo, tum etiam ex Apuleij libro quem ipſe quoque <lb></lb>ſcripſit alteri cognominem, colligimus: iis Deus O. M. ſub Iouis perſona cum Græcè, tum Latinè cele<lb></lb>bratur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> omnium ideas in ſeipſo continere primum perhibetur.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Πάντα γὰρ ἐν ζηνὸς μεγάλου τά δε δώματι κεῖται.<lb></lb> Τοὔνεκα σὺν τῷ παντί διὸς πάλιν ἐκτὸς ἐτύχθη.<lb></lb> Ἀιθέρος εὐρείης, ἢ δ' οὐρανοῦ ἀγλαὸν ὑψος <lb></lb> Πόντου τ' ἀτρυγέτου, γαίης τ' εὐρυκήδεως εὑρη <lb></lb> Ὠκεανός τε μέγας, καὶ νήσατα τάρταρα γαίης <lb></lb> Καὶσποταμοὶ, καὶ πόντος ἀπείρητος, ἄλλὰ τε πάντα <lb></lb> Τάνηες τ' ἀθάνατοι, μάκαρες θεοὶ, ἠδὲ θέαιναι.<lb></lb> Ὁσσα τ' ἒηνγεγαῶτα, καὶ ὑστερον ὁσσα ἒμελλεν.</foreign> Deinde<arrow.to.target n="marg5240"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5240"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">- ζηνὸς δ' ἐνὶ γαστέρα σειρὰ πεφύκει</foreign>. </s> <s>quæ nos.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cuncta etenim, quæ hîc ſunt, magni louis ædibus inſunt</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hinc iterum extra Iouem cum toto facta fuerunt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aetheris & patuli, cęli, <expan abbr="ſplendenſq́">ſplendenſque</expan>. </s> <s>cacumen</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Latior ora maris, ſterilis <expan abbr="terræq́">terræque</expan>. </s> <s>patentis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Grandis & Oceane, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> madentia tartara terræ</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Vis immenſa maris, <expan abbr="fluuiiq́">fluuiique</expan>., & cętera cuncta<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Turma beatorum ſine morte, <expan abbr="Diiq́">Diique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Deæq́">Deæque</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Fataq́">Fataque</expan>. </s> <s>in amplexu Iouis orta<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. -</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>mox idearum plenus cùm ſit, in ſe ipſo omnia complectitur: nam ſubdit Theologus</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ζεὺς πρῶτος γένετο, ζεὺς ὑστατος ἀργικέραννος·<lb></lb> Ζεὺς κεφαλὴζευς μέσσα. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">διὸς δ' ἐκ πάντα τέτυκται<lb></lb> Ζεὺς πυθμήν γαιης τε καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντοσ<lb></lb> Ζεὺς ἄρσην γένετο, ζεὺς ἂμβροτος ἔπλετο νύμφη.<lb></lb> Ζεὺς πυοιὴ πάντεσσι, ζεὺς ἀκαμάτου πυρὸς ὁρμὴ.</foreign> <arrow.to.target n="marg5241"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5241"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ζεὺς πόντου ρἵζα, ζεὺς ἡλιος, ἠδὲ σελην̀η.<lb></lb> Ζεὺς βασιλεὺς, ζεὺς ἂρχων, ἁπάντον ἀρχιγένεθλος.<lb></lb> Ἓν κράτος, εἷς δαίμων γένετο μέ γας ἀρχὸς ἀπάντων.<lb></lb> Ἓν δὲ δέμας βασίλειον ἐν ῷ τά δε πάντα κυκλεῖται,<lb></lb> Πῦρ τε ὑδωρ καὶ γαῖα καὶ αἰθὴρ νύξ τε καὶ ἧμαρ.<lb></lb> Πάντα γὰρ ἐκρύψας αὗθις φάος ἐς πολυγῆθεσ<lb></lb> Ἐξ ἱερῆς κραδίης ἐσενέγκατο μέ ρμερα ρἓζων</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Horum maximam partem ſic vertit Apuleius; reliqua nos.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iuppiter omnipotens eſt primus & vltimus idem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iuppiter eſt caput, & medium Iouis omnia munus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iuppiter eſt fundamen humi, & stellantis olympi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Iuppiter & mas est, & neſcia fœmina mortis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Spiritus est cunctis validi vis Iuppiter ignis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et pelagi radix, Sol, Luna est Iuppiter ipſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Omnipotens Rex est, rei omnis Iuppiter ortus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, Nos iterum.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Imperium vnum, <expan abbr="vnuſq.">vnuſque</expan> Deus, qui cuncta gubernat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <pb pagenum="915"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5242"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5242"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vnica forma regens, ad quem ſeſe applicat omne<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ignis, aqua, & tellus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ęther, <expan abbr="noxq́">noxque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="dieſq́">dieſque</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: Rurſus ille</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nam ſimul occuluit, rurſum extulit omnia letho</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Corde ſuo è ſacro conſultor lumine rebus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>à quibus non diſsimiliter Ariſtoteles noſter. </s> <s>Vnus erit Princeps, Rex Vnus-</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Erant igitur hæc præcipua, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dubitanda, vt ſiquis ea proponeret, vel id aſſumeret quod efficiendum <lb></lb>foret, vel ab obſcuris perſpicua diſcernere neſciret, nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de hoc dubitaſſe videtur Ariſt. </s> <s>qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>acceperit à Deo cęlum & vniuerſam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> pendere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eius dicti <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> attulerit, aut ne <expan abbr="tenuiſsimã">tenuiſsimam</expan> <lb></lb>quidem ſuſpicionem ſignificarit. </s> <s>Iam verò Xenocratis <expan abbr="reſponſionẽ">reſponſionem</expan> confutat Ariſt. </s> <s>docens non eſſe pa<lb></lb>rem <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> diſſoluendi mathematicorum <expan abbr="diagrãmata">diagrammata</expan>, & <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> naturalia, quippe quòd illorum <expan abbr="dia-grãmata">dia<lb></lb>grammata</expan> rem <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> conſtituram requirant, & <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> non egeant: at natura ab elementis incipit, & compo<lb></lb>nendo proficiſcitur, ac tempus in <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan> ponit, <expan abbr="talemq́">talemque</expan>. </s> <s>ordinem natura, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> auctore Platone, <lb></lb>ſeruauit quæ ex inordinato in <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> adduxerit. </s> <s>Proinde huic incommodo cauiſſe dicimus <expan abbr="pręcepto-rẽ">pręcepto<lb></lb>rem</expan> noſtrum 1. Meteor. </s> <s>qui <expan abbr="diſſolutionẽ">diſſolutionem</expan> mundi in elementa, <expan abbr="compoſitionemq́">compoſitionemque</expan>. </s> <s>tempore pręceſsiſſe non <lb></lb>fingat, ſed diſſoluens ſola mente vtatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan>, vt Proclus ait ex Iamblichi <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, perſpicuitas honoranda <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> ſit <expan abbr="accõmodata">accommodata</expan> ad <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> faciendam: at id ita non efficitur: nam licet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> alia via repe<arrow.to.target n="marg5243"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rire cęlum à Deo pendere, & diuinæ bonitatis eſſe participem. </s> <s>Demum mihi veriſimile non fit, vbi de <lb></lb>re tanti ponderis, & in loco tam illuſtri diſſeratur in quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> res ex profeſſo proponatur ad <expan abbr="inquirendũ">inquirendum</expan>, <lb></lb>quòd ſemper propria notione vocis abuſus fuerit Plato quæ prætereà decus & amplitudinem Dei labe<lb></lb>factaret: cùm cęteroqui veteres philoſophi ea quæ tenuuia per ſe ipſa ſunt, amplificare, & verbis maie<lb></lb>ſtate plenis ex ornare conſueſſent: <expan abbr="iureq́">iureque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuſceptam diſputationem fuiſſe puto, ſi non alia de cauſſa, <lb></lb>at ea ſaltem, quòd Symbolum in aliam longe partem accipi potuiſſet propter ambiguitatem, quàm <lb></lb>veritas fortaſſe tuliſſet: lucem igitur requirebat, & confirmationem certiſsimam qua rem ita eſſe te<lb></lb>neremus, nec Symbolo illuderemur. </s> <s>quanquàm iis aſſentio potius qui in dubio Platoni tribuunt al<lb></lb>teram ſententiam, ac perſuaſi ſunt, <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> nonmodò contra verba, verùm contra ſententiam Plato<lb></lb>nis diſſerere. </s> <s>Quòd <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> veterum <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> ab ætate Platonis & Ariſtotelis ea fuerit opinio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> diſcipulorum Platonis affert teſtimonium Philoponus ex <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> Platonico cui nomen fuit Taurus <lb></lb>qui citat verba ipſa Ariſt. </s> <s>allegantis Timęum qui <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> conditum fuiſſe profiteretur ex libro, quem <lb></lb>ab Ariſt. </s> <s>contra Timęum ſcriptum fuiſſe ſeorſum Platonici ipſi teſtantur in quo Timęi propoſitum erat <lb></lb>de mundo, & eo quod generatur. </s> <s>Fortaſſe verò intelligebat Ariſtoteles, inquit, Timęum Platonis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Theophilus etiam, qui <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> philoſophum audiuit, ſcripſit librum de naturalibus opinionibus Pla<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5244"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tonis inter quas hanc ipſam recitat, quod mundum <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> poſuiſſet, & tanquam ita ſenſerit Plato, con<lb></lb>tra ipſum diſputat. </s> <s>Nec prętereundum eſt Galeni teſtimonium, qui 4. lib. de demonſtratione apud Phi<lb></lb>loponum eidem ſententiæ adſtipulatur. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem auctoritas Alexandri qui in <expan abbr="cõmentariis">commentariis</expan> libri <lb></lb>de cœlo manifeſtò aſſerit eam fuiſſe Platonis opinionem de fabrica mundi. </s> <s>Sicui verò ſuſpecta fuerint <lb></lb>hæc tam inſignia teſtimonia, tanquam nimis addicta Ariſtoteli; conſulat M. Tullium in lib. de vniuer<lb></lb>ſitate: idem etiam legat Plutarchum; intelliget <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſi ex elocutione de animi ſenſu iudicium ferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>mundum à Platone genitum fuiſſe <expan abbr="aſſertũ">aſſertum</expan> in Timęo. </s> <s>Dicant ipſi quantum volunt: nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illud no<lb></lb>uum geniti ſignificatum quod à Proclo inductum eſt, valdè arridet: quandò etiam ipſi illud aduerſa<lb></lb>tur quod proponitur; ſit'ne à principio <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> incipiens genitus mundus, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perpetuò fit, non vi<lb></lb>detur habere <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſuæ perpetuæ generationis. </s> <s>Adde huc quòd mundi ſpeculatio non abſoluere<lb></lb>tur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiamſi <expan abbr="cõcedamus">concedamus</expan> ipſum ita eſſe, quia fiat, & eſſe cum extentione, adhuc dubitari poſſet, <lb></lb>habuerit'ne principium talis eſſentiæ, an ſemper fuerit tale, ſicuti, etſi ſciremus motum & tempus vnà <lb></lb>extendi, ſupereſſet tamen <expan abbr="inquirendũ">inquirendum</expan>, an motus & tempus orta aliquando ſint, an talia perpetuò exti<lb></lb>terint, & id quæritur ab Ariſtotele, & explicatu difficile eſt, ac maximi ponderis, quòd inter corpora cę<lb></lb>li ſubſtantia <expan abbr="maximã">maximam</expan> mundi partem occupauit. </s> <s>ſi cęli ſubſtantia ab illa <expan abbr="extẽtione">extentione</expan> ſeparatur; ridiculum <lb></lb>ſit mundum ita genitum appellari, cùm eius minima pars quæ continetur elementis, cùm illa extentio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5245"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne producatur. </s> <s>quòd ſi & cœli ſubſtantia <foreign lang="grc">παρατάσει</foreign>, & extentioni illi ſubiicitur, iure igitur quęren<lb></lb>dum reſtat, an mundus genitus ſit, nec'ne. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> Simplicij Procliúe <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> oppoſitum <expan abbr="cõuincunt">conuincunt</expan>: illud <lb></lb>efficiunt ſolùm, vt Platonem de hac re incertum huc illuc quaſi tempeſtate delatum ſignificent, ac ſui <lb></lb>ſemper ſimilem in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem problematis <expan abbr="diſputantẽ">diſputantem</expan> modò hanc <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan>, aliàs illam defendiſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ſanè probabiliter poſſe concludi videntur: ad neutram <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partem vlla certa <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſuppeditat: <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> <lb></lb>& ea quæ Proclus afferebat, dilui facilè poſſunt. </s> <s>Nam; vt exordiar à ſignificato vocis illius genitum; <lb></lb>quanuis id detur, eam <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> minus propriè ſumi: at in eodem problemate probabile eſt oppoſita <lb></lb>vniuocè accipi, vt ſi quæratur, ſit ne nubilus, an clarus aër, non id clarum nobis ſignificabit quod perti<lb></lb>neat ad <expan abbr="vocẽ">vocem</expan>, ſed ad perſpicuitatem aëris. </s> <s>Nunc proponitur problema, ſit'ne genitus mundus, & iam ita <lb></lb>concluditur; eum quidem eſſe <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan>, ſed eiuſmodi, vt non corrumpatur, quid igitur hæc ſibi volunt? <lb></lb></s> <s>certè nil aliud, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mundum ab alio pendere <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed perpetuò. </s> <s>illud ergo, quod dicitur vos veſtrapte <lb></lb>natura diſſolui poteſtis; nil aliud profectò erit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vos ab alio pendetis. </s> <s>Sic D. ille opifex ſummus <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>Iuno <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> quæ Diuûm regina <expan abbr="Iouiſq́">Iouiſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſoror, & coniux incedit; multa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> pollicebitur, ſed fine ſuo <lb></lb>fruſtrabitur, & illa redibunt quæ Lucianus in Ioue confutato narrauit. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi veſtrapte natu<lb></lb>ra caduci eſtis, id eſt, quod verè, & propriè dicitur interire; <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> quòd & illi oppoſitum genitum pro<lb></lb>priè ſumendum erit. </s> <s>Accedit eodem, quòd & illud vitij contineret <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> Platonica, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> præſtaret id <pb pagenum="916"></pb>quod volebat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> adhuc, niſi propriè ſumatur ea vox interire; problema valde neceſſarium in ea <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5246"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpeculatione non ſine maxima culpa prætermiſſum fuerit, & de quo veteres varia prædicarint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="perpetuitatẽ">perpetuitatem</expan> arguunt ex eo, quòd cęlum <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> inter Deum & <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> collocetur; fallacia ſubeſt <lb></lb>in conſequente, medium <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> inter illa eſt: ergo perpetuum; quaſi verò nulla ſuppetat alia ratio qua <lb></lb>cęlum inter illa <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> eſſe poſsit. </s> <s>& ita peccat argumentum in ſecundo errore vniuerſalis, vt ſi ita di<lb></lb>camus: lineæ iſtæ non concurrunt: ergo linea incidens ſecat ad angulos rectos: cùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> non concur<lb></lb>rant <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> anguli ab incidente linea producti ſe habeant, dummodo æquales ſint duobus re<lb></lb>ctis. </s> <s>quòd <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vitam beatiorem viuat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> elementa, cùm propter leuitatem Deus in illius corpore eluceat, quae <lb></lb>è puriori elementorum parte conflatum ſit, quòd ſit cauſſa cęteris, quòd moueantur, ſua conuerſione; <lb></lb>cęlum faciunt à ſumma Dei præſtantia declinans, & longè ſuperans inferiorum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & quæ item ab <lb></lb>ipſo Platone allata ſunt ad corporis eius excellentiam indicandam, Vbi etiam ab immutabilitate cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ ducitur <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, & à natura bonitatis quæ inuida eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> debet, & ſeipſam præbere patiendam: <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> planè Peripateticè. </s> <s>ſed quis primùm nobis <expan abbr="oſtẽdit">oſtendit</expan> <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> cauſſam fore immutabilem modis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <lb></lb>& vndénam id conſtitit, præterquàm via motus quam primus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ingreſſus eſt Ariſtoteles? </s> <s>Sint igi<lb></lb>tur hæc: at nihil olent Academiæ, Licęi propria ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> bonitas perpetuitatem rei neceſſariò con<lb></lb>uincit, ſed oppoſitorum quæ ſunt priuatio & forma ſolùm, eſſe, & non eſſe: nam bonitas pro rerum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5247"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>captu <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>, vbi igitur formæ priuatio repugnet, bonum item eſt eſſe priuationem, nec, vt illi <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="dicũt">dicunt</expan>, apud Deum mali <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> eſt, cùm ipſe omnibus optimè vtatur. </s> <s>communicatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> bonitas per <lb></lb>functioneis, quibus <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> illam <expan abbr="optimã">optimam</expan>, & ſibi ipſi ſufficientiſsimam Dei O. M. imitantur. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>ad id, vt ex bonitate perpetuitas argui poſſet, illud <expan abbr="oſtendẽdum">oſtendendum</expan> fuerat mundum ex iis eſſe rebus <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s>priuatio non opponeretur, & ex materia conſtare quæ foret actu, quod ſanè non niſi per motum ſuc<lb></lb>cedebat; nec ſine hac demonſtratione reliqua quæ aſſumebantur, non ſufficiebant ad propoſitum ap<lb></lb>probandum, quòd partim ignota forent, partim <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> id acciperent, tanquam principium quod probare <lb></lb>voluiſſent. </s> <s>Quod verò opponitur è Politico, valet tantùm ad hæſitantiam <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> Platonicam <expan abbr="oſtendẽdam">oſtendendam</expan> <lb></lb>qua probabiliter in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem philoſophus ille ſæpiſsimè diſputauit; nec tollit, quominus <expan abbr="cõtrà">contrà</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſerit in Timęo. </s> <s>Quòd etiam teſtatur tempus cum cęlo productum, & id eſt quod fuit in ea ſenten<lb></lb>tia reprehenſione dignum, quòd cęlum ſimul cum tempore gigneretur quæ vero de temporis ortu di<lb></lb>ſputata ſunt, ex Ariſt. </s> <s>officina depromuntur. </s> <s>Et illud eſt quod Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe confutat, quia genitum mun<lb></lb>dum eſſe voluerit, & quod ſuapte natura foret caducum, ab aliqua vi reddi perpetuum. </s> <s>Vereor autem <lb></lb>ne falsò id aſſumptum fuerit Platonem non alias, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> treis cauſſas mundi aſsignaſſe, cùm de materia ver<lb></lb>ba faciat, ac cœlum quod erat corpus præſtantiſsimum, componat ex elementis, & inter dogmata non <lb></lb>ſcripta tria vniuerſi primordia ponat Deum, Ideam, & materiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inordinatum ordinato præire, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5248"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd ſi illò confugiat Proclus, quòd hæc non profeſſus in Timęo ſit, non eſt, quòd ipſe nos locis aliun<lb></lb>de petitis vrgere velit. </s> <s>Opponebat Proclus geniti definitionem quæ foret ſenſile, & ex hoc prædicato <lb></lb>genitum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> concludebat id quod initium temporis non haberet, quod eſt inordinatum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed quanuis ad hoc ſatis eſſet, ſi diceretur actu ſenſile, & genitum propriè conuerti, & negare inordi<lb></lb>natum eſſe actu ſenſile, quia Plato ſenſile non ſemper eſſe acceperit; tamen dicere volumus id quod <lb></lb>generatur, eſſe duplex <foreign lang="grc">τὸ γινόμενον & ὃ γίνεται</foreign>, fiens .ſ. </s> <s>& id quod fit, nec fienti <expan abbr="perpetuitatẽ">perpetuitatem</expan> repugna<lb></lb>re ſimpliciter: continet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiam, quam <expan abbr="ingenitã">ingenitam</expan> & incorruptam Ariſt. </s> <s>eſſe oſtendebat: ſenſile ve<lb></lb>rò <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> <expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan>, quia tamen fiens eo quod fit, neceſſariò terminetur; optimè id quod fit, <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> pro<lb></lb>priè conſtituit. </s> <s>Id autem quod accipitur ante cęli <expan abbr="fabricã">fabricam</expan>, tria ſola extitiſſe: id quod eſt, locum, & gene<lb></lb>rationem, aut interpretabimur prius non tempore, ſed natura. </s> <s>Quæ verò afferuntur ex aliis locis, ni<lb></lb>hil contra nos, qui ea tantùm oppugnamus quæ legimus in Timęo, & contra Timęum ab Ariſtotele, <lb></lb>& Theophraſto ſcripta ſunt. </s> <s>Sed de his hactenus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5243"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5244"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5245"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5246"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5247"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5248"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm quod per ſe caducum est, ab alio perpetuum in genere ſubstantię reddi <lb></lb>poſſet, nec'ne. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5249"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5249"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM Platonis ſententia conſtituta eſt, nunc ſequitur, vt quid illi obiiciat Ariſt. </s> <s>explore<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>cùm verò id probabiliter anteà per actum ſit; ea mox in medium afferamus quæ phyſicis fun<lb></lb>damentis innitantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm ipſe mundum genitum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed nunquam interiturum eſſe diceret; <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>inſtituit diſputationem qua probaret <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod genitum eſt, <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> occaſurum. </s> <s>Cęterùm <lb></lb>quod ita è nodis Ariſtotelicis Academici elabuntur, aientes id quod genitum eſt, ſuapte natura <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe, ſed ab alio perpetuum fieri poſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita mutari <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> non modum ſolùm, quemadmodum nos <lb></lb>olim dabamus, & concedebamus ex habitudine, ſed intrinſecùs, quia res ipſa, quæ ſuapte natura fuerit <lb></lb>contingens, in <expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan> aliena vi degeneraret. </s> <s>quod certè quanquam <expan abbr="admirationẽ">admirationem</expan> apud quenlibet re<lb></lb>rum naturalium <expan abbr="peritũ">peritum</expan> poterat excitare; nam multò diuturnius id foret quod eſt contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quàm <lb></lb>naturale: tamen quia nec fides dialectica ſine oppoſiti ſuſpicione creatur; etiam conſtituit Ariſt. </s> <s>in hac <lb></lb>hypotheſi vires demonſtrationis experiri, & cùm id de ſubſtantia, & accidente ſeorſum quæratur; offi<lb></lb>cium quoque noſtrum eſt, pro Ariſt. </s> <s>decertare & defendere <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod genitum eſt, ſiue ſubſtantia ſit, <lb></lb>ſiue accidens; etiam ſuapte natura poſſe corrumpi, & olim ad <expan abbr="exitũ">exitum</expan> peruenturum, vt ſi Deus à quo na<lb></lb>tura gubernatur, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> dirigit apud Peripateticos pro curſu <expan abbr="propenſioneq́">propenſioneque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuæ naturæ, id <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> falle<lb></lb>re queat. </s> <s>Ergo Ariſt. </s> <s>argumentum ſpectemus. </s> <s>Ipſe ſanè ſic rationem concludit. </s> <s>Eſto genitum. </s> <s>hoc pla</s></p> <pb pagenum="917"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5250"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nè conſtat ex materia quæ propenſa eſt ad <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> contraria, alterum igitur illi ſuccedat oportet: aliter <lb></lb>habilitas illa fruſtraretur. </s> <s>Rurſus eſto caducum; poteſt igitur aliquando non eſſe: finge tu prætereà <lb></lb>ipſum degenerare in immortale; non igitur non eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed erit ſemper. </s> <s>cùm verò caducum ſit, <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan> <lb></lb>quodam certo temporis puncto non eſſe. </s> <s>Nam ſi eſſe ponatur id quod fieri poteſt, falſum ſanè effi<lb></lb>cietur; nunquam verò eiuſmodi, vt fieri nequeat. </s> <s>Verùm quòd immortale acceptum eſt, in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>tempore exiſtet, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſimul erit, & non erit. </s> <s>Cùm hæc igitur ſecum certent, hypotheſes etiam, vnde <lb></lb>emanant, ſibi repugnabunt. </s> <s>Quia verò maxima principiorum vis eſt, & error in illis, quanuis minimus, <lb></lb>latiſsimè ſerpit, vt optimè à nobis fabricæ compar valeant, in qua.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5250"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-ſi praua eſt regula prima</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Normaq́">Normaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſi fallax rectis regionibus exit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Et libella aliqua ſi ex parti claudicat hilum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Omnia mendosè fieri <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> obſtipa neceſſum eſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Praua, cubantia, prona, ſupina, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> obſona tecta<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>etiam hypotheſes illæ examinatæ ſunt à Philoſophis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita agitatæ, vt in ſuſpicionem veritatis addu<lb></lb>ctæ ſint: quamobrem etiam niſi dirigantur, ædificium vniuerſum cadere poſsit. </s> <s>ideò nos item perpen<lb></lb>demus earum <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> diligenter. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primùm, quòd dubitemus; quoniam ita ſe habeat quod generari <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5251"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad id vt ſit, quemadmodum <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> ad id vt non ſit. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> neceſſariò <expan abbr="corrũpetur">corrumpetur</expan>: ergo & id <lb></lb>quod generari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, neceſſariò <expan abbr="generabit̃">generabitur</expan>. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> fatali <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> neceſsitate <expan abbr="producent̃">producentur</expan>, & nil certè <expan abbr="cõtingẽs">contingens</expan> <lb></lb>quod à nob. </s> <s>anteà, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="falſiſsimũ">falſiſsimum</expan> <expan abbr="reprobatũ">reprobatum</expan> fuit, <expan abbr="falsũ">falsum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <expan abbr="cõſimiliter">conſimiliter</expan> <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> caſurum. </s> <s>ſi hoc <lb></lb>falſum; <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ergo reddi <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan>. </s> <s>Prętereà <expan abbr="retorquet̃">retorquetur</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>: <expan abbr="qm̃">quam</expan> accipit ipſe <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> <expan abbr="aliqñ">aliquando</expan> <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="accipiã">accipiam</expan> ego <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quod gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> <expan abbr="orturũ">orturum</expan>: ſicut ergo <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan> hoc apud <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan>, <lb></lb>cùm poſsit <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan>, <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit; ſi ſtatuatur ipſum <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> interiturum; erit igitur ſimul, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit: ſic & id neceſſariò <expan abbr="cõſequetur">conſequetur</expan> quod gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="genitũ">genitum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan>, <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> erit; ſi <expan abbr="nunquã">nunquam</expan> ſit <lb></lb>erit <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> ſimul & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erit. </s> <s>Sed cùm hoc fieri nequeat; efficietur inde, vt neceſſariò futurum ſit, quod ab<lb></lb>ſurdum eſſe anteà ſignificauimus. </s> <s>Si igitur rectè concluditur Ariſt. </s> <s>argumentum; ita & noſtrum: ſi in <lb></lb>noſtro vitium ſubeſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt quòd ab Ariſtotelico perſuaderi patiamur. </s> <s>Deinde elementa per ſe cor<lb></lb>rumpi poſſunt, tamen nunquàm corrumpentur: & cùm <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> aliàs expoſuerimus materiam quæ ſa<lb></lb>nè per ſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> gigni, neque interire poteſt, & efficiens quod eſt cœlum, & hîc ego opponam, ſi per ſe <lb></lb>talia ſunt quę mortalia ſint, & aliam ob cauſſam perpetua fiunt; nihil obſtabit profectò, quominus ex <lb></lb>ſe caducum ab alio perpetuum reddatur. </s> <s>Accedit his auctoritas Ariſtotelis, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui etiam nonnulla <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5252"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>æternitatis ſuæ cauſſas habere docuerit. </s> <s>Necnon Auerrois <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> teſtantis in quantitate determinata vim <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5253"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quoque permanendi & agendi eſſe finitam; <expan abbr="ideoq́ue">ideoque</expan> exigere aliquod principium ſuę continuationis. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5254"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hîc quanuis defendatur Ariſtoteles, & ſolùm ab Ariſtotelico argumento accidens ab aliquibus exci<lb></lb>piatur, quia tamen non ſatis rectè nodos propoſitos diſſoluunt; eſt quòd tantiſper laboremus. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>quòd rationes expediri non poſsint; argumentum ſolet eſſe decreti fallacis. </s> <s>Quicunque de ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiis ipſis loquuntur, cauſſas earum interitus omnino certas aſsignant: internam vnam, externam alte<lb></lb>ram. </s> <s>illa quidem eſt materia, quę cùm per ſe contradicentia reſpiciat, eſt principium per quod res non <lb></lb>eſſe poteſt; altera verò oppoſitio, cuius priuilegio materia formam <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan> expetens, præſentem exui<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex ſe ipſa ſufficit materia ad amittendam, vel <expan abbr="accipiendã">accipiendam</expan> hanc, aut illam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſed actu <lb></lb><expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan> præſtò ſit oportet, quod ipſam in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> expetitum deducat: quamobrem ita parauit natura <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> patiens & efficiens, vt quicquid huic accipere licet, ab altero exhiberi poſsit: nam ſuppeten<lb></lb>te materia, & eo præſente quod habet vim mouendi, neceſſariò conſequetur effectus. </s> <s>Sed quod perti<lb></lb>net ad argumenta oppoſita; ſtatuunt vt ſicut fieri non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin caducum intereat; ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fieri non <lb></lb>poſſe, quin quod generari poteſt, oriatur aliquando. </s> <s>Omne igitur quod gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, neceſſariò gignetur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò <expan abbr="contingentiã">contingentiam</expan> opponit Ariſtoteles, arbitrij noſtri libertatem & conſilium: ad hæc reſpon<lb></lb>debat Iandunus. </s> <s>Omnia quidem euenire neceſſariò, veruntamen in natura <expan abbr="geminã">geminam</expan> ſpectari neceſsita<lb></lb>tem: primam quidem <expan abbr="continuã">continuam</expan>, qualis reperitur in motu cęleſti, ac poſteriorem interpellatam, quę ibi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5255"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, vbi adſunt contraria, ſed quia nobis incerta eſt hæc neceſsitas: idcirco illi nomen eſſe <expan abbr="contingẽtiæ">contingentiæ</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen hic vir parum accuratè tractauit philoſophiam Peripateticam. </s> <s>Nam ſunt etiam, vt antè <lb></lb>docuimus, infinitæ <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> cauſſæ in natura inordinatæ, quæ à neceſſariis & naturalibus tota natura ſe<lb></lb>gregantur. </s> <s>Docent alij ſic exoriri <expan abbr="cõtingentiam">contingentiam</expan>, quae materia duplici poteſtate inſignita ſit: vna quidem <lb></lb>vniuerſali, altera verò ſingulari. </s> <s>Et quantum de prima eſt, cùm illa ſit indefinita, nec minus ad hanc, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb>ad illam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> procliuis, ab ea proficiſci contingentiam, ſingularem verò <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> deficere, ſed ſemper ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> certum promoueri. </s> <s>& quanuis agens impediri poſsit, ſeu quia parùm efficax ſit, ſeu quae materia re<lb></lb>nitatur, & reluctetur; non idcirco tolli, quominus <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> quid oriatur. </s> <s>nam ſi non hoc quod ab vniuer<lb></lb>ſali potentia cupiebatur; at illud cuius poteſtas in materia illa proximè exiſteret, vt monſtrum: latebat <lb></lb>enim in materia poteſtas ad monſtrum, non ad <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>, & efficiens <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad ſpeciem monſtri, non ho<lb></lb>minis promouere potuit; hinc effici, nequa poteſtas in materia fruſtra ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vniuerſalis illa, quia ſat <lb></lb>eſt, vt aliqua forma accedat: eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetitus vniuerſalis eſt, nec ad vllam ſpecialem formam directus; <lb></lb>neque item ſingularis: quandò id ſemper exoritur, ad quod proxima poteſtas in materia latitabat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen hæc ſententia tollit id quod eſt fruſtra, quod tamen apparet eſſe in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura; licet non <lb></lb>ſit ex natura: eſt autem id vbi agens naturale non potiatur fine ſuo: ſic autem ſemper aſſequeretur <expan abbr="fi-nẽ">fi<lb></lb>nem</expan>, quia tam <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> priuata poteſtas ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> deduceretur. </s> <s>Prętereà periculum immineret, ne quis <pb pagenum="918"></pb>actus, aut motus vniuerſali potentiæ adſcriberetur, à qua tamen propter infinitatem naturæ nihil huiuſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5256"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modi proficiſci <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed determinatione opus eſt, vt quicquam ſuccedat: volunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſtatem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> vni<lb></lb>uerſalem per ſe in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> vniuerſalem peruenire: atqui <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> actus ſimpliciter vniuocus nullus eſt: <lb></lb>ergo multiplex. </s> <s>igitur & in eo varietas: quare determinari ipſum oportet, & in determinatione præ<lb></lb>ſtanda ſucceſſus incertus. </s> <s>Ideò duplex determinatio flagitatur, & ad ſpeciem, & ad indiuiduum: cum <lb></lb>verò generatio ſingulorum ſit; efficitur, vt eorum varietas inducat contingentiam. </s> <s>Quin etiam pone<lb></lb>retur in materia poteſtas ad malum per ſe, cum tamen ſit per accidens, & gratia boni: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad id eſt <lb></lb>in potentia quod per ſe generatur: in hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe intendit natura, vt verò ipſi arbitrantur, malum per <lb></lb>ſe generatur. </s> <s>quippe monſtrum. </s> <s>Rurſus nihil eſſet præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſecundùm naturam, & <expan abbr="mõ-ſtrum">mon<lb></lb>ſtrum</expan> item, quia ſequeretur <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> materiæ, & agentis ſingularis, quod tamen ex eo naturæ cancel<lb></lb>lis excluditur, quia prorſus ſit præter <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, materiæ nimirùm, & formæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò Peripate<lb></lb>ticum illud eſt opinari cauſſam ob id dici <expan abbr="fortuitã">fortuitam</expan>, quia lateat nos: quod cùm ab Ariſt. 2. Phyſ. fuerit <lb></lb>confutatum, non amplius <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> noſtram requirit: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſet arbitrio noſtro principia naturæ conſti<lb></lb>tuere, & apud eum qui <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> noſſet, idem effectus eſſet naturalis; apud me qui <expan abbr="ignorãtem">ignorantem</expan>, fortuitus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Noui planè id non haberi abſurdum; tamen eſto quae tale ſit in iis quæ fiunt à nobis quorum opiniones <lb></lb>adeò diuerſæ ſunt, & actiones multiformes; at in iis quæ natura fiunt, ab Ariſt. </s> <s>non approbatur natura <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5257"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſemper vniformiter agente. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> aliàs oſtenſum à nobis eſt in ſingularibus eſſe contingentiam propter <lb></lb><expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſenſilem, nec certam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> ſufficere ad fortunam euertendam, ſi fuerit ſingularis, ſed eiuſmo<lb></lb>di quæ ab vniuerſa ſpecie proficiſcatur, & per ſe ad <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> finem ſit inſtituta, vt cauſſæ omnes .ſ. </s> <s>illò pro<lb></lb>penſæ ſint, quæ inter ſe ordinem habent, quo tale opus conſtituant, & id plurimum ſuccedat. </s> <s>Sed de <lb></lb>his antehàc multa. </s> <s>Quamobrem quantum pertinet ad primum caput noſtræ quæſtionis; accipimus <lb></lb>à Peripateticis <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> ſubſtantiam quæ per ſe caduca ſit, ordine naturæ ab alio fieri poſſe perpetuam: <lb></lb>vt ſi qua fiat <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, id à poteſtatis <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> plenitudine naſcatur, quam Peripatetici antè non agnouerunt, <lb></lb>aut methodo <expan abbr="cõplexi">complexi</expan> non ſunt. </s> <s>Id quod etiam appoſitè admodùm ab Alexandro probatum fuiſſe per<lb></lb>ſpicio, qui cauſſam huius euenti afferebat exponens, quid ſit id quod fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quidúe id quod non po<lb></lb>teſt: nam quae fieri poſsit ex eo non indicatur, quae ſit aut non, ſed ex illo, quae etiam ſi non ſit, tamen poſsit <lb></lb>eſſe, niſi impediatur; impedimentum verò eſt accidens, vt olim docuimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non immutat rei natu<lb></lb>ram. </s> <s>quod verò fieri nequit, quod ſuapte natura tale eſt, vt quanuis impedimentum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> adſit: tamen <lb></lb>futurum non ſit, & vt clarius eloquar, quod fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, non determinatur actu, quia notat ſolùm præſen<lb></lb>tiam habilitatis, cuius priuatio ſignificatur ab eo quod fieri nequit. </s> <s>quo fit, vt id quod eſſe poteſt; etiam<lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> exiſtat, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> tamen degeneret in id quod eſſe non poſsit. </s> <s>Ad id quod poteſt per ſe corrumpi, <lb></lb>non eſt eiuſmodi, quia poſsit corrumpi, & non corrumpi, ſed neceſſariò corrumpetur; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad hoc ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5258"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bet habilitatem, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt poſsibile adeſſe & non eſſe, ſed certa eſt habilitas ad id quae non ſit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> neceſſariò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5259"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>corrumpetur. </s> <s>Si verò cauſſam quæras, cur id quod corrumpi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, neceſſariò corrumpetur, quod verò <lb></lb>gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, non neceſſariò generabitur. </s> <s>Dic id à materia proficiſci, cui referunt acceptum res naturalis, <lb></lb>vt inclinentur ad non eſſe, vnde per ſe non erunt, quando ſunt. </s> <s>proinde nihil per accidens <expan abbr="corrũpi">corrumpi</expan> poſ<lb></lb>ſe fatebatur Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc eſt, vt poſſet non corrumpi, ſed per ſe, hoc eſt interitus ſui cauſſas intra ſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5260"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habere; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè, quia non requiratur <expan abbr="corrũpens">corrumpens</expan>: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe ipſum interimit, niſi per accidens, vt ignis <lb></lb>ſolus; neque quin primus naturæ finis ſit ipſa generatio, & eſſe, ſed quae intrinſecùs ex ipſa materia pen<lb></lb>deat propter adnexam priuationem, ad quam ſuapte propenſione perpetuò recurrit, vt olim docuimus: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> exiſtit interitus ex neceſsitate materiæ, ſed ad id, vt res ſit, alia multa requiruntur, vt formæ præ<lb></lb>ſentia quæ à contrario <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> impediri; vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dialectici ferunt, ad deſtruendum ſat eſt vnum, ad conſtruen<lb></lb>dum multa requiruntur. </s> <s>Ergo caducum neceſſe eſt aliquando non eſſe; generabile verò non eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Qua propter argumentum quod <expan abbr="ducit̃">ducitur</expan> à ſimilitudine eorum quæ gigni, & interire queunt; futile <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, & fallax. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> alterum itidem quo acceptum eſt id quod gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>niſi neceſſariò generetur, fore <lb></lb>vt ſimul ſit & non. </s> <s>quia tametſi non eſt; non minuitur poteſtas ad id, vt ſit, quæ ſi ponatur in actu; <lb></lb>non ſequitur abſurdum. </s> <s>Planè autem ſequeretur, ſi de poteſtate illa ad id quae ſit, aliquid detereretur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5261"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quemadmodum euenit in eo quod cùm ſit caducum, corrumpi non poteſt. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habeat potentiam <lb></lb>determinatam ipſo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe, vbi <expan abbr="ponat̃">ponatur</expan> eſſe perpetuò iam tollitur ea poteſtas. </s> <s><expan abbr="Ideòq́">Ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>valet Ariſt. </s> <s>argu<lb></lb>mentum, noſtri <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nullum robur eſt. </s> <s>Quòd autem elementa corrumpantur adhibita diſtinctione de<lb></lb>fendi poteſt, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpectantur ſecundùm <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, aut formam, ac priore quidem modo tota corruptio<lb></lb>ni eſſe obnoxia dicimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita corrumpi concedimus; non corrumpi verò ſi accipiantur ſecundùm <lb></lb>formam: quare falſum eſt aſſumptum. </s> <s>Prętereà dicimus id genus perpetuitatis quod in argumento <lb></lb>accipitur, ad ſpeciem pertinere, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ab Ariſt. </s> <s>negari, ſed nos agimus de indiuiduo. </s> <s>Nec auctoritates <lb></lb>obſtant: ſiquidem etſi cauſſa ęternitatis adeſt, non ſic adeſt, vt id quod per ſe caducum eſt, ab alio per<lb></lb>petuum fiat, ſed quia duplex æternitas alia cauſſa vacans quæ eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia quæ cauſſas habet. <lb></lb></s> <s>id igitur ſibi volunt ea verba quod æterni <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cauſſa eſſe queat. </s> <s>Similiter <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa propoſitio virtutem <lb></lb>cœli eſſe finitam, quia ſit in quantitate finita; mihi vera ſimpliciter eſſe videtur, ſed illo adiecto quòd <lb></lb>ſit in materia quæ eſt potentia ſubſtantia: nam tunc ob repugnantiam quæ ex eo materiæ genere exi<lb></lb>ſtit ſubſtantia <expan abbr="virtuſq́">virtuſque</expan>. </s> <s>deficiunt. </s> <s>id ex iis apparet quæ 1. de cęl. </s> <s>T. 20. ſcripta ſunt, & munitur dicto <lb></lb>Philoſophi <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dum reddit <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> cur timendum non ſit, quòd cęlum defatigetur; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus eſt il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5262"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>li circum <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> contradictionis, quemadmodum caducis, ita vt laborioſa ei ſit continuatio motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſubſtantia <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> materia, & potentia exiſtens non actu huius cauſſa eſt. </s> <s>Quapropter generatim con <pb pagenum="919"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5263"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cludimus nullam ſubſtantiam quę facultatem obtinuit, vt corrumpatur; ab alio perpetuam reddi poſ<lb></lb>ſe poteſtate aliqua naturali.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5251"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5252"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5253"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. c. 41.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5254"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5255"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5256"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5257"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5258"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5259"></margin.target>a 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5260"></margin.target>b 10. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5261"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5262"></margin.target>c 9. Met. <lb></lb>T. 17.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5263"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur Vtrùm ne accidens ab alio perpetuum reddatur, an intere at neceſſariò. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>POSTQVAM vidimus ſubſtantias ab alio nullo perpetuari poſſe; exploremus deinde an'ne hoc <lb></lb>idem per accidentia pertineat, an alia ſit accidentis ipſius natura. </s> <s>De hoc etiam certant inter ſe <lb></lb>Peripatetici: nam Themiſtius exiſtimauit motum cęleſtem per ſe non eſſe perpetuum, ſed à motore <lb></lb>primo qui æternus ſit, continuari. </s> <s>Potuerunt verò illum ad ita credendum hæc inducere; proptereà <lb></lb>quòd motus eſt è genere ſucceſsiuorum quę per parteis, quin potius per terminos exiſtunt; altera qui<lb></lb>dem parte ſemper extincta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera non dum exorta. </s> <s>Prætereà conuerſionis periodi terminis <expan abbr="qui-buſdã">qui<lb></lb>buſdam</expan> concluduntur. </s> <s>Addebant <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Themiſtij ſectatores, cùm in cęlo ſit poteſtas ad locum: ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe, & quietem quę <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> oppoſita ſibi viciſsimin <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> materia ſuccedant. </s> <s>Si etiam accidens imi<lb></lb>tatur <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & cum ipſo vel permanet, vel interit; negari non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin accidens ab alio perpetuari <lb></lb>queat. </s> <s>Auerroës contrà motum cęli per ſe æternum eſſe <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> teſtatur; tametſi aliàs in ſententiam <lb></lb>Themiſtij ceſsit. </s> <s>Verùm, vt ois controuerſia ſedetur, hîc arbitror de accidente, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>interitu primum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5264"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe diſtinguendum. </s> <s>Accidens <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> duplex eſt, aut quod adhuc ab alio pendet, nec dum ſubiecti <expan abbr="cuiuſ-piã">cuiuſ<lb></lb>piam</expan> proprium factum eſt, aut quod habitum ſubiecti, <expan abbr="formamq́">formamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> etiam generis duo <lb></lb>ſunt membra, permanens .ſ. </s> <s>& ſucceſsiuum. </s> <s>permanentia quidem & ab alio tamen illa ſunt, quæ in <lb></lb>habitudine poſita ſunt, vt lumen quę quae tota ſimul, nec ſecundùm gradus aut parteis accedunt, iure per<lb></lb>manentia vocaris: cętera per gradus parteisúe fiunt, & ita ſunt, quia continuè producuntur. </s> <s>Interitus <lb></lb>accidentis item aut per ſe eſt, & efficitur à contrario, aut per accidens: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id dupliciter, vel efficientis <lb></lb>abſentia, vel etiam ſubiecti. </s> <s>Nam quòd ea quæ ab alio pendent, & exiſtunt quia fiunt, geminum <expan abbr="inte-ritũ">inte<lb></lb>ritum</expan> obtinuerint generatim cum per ſe tum per accidens; optimè patet: ergo calor in ferro candente, <lb></lb>& ad ferri interitum, & ad ignis remotionem, & à frigore corrumpitur. </s> <s>Quæ verò naturam ſubiecti <lb></lb>conſequuntur; hæc aut interna ſimpliciter ſunt, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> extrinſecum requirunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item vel habent <lb></lb>contrarium, vel eo carent. </s> <s>internum vita ſimpliciter: motus elementi naturalis internus quidem eſt, quae <lb></lb>habitus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> illi ſubſternitur, ſed externi eget à quo efficiatur. </s> <s>motui recto quies opponitur; & aſcen<lb></lb>ſui deſcenſus; conuerſioni nihil eſt quod repugnet. </s> <s>De his item id generatim decerni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quæ contra<lb></lb>rium habent, per ſe interire: quantum verò eſt de illorum principiis ſubiecto, & efficiente perſpicuum <lb></lb>eſt, quae ab alio pendet eorum ſalus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> pernicies. </s> <s>Nam prout ſubiectum, vel efficiens, perpetuum cadu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5265"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cumúe fuerit; ita accidens aut interibit, aut perpetuò manebit. </s> <s>ita vt ſi accidens perpetuum <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan> ſit; <lb></lb>hæc concurrant neceſſe eſt, abſentia <expan abbr="cõtrarij">contrarij</expan>, <expan abbr="perpetuitaſq́">perpetuitaſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſubiecti, ac tertium item, ſi fuerit ex eorum <lb></lb>genere quæ poſtulent efficiens. </s> <s>Verùm quia pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſubiecti; & efficientis determinantur; hoc verò <lb></lb>eſt ab alio; noli ideò vereri ne quod per ſe <expan abbr="caducũ">caducum</expan> eſt, ab alio fiat perpetuum; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan>, vt anteà diximus, <lb></lb>intelligendum ſic quae habeat cauſſas ſuæ perpetuitatis; illud primum in iis quæ fieri nequeunt, reponi<lb></lb>mus; hoc etiam maximè <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> arbitramur; ideſt, quae eius perpetuitas non ſit abſoluta, & ſine cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, ſed habeat cauſſam qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diſtinguitur à ſubſtantia quę per ſe immortalis eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nullam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <lb></lb>ſuæ perpetuitatis habens præter propriam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem de hoc dicendum, ac de veritate propo<lb></lb>ſitionum & concluſionis. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> veræ, <expan abbr="ſempiternæq́">ſempiternæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt, nec ea vis eſt <expan abbr="propoſitionũ">propoſitionum</expan>, vt concluſio, cęte<lb></lb>roqui falſa vera reddatur, ſed propoſitionum veritas per ſe ipſam eſt, nec <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> requirit: veritas <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>concluſionis ſuiipſius <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> cauſſam flagitat. </s> <s>Eſt igitur perpetuum duplex; ex ſe & ex alio. </s> <s>nec tamen <lb></lb>quod ex alio perpetuum eſt, tale eſt, quia cùm per ſe caducum ſit, <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> contraxerit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>atque perpe<lb></lb>tuum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt, non per accidens, ſed quia <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> habeat eius attributi, nec ei quod per ſe eſt, repugnat <lb></lb>habere <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, ſicuti de concluſione demonſtrationis in Analyticis dictum eſt. </s> <s>ac ſi velis <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> rem quaſi <lb></lb>manu tenere; ſic eam explicabis eſſe hæc perpetua, vera, neceſſaria; poſſe præſtari formaliter, vel effe<lb></lb>ctiuè, <expan abbr="primoq́">primoque</expan>. </s> <s>modo, vbi poſita cauſſa effectus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſequatur; altero <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia cùm foret olim pote<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5266"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtate; traductum poſteà fuerit ad actum. </s> <s>nunc primus ille modus non repugnat æterno, & ita ſe <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <lb></lb>verum & neceſſarium; alter ille neceſſarium tollit, & hic negatur à nobis. </s> <s>Cauſſæ autem duplices eſſe <lb></lb>poſſunt, vti noſti ſubiectum, & efficiens ſubiectum nos <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> internam ponimus, quandò accidentis <lb></lb><expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> <expan abbr="compleat̃">compleatur</expan> à ſubiecto, quam nil vetat abſolutam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe perpetuitatis in accidente, vt ſi quod <lb></lb>accidens ſit in corpore cœleſti, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> beatis mentibus id à nullo alio pendens, & contrario carens, in <lb></lb>actu perpetuò futurum ſit, quemadmodum ſpeculatio & beatitudo; <expan abbr="nullaq́">nullaque</expan>. </s> <s>labe contaminari queat; <lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ſpem in ſeipſo ſui reponat quod ita affectum ſit. </s> <s>Sed in motu ſunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> termini pars <expan abbr="eſsẽtię">eſsentię</expan> <lb></lb>qui in motu cœleſti ſunt cauſſa continuitatis & perpetuitatis ob eam rationem quæ mox exponetur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> talem perpetuitatem ex eo labefactari putamus, quae <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> <expan abbr="ſucceſsiuũ">ſucceſsiuum</expan> ſit, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> æternum eſt, quod <lb></lb>exiſtit, ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quod fit æternum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quia continuè fiat, & eius ſemper aliqua pars, ſeu quippiam <lb></lb>aliud exiſtat. </s> <s>Nec ob id quia motus continuè fiat, nec ſimul maneat totus, clauditur aliquibus termi<lb></lb>nis, vt <expan abbr="aliquãdo">aliquando</expan> intermittatur: ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius aliquid exiſtit, & termini virtute potius, & <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, quàm <lb></lb>actu, & ſubiecto ſeparati. </s> <s>Hoc ſi minus approbabis, conuertito te ad tempus: eſt verò tempus quidam <lb></lb>effectus motus, quod item in ſucceſsione poſitum eſt, id niſi perpetuum, & in tempore igitur; quare <lb></lb>tempus erit in <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> in infinitum, <expan abbr="notumq́">notumque</expan>. </s> <s>illud à cauſſa æterna non niſi æternum proximè proficiſci <lb></lb>poſſe, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>auctoritate Philoſophi <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> confirmatum, qui Deum in eo <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> ordine collocauit, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5267"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="920"></pb>aliter motiones euenire non accidit. </s> <s>ex <expan abbr="harũ">harum</expan> numero eſt conuerſio: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> contingit aliquando non <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5268"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe conuerſionem; eſt quidem non ex toto, ſed ex parte; veruntamen <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> non eſt. </s> <s>Quia verò poſ<lb></lb>ſes occurrere dictis admouens ex illis nil aliud certè conuinci, niſi quae motus æternus eſt; atque intrinſecùs <lb></lb>eiuſmodi ſit, nihil adhuc: ita opponam. </s> <s>Quod ab <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> proximè deriuatur, ideſt ex natura, & inter<lb></lb>num. </s> <s>Sed æternitas in motu cœleſti à motus <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> deriuatur: ex natura igitur, & intrinſecùs ineſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Aſſumptio petitur ab Ariſt. </s> <s>qui conuerſionis terminos (ſunt verò de <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> motus) perpetuæ ſucceſ<lb></lb>ſionis <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe docet: etenim differunt à terminis motus recti, quae iſti actu & poteſtate vnum ſunt, vel <lb></lb>initium, vel finis motus; at in conuerſione ſunt <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> actu, & poteſtate ſimul. </s> <s>Inſuper; Illud quod ſu<lb></lb>pereſt in re <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> aliis mente circunſcriptis, eſt internum. </s> <s>AEternitas in conuerſione ſupereſt omnib. <lb></lb></s> <s>aliis mente circunſcriptis, & interna igitur: prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nobis notuit conuerſionis æternitas, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mobilis, aut <lb></lb>motoris; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> horum æternitas ex æternitate motus illata. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> poteſtas ad quietem in ipſo termi<lb></lb>natur abſoluta immobilitate, ſed eiuſmodi quies eſt, vt cum aliquo motu ſemper coniuncta ſit. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb>uis hîc nobis obſiſtas, vel concludens accidens per ſe æternum eſſe, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> probans accidens, cùm per <lb></lb>ſe caducum ſit, ab alio fieri perpetuum. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeuocata omni <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſubiecti, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> efficientis <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> <lb></lb>in ſe rationem perpetuitatis, id per ſe perpetuum eſt. </s> <s>Sed tempus eſt huiuſmodi; quoniam perpetuitas <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> ab inſtantis natura fit perpetua. </s> <s>Quod etiam tale eſt, vt cauſſa remota priuetur aliquo attri<lb></lb>buto, id item <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> habet eius attributi ſimpliciter à ſeipſo diuerſam. </s> <s>aliter remota cauſſa permane<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5269"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re poſſet effectus. </s> <s>Sed ſi cogitatione Deum ſeuoces à cęlo; quæro, num'ne cœlum moueatur: ſi <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan> <lb></lb>adhuc; fruſtra igitur cęlo mens adeſt: ſi minus: ergo motus cęli per ſe caducus eſt, & à Deo perpetuus <lb></lb>efficitur. </s> <s>Prætereà quòd per accidens ineſt, externum, & alienum eſt, ac cœlo præſertim cui nihil præ<lb></lb>ter naturam euenire <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: at cauſſa quæ ducitur à ſubiecto in accidentibus reponenda eſt: proptereà quae <lb></lb>oppoſitorum eædem ſolent eſſe conditiones: nunc quod interit priuilegio ſubiecti, per accidens inte<lb></lb>rit: ergo à ſubiecto etiam per accidens conſeruatur. </s> <s>Verumenimuero primum ſic tolli <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, arbitror; ſi <lb></lb>dicatur, eam demonſtrationem quæ ducitur ab inſtanti non eſſe per <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> primam & præcipuam, ſed <lb></lb><expan abbr="demonſtrabilẽ">demonſtrabilem</expan> & <expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> ſolùm: nam reſolui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> adhuc medium illud in alia priora; nempe in mo<lb></lb>bile: hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primum <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> inſtantis eſt: vnde extat <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> continuitatis in motu primùm, mox redun<lb></lb>dat in tempus: quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>à perpetuitate mobilis aliquando motus perpetuitatem inferebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>nam quae perpetuitas mobilis ex motus perpetuitate <expan abbr="cõcludatur">concludatur</expan>, id à notis nob. </s> <s>& à ſigno per actum eſt, <lb></lb>vt etiam quae ex inſtantis ingenio perpetuitas motus confirmetur; de cauſſa non agitur. </s> <s>Ad ſecundùm ita <lb></lb>dicimus quantum ſpectat ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan> quæ mente abſoluitur, & quae quies in cœlo cogitari valeat, <lb></lb>& initia poni motus illius, quemadmodum <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> fecit Ariſtoteles; <expan abbr="pariq́">parique</expan>. </s> <s>via motus à cauſſa mo<lb></lb>uente ſeparari, quatenus ea cauſſa externa eſt, quia quicquid in prima ſui notione cauſsis internis, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5270"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conſtituentibus eſt <expan abbr="contentũ">contentum</expan>, immò ſola <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> formali, ſed quod ad rem ipſam pertinet. </s> <s>Neque Deus <lb></lb>ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quòd ille ſolus eſt ſimpliciter neceſſarius. </s> <s>Verùm quòd ex vi argumenti colligitur illud, & <lb></lb>hypotheſis eò tendit, vt cęli nimirùm perpetuitatem ab alio proficiſci doceatur ſic, vt niſi ab eo naſce<lb></lb>retur, motus cęli foret terminatus. </s> <s>Ad argumenti <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſic reſpondeo primùm. </s> <s>quando in eo talis con<lb></lb>ſecutio comprehenditur ab alio mouetur: ergo perpetuitas ab alio deriuatur: id non conſequi. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>fieri poſsit, vt perpetuò moueatur ab alio, & duorum <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> præſentiam ſubiecti .ſ. </s> <s>& efficientis <lb></lb>perpetuò requirat. </s> <s>quo fit, vt hæc non pugnent ab alio, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>perpetuò proficiſci. </s> <s>Verùm fac Deum ex <lb></lb>hypotheſi abeſſe, dico planè motum <expan abbr="ceſſaturũ">ceſſaturum</expan>, non ſecus ac docuerit Ariſt. </s> <s>in Eudemiis, <expan abbr="cõmotis">commotis</expan> prin<lb></lb>cipiis mathematicis, item ea <expan abbr="cõmotum">commotum</expan> iri quę <expan abbr="ſequũtur">ſequuntur</expan> ex ipſis. </s> <s>tu infers, ergo perpetuatur ab alio. </s> <s>mi<lb></lb>nimè verò, ſed vitium ſubeſt in <expan abbr="argumẽto">argumento</expan>, quae id quod verum eſt ex neceſsitate hypotheſeos, tu accipis, <lb></lb>ac ſi verum ſimpliciter fuerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi Deus eſſet contingens, & motus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſimiliter, & tum mo<lb></lb>tus aut deficeret, aut ſi perpetuaretur; ab alio perpetuus fieret, nunc quia cauſſa neceſſaria, effectus <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> conſimilis conſequatur neceſſe eſt qui <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ab alio ſit, ſed eiuſmodi perpetuò exiſtat: non quia, <lb></lb>cùm per ſe caducum ſit, <expan abbr="immortalitatẽ">immortalitatem</expan> ab alio conſequatur, & <expan abbr="habilitatẽ">habilitatem</expan> amittat quam ad non eſſe ha<lb></lb>buerit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt dicam expeditius; duplex in argumento vitium ſubeſt cum in antecedente, tum item <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5271"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in conſequente: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illud ex iis eſt in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> repugnantia continetur: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ſimpliciter, & primò <lb></lb>neceſſarium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllo modo tolli <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ne per <expan abbr="cogitationẽ">cogitationem</expan> quidem reliquis ſaluis: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quia non ſe<lb></lb>quitur ſine hoc non eſt; ergo eſt efficiens, & latet in <expan abbr="cõſequente">conſequente</expan> <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan> ſecundùm conſequens; vt ſiquis <lb></lb>putaret, quia rus prodeam, quae ibi <expan abbr="amicũ">amicum</expan> offendam, ac niſi ibi me eum offenſurum putarem, non prodi<lb></lb>rem; amicum eſſe efficientem <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> meæ profectionis. </s> <s>Non eſt ita, ea quidem finis eſt; efficiens verò <lb></lb>appetitus, aut mens actuoſa. </s> <s>Sit & nos defendimus Peripateticè Deum eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſum illa verba accipiemus de v. </s> <s>p. philoſophiæ <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">αἴτιον τοῦ ἀναγκαῖα εἷναι</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> ſcilicet, quae neceſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5272"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſaria ſint, <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> alicuius eſſe contingat, ſiue vt finem, ſeu quouis alio modo, <expan abbr="dũmodò">dummodò</expan> <lb></lb>non ſit cauſſa quæ ipſum promoueat de poteſtate neceſſariò ad actu neceſſarium: ſiquidem, vt mox <lb></lb>adſcribit Ariſtoteles, ita neceſſarium ſimplex eſt, nec aliter ſe habere contingit: caret <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> potentia; pro<lb></lb>ptereà non poteſt quod <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> eſt, ab alio <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficiente fieri neceſſarium. </s> <s>Quod ad tertium per<lb></lb>tinet; per accidens ibi <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> ſumptum. </s> <s>pro eo .ſ. </s> <s>quod eſt non per ſe primò. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corrumpitur ac<lb></lb>cidens, vt <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> habeat ſuæ corruptionis, quæ tamen ab eius natura diſtinguatur. </s> <s>quae igitur in<lb></lb>terna cauſſa, ſed ab accidentis natura diuerſa, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> alia reputatur, & ipſi tribuitur, accidens <expan abbr="perhibet̃">perhibetur</expan>: <lb></lb>eodem modo de conſeruatione dicendum eſt. </s> <s>Quibus ſtantibus generatim aſſeuerare licebit, nihil eſ<lb></lb>ſe, quod vnà caducum <expan abbr="perpetuumq́">perpetuumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, ſed toto genere ſeparari. </s> <s>ſic genere diſtinguuntur, quod fieri <pb pagenum="921"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5273"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poteſt & quod non poteſt: ex quo etiam cepit Ariſt. </s> <s>occaſionem incuſandi Platonem, quod attinet ad <lb></lb>Ideas, quia .ſ. </s> <s>idem homo ſimul æternus & mortalis eſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> & ex Ariſt. </s> <s>noſtri decretis ſubuenit <lb></lb>quo fundamentum eius argumenti demoliri poſſe videamur. </s> <s>cùm & ipſe, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> abſurdum obiiciat id <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſtantiſsimè defendit: dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſas ſcientiæ, & ignorationis aſsignaret, ſtatuebat <expan abbr="ſciẽtiam">ſcientiam</expan> <lb></lb>rerum eſſe ex forma, ignorantiam verò ex materia: quoniam forma permaneret; materia verò <expan abbr="laberet̃">laberetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Videtur ergo concedere Ariſt. </s> <s>idem æternum eſſe, & caducum: æternum quidem per formam, cadu<lb></lb>cum verò per materiam. </s> <s>idem quoque teſtatus fuerat, cùm doceret in incremento idem ſupereſſe in<lb></lb>diuiduum ab ortu <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad interitum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> pro materia variabatur ſecundùm formam permanebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>An apud Platonem <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> erat eſſentia per quam homo eſt, & hic homo, & perpetuum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mortalis: <lb></lb>idea nimirùm: at apud Ariſt. </s> <s>alia ratio eſt per quam Socrates eſt, & mortalis, & alia per quam eſt ho<lb></lb>mo ſimpliciter, & æternus, ideò falsò concluditur, idem fore ſimul perpetuum, & caducum. </s> <s>AEeternum <lb></lb>item aut ſecundùm rem eſt, vt Deus & cœlum, aut ſecundùm rationem, vt eſſentia, cùm à conditionib. <lb></lb></s> <s>& vinculis ſegregatur materia ſenſilis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> homo perpetuus, quae nullis indiuidui conditionibus eſt ob<lb></lb>noxius, ſed eſt ita in mente, forma verò in incremento vt maneat, & quæ materia diffluat olim oſten<lb></lb>ſum eſt; illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diffluebat quæ pars eſſentiæ non erat. </s> <s>Hæc igitur ambiguitas æternitatis efficit, vt vnà <lb></lb>ſint perpetuum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mortale; verùm in noſtro theoremate perpetuitas ſecundùm rem ſumitur quam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5274"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſanè cum mortalitate conſiſtere negamus. </s> <s>Atqui protinus obiicies, ſi motus eſt æternus per ſe, omne <lb></lb>verò per ſe æternum caret efficiente: nullum igitur efficiens motus cœleſtis erit quærendum. </s> <s>An æter<lb></lb>ni per ſe, cuius eſſe ſit permanens, efficiens inquirendum non eſt; noſter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motus in ſucceſsione po<lb></lb>ſitus eſt: quare cùm habeat aliquid quod non ſit, veſtigatur eius efficiens. </s> <s>Ergo ad Themiſtij dubita<lb></lb>tiones. </s> <s>Succeſsiuum corrumpitur: igitur ab alio perpetuum fit: concederem profectò, ſi ex toto cor<lb></lb>rumperetur; at ſemper eius aliqua pars manet. </s> <s>Quòd opponis certas periodos motus cœleſtis, nego in <lb></lb>cœlo quietem eſſe ſimpliciter, ſicuti nego ibi eſſe terminum ad quem ſeparatum à termino à quo. </s> <s>ideò <lb></lb>quietem do ad hoc, & illud punctum ſolùm, non abſolutam. </s> <s>Dico etiam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> quæ petitur à ſubie<lb></lb>cto, <expan abbr="internã">internam</expan> eſſe motui, & <expan abbr="eſsẽtialem">eſsentialem</expan>, non <expan abbr="externã">externam</expan> & accidens, niſi <foreign lang="grc">κατὰ φαντασίαν</foreign>, & ad opinionem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm igitur id quod gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & corrumpi poteſtatem ſignificent, <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ordine commutato; quandò <lb></lb>quod gigni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nondum ſit: verùm poſthac eſſe potuerit, caducum non fuerit ante, ſed nunc ſit, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>per ſe infinita ſit, & pariter eſſe, & non eſſe reſpiciat: quamobrem id quod eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, poteſt eadem <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>non eſſe, & viciſsim, & quatenus eſſe poteſt, poteſt etiam gigni; quatenus autem non eſſe, corrumpi: <lb></lb>planum, quae quicquid generari poteſt, poteſt item corrumpi, & contrà quicquid corruptioni obnoxium <lb></lb>eſt, genitum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fuiſſe oportet. </s> <s>Quòd ſi vera ſunt ea quæ de conſecutionibus conſtituta ſunt in li<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5275"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bello de enunciatione: credere item oportet his oppoſitos terminos, ingenitum, & incorruptibile com<lb></lb>meare. </s> <s>Quod etiam confirmari poteſt, cùm <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> oppoſita definitam habeant poteſtatem quę am<lb></lb>bigua ſit, & ſimpliciter cum actu coniuncta.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5264"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5265"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5266"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5267"></margin.target>a 2. ad <gap></gap>ud, <lb></lb>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5268"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5269"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5270"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5271"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5272"></margin.target>a T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5273"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5274"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5275"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggredimur explicationem quæstionis illius, ſit'ne mundus vnus, an plures. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI cœlum interire, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>gigni non poteſt; planum, quae non niſi vnum hoc eſſe valet: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per <lb></lb>noui <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> ſucceſsionem reparabitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plura extabunt ſolo numero differentia; <expan abbr="conſimileq́">conſimileque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>iudicium de mundo fieri debet. </s> <s>Nam ex eo, quae cęlum hoc perpetuum eſt; mundum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perpetuum <lb></lb>fore oportet: cùm id quod, vt indiuiduum in ſublimi conſeruatur, motu ſuo continuo iuges <expan abbr="cõtrario-rum">contrario<lb></lb>rum</expan> ſucceſsiones efficiens noſtratium <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> corporum vniuerſitates reddat æternas. </s> <s>Hoc quidem <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <lb></lb>machina, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſolertia extructum eſt ab Ariſtotele, & rationibus cum rectis, tum etiam deducentibus <lb></lb>ad id quod fieri nequit, approbatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oppoſitum funditùs euerſum, & ita <expan abbr="confirmatũ">confirmatum</expan> hoc decre<lb></lb>tum, vt optimi Theologi propter repugnantiam quam affert multitudo mundorum; id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Deo ne<lb></lb>gatum eſſe fateantur, vt fruſtra in hoc opera noſtra, <expan abbr="ſtudiumq́">ſtudiumque</expan>. </s> <s>ponatur. </s> <s>Sed conſilium <expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan> eſt nunc <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5276"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>earum rationum elementa nonnulla euoluere, & alia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> aliunde petita ſubiicere quibus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> mun<lb></lb>dum eſſe credamus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſiqui ſunt alij mundi ab hoc ipſo ſecreti, aut ambiguè ſunt, aut vniuocè: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ambiguos <expan abbr="quosdã">quosdam</expan> alios eſſe nullum ſuccurrit <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> quo perſuadeatur. </s> <s>Etenim ſi ſenſilis eſt hîc mun<lb></lb>dus, aut his ſenſibus qui nunc adſunt, ſeſe prodit, aut requiruntur alij ſenſus: ſi hi ſufficiunt quos <lb></lb>nunc animal habet; vniuocus ille ſit neceſſe eſt, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt aliorum ſenſilium, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eorum quæ in hoc <lb></lb>mundo ſub ſenſum cadunt: nam viſus eſt lucis & colorum; ſoni auditus, odoris olfactus, ſaporum <lb></lb>guſtatus, tactus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primarum qualitatum: ibi igitur & primas qualitates adeſſe opus eſt, & ſapores, <lb></lb>odores, ſonos, colores, ac lucem, ſi ſenſilis futurus ſit; quae ſi flagitet alios ſenſus, quínam, obſecrò ſenſus? <lb></lb></s> <s>vnde nobis alios eſſe patuit? </s> <s>certè non aliunde, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex obiectis. </s> <s>atqui nobis hactenus nulla ſubueniunt <lb></lb>prætereà quæ in hoſce noſtros cadunt, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> aliud ſenſuum, hominumúe genus eſſe arbitrari oportet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quàm verò <expan abbr="temerariũ">temerarium</expan> ſit hæc aſſeuerare viderit ipſe Democritus. </s> <s>Aut his igitur ſenſibus ſeſe obiiciet, <lb></lb>aut nullus erit ſenſus eius. </s> <s>Verùm ſi ſenſui non exponitur; multò ergo minus ipſi menti; prius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſen<lb></lb>ſuum fores pulſet oportet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tangat mentem. </s> <s>Quare non ambiguè mundus erit alius ab hoc. </s> <s>Reſtat <lb></lb>ergo, vt ſi plures ſint, à nobis vniuoci ſtatuantur. </s> <s>Tametſi non erat, quòd in hoc laboraremus diutius, <lb></lb>cùm Democritus & Leucippus, qui <expan abbr="mundorũ">mundorum</expan> <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan> commenti ſunt, vniuocos <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſſe voluerint <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & vt M. Tullij verbis vtar; ſic inter ſe non ſolùm ſimiles eſſe, ſed <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> perfectè, & abſolutè, & ita <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5277"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pares, vt inter eos nihil prorſus interſit. </s> <s>Cùm ita ſit, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> igitur corpora vniuoca ſunt, & mo <pb pagenum="922"></pb>tus erunt vniuoci qui ex eiſdem naturis emanabunt, & termini <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> conſimiles: quapropter erunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5278"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>omnes hi <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> plures vniuerſitatis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> partes, quæ omnes parem propenſionem ad vnum <expan abbr="eundemq́">eundemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ad numerum, finem, <expan abbr="terminumq́ue">terminumque</expan> obtinebunt; veluti ad centrum hoc noſtrum variæ glebæ telluris. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ita illa conſequentur quæ à motibus induxit Ariſtoteles: quæ cùm abſurda ſint, immo fieri nequeant; <lb></lb>ex conſimilibus principiis oriantur neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Adiecit item Ariſt. </s> <s>ad hanc <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> duas demonſtratio<lb></lb>nes, <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæ petitur à natura materiæ, atque <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæ ducitur à natura formæ. </s> <s>Prima ſic ſtruitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod conſtat ex vniuerſa ſua materia indiſſolubiliter, ideſt vnum numero. </s> <s>Cęlum, ſiue mundus ex <lb></lb>tota ſua materia conſtat indiſſolubiliter. </s> <s>Ergo & vnus, qui ex vniuerſa ſua materia conſtet, nec ea quę <lb></lb>ſit vna ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> ſolùm, ſed ad ſpeciem quoque: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> extra eſt, & ex ea <expan abbr="cõflatus">conflatus</expan> eſt indiſſolubiliter; <lb></lb>quippe quòd perpetuus ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> periculum imminet, ne vno plures ſint actu, vel poteſtate, quae in cęlo <lb></lb>ſit aliud eſſe ab <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>; quandò illis hoc accidit quæ vel plura iam ſint; vel plura <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> eſſe queant, quia <lb></lb>ſpecies vniuerſam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> non informet, aut non indiſſolubiliter. </s> <s>Quanuis autem variari poſsint eius <lb></lb>partes, vt <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> apud nos; vnde ſuſpiceris aut ipſum non eſſe indiſſolubilem, aut cum <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> viciſsi<lb></lb>tudine mutari, nec eandem <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſeruare, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> timendum eſt. </s> <s>Nam partes ſecundùm <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>permanent; variantur ſolummodò propter materiam: cùm verò totum in forma poſitum ſit, variatis <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> materię partib. conſeruatur; non ſecus àc variatis aſſeribus; ſalua <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> figura eadem proræ, puppis, & <lb></lb>carinę triremis ipſa permaneat: aſſeres <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> reſpiciunt; carina verò, & puppis <expan abbr="pertinẽt">pertinent</expan> ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5279"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hinc eſt ad <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> progreſſus Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Verùm non defuerunt alij complures, qui varias vias atten<lb></lb>tarint, vnde effici poſſet vnum eſſe vniuerſum: velut Auerroës qui quae vnus ſit mundus ex eius natura <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſtare">conſtare</expan> perſuaſerit, hoc modo. </s> <s>Nam qui dicit mundum; neceſſariò <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> compoſitum ſignificat ex <lb></lb>hiſce corporibus quæ inter ſeſe reſpiciunt, & quaſi nodo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> indiſſolubili connexa ſunt: nexus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>hic eſt, vt cùm duplex ſit vniuerſi terminus, extremus vnus, medius alter; medius propter <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> ſit, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> viciſsim propter medium, qui nexus cùm inter alia quæ forent extrà, non obſeruaretur; effi<lb></lb>citur, vt vnus hic ſit mundus, non aliundè aptus, & totus in ſe ipſo manens. </s> <s>Hæc Auerroës ipſe, quæ <lb></lb>tametſi vera ſunt; nihilominus per ſe ipſa perſpicua non habentur. </s> <s>Cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquàm ego, non eſt alius <lb></lb>mundus extra hunc in quo partes <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vinculis eiſdem inter ſe aptę <expan abbr="colligatęq́">colligatęque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint? </s> <s>Et in hoc, mea qui<lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, peccatur in regulas dialecticas, quemadmodum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ab ipſo peccatum eſt in explicatione il<lb></lb>lius inductionis, ex qua ſcientiæ principia colliguntur. </s> <s>Nam putat ipſe ex ſolius attributi inhæſione <lb></lb>concluſionem inductionis inferri; cùm tamen ex eo <expan abbr="cõpleatur">compleatur</expan> inductio, vt inſit huic, & vt nil aliud ſit, <lb></lb>quod aliter ſe habeat; deinde nos reddi certiores de neceſsitate propoſitionis, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> nouerimus <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ineſ<lb></lb>ſe; cùm tamen quod eſt inhęſurum neceſſariò, prius <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> inſit oportet, & hoc ordine cognoſcatur à nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>Illud ergo ſcire oportebat alia corpora non extare quæ ſe haberent, quemadmodum noſtratia, neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5280"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inter hæc & illa exiſtere <expan abbr="connexionẽ">connexionem</expan> eam quam prædicat. </s> <s>Dicet ipſe forſan, quae omni inſit, nonmodò <lb></lb>ex <expan abbr="indiuiduorũ">indiuiduorum</expan> vniuerſitate comprehendi, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> perpetuitate temporis. </s> <s>nunc in hoc mundo obſer<lb></lb>uatum eſt nullum talem eſſe <expan abbr="nexũ">nexum</expan>, præterquam inter hæc corpora è quibus noſter hic mundus eſt con<lb></lb>ſtitutus. </s> <s>Optimè ſanè, ſed hoc fuit vſurpare <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> rationem Ariſt. </s> <s>quæ ſumitur à propenſione partium <lb></lb>mundi. </s> <s>Hoc igitur conficiendum fuit, eo verò peracto, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> conſequens inferendum eſt id quod <expan abbr="pro-nũciauit">pro<lb></lb>nunciauit</expan> Auerroës, quo ſanè eruditiſsimè indicatus ordo vniuerſi: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> extremum eſt propter <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, <lb></lb>& contra medium propter extremum. </s> <s>Quanquàm vt id ſe habeat non expreſſum. </s> <s>Sed redige in <expan abbr="me-moriã">me<lb></lb>moriam</expan> eam vocem [propter] à qua duplex ordo ſignificatur: alter quidem vt ſuperioris ad inferio<lb></lb>ra, vt ab illo bonum in alia redundet, vt ſit quia illa ſint, ac niſi illud ſit, nihil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> futura ſint reliqua, <lb></lb>vt de fine dicitur ad ea quæ ſunt ad finem: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſecundò [propter] eſt quòd cauſſæ acceptum refertur, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5281"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pluit propter notos, eo quòd noti ſunt cauſſa pluuiæ: ſic ea ſunt quæ inſtituuntur ad finem, quia ſunt <lb></lb>gratia finis: prior ille ordo eſt extremi ad medium: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> medium extaret, niſi foret extremum; <lb></lb>alter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> medij ad extremum, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poſsit extremum in orbem moueri medium ſit neceſſe eſt: etenim <lb></lb>motui illius inſeruit permanens & ſuſtinens in ſe ipſo propemodum <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> corporis cęleſtis, vt circum <lb></lb>illud volui poſsit. </s> <s>Nam ſi terminus conuerſionis perhibetur, ex termino verò arguitur præſtantia; at <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5282"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terminus ſimpliciter non eſt, ſed vt ſine quo terminus eius motus non exiſtat: etenim meminiſti pun<lb></lb>ctum in cęlo deſignari à quo ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> linea ducatur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> perfectionis <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> non habet ad cę<lb></lb>lum: multò minus terra, quippe quæ ſit terminus, aut inſtrumentum motus cęleſtis per accidens. </s> <s>pro<lb></lb>ptereà verendum non eſt, ne terræ quies ſit natura prior motu cęleſti, licet ſit neceſſaria: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt ne<lb></lb>ceſſaria per accidens, & cùm ſit alterius gratia, natura <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſterior eſt. </s> <s>Niſi etiam ſic dicamus me<lb></lb>dium ad cęlum dupliciter ſe habere, vel in eo ordine quòd ſit, vel vt eſt principium quoddam motus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc ſanè modo ad motum cęli perfectius quid eſſe, ſi verò eſſentiæ conferantur; centrum <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maxi<lb></lb>mè cedere, cùm ſit, vt cęlum ſuo munere fungi valeat. </s> <s>Aliam <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> Proclus ingreſſus eſt, & ſequens au<lb></lb>ctoritatem Platonis ſtatuit <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> ſingularem, <expan abbr="vnigenamq́">vnigenamque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe, quòd vnum .ſ. </s> <s>eius foret exemplum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed apud Ariſt. <foreign lang="grc">δημιουργία</foreign> nulla, neque vlla Idęarum ratio, vt intelligatur poſteà, ſine quibus non eſt <lb></lb>exemplum. </s> <s>Dogma igitur auctori ſuo relinquatur. </s> <s>Ex eo item, quòd vna ſit eius forma, vnum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>mundúm eſſe concluditur: nam ſi plures mundi ponerentur, eſſet ea forma diuidua: concreta igitur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corporea quæ tamen ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> materia ſeparata ſit. </s> <s>Verùm quid hoc? </s> <s>Forma ſeparata vna eſt, ergóne <lb></lb>& id quod ab ea forma proficiſcitur, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> exiſtimandum? </s> <s>Minimè verò: nam & faber vti poteſt plu<lb></lb>ribus inſtrumentis ſolo numero differentib. & eſto quòd Deus moueat, vt finis, etiam vnum à plurib. <lb></lb>æquè amari poteſt. </s> <s>An'ne (vt ex materia <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> petam) hic eſt naturæ progreſſus, vt in omnibus iis in <pb pagenum="923"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5283"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quib. inſtrumenti <expan abbr="finiſq́">finiſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> continetur, <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> per ſe vni muneri deſtinatum ſit, & ad vnum <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> accom<lb></lb>modatum, aliter abuſus habeatur vel inopia naturæ, vt cùm lingua & pulmone vtimur ad loquelam; <lb></lb>cùm cęteroqui pulmo ad reſpirationem, & lingua ad guſtatum inſtituta fuerint. </s> <s>Cùm ergo forma illa <lb></lb>incorporea ſit vna: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> res melius gubernantur; vnum erit <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, quod illum finem proximè <lb></lb>& per ſe attinget: mundus verò inſtrumentum Dei: quippe quòd per ipſum Deus effundat omnem <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> bonitatem, <expan abbr="citraq́">citraque</expan>. </s> <s>inuidiam pro <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei captu <expan abbr="cõmunicet">communicet</expan> affatim; <expan abbr="perq́">perque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſum cuncta perfectio<lb></lb>nem ſibi conuenientem aſſequantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò eſt, quòd abuſum in eo timeamus; quandò id non ſine <lb></lb>macula beatitudinis eius, cuius <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan> eſt, euenire poſsit, quam ſanè nullam in mentem <expan abbr="ſupremã">ſupremam</expan> <lb></lb>cadere veriſimile eſt: quaſi verò deſit inſtrumentum quo munus ſuum optimè ſit factura, & qui abu<lb></lb>ſus in parte <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem minima, admittitur à natura, propter aliquod vitium, vel inſtrumen<lb></lb>ti <expan abbr="inopiã">inopiam</expan>, ſeu repugnantiam, prorſus toti denegari debet; ſiquidem arguat imperfectionem quæ certè <lb></lb>ad corpus quod vnum ſit <expan abbr="futurũ">futurum</expan>, & totum, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectum, nullo modo pertinere poteſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> verò quae <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſuprema <expan abbr="perfectiſsimaq́">perfectiſsimaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, hoc <expan abbr="incõmodum">incommodum</expan> redundet, ſed ne tantum damnum <lb></lb>fiat in nob. </s> <s>qui eximiis voluptatibus careremus, dum tum egregia bona laterent, quæ aliis mundis be<lb></lb>nigniſsimè affluerent, & tantum nob. </s> <s>de diuinæ maieſtatis amplitudine ſubtraheretur. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ex <lb></lb>fine demonſtrare licebit, ſed de hoc poſtea. </s> <s>Non vtitur autem faber pluribus inſtrumentis numero <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5284"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differentibus ad idem officium, niſi per accidens, & fortuito; nil verò eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> in cęlo, nec multi vnum <lb></lb>amant pari gradu amoris, nec ſub <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> eiuſdem boni propter varietatem <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> quæ inſunt in re ama<lb></lb>bili & varietatem phantaſmatum quę inſunt in amantibus. </s> <s>Quare vbi idem ſit bonum quod in Deo <lb></lb>eſt, idem cum eſſentia, vbi etiam ſit vna <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> concipiendi illud <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, ſicut eſt in mente ſeparata à ſenſu, <lb></lb>quod eſt in cœlo; profectò neceſſe eſt vnum ſit quod amet primò <expan abbr="illiq́">illique</expan>. </s> <s>primò ſeruiat, non plura; quan<lb></lb>quàm de his diligentius infrà. </s> <s>Ab hac igitur forma actus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan>, & eſſentia <foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὕφεσιν</foreign>, & per gradus <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> propemodum inſenſiles deriuatur <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad non ens, nequid vacui relinquatur in quo & ex quo <lb></lb>gradus omnes <expan abbr="parteſq́">parteſque</expan>. </s> <s>bonitatis eluceant, quę ſanè plures ſunt; licet treis earum differentias Plato re<lb></lb>citauerit, <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> immobilium, per ſe <expan abbr="mobiliũ">mobilium</expan>, & quæ mouentur ab alio. </s> <s>Nos diligentius ſic expo<lb></lb>nimus, <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> ſimpliciter qui <expan abbr="cõprehendit">comprehendit</expan> Deum, <expan abbr="menteſq́">menteſque</expan>. </s> <s>beatas, actum in materia qui formarum eſt, <lb></lb>actu corpus quod eſt cœlum, <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ex materia & forma, potentiam, ſiue materiam, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> priua<lb></lb>tionem. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> actus cum ſpeciales, tum ſingulares, vbi neceſſarij ſint, ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> in mun<lb></lb>do deprehendantur, quòd ſi ſingulares non neceſſarij fuerint, ſine illis conſiſtere queat mundus, cùm <lb></lb>ab iis perfectio nulla, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> naſcatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> enim perfectio à ſpecie ipſa deducitur: perfectus igi<lb></lb>tur; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vnus. </s> <s>Adde quòd tendere ad vnum, vel philoſopho <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> approbante, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſt tendere ad per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5285"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="fectionẽ">fectionem</expan> ad quam pro virili res <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> adſpirant. </s> <s>Hoc ergo pacto id quod per cauſſas quæ materiæ locum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5286"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obtinerent, oſtenſum fuerat in phyſicis in <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> potiſsimam, quæ finis eſt, in prima philoſophia reſol<lb></lb>uitur, & quod, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à ſigno concluſum fuerat in phyſicis, per cauſſas abſolutas à primo philoſopho <lb></lb>poſteà peragi poteſt. </s> <s>Hæc eſt illa demonſtratio quæ ſignificatur à philoſopho 1. de Cęlo cuius duę <lb></lb>ſunt partes: altera quæ expoſita eſt 8. Phyſ. & paullò ante à nobis indicata; altera verò quæ deſumpta <lb></lb>eſt ex prima philoſophia. </s> <s>Quanquam potuit illud afferre difficultatem eo loci depromi rationes ex <lb></lb>prima philoſophia, <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>præſertim quæ ad mundi <expan abbr="vnitatẽ">vnitatem</expan> <expan abbr="confirmandã">confirmandam</expan> pertineant, cùm quòd ea phi<lb></lb>loſophia ſit ordine doctrinæ poſterior naturali, tum etiam quòd ea quę inibi afferuntur, noſtram hanc <lb></lb>demonſtrationem flagitent. </s> <s>Quare mirùm profectò ſit, vt ſi in ea methodo petantur ex noſtra; hæc <lb></lb>aliunde accerſat id quod <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> ſuum eſt, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>præſertim quòd idem 8. Phyſ. proximè <expan abbr="confectũ">confectum</expan> fue<lb></lb>rit; quinimmo tametſi in prima philoſophia talis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> concluditur; nihilominus à plurimis Ariſt. </s> <s>inter<lb></lb>prętib. planè phyſica perhibetur. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem quòd aliquando Ariſt. </s> <s>immò ad idem ferè <expan abbr="propoſitũ">propoſitum</expan> <lb></lb>citat ſub eo titulo libros phyſ. </s> <s>quemadmodum etiam <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> 1. de cęlo ſub <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> primorum ſermonum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm (niſi fallor) id 8. Phyſ. non præſtatur abundè; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vniuersè vnam eſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, ſed huius <lb></lb>mundi vnam. </s> <s>Quapropter ex eo ſequeretur, ſi plures eſſent mundi, vt in ſingulis eſſent ſinguli moto<lb></lb>res primi, non <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> vnus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> illo oſtenſo, quòd formę quæ ſunt in materia, multiplicantur, efficitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5287"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnum eſſe id quod à materia <expan abbr="ſecretũ">ſecretum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>eſſe <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eam demonſtrationem primi philoſophi propriam, <lb></lb>tametſi nouit phyſicus extentam eſſe <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & proinde partibilem, ſignificat nobis problema cuius <lb></lb>prædicatum vnum & multa eſt de prima philoſophia, necnon medium quod eſt conditio formæ ſepa<lb></lb>ratæ quæ item propriè pertinet ad primum philoſophum. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de eo quòd phyſica ſint <lb></lb>illa quæ à primo philoſopho vſurpata ſunt ibi, nos olim diximus ea quæ viderentur. </s> <s>quod verò perti<lb></lb>net ad perturbationem ordinis ſcientiarum, & methodorum; memento tres fuiſſe rationes citandi li<lb></lb>bros ab Ariſtotele, vel ſecundùm doctrinæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan>, ſicuti cùm dictum eſt ab ipſo in primis ſermonibus <lb></lb>vel naturæ, vt fortè factum eſt 12. primæ philoſophiæ T. 17. cùm profitetur ſe de mentis immortalita<lb></lb>te tractaturum, quod à phyſico <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> confectum <expan abbr="ſupponit̃">ſupponitur</expan> ordine doctrinæ; <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> etiam ſufficit nulla <lb></lb>habita <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ordinis citare libros ex re tractata, vt cùm in lib. <foreign lang="grc">περὶ ἑρμ</foreign>. </s> <s>Elenchi citantur. </s> <s>Hæ ſunt de<lb></lb>monſtrationes quibus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe cœlum ab Ariſt. </s> <s>concluſum eſt, quæ certè progrediuntur ex primis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>notiſsimis proximè, vel remotè, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ex demonſtratis, non autem ex obſcuris, & quæ demonſtrari <lb></lb>queant, velut illę quas Iandunus, & alij quidam ineptè occuparunt.</s></p> <pb pagenum="924"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5276"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5277"></margin.target>a Luc. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>1. de Fin.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5278"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5279"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5280"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5281"></margin.target>a Auer. <lb></lb></s> <s>diſp. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5282"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5283"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5284"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5285"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5286"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5287"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæruntur nonnulla quæ ad vniuerſi perfectionem ſpectant. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5288"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5288"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED cùm hæc ratio vim perfectionis attingat (vniuerſum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectum) & illius ſpecta<lb></lb>tio nonmodò ad primum philoſophum pertineat, ſed etiam philoſophus naturalis de mundi per<lb></lb>fectione diſſerat, nec eius <expan abbr="decretũ">decretum</expan> controuerſia vacet; etiam nos hîc aliqua de illius perfectione ſcru<lb></lb>tari conſtituimus, ac primùm libet monere <expan abbr="lectorẽ">lectorem</expan>, quòd ſiquis velit <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> diſcrimen aſſequi quod extar <lb></lb>inter <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> progreſſum, facilè noſcet diuerſa genera perfectionis <expan abbr="vtroſq.">vtroſque</expan> philoſophos fuiſſe perſecu<lb></lb>tos. </s> <s>Nam cùm mundus, totum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectum ſit duplex, vel quatenus <expan abbr="cõplectitur">complectitur</expan> magnitudines ſolas, <lb></lb>vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſpecies omnes, ſiue exceptis ſubſtantiis incorporeis, & à materia ſecretis, ſiue etiam vniuerſa à <lb></lb>Deo <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <expan abbr="infimũ">infimum</expan> genus eorum quæ ſunt, comprehendat: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> refert, quòd <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="perfectumq́">perfectumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſumatur; non immutatur <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> quæſtionis: in 1. de cęlo <expan abbr="mũdum">mundum</expan> veluti corpus acceptum <lb></lb>fuiſſe dicimus, & primum perfectionis genus de ipſo demonſtratum: alterum perfecti ſignificatum; <lb></lb>tametſi ab Ariſtotele & veteribus Peripateticis prætermiſſum; nihilominus à noſtris in dubium reuo<lb></lb>catum eſt. </s> <s>cùm verò ſpecies duorum generum contineret, alterum quidem quod materia concre<lb></lb>tum eſſet, atque alterum quod ab ea liberum foret, de vniuerſi perfectione propter illud primum re<lb></lb>rum genus exortam fuiſſe controuerſiam video; non ob aliud, opinor, quàm quòd cùm proximum <lb></lb>Deo ſit, alterum genus omnem plenitudinem cuius eſſet capax, adeptum ſit; materię cuncta vitia reli<arrow.to.target n="marg5289"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>querit: attamen & eadem dubitatio vniuerſitatem rerum attingit, & ad illa entia quoque pertinere <lb></lb>poteſt. </s> <s>Itaque cùm hæc contemplatio ſuperet ambitum methodi naturalis; etiam à nob. </s> <s>non ſine ha<lb></lb>bitu primi philoſophi tranſigetur. </s> <s>Eius quæſtionis plura ſunt capita. </s> <s>Cùm enim perfectum ſit in <lb></lb>quo nil redundat, & cui nil deſit, omnes in eo ſpecies eſſe oportet; ita vt nec vlla deficiat, neque alia <lb></lb>quæquam addi valeat, & nil <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> mali contineat. </s> <s>Sed alias multas accedere iugiter experientia do<lb></lb>cet, & hiſtoriæ teſtantur aliquas etiam non eſſe ſuperſtites, <expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>aliæ plures exiſtere poſſe videantur; <lb></lb>quæſitum eſt item, an hic proceſſus tendat in immenſum, an terminis quibuſdam concludatur. </s> <s>nam ſi <lb></lb>infinitum protinus imperfectum, proinde nobis hæc ſeorſum exploranda relinquuntur. </s> <s>Sed monſtra <lb></lb>eſſe perſpicimus quæ ſunt mala, & ſpecies aliquas, non exiſtere quæ olim fuerint, ij qui de animalibus <lb></lb>conſcripſere, liberè profitentur; ſiquidem hyppopotamum nullum eſſe doceant quem antiquitas ipſa <lb></lb>nouerit, & longè alium eſſe qui his temporibus reperitur; necnon de lapide porphyrite meminerunt <lb></lb>quem aiunt <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad quædam <expan abbr="tẽpora">tempora</expan> permanſiſſe, nec hodie amplius extare: ac multas item eſſe patet <lb></lb>quæ certis <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> interuallis intereant, atque renaſcantur, vt flores, & fructus. </s> <s>Quin etiam multa ſunt <lb></lb>quæ mox producentur, vt <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ex variorum animalium miſtione propagantur: nam teſte Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſemper aliquid Aphrica apportat noui. </s> <s>immo etiam ſpontè variæ admodùm ſpecies progignuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5290"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Et artes chymice, & agricultura ſuppeditarit nob. </s> <s>multas ſpecies rerum quæ nuſquam compertæ fue<lb></lb>runt. </s> <s>& illę etiam tum à nobis, tum à natura in infinitum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> multiplicari videntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt ea ſola <lb></lb>ſumam quæ in aquis progignuntur (humor enim facillimè perturbatur, & varias ſpecies accipit <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>) <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5291"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæc innumera eſſe earum rerum peritiſsimi teſtantur, ita enim ſcribit Oppianus <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5292"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5289"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5290"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5291"></margin.target>a 3. de Ge. <lb></lb>Anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5292"></margin.target>b Halecut.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Innumeræ pelago gentes voluuntur in imo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nantes, quæ numerum vincunt, ſunt abdita nobis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Plurima monſtra maris. </s> <s>quis poſſet nomina verſu</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Edere è quis ponti metus? </s> <s>quis nomina dicet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ter denas ad ſummum vlnas nouere ſub vndis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Mortales, ſed multa latent immenſa profundi</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aequora: ſub vasto ſpirant tot gurgite piſces<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alma parens tellus non agmina plura ferarum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec maiora tulit. </s> <s>quàm vaſtus in æquore pontus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Norunt celicolę numerum penſare natantum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Terreſtreſq́">Terreſtreſque</expan>. </s> <s>acies, an partes æquet <expan abbr="vtraſq́">vtraſque</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5293"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5293"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Si etiam numeri ſecum ſpecie differunt; tolli non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quin mundus ſit imperfectus, quia numerorum <lb></lb>ſpecies augeſcere poſſunt in infinitum, quibus tamen caret mundus. </s> <s>Poſtremo quæritur, ſi à Deo per<lb></lb>manat in <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> vniuerſa perfectio, quo pacto: mundus ipſe mentis ope Deo ſeuocato, obtinet ali<lb></lb>quam perfectionem, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi à ferro arceas ignim, remanet frigidum; ſic etiam mundus amoto Deo re<lb></lb>manebit imperfectus. </s> <s>Prętereà ſi perfectio rebus ipſis extra Deum tribui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; non igitur ille perfectiſ<lb></lb>ſimus: nam ſicut albi acceſsione fit albius; ſic etiam Deus, ſi mundus accedat, qui perfectus eſt, perfe<lb></lb>ctionem contrahet ampliorem: aut ergo Deus imperfectus, aut aliquid perfectiſsimo perfectius dabi<lb></lb>tur, quod ne vix quidem cogitari, nedum eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Arbitror equidem ſpecies, aut ſecundùm naturam <lb></lb>eſſe, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>plurimum fiunt, & oriuntur ex cauſsis <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> neceſſarium inter ſe habentibus, vt prior .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſit gratia poſterioris, & ab eius virtute dirigatur; poſterior <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> emanet ex priore per <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> neceſsitatem <lb></lb>quam ex hypotheſi vocat Ariſtoteles, aut etiam fieri fortuitò, aut ab arte, & præter naturæ ordinem; <lb></lb>vel quòd orbata ſint & mutila, vel quòd oriantur ex incerta victoria materiæ, quæ more gigantum qui <lb></lb><expan abbr="pugnã">pugnam</expan> aduerſus Deos ſuſceperunt, contra præſtantiorem facultatem inſurgens ab optimo deſciuit; nec <lb></lb>id quod ſibi conueniens erat, aſſecuta, fracta & afflicta, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam præſtare potuit aliquid certi. </s> <s>Rur<lb></lb>ſus eſſe in natura, vel eſt eſſe actu, & perpetuum, vel eſt eſſe ſimpliciter, ideſt, vt aliquo <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> exiſtat <lb></lb>neceſſariò, cuiuſmodi ſunt illa quæ ad <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> ſpeciem inſtituta ſunt, ſine quibus ſanè ſpecies eſſe nequit; </s></p> <pb pagenum="925"></pb> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5294"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>veruntamen aliquando deficiunt, & ſunt certa <expan abbr="tẽpora">tempora</expan>, quibus exiſtunt. </s> <s>Prætereà ſpecies in natura, vel <lb></lb>primogeniæ ſunt, vel ex aliis <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> ducunt, vt ſunt notha & ſpuria, ſiue in animalium genere, ſiue plan<lb></lb>tarum. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſpecies eſſe poſſe cenſeo in hunc <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>, quòd vel ſpecies ipſę ſint, vt homo, & equus, <lb></lb>vel quòd ſint rerum gradus: ideſt facultates illę ſolùm quæ à cęteris ſeparatæ ſubſiſtere poſſunt, cuiuſ<lb></lb>modi ſunt inanima; plantæ quæ ſolùm ſentiunt quæ prætereà loco mouentur, & quæ ratiocinantur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hi rerum gradus primas ſpecies in <expan abbr="mũdo">mundo</expan> efficiunt ortum ducentes à formis, cęteræ ſpecies ex <lb></lb>differentiis naſci videntur, quas affert ipſa materies. </s> <s>Ego verò nec ſpecies omneis in mundo neceſſarias <lb></lb>eſſe credo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam ſi ſpecies abſolutæ ſint, vt de hyppopotamo, & porphyrite <expan abbr="cõſtitit">conſtitit</expan>; niſi ſint eiuſ<lb></lb>modi, vt cum eſſentiæ gradu ſpecies abſoluta conſiſtat, veluti <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> particeps: nam ratio flagitat vni<lb></lb>uerſa illa, in quibus humana eſſentia poſita eſt; itaque ſimul cum gradu vitæ ſpecies humana exiſtit. <lb></lb></s> <s>At verò cùm reliquę ſpecies ex materiæ varietate naſcantur; nihil aut parùm diſcriminis apportant, <lb></lb>& eiuſmodi quæ vix moueat ſenſum; ex quo item effici poſſe puto, vt aliquando plures eas eſſe non <lb></lb>inconueniat paruo momento variante natura: attamen minus ludere naturam in iis quas abſolutas eſ<lb></lb>ſe dicimus, & primogenias; mox in iis quæ illarum cauſſa inſtitutæ ſunt. </s> <s>nothis etiam ſine damno per<lb></lb>petuò mundum carere poſſe cenſeo. </s> <s>Nam quanuis habeant eæ quę nonnunquam interpellantur, id, vt <lb></lb>lateant in ſinu materiæ, & in virtute efficientis, at eæ quæ ad alias inſtitutæ ſunt, pendent planè à poten<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5295"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia naturali, & ordinata; latius eſt in nothis potentiæ ſignificatum, & prorſus extra ordinem: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſi ſemper ſine his eſſet mundus; adhuc ipſum nil eſſe detrimenti accepturum; nec quicquam de ipſius <lb></lb>perfectione diminutum iri opinabor. </s> <s>Monſtrum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab ordine naturæ prorſus abiicio, niſi quatenus <lb></lb>aliquem <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> naturalem continet, vt ſuprà audiſti. </s> <s>Sed nos etiam mox vberius propter vniuerſi <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> <lb></lb>hoc ipſum explicabimus: interim reliqua percurremus, ne <expan abbr="lõgius">longius</expan> à <expan abbr="qõne">quaeſtione</expan> propoſita aberrare cogamur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex alio ordine, quàm nunc ſint, naturam alias ſpecies efficere poſſe cenſeo, quae veriſi<lb></lb>mile eſt <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ad optimum adſpiraſſe, & in optimo ſtatu <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> permanere. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> infinitas: <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb></lb>enim natura declinat; proinde quę ex putri <expan abbr="naſcũtur">naſcuntur</expan>, aut notha <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> priuata ſunt facultate gignen<lb></lb>di ſibi ſimile, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & in illo ſpatio quo Deus à priuationib. diſtat; gradus, qui ſenſiles ſint, (in iis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſpeciei <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5296"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diſcrimen agnoſcitur) finitos eſſe neceſſe eſt Peripatetici credant, qui finem in primo ente ponunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc optimè congruunt cum iis quæ docuit Ariſt. </s> <s>his ipſis verbis. </s> <s>Sed adeò de inanimatis paullatim <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſenſimq́">ſenſimque</expan>. </s> <s>ad animata natura tranſit, vt continuatione ipſa lateat eorum <expan abbr="confiniũ">confinium</expan>, & <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, vtrius'nam <lb></lb>ſit extremi. </s> <s>Iam ab inanimorum genere, primum genus <expan abbr="plantarũ">plantarum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>alia ab alia differt eo, quae <lb></lb>magis vitæ particeps eſſe videtur; vniuerſum <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> genus ad cętera corpora quæ <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> vacant, ipſum quaſi <lb></lb>animal eſt, at ad animal inanime eſſe videtur. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hinc ad animalia continuus, vt modò dixi, proce<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s>& poſtquam induxit <expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> viuentium gradus, hæc ſubiungit. </s> <s>Cęterùm paruo quodam diſcri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5297"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mine ſubinde alia præ aliis iam adipiſci <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> <expan abbr="motumq́">motumque</expan>. </s> <s>videntur. </s> <s>Siquis autem Græcè illum <expan abbr="loquentẽ">loquentem</expan> <lb></lb>audire velit, ne cum interprete Theodoro labatur. </s> <s>hæc eius verba ſunt. <foreign lang="grc">οὑκ δὲ ἐκ τῶν ἀψύχων εἰς <lb></lb>τὰ ζῶα μεταβαίνει κατὰ μικρὸν ἡ φύσιν, ὡστε τῇ συνεχείᾳ λανθάνειν τὸ μεθόρων ἀυτῶν, καὶ τὸ μέσον <lb></lb>ποτέρων εστὶν μετὰ γὰρ τὸ τῶν ἀψύχων γένος, τὸ τῶν φυτῶν πρῶτον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">εστὶν καὶ τούτων ἑτερον πρὸς <lb></lb>διαφέρει τῷ μᾶλλον δοκεῖν μετέχειν ζωῆς. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ὁλον δὲ τὸ γένος πρὸς μὲν τ' ἄλλα σώματα φαίνεται σχεδὸν <lb></lb>ὁ̂σπερ ἔμψυχον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">πρὸς δὲ τὸ ζῶον ἄψυκον. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἡδὲ μετάβασις ἐξ ἀυτῶν εἰς τὰ ζῶα συνεχής εστὶν ὧσπερ <lb></lb>ἐλέχθη πρότερον</foreign>. </s> <s>mox: <foreign lang="grc">ἀεὶ δὲ κατὰ μικρὰν διαφορὰν ἑτερα πρὸ ἑτέρων ἤδη φαίνεται μάλλον ζωην̀ <lb></lb>ἔχοντα καὶ κίνησιν</foreign>. </s> <s>Hæc ego verba adſcripſi inſtituti mei tenendi cauſſa, vt ii .ſ. </s> <s>qui amant ardentius <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem; in nobis item ſententias eiuſdem agnoſcant. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>nunc in præſente loco ſufficiat. </s> <s>ne me <lb></lb><expan abbr="rapiãt">rapiant</expan> iſti nebulones qui ex hac ipſa ſcriptura <expan abbr="repugnãtia">repugnantia</expan> notant in placitis ſummi præceptoris. </s> <s>quaſi <lb></lb>hiſce verbis ſtirpes <expan abbr="excludant̃">excludantur</expan> animantib. & <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> vitæ ſolo inter inanima <expan abbr="decorẽtur">decorentur</expan>. </s> <s>Cùm tamen in lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de An. 2. ipſis <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> tribuerit, & hic <foreign lang="grc">ὧσπερ ἔμψυχον</foreign> appellarit, quod alibi. <foreign lang="grc">ἔμψυχον</foreign> abſolutè dixerit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec ſtultum putant exiſtimare (quicquid ſermonis Latini conſuetudo patiatur) Ariſt. </s> <s>Græcum qui <lb></lb>cum Iſocrate rhetore de palma contenderit, Græcè loqui neſciſſe, & in eo deceptum fuiſſe narrant im<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5298"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pudentiſsimè, quòd <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> cum vita confuderit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nouerit <foreign lang="grc">ψυχὴν, & ζωὴν</foreign> re ipſa conuenire, aut ſi<lb></lb>quo pacto diſcrepant; ita differre, quemadmodum functio à forma, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actus ſecundus à primo: nam <lb></lb>vita eſt actus animæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> animaduertunt Ariſt. </s> <s>exprimentem, vt ipſe inquit, <foreign lang="grc">τὸ μεθόριον</foreign> & <expan abbr="confiniũ">confinium</expan> <lb></lb>illud <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> latens, & gradus partium generis illius, addidiſſe notam ſimilitudinis, vt quiddam in<lb></lb>ferius ſignificaret, & id quod <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> quidem non attigiſſet, veruntamen à toto genere non arceretur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed his omiſsis; ne tempus fruſtra conteratur, ad noſtra pergamus. </s> <s>Huc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tendebat oratio noſtra. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vt liquidò appareret formas iſtas obtinere inter ſe gradus quoſdam perfectionis; pro ſummi illius bo<lb></lb>ni diuerſa participatione. </s> <s>Ob id etiam pronunciauit, rerum ſpecies veluti numeros ſe habere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> <lb></lb>ita latè patet hic ordo, vt nonmodò ab eo quod infimum eſt inter ea quæ ſunt, ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> quouis mo<lb></lb>do ſit hoc <expan abbr="modicũ">modicum</expan> interſtitium, veluti à priuatione ad <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, inde ad actum. </s> <s>& ab actu <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> mini<lb></lb>mo, qui in terra & aqua poſitus eſt ad actus <expan abbr="cęterarũ">cęterarum</expan> ſubſtantiarum materia concretarum, ſed à ſenſili <lb></lb>generatim ad id quod mente <expan abbr="cõcipi">concipi</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt ſunt naturæ <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan> quæ per ſingula diſtributæ ſunt. </s> <s>hinc <lb></lb>ad ipſas menteis, & ab vltimo rerum genere quod eſt habere, ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> genus quod eſt ipſa <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed in formis etiam, quæ adeò proximum genus participant. </s> <s>Specta porrò lumine participantium gra<lb></lb>dus; in quadrupede ſumma acies, in piſce multò hebetior <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> mouetur, imperfectum manet pror<lb></lb>ſus immobile cancri, cicadæ nullius penè videndi officij <expan abbr="cõpotes">compotes</expan>. </s> <s>Cochleæ offendicula tentando, non <lb></lb><expan abbr="vidẽdo">videndo</expan> gradiuntur in talpa oculorum notæ ſolùm, oſtrea penitus cœca. </s> <s>quid opus eſt verbis in re per <pb pagenum="926"></pb>picua? </s> <s>De numero <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> varia dicuntur, cùm fateantur eos nonnulli excreſcere in infinitum, & veren<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5299"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tes, ne fortè formarum infinitas in numero ponenda ſit, vnde aut infinitum mundus admittat, aut niſi <lb></lb>admittat, aliqua ſpecie deficiente, ne forte ſit imperfectus; binarium à ternario non ſpecie quidem, <lb></lb>ſed numero duntaxat, & veluti <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> minorem à maiore ſeparari dixerunt. </s> <s>Alij contra negarunt eos <lb></lb>in infinitum augeri ſuapte natura, & id noſtræ cogitationis opus eſſe <expan abbr="docuerũt">docuerunt</expan>: ideò, quia naturę opus <lb></lb>non eſſent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item <expan abbr="vllã">vllam</expan> mundi perfectionem in iis poſitam fuiſſe. </s> <s>Noui planè nullam eſſe faculta<lb></lb>tem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="animalẽ">animalem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> naturalem quæ <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan> habeat in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ipſum pariter menti <expan abbr="naturæq́">naturæque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>repugnare: quicquid <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in <expan abbr="cogitationẽ">cogitationem</expan> venit, neceſſariò finitum eſſe, quantunlibet fuerit; nec mathe<lb></lb>maticas quæ quantunlibet productum <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> accipiunt, vti infinito, nec excedere terminis quantita<lb></lb>tis naturalis, quia tamen eis cogitatio poteſt excedere addens etiam naturali quanto aliud quantum; <lb></lb>negare non poſſum, quin, ſi ſpecies numeri ſint centum, & mille ſpecies in infinitum excreſcant. </s> <s>quòd <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſpecies numeri hæc ſint, ſigno illud eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quòd de pluribus numero differentibus prædicari poſ<lb></lb>ſunt, vt centum de equis centum, & hominibus centum. </s> <s>quare nos adhuc dubitatio propoſita tenebit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò numeros illos vel ſpeciem <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> categoriæ cauſſa fatebor imitari, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quemadmodum aliæ ſpecies <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5300"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ fiunt ab arte; reuera tamen non eſſe <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> naturalem; ſiquidem reipſa vnum ſit: nam quicquid <lb></lb>eſt eo ipſo quod eſt, vnum eſt, & natura ſic numerum facit, quia multa vna facit, cętera mens ipſa ad<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5301"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dit, quæ vnum repetit, & repetitum copulans aliquoties <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> producit. </s> <s>Itaque nil eſt aliud nume<lb></lb>rus, ac certa repetitio vnius, ſiue ille ſit naturalis, & in certa materia, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mathematicus. </s> <s>Ita ſe ha<lb></lb>bet numerus, quemadmodum de <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> dicebamus: nam materialiter eſt præſentia mobilis in defini<lb></lb>to ſpatij puncto, formaliter verò eius repetitio quæ ſine opera animi fieri nequit. </s> <s>Ergo & numerus <lb></lb>materialiter eſt vnum; formaliter eius repetitio, quæ officium animi flagitat, vel etiam dico infinitum <lb></lb>eſſe actu, aut ex ſucceſsione; id verò eſt in potentia, cùm cæteroquin actu ſit <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>. </s> <s>hoc non repugnat <lb></lb>naturæ; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> reuera finitum eſt, ab altero illo prorſus abhorret; quamobrem & numerum in ſucceſ<lb></lb>ſione poſitum profiteor; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> actu finitum, infinitum verò potentia duntaxat. </s> <s>Sic ſpecies naturales in <lb></lb>infinitum non augeſcunt, quia numeri non ſunt ſpecies naturales, nec ſi ſpecies eſſent, & in infinitum <lb></lb>excreſcerent; <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> detrimenti natura pateretur, quòd incrementum illud <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> eſt cum ſucceſsione, <lb></lb>non actu. </s> <s>tantum abeſt, vt cum Theologis veteribus <expan abbr="Platoneq́">Platoneque</expan>. </s> <s>conſentiam, qui in numeris vniuerſam <lb></lb>fabricam <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> conſiſtere dicebant, & per numeros <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> naturæ opificia eſſe conſtituta; <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpe<lb></lb>cies duas faciebant, vt <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> quarum alteræ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſeparatæ forent, ideas ipſi vocabant; alteræ parti<lb></lb>cipatæ, & iam impoſitæ in materia; ita numerorum alium <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan>, <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <expan abbr="ſeparatumq́">ſeparatumque</expan>. </s> <s>ponebant, <lb></lb>alium tria, & illum his hymnis extollebant <foreign lang="grc">πατέρα μακάρων καὶ ἀνδρῶν</foreign>. </s> <s>& quaternionem <foreign lang="grc">παγὰν <lb></lb>ἀεννάου φύσεως</foreign> prædicabant: ac Iamblichus, qui admirabiles quaſdam proprietates à numeris rebus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5302"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>exhiberi putabat, niſi quatenus erant hæc ſymbola rationum <expan abbr="proportionumq́.">proportionumque</expan>, quæ inter principia <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>intercedebant. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> numeris aliquid efficacitatis tribui non negauerim, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita hebdomada in diebus <lb></lb>criticis plurimùm poſſe fatebor, & certè talis erat mos <expan abbr="antiquorũ">antiquorum</expan> philoſophantium, vt inuoluerent pri<lb></lb>mordia rerum Pythagoræi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> Symbolis; Theologi fabulis, Plato verò Mathematicis. </s> <s>Quòd ad po<lb></lb>ſtremum pertinet. </s> <s>Omnes illud fatentur, <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> ſic eſſe perfectum, vt omnes <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> perfectiones in ſeipſo <lb></lb>contineat, nec quidem actu, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> vas continet <expan abbr="humorẽ">humorem</expan>, ſed ſublimiore quodam modo, & ve<lb></lb>lut illud cauſſæ genus quod nos alibi <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελέχειαν</foreign> appellauimus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> caput eſt, & auctor <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> perfe<lb></lb>ctionis: ergo ſeipſo perfectiſsimus, vt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in genere, ſed ſimpliciter ei perfectionis <expan abbr="attributũ">attributum</expan> <expan abbr="cõueniat">conueniat</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm quòd perfectio multis modis accipitur, & ex habitu, & ex actu: etenim ſapiens eſt perfectus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſi ſapientia non vtatur, quòd illa vti <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: idem quoque multò perfectior, ſi vtatur, quanto ſecundus <lb></lb>actus eſt præſtantior primo, ſed tamen cùm poſterior hæc perfectio nihil interni requirat, vt adſit; ve<lb></lb>rùm pendet ex externo: ſic defenditur ſapientem, licet ſapientiam non exerceat; eſſe perfectum, quan<lb></lb>tum .ſ. </s> <s>in ſeipſo eſt, quia nihil prætereà requirit, vt vtatur ſapientia, quòd in ſeipſo ſit, & ex euento eſt, <lb></lb>quod non vtatur. </s> <s>Ita Deus in ſe ipſo <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> præſtantiam habens eſt perfectiſsimus: idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perfe<lb></lb>ctior, ſi perfectionem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> cęteris communicando prodat; verùm quòd hoc ex alio, non ex ſeipſo pen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5303"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>det, nihil eſt, quae Deus benignè largiens <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> bonitatem, atque <expan abbr="præſtantiã">præſtantiam</expan>: ſibi comparet intrinſecùs, im<lb></lb>mò cęteris aliquid accedit, ipſi profectò nihil. </s> <s>At verò actus diuinæ ſubſtantiæ reliquos ſuperat, quòd <lb></lb><expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> actus ab externo <expan abbr="interpellãtur">interpellantur</expan>, aut ſaltem reſpiciunt obiectum; nam ſapiens à ſomno <expan abbr="impedit̃">impeditur</expan>, <lb></lb>mens obiectum flagitat: ille ſemper eſt in officio, nihil <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> intermittens, omnia ſuperans, & ipſe ſibi <lb></lb>præſens, <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> non exiſtens. </s> <s>Proinde damus, ſi Deus per ſe ipſum ſine cęteris ſpectetur, fore perfectum <lb></lb>primo modo, nec perfectum modis omnibus, ideò illius perfectioni <expan abbr="acceſsionẽ">acceſsionem</expan> aliquam fieri poſſe, <lb></lb>ea tamen extrinſecùs eſt, ſed cùm hoc ſolùm excogitatione pendeat, non ex re, aut ex inordinatione <lb></lb>materiæ, quòd plura paucioráue ſint in hac inferiore mundi regione, ſiquidem ſemper communicat <lb></lb>ſuam bonitatem certis entium gradibus ſine quibus <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> non conſiſtere poſſe docuimus, etiam de<lb></lb>fendimus ipſum modis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> eſſe perpetuò perfectum. </s> <s>Aut igitur eſſentiæ gradus ſpectatur, & formę <lb></lb>ipſius <foreign lang="grc">ἐπίδοσις</foreign>, vt ait Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & incrementum, ſiue intentio, ſiue habitus, aut amplitudo, & <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg5304"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>municatio, ſiue extentio quæ naſcitur ex materia, & actus ipſe ſecundus in alio; ſi gradum inſpicias; <lb></lb>nil certè illius plenitudini <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> addi; at ad eius <expan abbr="præſtantiã">præſtantiam</expan> aliquid adiungi altero perfectionis modo nil <lb></lb>vetat: etenim ex aliorum acceſsione magis profunditur eius honeſtas, & latius patet bonitas; id verò <lb></lb>aliorum proprium eſt, & ad cętera pertinet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illius ſummæ perfectionis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> tangit; non aliter, ac <lb></lb>nihil de luce Solis augeatur, ſi C. ſpecula, vel <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> duntaxat illuſtret; eſt id planè perfectionis ſpeculo <pb pagenum="927"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5305"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum, quæ ſine Sole, neutiquàm lucerent. </s> <s>Hac ergo ratione perfectionem mundo tribuimus, quæ non <lb></lb>abſoluta ſit, ſed in ſuo genere tantùm.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5294"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5295"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5296"></margin.target>a 1. de Ge. <lb></lb>an. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5297"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5298"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5299"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5300"></margin.target>a 2. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 2.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5301"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5302"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5303"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5304"></margin.target>b 9. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5305"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum vnum, & multa ſe habeant ad perfectum. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM verò doceret Ariſtoteles cœlum & vniuerſum eſſe perfectum ex eo, quae vnum foret totum, <lb></lb>in ſeipſo manens, & nihil extra reſpiciens, reliqua <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corpora, quòd eſſent quodammodo multa, <lb></lb>& ab alio finirentur; eſſent imperfecta; dedit anſam Auerroi, vt hæc profiteretur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa ab Ariſt. </s> <s>do<lb></lb>ctrina abhorrentia, <expan abbr="copiã">copiam</expan> nimirùm ſingularium ſub <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſpecie ſignum eſſe imperfectionis, & certè, <lb></lb>aut Ariſt. </s> <s>canon fallax eſt, qui <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> multitudinem à participatione materiæ ſenſilis emanare teſtetur, <lb></lb>aut <foreign lang="grc">μοναδικὰ</foreign> ſunt. </s> <s>i. ſub vna ſpecie ſingulæ mentes ſeparatæ, quae earum excellentia maxima. </s> <s>Sed hanc <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> in dubium <expan abbr="reuocatã">reuocatam</expan> fuiſſe legimus à <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan>; nec, meo quidem iudicio, <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> ſatis <expan abbr="expli-catã">expli<lb></lb>catam</expan> fuiſſe credimus: idcirco nos hîc <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> nonnulla adſcribemus, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>maximè, quae occaſio dabitur aliqua <lb></lb>diſſerendi ſpeciatim de corpore cęleſti, quod nunc agimus. </s> <s>Iudicabat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nobis oppoſitum experientia <lb></lb>quæ <expan abbr="fundamentũ">fundamentum</expan> eſt ſcientiæ naturalis: nam multas ſpecies afferre licet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illas quidem perfectiſsi<lb></lb>mas quæ multò numeroſiores eſſent, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> imperfectæ: multò <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> plures homines ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> cete, & <expan abbr="immaniũ">immanium</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5306"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> genera belluarum. </s> <s>Quia verò dicere poſsis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>conferri æterna cum caducis, & aſſeri ab <lb></lb>illo æterna eſſe pauciora, quae illorum natura ſuſtineatur ab vno indiuiduo; proptereà perfectionem non <lb></lb>à copia, paucitatéue ſingularium duci, quod in quæſtione proponitur, ſed ab eorundem perpetuitate, <lb></lb>cùm ſe facilius ab aduerſis caſibus tutari queant, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>ſucceſſore non egeant, vt talis natura conſer<lb></lb>uetur; proinde obiectionem, quæ contra decreta fuerit illata de falſa hypotheſi, niti: age nunc huius <lb></lb>rationis robur exploremus, & videamus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> conſentanea ſit vnà cum progreſſu Philoſophi, & cum cę<lb></lb>tera natura. </s> <s>Arbitror <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex ea repugnantias maximas inculcari: nam primo loco peruertitur cauſ<lb></lb>ſa eius euenti quæ ab Ariſt. </s> <s>allata eſt: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> concludebat, eo quòd hęc tendunt ad mul<lb></lb>ta, & multitudinem continent. </s> <s>totum verò vnum permanet. </s> <s>nec de æterno, aut mortali verbum vllum <lb></lb>factum eſt, aut fieri debuit: nam tum ignotum erat perpetuus'ne foret mundus; & erat id <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ingenij <lb></lb>conatu peragendum. </s> <s>Ignotum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> erat vnus, nec'ne mundus eſſet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id efficacius poſteà conclu<lb></lb>dendum. </s> <s>Adde poſtremò quòd medium rationis, & inuentum ad hoc perficiendum non eſſet valde <lb></lb><expan abbr="accommodatũ">accommodatum</expan>, quoniam terra corpus imperfectum eſt: cœlum contrà perfectiſsimum, & tamen ſin<lb></lb>gula ſunt, & cœlum, & terra conſimiliter. </s> <s>Proinde vereor'ne vlla certa <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> perfectionis à copia paucita<lb></lb>téue peti poſsit, ſiue æterna cum caducis, ſeu caduca ſeorſum, ſeu <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> æterna ſecum conferantur. </s> <s>néue <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5307"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>item illi falsò exiſtimarint qui ad ſpeciei perfectionem <expan abbr="copiã">copiam</expan> ſingularium <expan abbr="molitã">molitam</expan> fuiſſe naturam aſſe<lb></lb>uerent. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alia cauſſa multitudinis eſt, & alia vis, ſeu finis alius ipſius, & tria in multitudine <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> <lb></lb>ſpectat Ariſt. </s> <s>primùm materiæ <expan abbr="redundantiã">redundantiam</expan>, tum deinde formæ <expan abbr="efficacitatẽ">efficacitatem</expan>, ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> ipſius vſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim à materię copia quæ idonea ſit accipere <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> formam, oritur ſingularium multitudo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id <lb></lb>gemina de cauſſa, vel quòd principium mouens non valeat tantùm, vt vniuerſam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> coa<lb></lb>ctam ſuperare queat, ex qua vnum maius ſingulare fiat, vel quòd certus ſit magnitudinis <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> finis; <lb></lb>vnde efficiatur procreatio plurium, ne moles corporis excedat menſura quæ cum illa ſpecie congruit. <lb></lb></s> <s>& <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> finis animaduertitur, qui eſt functio ſpeciei: quapropter euenit, vt tàm in æternis, quàm <lb></lb>in caducis multitudo intendatur in <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, qui talis eſt, vt id quod pauca præſtare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſunt, multa per<lb></lb>ficiant. </s> <s>Ecce multa ſunt officia quæ tum contemplando, tum agendo, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> efficiendo præſtare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>ſpecies humana, non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> poſſumus omnes, ſed, quod ego non valeo, tu fortè valebis, & quod ipſe non <lb></lb>percepi, tu optimè cognoſces: adeò vt omnes demum <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> præſtent, licèt non <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſinguli, quod item <expan abbr="nõ-nunquam">non<lb></lb>nunquam</expan> aliter eſt. </s> <s>nam fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt quia vnum, aut pauca poſſunt efficere, multitudo non expetatur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> euenire docuit Ariſt. </s> <s>in corpore cœleſti <expan abbr="motuq́">motuque</expan>. </s> <s>aſtrorum, & ſua <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> officia melius <lb></lb>modò multis, aliàs paucis præſtari perſuaſit <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> etiam à noſtratibus accepto. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nulla igitur certa <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5308"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfectionis in cœlo à paucitate & copia duci potuit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> debuit; excepiſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> limitibus philoſophiæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5309"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturalis, ac <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ex prima philoſophia depromptum eſſet; veluti <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuperius ſignificauimus, & in <lb></lb><expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> noſtram contulimus, quæ à fine <expan abbr="cõſtituebatur">conſtituebatur</expan>, & à natura attributorum <expan abbr="cõmunium">communium</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed aio planè ibi Ariſt. </s> <s>ſpectaſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> & multa, quæ naturam continui & materiæ conſequuntur, atque <lb></lb>ita ſe intra limites ſuæ methodi continuiſſe, & ea quæ iam perſpicua forent vſurpaſſe: nam 3. Phyſ. do<lb></lb>cuerat tendere ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe tendere ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, quòd illius <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> eſſet in vnum redigere, & cogere <expan abbr="mul-titudinẽ">mul<lb></lb>titudinem</expan>: tendere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan> eſſe deſcendere ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quòd ab illa diuiſio permanaret ad <lb></lb>res naturaleis. </s> <s>Quamobrem quia formę attributum eſſet perfectio, & contrà imperfectio materiæ: à <lb></lb>materia verò multitudo naſcatur: vnum verò à forma, ſic ab Ariſt. </s> <s>optimè dictum fuiſſe ea quæ præ<lb></lb>ſeferunt <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan>, eſſe imperfecta, quæ verò vnius affinia ſunt, cęteris eſſe digniora. </s> <s>Quia verò <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>dari videtur à philoſophis nonmodò vnum multis, vt perfectum imperfecto opponi, ſed vni vnum: <lb></lb>efficitur item, vt non vnus ab illis poſitus ſit naturæ progreſſus ad vnum, & ad melius, & ad deterius: <lb></lb>etenim extrema ſolent ita opponi, vt imperfecto perfectum; ea tamen ſolent eſſe ſimplicia; media <expan abbr="ple-runq.">ple<lb></lb>runque</expan> multa, & varia. </s> <s>Opponuntur etiam Deus & materia inter ea quæ ſunt, Deus & priuatio, & <lb></lb>materia quidem vna eſt, & priuatio maximè vna, quia nihil in ſubiecto idoneo per ſe ponat, inter cor<lb></lb>pora cœlum & terra, inter elementa terra & ignis: poſsim hîc ego ſexcenta exempla afferre, quibus <lb></lb>vnum alteri vni, tanquam <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> infimo opponi demonſtrem. </s> <s>Ergo aut norma Ariſtotelica fallax, <pb pagenum="928"></pb>aut non vnus progreſſus ad vnum, tanquam ab imperfecto ad perfectum. </s> <s>Equidem ſi inficiari volue<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5310"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rim progreſſum ad vnum eſſe in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis, vt ab imperfecto ad <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>, <expan abbr="impudẽs">impudens</expan> fuerim, <lb></lb>ſed quin in vniuerſis, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> eſt gradus ab imperfecto ad <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>; ſit, vt à multis ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>; parùm profe<lb></lb>ctò in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="cõtẽplatione">contemplatione</expan> videbor fuiſſe verſatus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſic <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> explanari poſſe <expan abbr="cõfido">confido</expan>, ſi prius admonuero <lb></lb><expan abbr="progreſsũ">progreſsum</expan> ab imperfecto ad <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> eſſe veluti ab actu ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, vel à <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> ad <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan>, vel à <expan abbr="potẽtia">potentia</expan> <lb></lb>ad actum, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à priuatione ad actum. </s> <s>Rurſus exiſtentiam, vel eſſe ſimpliciter, vel ex eo, quod vnà <lb></lb><expan abbr="notat̃">notatur</expan>, qualis poſita eſt in priuatione. </s> <s>Proceſſus <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ab actu ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> eſt inter <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan>, & hîc vt ac<lb></lb>ceptum fuit; eſt ab vno ad vnum, vt ab imperfecto ad perfectum. </s> <s>Similiter ſi priuationem <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſegre<lb></lb>gemus à ſubiecto, quia ſit abſentia ſola, & vna erit ipſa priuatio, <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> res imperfectiſsima. </s> <s>Ex hoc <lb></lb>efficitur, vt nonnulla quæ nos priuatione definimus; ea quoque, quo plures continent priuationes; eo <lb></lb>magis accedant ad vnum. </s> <s>ſic vnus numerus imperfectior decem; non igitur <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis perfectum, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>, velut vnum, & multa opponuntur. </s> <s>At verò ſi rerum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſagacius perſcrutari libeat; <lb></lb>agnoſces id quod eſt imperfectum, <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> multitudinis in ſe ipſo continere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi contra<lb></lb>rium vnum eſt, in altero tamen eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quædam actus & entis, in altero priuationis & non entis. </s> <s>Atqui <lb></lb>priuatio ſic reuera ſe habet, vt & reipſa & <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſit maximè compoſita: quandò ſine alio non exiſtat, <lb></lb>& habeat <expan abbr="exiſtentiã">exiſtentiam</expan> ex ſubiecto & forma pendentem, neque illa ſola, ſed præſente, vt proximo funda<lb></lb>mento, & futura, vt eſſentiæ parte. </s> <s>proinde <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eius eſſentia poſsit abſolui à forma cuius eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5311"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, & exiſtentia <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> eſt in iis in quibus obſeruatur <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> priuationis. </s> <s>proinde & quæ in ſe conti<lb></lb>nent <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> priuationis, quo plures in ſeipſis continent priuationes, illò etiam magis <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ſunt: ſic <lb></lb>vnus numerus decem ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> multò plures priuationis gradus habet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quinque, & compoſitior <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan>: <lb></lb>tale eſt illud <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quod materiæ tribui ſolet. </s> <s>Si potentia cum potentia conferatur; illa planè perfectior <lb></lb>quæ ſimplicior, & magis vna: ſiquidem in cœlo poteſtas vna ſit, nempè ad vbi in mortalib. multiplex, <lb></lb>& ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> prædicamenta. </s> <s>Manifeſtè ſe habet actus ad poteſtatem, vt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ad multa, quandò id cogit in <lb></lb>vnum actus, quod cum extentione, & diſpersè potentia capit. </s> <s>nam participatione materiæ vnus homo <lb></lb>fit plures, per formam multi homines ſunt vnus homo, & actus vniformis in cœlo, qui in elementis eſt <lb></lb>adeò varius, & frigus vnde terra exiſtit, vt priuatio eſt caloris qui eſt in igni. </s> <s>Quamobrem hoc modo <lb></lb>conſideratis & expenſis rerum naturis, vbi conferantur actus, & vbi priuatio mente ſeparetur ab iis <lb></lb>quæ ſunt ſicuti ſubiecta, cauſſa exiſtentiæ, non eſſentiæ, & quæ priuatione determinantur, fieri poterit, <lb></lb>vt vnum vni, vt imperfectum perfecto, queat opponi, ſed vniuersè collatis rerum eſſentiis progreſſus <lb></lb>ad vnum eſt ad id quod perfectiſsimum eſt; ad alterum eſt progreſſus, tanquam ad compoſitum. </s> <s>Hoc <lb></lb>igitur pacto accipiemus tendere ad vnum eſſe tendere ad perfectionem, nempè propter eſſentiam, non <lb></lb>propter <foreign lang="grc">ὑπάρξιν</foreign>: quo etiam modo tendere ad alterum extremum, quanuis in vniuerſitate rerum ſit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5312"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>imperfectum, quia tamen eſt procedere ad quendam actum, eſt item quoquomodo perfectum, ſicut <lb></lb>eſt vnum. </s> <s>Sed hæc vberius, quà docebimus, vt D. O. M. omnium rerum menſura ſtatuatur. </s> <s>Interim <lb></lb>de reliquis quæ ſunt illius corporis, exponamus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5306"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5307"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5308"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5309"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5310"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5311"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5312"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur orbes quantò plus à primo recedunt, non pluribus motibus ferantur, & cur vna tantum ſtella <lb></lb>in orbibus inferioribus; infinitæ vero propemodum ſint in octaua ſphæra, ac quæſtioni <lb></lb>institutæ finis imponitur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AB his quę nos paullò antè <expan abbr="cõſtituimus">conſtituimus</expan>, facilè erit duas illas grauiſsimas dubitationeis enodare, quę <lb></lb>item ab Ariſt. 2. de cœlo proponuntur. </s> <s>Cur .ſ. </s> <s>orbes, quantò plus à primo recedunt, motibus pau<lb></lb>cioribus concitentur, cùm veriſimile ſit, quandò nona ſphęra vnico tantùm motu cietur. (huc vſque <lb></lb>enim antiquiores Aſtrologi prouecti ſunt, qui ſenſum ſequebantur, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> nec aut plures illius motus agno<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5313"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uerunt, aut orbem <expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan>, ac ſiquando de immobili <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> ſphęra meminerunt, eam ad reliquorum <lb></lb>orbium motus dirigendos, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> formandos introduxerunt) cęteras etiam deinceps ordinatim augeri, <lb></lb>vt binis ſecundus; tribus tertius agitetur. </s> <s>Sed nos motus non ſic augeſcere perſpicimus, ſiquidem pau<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5314"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cioribus motibus aguntur Sol & Luna, qui ſunt orbes <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> infimi, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliqui ſuperiores, ſi Eudoxo <lb></lb>credere dignum eſt, ac ſi gratificari libeat Aſtronomis, qui ſecuti ſunt Ariſtotelem, multò magis habe<lb></lb>bit dubitatio locum; proptereà quòd nec perpetuò tenor ille ſeruatur. </s> <s>cùm Solem quidem tribus mo<lb></lb>tibus, ſuperiores <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> planetas quinque; reliquos verò inferiores ſex, ſeu ſeptem agitari concedatur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Rurſus in ſphęra inerrante plura aſtra, in inferioribus ſingulis ſingula implantata ſunt. </s> <s>ecquę'nam hu<lb></lb>ius tanti diſcriminis cauſſa ponenda eſt? </s> <s>Platonici ſanè <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> quæſtionem attigerunt; ita tamen, vt <lb></lb>hæc falsò dubitata fuiſſe docerent: nam multitudinem <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> ſimpliciter in ſuperioribus eſſe negant: <lb></lb>conſtanter <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aſſeuerant quod magis à primo recedit, pluribus motibus agitari, <expan abbr="pluribuſq́">pluribuſque</expan>. </s> <s>principibus <lb></lb>inſeruire. </s> <s>duos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> circulos <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, primum, quem eiuſdem vocant; alterum quem dicunt alterius. </s> <s>ideò <lb></lb>prioris illius eſſe <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> ſimplicem motum; poſterioris verò plures: <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>ordinem <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad extrema <lb></lb>corpora perpetuò <expan abbr="cõſeruari">conſeruari</expan> profitentur: cùm pluribus motibus agitari perſpicuum ſit planetas, quàm <lb></lb>orbem inerrantium <expan abbr="ſtellarũ">ſtellarum</expan>, & inferiora multò pluribus quòd illa tantùm locum mutent; hæc inſuper <lb></lb>qualitates amittant, atque gignantur. </s> <s>Et quod pertinet ad <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan> quæſtionem, eſſe planè numerum <lb></lb>aſtrorum in orbe ſuperiore maiorem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in inferioribus, attamen numerum ſubſtantiarum <expan abbr="mouẽtium">mouentium</expan> <lb></lb>in cœleſtibus, alterum ſphęra ipſa quæ propter aſtrum mouetur ſiue, vt rectius <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> Platonis exponatur, <lb></lb>quicquid Simplicius dixerit; nullum videlicet philoſophum ſtellis aliquem motum conceſsiſſe, ipſa <pb pagenum="929"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5315"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtella, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt per motum eius boni compos fiat, quod à ſubſtantia ſeparata communicatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5316"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantia quam <foreign lang="grc">κοσμοκράτορα</foreign> appellant. </s> <s>quanuis igitur, aiunt, aſtra plura ſint in vna illa ſphęra ſu<lb></lb>periora, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in cęteris. </s> <s>ſæcla aliorum ducum multò numeroſiora ſunt, quæ item multò plura ſunt in ele<lb></lb>mentis, & plurium in vno <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſęclorum. </s> <s>Vnde etiam à primis illis Theologis Luna <foreign lang="grc">Ἐκάτη</foreign> nun<lb></lb>cupata quod <foreign lang="grc">ἐκατὸν</foreign>, ideſt centum deæ quædam in ipſa maneant, & prætereà Diana, & de Sole canen<lb></lb>tes, quem regem, <expan abbr="eundemq́">eundemque</expan>. </s> <s>mundi cuſtodem prædicant, Bacchum ibi <expan abbr="celebiãt">celebiant</expan> hymnis <foreign lang="grc">ὐέλιος παρέ<lb></lb>δρος ἐπισκοπέων πόλον ἁγνὸν</foreign>. </s> <s>Pana Heliacum, <expan abbr="alioſq́">alioſque</expan>. </s> <s>multos. </s> <s>Cęterùm cùm ipſe in ordine ſuperio<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan> etiam <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>, dignus aliqua reprehenſione videtur, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terra manet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> circum <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>conuertitur, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ita mouetur, quemadmodum reliqua corpora quæ, vt ipſe vult, nonmodò rectà <lb></lb>mouentur, ſed in ſuis <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> locis in gyrum voluuntur. </s> <s>Si primum dederit; iam ab Ariſt. </s> <s>iure <expan abbr="quæſitũ">quæſitum</expan> <lb></lb>fuerit, cur ea quæ longius diſtant à primo, pluribus motibus aguntur: ſi alterum fateatur; iure igitur <lb></lb>ipſum accuſarit Ariſtoteles, quia terram circum medium volui profeſſus ſit. </s> <s>Quod verò ad alterum or<lb></lb>dinem ſpectat; cùm ipſe ſubſtantias <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> inducat <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan> functiones quibus ſeſe ſubſtantiæ, vel <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>aſſenſu monſtrant, nullæ perſpicuæ ſint, philoſophia noſtra excluditur. </s> <s>Eò redeundum igitur, quod à <lb></lb>nobis ſuperiore capite acceptum eſt. </s> <s>Non omne nimirùm ſimplex, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vnum eſſe formæ, ſed & a ma<lb></lb>teria deriuari; quamobrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> omne id quod vnum reſpicit, præſeferre perfectionem, ſed ſi ad illud <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5317"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vnum tendat quod eſt actu, & forma. </s> <s>Et huc illa <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> deduci credimus, quæ ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ad eiuſmodi quę<lb></lb>ſtionum exitum afferuntur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> aliqua ſunt in eo perfectionis gradu collocata, vt actione nulla in<lb></lb>digeant, (actionem voce quæ tranſiens dici ſolet) ſed optimè ſe habeant, quædam vnica tantùm fun<lb></lb>ctione bonum illud aſſequantur, gratia cuius agunt; alia pluribus paullominus obtineant: nonnulla <lb></lb>quæ ne aggrediantur quidem, quia ſe bonum illud adeptura deſperent; illa vt formæ ſunt, aut prope<lb></lb>modum formas attingunt; hæc ſunt materiæ, quæ longè diſtat à forma. </s> <s>Proinde ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ <lb></lb>per contemplationem ſolam ſummo bono fruuntur. </s> <s>Cęlum per contemplationem & motum. </s> <s>homo <lb></lb>per appetitum, ſenſum, motum; & <expan abbr="contemplationẽ">contemplationem</expan> demum peruenit ad tale faſtigium, vt ſummum bo<lb></lb>num aſſequatur, & in eo finem faciat. </s> <s>Bruta non attingunt; quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam contemplantur: plan<lb></lb>tæ multo minus. </s> <s>omnium minimè inanimata: quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam illis aſsignauit <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> natura functio<lb></lb>nem, qua bonum illud adipiſci, aut niſi exiliter <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> poſsint. </s> <s>ſimpliciora quidem hæc ſunt, ſed ea <lb></lb>ſimplicitas ab actu <expan abbr="lõgiſsimo">longiſsimo</expan> interuallo ſeparatur, & omnes propemodum gradus priuationis obtinet; <lb></lb>idcirco nullius perfectionis. </s> <s>Ita de motibus planetarum, & <expan abbr="ſtellarũ">ſtellarum</expan> multitudine dicere oportet. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>orbis ſupremos cęteros excellit perfectione, vt vnico motu famulatum præſtet innumeris corporibus <lb></lb>diuiniſsimis; reliqui, vt vni <expan abbr="cõmodè">commodè</expan> ſeruiant, plures flagitant motus, qui cedunt his, non aguntur plu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5318"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ribus motibus, non, quia bonum illud optimè per pauciores <expan abbr="aſſequãtur">aſſequantur</expan>, ſed quòd ita deficiunt ab opti<lb></lb>mo, vt illis dati non fuerint, quia conſequi non poſsint. </s> <s>Mihi quidem tres reges verſantur ob oculos, <lb></lb>primus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> iuſtiſsimus, qui ob heroicas ſuas virtutes à populis in oculis & ſinu geratur, vt eorum pie<lb></lb>tate fretus arcibus non multis vti opus habeat, at ſe tueatur. </s> <s>alter, quia vi rerum potitus ſit, & valde ſit <lb></lb>potens; complures arces fabricatus fuerit, <expan abbr="eaſq́">eaſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſumma opera cuſtodiat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſe ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ictu fortunæ <lb></lb>defendat. </s> <s>tertius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, nec valde tutus ſit, nec plura caſtella condere, munireúe poſsit; huic certè, quòd <lb></lb>caſtella non habeat, gloriæ nihil afferet: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habet, quia non poteſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præſtat eadem munera, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille, qui opus non habet. </s> <s>Secundus ille præſtat ſanè eadem <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, ac primus, ſed quia pluribus habet <lb></lb>opus, cùm primum <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> non adæquabit. </s> <s>omnes primus ille ſuperabit, qui <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ vult præſtat, & par<lb></lb>uo negocio. </s> <s>Sic igitur ſupremus orbis paucis pręſtat id quod ſuæ ipſius naturæ conueniat. </s> <s>Vires <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>in quoque corpore definitæ ſunt; quaſi ſiquid plus aggrediantur, illis laborioſum futurum ſit. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>quo pàcto contingeret labor, niſi <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> pręſto ſint? </s> <s>talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa reddita eſt ab Ariſtotele, cur cęlum <lb></lb>perpetuò moueatur, quia .ſ. </s> <s>contrario vacat: ideò motus citra laborem, <expan abbr="otioſeq́">otioſeque</expan>. </s> <s>obitur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm ca<lb></lb>reat contrario; <expan abbr="periculũ">periculum</expan> laboris imminere non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: cauſſa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſublata, <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perimi neceſſe eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>An philoſophorum dictum in <expan abbr="bonã">bonam</expan> partem <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan> eſt, vt oſtendatur, ſcilicet, naturam in eo fuiſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5319"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſagaciſsimam <expan abbr="maximeq́">maximeque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſollicitã">ſollicitam</expan>, quæ inſtrumenta principiis ita deſtinarit, vt ſumma inter <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> pro<lb></lb>portio exiſtat, & vires tum mouentium, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quorum gratia motus eſſet, adamuſsim conueniant, vt <lb></lb>nihil .ſ. </s> <s>præſtari poſsit ab eo, cuius gratia fit motus; quin ad illud idoneum, <expan abbr="accommodatumq́">accommodatumque</expan>. </s> <s>foret id <lb></lb>quod ipſius gratia moueret, ſic ſummus in vniuerſo conſenſus, &, vt Hyppocratis verbo ſæpius vtar, <lb></lb>confluxus vnus, vna conſpiratio, cuncta conſentientia, nec ſecus in hoc loco factum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alibi, vt obiter <lb></lb>id dicam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> id quod Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe in teſtium ſtructura teſtatur (neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab his, vt Heracliti verba <expan abbr="vſurpẽ">vſurpem</expan>, <lb></lb>abſunt Dij) quos <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> appendices ad telas adnexos eſſe dicit, vt quaſi pondere ſuo retrahant filamen<lb></lb>ta vaſorum, vt ea patefaciant, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hoc officium pondere præſtari vult, ſed <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> illam nobis ob <lb></lb>oculos ponit, quam nos in pondere, & tela concipimus. </s> <s>ſic Ariſt. </s> <s>hîc proportionem illam optimè attem<lb></lb>peratam eſſe docet, illis corporib. niſi ſic habeant, tribuendo laborem cui res alias, in quibus proportio <lb></lb>deſit, ſuccumbere perſpicimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita defendi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> Auerroës, ſiquis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius ſtudioſus foret, & cauſſas <lb></lb>retinere quas olim nos de certa ratione motus, & reſiſtentiæ in eo corpore conſcripſimus. </s> <s>Vt igitur eò <lb></lb>redeam, vnde digreſſus ſum: vnum cęlum eſt quod reliqua corpora tanquam in ſinu complectatur: <lb></lb>nec extra ſe habeat quicquam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> locum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vacuum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempus, quia neque motum: quandò <lb></lb>extra ipſum mobile nullum exiſtat. </s> <s>Et quanquam Epicurus, <expan abbr="Stoicuſq́">Stoicuſque</expan>. </s> <s>dubitarunt ſic.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5313"></margin.target>a 1. Met. <lb></lb><gap></gap>. 2. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5314"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5315"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5316"></margin.target>a Proclus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5317"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5318"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5319"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>-<emph type="italics"></emph>Siquis procurrat ad oras</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Vltimus extremas, <expan abbr="iaciatq́">iaciatque</expan>. </s> <s>volatile telum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; <pb pagenum="930"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Inualidis vtrùm contortum viribus ire<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5320"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5320"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod fuerit miſſunt, maius <expan abbr="longeq́">longeque</expan>. </s> <s>volare<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An prohibere aliquid cenſes, <expan abbr="obſtareq́">obſtareque</expan>. </s> <s>poſſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alterutrum fatearis enim, <expan abbr="ſumaſq́">ſumaſque</expan>. </s> <s>neceſſe eſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Siquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obſtabit; aliquid extra fore neceſſe eſt, ſi minus, vacuum igitur. </s> <s>Tum, quòd aliquid excogi<lb></lb>tari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> extra cœlum, ibi igitur aliquid item ſit oportet: nam cogitatio facultas patibilis eſt: ergo mo<lb></lb>uetur ab eo quod eſt actu. </s> <s>Niſi primo illud repugnet, in hypotheſi contineri contradictionem: quo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>pacto ſi totum accipitur, fingi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> extra ipſum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>? </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> totum non amplius eſſet. </s> <s>Alterum ſic <lb></lb>tolli ſolet, quae etiam illa quæ non ſunt, cadunt in phantaſiam; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam phantaſiæ non eſſe cre<lb></lb>dendum, atque ita dixit Ariſt. </s> <s>in calce 3. de Phyſ. auditu. </s> <s>Planè id verum eſt, ſed quid ad rationem? <lb></lb></s> <s>Reſpondent id euenire in phantaſia quæ vera ſit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc mouetur ab eo quod eſt, ſed falſa etiam <lb></lb>ab eo quod non eſt, moueri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Opinor tamen <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="phãtaſiam">phantaſiam</expan>, vera, ſeu falſa ſit, ab eo moueri quod <lb></lb>eſt actu: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> peruenit ad interiores facultates, niſi prius pepulerit ſenſus, quod verò <expan abbr="sẽſum">senſum</expan> mouet, <lb></lb>actu exiſtit. </s> <s>Cęterùm id quod actu eſt, aut ſimpliciter eſt, aut aliqua ex parte, & ab eo quod ſimplici<lb></lb>ter eſt, phantaſiam veram exiſtere; falſam verò ab eo quod actu quidem eſt, ſed quodammodo, vel <lb></lb>ſicuti à priuatione, vt vacuum, quod eſt priuatio corporis, vel quia partes eius ſubſiſtant, vt Chimęra, <arrow.to.target n="marg5321"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel alio <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo rei <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> capere liceat. </s> <s>nam ſic & negatio in iis reponitur quę ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Idcirco & hac ratione aliquid eſt, quòd moueat phantaſiam, cui tribui poſsit actus; quanuis extra cœ<lb></lb>lum nihil omnino ſit. </s> <s>Hæc hactenus de iis quæ corporis ipſius cęleſtis propria duximus, quæ forent in<lb></lb>ſtituti præſentis omni ſeparatorum ratione ſeuocata: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ea quæ de illorum motibus ſigillatim tra<lb></lb>ctari ſolent, in aliud volumen tranſtulimus: reliqua quæ non ſine mouentium principiorum tracta<lb></lb>tione cognoſci poſſunt, mox adſcribentur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5321"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ de mouentium principiorum infinitate Peripatetici decreuerint. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NANQVE illud aduertendum ſeſe offert, ſi vnus tantùm ſit mundus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> plures effici poſsint, <lb></lb>id ab aliqua ex hiſce cauſsis <expan abbr="profecturũ">profecturum</expan>, aut ab impotentia Dei, ſeu naturę, aut ab inopia materię. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm nihil ex his obſtare videtur, quominus plures ſint: nam materia per ſe infinita eſt, & ex <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>nihil vetat, quin plures exiſtant, velut ex eadem materia nunc ſemen, mox animal, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> iterum ſemen. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm quòd hæc ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ſatis explicata ſunt, dum cœlum perpetuum eſſe dictum eſt, & indiſſolubi<lb></lb>liter vniuerſum ex ſua materia conſtare, quod cùm finibus certis concludatur, facit etiam, ne materia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5322"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diffundatur in immenſum; alteram <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> ingrediamur, ac poſtquàm materia ex his eſt, quæ alterius gra<lb></lb>tia ſunt inſtituta, ordinem naturæ tenentes ab illis quorum gratia materia eſt, ordiamur. </s> <s>Porrò mate<lb></lb>ria natura quædam eſt quæ gratia formæ ſubſiſtit, ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> tota natura completur quæ <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtum">inſtrumentum</expan> <lb></lb>primum eſt D. O. M. At inter inſtrumentum & id cuius eſt gratia, proportio intercedat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>ſpe<lb></lb>ctemus igitur id cuius eſt inſtrumentum: nam ſi ab eius impotentia non <expan abbr="proficiſcit̃">proficiſcitur</expan>, quòd mundi plu<lb></lb>res ſint: neque igitur ab impotentia naturæ. </s> <s>Verumenimuero ab eius impotentia proficiſci nequit: eſt <lb></lb>enim infinitę virtutis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt mundi plures ſint. </s> <s>At verò illi, qui tuentur partes Ariſt. </s> <s>id infi<lb></lb>ciantur in Deo robur eſſe infinitum; <expan abbr="falſoq́">falſoque</expan>. </s> <s>impotentiam reputari, quòd id facere nequeat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> im<lb></lb>potentia ſignificat imperfectionem, ſed quòd agens aliquid agere non poſsit, quod fieri nequit: imper<lb></lb>fectio non eſt, verùm planè deceptio, ſi dicatur ipſum facere quippiam, quod eſſe non poteſt; & facere <lb></lb>poſſe. </s> <s>Quamobrem exclamabat Auerroës in Alexandrum & Auicennam. </s> <s>Quicquid ab agente fieri <lb></lb>poteſt, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> fieri poſſe, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> ſpectat ad patiens, & <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> poteſtatis parem eſſe progreſſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vim verò primi motoris infinitam non eſſe ex eo concludebat Ariſtoteles quòd in tempore moueret. <lb></lb></s> <s>Atenim quòd infinito tempore moturum eſt, <expan abbr="ſuſpicionẽ">ſuſpicionem</expan> affert, ne ſit etiam virtus infinita, & problema <lb></lb>redditur dubium, nec ſine diſtinctione tranſigi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, in qua explicanda maximo artificio vſus eſt Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>& de illo magna eſt altercatio inter eos qui Ariſt. </s> <s>conſecuti ſunt: quare poſtulat hic locus, vt ad eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5323"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>explicationem nos conuertamus, quatenus tamen patitur methodus naturalis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt ordine proce<lb></lb>dat oratio noſtra; primùm terminos quæſtionis aperire volumus, deinde ſtatum ipſius exponemus: <lb></lb><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> docebimus quid de hac re grauiſsimi viri ſenſerint, <expan abbr="quibuſq́">quibuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõnibus">rationibus</expan> perſuaſi <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan> <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſtitue-rint">conſtitue<lb></lb>rint</expan>; ad extremum <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> noſtram afferemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quantũ">Quantum</expan> verò de primo eſt, de infinito diſtingui oportet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Primùm verò infinitum eſt affectio quanti, ſeu continui, ſeu diſcreti; prout <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quantum per ſe eſt, vel <lb></lb>per accidens; infinitum quoque, cum per ſe, tum per accidens ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Infinitum rurſus, vel ſecun<lb></lb>dùm formam accipitur, vt ſi in genere colorum infinitas eorum ſpecies contineri dixeris, vel propter <expan abbr="ma-teriã">ma<lb></lb>teriam</expan>, vt cùm magnitudo in infinitum ſectilis eſſe ponitur. </s> <s>Finitum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> & infinitum cum tempore <lb></lb>congruit, quia terminis temporis concludatur, aut <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> eius terminis excedat; hoc autem dici <expan abbr="cõſue-uit">conſue<lb></lb>uit</expan> à noſtris infinitæ durationis. </s> <s>Infinitum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in latitudine formæ concipitur quæ per gradus deſi<lb></lb>gnatur: ita calor ignis finitus eſſe dicitur, cùm eius <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ad octo gradus <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> prouehatur. </s> <s>finitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>hæc vel in habitu obſeruatur, vel etiam in actu ſecundo, & operatione: prima ſanè ducitur à partici<lb></lb>patione formæ cui quo res propinquior eſt, perfectior eſt, & intentior, idcirco infinitum hoc ſecundùm <lb></lb>intentionem vocatur, ſeu ſecundùm latitudinem: altera quoque duci poteſt à materię multitudine: <lb></lb>quapropter in maiore quanto maior ineſt efficacitas: cùm verò materiæ ſit dimenſio, & extentio; ſe<lb></lb>cundùm <expan abbr="extẽtionem">extentionem</expan> appellatur. </s> <s>Infinitum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> intelligitur vel id quod fine caret, veruntamen extra <pb pagenum="931"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5324"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe habet, à quo finiatur, & ita acceptum eſt 3. Phyſ. vbi decreuit Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> exoriri ex materia; <lb></lb>finem verò peti à forma: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erat ipſius materiæ finis, aut id quod ſuperat omneis terminos, qua ra<lb></lb>tione <expan abbr="vtriq́">vtrique</expan>. </s> <s>generi quanti cum diſcreto, tum continuò denegatum eſt. </s> <s>Virtus item <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> aut actuoſa eſt, <lb></lb>aut patibilis; actuoſam <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> accipimus generatim, à qua tranſmutatur aliud, quatenus aliud eſt quæ <expan abbr="cõ-muniter">con<lb></lb>muniter</expan> quidem comprehendit etiam finem, ſed efficiens propriè ſignificat. </s> <s>in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> enim principia vis <lb></lb>ineſt tranſmutandi aliud, quatenus aliud eſt, licèt <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eodem modo. </s> <s>Patibilem verò, per quam aliquid <lb></lb>ab alio tranſmutatur. </s> <s>Poteſtas autem actuoſa apud Peripateticos actum ſeu formam, aut <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελέχειαν</foreign><lb></lb>ſequitur; patibilis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> naſcitur, à poteſtate ſimpliciter, ideſt, ab habilitate ad <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> aliquod <expan abbr="accipiendũ">accipiendum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuero quòd <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> facultatem ſub notione quanti concipimus, menſurę obnoxiam reddi<lb></lb>mus, & in parteis <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> diſtribuimus. </s> <s>Diſſeritur nunc de motore primo; quæritur autem ſit'ne finitę <lb></lb>an infinitæ virtutis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illius quidem actuoſæ, quam robur, ſeu vulgò, vigorem nominant. </s> <s>Quoniam <lb></lb>verò iam <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> præſtantiorum <expan abbr="philoſophantiũ">philoſophantium</expan> ſibilo exploſa eſt illa de Diis <expan abbr="cõmentitia">commentitia</expan>, <expan abbr="futiliſq́">futiliſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſen<lb></lb>tentia, quòd anus fatidica <foreign lang="grc">πρὸνοια</foreign> foret, & alia pręſenſa, & miracula non diſſerentium, ſed <expan abbr="ſomniantiũ">ſomniantium</expan> <lb></lb>philoſophorum, bella, quęrelę, lamentationes, effuſę in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> intemperantia libidines, adulteria, vincula, <lb></lb>cùm humano genere corporum, miſtio, talaria, caduceus, pileus, pharetra, haſta, galea, fulmen: nolo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>in re grauiſsima turpe aliquod dicere: & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> corpus, <expan abbr="certaq́">certaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> figura, vel vt humana, vel quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5325"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>peius eſt, monſtri potius ſimilis, & omnes, qui cum aliqua gratia philoſophantur, aut iam mente anti<lb></lb>ciparunt deum corporis eſſe expertem, aut facilè patiuntur ſe ab Ariſtotelica demonſtratione conuin<lb></lb>ci qua concluditur Deum, hoc eſt, <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> primum facultatem eſſe ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> magnitudine ſeparatam, non <lb></lb>quæritur ergo infinitus'ne ſit, vt quantum <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, quia verò de motore primo diſſeritur, & facilè nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>datur, quia primus ſit, vnum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſſe; nil agitur de infinitate ſecundùm formam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item de il<lb></lb>lius æternitate dubitatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id aut imbuit iam mentes humanas ipſum <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> facultatem longiſsi<lb></lb>mè ſuperare: quamobrem nec ab alio fieri, nec corrumpi poſſe, aut iam à motus perpetuitare (quanuis <lb></lb>alioqui <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> hęc falſa ſit. </s> <s>ſed nil mirùm concluſionem veram ex falſa hypotheſi nonnunquam cogi) con<lb></lb>fectum eſt primum <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> eſſe æternum. </s> <s>Verùm, vt ipſi dicunt, quæritur an eius vis infinita ſit, atque <lb></lb>in eo infinitatis genere, quod pendet ex latitudine formæ, &, vt aiunt, ſecundùm intentionem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <lb></lb>infinita, non quia ſit imperfecta, & poſtulet aliquem finem extra ſe; verùm quòd <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> terminis exce<lb></lb>dat, & talis eſt problematis noſtri ſenſus, ſit'ne primi motoris vigor infinitus, an æternitas ſola ſufficiat <lb></lb>ad efficiendum motum perpetuum. </s> <s>Multi opinantur etiam Peripateticè concludi poſſe virtutem pri<lb></lb>mi motoris non modò æternam eſſe, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> omnibus terminis excedere, quæ item vetus <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> Theolo<lb></lb>gorum extitiſſe creditur: nanque & Orpheus ita cecinit <foreign lang="grc">θεοῦ δ' ὄμμα ἄπειρον</foreign>. </s> <s>Conantur verò probare <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5326"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propoſitum multis argumentis quorum hæc, meo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> iudicio, ſunt efficaciſsima. </s> <s>Mouet ille primus <lb></lb>motor <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> infinito: vis igitur eius infinita ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>& ita conſecutio rerum declaratur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>ad mouendum per certum <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> tempus aliquantum <expan abbr="viriũ">virium</expan> deſideratur, vt plus moueat maiores re<lb></lb>quiruntur: ad infinitè mouendum igitur infinitum eſſe oportet. </s> <s>Verùm quòd virtus huiuſmodi fami<lb></lb>liaris eſt primo motori, & indiuiduè permanet in eo; <expan abbr="totaq́">totaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimul: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi infinita eſt; infinitum ergo <lb></lb>ſimul erit totum: quamobrem & infinita virtus ſecundùm intentionem. </s> <s>Abutuntur etiam demon<lb></lb>ſtratione quæ conſtructa eſt 8. Phyſ. ea verò ipſa eſt, de qua nunc agimus. </s> <s>Etenim concludi videtur, in<lb></lb>quiunt ipſi, <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> primum non eſſe virtutem in magnitudine, quia moueat tempore infinito. </s> <s>Sed ſi <lb></lb>ſpectetur antecedens, accipit ſine dubio infinitam eſſe eius vim. </s> <s>Nam quæritur, an'ne concipiatur <lb></lb>æternitas, an robur infinitum. </s> <s>ſi verò primum fateantur; tum verè non id ſequitur quod infertur: quan<lb></lb>dò obiiciam ego cęlum cuius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vis in æternum producitur: opponam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> motorem, ſiue <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <lb></lb>cęli Auerrois quam ipſe ponit in magnitudine finita: nihilominus ea eſt in magnitudine, vt id ergo <expan abbr="cõ-ſeruatur">con<lb></lb>ſeruatur</expan>, quod infertur; accipere oportet <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> illud genus infiniti. </s> <s>Et planè fallax eſſe videtur Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>argumentum. </s> <s>Si mouet tempore infinito; ergo non eſt virtus in magnitudine: nam deberet viciſsim <lb></lb>valere. </s> <s>eſt virtus in magnitudine: ergo non mouet tempore infinito. </s> <s>Sed hoc eſt falſum, quia cœlum <lb></lb>eſt virtus in magnitudine; mouet tamen æterno tempore: quare <expan abbr="cõſequentis">conſequentis</expan> oppoſitum cum <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> an<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5327"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tecedente conſiſtit, quod fieri nequit: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem eſt àc ſi argumentaremur. </s> <s>Si eſt homo non eſt album. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed eſt album: ergo non homo, quae aliquis accipere poſſet <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> album, quod eſſet homo. </s> <s>ſic nulla vis <lb></lb>eſt eius conſecutionis. </s> <s>Inſuper efficientia motoris illius ab alio nullo limitari, neque villi lege obnoxia <lb></lb>reddi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>ſed ex ſe ipſa <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> plenitudinem adepta eſt, cùm quantum eſt de <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, tum etiam de <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <lb></lb>agendi. </s> <s>atqui hæc in roboris infinitate ſunt poſita. </s> <s>Eius verò <expan abbr="efficacitatẽ">efficacitatem</expan> nullis legibus eſſe <expan abbr="ſubiectã">ſubiectam</expan> hac <lb></lb>facta partitione cognoſcemus. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> limitatur, ab alio, ſic afficitur, aut à materia, ſiquidem formas <lb></lb>pro merito materiæ tribui <expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> formam accipi, non quidem, vt ipſa <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed vt acci<lb></lb>piens ſuſtinet: ita lumen in aërem peruagatur, repercutitur à terra, aut quod acceſſu <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan> differen<lb></lb>tiæ ad certum genus <expan abbr="cõtrahatur">contrahatur</expan>, aut ſi <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> quid accipere libeat, acceſſu modi ad aliquod totum <lb></lb>redigitur. </s> <s>aut quod ab aliquo pendet, ſiue vt efficiente, ſiue etiam vt fine: quamobrem id <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ſolùm, <lb></lb>quantum ſibi attribuitur: quare tantum <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> magiſtratus, quantum leges iubent: quicquid vltra facit, <lb></lb>præter leges eſt. </s> <s>At motor primus nullo modo obligatus eſt, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiæ particeps eſt, nec ſub <lb></lb><expan abbr="quopiã">quopiam</expan> genere continetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam pendet ab alio; quinimmo ex ipſo reliqua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> apta ſunt. </s> <s>Infini<lb></lb>tus igitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> item agentis, quod ſuapte natura affert effectus infinitos; tametſi quòd vnà ſint eorum <lb></lb>repugnantia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> patitur; infinitum robur eſt. </s> <s>tale <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> agens eſt primus motor, cùm omnes effectus qui <lb></lb>in vniuerſo ſunt, indiuiduè <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>: hos verò ſtante mundi perpetuitate nouimus eſſe infinitos. <pb pagenum="932"></pb>Egidius etiam hoc modo concludebat. </s> <s>Proprius effectus per <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> propriam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="cõſequitur">conſequitur</expan> ſpeciem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5328"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& menſuram. </s> <s>Si ergo totus cęli motus accipiatur, ipſe profectò infinitus eſt, & tota igitur eius cauſſa <lb></lb>infinita. </s> <s>Veruntamen illos vrgebat ea ratio. </s> <s>Si motoris primi vis infinita eſt, cur motus in non <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> <lb></lb>non conficitur? </s> <s>maior <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vis citius mouet, maxima citiſsimè: infinita igitur in non tempore <expan abbr="cõcitabit">concitabit</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Scio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> hæc ſolica confirmari ex iis, quæ tradita ſunt 2. de cęlo, vbi <expan abbr="declaratũ">declaratum</expan> eſt, cur orbes ad aſtra <lb></lb>variis modis eſſent affecti: verùm quòd accipimus inde <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> argui vim infinitam primi motoris, ſed <expan abbr="ab-ſolutã">ab<lb></lb>ſolutam</expan> plenitudinem eius corporis quæ talis eſt, vt melius ſe habere non poſsit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt ſiquid illius <lb></lb>ordinis peruertatur; <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ruant, aut de poteſtate ipſa, quæ ineſt in cęlo à quo aſtra vehi ponuntur; ea di<lb></lb>miſſa tranſeamus ad alia, & illud obſeruemus, quod cęteri ex ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> colligunt; vim mouentium eſſe <lb></lb>finitum. </s> <s>at ſi finita eſt, in illud neceſſariò detrudimur, vt tempore infinito mouere non poſsit. </s> <s>Quapro<lb></lb>pter Auerroës, vt ex hac <expan abbr="cõtrouerſia">controuerſia</expan> ſe ex pediret, motores geminos ſingulis orbibus aſsignauit, vnum. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſcilicet, qui cauſſa foret continui motus; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum qui moueret tempore finito: hanc verò animam <lb></lb>cęli vocat. </s> <s>quam vult ſeorſum voluere <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> orbem, ac fingit habere vim <expan abbr="finitã">finitam</expan>, & mouere tanquam effi<lb></lb>ciens. </s> <s>Eum verò qui cauſſa continui motus eſſet, ſuapte natura neque finitum eſſe, neque infinitum, <lb></lb>&, vt dici ſolet, infinitum negatiuè, non poſitiuè, ſed mouere vt <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, & eius vim per orbes <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuni-ter">communi<lb></lb>ter</expan> pertinere: <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> & in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> <expan abbr="æternitatẽ">æternitatem</expan> ponit, quaſi perpetuitas motus nullo pacto pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5329"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ficiſcatur ab actuoſa virtute. </s> <s>Mihi tamen hæc <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> nomine illo ſuſpecta eſt, <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> explicare <lb></lb>oportet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> æterna mouentia, qualis ponitur anima cęli ab Auerroë; non ſint à materia ſe<lb></lb>parata: ac ſi fuerit à materia ſecreta, cur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habeant <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> facultatem mouendi vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo, <lb></lb>nec <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> naturæ ſint, quanuis analogicè, & cum <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ordine perfectionis. </s> <s>Prętereà videtur in hanc <lb></lb>ſententià argumentum Scoti valere; ita vt auctor eius <expan abbr="ſentẽtię">ſententię</expan> ex ea difficultate ſe extricandi <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> haud <lb></lb>facilè reperiat; erat autem hoc. </s> <s>Mouet <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> infinito: eſt ergo virtus à magnitudine ſeparata, & quæ <lb></lb>ſequuntur. </s> <s>At verò illi qui infinitatem in Deo ponunt, ſed agere per voluntatem aptius quidem, licèt <lb></lb>Peripateticè minus, <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> reddere poſſunt, cur efficiat motum finitum. </s> <s>determinat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> agens volunta<lb></lb>rium ſibi officium ſuum quantum, quandiu, & quomodo agere velit, illud præſertim quod in agen<lb></lb>do non pendet ex alio, ſed ipſum ſibi eſt finis: agere autem ipſum per voluntatem inde conſtat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim mens, & natura agunt propter finem. </s> <s>Atqui agenti ex natura finis determinatur, determinans <lb></lb>autem eſt mens vt patet exemplo ſagittæ quæ per ſe ipſam non contendit ad ſcopum, ſed à torquente <lb></lb>dirigitur. </s> <s>Deus eſt prima mens: ergo primum determinans. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mens determinans à voluntate de<lb></lb>terminatur: igitur & Deus à ſua voluntate determinatos agit. </s> <s>Prætereà omne agens naturale eſt deter<lb></lb>minatum. </s> <s>Dei eſſe non eſt determinatum: ergo <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> agere. </s> <s>Non igitur Deus eſt agens naturale. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cęterùm omne agens agit vel per naturam, vel per voluntatem. </s> <s>Agit igitur Deus per voluntatem. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5330"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Item effectus proficiſcuntur à cauſſa agente, vt in ea præexiſtunt: ſiquidem <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> agens agat ſibi ſimile; <lb></lb>præexiſtunt verò effectus in cauſſa per modum cauſſæ. </s> <s>Sed eſſe Diuinum eſt intelligere. </s> <s>quare ſunt in <lb></lb>illo effectus, vt intelligendi. </s> <s>Verùm quæ per modum intelligendi exiſtunt, à voluntate naſcuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> etſi virtus infinita, opus tamen <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan> eſt, ac longè aliter, atque experiamur in virtute corporea: <lb></lb>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſola explicat <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> ſuam virtutem, & <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> ſemper agit per ſe, quantum poteſt. </s> <s>Verumenimuero <lb></lb>nos hæc Peripatetica non eſſe cenſemus. </s> <s>Etenim oſtenſum eſt olim finem per ſeipſum habere vim de<lb></lb>terminandi, quia per ſe bonus, boni <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hoc eſt proprium, vt excitet appetitum ſiue <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, ſeu <expan abbr="anima-lẽ">anima<lb></lb>lem</expan> in eo cui bonum eſt, ac <expan abbr="determinationẽ">determinationem</expan> in appetitu præcedere finis <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> concepta, vel, vt dicam com<lb></lb>munius, experta, in natura quidem pro captu & apparatu materiæ, ſicut patet in iis quæ mouentur ex <lb></lb>natura, quæ velocius aguntur quo ſuo loco ſunt viciniora, in mente verò pro conditione <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="ſtatuſq́">ſtatuſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>præſentis: hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt principia proxima <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus in nobis. </s> <s>Etiam ratio hæc accipit id non Peripate<lb></lb>ticum <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> eſſe agens, & in eo rerum rationes ineſſe. </s> <s>Rationes verò quibus probatur Deum agere per <lb></lb>voluntatem, tum diluentur, cùm perceperimus quis agendi modus à Peripateticis Deo concedatur; id <lb></lb>verò tum conſtabit, cùm vim Ariſtotelicę demonſtrationis expenderim, quod proximè fiet.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5331"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5322"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5323"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5324"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5325"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5326"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5327"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5328"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5329"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5330"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5331"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid ex Aristotelis ſententia de infinitate mouentium decernendum ſit, & argumenta <lb></lb>oppoſita diluuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AD exitum huiuſmodi difficultatum vis noſtræ demonſtrationis exploranda eſt. </s> <s>ab illa igitur au<lb></lb>ſpicantes, eam primum in medio afferamus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> è praua illius <expan abbr="intelligẽtia">intelligentia</expan> factum eſt, vt varia <lb></lb>philoſophi noſtri profiterentur, & plura ab Ariſt. </s> <s>doctrina aliena inculcarent. </s> <s>Illud enim proponebatur <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="concludendũ">concludendum</expan> quod item epilogo collectum eſt 8. Phyſ. & quòd poſtmodo in prima philoſophia te<lb></lb>ſtatur ſe <expan abbr="demõſtraſſe">demonſtraſſe</expan> philoſophus; nempè motorem primum eſſe <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> magnitudine <expan abbr="ſeparatã">ſeparatam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> peragendum <expan abbr="vſurpatũ">vſurpatum</expan> eſt dilemma quod tale fuit. </s> <s>Nempè ſi foret virtus in magnitudine; <lb></lb>ea certè foret in magnitudine, quę finita eſſet, aut infinita; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>virtus aut eſſe finita, aut infinita. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>quia nulla magnitudo infinita ſit; idcirco nulla virtus reperitur quę ſit in magnitudine infinita. </s> <s>Sit <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> <lb></lb>magnitudo finita: nunc virtus aut finita eſt, aut infinita. </s> <s>Neutrum verò eſſe poteſt? </s> <s>quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam <lb></lb>primum mouens <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe virtus in magnitudine. </s> <s>Quòd autem virtus infinita non ſit; ex eo liquet, quae <lb></lb>in non <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> moueret. </s> <s>ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ponit philoſophus virtutem <expan abbr="corporeã">corpoream</expan> <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> præſtare quod <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: <lb></lb><expan abbr="finitã">finitam</expan> verò <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> non eſſe conſtat, quia <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> non efficeret infinitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Vtrunq.">Vtrunque</expan> verò conſequi perſpicitur <lb></lb>expoſitis quibuſdam. </s> <s>Et quantum de primo eſt, quo infinita virtus accipitur: ſtatuitur pars alicuius <pb pagenum="933"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5332"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mouentis, quæ moueat <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> mobilis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> in minore <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>, & illa inferuntur quæ <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="interpretũ">interpretum</expan> <lb></lb>optimè declarauit Simplicius. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quæ ſanè hypotheſis turbas maximas in Ariſtotelica philoſophia <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg5333"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>citauit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex iis quæ olim à nobis <expan abbr="cõcluſa">concluſa</expan> ſunt, quà de <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> proportione verba fecimus: propor<lb></lb>tio quæ eſt totius ad totum, potius in parte minuitur. </s> <s>Ideò cùm temporis paucitas velocitatem ſigni<lb></lb>ficare videatur: ea verò naſcatur ab efficacitate maiore motoris; eiuſmodi proportio creſceret in parte, <lb></lb>quod abhorret à vero. </s> <s>Quocirca D. Thomas, & alij qui ipſi ſucceſſerunt, geminam rationem exco<lb></lb>gitarunt partium quæ mouerentur, aut enim ſumuntur, inquiunt, quatenus in certo ſpatij puncto <lb></lb>deſignantur, aut vt totum ſpatium conficere debent, quòd ſi in certo ſpatij puncto notentur; nulli <lb></lb>dubium eſſe dicunt, quin illud punctum prius à parte, quàm à toto conficiatur. </s> <s>Si verò ſpectetur ſpa<lb></lb>tium vniuerſum, idem tempore æquali totum, & parteis abſoluunt. </s> <s>Id proptereà cùm accipit Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles partem in minore tempore moueri, quàm totum, aiunt euenire in partem, vbi in certo pun<lb></lb>cto deſignetur; non autem ſi totum ſpatium exigendum ſit: nam ſi ſtatuatur partem moueri per to<lb></lb>tum ſpatium; non mouebitur ſolùm in tempore finito, ſed poterit etiam moueri per tempus infini<lb></lb>tum, vt ſi ſpatium fuerit infinitum, aut idem ſpatium repetatur in infinitum, quemadmodum fit in <lb></lb>motu cęleſti. </s> <s>Verùm eſto rem ita eſſe, vt docuit D. Thomas: at quínam fructus ex ea demonſtratio<lb></lb>ne colligeretur, quantum ad id attinet quod nos curioſius in præſentia veſtigamus; vim nimirùm fini<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5334"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tam mouere tempore finito? </s> <s>neque enim ex illa hypotheſi <expan abbr="cõſequetur">conſequetur</expan>, vt quandoque ceſſet eiuſmodi <lb></lb>virtus, quod ſuſceptum fuerat ad probandum: nam ſi ſpatium fuerit infinitum, & totum per illud crea<lb></lb>tur; eius item partis motus poterit ſufficere in infinitum: neque enim id ex argumento D. Thomę <lb></lb>deſtruitur, quod tamen Ariſtoteles omni conatu euertere nitebatur. </s> <s>Proptereà quantum eſt de vi <lb></lb>demonſtrationis illius; ea ni fallor, innititur duobus ſumptionibus in philoſophia naturali maximè ve<lb></lb>ris, & ad <expan abbr="veritatẽ">veritatem</expan> eius elucidandam valde accommodatis, quarum ea prima eſt, partem virtutis mo<lb></lb>uentis non intelligi abſolutè, vt ab eo toto ſegregetur, ita vt eius ablatione de toto quippiam minua<lb></lb>tur, ſed aliam vim quæ tantundem valeat, quantum pars illa, ſi à toto ſeiungeretur. </s> <s>& quantunuis <lb></lb>proportionem habeat ad aliam partem mobilis, quæcunque illa ſit quæ ſolet appellari pars virtualis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Altera verò. </s> <s>Robur facultatis motricis quæ in magnitudine ſubſiſtit, ſpectari: non quia velocius mo<lb></lb>uere poſsit, ſed in breuius <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ſufficere. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in aliis proprietatibus virtutum <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan> numeratur, vt <lb></lb>earum robur ex diuturnitate iudicetur; nam quo robuſtior vis eſt, eò mouet diuturnius, quò imbecil<lb></lb>lior, eò citius elangueſcit, atque in Andrea Camutio vim <expan abbr="robuſtiſsimã">robuſtiſsimam</expan> eſſe dicimus, quæ patiatur eum <lb></lb><expan abbr="agentẽ">agentem</expan> annum <expan abbr="octauũ">octauum</expan> & ſexageſimum per <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> viginti dierum, hibernorum totum iter permetiri à <lb></lb>Piſis <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad Lauretum, <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. </s> <s>reuerti nunquam equo vſum, ſed pedibus: in me <expan abbr="infirmã">infirmam</expan> quæ non ſu<lb></lb>ſtineat, vt vna die viginti ſtadia pedibus <expan abbr="exigã">exigam</expan>. </s> <s>cùm enim propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> contrariis obnoxia ſit, fatiga<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5335"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, & euaneſcit in progreſſu. </s> <s>quapropter ſi in <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> permanſura fuerit; infinitam eſſe oportet, vel <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, vel intentionem, ſi magnitudo infinita non datur. </s> <s>Quamobrem, ſi fuerit infi<lb></lb>nita propter <expan abbr="intentionẽ">intentionem</expan>, magnitudo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mobilis finita; mouebit certè in non tempore: hoc verò cùm <lb></lb>ſit <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>, ſignificat item illud eſſe <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> quod anteceſsit. </s> <s>Primum mouens .ſ. </s> <s>eſſe virtutem in ma<lb></lb>gnitudine. </s> <s>Quocirca rectiſsimè <expan abbr="cõcluditur">concluditur</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>virtutem <expan abbr="finitã">finitam</expan> non poſſe ſufficere in infinitum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc de demonſtrationis huiuſce progreſſu. </s> <s>Sed ad id, vt Latinorum obiectiones ritè diſſoluantur; hęc <lb></lb>prætereà repetenda quæ pertinent ad <expan abbr="agnoſcendã">agnoſcendam</expan> naturam primi mouentis. </s> <s>Primùm metaphoricè di<lb></lb>ci ipſum eſſe <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>, aut infinitum; cùm ſit ipſe <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> finis: verùm quia continet omnes perfectiones, <lb></lb>nec eo maius, aut expletius <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> cogitari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: quin nec illius præſtantia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> cadere in <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> men<lb></lb>tem; ita ſuperat <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> eius captum, nec ſecus àc lumen illuſtriſsimi Solis in æſtiua meridie noctuæ lu<lb></lb>mina vincat, <expan abbr="ſuoq́">ſuoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſplendore offuſcet. </s> <s>quamobrem dicebat Simonides, quantò diutius cogito, tantò mi<lb></lb>hi res videtur obſcurior. </s> <s>quòd igitur immenſo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> interuallo ſuperat menteis noſtras, habetur pro <lb></lb>infinito. </s> <s><expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>laudatur magis ab Ariſt. </s> <s>Parmenides, quàm Meliſſus; quia de principio loquens <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>poſuerit finitum: nam qui finitum dicit, is ſignificat abſolutum; infinitum verò inchoatum quid eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deinde cùm ſit finis & optimus, <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan> ſpectabilis eſt, & appetendus, mouet igitur, cùm appetatur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5336"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& mouet etiam pro captu ſpectantis, & appetentis. </s> <s>cùm autem ipſe per ſe finis ſit, & eſſentia definita; <lb></lb>definito etiam modo concipitur, & definito quodam appetitu deſideratur: idcirco & actio definita <lb></lb>ab eo deſcendit, & quæ <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> ſpatium certo <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> interuallo conficiat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò pręfinitionis huiu<lb></lb>ſce <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> arbitrari oportet, quod faciunt nonnulli, captum & <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> mobilium ipſorum, vel ea <lb></lb>quantitas ſpatij ſit, vel etiam corporis, quod mouetur, ſiue alia <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ponatur ab illis: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per<lb></lb>uertetur ordo naturæ quæ <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> inſtituit ad formas, & prout <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> <expan abbr="pulchritudinẽ">pulchritudinem</expan> appetitui ſubie<lb></lb>cit, ita materiæ gradus pro portione ſubſtrauit, nec paſſa eſt <expan abbr="mouẽti">mouenti</expan> facultati deeſſe, quòd ita afficeretur, <lb></lb>quantum ipſi licet efficere. </s> <s>aliter aliqua poteſtas eſſet fruſtra. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quòd Ariſt. </s> <s>agens de cor<lb></lb>pore cęleſti, ipſum ad illud <expan abbr="inſtitutũ">inſtitutum</expan> fuiſſe teſtatur, & ita ſe habere, quoniam <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan> ſit ita eſſe, & opti<lb></lb>mè <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> feciſſe, quæ cęlum exemerit à contrariis, & optimè item fuiſſe tornatum, vt exciperet <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> mo<lb></lb>tum, qui futurus eſſet perpetuus. </s> <s>quare patet haſce naturas ad ſuperiores fuiſſe <expan abbr="accõmodatas">accommodatas</expan>, vt, ſiquid <lb></lb>actura ſit poteſtas ſuprema; illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> præſtò futurum ſit, quod id patiatur, & eo modo, quo illa agere <lb></lb>potuit. </s> <s>quòd ſiquid ipſa plus valeat, iam non motus futurus ſit, ſed aliud <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> opus longè præſtan<lb></lb>tius, vt in beatis mentibus intelligentia, fortaſſe etiam ad <expan abbr="perniciẽ">perniciem</expan>: nam ſi tantus ignis fuerit, tempera<lb></lb>tè poterit excalfacere, ſi maximus; etiam <expan abbr="cõburet">comburet</expan>, ſicut ſi <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> viſile, <expan abbr="corrũpet">corrumpet</expan> oculum nycticoracis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tametſi aliam <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> eſſe profiteor eius quod eſt appeti in ipſo, & eius quod eſt intelligi: nam totus <pb pagenum="934"></pb>intelligitur planè, ſed à ſe ipſo ſolùm; appetitus cùm ſit externæ rei, non <expan abbr="eouſq.">eouſque</expan> prouehitur, vt tantum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5337"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>expetatur, quantum ipſe eſt, ſed quantus eſt appetentis rei captus. </s> <s>Illud planè dabit philoſophus, ſi ta<lb></lb>lis eſt virtus agentis, & talis habilitas patientis, hoc actionis genus emanare, ſed id falſum reputabit, <lb></lb>modum talis actionis ex <expan abbr="impotẽtia">impotentia</expan> ſubſtrati proficiſci, cùm virtus mouens plus multò potuiſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>cogitare oportet mouens tanquam nihil agens: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> indiget actione, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> teſtatus optimè Auer<lb></lb>roës eſt, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> actionem verò cęlo ipſi tribuere: nam motus in ipſo eſt: <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεγρεία</foreign>, & ita de cęlo <expan abbr="agendũ">agendum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5338"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tanquam de corpore animato, quod ita cognoſcat & appetat, & ita operetur, quantum intelligit, & ap<lb></lb>petit: tantum verò appetere & intelligere, quantum inde actio ſumma quæ corpori illi <expan abbr="cõueniens">conueniens</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>exoriri poſsit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ibi mouens, & mobile perpetua ſint, ac mouens à materia <expan abbr="ſecretũ">ſecretum</expan>, & <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> <lb></lb>actus, ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vires <expan abbr="vtrinq.">vtrinque</expan> finitæ; ſequitur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, vt motus perpetuus ſit, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>præfinitæ celerita<lb></lb>tis; cùm cęteroqui ſi mouens eſſet virtus corporea, in mouendo moueretur, & fatigaretur, & deficeret, <lb></lb>niſi foret infinita. </s> <s>Quamobrem non erat, quòd anxietatem nobis afferret illa dubitatio. </s> <s>Primùm mo<lb></lb>uens in <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tempore <expan abbr="moturũ">moturum</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> infinitate motus in <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> proficiſcitur. </s> <s>i. loci mutatio, <lb></lb>ſed ab ea vi quæ in magnitudine ſubſiſtat, & ſit purè naturalis: hanc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> gradus infiniti eſſe neceſſe eſt, <lb></lb>vt in infinitum ſuffectura ſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="cùmq́">cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>pro <expan abbr="excellẽtia">excellentia</expan> ſuę efficacitatis agat, in non <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> moueat opus eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed quanuis certa & præfinita ſit facultas mouentis, cùm ſit extra magnitudinem, non fatigatur, ideò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5339"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> perpetuò mouere. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi mobile perpetuum ſit, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> quoque, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illum quidem certę pernici<lb></lb>tatis exoriri aſſeremus. </s> <s>His acceptis tentandum mox eſt diluere argumenta, quibus altera pars noſtri <lb></lb>problematis confirmabatur. </s> <s>Ac primum quo Caietanus vſus eſt, ita tollitur. </s> <s>Cùm enim opponitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mouet <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> infinito: virtus igitur roboris infiniti. </s> <s>Negamus id ſequi, quòd aiunt. </s> <s>Probant ſic, <expan abbr="quo-niã">quo<lb></lb>niam</expan> aliquantum virium mouet per aliquod tempus, plus <expan abbr="viriũ">virium</expan> mouet plus: ita igitur infinito tempore <lb></lb>virtus infinita moueat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>At nos dicimus id euenire, vbi virtus in corpore exiſtat, ſed cùm ſit <lb></lb>extra corpus, & æterna cuncta principia, motus; motus perpetuus inde naſcetur, nec robur infinitum <lb></lb>actu deſiderabitur. </s> <s>Cùm pòſt vrgebat Scotus Peripateticos concludens in antecedente Ariſtotelico ſu<lb></lb>mi virtutem, quæ foret roboris infiniti. </s> <s>decipi illum primò dicimus in argumento concludendo: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim ſic procedit, vt ipſe dicebat aſſumens, id quod infinito <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> mouet, eſſe <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed <lb></lb>ita, ſi fuerit virtus concreta <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> corporea: & <expan abbr="vitiũ">vitium</expan> ſubeſt à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Quare cùm <lb></lb>ſecundo loco interrogat, an accipiatur infinitum ex robore, an'ne ex duratione: reſpondemus, vbi vir<lb></lb>tus magnitudine conſiſtat, neceſſe <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe roboris infiniti: <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> virtus, niſi fuerit infinita ab initio motus; <lb></lb>quantumuis robuſta ſit, languet in proceſſu. </s> <s>Cùm verò opponitur cęlum, quod eſt virtus in magnitu<lb></lb>dine, & tamen æterno tempore mouetur, & mouet corpora infra Lunam. </s> <s>At quæritur in problemate <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5340"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>noſtro de virtute illa quæ mouet primò, & ſimpliciter mouet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mouet, quia <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> ab alio, quale <lb></lb>nouimus eſſe corpus cęleſte, aut animam cęli. </s> <s>Idcirco talis obiectio progreſſum Ariſt. </s> <s>nulla ex parte <lb></lb>labefactat. </s> <s>Addebatur tertio loco, primum <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> continere <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>; quare etiam virtutis eſ<lb></lb>ſe infinitæ. </s> <s>Nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> dato antecedente id quod infertur, conſequi negamus. </s> <s>Etenim ipſe finis eſt; ideò <lb></lb>per ſe ipſum & <expan abbr="eſsẽtialiter">eſsentialiter</expan> finitus, veluti <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> forma per <expan abbr="ſeipsã">ſeipsam</expan> finita eſt, cùm ſit <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> finis; <expan abbr="mul-toq́ue">mul<lb></lb>toque</expan> magis ipſe Deus, cùm ſit finis <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> rerum; non tamen infinitus. </s> <s>Opponebatur quarto loco. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> quod infinitos effectus <expan abbr="cõmplectitur">complectitur</expan>, eſſe infinitum; hoc verò nos ad hunc ſenſum damus, ſi eos, vt <lb></lb>fertur, formaliter contineret, & vnà omnes, ſed Deus non continet ita effectus. </s> <s>alia quædam eſt entele<lb></lb>chia quæ Deo tribui debet, ab illa quæ eſt in Sole, quatenus continet <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>. </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> agit Deus, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſui <lb></lb>deſiderium incutiat, non vt efficiens quod rei faciendæ <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in ſe habet, ſiue actu, ſeu virtute (id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>nobis in præſentia concedatur) effectus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in cęteris cauſsis proximis <expan abbr="cõtinentur">continentur</expan>, in quibus inſunt per <lb></lb>ſucceſsionem, ad <expan abbr="eoſq́">eoſque</expan>. </s> <s>propalandos, & ad actum permouendos, æternitas ſola ſat eſt. </s> <s>Quoniam verò <lb></lb>obiiciebat Egidius effectum proprium à ſua cauſſa accipere <expan abbr="pręfinitionẽ">pręfinitionem</expan> & <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan>; demus. </s> <s>& hoc: cùm <lb></lb>ſumit <expan abbr="vniuersũ">vniuersum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ſimul qui ſic erit infinitus, ex quo efficiebat <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan> ſimul eſſe <expan abbr="infinitã">infinitam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At in eo falſum, & quod fieri non poſsit, accipitur, & inducitur repugnantia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> motus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5341"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>facit, quòd ſucceſsiuum ſit. </s> <s>Verùm fac tu <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> accipi vt formam, veluti cùm accipitur ab anima, <lb></lb>& efficitur aptus ad intelligendum: fac <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mentem <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> complecti cauſſæ infinitatem: negatur ta<lb></lb>men hæc tota ſimul eſſe intentionis infinitæ, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> non ſequitur, vt in motu, qui totus conci<lb></lb>pitur, ſit infinita velocitas, ſed <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> cum cauſſæ, tum effectus extentio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> productio à mente con<lb></lb>trahitur in indiuiduum. </s> <s>quanquam & inanima <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> præſefert imaginem productionis & diuiſionis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nil igitur habet ponderis contra nos AEgidiana obiectio. </s> <s>Proinde mouet Deus per <expan abbr="eſsẽtiam">eſsentiam</expan> quidem, <lb></lb>ſed ita vt moueat non quantum ipſe eſt ſimpliciter, verùm quantum appeti <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ab eo quod mouetur, <lb></lb>& ita manifeſtat vniuerſam <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> ſuam, quæ planè finita eſt, ſed æterna: quare efficit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> certæ ve<lb></lb>locitatis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> quidem perpetuum. </s> <s>Quapropter ad <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> poſtremo loco allatas ita cenſeo reſpon<lb></lb>dendum: negamus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in primo determinans eſſe <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, quae in natura ſunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> fines, vt formę. </s> <s>Verunta<lb></lb>men hîc eſto mens determinans, at non determinat ipſa fine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ſibi propoſito, ſed per eſſentiam <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan>, <lb></lb>& per <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> naturæ: inde verò non infertur Deum efficere motum determinatum per voluntatem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad ſecundùm dicimus Deum eſſe ſimul mouens <expan abbr="determinatũ">determinatum</expan> & indeterminatum hoc modo, quòd eſ<lb></lb>ſentia ſua maximè finita eſt, quippe per ſe ipſam finita; indeterminatum verò, quòd æquè opponitur <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturæ: atqui ex hoc indeterminato non infertur, aut in agendo voluntas, aut opus infinitum. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed ſi fuerit agens indeterminatum, quae excedat <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> terminis. </s> <s>Idcirco etiam cùm in Deo ſit intellige<lb></lb>re, & appeti, necnon <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> in ipſo ſint idem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem, cùm <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, quae intelligere eſt internus actus; eſſe, <pb pagenum="935"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5342"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& appeti reſpicit externum; ex hac diuerſa habitudine efficitur, vt non ſint idem appeti, & agere per eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam, & per intellectum, ſeu <expan abbr="voluntatẽ">voluntatem</expan>, nec in ordine ad alia ſit <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe Dei, & intelligere Dei, quod <lb></lb>patet ex Ariſtotelico decreto. </s> <s>ſtatuit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> omnibus aliis ab illo <expan abbr="cõmunicatum">communicatum</expan> fuiſſe, quòd ſint; negat nihi<lb></lb>lominus <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> eorum quæ ſunt extra ipſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> rectè ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> ſuper fundamen<lb></lb>tis naturalibus extructa eſt, qua <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> ſine materia <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> eſſe concluſum eſt, ac ſubinde <expan abbr="prędicatũ">prędicatum</expan> <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>indiuiduum eſſe, & extra cęlum: ac ſiquando in cęlo collocetur, ibi conſtituitur, quae ibi primùm virtus <lb></lb>eius agnoſcatur quæ ſeſe nobis per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> prodit: in cęlo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> velociſsimus eſt, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ma<lb></lb>ximè in ſphæra ſuprema, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in eius dextera parte, vnde talis motus <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> exiſtere putant omnes phi<lb></lb>loſophi id à Poëtis, & Theologis accipientes: nam Poëtæ in ſummo cęli vertice Deum collocant. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>inde Plato <foreign lang="grc">τὸν ὑπερουράνιον τόπον</foreign> Deo ſolebat aſsignare; is verò erat <foreign lang="grc">ἐπι τῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ νώτῳ</foreign>. </s> <s>Et Theo<lb></lb>logi Pallada, quæ cum Sole <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> opificium abſoluit; in ſphæra inerrante, vel circum <expan abbr="arietẽ">arietem</expan>, vel virginem, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> ſigna ſeptentrionalia poſuerunt. </s> <s>Quin etiam <expan abbr="arietẽ">arietem</expan> AEgyptij ſupra <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> colebant, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>generationis <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> aſtrorum <expan abbr="perniciſsimũ">perniciſsimum</expan>, cùm ad <expan abbr="æquinoctialẽ">æquinoctialem</expan> iaceat, qui circulus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>maximus eſt; vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Deûm <expan abbr="hominumq́">hominumque</expan>. </s> <s>parentem, vt opinabantur, Iouem <expan abbr="Ammonẽ">Ammonem</expan> arietina facie <lb></lb>expreſſerunt. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mihi magis arrident, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ea quę Porphyrius, <expan abbr="aliiq́">aliique</expan>. </s> <s>Platonici de Deo teſtantur, & ge<lb></lb>neratim de vniuerſis ſubſtantiis à materia ſecretis, quòd nullibi ſunt, & æqualiter vbicunque, quia .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5343"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nullo certo loco concludantur, & <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> par <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> virtus exiſtat: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> circunſcriptæ ſunt, ſed aliquod <lb></lb>eſt primum vbi, in quo primò virtus <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> compareat; inde continuitatis cauſſa per gradus quoſdam <lb></lb>modo naturali, hoc eſt, efficacius in propinquo, languidius in remoto, <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> transferatur, vt quaſi <lb></lb>ibi ſit ex præſentia, alibi ex virtute duntaxat: aliter <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> rei adforet eadem virtus: ergo & eadem mu<lb></lb>nera, ſed corpora vicinia <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtantia diſcernuntur, & varietas materiæ multum immutat de rerum <lb></lb>perfectione. </s> <s>Ita igitur motor primus in cęlo eſt, & ab omni materia ſeparatus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5332"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5333"></margin.target>a 3. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 78.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5334"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5335"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5336"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5337"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5338"></margin.target>a Paraphr. <lb></lb></s> <s>2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5339"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5340"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5341"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5342"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5343"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vnde petantur initia motus in cęlo. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAE cùm ſint; patet quemadmodum vnum per ſe mobile ſit, & è duabus partibus conflatum, <lb></lb>quarum vna per ſe moueatur; altera moueat: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex materia, & forma quæ per mate<lb></lb>riam extendatur, & cùm ea diuidi poſsit, velut ex animo & corpore animal; nec etiam ex mouente ſa<lb></lb>nè ſeparato, veruntamen in materia, ſed vt ex per ſe mobili quidem, quod actu ſit, & per ſe mouente, <lb></lb>quod mobili præſit, ſicut operi architectus, & indiuiduo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> nexu vnum fiat citra materiæ gluten, <lb></lb>vt ita dicam. </s> <s>Sed quanuis ita ſit, adhuc inſtar maxima difficultas, an'ne hæc duo principia ſufficiant <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5344"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> illum præſtandum: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vllum aliud aut in phyſicis repertum fuiſſe dices, aut aliud 12. <lb></lb>primæ philoſophiæ fateberis eſſe concluſum. </s> <s>Contrà ea non ſufficere omnes ferè, vt mihi videtur; <lb></lb>etiam gratis dant, qui <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> cœlo tribuunt. </s> <s>At ſi alius adſit motor, vnde notuit nobis? </s> <s>hic rurſus aut <lb></lb>erit in materia, aut ab ea ſeparatus: ſi is materia concretus ſit, quo pacto aut in infinitum mouebit, aut <lb></lb>in non tempore abſoluet motum? </s> <s>Hęc igitur hactenus vrgent nos quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> faciles habeant explicatus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> exitus inde fortaſſe reperietur, ſi obſeruemus ea quæ ſeorſum accidunt ſingulis quæ per ſe <lb></lb>mouentur; mox ad generalia tranſeamus. </s> <s>In iis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> perſpicuum eſt fieri non poſſe, vt <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> mouea<lb></lb>tur, niſi etiam maneat aliquid: id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, quod manere oportet, geminum in nobismetipſis agnoſcimus, <lb></lb>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> internum eſt, & corporis noſtri pars, veluti cùm digitus agitatur, manet corpus, & dum mouetur <lb></lb>hic; brachium quieſcit, aut externum: hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> generaliter pertinet ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ mouentur: id verò eſt <lb></lb>quo innititur, vt terra terrenis animantibus, aqua natantibus, & volantibus aër. </s> <s><expan abbr="Conſimiliq́">Conſimilique</expan>. </s> <s>modo <lb></lb>mouens <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan>, vt moueat; externi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> indiget, quo debeat inniti, vt faciat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> non ob aliud ſa<lb></lb>nè, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd in mouendo mouetur; ita nauim nauta remo impellit; hic <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> aqua innititur; ea verò ma<lb></lb>net immobilis, nec patitur ſe repelli: hinc contra fluminis curſum remi vſus nullus eſt, quòd impellen<lb></lb>dus eſt aduerſus <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, vt ſuſtineat remum, ea verò fugit ocyus, quàm impulſio facta ſit, & conto opus <lb></lb>eſt, qui terra innixus impellere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; ſecundùm aquam verò remus vtilis eſt: nam tum aqua defluens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5345"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſiſtit remo in aduerſum propellenti. </s> <s>At verò cùm hæc euidentiſsima ſint apud nos; at dubium certè vi<lb></lb>deri poſsit in motu cęleſti. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partem <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> ipſius immobilem eſſe <expan abbr="cenſendũ">cenſendum</expan> eſt; quandò ea ma<lb></lb>nente reliquas aut vnà quieſcere, aut ab immobili motus diſiungi neceſſe ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> extra <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> aliquid eſ<lb></lb>ſe quod maneat quo cęlum, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> nos terra nitatur: ſiquidem extra cęli <expan abbr="cõplexum">complexum</expan> aliud <expan abbr="nul-lũ">nul<lb></lb>lum</expan> corpus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mobile, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> manens exiſtat. </s> <s>Quamobrem, vt è medio tolleret hanc difficultatem, mul<lb></lb>ta <expan abbr="cõmenta">commenta</expan> eſt antiquitas, quæ tamen vana & futilia forent, vt adhuc in eius euenti cauſſa inuenienda <lb></lb>inſudare oporteat. </s> <s>Nam pronunciarunt <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> Atlantem pedib. terra innixum cęlum humeris attin<lb></lb>gere, & agitare perpetuò. </s> <s>quaſi illud immobile quo cęlum & motor eius innituntur, cęli quidem pars <lb></lb>non ſit, tamen intra ambitum cęli contineatur. </s> <s>Nonnulli <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> ſanè motus immobile putabant, ve<lb></lb>rùm eiuſmodi quod pars vlla <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſet eius, quod mouetur, ſed terminus ſolùm; polos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tale <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe voluerunt. </s> <s>Empedocles Anaxagoras, & Democritus <expan abbr="celerẽ">celerem</expan> conuerſionem <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eſſe arbitrantur, <lb></lb>vt cęlum per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſpatium perpetuò voluatur; ex quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rationem ſe afferre credunt, cur terra immo<lb></lb>bilis in medio quieſcat, vt aliàs dictum eſt. </s> <s>Plato demum perpetuæ volutationis <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> animatæ <expan abbr="cuidã">cuidam</expan> <lb></lb>neceſsitati adſcripſit. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> tamen & <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan>, & ſigillatim aliqua nota digni ſunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vniuerſi ge<lb></lb>neratim eiuſmodi affectionem in cęlo excogitaſſe videntur quæ cum labore & fatigatione ſit coniun<lb></lb>cta, quaſi ſtatus naturalis optimus non ſit, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſa requiratur quæ <expan abbr="legẽ">legem</expan> naturalem ipſius immu <pb pagenum="936"></pb>tet, & <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> imponat. </s> <s>Cęterùm ea quæ in obeundo munere defatigantur, illa ſunt quæ cauſſam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5346"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſtulant, quæ vel eorum <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> <expan abbr="durationemq́">durationemque</expan>. </s> <s>producant, vel <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan> vltra <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> natura patiatur, <expan abbr="extendãt">extendant</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod igitur non fatigatur, talis principij non eget quod vllam vim afferat; huiuſmodi verò eſt ipſum <lb></lb>cęlum. </s> <s>Nam quod indiget illius cauſſæ, optimè affectionis & ſtatus expers eſt. </s> <s>atqui cœlum optimè <lb></lb>ſe habet, & cùm moueatur eò verſus, quò vergit; non incidit in laſsitudinem: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura <expan abbr="cõſtitutum">conſtitutum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, vt ei conueniat motus in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>, non minus quàm terrę deſcenſus: quare ſi fieri poſſet, vt terra <expan abbr="de-ſcẽderet">de<lb></lb>ſcenderet</expan> in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan>, quia ſuapte natura mouetur, infinito <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> ferretur, nec certè vnquam laboraret; <lb></lb>ſic cęlo motus ille natiuus eſt, & ingenitus: quapropter in eo nulla defatigationis cauſſa cogitanda eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Seorſum verò reprehendere licet <expan abbr="Empedoclẽ">Empedoclem</expan>, cùm id in medio ponat cuius alia cauſſa <expan abbr="quærẽda">quærenda</expan> ſit, nec <lb></lb>ab ipſo ne indicetur quidem, nedum exprimatur. </s> <s>etenim è veſtigio percunctabor, vndenam tam celer <lb></lb>illa concitatio proficiſcatur. </s> <s>quòd ſi celeritatis illius cauſſas afferat, <expan abbr="eaſdẽ">eaſdem</expan> ego item ad <expan abbr="explicandã">explicandam</expan> <expan abbr="quę-ſtionẽ">quę<lb></lb>ſtionem</expan> noſtram <expan abbr="accõmodabo">accommodabo</expan>. </s> <s>cur .ſ. </s> <s>perpetuò moueatur, cùm illo careat quo inniti oporteat. </s> <s>Sic eo no<lb></lb>mine <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> polorum aſſertores agitabo, quòd illorum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> reperiuntur nonnullæ ſubſtantiæ, quę cor<lb></lb>poreo munere fungerentur, eæ tamen indiuiduæ forent: atqui nulla talis exiſtit. </s> <s>Prætereà conuerſio <lb></lb><expan abbr="cunctarũ">cunctarum</expan> motionum maximè vna eſt; vnus verò motus, vnum mobile, mouens vnum abſolutè requi<lb></lb>rit. </s> <s>poli verò duo motus initia forent, & quanuis duo remiges ad vnius nauis impulſum conuenire vi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5347"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deantur, aut ille non eſt vnus motus ſimpliciter, aut eſt imperfectorum proprietas, qui cùm primi <lb></lb>non ſint, ſocium non auerſantur. </s> <s>Hìc quęritur primus motor qui in ſuo munere perfungendo ſocium <lb></lb>non admittit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> Atlas ille de quo Homerus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5344"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5345"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5346"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5347"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">- ἔχει δέτε κίονας ἀυτὸσ<lb></lb> Μακρὰς αἵ γαῖαν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρύν ἔχουσι</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>non pauca vlcera contraxit, dum cęlum corpus adeò ponderoſum humeris ſuſtinet. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> is eſſe <lb></lb>volo nunc, qui polos & Atlantem reputem, illos <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vires <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> quæ mundum ſiſtant & excitent <lb></lb>vniuerſam <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> ad amorem illum intelligendum, & quæ impartibiliter id quod partibile eſt, & citra <lb></lb><expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> id quod habet in ſe dimenſiones, contineant. </s> <s>quapropter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in Politia anulos cathenæ ada<lb></lb>mantinos Plato faciebat, <expan abbr="axẽ">axem</expan> verò <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quandam diuinam quæ in vnum cogat <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> centra totius, vni<lb></lb>uerſum <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> contineat, <expan abbr="diuinaſq́">diuinaſque</expan>. </s> <s>conuerſiones efficiat, <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> quam vniuerſorum choreę ducantur <lb></lb>& circuitiones agitentur quæ totum <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan> regat, quam etiam ob id <foreign lang="grc">Ἄτλαντα</foreign> vocant <foreign lang="grc">ὡς ἄρεπτον καὶ <lb></lb>ἄτρυτον ἐνέργειαν ἔχουσαν</foreign>. </s> <s>tanquam immutabili & infatigabili functione præditam, ſed rem natura<lb></lb>liter ſpecto. </s> <s>Sic igitur ſi terra connitens ſe mouet, & ita cęlum voluit; terra igitur totius molis pars eſ<lb></lb>ſe non deberet. </s> <s>Atlas igitur agitare cœlum non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ea connitens: nam ſicuti nauta, dum manet in pup<lb></lb>pi, non mouet eam, quia pars eſt nauis, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Atlas manens in terra, ſi pars eius eſſet, vniuerſum mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5348"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ueret. </s> <s>Deinde vbi futurus ſit motus, hæc tria concurrere ſolent, quod mouet, quod mouetur, & quo in<lb></lb>nititur. </s> <s>Id ſanè quod mouetur, adhibet vim mouenti, dum reſiſtit; id quod mouet, & quo innititur. <lb></lb></s> <s>quare id quo innititur, vniuerſum robur excipit, & niſi ſuſtineat, motus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> tollatur, cùm eius, quod <lb></lb>mouet, tum eius quod mouetur. </s> <s>Verbigratia, dum remiges obnitendo nauem remo pellunt; tale opor<lb></lb>tet eſſe tranſtri illius robur, quo innitantur, vt <expan abbr="connitentẽ">connitentem</expan> ſuſtineat, & remi pondus & aquæ, quæ pelli<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>ita & terram pondus Atlantis ſuſtinere neceſſe eſt, & cęli renitentis. </s> <s>at quo pacto id terra pręſtabit, <lb></lb>cùm facultas naturalis <expan abbr="plerunq.">plerunque</expan> <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> corporis conſequatur; hæc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ſi cum toto cęlo confe<lb></lb>ratur, puncti inſtar obtineat? </s> <s>Demum Plato vitam adeò negocioſam, ac <expan abbr="plenã">plenam</expan> laboris illi attribuit; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>magis, quo motus ille diuturnior eſt. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> intermittitur, & quiete interpellatur, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> no<lb></lb>ſtræ vigiliæ ac <expan abbr="laboreſq́">laboreſque</expan>., quæ deſinunt in <expan abbr="ſomnũ">ſomnum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> alias cauſſas eius motus veſtigare <expan abbr="cõueniet">conueniet</expan>, quę <lb></lb>item <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> recludant ad ea decernenda quę anteà dubitauimus. </s> <s>Statuamus igitur motus orbium <expan abbr="cęleſtiũ">cęleſtium</expan> <lb></lb>ab externo motore non effici, nec quia contra propenſionem <expan abbr="natiuã">natiuam</expan> concitentur: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> perpetuò moue<lb></lb>ri non poſſent, nec ab aliquo motore corporeo, qui ipſis adiunctus ſit, ſed ab immobili prorſus. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>verò immobile duplex ſit, alterum, quod externum eſt, vel finis, qui, dum mouet, non mouetur, vel ex <lb></lb>euento ſolùm. </s> <s>vel id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quo <expan abbr="nitit̃">nititur</expan> id quod mouetur, & <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> alterum quod eſt membrum ſuperius, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5349"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ideſt, vel <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> primum, vel id quod eſt ipſi propinquius (<expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi cauſſas motus in elemento do<lb></lb>cuimus, id quod in motu principij <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> occuparet, ſuperius appellari diximus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita terræ quæ fo<lb></lb>ret <foreign lang="grc">ὑποβάθρα</foreign> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan>, & qua aqua & <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> grauia niterentur, <expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan> locum à nonnullis <expan abbr="attributũ">attributum</expan> fuiſ<lb></lb>ſe nouimus) in noſtris motibus <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> hæc immobilia requiruntur. </s> <s>At in cęlo externum ſanè eſt quod <lb></lb>mouet <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> finis; abeſt alterum <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>, ſed internum eſt, id nimirùm, circum quod voluitur, & me<lb></lb>dium; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pars mobilis ipſius eſt, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vniuerſi: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terra eſt eiuſmodi per ſe, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> <lb></lb>cenſet Auerroës, nam ſi cauſſa eſſet quietis, per ſe quieſcere deberet: attamen ipſa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſam ſuæ <lb></lb>quietis aliunde obtinuit; à medio .ſ. </s> <s>ad quod ſuapte natura mouetur, & in quo naturaliter manet, ac ta<lb></lb>lis eſt virtus medij per ſe, vt in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> redigat partes quæ à circunferentia diſperſæ fuerant: proinde ad il<lb></lb>lud <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> vergunt, & in eo continentur, non aliter àc lapides in teſtudine qui cùm deorſum propendeant, <lb></lb>nunquam delabuntur: quod <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> diuidi nequit, & vt terminus eſt, eſt per ſe principium motus cum <lb></lb>recti, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> circuitus. </s> <s>Hæc item Academię ſententia fuit ponentis <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> per vniuerſum diffuſam, quę <lb></lb>opibus <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan>, quæ valerent ad <expan abbr="cuſtodiã">cuſtodiam</expan>, <foreign lang="grc">φουρητικὰς</foreign> ipſa vocat, <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> contineret: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> inde tota <lb></lb>ſphæra gubernatur, & ad illud inclinata eſt cum etiam <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="turbulentũ">turbulentum</expan> quod in mundo eſt, eò detruſum <lb></lb>fuerit, & egeat diuinæ cuſtodiæ, quę ipſum ordinare poſsit, & in loco ſuo continere: <expan abbr="ideõ">ideom</expan> Theologi <lb></lb><expan abbr="illucuſq.">illucuſque</expan> virtutes cęleſtium promouerunt, & Pythagoręi medium appellabant <foreign lang="grc">ζηνὸς πύργον</foreign>, ideſt, <pb pagenum="937"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5350"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Iouis turrem, & arcem, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">φυλακὴν</foreign>, ideſt, cuſtodiam. </s> <s>Poëtæ etiam cecinerunt ibi ignem, ideſt, <lb></lb>calorem vitalem retineri.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5348"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5349"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5350"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Καὶ πέμπτον μέσον ἄλλο πυρήοχον ἔνθα κάτεισι</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Μέχρις ὑλαίων ὀχετῶν ζοηφόρον πῦρ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>quantum verò ponitur, tametſi indiuiduum eſt, vt aliud intelligatur à centro terræ ipſius. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in cen<lb></lb>tro ponitur non præſentia vitæ, aut animæ: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hæc corpore nititur, ſed facultas quæ vim habet cu<lb></lb>ſtodiendi ſeriem totius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> quicquam aliud eſt quod à toto ſemotum; quippe nec pars eſſentiæ, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>mobilis vniuerſi, in vnum melius vniuerſa contrahat <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> centrum. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> circum illud chorea totius <expan abbr="agit̃">agitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quòd ſiquando legimus <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> in principiis numerari, quòd cum Sole diei <expan abbr="noctiſq́">noctiſque</expan>. </s> <s>auctor ſit, & inde <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">Ἴσιν</foreign>, quaſi æquantem dictam, quòd noctes diebus exæquet; fontem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> generationis: ob id <expan abbr="matrẽ">matrem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="appellatã">appellatam</expan>, ſeu Cererem, ſeu <expan abbr="Veſtã">Veſtam</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="antiquiſsimã">antiquiſsimam</expan>, & ab ea multas facultates, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illas <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> prę<lb></lb>ſtantiſsimas emanare, tum medicas, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quæ valeant ad oracula <expan abbr="fundẽda">fundenda</expan>; prętereà legimus Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ex eo, quòd conuerſio ſit, concludere <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> eſſe. </s> <s>At Ariſtoteles id quod notius nob. </s> <s>eſt, accipit in de<lb></lb>monſtratione, & id quod remota cauſſa eſt, & immobilitate medij poſita neceſſariò ſequitur, ſi per vni<lb></lb>uerſum debet transferri virtus cęleſtis: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſine corpore transfunditur, nec ſine <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtis">inſtrumentis</expan> <expan abbr="qui-buſdã">qui<lb></lb>buſdam</expan>, lumine .ſ. </s> <s>& motu, quę, cùm adſunt, primùm <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> efficiunt, mox humorem: cùm verò abſunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5351"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>frigus & ſiccitatem: idò <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> frigidam & ſiccam in centro producunt, à quo longè abſunt. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>Theologos illos balbutiſſe <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> dicimus & id quod centro tanquam cauſſæ primæ conueniret, <lb></lb>terræ, quę cauſſa ſecunda eſt adſcripſiſſe. </s> <s>Siquis autem curioſior quærat, cur animalia <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus intra ſe habeant, quod ſit <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> pars, & <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> quibus innitantur; neutrum ex his inſit, in corpore <lb></lb>cęleſti. </s> <s>Primùm quidem ex eo naſci cenſemus, quòd animalia parteis habent diſcontinuas, & quarum <lb></lb>ſingularum proprij motus eſſe poſsint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illi præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & per extentionem, & pulſionem: at hæc <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> deſiderant contiguum mouens, quod niſi maneret immobile, infinitis motibus opus eſſet ad vnum <lb></lb>partis vnius <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="efficiendũ">efficiendum</expan>: quippe quae ad <expan abbr="certũ">certum</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="pręſtãdũ">pręſtandum</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> ipſum <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>; <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> motu <lb></lb><expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> oportet, quo mouet: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quare cùm multæ partes ſint, quæ <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>multis modis agan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5352"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="totidẽ">totidem</expan> quoque motus ſint neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> mouens agitetur: ita nec <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> roboris adeſſet, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> <lb></lb>quęque actio ad <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="differẽtiã">differentiam</expan> poſiturę flagitaret. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> magna ex parte grauia ſint, niſi ab immobili <expan abbr="ſu-ſtinerent̃">ſu<lb></lb>ſtinerentur</expan>, progredi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſent, ſed ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> ponderoſa tenderent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cęlũ">Cęlum</expan> tametſi <expan abbr="organicũ">organicum</expan>, at partes eius <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> vnà neceſſariò <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> graue eſt, aut leue. </s> <s>Externum verò illud quod mouet, eſt ipſe finis, <lb></lb>hoc eſt, per ſe mouens, & appetendum, quod quidem in cęlo vnum ſimpliciter eſt æternum, & prorſus <lb></lb>immobile: quapropter efficit motum perpetuum, <expan abbr="eundemq́">eundemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſemper ſimilem ſui, cùm cęteroqui quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5353"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nos agunt, mutari poſsint: quamobrem nec etiam perpetuò mouent. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc de motore primo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5351"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5352"></margin.target>a 1. de an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5353"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quòd cœlum ſit animatum, ex communi ſenſu philoſophorum oſtenditur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>PROCEDAMVS vlterius, & proximas huiuſce motus cauſſas diligentius exploremus. </s> <s>Sit enim <lb></lb>primum mouens <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>moueat vt finis, ſit cęlum actu ſubſtantia quæ moueri poſsit; at<lb></lb>quo pacto præſtant <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> principia motum? </s> <s>ſequitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt mox ad huiuſce rei contemplationem nos <lb></lb>conuertamus. </s> <s>Accipiatur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cęlum, non vt corpus <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> ſimpliciter quod præter materiam <expan abbr="termi-noſq́">termi<lb></lb>noſque</expan>. </s> <s>diſtantię nihil habeat, ſed vt <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> & motus animati principia euoluamus. </s> <s>Porrò animal <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <lb></lb>requirit duplex mouens, <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> ſcilicet, quod mouet, vt finis; & internum quod eſt pars eſſentiæ, ſiue <lb></lb>corporis, ſiue <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> modo. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> infrà decernendum eſt. </s> <s>Id verò eſt anima quæ mouet tanquam effi<lb></lb>ciens, aut parat ipſum verè efficiens quod eſt corporea facultas, & dum mouet, etiam mouetur, cuius <lb></lb>principij beneficio diſtinguitur <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> ab inanimo, & à ſe ipſo moueri dicitur. </s> <s>Ita cęlum quia mo<lb></lb>uetur ab immobili illo tanquam externo, & velut à fine, aliud <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> principium poſtulare videtur, à quo <lb></lb>tanquam ab efficiente moueatur; & ipſi intimum ſit: hoc verò aut eſt anima, aut id in quo ipſa reſidet. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5354"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi analogia inter animal & cęlum ſeruanda ſit. </s> <s>Atenim quòd anima cęli ſit, & an'ne ſit, pluribus diſſe<lb></lb>ritur à philoſophis, & in eius cognitione poſita eſt magna pars theorematum quæ de motu cęleſti pro<lb></lb>ponuntur: nos hoc loco rem pro merito tractaturi primùm ex Ariſt. </s> <s>placito <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> in cęlo <expan abbr="collocandã">collocandam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe docebimus. </s> <s>Tum deinde explicabimus, quanuis motus cęleſtis ab anima deriuetur: non idcircò <lb></lb>prohibere, quominus ille motus ſit naturalis. </s> <s>Tertiò ipſius eſſentia euoluetur. </s> <s>Demum narrabitur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> motus ab ea permanet ad cęlum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nã">Nam</expan> pręter id, quòd ſemper apud Ariſt. </s> <s>obſeruamus, <lb></lb>tanquam in <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> methodo cum diuina, tum naturali <expan abbr="firmiſsimũ">firmiſsimum</expan>, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuccurrit Alexandri, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5355"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cludentis cęlum eſſe <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan>, quia corpus illud <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan> eſt, & præſtantiſsimum, quòd ſi <expan abbr="reſpõdent">reſpondent</expan> ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ proprietates; pręſtantiſsimo conueniet id quod præſtantiſsimum eſt: animatum verò <expan abbr="præſtan-tiſsimũ">præſtan<lb></lb>tiſsimum</expan>, & cęlum igitur animatum. </s> <s>Quanquam <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> argumentum multò ante Alexandrum à Theo<lb></lb>phraſto teſte Proclo, fuerat occupatum. </s> <s>eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hęc verba ſunt. <foreign lang="grc">εἰ γὰρ θεῖός ἐπι καὶ τὴν ἀρίστην ἔχει δια<lb></lb>γωγὴν ἔμψυχός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν γὰρ τὶμιον ἄνευ ψυχῆς</foreign>. </s> <s>Si <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> diuinum cęlum eſt, & optimè agit, <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt; nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſine animo honorandum: <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan> verò corpus illud eſſe <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> philoſophorum com<lb></lb>probat, quæ <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> illud in diis reponere non veretur. </s> <s>Nec quicquam planius in Ariſtotelica doctrina; <lb></lb>quippe quòd accuſarit Ariſtoteles <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> antiquos ita de cęlo <expan abbr="diſſerẽtes">diſſerentes</expan>, ac ſi foret corpus animę expers: ob <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5356"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> principia motus, & differentias poſiturę, quę animali conueniunt, illi tribuerit. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">πρᾶξις</foreign> de illo prędicatur, quæ functio animalis eſt, & <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> aliquarum eius <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>, deinde <pb pagenum="938"></pb>animæ quę <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> vtatur, vbi corpus admiſcetur, à Gręcos vt Theonem conſulimus in Ptol. </s> <s>Quin etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5357"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi Deus mouet primum cęlum, vt id quod intelligitur & appetitur: ergo, inquam ego, intelligitur & <lb></lb>appetitur à cęlo; at hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſunt animæ ipſius munera; <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> illa ſit, & <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> <expan abbr="originẽ">originem</expan> ducat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nil <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> à Platonicis conſtantius aſſeueratum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd cęlum animal <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> ſit, nec <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> certè ſuc<lb></lb>currebat, quod <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> dignitatem tali corpori afferre poſſet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſi anima inſigniretur. </s> <s>Quo fit, vt non <lb></lb><expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> verum ſit primum mouens in cęlo munere mouendi fungi, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <expan abbr="nautã">nautam</expan> in naui. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>adigit, & impellit cęlum, veluti nauta, ſed <expan abbr="ſeipsũ">ſeipsum</expan> <expan abbr="ſpectandũ">ſpectandum</expan> præbet ſolùm, & ſic excitat ad ſeſe per <expan abbr="imi-tationẽ">imi<lb></lb>tationem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> aſſequendum & potiendum. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliud eſt quod agat cęlum, velut efficiens; niſi im<lb></lb>pulſus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> patibilis ſufficiat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> aiunt in ferro, cùm mouetur ad <expan abbr="magnetẽ">magnetem</expan> de qua re po<lb></lb>ſteà videndum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tamen opinandum eſt, quanuis ille motus ſine opera animæ præſtari nequeat, <lb></lb>aliquo pacto à naturali diſcrepare; quin ipſum penitus naturalem eſſe aſſeuero, quatenus nihil habet <lb></lb>in ſeipſo, quod ſit contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſi <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> reſpexeris, vt anteà <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> tamen aſſero <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> illum eſ<lb></lb>ſe prorſus naturalem, quia ſit ex forma velut ex interno principio, quemadmodum ea quæ mouentur <lb></lb>apud nos; iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> præſtat hoc actus ille ſubſtantiæ, quem cęlo tribuimus, & forma nulla <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> <expan abbr="informantẽ">informantem</expan> <lb></lb>vocant, in cœlo ponitur à nobis eos motus vnus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> efficiente anima, ſed quod in animali diuino ſem<lb></lb>per anima cum corpore concors eſt, eò illius natura propenſa, quò ipſum agit voluntas: quapropter <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quia finis mouet vt appetendus, & agitur corpus pro ſuæ naturæ propenſione ſine vlla repugnantia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5358"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ vim habeat corrumpendi; ſine vlla triſtitia beatitatis ſuæ macula, perpetuò ſunt in officio. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>illa obſtare puto, quæ vulgò obiiciuntur. </s> <s>Quia ſcilicet, natura ſit <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> motus & quietis; in cœlo verò <lb></lb>nulla ſit quies. </s> <s>Nec quia motus naturalis ſit inæqualis; nempè velocior in proceſſu. </s> <s>Nec quòd ab ex<lb></lb>terno principio fiat. </s> <s>Aut etiam illa reformido quæ opponebat Auicenna; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ſi cęlum moueretur <lb></lb>ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, poſſet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> moueri præter naturam. </s> <s>illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex eo colligi; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> motus <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> natu<lb></lb>ralis per <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan> habitui naturali <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan> ſeparari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: ea verò eſt contra naturam: id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> idcirco, <lb></lb>quia motus naturalis ab imperfecto in <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan> aſsiduè proficiſcitur; in imperfecto verò <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan> ali<lb></lb>quid præter naturam. </s> <s>Non eſſe verò præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> vllum in eo <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> patet, quia nullum violentum <lb></lb><expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> eſſe queat. </s> <s>Aut illud <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quae motui naturali repugnat <expan abbr="admodũ">admodum</expan>, tendere in infinitum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>ea <expan abbr="quondã">quondam</expan> ſublata, quae in cœlo quies nulla exiſtat, cùm adſit quies <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> partis, vbi ad locum <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> per<lb></lb>uenerit; licèt ſemper cum motus initio coniuncta. </s> <s>aut ſi vereris hanc <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> conſtituere, quòd eodem <lb></lb>modo <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> ſit menſura quietis, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> motus; ea verò loci occupatio fiat è veſtigio, accipe <expan abbr="im-mobilitatẽ">im<lb></lb>mobilitatem</expan> cuius aliqua ſpecies eſt ex natura, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">στάσιν</foreign>, vt Alexander, dicito <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motum, & quietem <lb></lb>de natura prædicari diſiunctim; nil in præſentia refert. </s> <s>Tum quòd motus ab alio ſemper ſit contra <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan>: id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tum eſt, cùm id quod mouetur, non eò tendat ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quo mouetur. </s> <s>Nec inæqua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5359"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>litas ad <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> pertinet, ſed motus recti propria eſt. </s> <s>Falſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ab Aui<lb></lb>cenna generaliter aſſumptum eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> motum <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> habere <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan> <expan abbr="affectionẽ">affectionem</expan>, per quam poſsit <lb></lb>aliquando conuerti in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> qui ſit præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolum ineſt in motibus qui tranſmutationem <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ reſpiciunt, vel primò, vt in categoria ſubſtantię, vel vt <expan abbr="inſtrumentũ">inſtrumentum</expan>, vt in qualitate alteratio, <lb></lb>vel ex <expan abbr="cõſequenti">conſequenti</expan> & cauſſa, ſine qua non, vt <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan>, cuius <expan abbr="incõmodi">incommodi</expan> cùm expers ſit motus cęleſtis, <lb></lb>peruerti non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, nec cum illo <expan abbr="cõmutari">commutari</expan> qui ſit præter naturam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Eiq́.">E qua</expan> illi ſoli id accidit quod admira<lb></lb>bile eſt; eſſe vnà in termino à quo & termino ad quem. </s> <s>cęteri motus vtroſque terminos & re, & actu <lb></lb>ſeparatos obtinuerunt, proin <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan> ſic à perfecto <expan abbr="ſegregatũ">ſegregatum</expan>, vt vnius acceſſu alter neceſſariò cor<lb></lb>rumpatur. </s> <s>Non me latet <expan abbr="Alexandrũ">Alexandrum</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aliquando negaſſe <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> cœli tendere ab imperfecto ad perfe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5360"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ctũ">ctum</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> cęteri faciunt, ſed in ſumma perfectione perpetuo permanere. </s> <s>Veruntamen quia <lb></lb>definitio motus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>tradita, & à nobis olim approbata continet <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, & priuationem; necnon <lb></lb>poteſtas ad vbi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in cœlo poſita eſt; aliquod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> veſtigium imperfectionis cœlo tribuemus, & <expan abbr="perfe-ctũ">perfe<lb></lb>ctum</expan> in motuum genere capiemus exiſtimantes <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> eſſe in motu <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan>, vbi imperfectum à <lb></lb>perfecto, non re ipſa & actu, ſed <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan>, & poteſtate <expan abbr="ſeparet̃">ſeparetur</expan>. </s> <s>Vltimam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> tollere conatus eſt ſapien<lb></lb>tiſsimus Arabs dans <expan abbr="aſsũptum">aſsumptum</expan> illud in motibus rectis, & inquiens in cœlo, quanuis motus ſit in infini<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5361"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum; nil obſtare, quin ſit naturalis. </s> <s>Attamen in cœlo infinitatem ponere, mea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, eſt illi imper<lb></lb>fectionem <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> tribuere, & quæ planè poſsit euertere <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> naturam. </s> <s>Quare tantum abeſſe puto, vt <lb></lb>in cœlo ſit iſta infinitas, vt ipſum maximè <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan> eſſe aſſeuerem; quantum tamen motus natura, <expan abbr="condi-tioq́">condi<lb></lb>tioque</expan>. </s> <s>patiuntur, quia ſit ſemper in ſine: infinitas <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> finis <expan abbr="abſentiã">abſentiam</expan> perpetuò deſignat. </s> <s>placet ſanè con<lb></lb>tinuitas, ſed infinitas illa nequaquam. </s> <s>Poterat & hoc afferre <expan abbr="ſuſpicionẽ">ſuſpicionem</expan>, quominus eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> natura<lb></lb>lem eſſe crederemus, quòd naturale ſit <expan abbr="habẽtis">habentis</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, id verò <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſſe didicimus 2. Phyſ. atqui <lb></lb>cœlum eſt corpus ſimplex. </s> <s>Sed naturale <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> eſſe intelligitur id quod eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> primò: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> com<lb></lb>mune ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, & prius de noſtratibus prædicatur, cęterùm & naturale eſt, quod eſt proprium ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>ſenſilis, & <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſecundùm <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>; talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt materia quæ cùm actu concipitur in cœlo, & <expan abbr="cõ-poſiti">con<lb></lb>poſiti</expan> per <foreign lang="grc">συνδυασμὸν</foreign>, ideſt, coniunctionem, quæ <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> abhorret à natura cœleſti: quapropter <lb></lb>& eius functio eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, & idcirco naturalis, & naturale demum, ſi non ratione principij mouentis, <lb></lb>& mobilis vnius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in numero naturalium motuum cœleſtem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> collocabimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5354"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5355"></margin.target>b 1. <expan abbr="q.">que</expan></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5356"></margin.target>c 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5357"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5358"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5359"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5360"></margin.target>a 2. Q 18.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5361"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Deo primùm ſubiici animam neceſſariò. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED quæ nos hactenus auctoritatibus & probabiliter egimus, ab altiore principio repetamus, & ali<lb></lb>qua demonſtrationis norma dirigamus quoad fieri poterit, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Gregorius inquit Balbutiendo, vt <pb pagenum="939"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5362"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſſumus, excelſa Dei reſonamus. </s> <s>oſtendemus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> poteſtatem <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, quę à materia naſcitur ibi <lb></lb>(eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actu ſubſtantia per ſe) non ſufficere ad eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> præſtandum; non dico ſine mente, quæ mo<lb></lb>ueat vt finis ſolùm; verum ſine anima cui vis efficiendi propriè demandetur. </s> <s>Id primùm ex eſſentiæ di<lb></lb>uinæ munere patefiet. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus puriſsimus; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimpliciter vnus; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſemper intelligendus, <lb></lb>ac ſemper intelligens, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>per <expan abbr="eſsẽtiam">eſsentiam</expan> intelligens: etenim actio immanens ab eſſentia non diſtin<lb></lb>guitur. </s> <s>Prætereà actio <expan abbr="ſuppoſitorũ">ſuppoſitorum</expan> eſſe ſolet in aliis quæ materia conſtant, hîc ſolus actus; ergo & actio <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> cum eſſentia. </s> <s>Ex hoc efficitur, vt faciat quicquid facit <foreign lang="grc">μετὰ ῥαστώνης</foreign>, & cum otio maximo. </s> <s>Cum <lb></lb>verò in Deo ſit duplex <expan abbr="actionũ">actionum</expan> genus: alterum quod immanens eſt, eſt verò ſui ipſius intellectio: atque <lb></lb><expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> quod reſpicit ea quæ ſunt extra ſe, quà .ſ. </s> <s>bonum, & expetendum; etiam aduertendum hunc <expan abbr="re-ſpectũ">re<lb></lb>ſpectum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> relationem non eſſe <expan abbr="vulgarẽ">vulgarem</expan> quæ faciat, vt ea quæ inter ſe reſpiciunt, ſint natura ſimul. </s> <s>eſt <lb></lb>ea relatio potius ſecundùm <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> & modum intelligendi, ſicut eſt in iis in quibus eſt ordo prioris, & <lb></lb>poſterioris, quo prius refertur ad poſteriora, non quae illorum ſit, ſed quia poſteriora ſint aliquid illius: <lb></lb>idcirco reſpectus hic in Deo ſic eſt, quae in aliis eſt appetitus eius bonitatis quæ eſt in Deo. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nihil ponit quod ſit aliud à Deo; ex quo efficitur, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> hoc <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan>, quatenus expetendus, ſit <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> <lb></lb>ſimplex, & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> in eo actio & eſſentia. </s> <s>Pone tu nunc in cœlo vt Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> motum & <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργειαν</foreign>, ea certè <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5363"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt per intellectum. </s> <s>Nobiliſsimæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rei actio nobiliſsima debetur, ea verò eſt per intellectum; quapro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5364"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pter Deus mouet vt intellectum, & <expan abbr="amatũ">amatum</expan>; quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> mouetur intelligit & amat. </s> <s>Si quis etiam diligen<lb></lb>tius exquirat, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> vires ab ipſo per aliquam facultatem <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> valeant, facilè intelligit <lb></lb>intercedere <expan abbr="operã">operam</expan> <expan abbr="mẽtis">mentis</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim dictat <expan abbr="sẽſus">senſus</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> accipere pro ſuo captu, & id quod <lb></lb>accipitur, <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> pręſtare, quantum in ſuo genere optimum eſt, & quod ab accipiente tolerari poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nunc quod mouet, à materia & ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> accidentium fœce <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> eſt, quod verò vim habet accipiendi <lb></lb>vel eſt materia, in qua ſunt dimenſiones, & interualla, vel anima: materia profectò nihil accipere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, <lb></lb>niſi aliqua perturbatio præcedat, & illi incutiatur appetitus obiectæ formæ per qualitates patibiles ab <lb></lb>efficiente contractus, & eius formæ quæ per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> inſinuatur, & deſiderat quantitatem, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ma<lb></lb>gis eò credendum eſt, quae omnia, item vbi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> habeat <expan abbr="ſociã">ſociam</expan>, non poteſt accipere <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, niſi cùm affe<lb></lb>ctione aliqua imprimatur, & multò magis vbi ad <expan abbr="appetendũ">appetendum</expan> fuerit excitanda; cùm aliquid adſit opor<lb></lb>tet quod aut <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> peruertat, aut reſtituat, aut <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> conſeruet. </s> <s>Attamen <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> hæc antecedens perturbatio <lb></lb>pendet ex corpore cui anima eſt affixa, ſed anima ipſa per ſe vim habet <expan abbr="accipiẽdi">accipiendi</expan> ſpecies ſine materia; <lb></lb><expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> formas accipiat ſolùm citra <expan abbr="dimẽſiones">dimenſiones</expan>, eiuſmodi <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>, vt eas præſentent quæ ſunt <lb></lb>extra <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>; hę verò vel eas pręſentant cum accidentibus vel ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> accidentium ſocietate liberas, illud <lb></lb>animæ ſentientis officium eſt; hoc <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> eſt intelligentis. </s> <s>Porrò formarum <expan abbr="accipiendarũ">accipiendarum</expan> gradus varij ſunt; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5365"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſint prorſus materiatę, & adiunctæ ad ſenſilia, nonnullæ ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> qualitatum patibilium con<lb></lb>tagione ſecretæ. </s> <s>Facultates etiam <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> intelligendi munus eſt datum, non ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, vel enim in corpo<lb></lb>re ſunt incluſæ, ſiue quòd inſideant in materia quæ ſit difflabilis, ſiue quòd eius <expan abbr="auxiliũ">auxilium</expan> requirant; ni<lb></lb>hil eſt quòd nunc ipſum curemus; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> per ſenſuum fores imagines <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> penetrare debent, vt in nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>aut in corpore quidem ſunt, ſed indiſſolubili, vt ea quam cœlo tribuimus, aut ſunt extra omne corpus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> dicimus eſſe menteis beatas. </s> <s>Mens illa cuius officium quoquo pacto pendet ex corpore <lb></lb>non niſi per <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſenſilium <expan abbr="participationẽ">participationem</expan> concipere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; eget <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> auxilio ſenſus, ſed ſenſilia vel inhę<lb></lb>rent in ipſa re, vt ſubiecto, velut in lapide, vel extrinſecùs accedunt, & vt penetrent ſenſus, cum ſenſili <lb></lb>forma ſociantur. </s> <s>ſic quæ per ſe ipſa ſeparata ſunt à ſenſilibus, nihilominus per ſenſilia nobis patefiunt, <lb></lb>vt Deus per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: idcirco ab his efficitur ſpecies <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>, quæ primùm accipiatur à ſenſu, mox à ſenſi<lb></lb>libus abſtracta concipiatur à mente. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ibi duplex eſt mentis facultas, & duplex <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eius proceſſus: <lb></lb>etenim eſt poteſtate & actu, & primùm <expan abbr="cõfuſa">confuſa</expan> <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan> <expan abbr="intelligẽtia">intelligentia</expan>, mox enucleata, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtincta, quæ eſt <lb></lb>ipſius eſſentiæ <expan abbr="cõprehenſio">comprehenſio</expan>. </s> <s>Vbi non pendeat à ſenſilibus <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> mentis, & forma ipſa per ſe fuerit ex<lb></lb>pers materiæ; perceptio prorſus fit per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſolam, nec ſpecies vlla deſideratur; ita mentes, aut ſe <lb></lb>ipſas per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſuam percipiunt, aut ab aliis inferioribus <expan abbr="mẽtibus">mentibus</expan> <expan abbr="percipiunt̃">percipiuntur</expan>. </s> <s>Quamobrem id quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5366"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>intelligitur, aut per <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> intelligitur, aut per eſſentiam, & quod intelligitur per <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, ſic concipitur, <lb></lb>vel quae obiectum cum ſenſibus ſit <expan abbr="coniunctũ">coniunctum</expan>, quod euenit formis materiatis, vel proptereà quòd pote<lb></lb>ſtas ipſa intelligens egeat ope ſenſus, vt nos in mentib. concipiendis. </s> <s>Si igitur materia non recipit niſi <lb></lb>cum perturbatione & diſtantia, & genus eiuſmodi <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> quæ <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo <expan abbr="diſtantiã">diſtantiam</expan> flagitent; <lb></lb>cùm Deus ſit eſſentia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> indiuidua, nec pendeat ex motu, ſed ipſe ſit auctor motus; planum quòd <lb></lb>Dei eſſentia non recipitur primùm vt à materia; verum vt ab anima. </s> <s>Cùm etiam ab anima <expan abbr="recipiat̃">recipiatur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan>, vel per ſpeciem, vel per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, ac ſi ſpecies intercedat, ideſt ex <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> obiecti quod eſt in mate<lb></lb>ria ſenſili, vel poteſtatis quæ <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> pendet ex corpore; quantum pertinet ad obiectum; nihil ei certè re<lb></lb>pugnat, quòd per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> concipiatur: quapropter exploremus nunc an id repugnet, quatenus à cę<lb></lb>lo concipiendum eſt. </s> <s>Ac mihi planè videtur, ſi recipiens egeat ſpecie, <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> motionem ſemper eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="adnexã">adnexam</expan> quæ ſenſus afficiat, & præcedat ad excitandum appetitum, ſeu <expan abbr="voluntatẽ">voluntatem</expan>, & ex motione facta <lb></lb>in corpore, non metaphorica ſolùm, qualis eſt, vbi iam appetens promouetur ad actum, ſed quæ reipſa <lb></lb>ab obiecti ſpecie præſtetur; aliquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit oportet quod moueat corpus, vt corpus, in quo eſt anima; <lb></lb>aliter <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> eſſet illius ſpeciei munus. </s> <s>cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> adſit ſpecies intelligendæ rei propter accipiens, niſi quia cor<lb></lb>pus eſt: ergo quà corpus afficitur, accidit etiam vis ſpeciei mouentis, quæ propter ſocietatem formæ ſen<lb></lb>ſilis item neceſſariò reſpicit corpus. </s> <s>Sed nullus talis motus eſſe poteſt: quoniam hic primus motus eſt; <lb></lb>at motus primus eſt conuerſio, ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conuerſio nequit eſſe; proptereà quae antecederet intelligentię, & <pb pagenum="940"></pb>appetitui: ea verò fit antecedente intelligentia, & appetitu. </s> <s>ſic enim mouet Deus, quatenus intelligi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5367"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, & amatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> afficit primò Deus animam non materiam, deinde per eſſentiam ſeipſum præbet <lb></lb>intelligendum, & appetendum, ſiue ſibi ipſi primum & cœlo per ſe ipſum, ſiue alij menti, ſeu corpori <lb></lb>ipſi ſeorſum, poſteà videndum eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5362"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5363"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5364"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5365"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5366"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5367"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſſeritur de poſituræ differentijs in corpore cęlesti. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SI cœlum habet intra ſe principium motus, & animatum eſt, neceſſe itidem eſt ipſum poſiturę diffe<lb></lb>rentias illas obtinere quæ animatis conueniunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> perfectioribus (perfectiſsimum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>corpus eſt) ea verò ſunt quæ mutant locum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> animati eſt obtinere interna principia ſui motus, <lb></lb>vbi verò motus; ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vnde moueri incipiat, & quo contendat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illis oppoſita quæ differentias <lb></lb>poſituræ conſtituunt. </s> <s>At verò vt illas in animatis eſſe conſpicuum eſt, ſic dubitari contingit, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> in cęlo diſtinguendæ ſint: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idem ſentiunt omnes. </s> <s>Placet porrò more conſueto à notis nob. <lb></lb></s> <s>ex ordiri, & prout cœlum eſt animal <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, conſulere <expan abbr="natuiã">naturam</expan> animalium: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="perfectiſsimũ">perfectiſsimum</expan>; <lb></lb>ad hominis <expan abbr="noſtratiũ">noſtratium</expan> perfectiſsimi ideam ipſum formare. </s> <s>In eius motu profectò duos terminos ſpe<lb></lb>ctare licet, magnitudinis, inquam, & progreſſus. </s> <s>termini ſanè magnitudinis inhęrent interius, cùm pen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5368"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deant ex quantitate: termini progreſſus aliud reſpiciunt exterius, vt motum & locum. </s> <s>Quare de in<lb></lb>trinſecis ante alia dicamus. </s> <s>Ii verò patent per <expan abbr="incrementũ">incrementum</expan> & decrementum. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc caduca ſint, <lb></lb>& aliquando exorta, nec cum quantitate naturali, ſed imperfecta; ad eam perducenda fuerunt, vt illa <lb></lb>munia poſſent obire, ad quæ à natura inſtituta ſunt; eius <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> motionis proceſſus eſt ab eo termino, vn<lb></lb>de ſumitur <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan>, ad alterum illi <expan abbr="oppoſitũ">oppoſitum</expan>, vnde illius reliquiæ extruduntur, quo fit, vt cùm plantæ <lb></lb>à radicibus accipiant; per ramos, & <expan abbr="fuſtẽ">fuſtem</expan> excrementa expellant, contrà quàm nos, in vniuerſo diſpo<lb></lb>nantur, nam pars ſuperior noſtri corporis id intuetur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod in mundo ſuperius eſt: ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſ<lb></lb>ſam <foreign lang="grc">ἄντρωπος</foreign> homo appellatus, quod valet <foreign lang="grc">ἄνω ἀθρεὶν</foreign>. </s> <s>ideſt ſurſum ſpectare: at in plantis id quod <lb></lb>ſuperius eſt, <expan abbr="infimã">infimam</expan> mundi regionem reſpicit. </s> <s>Cęterùm quia longitudo prima eſt dimenſio, naturæ <expan abbr="quo-dã">quo<lb></lb>dam</expan> ordine efficitur, vt eius termini ſpatio maximè diſcludantur, & ſicut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> longiſsimè aliorum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>diſtant; ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> figuras diſsimiles habeant: cùm cęteroqui <expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan> quæ ſunt ad latera, non parua <lb></lb>ſit conuenientia; quippe quòd antè, & ponè <expan abbr="parũ">parum</expan> admodùm diſtent; dextri & ſiniſtri eadem planè ſit <lb></lb>configuratio. </s> <s>Sed veniamus ad alias quæ etſi minus hærent in rei ſubſtantia, motui tamen ſunt magis <lb></lb>affines. </s> <s>Etenim principium lationis eſt à dextris. </s> <s>hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars auſpicatur <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & prima eſt quæ altera <lb></lb>manente agitatur. </s> <s>quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> expedita eſſe vult, vt agi facilè poſsit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> onera ſuper ſiniſtra feruntur, & <lb></lb>cùm ſtamus ſiniſtra inſiſtimus; quaſi quies illi conueniat potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus. </s> <s>Ac termini vnde, & quo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5369"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verſus motus <expan abbr="obit̃">obitur</expan>, ante & pone, ſunt inde, & quo verſus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſenſus aguntur. </s> <s>In cœlo quoque omnes <lb></lb>has differentias conſimiliter analogicè ponere licebit, ſi non <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> beneficio facultatum; ſaltem quod <lb></lb>pertinet ad motrices: nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſenſus adſunt corpori illi perfectiſsimo, neque vlla ratio incrementi, <lb></lb>quia nil patiatur. </s> <s>Sed ab his quæ obſeruantur in animali, & homine potiſsimum, in quo hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſunt <lb></lb>eximia, partium <expan abbr="cõmenſus">commenſus</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> figura; illa retenta quæ tali corpori conſentanea <expan abbr="decenſq́">decenſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit; <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>ac<lb></lb>cepto, quod eſt <expan abbr="euidentiſsimũ">euidentiſsimum</expan>, de principio <expan abbr="terminiſq́">terminiſque</expan>. </s> <s>latinis; hanc <expan abbr="ſpeculationẽ">ſpeculationem</expan> retexere licebit, & de <lb></lb>reliquis ſubinde conſentienter cum his quę poſita ſunt; ferre iudicium. </s> <s>Atque illis primis ſuppoſitis <lb></lb>quæ fixę ſunt, & determinatę (determinatum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iudex eſt ſui, & indeterminati) reliquas perſequamur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nemo eſt qui excepto Pythagora dubitet, quin ſuperius, & inferius à polorum diſtantia petantur, ab <lb></lb>ortu & occaſu <expan abbr="dextrũ">dextrum</expan> & ſiniſtrum; à vertice antè & ponè. </s> <s>Verùm aliquid conſiderandum ſuccurrit ex <lb></lb>Achillino qui <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> ſedem hiſce differentiis aſsignare cupiens, <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> rem ſic expoſuit. </s> <s>Statuit in primis <lb></lb>duos coluros <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> maxima Solis declinatio <expan abbr="cõprehenditur">comprehenditur</expan> <expan abbr="declinationẽ">declinationem</expan> quæ <expan abbr="meridiẽ">meridiem</expan> ſpectat, inquit <lb></lb>eſſe ſuperius, quę verò Septentrionem, deorſum. </s> <s>Quod continetur hoc ſpatio latitudinis ſecat in treis <lb></lb>parteis, eam quę eſt ab ortu <expan abbr="dextrã">dextram</expan> faciens, quæ illi opponitur ab occaſu <expan abbr="ſiniſtrã">ſiniſtram</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> <expan abbr="verticẽ">verticem</expan> antè. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verumenimuerò mihi non planè ſatisfacit vir alioqui doctiſsimus. </s> <s>Primò quia non diſtinguit ipſe dif<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5370"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ferentias poſitionis in ſphæris, cùm longè alia ſit <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="inerrãtis">inerrantis</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="planetarũ">planetarum</expan>, ſi ſequimur Ariſtotelem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Secundò implicat <expan abbr="repugnantiã">repugnantiam</expan>: quia ſumit <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="terminorũ">terminorum</expan> à declinationib. Solis quæ ſunt in ſphę<lb></lb>ra planetarum; mox accipit terminos aliarum differentiarum ex progreſſu ſphæræ ſupremæ qui toto <lb></lb>diametro opponitur progreſſui <expan abbr="planetarũ">planetarum</expan>; mouentur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hi ab occaſu in <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan>, ideò conuenit illis <expan abbr="dextrũ">dextrum</expan> <lb></lb>quod eſt ab occaſu, & ante quod eſt ad punctum vertici oppoſitum. </s> <s>Prætereà dicit Ariſt. </s> <s>polos ipſos <lb></lb>eſſe ſurſum & deorſum excluſis aliis cœli partibus; ait <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſos efficere tales differentias, quia non mo<lb></lb>uentur: at ſoli ipſi non mouentur, partes alias latera vocat, quæ mouentur. </s> <s>Vltimo argumentor per <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> à comparatis. </s> <s>Sicut ſe habet ſecundùm quid ad ſecundùm quid inter cauſſas & effectus propter <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ſimilitudinem; ſic & ſimpliciter ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Sed in horizonte quem <expan abbr="artificialẽ">artificialem</expan> Aſtronomi ap<lb></lb>pellant; ab ipſius terminis accipitur ortus & occaſus. </s> <s>ergo etiam in horizonte ſimpliciter à punctis <lb></lb>qui ſunt in eius terminis accipienda ſunt dextrum, & <expan abbr="ſiniſtrũ">ſiniſtrum</expan> ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Sic ergo cùm ab ortu motus <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> exiſtat in ſphæra <expan abbr="inerrantiũ">inerrantium</expan>, & terminetur occaſu; quandò in nob. </s> <s>dextra pars initium motui <lb></lb>facit, <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="dexterã">dexteram</expan> eius partem, ac <expan abbr="ſiniſtrã">ſiniſtram</expan> illi <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan> occaſum .ſ. </s> <s>appellabimus. </s> <s>Quia verò mo<lb></lb>uetur ad <expan abbr="meridianũ">meridianum</expan> & ad <expan abbr="verticẽ">verticem</expan> noſtrum; hæc pars anterior reputabitur: illi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> contraria poſterior. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex his ſine vllo negocio præfinietur tertia differentia poſituræ: nam ſi fingamus <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> qui <expan abbr="dextrã">dextram</expan> ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="orientẽ">orientem</expan> protendat, & ſiniſtra <expan abbr="cõprehendat">comprehendat</expan> occaſum, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>ponamus agere cœlum ad <expan abbr="verticẽ">verticem</expan> noſtrum, <pb pagenum="941"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5371"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& <expan abbr="meridianũ">meridianum</expan> verſus voluere, caput profectò antarctico, arctico verò pedes adiacebunt: ita ad antar<lb></lb>cticum erit pars cœli ſuprema, infima <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ad arcticum. </s> <s>nam ſi <expan abbr="iudiciũ">iudicium</expan> faciendum eſt ex his quæ pluri<lb></lb>mum fiunt, & ex eo quod natura non, niſi <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> certa de cauſſa eueniat, euariare ſolet, idem cœlo àc <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>euenire <expan abbr="credendũ">credendum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiæ fauent Aſtronomorum <expan abbr="veterũ">veterum</expan> decreta qui eam <expan abbr="plagã">plagam</expan> <lb></lb>quattuor illuſtribus ſtellis <expan abbr="exornatã">exornatam</expan> eſſe teſtantur, quas vulgus hodie vocat Crucerium: cuius ſchema <lb></lb>habes apud <expan abbr="Andreã">Andream</expan> Curſalium <expan abbr="ciuẽ">ciuem</expan> noſtrum. </s> <s>quod ſydus per 11. gradus à puncto antarctico diſtat, <lb></lb>licèt ab aliis <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> circundetur, atque illis lucidiſsimis per <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> graduum; 30. Proinde non tantum <lb></lb>ſymbolcè Danthes noſter eſt elocutus, ſed ſtudio, & diligentia ex antiquorum lectione eſt expiſcatus. <lb></lb></s> <s>O nos miſeros, qui, cùm ad <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> partem conuerſi ſimus, <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> aſpectu frui non poſſumus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illi <lb></lb>verè miſeri qui teſtati ſunt <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> tantum in <expan abbr="cẽtauro">centauro</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſplendidã">ſplendidam</expan>, <expan abbr="primæq́">primæque</expan>. </s> <s>magnitudinis, reliquas mul<lb></lb>tò inferiores, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> admodùm lucidas. </s> <s>Sed cùm planetæ ab occaſu <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> incipiant, & ortum verſus <expan abbr="agã-tur">agan<lb></lb>tur</expan>, in hoc <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan> non imitabimur qui cùm duos oppoſitos motus in cœlo perſpiceret, vnum <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> vo<lb></lb>cauit <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> alterius appellauit; primùm <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> à dextris incipere docuit, alterum verò <lb></lb>à ſiniſtris. </s> <s>Nos vniformi naturæ opera conſeruata motus ac terminos in cęteris orbibus è contrario ſta<lb></lb>tuemus. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſupremæ ſphærę occaſus fuerat, & ſiniſtra; illis erit ortus & dextra: quod nob. </s> <s>eſt ver<lb></lb>tex, & meridianum: illi verò ante: his erit pone, ac punctus huic oppoſitus erit ante, & quod arcticus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5372"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>infra, nunc erit ſuprà, infrà verò illi oppoſitus antarcticus. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò quòd vniforme, <expan abbr="ſuiq́">ſuique</expan>. </s> <s>ſi<lb></lb>mile cœlum ſpectamus; <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> dubitationem excitat in animis noſtris, ne fortè differentiæ illæ ſint ad <lb></lb>nos, non autem ex rei natura. </s> <s>Veruntamen & illas ex natura eſſe credendum eſt, tum quòd ſuprà & <lb></lb>infrà, quæ ſunt ad polos, ſiue in ſphæra inerrante, ſeu <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in orbibus planetarum, manent; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eadem <lb></lb>ſunt apud omneis qui <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> cùm varietatem non accipiant, nec vllum diſcrimen extet in motu, quod ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan> inferioremúe partem ſpectat, me quoque perſuadet eos terminos vertici <expan abbr="pedibuſq́">pedibuſque</expan>. </s> <s>noſtris <lb></lb>optimè reſpondere. </s> <s>Quamobrem <expan abbr="dubitandũ">dubitandum</expan> non eſt, hanc <expan abbr="differentiã">differentiam</expan> ſitus eſſe naturalem: que tamet<lb></lb>ſi in animali reſpicit incrementum, quod in cœlo <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> eſt; at inde excipi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> analogia; quoniam ſicut <lb></lb>in animali nullus ex hac poſiturę differentia motus eſt, vt quaſi ſuper immobili fiat; ſic inter polos per <lb></lb>axem nullus eſt motus, ſed circum <expan abbr="axẽ">axem</expan> & polos, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> terminos immobiles obitur: de reliquis du<lb></lb>bitari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, cùm <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ſumi poſsint ortus, & occaſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> idem punctus ad diuerſas regioneis ſit occa<lb></lb>ſus & ortus. </s> <s>At fingamus hoc loco ad rei noſtræ <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan>, motum cœli nunc exordiri. </s> <s>deberet igi<lb></lb>tur eſſe principium <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, vnde inciperet, & quanuis ea figura ſit <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ſui ſimilis, tamen quandam <lb></lb><expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> partem eſſe oporteret quæ motus <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> foret, ac ſi figuræ diſcrimen exiſteret; vtique adeſſet, vt <lb></lb>cor in animali: nunc tametſi figura nihil variatur; at differentia virtutis intercedit, vt quanuis homo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5373"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>totus orbis eſſet; à corde tamen eſſet <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> motus origo. </s> <s>Quòd ſi dubites; vndénam orientis punctus <lb></lb>accipiendus ſit: ego duas tibi monſtrabo <expan abbr="rõneis">rationeis</expan>; vtramuis, diuiduum fac. </s> <s>neutram <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> doctrinæ Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>repugnare puto. </s> <s>Primam quidem quæ confirmari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> à ſigno, vt oriens ille ſumatur qui eſt in habita<lb></lb>bili noſtra inter Tropicum <expan abbr="Cãcri">Cancri</expan>, & arcticum <expan abbr="polũ">polum</expan>, vbi pars mundi noſtra per maximos <expan abbr="editiſsimoſq́">editiſsimoſque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>monteis ab antichthone ſeiungitur. </s> <s>vnde <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan> fluxus in mediterraneum ex orditur, illucuſque vnde <lb></lb>aquæ refluere incipiunt, vbi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> natura <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſua bona vberrimè <expan abbr="benigniſsimeq́">benigniſsimeque</expan>. </s> <s>diſpenſauit, vbi plantæ <lb></lb>perfectiores, vbertas ſoli maxima, & hominum copia qui bonarum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> artium auctores extiterint. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi ordo, ibi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quippiam eſſe fatebimur, & ibi <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> præſto eſſe dicendum eſt, vbi maximè <lb></lb>functio viget. </s> <s>Niſi placeat iſta <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>; alteram nunc tibi ſuppedito. </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hîc eſt, quòd à me expectes <lb></lb><expan abbr="orationẽ">orationem</expan> quæ <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> redargui, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conuinci poſsit; ac bene agitur, ſi ſimilitudinem veri conſequatur, & <lb></lb>dum de rebus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, quæ tanto interuallo à nobis diſiunctæ ſunt, minus id quod habemus animo conſe<lb></lb>quimur, vt oratio noſtra ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> parte conſentiat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> contentus eſſe debebis, ſi probabilia dicentur; nec <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> vltra requires. </s> <s>Sit <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> ortus, & occaſus, & ad nos in illa figura <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ſui ſimile: atquid <lb></lb>prohibet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in quolibet ſigno principium talis motus exiſtere ſecundùm naturam? </s> <s>non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idem <expan abbr="iudi-ciũ">iudi<lb></lb>cium</expan> de magnitudine faciendum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> virtute; præſertim ſi illa fuerit exors materiæ. </s> <s>quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reſpicit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5374"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, certis <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> terminis affigitur: at talis virtus certis limitibus ſe contineri non <expan abbr="patit̃">patitur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>proinde ſi incipiat motus cęleſtis; ita incipiet, vt ſic moueatur cœlum, & eò verſus quò nunc mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita oriens erit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus, & quæcunque illa pars cœli ſit; vnde motus incipiet quem nunc ortum <lb></lb>iudicamus. </s> <s>Erit igitur in eo corpore virtutis principium, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> magnitudinis. </s> <s>ſed prior illa ſenten<lb></lb>tia ab Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> approbata fuiſſe comperitur. </s> <s>Ex his etiam decerni <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> de parte anteriore, & po<lb></lb>ſteriore corporis illius diuini. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> nobis obſtat id quod prima facie nos interturbare poſſet; ſi cogi<lb></lb>tare licet principium motus, vbi ex quiete abſoluta tranſeat ad motum, quòd & temporis initium co<lb></lb>gitare licebit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt ſupra docuimus, etiam quietis menſura tempus eſt, ſi non proximè, ſaltem re<lb></lb>motè: quanquam & ea mutatio prima eſſe non poteſt, vt ſuperiore libro diſſeruimus; & id etiam, ſi <lb></lb>non vt reipſa conſiſtens, ſed ex hypotheſi ſumptum concedatur, nil affert abſurdi.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5368"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5369"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5370"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5371"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5372"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5373"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5374"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diluuntur ea quæ opponi ſolent Aristoteli de poſituræ differentiis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC quoque confirmaſſe videtur auctoritas Aſtronomorum qui arietem è ſignis Zodiaci caput <lb></lb>anni ſtatuerunt; nam tunc herbæ pubentes è terra <expan abbr="ſuccreſcũt">ſuccreſcunt</expan>, & medium <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> eſt inter hyemis <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſęuitiã">ſęuitiam</expan>, & æſtatis ardores. </s> <s>itaque de totius anni fato à Solis in Arietem ingreſſu pronunciant, & ex iis <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõplures">complures</expan> qui mundum ab initio quodam extitiſſe fatentur, <expan abbr="mẽſe">menſe</expan> Martio ab auctore ſupremo in lucem <pb pagenum="942"></pb>editum aſſeuerant, & aiunt, cùm primùm in hunc <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> elementa digeſta ſunt, arietis ſignum media <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5375"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cœli tenuiſſe. </s> <s>Proinde ſicut ab eo principio motum cęli <expan abbr="deductũ">deductum</expan> eſſe putant, & dum perſeuerat idem <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> principium habendum eſt; ſic & Ariſt. </s> <s>in æternitate principium motus eſſe teſtatur. </s> <s>Nec me la<lb></lb>tet & has poſituræ differentias à Pythagoricis excogitatas, aut ſalem deſignatas ante fuiſſe, quas poſteà <lb></lb>probabiliter confirmauerit Ariſtoteles: nam dextram illi item mundi ab ortu, vnde inciperet motus, <lb></lb>eſſe voluerunt, ſiniſtram verò ab occaſu quæ ſententia quoque vulgò recepta fuiſſe videtur; quando <lb></lb>item Homerus ſic cecinerit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5375"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἐίτ' ἐπι δεξιὰ ἴωσι πρὸς ἠώθ' ἡελιοντε,<lb></lb> Ἔιτ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ τοίγε ποτὶ ζὸφον ἠερόεντα</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hos etiam ſunt imitati Geographi citra æquatorem; cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poli altitudinem veſtigent, vt terræ ſitum <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmodius">commodius</expan> aſſequantur, faciem ſuam ad arcticum vertunt: proinde ortus erit illis à dextris occaſus à ſi<lb></lb>niſtris: tametſi Empedocles neſcio qua ratione ductus <expan abbr="dextrã">dextram</expan> in tropico æſtiuo collocauit, in hyemali <lb></lb>ſiniſtram; niſi fortè cum poëtis obſeruans occaſus aſtrorum conuertat <expan abbr="faciẽ">faciem</expan> ad occaſum, vnde ſepten<lb></lb>trio dexter fiet, aut ortum Solis ſpectans cum Aſtronomis cùm in <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> climate Sol oriens ſupra <lb></lb><expan abbr="finientẽ">finientem</expan>, ſeptentrionem à dextris, <expan abbr="auſtrũ">auſtrum</expan> verò à ſiniſtris habeat, & ita <expan abbr="luſtrãs">luſtrans</expan> vniuerſum tropicis termi<lb></lb>net ſuos omneis circuitus; auſtrali ſiniſtrum, <expan abbr="dextrũ">dextrum</expan> ſeptentrionali conceſsit. </s> <s>Sed hæc miſſa faciamus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5376"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illò conuertamur quod à nonnullis Ariſt. </s> <s>obiectum eſt, qui non animaduerſa <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> virtute, ſed tem<lb></lb>pore in figura corporis illius quod ſine intermiſsione meat in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>, perſuaderi noluerunt ibi vllas po<lb></lb>ſituræ differentias eſſe ex rei natura, ſed ad nos duntaxat. </s> <s>Mitto quòd eas denegant plantis, quod licet <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>tribuat illas animantibus, non id vult accipi generatim, ſed pro <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> merito, & omnes in per<lb></lb>fectis ſolis eſſe ſumere; illa contemplor, quibus primùm non <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan> eſſe concluditur, vt in animali <lb></lb>ſint eiuſmodi differentiæ, quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in cœlo, quatenus animal: ſiquidem in tethyis, ſeu papillis (ſunt <lb></lb>verò ex <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> genere quæ viuunt affixa, ſed tota corporis natura carnoſa eſt, nec pars alia vel organica, <lb></lb>vel ſentiendi facultate pollens vlla <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> percipitur) nihil extat huiuſmodi; ſi dixeris, at hæc imper<lb></lb>fecta eſſe, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> id <expan abbr="differentiarũ">differentiarum</expan> genus ad ea non pertinere: atqui hoc <expan abbr="imperfectorũ">imperfectorum</expan> eſſe debet; quandò <lb></lb>perfecta, vt mens noſtra, <expan abbr="cęteręq́">cęteręque</expan>. </s> <s>mentes ſublimiores dextrum ac ſiniſtrum reſpuere videantur. </s> <s>Tum <lb></lb>item ex perfectione, & ſimplicitate corporis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cœlum corpus ſimpliciſsimum, quod <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſuperio<lb></lb>rem habet <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, neque inferiorem; neque anteriorem, poſterioremúe, ſed <expan abbr="vndecunq.">vndecunque</expan> ſui ſimilis eſt, & <lb></lb>eius figuræ in qua ſumi <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> queat ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> parte; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dextrum habet, neque ſiniſtrum, & iure qui<lb></lb>dem: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ibi poſterius adeſt origine, prius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> præceſſerit neceſſe eſt: at illa priora ſunt ſuperius, <lb></lb>& inferius antè & ponè, quæ nulla apparent in cœlo. </s> <s>quanquam ſi res adamuſsim elimanda eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ad nos ea poſituræ <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan> rectè ſe habet: cùm ſi <expan abbr="ſolẽ">ſolem</expan> reſpiciamus, is à dextra ſit eorum, qui citra <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5377"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="æquinoctialẽ">æquinoctialem</expan> degunt; iis verò, qui trans ipſum à lęua. </s> <s>Prætereà dextrum & ſiniſtrum ſic ſe habent, vt <lb></lb>ſiniſtrum ſit ſuper quo quieſcit animal: dextrum verò, vnde principium motus. </s> <s>ergo ſi polis hę diffe<lb></lb>rentiæ conuenirent; eſſet ſanè alter polus quo niteretur cœlum in mouendo, ſed æquiformes ſunt; nec <lb></lb>vno magis quam altero niti <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> cœlum. </s> <s>Quartum vulgatum eſt, quòd ſi cœli partes ita conſtitutæ <lb></lb>ſunt, vt vna in alterius locum ſuccedat; efficitur planè, vt <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> differentiæ nomenclaturam <lb></lb>accipiat. </s> <s>Quinto motus initia diuerſa ſunt in orbe ſupremo, & errantium ſphæris. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ani<lb></lb>malia non ita moueantur, aut animalia à dextra pariter, & ſiniſtra principium ſui motus facere pote<lb></lb>runt, aut cœlum non erit animal. </s> <s>Poſtremò vbi dextrum & ſiniſtrum; ibi perfectum & <expan abbr="imperfectũ">imperfectum</expan>: <lb></lb>ſiquidem ſiniſtrum ſit imperfectum. </s> <s>Sed in cœlo nihil eſt imperfecti: non igitur ſiniſtrum: quare <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dextrum: quandò ſunt hæc natura ſimul: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vno ſublato <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="tollat̃">tollatur</expan> neceſſe eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc potiſsimè nouimus opponi Ariſtoteli. </s> <s>Veruntamen ea quæ ſuprà conſtituimus, & quæ mox <expan abbr="ſub-iungẽtur">ſub<lb></lb>iungentur</expan>, parua opera nos ex obiectis difficultatibus expedient, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illo approbato, quòd papillæ quæ <lb></lb>ſunt animalia dextro careant & ſiniſtro, quia ſint imperfecta, quin etiam quod mentes ob <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> <lb></lb>immunes ſint <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> poſituræ; non idcirco negantur hæ differentiæ cœlo, quia ſunt propriæ <expan abbr="perfectorũ">perfectorum</expan> non <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, ſed in genere corporum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animantium. </s> <s>Et quod obiiciunt à figura corporis acceptum, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5378"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſatis ſuprà perpenſum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="demonſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan> non <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> corporis, ſed <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> eſſe conſiderandam cuius <lb></lb>beneficio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> multò prius adſunt aliæ differentiæ poſituræ ſimpliciores antè & ponè, ſuperius & in<lb></lb>ferius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> nos ita ad nos haſce differentias in corpore cœleſti conſtituimus, vt eas ſic eſſe velimus, quae <lb></lb>illa dextera pars ſit, quæ <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> reſpiciat, qui <expan abbr="oppoſitã">oppoſitam</expan>, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> augures, ſed quòd ita ſint in cęlo <lb></lb>motus initia, aut <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> analogicè ponenda, velut in nob. </s> <s>Similiter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nec ſiniſtrum, vt in nob. </s> <s>gerit vi<lb></lb>cem partis ſuper qua nitimur, ſic in ipſo cœlo <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> alia ſit ratio corporis quod rectà fertur, & <lb></lb>extra ſe habet ſuper quo nitatur. </s> <s>alia verò eius quod continet id quo nititur, & propter <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> alia ſit <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <lb></lb>reſiſtentiæ internæ in animali noſtrate, atque in cœlo, & planè centrum eſt, ſuper quo <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> fixo mo<lb></lb>uetur cœlum, poli ſunt termini productionis, & extentionis motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in hoc non audiendos eſſe ar<lb></lb>bitror aſtronomos qui polis inniti volunt orbes. </s> <s>quare Philoſophus iis non <expan abbr="ſiniſtrũ">ſiniſtrum</expan>, aut <expan abbr="dextrũ">dextrum</expan> tribue<lb></lb>re voluit, ſed ſuperius & inferius, quæ <expan abbr="neutiquã">neutiquam</expan> reſpiciunt hoc genus initiorum motus, vnde .ſ. </s> <s>& quo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ad quantum ſatis <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt in calce capitis ſuperioris. </s> <s>Quintum ſic diluimus adnotantes in cœlo mo<lb></lb>tum totius, & ſic ab oriente <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus exiſtit. </s> <s>deinde motum <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>, qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> velut animalia ſin<lb></lb>gula mouentur <expan abbr="errantiũ">errantium</expan> ſphærę, & orbis ſupremus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> dextra & ſiniſtra <expan abbr="cõmutantur">commutantur</expan>, ſeruata tamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> analogia quæ reſpicit initia motus vnde, & quo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud obſtat, quòd in cœlo ſit imperfectio <lb></lb>quædam: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> præter D. O. M. qui eſt <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> perfectus in cæteris res ſe habet vt prouerbio fertur. <pb pagenum="943"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5379"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>In cyttaro quoque aliquid mali ſat eſt, ſi illud malum eius naturæ merito non excedat. </s> <s>Hæc mihi viſa <lb></lb>ſunt quæ tantis viris pro Ariſtotele reſponderem: quibus ſi (vt ſpero) ſatisfactum fuerit: reliquum <lb></lb>eſt, vt accedamus ad ea quæ conſequuntur ex his.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5376"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5377"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5378"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5379"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum'ne idem ſit anima cœli, & mouens primum, an ſecum neceſſariò differant. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>AT verò ad comperiendam animæ cœleſtis <expan abbr="eſsẽtiam">eſsentiam</expan> ſpeculari oportet, vtrum'ne idem ſit, ac mens <lb></lb>illa quam primum mouens conſtituimus, an aliquo pacto ſeparentur difficilis ſanè quæſtio, & <lb></lb>de qua plura in diuerſas parteis decernantur. </s> <s>Nec Auerroës multum ſibi conſtitit qui modò hæc <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb>putarit, aliàs docuerit primum motorem illum eſſe qui infinito tempore moueret; <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> verò finitæ <lb></lb>motionis auctorem eſſe. </s> <s>Alexander etiam, Simplicius, & Auicenna <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> cœli à mentis eſſentia ſe<lb></lb>cretam eſſe voluerunt. </s> <s>Neque deſunt qui ex illorum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> cenſeant animam cœli eſſe <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> è ſecundo <lb></lb>ordine. </s> <s>hoc eſt, aliam ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="immortalẽ">immortalem</expan> vnam, aut plures infra primam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illud Ariſt. </s> <s>fuiſſe <lb></lb>attributum lego à Proclo vnum eſſe mouens primum quod extra <expan abbr="gregẽ">gregem</expan> foret; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>mouere tanquam <lb></lb>finem; deinde ſingulorum <expan abbr="orbiũ">orbium</expan> animas eſſe ſuas <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> proprias, quæ alio modo motum efficerent, <lb></lb>quod item ex Ariſtotelico libro de prece ſe excerpſiſſe profitetur. </s> <s>Eandem verò eſſe animam cœli, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5380"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> rationibus hiſce confirmare poſſumus. </s> <s>Primùm, quia ſi anima cœlo concedatur, ea tali rei cauſ<lb></lb>ſa eſt, vt ſit id quod per ſe moueat, ſed id quod per ſe mouet, in cœlo mens eſt; anima igitur, & mens <lb></lb>idem ſunt. </s> <s>Mentem verò per ſe mouere perſpicuum eſt: nam veriſimile eſt illas ſubſtantias, per ſe mo<lb></lb>uere, quæ per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> inuentæ ſunt 8. Phyſ. & 12. Met. ſed earum <expan abbr="demonſtrationũ">demonſtrationum</expan> ope ferimur in noti<lb></lb>tiam mentium, nec vllius aliæ ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan>: illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> immobilis eſt per ſe, & per accidens ab omni <lb></lb>concretione <expan abbr="corpulentiaq́">corpulentiaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſegregata, quod igitur per ſe mouet eſt mens quæ ſemper eſt actu, & eadem <lb></lb>quæ concipiatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> concipiat: nam cùm exors materiæ ſit, actu <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> mouere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & à ſeipſa conci<lb></lb>pi; mens igitur: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>optimo iure, nam <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> <expan abbr="cauſſaq́">cauſſaque</expan>. </s> <s>prima, cur res ſub <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> cadat, actus per ſe <lb></lb>eſt; atqui genus illud ſubſtantiarum actus eſt, functio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perfectiſsima primæ. </s> <s>i. perfectiſsimæ ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ tribuenda; hæc verò eſt contemplatio: per ſe igitur actu concipiuntur & concipiunt: itaque <lb></lb>ſunt mentes. </s> <s>Tum prætereà, quia ſi duos ordines <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> per ſe ponas, id efficies, ne ſubſtantiæ mo<lb></lb>uentes cum ſphęris ipſis numerari poſsint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> rationes, meo quidem iudicio, parui ponde<lb></lb>ris <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> momenti. </s> <s>Memini <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> me apud <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> non infimæ claſsis auctores ſcriptum <expan abbr="cõperiſſe">comperiſſe</expan> non<lb></lb>modò idem eſſe <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animam cœli, ſed & eas à natura non diſcrepare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> anima eſt forma <lb></lb>animantis; itaque & natura eius cuius eſt anima, ſed hæc non alia, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> intelligens, ergo intelligentia. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5381"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Prætereà cœlum non eſt materia tantùm, quia vacaret <expan abbr="cõpluribus">compluribus</expan> accidentibus <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> perſpicuè forma <lb></lb>ſupponitur, non forma tantùm, quae per ſe non moueretur: igitur ex materia <expan abbr="formaq́">formaque</expan>. </s> <s>compoſitum. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea forma aut caduca eſt, aut immortalis; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè caduca, quandò item cœlum non eſſet perpe<lb></lb>tuum: immortalis igitur: quapropter erit intelligentia. </s> <s>Ad hęc, vniuerſa naturæ definitio conuenit <lb></lb>intelligentiæ: & intelligentia igitur, & natura ſimul. </s> <s>vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura principium motus eſt per ſe & primò <lb></lb>illius in quo eſt, ſit & intelligentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> ſi minus ille motus cœli non eſſet naturalis, ſed violentus, quip<lb></lb>pe ab externo. </s> <s>Prætereà cœlum eſt per ſe mobile; quare conſtat ex parte per ſe mouente, & parte mo<lb></lb>bili. </s> <s>Cęterùm pars mouens eſt intelligentia: hæc igitur cœli pars, & intra cœlum, non extra ipſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adde his <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> quòd magis vnum fiat ex mente & orbe, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex forma materiata & materia. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>intelligentia natura eſt, cùm ſit internum <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus ipſi orbi. </s> <s>Veruntamen quòd hæc ſecum di<lb></lb>ſtinguantur, valet admodum (niſi fallor) id quod afferebat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Primùm mouens mouere quae <lb></lb>amaretur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> intelligeretur; eſſe verò alterum <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> eius quod <expan abbr="intelligeret̃">intelligeretur</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> intelligentis ipſius, <lb></lb>& amandi <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> amantis <foreign lang="grc">ἄλλην συστοιχείαν</foreign> appellauit Alexander quod Arabes ineptiſsimè transforma<lb></lb>runt in Alloſtogiam, <expan abbr="multaq́">multaque</expan>. </s> <s>de vocis huiuſce vi blaterarunt. </s> <s>Tum etiam quia ſi mouet, quoniam ap<lb></lb>petitur: ergo id quod mouetur, appetat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>verùm, quia non appetit ſolùm, ſed amat, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt <lb></lb>animantis officium: amat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod intelligit; anima amans aderit neceſſariò quæ ab amato ipſo di<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5382"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtinguetur ad mobile pertinens. </s> <s>Et quantum pertinet ad id quòd intelligentia & anima, ac forma cœli <lb></lb>ſint idem: tametſi res hæc fęliciſsimè peracta eſt à philoſophis ætate noſtra nobiliſsimis; non poſſum <lb></lb>facere, quin ego <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> hoc loco rem diligenter expenſurus eorum opib. vtar, vt ſaltem illa quæ notan<lb></lb>tur ab ipſis, cùm iis quæ conſtituimus hactenus, conſonantia reddantur. </s> <s>Nam veriſsimè illud obiectum <lb></lb>eſt, ſi intelligentia eſt natura; ergo ad phyſicum pertinebit noſſe quid eſt intelligentia: ſiquidem for<lb></lb>mæ naturales à philoſopho naturali <expan abbr="cõſiderandæ">conſiderandæ</expan> ſint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Valdeq́">Valdeque</expan>. </s> <s>obſcurum eſt, ſi natura quæ eſt forma, <lb></lb>poſsit eſſe immortalis; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>puto ſecum congruere maximè, ſi forma naturalis eſt, & caduca, ac ſi non <lb></lb>caduca; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item naturalis, <expan abbr="meq́">meque</expan>. </s> <s>mouet ad id credendum locus Ariſt. </s> <s>in extremo 1. de phyſ. </s> <s>auditu. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nanque ibi accurata formæ notitia primæ philoſophię delegatur: non ob aliam ſanè cauſſam, vt <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5383"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teſtantur? </s> <s>quàm quòd forma duplex materiata, & expers materiæ, quæ æterna per ſe eſt, cùm <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="vacãs">vacans</expan> <lb></lb>materia careat ea poteſtate quæ contradicentia reſpicit. </s> <s>Si igitur materia cauſſa eſt interitùs; æternum <lb></lb>materia careat oportet: ergo ab oppoſito. </s> <s>quod eſt in materia, non poterit eſſe æternum. </s> <s>Quamob<lb></lb>rem Philoſophus <expan abbr="ibidẽ">ibidem</expan> ſubiecit ea verba ſe poſteà diſſerturum de formis naturalibus & caducis, quòd <lb></lb>immortales non pertineant ad <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>, cùm ſint extra materiam. </s> <s>Nec vllum diſcrimen extabit inter <lb></lb><expan abbr="phyſicũ">phyſicum</expan>, & primùm philoſophum. </s> <s>Nihil erit etiam prorſus immobile: proptereà quòd forma per ac<lb></lb>cidens moueatur, & ſeipſam per accidens moueat. </s> <s>Iam verò quantum illud inopinabile ex intelligen <pb pagenum="944"></pb>tia, & orbe vnum fieri per ſe. </s> <s>Primùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> intelligentia conſtitueret <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> cœli, & eſſet pars quę per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5384"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tineret ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>; proinde deſineretur per orbem. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> intelligentia non eſſet eſſentia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpecieſq́">ſpecieſque</expan>. </s> <s>perfecta: quandoquidem pars non eſt ſpecies. </s> <s>Necnon ſi intelligentia eſſet forma cœli, tunc <lb></lb>intellectus, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>; eſſet actus corporis organici: omnis enim quoquomodo reſpiceret corpus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſtremò materia eſt propter formam. </s> <s>Sed quis vſus eſt materia ipſi intelligentiæ, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt intelli<lb></lb>gat; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> facultas <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſecreta à ſenſibus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt moueat; nam ſic ex alio penderet, nec eſſet ſimplici<lb></lb>ter primum. </s> <s>Melius igitur Græci, vt arbitror, qui animam à primo motore <expan abbr="ſeparatã">ſeparatam</expan> eſſe voluerunt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> Alexander, Simplicio teſte, putauit <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>, etſi à mente ſecreta eſt, à corporis cœleſtis natura <lb></lb>non differre; cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit anima cœli <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus internum & <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> per quam cœlum conuertitur; hoc <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> natura ſit; profectò anima cœli ab eius natura non ſegregabitur. </s> <s>Atqui contra <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> diſſerit Simpli<lb></lb>cius argumentis grauiſsimis. </s> <s>Anima (inquiens) eſt natura præſtantior; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non natura; aliter idem <lb></lb>foret ſeipſo præſtantius. </s> <s>Deinde quæ definitione ſeparantur, <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſſe nequeunt: at verò alia eſt ani<lb></lb>mæ definitio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> naturæ: illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicitur actus corporis organici naturalis: natura <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> principium mo<lb></lb>tus & quietis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in corpore non organico. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> forma corporis Phyſici organici eſt <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>, non na<lb></lb>tura: cęlum eſt corpus organicum, ſi non propter ſubſtantiam; at propter figuram: eius igitur forma <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, non natura. </s> <s>Poſtremò natura ſemper reſpicit materiam. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> virtus in materia infinita non eſt: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5385"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi ergo anima cœli ipſius foret natura, finita eſſet: at cœlum perpetuum eſt: non igitur habet formam, <lb></lb>quæ ſit natura, ſed <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> aliam ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="immortalẽ">immortalem</expan> quæ perpetuò moueri poſsit. </s> <s>Idcirco Themi<lb></lb>ſtius, Simplicius, & Auicenna putant <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> cœli eſſe è poſteriore <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ordine, quaſi <expan abbr="mediã">mediam</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <lb></lb>inter cœlum, & primùm mouens. </s> <s>Sed ſpectanti mihi locum Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> apparet ibi poni alias menteis pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5386"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma excepta, quæ <expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan> ſuos orbeis <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo quo primum mouet, aut ſphæram <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, aut vniuer<lb></lb>ſum cœlum motu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> communi. </s> <s>Adde etiam, quia ſic non ſeruabitur numerus æqualis mobilium, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> quem tamen & Gręci confitentur, & ab Ariſt. </s> <s>nonmodò iudicatum, ſed expreſſum vide<lb></lb>mus: nam ſic aut vno numerus <expan abbr="orbiũ">orbium</expan> ſuperabitur, ſi detur mens mouens orbes vniuerſos, aut dupli<lb></lb>cabitur numerus <expan abbr="principiorũ">principiorum</expan> mouentium, ſi ſingulis orbibus ſubſtantia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſeparata adſit quæ mo<lb></lb>ueat vt finis, altera quæ moueat, vt anima, aut ſi non detur mens quę moueat primum <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan>, prębeatur <lb></lb>occaſio dubitandi, ne fortè in aliis orbibus ea ponenda ſit, quæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio diſcriminis intercedit? </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> mouens eſſe, quod æquè pertineat ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> mobilia, ſuprà abundè confutauimus. </s> <s>Quamobrem re<lb></lb>ſtat, ſi <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan> eſt animatum, vt habeat <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> animam à reliquis mentibus ſeparatam. </s> <s>Proptereà credidit <lb></lb>Auicenna ſingulis orbib. attribui bina principia mouentia. </s> <s>Sed tu iam vidiſti quantopere labefacte<lb></lb>tur ſubſtantiarum mouentium numerus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>allatus. </s> <s>Veruntamen, vt mea ſententia fert, omnium <lb></lb>maximè <expan abbr="cauẽdum">cauendum</expan>, ne materiatam aliquam formam animam eſſe dicamus, tum quia cœlum cum actu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5387"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſubſtantia ſit, tali forma non eget, vt exiſtat, tum etiam, vt moueatur; quandò, aut infinito tempore <lb></lb>mouere non poterit, aut in non tempore mouebit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5380"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5381"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5382"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5383"></margin.target>a T. 83.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5384"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5385"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5386"></margin.target>a 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5387"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid de anima cæli Peripateticè defendi poſſe credamus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Si licet inter tantos philoſophos interponere iudicium noſtrum, non video equidem quo pacto tu<lb></lb>tius Ariſt. </s> <s>placita defendamus, quàm ſi ſtatuamus cœlum per ſeipſum eſſe animatum primùm, <lb></lb>& quòd habeat talem vim <foreign lang="grc">συνουσιωμένην</foreign>, vt lamblichi & Alexandri verbis vtar; ita vt tota eius ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia quæ conſtituit corpus illud <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan>, quod dicitur actu ſubſtantia, ſit hoc corpus animatum; nec <lb></lb>ſecus ſe habeat àc primum <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> quod in ſemine comprehendi docuit Ariſtoteles, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod eſt pote<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5388"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtate in menſtruo; actu verò, vbi <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> organa ex ipſo confecta ſunt. </s> <s>accipio verò <expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan> hoc non teme<lb></lb>re, cùm quòd Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe ab animantis inſpectione in <expan abbr="cõtemplationem">contemplationem</expan> cœli ducatur, tum quod anima<lb></lb>tum, illud <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſimillimum (ſi quod eſt corpus quod ei ſimile <expan abbr="habendũ">habendum</expan> ſit) corpori cœleſti perhibe<lb></lb>tur; id verò eſt quòd conſtat ex ſpiritu & calore cœleſti, hoc eſt, per <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan> radios diffuſo, & in primo <lb></lb><expan abbr="præcipuoq́">præcipuoque</expan>. </s> <s>membro reſidens (ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mihi ſumo nunc <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>non ignarus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eidem phi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5389"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loſopho tribui à D. Auguſtino, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt ſaltem pios viros aſſentientes <expan abbr="habeã">habeam</expan>) à formis affectum per habili<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5390"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tatem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> per quam formas accipit ſine materia, & per inſtrumenta ſibi adnexa mouet parteis vniuer<lb></lb>ſas animalis; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> hoc reuera eſt, quod efficit motum in corpore organico; habilitas <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>illa facultas ſolùm, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> propriè; nam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ita <expan abbr="cõſtat">conſtat</expan> hoc corpus, vt diuidatur <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ani<lb></lb>mal in partem, quæ ſit <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> & forma, atque <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> quæ ſit corpus. </s> <s>calor <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cœleſtis per ſe anima non eſt: <lb></lb>multò minus ſpiritus ille quo calor <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> ſubiecto fundatur: neque item illa facultas ad accipiendas <lb></lb>formas, ſed vniuerſum hoc primùm mouens in animali exiſtit, ſpiritus .ſ. </s> <s>in quo ineſt calor cœleſtis, & <lb></lb>ex hoc habilitas ad formas pro nobilitate, ignobilitateúe materiæ; vnde ſentiens eſt, aut intelligens; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> habilitas illa <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> in actu, ſed poteſtate, niſi tum, quando vtitur corpore organico: ita vt vis motri<lb></lb>cis eſſentia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in corpore ſubiecto poſita ſit, ſed in eo quòd ſit actus corporis illius; ideò quatenus <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>, <lb></lb>eſt indiuidua, & incorporea per ſe, & immobilis; diuidua verò & corporea quà principium mouens <lb></lb>propter ſubiectum eſt, & <expan abbr="fundamentũ">fundamentum</expan> eius habilitatis quam habet ad formas, & habitudinis quam <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> <lb></lb>habet ad corpus <expan abbr="organicũ">organicum</expan>, & ſic ab organo ſeparabile: nam tum ſolùm officiis animæ fungi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> quæ <lb></lb>ſunt alere, cognoſcere, appetere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> agitari à formis, vt vnà <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> agat corpus illud primum in quo reſi<lb></lb>det, & per hoc vniuerſum corpus, ex quo motus ille exiſtit, qui animalis proprius eſt, cùm abſolutum eſt <lb></lb>illud corpus, & <expan abbr="organũ">organum</expan> primum, & reliqua deinceps quæ illius officiis ſeorſum <expan abbr="inſeruiũt">inſeruiunt</expan>. </s> <s>Verùm quia <pb pagenum="945"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5391"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>formæ quæ ſub <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> cadunt, ad ipſam deferri non poſſunt ſine ope ſenſilium qualitatum quæ <lb></lb>vim habent afficiendi; idcircò appetitui præcedit affectio. </s> <s>quòd ſi formæ rerum intelligendarum eam <lb></lb><expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> ſine <expan abbr="qualitatũ">qualitatum</expan> ſenſilium miniſterio tentare poſſent; cognitio profectò, & appetitus cum quiete <lb></lb>admirabili obirentur. </s> <s>Nunc igitur cogitandum nob. </s> <s>eſt vniuerſum corpus cœleſte <expan abbr="cõſimilem">conſimilem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="na-turã">na<lb></lb>turam</expan> <expan abbr="diuinã">diuinam</expan>, quæ vim habeat apprehendendi primùm mouens, & <expan abbr="appetẽdi">appetendi</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ex eiuſmodi appetitu <lb></lb>ſe in orbem voluendi per habilitatem quam habet ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> ſeparatam à materia, quoniam verò tale <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ genus apprehendit quod caret <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſenſili qualitate; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>nulla <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> affici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> à ſpecie, <lb></lb>ſicut anteà docuimus; pro eo, quòd in nobis primùm viuens afficitur in ſpeciei conceptæ virtute, & per <lb></lb>ſyſtolen, & diaſtolen, ac ſecundo quaſi inſtanti mouet reliquum corpus; cęlum à dextris <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> <lb></lb>titillatur, & quaſi geſtiens agitur, ſed propter partium <expan abbr="connexionẽ">connexionem</expan>, figurę ſphericę beneficio in qua ſum<lb></lb>mus conſenſus, & admirabilis earum conſpiratio ſpectatur; vniuerſum chorum ducit. </s> <s>Multa verò ſunt <lb></lb>quæ nos perſuadent, vt ita decernamus. </s> <s>Nam demonſtratum eſt <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan> eſſe actu ſubſtantiam. </s> <s>Deinde <lb></lb>quia teſtatur Ariſt. </s> <s>id quod mouetur, & intelligere & amare, nec vlla fit ab eo mentio, quòd ope men<lb></lb>tis adiunctæ intelligendi munere fungatur, præterquam quòd mox audiemus, ſi ita dicamus; conſen<lb></lb>taneum non eſſe cùm eius philoſophi dictis. </s> <s>Sed ſic conſentient, ea ſecum magis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vis afleretur ver<lb></lb>bis Ariſtotelis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt etiam <expan abbr="mirã">miram</expan> <expan abbr="concordiã">concordiam</expan> <expan abbr="ſcriptorũ">ſcriptorum</expan> nonmodò veterum, & qui Ariſt. </s> <s>anteceſſerunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5392"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed etiam Gręcorum, nec <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> ſolùm qui Ariſt. </s> <s>veſtigia ſecuti ſunt, obſeruare poſsis, verùm & eorum <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> qui Platonem ſectantur, & ætatibus longè ſuperioribus & parum quoque ante hæc tempora; <lb></lb>nunc audi, quæ ſubiiciam; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> afferre conſtitui <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> philoſophorum loca, quibus tibi monſtrem <lb></lb>meum hoc <expan abbr="commentũ">commentum</expan> in <expan abbr="ſapientiſsimorũ">ſapientiſsimorum</expan> vitorum mentem aliquando veniſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> in re dubia cer<lb></lb>tum eſt obtemperare præcepto Ariſtotelis <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui difficultatum ponderi <expan abbr="ſuſtinẽdo">ſuſtinendo</expan> ſocios quærere iubet. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5393"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ac primùm quidem vbi docet Ariſtoteles, quæ'nam ſit animæ noſtræ conſtitutio, teſtatur eam reſpon<lb></lb>dere elemento ſtellarum; hoc verò eſt corpus cœleſte: vnde colligitur illud corpus ea vi præditum eſ<lb></lb>ſe quæ <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſocietate materiæ ſepoſita & repudiata, ſuapte natura formas apprehendat: nam ſi id effice<lb></lb>ret, quod <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> eſſe dicimus, niſi quoquomodo penderet à corpore; multò igitur magis id efficiet cor<lb></lb>pus illud, vnde hoc noſtrum exiſtit, quod <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> propter <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> quod eſt à materia <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> propter <lb></lb>ſeipſum, cùm ſit expers <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> veræ affectionis, & ſolùm capax affectionis metaphoricæ & conuerſionis; <lb></lb>aliud flagitare videatur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> rei concipiendæ, & expetendæ præſentiam. </s> <s>Idem quoque, vt iam ad alios <lb></lb>veniam, ſcripſerat Hyippocrates, qui lib. de carne hęc pronunciauerat, vt folet, diuinitùs; cuius aucto<lb></lb>ritatem non dubito, quin ſecutus ſit Ariſtoteles. <foreign lang="grc">Δοκεί δέ μοι ὁ καλέομεν θερμὸν, αθάνατόν τε εἶναι <lb></lb>καὶ νοεῖν πάντα, καὶ ορῇν καὶ ἀκούειν καὶ εἰδέναι πάντα καὶ τα ὄντα καὶ τὰ μέλλονταἔσεσθαι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τοῦτο οὗν <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5394"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>πλεῖστον ὁτε ἐταρὰχθη τὰ πὰντα ἐξεχώρισεν εἰς τὴν ἀνωτάτην περιφορὴν καὶ ὀνομεναῖ μοι δοκέουσιν <lb></lb>οἱ παλαιοὶ αἰθέρα</foreign>, & reliqua. </s> <s>“Videtur autem mihi, quod calidum vocamus & immortale eſſe, & in<lb></lb>telligere <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, & videre, & audire, & cognoſcere <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, quæ ſunt, & quæ futura ſunt. </s> <s>huius igitur maxima <lb></lb>pars: quando <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> conturbata ſunt (lite .ſ. </s> <s>auctore: nam fauet Democrito ſenior) migrauit ad conuer<lb></lb>ſionem <expan abbr="ſuperiorẽ">ſuperiorem</expan>, & æthera nominaſſe mihi videntur antiqui.” Hæc item Alexandri recitantur è 2. lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>de cœlo. <foreign lang="grc">ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐπιχειροῦμεν δεικνυν̂αι τοῦ θείου σώματος οὐκ ἄλλην μὲν τὴν φύσιν ἄλλην δὲ τὴν ψυχὴν <lb></lb>ἀλλώς ἡ βαρύτης τῆς καὶ τοῦ πυρὸς ἡκουότης</foreign>. </s> <s>“Nos verò aggredimur oſtendere diuini corporis <lb></lb>non aliam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; aliam verò animam, ſed veluti grauitas terræ, & leuitas ignis:” mox <foreign lang="grc">Τιού γὰρ ἂν ἄλ<lb></lb>λη παρὰ ταύτην εἴη φύσις ἀυτοῦ; τελειοτέρα γὰρ φύσις ἡ ψ̔υχή. εύλογον δὲ τοῦ τελειοτέρου σώματος τὴν <lb></lb>φύσιν εἷναι τελειοτέραν</foreign>. </s> <s>“Quæ'nam præter hanc ſit ipſius natura? </s> <s>perfectior <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura anima. </s> <s>proba<lb></lb>bile <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> & perfectioris corporis natura eſſe perfectiorem.” Quæ quanquam <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> teſtatur Simplicius <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5395"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex eadem officina fuiſſe deprompta è qua <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> illa quæ de <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> profeſſus eſt ille philoſophus, & <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> opina<lb></lb>tus eſt ab eo philoſopho exiſtimari eodem eſſe modo <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> corporis organici, quo natura eſt actus cor<lb></lb>poris naturalis; mihi tamen in <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> <expan abbr="altioremq́">altioremque</expan>. </s> <s>ſenſum accipienda videtur ea ſententia nimirùm quòd <lb></lb>ſicut in <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan>, illo auctore, mens eſt habilitas <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>, non vt forma, ſed quæ ſignificet <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> quidem; <lb></lb>verùm cùm ipſa <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> ad obiecta, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> lęuor in abaco: proptereà non efficitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5396"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quid <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ex anima & corpore, ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſubſtantia cęleſtis eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſita">compoſita</expan> ex materia & habilitate, <lb></lb>tanquam forma: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ipſamet ſubſtantia per ſe eſt: habilitas verò adiungit habitudinem tantùm, <lb></lb>non <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> quandam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſicuti nec habilitas illa notat <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> in materia prima. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>Alexander <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> animam cœli teſtatur eſſe diffuſam per vniuerſum corpus cœleſſe. </s> <s>Themiſtius item, vt nar<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5397"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rat Auerroës, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> dicebat Solem, & Lunam aut eſſe formas, aut materias actu; quaſi vis formæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſtin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5398"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gueretur à cœlo tanquam à ſubiecto; quid igitur aliud ipſe iudicare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe formam hanc, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ſubie-ctũ">ſubie<lb></lb>ctum</expan> in quo ſit ea facultas? </s> <s>Eadem quoque videtur extitiſſe <expan abbr="antiquiſsimorũ">antiquiſsimorum</expan> Theologorum ſententia, <lb></lb><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui cœlum leue <expan abbr="politumq́">politumque</expan>. </s> <s>autumarunt, & veluti ſpeculum, vt radios ab illis mentibus excipere, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5399"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad nos transfundere perbelle poſſet; <expan abbr="indeq́">indeque</expan>. <foreign lang="grc">οὐρανὸν</foreign> appellatum, quaſi <foreign lang="grc">ἄνω ὁρῶντα</foreign>, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>in cœli ver<lb></lb>tice potiſsime fieri <foreign lang="grc">κύτταραν</foreign> nominauit antiquitas <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>locum eſſe ad hoc officium maximè <expan abbr="accõ-modatum">accon<lb></lb>modatum</expan> vetus perhibet fama; quapropter etiam poëtæ ibidem <expan abbr="opificẽ">opificem</expan> habitare cecinerunt, & ſicuti <lb></lb>ſpeculi lęuor ab eius ſubſtantia non differt, ſed eſt habilitas eius ad <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> viſilium ſpecies accipiendas, <lb></lb>ſolius connotati diſcrimen afferens, ſic habilitas ad accipiendam formam ſeparatam non apportat ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiam aliam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan> ad eſſentiam ſeparatam. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt ante admonui, rem tibi pro<lb></lb>pono, ſicuti mentis eſſentia fuit ab Alexandro explicata. </s> <s>Eandem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſententiam profeſſus eſt D. <lb></lb>Iamblicus, <emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cuius verba cùm ante nos occuparit ſapientiſsimus vir Theophilus Zimarę filius, ex eius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5400"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="946"></pb>ſcriptis excipere facillimè poteris. </s> <s>Potes item addere auctoritatem ſapientiſsimi <expan abbr="ſanctiſsimiq́">ſanctiſsimique</expan>. </s> <s>viri D. <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5401"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Thomæ, qui ita concludebat. </s> <s>Si materia cœli foret actu; eam in mentium genere connumerandam: <lb></lb>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="patibilẽ">patibilem</expan> & <foreign lang="grc">παθητικὸν</foreign> quendam <foreign lang="grc">νοῦν</foreign> eſſe demonſtratum eſt. </s> <s>Etiam Picus <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> profeſſus eſt quòd <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5402"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cęlum eſt animus, & quòd <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> conuenit conuerſio & ex ſeipſo; illi quidem in orbem; animo verò <lb></lb>noſtro ab effectis ad cauſſas, & rurſus à cauſsis ad <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>his dictis ea concordant quæ grauiſ<lb></lb>ſimi viri ſcripſerunt, animas cœlorum moueri per accidens: ex quo efficitur, vt non ſint mentes <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſiue ſubſtantiæ à corporis cœleſtis eſſentia ſeiunctæ, quas item modò <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, aliàs animam haberi non <lb></lb>inconuenit: nam ſi ipſa corpulentia ſpectetur, & quòd <expan abbr="accidẽtium">accidentium</expan>, <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſtratum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſine controuerſia natura cenſebitur: ſi vt actus in ea figura quæ in conſimiles alias diſſolui non poſsit, <lb></lb>& difformitatem <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> præſeferat, anima ponetur. </s> <s>actus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corporis organici, quatenus huiuſmodi; <lb></lb>anima exiſtimatur. </s> <s>Attamen, quæ ſit eadem <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>, & idem actus cum ipſo corpore quod ſanè ſicuti <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb></lb>actu <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> facimus; ſic etiam ponimus <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> totum, velut illud principium quod diximus in <lb></lb><expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan> ſemine contineri, & degenerare in primum mouens, vbi iam ſint organa conſtituta. </s> <s>Huc ac<lb></lb>cedit quòd in eo corpore vis eſt accipiendi formas ſine materia; proinde facultas illa <foreign lang="grc">νοητική</foreign>, vnde <lb></lb><expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> in ea ſubſtantia poſita eſt, cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nomen naturæ datum eſſe alia de cauſſa cenſendum eſt, quia .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>principium ſit, & origo motus; id quod naturæ præcipuum eſt ſignificatum. </s> <s>Quapropter in ipſo cęlo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5403"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duplex eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> patiendi, <expan abbr="duplexq́">duplexque</expan>. </s> <s>facultas, & duplex appetitus, <expan abbr="neutiquã">neutiquam</expan> ſubiecto <expan abbr="diſcrepãtia">diſcrepantia</expan>, quatenus <lb></lb>intelligit, & quatenus agitur, & vis animalis, ac naturalis; necnon appetitus, vt voluntas, & ille quem <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> vocamus; ſic tamen, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vis efficiens animæ tribui poſsit, cùm in eo corpore ſit inſuper or<lb></lb>do partium propter <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan>, vnde ab vna motus <expan abbr="cõmunicetur">communicetur</expan> aliis ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>. </s> <s>quocirca adeſt aliud <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> principium, efficiens .ſ. </s> <s>quod ab eſſentia concepta <expan abbr="agitatũ">agitatum</expan>, vt à fine, moueat vniuerſum <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan>: ex quo <lb></lb>efficitur, vt habeat quoque <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> intra ſe, quemadmodum animal, quod ſit cauſſa motus ſibi ipſi, <lb></lb>quæ cùm conueniant ſimul cum actu ſubſtantia, quæ cęli ipſius eſt natura: dicemus <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ibi eſſe motum <lb></lb>naturalem ſimpliciter, quòd nulla ſit cœli pars quæ non eo propendeat, quò concitatur, ſed non natu<lb></lb>ralem, qua ſola natura non poſsit eum præſtare; verùm pendeat ab anima: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> natura ipſa pręſtat <lb></lb>ſolùm patiendi rationem, quod ibi vim gerit efficientis, animæ referri oportet acceptum, quia naſcitur <lb></lb>hoc totum ex varietate partium quarum actus non natura, ſed anima ponitur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5388"></margin.target>b 2. de Ge. <lb></lb>an. c. 3.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5389"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5390"></margin.target>c 5. de Ciu.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5391"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5392"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5393"></margin.target>a 13. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5394"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5395"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5396"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5397"></margin.target>c 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 5. 20. <lb></lb>29. 34.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5398"></margin.target>d 7. Met. <lb></lb>T c. 12.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5399"></margin.target>e Procl. 3. <lb></lb>in Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5400"></margin.target>f in lib. de <lb></lb>miſteriis.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5401"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5402"></margin.target>a Hepta<lb></lb>plu exp. 4. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5403"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dubitationes aliquæ tolluntur è medio quibus decretum de anima cœli poteſt oppugnari. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVM, quia non parum conducit ad explorandum rectáne definitio ſit, aut ſententia, noſſe; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5404"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>an'ne ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> difficultate ſe expedire valeat: age tentemus id nunc, & illa afferamus, quæ defen<lb></lb>dentibus hoc placitum negocium faceſſere poſſent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ca quidem multa, & magna ſunt, quæ non in<lb></lb>iuria res conturbare debent. </s> <s>Primum quidem, quod vbi adeſt anima; ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt animatum, vbi ani<lb></lb>matum ibi compoſitio; ſiquidem anima ſit actus corporis <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan>, & ex his verò fit compoſitum, quod <lb></lb>eſt animans, in cœlo <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> anima; ergo & animans ipſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> compoſitum. </s> <s>Deinde eôdem reuoluere<lb></lb>mur: nam ſi <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> foret virtus mouens, & multò magis, ſi non ſeparatur eius eſſentia à corpore; eſſet non<lb></lb>modò corporea ſed corpus ipſum: ſic igitur aut per tempus infinitum non moueret, aut moueret in <lb></lb>inſtanti. </s> <s>Tertiò ſi virtus corporea ponatur; erit organica: atquî mens organica non eſt. </s> <s>Tum etiam <lb></lb>quòd tanquam falſam repudiauit Ariſt. </s> <s>noſter Platonis <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> profitentis cœlum ab anima cogente vo<lb></lb>lutari. </s> <s>Poſtremò quod plus apud me valeat, quòd ipſemet Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> à cœlo ſeparauit. </s> <s>& eo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5405"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in Platonem inuectus eſt, quòd <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> à magnitudine non ſecreuiſſet. </s> <s>Quam obrem non modò præce<lb></lb>ptoris noſtri nos vrget auctoritas, ſed <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> ab illo conſtructæ diſſoluendæ erunt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> periculum im<lb></lb>minebit, ne aut iis ſuccumbamus, aut ſi <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> pondus eleuare contingat; fruſtra contra Platonem labo<lb></lb>rauerit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Eius hę ſunt rationes. </s> <s>Anima quam Plato poſuit, eſt mens, nec magnitudo igitur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Id verò conſequi ſic oſtendimus: quandò ita ſe habeat mens, quemadmodum eius functio, quæ eſt in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5406"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>telligentia, ſed hæc potius imitatur numerum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>. </s> <s>ergo & mens continua non eſt: quam<lb></lb>obrem <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> magnitudo. </s> <s>Sic etiam contra <expan abbr="poſitionẽ">poſitionem</expan> noſtram valebit illud, quòd intelligentia, & con<lb></lb>uerſio diuerſæ non erunt, aut igitur vniuerſus circulus intelligendi munere fungetur, aut eius pars, ſeu <lb></lb>potius punctum. </s> <s>ac ſi totum intelligere oportet; cùm perpetua conuerſio ſit, & infinities eadem ſigna <lb></lb>peragret; intelligentia, <expan abbr="functioq́">functioque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſius finem non aſſequetur. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> autem effectio, ſiue actio <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <expan abbr="quen-dã">quen<lb></lb>dam</expan> habeat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà ſiue totus circulus intelligat ſeu pars, ſeu punctum: mens & ea, quę ca<lb></lb>dunt in mentem, non erunt congruentia; ſiquidem cùm id quod in <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> cadit; partibile, aut impar<lb></lb>tibile eſſe oporteat; certè partibile indiuidua non intelligit, nec indiuiduum ea quæ parteis habent. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quin etiam intelligentia potius quies eſt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus: quapropter motus eius ingenio repugnaret, & eſ<lb></lb>ſet præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: proinde non facilè foret moueri, ſed laborioſum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> beatum. </s> <s>Lateret etiam cauſ<lb></lb>ſa conuerſionis; quippe quòd anima non ſic <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>, ſecundùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſed ſecundùm accidens; neque <lb></lb>hoc corporis ipſius proprium ſit, vt animæ afferat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quia principium motus eſt anima potius, quàm <lb></lb>corpus. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſi reapſe idem eſt corpus cœleſte cum anima, aut animato primo, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>diuiditur in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe mouentem, & in partem per ſe motam: ergo hæc duo conſequantur oportet <lb></lb>primùm, vt corpus naturale diuidatur in <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem: alterum vt cœlum ſit primùm per ſe mobi<lb></lb>le, cùm ex efficiente & mobili conſtet: cur igitur quærere oportuit aliquod primum mouens 8. Phyſ. <pb pagenum="947"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5407"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm in eo ſint principia ſufficientia motus, efficiens .ſ. </s> <s>& ſubiectum. </s> <s>Qua ratione igitur aut cœlum ani<lb></lb>mans, aut anima ipſa ponenda eſt? </s> <s>An, vt ad primùm veniam, ſic nobis planè dicendum foret, ſi anima <lb></lb>cœli vniuocè cum hac noſtra diceretur; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & eſſet actus, eſſentia differens ab eo cuius eſt, & tum cę<lb></lb>lum verè <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> haberetur: nunc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> anima cœli reapſe non diſtinguitur à cœlo, & de illa actus <lb></lb>analogicè prædicatur: hoc eſt, vt in eo corpore propter <expan abbr="figurã">figuram</expan> excogitari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vnde principium motus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Veruntamen ſi velis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in eo corpore <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> compoſitionis, & analogię conſeruare; licet dicere ſicuti <lb></lb>cęlum, cùm ſit vnica ſubſtantia, dicitur hoc cœlum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> itidem cœlum ſimpliciter, quia nunc cùm ſen<lb></lb>ſili <expan abbr="quapiã">quapiam</expan> conditione ſpectatur, aliàs ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſeuocatur auxilio mentis, & duplex in eo corpore <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> per<lb></lb>ſpicitur; ſic compoſitum conſtituitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò neceſſe eſt quòd expectes <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> ex vera ma<lb></lb>teria, & forma, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> in animali vniuoco; verùm ſat eſt, ſi principia motus in eo ſe habeant, vt <lb></lb>organico, & antecedente appetitu animali. </s> <s>Potes etiam <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan> in eo ſpectare, quia <expan abbr="mẽs">mens</expan> <lb></lb>habilitatem à corpore ſubiecto ſeiungit, & ex <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> efficit <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> quandam; reuera tamen par<lb></lb>tes non <expan abbr="ſeparant̃">ſeparantur</expan>, ſicuti olim docuimus, cùm de materiæ facultate diſceptaremus. </s> <s>Quantum pertinet <lb></lb>ad ſecundum <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ea <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> valet ſolùm in ea quę per ſeipſa, primò mouent, <lb></lb>nec in mouendo mouentur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oſtendemus, & <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> mouentia quæ aliorum virtute confirmata <lb></lb>mouent, in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> mouere queant: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non pertinet ad id <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan> genus quod dicitur. </s> <s>Si corpora <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5408"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſint ea non motura in infinitum; niſi infinita ſint, aut ſi infinita, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> in non tempore futurum. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>item foret organica; negamus id, & quod Alexander olim de humana mente profeſſus eſt, ad <expan abbr="cœleſtẽ">cœleſtem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> transferre iubeo: fingebat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe virtutem in corpore, & vt defenderet <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> corpo<lb></lb>ris organici, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparatam, <expan abbr="organicã">organicam</expan> ſtatuebat, quia non poſſet, officia ſua præſtare, niſi per qua<lb></lb>litates ſenſiles, & præcedente corporis affectione, veruntamen quæ non redundaret in mentem; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>enim vnà cùm corpore afficiebatur, vt ſenſus: itaque cùm præcederet affectio quædam, ſed ad ipſum <lb></lb>proximè non pertineret; ea <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> virtus organica non erat, ſed ſeparata. </s> <s>Sume tu nunc animam cęli, <lb></lb>cùm ſine perturbatione corporis <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> ſuum faciat, fore planè non organicam, nec aliter organicam, <lb></lb>niſi quòd eſt cauſſa motus in corpore cœleſti, quod ſi non <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> ſubſtantiæ, <expan abbr="ſaltẽ">ſaltem</expan> figuræ beneficio nihi<lb></lb>lominus eſt organicum. </s> <s>eiuſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> figuræ meritò anima hæc reſidet in prima illa parte quam de<lb></lb>xteram cœli dicimus, & inde <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> ſuam <expan abbr="cõmunicat">communicat</expan> iis partibus quæ ex ipſa ſunt aptæ, ſicut anima <lb></lb>ex corde in quo <expan abbr="ſedẽ">ſedem</expan> collocauit, <expan abbr="animalẽ">animalem</expan> vim reliquis partibus impertit: ideò forma totius potius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> dici <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per omnes æquè extenditur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id negauit vnquàm Ariſt. </s> <s>cœlum eſſe <expan abbr="ani-matũ">ani<lb></lb>matum</expan>, & ita moueri, ſed id pernegauit ipſum ab anima cogente volui, & ab eiuſmodi principio quod <lb></lb>vim afferret: idcirco fallacia latet in argumento à coniunctis ad diuiſa. </s> <s>Ad ea verò quæ 1. de Anima. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5409"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcripta ſunt, ita dicamus Ariſt. </s> <s>eo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> confutare Platonem (ſiue illa fuerit <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> Platonis, ſeu libeat ad<lb></lb>mirando pręceptori nos admonere, ne ſic rem ſe habere credamus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſonant verba Plato<lb></lb>nis, incertum eſt) & illud perſpicuè reprehendiſſe, quae mens, hoc eſt, facultas accipiendi ſit magnitudo: <lb></lb><expan abbr="eiuſq.">eiuſque</expan> munus ſit conuerſio quod eſt opus corporis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> magnitudo <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> faciat munus: vt ſiquis <lb></lb><expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> ſpeculi ab eius lęuore <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſtinguit, & cùm per lęuorem <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> totam accipiat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> præ<lb></lb>ſentent, & ita totam, vt ex quolibet ipſius puncto referre queat, quod eſt <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan>, id effici non à ſpeculo, <lb></lb>quatenus corpus, ſed ab eius virtute; dicat ſpeculi <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> hoc ipſum præſtare, quod tamen non <lb></lb>facit, quia ſi diuideretur, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> efficeret, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> anteà, cùm totum permaneret; proinde vbi perfectius <expan abbr="ſpe-culũ">ſpe<lb></lb>culum</expan> fuerit, ex <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> parte <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> refert, quia virtus eius pendet minus ex materia, ſi minus perfectum, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> facit, pars ipſa nequit, ſed <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> totam præſentat <expan abbr="imaginẽ">imaginem</expan>, pars verò partem. </s> <s>Cogitemus er<lb></lb>go nos in præſentia <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan> eſſe ſpeculum longè perfectius, <expan abbr="beatarumq́">beatarumque</expan>. </s> <s>mentium radios accipere, ac pro<lb></lb>ſpecie viſui eſſentias intelligendas, id vniuerſum ſanè, non qua corpus eſt, ſed qua facultatem habet ac<lb></lb>cipiendi tale lumen efficit; cùm verò ſit magnitudo, fungetur aliquo munere quod non pendeat ex <lb></lb>magnitudine. </s> <s>Verùm munus quod cœlo demandabat Plato, prorſus ex magnitudine pendebat, <expan abbr="pro-priumq́">pro<lb></lb>priumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuum ipſius erat. </s> <s>Hoc placitum ea conſequuntur quæ Ariſt. </s> <s>obiecit. </s> <s>Nam mens continua <lb></lb>non eſt, cùm concipiat terminos qui ſunt indiuidui, ſed motus è genere <expan abbr="continuorũ">continuorum</expan> eſt, in quo aut actu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5410"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>termini non ſunt, aut ſi actu adſunt, motus neceſſe eſt finiatur. </s> <s>Atque ita valebit alterum illud, quòd <lb></lb>finis intelligendo non erit, ſicut <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in <expan abbr="mouẽdo">mouendo</expan>. </s> <s>vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in motu ſemper eſt aliquid quod fiat, & aliquid <lb></lb>factum, ſic in intelligendi munus eueniet: atqui mens <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> illud immobiliter reſpicit, vt ſi ego con<lb></lb>uertar ad aſtrum, & ipſum fortibus oculis <expan abbr="ſpectẽ">ſpectem</expan>, vna erit planè functio, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſemper finita, quod <lb></lb>ſimul video, & vidi; nec eſt aliquid quod <expan abbr="videã">videam</expan>, & aliud quod viſurus ſim. </s> <s>Ac ſi corporis officium fue<lb></lb>rit intelligere; ſequetur, vt aliquando inter intelligens & intelligendum proportio non extet: quandò <lb></lb>indiuiduum à magnitudine accipi nequeat, aut ab indiuiduo magnitudo; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> indiuiduum eſt quod <lb></lb>ſub <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> cadit, & accipitur indiuiduè, ſicut imago in ſpeculo, & lumen in pellucido. </s> <s>Et cum ita <lb></lb>accipiet, ſic intelligentia quies erit potius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus; ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> erit in termino & <foreign lang="grc">ἐν τῷ κενεσθαι</foreign>, ideſt, <lb></lb>vt iſti dicunt, in facto eſſe <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργεια</foreign>, non vt motus, quia verò non intelligit, quatenus corpus, <lb></lb>quatenus verò corpus mouetur; ſic moueri præter naturam foret intelligenti, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corpori: nunc <lb></lb>cùm moueatur corpus; intelligat verò per aliam <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> incorpoream; intelligit, & mouetur ſecun<lb></lb>dùm <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſine labore, in <expan abbr="ſummaq́">ſummaque</expan>. </s> <s>beatitudine perpetuò verſatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> item afferri cauſſa motus cœ<lb></lb>leſtis quæ à Platone non potuit afferri: quippe quòd ſi ipſa anima erat magnitudo; quatenus anima <lb></lb>per ſe mouebatur: ergo & magnitudo quæ ipſo auctore, anima fuerat, per ſe item mouebatur, quid <lb></lb>igitur aliud erat, quod prius ſe moueret? </s> <s>nihil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan>, ſed apud nos corpus ipſum mouetur per ſe à fine <pb pagenum="948"></pb>qui ſeparatus eſt, per <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> facultatem intelligendi & <expan abbr="appetẽdi">appetendi</expan> quam ſtatuimus <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>; ea verò metapho<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5411"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ricè tantùm mouetur, quia verò totius forma eſt; totum verò manet immobile, motu verò per ſe, & per <lb></lb>accidens manet immobilis: mouetur corpus illud quod conuertitur. </s> <s>Ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> etiam tollitur vltima <lb></lb>dubitatio, ſiquidem motus hic non ſit naturalis ſimpliciter: non ſanè quòd habeat in ſeipſo quippiam <lb></lb>quod oppugnet <expan abbr="natuiã">naturam</expan>, ſed quòd non ſolùm ex natura moueatur, verùm cum ipſa natura anima con<lb></lb>currat, quæ tamen non niſi habilitate diſtinguatur à natura, & ita vt <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan>, diuidetur in partem per <lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan>, & partem <expan abbr="mobilẽ">mobilem</expan>, non vt naturale: neque idcirco habebit in ſeipſo cœlum principia quæ <lb></lb>ſint idonea facere motum, cùm habeat efficiens, quòd efficiens alterius gratia facit, neque eſt primùm <lb></lb>mouens ſimpliciter; proinde inutilis non erit ſpeculatio de primo motore quæ traditur 8. Phyſ. cùm <lb></lb>efficiens <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit ſatis, & adhuc prius mouens <expan abbr="quærendũ">quærendum</expan> ſit: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ex ea <expan abbr="demõſtratione">demonſtratione</expan> colligitur quod <lb></lb>mouet vt finis, ſed de hoc ipſo mox, cùm reſpondebitur ad Auerroëm. </s> <s>Nam reliquum eſt nunc, vt <lb></lb>luſtremus eius, <expan abbr="aliorumq́">aliorumque</expan>. </s> <s>rationes. </s> <s>In primis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cùm ipſe opponit <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> dari cœlo, vt per ſe moueat; <lb></lb>hoc non niſi aliqua graui conditione dandum eſt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id <expan abbr="oĩo">omnino</expan> inficiandum; ſi ab ipſa motum profi<lb></lb>ciſci dicat, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à motore primo. </s> <s>Sed ita ſolùm, quia per ipſam cœlum moueatur, & quod ipſa ab alia <lb></lb>virtute agitata moueat, vt ante maiore diligentia declaratum eſt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non mens illa eſt quæ per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>reperta fuit 8. Phyſ. & iterum 12. Met. Nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> de illa, niſi ex hypotheſi acceptum puto in metho<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5412"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>do naturali, nec proximè ex motu colligi, ſed <expan abbr="poſtq̈">poſtquam</expan> reperta fuerit ea mens quæ primò mouet, quod in <lb></lb>Phyſicis abundè per actum puto, & <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> ſignificata 12. primæ philoſophiæ in ea methodo quæ <expan abbr="ſequit̃">ſequitur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> vbi explicatum ſit, vt <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> illud mouens efficiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt <expan abbr="conceptũ">conceptum</expan> & <expan abbr="amatũ">amatum</expan>; exinde <lb></lb>colligi arbitror id quod mouetur, <expan abbr="cõcipere">concipere</expan> & amare, & per <expan abbr="conſecutionẽ">conſecutionem</expan> animatum eſſe, cùm illa duo <lb></lb>ſint animæ ipſius officia. </s> <s>Et tum regrediendo à motore primo ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> patefiunt alia principia mo<lb></lb>tus: <expan abbr="ibiq́">ibique</expan>. </s> <s>regreſſus abſoluitur <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> philoſophus naturalis ignorans, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> id quod eſt immo<lb></lb>bile moueat, abſoluere non potuit. </s> <s>extulit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſeſe, quantum licuit, & quanuis id <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> præſtitiſſet, quod <lb></lb>ab illo fuerat <expan abbr="expectandũ">expectandum</expan>; rei ſublimitas ſocium tanti muneris eſſe voluit: ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouet per eſſentiam <lb></lb>ſuam, quæ cùm ſit à materia ſeiuncta; in philoſophi naturalis intelligentiam cadere non valebat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quamobrem id quod per ſe mouet, mens eſt <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quæ in iis methodis ex motu collecta eſt, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <lb></lb>anima; licèt & ipſa ex motu colligatur, ſed quia non proximè, vt <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt, nulla eſt argumenti illius ef<lb></lb>ficacitatis. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> via tollitur ſecundum: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſa eſt primum illud mouens perpetuum, <lb></lb>& à materia ſeparatum, quod proximè ex motu <expan abbr="collectũ">collectum</expan> eſt, nec eſt immobile ſimpliciter, ſed alterius <lb></lb>ordinis, appetens .ſ. </s> <s>& mobile, vt phantaſia & appetitus, aut potius <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> per quam cœlum mouetur intel<lb></lb>ligens, & appetens. </s> <s>Ob id duo mouentia non ſunt, nec peruertunt <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> illum mouentium <expan abbr="ſubſtan-tiarũ">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiarum</expan> qui ab Ariſt. </s> <s>poſitus eſt 12. primæ philoſophiæ: de primis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouentibus verba faciens ibi Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5413"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ea cum orbibus numerat, & planè <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> hæc numerandi à <expan abbr="pleriſq.">pleriſque</expan> phyſicis; addo etiam Platonicis appro<lb></lb>bata. </s> <s>vt falsò Ariſt. </s> <s>adſcriptum putem <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſſe quod primo voluat <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> cœlum; ſingulis autem orbibus <lb></lb>ſingulas animas aſsignari quæ moueant, ſed ſingulis ſingula principia mouentia, quæ moueant, vt <expan abbr="con-ceptũ">con<lb></lb>ceptum</expan> & amatum, & ſingulas <expan abbr="aĩas">animas</expan>, quæ cùm ſubſtantiæ per ſe mouentes non ſint, cum orbibus ab Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>numeratæ fuerint. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſatis valere videntur ea quæ à Simplicio generatim obiecta ſunt. </s> <s>ad id, quòd <lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> foret natura. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vbi accipit <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> eſſe quid natura perfectius; ideò non poſſe eandem <expan abbr="ani-mã">ani<lb></lb>mam</expan> ſimul eſſe & naturam; ne idem ſit ſeipſo perfectius. </s> <s>At ipſe certè decipitur; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> abſurdum eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ad diuerſa varios perfectionis gradus obtinere, velut animal, quod eſt embryi forma; idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> eſt materia, & quod multò magis eſt; eadem forma quæ vnà efficiens & finis eſt, ſi diuerſa reſpi<lb></lb>cias, non tamen ſequitur, vt ſeipſa ſit imperfectior; aut ſi hæc ſecum collata ſeipſis imperfectiora ſunt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> non erit, idem propter varias <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> eſſe ſeipſo imperfectius: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> fallacia ſequitur in argumen<lb></lb>to à ſecundùm quid ad ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Neque ab Ariſt. </s> <s>doctrina abhorret, <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> tribus modis eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, <lb></lb>& inter cęteros, veluti formam. </s> <s>ac ſi ita eſt; non'ne erit & ipſa natura? </s> <s>certè. </s> <s><expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> igitur <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> & na<lb></lb>turam eſſe non eſt abſurdum. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> alia ſit animæ & naturæ definitio; non ita ſecum <expan abbr="pugnãt">pugnant</expan>, <lb></lb>quin in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto exiſtant. </s> <s>Quocirca vbi dicitur quorum definitiones eædem non ſunt, illa ſecum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5414"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differre. </s> <s>ita accipiendum eſt; ea non eſſe ſolùm <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan> <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>, ſed alio <expan abbr="quopiã">quopiam</expan> modo conuenire nil vetat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex quo item ſoluimus id quod ſequebatur, <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> animam, quia foret actus corporis organici, non eſſe <lb></lb>naturam: quandò nil obſtat, vt actus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> corporis organici ſit forma & natura. </s> <s>Quod autem ad ex<lb></lb>tremum addebatur, <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> eſſe ſemper cum materia, damus hoc libentiſsimè; etenim aut eſt forma, <lb></lb>aut materia quę vel eſt poteſtas <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> reſpiciens, vel <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> duntaxat. </s> <s>quam item in infinitum moueri, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ab alio <expan abbr="motã">motam</expan> in infinitum mouere; non eſt <expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan>. </s> <s>abſonum verò foret, ſi primùm per ſe mouens eſ<lb></lb>ſet, nec ab alio moueretur in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> mouere, aut in non tempore ſaltem, ſi virtus corporea poneretur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et eæ <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan>, quibus idem eſſe probatur <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> cœli, & formam <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> intelligentiam, facilè diluuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim primùm conſtat non verè aſſumptum fuiſſe <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> intelligentem in cœlo <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="intel-ligentiã">intel<lb></lb>ligentiam</expan> quæ ſit ſubſtantia per ſeipſam. </s> <s>Pręterea, quod attinet ad ſecundum, illud in coniuncto argu<lb></lb>menti diuiſiui omiſſum, quòd cœlum ſit actu ſubſtantia per ſeipſum; quod cùm ſit, nullius indiget for<lb></lb>mæ, vt exiſtat. </s> <s>Et illud falsò acceptum, quòd intelligentia ſit principium internum motus ipſi cœlo. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eſto, vt ita ſit, quantum ſpectat ad motum & officium: tamen non id ſufficit ad <expan abbr="cõſtituendum">conſtituendum</expan> <lb></lb>illud principium quod dicitur verè natura; proptereà quòd <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> debeat eſſe pars eſſentiæ, vt per illud <lb></lb>exiſtat habens <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quod ſanè denegamus intelligentiæ; cùm fiat ex ipſa & orbe vnum per ſe mo<lb></lb>bile ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vnum per ſe ens: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cœlum per ſe ipſum in actu ſine auxilio formę <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan>. <pb pagenum="949"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5415"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Cùm igitur cœlum ſit ſubſtantia per ſe, cùm item ſit ens abſolutum intelligentia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> pendeat ex cor<lb></lb>pore, quod pertinet ad id quòd fit; liquidò apparet ex mente & orbe, non fieri vnum per ſe, ſed vnum <lb></lb>per ſe mobile duntaxat, & hæc fuit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> maximi interpretis Auerrois; ita vt mihi non ſatis mi<lb></lb>rari liceat, <expan abbr="quãtum">quantum</expan> ij decepti ſint qui illius <expan abbr="auctoritatẽ">auctoritatem</expan> ſequi profiteantur in eo, quòd ex mente & orbe <lb></lb>fiat vnum per ſe magis, quàm ex materia & forma; cùm eius hæc verba ſint: “adunatum ex intelligentia <lb></lb>& orbe vnum eſſe, ſed ſecundùm diſpoſitionem magis <expan abbr="diminutã">diminutam</expan> quàm ſit adunatio recipientis, & rece<lb></lb>pti in forma non abſtracta, vel ex <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> ex materia & forma, & cauſſa iſtius adunationis inter iſtam <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> & ſuam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſt, quia non cohęret ſuæ materiæ mediantibus dimenſionibus, ſicut formę ge<lb></lb>nerabiles & corruptibiles; quapropter natura hæc caret potentia.” Nanque ex his planè liquet, quòd <lb></lb>minor ſit coniunctio mentis & orbis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliquorum; & cauſſa euidens eſt: quippe quòd vbi coniunctio <lb></lb>futura ſit, ibi oporteat eſſe <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> poteſtatis & actus: atqui <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> actu ſunt. </s> <s>mens noſtra eſt in poten<lb></lb>tia, & materia noſtràs, <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>magis materia quàm mens, quòd ibi fit potentia tantùm ad formas in<lb></lb>telligendas interuentu notionum, quæ <foreign lang="grc">ἐπικτήτος</foreign>, ideſt acceſſoriè, licèt indiuiduè ſunt in anima, ſed <lb></lb>materia ſuſcipit ex toto <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & per omneis parteis ſuarum dimenſionum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> extra cœlum ponun<lb></lb>tur mentes ille beatiſsimę, ac ſi in cœlo eſſe dicantur; habetur officij <expan abbr="virtutiſq́">virtutiſque</expan>. </s> <s>ratio, non autem quòd <lb></lb>ſint aliqua pars illius diuiniſsimi corporis. </s> <s>Illud porrò vanum, quòd omnis motus ab alio ſit violens.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5416"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5404"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5405"></margin.target>b 1. de An. <lb></lb>T. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5406"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5407"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5408"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5409"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5410"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5411"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5412"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5413"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5414"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5415"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5416"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur quod' nam genus animæ ſit quod cœlo aſſignatur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SEQVITVR vt explicemus nunc, quod' nam genus animæ ſit quod cœlo tribuimus: de quo ſa<lb></lb>nè multa à Platonicis diſputata fuiſſe comperimus. </s> <s>Nam cùm tres animæ partes, ſeu facultates <lb></lb>exiſtant; alens, ſentiens, & intelligens: è quónam ordine faciemus hanc cęleſtem? </s> <s>video à quibuſdam <lb></lb>cœlo nutrientem facultatem attributam, ſed de his anteà ſatis. </s> <s>De ſentiente Platonici multa. </s> <s>Videtur <lb></lb>autem hæc antiqua Poëtarum extitiſſe ſententia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & illud cecinit diuinus Homerus.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἠελιός θ' ὃς πάντ' ἐφορᾷ καὶ πάντ' ἐπακούει</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>& Theologi præclariſsimè.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Νοῦς δέοι ἀφευδὴς βασι λήιος ἄφθιτος αἰθὴρ,</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ωἷ δὴ πάντα κλύει καὶ φάζεται, οὐδέτις ἐπὶ</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἀυδὰ οὔτ' ἐνοπὴ, οὐδ' αὗ κτόπος, οὐδέμεν ὁσσα</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἠλύθει δὸς οὗας</foreign>. </s> <s>& reliqua, etiam coętanei noſtri eo <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> inſaniæ prouecti ſunt, <lb></lb>vt crediderint animam ſentientem ita largiri <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> cœlo, quemadmodum noſtra conſtituit animal. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5417"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Mouit ad id <expan abbr="opinandũ">opinandum</expan> noſtros philoſophos ea <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> multa ſingularia quotidie fiunt in cęlis quæ <lb></lb>cùm animalia noſtratia fugiant, niſi vis cognoſcens ibi adeſſet, fruſtra cognoſci poſſent. </s> <s>Deinde quia <lb></lb>prouidentia requirit <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan> rerum gerendarum. </s> <s>hę verò ſunt ſingulares & ſenſiles: at ſenſus non <lb></lb>pertinet ad illud ſubſtantiæ genus quod <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> eſſe ponimus; neceſſe eſt igitur, vt in cœlo ipſo ſit ea fa<lb></lb>cultas quæ ſingularia cognoſcat; hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſentiens appellatur: ſingulare <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, nullam aliam <lb></lb><expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> pulſat, quàm ſentientem: nam mentes illas beatiſsimas eo cognitionis genere vacare <expan abbr="cõmu-nis">commu<lb></lb>nis</expan> eſt opinio philoſophantium, ne vileſcant, ſiquid humilius contemplentur. </s> <s>Deinde nomen animalis <lb></lb>ſaltem analogicè conuenit cœlo, ſed animal eſt per ſenſum: ergo & cœlum. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex eo conſequitur, <lb></lb>quia niſi per <expan abbr="ſentientẽ">ſentientem</expan> animal eſſet; <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> analogicè animal, ſed ambiguè foret. </s> <s>Quartò id in cęteris planè <lb></lb>obſeruatur, vbi poteſtas ſuperior, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectior adeſt; ibi item requiri imperfectiorem. </s> <s>Si igitur in <lb></lb>cœlo mens eſt, & ſenſus igitur, ſed tamen hoc bonum ab ipſis accepimus in cœlo non eſſe oculos, aut <lb></lb>nates, ſed poteſtatem ſentiendi quæ internæ ſimilis ſit cuius <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> beneficio relationes noſcimus, & ſub<lb></lb>ſtantias ſingulares. </s> <s>At certè ex Ariſt. </s> <s>non occurrit locus in quo <expan abbr="cõmemorata">commemorata</expan> ſit, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> indicata talis <lb></lb>facultas in eo corpore: quinimmo hæc ex ipſius dictis colligi videntur, in eo mentem ſolam eſſe, cùm <lb></lb>12. Met. intelligere & appetere ipſi attributum eſt. </s> <s>Neque rationes, quæ contrà opponuntur, vllum ro<lb></lb>bur præſeferunt: nam quod pertinet ad multos motus, aſtrorum auxilio, ſi nunc ignorantur, à nobis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5418"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtante mundi æternitate poſteà <expan abbr="cognoſcẽtur">cognoſcentur</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde cùm ipſi ſingulares ſint, quid abſurdi <expan abbr="conſequet̃">conſequetur</expan>, <lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> fruſtrari dicamus? </s> <s>Quod item petitur ab ingenio prouidentiæ fallax eſt, & cùm aliàs dixe<lb></lb>rimus <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> eſſe rectam <expan abbr="diſpenſationẽ">diſpenſationem</expan> rerum ex præſcripto mentis <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> gubernantis, & ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ſuum diri<lb></lb>gentis ſine vlla cognitione rerum gerandarum; orationis falſitas per ſeipſam perſpicua ſit. </s> <s>In animalis <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nomine dicimus analogiam ſeruari poſſe, præſertim ſi <foreign lang="grc">ζῶον</foreign>, vt Plato volebat, <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> viuens generatim <lb></lb>coprehendat, ſed & animali propriè ſumpto nil prohibet, quominus à vita analogia ducatur, & ab in<lb></lb>terno principio motus, quia non tantùm animal ſenſu conſiſtit, ſed motu. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> opponitur: facul<lb></lb>tati ſuperiori <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> ſupponi: vnde etiam ſtatuebat Ariſt. </s> <s>in cœlo ineſſe reliquas differentias poſitu<lb></lb>ræ, quòd ibi <expan abbr="dextrũ">dextrum</expan> foret & ſiniſtrum, quæ differentiæ pręſtantiores eſſent. </s> <s>Reſpondeo facultati ſupe<lb></lb>riori, <expan abbr="inferiorẽ">inferiorem</expan> ſupponi <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed non in eodem ſubiecto neceſſariò; verùm ſat eſſe, ſi ea in eorum quę <lb></lb>ſunt, ambitu contineantur: ſigno illud eſt; quoniam vis intelligendi ab <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan> ponitur in cœlo, & <lb></lb>aduerſarij vim ſentiendi concedunt; attamen <expan abbr="alentẽ">alentem</expan> negant: ita parum firmamenti, <expan abbr="parumq́">parumque</expan>. </s> <s>virium <lb></lb>falſitas habet, & generatim facultas inferior non requiritur, niſi ſine illa ſuperior exiſtere nequeat, ſed <lb></lb>hîc alens facultas, & cœleſtis natura ſecum certant. </s> <s>Vereor etiam, ne ſentiens ipſa repugnet: quandò <lb></lb>tactus ob <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ipſam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> neceſſariò <expan abbr="deſiderabit̃">deſiderabitur</expan>: at hic pertinet ad tactiles qualitates quæ vim habent <lb></lb>afficiendi, à quibus tamen longè diſtat natura cœleſtis. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quòd ſi experientia <expan abbr="cõſulatur">conſulatur</expan>, <pb pagenum="952"></pb>quæ magiſtra philoſophię naturalis eſt: ſentiens nulla ſine corporis ſocietate ſuo munere fungi poteſt: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5419"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> corporea functio à conditione ſenſilis rei proficiſcitur, quæ <foreign lang="grc">παθητικῶς</foreign> immutat ſubiectum. </s> <s>Vides <lb></lb>enim in mente noſtra <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> ſine corporis interuentu abſolui, vbi formæ ope alterius mentis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="agentẽ">agentem</expan> vocamus, à materiæ proprietatibus ſecretæ ſint. </s> <s>cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reipſa ſint in materia, <foreign lang="grc">παθητικῶς, & ὑλι<lb></lb>κῶς</foreign> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> afficiunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id perneceſſariò: proptereà tot <expan abbr="apprehenſionũ">apprehenſionum</expan> gradus requiruntur, & exter<lb></lb>ni ſenſus primùm, deinde phantaſiæ, poſtremò mentis ipſius quæ primùm confuse cognoſcit, mox fa<lb></lb>cta reſolutione <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> eſſentias attingit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cęleſtis ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſola mentis facultate contentam <lb></lb>eſſe dicemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò mentis officia tria ſunt, apprehenſio <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vel confuſa <lb></lb>& inchoata, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> diſtincta, & abſoluta, <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan>, ac diuiſio, tum <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> ratiocinatio, cùm <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan>, <lb></lb>& diuiſio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ratiocinatio non niſi per <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan> exerceantur: ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> de formis ſenſilibus, & de <lb></lb>iis <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> ſimulachra tanquam in globo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan>, menti offeruntur. </s> <s>ab eo verò corpore facultas <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ſen<lb></lb>tiens amota ſit: illas <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> functiones eiiciemus quæ pendent ab ea facultate. </s> <s><expan abbr="rudẽ">rudem</expan> etiam, & <expan abbr="imperfectã">imperfectam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="apprehenſionẽ">apprehenſionem</expan> ſimplicium repudiabimus; <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> à natura ſenſilium <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> quę ſimul in <lb></lb>officio ſunt, <expan abbr="plureſq́">plureſque</expan>. </s> <s>facultates vnà pellunt, <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> ducat ea cognitio. </s> <s>reliquum eſt igitur, vt in <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> <lb></lb>notitia verſetur, <expan abbr="eaq.">eaque</expan> diſtincta, & perfecta: ita vt quemadmodum formæ pulſant <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> noſtram, vbi <lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſenſilis rei ſimulachro ſegregatæ ſunt; ita cœleſti illi facultati ſeſe offerant, ſed id quod in nobis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5420"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mens actuoſa præſtabat, quæ ſimulachra illuſtrabat, & ſegregabat ab indiuidui conditionibus in cœlo <lb></lb>ea ſubſtantia quæ ſub <expan abbr="intelligentiã">intelligentiam</expan> cadit, ſine vllo talis facultatis interuentu per ſe efficiat: quandò nec <lb></lb>organica facultas illa eſt quam in cœlo collocamus, nec aliis formis inuoluta ſubſtantia illa quæ intel<lb></lb>ligenda eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nec partim nota nob. </s> <s>neque partim ignota, quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item rationi, neque compo<lb></lb>ſitioni ſubiicitur: proinde vna apprehenſio ſimplex, inuariabilis, & æterna. </s> <s>ſic etiam appetitus vnus, <lb></lb>& immutabilis, ac functio, quæ motus eſt, vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>vniformis <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perpetua. </s> <s>Nunc ſeorſum eſſet <lb></lb>docendum, quemadmodum anima hæc ſit initium motus, ſed etiam valeat ad id peragendum noſſe <lb></lb>quo pacto motor primus efficiat motum, caput hoc perſequi mox inſtituimus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5417"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5418"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5419"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5420"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua nam ratione moueat motor primus, & in eam partem diſſeritur, quòd moueat <lb></lb>vt efficiens. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Magni verò momenti eſt in Ariſtotelica methodo ad conuerſionis initia conſtabilienda noſſe <lb></lb>id, vt motor primus auctor <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſit, & vtrum'ne ab ipſo cum motiones, tum <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ea quæ ſunt ex<lb></lb>tra ipſum, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ab efficiente naſcantur, & quemadmodum illa bruta, & <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſpecie carens materię moles <lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> formis accipiendis <expan abbr="facilẽ">facilem</expan> præbet, ſic in illa pulcherrima, & excellentiſsima forma ſupremi con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5421"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſilij cunctæ formæ mortales vi & efficientia rerum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> præpotenti contineantur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ab eius incre<lb></lb>dibili bonitate permanent vniuerſa, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> hoc ampliſsimo cœli ambitu cohibentur, an alius <expan abbr="qui-dã">qui<lb></lb>dam</expan> ſit modus quo natura quæ non ſapit, ad <expan abbr="gignendũ">gignendum</expan> tamen progrediatur <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> & via; <expan abbr="tantoq́">tantoque</expan>. </s> <s>ordine, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tamq́">tamque</expan>. </s> <s>ſingulari artificio hæc admirabilia <expan abbr="præſtantiſsimaq́">præſtantiſsimaque</expan>. </s> <s>opera conficiat, præſertim quòd <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> lis in <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> partem à Gręcis <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> ſtudio tractata eſt, exiſtimante Alexandro Peripateticè defendendum (nul<lb></lb>lo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> alio modo nos hoc loco id perquiri volumus Deum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> creatorem confitentes) primum <expan abbr="mo-torẽ">mo<lb></lb>torem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> finem; <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan> verò efficientem cauſſam. </s> <s>Simplicio contrà ſentiente, & præter aucto<lb></lb>ritates inſignium <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> quas in medio ipſe afferebat, etiam <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>loca <expan abbr="citãte">citante</expan> <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> per<lb></lb>ſuaderet eam fuiſſe præceptoris noſtri ſententiam. </s> <s>Nam legimus apud Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Deum & <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> nihil <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5422"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>efficere fruſtra, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in cœlo tria poni principia, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, formam, & efficiens. </s> <s>At verò cùm præſens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5423"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæſtio multa capita <expan abbr="cõplectatur">complectatur</expan>; conſtituere præſtat quid in ea <expan abbr="potiſsimũ">potiſsimum</expan> quæri velimus. </s> <s>Quæritur <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illud primùm, placuerit'ne Ariſt. </s> <s>Deum; cùm verò Deus cœlum ipſum ab Ariſtotele, & Platone <expan abbr="cõ-corditer">con<lb></lb>corditer</expan> appellatum ſit; nunc accipimus eum, qui verè primus motor eſt, quem .ſ. </s> <s>auxilio motus à Li<lb></lb>cęo repertum fuiſſe credimus, de cœlo non dubitantes, quin efficiens cauſſa ſit, vel proximè, vel remo<lb></lb>tè eorum quę aſsiduè gignuntur, & intereunt, aliiſúe motibus <expan abbr="afficiũtur">afficiuntur</expan>, qui vim habeant <expan abbr="corrũpendi">corrumpendi</expan>, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5424"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>placuerit'ne, inquam, Ariſt. </s> <s>Deum, hoc eſt, primùm mouens eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> eorum quæ ſunt, in genere effi<lb></lb>cientis, an finis ſolùm. </s> <s>Porrò fini, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> efficienti hoc intereſt, quòd ſi cauſſarum ſeriem reſpicias, effi<lb></lb>ciens perpetuò gratia finis operatur, ſi <expan abbr="progreſsionẽ">progreſsionem</expan> aduertas operum ipſorum, efficiens proximè rem <lb></lb>de poteſtate traducit ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>; finis verò non ſine efficiente. </s> <s>Finis mouet metaphoricè, efficiens affert <lb></lb><expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan>, quæ vim habeat <expan abbr="corrũpendi">corrumpendi</expan> vel terminos, vel ſubiectum. </s> <s>Ex efficiente & mobili nunquàm <lb></lb>fit vnum per ſe; ex fine verò, & mobili, ſiue ſubiecto fit vnum, vel per ſimilitudinem, ſicut in iis inter <lb></lb>quæ intercedit <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> exemplaris, & exempli, vel per <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, & intentionem, velut in mente noſtra vel per <lb></lb>eſſentiam, vt de mentibus inferiorib. & cœlo dictum eſt aliquando, vel reipſa & per participationem <lb></lb>ſicut euenit in formas naturaleis, & materiatas. </s> <s>Cùm igitur nemo in dubium reuocet, Deum mouere <lb></lb>abſolutè, vt finem; illud dubitatur præter id, quòd <expan abbr="operet̃">operetur</expan> vt finis; operetur'ne <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quatenus efficiens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cùm verò efficiens quod Græci vocant <foreign lang="grc">ποιητικὸν</foreign>, <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> propriè, <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> accipiatur, <lb></lb>& interdum metaphoricè, ac propriè <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> efficere ſit è poteſtate quali facere actu quale per alteratio<lb></lb>nem: <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> è <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> poteſtate deducere ad actum, ſiue id ſit ſubſtantia, ſeu quantum, ſiue <lb></lb>alia <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> categoria. </s> <s>Et metaphoricè cauſſa efficiens nuncupari valeat, quatenus ab illa effectus <lb></lb><expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> deriuetur: cùm <expan abbr="nõmodò">nommodò</expan> materiæ facere, & <foreign lang="grc">ποιεῖν</foreign> ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tributum eſſe videamus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5425"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vt aëri qui eſt materia ſoni, facere <expan abbr="ſonũ">ſonum</expan>; verùm etiam priuationi, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cum è principiis vnum pati docuit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5426"></arrow.to.target> <pb pagenum="951"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5427"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duo verè agere: hac item appellatione primùm motorem non excludendum putamus. </s> <s>Quamobrem <lb></lb>non id proponimus, ſit ne efficiens ex hoc genere; ab ipſo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> manifeſtè pendent cęlum & vniuerſa natu<lb></lb>ra: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, ſit ne alterans ſolùm, quòd facilè nob. </s> <s>concedetur alterans primùm eſſe cœlum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alte<lb></lb>rans primùm <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ſimpliciter; quandò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> alij motus alterationi præcedant. </s> <s>Verùm id quę<lb></lb>rimus, ſit ne <expan abbr="cõmunius">communius</expan> efficiens quod generatim ab Ariſt. </s> <s>deſcriptum eſt, à quo, & vnde principium <lb></lb>motus, quod .ſ. </s> <s>ex eo quod poteſtate ſit aliquid, promoueat ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> proximè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> poteſtate, <lb></lb>ſed ex ea quæ reponitur in duobus prędicamentis, ſubſtantia & vbi: nam reliqua velut acceſſoria repu<lb></lb>tantur, & <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> conditiones conſequuntur. </s> <s>Quapropter id eſt caput noſtræ diſputationis; efficiat ne <lb></lb>motor primus <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, & illud quidem per ſe. </s> <s>Quia verò ex Deo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pendent alia in <lb></lb>eo, quòd ſunt, & à philoſophis item id quæſitum eſt, vtrum'ne etiam ſic à Deo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficiente cauſſa <lb></lb>pendeant, an vt ex fine, & id à nobis ſedulò tractandum: in primis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proponemus, efficiat'ne Deus ve<lb></lb>rè motum, hoc eſt, Vtrùm præter id, quòd ſit finis, quod dicitur eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> æternorum, in eo ponat effi<lb></lb>cientiam propriè, quod Platonicos ſtatuiſſe <expan abbr="cõperio">comperio</expan>; an'ne ſit eius tantum modò finis. </s> <s>Negauit hoc in <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> ſapientiſsimus Alexander, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtituit, Deum quicquid efficeret, id pręſtare, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> finem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Efficere ipſum putauit Simplicius, & pręter ea quę illo auctore ſuprà recenſuimus, accedunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> <lb></lb>quib. aliqui probare nituntur, Deum efficere <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> cœleſtem quas hîc nos adſcribemus, iis omiſsis quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5428"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Toletus vir celeberrimus (honoris <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> cauſſa nomino) è libris primæ philoſophiæ collegit: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> <lb></lb>nil veter, quominus eadem attributa ſint illius cauſſæ quæ operatur, vt finis. </s> <s>Primùm quidem quòd ibi <lb></lb>verum eſt efficiens, vbi poteſtas eſt ad repugnantia: at eiuſmodi poteſtas eſt in corpore cœleſti, nempè <lb></lb>ad vbi: adeſt igitur ibi verè efficiens, quod ad actu vbi <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan> perducat: hoc verò eſt primùm mouens. <lb></lb></s> <s>Deus item ſumma bonitas eſt; eius verò eſſentia poſita eſt in eo, vt <expan abbr="cõmunicetur">communicetur</expan>, veluti calor ab igni; <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> autem per motum: quare ſicut ignis <expan abbr="cõmunicat">communicat</expan> ſuum calorem, & <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> efficit <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan>, <lb></lb>dum incutit <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> iis quæ valida fieri poſſunt: ita <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Deus efficit bonitatem in rebus natura con<lb></lb>ſtantibus, & vt <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> efficiat, neceſſariò mouet; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> operatur vt efficiens. </s> <s>Prætereà <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ſunt extra <lb></lb>materiam mouent vt finis, & efficiens vnà, ſicut forma balnei, mouet vt finis, & vt efficiens ſeorſum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed primus motor eſt quid à materia ſeparatum: ergo dupliceis agit parteis in <expan abbr="mouẽdo">mouendo</expan>, finis .ſ. </s> <s>& effi<lb></lb>cientis. </s> <s>Inſuper finis neceſſariò ſignificat agens. </s> <s>Sed huius motus finis quidam eſt, & efficiens igitur: <lb></lb>hoc verò nil aliud eſſe poteſt, niſi Deus. </s> <s>Rurſus id nobis <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> cauſſæ definitio monſtrat: nam finis <lb></lb>eſt cuius gratia mouetur aliquid: efficiens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, à quo mouetur. </s> <s>Cęterùm conuerſio cęli non ipſius Dei <lb></lb>gratia ſolùm fit, ſed à Deo quoque. </s> <s>Non igitur mouet Deus, vt finis ſolùm, ſed vt efficiens. </s> <s>Erant <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>hæc Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſius verba.<emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end>“ Quoniam autem quod 8. Phyſ. mouetur neceſſe eſt ab aliquo moueri, & pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5429"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5430"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mùm mouens immobile eſſe per ſe, & <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> motum ab æterno moueri neceſſe eſt, & vnum ab vno.” <lb></lb>Ab ipſo igitur moueri cœlum dicit Ariſt. </s> <s>quod eſt primum mouens & Deus. </s> <s>Amplius cùm accepiſſet <lb></lb>Philoſophus eſſe nonnulla mouentia quę mouentur à ſeipſis, quædam verò quæ <expan abbr="mouẽt">mouent</expan> alia deinceps; <lb></lb>oſtendit ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> eorum eſſe perueniendum, aut ad mouens <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> immobile, aut ad id quod ſeipſum <lb></lb>agat, quod ex duobus initiis conſtitutum eſſe monet, alterum quidem quod per ſe moueatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alte<lb></lb>rum quod per ſe moueat; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis immobile, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> primum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> mouens immobile eſſe <lb></lb>docuiſſet, ita ratiocinatur, vt aiunt. </s> <s>Si dum efficit motum vna <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> moueretur, aut id per ſe foret, aut <lb></lb>ex euento: neutrum verò eſſe hæc <expan abbr="mõſtrant">monſtrant</expan>. </s> <s>Nam ſi per ſe moueretur, ad idem actu <expan abbr="poteſtateq́">poteſtateque</expan>. </s> <s>foret: <lb></lb>ſi fortuitò, motus igitur æternus non eſſet. </s> <s>At in hoc argumento quis neget accipi motorem primùm <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> quæ verè efficiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> cœleſtem? </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quòd illa demonſtratio qua colligitur <lb></lb>primùm mouens eſſe <expan abbr="liberũ">liberum</expan> à materia; nil haberet virium, niſi ſtatueretur primum mouens efficiens. <lb></lb></s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> colligitur: Motus æternus eſt: itaque motor eſt à materia ſeparatus. </s> <s>Dicas ergo tu, motorem eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ſolùm: at ſic poterat argumentari Ariſt. </s> <s>à perpetuitate cęterarum mutationum, quando ipſe om<lb></lb>nium æquè finis eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà concludit Ariſt. </s> <s>Deum non eſſe motorem in magnitudine, quia motus <lb></lb>in non tempore poſſet abſolui: atqui nil eſſet in ea demonſtratione firmamenti, niſi Deus moueret vt <lb></lb>efficiens: nam ſi foret virtus in magnitudine, moueret vt efficiens: ergo item mouebit conſimiliter, ſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5431"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuerit extra magnitudinem: aliter in eadem <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> fieret tranſitus ab vno cauſſæ genere ad aliud, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="abſurdũ">abſurdum</expan> reputare oportet. </s> <s>Adde his, Ariſtotelem diſtribuere <expan abbr="mouẽtia">mouentia</expan> in ea quæ phyſica vocat, ea verò <lb></lb>inter <expan abbr="mouendũ">mouendum</expan> <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, & mouentia phyſicè quæ mouent <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> pro mobilis ipſius natura; dum mo<lb></lb>uent <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, manent immobilia. </s> <s>Sed probabile eſt eodem modo quo phyſicum mouens accipitur, accipi <lb></lb>etiam id quod mouet naturaliter: at phyſicum mouens eſt ex ordine efficientium cauſſarum. </s> <s>Quin<lb></lb>etiam videtur idem Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſignificare nobis primam <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> efficere motum, ne ſit otioſa: efficiens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5432"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur. </s> <s>Necnon in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere cauſſæ <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> veniendum eſt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> primum: quare etiam id in effi<lb></lb>cientis cauſſæ genere expectandum eſt: aliam verò <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Deum putare non licet: quid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aliud afferri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>cui primi efficientis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> conueniat? </s> <s>Sed & Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe laudat <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Anaxagoram qui induxerit mentem quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5433"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit principium, vnde motus. </s> <s>Proptereà concludemus Deum non modò vt finem; verùm etiam vt effi<lb></lb>ciens motum cœleſtem producere. </s> <s>Mitto nunc Alexandri <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="inconſtantiã">inconſtantiam</expan> qui ſæpiſsimè pronunciarit <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5434"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Deum eſſe cauſſam efficientem non modò ipſius vbi, ſed generatim omnium formarum. </s> <s>Hæc prope<lb></lb>modum ab aliis in medio poſita fuiſſe nouimus ad hanc partem problematis confirmandam, nunc au<lb></lb>diamus ea quibus pro altera parte confligimus.</s></p> <pb pagenum="952"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5421"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5422"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5423"></margin.target>b 2. de ort.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5424"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5425"></margin.target>c 2. de An. <lb></lb>c. </s> <s>de ſono.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5426"></margin.target>d 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5427"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5428"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5429"></margin.target>a 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5430"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5431"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5432"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb></lb>Tt. 44. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5433"></margin.target>c 1. Met. c. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5434"></margin.target>d 7. Met. <lb></lb>T. 1. c. 46. <lb></lb><lb></lb>8. Met. <lb></lb>T. 1. c. </s> <s>vlt.</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Oſtenditur Deum ex Ariſtotelis ſententia mouere ſolùm vt finem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5435"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5435"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX altera parte ſi inſpiciantur acutius attributa cum efficientis cauſſæ, tum Dei, facilè intelligemus <lb></lb>eſſentiam <expan abbr="diuinã">diuinam</expan>, & efficientis ingenium miris modis ſecum pugnare: optimè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe habet Deus; <lb></lb>efficiens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non optimè. </s> <s>Efficiens in mouendo mouetur: at Deus manet <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> immobilis. </s> <s>Efficiens <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan>, & diuiduum per ſe: Deus prorſus indiuiduus. </s> <s>Efficientis verò illas eſſe conditiones ſine <lb></lb>vllo negocio colligetur ex Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Etenim, vt à poſtrema ex ordiar, me mouet <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quędam qua exa<lb></lb>gitat illos Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui ponerent polos immobiles <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> ſubſtantias quæ voluerent cœlum: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg5436"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inquit, poli vi mouendi præditi ſunt, quia ſunt indiuidui. </s> <s>Nam quanuis aliquis poteſt contrahere ea <lb></lb>verba ad indiuidua de prædicamento quanti, at mihi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> illa ſuperuacanea videretur <emph type="italics"></emph>cùm ſint indiuidui<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>cùm ſatis eſſent ea quæ ſequuntur, nihil .ſ. </s> <s>eorum eſſe ſubſtantiam & quæ ſubiiciuntur ibi contracta po<lb></lb>ſteà ab Ariſt. </s> <s>ad naturam <expan abbr="polorũ">polorum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> generatim mihi videtur ea <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſumenda, poli non mouent cùm <lb></lb>ſint indiuidui. </s> <s>Confice igitur ſic rationem. </s> <s>Indiuiduum, non efficit motum: poli ſunt indiuidui: <lb></lb>non igitur efficiunt motum. </s> <s>Si igitur, inquam, indiuiduum non efficit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>: ergo quod efficit mo<lb></lb>tum, indiuiduum ſit neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Quod verò in hac <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> contineatur efficiens; ex eo liquet, quae ſi <expan abbr="cõple-cteretur">comple<lb></lb>cteretur</expan> <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> mouentium genus; certè Deus non poſſet mouere cœlum: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> conſtitit Deum eſſe vir<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5437"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tutem extra magnitudinem ex eo, quae æterno tempore mouet. </s> <s>Quapropter ita rem peragere licebit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fini non repugnat mouere, vt indiuiduum. </s> <s>illi repugnat mouere vt indiuiduum: non igitur mouet <lb></lb>vt finis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vt efficiens. </s> <s>Etenim duo ſunt genera mouentium, & nemo inficiatur Deum mouere vt <lb></lb>finem: illud dubitatur; moueat'ne vt efficiens. </s> <s>Si igitur efficiens corporeum, iam liquet ipſum eſſe <lb></lb>mobile, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm mouere naturaliter, ſed etiam eſſe naturale, & ſi tale fuerit, quale nos anteà ſignifi<lb></lb>cauimus, in mouendo prorſus moueri. </s> <s>Huc quoque pertinent ea quę de mouendi <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> dicta ſunt: ita <lb></lb>enim mouet efficiens, vt alterius gratia moueat per appetitum, ſed Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ex his principiis motum con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5438"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtare concludi, eo quod mouet in motum, eo quod mouet & mouetur, & eo quod mouetur tantùm; <lb></lb>in illis autem quæ mouent & mouentur, appetitum numerat & appetens. </s> <s>ita enim vertere oportet <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τὸ ὁρεκτικὸν</foreign>, non appetibile, vt mendosè in Theodori codicem irrepſit. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> adhuc explicans <lb></lb><expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> moueat finis, & quid illud ſit quod ab eo mouetur, ita dicit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quòd verò cuius gratia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5439"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſit in immobilibus ipſa diuiſio declarat: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id cuius gratia alicui eorum <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> hoc quidem eſt, hoc <lb></lb>verò non eſt: id verò mobile eſſe cętera ſignificant quæ ſequuntur. </s> <s>“Ex his etiam perſpicitur, <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> efficiens non optimè ſe habeat: ſiquidem alterius gratia faciat, quicquid facit.” Nec, ſi id quod <lb></lb>optimè ſe habet, nullius indiget actionis; eſt dubitandum, quin id quod actionis indiget; non optimè <lb></lb>ſe habeat. </s> <s>At verò efficiens eget actionis: etenim in hoc poſita eſt natura efficientis, vt ſit alterius gra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5440"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tia; nec illud ſine actione conſequi poſsit. </s> <s>Prætereà efficiens actionem, effectionemúe reſpicit, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> atqui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5441"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actio, vel affectio quælibet eſt alterius gratia: ſine illo igitur fruſtrà exiſtat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ex ſua ipſius natura <lb></lb><expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> non eſt, cùm pendeat ex alio. </s> <s>Ex altera parte quis neget D. O. M. optimè ſe habere, & ex eo <expan abbr="aptũ">aptum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> rerum genus? </s> <s>Admiratur profectò Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eos philoſophos qui bonum in principio non ita po<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5442"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nunt, vt eius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, quod tamen in ſe ſatis habet præſidij, <expan abbr="ſeq́">ſeque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſo contentum eſt. </s> <s>fortè melius id ex <lb></lb>Græco percipies. <foreign lang="grc">ταυμαστὸν δ' εἰ τῷ πρώτῳ καὶ αἰδίῳ καὶ ἀνταρκεστάτῷ τοῦτ' αὐτό πρῶτον, οὐχ ὡς ἀγα<lb></lb>θὸν ὑπάρχει τὸ ἀυταρκες, καὶ ἡ σωτηρία. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐ δί ἄλλοτι ἄφθαρτον, ἢ διότι εὗ ἤχει, οὐ δ' ἄυταρ<lb></lb>κες ὼστε τὸ μὲν φᾶναι τὴν ἀρχην τοιἀντην εἶναι εὔλογον ἀλληδὲς εἷναι. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">τὸ μέντοι τάυτην εἷναι τὸ ἓν εἰ <lb></lb>μὴ τοῦτο στοιχεῖόν τε καὶ στοιχείον εἷναι ἀριθμῶν ἀδυνάτον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>“Mirum eſt <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan>, ſi ei quod <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> & <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="ſeq́">ſeque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſo contentum, hoc ipſum <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, non vt bonum inſit, ſeipſo <expan abbr="contentũ">contentum</expan>, & ſalus. </s> <s>Atqui non ob <lb></lb>aliud <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> interitus expers, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd bene ſe habet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> (ob aliud .ſ.) ſeipſo contentum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quamobrẽ">Quamobrem</expan> <lb></lb>aſſerere tale eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> probabile eſt eſſe verum, hoc verò eſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, aut ſi non vnum, vt vnum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <lb></lb>ſit velut elementum, & <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> numerorum fieri nequit.” Et hæc eſſentia Dei publicè habebatur, vt <lb></lb>etiam Zeno ex hoc vno, quòd Deus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> foret optimus, & præſtantiſsimus; vnum eſſe concluderet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dixerat item multò prius Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>f<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> extra ſuperiorem lationem eſſe entia quædam quæ nulla vnquam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5443"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5444"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mutatio poſſet attingere, optimam ducentia vitam, & ſeipſa maximè contentam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5436"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5437"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5438"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>anim. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 5.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5439"></margin.target>c 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 37.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5440"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5441"></margin.target>d 1. de An. <lb></lb>T. 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5442"></margin.target>e 14. Met. <lb></lb>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5443"></margin.target>f 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 100.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5444"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Omnis enim per ſe diuûm natura neceſſe est</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Immortali æuo ſumma cum pace fruatur</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Semota à nostris rebus <expan abbr="ſeiunctaq́">ſeiunctaque</expan>. </s> <s>longè<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nam priuata dolore omni, priuata periclis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ipſa ſuis pollens opibus nil indiga noſtri<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec bene pro meritis capitur, nec tangitur ira<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hæc ſi componas, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> effeceris Deum non poſſe mouere vt efficiens. </s> <s>Sed & hîc audi etiam eloquen<lb></lb>tem Ariſt. </s> <s>ea quæ ſic ſe habent, mouere vt finem: eius ego verba recitabo. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>g<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quo nanque modo fieri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5445"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt in immobili ſit principium motus (apertè verò loquitur de efficiente) aut boni natura? </s> <s>“ſiqui<lb></lb>dem <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan>, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> per ſe & propter <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> ipſius naturam (<foreign lang="grc">καθ' ἀυτὸ, καὶ διὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν</foreign>) bonum <lb></lb>ſit; finis eſt, & ita cauſſa; quoniam illius gratia & cętera fiunt, & ſunt: finis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, & cuius cauſſa actionis <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> finis eſt, actiones verò cum motu omnes. </s> <s>Eadem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eiuſdem auctoris expreſſa ſententia <lb></lb>fuit in phyſicis, vt nihil apertius.” Ei <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan>, inquit, <emph type="sup"></emph>h<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quod quam optimè ſe habet; nihil actione eſt opus: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5446"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum id, cuius gratia. </s> <s>Quapropter ſi Deus ſuapte natura bonus: efficiens bonum propter aliud: <lb></lb>ergo Deus nullo pacto efficiens habendus erit. </s> <s>ſed cùm ſuapte vi ſit pulcher & expetendus; excitabit <pb pagenum="953"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5447"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſe reliqua ad ſuiipſius adeptionem: proinde ſic ſine vlla cura mentis, corporiſúe labore mouebit: <lb></lb>aliorum labor erit, & cura. </s> <s>Illud item conſtat apud Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> principatus in ciuitatibus & regna ad fi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5448"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nem referri. </s> <s>Deus autem princeps eſt, vnus & ſolus princeps <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> principum: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> mouebit vt finis; <lb></lb>nec aliter mouere poterit, niſi quid de ſua præſtantia deteratur, vt mox oſtendam: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> agere coge<lb></lb>retur propter aliquid ſeipſo nobilius. </s> <s>Et vniuerſa illa planè quæ 12. Met. allata ſunt ab Ariſtotele, nihil <lb></lb>aliud nos docent, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quòd moueat vt finis. </s> <s>quod item cùm præclariſsimi philoſophi perſpicerent, <expan abbr="aĩas">animas</expan> <lb></lb>in cœlis collocarunt quę <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficientes cauſſæ cœlos agerent. </s> <s>Huc accedit, quae ſi ſtellæ mouere <expan abbr="ponunt̃">ponuntur</expan> <lb></lb>vt fines, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia manent, opinor, immobiles; multò magis hoc eſſentiæ diuinæ conueniet: etenim im<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5449"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mobileis poſuit ſtellas Ariſtoteles, tametſi nonnulli Aſtronomi eas in ſuo circulo conuerti putarunt; <lb></lb>quicquid de hac re dixerit <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> Philoponum Simplicius: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> oppoſitum docuit Proclus <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & ij qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5450"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>defendunt epicyclos, vt ſaluent illud phænomenon, quòd Luna ſemper faciem <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> ad nos conuertere <lb></lb>videatur; eam volunt contra <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> epicycli pari <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> ſpatio, & certa <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> proportione in ſuo ipſius <lb></lb>ambitu volui. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò nos eò referre oportet <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> quæ <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> munere fungatur, & <lb></lb>efficientis, & finis; ac ſola <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> diſtingui, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> euenit in formis naturalibus. </s> <s>eadem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma <lb></lb>reipſa eſt quæ ſimul eſt efficiens, & finis; alia tamen <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ratio; in qua item re non repugnat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>ſuiipſius gratia <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> agere, & ſeipſam expetere: ita igitur in deo duplex inerit <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, prima quidem qua <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5451"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> expetendus eſt; altera verò qua proximus auctor eſt motus ſeipſum expetens, & cum cœlo con<lb></lb>iunctus item cœlo tribuens intelligendi & appetendi; cęlum verò per ſe nil aliud obtinuiſſe dicemus, <lb></lb><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> appetitum <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> ad eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, non ſecus àc terram ad deſcenſum: Deus autem ipſe quaſi perfe<lb></lb>ctionis ſuæ deſiderio captus mouebit cœlum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſibiipſi primus finis exiſtet, per <expan abbr="cœleſtẽ">cœleſtem</expan> verò <expan abbr="mo-tũ">mo<lb></lb>tum</expan> ſeipſum aſſequetur; cęlo verò finis erit <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> remotior; efficiens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> proximum, quia motus ab eo <lb></lb>proximè fiat. </s> <s>Itaque ob eam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> qua finis eſt, optimè ſe habebit, nec vllius opis indigebit, aut ipſo <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> erit præſtantius. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hic agendi modus afferet imperfectionem, quandò ſuiipſius gratia ſolùm <lb></lb>agat: imperfectionem certè ſignificaret, ſi licet hæc alterius gratia faceret. </s> <s>Hìc eſt quòd vehementer <lb></lb>inſiſtamus, cùm ex his quę dicta ſunt, pendeant vniuerſa <expan abbr="propemodũ">propemodum</expan> quę de prima cauſſa motus à phi<lb></lb>loſophis decernuntur. </s> <s>Ideò cùm primis oſtendere conabor <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> non fuiſſe <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> Ariſt. </s> <s>in prima phi<lb></lb>loſophia, cùm de <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> explicatur qua Deus mouet; deinde nec ita Deum mouere naturæ <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ſatis eſ<lb></lb>ſe conſentaneum: euertit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hæc interprętatio multas eius libri ſententias: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> loquens inferius Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>de eo quod primò mouetur à motore primo, inquit id alio, & alio pacto ſe habere, vbi expreſsè diſpu<lb></lb>tat de eo quod in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> mouetur: illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt quod mouetur motu primò, quæ eſt ipſa conuerſio; hoc <lb></lb>verò eſt ſine controuerſia cęlum: proinde hoc <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> eſt quod intelligit & amat: etenim motus ille exi<lb></lb>ſtit, quae mouens ametur & intelligatur: ergo mobile amat & intelligit. </s> <s>Sed primùm mobile eſt cęlum. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5452"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Et cœlum igitur eſt, quod amat & intelligit, atque ita mouetur. </s> <s>Prætereà fruſtraretur Ariſt. </s> <s>fine ſuo: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> inſtituerat docere qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> primum mouens ita moueret cœlos, vt in mouendo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueretur: <lb></lb>at nos, ſi hæc interprętatio ſtaret, audiremus oppoſitum, qua nempe <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> moueretur, & quòd item, ſi <lb></lb>moueret vt efficiens, cùm hoc vt moueat, neceſſe ſit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan>, ab Ariſt. </s> <s>diſceremus, non ſanè, quòd <lb></lb>immobile permaneret, ſed quòd ita moueret, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> moueretur. </s> <s>Huc adde quae quæſtio ab Ariſt. </s> <s>propo<lb></lb>ſita <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> abſolueretur: illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quærebatur qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> Deus moueret: id ab Ariſt. </s> <s>accepimus <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> mo<lb></lb>uere vt <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>: efficiens nunc requiritur, vbi de efficiente <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> legimus in eo loco? </s> <s>Ex his fortè ſe expe<lb></lb>dire ſtudebunt aſſerentes Ariſt. </s> <s>de primo motu verba facere, eſt verò conuerſio quæ <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> cęli propria <lb></lb>ponitur: attamen eius eſt cœli quod <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> factum eſt vnum ex corpore ipſo, & motore primo: quapro<lb></lb>pter de hoc ſolo motu qui <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> corporis ipſius eſt, verba facere Ariſtotelem; ab eo verò maximè abhor<lb></lb>rere primum mouens. </s> <s>Nec de efficiente mentionem ibi fieri, quòd ſatis hoc per actum fuiſſet 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb>At quantum eſt de primo; negare poſſe non videntur, quin appetitus & cognitio primi <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan> ipſius <lb></lb>propria ſit: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius accipiendi facultas incorporea, non igitur propria corporis, niſi nobiſcum ſentire <lb></lb>velint: ergo ſuiipſius appetitu ducitur. </s> <s>Cęterùm id gratis datur. </s> <s>Verùm eſto ſic Deus vt efficiens, & <lb></lb>ſuiipſius appetitu ducatur, & ipſe certè mouebitur: non igitur <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> immobilis. </s> <s>Dant ipſum moueri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5453"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motu <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> metaphorico, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> volunt id eius conditioni repugnare: nam, niſi ita moueatur: neque <lb></lb>appetet igitur. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetitus ex ordine <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> entium quæ in mouendo mouentur. </s> <s>De hoc nunc aga<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s>Equidem neſcio videre, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> appetitus in Deo reperiri poſsit; cùm rei nullius indigus <lb></lb>ſit: appetitus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab indigentia & priuatione naſcatur. </s> <s>Prætereà id appeteret quod ſemper haberet, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nẽpe">nempe</expan> ſeipſum, & forma <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> cuperet, quod his <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> formis ab Ariſtotele negatum fuiſſe nouimus. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5454"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> etſi forma, efficiens, & finis in natura conueniunt <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> hoc haberi poſsit vt <expan abbr="expetendũ">expetendum</expan>, illud <lb></lb>vt expetens; at numero ſeparata ſunt, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt illud planè ſit id quod appetit, ab eo quod appetitur. </s> <s>Quin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5455"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Deus aut explet <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> ſuum mouendo per ſe, vt ſibi ſatisfaciat, aut propter cœlum <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>, ne deſidia <lb></lb>capiatur, & otio marceſcat. </s> <s>poſterius hoc dari non conuenit: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eius vita ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> foret, atque ita <lb></lb>ſeruilis, & infima: ſin, quia <expan abbr="beneficiũ">beneficium</expan> inde accipiant alia, & quòd ſine ipſo ſibi non bene ſit; iam id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>affert <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> mouendi, vt efficiens quandò etiam ſic <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> mouere, vt finis, & id fini adſcriptum ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>facilè cognoſci poterit: etenim entia nolunt malè diſponi & gubernari: vnus ergo princeps. <lb></lb></s> <s>atqui princeps habet <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> finis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> quòd moueatur cœlum à Deo vt ſibi ipſi ſit bene, & refertur <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, quod nos defendere volumus. </s> <s>Quòd ſi propter ſeipſum Deus moueat <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan>, quod video ſenſiſſe <lb></lb>præſtantiores philoſophos; tum externi indigeret, vt ſuo munere fungeretur, <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> actio neceſſariò <lb></lb>corporea & organica foret; quippe quæ ad <expan abbr="explendũ">explendum</expan> ſuum <expan abbr="deſideriũ">deſiderium</expan> corpore <expan abbr="vteret̃">vteretur</expan>, & cùm ex alio <pb pagenum="954"></pb>penderet, vita eius ſeipſa contenta non eſſet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illa immenſa & ineffabili beatitudine frueretur quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5456"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex communi ſenſu pręſtantiſsimę eſſentiæ tribuitur; quanuis <expan abbr="ipsã">ipsam</expan> mens humana veluti per <expan abbr="tranſennã">tranſennam</expan> <lb></lb>conſpiciat. </s> <s>Duplex item intelligentia, duplex appetitus, & quatenus à cœlo <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan> primum mouens <lb></lb>concipitur, & quatenus cęlo quodammodo alligatum. </s> <s>Ergo operatio vna, & ſimplex in cęlo nulla. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mirto quòd ſic moueret ſe per accidens, quia quatenus cęlo adnexum; at <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> nil eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, niſi caducum <lb></lb>8. Phyſ. T. 52. Quanquàm & Ariſt. </s> <s>ipſe non ſemel ſignificauit nob. </s> <s>eam <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> mouendi alienam eſ<lb></lb>ſe à Deo, ne <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> efficiens, & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> ſecum reipſa differre. </s> <s>Dum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> docet, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Diuinum prorſus eſſe immu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5457"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tabile; cauſſam reddit, quae nihil aliud melius eſſe poſsit à quo moueatur: illud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſet diuinius. </s> <s>At hoc <lb></lb>inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>nihil habet <foreign lang="grc">φαῦλον</foreign>, <expan abbr="deminutũ">deminutum</expan>, neque indigum <expan abbr="cuiuſquã">cuiuſquam</expan> ſui ipſius bonorum. </s> <s>ergo ſi ibi <lb></lb>adeſſet <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> appetitus, in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſubiecto melioris & deterioris <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> foret. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> repetitum ab eo <expan abbr="cõ-perimus">con<lb></lb>perimus</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quinimmo ipſi Deo <expan abbr="negatũ">negatum</expan> appetitum, quae diuinius ſit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vt habeat prius, quae ſi moueret, vt ap<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5458"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>petens, haberet; prius etenim ab alio moueretur; id verò prius eſſe oporteret: igitur manet immo<lb></lb>bile <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis. </s> <s>Et certè ſi quod ab alio mouetur, ſiue à fine, & vt appetens moueatur, ſiue etiam vt <lb></lb>ab efficiente; à priore & meliore <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>, & vt deterius, aut in eadem eſſentia diuina erit <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> deterioris, <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="negandũ">negandum</expan> prorſus eſt, aut Deus non mouebit, quatenus appetens. </s> <s>Illò fortè confugies, ibi hæc ab<lb></lb>ſurda contingere, vbi ſeiuncta ſint ſubiecto appetens & appetendum, ſed ſi in <expan abbr="eadã">eadam</expan> natura <expan abbr="conueniãt">conueniant</expan>, <lb></lb>& propter ſe ipſum agat efficiens; idem non inconuenit ſibi ipſi <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> & efficiens eſſe; nec ibi melius, aut <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5459"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deterius eſt; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ex ſe ipſo præſtat <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ requirit: id verò à ſimili confirmari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, quòd in Deo <lb></lb>mens, res intelligenda, & intelligentia ſunt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> & idem, & mens tamen ad <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> obtinet po<lb></lb>teſtatis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſuſpicio poſſet exoriri de aliqua imperfectione, quia tamen in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> eſt in quo actus non <lb></lb>contaminat vllo pacto. </s> <s><expan abbr="locoq́">locoque</expan>. </s> <s>illi Ariſtotelico occurres, quòd ibi motus verè accipiatur, nihil agatur <lb></lb>de metaphorico, de quo nunc verba facimus. </s> <s>tametſi dicebat ad hoc Achillinus, non eſſe <expan abbr="inconueniẽs">inconueniens</expan> <lb></lb>vni menti plura tribui prædicata quæ ſecum nobilitate differant, quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> poſsint eſſe diuerſarum <expan abbr="me-thodorũ">me<lb></lb>thodorum</expan> obiecta. </s> <s>Equidem non eſſe <expan abbr="parẽ">parem</expan> rationem in appetente & efficiente perſpicio, atque in intel<lb></lb>ligente; propterea quòd illa diſtinctio in <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, quoad intelligendi <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> pendet ex noſtro <lb></lb>modo concipiendi, qui cùm in nobis è potentia intelligente actu fieri experiamur, in illo actu diuinæ <lb></lb>eſſentiæ cogitamus duas parteis, intelligentem .ſ. </s> <s>& intelligendam: at hic <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mente ſolùm, ſed natura <lb></lb>diſiuncta oportet eſſe principia. </s> <s>quorum ſint adeò munera diuerſa. </s> <s>Prætereà in <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> & obiecto quia <lb></lb>functio prorſus interna eſt, fortaſſe <expan abbr="dabit̃">dabitur</expan> eadem eſſe ſecundùm eſſentiam; <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ratione diſtingui. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter vbi mens poteſtate ſit, ab obiecto perficitur, vbi verò ſit actu, vt in mentibus ſupremis, <lb></lb>quia ſolùm diſtinguitur ex modo intelligendi, <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> affert imperfectionem. </s> <s>at <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> id continget in effi<lb></lb>cientiæ <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quę pendet <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ab externo? </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetit ſeipſum Deus ſimpliciter in hypotheſi no<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5460"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtra, ſed quoad adiunctus ad cęlum; ex quo efficitur motus qui per ſe ipſum eſt actio imperfecta, cùm <lb></lb>alioquin actio Dei velit eſſe perfectiſsima, quippe quòd ibi ſit indigentia, ſi per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> debeat <expan abbr="cõparari">comparari</expan> <lb></lb>finis, aut ſi <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> ſibi ip ſi mouens eſt præſens; motus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> redundabit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & 10. Eth. & 12. primæ phi<lb></lb>loſophiæ. </s> <s>Deo conceditur actio immanens quæ non reſpicit vllo modo externum. </s> <s>Quare non ſolùm <lb></lb>optimus eſſe debet, quia non moueatur, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quia nulla fungatur actione quę externum reſpiciat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter non eſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> par <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> officij. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt, quòd tu hoc loco obiicias nobis <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">καθ' ὑφεσιν</foreign>, qui non malum eſt, & in ſeparatis à materia dari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & <expan abbr="indigentiã">indigentiam</expan> ſibi reſpondentem, de <lb></lb>qua ſuprà diximus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illi explendæ actione opus non eſt ſufficiente ſola contemplatione, hîc deſi<lb></lb>deratur actio; nempe motio cęli qua ſatiari deberet: efficiens <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> agendo ſuo fine potiri ſtudet. </s> <s>Prædi<lb></lb>cata verò quæ ſupremis mentibus aſsignantur, & ad varias methodos referri queunt, non vniuſmodi <lb></lb>ſunt: etenim vel ſua ipſarum ſunt, nil externi reſpicientia, quæ ſolent eſſe primæ philoſophiæ, vel ali<lb></lb>quo modo ſe habent ad aliud. </s> <s>Verùm hæc non earum ſunt, vt ad alia, ſed <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan>, vt ad illas: hæc nihil <lb></lb>ſanè ponunt in ipſis, verùm in iis quæ ſunt ex ipſis, quæ nil prohibet ad alias methodos attinere. </s> <s>Quòd <lb></lb>ſi <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> ratio efficientis .ſ. </s> <s>& finis ineſſet in Deo; negari non poſſet, quin per <expan abbr="aliquẽ">aliquem</expan> perfectionis <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> <lb></lb>diſtinguerentur intrinſecùs. </s> <s>Si verò dixeris efficiens ad aliud dici; proinde negabis in <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> Dei re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5461"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dundare <expan abbr="imperfectionẽ">imperfectionem</expan>; atqui momento ſine efficientis mutatione ſeu vera, ſeu metaphorica <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>efficientiæ non conſiſtere, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>mutationem pertinere ad mobile, non ad <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan>, ſi moueat vt finis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quia verò tu ibidem ſemper immoraberis hæc de motore primo dici, quatenus <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> primus eſt; ita ve<lb></lb>rò mouet vt finis; attamen & hæc tolerare poſſe <expan abbr="ſocietatẽ">ſocietatem</expan> alterius cauſſæ, quà .ſ. </s> <s>non eſt prima ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, ſed in ſuo genere duntaxat: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita non ſolùm mouere vt finem, ſed vt efficiens item. </s> <s>Verùm <lb></lb>obſerua nunc, quid de his dicat Ariſt. </s> <s>aduerſus Anaxagoram <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quem tu noſti ponere mentem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5462"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ſegregaret homoeomerias ex illa maſſa in qua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> contrariorum paria volebat ineſſe, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſta<lb></lb>tuebat bonum, ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> principij naturæ conuenire: proinde huic principio vim efficiendi tribuebat; eam <lb></lb>non efficere, ita vt talis ratio cauſſæ <expan abbr="accõmodetur">accommodetur</expan> ad ipſam, ſic oſtendit Ariſtoteles: mens, inquit, mo<lb></lb>uet; verùm alicuius gratia mouet; quare alterum cuius argumenti ſenſus hic eſt, quae quatenus <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, <lb></lb>eſt gratia alterius; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> alterum requiritur, cuius gratia moueat: idcirco non eſſet hoc principium pri<lb></lb>mum. Specta igitur huius ſententiæ vim: non'ne poterat dicere Anaxagoras ad Ariſtotelem; quin <lb></lb>mouet gratia ſuiipſius, quia ſic moueat Deus, & quia fortaſſe reſpondebis [alterius] non quidem ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia eſſentiaúe differentis, ſed <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> duntaxat, quòd efficientis, <expan abbr="finiſq́">finiſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> maneat in eodem. </s> <s>At quod <lb></lb>ſubiicit Ariſt. </s> <s>hanc interprętationem euertit. </s> <s>ſcribit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> niſi ſit, vt nos dicimus. </s> <s>ars <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> medendi quodam<lb></lb>modo ſanitas eſt, quaſi ibi ſolùm eueniat hoc, vbi ars eſt ipſa forma: ſiquidem in mente artificis ſit for <pb pagenum="955"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5463"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma concepta ſanitatis quæ finis eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> aut <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſt cum hoc modus quo finis eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> cum efficiente; <lb></lb>aut alius ab hoc diſcrepans: ſi alium dixeris; vtique malè Ariſt. </s> <s>qui hunc ſolùm indicarit, nec planè <lb></lb>conuicerit <expan abbr="aduerſariũ">aduerſarium</expan>, quia ſemper dicere licebit <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo finis <expan abbr="efficienſq́">efficienſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõueniant">conueniant</expan>, & ipſe <lb></lb>reprehendendus qui de ea re ne verbum quidem anteà fecerit, pręſertim cùm ſe referat ad ea quæ antè <lb></lb>conſtituerit. </s> <s>Nunc ſpectemus, an'ne Deus ita efficere poſsit, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> artifex apud Ariſtotelem: <lb></lb>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> me fugit <expan abbr="talẽ">talem</expan> poni <foreign lang="grc">Δημιουργὸν</foreign> à Platone qui efficiendi vim in Deo poſuerit. </s> <s>Sed apud Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſecus <expan abbr="ſentiendũ">ſentiendum</expan> eſſe arbitror. </s> <s>Primùm, quia ſic introduceretur Idea, cuius acerrimus aduerſarius fuit <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Deinde ſpecies eſt illius rei quæ abeſt, & alicui exhibenda eſt, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi faciamus ægrotum <lb></lb>ſibiipſi mederi poſſe; nihiloſecius offeratur non habenti. </s> <s>Verùm qua <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> poſſunt hæc in Deo cogi<lb></lb>tari? </s> <s>quo pacto <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in ſe habet quæ ſit finis, velut in arte, quia .ſ. </s> <s><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> cupiat exhibere? </s> <s>an ſibiipſi ſei<lb></lb>pſum, aut <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan> aliquid parare vult? </s> <s>quid abſurdius in re quę ſemper in <expan abbr="cõſummatione">conſummatione</expan> ſit, & ſeipſa <lb></lb>perpetuò fruatur, aliquid ponere parandum? </s> <s>quo item modo euitatur, quin <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſit actu & poteſtate, <lb></lb>habens & deficiens, quæ continent <expan abbr="admirabilẽ">admirabilem</expan> repugnantiam? </s> <s>Num ſeipſum cęlo per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmu-nicare">commu<lb></lb>nicare</expan> dicemus, vt hoc ſit eius conſilium? </s> <s>opinor <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan> illa reditura, quae aut aliis ſeruiat, aut ipſe ſit <lb></lb>egens. </s> <s>&, mea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſententia, <expan abbr="cõſeruabitur">conſeruabitur</expan> facilius, <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="ſimplicemq́">ſimplicemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="diuinã">diuinam</expan>; <lb></lb>ſi tam diuerſis officiis, cuiuſmodi ſunt finis, & efficientis, <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> non diſiungamus quam prætereà <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> igno<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5464"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>remus non tolerare <expan abbr="ſeparationẽ">ſeparationem</expan> functionis. </s> <s>Reſtat vt conſideremus, an'ne efficientiæ <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> propoſita fuerit <lb></lb>8. Phyſ. Sed contemplanti mihi diligenter <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> Ariſtotelis; ipſe ibi ſe <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> inueniſſe teſtatur <lb></lb>in iis quæ de prima philoſophia longè anteà diſputata fuerant; ea verò ſunt, vt puto, elementa phyſi<lb></lb>ca quæ prioribus octo libris <expan abbr="continent̃">continentur</expan>, & oſtendiſſe id <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quod mouetur, ex duobus principiis eſ<lb></lb>ſe conflatum; altero <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quod perpetuò moueatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altero quod moueat ſemper; docens <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan>, <lb></lb>vt id eueniat, adiicit <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo mouet, qui à finis ipſius natura collectus eſt. </s> <s>Ergo quod in Phyſicis <expan abbr="cõ-cluſum">con<lb></lb>cluſum</expan> fuit de motore primo, pertinebat ad finem. </s> <s>Sed ſiue hoc in 8. Phyſ. <expan abbr="expoſitũ">expoſitum</expan> fuerit, ſeu fuerit <lb></lb>prima philoſophia diuina; <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> liquet Ariſt. </s> <s>vſurpare <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> quæ iam conſtructa 8. Phyſ. <lb></lb><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi id quod eius <expan abbr="demõſtrationis">demonſtrationis</expan> auxilio <expan abbr="repertũ">repertum</expan> eſt, ſpectat ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>; ex 8. igitur colligimus Deum <lb></lb>ſic mouere, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> finis. </s> <s>Nullibi ergo de <expan abbr="efficiẽtia">efficientia</expan> facta mentio. </s> <s>ac niſi id ibi <expan abbr="peractũ">peractum</expan> ſit, duo vi<lb></lb>tia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> contemnenda in Ariſt. </s> <s>methodo notari poſſent: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> pro <expan abbr="cõperta">comperta</expan> <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> adhuc <expan abbr="obſcu-rã">obſcu<lb></lb>ram</expan>, & quę <expan abbr="demõſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> deſideraret, accepiſſet, & id ſe oſtendiſſe ſignificaret de quo <expan abbr="verbũ">verbum</expan> <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> anteà <lb></lb>feciſſet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Demũ">Demum</expan> ſiue 8. Phyſ. ſeu lib. de motu animal. </s> <s>ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> 12. Met. vbi de primo motore ex profeſſo <lb></lb>diſputatum eſt, ſemper concluſum fuit <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis <expan abbr="immobilẽ">immobilem</expan>, & per ſe, & per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, quòd <lb></lb>ſi moueret, vt efficiens, ſaltem per accidens moueretur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hæc quidem Peripateticè non ignarus alia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5465"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dictari diuinitùs, ſed ne in meſſem alienam manus inſeram, me ab illis de induſtria temperabo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5445"></margin.target>g 3. Met. <lb></lb>ſum. 2. c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5446"></margin.target>h 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 63.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5447"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5448"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>c. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5449"></margin.target>b 12. Met. <lb></lb>T 48.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5450"></margin.target>c Timęo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5451"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5452"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5453"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5454"></margin.target>d 1. Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 81.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5455"></margin.target>c 2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5456"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5457"></margin.target>a 1. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 100.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5458"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5459"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5460"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5461"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5462"></margin.target>c 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 55.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5463"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5464"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5465"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Pergimus ad reliqua, vnde & aliorum auctoritate, & dubitationibus quibuſdam ſublatis primum <lb></lb>mouens apud Ariſtotelem finis vnius rationem habere confirmemus. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC poſtquàm ego meditatus eſſem, legi apud Syrianum <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non ſemel diſcrimen inter <expan abbr="ſnĩam">ſententiam</expan> Ari<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5466"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtotelis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Platonis, quae ille <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> vt <expan abbr="appetendã">appetendam</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> cauſſam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> ſupponat; Plato verò, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="generatricẽ">generatricem</expan> vniuerſorum; mox illa adiuncta diſtinctius de diſcrimine inter philoſophiam <expan abbr="Platoni-cã">Platoni<lb></lb>cam</expan> & <expan abbr="Peripateticã">Peripateticam</expan>: ſiquidem inter <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> conueniat non <expan abbr="futurã">futuram</expan> <expan abbr="generationẽ">generationem</expan>, niſi ſit aliqua eius cauſ<lb></lb>ſa æterna: veruntamen Ariſt. </s> <s>à paterna philoſophia deficere, quae in materialibus formis <expan abbr="effectricẽ">effectricem</expan> <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, aut <expan abbr="exemplarẽ">exemplarem</expan> non præbet, ſed <expan abbr="finalẽ">finalem</expan> & applicabilem: applicabiles <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt proximè quidem <lb></lb>ſphæris quæ <expan abbr="circũ">circum</expan> ipſam <expan abbr="mouent̃">mouentur</expan>, per has verò <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> mundanis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, vt ipſe fert, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> bonum <lb></lb>appetunt: ſi <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> multa ſunt bona, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> tamen ad ea quæ principaliora ſunt, ordinantur; & hæc ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan>, & <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan>, quemadmodum fusè ſcriptum eſt 12. primæ philoſophiæ. </s> <s>Sic etiam <lb></lb>cùm de <expan abbr="iiſdẽ">iiſdem</expan> rebus agatur à Proclo, & planè exponatur quid <expan abbr="pleręq.">pleręque</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophorũ">philoſophorum</expan> ſectæ proprium ha<lb></lb>berent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ſelectũ">ſelectum</expan>, cùm mirificè congruant cum hiſce noſtris, & tibi perſuadeant me Peripateticè ſen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5467"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tire, nolui <expan abbr="cõmittere">committere</expan> quin tibi legenda offerrem. </s> <s>“Hæc grauis illius auctoris verba ſunt <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Epicurei ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5468"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rò, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> totius æterni negant eſſe .ſ. </s> <s>auctorem. </s> <s>Stoici <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="inſeparabilẽ">inſeparabilem</expan> eſſe à materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>At Peripatetici ſeparabile <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſſe aliquid; efficiens verò non eſſe, ſed finem: quapropter <expan abbr="exẽplaria">exemplaria</expan> <lb></lb>ſuſtulerunt, & <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> vniuerſis præfecerunt quæ multitudinem arceret. </s> <s>Cęterùm Plato & Pythagorei <lb></lb><expan abbr="opificẽ">opificem</expan> vniuerſi celebrarunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſeparabilẽ">ſeparabilem</expan>, & <expan abbr="abſtractũ">abſtractum</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> <expan abbr="præſidentẽ">præſidentem</expan>, & vniuerſorum <expan abbr="prouidentiã">prouidentiam</expan>.” <lb></lb>Noſti <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Epicurum, ſtatuiſſe natura <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> eſſe mundum, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>rem ei eſſe tam facilem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> reliqui <expan abbr="prope-modũ">prope<lb></lb>modum</expan> philoſophi negabant effici ſine diuina poſſe ſolertia, vt innumerabiles natura mundos effectura <lb></lb>ſit, efficiat, effecerit: Stoicos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poſuiſſe <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, cuius natura vim in ſe haberet per <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> mundum <expan abbr="per-tinentẽ">per<lb></lb>tinentem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> complures philoſophi <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> ſine vllo corpore fuiſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> putabant, Eumenes, Critias <lb></lb>Theodorus, Prodicus Chius, Diagoras Melius, Protagoras Abderites. </s> <s>Plato, Gorgias ſubſtantiam diui<lb></lb>nam expertem materiæ poſuerunt; attamen ignotam eſſe prædicarunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nefas indicari in vulgus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etenim illa ex Platone leguntur apud Alcinoum, <foreign lang="grc">καὶ μὴν ὁ πρῶτος θεὸς ἀίδιος ἐστιν, ἄρῥητος, ἀυτοτε<lb></lb>λὴς, παντελὴς</foreign>. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primus via motus perduxit nos in eiuſmodi eſſentiarum notitiam, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quãtũ">quantum</expan> captus ferebat humanus, & <expan abbr="eſsẽtiã">eſsentiam</expan> eſſe docuit cuius optimus eſſet ſtatus, quae in perpetua ſuiipſius <lb></lb><expan abbr="contẽplatione">contemplatione</expan> verſarentur, & <expan abbr="expetẽdum">expetendum</expan> ſe cęteris offerret <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actione vel <expan abbr="contẽplatione">contemplatione</expan> <expan abbr="adipiſcẽdũ">adipiſcendum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tametſi nomen à Platone & Ariſt. </s> <s>ad cœlum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="tranſlatũ">tranſlatum</expan> eſt, (citatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> volumen de philoſophia <pb pagenum="956"></pb>à M. T. quo cęlum <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> Dei ſignificauit Ariſt.) & <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> è veteribus Deos <foreign lang="grc">θεοὺς</foreign> appellatos eſſe dixere, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5469"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τῆς θέσεως</foreign>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quòd exiſtimarent deos eſſe quos conſtanter, ac fixè ferri deprehenderent his ſy<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5470"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deribus mutationis cauſſas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò ſalutis <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> rerum tribuentes, quia ſic eſſent dij <foreign lang="grc">θέτῆρες</foreign> .i. </s> <s>con<lb></lb>ſtitutores & conditores <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> rerum. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolùm Deus habitus eſt corpus illud <expan abbr="diuiniſsimũ">diuiniſsimum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed eò proceſsit temeritas <expan abbr="philoſophantiũ">philoſophantium</expan> <expan abbr="nonnullorũ">nonnullorum</expan>, vt vniuerſas <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> parteis <expan abbr="opinarẽtur">opinarentur</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>& Thales aquam habuerit pro Deo, licet & alium <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> progenitorem poſuerit, qui cuncta fingeret ex <lb></lb>aqua, vnde <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> conuellitur eo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> à . Thomllio ſub perſona C. Velleij hoc argumento. </s> <s>Si dij poſſunt <lb></lb>eſſe ſine ſenſu & mente, cur aquæ adiunxit, ſi ipſa mens conſtare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> vacans corpore? </s> <s>Sed certè ho<lb></lb>rum verborum <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> diligenter aduertenti non obſcuriſsima iure non videri poſsit, ne <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan> nulla, ita vt <lb></lb>non præcisè ſolùm explicatum ſit <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, ſed vt non iniuria mendę ſuſpicio detur. </s> <s>Quapropter in <lb></lb>tanti ſcriptoris <expan abbr="honorẽ">honorem</expan> paucis enarrabo, qui ſit eius argumenti ſenſus, & quibus verbis ſuppleri debet. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr="igit̃">igitur</expan> dilémma, quod eſt <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan> duo <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> complectens <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> vtróuis dato conſequitur abſur<lb></lb>dum: cui ſupponitur hæc theſis. </s> <s>Partes mundi deos eſſe, aut <expan abbr="deorũ">deorum</expan> partes; nihilominus cùm ſeorſum <lb></lb>dij forent, Thales <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> mentem ab illis ſeparatam adiunxit, vt ita dij eſſent. </s> <s>Opponitur igitur Velleius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si dij poſſunt eſſe ſine ſenſu & mente; cur <expan abbr="aliũ">alium</expan> deum oportuit adiungere? </s> <s>fruſtra <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> factum eſt, cùm <lb></lb>iam per ſe dij ſint, aut cur aqua opus fuit illi menti quæ poſſet ſine corpore conſtare? </s> <s>nam & hîc fru<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5471"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtra ſupponitur corpus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſic ritè exponeretur vniuerſa ratio. </s> <s>Si dij poſſunt eſſe ſine ſenſu & men<lb></lb>te, cur aquæ adiunxit? </s> <s>aut menti <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>, ſi ipſa mens conſtare <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> vacans corpore? </s> <s>hic eſt plenus hu<lb></lb>ius loci ſenſus. </s> <s>tu verba hæc inſere, & ita emenda <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> ſi placet: nam facilè admodùm à puro librario <lb></lb>verba illa exturbari ineptè potuerunt. </s> <s>ſed hæc ſatis. </s> <s>Ad philoſophos reuertamur, & ad Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="noſtrũ">noſtrum</expan>, <lb></lb>apud quem multò melius <foreign lang="grc">θεὸς απὸ τοῦ θεᾶσθαι</foreign>, quàm <foreign lang="grc">ἀπὸ τῆς θέσεως</foreign> nominatus eſt, quòd is ve<lb></lb>rè Deus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>exiſtimatus eſt. </s> <s>Viuens vitam <expan abbr="contemplantẽ">contemplantem</expan> <expan abbr="optimũ">optimum</expan>: idcirco vita, & ſæcula <expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="perpetuaq́">perpetuaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt in Deo. </s> <s>Sed ad rem redeo. </s> <s>Vides optimè qui fuerit ſenſus Ariſtotelis, & <expan abbr="quemadmo-dũ">quemadmo<lb></lb>dum</expan> nullus alius eſſe queat; ſiquidem vbi efficiens ſtatuatur; ibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ponantur Ideæ neceſſe eſt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>Plato, qui Deum credidit eſſe <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, Ideas <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> introduxit. </s> <s>Ergo cùm apertè Peripatetici tollant Ideas; <lb></lb><expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> eſt, eos <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Deum <expan abbr="opificẽ">opificem</expan> eſſe nolle, ſed finem. </s> <s>Verùm ea tibi fortè placitum hoc ſuſpectum <lb></lb>reddent: tum quòd ita deſcribitur primum mouens, quod ſit <expan abbr="liberũ">liberum</expan>, <expan abbr="gratiaq́">gratiaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſui ipſius agat: illa enim <lb></lb>erant apud Platonicos elogia diuinæ eſſentię <foreign lang="grc">τὸ σοφὸν τὸ ἄυλον, τὸ ἀδέσποτον καὶ τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ὂν</foreign> ſapiens, <lb></lb>ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> materiæ concretione <expan abbr="ſecretũ">ſecretum</expan>, liberum, ſui ipſius. </s> <s>Opponebat item Proclus. </s> <s>Mens ipſa mouet vt <lb></lb>amatum; mundus amat. </s> <s>Cùm igitur mundus <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quid non exiſtat, amoris cauſſa petetur aliunde. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed amare eſt <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>. </s> <s>igitur aliunde peti <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> oportebit. </s> <s>Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſic dubitabat Alexander. <lb></lb></s> <s>Si Deus mouet vt finis; non igitur poterit Ariſt. </s> <s>argumentari, cum 1. de Cęlo, tum 12. Met. Deus vnus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5472"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> mundus vnus: quandò vnum ex iis quæ appetuntur non ab vno duntaxat, ſed ab innumeris <lb></lb>æquè appeti poterit; non ſecus àc <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> pulcherrima virgo ab innumeris procis appetatur. </s> <s>Potuit & <lb></lb>hoc muniri dicto Ariſt. </s> <s>qui 3. Polit. c. 3. cùm exponeret illa quæ tractanda eſſent ab heris, concedit ali<lb></lb>qua <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ab eo diſcenda <foreign lang="grc">χρείας χάριν</foreign>, ideſt, vſus gratia, vt .ſ. </s> <s>illis vti valeat, quæ ſunt propria ſeruorum: <lb></lb>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ab hero propter ſe ipſum, non propter alium: cùm igitur talia ſint, non ſubit hîc rationem ſerui ac <lb></lb>domini; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>dignitas eius non contaminatur. </s> <s>Accedit his auctoritas ſapientum (perſequenda <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>hîc nobis ſunt probabilia; quandò neceſſaria non ſuccurrunt) Antiſthenes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cùm miraretur <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="quiſ-piã">quiſ<lb></lb>piam</expan>, quòd ſuis manibus per <expan abbr="forũ">forum</expan> ferret ſalſamentum; reſpondit. </s> <s>Mihi fero. </s> <s>Inſuper multi reges, <expan abbr="homi-neſq́">homi<lb></lb>neſque</expan>. </s> <s>beati ocij terendi cauſſa manib. ſuis aliqua condebant, veluti Demetrius machinas bellicas, vnde <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">πολιοκρὶτης</foreign> appellatus, qui tamen cùm ad <expan abbr="voluptatẽ">voluptatem</expan> ea ſtrueret, nihilominus dignitatem ſuam tutari <lb></lb>potuit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur Deus non alterius, ſed ſuiipſius gratia moliatur, non affert hoc <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> <expan abbr="humilitatẽ">humilitatem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Accedit eodem auctoritas ſummi doctoris qui 7. Polit. c. 3. vix Deum bene ſe habere poſſe cuì non ad<lb></lb>ſint <foreign lang="grc">ἐξωτερι καὶ πράξεις</foreign>: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vocat actiones externas. </s> <s>Sed tuentib. hypotheſes aſſumptas haud ope<lb></lb>roſum fuerit <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> exitum inuenire. </s> <s>Nam quod <expan abbr="dicit̃">dicitur</expan> Deum eſſe liberum, <expan abbr="gratiaq́">gratiaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſui ipſius agere, <lb></lb>optimè <expan abbr="aſſeueratũ">aſſeueratum</expan> puto, ſi vis eius ſententiæ perpendatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ſignificant actionem Dei ex <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5473"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alio nullo pendere; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quod in ſe efficiendi, <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> retineat: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt actionis genus, quod <expan abbr="alie-nũ">alie<lb></lb>num</expan> ſit ab ea quam vocamus <foreign lang="grc">ἐνέργειαν</foreign>, quæ tota ſui ſubiecti poſsit exiſtere, nec reſpicit aliud <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt <foreign lang="grc">πρᾶξις</foreign>, ſiue <foreign lang="grc">ποὶσις</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> hæc <expan abbr="requirãt">requirant</expan> efficiens; illa ſola ſubiecti eſſentia <expan abbr="cõtẽta">contenta</expan> ſit, aut eius natura <lb></lb>ſemper affixa, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in ſeparatis à materia, eadem cum eſſentia prorſus exiſtens. </s> <s>Nec aliud iis verbis <lb></lb>arbitror indicare, quàm quae actus ille puriſsimus ſit, quia ſemper actus, & ſemper in officio, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id. </s> <s>per <lb></lb>ſe ipſum: proinde ſumme ſimplex, & ſumme perfectus. </s> <s>quod in iis in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> actio vacat, aut aliunde <lb></lb><expan abbr="naſcit̃">naſcitur</expan>, ſit admixtio <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> poteſtatis, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> vel rei, vel ſaltem formalis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> talis natura penitus <lb></lb>affluat <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> bono. </s> <s>Id ergo eſt, quod eſt, & idem agit, & verè eſt quod agit. </s> <s>& ita ſui ipſius gratia, quia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>alterius; nec agit quòd ſit efficiens, & idcirco <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> contineat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò te terreat, quomi<lb></lb>nus ita Peripateticè ſentias, quia Deus aliquando non actus, ſed actu <expan abbr="dicat̃">dicatur</expan> eſſe ab Ariſtotele, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quaſi <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5474"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aliunde <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> habeat <expan abbr="mutuatũ">mutuatum</expan>, quod fortaſſe <expan abbr="cõtingeret">contingeret</expan>, ſi vim efficientis haberet; eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus <expan abbr="pẽderet">penderet</expan> <lb></lb>à fine: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> id quod actu eſt, <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> diſtare videtur ab actu, quantum id quod eſt ex alio, ab eo quod <lb></lb>per ſe eſt. </s> <s>tum quae Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> abuſus ſit iis vocibus actu, & potentia exprimens naturas ſimplices <lb></lb>nomine ſignificante <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan>, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quòd <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> partes in <expan abbr="cõpoſito">compoſito</expan> ſpectentur, quia ſint pars of<lb></lb>ficij, quod eſt totius ſuppoſiti. </s> <s>verbigratia, quod mutatur, & fit ignis, eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> ex materia & pri<lb></lb>uatione, propter quam eſt in potentia proxima, & eſt in potentia, non materia, ſed compoſitum: quare <pb pagenum="957"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5475"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm materia per ſe ſit ipſa poteſtas; attamen & poteſtate dicitur; ſic cùm Deus ſit mouens; motus ve<lb></lb>rò ſit in corpore cęleſti, vt primo per ſe mobili; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex duob. </s> <s>principiis ſuo more exiſtat; efficitur, <lb></lb>vt Deus quanuis actus; actu <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nominetur, vt pars eius <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan>, vel etiam dicere licet, dum Deum <lb></lb>dicimus <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, exprimere <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>; dum verò dicimus actu exponere modum quo eſt: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> prorſus alia <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> explicare <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, & <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> quo materia ſit, vbi <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, & poteſtate vocamus. </s> <s>Etenim <lb></lb>quòd actus eius eſſentia ſit, neceſſe eſt dicamus, niſi <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> eſſe velimus in Deo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> <lb></lb>inter ea quæ ſunt, <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſunt principia, nonnulla ex principiis, quæ ſanè conſtant ex principiis, ab ipſis <lb></lb><expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> habent quòd actu ſint: principia per ſe ipſa exiſtunt; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò vt actus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſſentia ſit <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> (principij <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5476"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> materiam nunc excludo, quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> aliquando fecit Ariſt.) Actus autem multiplex, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut tranſiens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5477"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, aut immanens, hic verò aut ab aduentitia forma naſcitur, aut intimus eſt, vt ex ipſo principio. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>vbi actus extra procedat, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> formam conſequatur <expan abbr="aduentitiã">aduentitiam</expan>, ab eſſentia diuerſus eſt: ille qui in<lb></lb>tus eſt, nec aliunde accerſitus eſt eſſentia. </s> <s>proptereà calefactio per quam calor ab igni ferro communi<lb></lb>catur, aliud eſt ab ignis eſſentia, & calere, quod iam ineſt in ferro conſimiliter; in igni verò calere eſt eſ<lb></lb>ſentia, & in anima viuere; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi vita <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> numeratur ex accidentibus <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> at eo modo <expan abbr="cenſendũ">cenſendum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5478"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt eam eſſe accidens, quemadmodum de functione docuimus olim multò magis in ea mente quæ non <lb></lb>aliunde impetrauit, vt intelligere, & intelligi poſſet; intelligere & intelligi ſunt eius eſſentia; in ipſo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5479"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>igitur Deo quod primum eſt, & primum ex intelligendis, actus ipſe prorſus erit eſſentia; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>primus. </s> <s>Proclus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> nimis ſtudens, partibus Platonis in eo lapſus eſt, quòd <expan abbr="amorẽ">amorem</expan> ponit <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> mun<lb></lb>di; eſt ſanè amor non <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> diſpoſitiuum ad <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> qui eſt eius eſſentia; cùm ſi mundi <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> functionem aduertas; <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> partem reſpiciat in qua ponitur aliquod <expan abbr="veſtigiũ">veſtigium</expan> poteſtatis: quandò <lb></lb>ſine amore non moueretur <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan>, nec gubernaretur vniuerſum, & ita concedimus <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ex Deo pen<lb></lb>dere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id eſt ex ipſo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex fine aptum eſſe, neque volumus vlterius extendi vim primi mouentis; <lb></lb><expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> oſtenſum eſt aliqua eſſe ingenita, quę in eo quòd ita ſint & formaliter à nullo pendere oporteat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec locus ex Ariſt. </s> <s>depromptus arguit <expan abbr="actionẽ">actionem</expan>, ſed diſciplinam; permittit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt diſcat aliqua ſeruilia, <lb></lb>vt ſciat imperare quæ <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> ſunt hominis, quatenus homo eſt. </s> <s>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quatenus mentis diuinæ particeps, <lb></lb>cui <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> rerum humilitas <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> maculam inurere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> Antiſthenes, aut Deme<lb></lb>trius ab Ariſt. </s> <s>laudarentur: cùm ſint hominis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> maiora officia. </s> <s>Actionem quoque exotericam Deo <lb></lb>tribuit Ariſtoteles, quòd in aliena methodo conſiderauit effectum, in ſubiecto in quo eſt: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus <lb></lb>actio cœli, vt docuit ipſe 2. de cœlo, non vt à quo: ibi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt energ<foreign lang="grc">ει</foreign>a & eſſentia. </s> <s>Ad Alexandrum verò <lb></lb>Simplicius, & Auerroës ita reſpondent; ab vno, quatenus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, multitudinem proximè deriuari <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſſe, ſed <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> primò, ſubindè alia ab ipſo <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ordine deduci: nunc ſi talis ordo ponatur; iam exiſtet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5480"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſe mundus. </s> <s>Addebat item Auerroës; vnum, quae appeteretur duntaxat ab vno, proficiſci, quòd ibi <lb></lb>vnum abſolutè ſit id, quod appetitur, <expan abbr="vnuſq́">vnuſque</expan>. </s> <s>appetendi modus, & idcirco vnum quod appetit. </s> <s>quapro<lb></lb>pter ex aduerſo, vbi plurib. modis appeti <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> poteſt, à multis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> expeti contingit. </s> <s>Sed hæc, quæ <lb></lb>adiecit ille Arabs ſigna ſunt potius, <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> cauſſæ; ſiquidem eò reſoluantur quod <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> non multò antè expo<lb></lb>ſuimus. </s> <s>Etenim ſic animans appetit, quemadmodum cognoſcit; cognoſcit verò per eſſentiam, vel per <lb></lb>ſpeciem; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>duplici de cauſſa contingit, vel quae facultas corporea ſit; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eget ſenſibus & aliqua per<lb></lb>turbatione præcedente, vel quòd obiectum ſit materiatum, & conditiones <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> habeat adnexas. </s> <s>Vbi <lb></lb>cogitatio per <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> fiat, & inſit in re <expan abbr="cõcipienda">concipienda</expan> varietas, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> notio varia <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> alio modo <expan abbr="con-cipiã">con<lb></lb>cipiam</expan> ego <expan abbr="Socratẽ">Socratem</expan>, ac tu: vtputa, tu <expan abbr="ſedentẽ">ſedentem</expan>; ego docentem, & variatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> modus appetendi: quapro<lb></lb>pter ego <expan abbr="doctorẽ">doctorem</expan> meum admirabor, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſectabor, quae accuratiſsimus, alter condiſcipulus, quae eloquentiſ<lb></lb>ſimus, & alij fortè, quae liberaliſsimus. </s> <s>Sed cùm Deus vt vnum, & per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> à cœlo <expan abbr="cõcipiatur">concipiatur</expan>, & facul<lb></lb>tas intelligendi non pendeat ex ſenſu; nec perturbatione præcedente egeat, vt vnum ab vno cognoſci<lb></lb>tur; ſic etiam fit, vt vnum ab vno appetatur. </s> <s>Hæc planè voluit Auerroës dicere. </s> <s>Verùm & hæc hacte<lb></lb>nus (fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt fallar) ad id valent, vt demonſtretur <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo ſemper appetitum ſe habere, in quo <lb></lb>ſenſu vſurpata fuit hæc <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ab ipſomet Ariſtotele, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & hic rationum progreſſus exiſtimandus eſt imper<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5481"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fectus, ſed cùm alia via perſpectum ſit <expan abbr="mundũ">mundum</expan> eſſe vnum; ex eo colligitur id item quod mouet vt ap<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5482"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>petendum, non niſi ab vno proximè expeti poſſe, aut phyſicè ſaltem. </s> <s>Verùm, ſiquis adhuc in priora <lb></lb>principia velit <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> demonſtrationem reſoluere; poterit ita progredi, & eius initia repetere de prima phi<lb></lb>loſophia ſic. </s> <s>Vnum eſt <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> modis, quod <expan abbr="expetit̃">expetitur</expan>. </s> <s>ergo & expetens vnum primò; ab vno <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quatenus <lb></lb>vnum primò non niſi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> exiſtere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, etiam in genere finis. </s> <s>Nam quod agit ex natura & per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſupremũ">ſupremum</expan> planè agit, & magis in propinquum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in remotum. </s> <s>Cùm igitur & expetendi, & expetentis <lb></lb>vires certis terminis auctore Ariſt. </s> <s>Non excedant, pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> interualli <expan abbr="expetẽdi">expetendi</expan> <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> varietur neceſſe eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>cùm verò quantum expeti <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, veriſimile item eſt expetatur, ne quid fruſtra ſit in natura: vnum verò <lb></lb>proximum eſſe queat: ab hoc igitur ſummè expetetur, ab aliis aliquantò remiſsius. </s> <s>Vnum etenim illi <lb></lb>proximum eſſe quod expetat, profectò videtur eſſe <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in reb. ſubiecto ſeparatis, quic<lb></lb>quid Platonici blaterent; vna <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſimpliciſsima forma exiſtit, aut ſi extiterit, ea eſt in mate<lb></lb>ria. </s> <s>Nam ſi plura ſunt quæ appetant ex <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ordine; numero <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> diſcrepabunt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſpecie con<lb></lb>uenient: ergo <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> forma erit in materia. </s> <s>Verùm quòd hęc forma eſt extra materiam: non igitur in <lb></lb>pluribus mundis: in vno verò in eius parte, in qua maximè viget eius operatio, quod eſt cœlum. </s> <s>ibi <lb></lb>igitur primò expetitur; mox ab iis quæ conſequuntur, per varios gradus, & ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> ex quo <expan abbr="mũ-dus">mun<lb></lb>dus</expan> exiſtit. </s> <s>Ex quo efficitur, vt vna actio perpetua, <expan abbr="prorſuſq́">prorſuſque</expan>. </s> <s>immutabilis, quia nulla ibi ſit alia fortui<lb></lb>ta mutatio <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>, aut loci, aut alicuius adiuncti quæ appetitum immutare ſolet; vniuerſa verò con <pb pagenum="958"></pb>tingere conſuerunt, vbi plura ſunt numero differentia ſub eadem ſpecie, & idcirco forma poſita in ma<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5483"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>teria. </s> <s>Quapropter cùm forma mundi ſit penitus exors materię; vnus ſit mundus neceſſe eſſ. </s> <s>atque ita <lb></lb>congruunt eſſe appetendum vnum, & id quod appetit identidem vnum. </s> <s>Non igitur ex eo, quòd <expan abbr="ap-petendũ">ap<lb></lb>petendum</expan> ſit vnum ſimpliciter & per ſe, <expan abbr="cõcluditur">concluditur</expan> vnum eſſe appetens, ſed ex hoc inſuper, quòd ſit for<lb></lb>ma extra materiam: proptereaque diuerſi appetitus vnius formæ naſcuntur à ſocietate materiæ ſenſilis; <lb></lb>addo verò in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ordine quae ab iis quæ ſunt alterius ordinis, idem diuerſis modis appeti non eſt incon<lb></lb>ueniens. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> credendum eſt, intelligentiam Saturni eodem modo appetere quo ponitur cœlum, <lb></lb>aut veluti mens Iouis, ſed hæc non ſunt ordinis eiuſdem. </s> <s>Quocirca ſic reſpondeo ad Alexandrum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vnus eſt finis, & vnum appetendum; ergo non neceſſariò appetens vnum. </s> <s>hæc valere, vbi <expan abbr="appetẽdum">appetendum</expan> <lb></lb>& appetens materia conſtent: nam variari contingit appetitum; verùm quia finis ille ſeparatus eſt, & <lb></lb>alia eſt materia cœli à noſtra, neque eiuſmodi, quæ numero multiplicetur; poteſt optimè concludi ex <lb></lb>vno fine vnum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſſe mundum, quia ſcilicet vnum primum appetens quod eſt cœlum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5466"></margin.target>a 3. p. </s> <s>Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5467"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5468"></margin.target>b 2. in Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5469"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5470"></margin.target>a Phornu<lb></lb>tus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5471"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5472"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5473"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5474"></margin.target>b 10. Met. <lb></lb>T. 30.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5475"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5476"></margin.target>a Plotinus <lb></lb>Enn. 3. lib. <lb></lb></s> <s>1. C. 1.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5477"></margin.target>b Marſilius <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="ei9">eius</expan> libri <lb></lb><expan abbr="argumẽto">argumento</expan>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5478"></margin.target>c 5. Met. <lb></lb>T. 22.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5479"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5480"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5481"></margin.target>d Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5482"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5483"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur ratio, qua Deus mouet cœlum ſpeciatim. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NVNC explicanda eſt ratio qua Deus mouet cœlum ſpeciatim. </s> <s>Omnia verò perbellè conficien<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5484"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur, ſi in eorum memoriam redeamus quæ generatim de fine, ac ſeorſum de cœlo <expan abbr="cõſtituta">conſtituta</expan> <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>: <lb></lb>nam cùm velimus cœlum eſſe animatum; ex <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> motus qui fit in animali, cuncta <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> analogia ſer<lb></lb>uata, aut certè explicari, aut propemodum attingi poterunt. </s> <s>Illud ſaltem conabimur, vt Ariſt. </s> <s>exemplo <lb></lb>nobis propoſito rem ediſſeramus: ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & hinc exordium cœpit euoluendi primordia motionis in eo <lb></lb>corpore. </s> <s>Quanuis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> libro ſuperiore, <expan abbr="aliiſq́">aliiſque</expan>. </s> <s>locis affatim cuncta expoſita fuerint; nihilominus <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmemorare">commemorare</expan> non grauabimur quòd in re tanti ponderis explananda prolixiores eſſe libet, & id com<lb></lb>mittere, vt iterata lectione lux afferatur potius <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> breuitate obſcuritas adiuuetur. </s> <s>Etenim meminiſti re<lb></lb>rum formas ad <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> noſtrum peruenire, & eſſe motus auctores, quatenus adiunctas habent ſenſiles <lb></lb>qualitates, vel per ſe, vel per accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> prius <foreign lang="grc">παθητικῶς</foreign>, & naturali <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> perturbatione <expan abbr="cõmo-uent">commo<lb></lb>uent</expan> corpus: mox pro <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> perturbationis, ſeu <expan abbr="cõmotionis">commotionis</expan> qua corpus aut <expan abbr="adducit̃">adducitur</expan> ad ſtatum <expan abbr="natu-ralẽ">natu<lb></lb>ralem</expan>, aut de ipſo deducitur; nonmodò res obiectas offerunt animo pernoſcendas, ſed iudicandas, & ex<lb></lb>petendas. </s> <s>Hîc incipit animi munus, cùm reliqua ſint corporis, ſiquidem ipſum quod eſt ſpecie ſine <lb></lb>materia <expan abbr="informatũ">informatum</expan> eſſe, eſt cognoſcere ex notitia perturbationis adiunctæ boni maliúe iudicium, à iu<lb></lb>dicio ſubinde appetitus; ex appetitu motus. </s> <s>Cùm verò nulla corporeæ perturbationis <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> præcedat <lb></lb>in motu cœleſti, nec ſpecies ei, quatenus ſenſilis offeratur priore illa perturbatione dimiſſa quam ſine <lb></lb>munere animę per ſeipſam natura præſtat, de altero <expan abbr="cõmotionis">commotionis</expan> genere dicamus quem ex anima naſci <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5485"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="cõpertum">compertum</expan> eſt. </s> <s>Porrò hîc anima <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> formis completa, quod ineſt boni maliúe <expan abbr="contẽplans">contemplans</expan>, & appetens, <lb></lb>ſuſcitatur, & ad <expan abbr="perſequendũ">perſequendum</expan> fugiendumúe compellitur; vbi primùm appetitus inſurgit, & <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <lb></lb>adſpirat, affert motionem <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> primo illi ſubiecto pro formæ <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> <expan abbr="calefaciẽs">calefaciens</expan>, aut frigefaciens: hinc <lb></lb>dilatans, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> reſtringens: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> commota pars illa quæ primò participat <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>, eodem propemodum <lb></lb>motu, quod ſolet eſſe munus corporei mouentis, agit <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> membrum in quo continetur, vtputa, cor. <lb></lb></s> <s>ab illo propter <expan abbr="coniunctionẽ">coniunctionem</expan> cętera <expan abbr="mẽbra">membra</expan> <expan abbr="commouẽtur">commouentur</expan>, prout tolerat eorum natura. </s> <s>Sunt igitur duo <lb></lb>motus qui poſt illum primum qui fit ex ſola natura, ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> efficiuntur; alter qui <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> eſt ſecundùm <lb></lb>locum, quo primum viuens agitatur; etenim ſic agitatur, vt eundem locum conſeruet, <expan abbr="ſolumq́">ſolumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſpatij <lb></lb><expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan> mutet, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> de plantis quæ augentur affixæ, & de metallis, dum cuduntur, ali<lb></lb>quando dicebat Ariſtoteles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> is ab Ariſt. </s> <s>potius ad <expan abbr="alterationẽ">alterationem</expan> refertur: eſt & ſecundus <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan> mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5486"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tus quo <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> locus, vel ex parte, vel ex toto mutatur; hic autem proprius eſt animalis. </s> <s>Sed enim, tametſi <lb></lb>efficit hoſce motus ipſa <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan>; nihilominus efficit eas naturaliter: etenim primus ille <expan abbr="cõcepta">concepta</expan> ſpecie pro<lb></lb>tinus exiſtit, quòd aliter fieri non poſsit, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motus ille in nob. </s> <s>poſitus eſt: quapropter æthici di<lb></lb>cere conſuerunt, primos motus in noſtra poteſtate non eſſe: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> talis ſit virtus animæ quæ habet <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, pręſtare taleis motus, non aliter àc forma ipſa in igni <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> afferat, vel <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, quia .ſ. </s> <s>conſequan<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5487"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tur <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> formam ſic, vt ipſa poſita abſoluta, niſi quæ cauſſa grauior obſtiterit, quies exiſtat eo plane mo<lb></lb>do, & per id cauſſæ genus quod formæ conuenire longè prius à nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="expoſitũ">expoſitum</expan> eſt, vbi docuimus, quem<lb></lb>admodum motus & quies ab elementorum forma naſcatur. </s> <s>Idcirco legimus apud Ariſtotelem. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5488"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>“Principium motus in agendo, quod <expan abbr="perſequendũ">perſequendum</expan>, & fugiendum. </s> <s>Sed, vt diximus, hoc ipſius eſt finis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ex neceſsitate <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="conſequunt̃">conſequuntur</expan> intellectionem, & <expan abbr="imaginationẽ">imaginationem</expan> horum caliditas, & frigiditas.” nempè, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> perſequenda, & fugienda ſint iucunda, & moleſta, his verò inhæreant calidum & frigidum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Igitur motus ille non ſpeciei <expan abbr="naturæq́">naturæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolius, non animæ ſolius, ſed animę per <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, & ex neceſsitate, <lb></lb>quatenus <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> ſequitur ille motus in corpore ſubiecto ea ratione qua eſt forma. </s> <s>alter etiam motus <lb></lb>eſt ex natura, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quia natum aptum eſt <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> conſtitutorum ſic facere ſuum opus, vt hoc intu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5489"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>meſcere, illud flecti, aliud volui, quemadmodum fit in ciuitate bene legib. inſtituta in qua, cùm ſemel <lb></lb>conſtiterit ordo, nihil opus eſt ſeparato monarcha quem ſingulis quæ fiunt, adeſſe oporteat, ſed <expan abbr="vnuſ-quiſq.">vnuſ<lb></lb>quiſque</expan> ciuis facit officium ſuum, vt <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="fitq́">fitque</expan>. </s> <s>hoc poſt hoc, vt lex iubet, & ratio viuendi requi<lb></lb>rit; idem fit in animali, ſed quod in ciuitate fit ex conſuetudine; in animali fit ex natura partium. <lb></lb></s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> proptereà dicitur <foreign lang="grc">αὐτοδίδακτον</foreign>. </s> <s>ſic ergo ordo politicus in animalium motibus apparet, & <expan abbr="quanquã">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5490"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ordo hic pulcherrimus in animali conſtitutione videtur eſſe neceſſarius: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſe eſt in natura exi<lb></lb>ſtant, vt flagitat <expan abbr="officiorũ">officiorum</expan> nexus; hoc eſt, illa ſint prius quibus ſine cętera eſſe non poſſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita inſti <pb pagenum="959"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5491"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuta, vt poſterioribus ſeruire queant, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> gratia priora eſſe ſolent; attamen euidentiſsimè apparet in<lb></lb>genitis & abſolutis. </s> <s>Ordo igitur <expan abbr="membrorũ">membrorum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> officiorum, & ille quidem ex natura. </s> <s>Conuerte mo<lb></lb>dò te ad cęlum. </s> <s>Eſt ibi primum mouens qui Deus eſt, omnino immobilis & per ſe, & per accidens; res <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> pulcherrima, & præſtantiſsima <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> ſui deſiderium cunctis afferat, cuius gratia ſunt, & agunt <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ ſunt ab ipſo. </s> <s>Adeſt cœlum quod iam ſtatuimus animatum; ergo facultas in primis <expan abbr="concipiẽs">concipiens</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> pulchritudinem, ſubinde appetens, & quæ poſtmodò <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> ſtruat ad ea pulchritudine fruendum: hæc <lb></lb>verò motus ipſe eſt. </s> <s>Verùm ſicut inter nos, & cęlum exiſtit analogia <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>; ſic ſimile & diuerſum vnà <lb></lb>intercedant neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Hæc profectò videntur eſſe in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> motu <expan abbr="cõmunia">communia</expan>: ibi .ſ. </s> <s>præſto eſſe quod <lb></lb>moueat immobile permanens; id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod mouet, & mouetur per accidens; anima nimirum quà in<lb></lb>telligit, & quà appetit, tum tertiò, quia cùm ſit facultas corporis, quà per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> ad eius <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <expan abbr="mouet̃">mouetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>prætereà, quae mouet ex imperio quod habet naturaliter in id quod mouetur, vbi ſit informata <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> ex pe<lb></lb>tendarum formis. </s> <s>Accedit his, quae in animali <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> prima pars eſt, quæ cùm ſit magnitudo, vim habet <lb></lb>mouendi vt efficiens, à qua <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> motus cęteris partibus adnexis, & toti <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> per ipſas, hanc <lb></lb>in cœlo <expan abbr="dextrã">dextram</expan> partem eſſe poſuimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ea <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> conſimilia, quæ <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, vt cœlum animal <expan abbr="appellet̃">appelletur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Specta nunc varietatem inter illius <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, & noſtrum exordire à principio mouente: illud eſt mouens <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> immobile; quare mouet ſemper <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> modo, ſemper eſt perfectum; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſemper agit corpus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5492"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cœleſte ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſuã">ſuam</expan> naturam, cùm ſit forma extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, non poteſt agere niſi vnum eſt cœlum, <lb></lb>ſpecies igitur vna motus, & ad <expan abbr="numerũ">numerum</expan> vna <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõtinua">continua</expan>: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> verò cum mouens, tum mobile <lb></lb>æterna ponuntur; perpetuus item motus inde exoritur. </s> <s>Quæ nos mouent, cùm mobilia ſint, neque <lb></lb>eodem modo, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſemper mouent, cùm varia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſint; nos etiam multis modis agunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> faciunt <lb></lb>vnum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> numero, verùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſpecie differente, quia mouens ſæpe, & mobile caduca ſunt, deficit <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>noſter hic motus. </s> <s>Primum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouens nulla ſenſili qualitate affectum eſt. </s> <s>illud etiam corpus nul<lb></lb>li affectioni quæ <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan> afferat, eſt obnoxium: ergo per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſolam concipitur, & appetitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <lb></lb>mentem <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> mouet. </s> <s>nullius item actionis corporeæ beneficio pulchritudinem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> ſuam admirandam <lb></lb>orbi oſtentat: quocirca <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in ea <expan abbr="cõprehenſione">comprehenſione</expan> requiritur vlla abſtractio. </s> <s>Quę nos mouent, cum ſen<lb></lb>ſilibus formis iuncta ſunt, vel per ſe vel per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, nos ij ſumus qui afficiamur; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> organa primùm <lb></lb>à ſpecie ad <expan abbr="qualitatẽ">qualitatem</expan> <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> patibilem immutantur, & ſenſus ſubſequitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> compre<lb></lb>henſio, & appetitus exiſtere poſſunt, ſed ſpeciem <expan abbr="ſociã">ſociam</expan> flagitant: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ad intelligendum aliqua abſtra<lb></lb>ctione opus eſt. </s> <s>Deo <expan abbr="cõcepto">concepto</expan> & expetito <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> mouet in orbem, & quanuis ibi ſit primum quod agitur; <lb></lb>nihilominus efficit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> motum, quo totum ſimul <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> inſtanti concitatur, & voluitur in orbem, qua<lb></lb>libet eius parte eò redeunte, vnde moueri cœpit propter admirabilem <expan abbr="nexũ">nexum</expan> partium, qui ſphæricę figu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5493"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ræ comitatur; quapropter etſi totum mouetur, non tamen mutat locum, & manet <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> formam, <lb></lb>cùm moueatur ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Ibi igitur organorum affectio nulla; nulla perpeſsio, ſeu pertur<lb></lb>batio quæ ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> primæ illi parti incutiatur, ſed planè titillatio, & exultatio ſiue impulſus, ſiue quouis <lb></lb>alio vocabulo gaudet, hoc à nobis nuncupatum ſit: etenim rem <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> apud nos nouo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> ex primam <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt; quanuis apud Platonicos choreæ <expan abbr="tripudiiq́">tripudiique</expan>. </s> <s>nomen inuenerit; hęc inquàm commotio quę <lb></lb>primum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tempore ſanè, ſed natura duntaxat excitatur in prima <expan abbr="præcipuaq́">præcipuaque</expan>. </s> <s>parte primi mobilis, & <lb></lb>eſt prima pars conuerſionis, ſi quo pacto <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> primam partem in perpetuo vel ſucceſsiuo ponere poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>In nobis <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> forma concepta primum viuens alterauit, efficit <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> nec <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ſecundùm locum, ſed <lb></lb>qualitatem; qui longè differt à motu partium; quandò fieri non videatur <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> inſtanti propter <expan abbr="diſiun-ctionẽ">diſiun<lb></lb>ctionem</expan> partium quæ mouentur; vnde nec <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> neceſſariò concitatur propter pugnam <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> obiectarum, <lb></lb>quae ſi <expan abbr="concitat̃">concitatur</expan>, mutat <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, nonmodò ſecundùm formam, verùm etiam ſecundùm materiam. </s> <s>Summum <lb></lb>hoc <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> fit vnum cum eo quod mouetur non ſecundùm <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <foreign lang="grc">παθητικῶς</foreign>, ſed <foreign lang="grc">εἰδικῶς, & <lb></lb>νοητὠς</foreign>. </s> <s>cętera <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> reſpiciunt, & quanuis ab <expan abbr="aĩa">anima</expan> noſtra ſine materia concipiantur; at aliqua facul<lb></lb>tas agens <expan abbr="deſiderat̃">deſideratur</expan>, quæ ſegreget à materiæ conditionibus. </s> <s>Itaque ſimilis eſt notio Dei in cœlo, noſtræ <lb></lb>intelligentiæ, cùm bonum per ſe ipſum citra <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> reſpectum actionis cogitatur; in eo diſcrepat, quòd <lb></lb><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> notionem motus ex neceſsitate ſequitur; vnum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetendum, nec illi <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> repugnat; in nob. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5494"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non item: ibi expetitur per ſe ipſum <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>; hic afficit <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> quoquomodo, vt expetatur. </s> <s>Ex quo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>fit vt in nobis efficacitas finis ſeparetur ab ea quæ conuenit efficienti; cùm res extra nos eſt, aut ſpeciei <lb></lb>ſtat <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> quam ipſa formauit; intra nos <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> finis ſpecies concepta ſub <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> boni; efficiens verò <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> <lb></lb>primùm per <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſpeciem boni quam anteà non cępit: in cęlo nulla adeſt <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> primi efficientis, ſed Deus <lb></lb>per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſuam ſuppeditat; ſiquidem nullum aliud munus ad ſeſe <expan abbr="offerendũ">offerendum</expan> animæ cœleſti pulcher<lb></lb>rimum, & <expan abbr="admirãdum">admirandum</expan>, niſi ſola ipſius præſentia flagitetur. </s> <s>alterum efficiens quod intra cœlum eſt, ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò requiritur quod per Dei <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan> quæ ſeſe prodit ibi, ad eo <expan abbr="fruendũ">fruendum</expan> excitatur, mox ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>; <lb></lb>at natura ſecum agit reliquas parteis, ac memineris cùm ſit in nobis duplex mouens obiectum, & ſpe<lb></lb>cies eius, anima & primum viuens, & obiectum quidem vt quod, ſpecies per quod ex parte finis, effi<lb></lb>cientis verò nomine anima per quod, primum viuens vt quod, in cœlo idem prorſus eſſe obiectum <lb></lb>quod mouet, & per quod mouet cętera eſſe conſimilia.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5484"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5485"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5486"></margin.target>a 1. de Ge.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5487"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5488"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>an.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5489"></margin.target>c Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>anim. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5490"></margin.target>d Galenus <lb></lb>in libro an <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> part. ſi<lb></lb>mul <expan abbr="ĩ">in</expan> vtero <lb></lb>gignuntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5491"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5492"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5493"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5494"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reprehenduntur argumenta quæ pro altera parte problematis illius afferebantur qua Deum <lb></lb>probabatur mouere, vt efficiens. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HIS arbitror ſatis aptè patefactum eſſe, vt primum mouens moueat <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> finis, & vt prima efficien<lb></lb>di ratio non in Deo, ſed in anima ponenda ſit quam tametſi <expan abbr="corporeã">corpoream</expan> facultatem non negamus; <pb pagenum="960"></pb>non idcirco vetemur, aut <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> non <expan abbr="moturã">moturam</expan>, aut in non tempore: illuc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> refugiendum tibi per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5495"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>petuò, fore hoc peculiare virtutis quæ per ſe moueret; non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ab alio moueretur, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>de hac vir<lb></lb>tute dicendum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id quod ad Scotum de cœleſti corpore diximus, nec verendum illud, quominus ef<lb></lb>ficiendi vis adſit, cùm habilitas in corpore illo beatiſsimo ponatur: talis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> redditur ab ea ſpecie, qua <lb></lb>informata eſt, tan. </s> <s>etſi ſpecies ab eſſentia non <expan abbr="diſtinguit̃">diſtinguitur</expan> in ea quæ veluti eos illa eſt, quæ tametſi exors <lb></lb>eſt ſecandi ferrum; tamen acutum reddit: ita forma mentis in eo corpore concepta per <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <expan abbr="faculta-tẽ">faculta<lb></lb>tem</expan> mouendi animæ inſerit, licèt ipſa ob <expan abbr="ſummã">ſummam</expan> excellentiam quod abeſt materia, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mouere, vt effi<lb></lb>ciens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> moueri poſsit. </s> <s>Ab his ergo reuertamur ad <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> oppoſitas, & experiamur <expan abbr="quãtnm">quantum</expan> <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> opponunt primo loco. </s> <s>Vbi adeſt poteſtas ad repugnantia, ibi eſſe verum efficiens; in cœlo autem <lb></lb>eſſe eiuſmodi poteſtatem. </s> <s>Certè ad hanc <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> primùm reſpondere oportet adhibita diſtinctione ve<lb></lb>ri efficientis: etenim illud verè efficit, quod immutat qualitatem; ab hoc quod ſubſtantiam gignit, nec<lb></lb>non id quod mouet ſecundùm <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> de poteſtate traducit ad actum, modo mouea<lb></lb>tur, dum mouet, ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> quicquid eſt principium motus, (omitto materiam) & <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> generaliter <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõplecti">complecti</expan> formam & finem. </s> <s>Quapropter quòd vbi adſit poteſtas quæ repugnantia reſpiciat, ibi ſit effi<lb></lb>ciens: ſi detur, <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo efficiens accipiatur, id planè verum eſt, ſi preſsius accipiatur efficiens <lb></lb>id quod aſſumitur, non eſt neceſſariò verum, & ſat eſt, ſi efficiens habuerit quod pertineat ad illud ge<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5496"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nus in quo eſt repugnantia, veluti ſi fuerit in prædicamento ipſius vbi, erit mouens tantum de loco, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>alterans, aut generans, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> prius audiueris ita valere hæc, generat, aut alterat; ergo mouet de loco, <lb></lb>non contrà mouet de loco; alterat igitur, aut generat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dabo illud, cùm in cœlo ſit poteſtas ad re<lb></lb>pugnantia: ibi quoque efficiens eſſe quod reſpiciat illud repugnantiæ genus: proptereà cùm ea repu<lb></lb>gnantia reſpiciat ſolùm categoriam ipſius vbi; <expan abbr="concedã">concedam</expan> eſſe, quod de loco moueat; generans verò, aut <lb></lb>alterans nullo pacto. </s> <s>Deinde ad alterum illud caput, vbi inferunt hoc mouens eſſe Deum: ego hîc il<lb></lb>lud efficiens <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> eſſe negabo, aut <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, atque <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ſeparatam, ſed efficiens primum <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe fatebor, <expan abbr="poſtq̈">poſtquam</expan> ſpeciem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> præſtantiſsimi boni accepit, quę per <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> <expan abbr="conceptã">conceptam</expan> imperium habet in <lb></lb>partes eius corporis, aut potius dicam primum <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan>, <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ſpecies oblata ipſi placuerit: idcirco vi<lb></lb>tium conſequentis in argumento latere fatebor. </s> <s>Obiiciunt etiam à Deo <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> bonitatem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="il-lã">il<lb></lb>lam</expan> quidem per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>motum efficere, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> efficiens eſſe. </s> <s>fatemur autem nos <expan abbr="boni-tatẽ">boni<lb></lb>tatem</expan> quidem à Deo <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan>, ſed vt ab efficiente, id verò negamus. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> bonitas per motum <expan abbr="cõ-municatur">con<lb></lb>municatur</expan>, & motus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> à Deo pendet, non ob id <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan> ab eo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficiente, nec motus ab eo <lb></lb>proximè deſcendit, & hîc etiam eadem <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> fallaciæ ſubeſt: nam bonitas ab efficiente quidem commu<lb></lb>nicatur: at non <expan abbr="cõmeat">commeat</expan> id, quicquid <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> <expan abbr="cõmunicat">communicat</expan>, eſſe efficiens; cùm item à fine communicari <lb></lb>poſsit. </s> <s>addo etiam, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>auctore Proclo, à materia, cùm aliquo pacto & ipſa <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <foreign lang="grc">σιωαίτιον</foreign>, & cauſſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5497"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conficiens, vel adiuuans ad id quod res ſit, concurrat: eſſe autem ſit bonum. </s> <s>Addebatur prætereà, for<lb></lb>mas ſeparatas à materia mouere <expan abbr="bifariã">bifariam</expan>, vt finem .ſ. </s> <s>& vt efficiens: at id eſt petere id quod probandum <lb></lb>eſt, quod ſanè eſt in argumento vitium maximum. </s> <s>Et cùm formæ quæ mouent, vt expetendæ, vel mo<lb></lb>ueant per eſſentiá ſuam, vel per ſpecies, ſiue propter obiecti <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ſeu facultatis concipientis, vt aſſero <lb></lb>eas quæ <expan abbr="mouẽt">mouent</expan> per ſpecies, <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſubire & efficientis, & finis: ita nego eas quæ per eſſentiam <lb></lb><expan abbr="concipiunt̃">concipiuntur</expan>, mouere vt efficiens; eo verò modo confitemur Deum mouere cœlum. </s> <s>Proinde forma ſe<lb></lb>parata dupliciter mouet, ſi per <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> moueat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm Deus moueat per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, non mouet dupli<lb></lb>citer. </s> <s>Sed quia veterum <expan abbr="ſcriptorũ">ſcriptorum</expan> auctoritatem, & <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> apud quos <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> fides ſumma eſt, contemnere ne<lb></lb>fas eſſe duco: attende obſecro, vt id & defendi poſsit, & nobis obſtet nihil. </s> <s>Cùm primum animatum ef<lb></lb>ficiat <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, quatenus ſpecie boni <expan abbr="informat̃">informatur</expan>; in cœlo verò ſpecies <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> intercedat, ſed <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> per <expan abbr="eſsẽtiam">eſsentiam</expan> <lb></lb>cum primo animato copuletur; hinc <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> eſt, vt vis efficiendi bono ipſi quod Deus eſt, tribuatur. </s> <s>re<lb></lb>uera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primum <expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> moueat, ſed gratia finis, ſicut artifex mouet per <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> formam <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> quam in <lb></lb>mente concepit, ſed tamen eius gratia mouet. </s> <s>Vt in hoc igitur forma concepta finis eſt, & <expan abbr="quodãmo-do">quodammo<lb></lb>do</expan> <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quod efficit motum; reuera <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> artifex eſt ille qui mouit; ſic de Deo dici poſſe videtur, <lb></lb>ſi vim efficiendi ipſi liceat aſsignate. </s> <s><expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> etiam reſolui ea cauſſa motus in anima <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, qui per obie<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5498"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="ctũ">ctum</expan> deſcribatur. </s> <s>Cùm obiicitur itidem finem ſignificare agens neceſſariò. </s> <s>Concedimus id ſimpliciter: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vbi ponimus finem; ibi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> damus efficiens. </s> <s>At non credimus idcirco <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> fore <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, & efficiens, <lb></lb>ſed <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> dicimus eſſe primum mouens; efficiens <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> primum <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> quæ per <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> boni <expan abbr="conceptã">conceptam</expan> agi<lb></lb>tat <expan abbr="cœlũ">cœlum</expan>, & quod appetit, & <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> in mouendo mouetur, aut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi magis propriè loqui velis, primum <lb></lb><expan abbr="animatũ">animatum</expan> quam in cœlo <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> dextram conſtituimus. </s> <s>Hoc igitur motus <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> dicimus, ſiue <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> or<lb></lb>tus ſit motus, ſeu cœpiſſe fingatur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi perpetuus eſt; <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> tamen terminis <expan abbr="claudit̃">clauditur</expan>, vt die <lb></lb>& hora, & hoc vel illo cœli <expan abbr="pũcto">puncto</expan>. </s> <s>ne fortè verearis ibi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> adeſſe verè efficiens, quia functio ſit immor<lb></lb>talis: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quatenus immortalis eſt, & <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> temporis finibus excedit, efficiens verè non habet, ſed cùm <lb></lb><expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> pars illius finita ſit; optimè efficiens illi <expan abbr="tribuet̃">tribuetur</expan>. </s> <s>eodem modo, cùm de perpetuitate motus age<lb></lb>remus contra Philoponum; docuimus in <expan abbr="cõuerſione">conuerſione</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mobile motui præire: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> præceſsio <lb></lb>hæc erat ad vniuerſum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, ſed ad ſingulas eius, <expan abbr="certaſq́">certaſque</expan>. </s> <s>portiones. </s> <s>Quamobrem nec ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſeparatã">ſeparatam</expan> confugiendum eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> formidandum, ne ſit ibi verum efficiens. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de pro<lb></lb>greſſu demonſtrationis illius, quæ 8. Phyſ. allata eſt, vbi ex eo, quòd <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> foret actu ſimul, & poteſtate, <lb></lb>probatum eſt <expan abbr="aſcendendũ">aſcendendum</expan> eſſe ad vnum mouens primum quod prorſus immobile ſit; <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>ſupponi <lb></lb>primum mouens <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> efficiens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> neceſſarium, neque verum puto, quia tametſi ponitur mouere <lb></lb>vt finis; nihilominus idem ſequitur, ac ſi ſtatuatur mouere, vt efficiens: etenim mouet tanquam actu, <pb pagenum="961"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5499"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& mouetur, vt in potentia; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſimul erit actu & potentia. </s> <s>quod planè abſurdum eſt. </s> <s>Et quantum <lb></lb>pertinet ad ſenſum illius <expan abbr="demõſtrationis">demonſtrationis</expan> quæ longo progreſſu <expan abbr="concludit̃">concluditur</expan> ad extremum 8. Phyſ. audiſti <lb></lb>prius, quid mihi placeat, & <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> nihil ei repugnet, quòd vt finis motus cœleſtis <expan abbr="ibidẽ">ibidem</expan> <expan abbr="quoq́">quoque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſpectetur. </s> <s>Cùm ſubiicitur etiam fieri poſſe, vt ab <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> motuum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> perpetua ſucceſsione <expan abbr="cõficiat̃">conficiatur</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>, quo concluditur <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mouens æternum eſſe, & à materia ſeparatum: ad hoc aliàs <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt propter D. <expan abbr="Thomã">Thomam</expan>, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi fieri poſſe datur: at ad modùm <expan abbr="oportunũ">oportunum</expan> diſſoluere <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> motus in <expan abbr="la-tionẽ">la<lb></lb>tionem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> eius quam docuimus eſſe <expan abbr="conuerſionẽ">conuerſionem</expan>, quia cùm vna, continua, <expan abbr="perpetuaq́">perpetuaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, indicat <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>vnum mouens eſſe, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> æternum, & indiuiduum. </s> <s>Quando <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> demonſtratur Deum <lb></lb>non eſſe in magnitudine, & <expan abbr="accipit̃">accipitur</expan> ibi <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> efficiens, ne tranſitus fiat ab vno genere cauſſæ ad aliud, <lb></lb>quid hoc abſurdi eſt, aut quid iudicij, quaſi verò nob. </s> <s>id <expan abbr="negatũ">negatum</expan> ſit, & aliqua regula analytica peruer<lb></lb>tatur: immo ex eo, quòd mouet extra <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, <expan abbr="efficientẽ">efficientem</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> ipſam non eſſe colligitur, <expan abbr="quem-admodũ">quem<lb></lb>admodum</expan> ſunt corporeæ virtutes, ſed <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, ſicut ex eo quod mouet, cùm ſit extra <expan abbr="magnitudinẽ">magnitudinem</expan>, conclu<lb></lb>ditur ipſum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſubiici naturali philoſophię, ſed primę, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alia via vſus <expan abbr="vnquã">vnquam</expan> eſt Ariſt. </s> <s>ad concluden<lb></lb>dum <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> mouere vt <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> <expan abbr="mẽtio">mentio</expan> de hac reinciderit, ſiue in phyſicis, ſeu in prima philoſophia. <lb></lb></s> <s>quare qui ita opponunt, nihil <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> dicunt. </s> <s>Vbi verò <expan abbr="diuidunt̃">diuiduntur</expan> <expan abbr="mouẽtia">mouentia</expan> in phyſica, & phyſicè, dicimus <lb></lb><expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> non eſſe <expan abbr="diſtributionẽ">diſtributionem</expan> mouentis vniuocè, ſed vt ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> quæ & peruerè efficiens, & finem pertinere <lb></lb>poſsit. </s> <s>Non ſequitur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Deum fore otioſum, niſi moueat vt efficiens; immò ſic mouet ſine labore. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5500"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illud certè periculoſum eſſet, ſi moueret vt efficiens; ne inter <expan abbr="mouendũ">mouendum</expan> laboraret; néue mouendo mo<lb></lb>ueretur, ac fortè ne infinitæ virtutis eſſet, & in non <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> moueret, aut nequando ceſſaret, quia ſic vir<lb></lb>tus corporea foret. </s> <s>ac ſi ex <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> perfectione quæ nos in mundo veneramur, eius <expan abbr="præſtantiã">præſtantiam</expan> æſtimare <lb></lb>poſſumus; ex ocio <expan abbr="maieſtatẽ">maieſtatem</expan> iudicare cogimur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & Reges ſummo cum ocio gubernant; cura, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="negociũ">negocium</expan> eſt <expan abbr="miniſtrorũ">miniſtrorum</expan>, nec aſtra per ſe <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, ſed ab orbibus, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> principes in regio ſolio <expan abbr="vehunt̃">vehuntur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>At id poſteà planius fiet. </s> <s>Habent verò hæc <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> finis, vt optimè perſpicias id quod ita agit, dum <lb></lb>mouet, ocioſum eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> moueri, ſed immobile <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> permanere. </s> <s>eſſe autem fines eos in <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> pote<lb></lb>ſtate ſunt regna & Tyrannides, docet ipſe Ariſtoteles: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. <foreign lang="grc">τὸ ἡγούμενον</foreign> retulit ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5501"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gratia agitur, quicquid agitur, ac ſępe vt <expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan> ad <expan abbr="exẽplar">exemplar</expan>, ſic ſeruientia referuntur ad imperantia, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> illi ſunt propter nos, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> ab iis ſalus, ac conſeruatio noſtra proficiſcitur. </s> <s>Quanquam neque <lb></lb>ocioſum <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> ita <expan abbr="agentẽ">agentem</expan> ſuſpicari conuenit: quandò <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> habeat functionem quę pulcherrima <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, nempè <expan abbr="cõtemplationẽ">contemplationem</expan> ſui ipſius, & id præſtat, vt ſeipſum reliquis obiiciendo, <expan abbr="ſuiq́">ſuique</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> iniicien<lb></lb>do cuncta retineat in officio, non ſecus àc ſeditioſos ciueis ſola regis pręſentia <expan abbr="cõprimat">comprimat</expan>, & ita imperet, <lb></lb>dirigat, & gubernet, prout ipſis melius euenire <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Ociari <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> illa dicuntur quæcunque non obeunt ea <lb></lb>munia quæ conuenientia <expan abbr="propriaq́">propriaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſunt ſuæ naturæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> cùm Dei ſui ipſius gratia ſit, nec ſe per ali<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5502"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> praxin aſſequatur, ſed per <expan abbr="contemplationẽ">contemplationem</expan> ſolam, immò perpetuò potiatur; reliqua ipſi ex natura <lb></lb>ſeruiant; ab iis nulla efficiendi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> in Deo deſideranda eſt. </s> <s>Cùm adſcribunt in <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan> genere cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ <expan abbr="aſcendendũ">aſcendendum</expan> eſſe ad aliquod <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan>: fateor <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan>, & in cauſsis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> modi, & vt ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="mate-riã">mate<lb></lb>riam</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quod & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> eſſe dicimus, & Deum eſſe <expan abbr="cõfitemur">confitemur</expan>, quo ſiſtit curſus <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> cauſſarum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> do ſpeciatim <expan abbr="veniendũ">veniendum</expan> eſſe ad efficiens primum: Deum verò illud eſſe per<lb></lb>nego, ſed planè cœlum, aut <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> cœli. </s> <s>Nec illud obſtat quod ab <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> cauſſæ definitione ſumitur; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> communiter accipitur à quo, vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> pertinere <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> ad finem, & generaliter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quatenus effecti <expan abbr="cu-iuſq́">cu<lb></lb>iuſque</expan>. </s> <s>pendentia, ſeu proceſſus à ſua cauſſa ſignificatur, quod <expan abbr="vnicuiq́">vnicuique</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſæ tribui <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>In cęlo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="totidẽ">totidem</expan> principia numerantur, quot in caducis, ſed <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſunt analogicè, nihil vniuocè. </s> <s>Anaxagoras <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>laudatur, quòd extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ponat aliud <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quod efficiat, & quia ſtatuat <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſubiecto diſcrepantem cum eo conſentienter quod à nobis olim de natura efficientis <expan abbr="conclusũ">conclusum</expan> <lb></lb>fuit, quòd ſi illud ad ſpectandum proponatur, an'ne mens efficiens verè ſit, an finis, fortè non ita cele<lb></lb>bretur Anaxagoras.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5495"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5496"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5497"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5498"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5499"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5500"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5501"></margin.target>a 5. Met. <lb></lb>c.1. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Polit. c. <lb></lb>vltimo.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5502"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alię Latinorum rationes perpenduntur quibus confirmatur etiam Deum eſſe cauſſam <lb></lb>efficientem. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5503"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5503"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SATIS de motu dictum eſt, & oſtenſum Peripateticè <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> ita mouere, vt finem. </s> <s>conuertamus mo<lb></lb>dò nos ad ſubſtantias ipſas quæ pendent ex Deo, ſiue immortales habeantur, ſiue caducæ, & eiuſ<lb></lb>modi, vt ex poteſtate per <expan abbr="tranſmutationẽ">tranſmutationem</expan> traducantur ad actum. </s> <s>Profectò quos creatio latuit, non in<lb></lb>iuria potuit hæc quæſtio pungere, ſit'ne Deus efficiens: at apud illos quibus creatio perſpicuè notuit; <lb></lb>nihil clarius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> ſimul eſſe <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, <expan abbr="primaſq́">primaſque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſas in <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> genere in <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> prorſus recidere. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> via <expan abbr="rationeq́">rationeque</expan>. </s> <s>naturali creatio (niſi fallor) concludi nequit; fit, vt credamus <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nullam <lb></lb>ſuppetere <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> naturalem quæ monſtret neceſſariò, Deum eſſe cauſſam efficientem. </s> <s>Quapropter <lb></lb>exploremus nunc reliquas <expan abbr="rõnes">rationes</expan> quæ à Latinis ad idem afferuntur. </s> <s>Tres verò in medio ponuntur; his <lb></lb>adſcribitur corollarium quibus propoſitum peragatur: etenim principio dicunt. </s> <s>Id quod non habet ef<lb></lb>ficiens, ex ſe exiſtere, non ex alio. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ex ſe exiſtit, propter ſe eſſe, non propter aliud. </s> <s>Quod verò eſt <lb></lb>huiuſmodi, carere fine. </s> <s>Ergo quod non habet efficiens, caret fine. </s> <s>Sed mentium inferiorum quidam <lb></lb>finis eſt; ergo & efficiens. </s> <s>Finis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Deus eſt. </s> <s>At cùm præter Deum nulla alia <expan abbr="ipſarũ">ipſarum</expan> cauſſa eſſe queat: <lb></lb>certè <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Deus ipſe erit efficiens. </s> <s>Rurſus eadem eſt eſſentiæ <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> & functionis quæ illi eſſentiæ comita<lb></lb>tur, vt pari prorſus gradu procedere videantur. </s> <s>ſic ſi functio propter ſe, & <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> itidem ſequitur, vt ſit <pb pagenum="962"></pb>propter ſe, ac ſi functio propter aliud, & <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> conſimiliter, & viciſsim quoque propter ſe eſt, & propter <arrow.to.target n="marg5504"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe operatur. </s> <s>eſt propter aliud; operatur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> propter aliud. </s> <s>Quòd aut ab alio ſit <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> res, ita eſt, vt ab ef<lb></lb>ficiente: operari <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> propter aliud, vt à fine: proinde ſi operatur propter aliud, & identidem propter aliud <lb></lb>eſt; habet id vnà cauſſas <expan abbr="vtraſq.">vtraſque</expan> ſimul efficientem, & finem. </s> <s>Sed mentibus inferioribus obiicetur finis, <lb></lb>propter quem operantur, ergo & habent efficiens, vnde ſit: atqui præter Deum O. M. alia cauſſa nulla <lb></lb>ipſis adeſt, ergo neceſſe eſt, vt ipſe Deus <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> cauſſæ vicem repręſentet. </s> <s>Tertiò fingamus nunc <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> <lb></lb>intermittere ſuum munus. </s> <s>Quæro vtrum'ne mens in ſuo ſtatu permaneat, nec'ne. </s> <s>Si negaris; iam er<lb></lb>go pendet ex ipſo Deo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> efficiente; ſi dederis; ex ipſo igitur nullo modo apta eſt, quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pendet <lb></lb>ex alio, ſublato illo, ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vnà tollatur oportet: at hìc non tollitur; per ſe igitur eſt: non ergo <lb></lb>pendet à Deo: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pendet: Deus igitur eius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cauſſa efficiens eſt. </s> <s>Ex his verò <expan abbr="conſequit̃">conſequitur</expan> <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> <lb></lb>penitus eſſe rem, <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> <expan abbr="vltimũ">vltimum</expan>, & efficiens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, quod item ſic approbari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Sit Deus efficiens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>, <lb></lb>id aut propter ſe eſt, aut propter aliud: ſi propter ſe, idem ergo finis & efficiens; ſi propter aliud dixeris: <lb></lb>cùm igitur finis ſit præſtantior, & ex eo in officio ſuo faciendo pendeat efficiens: ergo Deus penderet <lb></lb>ab alio, dum operaretur: igitur ex alio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> foret. </s> <s>Ita Deus non eſſet <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ſimpliciter, & alia mul<lb></lb>ta ſequerentur <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> notæ abſurda. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> Deus agit propter ſe: ergo idem ſimul eſt efficiens & finis. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc eadem pro Auerroë dictitantur. </s> <s>Attamen ex iis quæ cum antehàc conſtituimus, tum ex his quæ <lb></lb>poſteà ponentur, ad <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> perbellè reſponderi poſſe puto. </s> <s>Verùm illa nobis præ occupanda, quæ de <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5505"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ordine <expan abbr="diſſerẽtur">diſſerentur</expan>. </s> <s>iis igitur ſuppoſitis ſingula exquiramus. </s> <s>Ponunt hæc ipſi <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan>. </s> <s>Id cui deeſt <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>, <lb></lb>non eſſe ex alio, ſed ex ſe. </s> <s>Deinde quod ex ſe eſt, eſſe propter ſe: in altera <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> propoſitione latet <expan abbr="quip-piã">quip<lb></lb>piam</expan>, quod falſum eſt, & <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> ſimul non leuis deceptionis. </s> <s>At verò ſingulorum intelligentia melius <expan abbr="cõ-parabitur">con<lb></lb>parabitur</expan>, ſi prius explicetur: an'ne vniuerſa ſint primò propter ſe ipſa; an <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> primò propter aliud eſſe <lb></lb>queant. </s> <s>& cùm [propter] duo ſignificet id ex quo aliquid pendet, & cui refert <expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan>, quòd ſit, aut <lb></lb>illi ſit bene; quare dicitur eſſe forma propter <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan>, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> necnon Deus propter nos: dicitur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> [pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5506"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pter] quia ſit illius gratia, velut actus primus propter ſecundùm, & materia propter <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, vt forma <lb></lb>exiſtat. </s> <s>id quod eſt propter, in hac quæſtione ſumimus, vt eſt gratia rei <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan>, & quærimus aliquid'ne <lb></lb>molita natura fuerit quod alterius gratia malit eſſe, aut agere, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſua? </s> <s>ſiquidem ponatur ab <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> ſine <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõtrouerſia">controuerſia</expan> Deus primus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> finis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & ſunt, & agunt propter ipſum ſingula, ſiue eius anticipata <lb></lb>notione tacitè, vel expreſsè, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> vi quadam natiua ad illum adſpirantia. </s> <s>Rurſus ex artib. quędam <lb></lb>miniſtræ ſunt, nonnullæ architectonicæ quę habent <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan> in illas; at miniſtræ ſunt propter archite<lb></lb>ctonicas, & ſerui propter dominos, vt ea, propter quæ ſunt; ſe melius habeant. </s> <s>Ex alia parte <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> <lb></lb>ſenſus perſuadet <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> ſibi melius eſſe malle, <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> alteri. </s> <s>Heus proxumus ego ſummet mihi, dici <expan abbr="cõſueuit">conſueuit</expan>, <lb></lb>& <foreign lang="grc">γόνυ κνήμης</foreign>. </s> <s>prætereà <expan abbr="charitatẽ">charitatem</expan> quæ ſit ex ordine, monſtrant pij viri in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> redundare primùm, vn<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5507"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>de incepit. </s> <s>Nec verò mihi <expan abbr="quiſq̃">quiſquam</expan> hoc loco obiiciat <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> miſerè <expan abbr="amãtes">amantes</expan>, qui prædicent ſe amatis mul<lb></lb>tò melius eſſe cupere, <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> ſibi ipſis, quae aut in his <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> corrupta eſt, & à perturbationibus obcęcata, aut id fal<lb></lb>sò profitentur, quae illud <expan abbr="hauſtũ">hauſtum</expan> ſit à natura, ipſum ſe <expan abbr="quenq.">quenque</expan> diligere non vt <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> à ſeipſo <expan abbr="mercedẽ">mercedem</expan> exi<lb></lb>gat ſuę charitatis, ſed quae per ſe ſibi <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> charus ſit: proinde ſerui parent dominis, vt, cùm bene <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan> <lb></lb>domini, ipſis <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> benefaciant, & ſic diuino numini cuncta obediunt, <expan abbr="mutuã">mutuam</expan> ab illo <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan> expectan<lb></lb>tia; nam coluit antiquitas <expan abbr="Iouẽ">Iouem</expan>, qui eſt iuuans pater, & <foreign lang="grc">ζῆνα</foreign>, ſeu <foreign lang="grc">δία</foreign>, quae eſſet vitæ largitor: ſic vniuerſa <lb></lb>ſtudent quoquo pacto <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> imitari, vel in eo quae ſint, vel quae operentur, vt ſuam perfectionem, quæ .ſ. </s> <s>ſuæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> naturæ debetur, a equi valeant: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt ex ipſi Deo ſit bene; quandò nullius indigeat rei: <lb></lb>propter ſe ipſos igitur <expan abbr="hoĩes">homines</expan> agunt, & imitantur <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>, vt illi ſimiles redditi, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> licet, & ipſi <expan abbr="diuinarũ">diuinarum</expan> <lb></lb>conditionum participes fiant: etenim <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> de eo videntur habere quòd ſint, quantum ad <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> illius <lb></lb>accedunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> imitari eſt <expan abbr="illorũ">illorum</expan> eſſe perfectum. </s> <s>Auctoritas item huic ſententię <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> accedere ex eo, quae <lb></lb>homo finis eſſe dicitur <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan>, vt cui; quapropter <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſuperiora in hominis <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan> extitiſ<lb></lb>ſe cenſeas; ſiquidem ea <expan abbr="contẽplando">contemplando</expan> ſeipſum excolat, & <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> eò peruenit, vt tanta pulchritudine frua<lb></lb>tur, tum <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> perhibetur eſſe <expan abbr="beatũ">beatum</expan>: atqui beatitudo præſertim illa quæ in <expan abbr="cõtemplatione">contemplatione</expan> poſita eſt, <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> finis; ea verò eſt functio <expan abbr="ipſorũ">ipſorum</expan> propria & interna, finis igitur internus, & bene expetitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5508"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propter ſeipſum primò, non propter aliud. </s> <s>Eſt igitur <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> propter ſe ipſum primò. </s> <s>Sed enim hanc <lb></lb>quæſtionem ſic dirimi poſſe arbitror, ſi diſtinguatur de modo quo propter aliquid primò eſſe contin<lb></lb>git, aut enim id eſt, vt ita dicam formaliter, vt ſcilicet ab eius poſſeſsione denominatio ducatur, aut <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">αἰτιωδῶς</foreign> ideſt, cauſſaliter, & vt ab obiecto, vel obiectiuè vt quod eſt propter aliud poſsideat. </s> <s>exem<lb></lb>pli cauſſa beatitudo collocatur in diuitiis, & beatus igitur diues. </s> <s>qui diuitias expetit, & cuncta facit, <lb></lb>vt habeat rem, primùm collimat in diuitias ſed vt habens ſit beatus: hîc diuitiarum poſſeſsio in poſsi<lb></lb>dente finis eſt, & ſic ex petit ille diuitias, vt ſit diues, ſed quoniam eſſe diuitem eſt eſſe beatum; diuitiæ <lb></lb>cùm primis expetuntur, vt cauſſa beatitudinis in habente. </s> <s>Quapropter expetit quicquid expetit pro<lb></lb>pter ſe ipſum primò, vt ſcilicet habeat vel reapſe vt ſcientiam, vel per intentionem vt opes; & hoc eſt <lb></lb>formaliter, vt fertur: ſed cùm id ex cauſſa pendeat; expetitur primò cauſſa: nam poſita cauſſa ſequi<lb></lb>tur effectus: eſt enim ex conſecutione, quòd bene ſeruienti gratia referatur. </s> <s>Si ergo ſunt omnia pro<lb></lb>pter Deum, vt cauſſam, ſed propter ſe ipſa formaliter, quia volunt eius bona participare, & ita bene <lb></lb>ſe habere. </s> <s>Si igitur omnia ſunt propter ſe ipſa primò formaliter, & obiectiuè omnia propter aliud, <lb></lb>nimirùm propter Deum; planum quòd eſſe ex, & eſſe propter non recurrunt: eſſe enim ex, accidere <lb></lb>poteſt bifariam, vel ex ſeipſo, vel ex alio, atque ita, vt quod ex ſe ipſo, non ſit ex alio, ſed ſingula infra <lb></lb>Deum ſunt vno modo propter ſe, altero propter aliud. </s> <s>Rurſus aliquod eſt per ſe, quod non eſt propter ſe. <pb pagenum="963"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5509"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Nam Deus ex ſe ipſo eſt, ſed propter ſe ipſum nequaquam: eſt enim finis non ſibi ipſi, ſed aliis; & fi<lb></lb>nis ipſe ſimpliciter, nòn ſibi finis, & id quod eſt abſolutè, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vere ex ſe, nec propter ſe, quia nullo mo<lb></lb>do ſibi ipſi cauſſa; quoniam ſic etiam ſibi ipſi foret effectus, ſed ipſamet cauſſa prorſus quæ cęterorum <lb></lb>ſit, non ſui ipſius, & impropriè, ac priuatiuè ex ſe, quia ſcilicet, ex alio non ſit: tametſi hoc <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> <lb></lb>competit omni illi quod eſt cauſſa prima. </s> <s>nam quòd forma ſit id, quod eſt, cauſſa nulla eſt, nec mate<lb></lb>ria eſt ex alio; quanquàm in eo, quae exiſtat; alias cauſſas flagitet: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> res eſt imperfectiſsima. </s> <s>ſola ef<lb></lb>fecta & compoſita ſunt ex alio quæ <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quoquomodo ſunt ex ſeipſis, quatenus in ſe ipſis habent cauſ<lb></lb>ſas ex quibus exiſtunt: ſic per ſe dicitur eſſe coloratum; ſiue quòd ab aliis ſeparatum conſiſtit. </s> <s>Nil ta<lb></lb>ment repugnat, quo minus ſint propter aliud, quod externum ſit. </s> <s>Ergo aliud ex ſe, aliud propter ſe, & <lb></lb>forte quicquid ex alio eſt, eſt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> propter aliud, ſed non neceſſariò quicquid eſt propter aliud, eſt ex alio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm accipiamus eſſe propter aliud quod vno Deo excepto communiter inhæret in omnibus, certè ſi<lb></lb>quod eſt propter aliud, etiam ſit ex alio neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="vtiq.">vtique</expan> nihil æternum erit extra primum ens, quod <lb></lb>tametſi verum, Peripateticis tamen ignoratum eſt, & oſtenſum, vt opinantur <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> eſſe ingenitam, <lb></lb>& incorruptam, mobile quoque æternum, & mouentia in orbem æterna. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non inconuenit eſſe <lb></lb>nonnulla entia quæ ſint ex ſe ipſis, & vnà propter aliud. </s> <s>Sed cur fuit, quòd in hoc laboraremus; cùm <lb></lb>eo nomine <expan abbr="reprehẽdat">reprehendat</expan> Democritum Philoſophus, quia voluerit æterna carere cauſſa? </s> <s>Igitur ei quod <lb></lb>eſt ex ſe (neque enim mortale, auctore Peripatetico, ab alio perpetuum reddi poteſt). non reclamat ha<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5510"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bere cauſſam; multò igitur minus habere finem, qui eſt cauſſa prima. </s> <s>Ergo & id quod eſt propter <lb></lb>aliud, ex ſe eſſe poterit. </s> <s>aut quòd ſi fortè compoſitum tibi propter ſe ſimpliciter non eſſe videtur, cùm <lb></lb>pendeat ex aliis cauſsis ipſum conſtituentibus, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> nil officiat inſtantiæ tuæ, quia demum omne <lb></lb>compoſitum reſoluitur in efficiens à quo conſtituitur; accipe materiam quæ prorſus ſine efficiente <lb></lb>conſiſtit. </s> <s>Ita conſequentis fallaciam committes, nec poteris obtinere quod cupis. </s> <s>Quin etiam actus pri<lb></lb>mus eſt ex ſe ipſo in his, vt in cœlo: attamen eſt propter actum ſecundum: proptereà quòd hic eſt finis <lb></lb>actus primi. </s> <s>Quaptopter idem ex ſe ipſo eſt, & vnà propter aliud. </s> <s>Si dicas, vſu ſit propter actum ſecun<lb></lb>dum; eſſe tum propter ſeipſum: iam igitur cùm omnia ſint propter actum ſecundum: fruſtra enim ſit <lb></lb>primus ſine ſecundo; concedis item omnia ex ſeipſis, ſi fatearis eſſe hæc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> propter aliud nihil erit, <lb></lb>profectò ex ſe ipſo, <expan abbr="quãdò">quandò</expan> omnia, & Deus item, vt tu vis, ſint propter <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>. </s> <s>Quamobrem non fuit <lb></lb>ſumendum eſſe ex, & eſſe propter pari gradu commeare. </s> <s>Quòd ſi mentionem fieri dicas de primo fine <lb></lb>duntaxat, vt ego arbitror, cùm ſit hic primus finis cauſſaliter, & obiectiuè, vt dictum eſt: quemadmo<lb></lb>dum dabo actum ſecundùm eſſe & propter ipſum, & ex ipſo; ſic negabo actum <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſſe ex ipſo, ſiquid <lb></lb>præter primum ens æternum tueri velim, aut vt efficiente ſaltem. </s> <s>Si igitur quod æternum eſt, ex ſe eſt, <lb></lb>& quod eſt huiuſmodi, caret efficiente: & contrà quod habet efficiens <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, & eſt ex alio. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5511"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>manifeſtum eſt, quòd actus quidam primi non poſſunt habere efficiens. </s> <s>Sed cùm actus <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſecundi <lb></lb>poſsint ex aliis cauſsis exiſtere, vtputa obiecto, ſicut riſus ex ridiculo, cùm etiam ſint ex alio, quòd ha<lb></lb>beant <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan>, quòd ſint, velut ea quæ ſubeunt demonſtrationem, quibus cauſſa denegatur, vt efficiens, <lb></lb>conceditur autem ratio formalis & materia; ac ſi requirant efficiens, non concurrat id neceſſariò cum <lb></lb>aliis cauſſarum generibus, vt de motu cœleſti opinamur, in quo Deus eſt finis; anima autem mouet vt <lb></lb>efficiens: non igitur neceſſariò conſequetur: ſi ex hoc pendet actus ſecundus: ergo hoc eſt eius effi<lb></lb>ciens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ad rationum formam ſic dicere licebit. </s> <s>Quod non habet efficiens, ex ſe exiſtit. </s> <s>Quod ex ſe <lb></lb>exiſtit propter ſe eſt: hoc planè non neceſſarium, niſi formaliter accepto eo quod eſt eſſe propter ſe, <lb></lb>ſed obiectiuè non opinor. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hæc pugnant ex ſe eſſe, & propter aliud: ex ſe eſſe, quia careat efficien<lb></lb>te, quòd etiam per ſe conſiſtat, & ab alio ſeparatum: propter aliud verò vt finem. </s> <s>Eodem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> modo <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> tollitur, quia <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> in his <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ex alio; cùm <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> ex alio pendeat functio, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, & obiecto: nec alio modo fieri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt quod ex ſe eſt, ſit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> propter ſe <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan>; niſi propter ſe <expan abbr="ipsũ">ipsum</expan> <expan abbr="accipiat̃">accipiatur</expan> <lb></lb>formaliter, ſed talis <expan abbr="pręſtãdi">pręſtandi</expan> modus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pertinet amplius ad <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illud officit, quae in ſeparatis à ma<lb></lb>ria ſint idem functio & eſſentia; quia non tollitur ex hoc ratio pendentiæ; nec inducitur proptereà <expan abbr="cõ-poſitio">con<lb></lb>poſitio</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> pendent in genere finis, vt ex cauſſa externa; intrinſecùs autem ſunt idem. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5512"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obrem cùm functio & eſſentia ſint intrinſecùs idem, differant, quae functio completur ab externo: non <lb></lb>repugnant hæc eſſe ex ſe, quod internum eſt, & operari propter aliud. </s> <s>Poſteà verò docebimus, vt pen<lb></lb>dere ex alio non afferat protinus efficientiam; ſed euenire <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan>, vt ſolum reſpiciat finem, & ita <lb></lb>æterna ex Deo pendere concedimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> non placent huiuſmodi hypotheſes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> repugnantia <lb></lb>maxima inculcatur. </s> <s>Quî <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fieri poteſt, vt quod eſt ſimpliciter neceſſarium, immò neceſsitas; ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>Deus appellatur lib. de Mundo, neceſſarium non eſſe fingatur? </s> <s>Prætereà, ſi cætera æterna ponuntur, <lb></lb>quis negabit illa remanere ſublato Deo? </s> <s>Multa verò eiuſmodi eſſe quæ neceſſaria ſint, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſimpli<lb></lb>cia, hoc eſt, abiuncta ab ea materia in qua eſt potentia contradictionis, teſtatur ipſemet Ariſt. 5. primæ <lb></lb>philoſophiæ cap. </s> <s>de neceſſario. </s> <s>Atqui pendent, inquies, ex ipſo. </s> <s>fateor equidem; ſed propter actum <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecũdũ">ſecundum</expan>, non propter eſſentiam ſimpliciter, & quatenus operantur; non quatenus exiſtunt: iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum <lb></lb>Peripateticis ſumo illa eſſe æterna: <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae ſequitur ea non pendere ex Deo, ſi reſtant ipſo ſublato <lb></lb>propter neceſsitatem hypotheſeos. </s> <s>Ergo, inquies, otioſa erit eſſentia; & hoc ex hypotheſeos neceſsi<lb></lb>tate conſequitur. </s> <s>Corollarium verò datur cum ea conditione, ſi mentes propter eſſentiam à Deo pen<lb></lb>derent: ſed cùm pendeant ex ipſo propter functionem ſolam; non idcirco efficitur, vt idem ſit finis <lb></lb>vltimus, & efficiens primum. </s> <s>Vides igitur hæc omnia duci ex illo principio, quae pręter Deum nil aliud <lb></lb>ſit æternum, quod tametſi veriſsimum, à Peripateticis tamen adhuc eſt ignoratum.</s></p> <pb pagenum="964"></pb> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5504"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5505"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5506"></margin.target>a Auer. <lb></lb></s> <s>diſp. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5507"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5508"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5509"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5510"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5511"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5512"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrùm mouens primum agens liberum ſit, an naturale. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5513"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5513"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX iis quæ <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> diſputata ſunt, etiam noſci poterit ſit'ne primum mouens apud Peripateticos <lb></lb>agens ſui iuris, an neceſſario moueat, quod perſpicio dubitatum à veteribus, & aliter fortaſſe con<lb></lb>ſtiturum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Ariſtotelis muſa patiatur, cuius veſtigiis in hoc volumine nos hærere perpetuò volumus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quoniam verò appetitus, & voluntas aut ſeipſa reſpiciunt, aut alia quæ ſint extra. </s> <s>quod attinet ad il<lb></lb>lam voluntatem vel appetitum qui ſui ipſius eſt, & vi quadam natiua eſſentiæ, ac per boni expetendi <lb></lb>notitiam, non videtur poſſe negari Deo ſuiipſius appetitus quem Græci <foreign lang="grc">ἵμερον</foreign>, Noſtri appetitum com<lb></lb>placentiæ vocant quo placet ſibi ſuum eſſe, ſua bonitas, & in eis ſeſe oblectat. </s> <s>Etenim bonum quod <lb></lb>in intelligentiam cadit, eſt expetendum. </s> <s>Deus eſt bonum cuius ipſe habet intelligentiam: ergo & à ſe<lb></lb>ipſo expetitur. </s> <s>Deinde quod conſequitur omne ens, conuenit ipſi, quoad ens eſt; proinde maxime <lb></lb>item eſt in eo quod eſt primum ens. </s> <s>Sed omni ei quod eſt, ineſt .ſ. </s> <s>ex petere ſuam perfectionem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>ſalutem per modum ſuum <expan abbr="cuiuſq́">cuiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>proprium. </s> <s>Ergo & maximè id erit in Deo. </s> <s>Sicut enim in anima <lb></lb>per appetitum naturalem ſuæ conſeruationis cupida ſunt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> tendunt in propria loca per ſolam pro<lb></lb>penſionem naturalem, cognoſcentia per cognitionem, & obtinentia manent in eo ſtatu perfectionis: <lb></lb>ſic etiam de Deo cogitandum eſt. </s> <s>Prætereà finis, & agens ſemper vnius ordinis inueniuntur, Deo ni<lb></lb>hil aliud offertur quod eiuſdem ſit ordinis, niſi ipſemet. </s> <s>Ergo Deus ſibi ipſi eſt finis, & expetitum. </s> <s></s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5514"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Cùm verò ſit intelligens; ſequitur planè vt ſeipſum velit: ſiue <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> naturalia ſint agentia, ſiue artificio<lb></lb>ſa; ſimile ſemper agit ſimile, vel virtute, vel actu: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ædificatur, ſtruit domum exhibens lapidib. <lb></lb></s> <s>formam domus quam habebat in mente. </s> <s>Necnon in mente præditis voluntas applicat animi facul<lb></lb>tates ad proprios actus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cùm volumus, phantaſia comprehendimus & intelligimus. </s> <s>eadem ra<lb></lb>tione Deus ſeipſum non coactus, ſed volens intelligit, & ſpeculatur: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen vt ſe ipſum expe<lb></lb>tat appetitu quodam mutabili, & cui melius eſſe poſsit: optimè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe habet, & eſt primum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> abſo<lb></lb>lutè neceſſarium. </s> <s>Quapropter & eſſe, & intelligi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> expeti, & velle in ipſo ſunt ab omni æternita<lb></lb>te: vnum eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod hîc expetitur, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo omnib. ſęculis habens, vnum item quod expetit, <lb></lb>nec aliunde vllam varietatem excipiens. </s> <s>Veruntamen de illa voluntate quæ reſpicit externa, dubita<lb></lb>tum eſt à Latinis, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſolent afferri. </s> <s>Omnem formam conſequitur habitudo ad externum. </s> <s>ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſentiens, & intelligens referuntur ad aliquid exterius, quatenus ſunt in rerum natura. </s> <s>At vero non <lb></lb>competit id, quoad ſentiunt, & intelligunt, ſed qua volunt, & appetunt. </s> <s>Ita igitur & Deus vult ali<lb></lb>quid extra ſe, Propoſitionem probat D. Thomas ſimilitudine aliarum formarum de ordine acciden<lb></lb>tium; album <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per albedinem eſt ſimile alteri albo, & cognito cognoſcens. </s> <s>Quod verò non qua ſen<lb></lb>tiunt, & intelligunt, referantur ad aliud; ita concludit. </s> <s>Nam ſentire & intelligere notant potius habi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5515"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tudinem rerum ad formam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> formæ habitudinem ad res. </s> <s>Rurſus forma, dum conſideratur, non ef<lb></lb>ficit motum, niſi per voluntatem. </s> <s>Deus efficit motum, & eſt intelligens: ergo mouet per volunta<lb></lb>tem. </s> <s>Propoſitio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſic approbatur. </s> <s>Non efficitur motus, niſi obiiciatur aliquid ſub ratione bo<lb></lb>ni: ſignum, quia mens contemplans non eſt auctor motus, neque etiam phantaſia, niſi coniuncta <lb></lb>ſint cum exiſtimatione boni, vel mali. </s> <s>Illa quoque adduntur. </s> <s>Si Deus eſt mens, vt vere eſt; libe<lb></lb>rum igitur. </s> <s>vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mens, ibi voluntas: nam voluntas quidem menti, velut vmbra corpori comitatur: <lb></lb>at vbi voluntas, ibi poteſtas ad oppoſita. </s> <s>Deinde quod per ſe agit aut naturale eſt, aut voluntarium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed Deus agens naturale non eſt: ergo voluntarium: non eſſe verò agens naturale perſuadent illa, quae <lb></lb>dum mouet, maneat immobilis: ad omneis effectus æquè concurrens; cùm cæteroquin agens natu<lb></lb>rale ſingulari effectui deſtinetur, & moueat, dum mouet. </s> <s>Nihil item Deo negandum eſt quod illi af<lb></lb>ferat perfectionem. </s> <s>Sed eſſe dominum ſuarum actionum ſummam perfectionem ſignificat: id igi<lb></lb>tur Deo tribuendum. </s> <s>Poſtremò fit hic aliquid contingenter: ergo prima cauſſa contingenter opera<lb></lb>tur: ergo & volens; Nam cùm ſecundæ cauſſæ ſic moueant; quemadmodum mouentur à prima; ſi <lb></lb>facias primam neceſſariò mouere; ergo ſecunda <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſariò mouebit: atqui non neceſſario mo<lb></lb>uet ſecunda: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur à prima neceſſariò mouebitur. </s> <s>At nulla certè alia cauſſa inter actuoſas oppo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5516"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſita poteſt præter voluntatem. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quis adhuc requirat apertiſsimas auctoritates inſignium phi<lb></lb>loſophorum, atque illorum quidem ex Lycæo, innumeræ propè ſubueniunt. </s> <s>Alexander <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit <lb></lb>Deos etiam poſſe facere mala. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Rurſus idem philoſophus monet nos, vt pij fimus aduerſus Deos, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5517"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vtpote <foreign lang="grc">δοτῆρας ἐάων</foreign> <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> .i. </s> <s>datores bonorum. </s> <s>Quin etiam teſtatur Ariſtoteles: ipſe <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> verè ſapientes <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5518"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5519"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe Deo chariſsimos, & ab eo ſumma beneficia impetrare. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illud aureum, <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> qui familiam ſuam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5520"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rectè gubernauerit, duob. </s> <s>premiis affici à diis immortalib. altero, vt ſibiipſi ſit conſcius rectè facto<lb></lb>rum: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> magnus eſt cruciatus ex conſcientia ſcelerum; ſic ex rectè factorum memoria magnus labo<lb></lb>rum fructus: alterum verò, vt à filiis in ſenectute alatur. </s> <s>Ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Pindarus inquit. </s> <s>“Dulce <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſibi cor, & <lb></lb>ſpes mortalium multiplicem alit voluntatem: ſecundum verò à filiis in ſenectute feliciter educari; il<lb></lb>los contrà negligi à Diis qui patrimonia contemnant.” Fama Numam Pompilium, qui ſeipſum in ſo<lb></lb>litudine per diſcliplinam, labores & philoſophiam excoluit;& quantum poteſt animus humanus, ea <lb></lb>meditatus eſt quæ ad beatorum numinum cultum <expan abbr="eorumq.">eorumque</expan> naturam, & vim cognoſcendam pertine<lb></lb>rent; cum Aegeria dea coniunxit; & ex eius congreſſu fęliciſsimum virum, <expan abbr="rerumq́">rerumque</expan>. </s> <s>diuinarum peri<lb></lb>tiſsimum prædicauit. </s> <s>Hæc quidem vulgi commenta. </s> <s>Sed nos ſeueriores ſimus, & opiniones vulgi ſa<lb></lb>pientia noſtra corrigamus. </s> <s>Dictat autem ratio Deum non equos, non canes, ſed homines amare, nec <lb></lb>aſpernari mirabilis alicuius viri, <expan abbr="ſapientisq́">ſapientisque</expan>. </s> <s>congreſſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eum grata beneuolentia complecti pro <pb pagenum="965"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5521"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pter morum <expan abbr="virtutisq́">virtutisque</expan>. </s> <s>diligentiam & excellentem doctrinam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> errant hoc modo Phryges qui <lb></lb>de Ate nec Bithyni, qui de Herodoto, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Arcades qui de Endymione fabulantur, aut cæteri Græci, <lb></lb>qui Phorbantem, Hyacinthum & Adinetum ab Apolline amatos fuiſſe fingunt. </s> <s>Mitto nunc Plato<lb></lb>nem, qui voluntatem Deo perſpicuè tribuerit, vbi fingit Deum illum primum alloqui Deos ſecun<lb></lb>dos, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> admonere voluntatem ſuam vinculo illorum eſſe maiorem; ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam in eo collo<lb></lb>cantem Ideas quas ipſe ad libitum ſpectans varia produceret apud nos, velut artifex quidam qui nunc <lb></lb>ideam, & formam ſcamni contuens, aliàs arcæ, vt libet, nunc ſcamnum, mox arcam fabricaretur: <lb></lb><expan abbr="eundemq́">eundemque</expan>. </s> <s>teſtantem Deos precib. flecti poſſe. </s> <s>Mitto etiam communem ſenſum poëtarum, vt Home<lb></lb>ri qui cecinit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5514"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5515"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5516"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5517"></margin.target>a 4. Top.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5518"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>fato.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5519"></margin.target>c 3. Eth. <lb></lb>c. 7. <lb></lb><lb></lb>10. Eth. <lb></lb>c. 8.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5520"></margin.target>d Decono.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5521"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<foreign lang="grc">Ὃσκεθεοῖς ἐπιπEÍθηται, μὰλατ̓ ἤκλυον αὐτοῦ</foreign>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>atque Naſonis, cuius ea ſunt carmina.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>“Flectitur iratus voce precante Deus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sæpe Iouem vidi, cùm ſæua mittere vellet</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Fulmina; thure dato ſuſtinuiſſe manus.”<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Veruntamen ſi Deus mouet vt finis, & hic, quatenus bonus, & per ſe expetendus; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adeò ſui <lb></lb>perpetuò ſimilis, vt inconſtantiæ nulla ſuſpicio cadat in ipſum: ſi nihil illi opponitur; nulla item cauſ<lb></lb>ſa varietatis in expetente: ergo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> neceſſariò quod ex ipſo primum pendet de numero corporum, in <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5522"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adeptionem ſui mouebit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſolum neceſſario mouebit, verùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> naturaliter; ſiquidem ea ſit vis ſpe<lb></lb>ciei, <expan abbr="formæq́">formæque</expan>. </s> <s>conceptæ, vt ex neceſsitate motum ſuſcitet in appetente pro ratione ipſius, vt in ſpiritu <lb></lb>raritatem & denſitatem, in corde ſyſtolem & diaſtolem, & in cæteris partib. pro natura ſingularum; <lb></lb>quia .ſ. </s> <s>ita mouere eſt eius eſſentia; & partes quæ mouentur, ita affici natæ aptæ ſunt. </s> <s>ita & corpus cę<lb></lb>leſte mouetur in orbem, quae ſic eſt idoneum ſuapte natura moueri ab eo quod eſt expetendum: ad eum <lb></lb>igitur finem qui omnium maximè expetendus eſt, quoad poteſt, & neceſſariò, non vi quadam impul<lb></lb>ſum, ſed ſine intermiſsione, <expan abbr="ſponteq́">ſponteque</expan>. </s> <s>properabit, & ipſius gratia ſemper in officio permanebit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>erit ille motus naturalis: quia ſecundùm corporis propenſionem; & ideò mouens naturaliter moue<lb></lb>bit; licèt non ſit naturale, cùm ſit à materia ſegregatum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſecus dicet, opinor, qui agentis <expan abbr="vtriuſ-q́ue">vtriuſ<lb></lb>que</expan> munera, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſecum differunt, contemplabitur, vt cùm Philoſopho conſentiat. </s> <s>Etenim talis <lb></lb>agentium diſtributio obſeruatur apud Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe agentia ſunt, aut per accidens; abſit <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> à nob. </s> <s>vt dicamus agere Deum per accidens: nam cùm ſit primum ens, & prima functionum cauſ<lb></lb>ſa; per ſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit oportet; & ens, & agens; aliter primum non eſſet: ſiquidem quod eſt per accidens, <lb></lb>ſit poſterius eo quod eſt per ſe: primum verò, quae eſt cauſſa vniuocationis reliquis reb. & quae ſint, & quae <lb></lb>operentur: talem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> accepimus <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan> de Deo. </s> <s>Eſt igitur Deus agens per ſe: illa verò, quæ per <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5523"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe agunt; vel intrinſecùs operantur, & dicuntur <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργεῖν</foreign>, & fungi potius ſuo munere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eſſe in offi<lb></lb>cio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> agere, vt contemplari: eſt & id cuius virtus in alio perſpicitur; ſiue nihil ex officio reſtet, quod <lb></lb>dicitur <foreign lang="grc">πράττειν</foreign>, ſiue quid ſuperſtes ſit quod eſt <foreign lang="grc">ποιεῖν</foreign>: cùm verò motus cęleſtis ſemper extet, nec <lb></lb>vllo <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> termino claudatur; ab Ariſtotele refertur ad <foreign lang="grc">πρἀξιν</foreign>. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Miſſa Dei functione quæ ſua eſt pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5524"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pria; dicamus aliqua de ea quæ manat ad externum. </s> <s>Hæc item vel ex alterius arbitrio pendet, vel <lb></lb>ſequitur naturam & eſſentiam: ac prima illa quidem non ſine præcedente cognitione, deliberatione<lb></lb>úe fieri poteſt, indefinita eſt, citra ordinem, remiſsione, & intentione diſtincta: altera cognitionem non <lb></lb>flagitat in agente, definita eſt, vniformem ordinem <expan abbr="ordinatamq́">ordinatamque</expan>. </s> <s>vniformitatem conſeruans: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea <lb></lb>voluntatis eſt actio; hæc verò naturalis. </s> <s>Cæterùm quia duo principia requiruntur in huiuſmodi ge<lb></lb>nere actionis, & agens, & patiens; nunc naturalem appellamus, quatenus inſidet in agente; ſed quan<lb></lb>tum reſpicit patiens, aut ipſum agitat pro natiua propenſione, aut affert aliquam vim. </s> <s>ex priore modo <lb></lb>naſcitur motus naturalis; ex altero violentus, & præter naturam. </s> <s>Et hoc agens aut mouendo moue<lb></lb>tur; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ponitur agens naturale, aut mouendo manet immobile, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hoc accidit bifariam; ſiquidem <lb></lb>ſit mobile quidem per ſe, veruntamen ex accidente non moueatur; & ita ſolet mouere finis in natura, <lb></lb>& illud agentium genus quod eminus agit alterans medium; ſit <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> alius ordo mouentium, quæ ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5525"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>immobilia per ſe, & per accidens; & illa quidem, quae mobilia; numerantur item de naturalib. hæc natu<lb></lb>raliter mouere dicuntur, <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan> verò mouentia naturalia. </s> <s>Si igitur ille dialecticorum canon eſt ve<lb></lb>rus. </s> <s>Diuerſorum generum, nec ſub eodem genere collocatorum diuerſas eſſe ſpecies & differentias; <lb></lb>cùm ad mouentia naturaliter Deus ab Ariſt. </s> <s>referatur; planum eſt, quae ipſe etiam ex voluntariorum nu<lb></lb>mero expunctus eſt. </s> <s>Sed pedetentim procedamus: & <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> ſatis illud erat, ſi Ariſt. </s> <s>aſſeruiſſet Deum <lb></lb>phyſicè mouere; cùm ad hoc præſtandum ſufficere videatur agentis eſſentia ſine vlla cognitione, & <lb></lb>voluntate, quemadmodum apparet in mouentib. vt fines; quæ mouendi ratio videtur eſſe præſtan<lb></lb>tiſsima. </s> <s>Cùm igitur Deus ſit præſtantiſsima res; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>illius functio debeat eſſe præſtantiſsima; ea <lb></lb>verò ſit per eſſentiam; liquet & hoc modo Deum eſſe moturum. </s> <s>Prætereà cùm oſtenſum ſit anteà <lb></lb>Deum in mouendo non moueri, & mouere vt finem: voluntarium verò agens habeatur in numero <lb></lb>efficientium; <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>mouendo moueatur; <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſatis conſtabat Deum non eſſe mouens voluntarium: ta<lb></lb>men ex principiis voluntatis ipſius vniuerſam hanc rationem expendamus. </s> <s>Etenim voluntarium ſic, <lb></lb>& aliter mouere poteſt; aut igitur mouet ſecundùm naturam, aut præter ipſam; ſi ſecundùm natu<lb></lb>ram dixeris; duos motus diuerſos vnius corporis ſimplicis eſſe continget; id verò fieri non poſſe de<lb></lb>claratum eſt in libris de Cęlo: quae ſi alter fuerit præter naturam; at id omnes omnium conuellit opinio<lb></lb>nes: nam ſic etiam Platonici ſentiunt nil eſſe apud ipſum, quod ſit præter naturam; quippe quae vniuer <pb pagenum="966"></pb>ſa à Deo ſuæ propriæ naturæ dimittantur; nec ſecus, ac ſiquis variarum beſtiarum turbam in gremio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5526"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>continens eo patefacto ſimul abire permittat: ad ſuum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> locum natura duce properabunt; na<lb></lb>tantia repetent aquam: volatilia ferentur ad aërem, vermes humi procumbent, <expan abbr="cunctaq́">cunctaque</expan>. </s> <s>legib. & in<lb></lb>ſtitutis ſuis naturali lege aggregabuntur. </s> <s>Hac igitur mouendi ratione quæ præter naturam eſt, Deus <lb></lb>excluditur. </s> <s>Inſuper in æternis idem eſt eſſe, & agere, ſed Deus eſt neceſſarium ſimpliciter, & illius igi<lb></lb>tur functio neceſſaria ſimpliciter: ergo & conuerſio cœli. </s> <s>Tùm etiam quia ſimilis differentia in effe<lb></lb>ctu ſimilem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> differentiam ſignificat in cauſſa, & contrà ſimilis differentia in cauſſa ſimilem dif<lb></lb>ferentiam per ſe producit in effectu. </s> <s>Sic ex eo quod fieri non poteſt, nihil per ſe producitur, niſi quod <lb></lb>fieri nequeat; & ex falſo ſequitur falſum, necnon ex neceſſario neceſſarium. </s> <s>Sed Deus eſt ſimplici<lb></lb>ter neceſſarium: ergo cęlum & natura, quæ pendent ex Deo, neceſſaria ſunt. </s> <s>Noſti <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> triplicem ne<lb></lb>ceſsitatis modum apud Ariſtotelem; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> primum quidem qui eſt præter naturam: ſed hoc nihil ad rem, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5527"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alterum, ſine quo non eſt id quod eſt bene, vt materia, ſine qua forma non exiſtit, ex hoc ordine ſunt <lb></lb>inſtrumenta; hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per ſe bona non ſunt, at verò ſine ipſis aliquod bonum non exiſtit, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vt ſit, ea <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> exiſtant neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Tertium quod eſt ſimpliciter neceſſarium, & ex ſeipſo, ab hoc autem cœ<lb></lb>lum & natura pendet, vnde vetus fuit verbum. <foreign lang="grc">Νώτοις δ' ἄμφιθεᾶς</foreign> (<foreign lang="grc">ἀνάγκης</foreign>) <foreign lang="grc">φύσις ἄπλετος ἡώ<lb></lb>ρηται</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>Ab humeris Dea, nimirùm neceſsitatis, inexplebilis natura pendet. </s> <s>Quod verò ſic ſe habet, <lb></lb>ſine alio poteſt eſſe, & ſine alio bene ſe habet. </s> <s>Hinc omnia bona largiſsimè effluunt gradib quibuſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5528"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dam, paruo tamen interſtitio ſeparatis, vt eorum continuatio lateat, itaque omnia complectuntur <lb></lb>actus omneis <expan abbr="omneisq́">omneisque</expan>. </s> <s>poteſtates, ſeu participatæ ſint, vt in compoſitis, ſiue per eſſentiam, ſicut mate<lb></lb>ria prima, in qua iam priuatio ſpectatur, & contraria, quę (vt vulgo dicitur) ſunt hoſtium contingen<lb></lb>tiæ, & parum abeſt, quin paullo momento commutentur cum eo quod non eſt, quo nihil à Deo lon<lb></lb>ginquius, nec illi <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> odioſius. </s> <s>Verùm quia dici ſolet in Deo voluntatem non diſſentire à neceſsi<lb></lb>tate, & alteram contradictionis partem reſpicere duntaxat, non <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan>, vt in nob. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> ambiguè <lb></lb>dici voluntatem, at ſaltem illi cognitio non denegatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & ab Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ipſo contra Empedoclem <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5529"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>literis conſignatum Deum <expan abbr="hoĩe">homine</expan> ſapientiorem; quinimmò <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan> ſapientem (vt aiebat Simonides) quae effe<lb></lb>cta <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan>, <expan abbr="omneisq́">omneisque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> cauſſas teneat; quae <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> videat, perficiat, ordinet, <expan abbr="eiſdemq́">eiſdemque</expan>. </s> <s>conſulat, & prouideat: <lb></lb>at vbi <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> ſeriò peragit, & animi ſui ſenſa profitetur; nihil <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> conſtantius Deum nihil noſſe, <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> aut in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5530"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>relligere <foreign lang="grc">νοεῖν, & διὰνοεῖασθαι</foreign>, pręter ſeipſum propter <expan abbr="excellentiã">excellentiam</expan>; & ita <expan abbr="approbatũ">approbatum</expan>, vt <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> in morali phi<lb></lb>loſophia pariter <expan abbr="vſurpatũ">vſurpatum</expan> ſit: cur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aut agellos <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> curet, aut viticulas perſequatur, aut ſi vre<lb></lb>do, & grando <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> noceat: quando ne in regnis quidem reges <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> minima noſcunt, & curant? </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> <lb></lb>in moralib. dum docet, egeat'ne vir beatus amicis, & ex eo, quae nos indigi ſumus, & aliquid extra nos co<lb></lb>gnoſcimus; non idem euenire monſtrat in <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> & nos: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> Deus extra ſe nihil cognoſcens, non opus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5531"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>habet amico, nos qui ſenſum habemus voluptatis & doloris; ab amicis <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> pendemus. </s> <s>& in pri<lb></lb>ma philoſophia cum rationem diuinæ beatitudinis explicat; vt de Peripateticorum decreto, quod ad <lb></lb>hoc ipſum pertinet, nihil ſit prætereà dubitandum. </s> <s>Non eſt igitur adſcribenda Deo voluntas; <lb></lb>quoniam neque cognitio.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5522"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5523"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5524"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 51. 63.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5525"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5526"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5527"></margin.target>a 12. Met. <lb></lb>T. 38.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5528"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5529"></margin.target>b 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5530"></margin.target>c 7. Eth. <lb></lb>ad Eud. c. <lb></lb>15. 11. Me. <lb></lb>T. 51.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5531"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæritur vtrùm Deus, Aristotele auciore, aliquid noſcat extra ſe. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAMVIS animus non ſit in præſentia diſſerendi de ratione qua mentes beatæ cognoſcunt; at<lb></lb>tamen <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> inſtitutus ſermo nos cogit; illa ſolummodò adſcribentur, quibus errores <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> qui <lb></lb>aliter auctore Ariſtotele ſentiunt, patefieri valeant. </s> <s>Etenim ita poſtulat ordo naturæ quæ ſic inſti<lb></lb>tuit obiecta, organa & facultates, vt miro quodam ordine ſecum congruerent, obiecta verò generatim <lb></lb>duo ſunt: nam vel in intelligentiam, vel ſenſum cadunt, & rurſus ea quæ pellunt mentem, vel ab om<lb></lb>ni materia libera ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita per ſe intelliguntur, ſentiuntur verò per accidens, vel exiſtunt ex mate<lb></lb>ria, quare per ſe ſenſilia ſunt, ac ſi intelligi debeant, propter materiæ coniunctionem requirunt abſtra<lb></lb>hentis officium iis quæ mente ſola concipiuntur, organum nullum aſsignatum eſt, ſenſilib. organa ſer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5532"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uiunt: geminæ item facultates, altera quæ ex organo apta non eſt, organica altera: organica igitur <lb></lb>ſuum officium per organa faciet, & ex aduerſo ſenſilia quæ organicæ facultatis ſubiiciuntur, animam <lb></lb>per organa ſola mouebunt. </s> <s>Sed Deus eſt mens ſimpliciſsima: quapropter eius vis nonmodò non <lb></lb>pertinebit ad res materiatas quæ ſunt per ſe ſenſiles, attamen abſtractæ poſſunt intelligi, ne dum ad <lb></lb>ipſa ſingularia, quæ <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per ſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per accidens <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> pertentare valent, aut ſi demus eas per ac<lb></lb>cidens intelligi, prius ſentiantur oportet, atque vniuersè formæ quæ materia conſtant, mouent per <lb></lb>qualitates, & accidentia materiæ, & à ſenſib. ad phantaſiam procedentes, quæ nulla eſt in ſeparatis à <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>Denique res corporatæ non aliter àc per vires, & inſtrumenta corporea mouere poſſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s>Huc adde omne id quod ſentit, & intelligit aliquid extra ſe potentia ſit neceſſe eſt: at nihil aliud eſt ea <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, niſi actus: quo fit, vt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam Peripateticè defendi poſſe credam D. O. M. cęteras mentes <lb></lb>intelligentia comprehendere: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> obtinet aliquam imaginem facultatis, niſi quatenus pro captu <lb></lb>noſtro facultatem illi tribuimus ad ſeipſum: hęc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ratio illius eſſentiæ cui cognitio tribuitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <lb></lb>anima noſtra omnia cognoſcit, quòd omnia fieri poteſt, futura fortaſſe tanto minus in notitiam Dei ca<lb></lb>dent. </s> <s>Nec agitur de veritate nunc, ſed de placito Ariſtotelis. </s> <s>Atqui ex eius ſententia, ſi Deus futura <lb></lb>cognoſcit, vel igitur eueniant <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> neceſſe eſt, vel cognoſcendo falletur. </s> <s>Nam ſi cognouit ęterno tem<lb></lb>pore pluuias hoc menſe futuras, neceſſario ſucceſsit: quae ſi non ſucceſsiſſet, Deus cognoſcendo dece <pb pagenum="967"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5533"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ptus eſſet. </s> <s>Ergo tollitur è medio contingentia quam ſenſus approbat, tollitur & humana libertas, ete<lb></lb>nim ſic inquit Ariſt. </s> <s>nos videre rerum omnium futurarum initium, & id conſilio, & ratione quæri, & <lb></lb>in contingentib. æquam poteſtatem ad id, quae ſint, aut non: aliter <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> actionem ex humana vita pro<lb></lb>fligari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> minus profectò decipitur Deus, ſi præterita, <expan abbr="futuraq́">futuraque</expan>. </s> <s>velut præſentia cognoſcat: nam ſi <lb></lb>nouit, vt nunc id eſſe quod antehac exiſtit; certe fallitur rem cognoſcens aliter, àc ſit: quandò in om<lb></lb>ni enuntiatione mendacium duplex eſſe poſsit, & cauſſa prędicati, & cauſſa temporis: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> minus <lb></lb>eſt falſum, quae Socrates ſtudeat, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> quae nunc ſtudeat, cùm dormit, & conſimiliter ſpectans id nunc quod po<lb></lb>ſtea futurum eſt, vt ens nouit id quod non eſt, & hoc modo fallitur igitur: & ſi non fallitur, omne id <lb></lb>quod poſtea futurum eſt, neceſſariò exiſtet. </s> <s>Quid <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> vetat, quominus ſingularia cognoſcens perpe<lb></lb>tuę mutationi reddatur obnoxius; cùm ſingulis momentis multa fiant, & occidant? </s> <s>Singularia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>caduca ſunt, ſunt infinita, & futura non ſunt, horum <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> ſuapte natura ignotum eſt: ergo igno<lb></lb>tum ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Ea naturam diuinam peruertunt, quae cuncta extra. </s> <s>Deum ad ipſum vilia ſunt, & <lb></lb>mala pręſertim: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> Deus ea cognoſcendo vileſceret: etenim ſcientię <expan abbr="noſcentisq́">noſcentisque</expan>. </s> <s>pręſtantia faculta<lb></lb>tis obiecti pręſtantia definitur. </s> <s>Hęc accipiuntur ab illis quę tametſi certiſsima, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen Peripa<lb></lb>tetica. </s> <s>Primum nihil eſſe contingens ad Deum, ſed omne neceſſarium: quaſi quod in reb. eſt con<lb></lb>tingens, id exiſtat in Deo modo quodam neceſſario. </s> <s>Cęterum hęc pronunciabat Ariſt. </s> <s>Noſſe nos prin<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5534"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cipium <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> futurorum ex quo futura penderent, quod item contingentię foret obnoxium, quippe quae à <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5535"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>fieri poſſet, aut non. </s> <s>Prętereà docuit cauſſas & effectus proportione ſibi inuicem reſpondere: <lb></lb>hinc effectuum contingentium, <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & per accidens cauſſas eſſe conſimiles. </s> <s>Inuectus eſt item in eos qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5536"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fortunam Deam ſibi finxerint, & apertè profeſſus eſt caſum, & fortunam cauſſas eſſe per accidens. </s> <s><expan abbr="Etiã">Etiam</expan> <lb></lb>de neceſſario diſtinguens <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> admonuit id eſſe trifariam quod ſimpliciter, hoc verò Deus eſt, quod ex ip<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5537"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſo proximè, vt motus cęleſtis, quod vi: cùm verò exiſteret item in mundo rerum generatio, & contin<lb></lb>gentia; <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> primas earum cauſſas attulit quoad efficiens varietatem motus cœleſtis, quoad patiens ve<lb></lb>rò infinitatem materiæ. </s> <s>Nec alio modo videtur accepiſſe. </s> <s>Nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in Deo contingens eſſe, niſi quòd <lb></lb>quicquid in ipſo eſt. </s> <s>Deus eſt; quia verò in ipſo res eſſe poſſunt, vel in eſſe exiſtentiæ, vel in eſſe cogni<lb></lb>to; cùm ſit actus puriſsimus, cùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſit mens, quicquid in ipſo eſt Deus eſt, & mens idem cum re in<lb></lb>telligenda: idcirco ex ſe <foreign lang="grc">ἀυταρκέστατον</foreign> cùm quo ad eſſe, tùm <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quoad operationem. </s> <s>Dicitur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in <lb></lb>Deo geminam eſſe notitiam, viſionis, quæ tantùm eſt eorum quæ ſunt, & intelligentiæ ſimplicis, quæ <lb></lb>pertinet item ad ea quæ non ſunt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> fortè etiam ſunt futura. </s> <s>Verùm non videtur Ariſt. </s> <s>aliter Dei no<lb></lb>titiam ab humana ſeparaſſe, niſi quia quod nos aliquo tempore experimur, id Deus obtinet perpetuò: <lb></lb>nam cætera voluit eſſe ſimilia, vtpote quae ſi extra ſint, afferant perfectionem, & quae mens diuina præſtan<lb></lb>tiam ſumeret ex obiecto. </s> <s>Sicut ergo non ens ignotum nob. </s> <s>eſt, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> Deo foret ignotum. </s> <s>Quia verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5538"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maxima vis à Peripateticis in eo collocatur quod à contradicentium conditione ſumunt, ad illud <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>viri ſanctiſsimi dicunt, id præſeferre quidem neceſsitatem conſequenti, non autem conſequentis, vtpo<lb></lb>te quae neceſſariò conſequatur, ſi affirmatio vel negatio ſunt veræ neceſſariò, quae hoc erit, aut non; non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>quae hoc, quod erit, aut non, neceſſariò futurum ſit, aut non, non ſecus àc ſi quis dicat video neceſſariò il<lb></lb>lum ambulantem, ergo ille ambulat neceſſariò. </s> <s>At verò non ſatis aptè dictum fuiſſe videtur, quando<lb></lb>quidem ſi antecedens fuerit ſimpliciter neceſſarium: ergo & conſequens neceſſarium ſimpliciter infe<lb></lb>ratur. </s> <s>Atqui antecedens eſt neceſſarium ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ne contingens euertatur, Ariſt. </s> <s>interpræta<lb></lb>tur antecedens vel diuiſim exponens, vel coniunctim, vel determinatè, & indeterminatè, & in contin<lb></lb>gentib. coniunctim, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> indeterminatè ipſum concedit, ex quo coniunctim & indeterminatè infertur <lb></lb>hoc futurum eſſe, aut non; negat <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> diuiſim & determinatè. </s> <s>Sic ſalua veritate antecedentis, contin<lb></lb>gentia conſiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> iudicium noſtrum oppugnat exemplum quo vtuntur, quoniam ſic video illum <lb></lb>ambulantem neceſſariò, quae non poſſum non videre ambulantem, vt ſi oculos claudere nequeam, atque <lb></lb>ille mihi obuiam fiat; tametſi non neceſſariò ambulat; at dum ipſum neceſſariò video ambulantem, <lb></lb>ambulat ille neceſſariò: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> antecedens eſt ex hypotheſi neceſſarium, ita & conſequens. </s> <s>Quæ verò <lb></lb>ab infinitate accipiuntur, quae nihil .ſ. </s> <s>ad Deum ſit infinitum, cùm ipſe ſit infinitus. </s> <s>ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> æqualia duo in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5539"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finita ſaltem priuatiuè. </s> <s>Quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> adiungitur de cognitione rerum quæ ſuccedunt in infinitum, hæc <lb></lb>ſe habere ſicuti circunferentiam, mentem verò quemadmodum centrum, proinde ſicut <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> circun<lb></lb>ferentiæ pars eſt centro præſens, ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> res intelligendas eſſe menti præſentes; quia cum illis quæcun<lb></lb>que ſint, ſemper eſt præſens tota eſſentia. </s> <s>Et hæc locum non inueniunt in Lycæo: nam de infinitate <lb></lb>Dei dictum eſt ante. </s> <s>De cognitione verò infiniti, apparet infinitum bifariam ſupponi notitiæ, vel ſe<lb></lb>cundum formam, hoc eſt noſci quæ ſit ratio infiniti, quae ſi ſpectetur eius materia, infinitum non poſſe <lb></lb>comprehendi, niſi quoad eſt finitum, ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> terminus in cognitione flagitatur, ſiue ille terminus <lb></lb>ſit intrinſecus, ſeu mens ipſa figat terminos. </s> <s>Quod autem pertinet ad exemplum; id quod accipitur, <lb></lb>euenit, cùm circulus abſolutus eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſi fieret circulus, quemadmodum fingunt Mathematici per li<lb></lb>neæ fluxum, certè non omnia circunferentiæ puncta ſimul eſſent, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ob id pręſentia centro. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>res naturales circulo fiunt: ergo non ſunt omnes vnà: <expan abbr="totumq́">totumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe pertinet quidem ad mentem; ad <lb></lb>rem verò <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cognitio eſt relatio cognoſcentis ad rem cognitam: ea verò ſi termini muten<lb></lb>tur, neceſſariò variatur. </s> <s>Aliqui illò ſe <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> in arcem recipiunt, quae Deus <foreign lang="grc">αἰτιωδῶς</foreign>, hoc eſt, cognoſcat ſe<lb></lb>ipſum, vt cauſſam reliquorum: proptereà cognoſcat illa, quae eorum cauſſam primam cognoſcat, atque <lb></lb>ita velit, volendo producat. </s> <s>Sed planè licet hoc Theophraſtus auctore Priſciano Lydo ſic doceat, mi<lb></lb>hi admodùm non arridet, quae ſic exiſtimem, tu iudex eſto, aut Dei cognitionem fore ad aliquid, aut <pb pagenum="968"></pb>cauſſæ cognitionem nihil ad exteriorum intelligentiam allaturam: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa vel abſolutè, vt res <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5540"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſpectatur, vel cum relatione ad id cuius eſt cauſſa. </s> <s>Quòd ſi priore modo conſideretur, ea resipſa <lb></lb>eſt, nempe eſſentia Dei, nihilominus ex hoc Dei cognitio non extenditur ad ea quorum eſt cauſſa; qua<lb></lb>re ad aliorum cognitionem noſſe item oportet ea quorum eſt cauſſa, ſeorſum; ſic ſcimus cùm non mo<lb></lb>dò cauſſam cognoſcimus, ſed quae huius eſt cauſſa: nam cauſſa quemadmodum ſuprà docuimus ex Plo<lb></lb>tino; per eſſentiam reſpicit id cuius eſt cauſſa. </s> <s>Sic cognitio Dei pendebit ex alio. </s> <s>Etiam dicitur Deum <lb></lb>cuncta noſſe vniuersè, nil autem ſingulare. </s> <s>Sed tum planè aliter noſceret àc ſint: nam quodcunque <lb></lb>per ſe eſt, indiuiduum eſt, & in ſeparatis à materia per eſſentiam propriam, & in materiatis per ſocieta<lb></lb>tem materiæ ſenſilis: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita Dei cognitio plena foret erroris. </s> <s>Verùm ſi demus etiam, ſic res à Deo co<lb></lb>gnoſci; at eo nomine ſunt æternæ; & ita carent efficiente cauſſa: quamobrem ita cognoſcentur, <lb></lb>quemadmodum non producuntur, vt verò producuntur; ſic autem ſunt indiuidua; non cognoſcen<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s>Multò minus mihi probatur, quae Deus alia cognoſcat eminenter, vt video tribui doctiſsimo Auer<lb></lb>roi: quia .ſ. </s> <s>ſeipſum intelligens, vnde ſunt omnia formaliter illa <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> intelligat; vt ſiquis ignis <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> <lb></lb>percipiens, vnde cæteris <expan abbr="cõicatur">conicatur</expan> ratio caloris; in eo calore calorem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cęterorum mente <expan abbr="cõprehen-dat">comprehen<lb></lb>dat</expan>. </s> <s>Etenim ratio cognoſcendi inutilis & imperfecta. </s> <s>Neque enim quicquam confert ad genera<lb></lb>tionem, nec ad efficientiam; illa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formaliter noſſe oportet quæ efficienda ſunt, vt artifices & officia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5541"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& opera ſua; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita concepta forma rei faciendæ mouere inſtrumenta. </s> <s>Cognitio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> abſoluitur <lb></lb>notis internis rei principiis, ac forma præcipuè. </s> <s>Atqui in hac notitia quam modo tractamus nihil in<lb></lb>eſſe ſuo cognoſcitur. </s> <s>Forte dices ita hîc euenire, ſicut vbi per menſuram aliquid noſcitur: ex pręſtan<lb></lb>tioris <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> notitia de minus præſtante iudicium fertur. </s> <s>At memineris notitiam quæ fit per modum men<lb></lb>ſuræ eſſe collationem quandam quæ ſine collatis non percipitur: quare & eo cognitio ſibi ſupponit <lb></lb>notitiam rerum formalem: niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cognoſcam quod mihi per ferrum obricitur, nihil decernere de il<lb></lb>lius precio potero. </s> <s>Non multò ante hæc tempora approbata eſt à nonnullis ea via, quae Deus alia à ſeipſo <lb></lb>terminatiuè cognoſcat. </s> <s>Terminum verò accipio vocem, ſeu notionem rei quæ per vocem expreſſa <lb></lb>ſedat <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> audientib. id autem eſſe ſolet <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> nomen accipit ab aliqua categoria, vt dici ſub<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5542"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtantia poſsit, aut quantum, & reliqua, aut eorum aliquid quod <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> pars eſt enuntiationis, vt no<lb></lb>men .ſ. </s> <s>& verbum. </s> <s>Nunc noſtræ menti quicquid eſt tale terminus eſt, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> tale eſt per actum; actus <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> generatim eſt eius perfectio, cùm ſit <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> intelligenda potentia. </s> <s>Cùm verò eueniat, vt noſtra mens <lb></lb>ab initio ſit rudis, à nob. </s> <s>quidem notis ad ignota, & ab ignotis natura ad nota aſcendere cogitur, poſt <lb></lb>verò cùm fœcunda eſt in eorum virtute quæ ſunt nota natura, illa etiam quæ natura ſunt obſcura, com<lb></lb>prehendit, in horum verò notitia fit, vt ſeipſam cognoſcat: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ipſa ſibi terminus eſt per accidens. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb>rum Deus ſibi ipſi terminus eſt; quae in illo ſunt adæquata poteſtas, & actus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſemper habet notitiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5543"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diſtinctam; tamen <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſi adæquatè ſit ſuiipſius, extenditur item ad alia, vt .ſ. </s> <s>per ſe ipſam alia nota <expan abbr="fiũt">fiunt</expan>: <lb></lb>habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rationes omnium, ſic vniuerſalium, & eſſentiarum, quia ipſamet eſt eſſentia prima, ſicut etiam <lb></lb>ſingularium; quoniam & in ipſa eſt ratio materiæ, quæ caput eſt ſingularib. sed enim hoc eſt ideas po<lb></lb>nere, & omnia illa conſequuntur quæ ſigillatim de externorum cognitione nuper attulimus. </s> <s>At in<lb></lb>quies, multa ſunt quæ contra noſtrum decretum inferuntur, quæ tibi purganda reſtant, ſi Peripateti<lb></lb>cos defendere placeat. </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> deſunt rationes, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dicta Peripateticorum <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> conuincatur oppo<lb></lb>ſitum. </s> <s>Primò cognitis eſſentiæ principiis eſſentia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> cognoſcitur. </s> <s>Sed à Deo cognoſcuntur prin<lb></lb>cipia rerum non minus vniuerſarum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſingularum. </s> <s>ergo & eſſentiæ cum vniuerſalium, tum item ſin<lb></lb>gularium à Deo noſcuntur. </s> <s>Aſſumptio probatur. </s> <s>Intelligere in Deo eſt ſua eſſentia. </s> <s>Ergo oportet <lb></lb>illa intelligere quę <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ſunt in eſſentia ſua. </s> <s>At verò in ea ſunt omnia quę habent eſſe <expan abbr="quo-cunq.">quo<lb></lb>cunque</expan> modo habeant eſſe ſiue per ſe, vt ſubſtantiæ, ſiue in alio, vt accidentia, ſiue actu, ſeu poteſtate. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo etiam cognoſcit ea quæ ſunt in ipſius eſſentia <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> Prætereà ſi generis natura noſcen<lb></lb>da eſt illius etiam primæ affectiones notæ ſint neceſſe eſt, vt ſi noſcendus numerus, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> noſcenda ſunt <lb></lb>par & impar. </s> <s>Atqui vniuerſale & ſingulare ſunt affectiones entis: ergo cogniturus ens, cogitur noſ<lb></lb>ſe vniuerſale, & ſingulare. </s> <s>Quia verò hęc bifariam ſu mi poſſunt, ſecundùm formam, & ſecundùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5544"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiam; nonmodò vniuerſitas & ſingularitas, vel indiuiduatio, & vnitas noſcendæ ſunt, ſed ea ſub<lb></lb>iecta <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> hæc inſunt: inſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per modum accidentis; accidens autem ſine ſubiecto ſimpliciter non <lb></lb>concipitur. </s> <s>Tertiò Deus eſt ſuum eſſe, & ſuum intelligere. </s> <s>Ergo ſicut in ipſo inueniuntur omnes eſſen<lb></lb>di perfectiones, ſic <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in ipſo inueniantur oportet omnes perfectiones cognoſcendi: etenim ex om<lb></lb>ni obiecto <expan abbr="quodcuuq.">quodcuuque</expan> fit, accedit facultati cognoſcendi perfectio. </s> <s>Etiam virtus ſuperior ad plura ſe ex<lb></lb>tendit, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> inferior. </s> <s>Sed mens noſtra concipit vniuerſale. </s> <s>Mens igitur diuina cùm excedat, intelliget prę<lb></lb>tereà ſingulare. </s> <s>Rurſus valde diſtant cognitio humana, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuina: quando in nob. </s> <s>eſt per aſsimila<lb></lb>tionem mentis ad res, in Deo per aſsimilationem rerum ad ipſum. </s> <s>Ex hoc fit, vt ſingula, quia ſimilia <lb></lb>Deo ſunt, ab ipſo noſcantur; à mente verò noſtra <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan>; quia cùm ſit immateriata, non poteſt aſsi<lb></lb>milari reb. materiatis, quales ſunt ſingulares. </s> <s>Sexto cognitio Dei eſt practica: verſatur ergo in noti<lb></lb>tia ſingularium. </s> <s>Amplius mouet per intellectum & appetitum: cognoſcit igitur ea quæ mouet, & <lb></lb>motum quem exhibet. </s> <s>Ariſt. </s> <s>item ſic ſenſiſſe videtur accuſans Democritum, is autem omnia per con<lb></lb>tactum noſci volebat, eo nomine quae Deus eſſet homine inſipientior: multo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pauciora noſſet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> homo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ergo alia extra ſe, necnon ſingularia noſcit Deus. </s> <s>Accedit eodem auctoritas Auerrois qui aliquan<lb></lb>do teſtatus ſit ſe in explicatione cuiuſdam quęſtionis à Deo fuiſſe illuminatum. </s> <s>Cognoſcit igitur alia <lb></lb>extra ſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> enim id pręſtare potuiſſet, niſi plane etiam ſingularem illam quæſtionem concepiſſet. <pb pagenum="969"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5545"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> item vilia cognitionem Dei declinant. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> virtus præſtantior quę magis agit in obiectum remo<lb></lb>tum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> proximum, & quæ à minori afficitur quàm à maiori. </s> <s>Sed à natura diuina quò viliora ſunt, ma<lb></lb>gis abſunt, & minus entia ſunt. </s> <s>Mala <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in cognitionem Dei cadunt. </s> <s>Oppoſita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſimul cogno<lb></lb>ſcuntur. </s> <s>Sed bonum à Deo cognoſcitur, cùm ipſe à ſeipſo ſpectatur. </s> <s>Ergo & malum. </s> <s>Nos ordi<lb></lb>ne reſpondeamus ad ſingula. </s> <s>Accipitur primo cognitis eſſentiæ principiis eſſentia cognoſcitur. </s> <s>Di<lb></lb>co eſſentiæ principia eſſe externa, vel interna, & eſſentiam ſumi vel propriè quæ eſt ex forma, & parti<lb></lb>bus eius, vel logicè quæ pendet ex <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere cauſſarum. </s> <s>Necnon ſcientiam eſſe ſimpliciter, quę <lb></lb>plurib. methodis continetur, vel in genere quæ <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> methodi propria eſt. </s> <s>Concedo igitur cognitis <lb></lb>eſſentiæ principiis internis eſſentiam propriè cognoſci, externis autem cognitis cognoſci eſſentiam quę <lb></lb>logicè ſumitur. </s> <s>Prætereà ſcientiam ſimpliciter per omnia principia comparari, & tum demum ab<lb></lb>ſolui, cùm ad vltimam cauſſam peruentum eſt; vltima verò ſimpliciter eſt primus finis. </s> <s>Cùm verò re<lb></lb>ſoluendo noſtra mens principia rerum inueniat; efficitur, vt vltimus finis vltimo loco nob. </s> <s>occurrat. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> tum demum ſimpliciter, & abſolutè noſcamus, cùm primum finem aſſecuti ſumus; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſignum <lb></lb>nos iam adeptos fuiſſe cauſſas illas è <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> eſſentia propriè cognoſcitur. </s> <s>Ergo propoſitio aſſumpta <lb></lb>non eſt vera ſimpliciter, ſed vbi logicè ſcientia tradatur, & vbi verſemur in ſcientia abſoluta, non in <lb></lb>genere quæ .ſ. </s> <s>è plurib. habitib. conſtat; ſed ſi fuerit vnus habitus, & naturalis in internis principiis, obti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5546"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>net ſolùm veritatem etiam dato illo quae eſſentia cognoſcatur; non ideò cognoſcitur ſingulare, eo item <lb></lb>poſito, quae per certum ſingulare noſcatur vniuerſale; ſed oportet inducere vt patet 1. Poſt. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Analyſ. </s> <s>con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5547"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſingulare ex materia ſenſili quæ non eſt mentis obiectum. </s> <s>Proptereà non ſequitur. </s> <s>Eſſentiæ <lb></lb>principia mente comprehenduntur, quanuis interna ſint; ergo & ea in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> illa ſunt. </s> <s>Rurſus ſtatuitur <lb></lb>intelligere in Deo eſſe ſuam eſſentiam: eſt planè eſſentia Dei intelligere quod extra ipſum non proce<lb></lb>dit, quia <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> per aliud vt ſpeciem fit, ſicut in nob. </s> <s>nec ab obiecto pendet externo, ſed quod externum <lb></lb>quoquomodo flagitat, eſſentia non eſt. </s> <s>Quare intelligere quæ ſunt extra, non eſt eius eſſentia, aut ſi <lb></lb>intelligere eſt eius eſſentia, non intelligit ea quæ ſunt extra. </s> <s>Huc adde, quòd eſſe in aliquo contingit <lb></lb>bifariam vel ineſſe exiſtentiæ, vel ineſſe cognito. </s> <s>Vt igitur fateor quæ ſunt in aliquo vt eſſe cognito, ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò cognoſci, ſic inficior ea quæ ſunt ineſſe exiſtentiæ, non neceſſariò noſci debere, velut in intelli<lb></lb>gendi facultate continetur alens & ſentiens, neutiquam tamen neceſſe eſt, vt ſciamus, aut mente conci<lb></lb>piamus illa quæ facit alens, vt in ſomnis, nec etiam vt mente comprehendamus quicquid ſenſui ſeſe <lb></lb>offert, ſicut in ebriis, pueris, & ægrotis, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> mente conſopita ſola ſentiens officio fungitur. </s> <s>Ergo <lb></lb>etiam ſi Deus eminenter omnia contineat, non idcirco omnia ſunt in eo, vt in eſſe cognito. </s> <s>Ad ſecun<lb></lb>dum. </s> <s>Scire licet, mentem primo ferri in ipſum quid eſt, reliqua reſpicere vel propter ſocietatem corpo<lb></lb>ris, cuius priuilegio ſibi ſupponit munera ſenſuum, vel obiectorum quæ ſunt adnexa materiæ ſenſili. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5548"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſum verò quid eſt per ſe non eſſe nec vniuerſale, nec ſingulare. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Quare ſi fieri poſſet, vt mens noſtra <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5549"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>foret extra corpus, & eius obiecta à materia ſenſili ſegregata; profectò nec quid vniuerſale foret, nec <lb></lb>quid ſingulare, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> noſceret, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> opus eſſet. </s> <s>Quòd igitur huiuſmodi entis affectiones cognoſcan<lb></lb>tur; ideſt ex euento, & ab externo. </s> <s>Ideò cùm mens diuina nullum inierit cum corpore commertium, <lb></lb>ſuo nomine non percipit has differentias. </s> <s>Quod ſi mens ſeparata fertur in quid eſt (niſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> feratur in ip<lb></lb>ſum, prohibet commertium corporis) <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſuapte natura abſtrahitur ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> Planum quae mens diui<lb></lb>na non comprehendit aliud ſingulare vel vniuerſale, <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> id in quo idem eſt eſſe ſimpliciter & eſ<lb></lb>ſe hoc, illud verò proprium eſt eorum quæ ſeparata ſunt à materia ſenſili. </s> <s>Noto <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, cùm ſumitur <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe ens vniuerſale, vniuerſale eſſe duplex, vel abſtractum, & ante multa, vel in plurib. Deus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> eſt vni<lb></lb>uerſale vt <foreign lang="grc">ἐξῃρημένον</foreign>, & abſtractum, ante multa, non in multis. </s> <s>At verò ſingulare, & vniuerſale ſunt <lb></lb>affectiones eius entis quod non eſt abſtractum, ſed contingit eſſe in multis, & cùm ſit vnum per eſſen<lb></lb>tiam, aſſumptione materiæ poteſt fieri multa. </s> <s>Ad tertium dicimus, poteſtates & actus <expan abbr="ſecũ">ſecum</expan> congrue<lb></lb>re, atque adeò vt omnis poteſtas ab illo actu perficiatur, ad quem ſuapte natura contendit: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>actus qui conuenit equo, eſt perfectio poteſtatis quæ eſt in cane, ſed ſuum ipſius bonum eſt certum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quare cùm ſenſile vt actus, ſenſus vt poteſtas ſecum conueniant; ſenſile non poteſt alterius facultatis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5550"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſe perfectio, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſenſus. </s> <s>Speciatim verò de notitia ſingularium mentionem fecit Ariſt. 1. & 12. primæ <lb></lb>philoſophiæ, vbi oſtendit officium ſapientis eſſe non ſigillatim, ſed vniuersè cognoſcere, ac <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> phi<lb></lb>loſophiam eo nomine commendauit, quae vniuerſalia tractaret: demum regis exemplo perſuaſit omnia <lb></lb>noſſe nihil facere ad perfectionem. </s> <s>Si verò <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> facultatis perfectionem eſſe cenſeas ſenſile; pone<lb></lb>re cogeris aliquam facultatem <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> communem, quæ nulla excogitata eſt à Philoſopho: quod <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-uenit">con<lb></lb>uenit</expan> per ſe plurib etiam vni quod <expan abbr="vtriſq.">vtriſque</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> inſit, competat oportet. </s> <s>Non igitur plures actus <lb></lb>ſunt perfectiones facultatis vnius, ſed ſua <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> poteſtatis, vt mentis res intelligenda. </s> <s>Videtur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles non ex obiectorum multitudine præſtantiam facultatis oſtendiſſe, ſed ex certitudine de<lb></lb>monſtrationis ſimplicitate, & nobilitate ſubiecti. </s> <s>In ſingularib. nihil ex his; quippe quae eorum nulla ſit <lb></lb>demonſtratio propter infinitatem & inconſtantiam, nulla ſimplicitas: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> præſtantia propter mate<lb></lb>riæ, & potentiæ ſocietatem. </s> <s>Radix argumenti 5. accipit quicquid eſt in Deo, eſſe in eſſe intelligen<lb></lb>do, quod nos inficiamur omnino. </s> <s>Negat autem Philoſophus Dei cognitionem eſſe practicam. </s> <s>Nos <lb></lb>item negamus Deum mouere per mentem, & appetitum. </s> <s>Verùm paullò poſt de hoc ipſo verba fa<lb></lb>ciemus. </s> <s>Valet autem Ariſt. </s> <s>argumentum in Empedoclem qui nullum alium cognitionis modum ex<lb></lb>cogitauerat præter contactum: ex quo etiam ſequebatur, vt is eſſet ſapientior qui plura attingeret. </s> <s>id <lb></lb>confutat Ariſt. </s> <s>Illuminatio verò quæ fit à mente agente per Auerrois diſciplinam, non ſit cum cogni <pb pagenum="970"></pb>tione ſingularium quæ illuminantur, ſed vi quadam natiua. </s> <s>Nam ſicuti Sol illuminat colores, & red<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5551"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dit eos acta viſiles, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen ipſe videt, ſic ille de mente actuoſa profitetur. </s> <s>Quocirca nihil ad rem. <lb></lb></s> <s>Multa verò deſidero in illo argumento quo probatur Deum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> vilia cognoſcere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> enim Dei <lb></lb>mens eſt facultas patibilis, vt in nob. </s> <s>ideò eſt agens. </s> <s>Sed hoc agere non eſt mentis quoad mens eſt, ve<lb></lb>rùm exceſſus eſſentiæ quæ per ſe ipſam neceſſaria eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inſuper eſt cauſſa primò rei neceſſariæ, dein<lb></lb>ceps omnium. </s> <s>Ex hoc igitur exceſſu eſſentiæ, non autem intelligentiæ iudicanda eſt ſublimitas eius. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam facultas cognoſcens <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ſe habeat illius iudicio, cedit obiecto. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſi facultas obie<lb></lb>cto finitur; etiam vilia afferunt illi perfectionem. </s> <s>Cùm verò id abſurdum ſit; etenim perfectiſsima <lb></lb>res eſt: ideò <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam vilia comprehendet. </s> <s>Ad vltimum reſpondemus ea quæ ſunt extra Deum, <lb></lb>ad ipſum ſe habere veluti priuationes. </s> <s>Nunc priuatio cognoſcitur ab ea mente tantummodò quæ eſt <lb></lb>in potentia quoad eſt in potentia; hoc eſt ad illud quod ipſa eſt in potentia. </s> <s>Deus autem nihil eſt in po<lb></lb>tentia. </s> <s>Non igitur cognoſcit priuationem. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> aliud extra ſe. </s> <s>Quòd ſi tu opineris etiam illa quę <lb></lb>ſunt extra ipſum habere propriam eſſentiam; illis iam te obſtringam quæ ſupra attulimus, vt nihil <lb></lb>amplius de hoc apud Peripateticos ſit dubitandum. </s> <s>Quapropter, vt eò redeam, vnde huc effluxit ora<lb></lb>tio, concludamus ex his non producere Deum, quo ad cognoſcit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Dei cognitionem eſſe cauſſam <lb></lb>productionis, vt Peripatetici putant, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> Deum volendo producere. </s> <s>Hæc igitur demus Theologis, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5552"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſanctis viris, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inter philoſophos Academiæ relinquamus, quæ bona quadam fortuna, dum men<lb></lb>tis errore deuoluta ſenſilia deſerit; intelligenda conſectatur; multorum prærogatiuam quæ diuinitùs <lb></lb>patent, ſibi vendicauit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi appetitus & mentis opus in motione, & productione requiritur; id <lb></lb>totum primo mobili concedatur, vnde exoritur omnis elementorum commutatio, propagatio mixto<lb></lb>rum, & <expan abbr="pleraq.">pleraque</expan> animalium generatio. </s> <s>hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſummum illud bonum teneat, & exoptet neceſſe eſt, eius <lb></lb>motum poſtmodo rerum caducarum viciſsitudo conſequitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> talis eſt conditio primi mouen<lb></lb>tis, vt, quamuis moueat; aliquid à ſe transfundat, per quod <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> formam deducat ad actum id quod <lb></lb>à ſe ipſo mouetur; vt in cauſſas efficienteis euenire ſolet: ſed in ſe ipſo manens illud præſtat ſolum, vt <lb></lb>à cæteris ex petatur; ea verò cùm ex ſe ipſis mobilia ſint, ſe ipſa primum mouent; deinde <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> iis exhi<lb></lb>bent quæ ſibi contigua ſunt; nec ex ſe ipſis moueri queunt. </s> <s>Itaque cùm dicitur, Deum mouere intelli<lb></lb>gendo, & volendo, non ſic Peripateticè exponamus, quae intelligat & velit; quam Theologi ſcientiam vo<lb></lb>cant approbationis, ſed quae intelligatur, & expetatur; & libertatem, ſeu voluntatem, veluti notam perfe<lb></lb>ctionis cuiuſdam, nec ſummæ tamen, verùm aliqua ex parte diminutæ homini tantùm inter viuentia <lb></lb>concedamus: nam bruta non ſic natura prouexit, vt bonum à malo diſcernerent, & rebus ſuis conſu<lb></lb>lere poſſent. </s> <s>æternis, cùm bonum ſimplex, & abſolutum obiiceretur, <expan abbr="omniq́">omnique</expan>. </s> <s>excellentia præditum ni<lb></lb>hil offenderet mali, nulla electione, aut conſilio fuit opus: homini ſoli id datum eſt. </s> <s>vt cùm è duob. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5553"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>principiis conſtaret, appetitu .ſ. </s> <s>& ratione, & obiectum haberet bonum, quod mutabile eſt, & quando<lb></lb>que bonum non eſt, ſed apparet bonum, aut etiam malum eſt; eguit ad ſui tutelam mutabili volunta<lb></lb>te, vt modò nollet, quod antea volebat, mox contrà curioſiſsime affectaret & in id <expan abbr="niteret̃">niteretur</expan> quod prius <lb></lb>repudiabat. </s> <s>Quare, ſiquando liber habeatur Deus, & ſui iuris ex iſtimetur, ambiguè ſic dicitur; & ita <lb></lb>nuncupatur, quòd ſit <foreign lang="grc">ἀδέσποτος</foreign>, nihil habeat ad quod viuat, & ſeipſo contentus ſit, ſine cæteris eſſe <lb></lb>poſsit, & beatiſsimo ocio frui, ſit omnium ipſe finis, & ex eius motu pendeant omnia quæ ſunt extra <lb></lb>ipſum. </s> <s>Huc ergo detorſit Peripateticos, ſenſus ille communis, quòd libertas, & voluntas ſigna cu<lb></lb>iuſdam vitij forent; nec abſolutam præſtantiam indicarent, qualis in homine comperitur. </s> <s>Sed & <lb></lb>Deus agit intelligens, & volens, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>mouet ſecundùm naturam & præter, non ad ſeipſum, ſed <lb></lb>ad ea quę mouentur; nihil enim apud ipſum poteſt eſſe præter naturam, qui vniuerſis bene vti nouit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ideò cuncta per inficiationem euertuntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5532"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5533"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5534"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5535"></margin.target>a Lib. <foreign lang="grc">π<gap></gap><lb></lb>ρὶ ἐρμ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5536"></margin.target>b 2. Poſt. <lb></lb><lb></lb>2. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5537"></margin.target>c 5. p. </s> <s>p.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5538"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5539"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5540"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5541"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5542"></margin.target>a Lib. <foreign lang="grc">π<gap></gap><lb></lb>ρὶ ἐρμ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5543"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5544"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5545"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5546"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5547"></margin.target>a T. 4.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5548"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5549"></margin.target>b 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5550"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5551"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5552"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5553"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quid Peripateticè dicendum ſit ad ea quæ contra hanc partem problematis ſit'ne in Deo libertas, <lb></lb>allata ſunt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5554"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5554"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC Simplicij <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> propemodum ſententia fuit quam ſecutus eſt Auerroës. </s> <s>mihi verò magis arri<arrow.to.target n="marg5555"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>det, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> Alexandri placitum qui vim tribuebat ipſis cęlis appetendi repugnantia, ſed cùm boni ſint, <lb></lb>ſemper idem velle, quòd ſit bonum, nec illis aliter euenire, àc bonis eueniat, qui ſanè & bonum velle, <lb></lb>& nolle poſſunt, & bonum & malum; nihilominus eligunt bonum, quia boni. </s> <s>Cæterùm viris illis hoc <lb></lb>non erat iniuria ſuſpectum, quae in iis potentia non niſi ambiguè poni poſsit quæ reperiebatur in homi<lb></lb>ne ſimpliciter: etenim poteſt homo velle & nolle, & approbare bonum & malum, quae aliquando vult <lb></lb>bonum, & eligit malum: ſed quomodò licet in cęlo potentiam conſtituere, cùm ea <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> deducatur <lb></lb>ad actum? </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> fruſtra eſſet. </s> <s>Eſt igitur ſic moueri cęlo neceſsitas, nec ſanè violenta, verùm naturalis, quae <lb></lb>natum aptum eſt cęlum ſic moueri ab intelligentia, & Deo, vt non aliter moueri poſsit, nec Deus cùm <lb></lb>ſit per ſe expetendum; poſsit aliter mouere, àc moueat: ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod in ipſo mobili naturale eſt, in mo<lb></lb>uente non eſt naturale, niſi eſſentiam ponas eſſe naturam: quare motum faciat naturalem quidem, ſed <lb></lb>non mouet, vt res naturalis. </s> <s>atque ea neceſsitas eſt quæ longo tractu ſuperat naturam. </s> <s>Hæ cùm ita <lb></lb>ſe habeant, ſpectandum eſt nunc, an ea quæ obiecta fuerunt, id poſsint quod pollicentur, vt alios exci<lb></lb>temus ad excogitanda quæ plus habeant virium ad ſuum placitum confirmandum, ſi modò rationes <lb></lb>naturales affectant, aut à Peripateticis auxilium implorare volunt, vt hęc ipſa, quanuis certiſsima per<lb></lb>ſuadeant: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ſingularum rationum vires mox per pendamus. </s> <s>Accipit D. Thomas, omnem formam <pb pagenum="971"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5556"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>reſpicere aliquid externum. </s> <s>Hæc autem propoſitio ſimpliciter ſumpta falſa eſt: etenim forma ali<lb></lb>qua, ipſa etiam approbante, nil aliud reſpicit, ſed reſpicitur tantùm, veluti Deus ad quem alia referun<lb></lb>tur, ipſe verò ad nihil. </s> <s>Verùm fac eum reſpectum accipi inter <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> pro captu noſtro, non ſecundùm <lb></lb>naturam: ipſe ſibi auſam præcidit, dum docet poſteà ſentientem, & intelligentem non præſeferre ha<lb></lb>bitudinem ad res, ſed contrà res ad ipſas. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Et hoc item falsò acceptum: ſiquidem mens, & ſenſus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5557"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad aliud referuntur, ſicut ſcientia refertur ad ſcibile. </s> <s>Tamen hoc dimiſſo ſpectemus punctum dif<lb></lb>ficultatis. </s> <s>Sint intelligere & ſentire functiones immanentes, ſola voluntas ſit ad externum: at vo<lb></lb>luntas externorum data eſt illis quæ indigent aliis ad ſui tutelam, vt per illa bene habeant, quorum <lb></lb>nihil Deo concedendum, cùm ſibi ipſe ſufficiat ſolus. </s> <s>Quamobrem eo dato, quae referatur ad aliud, non <lb></lb>idcirco per voluntatem refertur, ſed per eſſentiam, & vi quadam natiua, non libera, ex hoc ſequitur, vt <lb></lb>Deus, quanuis ſit mens, & efficiat motum; non ita faciat per voluntatem, quia nil aliud ſibi eſt bonum <lb></lb>præter ſeipſum, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> aliud intelligit, vt dictum eſt, ſed per eſſentiam ſolam efficit motum, dum <lb></lb>ſeipſum qui bonus eſt, ſpectandum & expetendum cæteris offert. </s> <s>eorum intelligentia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> voluntas <lb></lb>eſt cauſſa motus. </s> <s>Reliqua, vt inſtituimus, deinceps perſequamur. </s> <s>Accipiebatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum primis <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> men<lb></lb>tis comitem eſſe voluntatem. </s> <s>Verumenimuero, & ſi reliquis mentib. excepta prima conceditur; at <lb></lb>id maximè abhorrere videtur à prima. </s> <s>in hac <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> via ſuccurrit qua voluntas collocanda ſit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5558"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tè opus eſt. </s> <s>Nam ſi ad omnia præſtanda quæ requirit natura, ſat eſt, ſi voluntas & appetitus aliis ad<lb></lb>ſcribantur; cur igitur nouam quandam voluntatem in Deo comminiſci? </s> <s><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> cæteris mentib. ea quę <lb></lb>tribuitur voluntas (ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> appetitus ille vocatur, qui naſcitur à mente) eſt ambiguè; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> oppoſita re<lb></lb>ſpicit, vt noſtra, id ſolùm oppoſiti in ea continetur, quae intra ſe non habet <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> integritatem; ſed aliun<lb></lb>de petat neceſſe eſt: attamen id quod ipſa deſiderat, aſsiduè præſtò eſt: noſtra ſæpè fruſtratur, & actu <lb></lb>priuata eſt eo bono quod cupit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id rectè acceptum eſt Deum non eſſe efficiens naturale .i. </s> <s>quod <lb></lb>faciat motum naturalem: quando naturale efficiens, aut mouendo moueatur; aut agat præfinitò: cùm <lb></lb>id primum ſit efficientis veri, quale Peripateticè negamus eſſe Deum: falſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit Deum ad om<lb></lb>neis effectus æquè concurrere. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id fieri poteſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſi iam poſſet, voluntarium agens eſſe indi<lb></lb>caret. </s> <s>Nam proximè à Deo pendet cęlum in ordine ſenſilium, quod eſt primum mobile; tum ab hoc <lb></lb>reliqua mouentur quæ propter illam perpetuam <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> quæ in cęlo conſtantiſsima ſpectatur, cauſ<lb></lb>ſa ſubinde eſt, aſsiduæ mutationis, quam in inferiore mundo natura molitur: in illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> corpore beatiſ<lb></lb>ſimo geminus eſt motus, alter ſuperior à dextris, quem cauſſam <foreign lang="grc">ταυτότητος</foreign> .i. </s> <s>conſtantię Plato ſtatue<lb></lb>bat, vnde orietur perpetuitas; alter illi propè oppoſitus à ſiniſtris, quem ipſe cauſſam <foreign lang="grc">τοῦ ἄλλοτε ἄλ<lb></lb>λως</foreign> .i. </s> <s>varietatis eſſe dicebat: ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> varietas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ea quidem perpetua deſcendit comite materia, <lb></lb>quam contraria ſubſequuntur, à <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> omnis contingentia naſcitur. </s> <s>Non igitur æquè Deus ad om<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5559"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nia concurrit; ſed vnius proximè cauſſa eſt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſt primum contingentiæ caput. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> generatim fie<lb></lb>ri poteſt, vt oppoſita proximè ex vno deducantur: nanque & in cauſſa ipſa varietas aliqua flagitatur; <lb></lb>quapropter hoc, non aliud efficiat; & in cæteris vel abſentia cauſſæ, vel affectio materiæ differentiam <lb></lb>cauſſæ monſtrant: aliter non intelligo, cur idem Sol hyeme noſtram <expan abbr="regionẽ">regionem</expan> frigore afficeret, & æſtu <lb></lb>vnà torreret antichthona: eadem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa eſt, & materia eadem. </s> <s>Verùm demus etiam æquè concur<lb></lb>rere cauſſam quandam ad plureis effectus propagandos; eſt ne idcirco voluntas? </s> <s>Minimè verò: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>id proprium voluntatis eſt, ſed obiectorum mutatio, & inconſtantia cauſſa eſt omnis varietatis in ip<lb></lb>ſo. </s> <s>Ab illo igitur quod non ſequitur voluntatem, in Deo voluntatem eſſe conuincere nituntur, vt ſi <lb></lb>equum animal diuinum efficere ſtudeant, quia ſit natans. </s> <s>Non video etiam, cur minus in ſole volun<lb></lb>tas ponenda ſit; quia ceram liquefaciat, & vnà lutum cogat; aut in igni item qui ab initio colliquare <lb></lb>ſolet nonnulla, quæ procedens poſtmodo cogit. </s> <s>Nil amplius addam; ſed eorum tarditatem dunta<lb></lb>xat admirabor. </s> <s>Non eſt item ſuſpicandum voluntatem illam quæ ſit indeterminata, ſignificare per<lb></lb>fectionem ſimpliciter; ſed in genere mortalium & eorum quæ appetitu bruto pollent: nam ſic corri<lb></lb>gi poteſt facultas illa effrenis quæ homines ad turpia trahit, & ventri, ac libidini pronos facit, & ab al<lb></lb>tera quæ præſtans eſt, erigitur ad honeſta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ſublimia, <expan abbr="ſimulq́">ſimulque</expan>. </s> <s>intenditur ad virtutes, vt iis aſſuetudi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5560"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne comparatis, ad contemplationem, quę cęterarum eſt ſuprema, & pulcherrima functio, conuerti poſ<lb></lb>ſimus. </s> <s>idcirco in æternis Ariſtoteles, ex eo quae appetendum foret vnum, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>à materia ſeparatum, <lb></lb>vnum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mobile eſſe concludebat, & motum vnum. </s> <s>& ſanè ſi <expan abbr="appetẽs">appetens</expan> æternum eſt, & iam, quod <lb></lb>optimum ſit, expertum fuit; ridiculum ſit, ſi cum alio <expan abbr="cõmutare">commutare</expan> velit; neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> poteſt in melius; cùm<lb></lb>que abſit à corpore illo diuiniſsimo priuatio, nullus alius actus eius appetitum explere poſsit, proin<lb></lb>de <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ipſum præſentis boni ſatias capit: fruſtra igitur illi dederit natura <expan abbr="voluntatẽ">voluntatem</expan>, qua modò hoc, <lb></lb>aliàs aliud exoptet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> id aliud eſſet profectò, quàm fingere aliquid ſtatu pręſente melius eſſe, quem <lb></lb>tamen perpetuò retinebunt; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> natura contenderet ad bonum, ſed in peſsimo ſtatu perpetuò conſer<lb></lb>uaret. </s> <s>Cùm accipitur item ſecundam cauſſam ſic operari, quemadmodum mouetur à prima: ſatis <lb></lb>de hac re libris ſuperiorib. expoſitum eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oſtenſum, vt prima cauſſa moueret ſecundas, & vnde <lb></lb>contingentia naſceretur: & concluſum eſt id conſequi quod opponitur, ſi cauſſa prima moueat ſe<lb></lb>cundas afferendo vim, ſed illas ita mouet, quia ſuæ naturæ <expan abbr="quanq.">quanque</expan> commendat, & ſe oſtentando ſu<lb></lb>ſcitans appetitum cuius gratia pro ſuo captu ſingula operantur. </s> <s>nec ſecus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Rex qui militib. vtitur <lb></lb>ad bellandum, doctorib. ad docendum, & reliquis ad illa munera ad quæ pro ſua conditione deſtina<lb></lb>ta ſunt. </s> <s>Quocirca cùm cauſſa ſecunda contrarium habeat; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materię facultas quę radix eſt oppo<lb></lb>ſitionis, hinc efficitur, vt ſecunda impedita fine ſuo non potiatur. </s> <s>Non igitur pugnant hæc indetermi <pb pagenum="972"></pb>natio .ſ. </s> <s>& contingentia, & id, quae Deus neceſſariò moueat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eius neceſsitas in id explicatur quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5561"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>proximè ab ipſo pendet, eſt verò cęlum, & hoc neceſſariò voluitur; non autem pertinet ad reliqua quę <lb></lb>pendent ab ipſo quibuſdam interuallis, cùm ibi ſit eius naturę ſocietas, & participatio quę tuetur op<lb></lb>poſita. </s> <s>Veniamus nunc ad auctoritateis Peripateticorum. </s> <s>Fertur, Deos poſſe mala facere: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>Alexander pro Diis bonos interprętatur. </s> <s>potes dicere tu Heroas qui in genere humano pręſtantiſsi<lb></lb>mi ſunt. </s> <s>Aut id in Topicis aſſeueratum melius dixeris, vbi probabilia perquiruntur: inuafit autem <lb></lb>nos opinio Deos mala facere poſſe, vt ſic eorum pręſtantiam celebremus exemplo commoti Regum <lb></lb>quorum poteſtas ſæpe ad malum in ſubiectis exercetur; neque rerum naturam ſpectamus, quæ vult <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">τῶν κακῶν δύναμιν</foreign> eſſe <foreign lang="grc">ἀδυναμίαν</foreign>, ideſt, poteſtatem malorum eſſe impotentiam. </s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> planè <lb></lb>magis oppugnare videtur eſſentiam diuinam, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> eſſe maleficium. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> par omnino eſt ratio Regum <lb></lb>& Dei. </s> <s>Regib. enim aliquid aduerſatur, Deus longiſsimo interuallo omnia ſuperat: nihil ergo timet; <lb></lb>Regum appetitus poteſt eſſe corruptus; homines <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>Deus nil appetit; & ſi appeteret, id omne re<lb></lb>ctiſsimum foret: malum omne naſcitur ex impotentia, quæ eſt aſſecla materiæ è loco ſuperiore actu <lb></lb>& forma bonum deſcendit aſsiduè quod eſt bonum ſimpliciter, & per ſe <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> melius aptum (ſi nori<lb></lb>mus) <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dolium cani, vt eſt in prouerbio. </s> <s>Proinde ſapientiſsimè Socrates id optabat & præcabatur, <lb></lb>vt quæ bona eſſent, ſibi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> bona viderentur. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſæpeq́">ſæpeque</expan>. </s> <s>euenit homini imprudenti idem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ægrotis <lb></lb>quib. vinum, quanuis ſuauiſsimum, faſtidium affert, quod tamen non à vini prauitate, ſed à guſtu de<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5562"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prauato proficiſcitur, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquit Ariſt. 8. Polit. quod eſt <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> naturam ſolet eſſe incundum. </s> <s>Pro<lb></lb>inde cùm eorum animus ſit <foreign lang="grc">παρεστραμμένος</foreign> & quaſi diſtortus, etiam diſtorta <expan abbr="placeãt">placeant</expan> neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Hinc <lb></lb>pœnæ malæ iudicantur; veruntamen bonæ ſunt, vt amputatio membri in eo qui veneno fuerit infe<lb></lb>ctus. </s> <s><expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>Peripateticorum ſchola ſenſiſſe videtur, quod prædicabat Epicurus. </s> <s>Quod æternum <expan abbr="bea-tumq́">bea<lb></lb>tumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit, id nec habere ipſum negotij <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan>, nec exhibere alteri. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ira, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> gratia teneri, quae <lb></lb>quæ talia eſſent, imbecilla eſſent omnia. </s> <s>Verùm quae inſtituimus etiam tractare ſeorſum, ſit'ne Deus cauſ<lb></lb>ſa mali: nunc id monuiſſe ſufficiat, Dei non eſſe malum facere; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> oppoſitum à philoſophis pronun<lb></lb>tiatum fuiſſe populariter. </s> <s>De Deorum cultu & pietate mox copioſius: interim reliqua peragamus <lb></lb>inter quæ Platonis extat auctoritas quam ſanè in hac hypotheſi non poſſumus approbare: ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>mundum genitum non defendimus; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> voluntatem Deo tribuimus. </s> <s>Non erat igitur quae in ea re <lb></lb>nos auctoritas Platonis exerceret.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5555"></margin.target>a 6 Phyſ. <lb></lb>T. 15.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5556"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5557"></margin.target>a p. </s> <s>philo<lb></lb>ſophię.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5558"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5559"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5560"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5561"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5562"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quem cultum Dijs philoſophi veteres adhiberent, & quantum distaret à verò. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XXXIX<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAE contra decretum noſtrum duob. </s> <s>ab hinc capitib. allata ſunt, me monent, vt aliqua de ve<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5563"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tere philoſophorum cultu dicam, quæ tametſi à viris quibuſdam politioribus tractata fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõ-perio">con<lb></lb>perio</expan>, quia tamen ex Lycęo nihil quod ſciam, deprompſerunt; non patiemur & operam <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> in hoc <lb></lb>etiam deſiderari, quod valeat ad Peripateticorum ſtudia diuulganda, & eorum theſes ab omni ſuſpi<lb></lb>cione repugnantiæ purgandas, præſertim quae liber in quo de prece diſſeruit Ariſt. </s> <s>non circunfertur. </s> <s>Cul<lb></lb>tus igitur, vt inde exordiamur, vniuerſus poſitus erat in ceremoniis & ſacrificiis, ſed hæc votis qui<lb></lb>buſdam certis nuncupatis, & precibus certa lege conceptis abſoluebantur. </s> <s>De his igitur prout Plato, <lb></lb>& Ariſt. </s> <s>noſter in eo diſſenſerunt, quod ad eſſentiam diuinam, & eius munera pertinent, cùm ille <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> <lb></lb>omnium poſuiſſet opificem; noſter verò tantummodò finem: ita etiam diſcordes eſſe veriſimile eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>A Platonicis hæc accepimus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quæ tribus præcipuis capitib. continentur, eſſentia precum, perfectio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5564"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne, & habitudine ad animum noſtrum. </s> <s>Sic ergo ſcribunt, hæc in primis requiri quæ ſint velut hypo<lb></lb>theſes, vnde conſtituatur eſſentia precum. </s> <s>Deorum eſſe opinionem, <expan abbr="eosq́">eosque</expan>. </s> <s>mortalia curare: & aliqua <lb></lb>fieri, quæ aliter euenire poſſunt, tum preces eſſe neceſſarias ita perſuadent: nam ſicuti filios qui deſci<lb></lb>uerunt à parentib. ad eos, ſic & vos cùm à Diis qui veri parentes noſtri ſunt, auerſi fuerimus, ad ipſos <lb></lb>reuerti fas eſt. </s> <s>quaſi verò orbi videantur ij qui comprecationis vſum dedignantur, & conuerſionem <lb></lb>ad præſtantiores. </s> <s>tùm etiam quae in omnib. gentib. ij qui philoſophia pollerent, de precib. fategerunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5565"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>apud Indos Brachmanes. </s> <s>Magi apud Perſas, & apud Græcos ſacerdotes qui ſacrificia & myſteria ſta<lb></lb>tuerunt. </s> <s>Chaldęi <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aliud diuinum colebant, & Deorum ipſorum virtutes, veluti Deos <expan abbr="adorabãt">adorabant</expan>, <lb></lb>quos etiam virtute maximè præſtare opus erat, ſi cura ſacrificiorum illis demandanda foret. </s> <s>Ad hęc, <lb></lb>cùm totius membra ſimus, totius egeamus oportet: ſalus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> partib. à toto communicatur; totum ve<lb></lb>rò Deus eſt, ſiue animum ſpectes, ſeu corpus, quippe qui virtutem omnem anticiparit, & omne cor<lb></lb>pus in mundo ſua virtute contineat: nam quod omnium bonorum cauſſa eſt, erit item auctor eius <lb></lb>quod bonum tibi futurum ſit. </s> <s>Inde igitur petenda eſt perfectio partium. </s> <s>Mox ad eſſentiam prope<lb></lb>rantes hæc adiungunt. </s> <s>Nullam mundi partem eſſe, quæ Deorum ope iaceat deſtituta, & quę non pen<lb></lb>deat ex ipſo: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> dicebat Heraclitus, <foreign lang="grc">καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱπνῷ οἱ θεοί</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="tantumq́">tantumque</expan>. </s> <s>exiſtant, quantum ex ipſo ap<lb></lb>ta ſunt; cùm cæteroqui per ſe tendant ad nihil: quapropter illorum natura, cùm propter affinitatem <lb></lb>materiæ diffunderetur, & debilitaretur; ad idem principium regrederentur oportebat, vnde fluxe<lb></lb>runt, & quaſi circulum quendam facerent, vt opem illam quam diſcedendo amiſerant, redeundo ſibi <lb></lb>conciliarent: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>tùm animantib. tùm item inanimis ineſt communiter. </s> <s>Sed is Deus, quia omnia ge<lb></lb>nuit, Diis iuniorib. permiſit, vt ex corporib. mortalib. quę ipſi ſuo iuſſu effinxiſſent, homini potiſsi<lb></lb>mè principes ſe <expan abbr="duceſq́">duceſque</expan>. </s> <s>præberent, <expan abbr="vitamq́">vitamque</expan>. </s> <s>eius pulcherrime regerent, & gubernarent; niſi quate<lb></lb>nus ipſe veneficiis ſua culpa ſibi aliquid miſeriæ quæreret, dum vel nimis ſuperſtitiosè coluit Deos, ex <pb pagenum="973"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5566"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quo ineſt in eo quidam timor inanis Deorum; quamobrem quietus eſſe nunquàm poteſt, vel ea nu<lb></lb>mina colit, in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> nihil eſt pręſtans, nihil diuinum, vt qui canem, & felem pro diis habent: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pe<lb></lb>rentes opem ab iis quorum nulla vis eſt, mala <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vexatur, amoliri nequit, vel, dum nimis anxiè <lb></lb>bona à Diis impetrare cupit, iis modis placare ſtudet, qui ſceleris pleni ſunt, vt de Iphigenia <expan abbr="fert̃">fertur</expan>, quæ</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5563"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5564"></margin.target>a Procl. <lb></lb></s> <s>Tim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5565"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5566"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>“-ſublata virùm manib. <expan abbr="tremebundaq́">tremebundaque</expan>. </s> <s>ad aras</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Deducta eſt, non vt, ſollemni more ſacrorum</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Perfecto, poſſet claro comitari Hymenæo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed caſta incestè nubendi tempore in ipſo</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hoſtia concideret mactatu mœſta parentis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exitus vt claſſi felix, <expan abbr="fauſtusq́">fauſtusque</expan>; daretur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tantum relligio potuit ſuadere malorum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>eiuſdem propemodum generis ea ſunt, nocturna illa ſacrificia, <expan abbr="ſceleratæq́">ſceleratæque</expan>. </s> <s>preces, & nefaria vota (no<lb></lb>ſti omnia) nec ab his ea nimis abhorrent, quę Magicis artib. edocemur pharmaceutrię, & inedię quę <lb></lb>naturę ordine excedunt, vigilię veneficiorum vſus, de quibus copiosè Proclus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quę fecerunt, vt lo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5567"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum, quem <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> conniuerent, apud . Thomllium <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſic emendarem, & exponerem, ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> legebatur: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5568"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>deinde vt huic animanti principem ſe <expan abbr="ducemq́">ducemque</expan>. </s> <s>pręberet, <expan abbr="vitamq́">vitamque</expan>. </s> <s>eius pulcherrimè regeret, & guber<lb></lb>naret, niſi quatenus beneficiis ſua culpa ſibi aliquid miſerię quęreret. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> reditus ille ad Deum, vt<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5569"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pote cuius ipſe ſummam curam haberi voluerit, in homine pręcipuè deſideratur, pręſtatur autem per <lb></lb>animam, & eius partem pręſtantiſsimam quę mens eſt. </s> <s>Ad huiuſmodi conuerſionem preces & vo<lb></lb>ta conducunt per ſymbola quædam, quæ in vulgus edere fas non eſt, inſita verò ſunt animab. </s> <s>noſtris <lb></lb>ab earum parente D. O. M. ineſt <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> ſymbolis ea vis, vt Deorum beneuolentiam precanti concilient, <expan abbr="eũ-que">eun<lb></lb>que</expan> cum illo Deo coniungant, quem precib. vocauerint, tum flectant eorum voluntatem, ad plenam <lb></lb>diſtributionem bonorum quæ ipſi eminenter complectuntur, ac demum diuinæ perſuaſionis aucto<lb></lb>res in Diis omnia noſtra reponant. </s> <s>Eſt ergo precis animarum conuerſio per mentem ad architectos <lb></lb>ſuos, & quaſi parentes, vt inde ea bona conſequantur quæ per eorum ſeparationem à primo bono, iam <lb></lb>minus obtinebant: proinde precib. illud primum bonum excluſum eſt. </s> <s>Ea verò ad abſoluendas pre<lb></lb>ces neceſſariò requiri dicunt; cognitionem cum primis omnium ordinum quorum opem vult ille im<lb></lb>petrare qui precatur; deinde conciliationem puritatis, caſtitatis, eruditionis, & aptæ compoſitionis in <lb></lb>ea parte per quam Deo ſimiles ſumus, quorum auxilio noſtra Diis accedunt; eorum gratia colligitur, <lb></lb>iiſque ſubmittitur anima, quare etiam per mentem cum ſubſtantia ipſa diuina copulatur. </s> <s>Hinc illa <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐμπέλασις</foreign> .i. </s> <s>appropinquatio: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Theologi vocant; vnde hæc. <foreign lang="grc">τῷ πυρί γὰρ βροτὸς ἐμπελάσας <lb></lb>θεόθεν φάος ἓξει</foreign>. </s> <s>i. </s> <s>Igni qui propior ex Diuis lumen habebit. </s> <s>quæ ſanè Deorum conſuetudinem, com<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5570"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="munionemq́">munionemque</expan>. </s> <s>nob. </s> <s>exhibet maiorem, & ſtabiliorem luminis diuini poſſeſsionem; ad extremum coi<lb></lb>tionem ex qua Deorum, & noſtra functio efficitur vna, cuius beneficio non amplius in noſtra poteſta<lb></lb>te ſumus; ſed in diuina luce permanentes, & ab ea <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> orbe complexi, Deo pleni, non humanitùs, <lb></lb>ſed diuinitùs agimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> hic optimus precis veræ finis habetur, vt reditum cum manſione copulet, <lb></lb>& id omne quod ab vnitate Deorum excurrit, rurſus ad vnum reuocet, & lucem quæ in nob. </s> <s>eſt, Deo<lb></lb>rum luce comprehendat. </s> <s>Sed, vt ad tertium caput deſcendam, hoc duab. partib. conſiſtit, precum na<lb></lb>tura, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animi eius qui fundit preces. </s> <s>Ea verò precum natura eſt, vt eum proficiant qui virtute pol<lb></lb>let, ipſi bona exhibentes quæ pollicentur, <expan abbr="animoq́">animoque</expan>. </s> <s>reditum ad auctorem, <expan abbr="parentemq́">parentemque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuum <expan abbr="conficiãt">conficiant</expan>, <lb></lb>& colophonem gyro virtutum imponant, quæ ſanctitas ipſa eſt. </s> <s>Portò precantis conditiones & offi<lb></lb>cia talia ſunt: nam ſi ſanctitas eſt omnis virtutis apex, neminem alium preces fundere fas eſſet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> op<lb></lb>timum virum, quanquam & alios corrigunt: ſtudioſus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cum diuino conſueuit, quae ſimile amat ad ſi<lb></lb>mile ſeſe applicare; iis autem ſimilis ſtudioſus: malis id non conuenit: etenim non puro purum con<lb></lb>trectare nefas, <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſtudioſi retineantur in cuſtodia, <expan abbr="corporisq́ue">corporisque</expan> carcere coërceantur, Deorum opis <lb></lb>egent, vt inde exeant. </s> <s>Qui verò precaturus eſt, beneuolus & pius ſit aduerſus Deos; frequenter exci<lb></lb>tet notiones, quas de Diis habet: nam meliorum veneratio primus eſt ſtimulus, & <expan abbr="inuitamentũ">inuitamentum</expan> ad eos <lb></lb>ſibi conciliandos & reddendos beneuolos; ſacrificia nunquàm intermittenda: ſiquidem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5571"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5567"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>Dęmonib.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5568"></margin.target>b Lib. de <lb></lb>vniuerſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5569"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5570"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5571"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<foreign lang="grc">Δηθυν̓οτι βροτῷ κραιπνοὶ μάκαρες τέμέθουσι·ν</foreign></s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sacrificanti viro non adſunt numina pigra<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>tum etiam diuinorum operum ſeriem conſeruet immutabilem; hoc eſt, ritus vetereis firmè retineat, & <lb></lb>treis illos virtutis igniculos nimirùm <expan abbr="pietatẽ">pietatem</expan>, veritatem, <expan abbr="amoremq́">amoremque</expan>. </s> <s>tueatur, quinetiam <expan abbr="bonorũ">bonorum</expan> ſpem, <lb></lb>& inuariabilem diuini luminis acceſsionem cuſtodiat, <expan abbr="miniſterijq́">miniſterijque</expan>. </s> <s>omnis incuriam caueat, cuius <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>caput eſt, vt vnus cum vno Deo coëat & copuletur: quandò magnam vim ad hoc habet affectio reci<lb></lb>pientis: nam tum maximè lętatur id quod <expan abbr="beneficiũ">beneficium</expan> facit, vbi de iactura non ſuſpicetur. </s> <s>& velut agri<lb></lb>cola libentiſsimè fertili agro ſemina committit; ita & beneficus idoneo magna voluntate; inepto verò <lb></lb>inuitus, & coactus bona contribuit. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi diuinum de nob. </s> <s>gaudere velimus, nos eorum bo<lb></lb>norum quæ ab ipſo larga manu ſeruntur, aptos poſſeſſores præſtemus: etenim bona piis viris cum la<lb></lb>tiſsimè diſtributa perſpicimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> dum colebatur Apollo, reſponſa fundebat, & terræ fructus largiſ<lb></lb>ſimè affluebant. </s> <s>ſanitas <expan abbr="vbicunq.">vbicunque</expan> extabat: vbi negligi coepit, omnia deteriora facta ſunt. </s> <s>Nolo illud <lb></lb>omittere, precum differentias à Platonicis quattuor recenſeri ſolitas, <foreign lang="grc">δημιουργικὰς, καθαρτικὰς, ζωπο<lb></lb>ιούς, τελεσιουργοὺς</foreign>. </s> <s>Primæ quidem, vt de uento & imbri, vt ibi, Iam ſatis terris. </s> <s>Secundæ ad mala auer<lb></lb>tenda, velut illa. </s> <s>Dianam tenerę dicite virgines. </s> <s>Tertia differentia reſpicit agrorum fertilitatem. </s> <s>ex <pb pagenum="974"></pb>hoc genere illa. </s> <s>Phoebe <expan abbr="ſyluarumq́">ſyluarumque</expan>. </s> <s>potens Diana. </s> <s>Poſtrema, quam ſæpe Socrates vſurpauit, dum <arrow.to.target n="marg5572"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>orabat, vt intus fieret pulcher, aut vt externa internis conſentirent, & quæ bona ſimpliciter forent, ſibi <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> bona viderentur. </s> <s>Generatim verò de trib. preces fieri ſolent, de bonis animi, vt Soctates fa<lb></lb>ciebat: tùm de ſalute corporis: ſic Pyrrhus Epirota, cùm immolaturus eſſet, ſanitatem precari ſolitus <lb></lb>eſſe fertur. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item de fortunis. </s> <s>Hæc ſanè à Platonicis accipimus: nunc aliqua de Peripateticorum <lb></lb>fontib. hauriamus. </s> <s>Cùm igitur Ariſt. </s> <s>Deum cenſeat auctorem vniuerſi, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> finem, & ex ipſo pen<lb></lb>dere naturam quæ tamen pro ſui ratione motus efficiat, haud opinari poteſt rerum euentum ab illo <lb></lb>fatali nexu poſſe recedere; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vbi recedat, iam eſſe incertum, & indefinitum; qui contingentiæ cauſ<lb></lb>ſam duplicem eſſe teſtatus ſit, alteram in nob. </s> <s>poſitam, atque alteram, quæ ortum duceret à materia, <lb></lb>nec arbitrari, quæ forent accincta ad Dei nutum inuerti, vtpote qui res iſtas mutabiles, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> viliſsimas <lb></lb>è conſpectu ſuo fugauerit, vt Ariſtotelis verbo vtar, <foreign lang="grc">ἵνα μὴ κακοπαθήση</foreign>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Satiſq́">Satiſque</expan>. </s> <s>fuiſſet ad pedes occur<lb></lb>rere ſic: cùm preces prouidentiam quæ deſcendat à diuina cognitione, requirant, inutiles eſſe. </s> <s>Sed cur <lb></lb>ipſe cum cæteris matri ſuę Cererem in Nemea locauit; & Nicanoris votum quod pro illo vouerat, ſer<lb></lb>uari voluit, & animalia lapidea cubitorum quattuor Ioui ſeruatori, ac Mineruæ ſeruatrici ſtatuit? </s> <s>Non<lb></lb>'ne eiuſdem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> extat hymnus ille admirabilis in virtutem? </s> <s>Non'ne idem iubet patria ſacrificia ſer<lb></lb>uari? </s> <s>quæ tanta igitur leuitas? </s> <s>An omnis eius cultus poſitus erat in admiratione ſummi illius, & præ<lb></lb>ſtantiſsimi boni, habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> venerationem iſtam quicquid excellit, & eam quidem omni ſuperſtitione li<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5573"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>beram. </s> <s>eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Deorum eximia quædam <expan abbr="præſtansq́">præſtansque</expan>. </s> <s>natura, vt ea debeat ipſa per ſe ad ſe colendam al<lb></lb>licere ſapientem: ſiquidem vt bonum laudatur, ſic honeſtum <expan abbr="pulchrumq́">pulchrumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſuapte natura <expan abbr="honorandũ">honorandum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt; cultus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> honoris ſpecies eſt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in eius ſignum per patria ſacrificia Diis honores exhibebant, & <lb></lb>carmina pangebant, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> eorum ſumma excellentia celebraretur; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt Theologorum verbis vtar <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">δουλείαν</foreign>, non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <foreign lang="grc">λατρίαν</foreign> adhibebant: <expan abbr="ſuumq́">ſuumque</expan>. </s> <s>officium ipſi reputabant, ſi tales ſe cum agendo, tum con<lb></lb>templando præſtarent, vt <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> maximè Deos imitari poſſent, & cùm ipſo per mentem copulari: <expan abbr="ſicq̃">ſicquae</expan> ſi<lb></lb>millimus euadere Diis, & ſumma illa beatitudine pollere, ad quam euehi poteſt humana natura: nam <lb></lb>quod Deus habet perpetuò, nob. </s> <s>aliquo tempore non denegatur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur colendo Deos vnum <lb></lb>cum ipſis fiant, idonei ſunt aſſequi illa bona quæ homini à Diis <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> fas eſt, non agri fertilita<lb></lb>tem, non imbres, aut aurum, ſed præſtantiam mentis, & conſilium rectum, vt iis quæ euenire ſolent be<lb></lb>ne vti poſsit: ac Deorum beneuolentiam inde comparari cenſebant, quae ita viuentes, & fungentes, ſimi<lb></lb>les Deo facti fuiſſent: illam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſympathian eſſe rerum naturalem, vt ſimile ad ſimile aggregetur, quem<lb></lb>admodum etiam cecinit Heſiodus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5572"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5573"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>“<foreign lang="grc">Ἀιεὶ δὴ τὸν ὃμοιον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὃμοιον</foreign>.”</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>& charitate mutua ſeſe complectantur, ad quod efficiendum nil aliud, niſi vouentis cognitio deſide<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5574"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rabatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> auxilia à Diis hominib. præſtantiſsimis allata diuino quodam ſpiritu afflati poëtę præ<lb></lb>dicarunt, vt Diomedi, Turno, Aeneæ, quo virtutem ſignificarent, cuius opera pulchra non ſine Deo<lb></lb>rum auxilio præſtari nob. </s> <s>perſuaderent; vt ea faceremus, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> Deorum patrocinio digni haberemur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> plus ea ſignificant quæ profitetur Ariſtoteles. </s> <s>Vtinam ipſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> aliam viam fuiſſet ingreſ<lb></lb>ſus; ne dum eius dogma enarro, cogerer indicare tantum philoſophum à vera pietate deſciuiſſe: hæc <lb></lb>enim multò melius Academici decreuerunt. </s> <s>Ex his finem conſecuta ſunt quæ de primi motoris effi<lb></lb>cientia propoſita fuerunt; quandò nouimus vſum precum apud Ariſtotelem, & de beneuolentia qua <lb></lb>ſtudioſos proſequi Deus ipſe perhibetur; <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> item illa addamus quæ vel iam conſtitutis repugnare <lb></lb>videantur, vt omnis diſcordia tollatur; vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> valeant ad perſequendum noſtrum <expan abbr="inſtitutũ">inſtitutum</expan> de cauſ<lb></lb>ſis motus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> illa ſecum diſſentire putabis; quae Deo negetur appetitus, quae hic ſit actionis gratia quæ <lb></lb>nulla in Deo ponenda eſt, & motum ſignificet qui ab illa natura penitus abhorret, cùm verò conſimi<lb></lb>le iudicium de cæteris ſubſtantiis à materia ſecretis eſſe faciendum moneant ea quæ cum Ariſtotele pro<lb></lb>feſsi ſumus: ergo etiam repugnabit illis appetitus; at non'ne & ipſæ Deum appetunt, & imitari ſtu<lb></lb>dent? </s> <s>aut igitur naturæ diuinæ non aduerſatur appetitas; aut falsò cæteris ſubſtantiis quæ ſunt extra <lb></lb>materiam, conceditur ea facultas; etenim ſi ſubſtantiæ ſeparatæ repugnat appetitus, in nullam igitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5575"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cadere debebit; aut ſi non repugnat, nec igitur Deo repugnabit. </s> <s>Equidem appetitum ambiguè val<lb></lb>de in ſeparatis arbitror eſſe ponendum; ſiquidem appetitus & res expetenda ſit in Deo modis omnib. <lb></lb></s> <s>idem, ac reuera potius ſecundùm noſtrum concipiendi modum, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> re diſtinctus, in aliis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> extra ipſa <lb></lb>quidem, ſed in ſeparatis à materia, quod per eſſentiam copuletur; in materiatis animantib. per ſpeciem, <lb></lb>ſiue intentionem in reb. inanimis, vt fiant formaliter vnum, ideſt ſicut ex forma & materia ſecundùm <lb></lb>gradus <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> categoriarum, vnde ratio petitur actus & poteſtatis. </s> <s>Quod ſiquando ſimilitudo poſita <lb></lb>eſt in ordine ſeparatorum à materia, ſimile acceptum eſt in eo quae efficiunt motus ſingulæ in ſuis orbib. <lb></lb></s> <s>non <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> vniuerſa illarum natura collata: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> hoc <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>, vt moueant, <expan abbr="eædemq́">eædemque</expan>. </s> <s>moueant, <lb></lb>vt fines: ſed ſi ſecum conferantur, <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> reliquis <expan abbr="expetendã">expetendam</expan> ſeſe offerre dicimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nec conuenit <lb></lb>appetitus ſubſtantiæ quæ ſit extra <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ſimpliciter, & vniuersè; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="itidẽ">itidem</expan> vniuersè illi aduerſatur, <lb></lb>ſed primæ <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>, quatenus prima eſt, appetens alterius eſſe repugnat: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> id cauere oportet, ne om<lb></lb>ne genus appetitus aliis eius ordinis ſubſtantiis attribuatur: quandoquidem cùm ſoleat appetitus eſſe <lb></lb>cum motu, & <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> praxeos, qualis eſt is qui in corpore cœleſti ad efficiendum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> poſitus eſt à no<lb></lb>bis, hunc à toto <expan abbr="ſubſtantiarũ">ſubſtantiarum</expan> <expan abbr="illarũ">illarum</expan> ordine longiſsimè abeſſe defendimus, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ineſſe volumus qui ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="contẽplationẽ">contemplationem</expan> <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> dirigitur, quaſi <expan abbr="reſpondentẽ">reſpondentem</expan> natiuo illi appetitui qui in nob. </s> <s>exiſtit ad <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> eiuſmodi tu hunc <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> eſſe cenſebis abſentis rei, quaſi <expan abbr="interdũ">interdum</expan> ea non fruatur; <expan abbr="quẽadmodum">quenadmodum</expan> <pb pagenum="975"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5576"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nos; ſed quatenus intra ſe non habet id quod cupiunt: ideò propenſio ſanè <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> extat ad <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan>, <lb></lb>veruntamen ea ſemper eſt in <expan abbr="cõſummatione">conſummatione</expan>, &, vt aiunt optimè Platonici, <foreign lang="grc">ὺφεσις</foreign> eſt, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <foreign lang="grc">παράτροπή</foreign>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Quãobrẽ">Quanobrem</expan> <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> de ſeparatis motorib. ab Ariſt. </s> <s>aſſeruntur, quae ſit immobile, & per ſe & per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan>, <lb></lb>quae ametur & intelligatur, non amet & intelligat; hęc de primo ſimpliciter exiſtimabis eſſe concluſa, vt <lb></lb>fit in iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, quæ tamen de ſecundis analogicè ſint accipienda, vt ad orbes, & qua corpo<lb></lb>reos motus efficiunt. </s> <s>His omnib. expoſitis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> liquet, vt de primo motore quæſtio ſit inſtituta in phy<lb></lb>ſicis: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> mouens <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quęrebatur; hoc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> non fuit anima; <expan abbr="quandoquidẽ">quandoquidem</expan> eam moueri adhuc <lb></lb>oporteat ab alio, non efficiens, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> & id non moueat immobile permanens, ſed quod prorſus immobi<lb></lb>le manet: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> verò ſic mouet finis; <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> conſtat, vt <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> 8. Phyſ. ſpectari. </s> <s>Ipſe verò mouet, vt <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>: <lb></lb>proptereà <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobile ſic <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> eſt, vt non <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, ſed per <expan abbr="aſſociationẽ">aſſociationem</expan> ſit vnum. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita <lb></lb><expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit, habet in ſe ipſo cauſſas omneis ſui motus. </s> <s>Sed quae explicare modum quo mouet finis ille pri<lb></lb>mus, erat aggredi officia ſubſtantiæ quę foret ſupra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & huius methodi terminos tranſiliret, id<lb></lb>circo ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> ea <expan abbr="contẽplatio">contemplatio</expan> reiecta eſt, <expan abbr="tantũq́">tantunque</expan>. </s> <s>potuit philoſophus naturalis, vt oſtende<lb></lb>ret nob. </s> <s><expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="diſſoluendũ">diſſoluendum</expan> in <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quendam <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan> qui modis omnibus eſſet immobilis, quod <lb></lb>ex ſolo motus ingenio <expan abbr="peractũ">peractum</expan> eſt: addit his primus philoſophus, officia ſubſtantiæ materia vacantis, <lb></lb>quæ; etſi pręſtant in natura motum, nihilominus ſunt munera immobilis, & <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="diuinã">diuinam</expan> magis at<lb></lb>tingunt. </s> <s>Idcirco <expan abbr="contẽplatio">contemplatio</expan> motus, & mouentis eſt <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> tota naturalis 8. Phyſ, <expan abbr="neutiq̃">neutiquam</expan> tamen abſolu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5577"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ta, niſi propter <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan>, vt primo libro declarauimus: 12. verò Met. eſt abſoluta ſanè ſed non natura<lb></lb>lis: <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt quod dicitur conſiderari <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mouens à Phyſico quae ſit: à primo verò philoſopho quid <lb></lb>ſit: non quin & ipſe noſcat quid ſit primus motor: nouit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pro ſuo captu, ſed quia magis ad eius <expan abbr="eſ-ſentiã">eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam</expan> peruenit primus philoſophus ea conſiderans quæ inſident in eſſentia, quæ tametſi non abſtrahit <lb></lb>ab illa habitudine quam habet, vt principium ad ea quæ ſunt ex principio, tamen eſt aeſi conſideraret <lb></lb>generans vt generat, quod etſi non eſt ſine filio; tamen intrinſecùs inhęret in ſubſtantia patris, & ad pa<lb></lb>trem magis, quàm ad filium attinet. </s> <s>Sed pergamus ad reliqua.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5574"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5575"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5576"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5577"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſtituitur quæstio de ordine mundi; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> inibi proponitur diſputatio, ſit'ne Deus omnium <lb></lb>menſuræ. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XL<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EX tali igitur principio apta eſt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> hæc <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> moles quæ mundus appellatur, qui certè nil aliud <lb></lb>nob. </s> <s>prima facie repręſentat, niſi <expan abbr="ſtructurã">ſtructuram</expan> <expan abbr="cęleſtiũ">cęleſtium</expan>, <expan abbr="caducorũq́">caducorunque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan>, & <expan abbr="naturarũ">naturarum</expan> quas hæc duo <lb></lb><expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> genera <expan abbr="cõplectuntur">complectuntur</expan>, quę <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ex Deo pendet, & per ipſum ordine <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> conſeruatur, vt <lb></lb>ea præſtent quę Deo magis appropinquant; illa cedant, quę longius abſunt: deinde reliqua omnia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5578"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ ſub ente continentur: quamobrem vniuerſa illius eſſentia in ordine & varietate poſita eſt, & no<lb></lb>men illi <expan abbr="attributũ">attributum</expan> quod <expan abbr="ornatũ">ornatum</expan> <expan abbr="ordinẽq́">ordinenque</expan>. </s> <s>notaret; <foreign lang="grc">κόσμος</foreign>.n. à philoſophis appellatur. </s> <s>Eius verò <expan abbr="eſſen-tiã">eſſen<lb></lb>tiam</expan>, ſiquis ſcrutari velit diligentius, aſſequi non poterit, niſi anticipet quid ſit ordo, quæ <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> admit<lb></lb>tant, & quo pacto. </s> <s><expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> & nos hinc <expan abbr="exordiũ">exordium</expan> diſputationis noſtræ faciemus. </s> <s>Ordo igitur primò <lb></lb>poſtulat <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan>, & in mundo ipſo <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan> <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="tributũ">tributum</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in ſeipſo omnia illa <lb></lb>quę ſunt, <expan abbr="cõprehendat">comprehendat</expan>; extra ſe verò nihil eſſe patiatur, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> prius, <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> poſterius eſt: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ea <expan abbr="qui-dẽ">qui<lb></lb>dem</expan> ratione, qua Troiana obſidio ędificationi vrbis anteceſsit; ſed ita eſt, vt poſterius ſine priore non con<lb></lb>ſiſtat: aut quia confletur ex illo, veluti domus ex fundamentis; aut quae ab illo ſit, vt ab ędificatore; aut <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> illo terminetur, vt certa <expan abbr="quędã">quędam</expan>, & <expan abbr="accõmodata">accommodata</expan> deſcriptio, vel <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> quae ad illud inſtituta fuerit, <lb></lb>vt ad frigus propulſandum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> verò in omni natura, quæ non ſolitaria ſit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimplex, ſed cum <lb></lb>alio coniuncta, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> connexa, neceſſe eſt ineſſe <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan> <expan abbr="principatũ">principatum</expan> (Græci vocant <foreign lang="grc">ἡγεμονικὸν</foreign>) qui con<lb></lb>tineat <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>tueatur, vt in homine <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan>, quo nihil in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere nec poteſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> debet eſſe prę<lb></lb>ſtantius, & hinc ordo exiſtit. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vbi ordo ibi <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>cauſſam <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> omni ordine expers <lb></lb>eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> principium vnum eſt, ita intereà quę <expan abbr="molẽ">molem</expan> hanc implent, vnum <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="pri-mũ">pri<lb></lb>mum</expan>, à quo reliqua <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> per <expan abbr="quoſdã">quoſdam</expan> gradus pendent, & quaſi procedunt qui <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <expan abbr="maieſtatẽ">maieſtatem</expan> exprimen<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5579"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te à Gręcis, Latinis, & nob. </s> <s>Deus appellatus eſt: hic nihil extra ſe reſpiciens, quicquid eſt, totus in ſe<lb></lb>ipſo exiſtit, ille fons, vnde ſcaturit eſſe <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>: quapropter optimus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan>, & eiuſmodi, vt in eius <lb></lb>eſſentia <expan abbr="pulchritudineq́">pulchritudineque</expan>. </s> <s>luſtranda mens humana cęcutiat. </s> <s>Ab hoc ergo <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> à prima cauſſa alia cun<lb></lb>cta deriuantur, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> duo <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> gradus generatim à philoſophis obſeruati fuerunt: alter eſt <expan abbr="ſubſtan-tiarũ">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiarum</expan> corpore <expan abbr="vacantiũ">vacantium</expan> quę Deo <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> humiliores ſint, quippe quę quanuis proportione <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> Deo con<lb></lb>gruant, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> moueant immobiles, attamen & ipſę à Deo O. M. ſeparentur, quae ſi non corporea motione af<lb></lb>ficiuntur, at <expan abbr="metaphoricã">metaphoricam</expan> non effugiunt quę in appetitu externi poſita eſt: veruntamen reliqua lon<lb></lb>go interuallo poſt ſe relinquunt, quia nil <expan abbr="corporeũ">corporeum</expan> patiuntur. </s> <s>alter verò <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> ordo eſt, quorum <lb></lb>nonnulla immortalia ſunt, inter quæ item <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan> conditionem conſtituimus aſtrorum & orbium, re<lb></lb>liqua caduca quæ manent infra Lunam, & circum terras in <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> omnib. ille gradus excellentiæ ſolet <lb></lb>ſpectari, qui etiam loci. </s> <s>aliud ſubſtantiæ genus Ariſtoteli notum non fuiſſe puto: nam quae dæmonas ip<lb></lb>ſe norit, aut in ſua philoſophia receperit, non adducor. </s> <s>Sed hæc alibi explicata fuerunt à nobis. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>planè parum aut nihil inuenio diſcriminis <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> inter ſapientes: nunc ea quæ ſequuntur aduerta<lb></lb>mus: nam tametſi dictum eſt à nobis, omneis has ſubſtantias à primo omnium eorum quæ ſunt, certo <lb></lb>quodam ordine proficiſci, videndum tamen eſt, quemadmodum id eueniat, & vt conſequantur, quae <lb></lb>ſint ab eo ſummo quod nos omnium illorum fontem <expan abbr="initiumq́ue">initiumque</expan> ſtatuimus. </s> <s>Spectandum prætereà, <pb pagenum="976"></pb>quemadmodum ordo ille agnoſcatur & in iis quæ ſunt, explicetur, quod erit certè idem, ac ſi expo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5580"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>namus, vt Deus omnium rerum metrum habeatur; & vtrùm ne ab ipſo ratio menſuræ ducenda ſit, an <lb></lb>potius à priuatione, & eo quod non eſt, quemadmodum à quibuſdam non ignobilibus philoſophis <lb></lb>ſcribitur. </s> <s>Eo igitur conſtituto, quae Deus ſit <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> ſummus, ſimpliciſsimus, ac primus actus, qui emi<lb></lb>nentiſsimo quodam modo cuncta quæ ſunt ab ipſo, contineat; dubium enim id apud quenquam <lb></lb>non eſt, modò ſanus ſit, de menſura diſſeremus explicantes primùm quid ipſa ſit generatim: tùm de<lb></lb>inde vnde illius ratio ducatur: poſtremò docebimus quo pacto accommodetur ad naturam diuinam. <lb></lb></s> <s>Menſuram verò eſſe nomen ambiguum, aut ad vnum <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> perſpicuum eſt, ac primùm tribui quantis; <lb></lb>quapropter, vt in definiendis cęteris quæ ſunt ad vnum, ſemper exordimur ab his quæ prima ſunt; ita <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in menſuræ definitione faciendum eſt. </s> <s>Menſura igitur ſignificato potiſsimo id intelligitur quo <lb></lb>cognoſcitur quantum. </s> <s>Cùm verò quantum, quatenus <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, vno, ſiue numero cognoſcatur. </s> <s>noui enim <lb></lb>quanta ſit menſa, quòd ſcio quot cubitos ipſa ſit; id verò eſt cognoſcere numero, numerus autem vno <lb></lb>cognoſcatur. </s> <s>hinc efficitur, vt prima quanti menſura ſit vnitas. </s> <s>Dicitur etiam latius menſura, & quaſi <lb></lb>poſteriore <expan abbr="quodã">quodam</expan> gradu id quo primo <expan abbr="quidq.">quidque</expan> cognoſcitur. </s> <s>poſtremò ſcientia & ſenſus in menſuris ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>reponuntur; id tamen præſefert maximum eius vocis abuſum: nam tantum abeſt, vt ſcientia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſenſuſq́">ſenſuſque</expan>. </s> <s>rerum menſuræ ſint, vt contrà potius eueniat ac res ipſę ſint ſcientiæ, <expan abbr="ſenſuſq́">ſenſuſque</expan>. </s> <s>menſura, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5581"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tamen per ſcientiam <expan abbr="ſenſumq́">ſenſumque</expan>. </s> <s>cognoſcimus; inde factum eſt, vt pro menſuris habeantur. </s> <s>Miſſo igitur <lb></lb>hoc ſignificato tanquam nimis alieno de cęteris agamus. </s> <s>Hæc <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in his ſecum <expan abbr="cõuenire">conuenire</expan> videntur; pri<lb></lb>mùm <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, vt per menſuram certiores reddamur. </s> <s>quia verò ipſa primùm eſt quanti, tum reliquarum <lb></lb>rerum; reddimur primò certiores per menſuram de quanto, mox in <expan abbr="reliquorũ">reliquorum</expan> notitiam peruenimus: <lb></lb>ſolet <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> natura prioris in iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, quoquo pacto per cętera quæ ab ipſo ſunt, pertinere: <lb></lb>ita de menſura putare oportet. </s> <s>idcirco etiam menſura illorum erit, aut quatenus quanta ſunt, aut ſub <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> quanti. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id ſeu proximè, ſiue aliquantò remotius, ac proximè quidem eorum quæ ad quanta <lb></lb>per accidens referuntur, vt negocium & albedo; remotius <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> eorum in quibus partitio quouis mo<lb></lb>do cogitari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vt habitum animi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illorum <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> quæ partimur in gradus: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> eſt <lb></lb>quod vel proximè, vel remotè menſuræ rationem ſubterfugere queat, cùm eius <expan abbr="initiũ">initium</expan> contineat, vt ita <lb></lb>dicam, quæ vnitas eſt. </s> <s>Omne <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod eſt, quatenus eſt, vnum eſt. </s> <s>ſed quatenus vnum in ſeipſo ma<lb></lb>nens non <expan abbr="fungit̃">fungitur</expan> officio menſuræ. </s> <s>in illius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> notione <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> exuperatio continetur eorum quæ ſub <expan abbr="mẽ-ſurã">men<lb></lb>ſuram</expan> cadunt, quia plus hoc, minus illud eſſe reputatur: atqui vbi exuperantia, protinus ibi diuiſio, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5582"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quippe quòd ibi ſit id quod ſuperat, quod ſuperatur, & quo ſuperat: proinde cùm diuiſio referat quo<lb></lb>quomodo quantum; ſic efficitùr, vt quæ ſunt obnoxia menſuræ, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> rationi quanti ſubii<lb></lb>ciantur. </s> <s>Deinde conuenit inter ea quæ menſuræ <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> ſubeunt, vt referantur ad idem genus menſu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5583"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ra, & id cuius ipſa eſt: ſic numerum numero, <expan abbr="lineamq́">lineamque</expan>. </s> <s>linea permetimur. </s> <s>eiuſdem <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> generis accipi<lb></lb>mus, vel quòd ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> genere vniuoco <expan abbr="cõprehendantur">comprehendantur</expan>, vt ſpecies, vel quòd ad idem genus reducan<lb></lb>tur: numerus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> & numerus ſpecie ſub eodem genere ſeparantur, vnitas ad quantum planè refertur, <lb></lb>ea tamen non eſt ſpecies, ſed initium quanti, vel etiam quia <expan abbr="referãtur">referantur</expan> ad aliquod <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> quod ſit ad <lb></lb>vnum: proinde ſubſtantia menſura eſt accidentium, cùm tamen genere diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Verùm quia <lb></lb>de his ad aliud inſtitutum plura locuti ſumus, ad cętera veniamus. </s> <s>Illud etiam <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> conſequitur, <lb></lb>quanuis ad idem <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> referatur cum eo cuius eſt, ſeu ſimpliciter, & ex natura, ſiue ad nos; priorem <lb></lb><expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> menſuræ deberi. </s> <s>ſi primùm, ea igitur <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> indiuiduum; ita vt nihil demi queat: nam ſic in ipſum <lb></lb>cadere menſura poſſet, vnde menſuræ <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan> redderetur. </s> <s>ac menſuræ rationem fortaſsis amitteret, <lb></lb>ſi diuiſioni quanti quæ infinita eſt, & ignota, ſubiici poſſet. </s> <s>Indiuiduum verò dupliciter; vel ſuapte na<lb></lb>tura, quemadmodum vnum; vel etiam ex inſtituto, vt vlna qua pannum metimur: quia tametſi in pal<lb></lb>mos diuidi poteſt; accipitur tamen veluti primum quid, & ac ſi in alias partes ſecari nequeat. </s> <s>Neque <lb></lb>verò aliter fieri potuit, vt nos de eo cuius eſt, certiores faceret: illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cognoſcimus exactius, quo minu<lb></lb>tius aliquid luſtramus, tametſi neſcio quid humilius habere ſolet <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> diligentia; quocirca ſi prima phi<lb></lb>loſophia dicebat Ariſtoteles, eſt ſapientia, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> præſtantiſsima facultas; ei deneganda eſt illa accu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5584"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratio mathematica: ſic Rhetores in perorationibus in quibus grandia requiruntur, vetant non eſſe ni<lb></lb>mium diligentes. </s> <s>Et . Thomllius (cur enim minus rectè faciam, ſi magiſtros artium conſulam, & meis <lb></lb>dictis teſtes adhibeam?) ſe dirigere profitetur cogitationes ſuas, non ad illam paruulam cynoſuram,</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5578"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5579"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5580"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5581"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5582"></margin.target>a 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5583"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5584"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua fidunt duce nocturna Phœnices in alto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>directius gubernant, quòd eam tenent.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ curſu interiore breui conuertitur orbe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ſed ad Helicen, & clariſsimos Septentriones, ideſt rationes latiore ſpecie, non ad tenue elimatas conſe<lb></lb>ctetur: itaque errare & vagari latius. </s> <s>Sed cùm hoc ab Arato ipſo ſcriptum ſit accuratius, & ad expli<lb></lb>candam rem noſtram conducere valeat; eius ſententiam tibi proponere conſtitui. </s> <s>Sic igitur, quanuis <lb></lb>aſtronomiæ non admodùm peritus; at ſcriptor elegans, & facundus teſtatum reliquit.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Οἱ τὴν μὲν κυνόσουραν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν <lb></lb> Την̀ δ' ἑτέρην Ἑλίκην Ἐλίκῃ δ# ἄνδρες Ἀχαιοι <lb></lb> Ἐιν ἀλὶ τεκμαίρονται ἱνα χρὴ νῆας ἀγινEÎν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"><lb></lb> Τῇ δ' ἂρα φόινικες πὶσυνοι περόωσι θάλασσαν. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc"><lb></lb> Αλλ' ἡ μὲν καθαρὴ καὶ ἐπιφασασθαι ἑτοίμη, <lb></lb> Πολλὴ φαινομένη ἑλίκη πρώτης ἀπὸ νυκτὸς</foreign>, <pb pagenum="977"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5585"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">Ἠ δ' ἐτέρη ὀλίγη μ́ὲν, ἀτὰρ ναὺτῃσιν ἀρείων </foreign></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5585"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Μειοτὲρῃ γὰρ πᾶσαπεριστρέφεται στροφὰλιγγι</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Ergo minimum eſt ipſa menſura. </s> <s>Nil etiam prohibet, quominus ratio menſuræ ad duo æquè pertineat, <lb></lb>vel quia conſtet è duobus vbi .ſ. </s> <s>obtineat inſtar rationis, ac proportionis: nam ratio eſt collatio duo<lb></lb>rum, vel plurium: ſic duæ dieſes poſſunt eſſe menſura; vel etiam, quae dum vnum metimur, vna quoque <lb></lb>metiamur & alterum. </s> <s>Sic contrariorum menſura eadem eſt: alterum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> è contrariis ineſt in altero quo<lb></lb>dam pacto; nempe ſecundùm rationem, quòd alterum eſt vt habitus, alterum verò vt priuatio vel ſe<lb></lb>cundùm naturam, vel quo ad nos, ſiue etiam quòd inter eoſdem terminos contraria perpetuò com<lb></lb>prehendantur ea ratione, quia quantum actus in vno continetur, tantundem poteſtatis in altero exi<lb></lb>ſtat. </s> <s>Quamobrem mihi reprehendendi videntur complures è Latinis philoſophis qui alias putant eſſe <lb></lb>menſuras intentionis & remiſsionis, perfectionis item & imperfectionis, cùm hæc huiuſmodi ſint be<lb></lb>neficio contrariorum quæ ſub eandem menſuram cadunt propter coniunctionem actus & priuatio<lb></lb>nis, actus & poteſtatis quæ in alterutro è contrariis vnà ſubſiſtunt: nam quantum actu nigrum eſt, tan<lb></lb>tundem eſt non album, & poteſtate album. </s> <s>Cæterùm quia res <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> naturalis è duob. </s> <s>primordiis con<lb></lb>ſtat, materia .ſ. </s> <s>& forma; videtur etiam duplex menſuræ ratio cum ipſa congruere, & conuenire; altera <lb></lb>quidem quæ petatur à materia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ à forma deducatur. </s> <s>& à materia quidem menſura <expan abbr="q̃ti">quati</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5586"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>videtur emanare quæ duplex eſt; altera extentionis & continuitatis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> huius quidem partes duæ, pri<lb></lb>ma ſanè ſucceſsionem habentium; altera permanentium. </s> <s>alia verò multitudinis: ſic tempus, magnitu<lb></lb>do, & vnitas habentur pro menſuris. </s> <s>cùm à materia potiſsimum omne interuallum, ac diſtributio ſin<lb></lb>gularium deriuetur. </s> <s>Cùm verò à forma deſcendat omnis ratio perfectionis; etiam ab ea ducitur alte<lb></lb>rum genus menſuræ quod attinet ad perfectionem. </s> <s>Verumenimuero menſura quanti ſic perſpicua <lb></lb>eſt, vt nullas difficultates gerat in ſinu, nec quicquam à philoſophis excogitatum eſt quod rapiat ad ſe <lb></lb>ſtudium noſtrum: omnes enim fatentur veram quanti menſuram, quatenus quantum eſt, eſſe vnum, <lb></lb>quatenus vnum, & nos anteà ad aliud inſtitutum de quanti menſura tractauimus; de altera menſura <lb></lb>multa diſputata comperimus. </s> <s>Quare pręcium operæ me facturum puto, ſi his veluti iactis fundamen<lb></lb>tis, ad eius explicationem me conuertam.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5586"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exquiritur, vnde'nam ſumatur ratio menſuræ qua rerum perfectionem metimur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>RATIO menſuræ qua cognoſcimus numerum, & magnitudinem, ſatis plana eſt, ſed perfectionis <lb></lb>dimetiendæ via ſubobſcura; <expan abbr="multæq́">multæque</expan>. </s> <s>opiniones de illius conſtitutione, & modo circunferuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm, vt Ariſt. </s> <s>pateamus non ſemel admonenti, ne ſingulas <expan abbr="quaſq.">quaſque</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩas">ſententias</expan> agitemus, ſed eas ſolas quæ <lb></lb>validis rationibus fulciuntur: ex his duas tantùm ſeligemus, quæ cæteris anteponendæ videntur, qua<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5587"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum alteram defenderunt Calculator & Achillinus, alteram profeſsi <expan abbr="pleriq.">plerique</expan> ſunt ex iis qui ad lectio<lb></lb>nem præceptoris noſtri magis ſeſe applicarunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> oppoſitæ: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> illorum ea <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan> fuerat; huius <lb></lb>menſuræ notitiam ab eo quod primum foret, accipi non poſſe, ſed ab eo quod non eſſet, quòd ſi ab eo <lb></lb>primo peteretur quod eſſet; ita accipi, quia duo quę ſint, ſecum conferantur, & exploretur ex iis, quod<lb></lb>nam primo illi magis appropinquet; in <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſenſum <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> loca interpretantur <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> pronunciarit Ariſt. <lb></lb></s> <s>menſuram à primo quodam eſſe deducendam. </s> <s>Corroborant opinionem ſuam compluribus argumen<lb></lb>tis quæ mihi ad ſummam videntur huiuſmodi. </s> <s>Siquidem in iis formis quæ per ſucceſsionem compa<lb></lb>rantur, <expan abbr="quorumcunq.">quorumcunque</expan> graduum recedentium à non gradu tanta eſt proportio, quantum eſt interualli <lb></lb>quod intercedit inter terminum à quo qui eſt non gradus, & terminum ad quem qui ſunt gradus di<lb></lb>ſtantes. </s> <s>Neque profectò ſecus, àc ſi pannum dimetiri velimus: ſicuti igitur ad id, vt ſciam quantum <lb></lb>opus ſit ad ſagum conficiendum; non neceſſe eſt teneam quanta ſit vniuerſi panni ſtrues & tela, ſic ad <lb></lb>id, vt ſciam quantus calor inſit; non neceſſe eſt ſciam quanti ſint totius <expan abbr="ſummiq́">ſummique</expan>. </s> <s>caloris gradus. </s> <s>Aut ſi <lb></lb>rationem planius euoluere libeat; ita conclude. </s> <s>Perfectio noſcitur ex proceſſu: proceſſus ex termino à <lb></lb>quo, non autem ex termino ad quem, & perfectio igitur. </s> <s>Non eſſe verò neceſſarium noſſe terminum <lb></lb>ad quem proceſſus, panni menſura demonſtrat. </s> <s>Prætereà poteſt aliquid eſſe ſummo propinquius, nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5588"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tamen eſſe perfectius, vt gradus non gradu ſummo propinquior eſt; non idcirco perfectior: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> al<lb></lb>bum eſt perfectius nigro ſimpliciter: ergo in <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> gradu: ſic album vt duo perfectius erit nigro <lb></lb>vt quinque quod iam peruenit ad ſummum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> deſunt auctoritates Ariſt. </s> <s>quib. hæc opinio confir<lb></lb>metur, vt 1. de Cęlo, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vbi id perfectius appellabat quod magis à centro diſtaret. </s> <s>Tum etiam 8. Phyſ. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5589"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5590"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vbi docuit, inquiunt, <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quo magis à quieſcente mouentur, eò concitari velocius. </s> <s>Hæc ille decreue<lb></lb>runt. </s> <s>Sed vnde error emanarit, optimè cerno: cùm poſuerint, vt debent, Deum perfectionis infinitæ, <lb></lb>fateantur item oportet eſſe ignotum; ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> non licere intelligere quantum <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> res illi appro<lb></lb>pinquet. </s> <s>Attamen nil minus defendi poſſe cenſeo: quandò id ponit quod tollit, & ſuo ſibi ſe gladio <lb></lb>iugulat, vt fertur. </s> <s>A ſummo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ratio menſuræ <expan abbr="petẽda">petenda</expan> non eſt, præſertim à Deo, quae infinitè diſtat, & igno<lb></lb>tus eſt: at quo pacto, cùm duo ſecum in perfectione <expan abbr="cõferuntur">conferuntur</expan>, <expan abbr="ſpectandũ">ſpectandum</expan> eſt ſummum? </s> <s>Num quia <lb></lb>notius? </s> <s>certè non plus <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> anteà, aut id falſum quod ſupponitur, ſummum eſſe ignotum. </s> <s>Prætereà po<lb></lb>ſito quae infinitè diſtet; nulla proportio inter hæc & illud, ſi audimus Ariſtotelem, ſtatui poteſt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> aut <lb></lb>appropinquatio nulla, aut in infinito interuallo momenti nullius. </s> <s>ſi exuperationis habetur ratio; ergo <lb></lb>aut à ſummo ratio menſuræ deducitur, quod ipſi negant, aut ſi ita <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> accipi dicunt, quia magis <lb></lb>à non gradu diſcedat, exceptio non fuit adhibenda; quippe nullius vſus: vtrobique <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> menſura à non <pb pagenum="978"></pb>gradu ſumi poterit, ſiue res aliqua ſeorſum ſpectetur, ſeu cum alia conferatur. </s> <s>Prætereà ſi ſummum in<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5591"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finite <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> diſtat; nulla etiam poterit eorum eſſe menſura quæ ſunt infra ſummum. </s> <s>Etenim di<lb></lb>ſtantia ex illis eſt quæ reſpiciunt aliud: proinde tantundem interualli intercedit inter me & te, quan<lb></lb>tum inter te & me, infinitè igitur etiam inferiora diſtare oportebit: <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> igitur ſub illa habitudine co<lb></lb>gnoſcetur exuperans? </s> <s>nec <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quae plus habeat de hoc, quia ſic ſimiliter aliorum excellentia noſci poterit: <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> item quae minus habeat de non ente, quia ſic erit <expan abbr="cõis">conis</expan> ratio metiendi tam ea quæ ſeorſum ſpectan<lb></lb>tur, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illa quæ ſecum conferuntur. </s> <s>Rurſus ſi perpetuus eſt canon ille metiendi quem ipſi profitentur, <lb></lb>ſaltem vbi collatio non fiat, quo pacto poterit cognoſcì quantum? </s> <s>minuitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in infinitum; finitum <lb></lb>verò eſt eius incrementum, & <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> inde prima metiendi ratio deriuatur. </s> <s>Necnon ſi non <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> eſt eadem <lb></lb>occaſio menſuræ arceſſendæ, non potuit item canon vniuerſalis afferri; quapropter <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> diſtingui opor<lb></lb>tuit de rebus quæ ſubeunt menſuram. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> eſto, vt Deus infinitè diſtet: at in animalium genere ho<lb></lb>mo à cæteris eius partibus infinitè non diſtat. </s> <s>Igitur etſi in eo capite in quo Deum ſumimus pro men<lb></lb>ſura, ſic procedendum ſit: at ſingularum partium <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> generis perfectio cur non explorabitur ex <lb></lb>ſummo? </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> infinitè diſtat à reliquis. </s> <s>Poſtremò ſic natura comparatum eſt, vt priuationem ex ha<lb></lb>bitu cognoſcamus, & negationem ex affirmatione: nunc gradus habitum repręſentat; non gradus au<lb></lb>tem priuationem: ex gradu igitur non gradum, & ex calido non calidum cognoſcere oportebit, at<lb></lb>qui ita habitum continget ex priuatione comprehendere. </s> <s>Ac ſi vis earum rationum perpendatur, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5592"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>miram fallaciam continent; quippe quæ aliud polliceantur, aliud efficiant. </s> <s>Nobis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="cognoſcẽdum">cognoſcendum</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>vnde perfectionis ratio ducatur: at id concluditur quod pertinet ad <expan abbr="extentionẽ">extentionem</expan>, quæ ſpectatur in mo<lb></lb>tibus à termino à quo ad terminum ad quem cuius priuilegio motus eſt quantum <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan>, & <expan abbr="tpe">tempore</expan> ab<lb></lb>ſoluitur, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> agit de <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> perfectionis. </s> <s>Etenim probè ſcis motum in his duob. </s> <s>eſſe poſitum, ex<lb></lb>tentione, vel ſucceſsione, & adeptione formæ ex ſucceſsione quidem, nihil perfectionis peruenit ad <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> <lb></lb>quæ mouetur, ſed ex acceſſu formæ. </s> <s>At iſti commutant <expan abbr="vtranq.">vtranque</expan> conſiderationem. </s> <s>Nam ſic eſt propor<lb></lb>tio partium motus quo ad extentionem, & ſucceſsionem, quemadmodum diſtantiæ gradus à non gra<lb></lb>du, ſed in eo perfectio collocatur, vt plus adſit de forma quæ finis eſt eius motus, & ſicut non eſt per<lb></lb>fectio motus, tendere ad non eſſe, niſi quadam ſpecie latiore, qua quod fini magis appropinquat, <expan abbr="qui-cunq.">qui<lb></lb>cunque</expan> ille ſit, perfectius habetur, quia nihil accedat de forma, ſic vbi ratio formæ ſegregetur, nulla ad<lb></lb>eſt cauſſa perfectionis in motu. </s> <s>Sed cùm <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> finis habeatur <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> ille ſit, in eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ordine præſtan<lb></lb>tis, & ſummi rationem obtinere dicimus. </s> <s>Conſtanter igitur aſſeuerabo non ea ratione de rerum præ<lb></lb>ſtantia faciendum eſſe iudicium. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt, quae ea menſura cadit ſub cognitionem per vnum & nu<lb></lb>merum, non aliter ac extentio quanti: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primus eſt, & ſecundus gradus, vt ſi in progreſſu foret pri<lb></lb>mum, aut ſecundum milliare: nec aduerteretur, quid proficeret mobile. </s> <s>Et planè longè eſt alia ratio <lb></lb>perfectionis & extentionis: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> in <expan abbr="extẽtione">extentione</expan> <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> pars ab altera ſeparata per ſe ſubſiſtere queat, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5593"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& idcirco per ſe ipſam <expan abbr="mẽſuræ">menſuræ</expan> ſubiici: at in proceſſu perfectionis partes ſeparari non poſſunt: etenim <lb></lb>prior in poſteriore <expan abbr="cõtinetur">continetur</expan>, vt in actu ſuo, & per ipſam cognoſcitur, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> per ſe retinet actus <lb></lb>ab vlteriore <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> forma occupata, propter quem per ſe ipſa cognoſcatur, ſed in vlteriore cognoſcitur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in extentione, & ſucceſsione partes ſingulæ per ſe ipſas noteſcunt: ſic ſecundùm milliare ſine pri<lb></lb>mo perſpicitur, ſed in perfectione poſterior pars ſine prima non exiſtit: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> velut eius materia. </s> <s>qua<lb></lb>propter anterior gradus in poſteriore percipitur, & reliqui in eo qui <expan abbr="cõtinet">continet</expan> alios omneis. </s> <s>ſic fit, vt ex <lb></lb>ipſo probè cęteri noteſcant qui ſummus eſt: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> euenit <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> in extentionem & ſucceſsionem, cùm quę<lb></lb>libet pars ex ſe ipſa cognoſcatur, quae quælibet eſt ſeparabilis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> par eſt exemplum dimetiendi panni, <lb></lb>& rerum perfectionis, quòd, vt diximus, dimetimur ipſum vt quantum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idcirco melior eſt <expan abbr="pãnus">pannus</expan>, <lb></lb>quo plus habet quantitatis. </s> <s>Quanquam & id adnotandum in panno, quae ſiquis etiam menſuram eius in<lb></lb>troſpiciat, non idcirco ex non panno accipiet, ſed ad pannum ipſum <expan abbr="accõmodabit">accommodabit</expan>, & faciet <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> panni <lb></lb>vlnam, quæ extat in panno, quam excipere poterit non modò ab initio panni, ſed vndecunque. </s> <s>itaque <lb></lb>menſura petitur ab actu. </s> <s>Proinde cùm mecum cogito diutius, tantum abeſt, vt non à gradu menſuram <lb></lb><expan abbr="petendã">petendam</expan> eſſe arbitrer, vt firmè credam primum <expan abbr="gradũ">gradum</expan> eſſe menſuram: ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vnum quod eſt numeri <lb></lb>pars, eſt eius certa menſura, & continui prima pars ſenſilis, vtputa, & dieſis vocis, ſic & extentionis, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5594"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſucceſsionis quæ eſt in motu, primam <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan> partem <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> totius eſſe profitebor, præſertim quòd <lb></lb>in ſignificanda corporum nobilitate ex diſceſſu ab infimo loco, comprehenditur etiam locus infimus <lb></lb>qui pars eſt loci totius. </s> <s>Cauendum quoque eſt in harum rerum dimenſione, ne committatur error, <lb></lb>dum ea <expan abbr="cõmutantur">commutantur</expan> ad quæ referri debet menſura: accipitur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pannus in exemplo, & ſtatuitur ad ſa<lb></lb>gum faciendum non opus eſſe cognoſcere quantus ſit pannus vniuerſus. </s> <s>ſed aio vel nos panni totius <lb></lb><expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> quærere, vel quantum requiratur ad conficiendum ſagum: ac ſi primum ſcire cupiamus; vi<lb></lb>deo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> totum pannum eſſe perluſtrandum; proinde <expan abbr="noſcendũ">noſcendum</expan> eſſe ſummum: tunc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſcimus quan<lb></lb>tum eſt <expan abbr="quidpiã">quidpiam</expan>, cùm ſcimus quot ſunt eius partes. </s> <s>ſi ſagum reſpexeris; etiam quantitatem ſagi noſcas <lb></lb>oportet: proptereà ſummum in ſuo genere ſemper eſt cognoſcendum ad cuius præſcriptum de cæte<lb></lb>ris iudicium fieri valeat, & vt in <expan abbr="exẽplo">exemplo</expan> permaneam; ſicuti plus aut minus eſſe hoc panni ignoras, nec <lb></lb>quantum deficiat, aut ſuperſit; niſi, quantum opus ſit, probè noueris; ſic de cæteris aſſeuerandum <expan abbr="vr̃">videtur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et ſi ita concludatur argumentum, vt ſecundo loco monuimus; concede <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> ſolùm de extentione. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> obſtat, ſi dixeris, quod requiritur ad ſagum conſuendum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe ſummum, quae <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> dupliciter <lb></lb>apud Ariſt. </s> <s>offendamus, vnum ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum ad aliud: ſic & ſummum eſt in virtutib. quan<lb></lb>uis mediocritate conſiſtant; etenim reperiri poteſt aliquis, qui reliquis medium melius aſſequatur. <pb pagenum="979"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5595"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Alterum quoque argumentum peruertit canones collationis: requirit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> collatio terminos vniuocos. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi rite facienda ſit: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> album cum albiore, aut minus albo confertur, non autem cum eo quod atrius <lb></lb>ſit, aut minus atrum; niſi quatenus magis, aut minus album. </s> <s>Confer tu nunc atrum in quinto gradu <lb></lb>cum altero quod ſit in minore gradu, nil officiet, quominus ſit eo perfectius. </s> <s>ſic, ſi conferas minus al<lb></lb>bum cum albiore, erit hoc illo perfectius. </s> <s>Sed perpetuò memoria tenendum eſt in his quæ per ſe ipſa <lb></lb>ſunt imperfecta, quod ſemper alteri è contrariis euenit, perfectionem pro rei ſubiectæ ratione con<lb></lb>ſtitui debere. </s> <s>Neque nos mouent auctoritates in medio poſitæ, cùm menſura duplex ſit, vt in di<lb></lb>ſceptatione de tempore docuimus, vel natura prior, ſicut motus cęli menſura temporis eſſe diceba<lb></lb>tur, vel etiam poſterior, vt contrà tempus ponebatur menſura motus cęleſtis. </s> <s>Hoc igitur modo non <lb></lb>inconuenit, Ariſt. </s> <s>ſignificare quippiam ex eo quod nobis notius, & natura poſterius exiſtat: quan<lb></lb>quam apud mentem fœcundam certior ratio metiendi perhibetur quæ petitur ab eo quod eſt prius <lb></lb>natura, & omnis menſura perfectionis, vel proximè, vel remotè in id reſoluitur quod natura prius eſt: <lb></lb>nanque omne ſpatium quod terminatur oppoſitis, duplici habitudine conſiſtit, actus .ſ. </s> <s>& poteſtatis: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ratione permutata vnum ex altero percipitur, vt ex albiore minus nigrum. 8. autem Phyſ. nulla <lb></lb>mentio facta eſt de menſura, ſed illud affirmatum, in fine motus ea quæ rectà mouentur ſecundùm na<lb></lb>turam, velocius agi, atque id deſcriptum per <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> à quo, ſeu quae idem <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> foret diſtantiæ ter<lb></lb>mini à quo, & viciniæ termini ad quem; ſiue quae nobis notius id quod ab Ariſt. </s> <s>factitatum eſt rei ipſius <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5596"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturam negligente nonnunquam, vt captui noſtro conſulat; attamen relinquit peritiorib. vt res iudi<lb></lb>cent, prout ſingularum natura poſtulat. </s> <s>Quapropter illi melius omnino, & magis ex mente Ariſt. </s> <s>qui <lb></lb>menſuram ab eo quod in quoque genere perfectius eſſet, duci voluerunt, & id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ab Ariſt. </s> <s>vſurpa<lb></lb>tum: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex eo, quòd ſpecies eſt propinquior primæ ſubſtantiæ, quàm genus; eam quoque genere <lb></lb>magis ſubſtantiam eſſe vult. </s> <s>Docet inſuper ſcribenti hiſtoriam animalium hominis euariationem eſſe <lb></lb>præponendam, vt quemadmodum numiſmatum exploratores adulterina cum legitimis conferunt, <lb></lb>ſic nos aliorum animalium parteis cum humanis comparemus. </s> <s>Aſſerit prætereà verum iudex eſſe ſui <lb></lb>& falſi, ac rectum obliqui. </s> <s>Melius item illud eſſe cenſetur quod optimo propinquius. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Necnon 3. de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5597"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>An. <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> hoc litterarum monumentis commendatum, neceſſe eſſe vno metiri; hoc autem eſſe finem, & id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5598"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod per ſeipſum expetendum eſſet; reliqua verò magis expetenda, & reliquis anteponenda, quo huic <lb></lb>fini magis appropinquant: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> etiam perpetuò præponere ſolitus eſt in methodis id quod eſt ſum<lb></lb>mum, vt inde per abſentiam conditionum quæ in ipſo ſpectantur, de cęteris iudicium ferat. </s> <s>Sic exa<lb></lb>ctiſsima illa demonſtratio proponitur ad definiendum, & latio priore loco perpenditur in phyſicis <lb></lb>quæ motus omneis antecellit. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> In prima philoſophia ſubſtantia; ſumma beatitudo in ethicis. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5599"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obrem cùm inter ea quæ ſunt, primos honores occuparit D. O. M. ab hoc item petetur eorum menſura <lb></lb>quæ ſunt, vt ab ipſo etiam factum eſt 2. de ortu. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Ita igitur ab eo quod in quoque genere primum eſt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5600"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5601"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menſuræ rationem arceſſemus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5587"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5588"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5589"></margin.target>a T. 16.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5590"></margin.target>b T. 76.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5591"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5592"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5593"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5594"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5595"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5596"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5597"></margin.target>a 2. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 66.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5598"></margin.target>b T. 57.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5599"></margin.target>c 1. de hiſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5600"></margin.target>d T. 59.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5601"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quemadmodum ratio menſuræ congruat cum diuina ſubstantia. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>DEVM O. M. omnium eorum quæ ſunt, eſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> ſic <expan abbr="planũ">planum</expan> erat apud veteres Peripateticos, <lb></lb>vt nullius demonſtrationis indigeret: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & hoc nob. </s> <s>in pręſentia <expan abbr="ratũ">ratum</expan> ſit. </s> <s>At verò quemadmo<lb></lb>dum id eueniat, pauca quædam à Simplicio <emph type="sup"></emph>e<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> diuulgata comperio: nihil apud alios Græcos, quod <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5602"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ego meminerim. </s> <s>Sed id quod eruditiſsimus ille philoſophus profitetur, <expan abbr="maiorẽ">maiorem</expan> in modum menſuræ <lb></lb><expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> oppugnat, vt facilè <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> hæreat in eo, ſint'ne verę conditiones illæ menſuræ quas accepimus <lb></lb>ſuprà; an'ne falsò Deus <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> menſura perhibeatur. </s> <s>Etenim illa eſt Dei natura excellens, & omnibus <lb></lb>partib. abſoluta, vt <expan abbr="quencunq.">quencunque</expan> bonitatis <expan abbr="perfectionisq́ue">perfectionisque</expan> gradum in ſeſe eminentiore quodammodo <lb></lb>contineat: quare & optimus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>maximus habetur. </s> <s>Cùm talis ſit illa <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> pro merito celebran<lb></lb>da eſſentia, ſequitur, vt ſi menſura ſtatuatur; non minimum quidem, id quod menſuræ proprium eſſe <lb></lb>accepimus, ſed maximum quoddam ponatur. </s> <s>Proinde aut aliud menſuræ genus excogitandum eſt à <lb></lb>ſuperiore diuerſum, aut modus quo Deus, quanuis Optimus & Maximus, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> minimum quid cogi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5603"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tetur, quo poſsit eſſe menſura. </s> <s>Ac Simplicius quidem cùm perfectum videat eſſe menſuram imperfe<lb></lb>cti; & eiuſmodi, vt contineat imperfectum, menſuram quoque vt totum ſe habere pronunciauit, & <lb></lb>multa confingere cogitur <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> doceat maximum eſſe menſuram; quia videlicet <foreign lang="grc">συλληπτικὸν</foreign> ſit & <foreign lang="grc">ἐνο<lb></lb>ποιὸν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>vim habeat comprehendendi, & efficiendi vnum. </s> <s>Cæterùm quamuis id illius eſſentiæ con<lb></lb>ditiones ſignificet, quæ vim habeant efficiendi vnum, & ad ſeſe omnia colligendi; at mihi non vide<lb></lb>tur ex eo menſuræ rationem colligi: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ex toto partes <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> mihi cognoſcere ſuccedit; ſed ex parti<lb></lb>bus in totius notitiam venio metiendo; quocirca totum confuſæ notitiæ principium prohibetur, par<lb></lb>tes <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> diſtinctæ; vt etiam Platone auctore, quot ſunt partes, tot ſint menſuræ; ac ſiquid aliud metia<lb></lb>tur; ideò metitur, quae eius parti ſit æquale id quod metitur: ſic menſura abſoluitur ea parte ſimpliciſsi<lb></lb>ma quæ in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſt quod metiri volumus. </s> <s>Quapropter hoc mihi in mentem venit quo illam ratio<lb></lb>nem menſuræ vulgatam defendamus. </s> <s>Cùm enim ratio perfectionis à forma & actu ducatur; imper<lb></lb>fectionis autem macula à poteſtate & materia, ab his etiam fontib. menſuræ rationem accipiendam <lb></lb>eſſe cenſeo: quia verò metiri generatim cognoſcere eſt; omnis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> cognitio deriuatur ab actu; cùm per <lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> actus indiuiduus ſit, materia fluat, & <expan abbr="extẽtionis">extentionis</expan>, multitudinis <expan abbr="infinitatisq́">infinitatisque</expan>. </s> <s>ſit cauſſa; <expan abbr="vniuersã">vniuersam</expan> <lb></lb>metiendi rationem ab actu petendam eſſe prædico. </s> <s>Quia verò poſſent hæc nullo negocio reperire con <pb pagenum="980"></pb>ſenſum; tranſeo ad illud, vt doceam, quemadmodum id quod ſummum eſt, ſit pars eius quod in ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5604"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſo continet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> id meo quidem iudicio ſic ſe habet. </s> <s>Actum qui in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere primus, ac ſum<lb></lb>mus eſt, ſi cùm cæteris quæ ſunt generis eiuſdem <expan abbr="cõferatur">conferatur</expan>; ad ea eſſe velut habitum ad priuationem: <lb></lb>quamobrem eo ipſo modo quo actus à priuatione comprehenditur, & eius fit pars: ſic actus qui in <lb></lb>ſuo genere præcipuus eſt, in reliquis eiuſdem generis partibus continebitur, <expan abbr="eorumq́">eorumque</expan>. </s> <s>pars optimo fue<lb></lb>re reputabitur. </s> <s>Habitus autem in priuatione continetur, quia priuatio ſine habitu <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> intelli<lb></lb>gi poteſt, & eſt ratione prior, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecundùm rationem indiuiduus, ac minimus. </s> <s>Quanquam nos de <lb></lb>hac compoſitione mox nonnulla adſcribemus: intereà ſatis eſto, ſi eam Ariſtotelis auctoritate perſua<lb></lb>deamus, & transferamus ad rem noſtram. </s> <s>Hanc igitur compoſitionem ab Ariſtotelis placito non ab<lb></lb>horrere ſignificant ea quæ nos docuit, dum explicaret, quemadmodum negatio ſe habeat ad affirma<lb></lb>tionem; <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in negatione comprehendi affirmationem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in negatione bis ipſum eſſe inclu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5605"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di, cùm ſemel inſit in affirmatione; ac ſimplicius quid monſtrauit eſſe habitum, quàm priuationem: <lb></lb>addunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> negatio, & priuatio affirmationi, & habitui caſum quendam & deflexum ab eo quod ve<lb></lb>rè, & ſimpliciter eſt. </s> <s>Quocirca ſi ſe habent, ſicuti partes habitus priuationis, & actus poteſtatis, ſatis ap<lb></lb>paret, quemadmodum minima ſint, & conſequentium valeant eſſe menſuræ, cùm item veriſimile ſit <lb></lb>toties actum comprehendi, quot ſunt gradus inſignes illius caſus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> deflexus, toties item menſuram <lb></lb>ſtatuemus. </s> <s>Accipe hominem, qui noſtratium rerum perfectiſsimus eſt; in eo corporis natura contine<lb></lb>tur, vitæ ſenſus, motus & mentis: cætera quæ ſunt apud nos, ſunt veluti priuationes eorum quæ ſunt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5606"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ipſo: bruta; quia mente careant, zoophyta, quia careant motu & mente. </s> <s>plantæ præter hæc neque <lb></lb>ſenſum habeant; inanima, quia nulla polleant ratione viuendi. </s> <s>Cùm ergo brutorum caſus ſimplex ſit, <lb></lb>zoophytorum duplex; triplex autem plantarum, vltimus inanimorum: ſic homo toties repetitus illa <lb></lb>omnia metietur, ac primum ea quæ proxima ſunt, deinde ea quæ longius abſunt; vt demum ad abſolu<lb></lb>tam <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> priuationem in eo genere procedat: ſic vniuerſa quorum menſura eſt, abſoluat. </s> <s>Specta, obſe<lb></lb>cro, demonſtrationem: ea ſyllogiſmus eſt generans ſcientiam ex primis, veris, notiorib. natura & no<lb></lb>bis, cauſsis concluſionis, & rei concluſæ. </s> <s>accipe ex altera parte demonſtrationem quae res ſit: ea non erit <lb></lb>ex cauſsis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> priorib. natura & nob. </s> <s>ſed ex cauſſa remota, vel ex effectu: mox obſerua ſyllogiſmum <lb></lb>dialecticum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic non ex rei cauſsis, ſed concluſionis erit tantummodò: poſtremò ſophiſticus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <lb></lb>item concluſionis cauſſas complectetur. </s> <s>Ita de cęteris dicere oportebit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur inter ea quæ ſunt, <lb></lb>Deus ſit actus ſupremus, & reliqua ad illum ſint veluti priuationes, ſic in illis, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> habitus in priuatio<lb></lb>ne includetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita rationem menſuræ ſubibit; vt pro interuallo quod per varios priuationum gra<lb></lb>dus iudicatur, eorum humilitas, & excellentia ſit æſtimanda. </s> <s>ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mens abſoluta eſt, actus puriſsi<lb></lb>mus, & forma ſimpliciſsima æterna, indiuidua, planè immobilis & per ſe & per accidens: motu vero, <lb></lb>& motu metaphorico ab ipſa mentes aliæ quæ tametſi æternæ ſunt, & indiuiduæ, nec per ſe <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5607"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nec per accidens vero motu, at mouentur per accidens motu metaphorico, cùm aliud extra ſe & intel<lb></lb>ligant, & appetant, eſt cęlum ęternum, vt placet Ariſtoteli, id <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> immobile; quę ſunt <lb></lb>ab his, aut mentem habent mole corporis oppreſſam; aut ne veſtigium quidem mentis obtinuerunt, <lb></lb>alia ne animæ quidem, ſunt & illa quorum nullus extat actus, aut forma. </s> <s>Sic quemadmodum nume<lb></lb>ros vnitas dimetitur ordine quodam & per certam repetitionem bis quidem duo, ter verò tria, & eſt <lb></lb>ſingulorum pars, ſic primum in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> genere pars eſt eorum quę ſunt ex ipſo, & percertas repetitio<lb></lb>nes ſingula permetitur. </s> <s>Hoc igitur modo quod <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eſt <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> menſura conſtitui poteſt iis conditio<lb></lb>nib. conſeruatis quę menſurę <expan abbr="cõi">coni</expan> ſenſu tribui conſuerunt. </s> <s>At verò & illud obſtare videtur ingenio <lb></lb>menſurę: ſiquidem ſi nos certiores factura eſt; ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> nota ſit neceſſe eſt: vbi igitur eiuſmodi ſit id <lb></lb>quod primum facimus in ſuo genere, vt ipſo mens noſtra potiri valeat, ſeu quae notum ſit nob. </s> <s>ſeu natu<lb></lb>ra, nil referat nunc, rationem menſurę ſubibit, & officium ſuum perbellè pręſtabit: ſed vbi <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> fue<lb></lb>rit, vt certè eſt, aut tametſi <expan abbr="finitũ">finitum</expan>, quod Peripateticè confecimus: ignotum nob. </s> <s>eſt: ſuperat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ea lux <lb></lb><expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> captum mentis humanę: qua igitur ratione nos certiores faciet de cęterarum rerum perfectio<lb></lb>ne? </s> <s>ſi id non poterit, quo ergo modo poterit haberi menſura? </s> <s>Hîc primùm ex Peripateticorum decre<lb></lb>to rem peragemus, deinde ſiquo pacto veritati patrocinari licebit, efficere ſtudebimus. </s> <s>Dicemus verò <lb></lb><expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> eo modo quo licet nob. </s> <s>illius adipiſci <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan>, eſſe <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poſſe <expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan>, vt <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> <expan abbr="effectuũ">effectuum</expan>, <expan abbr="motusq.">mo<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5608"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tusque</expan> auxilio quę poſteriora ſunt, <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> illius attigimus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> licuit per humanas conditio<lb></lb>nes (ſoli <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſibi plenè cognitus eſt) tamen ſatis eſt ea cognitio ad certiores nos faciendos de menſura <expan abbr="re-rũ">re<lb></lb>rum</expan> quę ſunt ab ipſo: nam ſicuti Sol, támetſi oculus in eius obtutu hebeſcit, & hallucinatur, nec tantum <lb></lb>lumen ſuſtinere poteſt; nihilominus vt <expan abbr="maximũ">maximum</expan> in eo genere <expan abbr="cõprehendit">comprehendit</expan>, & cęterorum <expan abbr="ſplendidorũ">ſplendidorum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="menſurã">menſuram</expan> conſtituit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eius ope adiutus cuncta videnda percipit: ſic id quod de Deo percipimus, alia<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> nob. </s> <s>indicare poteſt. </s> <s>Etenim alia eſt eſſentię cognitio; alia perfectionis: licèt per<lb></lb>fectionis cognitio flagitet eſſentię <expan abbr="cognitionẽ">cognitionem</expan>: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> dum eſſentia veſtigatur: <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> <expan abbr="cõplent">complent</expan>, cer<lb></lb>tiſsimè teneantur oportet: ſed dum gradus perfectionis inquiritur, & cum alio comparatur, atque ad <lb></lb>primum ſingula referuntur; ſcire volumus, quid hoc plus habeat <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud, è quorum præſentia & abſen<lb></lb>tia de perfectione iudicium ferimus: <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> igitur hoc ineſſe in primo ſciuerimus, abeſſe ab <lb></lb>alio, id habemus, vnde iudicium de perfectione colligitur. </s> <s>Vniuerſa planè Dei eſſentia non perſpici<lb></lb>tur à nob. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam lumen Solis: at noui ipſum Deum eſſe immobilem omnib. modis, hæc <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>moueri. </s> <s>ſcio mentem eſſe, quanta ſit ignoro, plantam mente carere, & ſic à ſummo illo deficere, habe<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>: ergo & plantam mente ab homine ſuperari. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſat eſt, ſi conditiones ineſſe <expan abbr="tantũmodò">tantummodò</expan> <pb pagenum="981"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5609"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſciam, tametſi nauiter illarum excellentiam non aſſequar. </s> <s>In Sole lux ſumma vt colores acuat ad <lb></lb>mouendum aſpectum; in aſtris ita remiſſa, vt tenebras propemodum non excutiat, colores in lumi<lb></lb>ne videntur: pellucida nec ſine lumine, nec ſine colore perſpici queunt. </s> <s>Num'ne horum differen<lb></lb>tias, & gradus non aſpicimus, & intelligimus quid cui præſtet, etſi in Sole cęcutimus? </s> <s>Sit nunc eſ<lb></lb>ſentia Dei infinita; quid igitur infinitas illa obſtabit, quominus attributa, quę ſunt in Deo, ſi non ple<lb></lb>nè, ſaltem aliquo modo tenentes, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> & quot ea quę hîc ſunt, abundent, aut priuata ſint, percipere <lb></lb>queamus? </s> <s>Sed illud addo prętereà: Quicquid in noſtram notitiam cadit, ſemper vt finitum compre<lb></lb>hendi: ſiue <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit ſenſus, ſeu phantaſia, ſeu mens, ſiue ea ſit conditio formarum mouentium, ſeu facul<lb></lb>tatum, quę accipiunt. </s> <s>ac ſi ratio ſentiendi valet <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ad faciendam coniecturam de his quę cadunt <lb></lb>in mentem, res facilè perſuaderi poterit: quandò in viſu, cuius vnius officium pertinet ad ea quę lon<lb></lb>giſsimè diſtant, & cuius officium ſimile eſt ad modùm officio mentis, vbi magnum quoddam <expan abbr="ſpatiũ">ſpatium</expan> <lb></lb>offertur, vt via longiſsima, partem eius, non totum comprehendit, & illi quodammodo terminos im<lb></lb>ponit, conſimiliter ſi illi vaſtum quoddam ſpatium ſubiiciatur, interminatum, vt cęli, & aëris, maris, <lb></lb>& nebulę, terminatum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſemper apparet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alia quidem referunt colorem ceruleum, nebula <lb></lb>eminus aſpicitur candens: vel quae obiectum ſic moueat, vt poteſt, nec plus eminus efficere valeat, vel quae <lb></lb>anima imponat modum, quia <expan abbr="quidq.">quidque</expan> ſuo modo accipiat, ſiue <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> eueniat, & naturale eſt, & cùm <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5610"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obſeruetur in aliis; in hoc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <expan abbr="vſurpatũ">vſurpatum</expan> nihil afferet, quod fieri nequeat. </s> <s>Idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> præſtat phan<lb></lb>taſia: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi numeri in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> augentur; attamen eos perpetuò coërcet, & terminat. </s> <s>Quod igitur <lb></lb>in his facultatib. accidit, dum maximum quid, aut infinitum tractant; ſi menti <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> noſtræ conceda<lb></lb>tur; quid conſequetur abſurdi? </s> <s>Comprehenditur ergo Deus à nob. </s> <s>quantum poteſt, & quamuis infi<lb></lb>nitus, à mente noſtra finitur; vt infinitus à ſeipſo ſolùm, qui infinitus eſt, abſolutè concipitur: vt fini<lb></lb>tus <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>, & multò minor quàm ipſe ſit, nec propter ſeipſum, ſed propter noſtram conditionem ſi defen<lb></lb>das Ariſtotelem; habet vim metiendi reliqua; ſic radicitùs euellitur error ille metiendi ex non gradu; <lb></lb>quia primum foret infinitum & ignotum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5602"></margin.target>e 4. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5603"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5604"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5605"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt. <lb></lb>T. 40. <lb></lb><lb></lb>1. Ele. </s> <s>c. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5606"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5607"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5608"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5609"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5610"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod' nam compoſitionis genus menſuræ ſupponatur, vbi multa de compoſitione rationis, & rei <lb></lb>diſſeruntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>EA quæ ſunt, vel actus ſunt, vel poteſtates; vel ex actu & poteſtate: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> actus quidem vel corpo<lb></lb>rei, ſicut cęlum, quod actu concluſimus eſſe ſubſtantiam, vel formæ materiatæ; incorporei verò <lb></lb>Deus, qui omnium actuum ſupremus & principes eſt, ſecundæ mentes, à quibus orbes inferiores vol<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5611"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uuntur, & mens humana, ſi illam in incorporeorum actuum ſerie collocamus; ſi minus; eſt ſaltem in <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> generis actuum confinio; quapropter cùm ſit vno genere ſummum, alterius <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſapit vim: <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> pendet ex corpore, & ſic eſt forma, vt cùm cæteri actus incorporei, ſint per aſſociationem, & ad <lb></lb>officium, non ad eſſe, corporei verò vel ſimpliciter ſint in qualibet materiæ parte; vel ſint totius, hoc <lb></lb>eſt, ex vna prima parte reliquas, vt <foreign lang="grc">προσπεφυκείας</foreign>, & adnexas informet & regat: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> mens, quaſi me<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5612"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dia, efficiat quae res ſit; à reliquis formis ſeiugetur, quia ſit totius, non partium forma; & cùm hoc perti<lb></lb>neat per <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> animas, ea ſic ab iis ſeparetur, quae in officio ſit, vt nulla tamen corporea perturbatione pro<lb></lb>ximè afficiatur, quemadmodum reliquæ, his formis materia ſupponitur, quæ ſunt ab his, omnia ex <lb></lb>actu & poteſtate conſtant eum inter ſe ordinem conſeruantia quem formæ, à quibus habuere quae ſint: <lb></lb>quicquid præter ipſa eſt, eſt non ens. </s> <s>Cùm igitur in compoſitis ordo ponatur beneficio formæ ad ip<lb></lb>ſarum <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> & gradus orationem noſtram reuocemus. </s> <s>Ea quæ ſupra conſtituta ſunt, nos <expan abbr="admonẽt">admonent</expan> <lb></lb>ordinem in ipſis collocandis ſic teneri oportere, prout aſſecutæ ſunt conditiones eſſentiæ diuinæ. </s> <s><expan abbr="inde-q́ue">inde<lb></lb>que</expan> menſuræ rationem eſſe deducendam: erat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prima & prorſus ſimplex; quapropter nihil eſſe po<lb></lb>terat, ad quod non optimè aptaretur, quod quæ pręſtat, ęquiſsima menſura habenda eſt. </s> <s>& quo plus <lb></lb>aut minus in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> re contineretur, ex eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſtatuendos eſſe gradus, & <expan abbr="æſtimãdam">æſtimandam</expan> perfectionem: <lb></lb>nam quo pluries in ea contineretur, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> foret imperfectior, vt quaſi in iis ad numeros extet pro<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5613"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>portio, ſed inuerſa: quo pluries <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> continetur vnum in numeris, eo <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> magis augeſcunt, ſed hic, <lb></lb>quo plus eſſentiæ menſura repetitur, perfectio fit minor: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſanè huic euento cauſſa deeſt, quandò <lb></lb>multiplicatio numeri naſcitur à materia, menſuræ verò eſſentia ſpectat formam, huius eſt officium <lb></lb>copulare, illius <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> diſpergere: ergo tendere ad plura eſt tendere ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & imperfectum, tende<lb></lb>re autem ad vnum eſt progredi ad formam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perfectum. </s> <s>Verùm quicquid hoc ſit, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quæ<lb></lb>ritur nunc, illud compertum habeamus, menſuram ad id cuius eſt, eſſe ſimplicem, vt ſit quodammo<lb></lb>do pars eius quod metimur: ex quo cùm Deus ſit <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> ſimpliciſsima <expan abbr="primaq́">primaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſentia, nihil aptius <lb></lb>eſſe valet ad eſſentiarum gradus pernoſcendos: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vel minimum exiſtet quod præterire cogatur. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> in his quæ menſurę ſubiiciuntur, inerit compoſitio quædam, eam nos antè in eo genere collo<lb></lb>cauimus, quòd in negatione & priuatione reperiri dicimus. </s> <s>Verùm quòd magnam difficultatem ha<lb></lb>bet noſſe, quę'nam formula compoſitionis hęc ſit, & pręſertim in ſubſtantiis à materia liberis, quę ſim<lb></lb>plices eſſe ponuntur, nolui te celare quid de hac rerum compoſitione ſentiam, generatim verò prius <lb></lb>compoſitionis modos explicabo, tum deinde exquiram, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> compoſitio ſubſtantias à ma<lb></lb>teria ſecretas attingat. </s> <s>Nemini profectò ignotum eſt duplicem eſſe compoſitionem, rei quidem pri<lb></lb>mam, rationis verò ſecundam: vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ratione prius & poſterius, ſic & ſecundùm rationem ſimplex <lb></lb>eſt, & compoſitum: ſed illud ambiguum, quid ſibi velint hę compoſitiones: quòd <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> notitiam flagi <pb pagenum="982"></pb>tant earum vocum rei .ſ. </s> <s>& rationis, hę verò ſunt ambiguę, faciunt item, vt rei, <expan abbr="rationisq́">rationisque</expan>. </s> <s>compoſitio <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5614"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>variis modis accipiatur. </s> <s>Etenim & res, & ratio communius ac preſsius ſumi ſolent: quòd res illa di<lb></lb>catur de qua prędicatur eſſe per ſe, cuius eſt abſoluta notio, & eiuſmodi, quę oratione explicante quid <lb></lb>eſt exprimatur: & generatim, quod ita per vocem ſignificatur, vt mentem ſedet audientis: ſic nomi<lb></lb>na, & verba ſignificant ſine alio, ac demum termini enuntiationis, quapropter res appellantur, quę vo<lb></lb>cibus illiuſmodi ſupponuntur, diſtribuuntur verò in ſubſtantiam & accidens, ab aliis accipitur non<lb></lb>nunquàm res pro eo quod ſeorſum extra compoſitum, cuius eſt pars, exiſtere & conſeruari poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & ea quæ ſic ſe habent, re differre dicuntur, & compoſitio, quæ fit ex his, eſt compoſitio rei. </s> <s>Sic <lb></lb>ratio ponitur in iis quæ à ſe actu cum ſalute diuelli non poſſunt, ita forma diſtinguitur à materia: <lb></lb>quare compoſitum ſic diſſoluitur, materiam & formam, vt eius ratio in earum rationem reſoluatur, <lb></lb>minus communiter accepta ratio eſt habitudo: multò etiam preſsius ratio exiſtit in iis in quorum <lb></lb>conſtitutione deſideratur officium mentis. </s> <s>Ab his modis accipitur differentia rationis, & huiuſmo<lb></lb>di rerum compoſitio ſolet appellari rationis. </s> <s>Nos ſanè hoc loco communius accipiemus rem & ra<lb></lb>tionem, <expan abbr="earumq́">earumque</expan>. </s> <s>differentias, & compoſitiones, quia ſic clarius fore confidimus id quod exponere <expan abbr="cõ-ſtituimus">con<lb></lb>ſtituimus</expan>. </s> <s>Eſt igitur, vt audiuimus, differentia & compoſitio duplex, rei .ſ. </s> <s>& rationis. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> re diſtin<lb></lb>guitur accidens ab accidente: ſubſtantia item ab accidente atque ſubſtantia ſegregatur: ratione verò <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5615"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>forma & accidens ſolummodò ſeparantur, cùm extra ſubiectum conſeruari nequeant, & quæ ſola de<lb></lb>finitione ſeiugantur, in eodem ſubiecto permanentia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa item, quæ mens ipſa molitur, vt commu<lb></lb>ne ad vnum à ſuis partib. nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt extra parteis, niſi, quantum iubet mens, & quæ modo ſegregantur, <lb></lb>vt cùm rei nihil accedit, vt duo, pluraúe ſignari poſsint, ſicut materies & priuatio, ſed res ipſa alio mo<lb></lb>do ſe habens: necnon ea quæ non per ſeipſa; ſed per aliud diſtinguuntur, & per id ad quod referun<lb></lb>tur, ſeu poſitiuum ſit, ſeu priuans: quod nomine connotati conſueuit exprimi à nonnullis. </s> <s>vt cùm po<lb></lb>tentia per actum diſiungitur, & priuatio per habitum. </s> <s>Hæc vniuerſa ratione diſtingui philoſophi <lb></lb>profitentur. </s> <s>Compoſitio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> totidem modis ſe habebit, quot ſunt eorum modi, quæ, cùm diffe<lb></lb>rant: in vnum tamen <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> ratione conueniunt, ſeu re, ſeu ratione id fiat: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> hinc compoſitio <lb></lb>rationis orietur; inde <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> rei. </s> <s>Ea verò ſe habent hoc pacto: ſiquidem in compoſitione ita exiſtant par<lb></lb>tes, vel vt actu & poteſtate diſtinguantur; vel vt aliqua antecedenti <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> actui ſuperueniat; vel eodem <lb></lb>ſubiecto conſiſtant. </s> <s>Vbi partes actu & poteſtate ſeiunguntur; ea eſt compoſitio per ſe; ſiquidem actus <lb></lb>officium ſit copulare: ſed hoc bifariam contingit; aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars vna eſt actus ſimpliciter, vt in compoſito <lb></lb>forma, cuius etiam duo ſunt modi. </s> <s>vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt aſsiſtens, vel informans; & in definitione <expan abbr="differẽtia">differentia</expan>; aut plu<lb></lb>res inter ſe habent promiſcuè rationem poteſtatis & actus, vt elementa in mixto, & vnitates in nume<lb></lb>ro: ſic lucidum & opacum in colore: proptereà cùm hæc virtute exiſtant in compoſito; genus hoc <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg5616"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſitionis ex virtute, & virtute nuncupauerim: ſed nulla compoſitio penitus extat ſine actu: in his; <lb></lb>quòd ſeparata conſiſtunt, eſt planè compoſitio rei; ſed cùm forma ſine interitu non ſegregetur à mate<lb></lb>ria; ſic erit compoſitio rei, quatenus eſſentia diſtinguuntur, & aliquid ſunt quod ſit ens per ſe. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>vbi deſit ratio formæ in eo quod accedit; eſt ea compoſitio quidem rei, ſed per accidens: vt cùm fit <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>è ſubſtantia, & accidente: cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſubſtantia ſit natura, & ſimpliciter prior, quàm accidens ſibi <expan abbr="adnexũ">adnexum</expan>; <lb></lb>habet accidens, vt conſequens: In hunc etiam ordinem conferemus, ſi cæteros audimus; compoſitio<lb></lb>nem formæ, & operationis, tanquam operatio ſit accidens: conſimiliter numerus poſterior ex vno per <lb></lb>ſe componitur, ex priore <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> numero per accidens: euenit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt in tertia repetitione ſecunda contine<lb></lb>retur, & illa in quarta: proinde ille ordo ex vno eſt per varios gradus, vt ſi ab eodem domino duo<lb></lb>bus viris duo munera demandentur, quorum alterum ad alterum ſe non habeat vt miniſtrans, veluti <lb></lb>dioecetæ & architriclino, <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> primò penderent à domino, ſed ordine quodam; præponeretur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb>dioecetes: nec tamen huic ille ſeruiret; ſed <expan abbr="vterq.">vterque</expan> reſpicerent dominum. </s> <s>Non ita ſe haberet prodioe<lb></lb>cetes, quòd fultus virtute dioecetes eidem domino miniſtraret. </s> <s>Sic igitur numeri continentur ante<lb></lb>cedentes in conſequentibus, ſed per accidens; Hunc ordinem ſic Latini diſtinguunt in eum quem cauſ<lb></lb>ſalitatis dicunt, & alterum quem participationis; & hunc quidem numeris aſsignant, alterum dene<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5617"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gant. </s> <s>Eſt & compoſitio plurium accidentium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem per accidens, ſiquidem accidens acci<lb></lb>denti ſuapte natura non inſit. </s> <s>propriè tamen compoſiuo rei ſolet intelligi, quando aliquid conſtatè <lb></lb>pluribus entib. quæ ſint per ſe, & ſui præſentia faciunt compoſitum, quod dicitur ingredi rem mate<lb></lb>rialiter. </s> <s>In idem quoque compoſitionis genus referunt Latini eam quæ ex participante & participato <lb></lb>conſtat, vt in iis quæ dicuntur ad vnum, quæ per illius primi participationem ſubſiſtunt. </s> <s>Porrò tri<lb></lb>plex ab illis participatio ponitur: etenim totum participatum fit pars eius quod participat, quemad<lb></lb>modum materia quæ cadit in mentem, fit pars eſſentiæ, vel pars participati fit item pars alterius, veluti <lb></lb>pars vnius elementi fit pars mixti, vel totum participatum, fit etiam totum participans; velut quod <lb></lb>actu intelligitur, fit ipſa mens actu; & denique vbi intercedat habitudo facultatis & obiecti; Rationis <lb></lb>item compoſitio multiformis eſt; nam complectitur illa etiam, quæ non ſunt, vnde ante, quàm res fie<lb></lb>ret, Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> compoſitum eſſe ex materia & priuatione prædicabat. </s> <s>Etiam compoſitio tribuitur ab Ari<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5618"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſtotele affirmationi & negationi, quam mens ipſa facit, ſiquidem in natura ſit hoc album, quod mens <lb></lb>reſoluens in ſubiectum & prædicatum componit, & enuntiat. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> dicitur hæc compoſitio rationis, <lb></lb>quòd fit ab ipſa mente, non à natura. </s> <s>Eſt & tertia quædam compoſitionis formula, cùm in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> con<lb></lb>ueniunt modus, & modus (puto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> te meminiſſe eorum quæ diximus lib. 2. vbi ens per actum, & po<lb></lb>teſtatem diſtribuimus, tanquam parteis in materiam, & formam, & modos.) Nunc poteſtas & actus <pb pagenum="983"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5619"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>accipiuntur, vt modi, non vt res, & ex illis ipſis modis aliqua conflari conſtituitur, vt opinor, quòd <lb></lb>extet <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> principij, ſeu virtus, ſeu modus ipſius eſſe in vna ſubſtantia: ſicuti cùm dicitur eſſe actu <lb></lb>animal, poteſtate cadauer. </s> <s>quare etiam hanc compoſitionem nonnullos ex virtute & virtute noui<lb></lb>mus appellare. </s> <s>Arbitror item vbi modus rei ſuperueniat, eſſe hanc compoſitionem rationis; quando <lb></lb>nil accedat eo tempore, quod per ſe ſit, ſed habitudo rem mutat, ita vt ſit eadem omnino res, aliter <lb></lb>autem <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> aliter ſe habens. </s> <s>Hæ ſunt compoſitionis ſpecies quæ ſolent induci à Latinis, vbi de eſſen<lb></lb>tia ſecundarum mentium ſermonem faciunt, aut paullò pauciores, nam compoſitio rei & modi, ni fal<lb></lb>lor, à nobis allata eſt in medio nunc primum, aut ſaltem ad hoc inſtitutum. </s> <s>Sed antequàm ad illas <lb></lb>deueniam, libet pro doctrinæ conſtantia quædam dicta ex his animaduertere, cùm ſint ſpecies non<lb></lb>nullæ compoſitionis de quarum ordine mihi non admodùm conueniat cum veterib. quare ſic eas di<lb></lb>ſponere conabor, vt cum ſuperiorib. congruant. </s> <s>Etenim ponitur compoſitio in facultate & obiecto, <lb></lb>quæ nulla tamen eſſe videtur. </s> <s>proptereà quòd compoſitionis extremum eſt ipſum compoſitum, qua<lb></lb>ſi tertium quoddam, ſi non re, ſaltem eſſentiæ diſiunctum à partibus quæ veniunt in compoſitionem: <lb></lb>ſed facultas idem fit formaliter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> obiectum, nec cùm totum fiat totum, ſeu facultas fiat obiectum, <lb></lb>ſiue obiectum <expan abbr="trãsformetur">transformetur</expan> in facultatem (vtrunque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> efficitur, vbi traducantur ad actum) ibi par<lb></lb>tium ratio poteſt haberi, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> nec vlla aderit compoſitio, vnum eſt enim, & vnius in alterum conuer<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5620"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſio, non compoſitio. </s> <s>Alterum, quod in eodem compoſitionis genere mihi in mentem venit, illud <lb></lb>eſt: ſiquidem vbi totum participatum fiat pars eius quod participat, non vniuſmodi eſt, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mate<lb></lb>rialiter participatur; <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt participatio ſubſtantiæ, quæ tota remanet in accidente, eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Socrates al<lb></lb>bus, & quantitas eſt ſubſtantia quanta, aut eſt ſolius participatio rationis, cùm id quod participatur, <lb></lb>compleat notionem eius quod participat, vt ſine illo concipi nequeat, & ſit natura prius: ſic habitus <lb></lb>in priuatione continetur, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> reipſa habitus eſt in priuatione, ſunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> repugnantia; & <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex his <lb></lb>includit alterius negationem, ſed habitus eſt natura prior, & notionem priuationis abſoluit. </s> <s>Proin<lb></lb>de <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> ex re, & priuatione multiformis eſt: etenim eſt ex ſubiecto, & priuatione, eſt ex habitu, & <lb></lb>priuatione, vbi habitus eſt pars priuationis, ſed pars <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> rationem: eſt & <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> priuationis & <lb></lb>habitus, cùm in eo, quod eſt actu intrinſecùs, non vt in ſubiecto, ineſt alicuius rei priuatio, vt in bicubi<lb></lb>to priuatio tricubiti, de quo <expan abbr="cõpoſitionis">compoſitionis</expan> genere proximè diſſerendum eſt. </s> <s>Collocatur etiam in ordine <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ & accidentis forma & operatio; quaſi ſit eadem compoſitio formæ & operationis, quæ eſt <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ & accidentis. </s> <s>Cùm verò nos olim docuimus <expan abbr="operationẽ">operationem</expan> eſſe perfectionem formę, & reipſa <lb></lb>non differre à forma, niſi modo, quae eadem eſſet forma, otioſa quidem vbi impediretur, & operans impe<lb></lb>diente depulſo, aut toto illo primo genere <expan abbr="cõpoſitionis">compoſitionis</expan> excludimus, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> rationis facimus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5621"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aut analogicè referri credimus in <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> poteſtatis & actus. </s> <s>Obſeruanda eſt item ea <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> ex mo<lb></lb>do & modo: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> in primo compoſitionis ordine collocatur à cęteris; quam tamen propter <expan abbr="ingeniũ">ingenium</expan> <lb></lb>modi in altera tabula compoſitionis, ſcribere placuit: tametſi cum generatim, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſpeciatim illa <expan abbr="cõ-poſitio">con<lb></lb>poſitio</expan> mihi ſuſpecta eſt. </s> <s>Etenim nec modi <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> ſimpliciter efficiunt, quia ſemper aliqua res <lb></lb>illis ſupponatur oportet quæ ſuſtineat modum: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rei cuiuſpiam modus. </s> <s>Deinde cùm ex modo, & <lb></lb>modo <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> faciunt, accipiunt virtutem actus, & virtutem poteſtatis, quæ res ſunt ex ordine <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>ſed ſi ita ſit, in <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> ex his neceſſe eſt incidamus, vt <expan abbr="ſignificet̃">ſignificetur</expan> analogia poteſtatis & actus, <lb></lb>quæ poteſtas in æternis, quatenus æterna ſunt (iis verò tribuitur, vt audiemus) locum non habet, aut <lb></lb>nunquàm ſit redigenda in actum, aut actus & poteſtas non ſint proxima principia rerum compoſita<lb></lb>rum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> proximè faciant vnum, ſiquidem requiratur pręter actum & poteſtatem aliqua virtus <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ ſanè, ſi re non differt ab ipſis; iam ſuperuacanea reputabitur, aut non efficiet rei <expan abbr="cõpoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan> ſim<lb></lb>pliciter, ſicuti nos opinamur, ſi re diſtinguitur: ergo aliquid intercedat oportet quod vnum faciat ex <lb></lb>actu & poteſtate, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id intrinſecus, quod nunquam placuit Ariſtoteli. </s> <s>erit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> aggregatio plurium per <lb></lb>ſe conſiſtentium: ſic generatio erit aggregatio. </s> <s>Poſtremò in omnibus iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, ponunt <lb></lb>compoſitionem rei, cùm tamen multa ſint, in quibus ſit ordo priuationis & habitus: eſto <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quòd ita <lb></lb>ſe habeant accidens & ſubſtantia, vt in eodem ſubiecto conſiſtant, & fortè ſpecies omnes motus in ca<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5622"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ducis, attamen aliqua etiam ſubiecto ſeparantur, & ſolam rationem mutuant poſterioribus, vt pes <lb></lb>animalis, & pes menſæ. </s> <s>Habes igitur hactenus de compoſitionum formulis iudicium noſtrum. </s> <s>Nunc <lb></lb>ea quæ vniuersè conſtituta ſunt, ad mentes ipſas applicemus.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5611"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5612"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>motu an. <lb></lb>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5613"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5614"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5615"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5616"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5617"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5618"></margin.target>a 1. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5619"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5620"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5621"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5622"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod' nam compoſitionis genus pertineat ad mentes à materia ſolutas. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>CVM quattuor ſint mentium claſſes, Dei, ſecundarum mentium quæ liberæ ſunt ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> concretio<lb></lb>ne materię, cęleſtis animæ, & mentis humanæ, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> perſuaderi ſe paſſus eſt ab Ariſtotele, eſ<lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> genus mouentium, quod <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> foret; venit <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſententiam, quae eſſet vnum <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>mouens, omnibus modis immobile, & <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, nullam in ſe <expan abbr="varietatẽ">varietatem</expan> admittens, nil intelligens, aut expe<lb></lb>tens extra ſe: nil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> maius generatur ipſo: quamobrem prorſus ſimplex: anima cœleſtis, & mens hu<lb></lb>mana; tametſi corpus quodam pacto reſpiciunt; nihilominus, vt ex Deo pendent, ſubeunt eum com<lb></lb>poſitionis <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> qui cęteris mentibus attribuitur; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & <expan abbr="eiſdẽ">eiſdem</expan> regulis comprehendentur: quanquàm <lb></lb>& id analogicè pertinet ad <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> genus entis, quatenus cum D. O. M. confertur: ſed cùm ſit analogica <expan abbr="cõ-poſitio">con<lb></lb>poſitio</expan>, relinquit conſiderandum quid habeat proprij, in mentibus ſecundis quas cęteroqui ſubſtan<lb></lb>tias ſimplices eſſe perhibetur. </s> <s>In primis igitur duos compoſitionis modos ipſas accipere fatentur <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan>; <pb pagenum="984"></pb>eam .ſ. </s> <s>quæ ex facultate & obiecto conſtat, quae ſaltem ſuperiores eſſentias ſingulæ concipiant, neque id <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5623"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>negatur à nobis, niſi quae eam copulationem ex ordine compoſitionum non eſſe credimus: alter modus <lb></lb>compoſitionis eſt, vt volunt, ex forma & operatione tanquam ex ſubſtantia, & accidente; quæ eſt com<lb></lb>poſitio rei. </s> <s>Nos item damus hanc compoſitionem; præterquàm quòd nolumus eſſe compoſitionem <lb></lb>rei, ſed rationis, cùm operatio non accidat formæ: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hîc à facultate ſeparetur actus: niſi fortè quae <lb></lb>actus ab externo perficitur. </s> <s>Sed quoniam hæc eſſentiam mentis non attingunt; nec interna ſunt; ete<lb></lb>nim pendent ex obiecto; quid de interna eſſentiæ compoſitione ſtatuendum ſit, mox attendamus. </s> <s>Il<lb></lb>lud inquirendum primo loco mihi occurrit generatim, ſit'ne in eo ſubſtantiarum genere compoſitio: <lb></lb>deinde qui'nam ille ſit compoſitionis modus, rei'ne, an rationis: tertiò quæ ſit ſpecies ipſius, ſiue col<lb></lb>locetur in ea quæ rationis eſt; ſiue etiam rei. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> vt de primo dicam, ea perſuadent in mentib. nul<lb></lb>lam eſſe compoſitionem internam; ſed externam ſolùm, de qua dictum eſt antè: ſiquidem in mente <lb></lb>non differat eſſe ſimpliciter ab eſſe hoc: caret <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia: nulla igitur interna compoſitio. </s> <s>Nam quan<lb></lb>uis id ſolùm Deo concedatur à plurimis, in quo eſſe, & eſſentia ſunt idem ſimpliciter at nos qui philo<lb></lb>ſophi veſtigiis inſiſtimus, omne eiuſmodi eſſe profitemur, quod à ſenſili materia ſecretum eſt. </s> <s>Præte<lb></lb>reà maius diſcrimen intercedit inter eſſentiam & officium, quàm inter eſſentiæ parteis; ſed officium & <lb></lb>eſſentia ſunt vnum & idem; multò igitur magis vnum partes eſſentiæ ſint neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Verùm quae pri<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5624"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mum in ſuo genere menſura eſt reliquorum generis eiuſdem. </s> <s>menſura <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> continetur in eo cuius <lb></lb>eſt, & partis ſpecimen præbet: aliquid verò his antecedit in ordine entium; & menſura igitur, & quo<lb></lb>dammodo pars. </s> <s>Quare & mentes aliquam rationem compoſitionis accipiunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> rationes oppo<lb></lb>ſitæ aliud tollunt, quàm compoſitionem ex vera materia quæ ſit ſenſilis, cuius ſignum, quia vbi <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſit materia, quæ cadit in mentem, nihilominus ibi idem eſt eſſe ſimpliciter, & eſſe hoc: non igitur quòd <lb></lb>idem ſit eſſe ſimpliciter; & eſſe hoc euertit <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> rationem compoſitionis. </s> <s>Simile iudicium de ſecun<lb></lb>da faciendum eſt; quanquàm multa vitia ſunt in ea ratione. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> primò aſſumitur, operationem <lb></lb>magis ab eſſentia diſtare, quàm parteis eſſentiæ: mihi non ſine cauſſa ſuſpectum eſt: proptereà quòd <lb></lb>non abſolutè verum ſit materiam minus à forma diſtare, quàm functionem: diſtat <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> extrinſecus fun<lb></lb>ctio quidem magis à forma, quàm materia; <expan abbr="nequaq̃">nequaque</expan> verò intrinſecus, & ſuapte natura: nam propter <lb></lb>obiectum, à quo pendet, functio differt à forma; id verò externum eſt; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non rarò functio & forma <lb></lb>ſeparantur: intrinſecùs autem functio eſt ipſamet forma non impedita. </s> <s>Contrà materia; nam dif<lb></lb>fert magis intrinſecùs, & ex ſuo ipſius ingenio à forma, quàm operatio: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> forma & materia ſint duę <lb></lb>naturæ longè diſtantes: extrinſecùs verò minus differt, quae apta ſit vnum fieri cum forma, nec vnquam <lb></lb>ſine interitu ab ea deſeratur. </s> <s>Non igitur conſtat ſimilitudo inter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> & functionem, quatenus re<lb></lb>feruntur ad formam. </s> <s>Cum ergo pendeat compoſitio non ex iis quæ ſunt eadem; ſed ex eſſentiis & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5625"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturis differentibus, quatenus eiuſmodi ſunt: ex eiſdem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nihil aliud, niſi idem fieri poteſt: <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan>, <lb></lb>ſicut ex vno in vnum multiplicato non fit niſi vnum, ſic ex eiſdem fiet idem quòd <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, quatenus ea<lb></lb>dem, in eo quae eadem, ſunt vnum: perdet ergo operam natura quæ ex eiſdem faciet idem: & hoc eue<lb></lb>niet in formam & <expan abbr="functionẽ">functionem</expan>; non in formam & materiam, quæ ſunt partes eſſentiæ: planum eſt, quòd <lb></lb>ex coniunctione functionis & formæ non licebit arguere ad coniunctionem partium eſſentiæ. </s> <s>& deni<lb></lb>que ab externo diſcrimine, ſeu conuenientia de internis iudicium facere, & inferre <expan abbr="ſimplicitatẽ">ſimplicitatem</expan> & <expan abbr="cõ-poſitionẽ">con<lb></lb>poſitionem</expan>; ex his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſolis non illis efficitur. </s> <s>proinde, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> dabitur ex diſcrimine aut conuenientia fun<lb></lb>ctionis & formæ arguere diſcrimen, aut conuenientiam partium eſſentiæ, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> repugnabunt hæc fun<lb></lb>ctionem eandem eſſe cum forma, & parteis eſſentiæ ſegregari. </s> <s>Quare oporteret, vt magis ſuapte na<lb></lb>tura differret à forma functio, quàm materia, ſi ex iis exiſtere compoſitio deberet, & ſi ex eo, quae <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> fo<lb></lb>rent, etiam concludendum eſſet, eaſdem fore parteis eſſentiæ. </s> <s>Necnon illud cauendum eſt, ne falsò aſ<lb></lb>ſumptum fuerit eſſe & operari, officium & formam eſſe eadem; nam quòd eſſentia ſit officium ſimpli<lb></lb>citer, falſum eſt, quòd officium addit formæ quendam modum quo reſtringitur, ſed ita accipiemus eſ<lb></lb>ſe, & operari eſſe idem, quòd ſemper illæ eſſentiæ ſint in officio. </s> <s>Si verò ſit hic ſenſus eius propoſitio<lb></lb>nis; quid inde efficitur, quod valeat ad tollendum omne compoſitionis genus à mentibus? </s> <s>Ergo ſta<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5626"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tuamus etiam mentes ab aliquo compoſitionis modo non abhorrere. </s> <s>Tùm venit in controuerſiam <lb></lb>ſecundùm, ſit'ne illa compoſitio rei, vel rationis <gap></gap> quòd ibi compoſitionem rei ponendam eſſe perſua<lb></lb>deant hæc. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ibi multitudo; ea verò naſcitur ex materia. </s> <s>Sed vbi materia, ibidem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> com<lb></lb>poſitio ſit neceſſe eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quidem rei. </s> <s>Tum ſecundò: quia quicquid eſt, aut eſt poteſtas, aut actus <lb></lb>ſimplex, aut ex <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> Sed mentes non ſunt ille actus, quòd Deus ſolus eſt huiuſmodi, non etiam pote<lb></lb>ſtas, cùm hoc ſit ipſa materia. </s> <s>compoſitum igitur ex poteſtate, & actu. </s> <s>Poſtremò, quod eſt per par<lb></lb>ticipationem, conſtat ex participante, & eo quod participatur. </s> <s>Quæ ſunt infra Deum, participant ip<lb></lb>ſum: & compoſita igitur. </s> <s>Cùm igitur alia ſit natura participans, & eſſe quod participatur, & ſe ha<lb></lb>bet, vt actus: igitur rei compoſitio in eo ſubſtantiarum genere ponetur. </s> <s>Et hęc dicta valdè congruunt <lb></lb>cum placitis Platonis quæ item Auerroës approbauit. </s> <s>His opponunt. </s> <s>Omne quod reipſa compo<lb></lb>ſitum eſt, eſſe nouum, & olim interiturum, ſic & mentes, quas tamen æternas eſſe concordiſsimè do<lb></lb>cent phyſicus, & primus philoſophus. </s> <s>Deinde pars, ex qua componitur, aut ſimplex eſt, aut non <lb></lb>ſi ſimplex, ergo aliquod ens præter primum erit ſimplex: ſi minus, abibimus in infinitum ſemper de <lb></lb>parte illa componente percunctantes: quod cùm reſpuat natura, dicendum eſt in ipſis mentibus, ali<lb></lb>quando aſcendendum ad partem quandam ſimplicem; <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>non repugnat illis eſſe ſimplices quaſ<lb></lb>dam ſubſtantias. </s> <s>De parte hac ſimplici, poſsit'ne Deus eſſe, poſteà viderimus. </s> <s>Verùm <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſuperiores <pb pagenum="985"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5627"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illæ rationes perſuadent eſſe in eo ſubſtantiarum genere veram compoſitionem; neque hæ poſterio<lb></lb>res excludunt omne genus compoſitionis. </s> <s>Nanque vt ad primam reſpondeam; cùm duplex ſit di<lb></lb>ſtinctio rerum vel ſecundùm eſſentiam, vel ſecundùm numerum, vbi eſſentia ſit communis: primam <lb></lb>illam diſtinctionem formæ ipſæ, & actus ſine ſocietate materiæ præſtant; omnis enim ratio diſtinctio<lb></lb>nis eſſentialis pendet ex actu. </s> <s>altera pendet ex materia potiſsimè. </s> <s>Sed cùm in mentibus beatis ſit eſ<lb></lb>ſentiæ diſtinctio; nulla ſubiecta materia, nec proptereà compoſitionem rei. </s> <s>Et mentes ab actu com<lb></lb>prehendi fatemur, atqui actus purus & ſimplex excogitari poteſt dupliciter; vel quòd ſit vnius na<lb></lb>turæ, nec compoſitus ex pluribus, vel quòd ſit ſummus: ac Deum ſanè vtroque modo actum eſſe <lb></lb>ſimplicem <expan abbr="purumq́ue">purumque</expan> prędicamus, ſecundas mentes, actus ſanè puros; non quia ſummi, ſed quòd <lb></lb>non conſtent ex pluribus naturis cuiuſmodi illa eſſe docuimus quæ ſe habent ex humilitate naturæ; <lb></lb>quæ tametſi remiſſum quid præſegerunt; illud tamen non ita eſt ex participatione contrarij; ſed ex <lb></lb>ſummi priuatione. </s> <s>Cùm verò ea quæ participantur, varios ſubeant modos; neque omnes ad rei <lb></lb>compoſitionem referantur, facit, vt in argumento contineatur fallacia ſecundùm conſequens: ita<lb></lb>que nullum eſt eius argumenti pondus: vt enim manifeſtò apparet, aliqua ſunt quæ non actu, neque <lb></lb>ſecundùm materiam in alio continentur, ſed ratione ſolùm, velut habitus in priuatione. </s> <s>Quam<lb></lb>obrem non omnis compoſitio, quæ ducitur ex participatione, eſt continuò rei. </s> <s>Eadem quoque fa<lb></lb>cilitate tolluntur rationes oppoſitæ. </s> <s>ſiquidem mortale ſit id quod componitur ex forma & materia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5628"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſenſili, neque id etiam generale, cùm cęlum Peripatetici immortale eſſe concludant, ſed ex eiuſmo<lb></lb>di materia quæ ſit poteſtate ſubſtantia, & formam, & priuationem æquè reſpiciat de prædicamento <lb></lb>ſubſtantiæ. </s> <s>Quare nos quoque fatemur, ibi nullam eſſe talem materiam, neque illi reſpondentem <lb></lb>compoſitionem, ſed nullam inibi prorſus eſſe negamus. </s> <s>Sic etiam ex ea ſimplicitate quæ ponitur <lb></lb>in ſecundis mentibus; cùm ſit ex humilitate naturæ, duci non poſſumus ad credendum nullam peni<lb></lb>tus reſidere compoſitionem in mentibus ſecundis: euenit enim ſaltem in illis ea compoſitio quæ co<lb></lb>mitatur iis quæ ſunt ad vnum. </s> <s>Proinde concludemus in mentibus beatis aliquod eſſe veſtigium <expan abbr="cõ-poſitionis">con<lb></lb>poſitionis</expan>: neque tamen rei, quemadmodum nonnulli opinantur. </s> <s>Hoc viſo conſequens eſt nunc, <lb></lb>vt ſpeciatim doceamus, ex illo compoſitionis ordine qui'nam ſit modus. </s> <s>Equidem treis obſeruo do<lb></lb>ctiſsimorum hominum ſententias quibus ad compoſitionem rationis mentium poſteriorum compo<lb></lb>ſitio refertur: ſed vnam ex his ſolius naturæ rationem habere perſpicio; reliquas ſolius habitudinis, <lb></lb>in qua diſtinguenda mentis opera requiratur. </s> <s>Etenim in ſingulis aliqui ponunt vires, & facultates <lb></lb>duorum ordinum, poteſtatis, ſcilicet, & actus, quorum opera & id ſunt actu, quod per ſe ipſa ſunt, <lb></lb>& habent poteſtatem ad ſuperiora: quapropter & intelligunt & appetunt aliud: attamen eſſentiam <lb></lb>ipſam ſimplicem conſeruari volunt. </s> <s>Cæterùm mihi arduum videtur in re ſimplici, & vna per ſe duas <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5629"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>collocare virtutes, cùm ab vno, quatenus vnum, non niſi vnum proximè naſcatur: ergo aliquid ac<lb></lb>cedat oportet, quod diſtinguat virtutes, id ſi internum fuerit: ergo compoſitio duarum naturarum, <lb></lb>neque ſolius rationis, externum verò videtur eſſe non poſſe, cùm virtutes ipſæ ſubſtantiam conſe<lb></lb>quantur, itaque perneceſſarium compoſitionem virtutum aliquam ſubſtantiæ varietatem afferre. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sic ergo non vna eſſentia ſimplex erit mens ſecunda. </s> <s>Secundi rei ſanè compoſitionem mentibus illis <lb></lb>non attribuunt, in ipſis idem eſſe docentes actum & <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan>, ſed <expan abbr="poteſtatẽ">poteſtatem</expan> ad ſuperiora, quaſi in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> <lb></lb>actu ſit poteſtas, & habitudo ad ſuperiora. </s> <s>Neque enim hæc eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan> rei, tunc eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan>, cùm <lb></lb>eſt ad <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> vt materiæ & formę ad <expan abbr="Socratẽ">Socratem</expan>, & <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan>. </s> <s>at hîc vnus eſt actus ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, ad aliud eſt poteſtas. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> libet explorare vim aſſumptę <expan abbr="cõpoſitionis">compoſitionis</expan>. </s> <s>& <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> quęrere, quid ſibi velit in ea <expan abbr="cõpoſitione">compoſitione</expan> po<lb></lb>teſtas, an'ne ad <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, an potius ad <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſuperiorem intelligendam, & <expan abbr="expetendã">expetendam</expan>. </s> <s>atque altera <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quòd <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="deducit̃">deducitur</expan> ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> redundat: immutabiles <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt illæ ſubſtantię: ſi <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> velis: <lb></lb>atque exiſtimes ita ſe habere mentes illas, quemadmodum docebat Alexander habere ſe <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> ratio<lb></lb>nis <expan abbr="cõpotem">compotem</expan>; ipſam ſcilicet pollere vi accipiendi rerum formas ſine materia, <expan abbr="idq́ue">idque</expan> proprium eſſe talis <lb></lb>ſubſtantia, vt abaci accipere notas, & lituras. </s> <s>iam imminet periculum, ne compoſitionem ex modo, & <lb></lb>modo conſtitueris quæ eſt rei, & modi. </s> <s>Deinde non tollitur ex hoc decreto difficultas, quia nos quę<lb></lb>rimus, <expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> ſe habeat intrinſecùs hoc eſſentiæ genus, vt cùm ſit in potentia ad <expan abbr="intelligendũ">intelligendum</expan> & appeten<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5630"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dum ſuperiores eſſentias, cur humiliorem hunc gradum aſſecutum ſit: vnde naſcitur hæc humilitas? <lb></lb></s> <s>video ſanè deteriores eſſe conditiones mentis inferioris, ſed quæ'nam eſt interna cauſſa huius euenti? <lb></lb></s> <s>num poſitiua? </s> <s>num priuans? </s> <s>num affert aliquid ipſi ſubſtantię? </s> <s>num'ne oritur ex aliquo principio; <lb></lb>quod diuerſum ſit ab eius actu? </s> <s>quę ratio quapropter hoc, aut illo interſtitio diſtinguantur ab ente <lb></lb>ſupremo? </s> <s>Quòd ſi reſponderis, quia minus participant primum ens, iam te rogabo, mihi ediſſeras, <lb></lb>vnde, aut quid eſt hæc maior, aut minor participatio primi entis. </s> <s>potes autem perſpicere poteſta<lb></lb>tem non ſatisfacere, quoniam poteſtas in actum reſoluitur, vt in id quod eſt natura prius, quare ſe<lb></lb>cum congruunt è conuerſo plus poteſtatis, actus minus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> illud quæram, vnde ſit hæc humilitas <lb></lb>& gradus actus; ſi confugias ad poteſtatem, hîc me circulari oſtenſione deludes, nec profectò vana eſt <lb></lb>quæſtio noſtra; quandò plus & minus habent cauſſas externas, & internas; ſiue <expan abbr="permixtionẽ">permixtionem</expan> contrarij, <lb></lb>ſeu <expan abbr="quampiã">quampiam</expan> aliam, quam in hoc theoremate conſectamur. </s> <s>Reſtat opinio tertia, quam plurib. profeſ<lb></lb>ſus eſt Montecatinus; vir, quo nemo in ſententiis argutior, in docendo <expan abbr="ediſſerendoq.">ediſſerendoque</expan> ſubtilior. </s> <s>Nihil <lb></lb>.n. acutè in libris de An. inueniri potuit, quod ille non viderit; nihil enucleatè, quo fieri poſsit aliquid <lb></lb>limatius; nihil grande, nihil ornatum, vel verborum grauitate, vel ſententiarum, quo <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ſit elatius. <pb pagenum="988"></pb>vt non iniuria, <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> certamen cum eo commiſerim; velut hirundinis cum cygno habendum ſit, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5631"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& ſi virtus beneuolentiam ſibi colligit, cum amiciſsimo. </s> <s>Is ſanè de his rebus ſcripſit copioſiſsimè. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb><expan abbr="neutiq̈">neutiquam</expan> ineptum exiſtimate oportet, ſi dum philoſophia colitur, etiam tantiſper cum ſapientiſsimis lu<lb></lb>ctemur, quod item non tantùm facimus, vt <expan abbr="aliorũ">aliorum</expan> reprehenſione noſtra <expan abbr="cõfirmemus">confirmemus</expan>; verùm vt <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> <lb></lb>ſibi concinant. </s> <s>Nam cùm vir ille (ſemper <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum honoris cauſſa nomino) de natura diuina longè ſe<lb></lb>cus, ac nos, ſentire videatur, vt docet; illa quoque profeſſus eſt in hac ipſa diſputatione quæ cum illis <lb></lb>conſentiant: nob. </s> <s>item ſcopus idem propoſitus eſt. </s> <s>Ipſe igitur ſtatuens in ſecundis mentibus eſſe <expan abbr="com-poſitionẽ">com<lb></lb>poſitionem</expan> rationis, & id quidem rectè; ſpecialius explicans <expan abbr="formulã">formulam</expan> eius compoſitionis; eam docet eſ<lb></lb>ſe ex modo, & modo <expan abbr="diuerſarũ">diuerſarum</expan> ſubſtantiarum, nempe actus & poteſtatis; quorum alter eſt modus for<lb></lb>mæ; alter verò materiæ in <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſubſtantia ſimplici; non ſine auxilio mentis, quae interueniat actus conſi<lb></lb>derandi, & referendi <expan abbr="eandẽ">eandem</expan> rem ſecundùm rationes, & reſpectus diuerſos ſimilitudinis & diſsimilitu<lb></lb>dinis, quas habent ex primo ente: reſpondere <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> formæ & actui portiones quaſdam eſſentiæ diuinæ, <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunitas">communitas</expan> à mente prima, quæ eſt <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> finis, efficiens, & forma: materiæ verò intellectum poſsibilem <lb></lb>magis minuſúe præſtantem, qui tamen ſemper in actu ſit, nec vllo <expan abbr="vnq̈">vnquam</expan> tempore intermittat <expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan>, <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aliter àc cœlum quod cùm ſit mobile; perpetuò voluatur. </s> <s>huius verò gradus multi ſunt: proinde <lb></lb>maior, aut minor diuinæ lucis fulgor elucet in eis. </s> <s>nec ſanè aliter àc ſi cogitemus Solem vniuerſa <expan abbr="illu-ſtrantẽ">illu<lb></lb>ſtrantem</expan>, & tenebras in medio ac lumen, quod corpori tenebroſo <expan abbr="cõmunicatur">communicatur</expan>. </s> <s>etenim aliquid tribuitur <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5632"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tenebricoſo quod eſt à Sole, ſed aër eſt magis idoneus accipere lumen, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> aqua; nihilominus hæc non <lb></lb>prohibet, quominus vna ſit, & ſimplex eſſentia; quandò transformatur in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>; veluti ſuprà de men<lb></lb>te, & obiecto <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan> eſt; cùm cęteroqui formæ materiatæ tranſeant in tertium: ſiquid aliud in mentib. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="ſecũdis">ſecundis</expan> aſsignetur, fieri non poſſe, quin efficiat <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> diuerſarum <expan abbr="naturarũ">naturarum</expan> quæ nulla eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>in ſeparatis à materia. </s> <s>Hoc ipſe diſertiſsimè <expan abbr="cõplexus">complexus</expan> eſt; nos ſumma rerum capita attigimus. </s> <s>At verò <lb></lb>ex his aliqua ſunt quæ nobis, ſi noſtra tueri volumus; aliter explicanda ſint nonnulla quæ <expan abbr="difficultatẽ">difficultatem</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe ipſa mihi afferant. </s> <s>Etenim compoſitio quam ipſe ponit, operam mentis noſtræ deſiderat, quæ <lb></lb>tamen intrinſecus, & ex ipſa rei natura videtur erumpere; neque enim aliunde, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> intrinſecùs, hoc alio <lb></lb>perfectius eſſe credendum eſt. </s> <s>ſiquidem etſi ab externo perfectio præſtatur; atqui habilitas quædam <lb></lb>in eo requiritur quod perficiendum eſt, vt in aqua & aëre ad accipiendum lumen. </s> <s>Deinde non video <lb></lb>cur euitari poſsit, vel quin eſſentia diuina <expan abbr="cõmunicetur">communicetur</expan>, vt pars interna rei, & ad ipſam ex ſua vi aliqua <lb></lb>partitionis ratio pertineat. </s> <s>participatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> variis modis à rebus diuerſis, & ſicut lumen in corpore So<lb></lb>lis, in igni, in rebus putridis multas habet differentias, & <expan abbr="rectũ">rectum</expan> & reflexum, atque refractum, ſic eſſentia <lb></lb>diuina parteis multas habebit, <expan abbr="variaſq́">variaſque</expan>. </s> <s>differentias accipiet. </s> <s>Si id euenire dicas, vel ſi eam <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> ponas <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐξαίρετον</foreign>, & <expan abbr="abſtractã">abſtractam</expan>, veluti Sol, & à rebus excipi variis modis eum, vt ſic dixerim, fulgorem; quem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5633"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>admodum vbi <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> lumen accipitur <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan>, & impartibiliter in aqua & aëre, ſed plus minuſúe pro ratione <lb></lb>recipientis; iam eſt id, quod quęro, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> mihi adhuc explicatur, vt ſit .ſ. </s> <s>& vnde ſit iſta maior, aut mi<lb></lb>nor habilitas, quam res ipſa habilis intra ſe habet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſufficit ad explicandam <expan abbr="quæſtionẽ">quæſtionem</expan> afferre <expan abbr="ma-iorẽ">ma<lb></lb>iorem</expan> minoremúe diſconuenientiam, ſeu <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan>, quòd huius ratio quæritur hoc loco. </s> <s>Igitur in<lb></lb>terna <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, quod volumus non attingitur. </s> <s>Dicet quis longè aliam eſſe <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> participationis in eſſentia <lb></lb>& eſſe, ac cęteris quæ participantur vt lumen: hęc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prima non ſunt; ideò aliquid illis ſupponitur. </s> <s>Sed <lb></lb>eſſentia eſt prima ſubſtantia, & eſſe eſt primum attributum: quapropter ex ſeipſis primò diſtincta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Verùm non habeo hæc pro Peripateticis; ſiquidem materia ſit ens per ſe tota diametro diſiunctum à <lb></lb>Deo, ſic malum, & <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> priuatio, quae ſi hæc in actu primo ex Deo pendere fatearis; iam <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> ali<lb></lb>ter, ac vt finem ſtatues, quod nos inficiamur. </s> <s>Poſtremò fit compoſitio facultatis & obiecti, quæ vel <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="cõpoſitio">compoſitio</expan>, vel ſaltem non eſt modi, & modi, quod ipſe profitetur. </s> <s>Redeamus ergo ad noſtra. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>verò geminę compoſitionis ratio habeatur, & eius quæ reſpicit <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>, & alterius quæ operatione <lb></lb>conſiſtit, de <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> dicamus, ac primùm de prima. </s> <s>Ad id verò conficiendum valent illa quæ propoſui<lb></lb>mus, nimirùm naturas eſſe <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> per ſe ſubſiſtentes, & intrinſecùs ordine tamen diſpoſitas; itaque ſe <lb></lb>habere ad primum ens, ſicuti priuationes. </s> <s>Sicut ergo continetur habitus in priuatione, ita quoque eſſe <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5634"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan> participatur à reliquis. </s> <s>Atqui ſic habitus in priuatione continetur, quae <expan abbr="ſupponit̃">ſupponitur</expan> vt natura prius, <lb></lb>& eius notione terminatur notio priuationis; non quae actu contineatur habitus in ipſa: pugnant enim, <lb></lb>ſed eſt tantùm rationis ea <expan abbr="cõprehenſio">comprehenſio</expan> quę cùm diſsimilis ſit in iis quæ priuata ſunt; ponit etiam diuer<lb></lb>ſos gradus, vnde <expan abbr="entiũ">entium</expan> analogia deriuatur. </s> <s>Nec porrò ſimilis eſt in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> analogia; quandò aliter in ac<lb></lb>cidente <expan abbr="ſubſtãtia">ſubſtantia</expan> continetur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> pes animalis in pede ſcamni: ineſt ſubſtantia ſecundùm rem, ſed pes <lb></lb>animalis ineſt ſolùm <expan abbr="ſecũdùm">ſecundùm</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, quia ſupponitur & terminat <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>, ſubiecto verò longè diſtat. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt <expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan> de lumine <expan abbr="ſumã">ſumam</expan>; eſt lumen quod ineſt in Sole, idem accipitur in aëre & aquis, in ſpe<lb></lb>culo, & nube: idem profectò lumen eſt quod accipitur à ſingulis; eſt & lumen Canopi, Canis, Satur<lb></lb>ni, Iouis, & Lunæ (nos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> proprium ſingulis aſtris lumen adſcribimus) eſt'ne <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> lumen in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan>. </s> <s>mini<lb></lb>mè verò, ſed <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ratio; nec eadem ſimpliciter, ſed hoc habet <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> luminis excellentias, alia plus minus <lb></lb>eis carent; vnde analogiæ ratio deducitur. </s> <s><expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> igitur quod habet, id quod habet & quantum, ex ſeipſo <lb></lb>habet; non mutuatur ab alio, eius <expan abbr="imaginẽ">imaginem</expan> quidem habet, ſed <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> non participat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ratio conſeruatur <lb></lb><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> niſi quatenus mens in ipſis rebus <expan abbr="conuenientiã">conuenientiam</expan> perſpiciens efficit in ea <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> communem, velu<lb></lb>ti declaratum fuit in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> tractatione, quæ ſunt ad vnum: ſic <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mens ſingulorum proprias notas, ex qui<lb></lb>bus <expan abbr="quæq́">quæque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> conſtituitur; omittens, in ſimilibus <expan abbr="cõmunitatem">communitatem</expan> ponit, & quæ ſimilia ſunt, non eadem; <pb pagenum="987"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5635"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ac ſi eadem ſint, ſpectat, vt cùm <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan>, & quale ſint certa entia, & <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> ſuo proprio modo, vt nihil ha<lb></lb>beant <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>, quod ad eorum <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> pertineat, ſed <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> ſolùm; colligit hoc <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> quod eſt <lb></lb>ens, aut eſſe in alio; quaſi ſit vna <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> natura communis. </s> <s>In his <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> quæ ſic ordinata ſunt, intrinſecùs <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> limitatio proficiſcitur; quippe quæ exiſtit ex actu proprio: ſiquidem actus ipſe ſit finis, & per ſe ipſe <lb></lb>finitus, & per <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſic res eſt, vt ſit id quod eſt, & in certo gradu conſtituta. </s> <s>Nunc in iis quæ ſumma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt, actum priuatio ſectatur, quæ ad ſummum eſt, nec quidem ex indigentiæ genere, quæ actu cupiat <lb></lb>expleri, ſed quæ in illo ordine <expan abbr="humilitatẽ">humilitatem</expan> præſeferat. </s> <s>Hæc ſanè actui ipſi altè adhęret; altera potentiam <lb></lb>materiæ ſequitur, & quanuis <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> priuatio fundetur actu; at priuatio quæ præbet indigentiam; <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> <lb></lb>nititur, quod eſt natura à materia diuerſa: altera verò priuatio iam inſita eſt in actu: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus eius <lb></lb>eſſe tale, vt accipiat hanc <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan>, velut abaci, quae poſsit accipere notas, & gladij, quae ſecet; nulla contrarij <lb></lb>interceſsione præcedente, & ex hac habilitate in tali, vel tali gradu collocatur, vt ex habilitate accipien<lb></lb>di formas ſenſiles, ſenſus menti ſubiicitur quæ formas accipit à ſenſilibus abſtractas. </s> <s>ſic <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſſentia <lb></lb>ſimul eſt cauſſa, quae hoc ſit, & non aliud. </s> <s>Proinde dici conſueuit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> eſſe principia, per quæ res eſt, & à <lb></lb>cęteris ſeparatur. </s> <s>Priuatio quæ præbet <expan abbr="indigentiã">indigentiam</expan>, tametſi per ſe non eſt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non facit <expan abbr="compoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan>, <lb></lb>niſi rationis; at flagitat <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> ex actu & poteſtate, ex ſubiecto, atque contrario, cùm velit ineſ<lb></lb>ſe certam <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> in materia: vult hęc pelli: permanet illa, & ſolius actus eſt aſſecla: nihil tamen quod <lb></lb>ſubſiſtat, adiicit ad actum. </s> <s>Quapropter eo <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> eſt compoſitio rationis ſolius: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ex non ente. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5636"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quatenus non eſt, nihil planè componi <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, ſed refertur ad <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>, quod extrinſecùs eſt, vt excellentius, <lb></lb>Ergo duplex compoſitio mihi videtur in hoc <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> genere ponenda: altera quę penitus externa eſt, <expan abbr="quã-dò">quan<lb></lb>dò</expan> priuatio refertur ad <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>, vt actum vel habitum, quæ ſolius eſt rationis: atque altera innata, quæ <lb></lb>eſt ex illo, cui inhęret, & eo modo interna, quia ſit in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſuppoſito. </s> <s>In his quæ ſunt à materia ſepa<lb></lb>rata, duplex, vt arbitror, extat <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> compoſitio, qua mens eſt, & <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> coniungi <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſuperiore, ſi <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> quę eſt <lb></lb>ex facultate & obiecto, <expan abbr="compoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan> libeat appellare, non <expan abbr="transformationẽ">transformationem</expan>; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ eſt ipſius <lb></lb>eſſentiæ ſolius, cùm in illa notatur actus proprius in ſuo gradu cum priuatione .ſ. </s> <s>perfectioris, quæ, mea <lb></lb><expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> <expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, eſt compoſitio rei & modi; ſicut in materia & priuatione, ſeu rectius appellare mauis <expan abbr="in-formitatẽ">in<lb></lb>formitatem</expan>, quæ intrinſecùs inhęret in materia, & in ea perpetuò eſt in fixa, néc cum forma vllo vnquam <lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan> commutatur: neutra tamen compoſitio <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> obeſt ſimplicitati ſubſtantiæ; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> addit ſo<lb></lb>lum <expan abbr="connotatũ">connotatum</expan> quod numero ſeparatur. </s> <s>Sed ex ſecunda compoſitione propriè elicitur ratio menſuræ. <lb></lb></s> <s>Habes igitur quæ ſpecies ſit compoſitionis quę reperitur in ſecundis mentibus, quae <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vniuſmodi, nec <lb></lb>eiuſmodi tamen, vt afferat rei <expan abbr="compoſitionẽ">compoſitionem</expan>, & plurium naturarum, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> neceſſariò participatur <lb></lb>ſecundùm rem, quod in priuatione continetur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> genus illud priuationis ab alio principio ducit <expan abbr="ori-ginẽ">ori<lb></lb>ginem</expan> formaliter, ſed ipſemet actus cuiuſque proprius præſtat hoc, quae res ſit id quod eſt, nec ad ſummum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5637"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>peruenerit. </s> <s>Noſti etiam, vt ex ratione huius priuationis ratio menſuræ colligatur. </s> <s>Reſtat vt de ſecun<lb></lb>da compoſitione dicamus. </s> <s>Placet primùm, quia varietas operationis in eſſentia naſcitur ex commertio <lb></lb>materiæ, quod certè nullum in his eſt, reuera <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> realem ex eſſentia & operatione. <lb></lb></s> <s>proinde hoc modo <expan abbr="ſimplicẽ">ſimplicem</expan> dicimus <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> mentis eſſe: verùm quae operatio reſpicit <expan abbr="externũ">externum</expan>, <lb></lb>ſicut <expan abbr="obiectũ">obiectum</expan>, ex hoc licèt idem ſecundùm <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſint ſubſtantia & operatio, nihilominus habitudine <lb></lb>diſtinguuntur; cùm ſubſtantia notet id quod in ſe eſt; operatio verò habitudinem ad externum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non credo etiam repugnare illam <expan abbr="cõpoſitionem">compoſitionem</expan> quam alio <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> rationis appellamus, quia ſecundùm <lb></lb>noſtrum concipiendi modum actus primus in his à ſecundo ſeparetur, cùm cęteroqui ſint ſubſtantiæ <lb></lb>ſimplices. </s> <s>His illud etiam addere libet, ſi <expan abbr="Ariſtotelẽ">Ariſtotelem</expan> ſequimur profitentem multitudinem eorum quę <lb></lb>ſub vna ſpecie numero ſegregantur, <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> à materiæ participatione proficiſci, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> hîc nulla materia <lb></lb>ſubeſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſub vna ſpecie in <expan abbr="diuiduorũ">diuiduorum</expan> multitudo conſiſtit. </s> <s>Vnum ergo in quo idem ſit eſſe, & hoc eſ<lb></lb>ſe, licèt ſummo quodammodo in Deo. </s> <s>Nec illa, aut his ſimilia quæ ex philoſophiæ fontibus hauriri <lb></lb>poſſe videntur, & quorum extat aliquod veſtigium apud Scotum (eorum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> communis eſt ſolutio) <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ponderis habent. </s> <s>Nempe, Quiditati, quo ad quiditas eſt, non repugnare dici de multis, quæ ve<lb></lb>rò non repugnant eſſe poſſe, quod <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> eſſe, ſi ponatur, abſurdum non inferre, nec eiuſmodi vt fieri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5638"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nequeat. </s> <s>Mox contradicentia non conſiſtere. </s> <s>Sed dici de ſubiecto, & non, eſſe contradicentia: quare <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam ſimul eſſe. </s> <s>Igitur eſſe ſimpliciter, & eſſe hoc in vno & <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ſuppoſito, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> indiuiduo lo<lb></lb>cum non habent. </s> <s>Etenim poteſtas eſt duplex, naturalis & logica. </s> <s>prout <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> poteſtas eſt, ita refertur ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> qui proportione reſpondeat, & naturalis <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> ad actum naturalem, logica verò ſicuti mente fun<lb></lb>datur, ſic ad mentis <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> deducitur. </s> <s>Dico ergo potentiam ad multa in quiditate eſſe logicam, non natu<lb></lb>ralem: naturalis tantum modò eſt in quiditate quæ exiſtit in materia: ſimpliciter <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> omnis quiditas <lb></lb>habet <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> logicam ad plura: quando in vno <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>indiuiduo tota ſpeciei eſſentia ſe tueri poſ<lb></lb>ſit: communicatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſentia indiuiduè, non partibiliter; ideò tota in <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> & tota in ſingulis, partiri <lb></lb>& multiplicari materiæ conuenit. </s> <s>Scire autem licet vniuerſale, & indiuiduum ambiguè ſumi à Philo<lb></lb>ſophis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> indiuiduum quod eſt vnum numero, quae in vna materia continua, eſt item id quod habet <lb></lb><expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> indiuiduam, & incommunicabilem, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>modo <expan abbr="ſumptũ">ſumptum</expan> eſt tranſcedens, & ad vnum. </s> <s>Vniuer<lb></lb>ſale <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> poſitiuè quod actu, vel poteſtate <expan abbr="cõſiſtit">conſiſtit</expan> in multis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud nos formis materiatis attribuimus, <lb></lb>eſt vniuerſale priuatiuè quod abſtrahit à mùltis cui non conuenit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hoc aliquid, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſignum diſtri<lb></lb>butiuum omne: ex hoc ordine eſſentia, & definitio ſunt, quas dicit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> non eſſe nec ſingulares, nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5639"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vniuerſales, accipiens in eum ſenſum, quia non ſubiiciantur alicui characteri, ſeu notæ quæ vnum aut <pb pagenum="988"></pb>multa ſignificet. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> aſſero vniuerſale poſitiuè & ſingulare eſſe contradicentia, proptereà lib. Categ. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5640"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſumi, vt diuerſa membra eorum quæ ſunt. </s> <s>at eſſe vnum vt incommunicabile, & vniuerſale priuatiuè <lb></lb>non eſſe contradicentia, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>poſſe conſiſtere, ſic verò ſunt illa quæ ſunt à materia ſeparata, in quibus <lb></lb>idem eſt eſſe & eſſentia, & ideò idem eſſe ſimpliciter, & eſſe hoc. </s> <s>Vna igitur mens in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſpecie, & <lb></lb>eſſentia & numero vna.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5623"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5624"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5625"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5626"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5627"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5628"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5629"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5630"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5631"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5632"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5633"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5634"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5635"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5636"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5637"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5638"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5639"></margin.target>a 1. Poſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5640"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reuertimur ad explicationem ordinis vniuerſi, ac de idea nonnulla ponuntur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLV<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HIS peroratis redeamus ad penſum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ediſſeramus nunc, vt Ariſt. </s> <s>ſententia cuncta aſſequantur, <lb></lb>à Deo quòd ſint, neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſatis conſtat, quemadmodum æterna quæ cęteroqui per ſe ſubſiſtere <lb></lb>poſſe videantur, ab alio pendeant, aut ſi pendent ab ipſo, ne fortè quicquam <expan abbr="æternũ">æternum</expan> præter illud quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> primum eſt, ab eo philoſopho ponendum ſit. </s> <s>Prætereà dubium eſt de altero illo capite quod eſt <lb></lb>de mortalibus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ex ipſo pendeant, an'ne vt ex fine ; an'ne etiam vt efficiente, quae efficientis <lb></lb>ratio conſtet ex idea. </s> <s>tale eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id quod efficit intelligendo, vt ſi ipſa ſit; Deum continuo <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> <expan abbr="efficiẽ-tem">efficien<lb></lb>tem</expan> ponere cogamur aduerſus ea quę ſuprà conſtituimus: ſi minus, nullo modo eſſe queat efficiens. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>quanuis Ariſt. </s> <s>ex <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> theatro ſuæ philoſophiæ formas illas ſeparatas & ideas exploſerit & exhibilarit, <lb></lb>quia non carent eius dicta difficultatibus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deſunt, qui opinentur ideas <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> conſentire cum placitis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5641"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ipſius, nec alij qui opinentur ideas non eſſe neceſſarias ad ſtatuendum efficiens, non <expan abbr="cõmittemus">committemus</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, <lb></lb>vt in his opera noſtra flagitetur. </s> <s>Nam quòd neceſſariæ non ſint: video ſic dici à nonnullis. </s> <s>Ideas in<lb></lb>tueri facultatis cognoſcentis eſſe munus, ſed dum producit hæc Deus, vti vi <expan abbr="quadã">quadam</expan> naturali non eiuſ<lb></lb>modi, quæ cognoſcendo efficiat. </s> <s>At verò, ſi à cęteris efficientib. <expan abbr="exẽplum">exemplum</expan> peti <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>: ea quæ per ſe ſunt, <lb></lb>ſiue actu, ſeu entelechia ſint, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> rei producendæ continent: ita igitur & Deus. </s> <s>Tum etiam ſi præ<lb></lb>ſtantiſsimæ eſſentiæ functio præſtantiſsima debetur, & agentia perfectiſsima apud nos, agendo vel effi<lb></lb>ciendo ſibi proponunt <expan abbr="ideã">ideam</expan>, & Deus igitur. </s> <s>Rurſus enarrandus eſt modus quo efficit hæc ipſe Deus, ac <lb></lb>ſi quia mouet vt expetendum & intelligentiam cadens, etiam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt efficiens, ſed finis: ſiquis alius eſt <lb></lb>modus producendi mortalia, peccauerit iam philoſophus, qui hunc non expreſſerit. </s> <s>Quòd ſi etiam, vt<lb></lb>puto, vel proximè, vel remotè à Deo cuncta proficiſcantur, tanquam expetendo, & intelligendo, fru<lb></lb>ſtra profectò efficientiam hanc <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan> nobis obtrudes. </s> <s>Prætereà ſit mens & operetur per eſſentiam <lb></lb>ſuam; certè vt mens operabitur: at in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> eſſentia triplex ad <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan> ratio reperiri <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, finis, efficien<lb></lb>tis, & formæ: rationem formę à <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> finis in materia vacantibus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> diſtingui ſuprà docuimus. </s> <s>Sit igi<lb></lb>tur efficientis ratio diuerſa: at quo'nam pacto efficiens quod eſt mens, operatur, niſi intelligens, & ex<lb></lb>petens? </s> <s>ergo non naturali inſtinctu, ſed intelligendo efficiet. </s> <s>Nobis quidem, tametſi Deum facimus <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5642"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>auctorem motus, <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>per eſſentiam, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dat <expan abbr="incõmodum">incommodum</expan> præſens obiectio: nam quod mouet vt finis, <lb></lb>ſat habet, ſi appetitus, & mens in alio ſit, nec quae intelligat, <expan abbr="quicquã">quicquam</expan> ad motum; at non ſi agat, ideſt, ope<lb></lb>retur, vt efficiens, tanquam mens, quae ex alio cognito ſic agat neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Ideò melius illi multo, qui vim <lb></lb>efficientis in Deo cogitantes ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> intelligendo efficere prædicarunt. </s> <s>Sed tum exoritur ſcrupu<lb></lb>lus, ſit'ne idea vna, quæ per <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> pertineat, an ſingularum formarum ſingula quaſi <expan abbr="exẽplaria">exemplaria</expan>: ſi vnam <lb></lb>fatearis, quæ'nam ratio, cur ab eo principio tot & tam variæ ſpecies deducantur? </s> <s>Neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id materia <lb></lb>conficiet; aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt agere de differentia <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> & ſingularium; hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiæ priuilegio multipli<lb></lb>cantur; illę ſeipſis diſtinguuntur, & in ſuis auctoribus prius diſiunctæ ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> attingant materiam; ma<lb></lb>teria miniſtrat, & inſtituitur ad illas; vnde item ab efficiente prius afficiatur oportet, vt capax formæ <lb></lb>reddatur: ſi dixeris <expan abbr="ſingulariũ">ſingularium</expan> ſingulas eſſe; iam hîc ego te adoriar obiiciens ea quæ ſunt in Deo, <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe; <expan abbr="eumq́">eumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſimplicem, & <expan abbr="eũdem">eundem</expan> maximè, & quæ igitur in ipſo ſunt, eſſe maximè ſimplicia, <lb></lb>& <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> omnibus modis. </s> <s>& Auerroëm citabo <expan abbr="teſtẽ">teſtem</expan> <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cuius hæc ſint verba: “pluralitas intelligentiis ineſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5643"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex hoc, quae <expan abbr="vnaquæq.">vnaquæque</expan> intelligit de ſe ipſa pluralitatem: ideò oportere quòd prima <expan abbr="intelligẽtia">intelligentia</expan> ſit vnum <lb></lb>indiuiduum: quoniam intelliget <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> rem ſimplicem, & ea ſubiungere. </s> <s>Intelligentia prima non <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> <lb></lb>intelligere <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in eius <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan>, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> extra eius <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>. </s> <s>ipſa <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> ſimplex de ſe.” <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5644"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Quare huc <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> ratio deducetur. </s> <s>Si Deus eſt efficiens, cognoſcendo efficiet: tum deinde, ſi cognoſcen<lb></lb>do efficit; eſt idea. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſi idea non erit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> igitur Deus erit efficiens, & cùm <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan> ad<lb></lb>huc incertum ſit, ſequitur <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan>, vt conſequens ſit obſcurum. </s> <s>Hæc igitur quæſtio nos ad ſeſe reuocat, & <lb></lb>impellit ad inquirendum ſint'ne ideæ apud Ariſtotelem, & vtrum'ne prorſus repudiandæ ſint à viro <lb></lb>Peripatetico; an aliquo pacto aſſerendæ: eas <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſe perſuadent aliquot rationes, & loca <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan> apud <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ab ipſo etiam <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> approbatas fuiſſe <expan abbr="teſtãtur">teſtantur</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> Simplicius inficiabatur illud <expan abbr="aſſumptũ">aſſumptum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non eſſe ideas. </s> <s>Breuibus <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> complectar, <expan abbr="primumq́">primumque</expan>. </s> <s>explicabo, quid <expan abbr="ideã">ideam</expan> voluerint eſſe Platonici, cur <lb></lb>poſita; tum tertio an'ne placuerit Ariſtoteli. </s> <s>Ideam formam ipſi dicebant à ſingularibus & materia <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecretã">ſecretam</expan>, exemplar vnius ſubſtantiæ per ſe <expan abbr="ſubſiſtentẽ">ſubſiſtentem</expan>, ſiue in Deo <expan abbr="collocatã">collocatam</expan>, certi nil habeo, quod <expan abbr="dicã">dicam</expan>; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt per ſe <expan abbr="ſubſiſtentẽ">ſubſiſtentem</expan> accipi arbitror ab Ariſtotele: atqui Platoni <expan abbr="patrocinant̃">patrocinantur</expan>, in Deo <expan abbr="conſtituũt">conſtituunt</expan>, <lb></lb>& in eo ſic poſitam fuiſſe probant, vnius <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, & eiuſdem rationis cum forma, ſed extat etiam contro<lb></lb>uerſia, ſit'ne formarum ſimpliciter, an indiuidui cuiuſque. </s> <s>Eius triplicem vſum Plato afferebat, <expan abbr="ſcien-tiã">ſcien<lb></lb>tiam</expan>, mores, & <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> rerum naturalem. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> ſcientia cùm ſit æternorum; ſingularia verò & quę in ipſis <lb></lb>ſubſiſtunt, caduca, <expan abbr="mutabiliaq́">mutabiliaque</expan>. </s> <s>ſint, ſub <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> cadere nequeunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> ſeparatum quippiam ſit neceſ<lb></lb>ſe eſt, cuius <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> comparemus. </s> <s>Morum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> gratia ponere oportet ideam, quae omnis actio moralis <pb pagenum="989"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5645"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cum electione fiat, & præcedente notione <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan> formæ quæ ſegregata ſit ab <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> materia, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>nul<lb></lb>lis finibus <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> extrinſecùs aduenire, nec ab efficientibus ſpecialibus exhiberi: id verò po<lb></lb>tiſsimè in ortis ex putredine eſſe perſpicuum quæ proprium efficiens habent nullum. </s> <s>Vrget prætereà <lb></lb>nos Simplicius his rationibus quibus oſtendat ſic Ariſt. </s> <s>placuiſſe. </s> <s>Primùm ex eorum partitione, quæ <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam propagare poſſunt. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Deus eſt, aut cęlum, aut indiuiduum, vt Socrates: nec ſanè <expan abbr="indi-uiduũ">indi<lb></lb>uiduum</expan>, quòd cauſſa perfectior eſt eo cuius eſt cauſſa, ſed <expan abbr="indiuiduũ">indiuiduum</expan> altero eiuſdem ordinis indiuiduo <lb></lb>perfectius non eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cœlum, cùm ſit agens vniuerſale, & quod <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> aliquam ſociam flagitet: Deus <lb></lb>igitur. </s> <s>Tum ſi formæ quæ ſunt in Deo cauſſæ non eſſent earum <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> quæ hîc producantur, abitio <lb></lb>fieret in infinitum: nam cùm <expan abbr="oẽ">omnem</expan> id quod producitur à ſimili, fiat; ab alio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> producetur, & ſic in <lb></lb>infinitum, aut ad <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> formam <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> perueniendum foret quæ per ſe ſubſiſteret, & eſſet æterno: hanc <lb></lb>verò nos <expan abbr="ideã">ideam</expan> eſſe volumus. </s> <s>Necnon quidquid gignitur, à cauſſa fiat oportet in qua rei faciendæ ratio <lb></lb>præcedat; aliter recta ratione, <expan abbr="viaq́">viaque</expan>. </s> <s>nihil fieri poſſet: <expan abbr="gignunt̃">gignuntur</expan> verò formæ, quæ materiatæ <expan abbr="corporeæq́">corporeæque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſunt: ergo à tali cauſſa <expan abbr="gignant̃">gignantur</expan> oportet: cęterùm hęc cauſſa nil aliud prorſus eſt, niſi à forma & idea. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quinetiam didicimus 8. Phyſ. ante multa quæ perpetuò mouentur, eſſe <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> quandam motus, immo<lb></lb>bilem, & nihilominus tot eſſe principia mouentia, quot ſunt ea <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> motus eſt, cùm igitur etiam ſuc<lb></lb>ceſsio <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan> continua ſit in materia, & ſingulæ formæ, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> indiuidua propria ſortiantur efficientia, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5646"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>neceſſariò conſequetur, vt in quaque ſpecie ſit cauſſa quædam princeps, quæ contineat omnem hanc <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan>, & multitudinem; <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>ſeparata ſit, hanc nos ideam eſſe perhibemus. </s> <s>Inſuper in omni <lb></lb>generatione duplex eſt forma, altera quæ participatur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera quæ participat illi ſimilis; at hæc illa <lb></lb>eſt quæ producitur in materia: ergo illa à qua producitur, eſt extra materiam. </s> <s>Quod ſiquis reſpòn<lb></lb>deat has formas ineſſe in Deo, tanquam in cauſſa perfectiore & non vniuoca; contra hoc ipſum diſpu<lb></lb>tat Simplicius, quia nemo negabit Deum eſſe <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, actum, & formam <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan>: ſed hæc in natura con<lb></lb>ueniunt: ergo eſt forma, vt in cauſſa ſimili, non autem diſsimili. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, quòd ad aliquod ge<lb></lb>nus quęſtionis affertur idea, vt cùm quæritur, ecquid ſit cauſſæ, cur Socratis imago ſima ſit, vt, ſcilicet, <lb></lb>aſsimiletur Socrati vero & expreſſo. </s> <s><expan abbr="Deniq.">Denique</expan> illa monſtrant ideam eſſe in primo opifice ex Ariſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="ſnĩa">ſententia</expan>, <lb></lb>quia doceat <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in agendo arti eſſe conſimilem, ſed ars per eiuſmodi rationes efficit, quæ in opifice <lb></lb>ſeruantur, & natura igitur efficiet eodem modo. </s> <s>Illud tormentum maximum. </s> <s>Quòd Ariſt. </s> <s>ordinem <lb></lb>in exercitu naſci docuerit ab eo qui longè prius in mente ducis extitiſſet. </s> <s>At hoc nil aliud certè ſignifi<lb></lb>cat, ac eſſe ideam. </s> <s>eam verò non ſpeciei modò, ſed <expan abbr="vniuſcuiuſq.">vniuſcuiuſque</expan> ſingularium eſſe inter philoſophos <expan abbr="cẽ-ſuit">cen<lb></lb>ſuit</expan> Philoponus, qui Deo certam <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> notitiam <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> ſingularis attribuerit. </s> <s>Elocutus ipſe potius <lb></lb>eſt veritatem, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> conſuluerit Ariſtoteli. </s> <s>Cùm verò perſpicerent <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> inuehi Philoſophum in idearum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5647"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>aſſertores, in hunc ſenſum illa ſcripta fuiſſe commemorant, quae Ariſt. </s> <s>non ſanè voluerit ideas euertere, <lb></lb>ſed vulgarem de illis <expan abbr="opinionẽ">opinionem</expan> repellere, ſæpe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> à Platonis interpretibus animaduerſum eſt varias, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>aduerſas ab eo ſententias fuiſſe defenſas; attamen ipſum alteram præpoſuiſſe, & in veterib. codicibus <lb></lb>charactere quodam fuiſſe notatam; meminit item præceptor noſter de placitis quibuſdam quæ circun<lb></lb>ferrentur, nec tamen illorum monumenta in litteris extarent. </s> <s>Hoc igitur in ideas eueniſſe potuit. </s> <s>Qua<lb></lb>re amplius deliberandum cenſeo. </s> <s>res magna eſt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5641"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5642"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5643"></margin.target>a 4. Tr. <lb></lb></s> <s>Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5644"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5645"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5646"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5647"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis placita ab ideis abhorrere monſtratur, & diluuntur obiecta. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVI<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>HAEC eorum ſumma, quæ pro ideis ſolent dici, ad quæ nos ſigillatim reſpondere conabimur. </s> <s>In <lb></lb>primis <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> velim ego ſcire ab illis ecquæ'nam ſit vulgaris illa opinio, quam Philoſophus repelle<lb></lb>re voluerit. </s> <s>Nam cùm multa capita contineat <expan abbr="placitũ">placitum</expan> de ideis, & ex iis <expan abbr="cõplura">complura</expan> <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> recepta fue<lb></lb>rint, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> conſtanter ab <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> earum patronis aſſerta, pauca ſub dubio relicta, fit veriſimile opinionem <lb></lb><expan abbr="vulgarẽ">vulgarem</expan> ab illa recondita diſcrepare in iis de <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> extat dubitatio, quæ duo ſunt; nimirùm ſit'ne idea <lb></lb>forma <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> ſeparata, an per ſe ſubſiſtens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> etiam, ſint'ne ſingulę ſpeciei cuiuſque, an potius ſingu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5648"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lorum <expan abbr="indiuiduorũ">indiuiduorum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vt coniicere licet, ea ſelecta ſententia, quòd ſint formæ illę in mente diuina. <lb></lb></s> <s>At quid ineptius aut fingere Ariſt. </s> <s>ignarum fuiſſe illius opinionis, quam magiſter approbaſſet, aut co<lb></lb>gnitam, ſi falſa fuiſſet, non redarguiſſe, & omiſiſſe impudenter, vt de illa poſſet adhuc in animis noſtris <lb></lb>reſtare ſuſpicio, aut ſi vera, principio quod tanti <expan abbr="põderis">ponderis</expan> eſſet, vniuerſam <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> defraudaſſe, cui <lb></lb><expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> in hoc ipſo placito ſcopus fuerit propoſitus omnibus amicis anteponere veritatem? </s> <s>Sed eſt'ne id <lb></lb>reprehendere, verba tantummodo deſignare vias, vnde monſtretur nihil opus eſſe idea: cùm aliæ ſint <lb></lb>rationes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ea ſeruentur, ad quæ ſeruanda ipſi introducunt ideas? </s> <s>ac ſi & hæc ſine vllo idearum au<lb></lb>xilio diuerſis machinis extrui poſſunt, non'ne eſt funditùs eas tollere? </s> <s>nam ſi ſatis ea <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> quæ ſine ideis <lb></lb>conſtituit Ariſt. </s> <s>ad illa ipſa præſtanda ad quæ iis vtitur Plato, nec methodus redundantia ſumit; certè <lb></lb>nec vllus eſt idearum ſenſus, qui ex Ariſt. </s> <s>doctrina ſit approbandus; pręſertim quae nullus eſt ſenſus, quo <lb></lb>percipiatur idea, nec ratio quæ non facilè dilui poſsit. </s> <s>Et quod obiicit Ariſt. </s> <s>ideam non quæri ab arti<lb></lb>fice, vel homine ſtudioſo, generatim eleuat <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> ideam: ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> idea illa ſeparata per ſe non quęritur; <lb></lb>ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illi etiam, quæ in <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan> diuina collocatur, aut alio quodammodò conſtituitur. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem, <lb></lb>quae quando ſignificat Ariſtoteles, quemadmodum Deus ſit cauſſa generationis, admonet ex eo cauſſa eſ<lb></lb>ſe, quòd reliqua illi ſimilia fungendo, & perpetuando ſtudeant eſſe, hoc verò eſt producere vt finem. <pb pagenum="990"></pb>Quin <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> falſum arbitror eam fuiſſe <expan abbr="firmã">firmam</expan> illius philoſophi <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan>, quòd non per ſe ſubſiſteret idea, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5649"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſed in mente diuina; ſiquidem voces quibus Plato notabat ideas, rem abſolutam ſignificant, nec alicui <lb></lb>rei <expan abbr="affixã">affixam</expan>, vt <foreign lang="grc">αὐτο άνθρωπος, & ἀυτο αγαθὸν</foreign>, ipſe homo, & ipſum bonum. </s> <s>Addo etiam quae <expan abbr="quomodo-cunq.">quomodo<lb></lb>cunque</expan> accipiatur, & generaliter, & ſpeciatim credo fuiſſe confutatam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> argumenta quæ inten<lb></lb>dit Ariſt. </s> <s>in ideas cum 7. tum item 13. primæ philoſophiæ, contra id valent, quae ſit idea ſeparata à ſub<lb></lb>ſtantia ſenſili, ſed eſſe in ſenſilibus <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <expan abbr="communẽ">communem</expan>, quæ ab eorum accidentibus ſeparata in mente fo<lb></lb>ret eſſentia: nunc ſiue ſit per ſe ipſam, ſiue in Deo, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> ſecreta eſt à ſenſilib. <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> præter eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam quæ ita ſeparata eſt, vt diximus, eſſe nullo modo <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>. </s> <s>Et ſpectatim <expan abbr="ideã">ideam</expan> menti diuinæ <expan abbr="denegatã">denegatam</expan> <lb></lb>puto, quia ſi ſit idea; Deo ſint <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="cognoſcẽda">cognoſcenda</expan>, quo tametſi nil verius aſſeuerari <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>; at nil illius ſenten<lb></lb>tiæ repugnantius, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſe perpetuò <expan abbr="ſublimẽ">ſublimen</expan> eius excellentiam <expan abbr="dignitatemq́">dignitatemque</expan>. </s> <s>defenderet, & illius ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ maieſtatem, <expan abbr="functionumq́">functionumque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="pręſtantiã">pręſtantiam</expan> modis <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> extolleret, primùm reliqua poſt ipſum, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>abiecta, & humillima iacere prędicanit, tum deinde illius <expan abbr="notitiã">notitiam</expan> non in alio, ac in ſeipſo verſari voluit, <lb></lb>ſeipſum ſolùm <expan abbr="contẽplari">contemplari</expan>, <expan abbr="ſuaq́">ſuaque</expan>. </s> <s>præſtantia eſſe <expan abbr="contentũ">contentum</expan>, nil aliud, ac ſeipſum veluti Narciſſum in fon<lb></lb>te ſemper intueri, <expan abbr="ſuamq́">ſuamque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="pulchritudinẽ">pulchritudinem</expan> admirantem eius aſpectu perpetuò frui, & nos anteà ſeorſum <lb></lb>docuimus quantum cognitio Dei diſtet à reb. humilioribus. </s> <s>Nec etiam veriſimile eſt, ideam poni ab <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>quæ ſit alterius rationis, <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> nec vllius eſſet vſus: Omne <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod fit, ab vniuoco fieri voluit. <lb></lb></s> <s>Inſuper <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> hęc idea, ſi <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> efficientem perficit & <expan abbr="cõplet">complet</expan>, cum efficiente mouebitur, aut ſi immobilis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5650"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt, eam vel cum forma conuenire dicemus, quam in efficiente collocamus, vel neceſſe erit <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> mouere, <lb></lb>ſi ſeparata fuerit, vt finem, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ſuo loco oſtenſum eſt. </s> <s>Quare aut idea nulla cęteris ſufficien<lb></lb>tibus, aut non eſt eius officium, quale ipſi defendunt. </s> <s>Contra ſingulas verò cauſſas quæ à Platone in<lb></lb>ductæ ſunt ad tuendas ideas, diſſeruit Ariſtoteles, & <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> ideæ vim eſſe demonſtrauit, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vllum offi<lb></lb>cium, nec in demonſtratione, aut definitione, neque in actione morali, neque generatim in ortu rerum <lb></lb>quae in demonſtratione ſat eſſet, ſi habeamus <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> commune in pluribus cum ex ipſo <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> demonſtra<lb></lb>tionis exiſteret, quo præmonſtrante inhærentia perſequeremur, quę ſcire nos aueremus, & definitione <lb></lb>quæ ex genere <expan abbr="differentiaq́">differentiaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtaret, <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſubſtantiæ venaremur, <expan abbr="ſatiſq́">ſatiſque</expan>. </s> <s>eſſe hæc principia ad <expan abbr="ſcien-tiã">ſcien<lb></lb>tiam</expan> faciendam quæ animaduerſis inhęrentib. in ipſis ſenſilibus quorum eſt perpetua ſucceſsio, <expan abbr="cõmu-nem">commu<lb></lb>nem</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> in ea ſucceſsione <expan abbr="perpetuatã">perpetuatam</expan> in vnum quaſi caput cogant, & ope mentis abiectis omnibus <lb></lb>indiuidui, <expan abbr="ſenſiliſq́">ſenſiliſque</expan>. </s> <s>materiæ conditionibus abſtrahunt <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, quæ <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> vllo genere mutationis ſem<lb></lb>per eſt vniuſmodi. </s> <s>Et quod ad <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> <expan abbr="moreſq́">moreſque</expan>. </s> <s>attinet; ea eſt forma quam animo concipimus, non ſua<lb></lb>pte natura ſeparata, ſed talis effecta vi noſtræ mentis, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nos in aliquod <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> intendimus <expan abbr="conſidera-tionẽ">conſidera<lb></lb>tionem</expan> noſtram quod ſit per ſe, & à materia <expan abbr="ſeparatũ">ſeparatum</expan>, ſed eiuſmodi quod exhiberi poſsit materiæ ſubie<lb></lb>ctæ, vt quod vtile ſit patriæ, mihi honeſtum, nec inhiat ciuis illi bono quod eſt extra materiam, neque <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5651"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>artifex <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> formam conſectatur, ſed <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ apta ſit ad ſuum <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, & quam ponat in ſubiecto, <lb></lb>quæ finis quidem fuit in mente; re verò poſteà extitit vt forma in materia. </s> <s>Nam quae ideam nos imita<lb></lb>ri ſtudeamus, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illi dictitant, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nobis tribuunt Peripatetici, ſed illud ſolùm profitentur nos imi<lb></lb>tari Deum, negant verò Deum producere ſe conuertendo ad ideas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illiuſmodi quidem quæ ſint in <lb></lb>mente diuina; ſiquidem ipſo auctore quod per <expan abbr="ideã">ideam</expan> operatur quam habet in <expan abbr="mẽte">mente</expan>, alterius gratia ope<lb></lb>ratur; hoc verò eſt efficiens, nec <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> præſtantiſsimum, talem verò eſſe <expan abbr="mentẽ">mentem</expan> inductam ab Anaxago<lb></lb>ra teſtabatur, nec ad id poſſe reſponderi monſtrabat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> aliter ac <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> ipſe docuerat, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> do<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5652"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cuerat <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> Deum mouere vt finem. </s> <s>Ex quo apparet Ariſt. </s> <s>auctore nonmodò tolli ideam ſeparatam, <lb></lb>ſed de mente diuina; quapropter euerſam fuiſſe ſimpliciter, aut ſi <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> agendo exprimere volumus, vt <lb></lb>facit faber; ea iam non eſt idea de qua nunc agimus, ſed forma. </s> <s>Veruntamen his omiſsis quæ perſo<lb></lb>næ fortè ſunt altioris, ad rerum ortum redeamus. </s> <s>Duæ ſunt cauſſæ præcipuè generationis eius quæ eſt <lb></lb>ex natura, quas indicat ſenſus, & ratio ſuadet. </s> <s>vna quidem <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, altera ſpecialis; illa eſt cœlum, <lb></lb>quod appetitu naturali, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> animali qui eſt per <expan abbr="cõceptionem">conceptionem</expan> ſummi boni, ſiue is ſit internus, ſiue per <lb></lb>alicuius mentis ſocietatem adſcitus; ſeipſum mouet; mox illuſtrans, & agitans corpora contigua per <lb></lb><expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan> & frigus ex præſentia lucis, & abſentia nata, & ad <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> propagata generat, & corrumpit. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5653"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>vis in Sole primùm eſt, qui ſatis propinquus eſt, & ſatis velociter agitur; quamobrem & radij quos <lb></lb>proiicit, & motus quem <expan abbr="cõmunicet">communicet</expan>, efficaciſsimi ſunt, & in terra vis eſt ſumma propter ſoliditatem <expan abbr="tuẽ-di">tuen<lb></lb>di</expan> formas acceptas: vnde & Sol pater, ac terra mater à poëtis perhiberi ſolent, & ex illorum coniun<lb></lb>ctione factum <foreign lang="grc">ἱερὸν γαμὸν</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſacras nuptias quæ vere celebrantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> diuinitus ille.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5648"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5649"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5650"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5651"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5652"></margin.target>a <gap></gap>2. Met. <lb></lb>T. 55.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5653"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vere tument terrę & genitalia ſemina poſcunt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tum pater omnipotens fœcundis imbribus æther</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Coniugis in gremium lętę deſcendit, & omneis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Magnus alit magno commiſtus corpore fœtus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Speciales verò cauſſæ generationis ſunt materia & forma; nam forma, cùm per ſe bona ſit, expetitur <lb></lb>ſuapte natura, cùm ab efficiente, tum <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> à materia: nam, quae eſt ſuopte impulſu <expan abbr="cõmunicabilis">communicabilis</expan>; facit, vt <lb></lb>quod <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> habet, alteri <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> præbere conetur: hinc efficientis ratio deducitur, & cùm ſit perfectio po<lb></lb>teſtatis, ea verò eſt materia; <expan abbr="deſideriũ">deſiderium</expan> illi incutit per affectiones ab efficiente impreſſas, vt certis modis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="determinatiſq́">determinatiſque</expan>. </s> <s>periodis, & circuitibus agatur, ad eam conſequendam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> vt hîc ego quoque dum <lb></lb>contra Platonem diſputo, Platonicos imiter, monebo te hunc eſſe amorem illum quem Venus inſpi<lb></lb>rat omnia loca pariter concelebrans. </s> <s><pb pagenum="991"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5654"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5654"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Φοιτᾷ δ' ἀν' αἰθὲρα, εστὶ δ' ἐν θαλάσσησ<lb></lb> Κλύδωνι Κύπρις. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">πάντα δ' ἐκ τάυτης ἔφυ</foreign>. </s> <s>Et rurſus.<lb></lb> <foreign lang="grc">Ἡ δὶ εστὶν ἡ σπείρουα, καὶ διδούσ' ἔρον.<lb></lb> Γῆς πάντες ἐσμὲν οἱ κατὰ χθόν̓ ἔκγονοι</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5655"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5655"></margin.target>Eurip. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hyppol.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>quæ ſapientiſsimus Euripides è philoſophorum fontibus hauſerat. </s> <s>& hunc imitatus Lucretius ad Ve<lb></lb>nerem conuerſus ita expreſſerat.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Omnibus incutiens blandum per pectora amorem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Efficis, vt cupidè generatim ſęcla propagent<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Hæc vis eſt in <expan abbr="pleriſq.">pleriſque</expan> formis, & ignis ignim, <expan abbr="plantaq́">plantaque</expan>. </s> <s>plantam propagat per eam formam, quam habet, <lb></lb>generatim verò forma, finis, & efficiens eadem reipſa ſunt, ratione ſola, vel numero diſcrepantia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ab his principiis ſine idearum ſubſidio <expan abbr="cunctarũ">cunctarum</expan> rerum generatio præſtatur. </s> <s>Alia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> multa contra <lb></lb><expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan> ſcripta fuiſſe perſpicimus, quæ dialecticè, & <foreign lang="grc">ἐλεγχικῶς</foreign> .i. </s> <s>per redargutionem tractata, ſi per<lb></lb>ſequi velimus; nimium fortè prolixi videbimur, & inſtituti noſtri munera facilè tranſiliemus, ad quæ <lb></lb>ſigillatim in ſua prima philoſophia reſpondit Syrianus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> veniamus ad rationes, quibus Platonis <lb></lb>opinio confirmabatur. </s> <s>Earum prima diluitur ex eo principio, quod primo libro conſtituimus, & ex<lb></lb>plicauimus. </s> <s>Etenim efficiens patienti pręſtare ſat eſt, <expan abbr="dũ">dum</expan> fit res, & adhuc eſt in potentia: ſic Ariſtoteles <arrow.to.target n="marg5656"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pater eſt perfectior Nicomacho filio, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> genitus ſit, & dum eſt cauſſa in actu, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> tum Nicomachus <lb></lb>non eſt, ſed eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan> homo, quod iam fuit Ariſtoteles, & operari vt homo: proptereà negatur ea pars <lb></lb>aſſumpti. </s> <s>Secunda <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratio fallax eſt, dum accipit aliquid in efficientium ordine quod non ſatis ar<lb></lb>ridet Ariſtoteli: ſiquidem ſi <expan abbr="ſpecialiũ">ſpecialium</expan> cauſſarum ſeries aduertatur, ad actum ſimpliciter eſt <expan abbr="veniẽdum">veniendum</expan>, <lb></lb>quae hæc forma quæ in hac materia producitur, ab alia forma ſit quæ in <expan abbr="efficiẽte">efficiente</expan> pręcedit, & <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> quod <lb></lb>fit, ex alio fit, quod iam eſt actu; ex quo in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> generatione ſupponitur eius ratio: proptereà reſoluitur <lb></lb>generatio, quantum pertinet ad agens ſpeciale, in actum ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> is habet vim cogendi in vnum <lb></lb><expan abbr="multitudinẽ">multitudinem</expan> indiuiduorum priuilegio materiæ diſsipatam: fiunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſingula ab eo quod eſt actu, quate<lb></lb>nus actu eſt. </s> <s>Si verò tibi reſpicere placeat cauſſas vniuerſales quæ ſunt Deus & cœlum, <expan abbr="vtræq.">vtræque</expan> planè <lb></lb>ad ſingulorum productionem concurrunt, & Deus ſine controuerſia <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> finis, at cùm de efficiente <lb></lb>in præſentia diſſeratur; dicimus in hoc ordine <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan> ad cęlum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> perueniri, quicquid vlterius ac<lb></lb>cipitur, egredi finibus efficientis, & in alterum cauſſæ genus transformari. </s> <s>Nec illud abſurdum cenſuit <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>indiuiduorum <expan abbr="ſucceſsionẽ">ſucceſsionem</expan> abire in infinitum, ſed adiecit eam <expan abbr="infinitatẽ">infinitatem</expan> ab actu coërceri: id pro<lb></lb>ptereà non opus eſſe idea quæ coërcendi officio fungeretur. </s> <s>Falsò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> illud acceptum eſt rationem <lb></lb>quæ in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> generatione præcedit, eſſe ideam: forma <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> rei producendæ anteit in efficiente, quia for<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5657"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma, <expan abbr="anteq̃">antequam</expan> producatur, eiuſdem eſt rationis cum ea quam habet efficiens, & materiæ priuilegio ſit alia <lb></lb>ſolum, non quae alterum aliquod principium flagitet, quod rationem rei faciendæ contineat alio modo, <lb></lb>ac efficiens. </s> <s>Quare <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idea, nec vllo principio cognoſcente opus eſt in hac productione <expan abbr="formarũ">formarum</expan>: <lb></lb>ſed ſola natura per ſe ipſam à Deo O. M. ſtimulata, expetendo, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> à cęlo tota per lumen, & motum, <lb></lb>& eſſe cupit eo modo quo licet in ſpecie & indiuiduo, & accipiendo, & exhibendo bonum, quod eſt <lb></lb>forma; munus ſuum optimè facit; <expan abbr="ſuoq́">ſuoque</expan>. </s> <s>fine potitur. </s> <s>Quod verò accipitur ex progreſſu 8. Phyſ. tan<lb></lb>tum abeſt, vt cogat nos ad aſſerendas ideas, vt illas oppugnet maximè: quandoquidem eò contendit, <lb></lb>vt ſicut in cęlo, cùm ſint plura mobilia, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mouentia; ad vnum mouens primum eſt veniendum; ſic <lb></lb>vna tantùm idea ponenda ſit; ne dum ſingulæ <expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> <expan abbr="indiuiduorũ">indiuiduorum</expan>: ac ſi fortè illò reſpicias, quae in his <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſit <expan abbr="veniẽdum">veniendum</expan> ad <expan abbr="unũ">unum</expan>, id verò ſit Deus ad quem aſcendat per ideam natura, dum producit, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nul<lb></lb>la neceſsitas erit ideæ; quippe quae <expan abbr="illucuſq.">illucuſque</expan> natura feratur informata ſpecie, & ratione finis per ſuas ip<lb></lb>ſius vires, nec vllo intercedente officio cuiuſpiam facultatis cognoſcentis: ac ſiquis ad <expan abbr="ideã">ideam</expan> confugiat <lb></lb>hac ratione 8. innixus, vt diſsipata & diſperſa coniungat; <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> audire potuit actum in ordine cauſſarum <lb></lb>ſpecialium, & in efficientium ſerie cęlum, eo munere defungi: Additur <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="duplicẽ">duplicem</expan>, <expan abbr="participatã">participatam</expan> <lb></lb>.ſ. </s> <s>& participantem; hanc illi ſimilem. </s> <s>Hæc ſanè verè dicuntur: ſed ſuſpectum eſt id quod adſcribi<lb></lb>tur, cùm ea quæ participat, ſit in materia: <expan abbr="participatã">participatam</expan> eſſe extra materiam: nam ſimpliciter <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> ab om<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5658"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ni materia ſecretam eſſe non neceſſe eſt. </s> <s>Veruntamen & aliquam formæ ſeparationem adeſſe volu<lb></lb>mus, ſi res producenda ſit. </s> <s>Cùm <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vis efficiens habeat formam; per quam eſt; & ei ſimilem in altera <lb></lb>materia producere cupiat, in ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> triplex ratio ſit oportet; altera per <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera per quam <lb></lb>ſubit rationem & vim cauſſæ efficientis. </s> <s>adde & tertiam, quia ſicut in artifice rei faciendæ forma eſt <lb></lb>finis, ſic <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in agente naturali forma per quam eſt, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> finis eſt, & ita mouet immobilis. </s> <s><expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan> ſanè for<lb></lb>ma eſt reipſa, per quam eſt Sophroniſcus & Socratis pater: ſed quòd ipſe ſit Sophroniſcus & pater, ne<lb></lb>que eadem eſt ratio, nec eadem quoque ratio formæ; nam ſi conſideretur in ea materia in qua eſt, per <lb></lb>ipſam Sophroniſcus eſt ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ea ſolùm habet vim formæ, cùm ſit actus eius materiæ, & <lb></lb>præſtet hoc, vt ſit indiuiduum: verùm quia communicabilis eſt, & alteram <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> informare poteſt, <lb></lb>ob id vim affert efficientis: <expan abbr="cùmq.">cùmque</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſit <expan abbr="eadẽ">eadem</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> vult, inducere, quæ <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> in<lb></lb>ducta fuit, eſt forma ſola materia ſenſili diſtincta, ſic <expan abbr="itẽ">item</expan> eſt finis. </s> <s>Atenim hoc modo forma, non qua<lb></lb>tenus informat <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan> ſimpliciter, ſed vt <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ſubiicit rationi efficientis, eſt <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> ſeparabilis, <lb></lb>quae adhuc in materia non eſt: vbi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt in materia quæ tum eſt Sophroniſcus, eſt forma: nihil ad effi<lb></lb>cientiam, vbi continet efficiendi facultatem, iam reſpicit <expan abbr="alterã">alteram</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> ſubiecto, & loco diſiunctam, <lb></lb>in qua non dum eſt, ac ſi adforet, non amplius efficientis vim retineret, ſed euaderet forma rei quæ <lb></lb>producebatur. </s> <s>Venit etiam mihi in mentem ſine materia conſtitui poſſe <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> quæ informat efficiens, <pb pagenum="992"></pb>quatenus huiuſmodi, quae ab efficiente nihil materiæ præbetur, ſed forma ſola quæ actu ineſt in ipſo, ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5659"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>que ſecus àc dixerit Ariſtoteles nutritionem ab auctione differre, quia nutritio foret ſine quantitate, <lb></lb>quoniam non afferret nouam quantitatem, licet etiam ſimpliciter ſine quantitate non eſſet. </s> <s>His igi<lb></lb>tur modis forma participata ſimilis eſt participanti, & ſeparari poteſt à materia. </s> <s>Nec illud audio, <lb></lb>quod attulit Simplicius, Deum eſſe <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei formam, niſi quae virtus <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> formæ contineatur in <lb></lb>eo, ſicut in linea centipedali continentur lineæ nonagintanouem, pedalis, bipedalis, <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad nonagin<lb></lb>tanouem pedalem, quæ numero ſunt ſegregatæ, verùm quae in centipedali ęqualis omnib. illis ſeorſum <lb></lb>deſignari poteſt; in illa ineſſe dicuntur. </s> <s>ſic Deus intra ſe habere dicitur alias formas. </s> <s>Eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quomodo-cunq.">quomodo<lb></lb>cunque</expan> agens primum, & ſimpliciſsimum, quę verò ſunt partes compoſiti, non ſunt primò, & per ſe <lb></lb>agentia. </s> <s>ſed per quę compoſitum agit, & forma in materia participat, non participatur. </s> <s>Efficiens au<lb></lb>tem, finem & formam ſolùm conuenire fatemur in rebus materia conſtantib. ac conuenire quidem <lb></lb>in ratione, ſubiecto autem ſeparari. </s> <s>Ad id verò, quae in ſolutione quorundam problematum oportet <lb></lb>ad ideam confugere, moneo primum ideam cuius eſt exemplum ad formam referri, id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt cuius <lb></lb>exemplum quęrimus, quod res ipſa eſt: & in arte eadem eſt in mente artificis, & in materia: ſimiliter <lb></lb>in efficiente & ſubiecto. </s> <s>Scito etiam finem multis parari modis, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> per tranſmutationem, & per <lb></lb>intrinſecam inhęrentiam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic eſt finis generationis, aut per opinionem ſiue tranſeuntem, ſeu im<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5660"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>manentem, qui dici ſolet finis operatus, aut poſsidendo ſicuti balneum & ager, aut ad extremum per <lb></lb>imitationem, ſic vos Deo ſimiles eſſe ſtudemus exiſtendo, agendo, & intelligendo: tale eſt etiam exem<lb></lb>plum ad exemplar: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ad finem genus hoc cauſſę referetur. </s> <s>Pretereà nolo te celare exemplum in <lb></lb>artificioſis eſſe imaginem: & in materia animata quidem habitum, & veluti formam, ad formam verò <lb></lb>ſolidam eſſe habitudinem: in natura eſſe formam conſimilem, nec quidem vt imaginem, quando eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> ratio communis: ſed quae eſſentię ſpecies eadem eſt ſolo numero ſeiugata: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eſt eadem for<lb></lb>ma ſecundùm rationem & eſſentiam; ſimilis, non eadem propter aſſumptionem materiæ; vnde ha<lb></lb>bet, quae numero differat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ſimilitudo artis, & naturæ poſita eſt in eo, quae natura cognoſcendo efficiat, <lb></lb>immò hoc artis, ac naturæ intereſt, quae id quod ars efficit cognoſcendo, natura præſtat ſine cognitio<lb></lb>ne: <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> in eo verò ſimilis eſt <expan abbr="vtriuſq.">vtriuſque</expan> progreſſus, quae ſicut ars ordinatè diſponit officia, & opera, ſic etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5661"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>natura. </s> <s>Quare quemadmodum ars ſtructura domum prius iacit fundamenta, mox erigit parietes, <lb></lb>poſt imponit rectum, natura <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſic domum ædificatura progrederetur: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> prius producit flo<lb></lb>res <expan abbr="q̈">quam</expan> fructus; & aues inſtinctu naturæ prius ædificant nidos: deinde pariunt oua, & fouent. </s> <s>Cùm <lb></lb>verò inordinatum in ordinem reduci oporteat, non id ex vi mentis proficiſci voluit Ariſtoteles, vt Pla<lb></lb>to, ſed mente poſt habita, naturam ſolam ordini illi præfecit. </s> <s>Ad 8. verò reſpondebat. </s> <s>Proclus hiſce <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5662"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>verbis. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles igitur ordinem qui in opifice eſt: non nouit; ſed in operib. quod cùm poſteà plu<lb></lb>rib. declarandum ſit, nunc omittere conſtituimus. </s> <s>At verò nil apud illum auctorem certius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ex Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis ſententia Deum mouere ſolùm vt finem; ac ſi efficiens ſit; dandas eſſe ideas, quas tamen ipſe <lb></lb>negauerit: vnde etiam hæc apud eum leguntur. </s> <s>“Oportet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="eouſq.">eouſque</expan> calefieri pharmacum, verùm, ni<lb></lb>ſi ars adſit, &medica mens quæ menſuram functioni ignis imponat, & plus conficit ignis, & vniuer<lb></lb>ſum corrumpit quod conducturum fuerat ad generationem: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> rei producendæ formam con<lb></lb>tinebat. </s> <s>Omne igitur efficiens rationem rei faciendæ habeat oportet, ſi ordinatè effecturum ſit. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>igitur Plato perſpiciens; cùm efficientem cauſſam aſſumpſiſſet, etiam poſuit exemplar vniuerſi: ſi<lb></lb>cut & Ariſtoteles, cùm exemplar ſuſtuliſſet; ſimul etiam ſuſtulit efficiens.” Hæc ex Ariſtotelis offici<lb></lb>na emanarunt quæ cùm ſapientiſsimus auctor, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> Ariſtotelica profeſſus <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> fuerit, facilius etiam <lb></lb>nos euitabimus reprehenſionem; ſi hæc eadem ex Ariſtotelis ſententia defendere conemur. </s> <s>Sed ad<lb></lb>huc importunè inſiſtit Grammaticus; & aliis rationib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> auctoritatib. Ariſt. </s> <s>perperam interpræta<lb></lb>tis, <expan abbr="falsòq́">falsòque</expan>. </s> <s>citatis ideas ab Ariſt. </s> <s>poſitas, & conſtitutas eſſe confirmat. </s> <s>Etenim duplex, inquit ipſe, eſt <lb></lb>ſanitas prima in mente medici, ſecunda in ægrotante. </s> <s>A ſimili igitur erit forma in efficiente ſupre<lb></lb>mo, & in reb. quæ ab ipſo producuntur: illa ergo quæ eſt in efficiente primo, ſtatuenda eſt idea. </s> <s>Nec <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5663"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non ea fuit mens Ariſtotelis <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> mentem in actu eſſe resipſas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> itidem mentem eſſe locum formarum. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5664"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Cùm igitur diuina mens ſit ſemper in actu, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>locus omnium formarum: erit igitur ipſæ res; & <lb></lb>omnium formas intra ſe continebit. </s> <s>Atqui res ipſę in mente, & rerum formę quid diſtant ab ideis? <lb></lb></s> <s>Poſtremò illud ait Ariſtotelis fuiſſe decretum Deum videre ſeipſum, dum ſeipſum videt; etiam in aſpe<lb></lb>ctu ſui videre omnia quæ ſunt exterius; & viciſsim, dum videt ea quæ ſunt extra, ſeipſum in illis intue<lb></lb>ri. </s> <s>Si ergo Deus alia videt, & aliorum habet intelligentiam, iam ſunt in ipſo rerum formæ in eſſe co<lb></lb>gnito. </s> <s>At verò ponere formas in eſſe cognito in mente diuina: nil eſt aliud profectò, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> dare ideas. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fieri certè poteſt vt Ariſtoteles in iis duob. </s> <s>libris quos de idea conſcripſit, his, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> harum ſimilib. ra<lb></lb>tionib. ideas eſſe oſtenderit. </s> <s>Attamen <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> hęc, mea ſententia, poſſunt efficere id quod conatur Gram<lb></lb>maticus ſuarum partium nimium cupidus: ſiquidem & falsò aſſumpta fuerint, nec vllam neceſsita<lb></lb>tem præſeferant. </s> <s>Ex his autem ſingula perſpicua fient. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> & ſumptum eſt Deum cognoſcere ea <lb></lb>quæ pendent ex ipſo, & operari, ſicut operatur efficiens, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt efficiens ſolum, ſed vt efficiens quod <lb></lb>operando cognoſcat, quę ſanè omnia ſuperius confutata ſunt. </s> <s>Quapropter etſi in agentibus verè & <lb></lb>cum eius rei notitia, quæ facienda eſt: ineſt exemplar, & forma rei faciendæ; non eſt idcirco quae per<lb></lb>ſuadeamur eorum formas quæ ſunt extra Deum, ineſſe in mente diuina, & ideas eſſe proptereà fatea<lb></lb>mur. </s> <s>Nec ex eo concluditur ideas eſſe, quae mens ſit res ipſæ, aut formarum locus: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſto, quae quæli<lb></lb>bet mens ſit resipſa quæ cadit in mentem; at non idcirco omnia cadunt in omnem mentem; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſi ca <pb pagenum="993"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5665"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dant, ſunt idcirco agenda, aut ab illo in cuius mentem cadunt; & Deus eſt id in cuius mentem ali<lb></lb>quid cadit; at ipſe ſoùlm in ſui ipſius cadit mentem: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> in ipſo mens, & quod menti ſubiicitur, <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt. </s> <s>Quòd ſi idea eſt aliorum forma, certè in Deo non eſt idea. </s> <s>Et mens eſt formarum locus, ſed <lb></lb>earum ad quas eſt in potentia tantùm: atqui nullam habet mens diuina poteſtatem ad res inferiores. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et illud impudenter omnino aſſeueratum profiteri. </s> <s>Ariſtotelem Deum videndo ſe videre res quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ex ipſo, vel contrà videndo res extra ſeipſum, ex iis in ſui ipſius notititiam peruenire: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> actus <lb></lb>omnium primus, nihil obtinens poteſtatis ad aliud quicquam: ergo ex aliis ſeipſum non poteſt vllo <lb></lb>pacto perſpicere. </s> <s>nec ex ſeipſo cætera, quandò vileſceret. </s> <s>ſed illud ſolùm ab Ariſt. </s> <s>conſtanter aſſeue<lb></lb>ratum Deum ſeipſum, & extra ſeipſum nihil intelligere. </s> <s>Verùm quae & Ariſtotelis rationes diluere <lb></lb>profitentur coæui noſtri; & in hoc negotio multa accipiunt aliena à philoſophia Peripatetica, non <lb></lb>grauabimur etiam pro viribus eorum lapſus indicare, ne illis imponant qui Lycæi vias affectant, aut <lb></lb>per nos etiam pręmonſtrator defuiſſe videatur. </s> <s>Primum ſit hoc, quae ſtatuunt vniuerſale ante multa; <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id reipſa à materia ſeparatum eſſe contendunt. </s> <s>Alibi verò videtur in primis cum ipſa idea tolli <lb></lb>item è medio vniuerſale ante multa: nam ſicut in demonſtratione non requiritur idea; ſic <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vniuer<lb></lb>ſale hoc ante multa. </s> <s>ac ſi tale fuerit (nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vetat eſſentiæ principia ſeparata eſſe à materia) erit ſanè <lb></lb>ſecundùm rationem, non ſecundùm rem; ſiquidem eſſentia ſit in mente: ac ſi reapſe fuerit ſegrega<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5666"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tum, erit actus, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>modo dicimus eſſe Deum qui eum ſit cauſſa <foreign lang="grc">ἐξαίρετος</foreign>, omnia pariter intuetur, <lb></lb>nec illorum pars eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>ſic & ideis eueniet. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> cum alio actu non componetur, nec hominis eſ<lb></lb>ſentia fuerit animal ratione vtens, & bipes, quod item Platoni obiecit ipſe Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Nam quanuis ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5667"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hæc dicant ideas omneis, in prima mente (eam verò nonnulli propter illa quæ in Phædone dicuntur, li<lb></lb>cet non ſatis aptè pro pietate; à Deo diuerſam eſſe iudicant) re certè idem eſſe, formaliter verò diuer<lb></lb>ſas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diſtinctas, vtputo, parum prodeſt: nam ſic aut in illis non eſt ratio prioris & poſterioris, <expan abbr="ideò-q́ue">ideò<lb></lb>que</expan> nec in aliis formis quæ ſunt exempla ipſarum: habent <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> formæ inter ſe, quemadmodum ideæ; <lb></lb>aut ſeipſis diſtinctæ ſunt; aut cauſſa materiæ. </s> <s>Atqui in formis eſt ordo: ergo & in ideis, ſi hoc, aut il<lb></lb>lud etiam, quae ſeipſis diſtinguuntur, iam erit in Deo multitudo, ſi mutuent à materia diſtinctionem, <lb></lb>tantum abeſt, vt ipſæ primæ ſint, vt pendeant ex alio: <expan abbr="præterq̃">præterquam</expan> quae hoc eorum naturæ aduerſabitur, quia <lb></lb>ſtatuuntur extra materiam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Cùmq́">Cùmque</expan>. </s> <s>hic ordo rerum & naturarum cęlitùs deriuetur per vniuerſam <lb></lb>latitudinem entis, vt alibi oſtendimus: profectò non erit à Deo bonum hoc communicatum his qui<lb></lb>dem clarius, aliis autem obſcurius, ſed ab idea. </s> <s>Quod ſi ſatis eſſe dixeris in inferiorib. eſſe diſtinctas, <lb></lb>opponam hîc ego quomodo ſit <foreign lang="grc">ἀυτοζὠον, & ἀυτοΐππος</foreign>; iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ipſum nomen huic pendentiæ repu<lb></lb>gnat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ob eandem rationem illud approbare poſſum, quae accidentiam ideæ queant eſſe, aut etiam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5668"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materiæ, quod ad alias rationes Ariſtotelis ſoluendas aſſumunt. </s> <s>Nam præter auctoritatem Philoſo<lb></lb>phi qui teſtatur ideas ſolius ſubſtantiæ, & illius quidem quæ foret in actu poni, etiam ſequetur, vt ac<lb></lb>cidens ipſum per ſe abſolutum exiſtat: etenim formæ ideas imitantur, aut, ſi vt in alio concipiantur <lb></lb>ideæ, velut in idea ſubſtantiæ: efficietur, vt non ipſum album (hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt albi idea) ſed aliquid aliud exi<lb></lb>ſtens ſit, vtputa, homo albus: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non idea. </s> <s>Poſtremò concedunt numerum eſſe duitate priorem, <lb></lb>quod abſurdum eſt: ſi duo non ſunt <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> numerus omnino, & ſi numerus, & duo igitur. </s> <s>Attamen <lb></lb>deberet ſi eius eſt idea, prior eſſe natura; ſed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prior eſt ratione duntaxat, quandò ſe habet numerus <lb></lb>ad parteis, vt commune ad vnum propter ordinem qui inter illas intercedit, id verò licèt ſit ratione <lb></lb>prius, eſt nihilo minus natura poſterius. </s> <s>Hæc ipſi dicunt ad aliquas rationes Ariſtotelis, quæ cum eius <lb></lb>placitis, atque iis quæ nos antea poſuimus; aduerſentur, etiam faciunt, vt in ſententia vetere ma<lb></lb>neamus,</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5656"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5657"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5658"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5659"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5660"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5661"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>ſpir.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5662"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5663"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5664"></margin.target>b 3. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5665"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5666"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5667"></margin.target>a 7. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5668"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diligentius explicatur quis ordo rerum ſit in vniuerſo. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ERGO reuertamur ad Ariſtotelem & ordinis tanti primordia ſubtilius explanemus. </s> <s>At verò or<lb></lb>dinis eſſentia nob. </s> <s>oſtendit ex vno plura pendere per interualla quædam, quapropter ſuppeditat <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5669"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>obſeruationem duarum habitudinum; altera ex his eſt rerum poſteriorum ad illud primum, altera <lb></lb>verò ad ſe viciſsim earum rerum, quæ ſunt ex primo: veluti eum ex vnius repetitione numerus exi<lb></lb>ſtat, & cum vno conferri poteſt, & cum altero numero: <expan abbr="noſq.">noſque</expan> ſuprà docuimus numerum ex vno per <lb></lb>ſe eſſe conflatum, ex altero autem numero per accidens. </s> <s>Idcirco nos <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> caput ſedulò tractabi<lb></lb>mus, ac primùm declarabimus habitudinem quam res habent ad D. O. M. ita tamen, vt <expan abbr="perſonã">perſonam</expan> Peri<lb></lb>patetici ſemper ſuſtinere meminerimus. </s> <s>Hîc <expan abbr="iterũ">iterum</expan> <expan abbr="redeundũ">redeundum</expan> eſt in <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> memoriam, quę nob. </s> <s>olim <expan abbr="cõ-ſtituta">con<lb></lb>ſtituta</expan> fuerunt, eſſe nimirum in treis modos diduci, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt eſſe quod eſt actu, cùm res non latet in <lb></lb>poteſtate materiæ, nec in efficientis ſinu continetur, vel eſſe conuenit cum principiis per quæ res eſt, ac <lb></lb>tertiò eſſe eſt eſſe in actu ſecundo, & in officio; & fungi munerib. illis ad quæ <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> res inſtituta fue<lb></lb>rit. </s> <s>Poſtremus hic modus omnes alios perfectione antecellit: verè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> tum eſt <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> cum facit <lb></lb>officium ſuum: quocirca ſapientiſsimè dictum, nos vitę dimidio non diſtare à mortuis: reliqui ſine <lb></lb>hoc fruſtra eſſent: eſſentia ſecundos tulit honores, quod eſt rerum, quatenus à materia ſeiugatæ ſunt <lb></lb>quę caput eſt omnis mali in vniuerſo, eſt item principium: ſemper verò principium præſtat ei cuius <lb></lb>eſt, & agens materiæ. </s> <s>veruntamen ita ſecum congruunt hi modi, vt quemadmodum anteit officium; <lb></lb>ſic & res ſe habent in eo, quòd ſint, & in eſſentia, quocirca ex functionib. iudicium ſumitur de perfe<lb></lb>ctione rerum, & rerum illę ſeorſum perfectiores quæ magis actum participant, minus obtinent priua <pb pagenum="994"></pb>tionis in eſſentia, vel vbi ſocietas materiæ ſpectetur, minus habent poteſtatis. </s> <s>Quantum igitur perti<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5670"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>net ad functiones; iam liquet omnes cum materiatas, tum liberas à materia, prima excepta quæ ex ſe<lb></lb>ipſa eſt, & omnino libera, ſeu proximè, ſeu remotè propter hanc primam eſſe: operatur <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> vt <lb></lb>bene habeat, & Deo qui contemplando ſemper operatur, vel perpetuitate, vel contemplatione ſimi<lb></lb>le fiat; aſſequens autem participat bonum, ſic operando fit particeps eius boni quod eſt in Deo; quòd <lb></lb>magis ad illius accedit naturam, proinde ſine portionis alicuius diuinæ participatione ſit capax ſum<lb></lb>mi boni, ab eius appetitu vel naturali, vel animali tantum modò excitatum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> impulſum, magis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>minuſúe pro modo imitationis excellit. </s> <s>Quapropter optimo fruitur ſtatu, dum ſic agit, & affectum eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> ſecundùm naturam, quae ſi optimus ſtatus, & affectio naturalis affert voluptatum; non dubito, quin <lb></lb>actio naturalis iucundiſsima ſit. </s> <s>Hinc arbitror eſſe factum, quòd imitatio tantopere delectet, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5671"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>naturalis actionis præſentatio, quæ in homine ingenita eſt propter animi præſtantiam, & corporis ob<lb></lb>ſequium. </s> <s>Cùm igitur & ipſa ſit actionis naturalis imitatio, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>actio in hominis inſita natura, <lb></lb>cum <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> verò actione ſit coniuncta voluptas; efficitur, vt <expan abbr="vſquequaq.">vſquequaque</expan> placeat imitari. </s> <s>De eſſen<lb></lb>tiis, iam declaratum eſt, eas ſecundùm rationem ſolùm continere primam, & eſſe <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> pri<lb></lb>uationes ad habitum, hoc eſt, quòd illis ea prior eſſentia ſupponatur, <expan abbr="earumq́ue">earumque</expan> terminet notionem; <lb></lb>quæ quidem ratio cùm recidat in genus cauſſæ formalis; etiam facit, vt omnium forma quodammodo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5672"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Deus habeatur. </s> <s>Reſtat illud tertium, de hoc prætereà diſtinguendum videtur; quippe quòd aut ſin<lb></lb>gulare ſpectari poſsit quod plurimum eſt caducum; aut vniuerſa natura & ſpecies: arbitror equidem <lb></lb>vniuerſam naturam, & ſpeciem, quòd æterna ſit, quatenus huiuſmodi, ſic efficiente vacare; & ex Deo <lb></lb>duntaxat, vt ex fine pendere: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> vt nuper decretum eſt, reliqui modi eius quod eſt, res inanis ſunt <lb></lb>prorſus <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> functione; ea verò reſoluitur in finem. </s> <s>Fortè cenſeat quiſpiam, Deum eſſe auctorem <lb></lb>apud Ariſtotelem indiuiduorum quæ per ſe caduca ſunt, & ita illa propagare, quia ſit efficiens remo<lb></lb>tum, ac primum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> finis ſolùm, velut in iis quæ per ſe æterna poſuimus. </s> <s>Sed hanc non eſſe ſenten<lb></lb>tiam noſtri præceptoris pręter ea quæ ſuprà tradidimus, cùm oſtenderemus, eum cauſſæ modum non <lb></lb>conuenire diuinæ eſſentiæ, tum etiam quæ aduerſus ideam diſſeruimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illa quæ ſcripſimus olim, <lb></lb>dum nihil noui ab ipſa proximè proficiſci docuimus, quæ valent etiam contra id, quòd velut efficiens <lb></lb>remotum non habeat ius in ſingularia, quia <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> mutatio in ipſam redundaret, quę ſiquid, <lb></lb>vt immobilis præſtituta ſit, aliter certè, quàm vt finis, mouere, nequeat, omni mutatione illo fundata <lb></lb>in quo ineſt apperitus illius pręſtantiſsimi boni, & quod agendo pro ratione ſuæ propenſionis, ac natu<lb></lb>ræ conſequitur, præter hæc, inquam, omnia locus eſt ex quo dogma ipſius apparet Ariſtotelis, docens <lb></lb>enim, cur indiuiduis innata ſit vis aliud ſibi ſimile propagandi, duo nob. </s> <s>ſignificat quæ hoc poſſunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5673"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quod efficere ſtudemus, in primis ea ſic facere gratia conſeruationis, vt ſimilia reddantur, quantum va<lb></lb>lent ei quod eſt perpetuum, & verè eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> diuinum: <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> etenim eius appetitu omnia ducuntur, & il<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5674"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lius gratia cuncta operantur, <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> operantur, & ſic operantia melius ſe habent: hoc diuinum cę<lb></lb>lum non eſt, quòd ipſum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> gratia alterius agit; <emph type="sup"></emph>c<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> quare non in omnib. innatus eſſet primi eius imi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5675"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tandi appetitus. </s> <s>Tum etiam quia ſupereſſet aliud multò præſtantius expetendum. </s> <s>Sed eſt ſine con<lb></lb>trouerſia Deus. </s> <s>Si igitur ita operantur. </s> <s>quòd eius appetitu ducuntur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> alibi ſub alio genere cauſ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5676"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſæ Deus acceptus eſt auctor indiuiduorum, planum quòd in eorum propagatione verſatur vt finis: <lb></lb>deinde cùm oſtendat etiam quòd natura propter ſpeciem ſingularia producit, & propter formam, <lb></lb>quaſi ſingularia ſint ex conſequente; non primò intenta, perſuadet etiam fore, vt multò magis à tanta <lb></lb>maieſtate abhorreat illò ſe conuertere, & eorum ortu implicari. </s> <s>Abſit igitur efficientiæ ratio à Deo <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſitq́">ſitque</expan>. </s> <s>ipſe eſſentiarum omnium, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> naturarum, cum ſingularium, tum communium finis: & cùm ad <lb></lb>eas eſſentias quæ ſunt ex ipſo, ſit velut habitus, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>illarum compleat rationem; ſit etiam forma. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quanquam mihi ſuppetunt aliæ rationes <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> formę rationem in Deo poni poſſe credam; tum quòd <lb></lb>eſt actus, ipſe verò à philoſophis, quaſi cum forma commeet, accipitur, vt conſtat ex ea partitione ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ quæ tradita eſt 2. de An. tum etiam quae intra ſe habens omnes omnium perfectiones illo modo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5677"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>præſtantiſsimo qui alienus eſt ab omni partitione, & in ſe omnia continens, omnib. etiam ſine inuidia <lb></lb>quod ſuum <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> eſt, & benigniſsime relinquit, vt optimus rex qui cùm imperet habentib. aurum, <lb></lb>potentiſsimus eſt, ipſe quidem auro ſubiectorum vtitur, dum hoc illi auctoritatem affert, nec tamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> de aceruis illorum deminuit. </s> <s>Cùm igitur omneis omnium perfectioneis complectatur <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad <lb></lb>nihil, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> repudiet, aut priuationes, & quicquid aliquo modo eſſe dici poteſt, valens id quod <lb></lb>reliqua valent, & eò plus, vt de auro diceremus ad reliqua metalla, ſic habet rationem totius, atqui to<lb></lb>tum ad parteis ſe habet vt forma: <emph type="sup"></emph>d<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> cęterùm, quia totum eſt virtute duntaxat, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> actu, vt ędificium: <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5678"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ex eo fit, vt ędificium exiſtat in ſuis partib. actu, &, vt fertur, materialiter: Deus ſic eſt totum, vt ab om<lb></lb>ni parte ſeparatum ſit. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> forma accipiatur, quia ſic eius eſſentia declaretur, quia <lb></lb>ſic aliorum rationem compleat; non alio modo cauſſa eſt reipſa quàm finis: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſic rerum eſſen<lb></lb>tiam complet, vt pars interna, ſed ſecundùm rationem ſolam, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimpliciter, quacunque .ſ. </s> <s>ratione <lb></lb>res ipſę ſpectentur: verùm qua ſunt, & eſſentiam participant: ideò non eſt quae vereamur in rerum defi<lb></lb>nitione diuinam vſurpari eſſentiam, niſi fortè logicè, nec credendum hanc rationem ſpectandi eſſen<lb></lb>tiam primam alterius eſſe muneris, ac primi philoſophi. </s> <s>Nam quae alio modo cauſſa non ſit, ipſe Phi<lb></lb>loſophi progreſſus optimus teſtis eſſe poteſt: ſiquidem præter loca quæ nuper citauimus 2. de Ani. <lb></lb>& 2. de ortu animal. </s> <s>vbi docet ingenitam fuiſſe <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> vim, niſi ſit vitium, vt ſimile ſibi efficiat, <expan abbr="eiuſq́ue">eiuſque</expan> <lb></lb>rei cauſſam eſſe velit participationem diuini; quæ certè ratio reſoluitur in finem; accedit etiam eiu <pb pagenum="993"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5679"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>auctoritas 12. Met. qui antequam accipiat <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ens eſſe formam, oſtendit, quemadmodum ſit cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, nec docet alio modo, quàm vt concipiendum, & expetendum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> adſcribit ex huiuſmodi princi<lb></lb>pio cęlum <expan abbr="naturamq́">naturamque</expan>. </s> <s>pendere, hoc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ex ſeipſo ſolùm eſſe, & eſſe eiuſmodi bonum quod ſine alio con<lb></lb>ſiſtit; cætera, vel bona non ſunt, vel non per ſeipſa: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> efficiens eſt alterius gratia, forma bonum <lb></lb>eſt quidem, ſed non ſine alio, materia non eſt bonum, ſed ſine ipſa non eſt bonum. </s> <s>Si ergo bonum <lb></lb>per ſe omne aliud genus cauſſæ repudiat ſine excepto. </s> <s>ab eo autem quod per ſe bonum eſt, cœlum pen<lb></lb>det, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> natura, liquet ita hęc apta eſſe ex Deo, vt ex fine, non vt ex alio genere cauſſæ, & planè hoc <lb></lb>modo cauſſa eſſe poteſt, <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> eo, quae aliqua vel habitudo, vel accidens, vel compoſitio accedat ad illam <lb></lb>ſubſtantiam, nec <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> quicquam exterius affigatur: ſed eius excellentia ſeipſam expetendam cæte<lb></lb>ris mentib. obiicit, & cęlo. </s> <s>Non igitur eſt cauſſa, <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> aliorum ratio compleatur, & illius <lb></lb>eſſentia ſignificetur, niſi vt finis, & vt finis auctor eſt vniuerſi ordinis per triplicem gradum <foreign lang="grc">νοητῶν</foreign> .i. <lb></lb></s> <s>mentium cui Platonici præfecerunt Adraſteiam; <foreign lang="grc">ὑπερκοσμίων</foreign> .i. </s> <s>eorum quę ſupra mundum, cui ne<lb></lb>ceſsitatem imperare voluerunt, & <foreign lang="grc">ἐγκοσμίων</foreign>, ideſt mundanorum, quę in cęli complexu continen<lb></lb>tur, cui dicunt aſsiſtere <foreign lang="grc">εἱμαρμένην</foreign>, ideſt, fatum. </s> <s>Sic igitur omnia per functiones in Deum, <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>finem diriguntur, & eſſentię ad ipſum referuntur, velut habitum, <expan abbr="quoruncunq.">quoruncunque</expan> hę ſint ſiue incorpo<lb></lb>rea, & indiuidua, ſeu corporea, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> materiata; cum animata, tum inanima, & illa quidem ſenſu, ſiue <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5680"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>etiam mente prędita, ſiue carentia, tam vniuerſa, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> ſingula, vel proxime, vel remotè pendent ex Deo, <lb></lb><expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> ex fine ſuo primo, ac potiſsimo. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omnia demum in hoc genus cauſſę quod eſt finis, & in eo<lb></lb>dem ordine ſummus, qui Deus eſt, reſoluuntur. </s> <s>Et ita generatim communicatur omnibus eſſe his qui<lb></lb>dem clarius, illis autem obſcurius, & <expan abbr="quacunq.">quacunque</expan> virtus ipſius diffunditur, vt optimè Deum omnia lo<lb></lb>ca & luſtrare & incolere prędicent. </s> <s>& illud apud Ariſtotelem.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5669"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5670"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5671"></margin.target>a Poetic.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5672"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5673"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5674"></margin.target>b 2. de An.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5675"></margin.target>c 2. de Ge. <lb></lb>anim.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5676"></margin.target>d 2. de cęl.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5677"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5678"></margin.target>d 2..ſPhy</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5679"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5680"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Animę omnia plena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>atque illud</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>-Iouis omnia plena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s>& multo prius ad Aratum.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">μεσταὶ δὲ διὸς πᾶσαι μὲν ἀγυαὶ<lb></lb> Πᾶσαι δ' ἁνθρώπον ἀγοραὶ, μεστὴ δέ θάλασσα<lb></lb> Καὶ λιμὲνες. </foreign></s> <s><foreign lang="grc">πατῃ δὲ διὸς κεχρήμεθα πάντες</foreign>.<lb></lb></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>qua ſe cunctis expetendum offert: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> pro ſuiipſius ingenij captu quàm maximè <expan abbr="illũ">illum</expan> <lb></lb>imitari vult, & imitando habere, vel contemplando, vel appetendo, vel mouendo, vel permanendo, <lb></lb>& propagando, vel his omnibus officiis ſeruiendo, quibus cum Deo quodammodo coniunguntur, & <lb></lb>vnum cum ipſo fiunt vel per eſſentiam, vt mentes, vel per intentionem, vt homo, vel per <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan>, <lb></lb>vt alia omnia: æternorum imitatio perfectiſsima, mobilium, & eorum quæ poſita ſunt in ſucceſsio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5681"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne, aliquanto inferior; illa proxima, hæc tantiſper remota quia per lationem corporum cęleſtium. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> per eſſentiam, per præſentiam, & potentiam eſſe prędicatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> illa omnium <lb></lb>optimè quæ ſunt expertia materiæ æterno tempore contemplantia, indiuidua peſsimè, quæ vel eam <lb></lb>vim non habent, vel ſaltem non perpetuò: ex hoc ipſo fit, vt <expan abbr="quæq́">quæque</expan>. </s> <s>in optimo ſtatu, hoc eſt, qui ſibi <lb></lb>ſit aptus; feliciſsimè conſeruentur: etenim conſeruatio per optimam functionem comparatur; ea ve<lb></lb>rò potiſsimè Deo finitur, & in hoc aut illo magis, minusúe elucet per gradus antedictos, & magis in <lb></lb>ſpecie. </s> <s><expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> indiuiduo: ſiquidem appetitus ſpeciei plus, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> indiuidui valeat: quandò natura optat <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>ſimpliciter, hanc verò quæ ſingularis eſt, per accidens eo, quòd talis forma ab hoc efficiente in hac <lb></lb>materia ponenda eſt: ex his verò proximè emergit hoc compoſitum, quod eſt ſingulare. </s> <s>Hoc igi<lb></lb>tur modo ex tali principio cœlum & natura ſunt apta.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5681"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine conſtituto inter Deum & reliqua entia dubitatur, & exponitur ſigillatim vt <expan abbr="quæq́ue">quæque</expan> <lb></lb>pendeat ex ipſo in eo quòd eſt. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ATTAMEN ex ipſius Ariſtotelis ſententia quiſpiam curioſior ambigere valeat aduerſus ea quę <lb></lb>decreuimus; etenim ſic ſe habet <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> ad vnum, ſicut eſt: & planum igitur, ſi cauſſas ha<lb></lb>bet, cur ſit verum; quae etiam cauſſas habet, quòd ſit verum: ergo & quòd ſit ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Sed Deus eſt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5682"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>prima cauſſa veritatis: ergo & quae res ſint ſimpliciter. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> etiam ea quæ ſunt, tametſi æterna, cauſſam <lb></lb>habebunt, per quam exiſtent, quæ erit ipſe Deus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hoc videtur excludere rationem efficientis; <lb></lb>inquit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> Ariſtoteles, per quod talia redduntur; & vtitur exemplo ignis à quo, vt ab efficiente reliqua <lb></lb>calorem accipiunt. </s> <s>Tum etiam. </s> <s>Si Deus eſt cauſſa veritatis, & idcirco quae res ſit, quid in mentem no<lb></lb>bis venit accipere eſſe tertij ſignificati, cùm de primo, aut ad ſummum ſecundo mentio facta fuiſſe vi<lb></lb>deatur? </s> <s>de illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non minus verè dicitur, quae cum vero congruat <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> de illo tertio quod nos accipimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Necnon ita opponam. </s> <s>Entitas vniuerſaliſsimus eſt effectus, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>omnium primus. </s> <s>Sed huiuſ<lb></lb>modi effectus vniuerſaliſsimæ, <expan abbr="primæq́ue">primæque</expan> cauſſæ reddendi ſunt. </s> <s>Ergo cùm cauſſa vniuerſaliſsima ſit <lb></lb>Deus O. M. erit ille auctor omnis entitatis: quinetiam cum eſſentiæ principiis attribuatur entitas. </s> <s>Er<lb></lb>go & eſſentiæ principia naſcentur ex Deo, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> cauſſa efficiente. </s> <s>Inſuper cum extra Deum putemus <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele poſitas alias mentes; cur de illarum ordine ne verbum quidem fecerit, ſed de natura ſo<lb></lb>lùm, <expan abbr="cęloq́">cęloque</expan>. </s> <s>meminerit? </s> <s>neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> potes tu defendere cum cęlo comprehendi reliquas mentes, quandò <lb></lb>cęlum ſeorſum in eo ſententiarum ductu ſumptum fuiſſe profiteris. </s> <s>Hìc ante quàm ad obiectorum <lb></lb>dilutionem me conferam, te monebo verum eſſe duplex & ſimplex, & in complexione poſitum. </s> <s>hoc <lb></lb>certe ſine mente non eſt & diffèrt à bono cùm ſit extra mentem: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> non ex Deo, ſed ex mente deri<lb></lb>uatur; illud cum bono commeat, & enti eſt adfixum, ac ex vna, <expan abbr="eademq́ue">eademque</expan> propagine ortum ducit. <pb pagenum="996"></pb>Igitur quod erit cauſſa talis veri, conſimiliter etiam ſit entis cauſſa neceſſe eſt, cuius item Deum qui <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5683"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>negat auctorem, impius eſt, & philoſophiæ prorſus expers, & vt cauſſam quidem quæ in ratione tan<lb></lb>tummodò contineatur, velut habitum in priuatione comprehendi monſtrauimus; & hoc ſiue ſim<lb></lb>plex, quemadmodum in principiis, ſiue compoſitum fuerit, vt in rebus ſenſilibus, dummodò fuerit in<lb></lb>complexum. </s> <s>quod nos per analogiam quandam dicimus dare eſſe formaliter, quia ſicuti res eſt, cùm <lb></lb>forma præſens eſt, & per ipſam plenè intelligitur, ſic & primi ratio ſupponitur, ac ex ipſa concipitur <lb></lb>id quod poſterius eſt. </s> <s>Non igitur, vt aiunt quidam, finis intelligentiæ ſolùm, ſed omnium aliorum; <lb></lb>non forma cęli ſolius, ſed reliquorum; non efficiens motus, ſed finis. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ea quidem nos ipſi defen<lb></lb>dimus, attamen vt res per ſeipſam perplexa eſt, ſic in varia ſtudia mentes omnium rapuit, ob <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>cauſſam multa in huius quæſtionis explicatum congeſta quæ maximum pondus habent in hac philo<lb></lb>ſophia; quamobrem etiam diligenter à nobis ex pendenda. </s> <s>Duo verò decreta generaliter obſeruan<lb></lb>tur, primum eorum qui inducti rationibus ſuperiorib. omnibus modis omnium rerum effectionem, <lb></lb>aut cęli ſaltem Deo concedunt, quod tametſi exploratiſsimæ veritatis, attamen videndum eſt, ſit'ne <lb></lb>Peripateticum. </s> <s>Etenim illud obſtare videtur quod antea confectum eſt; Nullum poſsibile <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> <lb></lb>ab alio reddi poteſt. </s> <s>Quod autem ab alio pendet, vt efficiente, eſt ex ſe poſsibile, nec igitur ab alio <lb></lb>perpetuum fiet. </s> <s>Atqui & mentes & cęlum ab Ariſtotele ponuntur æterna: carent ergo efficiente. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5684"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hæc verò eſſe ſine efficiente perpetua perſuadet Ariſtotelis ipſius ſententia, qui aliqua ponit neceſſa<lb></lb>ria quorum nulla ſit poteſtas quæ per ſe arguit efficiens; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad actum deducenda eſt; id verò effi<lb></lb>cientis operam flagitat. </s> <s>At verò quidam hac adhibita diſtinctione reſpondent. </s> <s>Efficiens latius,& <lb></lb>preſsius accipi poſſe: etenim id omne perhiberi efficiens quod <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan> rem de potentia tra<lb></lb>ducit ad actum: at verò potentia duplex eſt: altera naturalis quæ contradicentibus implicata eſt: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>altera logica in qua ſolum habetur ratio non repugnantiæ, vt ſi quæ conferuntur, non includant con<lb></lb>tradictionem, veluti concluſio demonſtrationis, quanuis ſit vera, cùm pendeat tamen ex propoſitioni<lb></lb>bus ad illas ſe habere dicatur. </s> <s>vt potentia, quia ſine illis non conſiſtat. </s> <s>Idcirco efficiens duplex quod <lb></lb>de vera poteſtate deducit ad actum, & quod de logica: ac quemadmodum vera eſt prior illa poteſtas, <lb></lb>altera per ſimilitudinem, ſic etiam verum eſt efficiens quod illi reſpondet; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alterum per ſimilitudi<lb></lb>nem. </s> <s>Cùm res ita ſit, etiam defendunt quidam ſi quæ ponantur æterna, vt philoſophi faciunt, nihi<lb></lb>lominus eorum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Deum eſſe poſſe efficientem cauſſam, ſi non veram, at per ſimilitudinem. </s> <s>Ad<lb></lb>uerſus hanc ſententiam viri bene docti inſurrexerunt, & multis machinis eam diſtinctionem euerte<lb></lb>re conati ſunt opponentes primùm ab Ariſtotele non fuiſſe cognitum genus illud efficientis quod ſine <lb></lb>tranſmutatione operatur, ſed verum duntaxat, & quod per affectionem præcedentem præmouet ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5685"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>actum: aliter intercluderetur aditus philoſopho naturali probandi æternitatem motus in genere, ſiue <lb></lb>motum, ſiue mobile reſpexeris: vtrobique <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquiunt, oportere præcedere mutationem. </s> <s>nunc ſi da<lb></lb>tur hæc efficientia, vt ipſi volunt, non neceſſe erit mutationem motui mobiliúe præceſsiſſe, ſed proti<lb></lb>nus exiſtere poterunt. </s> <s>ſic creatio dabitur à qua philoſophi veteres abhorrent. </s> <s>Quòd ſi quiſpiam di<lb></lb>xerit Ariſtotelis rationem habere locum, in eo quod à tempore continetur, non in eo quod efficitur ab <lb></lb>æterno; tunc inſtabo. </s> <s>Sicut ab æterno talis extiterit productio rerum, cur non idem etiam in aliquo <lb></lb>temporis puncto fieri potuit? </s> <s>eadem <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> habitudo eſt rei producendæ ad efficiens, ſiue ab æterno, ſiue <lb></lb>ex tempore fuerit: vtrobique <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> quod producendum eſt, quatenus huiuſmodi, eſt non ens. </s> <s>Inſuper <lb></lb>in Ariſtotelis ratione vitium foret ſecundùm conſequens hoc efficiendi modo omiſſo. </s> <s>Accedit eòdem <lb></lb>quae ſi ita poſſet efficere primus motor, non eſſet neceſſaria via motus ad ipſum inueniendum. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſicut ex iis quæ ſunt ex rei natura, efficitur vt ipſius rei notitiam comparemus, ſicut ignis ex fumo: ſic <lb></lb>ex modo efficiendi ſine motu perduceremur in cognitionem primi motoris. </s> <s>Adde item loca Ariſto<lb></lb>telis de 5 & 9. primæ philoſophiæ <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> agens de potentia ſemper eam definit per principium tranſ<lb></lb>mutandi aliud, prout aliud, nec vnquàm meminiſſe comperitur de hoc principio quod vocant <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> <lb></lb>metaphoricum. </s> <s>Equidem memini me legiſſe apud Ariſtotelem <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> tale genus efficientis, & illud ſigni<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5686"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ficaſſe, cùm æternorum quorundam cauſſas eſſe monet <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> motis etiam alia moueri oporteat quæ <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5687"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſunt apta ex illis. </s> <s>meminit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ibi de cauſsis præcipuis quæ ſunt efficiens & finis, & addit tertiam quam <lb></lb>appellat per ſimilitudinem. </s> <s>Atqui exemplum ſumit à concluſione quæ pendet ex principiis, ea ve<lb></lb>rò non pendet ex illis per aliquem motum, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt à fine. </s> <s>ergo cauſſa ex qua pendet manifeſtò recidit <lb></lb>in efficiens, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud quidem per ſimilitudinem. </s> <s>Nec obſtat quod obiicitur. </s> <s>Si tale foret efficiens, <lb></lb>nullam eſſe neceſsitatem argumenti Ariſtotelici de 8. Phyſ. eo quae non valebit hoc motum motui præ<lb></lb>ceſſurum: id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prorſus eſt falſum: nam <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo nouum quidpiam fiat, ſemper aliquod ge<lb></lb>nus mutationis intercedat oportet, & hoc ſufficit propoſito Ariſtotelis, quia ſic motus motui præce<lb></lb>dit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> ita creatio ponetur, quoniam ſi aliquis motus, ibi etiam mobile ſit neceſſe eſt, ſi audimus <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem. </s> <s>Nec minuit robur illius rationis cauſſæ huius omiſsio, quia ſi tale fuerit agens, proti<lb></lb>nus erit & motus, & rei productio. </s> <s>Nam poſitis aliis Deo coæuis erit in iis innata cupiditas illum imi<lb></lb>tandi contemplando, mouendo, exiſtendo, ex motu rerum mortalium propagatio: ſic ab æterno cœ<lb></lb>lum & mundus, quod ibi fuerat concludendum. </s> <s>Non clauditur etiam via motus, quia quocunque <lb></lb>efficiente dato conſtat de aliquo genere mutationis. </s> <s>Nego verò omiſſum hoc cauſſæ genus in 5. & 9. <lb></lb>p. </s> <s>philoſophiæ; quando contineatur ſub eo genere cauſſæ quod eſt rei neceſſariæ, quod item apparet <lb></lb>ex eo quod adſcribit Ariſtoteles: his <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> motis ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> mouentur quæ ſunt ex illis. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò <lb></lb>vt memini me hunc cauſſæ modum apud Ariſtotelem comperiſſe, ſic opinor Deum ab ipſo habitum <pb pagenum="997"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5688"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fuiſſe, vt finem. </s> <s>Sequitur ergo, vt agamus de ratione qua Deus ſit cauſſa vt finis. </s> <s>Hîc etiam varia <lb></lb>dicuntur à philoſophis. </s> <s>Deum ſic agere; quia dirigat intentionem, ſiue ea ſit à natura, ſiue ab ani<lb></lb>ma, ſicut <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dominus dirigit intentionem ſerui, ex quo illud agit quod ante dominus concepit agen<lb></lb>dum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id propter ipſum, ſic dominus mouet ſeruum vt finis. </s> <s>Nunc ſi quia rerum ſingularum, at<lb></lb>que actionum ſpecies in Deo ſint, velut in domino, id Peripatetici, vt opinor, ignorarunt, & à nob. </s> <s>ſu<lb></lb>prà confutatum eſt. </s> <s>Sed tamen & <expan abbr="quocunq.">quocunque</expan> modo id eueniat, ita arguam illo aſſumpto, Res nolle <lb></lb>malè diſponi: patet autem hoc exui naturalis appetitus. </s> <s>Tum inquam. </s> <s>Vbi quælibet res pendeat <lb></lb>à primo in eſſe non male diſponuntur. </s> <s>Ergo pendent in eſſe à primo. </s> <s>Coniunctum probatur. </s> <s>Nam <lb></lb>ſi poſſent eſſe per ſe, poſſent item agere per ſe. </s> <s>Non poſſunt autem per ſe agere: ſi <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> iam, Deum <lb></lb>eſſe primum ens, primum verum, primum neceſſarium, ex quo reliqua ſunt entia, vera, & neceſſaria. <lb></lb></s> <s>Idcirco dicunt nonnulli Deum communicare quidem rebus, quae ſint <expan abbr="abſq.">abſque</expan> vlla perturbatione materię ci<lb></lb>tra omnem præuiam affectionem, & per conſecutionem ſolam, hoc eſt, quae ſicut effectus poſita ſua pri<lb></lb>ma cauſſa ponitur, & adhæret inſeparabiliter ſuæ cauſſæ, ſic & rerum eſſe vnà exiſtit cum Deo, velut <lb></lb>eius primus effectus. </s> <s>Cùm verò nulla cauſſa mouens ſine præuia affectione operetur, niſi finis; hinc <lb></lb>effici, vt Deus etiam pręſtet reb. quae ſint, veluti finis. </s> <s>Vt autem appareat, quemadmodum communi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5689"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cet rebus, quae ſint vt finis, ita aiunt mentem eſſe cauſſam rerum in Deo: vt primum enim concepit hoc <lb></lb>eſſe, id eſt è veſtigio: intentio <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in Deo eſt ipſa exiſtentiæ cauſſa. </s> <s>Cùm autem intentio ſit vel in men<lb></lb>te cuius ratio poteſtas eſt, vel etiam in ea quæ ſuapte natura eſt actus; in ea verò quæ eſt poteſtas, res <lb></lb>concepta, vt docet Auerroes, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſubeat rationem finis ſimul, & efficientis. </s> <s>in illa autem quæ eſt actus, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5690"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vicem finis obtineat, ideò <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> Deus operatur vt finis, etiam ad rerum conſtitutionem, & actum ea<lb></lb>rum primum. </s> <s>Cæterùm mihi videntur eadem propè redire quæ ſuperius obiecta fuere. </s> <s>Nam ſic <lb></lb>idea foret, & primo mouenti concedenda eſſet cognitio ſingulorum, quę omnia diſplicent Peripateti<lb></lb>cis. </s> <s>Secundò motui præcederet operatio quędam, nempe exiſtentiæ conſtitutio, cùm tamen videatur <lb></lb>ipſi prima operatio concedi erga ſenſilia quae moueantur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> hîc dicere potes eſſe rerum perſpici ex <lb></lb>motu; quia motus id tibi poteſt oſtendere ſolùm ea eſſe quæ per ipſum fiunt, ſicuti elementorum pro<lb></lb>ductiones, & eorum quæ ſunt ex illis, quæ neque notioni Dei, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> primò ipſi tribuuntur. </s> <s>Sed cùm <lb></lb>lationi, & conuerſioni precipuè pręcedat actu ſubſtantia, non apparet id ex motu. </s> <s>Quid vetaret etiam <lb></lb>quominus alia via <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> motus ad Dei notitiam vocaremur, eſſe enim <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſine motu conſpicuum eſt, <lb></lb>& prius eſt ex Deo quàm motus. </s> <s>Quin etiam res ita producitur, quia cùm antea non eſſet, extitit <lb></lb>poſteà ſiue natura, ſeu tempore, nihil in præſentia refert; nunc ſi potentia, fuerat ante, educitur de <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5691"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>potentia ad actum; ſic eſt verè efficiens, non finis ſolùm; quòd ſi è non ente fit ens ſine vlla potentia; <lb></lb>cur non erit ea creatio? </s> <s>cur non item in aliquo tempore, cur ſi notiones æternæ in Deo, non etiam exi<lb></lb>ſtent res ab ęterno? </s> <s>Etiam aliquod principium à Deo longè diuerſum videntur poſuiſſe philoſophi <lb></lb>nimirùm potentiam & priuationem quæ ſunt mali in mundo radices; non videntur autem eſſe poſ<lb></lb>ſe ex illa Dei notione; nam quanuis mali cognitio mala non ſit; at in Deo in quo cognitio rerum cauſ<lb></lb>ſa eſt, mala eſſe videbitur. </s> <s>Ariſtoteles item mentem noluit eſſe rerum cauſſam, vt intelligit, ſed vt <lb></lb>intelligitur, nec quidem à ſeipſa. </s> <s>ſed ab eo quod primo mouetur: & eſto quòd vt intelligitur, ſit cauſ<lb></lb>ſa, non eſt ideò cauſſa rei quòd ſit primo, verùm quòd moueatur, ex quo motu poſtmodo caduca <lb></lb>exiſtunt, & ſingularia, non autem entia ſimpliciter. </s> <s>quaſi æterna per ſe ſint, & exiſtentiæ ſuæ cauſ<lb></lb>ſam aliunde non accerſant. </s> <s>Quapropter mihi Peripateticè aſſeueratum eſſe non videtur, vt etiam<lb></lb>ſi pendeant ex Deo tanquàm fine, vt operantur ad eius imitationem, & hoc modo dirigantur ab ipſo, <lb></lb>ſic per mentem intelligentem generaliter dirigantur, ſed per inſtinctum quendam natiuum, ſiue ille ſit <lb></lb>in animo, ſiue in corpore. </s> <s>Neque perſuaderi poſſum ſi dirigantur res à Deo, tanquàm fine, quòd <lb></lb>inde quoque hauriant ſuum eſſe. </s> <s>Quo enim ablato adhuc aliquid eſt ſuperſtes, id illi ineſt per ac<lb></lb>cidens. </s> <s>at hoc ablato, quòd Deus communicet reb. quòd ſint, adhuc remanet ratio pendentiæ ex Deo. <lb></lb></s> <s>nimirùm quia ſic operantur vt ab illo agantur. </s> <s>Ergo conſequi ſuum eſſe ex Deo poſita ratione finis <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5692"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in ipſo, non eſt neceſſarium. </s> <s>Prætereà finis rei genitæ diſtinguitur à fine generationis, cùm hic ſit rei <lb></lb>quæ fit, illæ etiam poſsit eſſe rei quæ iam eſt actu. </s> <s>Deus autem eſt finis rei genitæ. </s> <s>Dico igitur eam eſ<lb></lb>ſe mentem Ariſtotelis, vt ſint aliqua neceſſaria per ſe quæ pendeant ex primo ente, veruntamen ab il<lb></lb>lo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> deducantur de non ente actu ad actu ens; ſed cùm actu per ſe conſiſtant, ex eo pendeant, quòd <lb></lb>eius gratia agant, & ab illo ad ſua munera rectè obeunda inſtinctu animali, ſiue naturali dirigantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Naturalem verò communem omnib. eſſe vno eo primo excepto dico, niſi appetitus notio latiſsimè pa<lb></lb>teat, ſi naturalem accipimus qui inhæret eſſentiæ, quatenus eſſentia: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in cognoſcentib. vis animę <lb></lb>duplex: altera qua eſt poteſtate rerum formæ, & ſpecies quę vim habet cognoſcendi: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> altera qua <lb></lb>ens eſt inferioris cuiuſdam naturæ; proptereà per ſe ipſum quodammodo priuatum, & eiuſmodi, vt <lb></lb>quouis modo promoueri poſsit vlterius ſummum aliquatenus participando; eſt item aliqua facultas <lb></lb>rectrix corporis, ſicut etiam in ipſa eſſentia eſt ratio rei intelligendę, ex quo eſt mentis intelligentis ob<lb></lb>iectum, & ratio boni, ex quo eſt finis appetitus qui etiam conceditur menti, quatenus contendit in ve<lb></lb>rum, vt bonum, & perfectionem eius: ſic dicendum de Deo; licèt in Deo ſint hęc idem ſimpliciter, ad <lb></lb>alia quæ ſunt ex illo conſequentia diſtinctionem. </s> <s>Proinde mouet per eſſentiam quidem intellectum <lb></lb>rei .ſ. </s> <s>intelligentis: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſſentia per ſe res intelligenda, appetitum verò quatenus illi ſeſe offert vt bo<lb></lb>num. </s> <s>Id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſuaptè vi expetendum. </s> <s>Ideò mouentur à Deo ſingula aliquo ex his modis, & id in genere <pb pagenum="998"></pb>finis, proximè verò per intellectum. </s> <s>intellectus <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt principium primum motus in ipſo mobili, quia <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5693"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt principium appetitus, mox verò per appetitum; & ex ipſo igitur primùm extant operationes alia<lb></lb>rum rerum pro captu ſuę <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> naturę & conditionis. </s> <s>Verùm quae functio non poteſt eſſe ſine exiſten<lb></lb>tia, & ſe habet exiſtentia quodammodo ad functionem, veluti materies ad formam, vel ſicut inſtru<lb></lb>mentum ad vtens: ita vt ſine ipſis nullus rerum ſit vſus; etiam dici poteſt eſſe in actu primo pendere <lb></lb>ex Deo. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen quin actu per ſe res exiſtat, ſed quae ſine ipſo bonum communicari non poteſt. </s> <s>Ita <lb></lb>etiam ex Deo per modum finis exiſtit <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> quod eſt præter ipſum. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> ita dabo Res, nolle ma<lb></lb>le diſponi, & ex ipſo etiam per modum finis exiſtere, quia neceſſe eſt vt ſint, ſi bene ſe habere debent; <lb></lb>nec auctoritatem in conſtituendis ęternis primo enti Peripateticè dabo. </s> <s>Ad alterum reſpondebat Sy<lb></lb>rianus hęc eſſe ex illo, quia poſt illud, & quae illud eſſet eorum exemplar. </s> <s>Addo ego etiam ex illo eſſe, <lb></lb>quòd tum res eſſe perfectè dicitur, cùm eſt in actu ſecundo; at omnis actus ſecundus ex illo eſt quo<lb></lb>quomodo. </s> <s>Quamobrem mentes ipſum neceſſariò intelligunt, formę quia dant eſſe, cœlum per mo<lb></lb>tum imitatur, alia dum ſibi ſimile generant. </s> <s>Addo ſecundo ea ſic exiſtere ex neceſsitate quam vocat <lb></lb>Ariſt. </s> <s>ſuppoſitionis eo modo. </s> <s>Si eſt enſis, neceſſe item eſt adſit <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan>. </s> <s>Sic ad <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> entis <expan abbr="incõplexi">incomplexi</expan> mo<lb></lb>dos pertinet illud <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <expan abbr="pronuntiatũ">pronuntiatum</expan>, nec excluditur operatio ab eo ſignificato. </s> <s>Sic <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> tollitur obiectio <lb></lb>in fronte huius capitis allata. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nihil hęc ad <expan abbr="conſtitutionẽ">conſtitutionem</expan> exiſtentię quę petitur ab actu primo. </s> <s>Ne<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5694"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>go verò <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="entitatẽ">entitatem</expan> eſſe <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>, ſed aliqua eſt, quam credo eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, vt in cauſsis ſimpliciter, ete<lb></lb>nim datur ſtatus in <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> genere cauſſarum, ſed quae ex iis pendere poſſunt quę ſunt ex alia ſerie, velut ex for<lb></lb>ma materia, in Deo potiſsimè eſſe non eſt effectus, aliter in Deo non eſſent <expan abbr="idẽ">idem</expan> eſſe & eſſentia. </s> <s>Prętereà <lb></lb>dico entitatem non eſſe effectum ſimpliciter; ſed vel in tertio ſignificato ipſius eſſe; vel vt in materia, <lb></lb>nec vniuerſè, nec vt ab efficiente pendentium, verùm in ſuo cauſſæ modo, vt ſecundùm rationem, & <lb></lb>vt in ordine finis; quia ſit propter hoc, non ex hoc. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> reddere tale eſt efficientis opus neceſſariò; <lb></lb>ſed quomodocunque tale præſtare, vel etiam formaliter, vel vt in genere finis; licet in efficientib. hoc <lb></lb>poſsit eſſe illuſtrius; itaque inde ad rem declarandam exemplum ſumptum fuerit. </s> <s>Signo illud eſt, <lb></lb>quòd Ariſtoteles ibidem æternorum, quorum ſine controuerſia nullum eſt efficiens, principia <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> <lb></lb>veriſsima eſſe prædicauit. </s> <s>Alias autem menteis in illo ordine non præteritas ab Ariſtotele fuiſſe dici<lb></lb>mus: ſed analogicè ſub illo vno comprehenſas, quod vniuerſi formam eſſe accipimus 12. Met. <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> ſiqui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5695"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem Ariſtotelis conſilium fuerat explicare quemadmodum Deus eſſet auctor ſubſtantiæ ſenſilis; mo<lb></lb>dus autem ille communis eſt analogicè mentib. vniuerſis, cùm habeant vim mouendi ſuos orbes eo<lb></lb>dem modo, quo omnium præſtantiſsima ſubſtantia, & ad commune officium cum ea concurrendi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Neque ſum eius opinionis, vt inferiores intelligentiæ moueant orbes, quatenus concipiunt aliquid de <lb></lb>primo motore, ſed quatenus etiam intelliguntur, & deſiderantur à ſuis orbibus.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5696"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5682"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5683"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5684"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5685"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5686"></margin.target>a 2. ad Eud. <lb></lb>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5687"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5688"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5689"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5690"></margin.target>a 14. Met. <lb></lb>T. c. 44.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5691"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5692"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5693"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5694"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5695"></margin.target>a T. 49.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5696"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Exponitur ordo qui eſt in rebus quæ ſunt ex Deo, præcipuè verò in cœlo ad inferiora. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>XLVIIII<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>NVNC ad illa veniamus, quæ ſunt infra Deum, cum eo quoque, quae ſimilis cauſſæ modus ſecundis <lb></lb>conueniat mentibus, & has comprehendamus. </s> <s>Offert ſeſe primò vniuersè explicanda ratio gene<lb></lb>ralis connexionis quæ meo quidem iudicio, ſumitur ex <expan abbr="cõſenſione">conſenſione</expan> cauſſarum. </s> <s>Nam quicquid ex alio <lb></lb>pendet; illud habet veluti principium, & hoc item, vel dum fit, vel <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> factum eſt. </s> <s>Finem & <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan> <lb></lb>nouimus eſſe principia externa rei, dum fit; cùm efficiente recenſeo operationes & inſtrumenta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Finis etiam duplex eſt, vel cuius, ideſt, in quem vniuerſa mutatio dirigitur, nec <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> deſiſtit, niſi impe<lb></lb>dita, <expan abbr="quouſq.">quouſque</expan> ad illum peruenerit; eſt & finis cui, qui poſitus eſt in illis in quibus vſus cuiuſpiam ratio <lb></lb>ſpectatur, quæ non conſtituat <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>, vt pars rei, nec vt pars motus: huc illa <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <expan abbr="referunt̃">referuntur</expan> quæ ad <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> <lb></lb>ſpeciei tutelam contendunt: ex quo ſunt ordine vellera, pili, cruſtæ, cortices, veſtimenta, & omnia <expan abbr="ar-tificũ">ar<lb></lb>tificum</expan> opera, ne ſingula numerando percenſeamus. </s> <s>Sed & multa quæ naturali inſtinctu beſtiæ <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, <lb></lb>in hunc <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> referri queunt: eius generis ſunt indificationes, alitiones, vteri geſtationes, & ſimilia, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5697"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ vniuerſa in alterius <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan> fiunt, ſed vt illi ſeruientia. </s> <s>Interna eſt priuatio in re dum fit: forma & <lb></lb>materia ſunt rei iam conſtitutæ principia. </s> <s>Porrò ad formam partes eſſentiæ pertinent, & quod acci<lb></lb>pit rationem totius: materia continet partes integrantes, & <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan>, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> omne id quod obtinet vim <lb></lb>elementi: cibus eſt animanti materies, & <expan abbr="quæcunq.">quæcunque</expan> ſic ſe habent ad inhęrentia, vt illis poſitis ea neceſ<lb></lb>ſariò conſequantur; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> hoc <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> ſubſtantia videtur accidentis eſſe materia. </s> <s>In omnibus verò gene<lb></lb>ratim eſt ordo prioris, & poſterioris, propinquioris, & remotioris. </s> <s>De ſupremo fine ſuo loco: nunc <lb></lb>de efficiente diſſeramus. </s> <s>Primum efficiens volumus eſſe cœlum, quae mouendo moueatur; <expan abbr="idq́">idque</expan>. </s> <s>ab alio <lb></lb>nullo mobili per <expan abbr="notionẽ">notionem</expan>, & appetitum ſupremi finis: eius <expan abbr="inſtrumẽta">inſtrumenta</expan> ſunt lumen, & motus, quorum <lb></lb>præſentia, & facultas per vniuerſa corpora protenditur, ita gubernata prout melius eſſe contingit; me<lb></lb>lius verò eſt, vt aguntur à mentibus illis beatiſsimis quæ fallere nequeunt; ſi quid illorum <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> con<lb></lb>templando perſequatur, & experiatur earum <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan>. </s> <s>obedit <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſponte, nec vllam flagitat vim, à qua <lb></lb>contra propenſionem ſuam <expan abbr="cõpleatur">compleatur</expan>: idcirco & mentes illi ſunt bonę, quatenus animans, & quatenus <lb></lb>tale corpus. </s> <s>Proptereà non ineptè fabulati ſunt veteres, conſilium & amorem primos eſſe genitores <lb></lb>omnium rerum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5697"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Καὶ μῆτις πρῶτος γενέτορ, καὶ ἒρως πολυτερπής</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ad quod etiam reſpicientem Phęrecyden elocutum fuiſſe, puta <expan abbr="Iouẽ">Iouem</expan> in amorem fuiſſe transformatum, <pb pagenum="999"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5698"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cùm producere voluiſſet. </s> <s>Hunc etiam credimus eſſe Vulcanum illum de quo Theologi, quem æra tra<lb></lb>ctare, & folles agitare fingunt, mox ſpeculum ſtruere, & præcipitatum de cęlo claudicare. </s> <s>æs <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> molli<lb></lb>tie ſua figuras omnes accipit; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> eſt ipſa rerum materies, folles ſpiritum fouent, & <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>, qui prę<lb></lb>cipuum eſt cęli inſtrumentum. </s> <s>ac ſpeculum eſt ſymbolum aſsiduę mutationis, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia mutatur, <lb></lb>quae formæ extrinſecùs accedunt, nec ſuæ ipſius materiæ fiunt: manet autem materia; nihilominus alte<lb></lb>rius contrarij ſucceſsiuè capax, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> ſine actus præſentia facit: ita hęrent in ſpeculi ſuperficie ſpe<lb></lb>ctra ex obiecti præſentia nata, nec cuiuſuis, ſed lucis qua cęlum vtens transformat <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, & hoc mo<lb></lb>do ſenſilium <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> eſt fabricator; <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>vocatus <foreign lang="grc">ἐργοτεχνιτης</foreign> .i. </s> <s>opifex. </s> <s>Idem ex loco ſuperiore, & ce<lb></lb>litum domibus in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> cecidiſſe narratur, quòd igne ſuo cuncta viuificat, terram quæ per ſe materia <lb></lb>informis eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> renitens, mollit, & exornat; <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> autem pede claudicauit, quae ad infinitum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> re<lb></lb>rum gradum deductus cùm vniuerſam earum planitiem excurrerit, amplius euagari non poteſt. </s> <s>hic <lb></lb>ille eſt qui Mineruam, quæ vis pręſtantior eſt, amans ſupra modum, ſemen in terram effudit, vnde cę<lb></lb>tera pullularunt. </s> <s>Ergo & de cœlo Peripateticè prædicatum.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5698"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quicquid est hoc omnia animat, format, alit, auget, creat<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>,</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sepelit, <expan abbr="recipitq́">recipitque</expan>. </s> <s>in ſeſe omnia, <expan abbr="omniumq́">omniumque</expan>. </s> <s>idem est pater<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Indidemq́">Indidemque</expan>. </s> <s>eadem quę oriuntur, deintegro, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> eodem occidunt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>ita nulla fit acceſsio, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> deceſsio, ſed ipſe mundus, vt ita dixerim, ſe conſumptione, <expan abbr="ſenioq́">ſenioque</expan>. </s> <s>alit ſui, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5699"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>velut altera phœnix: cùm ipſe per ſeſe & patiatur, & faciat omnia; quapropter altero quod extra ſit <lb></lb>non eget; verùm ſe ipſe contentus eſt, ſibi ipſi cumulatè ſufficiens. </s> <s>Sed <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> mouentium principium <lb></lb>eſt ex illo fine ſupremo: veruntamen eminentiore modo, quàm illi doceant, qui ipſum <foreign lang="grc">δημιουργὸν</foreign>, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="opificẽ">opificem</expan> <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan>, in quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> cum Platone <expan abbr="cõſentit">conſentit</expan> Xenophon cęteroquin aduerſarius Platonis, qui <expan abbr="mũdum">mundum</expan> <lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">σοφοῦ τινός δημιουργοὺ καὶ φιλοζώου τέχγημα</foreign> ſcripſit; verùm hęc vox pręceptoris <expan abbr="coĩs">communis</expan>, Socratis inquàm, <lb></lb>habenda eſt: hi ſanè minuunt honores eius cauſſæ, & inferiore decorant titulo, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> tanto gubernatori <lb></lb>conueniat; <expan abbr="multoq́">multoque</expan>. </s> <s>melius ij fecerunt qui nomen optimi tribuerunt, ſic ſignificantes, & naturam <expan abbr="po-tentiſsimã">po<lb></lb>tentiſsimam</expan>, & <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> bonorum communicationem. </s> <s>Cùm verò ea quæ de efficientia Dei concluſa ſunt, <lb></lb><expan abbr="pietatẽ">pietatem</expan> Chriſtianam oppugnent; etiam pij viri officium fecero, ſi errores huius ſectæ ſignificem; pul<lb></lb>lulant verò ex communibus quibuſdam notionibus quas Peripatetici ſumpſerunt ex his quę apud nos <lb></lb>experti ſunt, & ad maieſtatem diuinam traduxerunt: accipiunt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> optimum non egere actionis. </s> <s>Nec <lb></lb>quicquam propter nos agere; nihil ex his ab eo reſpici; curam hanc illi futuram moleſtam: <expan abbr="efficientiã">efficientiam</expan> <lb></lb>cum labore, motu, & tranſmutatione materiæ, quæ fallacia ſunt: nam Deo qui <expan abbr="cũcta">cuncta</expan> poteſt quæ vult, <lb></lb>& propter nos eſſe voluit, ac cuncta intelligens, & volens per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> ſuam ex nihilo produxit; nullum <lb></lb>laborem moleſtiamúe efficientia potuit afferre, nec motus, tranſmutatioúe materiæ requiſita eſt, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5700"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quemadmodum cęli nunquam mouendo fatigantur, vt ipſi ferunt, quia non ſunt præditi poteſtate con<lb></lb>tradictionis, & materia quæ poſsit eſſe ſubſtantia; multò minus diuina numina efficiendo <expan abbr="fatigabũtur">fatigabuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>quia nullam materiam prorſus accipiunt, & quicquid efficiunt, per eſſentiam efficiunt. </s> <s>Quapropter ea <lb></lb>ſuper <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> tanta rerum moles extructa eſt in probabilibus numerari <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, <expan abbr="aliũde">aliunde</expan> <expan abbr="petẽda">petenda</expan> neceſsitas.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5699"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5700"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Multa de eo genere finis qui dicitur rei genitę, & cui; necnon ediſſeritur, vt homo ſit</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>omnium finis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>L<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>SED cùm inſtitutum noſtrum ſit hoc loco potiſsimum exponere, quemadmodum Deus ſit rerum <lb></lb>cauſſa; ac generatim decretum fuerit ipſum mouere vt finem, finis verò ſit multiplex, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>plu<lb></lb>ribus modis paretur; hæc vt probè teneantur redire iuuat ad vim finis perpendendam, & cuncta dili<lb></lb>gentius explicare. </s> <s>Porrò finis id obtinet generatim, vt ſit per ſe bonus, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>actus: cùm verò actus <lb></lb>ſit perfectio, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>per ſe expetenda, finis item cùm ſit perfectio, eſt per ſe <expan abbr="expetẽdus">expetendus</expan>. </s> <s>Actus autem cùm <lb></lb>perfectionis rationem præſeferat quibus modis contingit, aliquid eſſe imperfectum etiam ſequitur, vt <lb></lb>referatur ad actum. </s> <s>Imperfectum verò affert ſecum rationem poteſtatis, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> entis: quare quicquid <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5701"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſt imperfectum, idcirco eſt, quia vel poteſtas ipſa eſt, & non ens, vel ea participat. </s> <s>Materia poteſtas <lb></lb>eſt, & non ens; poteſtatem participat motus: etiam inferiora ſi conferantur cum ſuperioribus habent <lb></lb>vim non entis & poteſtatis, quatenus in illo ordine in quem referuntur, ſuperioris rationem <expan abbr="cõtinent">continent</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> materia tum perfecta eſt, cum adepta eſt actum qui eſt forma, quia tunc eſt, & motus, cùm con<lb></lb>ſequutus eſt terminum qui itidem eſt forma, & opponitur priuationi quæ ſemper adnexa eſt motui; <lb></lb>quare ſimul terminus eſt motus, & conſummatio materiæ. </s> <s>Quoniam verò potentia complectitur plu<lb></lb>res categorias, & in pluribus eſt motus, forma, & actus; etiam in ſingulis eſt ſuus <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> proprius, at<lb></lb>tamen <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſeparatus ab actu ſubſtantiæ: ex quo efficitur, vt <expan abbr="quãuis">quanuis</expan> ſit forma vniuersè finis tranſmuta<lb></lb>tionis, idem finis generationis appellari ſoleat. </s> <s>Sed etiam finis eſt rei quæ iam eſt, hoc eſt, cùm erupit è <lb></lb>gremio ſuarum <expan abbr="cauſsarũ">cauſsarum</expan> materię & efficientis: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ille vel extra id quod eſſe ſtatuimus vel in eo per<lb></lb>manens vt domus, aut eius forma quæ cùm ſit in mente artificis, in actu ponitur in lapidib. & materia. <lb></lb></s> <s>hæc quatenus eſt in animo mouet <expan abbr="phantaſiã">phantaſiam</expan>, ſeu mentem & voluntatem artificis ad ſeipſam <expan abbr="exhiben-dã">exhiben<lb></lb>dam</expan>; ex quo faciens quod erat in potentia faciendo efficitur in actu. </s> <s>quamobrem effectio eſt effectricis <lb></lb>potentiæ <expan abbr="cõplementum">complementum</expan>. </s> <s>Sed in re quæ fit, vt terminus generationis. </s> <s>Ita in actionibus, ſeu functioni<lb></lb>bus quod eſt in habitu erumpit in actum, tanquàm de poteſtate quadam ſecunda. </s> <s>Tametſi illa ſine <lb></lb>mutatione aliqua præſtari poſſe non videtur hæc per generationem cum forma contrahitur per ſe in <pb pagenum="1000"></pb>ſubiecto quod operatur; ex obice autem, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>pulſione per accidens. </s> <s>Atenim quotieſcunque agens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5702"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſiue <foreign lang="grc">ποιοὐν</foreign>, ſeu <foreign lang="grc">ἐνεργοῦν</foreign> acceperis, agit; ex natura ſe habet, hoc eſt bene. </s> <s>id <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt ſe habere ex natura <lb></lb>ſe habere. </s> <s>Sunt & aliqua externa quorum item duplex eſt differentia. </s> <s><expan abbr="Nanq.">Nanque</expan> aut ex ſeipſis bona <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt, verùm propter aliud ſolùm, vnde <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> mala eſſe poſſunt, quare poteſtates <expan abbr="appellãtur">appellantur</expan>, vt diuitię quo<lb></lb>rum bonitas in vſu conſiſtit, & ita ſeruus domino bonus eſt: ſunt & alia quæ ex ſeipſis ſunt bona; <lb></lb>quapropter <expan abbr="cõmunicant">communicant</expan> ſuam bonitatem. </s> <s>tales ſunt virtutes quibus nullo vnquam tempore malè vti <lb></lb>contingit: <expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> vti relatum eſt ad ea quorum nullum eſt ius, qualia ſunt inſtrumentum inanima, <lb></lb>& quales habentur ſerui: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ad eorum diſtinctionem dicitur imperium, ſic herus vtitur ſeruo, Rex <lb></lb>imperat ſubiectis. </s> <s>Hæc rurſus aut alij bona ſunt, vt demum bonitas quam alij communicent, in ſuum <lb></lb>beneficium redundet; hoc autem modo ſeruo dominus eſt bonus. </s> <s>Sunt & alia aliis bona, ſic tamen vt <lb></lb>nil commodi redeat ad ipſa. </s> <s>ea ratione liberalis & magnanimus boni ſunt amicis, & Rex ſubditis. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>copiis Imperator. </s> <s>etiam finis eſt, vt exemplar exempli, quia factum eſt <expan abbr="exemplũ">exemplum</expan> ad exemplaris imita<lb></lb>tionem. </s> <s>Proptereà, ſiquis explicare velit modos <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> comparatur finis, ad hæc capita perbellè refer<lb></lb>re poterit, aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> comparatur per motum, ſicuti finis generationis, & hoc eſt per participationem, & in<lb></lb>hęrentiam, aut operando. </s> <s>ſiue tranſmutando materiam, ſiue <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſine tranſmutatione materiæ. </s> <s>compa<lb></lb>ratur item per <expan abbr="habitũ">habitum</expan>, & poſſeſsionem vt ager, & ſeruus. </s> <s>demum per <expan abbr="imitationẽ">imitationem</expan>, quo <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> modo cupiens <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5703"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gratificari ſibi amaram, imitatur <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> quantum poteſt, & ſimulat ea ſibi placere quæ illi placent, diſcipu<lb></lb>lus imitando præceptorem fit doctus, & in natura quæ ſunt inferiora, cupiunt ſibi ineſſe illa bona quæ <lb></lb>ſunt in ſuperioribus eo modo quo licet, ſic ſuam conſecutura perfectionem. </s> <s>Hac igitur ratione res <lb></lb>imitantur Deum, & imitando <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> bonum, aut etiam beatitudinem conſequuntur. </s> <s>imitantur autem eſ<lb></lb>ſendo vniuerſa, agendo viuentia, intelligendo mentes, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> clarius, vel obſcurius. </s> <s>Commune <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>ſemper eſt <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> fini rei genitæ, vt reſpiciat vſum; tametſi hoc <expan abbr="cõtingit">contingit</expan> dupliciter, vel quae vtens vtatur pro<lb></lb>pter aliud, ſiue propter ſeipſum, & eiuſmodi ſunt inſtrumenta, ſiue animata, ſiue inanuna, vel quae com<lb></lb>modum conferat in id quo vtitur. </s> <s>vnde ei quo vtitur, <expan abbr="ingenerat̃">ingeneratur</expan> appetitus vtentis, quae inde ſibi eſt bene: <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> hic poſterior vſus admodùm improprius eſt, eò ſemper inclinante cogitatione noſtra, vt vius in <lb></lb>vtentis <expan abbr="cõmoda">commoda</expan> redundet; idcirco vtile, & vtilitas ab vſu deriuata. </s> <s>Sed eſt vſus & vtilitas item in iis <lb></lb>quibus vtimur: vnde poſitus eſt in actione quæ reſpicit <expan abbr="vtilitatẽ">vtilitatem</expan> generaliter, ſiue hæc vtilitas, & actio <lb></lb>ad vtens pertineat, ſiue ad id quo vtitur: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> alterius gratia non nihil agit, vt ipſi ſit bene, quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>manente eo bono ad quod affectat, <expan abbr="nilq́">nilque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan> agente conſequi contingit, vt nihil agente Rege, ego qui <lb></lb>bona ab ipſo impetrare cupio, ſcribens exerceor. </s> <s>Attamen, vt hic vſus improprius eſt, nihilominus eſt <lb></lb><expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> pręſtantiſsimus: vnde etiam Deus hoc modo vtitur <expan abbr="oĩbus">omnibus</expan> etenim & ſine ipſis eſt, & bene ſe ha<lb></lb>bet, cùm ſit optimus; at reliqua ſine illo, aut <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſunt, aut non bene. </s> <s>In hac ſerie natura <expan abbr="cõſtituit">conſtituit</expan> vniuerſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5704"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>illa <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> habent <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan>, & ius in aliquid; tametſi <expan abbr="imperantiũ">imperantium</expan> conditio non eſt æqualis; ſiquidem, quia <lb></lb>non ſunt abſoluta, & ex ſeipſis, dum ſic cęteris vtuntur, vt vtilitas ad ea pertineat <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> vtuntur; etiam <lb></lb>fit, vt iis vnà viciſsim propter ſe ipſa vtantur. </s> <s>Ecce meretrix amatur, amante vtitur, cùm ipſe quicquid <lb></lb>agat, idcirco agat, vt gratificetur amicæ, ſed & amica ab amante vult accipere argentum. </s> <s>idem præſtat <lb></lb>amicorum coniunctio; vinculum item inter ſeruum & dominum. </s> <s>Ergo Dei ſolius hoc eſt, cùm alio <lb></lb>non indigeat vti propter alterius, non ſui ipſius bonum. </s> <s>Anima ſic eſt finis, vt cuius, cùm ſit terminus <lb></lb>generationis non impeditus, vt cui, quia corpore vtitur, cùm vt ſit; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> forma, quæ erumpit ex pote<lb></lb>ſtate materiæ: tum etiam, vt ſit bene, quae vtitur corpore, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> inſtrumento ad faciendum ſuum munus: <lb></lb>eadem eſt finis cui, vt ab ipſa bene ſit corpori. </s> <s>Quamobrem ſic connexa ſunt anima & corpus, vt non <lb></lb>melius eius partes diſponi poterint, ſi muneribus animæ debeant inſeruire, nec vti melius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ſuam <lb></lb>tueri <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan>: nam cùm ſpiritus, & aër in ſuperiore loco ſeruentur; illa item animæ officia, quæ aërem, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſpiritumq́">ſpiritumque</expan>. </s> <s>flagitant, in loco ſuperiore præſtantur: cùm cibus etiam, & redundantiæ pondus habeant; <lb></lb>ſic ſoleis natura parauit membra, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> partes ſunt accipere cibum, & aditum præbere ſuperfluis, vt <lb></lb>in ea facillimè dilaberentur. </s> <s>Functio <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> finis eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vt terminus motus; quippe quae opera naturæ <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſolã">ſolam</expan> formam <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> perducatur; eſt igitur finis cui, & in ſeparatis à materia, cùm ab eſſentia non ſe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5705"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iugetur; idem iudicium de illa, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="eſsẽtia">eſsentia</expan> fiet. </s> <s>Nam de prima, ſtatuemus eſſe reliquorum finem. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>id neceſſariò; de inferioribus, vbi altera cum altera citra <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> conferatur, etſi ſuperior vtitur inferiore <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõmunicans">communicans</expan> aliquod bonum; cùm ſit, & intelligenda, & expetenda; mihi tamen placet hanc penden<lb></lb>tiam non eſſe <expan abbr="neceſſariã">neceſſariam</expan>, & ad eos accedo qui inter poſterioreis eum <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> <expan abbr="ponẽdum">ponendum</expan> eſſe arbitrantur <lb></lb>quem ſuprà deſcripſimus in numeris. </s> <s>In materia concretis cętera ſimilis eſt animæ: quandò non ſine <lb></lb>materia ſubſiſtit; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> compoſito tribui ſolet, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> bene ſe habet ſine ipſa: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ideò prominent au<lb></lb>res extra caput, cùm vt tegant, <expan abbr="tutenturq́">tutenturque</expan>. </s> <s>auditum, tum ne adiectæ voces prius quàm pellant ſenſum, <lb></lb>dilabantur <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vagentur, ſed etiam nec ſine officio <expan abbr="cõpoſitum">compoſitum</expan> bene ſe habet, vt pluribus antehac expo<lb></lb>ſuimus. </s> <s>Functionum, quæ pendent ex materia, maximè varia <expan abbr="nobiliſsimaq́">nobiliſsimaque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt humana. </s> <s>Hæc in <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> <lb></lb>dominatur, illi patet cęlum, cùm ſolus homo ex animantibus aſtrorum ortus, obitus, <expan abbr="curſuſq́">curſuſque</expan>. </s> <s>cogno<lb></lb>uerit, ipſe diem, menſem, & <expan abbr="annũ">annum</expan> fineirit, defectiones Solis & Lunæ prædixerit, ſtellarum vires ingenio <lb></lb>moderatus ſit, mox horum ope elatus ad Dei contemplationem, & abſtruiſsimas res acie mentis aſpe<lb></lb>xerit, & inde hauſerit pietatem, vnde omnis iuſtitia pendet; <expan abbr="aliæq́">aliæque</expan>. </s> <s>virtutes, ex his autem vita beata <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5706"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quæ eſt functio perfectiſsima, exiſtit vitæ Dei ſimilis, niſi quòd immortalitate cedit</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5701"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5702"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5703"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5704"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5705"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5706"></margin.target>a 1. Eth. <lb></lb>12. Met.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Is domuit terram ad fruges, animalia cepit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Impoſuitq́">Impoſuitque</expan>. </s> <s>viam ponto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & in vnum illum procreandum videtur omnem <pb pagenum="1001"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5707"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>operam contuliſſe natura; hæc ipſum celeritate mentis ornauit, ea <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſenſus tanquam ſatellites, ac <lb></lb>nuntios dedit, <expan abbr="figuramq́">figuramque</expan>. </s> <s>habilem, & <expan abbr="aptã">aptam</expan> humano tribuit ingenio. </s> <s>Quamobrem cùm humana functio <lb></lb>plura ſecum afferat, <expan abbr="eademq́">eademque</expan>. </s> <s>maxima bona; pluribus item indiguit adiumentis, cum, vt ſit, tum etiam, <lb></lb>vt bene habeat: proinde <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan> quodammodo finis eſſe perhibetur. </s> <s>igitur ei conſuluit natura, copioſiſ<lb></lb>ſimè, dum aliqua ipſi <expan abbr="ſpõte">ſponte</expan> largita eſt, <expan abbr="dumq́">dumque</expan>. </s> <s>etiam talem effecit, vt, quod natura præſtare poſſet, ipſe <lb></lb>ſibi ſuppeditaret. </s> <s>nam multa, quæ non ſolùm frugib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> bacis terræ fœtu profunduntur, ſed etiam pe<lb></lb>cudes <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fortuitò nata, ſed ad <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> <expan abbr="cõmoditates">commoditates</expan> conſultò <expan abbr="vidẽtur">videntur</expan> fuiſſe <expan abbr="cõceſſa">conceſſa</expan>, quae partim ad vſum, <lb></lb>partim ad fructum, partim ad veſcendum procreatæ fuerint. </s> <s>Homini elementa ſeruiunt, in quorum <lb></lb>apta compoſitione, & vſu maxima pars eſt poſita bona valetudinis; multis etiam plantis lapidib. <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>metallis medicę vires datæ ſunt ad <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> eius ſalutem, quæ ſi natura non perfecit; ratio naturam imitata <lb></lb>ſolerter conſecuta eſt: neque ſolùm ſibi parauit ea quæ ad vitam neceſſaria forent, ſed multa retulit ad <lb></lb>obiectationem: quare aptas, & multarum <expan abbr="artiũ">artium</expan> miniſtras manus habuit à natura, vt non iniuria <expan abbr="ſapiẽ-tiſsimus">ſapien<lb></lb>tiſsimus</expan> ex manu iudicatus fuerit à quodam philoſopho: nos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ad fructus percipiendos ex agris, nec <lb></lb>non ad decorem è terris metalla eruimus; nos <expan abbr="oĩ">omni</expan> materia & ad calefaciendum corpus, & ad cibos mol<lb></lb>liendos vtimur. </s> <s>nos nauigia fabricamus, vt eorum curſibus <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> ad vitam copiæ ſuppetant; <expan abbr="pluri-miſq́">pluri<lb></lb>miſque</expan>. </s> <s>marinis reb. frui, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vti liceat, quòd ſolus homo rerum violentiſsimarum maris, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="ventorũ">ventorum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5708"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>propter nauticæ rei ſcientiam potuit habere moderationem: nos domitu noſtro abutimur quadrupedi<lb></lb>bus & omni <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> materia quæ quoquomodo ſubiici poſsit artificio. </s> <s>Terrenorum item commodo<lb></lb>rum omnis eſt in homine dominatus. </s> <s>Idcirco & ſacræ litteræ, & diuino ſpiritu afflata Sybilla teſtatur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5707"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5708"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Omnia ad humanos vſus à Deo ſapientiſſimo condita<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἡμῖντε κτην́η ὑπέταξεν πάντα βροτοῖσιν<lb></lb> Πάντομ δὲ ἡγη πῆρα κατήστησεν θεοτεύκτον<lb></lb> Ἀνδρὶ δ' ὑπέταξεν παμπόικιλα ἠ οὐ καταληπτὰ</foreign>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> non natura humana plurimùm ſerua eſt, vt aliquando ſummus præceptor ſcripſiſſe videtur ex<lb></lb>tollens ſapientiæ <expan abbr="præſtantiã">præſtantiam</expan>, & hominem <expan abbr="humanũ">humanum</expan> (vt ſic dixerim) ſpectans. </s> <s>ſed <expan abbr="hoĩs">hominis</expan> abſolutè in plu<lb></lb>rimis ſerua eſt natura, cùm in <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> mortalia dominetur; diuina etiam ſibi ſupponit, & transfert ad ſuos <lb></lb>vſus: Omnis <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> natura in aliquod eius commodum cedit; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tamen, vt <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> perfectione vincatur: iam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5709"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>enim docuimus vſum non ſemper vtenti afferre præſtantiam, ſed illum ſolùm, quando facit vt vtatur; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5710"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>at vbi quo vtitur cùm ſit bonum per ſe ipſum, ſibi vtens bonum eſſe ſtudet, id quod vtitur eo quo vti<lb></lb>tur, imperfectius eſt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> verò etiam ſi veſtis ſit ad id inſtituta, quòd habenti ſit bene; habente perfe<lb></lb>ctior exiſtimanda eſt, quia per ſe non eſt bona, ſed id quod obtinuit boni eſt ad alterum, ac fit ex vſu <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5711"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bona: atqui de Deo ad <expan abbr="hoĩem">hominem</expan> non ita cenſendum, quòd Deus per ſe non ad alterum ſit bonus. </s> <s>Hoc <lb></lb>imperium in reliqua <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> glorioſum, <expan abbr="ſuiq́">ſuique</expan>. </s> <s>ipſius amore excęcatum ſic inflauit, vt caput extolleret, <lb></lb>& nemini <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> ſe eſſe vellet, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita, vt quemadmodum impij Titanes aduerſus Deos <expan abbr="pugnã">pugnam</expan> mo<lb></lb>liri non vereatur: quaſi verò natura in omneis æquè benigna fuerit, nec ſeruum <expan abbr="quenq̃">quenquam</expan> eſſe voluerit, <lb></lb>aut dominum. </s> <s>Vt igitur natura <expan abbr="pręſtãtes">pręſtantes</expan> ſunt ingenio, fortitudine, prudentia; fulti nobilitate, opibus, <lb></lb>clientelis, & beneficijs in <expan abbr="hoĩes">homines</expan> collatis; ita etiam cęteris eos dominari fas eſt, & inferiores ſponte ſupe<lb></lb>rioribus obedire: proinde hominum fama gratiarum memor Herculem numerat in cęleſtibus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> <lb></lb>hæc ratio <expan abbr="Xenophõtem">Xenophontem</expan> Socratis <expan abbr="diſcipulũ">diſcipulum</expan>, & æmulum Platonis induxit, vt, cùm anteà nihil difficilius <lb></lb>iudicaret, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> habere in homines imperium; ſiquidem multò maiore facilitate præeſſent paſtores <expan abbr="armẽ-tis">armen<lb></lb>tis</expan>, & eorum fructibus abuterentur; nec vlla beſtia <expan abbr="cõperta">comperta</expan> ſit, quæ dominatum paſtoris aliquando re<lb></lb>cuſarit, aut in <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <expan abbr="vnq̃">vnquam</expan> inſurrexerit, aut vſum <expan abbr="fructuũ">fructuum</expan> negauerit; quin & difficiliores in alienigenas <expan abbr="oẽs">omnes</expan> <lb></lb>ſe præſtatent, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in hos quos pręſides haberent, & fructus ab ipſis abſtraherent; homo contrà in <expan abbr="nemi-nẽ">nemi<lb></lb>nem</expan> magis, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> in illum inſurgeret, quem aduerſus ſeſe <expan abbr="imperiũ">imperium</expan> moliri præſentiſceret: is poſteà <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> <lb></lb>mutarit, cùm viderit Cyro multos populos, qui ad occaſum & <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan> etiam per <expan abbr="pluriũ">plurium</expan> menſium iter di<lb></lb>ſtarent, paruiſſe non inuitos. </s> <s>Idipſum reges Deo ſimiles reddit: quippe quae vbi obedientia, nullus adſit <lb></lb>labor mouentis; quare nec Deum labor attingit; cùm omnes naturæ numini diuino, <expan abbr="cęlũ">cęlum</expan>, ignis, terra, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5712"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mare pareant. </s> <s>Itaque non iniuria cum Paomnonem AEgypti philoſophum Alexander audiſſet; illud <lb></lb>maximè probaſſe fertur, quòd diceret omnes homines eſſe ſub imperio Dei; principatum verò obtine<lb></lb>re, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> imperare diuinum quiddam eſſe confirmaret.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5709"></margin.target>a 1. Met.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5710"></margin.target>b 1. Polit. <lb></lb>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5711"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5712"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>An'ne mala ab vniuerſi ordine arceantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LI.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VERVMENIMVERO, vt id docere poſsimus, ſit'ne malum ex hoc ordine expungendum; <lb></lb>an'ne & in ipſo habeat <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, ad eius eſſentiam explicandam nos conuertamus, vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> in reliquis eſ<lb></lb>ſentia perſpecta <expan abbr="viã">viam</expan> recludet ad omneis dubitationeis tollendas; ita & in noſtræ quæſtionis explicatu <lb></lb>continget. </s> <s>Vt autem certa via, & ratione ſermo procedat; indicabimus primùm, quid ſit illud, quod <lb></lb>mali <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> ſignificatur, quod ad <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> rei pertinet informationem: an'ne ſit, quid ſit; quotuplex, ad <expan abbr="ex-tremũ">ex<lb></lb>tremum</expan> habeat'ne aliquem vſum. </s> <s>Nos autem, vt à primo exordiar, ſicuti <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> illud reputamus, quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> conſeruat, aut conſeruare videtur, & illud bonum ſimpliciter, hoc apparens ſtatuimus, & quòd <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, exoptamus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> perſequimur: ſic contrà id malum eſſe animo anticipauimus, quod naturam <lb></lb>peruertit, aut <expan abbr="videt̃">videtur</expan> peruertere, & ita verè <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan>, aut ſimulatè facimus; <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>repudiatur, & quatenus <lb></lb><expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan>; nullo modo expetitur, ſed, quantum fieri poteſt, depellitur: & declinatur proinde mala in natu <pb pagenum="1002"></pb>ra priuationes, & interitus, in corpore animantis morbi, in animo flagitia ſolent eſſe moleſta, & odio<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5713"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſa: nam quicquid eſt, expetit eſſe, & valetudo ſummis votis optatur, ſcelera etiam <expan abbr="abominãtur">abominantur</expan> ij qui <lb></lb>verè <expan abbr="hoĩes">homines</expan> ſunt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item illi qui patrant, vt ſi <expan abbr="regnũ">regnum</expan> ac diuitias & <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> <expan abbr="potentiã">potentiam</expan> ſe adipiſci ſine cede <expan abbr="ra-piniſq́">ra<lb></lb>piniſque</expan>. </s> <s>poſſe ſperarent, ab iis abſtinerent. </s> <s>Hoc ergo malum dicitur, quod <expan abbr="vnumquodq.">vnumquodque</expan> declinat, <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>illius <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> corrumpens. </s> <s>Huiuſmodi <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> eſſe nemo ambigit in <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> natura: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & feræ <expan abbr="quæ-dã">quæ<lb></lb>dam</expan> atrociſsimæ, & hominum generi infenſiſsimæ ſunt, & venena, & tyranni ſæuiſsimi, <expan abbr="homineſq́">homineſque</expan>. </s> <s>ſan<lb></lb>guinarij, & truculenti, nec non monſtra, ac generatim, vt inquit Euripides.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5713"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο χωρὶς ἐσθλα καὶ κακὰ</foreign>. </s> <s>i.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> ſeparari bona <expan abbr="poſsũt">poſsunt</expan> à malis, &, vt eſt in prouerbio, In cyttaro <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ineſt aliquid mali; tametſi <lb></lb><expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> animal in aquis eo ſuauius, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> illud quæritur ſit'ne malum ſimpliciter, ſed, ſit'ne in earum <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>ordine quas à Deo gradib. <expan abbr="quibuſdã">quibuſdam</expan> pendêre docuimus; an'ne ex illo ordine pellatur; ſicuti <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> ſuprà <lb></lb>monſtra ex ordine naturæ pepulimus. </s> <s>Exitus huius quæſtionis ab eſſentia petendus eſt. </s> <s>At verò hîc <lb></lb>diſtinguere oportet: nam <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> & malum accipiuntur, velut attributa ſubſtantiæ <expan abbr="cuiuſdã">cuiuſdam</expan>, vel habetur <lb></lb><expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> ſubſtantiæ cui tribuitur: <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> attributum, vel ſeorſum pertinet ad <expan abbr="categoriã">categoriam</expan> qualitatis, vnde virtus <lb></lb><expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> & vitium malum, ac bona, <expan abbr="malaq́">malaque</expan>. </s> <s>valetudo, aut etiam <expan abbr="cõmuniter">communiter</expan> accipitur, & <expan abbr="oẽm">omnem</expan> categoriam <lb></lb>peruagatur, quaſi ipſius entis aſſecla; nihilominus vbique refert <expan abbr="imaginẽ">imaginem</expan> qualitatis, & ſubſtantia ipſa <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5714"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bona eſt, de qua <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> prędicamus; ea verò, vel ex ſe eſt, vel alterius acceſsione, quod eſt ex ſeipſo <expan abbr="bo-nũ">bo<lb></lb>num</expan>; veluti ſunt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> quæ ex actu <expan abbr="potentiaq́">potentiaque</expan>. </s> <s>conſtant. </s> <s>Ergo & totidem ferè modis <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan> ſe habere con<lb></lb>tingit; habet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> oppoſiti ſpeciem: verùm, ſi vnum ex his eſt multiplex; <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> multiplex ſit ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt, ſed illud <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> contrarium quod in prædicamento continetur: etenim contraria ſub <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> ge<lb></lb>nere collocata maximè diſiunguntur, illud quod per vniuerſa pertinet; etiam <expan abbr="quomodocunq̨">quomodocunque</expan> <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> <lb></lb>ſubit oppoſiti; <expan abbr="ſiquidẽ">ſiquidem</expan> in <expan abbr="entiũ">entium</expan> ſerie maximè diſtat à bono <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan>; at tertio illi, quod eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> per <expan abbr="eſſen-tiã">eſſen<lb></lb>tiam</expan>, nihil planè aduerſatur; eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt fert ſchola Platonis, <foreign lang="grc">ὑπερούσιον</foreign> .i. </s> <s>ſupra ſubſtantiam, itaque malum <lb></lb>ab eo potius <expan abbr="alienũ">alienum</expan> dici debet, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> contrarium: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> reperitur, quod æquè poſsit, <foreign lang="grc">ἰσοδυναμὶα</foreign><lb></lb>verò .i. </s> <s>vires æquales, vnum eſt è <expan abbr="cõtrariorum">contrariorum</expan> attributis. </s> <s>Cùm igitur ea quę talia ſunt per participatio<lb></lb>nem, pendeant ex his quæ ſunt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan> per eſſentiam; rerum <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> poſtulat, vt intendamus conſiderationem <lb></lb><expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> in ea quæ per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> bona, malaúe ſunt. </s> <s>Quamobrem id quæritur, ſit'ne in ordine rerum <expan abbr="ma-lũ">ma<lb></lb>lum</expan>, quod eſt per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, & quod' nam ſit. </s> <s>Vt hæc ſuccedant, <expan abbr="trãſeamus">tranſeamus</expan> ad bonum. </s> <s>Bonum profectò, <lb></lb>ſi conſulas effectum, illud eſt, quod eſt ex <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> natura, & per ſe <expan abbr="expetẽdum">expetendum</expan> eſt: veruntamen intrin<lb></lb>ſecus & per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> eſt energia, ſiue entelechia <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>, atque perfectio, & illa quidem ſimpliciſsima; <lb></lb>idcirco etiam prima, tum ne ſit progreſſus in infinitum, tum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, quòd reliqua ab illa ſint; aliud <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eſt <lb></lb>eſſe ſimplex àc primum, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ſignificat <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> & <expan abbr="habitudinẽ">habitudinem</expan>, vel <expan abbr="priuantẽ">priuantem</expan>, quae nihil ante ſe habeat; <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5715"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vel <expan abbr="poſitiuã">poſitiuam</expan>, quae habeat aliud infra ſe, illud <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> naturæ & <expan abbr="eſsẽtię">eſsentię</expan> repręſentat: <expan abbr="vtrunq.">vtrunque</expan> verò <expan abbr="neceſſa-riũ">neceſſa<lb></lb>rium</expan> eſt in eo quod eſt per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>; quia, niſi tale eſſet, & <expan abbr="cõpoſitũ">compoſitum</expan> foret, & per <expan abbr="participationẽ">participationem</expan>; nos <lb></lb><expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> id quærimus, quod eſt tale per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>. </s> <s>idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit actus oportet; nam, niſi foret actus; ab alio <lb></lb><expan abbr="deducendũ">deducendum</expan> eſſet ad <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, ſiue primus ille foret, ſeu ſecundus: ita <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimpliciter ſimplex, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ſimpli<lb></lb>citer primus, vt vult eſſe id quod eſt per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan> bonum: cùm ſit in eo gradu perfectionis, vt actus per <lb></lb>ſe ſit; <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> pulcherrimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="hucuſq.">hucuſque</expan> ſe fundit eſſentia: nunc velut vmbra conſequitur, ab omnibus <lb></lb>expeti, quae inde <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> naſcatur: non ita ſanè, vt credas id ad eius eſſentiæ <expan abbr="perfectionẽ">perfectionem</expan> pertinere, <lb></lb>& ob id <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> bonitatem, quia ſit <expan abbr="cõmunicabilis">communicabilis</expan>, aliis afferre <expan abbr="neceſsitatẽ">neceſsitatem</expan> vt ſint, vt ea bonitas <expan abbr="cõmunicari">communicari</expan> <lb></lb>queat; aliter fore imperfectam, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>ſic ſtruere rationem. </s> <s>Si Deus eſt, & cętera ſunt. </s> <s>Verùm nobis, <lb></lb>ſi audimus Ariſtotelem, <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan> fabricanda eſt aliter. </s> <s>Si cętera ſunt, & Deus eſt. </s> <s>iam <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> docuimus, Deum eſſe <lb></lb><expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, quod ſine alio ſubſiſtit; reliqua verò ex tali principio pendêre, & ab ipſo quoquo pacto ſuam <lb></lb>ducere perfectionem. </s> <s>Quare, quae alia ſunt, quæ imperfecta ſunt, ab ipſo ſuam <expan abbr="bonitatẽ">bonitatem</expan> mutuant; ideò <lb></lb>referuntur ad illud; illis eſt bene: nihil illi ſummo bono accedit, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſe res habet, vt ſi Piſas veniat <lb></lb>M. Etrurię Dux: non <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> id facit in noſtram <expan abbr="gratiã">gratiam</expan>, ſed, vt ſibi ipſi placeat tantùm: ex eo, quae venit, <expan abbr="vnuſ-quiſq.">vnuſ<lb></lb>quiſque</expan> lętatur: mercator, qui inde ſperat <expan abbr="lucrũ">lucrum</expan>; inops, vt imploret <expan abbr="opẽ">opem</expan>, nos vt eius iucundiſsimo aſpe<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5716"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ctu fruamur. </s> <s>In ipſo Magno Duce ſua perfectio ineſt, quæ nil aliud reſpicit, quòd nobis <expan abbr="communicet̃">communicetur</expan>, <lb></lb>ex nobis eſt, qui id quod per ſe perfectum <expan abbr="bonumq́">bonumque</expan>. </s> <s>eſt, bonum eſſe nobis optamus. </s> <s>Hoc, quia ſum<lb></lb>mum <expan abbr="oĩum">omnium</expan>, & finis eſt, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> menſura. </s> <s>Ab hoc omnium maximo interuallo diſtat alterum <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <lb></lb>quod per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> infinitum eſt, omni menſura vacans, ex toto imperfectum, nihil habens actus: quare <lb></lb>nulli ex petendum, ſed contrà expetens cuncta, cùm ita ſit, eſt neceſſariò non ens: verumeninuero, etſi <lb></lb>non ens eſt, non eſt propter adnexam <expan abbr="priuationẽ">priuationem</expan>, quia per ſe poteſtas eſt: attamen, quia nullum eſt eius <lb></lb><expan abbr="officiũ">officium</expan> in natura ſine priuatione; hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa eſt appetitus in materia, vnde eius ſtimulis incitata pro<lb></lb>pendet ad actum, inde efficitur vt vnà priuatio cum poteſtate numeretur. </s> <s>infra hæc nihil eſt, ſed omne <lb></lb>eſt eius negatio, quod eſt, nec intra limites naturæ comprehenditur. </s> <s>Inter hæc duo principia mediæ <lb></lb><expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> naturæ <expan abbr="intercedũt">intercedunt</expan>, quæ Deo appropinquant, quòd actus <expan abbr="quidã">quidam</expan> ſunt, quia tamen aliquid <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> <lb></lb>adnexum non entis, cùm ſint infra <expan abbr="ſummũ">ſummum</expan>, vel propter materiæ ſocietatem, aliquid imperfectionis ob<lb></lb>tinent. </s> <s>Sed ad materiam <expan abbr="poteſtatemq́">poteſtatemque</expan>. </s> <s>reuertamur, cùm ſit, qualem nos <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> deſcripſimus; nihil habet <lb></lb>in ſe boni; verùm non idcirco bonum auerſatur, ſed accipit varia bona. </s> <s>Quapropter triplex bonum <lb></lb>ex hac ſerie colligitur. </s> <s>Primum eſt, quod ſimpliciter eſt huiuſmodi, & per <expan abbr="eſſentiã">eſſentiam</expan>, nec ab altero pen<lb></lb>dens. </s> <s>alterum, quod per ſe <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> eſt bonum, ſed ex alio pendet. </s> <s>ac tertium, quod ex ſe bonum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt, <lb></lb>ſed tamen aliorum bonorum <expan abbr="cõpos">compos</expan> eſſe poteſt. </s> <s>Ergo malum <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> ſimpliciter, peſsimum <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan>, quod <pb pagenum="1003"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5717"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>materia ſit, quòd hæc ex ſeipſa carens omni <expan abbr="rõne">ratione</expan> boni; boni tamen ſit capax, ac ſine ipſa multa alia bo<lb></lb>na non exiſtant, propter adiectam priuationem, vnde aſſecuta eſt appetitum ad nouas formas, & pro<lb></lb>penſionem, <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> adducta cum forma ad conſtitutionem <expan abbr="cõpoſiti">compoſiti</expan> copuletur: ideò Plato ab Ariſt. </s> <s>caſti<lb></lb>gatus, quòd priuationem deſpexerit, ac ſi foret, <foreign lang="grc">κακοποιὸν</foreign>, licèt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſit non ens; nihilominus in bonum <lb></lb>contendit. </s> <s>Ergo non malum ſimpliciter, nec vniuersè, ſed mala exiſtunt aliqua ex parte ſolùm, quia .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s>huic mala, non illi, & mala <expan abbr="deniq.">denique</expan> parti, non toti: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> toti malum eſſe poteſt, cùm totum ex malo <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſingulorũ">ſingulorum</expan> adhuc conſeruetur: vt, ſi interit ignis, oritur terra, quod eſt bonum, aut etiam malum propter <lb></lb>aliud, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illud <expan abbr="quidẽ">quidem</expan> bonum, vt formæ eſſe <expan abbr="diuiduã">diuiduam</expan> materię priuilegio; nam, quanuis ſit ad interitum <lb></lb>formæ; in alterius ortum nihilominus inſtituitur. </s> <s>Itaque malum per eſſentiam ſimpliciter non eſt, ſed <lb></lb>quod eſt ſummè <expan abbr="malũ">malum</expan>, eſt <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> & materia, ſeu poteſtas, in qua priuatio reſidet; vnde titulum <lb></lb>mali accepit: attamen in ordine rerum, nil magis alienum eſt ab illo, vt cùm ab eo deflectatur; nil in <lb></lb>vniuerſo reperiri queat, in quo bonitas diuina minus eluceat. </s> <s>Proptereà non malè ij qui malum di<lb></lb>xerunt eſſe caſum & deuiationem <foreign lang="grc">περασσιροπὴν</foreign>, aut <foreign lang="grc">περυπόστασιν</foreign> extremam à ſummo bono. </s> <s>Hoc <lb></lb>aut cum entibus vniuersè, aut cum certo <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> genere comparatur. </s> <s>Si Deum reſpexeris, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> neceſſarium: <lb></lb>etenim illud ſine cęteris eſſe <expan abbr="põt">potest</expan>, vnde ita ratio concludetur. </s> <s>Si malum eſt, bonum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> eſſe oportet: <lb></lb>non contrà, ſi bonum ſit; malum <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> neceſſariò futurum. </s> <s>ſi verò malum referatur ad formas mate<lb></lb>riatas; in eo rurſus animaduertere licet ordinem, vel naturæ, vel originis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ordo originis eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5718"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſine ipſo nulla forma exiſtat: ergo neceſſarium eſt ex hypotheſi malum; immò quia ſic eſt, etiam mul<lb></lb>ta bona ſunt in natura, prout .ſ. </s> <s>variis modis bonitas diuina materiæ <expan abbr="cõmunicat̃">communicatur</expan>, ſed ordine naturæ, cùm <lb></lb>talia bona poſsint eſſe, talis <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ſit caſus oportet, quem philoſophi potiſsimè reſpicientes inſtituunt <lb></lb>materias ad formas. </s> <s>Quocirca malum nonnullius, ſed plurimi vſus in natura, & ordine rerum; quare <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> expetitur, ſed propter aliud, quod ſit <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan>, aut quae videatur bonum, aut fortè quòd minus <lb></lb>malum: nam minus malum ad maius obtinet inſtar boni: quanquam hęc fortaſſe nihil ad naturam. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="Ideòq́">Ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>optimè quidem ille qui bonorum <expan abbr="malorumq́">malorumque</expan>. </s> <s>miſcellam quandam eſſe prædicauit.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5714"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5715"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5716"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5717"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5718"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><foreign lang="grc">Ἃμὴ γὰρ ἐστι τῷ πένητι, πλούσιοσ<lb></lb> Δίδωσιν, ἃ δ' οἱ πλουτοῦντες οὐ κεκτήμενα, <lb></lb> Τοῖσι πένησῖ χρώμενοι τιμώμεθα</foreign>. </s> <s>i.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Quæ <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pauper non habet, diues dat, quæ verò diuites <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſsidemus, pauperibus vtentes honoramur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quapropter aut bonum <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> malo habendum eſt, aut illud cum hoc <expan abbr="amittendũ">amittendum</expan>. </s> <s>tum his igitur eſt quid<lb></lb>dam mali, ſed bonum, quod eſt quæſitum meo, ſine iſto malo non haberemus: proptereà, quia plus <lb></lb>ſemper eſt in natura boni <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> mali, non repudiamus malum quod in hæret in bono. </s> <s>Quæ cùm ſint, patet <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5719"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> malum non arceri ab ordine eorum quæ ſunt: ſicut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materia eſt terminus alter huius ordinis; <lb></lb>ſic & malum. </s> <s>Verùm quia monſtra à nobis in malis numerata fuerunt, <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> ex ordine naturæ prorſus <lb></lb>expulſa; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> mala ſimpliciter reputata; quippe nec per ſe bona ſint, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ad aliud <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> inſtituta; <lb></lb><expan abbr="qũo">quoniam</expan> hæc noſtra cum illis conſiſtent, quę de monſtris anteà decreta ſunt? </s> <s>aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> malum ſimpliciter erit <lb></lb>in natura, aut ſi nihil eſt <expan abbr="hũi">huiuſmodi</expan>, & in natura ſunt monſtra; ea mala non erunt, quid de vitiis <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> dicemus? <lb></lb></s> <s>quæ tamen frequentiſsima ſunt. </s> <s>An hîc aliud dicemus, dum quęrimus <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> rerum ſimpliciter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>aliud, dum agimus de rebus naturalibus, ſunt ea planè mala in natura; ſed, vt ea quæ ſimpliciter ſint; <lb></lb>non mala: aliquid <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt. </s> <s>Vel etiam melius, vt opinor, mala ſunt ex ordine naturæ, vel prorſus inor<lb></lb>dinata & temere cadentia: nos autem mala quæ ſunt ordinata in hac rerum ſerie collocamus; monſtra <lb></lb>verò & vitia ſunt mala quæ funditùs ordine carent: ideò non malè à nobis hæc mala ex ordine rerum <lb></lb>arcebuntur.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5719"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vniuerſalium & primarum cauſſarum munera explicantur. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>QVAE hactenus expoſita ſunt, nos ad ſupremas omnium rerum cauſſas euexerunt, & maximè <expan abbr="cõ-munes">con<lb></lb>munes</expan>, quæ ſunt Deus & cœlum: nunc quae ſunt primæ rerum cauſſæ, <expan abbr="maximeq́">maximeque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan>, ac re<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5720"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>motæ, & agendo <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> aliarum <expan abbr="interuentũ">interuentum</expan> flagitant; ſiquidem <expan abbr="oĩs">omnis</expan> actio naturalis contactu fiat; his quę <lb></lb>nunc agimus, valde aptum erit, ſi doceamus, quæ'nam ſint munera cauſſarum <expan abbr="communiũ">communium</expan>, & <expan abbr="quemad-modũ">quemad<lb></lb>modum</expan> reliquis vtantur: <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>. </s> <s>præſertim, quòd multum valere poterunt ad pellendas è <expan abbr="Peripateticorũ">Peripateticorum</expan> <lb></lb>ſcholis opiniones <expan abbr="quaſdã">quaſdam</expan> peregrinas, quæ cum de vi cauſſarum <expan abbr="cõmunium">communium</expan> ſeorſum, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> de virtute for<lb></lb>marum defendi <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> conſuerunt. </s> <s>Vt verò queant <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> ritè <expan abbr="cõfici">confici</expan>, primùm explicare oportet, cùm <lb></lb>cauſſa <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan> illa ſit quæ pertinet per plures effectus, <expan abbr="quemadmodũ">quemadmodum</expan> affecta ſit ad ſingulos, & in <expan abbr="cu-iuſq́">cu<lb></lb>iuſque</expan>. </s> <s><expan abbr="productionẽ">productionem</expan> concurrat: deinde an, ſicut eſt cauſſa <expan abbr="cõmunis">communis</expan>, generatim'ne reſpiciat ſingulos, hoc <lb></lb>eſt, conſeruata ſua <expan abbr="cõmunitate">communitate</expan>, an potius aliquam <expan abbr="præfinitionẽ">præfinitionem</expan> præſeferat, & eſto, quae præfinita ſit, vn<lb></lb>de'nam accipiatur hæc præfinitio. </s> <s>Cùm item cauſſa communis in aliquo ordine prima ſit, vel ordine <lb></lb>tantùm, vel origine & natura; quæ'nam principatus ratio <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> debeatur, quid ſeorſum <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> tribuat <lb></lb>poſterioribus, quam vim. </s> <s>Etiam cùm poſteriora ſint vel effectus, vel media; quid commodet cum ef<lb></lb>fectibus, tum item mediis, & quid quæque media præſtent, habent'ne vim <expan abbr="quandã">quandam</expan>, an, vt ab alio mota <lb></lb><expan abbr="moueãt">moueant</expan>, nihil ex ſe ipſis effectui conferentia. </s> <s>Porrò cauſſarum concurſus multiplex eſſe videtur: aut <lb></lb>enim commodat aliquid vel officij, vt miniſter architecto, dum ſeruit, vel imperando, & dirigendo, vt <lb></lb>miniſtro architectus, vel partis, vt <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> mixto, vel actus, vt forma compoſito, vel ſubſtantiæ ſicut <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>Prætereà vel plura ius habent in totum <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan>, licèt non æqualiter, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel ſubordinatè, <pb pagenum="1004"></pb>velut emptor & proxeneta ſtudent emptioni, emptio <expan abbr="vtriq.">vtrique</expan> propoſita eſt, <expan abbr="vterq.">vterque</expan> laborat, vt emptio con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5721"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ficiatur, vt bene eueniat: ſed emptor eſt emptionis cauſſa præcipua; proxeneta verò ſecunda, quæ non <lb></lb>laboraret, niſi moueretur ab altera. </s> <s>non ſic orator & procurator in lite, quod hic ea prouideret, quę in <lb></lb>ſumptum facerent, ille <expan abbr="cauſsã">cauſsam</expan> diceret, & pro rata portione <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> ageret eiuſdem negocij parteis ſepa<lb></lb>ratas, vel ita ſe res habet, vt aliquid adhęreat cauſſæ <expan abbr="tanq̃">tanquam</expan> conſequens, velut vmbra corpori, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> id vel <lb></lb>certum eſt, ac ſecundùm cauſſæ <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & effectus, vel incertum, & fortuitum, vt dum hoc agitur, aliud <lb></lb><expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> tempore ſuccedat, vel externum ſit <expan abbr="oĩno">omnino</expan>, & præter naturam, vel ex euento. </s> <s>Concurritur item vel <lb></lb>cum variis cauſſarum generib. vel cum cauſsis <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> ordinis, etenim ad equum <expan abbr="procreãdum">procreandum</expan> ſtatuitur <lb></lb>finis equi forma, efficiens adſit oportet, ac materia. </s> <s>Rurſus materia ſunt elementa, partes vniformes, <lb></lb><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> difformes: & Sol & equus generant equum: Concurſus etiam fit per media, vel ſine mediis: ac <lb></lb>ſine medio quidem, & cùm ex materia & forma conſtitutum eſt vnum; per media vel externa, vt dum <lb></lb>res fit, per finem, & efficiens; hæc <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> materiam cum forma copulant, per interna, vt per priuationem, <lb></lb>& præuias affectiones: omnes <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> referuntur ad materiam, velut illius apparatus. </s> <s>Nec non vbi media <lb></lb>requirantur, aut eorum proprius eſt quidam motus, vt etiamſi ab alio moueantur; aliquid tamen <expan abbr="faciãt">faciant</expan> <lb></lb>ex ſe ipſis, aut ex ſe ipſis moueri nequeunt, ſed tantum faciunt, quantum aguntur ab alio, prioris ordi<lb></lb>nis illa ſunt quæ mouentur à fine; nam cùm ipſe maneat immobilis; excitantur ad eum <expan abbr="conſequendũ">conſequendum</expan> <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5722"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>faber & miniſter qui auxiliatur fabro: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouerentur ex ſe ipſis, vt niſi ibi finis inſtaret, qui per<lb></lb>petuò <expan abbr="bonũ">bonum</expan> pollicetur, & niſi ſæpius faber vrgeret; ociarentur planè, ſed tamen per ſe ipſa mouent ali<lb></lb>quid; qui bonam valetudinem expetit, accipit medicamenta, ſuſtinet <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>, & ferrum; viuit ex præſcri<lb></lb>pto: certis temporibus ambulat, & miniſter terebrat, polit; quæ ſunt <expan abbr="oĩa">omnia</expan> poſita in iis quæ mouentur à <lb></lb>fine; <expan abbr="tñ">tantum</expan> & ipſa aliquid pręſtant, <expan abbr="terebellũ">terebellum</expan> & dolabra per ſe non mouentur, nec <expan abbr="quicq̃">quicque</expan> <expan abbr="agũt">agunt</expan> ex ſe ipſis; <expan abbr="ve-rũ">ve<lb></lb>rum</expan> aliena virtute prædita: nihil <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> intra ſe habent eius <expan abbr="rõnis">rationis</expan>, quę <expan abbr="cõicanda">conicanda</expan> eſt materiæ; non appetunt <expan abbr="fi-nẽ">fi<lb></lb>nem</expan>, licèt eius gratia ſint: quare hæc inſtrumenta ſimpliciter habenda ſunt, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> vnà operantur, & rei facien<lb></lb>dæ <expan abbr="rõnẽ">rationem</expan> continent, & <expan abbr="appetitũ">appetitum</expan> finis habent; cauſſas ſecundas libenter appellauerim. </s> <s>Pone tibi ante ocu<lb></lb>los conſultorem & conſultum, venditorem & <expan abbr="proxenetã">proxenetam</expan>, <expan abbr="ſcriptorẽ">ſcriptorem</expan> & <expan abbr="calamũ">calamum</expan>: non mouet <expan abbr="quiq̃">quiquam</expan>, neque <lb></lb>proxeneta, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> conſultus, niſi <expan abbr="moueat̃">moueatur</expan> hic à conſulente, ille verò à venditore, non mouet <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> calamus, ni<lb></lb>ſi agatur à ſcribente, ſed in calamo nulla ſcribendi <expan abbr="rõ">ratio</expan>, tota in ſcribente: in <expan abbr="cõſulto">conſulto</expan> & proxeneta ſpecies eſt <lb></lb>eiuſdem negocij, vel partis quæ eſt in vendente, & conſultore. </s> <s>At malus calamus male ſcribit: ergo <lb></lb>per ſe agit. </s> <s>An malè eſt ex materia, & præter naturæ ordinem; benè eſt ex arte <expan abbr="cauſſaq́">cauſſaque</expan>. </s> <s>præſtantiore; <lb></lb>hoc agere, illud non agere, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> priuatio. </s> <s>Nec tibi moleſtiam afferat quòd inſtrumenta referantur ad ef<lb></lb>ficientes cauſſas, quaſi non ſeparentur à cauſsis ſecundis; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> aut Ariſtoteles inſtrumentorum <expan abbr="noĩe">nomine</expan> <lb></lb>cauſſas ſecundas complecti voluit, ſignificans ea moueri primis, aut ſic accipiamus inſtrumenta referri <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5723"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ad efficientia, non quia ſint cauſſæ per ſe, ſed efficientis ipſius conditiones: quaſi non poſsit haberi effi<lb></lb>ciens, ſi deſit inſtrumentum. </s> <s>Aut quòd in inſtrumento vel cauſſa ſecunda duo ſpectentur, quae habeant <lb></lb>vim immutandi per ſe, veluti calor calefaciendi, aut quòd habeant vim hoc vel illo modo præſtandi <lb></lb>ſuum munus; illud primum ſanè eſſe naturæ <expan abbr="cauſſæq́">cauſſæque</expan>. </s> <s>ſecundæ, hoc eſſe artis, aut alterius ſuperioris fa<lb></lb>cultatis, vt animę dirigentis, & attemperantis: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> hoc nomine perhiberi inſtrumentum. </s> <s>quandoque <lb></lb>etiam fit, vt inſtrumentum ſimul ſit per quod res agitur, & officium fit, idem quoque ſit pars rei quæ <lb></lb>facta eſt. </s> <s>talem profeſſus eſt eſſe calorem Philoſophus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> etiam vbi inſtrumentum non ſit ſepara<lb></lb>bile, non eſt abſurdum, ſi accipiatur eo nomine in definitione, quatenus eſt materiæ pars, id euenit in <lb></lb>verſu ad poëma, in arcu ad ſagittarium; cùm verò pars eſt, iam degenerare videtur in cauſſam <expan abbr="ſecundã">ſecundam</expan> <lb></lb>aliquid in toto per ſe agens. </s> <s>Mouent ergo ſecundæ cauſſæ, ſed mouentur, & hoc præcipuè diſtinguun<lb></lb>tur à primis. </s> <s>Motus autem incutitur ab efficiente, aut ex ſe ipſo eſt in alterius gratiam, ſiue id ſit ex ſe<lb></lb>cundæ cauſſæ voluntate, ſiue ex inſtinctu naturali: alio <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> modo mouetur ignis ab aurifice; alio modo <lb></lb>miniſter; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ignis vt ab efficiente agitur dum admouetur; miniſter vt ab imperante; ignis ad motus <lb></lb>agit per naturam, miniſter per voluntatem, & <expan abbr="nonnunq̃">nonnunquam</expan> finis proximi <expan abbr="mouẽtis">mouentis</expan> eſt proprius. </s> <s>ſed ad eius <lb></lb>adeptionem alterius præſentia <expan abbr="viribuſq́">viribuſque</expan>. </s> <s>opus eſt, quod tamen ad illud <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> adſpirabat, vt omnia moueo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5724"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per quæ beneficium quod <expan abbr="dã">dam</expan> conſequar: at opus habeo conferente, in cuius mentem <expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan>, neque be<lb></lb>neficium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ego cecidimus. </s> <s>quicquid ex his ſit; cauſſæ ſecundæ ſic ſeparantur ab <expan abbr="inſtrumẽtis">inſtrumentis</expan>, quòd <lb></lb>per ſe moueant aliquid: tametſi nobis poſteà videndum eſt, quid placeat; ſit'ne aliqua ſecunda cauſ<lb></lb>ſa; an'ne ſint prorſus inſtrumenta omnia præter primam; nanque hactenus ea narrata, quæ valeant po<lb></lb>tius ad rerum notiones capeſſendas, quàm ad veritatis normam redacta. </s> <s>Quantum verò eſt de ſe<lb></lb>cundo theoremate negari certè non poteſt, quin in omni effectu generalitas quædam cauſſæ ſi non vni<lb></lb>uoca, ſaltem analogica conſeruetur; vt quae materia ſit poteſtas ad contradicentia; vnde omnia orta oc<lb></lb>cidunt; finis cuius gratia, forma per quod, efficiens vnde motus, ſed id ſcire volumus; an'ne vltra gene<lb></lb>ralitatem aſſumat aliquam determinationem per quam reſpiciat hunc effectum potius, quàm illum: <lb></lb>veluti faber aſcia facit trabem, aliis inſtrumentis vtitur ad dolium fabricandum; atque id ſit'ne omni <lb></lb>cauſſarum generi commune, & quatenus in hoc munere diſtinguantur. </s> <s>Arbitror equidem ſi Peripa<lb></lb>teticus haberi velim, in omnib. cauſsis <expan abbr="cõmunib">communib</expan>. </s> <s>cùm ad particulares effectus ſeſe applicant; aliquam <lb></lb>interuenire mutationem, vel rei, vel habitudinis, vel per ſe, vel per accidens; per quam hoc præſtat po<lb></lb>tius, <expan abbr="q̃">quae</expan> illud. </s> <s>ad primum verò finem mutationem per accidens, & extrinſecus abſolutè pertinere; <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> <lb></lb>hunc opinor generalem rationem in <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> effectu præſtare: ipſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> mouet, vt immobilis ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& per ſe, & per accidens; in hunc reliquæ res omnes intendunt, & pro naturæ ſuæ captu obſcurius, <pb pagenum="1005"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5725"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>clariuſúe aſſequi ſtudent imitando, nec ſecus profectò, àc ſi proponatur idem ſcopus complurib. ſagit<lb></lb>tariis; neque tamen omnes ad ipſum perueniant, nec æqualiter, nec eiſdem fortè inſtrumentis. </s> <s>ſed ille <lb></lb>melius neruum tendit, quòd maiore ilium robore præditus ſit; alius non rectè collimat, vtitur ille ner<lb></lb>uo languidiore, hic etiam baliſta appetit ſcopum, alter ferreo tormento, vel brachio: robuſtus, & be<lb></lb>ne collimans, & idoneis vtens inſtrumentis conſequitur, ita efficitur, vt manente ſcopo, nec quicquam <lb></lb>aliud agente, niſi offerente ſeipſum, variatio naſcatur, <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>. </s> <s>pertineat ad alia quæ ipſum conſequi ni<lb></lb>tuntur. </s> <s>Niſi materia nouis affectionibus inſtruatur aſsiduè. </s> <s><expan abbr="nunq̃">nunquam</expan> excipiet nouas formas, ſed mane<lb></lb>bit informis, aut ſub eadem forma immobilis: veruntamen quia poteſtas eſt, non poteſt effugere no<lb></lb>uitatem, ergo in materia generalis illa natura non ſufficit ad efficiendas mutationes. </s> <s>proinde materia <lb></lb>illa ſignata requiritur, quæ ex indefinita & communi facta eſt propria. </s> <s>Formæ quæ pendent ex ma<lb></lb>teria propter eius ſocietatem, & propriam repugnantiam, variis item modis afficiuntur, & varios pro<lb></lb>pagant effectus in ſeipſis admittentes aliquam mutationem. </s> <s>Efficiens cum motu informetur, tum <lb></lb>quia mouetur à fine: tùm etiam quòd à nob. </s> <s>conſtitutum eſt, eius naturam eſſe corpoream & mobi<lb></lb>lem, infinitati & varietati obnoxium eſt: itaq, & varios producit effectus: etenim nautæ præſentia na<lb></lb>uem conſeruat, abſentia molitur interitum, <expan abbr="cœlumq́">cœlumque</expan>. </s> <s>accedendo ad nos elementa ſuperiora propa<lb></lb>gat, diſcedendo corrumpit, & gignit inferiora. </s> <s>Quamobrem his omnib. cauſsis accidit aliqua præ<lb></lb>finitio. </s> <s>Verumenimuerò præfinientia ſunt è duplici ordine: quædam enim ſunt principalia, nonnul<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5726"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>la ſubſeruientia: principale præfiniens eſt actus generatim, qui tria cauſſarum genera complectitur, fi<lb></lb>nem, formam, & <expan abbr="efficiẽs">efficiens</expan>. </s> <s>ſubſeruiens eſt id quod ſubit rationem poteſtatis, & ab alio mouetur; hoc vel <lb></lb>eſt materia, vel inſtrumentum, vel cauſſa ſecunda. </s> <s>Finis etiam multiplex eſſe ſolet: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> eſt remo<lb></lb>tus qui proponitur omnib. nimirùm Deus O. M. vnde omnis occaſio ducitur operandi: ſiquidem fi<lb></lb>ne ſublato protinus omnis actio tollatur: itaque huius cauſſæ patrocinio deſtituta ſingula vacarent, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quanq̃">quanquam</expan> id ab eo quod eſt neceſſarium ſimpliciter expectandum non eſt: eſt vt finis proximus quæ eſt <lb></lb>propria <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei natura, illam proximè <expan abbr="quidq.">quidque</expan> expetit, & in eam connititur, vt adepta in eo quod <lb></lb>ſibi optimum eſt, conquieſcat. </s> <s>Hic quia per ſe ipſum <expan abbr="eſſentialiterq́">eſſentialiterque</expan>. </s> <s>finitus, omnia finit, & vniuerſis le<lb></lb>ges imponit. </s> <s>Proximè ab hoc eſt forma: quare & ipſa ſecundo loco præfinit: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> tantum conniti<lb></lb>tur efficiens, quantum forma requirit, & agit pro ratione illius formæ qua informatum eſt, id perpe<lb></lb>tuò quærens & laborans, vt quàm fieri poteſt, illi ſimilem præſtet: & tantum vult capere materia, <expan abbr="quã-tum">quan<lb></lb>tum</expan> expedit formæ quam eſt acceptura. </s> <s>Sed inferiore quodammodo præfiniunt materies inſtrumen<lb></lb>ta, & cauſſæ ſecundæ: quando pro materiæ conditione formæ tribuuntur: & opera pro inſtrumento<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="cauſſarumq́">cauſſarumque</expan>. </s> <s>ſociarum ratione perfici ſolent. </s> <s>Ecce appetitus rei familiaris augendæ mouet ſagit<lb></lb>tarium: præſcribit ei modum qui eſt ex arte ſua, nempe aſſequendi ſcopum, hic arcum <expan abbr="ſagittaſq́">ſagittaſque</expan>. </s> <s>pa<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5727"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rat, & inſtruit, vt optimè illis vti queat, collimat, intorquet. </s> <s>ſcopus igitur etiam pręfinit quid agen<lb></lb>dum. </s> <s>præfinit ſagittarius, dum hæc omnia, ſic attemperat, vt illi probè inſeruire poſsint: arcus item im<lb></lb>becillior terminat opus, hoc nos antea, quia deteriores reddit vires cauſſæ prioris nomine minus præ<lb></lb>ſtante coërcere, & limitare diximus. </s> <s>quòd quantum opus eſt ſagittario, non prouehit ſagittam, <expan abbr="idem-quoq.">idem<lb></lb>quoque</expan> euenit in cauſſas ſecundas, vt ſi imperator ad victoriam comparandam militib. ægris, tyronib. <lb></lb></s> <s>vel infidis vti cogatur. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> & à priori & à poſteriori contingit exoriri præfinitionem cauſſarum com<lb></lb>munium. </s> <s>Sequitur nunc, vt cùm ratio prioris cauſſæ communi conueniat, ſeorſum explicemus quę <lb></lb><expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> pręſtet ex eodem genere: hoc eſt cùm altera communior ſit, altera minus communis, quæ'nam <lb></lb>antecellit, & quantum poſsit. </s> <s>è cauſsis igitur externæ nonnullę ſunt, alię ſunt internę, quòd ſi internę <lb></lb>fuerint, cùm ſint ad poſterius, veluti poteſtas, & materia, & ad rei conſtitutionem, vel eſſentię <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan> <lb></lb>partes ſe habent, illud <expan abbr="vnuſquiſq.">vnuſquiſque</expan> dabit eas à poſterioribus ſuperari pręſtantia, non negabit item illas <lb></lb>ex parte concurrere in effectum. </s> <s>De externis illud faciendum iudicium: nam quò remotiores ſunt <lb></lb>eò ſunt abſolutiores, cùm moueant <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> moueantur, quę propinquiores, non moueant, niſi mouean<lb></lb>tur: multò minus inſtrumenta, eędem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> reſpicere videntur vniuerſum effectum: hoc tamen non <lb></lb>neceſſariò: ſiquidem ea ſit noſtra ſententia; in animalium productione poſſe cęlum in eam <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5728"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cognoſcit; alteram partem ab vniuoco præſtari: quamobrem rectius ita dicetur; ſi qua ſit cauſſa com<lb></lb>munis quæ reſpiciat vniuerſum effectum; eam fore externam, præcipuè verò finem eiuſmodi vim ha<lb></lb>bere putamus; quippe quòd nulla ſit cauſſa quæ vel per ſe, vel ab alio rectà non contendat in finem. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſed principalium modus agendi perfectior, ſeruientium actus promptior: calefacit aurifex; calefa<lb></lb>cit ignis, ſed ignis actu; aurifex per ignem; verùm non calefaceret ignis, niſi admoueretur ab aurifice. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> virtute calefacit aurifex qui calefaciendi modus eſt multò nobilior. </s> <s>Cæterùm non omnis vni<lb></lb>uerſitas in ordine externorum afferet aliquam præſtantiam; ſed diſtinguenda eſt vniuerſitas in <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> quæ <lb></lb>eſt ſecundùm rem; <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illam quæ eſt ſecundùm rationem. </s> <s>eam dico ſecundùm rem, vbi efficiens actu <lb></lb>ſeparatum ſit; alteram ſecundum rationem, vt cùm mentis opera fiat ſeparatio: verbi gratia, efficiens <lb></lb>actu, vt nauta, vel præſens eſt, vel abſens; aliter eſſet efficiens in potentia: ſiquis rationem eius vniuer<lb></lb>ſalem flagitet, is ſanè reipſa non reperiet; ſed cogitando efficiet. </s> <s>Architectus aliquid actu facit, & vti<lb></lb>tur pluribus inſtrumentis; hic reipſa ſeparatur ab inſtrumentis, & cauſsis ſeruientibus, vbi igitur ita ſe <lb></lb>habeat, vt non ſeparetur à partibus niſi ratione; iam ex partib. ſuam perfectionem ſortitur, & ibi potiſ<lb></lb>ſimè, vbi intercedit oppoſitorum ratio: quippe quae ex oppoſitis vnum habitus, alterum verò priuatio<lb></lb>nis inſtar obtineat: eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> commune ad vnum. </s> <s>Quocirca perfectio ſolùm in iis vniuerſalibus cauſsis <lb></lb>erit in externorum genere poſita, ſi re ſeparari poſsint. </s> <s>Hæc generatim dicta de cauſsis communibus. <pb pagenum="1006"></pb>Sed cùm inſtitutum noſtrum ſit agere de cauſsis vniuerſalibus & primis, quæ ſunt Deus & cœlum, ad <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5729"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>earum explicatum ea transferamus, quæ vniuersè conſtituta ſunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5720"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5721"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5722"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5723"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5724"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5725"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5726"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5727"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5728"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5729"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quę bona præſtent in natura primæ cauſſæ Deus & cęlum, quoúe differant ab alijs <lb></lb>cauſſis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LIII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>VNA omnium primæ cauſſa eſt, aliæ primæ non ſunt, ſed in ſuo genere primas eſſe contingit. </s> <s>ea <lb></lb>Deus eſt O. M. ex hac in efficientium ordine primum cęlum eſſe docuimus: ſed ſit efficiens pri<lb></lb>mum ex ordine corporum, videndum eſt, quo diſtinguatur à cæteris efficientibus. </s> <s>Iam pono hæc eſſe <lb></lb>efficientis officio alterare, & afficere, applicare, dare formam, & ea quę conſequuntur formam. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> <lb></lb>eſt quae hîc ad limen occurrat aliquis obiiciens nullum eſſe efficientis corporei munus; ſed omnia mana<lb></lb>re à primo efficiente, qui eſt Deus; quæ ſunt ab ipſo, vel eſſe tanquam ſigna diuinæ actionis, vel affice<lb></lb>re ſolùm, non producere. </s> <s>productionem verò ad aliud ſubſtantiæ genus pertinere, quod <expan abbr="incorporeũ">incorporeum</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, ſiue Deus, quod mihi fit veriſimilius, ſeu <foreign lang="grc">δημιουργὺς</foreign> & Choliſodea quæ ſint mentes quædam ſecun<lb></lb>dæ, ſiue idea: & perſuadere conetur quòd ita ſit, cùm multa exiſtant è rerum natura, quæ non fiant à <lb></lb>cauſſa vniuoca & idcirco à quadam cauſſa communi ortum ducant: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> & nos actionum noſtra<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5730"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rum domini ſumus, & mala ſunt in natura, quæ neutiquam opera ſubſtantiæ cuiuſdam ſeparatæ que<lb></lb>unt eſſe, & niſi aliud ſit, quod pro veritate poſsit afferri, ſatis in noſtra methodo ſit, Ariſtotelis ſenten<lb></lb>tia profitentis rerum ſenſilium cauſſas proximas eſſe ſenſiles. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> & iubentis, vt omneis cauſſas rerum <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5731"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perquiramus ab extrema <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad primam, ſecus ſcientiam non poſſe parari. </s> <s>Si igitur eæ cauſſæ non <lb></lb>ſunt, cur in ſcientia quærendæ? </s> <s>omnium <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> cauſſa vna ſufficiet, cæteræ fruſtra quærentur. </s> <s>Num'ne <lb></lb>ſcientia erit ex non cauſsis? </s> <s>Nec illud obſtat, quae multa fiant à cauſſa diſsimili, <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etiam multa fiunt <lb></lb>à ſimilib. Quinimmò ex iis quæ fiunt à diſsimili ſine auxilio ſimilis, multa ſunt. </s> <s>multa ſunt, quę caſu <lb></lb>fiunt & citra ordinem, <expan abbr="ſæpiusq́">ſæpiusque</expan>. </s> <s>imperfecta; perfecta vero non, niſi ab vniuoco, aut plurimum ſic fieri <lb></lb>videntur. </s> <s>Cætera omitto, quae cùm repugnent principiis noſtris, nullo modo accipi debent. </s> <s>Ergo no<lb></lb>bis in philoſophia Peripatetica conſtitutum ſit aliquod eſſe munus proprium <expan abbr="ſecũdarum">ſecundarum</expan> cauſſarum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> & cœli. </s> <s>Verùm quid cœlo ac reliquis efficientibus intereſt? </s> <s>Mihi ſanè pręter illud, quae ab alio non <lb></lb>pendet in ſuo genere cauſſæ, & latè patet, hęc <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> videntur huic & reliquis intereſſe, quae ipſi finis & ſi <lb></lb>proponitur, vt cęteris efficientib. at illis ſingularis proximè inſtar, remotè verò vniuerſalis. </s> <s>huic nullus <lb></lb>ſingularis obiicitur, ſed omnium primus, quicquid propter alterum fit, id ex conſecutione factum opi<lb></lb>nor: etenim ignis ignim facere ſtudet, & per ignis productionem Deo fieri, ſimilis. </s> <s>Cœlum vt aſſequa<lb></lb>tur primum finem, perpetuò mouetur, dum ſic voluitur, alia producit. </s> <s>Sic autem cenſeo, quoniam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5732"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Deus eſt apud ipſum finis proximus: nunc, ſiqui ſunt alij fines, ij certè remoti erunt, ſed remoti ſunt <lb></lb>perfectiores, aliquid igitur Deo perfectius ſtatuendum foret. </s> <s>Proinde cùm tribuuntur hæc agenti <lb></lb>educere de poteſtate ad actum cum tranſmutatione & principaliter, non ex conſecutione, de vniuoco <lb></lb>efficiente prędicatum fuiſſe putabimus, non de vniuerſali: credo etiam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> de ambiguo, & quod per<lb></lb>fectiore modo continet effectum, ne propter imperfectius agat: fortè quae cum aliis cauſsis iunctum, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>proximè communicet actum. </s> <s>Eius munus exercetur perpetuò per inſtrumenta ambigua, lumen & <lb></lb>motum: ignis efficit calorem per alium calorem: ea ſunt inſtrumenta, non cauſſę. </s> <s>calor eſt cauſſa, quia <lb></lb>calor per ſeipſum efficit aliquid eius rationem intra ſe habens: at lumen & motus ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, <lb></lb>cuius <expan abbr="rõnem">rationem</expan> intra ſe continere non poſſunt, aliter accidens ſubſtantiæ principium foret. </s> <s>Agit <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tan<lb></lb>gens, ſed non tangitur: mouet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non contrà mouetur, quae alio quodam genere materię conſtat: reli<lb></lb>qua mouent & mouentur propter materiæ conſenſum. </s> <s>Necnon obiicit, adducit & abducit, <expan abbr="aliorum-q́ue">aliorum<lb></lb>que</expan> natura ſemper vtitur: cętera per ſe agunt per propriam naturam accipientia conditiones & affe<lb></lb>ctiones, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> actio conſequatur: proinde cùm moueat pro natura rerum mobilium, in eis verò ſit <lb></lb>aliqua rerum producendarum ratio; non habet vim in totum effectum, ſed in partem, niſi fortè vbi <lb></lb>ipſum generationem perficiat, quod euenit in illa, quę naſcuntur ex putri, quę cùm ſint extra naturę <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5733"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ordinem, etiam perſuadent nos, vt illud ipſi ex natura eſſe credamus, quae ius habeat in partem effectus, <lb></lb>non in totum: tamen eius virtuti neutiquam denegemus etiam habere imperium in totum. </s> <s>hoc idem <lb></lb>planè eſt, ac ſi dicamus aliquorum ipſum eſſe pręcipuum <expan abbr="proximumq́">proximumque</expan>. </s> <s>agens. </s> <s>Sed de primo efficien<lb></lb>te ſatis. </s> <s>Aſcendamus nunc ad primam omnium cauſſam, & quoad licet ſenſus veſtigia perſequenti, <lb></lb>& adhęrenti Peripateticis tanti numinis officia declaremus. </s> <s>Docent viri doctiſsimi <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> eſſe mu<lb></lb>nera primę cauſſę, ſiquidem ipſa ante omnia vires & facultatem agendi cauſsis ſecundis largiſsimè ſub<lb></lb>miniſtrat, prętereà tuetur eas, & quemadmodum largita eſt, quae ſint, ſic etiam protegit, & conſeruat: iun<lb></lb>git tertiò cauſſas ſecundas, vt agere poſsint, materię formam, & efficiens patienti applicans: tùm diri<lb></lb>git earum actiones ad finem deſtinatum, vt quanuis ignotus ſit, nullus tamen error in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> cadat actio<lb></lb>nes: poſtremò tanquam agens principale mouet inſtrumenta, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> aliter àc ſcriptor manum <expan abbr="calamum-q́ue">calamum<lb></lb>que</expan> agitet, vt extaret. </s> <s>Sic igitur Deus dat agendi facultatem, tuetur, applicat, dirigit in finem, & reli<lb></lb>quis vtitur vt inſtrumentis. </s> <s>Eorum ratio talis eſt. </s> <s>In mouentib. quę aliis ſuperiorib. ſeruiunt, infe<lb></lb>rius non mouet, niſi à ſuperiore moueatur: <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. </s> <s>Ariſtotelis fuiſſe ſententiam è plurib. locis, colligi <lb></lb>poteſt: apertiſsimè <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> is aliquando teſtatus eſt, quod prius eſt, potiorem eſſe mouendi cauſſam, quàm <lb></lb>ea quæ ſunt ab ipſo. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Idem prætereà concludebat mouentia quæ cum quodam ordine mouent, infi<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5734"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nita non eſſe: quandoquidem motio præcedentium ad extremum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> perduci non poſſet. </s> <s>Confir <pb pagenum="1007"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5735"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mat etiam Proclus, ſiue is, <expan abbr="quicunq.">quicunque</expan> fuerit qui commentariolum de cauſsis ſcriptitarit, cauſſam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <lb></lb>efficacius, interius, inſeparabilius concurrere ad effectus, quàm ſecundas; ita vt, quemadmodum inſtru<lb></lb>menta; quoniam aguntur ab arte; inferiores cauſſæ ſunt, quàm ars; quippe quæ nihil omnino ſint actu<lb></lb>ra; niſi moueantur, & dirigantur ab arte: ſic ſecundæ ad primam cauſſæ inferiores habendæ ſunt. </s> <s>Hæc <lb></lb>quidem verè nimium, vt aliud ſentire, & falſum & impium ſit: ſed ſi volunt, vt opinor, primam cauſ<lb></lb>ſam hæc omnia ſub efficientis titulo præſtare, Peripateticè parum. </s> <s>Nam ſi vires agendi cum forma <lb></lb>non differunt intrinſecus; ea verò ſimpliciter æterna eſt: nec efficiens habere contingit; nec cùm æter<lb></lb>na ſit forma; per aliud velut aduentitium conſequi vires agendi; ſed ipſamet forma erit ea facultas. </s> <s>quae <lb></lb>ſi vires agendi ſic dari accipiant; quia ſine ipſo nihil operari queat; vt verum eſt; ſic interpretari licet, <lb></lb>vt non ex eo vis efficiendi concludatur, quandò ſic etiam tanquam finis poteſt eſſe functionem cauſſa, <lb></lb>quantumuis æternæ res ſint, addo etiam, quantumuis functio ſit æterna, veluti concluſum eſt de mo<lb></lb>tu cœleſti, vbi & corpus & functio ſunt æterna, nihilominus <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> pendent ex Deo, velut ex fine, reli<lb></lb>qua actionis initia, vel interna ſunt & propria, vel à natura ſuppeditata, vt in hoc nullus alius labor ip<lb></lb>ſi Deo ſit imponendus. </s> <s>Hoc igitur Phyſicè conficiendum fuit, quod ex fide ſumptum eſt. </s> <s>Quòd etiam <lb></lb>Deus, vt dat rebus quòd ſint, tueatur. </s> <s>quomodo poteſt dare Peripateticus qui nonnulla per ſe æterna <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5736"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>vult eſſe; aut accipit eſſe .i. </s> <s>in actu ſecundo, vbi apud ipſum ſat eſt, ſi operetur vt finis, qui <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſatis hęc <lb></lb>à Deo conſeruari ſtudet, ſi ipſum veluti finem reſpiciant? </s> <s>Iam verò quae cauſſas ſecundas ipſe iungat, & <lb></lb>applicet mouentia mobilibus, ſi, vt de fine & cauſſa remota prædicatur, accipiet Ariſtoteles, ſin vt cauſ<lb></lb>ſæ proximè & efficienti; quantum abeſt à placitis Ariſtotelis, qui omne id tribuat ambienti quod pro<lb></lb>ximè mouet corpora, & per <expan abbr="lumẽ">lumen</expan>, & motum affert, & aufert primas qualitateis, vnde omnis motio na<lb></lb>turalis orditur? </s> <s>Idem ab eodem philoſopho ſæpius repetitum eſt, vt in vniuerſa eius philoſophia, ni<lb></lb>hil, tametſi falſum, ſit illuſtrius. </s> <s>Quid etiam de quarto illo officio dicendum ſit, facilè apparet iis qui <lb></lb>ſuperiora legerunt: nam dirigere ad finem commune eſt efficientis & finis, ſed multò principalius <lb></lb>conuenit fini, quo etiam ſine cognitione & ſuapte natura res ſine errore feruntur, nec propter finis ip<lb></lb>ſius intelligentiam, ſed propter eius bonitatem. </s> <s>Sic etiam quintum munus primæ cauſſæ tribui po<lb></lb>teſt, tanquam fini; eius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non minus eſt proprium vti inſtrumentis, quàm efficientis, ſed efficiens affert <lb></lb>impulſum, finis offert bonum ſolummodò: ab efficiente motus exiſtit: finis ea mouet, quæ vel intra <lb></lb>ſe habent impulſum, vel aliundæ, non à fine acceperunt: <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> finis ſignificat agens ſignificatione neceſ<lb></lb>ſaria. </s> <s>Quare, cùm hæc noſtra eorum dictis tota diametro opponantur, à nob. </s> <s>illa, ab illis autem hæc <lb></lb>noſtra iure optimo negabuntur. </s> <s>Nec, meo quidem iudicio, quicquam aliud rationes illæ concludunt, <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5737"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quàm, quòd ſit vnum primum omnium mouens ſine quo reliqua moueri non poſsint, quod eſt neceſ<lb></lb>ſarium ſimpliciter, habens imperium in vniuerſa, <expan abbr="ideòq́">ideòque</expan>. </s> <s>principalius, inſeparabilius & interius eo mo<lb></lb>do, quae nulla eſt pars, ad quam vis tantæ cauſſæ non pertineat: verúm, vt hæc omnia ſint in prima cauſſa, <lb></lb>iam ſequitur eam non eſſe efficiens neceſſariò, ſed finem: nam ſi finis fuerit, hęc illi probè quadrabunt: <lb></lb>ſi efficiens, non neceſſariò: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> efficiens eſt principalior, interior, & inſeparabilior cauſſa; cùm ab <lb></lb>alio moueatur, ſed illud huiuſmodi planè à quo mouetur, qui eſt finis. </s> <s>Sit igitur finis, <expan abbr="iſq́ue">iſque</expan> omnium <lb></lb>cauſſa maximè communis, & prima, quæ cuncta moueat & gubernet; illud prætereà ſubuenit, quod <lb></lb>propter nonnullorum decreta perquiramus. </s> <s>Agam Peripateticè, quanuis hæc fluxerint à Theologis, <lb></lb>& ea duntaxat attingam, quæ noſtris placitis incommodum afferre poſſe videantur. </s> <s>Etenim videtur <lb></lb>quibuſdam non requiri primæ cauſſæ concurſum in omnibus, ſed ſecundas cauſſas, modò ſint genitæ, <lb></lb>ex ſe ſufficere. </s> <s>non illud tracto, ſint'ne genitæ, ſed hoc ſolùm, an'ne eius præſentia requiratur in quali<lb></lb>bet actione ſingulari & argumentorum vitia nunc exploro, quantum ſpectat ad inſtitutum noſtrum. <lb></lb></s> <s>Cauſſa quæſtionis eſt, quòd non videtur concurrere Deus in productionem malorum, cùm ſit per eſ<lb></lb>ſentiam bonus: non ad actiones humanas, multò etiam minus ad ſcelera & flagitia. </s> <s>Videamus <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ ratio nonnullos perſuaſerit ad credendum, Deum ſingulis non adeſſe. </s> <s>Aut <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> inquiunt: eadem <lb></lb>eſt actio quam cauſſa vniuerſalis cum particulari concurrens obit, aut diuerſa. </s> <s>eadem certè non eſt, eo <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5738"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quòd fieri nequit, vt idem effectus à plurib. cauſsis abſolutis, & ſubiecto ſeparatis proximè naſcatur: <lb></lb>eſſet <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> prorſus idem, ac ſi idem homo, ab homine, & equo produceretur; ſi diuerſum dixeris, incides <lb></lb>in id, vt tibi dandum ſit, vel vniuerſum effectum ſingularem à prima cauſſa proficiſci, & <expan abbr="ſuperuacaneã">ſuperuacaneam</expan> <lb></lb>fore ſecundam, vel ſi ex parte deſcendat effectus, cauſſam vniuerſalem ſine ſingulari producere, <expan abbr="eamq́">eamque</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s>degenerare in particularem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alteram eius rei partem à ſecunda cauſſa ſine vniuerſalis <expan abbr="primæq́">primæque</expan>. </s> <s>au<lb></lb>xilio produci. </s> <s>Verùm fiat hęc pars, quæ'nam obſecro, & quanta? </s> <s>quid figmento ſimilius? </s> <s>ita <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> eos <lb></lb>vrgebo, quemadmodum Peripatetici medicos, qui cauſſa videndi radios ab oculis emitti per ſpatium <lb></lb>quoddam volunt. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> illa vniuerſalis cauſſæ concurſio neceſſaria videtur, quando hoc, & non aliud <lb></lb>agere ex ſua ipſius propria natura eſt agentis naturalis. </s> <s>Prætereà quia ſi non effectum ex toto produ<lb></lb>cit vniuerſalis ob eam rationem, quæ nuper allata eſt, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam partem, vniuerſalis cauſſa, & ſecunda <lb></lb>non eſſent cauſſę integrę cum quodam ordine tamen; nec in idem conuenirent, nec cauſſa ſecunda per <lb></lb>ſe ab vniuerſali penderet: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> illud dici poteſt, per primam cauſſam rem conſequi, quae ſit; per ſecun<lb></lb>dam verò quòd ſit certum quid, vt homo: cùm idem ſit eſſe in homine, & eſſe hominem, vt nos qui<lb></lb>dem cenſemus. </s> <s><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> etiam dicendum eſt cauſſam ſecundam à prima pręfiniri, quia ſic noſtra voluntas <lb></lb>nil aliud velle poterit, quàm id quod ſibi præſcribetur à Deo. </s> <s>Verùm, ni fallor, omnium difficultatum <lb></lb>patebit exitus, ſi rem altius aliquantò repetamus. </s> <s>Etenim effectus omnis ſiue ſubſtantia ſit, ſiue acci<lb></lb>dens, ſeu functio, ſi functioni quandam naturam <expan abbr="analogicã">analogicam</expan>, nec ſimpliciter accidentis, aut ſubſtantiæ <pb pagenum="1008"></pb>velis adſcribere: ſic ſe habet, vt vna cauſſa non poſsit eſſe contentus, aliter effectus à cauſſa non differ<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5739"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ret, <expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>eueniret, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in eſſentiis à materia ſeparatis, vbi idem eſt quicquid in eis eſt, cum ipſis. </s> <s>Atta<lb></lb>men propter varietatem cauſſarum multis etiam modis euenit, vt idem effectus exiſtat ex illis. </s> <s>Itaque <lb></lb>effectus ex <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> cauſſa, ſi totum ſecundùm materiam capias, pro certa parte conſiſtet. </s> <s>verùm ſi ipſum, <lb></lb>vt aiunt, ſecundùm formam obſerues, totus ex qualibet cauſſa pendeat neceſſe eſt, ſingulis pro ſuo ca<lb></lb>ptu exhibentib. eſſe toti. </s> <s>Nam ſiue ſit totum vt quantum, ſiue ad eſſentiam pertinens, ſiue etiam ad <lb></lb>exiſtentiam & vnus cubitus in tricubito præſtat id, vt ſit tricubitum, aliter non eſſet tricubitum. </s> <s>& ani<lb></lb>mal per vniuerſum hominem diffunditur. </s> <s>nulla <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> pars eſt hominis, vt ſubiecta quæ non ſit animal, & <lb></lb>efficiens efficit materiam, & inducit formam, ex <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> exiſtit compoſitum: finis etiam toti materiæ ſui <lb></lb>appetitum incutit, & forma totum perficit, <expan abbr="totaq́">totaque</expan>. </s> <s>materiæ formæ ſubſternitur. </s> <s>ſecundùm materiam ve<lb></lb>rò effectus è plurib. conſtet neceſſe eſt, quas tamen interdum mens cogit in vnum, & cauſſam vnam fa<lb></lb>cit quæ adæquet effectum. </s> <s>Quamobrem, ſiquando dicitur vnam eſſe vnius effectus cauſſam, non id <lb></lb>prohibetur, quin vnus effectus ex plurib. cauſsis extet, ſed aut id dicitur, quae ab vna cauſſa vnus effectus <lb></lb>formaliter in ſuo genere, velut ab homine homo, nec aliud quàm homo, vt ab efficiente, aut cauſſa ſu<lb></lb>mitur adæquata. </s> <s>Veruntamen vbi plures eiuſdem generis cauſſæ conueniant ad eius rei propaga<lb></lb>tionem: ibi neceſſe eſt intercedat ordo prioris & poſterioris, propinquioris & remotioris: & hæ qui<lb></lb>dem vel ſe habeant vt partes, vel etiam ſint actu & ſubiecto ſeiugatæ: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> animal efficiens eſt pars <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5740"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hominis efficientis, & animal vt forma, eſt pars in ratione prędito, quod eſt differentia, nec tamen ſub<lb></lb>iecto ſeparantur: ſol & homo ad hominis generationem concurrunt quæ longo interuallo diſtant. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſi conferantur proxima cum remotis, interna quidem remota ſunt apparatus ad formas perfe<lb></lb>ctiores accipiendas, externis verò propinquiorib. officium conuenit apparandi: ſic parat miniſter ma<lb></lb>teriam fabro, & finis proximus confert ad aſſequendum remotum. </s> <s>in internis quæ remotiora ſunt, gra<lb></lb>tia ſunt propinquiorum: externa contra ſe habent. </s> <s>etenim propinquiora mouent, vt præſtent partem <lb></lb>eius finis, in quem remotior cauſſa contendit, vbi remotiori cauſſę finis ille proponatur, at cùm fieri <lb></lb>poſsit, vt finis ſit quidem cauſſæ proximæ per ſe, ſine auxilio verò remotæ non comparetur, efficiens <lb></lb>proximum præparat ſolum, remotum complet per conſecutionem. </s> <s>ita credo homini in generatione <lb></lb>propoſitum eſſe hominem, cęlo neutiquam, vt dictum eſt ſuprà: tamen quia ſine cęlo hominem non <lb></lb>exiſtere poſſe arbitror in philoſophia Peripatetica. </s> <s>homo materiam ſolam homini apparebit, quod <lb></lb>reliquum eſt, à virtute diuina præſtabitur. </s> <s>Quocunque tamen modo efficiens remotius erit præſtan<lb></lb>tius, aut quia mouebit cauſſas ſecundas & inſtrumenta, aut quia nobiliore modo mouebit, aut etiam, <lb></lb>quae opus nobilius efficiet. </s> <s>Finis in omnia ius habet ſimpliciter, & quorum eſt finis, vt omnium illorum <lb></lb>quæ ad eum conſequendum inſtituta ſunt, ſiue opera, ſiue actiones, ſiue inſtrumenta, ſiue cauſſæ, ſiqui<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5741"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dem in omnib. virtus finis eluceat, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in iis ſpeciatim quæ ſunt ad illum finem, in iis quæ aguntur ex <lb></lb>conſequutione, duplex ineſt ratio, vel <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſunt huiuſmodi ſimpliciter citra omnem vſum, vt multa quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ex neceſsitate materię, aliorum poteſt eſſe vſus, quae enim veſtigium, dum ambulo, imprimam; eſt ex <lb></lb>neceſsitate materiæ ſolùm, quae laterna micet etiam, eſt gratia cuiuſpiam vſus. </s> <s>talis eſt ſomnus in anima<lb></lb>li, & hoc modo ex cœlo naſcitur animal. </s> <s>illo <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> modo quod ſequitur, eſt accidens, & habet cauſſam for<lb></lb>tuitam. </s> <s>hoc per ſe eſt, & in ordine rerum obtinet rationem boni. </s> <s>vbi ratio boni, ibidem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> ratio fi<lb></lb>nis; ibi nulla ratio boni: quo tamen fine ſiue ſibi, ſiue alij ſit, vniuerſalem cauſſam ſemper excipio, qua<lb></lb>ſi ſit ſecundus quidam finis: quando etiam efficientis vnus eſt finis per ſe propoſitus, & verus vſus, ad <lb></lb>alios fines abuſus, vt cùm lingua vtimur ad guſtum, & locutionem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> item vbi plures fines ſint ſub<lb></lb>ordinati, effici <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> poſsit, vt vnus per ſe ſit, alij per accidens, vt ambulatio ad valetudinem, ea verò ad lu<lb></lb>crum. </s> <s>Proptereà finis in torum poteſt, ſiue totum ex materia ſumas, ſiue etiam ex forma, <expan abbr="cuiq́ue">cuique</expan> rei <lb></lb>ſemper adſiſtens, officio pręſens, agentia fouens, & ſingula confirmans, primus in excitando, extremus <lb></lb>in conſequendo: quapropter omnium cauſſa ſimpliciter. </s> <s>Cùm igitur Deus à nobis poſitus ſit finis, <lb></lb><expan abbr="idemq́">idemque</expan>. </s> <s>primus ex huiuſce cauſſę natura nos poſitas difficultates expedire conabimur. </s> <s>in primis <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> <lb></lb>ponemus ipſum concurrere, tanquam cauſſam <foreign lang="grc">ἐξαίρετον</foreign> in ſuo ordine ad omneis effectus nobiliore <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5742"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modo, & in totum, <expan abbr="partesq́">partesque</expan>. </s> <s>omnes imperium, & ius habere, ſed cùm remaneat impetus proprius in <lb></lb>cauſsis ſecundis, per quem mouent, & mouentur ſuo proprio quodam modo, relinqui etiam locum in <lb></lb>toto, <expan abbr="parteq́">parteque</expan>. </s> <s>effectus pro <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> cauſſæ virib. Proptereà quoad virtutem, cùm quamlibet cauſſam ten<lb></lb>tet, nihil interius, quoad adeptionem & rem, nihil remotius: <expan abbr="cumq́">cumque</expan>. </s> <s>actu ſit, nunquam intermittens of<lb></lb>ficium, non poteſt non actu adeſſe <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> <expan abbr="quodcunq.">quodcunque</expan> illud ſit, vel ſecundùm, vel pręter naturam, vel <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ab anima: tamen ita adeſt, vt moueat, & ſic, vt agant ſingula boni gratia, quicquid agunt, at in reb. na<lb></lb>turalib. eſt repugnantia, in anima ſpecies eſt, quæ tanquam larua boni faciem tegit, & id pro bono <expan abbr="oſtẽ-tat">oſten<lb></lb>tat</expan>, quod non eſt bonum. </s> <s>Ex his omnis error, & aberratio à ſcopo. </s> <s>Agit igitur, quòd ſemper eſt pro<lb></lb>poſitus. </s> <s>non agit in eo, quae dum ita res aguntur, vt finem conſequantur, aliò vagantur, & aberrant, qua<lb></lb>re præſens eſt in errore, ſed non operatur vnà ad errorem: veluti ſi nauta peritiſsimus nauem ab vn<lb></lb>dis agitatam, videat ſe regere non poſſe, eam vndis permittat, eſt cauſſa motus nauis, & quae vndis quo<lb></lb>dammodo conflictetur, quia cùm ſecundiſsimo vento curſum tenere cepiſſet, dum in alto verſaretur, <lb></lb>inſurrexit aduerſus robuſtiſsimus, quòd ſi qui eſſet, adhuc agere potuiſſet in tranquillo: adeſt tamen <lb></lb><expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> ad nauis interitum; <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> idcirco quicquam molitus eſt ad interitum: cauſſa vniuerſi interitus in <lb></lb>tempeſtatem eſt reiicienda. </s> <s>Sic & nos de primo fine dicendum Peripateticè putamus. </s> <s>Proinde ad <lb></lb>dubitationes propoſitas reſpondendum ſic opinamur. </s> <s>Nam Deum adeſſe dicimus, vt dicamus ad <pb pagenum="1009"></pb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5743"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>primum. </s> <s>Flagitiis omnib. <expan abbr="erroribusq́ue">erroribusque</expan> naturæ, quòd actu ſit, & actiones reliquorum propter ipſum <lb></lb>primò ſint, ſed propter ingenium, <expan abbr="viresq́">viresque</expan>. </s> <s>proprias errent. </s> <s>Et quamuis homo ſit liber, ibi tamen adeſſe <lb></lb>profitemur, quòd quicquid agat homo, ſibi proponit vnum finem, qui eſt optimus, ſed in electione fi<lb></lb>nium propinquorum decipitur, quòd ille diuitiis, alter voluptate beatitudinem ſe conſequi poſſe ſpe<lb></lb>ret. </s> <s>Cùm verò quæritur ſecundo loco, an'ne ſit eadem actio cauſſæ vniuerſalis, an diuerſa, & eandem, <lb></lb>& diuerſam eſſe contingit, quòd eadem actio quam proximè pręſtat efficiens; à Deo pendet, vt fine; <lb></lb>non eadem, quòd interdum fit, vt aliquid ex vi propinquarum cauſſarum naſcatur, in quo non opere<lb></lb>tur vnà. </s> <s>Cùm probas eandem non <expan abbr="futurã">futuram</expan> actionem, quae idem effectus à pluribus cauſsis abſolutis, & ſub<lb></lb>iecto ſeparatis proximè non exoritur; <expan abbr="cõcedo">concedo</expan> vniuersè; ſed nego, ſi accipiatur, quatenus ad ſuum genus <lb></lb>ſpectat: nego <expan abbr="ẽt">etiam</expan> <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> proximè <expan abbr="quidq́">quidque</expan>. </s> <s>pręſtare; ſed proximè accepimus antè <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan>. </s> <s>quae igitur Deus <lb></lb>proximè <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="virtutẽ">virtutem</expan>, alia cauſſa proximè <expan abbr="ſcdm">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan>, efficiat aliquid, id <expan abbr="abſundũ">abſundum</expan> non eſt; ne dixerim fo<lb></lb>re <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>. </s> <s>Deinde <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="obijcit̃">obijcitur</expan>, vbi diuerſus ſit effectus, vel vniuerſum à cauſſa prima proficiſci, vel ex <lb></lb>parte, & vniuerſum, & ex parte volumus in ſuo genere cauſſæ; vniuerſum, quae habet ius in totum, & <lb></lb>partes, & ibi præſertim, vbi cauſſæ contendunt in bonum, & cedunt naturæ ſuperiori: vbi pro ſua na<lb></lb>tura agantur, poſſe in partem; quia ſunt excitatę cauſſæ à bono, ſed aberrant oppugnatæ, ſeu deceptæ. <lb></lb></s> <s> <arrow.to.target n="marg5744"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in partem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> poteſt, quandoquidem plures ſunt eiuſdem effectus cauſſæ: vis igitur habet in effe<lb></lb>ctum ſub vna ratione duntaxat, quatenus finis. </s> <s><expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſecundæ cauſſe non ſunt ſuperuacaneæ. </s> <s>nec <lb></lb>idcirco vniuerſalis cauſſa ſine ſingulari producit, nec ſingularis ſine vniuerſali & prima, propterea quae <lb></lb>ibi præſtò ſit cauſſa prima quæ dirigit, & cauſſæ ſecundæ, quæ vel obediunt, vel reſponſant. </s> <s>Pars autem <lb></lb>in officio illa eſt quæ reſpicit finem; ſicuti in eodem officio pars eſt, quæ reſpondet efficienti, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> alte<lb></lb>ra materiæ; & altera formæ in re, quæ facta eſt. </s> <s>Neque illud ſimpliciter verum, quòd ex ſua ipſorum <lb></lb>natura agant cauſſę ſingulares; quia non agunt, niſi concitatæ, ſed concitatæ ſic mouentur, vt <expan abbr="cuiuſ-q́ue">cuiuſ<lb></lb>que</expan> natura patitur, & ſicuti cylindrus & turbo, quæ moueri incipere, niſi impulſa, non poſſunt id au<lb></lb>tem, cùm accidit, ſuapte natura, quod ſupereſt, efficiunt, <expan abbr="voluiturq́">voluiturque</expan>. </s> <s>cylinder, ac turbo verſatur; & qui <lb></lb>protruſit, dedit eis principium motoris; volubilitatis autem non dedit; ſed ipſa mobilia nata ſunt ad <lb></lb>eos motus accipiendos habilia, ſic Deus, vt ita dicam, impellit res; volubilitas illarum tota eſt. </s> <s>actus igi<lb></lb>tur omnis extrinſecus eſt, & à Deo O. M. Nec illud neceſſe eſt eas eſſe cauſſas integras; niſi in ſuo gene<lb></lb>re; cùm quilibet effectus integer, hoc eſt, abſolutus, ex diuerſis cauſſarum generib. neceſſariò produca <lb></lb>tur, & exiſtat. </s> <s><expan abbr="Neq.">Neque</expan> id tollitur, immò conſeruatur maximè, quae cauſſa ſecunda pendeat ex prima, cùm <lb></lb>ſine prima planè nullus ſecundæ actus exiſteret. </s> <s>Quòd autem cauſſa ſecunda à prima præfiniatur, <lb></lb>& neceſſarium eſt, & veriſsimum, cùm ſit omnium finis; eius autem ſit officium præſcribere quid, & <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5745"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quomodo agendum, Sed cùm primus finis præſcribat agenda cauſsis ſecundis, quarum eſt quædam <lb></lb>interna volubilitas, vt in cylindro, & nexus in reb. inanimis ex materia & repugnantib. in homine ex <lb></lb>appetitu & ratione; ex hoc efficitur, vt cauſſæ motæ aliò diuertant, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> à mouente dirigente: ſic & prin<lb></lb>cipes ab inferioribus etiam limitantes. </s> <s>ſic etiam Deo præſente, & mouente contingentia, humanique <lb></lb>arbitrij libertas optimè conſeruantur. </s> <s>Atque hæc de munere cauſſarum primarum dicta ſufficiant.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5730"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5731"></margin.target>a 3. de cęl. <lb></lb></s> <s>T. 6.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5732"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5733"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5734"></margin.target>b 8. Phyſ.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5735"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5736"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5737"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5738"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5739"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5740"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5741"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5742"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5743"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5744"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5745"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Illuſtratur ratio diuinæ gubernationis; & exponitur qualis ſit energia primi finis. </s> <s>Cap. </s> <s>LIIII.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>At verò non minus vtile, quàm iucundum fuerit, ſi via <expan abbr="ratioq́">ratioque</expan>. </s> <s>declaretur qua Deus, vt finis, vni<lb></lb>uerſa, tanto agitet otio, <expan abbr="tantoq́">tantoque</expan>. </s> <s>ordine, vt tam pertinaciter & tam libenter <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> ſuum munus <lb></lb>exequantur: ideò nos etiam ſermonem de motu huius theorematis acceſsione perorabimus. </s> <s>Expreſ<lb></lb>ſit, ſeu potius, innuit id nob. </s> <s>imperatoris exemplo Ariſtoteles: hoc ſi nunc euoluamus, inſtitutæ quæ<lb></lb>ſtioni ſatis erit factum. </s> <s>Scire igitur conuenit eam fuiſſe vulgatam, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in veterum philoſophorum <lb></lb>animis inueteratam de numine omnium beatiſsimo opinionem, ipſum in parte cœli ſublimiore, velut <lb></lb>in arce reſidentem reb. vniuerſis, cùm animatis & corporeis, tum inanimis & corpore vacantib. ſuam <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5746"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>bonitatem pro illarum captu communicare, nec ea quidem ratione qua poetę fabulati ſunt, qui Deos <lb></lb>in terras de cęlo demiſerunt, & illis adſcripſerunt actiones humanas: ſed quid humanas ego dico im<lb></lb>mò viliſsimas, vt iurgia, contumelias & lachrymas, addo etiam res ſędiſsimas, vt ſtupra, & adulteria, vt <lb></lb>certè multò maiore cum dignitate ſuæ domui præſit paterfamiliàs, quinimmo aries gregi quam Deus <lb></lb>in ſolio maieſtatis ſuæ ſedeat. </s> <s>Delphinum piſces omnes veluti regem colunt.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5746"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Prętereà regem non ſic Aegyptus & ingens</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Lydia, nec populi Parthorum Medus Hydastes</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Obſeruant (vt apes) rege incolumi mens omnibus vna est<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ille operum custos, illum admirantur; & omnes</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Circunstant fremitu denſo, <expan abbr="ſtipantq́">ſtipantque</expan>. </s> <s>frequentes:</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Et ſæpe attollunt humeris; & corpora bello</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Obiectant, <expan abbr="pulchramq;">pulchramque</expan> petunt per vulnera mortem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Mitto nunc illa Perſarum miracula Cambyſis & Xerxis, ac maieſtatem Darij venerandam & augu<lb></lb>ſtam, omni reuerentiæ <expan abbr="pietatisq́">pietatisque</expan>. </s> <s>genere cultum, & barbaris ad orationibus auctam, longè à vulgi con<lb></lb>ſpectu qui nil ſe minus decere arbitrati ſunt, quàm accedere ad negotia, & in res vel etiam maximas <lb></lb>intendere <expan abbr="cogitationẽ">cogitationem</expan>; cùm tamen ipſi homines voluerint vti familiariſsimè diis, pugnas aduerſus eos <lb></lb>inire, <expan abbr="parumq́ue">parumque</expan> abeſſe, quin ludibrio velut vnum è multis habuerint. </s> <s>Cæterùm ſi negotia quanuis <pb pagenum="1010"></pb>ardua tractare dignum regio faſtigio non habebatur. </s> <s>quantò minus igitur æquum eſſe videbatur nu<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5747"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>men ſupremum rebus mortalib. operam dare, <expan abbr="ſtudiumq.">ſtudiumque</expan> ſuum & curam in viliſsima <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> conferre? <lb></lb></s> <s>in cuius ſplendore mentes omnes hebeſcant, & hallucinentur, honeſtatè potius admirentur, quàm vel <lb></lb>appetendo conſequantur, & plus ſit ſemper, quàm audeamus optare: illius pulchritudinis, & æternita<lb></lb>tis idola expreſſuræ linguæ obmuteſcant, ne dum vires <expan abbr="eloquãtur">eloquantur</expan>; vnde & omnis vita, eſt autem <foreign lang="grc">αεικι<lb></lb>νησία</foreign>, fluxerit, <expan abbr="omnisq́">omnisque</expan>. </s> <s>perfectio ad mortalium genus permanarit. </s> <s>Dignius igitur illius admirabili <lb></lb>amplitudine Peripatetici reputarunt, ſi è ſummo cœli vertice vim ſuam ad extremas <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> orbis vniuer<lb></lb>ſi oras effundat, & initia motus mobili primo primùm à dextris ſuppeditans, mox cæteris orbib. à ſini<lb></lb>ſtris tot varietates, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> illas quidem perpetuò præſtet in regione elementorum, longè ſecuriſsimus. <lb></lb></s> <s>Sed hoc opus, hic labor eſt ediſſerere, quemadmodum facultatem illam ſuam pręſtantiſsimam, & ad<lb></lb>mirandam per vniuerſum Deus O. M. ad centrum <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> diffundat, vt nulla eius vel abiectiſsima ſit pars, <lb></lb>quæ Dei præſentia deſerta iaceat, nulla quæ gubernationem & imperium fugiat. </s> <s>& ipſi non tanquam <lb></lb>miniſtra ad nutum ſeruiat, & obtemperet. </s> <s>Legimus in iis quæ operantur per eſſentiam, operationem <lb></lb>nullum afferre laborem. </s> <s>Id docuit & rectè Proclus, <emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> <expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> vbi ſit opus cum materia commune, vt <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5748"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in caducis (cœli <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> vt ſubſtantiæ per ſe, non vt materia conſtantis opus eſt conuerſio) operationes affer<lb></lb>re laſsitudinem non id ſat eſt: nihilò plus certiores ſumus, quàm antea, cùm hoc didicimus. </s> <s><expan abbr="Itaq.">Itaque</expan> nos <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5749"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eò redire oportet, vbi de vi finis copiosè diſceptauimus & ex iis quæ tum decreta fuerunt, euoluenda <lb></lb>dubitatio. </s> <s>Nouimus verò talem finis eſſe facultatem, vt omnia præfiniat, quæ ad ipſum diriguntur, <lb></lb>hoc eſt, ea quæ ad illius adeptionem conferunt, aut neceſſariò requiruntur, & vniuerſis quaſi <expan abbr="perpetuã">perpetuam</expan> <lb></lb>legem imponat, cui pareant cuncta ſuaptè natura: nam cùm oſtentet bonitatem contendentib. ea ve<lb></lb>rò per ſeipſam ſit expetenda, libenter ab ea ſeduci patiuntur, ac ſuoptè impulſu appetentia ſectantur. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quod igitur appetunt, appetunt verò, quia bonum experiuntur, illud aut illud faciunt, vt eo bono po<lb></lb>tiantur. </s> <s>Ex quo etiam dici conſueuit, hæc ita geri, quia ſic bene ſit, quod certè nil aliud ſignificat, <expan abbr="q̃-quae">qua<lb></lb>quae</expan> ita comparetur illud bonum quod expetunt. </s> <s>Ergo cùm Deus ſit finis omnium primus, is etiam ma<lb></lb>ximè omnium bonus eſt, & expetendus ab omnib. corporeis, incorporeis, animatis, & inanimis: ab in<lb></lb>corporeis quidem, quæ ſunt mentes, quia ſummus actus, <expan abbr="ſummeq́">ſummeque</expan>. </s> <s>intelligendus, proinde cùm ſint po<lb></lb>teſtate intelligendum; per id <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> quod maximè tale eſt; actum ſuum, & perfectionem conſequun<lb></lb>tur: ab animatis, vt optimè diſtinguentia, quæ proſint, quæúe noceant, hæc declinando, contraria fu<lb></lb>giendo ſeipſa tueantur, & Veneris ſtimulis incitata propagent, ſic immortalitati conſulentia Deo, quan<lb></lb>tum licet, ſimilia fiant: ab inanimis, vt appetitu naturali commota, per officia diuinum participent: ab <lb></lb>eſſentiis & formis, vt ſint; ab indiuiduis, vt per illorum ſucceſsionem & propagationem formæ red<lb></lb>dantur immortales. </s> <s><expan abbr="itaq.">itaque</expan> pro ſua natura <expan abbr="quæq.">quæque</expan> res agens Deo ſimilis efficitur, qui ſemper eſt, erat ſem<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5750"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per, & ſemper erit per ſæcula, <expan abbr="ſemperq́">ſemperque</expan>. </s> <s>actu, & in officio, ſeipſum contemplans, & vniuerſis ſpectan<lb></lb>dum, præbens & expetendum, <expan abbr="eodemq́">eodemque</expan>. </s> <s>modo ſemper, vt ſit, quod natura nunquam non intueatur, <lb></lb><expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> tempore vllo propter inconſtantiam deſeratur à bono. </s> <s><expan abbr="Atq.">Atque</expan> id eſt propriè gubernare, dirigere .ſ. <lb></lb></s> <s><expan abbr="quancunq.">quancunque</expan> rem propter ſuum opus ad ſuum <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> bonum, non vt inde quicquam ſibi accedat: nul<lb></lb>lius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> egens eſt, ſed vt quod per ſe bonum eſt, bonum fiat iis quæ ſub eius imperio ſunt: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ipſa po<lb></lb>ſteaquàm experta ſunt bonum, pro ſuæ naturæ propenſione ſic aguntur, vt conuenientem ſibi perfe<lb></lb>ctionem conſequantur: nec aliter planè, àc cùm ad ſcopum peruenire volumus, oculos <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> <expan abbr="telumq́">telumque</expan>. </s> <s>ten<lb></lb>dimus, & <expan abbr="manũ">manum</expan> tollimus, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> deprimimus, prout nos admonet ſcopus, qui ſi moueri ponatur, vt aui<lb></lb>cula, ſępe etiam ſe reget ſagittarius ad tempus, & per varias inflexiones ſe accommodabit ad <expan abbr="certã">certam</expan> po<lb></lb>ſituram, vt eò collimans aſſequatur propoſitum. </s> <s>Ita igitur vniuerſi partes aguntur, & hoc modo ſe <lb></lb>tuentur, & vnà <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> totum quod in ipſis conſiſtit, fouent <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> cuſtodiunt. </s> <s>vna ſingulorum, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> vni<lb></lb>uerſorum eſt ſolus. </s> <s>ſic in exercitu, poſtquam tuba ſignum dare iuſsit imperator, & ad arma conclama<lb></lb>tum eſt, ad arma, non induit hunc, & illum clypeo, vel lorica, nec equo imponit, aut alteri aquilam prę<lb></lb>bet, vel copias inſtruit: ſed aquiliter aquilam ſponte vellit, eques equum conſcendit, parat pedes tor<lb></lb>mentum, arripit pilum: <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> ita faciunt ſinguli, quae iis egeat imperator, & vt cuſtodiatur ab illis: nam ci<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5751"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uitas imperatorem creauit, non vt ab exercitu ſeruaretur, ſed vt ipſi præſideret. </s> <s>Quamobrem Pelopi<lb></lb>das cùm exiret ad pugnam, <expan abbr="rogaretq́">rogaretque</expan>. </s> <s>vxor, vt ſe cuſtodiret, alios reſpondit hoc eſſe monendos, ducem <lb></lb>verò, & imperatorem, vt ciues conſeruet. </s> <s>Ferunt etiam <emph type="sup"></emph>b<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> Paullum Aemilium petiiſſe ſecundum con<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5752"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſulatum, & tuliſſe repulſam. </s> <s>Sed cum imperatorum mollitie, fortè & imperitia bellum contra Per<lb></lb>ſeum, & Macedonas in longum duceretur, <expan abbr="ideoq́">ideoque</expan>. </s> <s>Romani Coſ. </s> <s>Paullum deſignaſſent, ſe illis gratiam <lb></lb>habere nullam dixit. </s> <s>ſe <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> non quae egeret imperio, ſed quae ipſi imperatore, fuiſſe delectum. </s> <s>Non poſſum <lb></lb>me continere, quin vocem illam magnificam, vel etiam maximo rege dignam Hippolyti Medicis hoc <lb></lb>loco commemorem. </s> <s>Nam cùm magnam manum hominum illuſtrium ſua liberalitate ſuſtineret, & <lb></lb>à Clemente VII. <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> iam ætas ad rem paullò attentiorem fecerat, accuſaretur, quae multos inutiliter ale<lb></lb>ret: vt erat ille magni animi, & planè regij vir, reſpondit etiam ſi illis ipſe non egeo, at illi contrà me <lb></lb>egent. </s> <s>Docet etiam Varro, vir, vt Romanus, longè eruditiſsimus, Imperatorem non dici facere, aut age<lb></lb>re, ſed rem gerere, ideſt, ſuſtinere, quaſi pendentes ex ſe fulciat, corruere non patiatur, labentes exci<lb></lb>piat, conſulat, retineat in officio. </s> <s>Sic igitur ſuæ ſalutis ergò <expan abbr="vnuſquiſq.">vnuſquiſque</expan> ſuo munere fungitur, & cùm <lb></lb>è ſingulis confletur exercitus, ſubinde ex eorum ſalute ſalus vniuerſi pendet. </s> <s>Eodem modo quoque <lb></lb>exiſtimandum eſt fieri in natura: niſi quòd id quod animalia cognoſcendo pręſtant, & appetitu ani<lb></lb>mali concitata, reliqua ſolo naturæ impulſu efficiunt, nec ſecus atque in animalium motibus euenire <pb pagenum="1011"></pb>docuerit Ariſt. </s> <s><emph type="sup"></emph>a<emph.end type="sup"></emph.end> vt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> hominum membra nulla contentione mente ipſa, ac voluntate mouentur, ſic <lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5753"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5754"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Dei numine omnia finguntur, mouentur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> mutantur: quem locum, quae alibi aptius attigimus, in prę<lb></lb>ſentia reticemus. </s> <s>Ita non ipſe Deus <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> per eſſentiam, ſicuti nec animus in omnibus partib. corpo<lb></lb>ris, ſed in vna prima cui ſint adnexę alię partes, virtutis ſuæ præſentia ſingula regit, & moderatur; nam <lb></lb>cùm ſit appetitus obiectum quæ facultas excepto Deo per omnia pertinet; etiam ſe omnib. opponit <lb></lb>expetendum. </s> <s>Hæc à Phyſico certiſsima ratione, vt ipſe opinatur, nempe motus via monſtrata. </s> <s>Ve<lb></lb>rùm tametſi huius excelſæ <expan abbr="auguſtiſsimęq́">auguſtiſsimęque</expan>. </s> <s>virtutis eſſentia nec frontis oculis aſpiciatur; mentemúe ru<lb></lb>dem tentet; non idcirco quiſquam negare audeat, niſi mente captus, & excors; at quod inanima confi<lb></lb>tentur obedientia, nos <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> eſt ratio data, cuius beneficio diuini ſumus, Deum eſſe inficiabimur, vn<lb></lb>de ad nos diuinitas illa permanarit? </s> <s>non'ne tam pulchra rerum varietas, <expan abbr="tamq.">tamque</expan> admirabilis conſtantia <lb></lb>nos admonebit hæc temerè non agi, ſed ab optimo gubernatore ſuſtineri? </s> <s>Ita igitur ex tam admiran<lb></lb>dis beneficiis in omne rerum genus collatis (eſt <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> commune philoſophorum omnium, nonmodò eo<lb></lb>rum, qui Deum nihil ipſum habere negotij dicunt, ſed eorum etiam, qui Deum ſemper agere aliquid <lb></lb>& moliri volunt, nunquam nec iraſci, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> nocere) optimè intelligit <expan abbr="quiſq.">quiſque</expan> eſſe præſtò virtutem quan<lb></lb>dam pręſtantiſsimam, per omnia pertinentem quæ regat naturam iuſtiſsimis, & <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> conuenientiſsi<lb></lb>mis legib. ab illa eſſentia diffuſam, quæ ſe receperit in eas regiones.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5755"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5747"></margin.target>E</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5748"></margin.target>a Timęo</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5749"></margin.target>F</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5750"></margin.target>G</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5751"></margin.target>H</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5752"></margin.target>b Plut.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5753"></margin.target>a Lib. de <lb></lb>mot. </s> <s>anim. <lb></lb></s> <s>mot. </s> <s>an. <lb></lb></s> <s>c. 7.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5754"></margin.target>A</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5755"></margin.target>B</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quas neque concutiunt venti, neque nubila nimbis</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aſpergunt, neque nix acri concreta pruina</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Cana cadens violat; <expan abbr="ſemperq́">ſemperque</expan>. </s> <s>innubilus æther<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>& vbi extra omnem aleam perturbationis tranquilliſsima ſecuritate honeſtiſsimo otio, hoc eſt, nobiliſ<lb></lb>ſima <expan abbr="æternaq́">æternaque</expan>. </s> <s>cura ſummæ pulchritudinis, & honeſtatis aſpectu, <expan abbr="ſummiq́">ſummique</expan>. </s> <s>veri, ideſt, ſuiipſius contem<lb></lb>platione fruatur. </s> <s>Quamobrem vos etiam Principes O. cùm habere in homines imperium ſit quid di<lb></lb>uinum; <expan abbr="poſtq̃">poſtquam</expan> ſedatis animi affectib. per magnanimitatem, & iuſtitiam alios, & vos ipſos vincere didi<lb></lb>ciſtis, hominum fama beneficiorum memor in Sereniſsimorum concilio collocauit: altius <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> ſe extu<lb></lb>lit animus veſter, quàm vt aliqua triſtitiæ caligine tegatur, aut ventis inuidiæ conturbetur, aut ira, gra<lb></lb>tiaúe teneatur; aut ab vlla tempeſtate libidinum compellatur ad aliquid ſuſcipiendum, quod beatitu<lb></lb>dinem veſtram commaculare valeat. </s> <s>Vos ipſi nutu populos regitis, vt ſi quis à vob. </s> <s>aliquam operam <lb></lb>in officio veſtro flagitaret, illi ſimilis foret, qui gubernatorem in nauigando nil agere diceret, cùm alij <lb></lb>malos erigant, alij rudentes explicent, hi vela faciant, illi anchoras præcidant, ille gubernaculum manu <lb></lb>tenens ſedeat otioſus in puppi: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> etſi non facit ea quæ nautæ; at verò multo maiora, & meliora <lb></lb>facit: neque <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> virib. aut curſu, corporiſúe celeritate res magnæ geruntur, ſed conſilio, & auctoritate. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hæc ignorantia plebem, vt ipſa putabat, induſtriam à patrib. ocioſis ſegregauit, & in Auentinum per<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="marg5756"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duxit, eam ſuſtulit Agrippa Menenius vir ſapientiſsimus priſco illo quidem & horrido dicendi modo <lb></lb>ſed conſilij pleno illuſtriſsima imagine membrorum qua conſpirarunt in ventrem. </s> <s>Sic igitur om<lb></lb>nia ſumma ſapientia, ſumma conſtantia <expan abbr="ſummaq́">ſummaque</expan>. </s> <s>tranquillitate gubernantur à Deo. </s> <s>Verùm vt aliqua <lb></lb>ex parte Platoni gratificemur; addemus etiam Deum ſe habere in vniuerſo, velut in ciuitate <expan abbr="legẽ">legem</expan>, quæ <lb></lb>cùm maneat affixa parieti, nec ſe loco moueat, in animis tamen ciuium qui illi ſubiecti ſunt, impreſſa, <lb></lb>ſingulos ex ordine mouent, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita cum omnib. ſemper vna, & eadem voce loquens cuncta diſponit, <lb></lb>quæ ad ſalutem Reip. </s> <s>pertinere valeant: nam vallum milites imperio legis aſcendunt; in <expan abbr="curiã">curiam</expan> ſe con<lb></lb>ferunt Senatores; ad tribunalia properant iudices, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> ita ſe ſe ſinguli tuentur ab incommodis, & in op<lb></lb>timo ſtatu, ciuitas vniuerſa conſeruatur. </s> <s>Ita Deus ipſa lex eſt non ſcripta, nec nata, ſed ipſamet diui<lb></lb>na mens, æterna, & prorſus immobilis ſapientia, quæ <expan abbr="vndiq.">vndique</expan> omnia exæquat, nil omittens ſolutum, nec <lb></lb>linquens vllum propriæ ſtationis opus, quin ipſi caueat; nullam <expan abbr="emẽdationem">emendationem</expan> tolerans, varietatemúe <lb></lb>accipiens, multò rectior & ſtabilior, quàm vt odiis, & ſimultatib. auaritiaúe hominum figi, <expan abbr="refigiq́">refigique</expan>. </s> <s>poſ<lb></lb>ſit, vel à barbaro, & impotente victore peruerti: hoc iure nil maius, <expan abbr="ſanctiuſq́">ſanctiuſque</expan>. </s> <s>cogitari poteſt: hoc ne<lb></lb>que gratia inflectitur, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan>, potentia perfringitur, nec adulteratur pecunia. </s> <s>Huius igitur ſanctiſsimi <lb></lb>numinis auſpiciis regitur, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> gubernatur quicquid in mundo continetur: quare omnes omnium <expan abbr="cõ-">con<lb></lb></expan> <arrow.to.target n="marg5757"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>menſus intra ſe habet, & pro ratione ſingulorum ſingulis aptiſsimè vtens conſultor eſt, & prouidus <lb></lb>vtilitatum, <expan abbr="oportunitatumq́">oportunitatumque</expan>. </s> <s>omnium. </s> <s>is in diem ſuppeditat quid agendum, quapropter etiam ab om<lb></lb>nibus nationib. & gentib. ornatur nominib. & epithetis quæ quidem incomprehenſibili excellentia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="demumq́">demumque</expan>. </s> <s>anguſtiſsima ſunt plena maieſtate: <expan abbr="nanq.">nanque</expan> ab illis <foreign lang="grc">Ζεῦς</foreign>, vt vitæ muneris ſanè præſtantiſsimi <lb></lb>dator, idem <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> iuuans pater O. M. & à nob. </s> <s>Deus non immutata voce <foreign lang="grc">θεοῦ</foreign> ſumpta à Græcis, ex of<lb></lb>ficio contemplandi, ſed etymo ductó à dando magnificentius appellatus eſt, quaſi omnium bonorum <lb></lb>(malum <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan> nihil eſt) ſine vlla exceptione dator. </s> <s>Hæc nob. </s> <s>Peripatetica muſa dictabat. </s> <s>Sed nos, poſt<lb></lb>quam huc humanitus ſpeculando ſumus elati, cum piis viris, & ſibiipſi clariſsimis vnum te, & ſolum <lb></lb>præpotentem Deorum Deum O. M. auſpicem, auctorem, conſeruatorem, initium, & finem ſupplices <lb></lb>inuocemus, & omnis architectum ſapientiæ celebrantes optemus, vt mens noſtra, quæ in ſordes im<lb></lb>merſa corporeas, nil niſi lubricum, & fallax attingit, ab æterno tuæ diuinitatis ſplendore colluſtrata <lb></lb>per hos corporum gradus ad te peruenire valeat, <expan abbr="omniq́">omnique</expan>. </s> <s>ignorantiæ diſpulſa caligine, tui ſolius in <lb></lb>admiratione conquieſcat.</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5756"></margin.target>C</s></p> <p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5757"></margin.target>D</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>FINIS LIBRI DECIMI ET VLTIMI.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s></s></p> <pb></pb><pb></pb> <p type="head"> <s>INDEX RERVM <lb></lb>MEMORABILIVM.<lb></lb> <arrow.to.target n="fig23"></arrow.to.target></s></p> <figure id="fig23"></figure> <table> <row><cell>A.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>AB nota omnis generis cauſſę.</cell><cell>385. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ab æquali non produci actio-nem quomodo verum.</cell><cell>352. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ab vno non niſi vnum profi-ciſci.</cell><cell>30. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Abſolutum multis modis.</cell><cell>19. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Abiectio termini à quo & <expan abbr="cõ-paratio">con-paratio</expan> termini ad quem ſit'ne vnus motus.</cell><cell>766. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Abſtrahere quid.</cell><cell>76. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Abſtractio triplex.</cell><cell>36. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Abſtractio multiplex.</cell><cell>76. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Abſtractio Mathematica quomodo fiat.</cell><cell>18. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Abſtracti facultas.</cell><cell>18. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Abſurdum, & impoſsibile quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>474. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Abſurda in dialecticis abſurda item eſſe in Philoſophia.</cell><cell>92. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Albumazar de definitione naturæ.</cell><cell>236. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia à ſubſtantia ſeparari non poſſe.</cell><cell>17. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia definiri per ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>18. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens non eſſe ens niſi per ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>18. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis ſubiectum duplex.</cell><cell>18. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens eſſe quicquid eſt, vel ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>14. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens à Porphyrio deſcriptum èquo rerum ordine exiſtat.</cell><cell>15. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis genera nouem.</cell><cell>15. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia quemadmodum ad notitiam ſubſtantię con-ferant.</cell><cell>8. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens vt ſumatur in definienda materia.</cell><cell>79. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia <expan abbr="quib.">quibus</expan> ſignificatur materia ſingularis.</cell><cell>79. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia magis compoſita quàm ſubſtantia.</cell><cell>79. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens duplici notitia cognoſcitur ſimplici, & <expan abbr="cõplexa">complexa</expan>.</cell><cell>79. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis forma indiuidua.</cell><cell>164. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentium denominatio vnde petenda.</cell><cell>164. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis & ſubſtantię ſimilitudo in mutatione.</cell><cell>172. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentium formas <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> extrinſecus ab agente produci.</cell><cell>195. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens multis modis accipi.</cell><cell>280. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia nunquam præſtare perfectione ſubſtantię.</cell><cell>285. B 289. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens per ſubſtantiam conſequi perfectionem.</cell><cell>285. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens vt differat à forma.</cell><cell>286. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia ſimpliciter quæ.</cell><cell>297. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentium formæ & functiones.</cell><cell>300. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis rationem à ſubſtantia duci.</cell><cell>314. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens à ſubſtantia ſeparari conceſsit Themiſtius.</cell><cell>431. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens vt ſeparetur.</cell><cell>431. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens <expan abbr="quodq.">quodque</expan> vtrum habeat proprium ſubiectum.</cell><cell>522. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens fiat'ne à pura priuatione.</cell><cell>559. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentium definitio vt ſe habeat.</cell><cell>596. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia poſsit'ne in diuerſis ſubiectis ineſſe.</cell><cell>601. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia habere proprium ſubiectum de prædicamen-to ſubſtantiæ.</cell><cell>601. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentium diuiſio ex Auicenna.</cell><cell>602. F 731. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia nunquam ſeparari ab actu ſubſtantia.</cell><cell>602. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia eiuſdem rationis in diuerſis ſubiectis nume-ro & ſpecie differentibus.</cell><cell>602. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens neque ſecundum neque præter naturam.</cell><cell>615. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens idem à pluribus cauſsis produci poſſe.</cell><cell>637. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens quod ineſt pluribus ſpecie differentibus ineſſe per aliud commune.</cell><cell>647. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia cur materiæ tribuuntur.</cell><cell>658. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis tria ſubiecta.</cell><cell>658. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia vt ſint perfectiones.</cell><cell>723. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia inſtrumenta ſubſtantiæ.</cell><cell>724. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens à ſubſtantia dirigi dupliciter.</cell><cell>727. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens in virtute ſubſtantiæ ſemper agere.</cell><cell>731. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens multis modis.</cell><cell>733. A 754. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens & ſubſtantiam non eſſe vnum cauſſa ſubiecti.</cell><cell>733. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens, & ſubſtantia quomodo fiant vnum.</cell><cell>733. D 734. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis definitionem compleri per ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>734. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis genera vnde exiſtant.</cell><cell>734. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis eſſe eſt in ſubſtantia.</cell><cell>734. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens non ſimpliciter ens.</cell><cell>734. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis ſubiectum duplex.</cell><cell>734. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis poteſtas in materia quæ.</cell><cell>734. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia non tribui ſoli materiæ.</cell><cell>734. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia pro differentia ſubſtantiam ſumunt.</cell><cell>735. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens vt ſe habeat ad formam.</cell><cell>735. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens vt ſit indiuidui perfectio.</cell><cell>735. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia numero differentia quomodo exiſtant in vno indiuiduo.</cell><cell>737. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentibus deſcribi ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>746. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens & ſubſtantiam carere medio.</cell><cell>749. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens & ſubſtantiam inter ſe <expan abbr="quandoq́">quandoque</expan>. conuenire.</cell><cell>754. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentium formas non eſſe ſimplices.</cell><cell>776. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia quomodo permutentur.</cell><cell>790. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia plura ſimilia'ne ſint in vno ſubiecto.</cell><cell>790. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentis duplex eſt genus.</cell><cell>801. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia varia cur non retineant idem ſubiectum.</cell><cell>802. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia exiſtunt ex actu.</cell><cell>902. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentia quæ communiter, & vniuocè, ineſſe poſsint in Cęlo, & Elementis.</cell><cell>908. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidens, vt intereat.</cell><cell>919. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Accidentium non eſſe ideam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiæ.</cell><cell>990. F 993. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Acetum tritico pondus afferre.</cell><cell>486. F</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ακόυιτον</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>487. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Achillis Statij de quiete terræ ſententia.</cell><cell>445. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ακρίβεια</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>53. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio, & paſsio, vt diſtinguuntur à prędicamentis.</cell><cell>142. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio, & paſsio, vt ſint ad aliquid.</cell><cell>142. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio vt ſit in agente.</cell><cell>144. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio à latinis male accepta.</cell><cell>145. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio à Gręcis variis nominibus exprimitur.</cell><cell>145. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio, & paſsio quomodo vnum.</cell><cell>146. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio ſit'ne perfectio agentis.</cell><cell>147. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio quomodo producatur.</cell><cell>152. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio violenta quo'nam velut habitu nitatur.</cell><cell>290. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio naturalis quo'nam velut habitu conſiſtat.</cell><cell>290. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actiones extrinſecus quæ.</cell><cell>291. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Actiones multis modis.</cell><cell>300. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio, & paſsio includunt oppoſitionem vel formalem, vel virtualem.</cell><cell>350. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio proficiſcatur'ne ab omni exuperantia.</cell><cell>532. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio formaliter vt diſtinguatur ab efficientia.</cell><cell>658. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actionem non ſemper variari per ſe, ſed per accidens.</cell><cell>702. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio fit ab actu ſecundo.</cell><cell>764. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio præcedens & ſubſequens habitum quomodo di-ſtinguatur.</cell><cell>766. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Actionis amplitudo duplici de cauſſa.</cell><cell>787. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio ab æqualibus'ne procedat.</cell><cell>800. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actio'ne à toto aduerſus partem procedat.</cell><cell>800. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus proximus & remotus.</cell><cell>29. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus, & poteſtas perfecta, & imperfecta.</cell><cell>29. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus effici in patiente bene affecto.</cell><cell>30. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus & poteſtas non ſunt contraria.</cell><cell>31. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actum afferre nomen.</cell><cell>13. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus, & poteſtatis vim primus oſtendit Ariſtoteles.</cell><cell>120. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus, & potentia vt partiantur ens.</cell><cell>127. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus, & poteſtas variis modis.</cell><cell>128. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus, & poteſtas quo pacto diſtinguntur à differentiis.</cell><cell>128. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus accidentis vt ſe habeat.</cell><cell>128. H</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Actus quis prædicetur de motu.</cell><cell>134. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus a Gręcis multis modis appellatur.</cell><cell>134. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus omnis, vt eſt à forma.</cell><cell>252. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actum omnis mutationis terminum eſſe.</cell><cell>183. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus communiter acceptus.</cell><cell>183. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus ipſi repugnant non habitus.</cell><cell>184. F 799. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus multiplex.</cell><cell>270. F. 293. B 957. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus imperfectus vtrum naſcatur ex habitu, nec'ne.</cell><cell>282. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Actuum ad habitus ratio triplex.</cell><cell>283. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus accidentis ab actu ſubſtantiæ quomodo diſtin-guantur in productione.</cell><cell>283. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus omnis affert perfectionem.</cell><cell>284. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus ſecundus, vt eſt ſubſtantia.</cell><cell>287. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus ſecundus non tollit primum.</cell><cell>288. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus vel tranſiens, vel immanens.</cell><cell>291. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus internus quis.</cell><cell>291. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus, & poteſtas ſibi proportione reſpondent.</cell><cell>293. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus perfectus, & imperfectus quis.</cell><cell>293. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Actum communicari totum.</cell><cell>565. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actum prędicari.</cell><cell>565. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus, & poteſtatis natura explicatur.</cell><cell>568. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus æternus.</cell><cell>569. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus entitatiuus.</cell><cell>569. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus habitudo ad poteſtatem multiplex.</cell><cell>598. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus ſecundus eſt diuiduus, ſed per accidens.</cell><cell>765. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus ſecundus dupliciter minuitur.</cell><cell>765. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus oppoſitorum in materia dupliciter.</cell><cell>771. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus vt minor potentia & priuatione.</cell><cell>910. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> poteſtatis gradus.</cell><cell>902. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus diſtinctio ſit'ne cognitio compoſita.</cell><cell>907. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actus pluribus modis exprimitur ab Ariſtotele.</cell><cell>909. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Actuoſum & patibile eſſe etiam terminos primi philo-ſophi.</cell><cell>134. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Actuoſę qualitates cur ita dictæ.</cell><cell>161. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Actuoſum vt motui, & mutationi conuenit.</cell><cell>172. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Actuoſum multiplex.</cell><cell>172. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ad aliquid vt abſoluta ſint.</cell><cell>19. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Addere & multiplicare quid differant.</cell><cell>73. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Admonitio quid.</cell><cell>96. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Adoleſcentes cur ſonnolentiores, cur minus catarrhis abundent, cur minus pingui redundent, & <expan abbr="excremẽtis">excrementis</expan>.</cell><cell>695. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Adſiſtentia quid.</cell><cell>901. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ægydij ſententia de ſubiecto Phyſicę.</cell><cell>64. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Æquale & inæquale non opponi ſelatiuè.</cell><cell>768. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Aer poſitum principium, & cur.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Aer eſt aqua humidior.</cell><cell>775. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ætus cauſſa ex D. Thoma.</cell><cell>445. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ætas quid.</cell><cell>711. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ætatis differentiæ variæ cauſſæ, & varij modi.</cell><cell>691. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Æternum duplex.</cell><cell>816. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Æterna non omnia cauſſa vacant.</cell><cell>821. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Æuum cur ab Ariſtotele prętermiſſum.</cell><cell>881. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Æuum vt à Deo diſtinguatur.</cell><cell>882. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Afficiens materiam & agens quo pacto idem.</cell><cell>195. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Affectio quæ ineſt per genus, non ineſt in ſpecie per ſe.</cell><cell>231. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Affectiones propriæ multis modis.</cell><cell>50. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Affectionum pręuiarum ratio.</cell><cell>3<gap></gap>4. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Affectus temperandi non tollendi.</cell><cell>53. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Affectus ſint ne in parte rationis compote.</cell><cell>587. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Affirmatio & negatio non vniuoca.</cell><cell>91. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere non ſemper eſſe cauſſæ efficientis.</cell><cell>115. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere, & pati prędicamenta.</cell><cell>142. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere, & pati non ſunt ad aliquid.</cell><cell>142. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Agentis conditiones.</cell><cell>144. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Agens in multis generibus.</cell><cell>144. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Agens in ſubſtantia quo differat à reliquis agentibus.</cell><cell>144. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Agentis per ſe conditiones.</cell><cell>144. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Agentis per accidens conditiones.</cell><cell>144. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Agens cur hoc afficiat non quærendum.</cell><cell>144. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Agentis habitudo ad patiens.</cell><cell>152. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Agens, & afficiens materiam quo pacto idem.</cell><cell>195. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Agens poſsit ne plus quam patiens.</cell><cell>295. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Agens dare perfectionem quid.</cell><cell>276. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus quo duplex.</cell><cell>239. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere ſecundum formam duplex.</cell><cell>361. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere duplex.</cell><cell>729. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere, & eſſe quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>741. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Agentia non vniuoca non tantum dare, <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> habent.</cell><cell>775. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere, & pati quomodo differant à mouere, & moueri.</cell><cell>785. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere, & pati non diſtinctum ab Ariſtotele in ſuas no-tiones, ſed tangere & tangi.</cell><cell>785. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Agere aliquid vltra ſuum gradum.</cell><cell>728. H 793. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Agilitatem corporum adiuuantia quæ.</cell><cell>451. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Agentium diſtributio.</cell><cell>65. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Agens agendo bene ſe habere.</cell><cell>1000. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Agrippę Menenij dictum.</cell><cell>1011. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Alens cur habeatur ſine materia.</cell><cell>712. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Alere officium cordis.</cell><cell>688. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexander notatur.</cell><cell>31. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexandri Aphrodiſęi laus.</cell><cell>40. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexander notatus de oppoſitione contrariorum.</cell><cell>143. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexander notas quia collocarit motum in tertia ſpecie qualitatis.</cell><cell>148. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexandri dictum quòd actio qualitatis eſt alteratio ni-ſi promotio fiat ad ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>165. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexandri ſententia exponitur de motu elementorum.</cell><cell>299. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexandri opinio de moto tetræ.</cell><cell>445. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexandri locus interpretatus.</cell><cell>752. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Alexandrinorum philoſophorum mos.</cell><cell>715. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Αλίβαντες</foreign> cur mortui dicantur.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Alimenti natura non ſedulò ab Ariſtotele tractata in li-bris quos habemus.</cell><cell>689. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Alimentum quomodo extrinſecum.</cell><cell>695. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Alimentum duplex.</cell><cell>711. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Allij & magnetis antipathia.</cell><cell>743. B</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Αλλοίὼσις</foreign>, quid exprimat.</cell><cell>723. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Alloſtogia quid.</cell><cell>943. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Alphi & Anaſarca cauſſæ.</cell><cell>688. G</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Αλφάριον</foreign> inſtrumentum Mathematicum.</cell><cell>449. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratio vt naſcatur in materia.</cell><cell>162. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratio multiplex in animante.</cell><cell>681. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Alterationes & auctiones in animato geminæ.</cell><cell>682. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Alterationem aliquam eſſe propriam viuentis.</cell><cell>703. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratio, & generatio quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>730. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratio ſemper affert noxam.</cell><cell>742. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratio ſolum ſpectat ad primas qualitates.</cell><cell>745. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratio regulis proportionum ſubiicitur.</cell><cell>783. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratio noxia duplex.</cell><cell>910. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratio noxia ſit ne in cęlo.</cell><cell>910. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratrix in viuente quibus fungatur officiis.</cell><cell>688. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratricis quot partes.</cell><cell>688. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Alteratur quæ & quo augetur, vt differunt.</cell><cell>681. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Alterari, & fieri quomodo conueniant.</cell><cell>742 G</cell></row> <row><cell>Alterari, & fieri non eodem modo procedere.</cell><cell>783. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ambigua, & vniuoca non carere medio.</cell><cell>90. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Amor ſit'ne eſſentia mundi.</cell><cell>957. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Amor & conſilium primos eſſe rerum genitores.</cell><cell>998. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Amare quid.</cell><cell>393. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Analogia ad reſoluentem refertur.</cell><cell>97. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Analogiæ officium.</cell><cell>97. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Analoga quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>984. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Analytica viliſsima.</cell><cell>51. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Analytica ordine reſolutiuo confecta.</cell><cell>104. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Anaſarca & Alphi cauſſæ.</cell><cell>688. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Anaxagoræ opinio.</cell><cell>114. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Anaxagoras & ſi ponit efficiens, eo non vtitur.</cell><cell>114. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Anaxarchus omnia demonſtrationi ſubiecit.</cell><cell>236. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Anaximandri opinio quæ.</cell><cell>112. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Anaximandri opinio de terrę quiete.</cell><cell>447. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Anaximenis opinio quæ.</cell><cell>112. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Anguilla exanimis cur non fluitat.</cell><cell>495. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Angulus in <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> ſtructura validius conſtat.</cell><cell>415. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Angulus ſit'ne terminus an quantum.</cell><cell>660. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Angulus contactus quis.</cell><cell>660. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Animi cognitio quomodo acquiritur.</cell><cell>97. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus ſit'ne natura.</cell><cell>238. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus vt efficiat motum.</cell><cell>239. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus habeat'ne rationem finis in eodem ſubiecto.</cell><cell>239. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus vt natura.</cell><cell>233. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus eſt finis dupliciter.</cell><cell>387. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus, vt imponit modum calori.</cell><cell>677. D 687. C 100. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus ſit ne totus in toto.</cell><cell>711. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Animæ migratio non datur.</cell><cell>812. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Animus quomodo ſe ipſum moueat.</cell><cell>791. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Anima, & vita ſint'ne diuerſę.</cell><cell>925. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Animi pars quæ alteratur.</cell><cell>743. B</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Animi facultates quomodo ſint habitus.</cell><cell>744. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Animi habitus qui circa verum quomodo conſiſtunt in animo.</cell><cell>744. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Animi habitus non omnes ſunt in eo ſubiecto infixi, in quo præceſsit affectio.</cell><cell>744. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Anima cęli non vniuoce cum noſtra dicitur.</cell><cell>747. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Animæ omnia plena.</cell><cell>747. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Anima cęli ſit'ne natura.</cell><cell>498. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Animam ſentientem non eſſe in cęlo.</cell><cell>949. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Anima cęli <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ſit corporea facultas, vt moueat perpetuo.</cell><cell>960. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Anima cęli quæ ſit.</cell><cell>945. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Anima ſit'ne natura.</cell><cell>944. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Anima cęli, vt maneat immobilis.</cell><cell>948. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Anima cęli quomodo coniungitur cum intelligentia.</cell><cell>949. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Animal non ſolum à ſe ipſo, ſed ab alio concitari quate-nus animal.</cell><cell>322. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Animal duplici motui ſubiectum.</cell><cell>322. G 351. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Animalium tria genera cum quattuor ſint elementa.</cell><cell>384. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Animalibus certum locum deberi.</cell><cell>430. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Animalia ſuffocata quomodo merguntur.</cell><cell>495. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Animalia in cauernis quomodo alantur.</cell><cell>695. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Animalis partes non eſſe animalia.</cell><cell>711. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Animal quomodo vnum.</cell><cell>832. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Animalis motus ſit'ne ſecundum, an præter naturam.</cell><cell>838. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Animal eſſe quod primo mouetur à ſeipſo.</cell><cell>839. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Animalia cur intra ſe <expan abbr="internũ">internum</expan> habeant quo innitantur.</cell><cell>937. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Animatum eſſe moueri à ſe ipſo, & diuidi in partem mouentem & partem motam eſſe reciproca.</cell><cell>321. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ante & poſt quibus modis capiantur.</cell><cell>817. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Antipathię cauſſa.</cell><cell>404. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Antiperiſtaſis quomodo ſuppeditet actionem contra-riis.</cell><cell>500. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Antiperiſtaſis, vt à Platone accipiatur.</cell><cell>503. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Antiperiſtaſin non fieri per commotionem ſolius qua-litatis.</cell><cell>782. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Antiperiſtaſis, vt augeat vires.</cell><cell>792. E</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ἀντιτυπὲς, & στερὲον</foreign> quid, & quæ illorum.</cell><cell>718. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Apoteleſma quomodo diſtinguitur à parte.</cell><cell>386. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus humanus quando fruſtratur.</cell><cell>294. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitu quæ fiunt non fiunt vi.</cell><cell>369. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus excepto Deo per omnia pertinet.</cell><cell>390. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus facultas patibilis.</cell><cell>390. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus eſt in efficiente & materia.</cell><cell>390. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus in homine naturalis facultas.</cell><cell>390. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus duplex.</cell><cell>391. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus naturalis quis.</cell><cell>391. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus non eſt mali.</cell><cell>391. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitum naturalem conſiſtere tribus.</cell><cell>392. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus origo duplex in materia.</cell><cell>393. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus vt ſit peioris.</cell><cell>395. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus per ſe ſemper eſt melioris.</cell><cell>395. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus complacentiæ.</cell><cell>390. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus qui reſpicit tempus, eſt voluntas.</cell><cell>396. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus quid.</cell><cell>229. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus cauſſa motus propinquior.</cell><cell>831. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitus multiplex naturalis & animalis, & qui ſint & quorum.</cell><cell>997. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetere quid.</cell><cell>393. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Appeti ipſum eſſe naturaliter.</cell><cell>397. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Appeti non eſſe per accidens.</cell><cell>398. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Appeti ab efficiente naturali bonum vere.</cell><cell>398. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Appeti à voluntario etiam bonum apparens.</cell><cell>398. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Appeti non bonitatem ſimpliciter, ſed huius.</cell><cell>399. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetenti potentia duplex.</cell><cell>405. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetitrix vt alteretur.</cell><cell>743. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Appetens, & appetendum omne rerum genus comple-ctuntur.</cell><cell>829. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Appoſitio duplex ſecundum rationem & ſecundum rem.</cell><cell>55. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Appropriatio quid.</cell><cell>901. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ἅπτεσθαι & Απτόμενα</foreign> quam vim habeant.</cell><cell>785. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua cur principium poſita.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua minimum omnium elementorum.</cell><cell>113. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua pura calefiat'ne.</cell><cell>409. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Aquæ locus.</cell><cell>458. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua per colationem amittit ſalſedinem.</cell><cell>426. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua per quantum ſpatium efferatur.</cell><cell>476. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Aquæ leuitas, vt à medicis examinetur.</cell><cell>485. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua maris ponderoſior in ſummo.</cell><cell>491. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Aquæ in quibus ægrè grauia mergantur.</cell><cell>492. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua concalefacta cur magis refrigeretur.</cell><cell>222. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua quatenus frigida nuncupetur.</cell><cell>764. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua vt eſt terra frigidior.</cell><cell>775. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Aqua calida aduerſetur'ne incenſioni ſtupę ex phiala.</cell><cell>786. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Aquam non conuerti in vinum.</cell><cell>688. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Arbores erectæ cur facilius pondera ſuſtineant.</cell><cell>415. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Archimedis aſtutia.</cell><cell>658. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Archimedis ſententia de grauium ſuſpenſione in aquis.</cell><cell>446. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Archimedes notatur.</cell><cell>494. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Architectonicarum varij gradus.</cell><cell>49. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Argenti fuſilis facultas.</cell><cell>496. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Argumenti retortio quid præſtet, & quid ſignificet.</cell><cell>356. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Arietis marini mos.</cell><cell>490. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtarchus Mathematicus terram volui cenſuit.</cell><cell>445. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtippi apothegma.</cell><cell>284. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtoteles, vt nihil ſine valida ratione dixerit.</cell><cell>11. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtotelis locus èx. primæ philoſophiæ animaduerſus.</cell><cell>32. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtoteles & Galenus methodum ſoli profitentur.</cell><cell>104. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtotelis defenſio.</cell><cell>111. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtoteles primus qui ſubſtantiam ſeparatam metho-do perſecutus eſt.</cell><cell>111. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtoteles accuſatus, quòd myſteria philoſophiæ pro-palauerit.</cell><cell>112. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtorelis dictum cur generans officio fungatur in pun-cto temporis.</cell><cell>165. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtotelis mos in accipiendis falſis aliorum opinionibus.</cell><cell>414. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtoteles ab obiectione Galeni defenſus.</cell><cell>464. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtotelis locus emendatus.</cell><cell>475. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtoteles oppugnatur à multis de motu proiectorum.</cell><cell>504. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Ariſtotelis liber de prece.</cell><cell>972. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Armentorum cura ad prolem.</cell><cell>692. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Artes miniſtræ naturæ.</cell><cell>24. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ars vt perficiat ea quæ natura inchoauit.</cell><cell>24. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Artium variæ ſpecies.</cell><cell>31. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Artes omnibus modis cedere philoſophiæ.</cell><cell>51. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ars ſaltandi quod' nam principium motus.</cell><cell>239. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ars res artificioſa.</cell><cell>228. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Artis, & naturæ ſimilitudo in operando.</cell><cell>992. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Aſſenſus omni rationi comitatur.</cell><cell>835. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Aſtronomus, vt de ſubſtantia ſimplici tractet.</cell><cell>87. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Atlas quid.</cell><cell>936. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Atrophiæ ſpecies.</cell><cell>888. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Attractio & impulſio cauſſæ raritatis, & denſitatis.</cell><cell>720. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctiones, & alterationes in animato geminæ.</cell><cell>682. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctio fiat'ne ſecundum formam, an ſecundum <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>.</cell><cell>685. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctio fiat'ne ſecundum formam partium vniformium.</cell><cell>686. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctio quo fiat, & quomodo.</cell><cell>688. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctio vt fiat è non quanto.</cell><cell>690. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctio cur animanti neceſſaria.</cell><cell>691. C 656. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctio multiplex.</cell><cell>696. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctionem non eſſe formaliter extentionem.</cell><cell>698. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctionem temporis puncto non fieri.</cell><cell>698. F 699. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctionem poſſe eſſe motum continuum.</cell><cell>700. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctio quomodo fiat ſecundum formam.</cell><cell>714. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctionis abſoluta ratio.</cell><cell>715. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctionis definitio.</cell><cell>717. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctio tripliciter labefactatur.</cell><cell>739. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Augentia principia quæ.</cell><cell>677. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Augetur quo & quo alteratur, vt differunt.</cell><cell>681. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Augeantur'ne in ſenio viuentia.</cell><cell>691. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Augeri viuens non formam, nec figuram.</cell><cell>703. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois locus illuſtratus.</cell><cell>11. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerroes explicatus.</cell><cell>13. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois auctoritas obſeruata.</cell><cell>32. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois locus examinatus.</cell><cell>43. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois dicta defenſa.</cell><cell>44. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerroes in Auicennam ad quęſtionem de ſubſtantiis à materia liberis.</cell><cell>60. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois ſententia de genere motus.</cell><cell>139. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois ſententia probatur de generatione ſubſtantiæ.</cell><cell>169. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois varietas de ordine formarum.</cell><cell>175. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois opinio de productione formarum.</cell><cell>191. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois & Auicennæ diſcrimen.</cell><cell>235. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois loca notata.</cell><cell>235. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois digreſsio de 7. Phyſ.</cell><cell>253. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois dictum defenditur.</cell><cell>262. F</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Auerrois dictum notatum.</cell><cell>262. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois dictum in bonam partem accipitur.</cell><cell>359. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerroes defenditur.</cell><cell>364. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois dictum perpenditur.</cell><cell>369. A 371. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerroes caſtigatus.</cell><cell>771. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Auerrois digreſsio explanatur.</cell><cell>706. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Auicennæ ſententia de productione formarum.</cell><cell>191. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Auicennę & Auerrois diſcrimen.</cell><cell>235. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auicennæ ſententia de definitione naturæ.</cell><cell>235. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Auicennæ laus.</cell><cell>758. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Auium rapacium fabrica.</cell><cell>491. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Auctor libri de elementis.</cell><cell>786. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Axiomata quemadmodum in ſcientia tractetur.</cell><cell>44. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Axiomata non tractari à primo philoſopho, vt principia aliarum ſcientiarum.</cell><cell>44. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Axiomata non demonſtrari à primo philoſopho.</cell><cell>49. A</cell></row> <row><cell>B.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>BACVLVS ſi procumbat in aquis, vnde ſit princi-pium motus.</cell><cell>495. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Balneum quomodo moueat vt finis.</cell><cell>405. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Bene eſt cauſſa vt finis.</cell><cell>405. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Beneficium duplex.</cell><cell>824. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Beſtias cognoſcere ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>8. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Bipenni oblique cur ferimus.</cell><cell>415. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum duplex.</cell><cell>57. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum primum cuique expetendum.</cell><cell>292. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Boni & honeſti differentiæ.</cell><cell>390. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum formæ non ſimpliciter.</cell><cell>390. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum primum variis modis à <expan abbr="quoq.">quoque</expan> expetitur.</cell><cell>392. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonam malam'ue fortunam ambigue dici.</cell><cell>636. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum multiplex.</cell><cell>828. H 1002. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum externum multiplex.</cell><cell>1000. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum primum contrario caret.</cell><cell>1002. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum quid.</cell><cell>1002. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonum tripliciter.</cell><cell>1002. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Bonitas cur habitui tribuitur.</cell><cell>745. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Boreæ ab initio vehementiores.</cell><cell>413. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Breuitas orationis non laudanda.</cell><cell>95. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Brutorum formę diis attributæ.</cell><cell>53. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Byzantini philoſophi.</cell><cell>715. D</cell></row> <row><cell>C.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>CADAVERIS forma quæ.</cell><cell>600. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor à liquore non ſeparatur.</cell><cell>486. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor non eſt tractionis cauſſa.</cell><cell>488. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor animalis & quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>684. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor igneus quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>684. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor ſit'ne cauſſa ſimpliciter raritatis.</cell><cell>721. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Calorem & frigus augeri pręter naturam.</cell><cell>721. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor febrilis quomodo diſtinguatur à naturali.</cell><cell>735. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor natiuus quę qualitatis ſpecies.</cell><cell>736. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor habitus & patibilis qualitas.</cell><cell>740. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor vt ſit duplex in elemento.</cell><cell>747. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor in ſubiecto multifariam.</cell><cell>752. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor accidens, & calor ſubſtantia non idem in elemen-to & mixto.</cell><cell>754. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor ſine humore non conſiſtit.</cell><cell>758. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Calor non idem in igni vocato & elemento.</cell><cell>793. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Calidum multiplex.</cell><cell>736. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Calidum multis modis.</cell><cell>774. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Calidum prima qualitas omnium.</cell><cell>774. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Calidum ignis vt diſtinguatur à calido aëris.</cell><cell>778. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Canthari vitrei ſi fundo percutiantur, non franguntur.</cell><cell>415. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Caput marinę teſtudinis amputatum viuere.</cell><cell>259. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cardanus notatur.</cell><cell>164. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cardani ratio ad oſtendendam perpetuitatem motus.</cell><cell>836. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Caſpium mare cum Euxino coniunctum.</cell><cell>836. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Caſus ſit'ne cauſſa certa.</cell><cell>609. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Categoriis explicari ſententiam compoſitam.</cell><cell>175. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſa non concurrente quid agendum in methodo.</cell><cell>11. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſę omnes poſſunt eſſe ſubiectum inhęſionis.</cell><cell>18. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſa multis modis.</cell><cell>28. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum de ordine nonnulla.</cell><cell>28. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ vniuocę ſint'ne præſtantiores effectibus.</cell><cell>28. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum, & effectuum ſimilitudo.</cell><cell>29. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum genus duplex.</cell><cell>25. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ & definitiones, vt tractentur in ſcientiis.</cell><cell>44. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ cur elementa vocatæ.</cell><cell>66. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ quæ ſunt accipiendę in ſcientiis.</cell><cell>67. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum tractatio varia.</cell><cell>68. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſas omnes vniuocas eſſe effectibus.</cell><cell>135. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſa prima vel per aſsignationem vel per naturam.</cell><cell>231. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſę vt inferantur ex ſyllogiſmo logico.</cell><cell>237. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum character communis.</cell><cell>247. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum ordo in propagandis effectibus.</cell><cell>309. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum ordo duplex & ex mente, & ex re.</cell><cell>310. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſę medium quomodo habent.</cell><cell>310. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ externæ ſunt tantum cauſſæ generationis.</cell><cell>310. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ vt demonſtrationi applicandæ.</cell><cell>311. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum proprij characteres.</cell><cell>385. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſa, & principium non ſunt idem.</cell><cell>542. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum modo, eſſe non ſpecies.</cell><cell>542. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſa definita quæ.</cell><cell>610. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ communes quomodo.</cell><cell>1003. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſas per accidens infinitas eſſe poſſe.</cell><cell>822. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum & effectuum ordo.</cell><cell>825. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſas habentia non eſſe accipienda, vt nota.</cell><cell>821. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ ſecundæ quę.</cell><cell>1004. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſa omnis agendo requirit determinationem.</cell><cell>1004. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ determinantes quæ.</cell><cell>1005. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum communium comparatio.</cell><cell>1005. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum ſecundarum eſſe aliquod munus.</cell><cell>1006. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſæ primæ munera expediuntur.</cell><cell>1007. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cauſſarum ſecundarum vires explorantur.</cell><cell>1007. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum vniuersè ad omnia, ſpeciatim ad aliquas animi partes concurrere.</cell><cell>194. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum animal.</cell><cell>358. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum corpus organicum.</cell><cell>358. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum quomodo reſiſtentiæ obnoxium.</cell><cell>358. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęli quali polleat appetitu.</cell><cell>359. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum appetit ſine vlla præuia affectione.</cell><cell>405. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlo differentiæ loci quemadmodum competant.</cell><cell>426. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum quomodo conſeruetur à loco.</cell><cell>430. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum non habere ius in animum noſtrum.</cell><cell>607. B 609. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum vt ſit obnoxium diuiſioni.</cell><cell>661. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlo vt conueniat vbi.</cell><cell>868. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum habere qualitates inſitas, quarum quæ in ele-mentis ſunt imagines.</cell><cell>896. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum æternum à Barbaris'ne acceptum.</cell><cell>897. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęli ſit'ne ſubiectum an materia.</cell><cell>899. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum dupliciter ſumitur.</cell><cell>901. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęli forma quomodo perhibetur <foreign lang="grc">συνουσιωμένη</foreign>.</cell><cell>903. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum dici formam.</cell><cell>908. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęli motum animalem & naturalem eſſe ſimul.</cell><cell>938. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęli motum continere aliquid imperfectionis.</cell><cell>938. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęli differentias in ſitu eſſe ex natura.</cell><cell>941. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęlum eſſe primum efficiens.</cell><cell>998. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Cęli finis quis.</cell><cell>1006. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Centrum tranſiliatur'ne in motu naturali.</cell><cell>221. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Centrum vt differat ab aliis locis.</cell><cell>223. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Centrum mundi quod natura ſit.</cell><cell>457. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Centrum in grauibus, vt deprehendendum.</cell><cell>531. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Centri virtutem eſſe, non terræ.</cell><cell>937. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Centrum vt ſit cęli locus.</cell><cell>868. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Certitudo ſcientiarum.</cell><cell>13. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ceſsio non eſt motus ſecundum locum.</cell><cell>366. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Chaos eſt aqua.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Chymia.</cell><cell>636. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Circulus in ortu rerum.</cell><cell>185. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Circulus in motu quot modis.</cell><cell>514. E 515. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Clepſidræ cur aquam non demittant.</cell><cell>446. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Cognoſci referri ad aliquid tripliciter.</cell><cell>669. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Colores medios componi ſicut ex habitu, & priuatione.</cell><cell>771. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Colorum compoſitio quincuplex.</cell><cell>771. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Combuſtilium conditiones quæ.</cell><cell>820. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Commeantia non eſſe æquè nota.</cell><cell>65. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum ab aliquibus nomina dicta.</cell><cell>89. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum quid.</cell><cell>89. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Commune ad vnum non diſtribuitur per differentias di-uidentes.</cell><cell>89. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Commune ad vnum ratione prius tantum.</cell><cell>89. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Commune ad vnum excluditur definitione.</cell><cell>90. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Communis ad vnum nomen vnde ſumatur.</cell><cell>90. E</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum cur ab Ariſtotele prætermiſſa.</cell><cell>90. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Commune ad vnum à notiore conſequi nomem.</cell><cell>90. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum deriuari ab omni genere <expan abbr="cauſſarũ">cauſſarum</expan>.</cell><cell>90. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum, & ab vno.</cell><cell>91. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Commune ad vnum vt accipiatur in definitionibus.</cell><cell>91. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Communis ad vnum notio prior & ſimplicior.</cell><cell>91. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Communis ad vnum partes eo priores.</cell><cell>92. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum non prędicari in primo modo.</cell><cell>92. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum nihil ponere in ſuis partibus præ-ter ordinem.</cell><cell>92. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Communis ad vnum partes non explicari per genus & differentias.</cell><cell>93. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Communis ad vnum differentiæ quæ ſint.</cell><cell>93. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Communis ad vnum partes carere definitione <expan abbr="cõmuni">communi</expan>.</cell><cell>93. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Commune ad vnum non admittere demonſtrationem.</cell><cell>93. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum vt demonſtrationi ſubuciantur.</cell><cell>93. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Communibus ad vnum quæ methodus apta ſit.</cell><cell>93. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Commune omnium genus analogum non dari.</cell><cell>93. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Communiſsimam differentiam non dari.</cell><cell>93. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Communibus cur interdum ſpecialia præponantur.</cell><cell>102. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Commune ad vnum vt ſubiiciatur compoſitioni, & re-ſolutioni.</cell><cell>103. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia ad vnum non ſignificare formas <expan abbr="cõmunes">communes</expan>.</cell><cell>584. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Communia vniuoca à ſibi proximè ſubiectis ſingulari-bus colligi.</cell><cell>585. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Comparatio latius accipi ſolita.</cell><cell>520. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Comparatio Rhetorica; & Dialectica quo <expan abbr="diſtinguãtur">diſtinguantur</expan>.</cell><cell>521. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Comparata obtineant'ne rationem communem quæ ab intentione formali accipitur.</cell><cell>521. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Compendium vt cadat in methodum.</cell><cell>95. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſita quot modis.</cell><cell>34. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſita non definiri.</cell><cell>83. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſiti, vt ſit definitio.</cell><cell>83. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſita nota nobis multis modis.</cell><cell>97. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitio ſola facit ſcientiam.</cell><cell>97. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitio & reſolutio ſemper à notis nobis.</cell><cell>98. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitio complectitur omnia munera <foreign lang="grc">διανοίας</foreign>.</cell><cell>99. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitum quomodo ſubiectum accidentis.</cell><cell>185. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitum cur magis ſubſtantia perhibetur.</cell><cell>188. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitum non eſſe finem cui.</cell><cell>188. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitum exiſtere ex conſequenti.</cell><cell>188. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitum quomodo finis generationis.</cell><cell>199. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitum verò corrumpi.</cell><cell>189. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitum ſignificat actum & poteſtatem.</cell><cell>190. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſiti perfectio vnde exiſtat.</cell><cell>314. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſita non eſſe ſolum animata.</cell><cell>378. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitio ſemper flagitat rationem actus & poteſta-tes.</cell><cell>383. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitionis modi plures.</cell><cell>524. E 542. F 651. D 981. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitum eſſe magis hoc aliquid.</cell><cell>574. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitio phyſica & metaphsyſica.</cell><cell>771. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitio quæ conſtat cum ſimplicitate ſpeciei.</cell><cell>771. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitionis quod genus in mentibus beatis.</cell><cell>985. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitionis genus in rebus materiatis.</cell><cell>967. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitio per adſiſtentiam quę.</cell><cell>901. B quotuplex C.</cell></row> <row><cell>Compoſitio formalis quid.</cell><cell>901. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Concordia formarum triplex.</cell><cell>334. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Conditiones ad agendum requiſitæ.</cell><cell>617. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Confuſa quæ & quicus modis.</cell><cell>34. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Confuſa etiam compoſita.</cell><cell>34. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Conſiderare quid.</cell><cell>76. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Conſilium & amorem primos eſſe rerum genitores.</cell><cell>998. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Conſolatio mœſtis tempore adhibenda.</cell><cell>415. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Conſuetudo quid.</cell><cell>5. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Conſuetudo quo differat ab experientia.</cell><cell>5. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Conſuetudo & experientia quemadmodum efficiant no-titiam principiorum.</cell><cell>5. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Conſuetudo quantum valeat ad faciendam fidem.</cell><cell>6. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Conſuetudinis vis.</cell><cell>100. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Contactus virtualis quid.</cell><cell>901. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Contemplari quid.</cell><cell>50. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contemplari communiter pertinet ad omnes naturas.</cell><cell>50. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contemplantium præſtantia.</cell><cell>52. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens mutari in neceſſarium quando contingit.</cell><cell>200. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens quid.</cell><cell>611. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens & poſsibile idem.</cell><cell>612. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens magis opponitur neceſſario, quàm impoſ-ſibile.</cell><cell>615. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens multis modis.</cell><cell>615. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens continere poteſtatem.</cell><cell>615. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens non eſſe ſolum quo ad nos.</cell><cell>617. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens ſit'ne forma an priuatio.</cell><cell>618. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens vt degeneret in neceſſarium.</cell><cell>618. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingentium diſtributio.</cell><cell>620. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Contingens aliquid eſſe ſimpliciter apud Ariſtotelem.</cell><cell>967. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Continere aliquid non tollere eius vſum.</cell><cell>590. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Continens contento maius eſt.</cell><cell>433. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Continuationis in motu cauſſa.</cell><cell>205. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Continuationis in motu cauſſa prima.</cell><cell>205. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Continui plures gradus.</cell><cell>206. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Continuitatis cauſſæ multæ.</cell><cell>206. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Continuum cur in alteratione <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in latione requiritur.</cell><cell>207. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Continuam non eſſe neceſſariò generationem.</cell><cell>207. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Continua multis modis.</cell><cell>220. G 339. C. 841. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Continua de incorporeis dici.</cell><cell>258. G</cell></row> <row><cell><expan abbr="Cõtinuatio">Continuatio</expan> ſpatij ſit'ne neceſſaria in <expan abbr="cõtinuatione">continuatione</expan> mot{9}.</cell><cell>220. H.</cell></row> <row><cell>Continuum, vt in demonſtratione VII. Phyſ. ſumatur.</cell><cell>339. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Continuitas cauſſa in auctione.</cell><cell>701. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Continuitas vt ſit mouenti tribuenda.</cell><cell>841. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Contractio termini ad quem & abiectio termini à quo ſint'ne idem motus.</cell><cell>766. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria prima quæ.</cell><cell>16. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria prima vt reſpiciant genus.</cell><cell>16. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria vt duo.</cell><cell>16. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrariorum conditiones.</cell><cell>31. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria per ſe, vel per accidens.</cell><cell>31. C</cell></row> <row><cell><expan abbr="Cõtrariorum">Contrariorum</expan> vis à principio maior, licet victoria minor.</cell><cell>25. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria poſitiuè ſint'ne magis oppoſita, quam priua-tiuè.</cell><cell>145. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria cauſſa mutationis.</cell><cell>143. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria multis modis.</cell><cell>174. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria priuatiuè in ſubiecto.</cell><cell>174. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria quomodo denegantur ſubſtantię.</cell><cell>175. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrariorum partes.</cell><cell>177. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrariorum genus duplex.</cell><cell>179. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria, vt aliquando permaneant in generatione.</cell><cell>179. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria non eſſe terminos proximos generationis.</cell><cell>180. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria terminos eſſe proprio aliorum motuum.</cell><cell>180. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrarietas inter actus.</cell><cell>203. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrarij motus qui ſint.</cell><cell>223. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrarietas in motu vnde arceſſenda.</cell><cell>223. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrarium temperat habitum.</cell><cell>407. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrarium ſit'ne vna cauſſa, an duæ.</cell><cell>555. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria vt ſint in quantitate.</cell><cell>663. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrariorum vis.</cell><cell>764. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria plus & minus accipiunt tribus modis.</cell><cell>764. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrariorum eſſentiæ non conſiſtunt.</cell><cell>764. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria, vt conſiſtant.</cell><cell>765. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrariorum ſucceſsio quemadmodum ſe habeat.</cell><cell>773. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrariorum gradus quomodo ſubſiſtant.</cell><cell>774. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria quæ ſunt obnoxia perpeſsioni.</cell><cell>790. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrariorum materia quæ in permutatione.</cell><cell>790. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Contrarietas accipitur actu & virtute.</cell><cell>795. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Contraria loca quæ.</cell><cell>856. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Conuenientia, & diſcrepantia quibus conſiſtant.</cell><cell>857. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Conuerſio & latio differant'ne ſpecie.</cell><cell>856. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Conuerſio quæ non fit circum centrum mundi, ex qui-bus motibus compoſita.</cell><cell>376. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Conuerſio cur æterna.</cell><cell>377. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Conuerſio eſt natura difformis.</cell><cell>870. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Conuerſio vt ſit in tempore.</cell><cell>882. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Conuerſio cur ocyſsima.</cell><cell>890. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Copernici ſententia de conuerſione terrę.</cell><cell>445. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Copula quando excluditur definitione.</cell><cell>134. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Coquinaria eruditio vocata.</cell><cell>100. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Corpus naturale ſit'ne ſubiectum phyſicę.</cell><cell>64. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Corpus mobile non demonſtrari à phyſico.</cell><cell>64. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Corpus commune poſſe conſiſtere in natura.</cell><cell>183. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Corpora inter ſe non penetrare.</cell><cell>427. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Corporis notio quæ.</cell><cell>646. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Corporis forma quæ iuxta dogmata Auicennæ.</cell><cell>647. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Corpus ſenſile diuidi per primas qualitates, vt genus per differentias.</cell><cell>648. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Corpus vt ponitur ab Ariſtotele præcedere elementis.</cell><cell>648. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Corporis forma, vt principium motus.</cell><cell>652. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Corporeitas forma repudiata.</cell><cell>391. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Corruptio vox multiplex.</cell><cell>188. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptio non tribuitur actui, ſed priuationi.</cell><cell>188. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptionis termini quomodo ſumendi.</cell><cell>189. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptio nunquam ſecundum naturam ſimpliciter.</cell><cell>226. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptio aliqua præter naturam ſimpliciter.</cell><cell>226. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptio corruptioni non opponitur.</cell><cell>226. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptionis vt materia ſit cauſſa prima.</cell><cell>556. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptio vtrùm generationi præcedat.</cell><cell>556. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptio vnius quomodo ſit generatio alterius.</cell><cell>556. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptionis cauſſę.</cell><cell>917. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Corrumpere aliquid ſe ipſum contingit.</cell><cell>325. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Corruptibile quid.</cell><cell>918. C</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Κοᾶσις</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>8<gap></gap>7. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Creationem eſſe humana ratio non probat.</cell><cell>19. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Creationi phyſica argumenta adhibita diluuntur.</cell><cell>20. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Crepuſculum vbi ſolito maius.</cell><cell>391. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Crocodilus cur morſu admodum valeat.</cell><cell>416. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Cur nota cauſſæ communis omnibus.</cell><cell>385. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Currens cum ad metam peruenerit, cur ſe continere non poſsit.</cell><cell>222. E</cell></row> <row><cell>D.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>DARE eſſe multis modis.</cell><cell>730. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Dator formarum à Themiſtio, & Ioanne Gram-matico poſitus.</cell><cell>191. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Deceptio in quibus eſt.</cell><cell>837. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Deductio per tria vel per plura quid.</cell><cell>822. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio cur breuis.</cell><cell>229. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio multiplex.</cell><cell>234. G 876. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitionis officia quattuor.</cell><cell>419. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio quando ſit abſoluta.</cell><cell>467. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio, & demonſtratio, & ſyllogiſmus accipiunt res à tempore, & loco abſtractas.</cell><cell>468. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitionis partium ordo nullus.</cell><cell>471. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitiones naturales, vt per motum tradendæ.</cell><cell>79. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio, vt exponat totum.</cell><cell>83. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio, vt per formam ſolam.</cell><cell>84. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio per formam cur communis, & vana putetur.</cell><cell>85. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio omnis conſtat ex materia intelligenda.</cell><cell>81. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio quot modis paretur.</cell><cell>96. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio & demonſtratio cur inſtrumenta vocantur.</cell><cell>116. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio quiditas, & forma quam rationem inter ſe ha-beant.</cell><cell>106. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio, & demonſtratio dicitur naturalis & Mathe-matica.</cell><cell>107. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio non comprehenditur ratiocinatione.</cell><cell>133. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio quomodo colligatur.</cell><cell>133. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitionem quæ traditur per actum & poteſtatem eſ-ſe etiam naturalem.</cell><cell>133. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio nonnunquam magis pendet à genere, quàm à differentiis.</cell><cell>203. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio & eſſentia ſunt difformes.</cell><cell>586. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitionem & partes eius ſingulas prædicari in quid.</cell><cell>746. F & 748. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio vt ſit vniuerſalis.</cell><cell>987. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitio & definitum quomodo ſint eadem.</cell><cell>874. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitiones & cauſſæ vt accipiendæ in ſcientiis.</cell><cell>44. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Definitiua methodus quæ.</cell><cell>99. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Defrutum ſit'ne maioris ponderis quàm vinum.</cell><cell>486. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Deliberatiuum genus cauſſarum difficilius, quàm iudi-ciale.</cell><cell>609. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Delphin & gladius omnium natantium velociſsimi.</cell><cell>491. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Democriti opinio.</cell><cell>114. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Democritus poſuerit'ne figuras infinitas.</cell><cell>114. H 115. AC.</cell></row> <row><cell>Democritus poſuerit ne efficiens.</cell><cell>115. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Democritus ab Ariſtotele notatus quod nihil de fortu-na dixerit.</cell><cell>115. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Democritus cęteros veteres anteiuit ſapientia.</cell><cell>116. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Democriti, & Epicuri poſitio, differens de generatione.</cell><cell>537. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio quomodo certior.</cell><cell>53. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio & definitio cur inſtrumenta dicantur.</cell><cell>106. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtrationis conuerſio in definitionem.</cell><cell>131. A</cell></row> <row><cell><expan abbr="Demõſtrationem">Demonſtrationem</expan> ſequi <expan abbr="conditionẽ">conditionem</expan> prędicati & medij.</cell><cell>210. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtrationem T. 32. 6. Phyſ. eſſe imperfectam.</cell><cell>211. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtrationem. 6. pertinere ad ea quæ gignuntur.</cell><cell>211. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtrationem non omnibus conuenire.</cell><cell>236. F</cell></row> <row><cell><expan abbr="Demõſtrationes">Demonſtrationes</expan>. 7. & 8. Phyſ. quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>253. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtrationem 7. accipere totum vt quantum.</cell><cell>258. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio 7. Phyſ. ſit'ne ſignum.</cell><cell>261. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio ad impoſsibile ſit'ne à ſigno.</cell><cell>261. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtrationis ad impoſsibile proceſſus.</cell><cell>262. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio quod eſt, & <expan abbr="ſignũ">ſignum</expan> quomodo diſtinguatur.</cell><cell>262. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio quomodo accidentium.</cell><cell>298. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio ex 4. Phyſ. de vacuo.</cell><cell>353. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio non tribuitur <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> ſubiecto.</cell><cell>427. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratio, definitio, & ſyllogiſmus accipiunt res à tempore & loco abſtractas.</cell><cell>468. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Demonſtratiua methodus quæ.</cell><cell>99. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Denominatio vbi ſit à ſubiecto petenda.</cell><cell>742. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Denſitas, & raritas ſint'ne minores in elementis, an mixtis.</cell><cell>725. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Deſcriptio, vt ſe habet ad definitionem.</cell><cell>235. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Determinatio in generatione dupliciter requiritur.</cell><cell>918. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Deum ociari turpe.</cell><cell>52. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Dei cognitio qua via paretur.</cell><cell>97. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus quid à Parmenide vocatus.</cell><cell>111. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus prima entelechia.</cell><cell>136. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Deum & naturam nihil facere fruſtra quomodo intelli-gendam.</cell><cell>249. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus, quomodo intelligendum, quòd ſit propter nos.</cell><cell>296. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Dei actio ſimplex.</cell><cell>300. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus <foreign lang="grc">καλὸς</foreign>, non <foreign lang="grc">ἀγαθὸς</foreign>.</cell><cell>390. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus vbi ſit.</cell><cell>435. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus ſimpliciter neceſſarium.</cell><cell>612. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Deo cognitio rerum ſit'ne à Peripatetico tribuenda.</cell><cell>625. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Deum non eſſe auctorem bonæ fortunæ.</cell><cell>635. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Dei nulla virtus.</cell><cell>745. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Deo vt conueniat agere.</cell><cell>785. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Deo vt accedat aliqua perfectio.</cell><cell>926. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus ſit'ne finitus.</cell><cell>933. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus vt ſe habeat ad intelligi, eſſe & appeti.</cell><cell>934. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Deo vt conueniat locus.</cell><cell>935. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus quomodo agens.</cell><cell>965. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Deo non conuenire cognitionem, neque voluntatem.</cell><cell>966. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Dei libertas quæ.</cell><cell>970. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Deum facere mala quomodo.</cell><cell>972. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus vt omnium minimus.</cell><cell>980. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus ſit'ne <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei forma.</cell><cell>992. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus vt ſit forma.</cell><cell>994. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus vt ſit efficiens indiuidui.</cell><cell>994. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus, vt finis, vt forma, vt efficiens.</cell><cell>995. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Dei duplicem eſſe actionem.</cell><cell>939. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus conſideretur'ne vt finis in phyſicis.</cell><cell>955. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Dei nomen cęlo conuenire.</cell><cell>955. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus vnde dictus.</cell><cell>956. E 1011. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus cur actu dicitur.</cell><cell>956. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Deo vt tribuitur actio exoterica.</cell><cell>957. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus propter quid eſt.</cell><cell>963. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Dei ſublimitas vnde iudicanda.</cell><cell>970. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus ſiue vt mente conceptum, ſiue vt bonum mouere vt finem.</cell><cell>997. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Deum quot modis aſſequi contingit.</cell><cell>1000. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus, vt omnibus vtatur.</cell><cell>1000. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus finis omnibus præpoſitus.</cell><cell>1005. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Deus vt det agendi facultatem.</cell><cell>1006. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Dialecticę vis in principiis probandis.</cell><cell>44. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Dialectici ambitus, vt differat ab ambitu primi philoſo-phi.</cell><cell>44. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Dialecticus habet ſuæ diſciplinæ terminos.</cell><cell>74. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Dialectica multis modis.</cell><cell>85. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Dialecticæ orationes, vt reſpiciunt definitiones.</cell><cell>96. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Dialectici cur potiſsimam rationem habuerint oratio-num & vocum.</cell><cell>106. H</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Διαθιγὴ</foreign> quid ſignificet.</cell><cell>537. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Dieſis in voce quid.</cell><cell>201. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentia ex quo entium ordine exiſtat.</cell><cell>15. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentiam poſſe obtinere locum materiæ.</cell><cell>81. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentię diuidentes genere natura & ratione poſſe-riores.</cell><cell>89. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentiæ quemadmodum ſe habeant ad genus.</cell><cell>92. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentiæ vt dicantur totum.</cell><cell>176. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentiæ licèt priuatiuè notentur, vt actu nitantur.</cell><cell>178. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentia vt prior pars definitionis habenda.</cell><cell>203. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentię ſpecificę, vt diſcernuntur à modis.</cell><cell>219. D 519. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentiam poſſe ſumi loco hypotheſeos.</cell><cell>440. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentiæ vltimæ conditio.</cell><cell>440. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Differentiæ, vt extrinſecus adueniant generationi.</cell><cell>565. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentiæ ſumptæ ab organis è quo'nam ordine ſint.</cell><cell>584. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentia poſterior quando virtute omnes pręceden-tes differentias contineat.</cell><cell>586. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentias eſſe ſimul natura, vt accipiendum.</cell><cell>780. F 904. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentia quid.</cell><cell>889. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentia poſitiuum quid.</cell><cell>857. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentia, & diuerſa quæ.</cell><cell>904. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentia genere, ſpecie, & numero vnde oriuntur.</cell><cell>904. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Differentiarum loci conuenientia, & diſconuenientia.</cell><cell>940. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Differre quid.</cell><cell>857. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Difformium quæ ſint operationes.</cell><cell>686. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Diligentia quid.</cell><cell>53. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Diligentiæ comes humilitas.</cell><cell>976. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Diminutionis definitio.</cell><cell>717. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſcrepantia, & conuenientia rerum quibus conſiſtant.</cell><cell>857. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſcrimen noſtræ ſententiæ, & aliorum de terminis mu-tationum.</cell><cell>197. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſpoſitio quid.</cell><cell>743. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſpoſitio rerum vndè potiſsimè ducatur.</cell><cell>102. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſpoſitio diſputationis de motu.</cell><cell>266. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſputatio contra Parmenidem, & Meliſſum.</cell><cell>46. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſtantia mobilis faciat'ne motum.</cell><cell>355. D 358. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſtantia quid.</cell><cell>422. D 660. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſtantia in agendo quo pacto ſumatur.</cell><cell>786. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſtinctio omnis reſoluitur in actum.</cell><cell>128. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſtinctionis ratio vnde petatur.</cell><cell>905. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Diſtingui re multis modis.</cell><cell>740. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuerſum quid.</cell><cell>857. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuerſum pluribus modis.</cell><cell>903. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuerſa & differentia quæ.</cell><cell>904. E</cell></row> <row><cell>D. Thomæ ſententia de demonſtratione. 6. Phyſ.</cell><cell>210. E</cell></row> <row><cell>D. Thomæ opinio de eſſe & eſſentia.</cell><cell>278. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio generis quomodo fiat in ea quæ ſunt natura ſi-mul.</cell><cell>91. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio ante Platonem tradita.</cell><cell>97. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio quomodo pertineat ad motum.</cell><cell>139. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio in motu analogicè.</cell><cell>142. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſionem eſſe in omni mobili per ſe.</cell><cell>211. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio ſecundum formam ſumitur in demonſtratione 6. Phyſ.</cell><cell>211. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio medij eſt ſecundum naturam.</cell><cell>373. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio communiter.</cell><cell>385. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio quomodo minuat vires.</cell><cell>524. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio dupliciter obitur.</cell><cell>524. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio in partes multiplex.</cell><cell>565. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Diuiſio & partium ratio ſint'ne primùm ſubſtantię, an quanti.</cell><cell>665. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Docentium conſilium.</cell><cell>102. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Docentis officium accipere comperta.</cell><cell>116. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Dolium Danaes.</cell><cell>837. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Dubitatio quid.</cell><cell>533. B</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Δύναμις</foreign> nomen latiſsimè patet.</cell><cell>293. A</cell></row> <row><cell>E.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>ECHENEIS cur remoratur nauim.</cell><cell>491. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Effectio eſt effectricis potentię complementum.</cell><cell>999. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Effectus ſit'ne ex efficiente.</cell><cell>311. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Effectus cauſſæ tribuitur, vt ſubiecto.</cell><cell>614. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Effectus'ne idem à pluribus cauſsis perficiatur.</cell><cell>637. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Effectus primus quis appellandus.</cell><cell>825. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficacitas duplici poteſtate nititur.</cell><cell>994. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficacitas operationis pendet ex duobus principiis.</cell><cell>414. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficacitas functionis vnde deriuetur.</cell><cell>486. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens & finis, vt inter ſe habeant.</cell><cell>29. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens non vniuocum id facit quod materia ſuſtinere poteſt.</cell><cell>29. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens, vt tractetur à Phyſico.</cell><cell>87. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficientis vniuoci vires quatenus porrigant virtutem ſuam.</cell><cell>144. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens etiam illud <foreign lang="grc">καθὸ</foreign>.</cell><cell>247. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens ſit'ne remotum.</cell><cell>265. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens & finis in operatione quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>265. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens vt in mouendo diſtinguatur à fine.</cell><cell>301. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens ſit'ne ſemper cum effectu, & Auicennę caſti-gatio.</cell><cell>307. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens & finis quo remotiora eo priora.</cell><cell>310. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens & finis per ſe viciſsim demonſtrantur.</cell><cell>389. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens duplex vniuerſale & indiuiduum.</cell><cell>400. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens vnde moueatur ad aliquod agendum.</cell><cell>401. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficientis & finis in mouendo differentiæ.</cell><cell>401. C 404. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens tribuit materiæ non multitudinem, ſed perfe-ctionem.</cell><cell>401. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens diſponitur materialiter.</cell><cell>402. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficientis duę potiſsimæ conditiones.</cell><cell>405. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens cauſſa rei ſingularis, & caducę.</cell><cell>456. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens non eſſe cauſſam erroris per ſe.</cell><cell>628. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens naturale non limitat ſuas vires.</cell><cell>630. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens & materies <expan abbr="quandoq̨">quandoque</expan> conueniunt.</cell><cell>676. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens & finis quo differant.</cell><cell>828. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens propriè vel impropriè.</cell><cell>995. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens eſſe poſſe per ſimilitudinem.</cell><cell>996. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens & finis quem ordinem inter ſe habeant.</cell><cell>950. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficiens & finis ad ſe eſſe non poſſunt.</cell><cell>953. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficientis vniuoci ratio.</cell><cell>1006. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficientiæ diſpoſitio refertur ad finem & materiam.</cell><cell>182. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficientia duplex in animato.</cell><cell>404. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Efficere metaphoricè omnibus cauſsis commune.</cell><cell>244. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Egeſtas duplex.</cell><cell>905. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ἐιδος</foreign> ſignificare rem perfectam.</cell><cell>136. E</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Εὶμαρμίνη</foreign>.</cell><cell>603. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Elaphoboſci vis.</cell><cell>489. C</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ἔλαπτον ἀξίωμα</foreign>.</cell><cell>447. D 607. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementum, dum gignitur, etiam in vacuo moueri.</cell><cell>305. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementum ſemper moueri ab alio.</cell><cell>305. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa non moueri ab alio in principio, à ſeipſis in progreſſu.</cell><cell>325. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementum non propellere medium.</cell><cell>366. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementum, vt à ſeipſo moueatur.</cell><cell>372. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementum in ſua ſimplici qualitate conſtitutum quid.</cell><cell>407. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa cur gigni ponuntur ab Ariſtotele.</cell><cell>456. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementi dominium multis modis.</cell><cell>496. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementi pars maxima in ſuo loco.</cell><cell>497. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementorum vniuerſitas multis modis.</cell><cell>498. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa cur, & ſi vniformia, ab Anaxagora non nume-rantur in principiis.</cell><cell>538. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementum quid.</cell><cell>542. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa cur per primas qualitates diſcribuntur.</cell><cell>544. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa cur tota non intereant.</cell><cell>547. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa cur ſimplicia dicantur.</cell><cell>596. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementorum ſucceſsiones ſint'ne à fato.</cell><cell>621. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa vtrum omnia ex omnibus proximè fiant.</cell><cell>641. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementum multis modis.</cell><cell>652. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa redeant'ne eadem.</cell><cell>703. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementorum ratio triplex.</cell><cell>752. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementi virtutes quæ.</cell><cell>756. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementorum formæ quomodo ſimplices perhibentur.</cell><cell>777. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementorum definitio quomodo conſtruenda.</cell><cell>777. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementorum eſſentias non eſſe ignotas.</cell><cell>779. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Elementa vt corrumpantur.</cell><cell>918. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Empedocles duo poſuit infinita terram, & æthera.</cell><cell>119. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Empedocles ponit ignem efficiens, cętera elementa ma-teriam.</cell><cell>119. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Empedocles refutatur.</cell><cell>119. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Empedoclis dictum de quiete terræ.</cell><cell>447. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Empirici rerum ordinem in ſcientia negant.</cell><cell>101. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Energia etiam complectitur pati.</cell><cell>136. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Energia & entelechia quid.</cell><cell>145. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Energia & entelechia ſunt functiones immanentes.</cell><cell>145. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Enim etiam cauſſa illationis.</cell><cell>124. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ens mobile non eſſe Phyſicæ ſubiectum.</cell><cell>63. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ens naturale non eſſe phyſicæ ſubiectum.</cell><cell>64. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Entis partitio multiplex.</cell><cell>126. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ens multis modis accipi.</cell><cell>127. A 275. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ens communiter dictum non accipi in definitione motus.</cell><cell>134. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ens & non ens ſimpliciter multis modis.</cell><cell>166. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ens aut eſſe principium, aut ex principiis.</cell><cell>229. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ens vniuocum non eſſe.</cell><cell>232. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Entis ſit'ne communis idea.</cell><cell>232. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Enſe quàm gladio cur maior plaga infigitur.</cell><cell>533. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Entelechiæ vis penſitata.</cell><cell>135. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Entelechia prima & ſecunda.</cell><cell>136. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Entelechia & energia quid.</cell><cell>145. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Entelechia, & energia ſunt functiones immanentes.</cell><cell>145. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Enunciatio quomodo prædicatur.</cell><cell>131. D</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Epicuri, & Democriti poſitio different de generatione.</cell><cell>537. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Epimenides vates præteritorum.</cell><cell>629. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ephemeri vita.</cell><cell>633. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ἐπουρίζειν</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>367. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Error etiam contingit in iis quæ alicuius gratia fiunt.</cell><cell>388. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Eruditio pars methodi.</cell><cell>99. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Eruditio quid ſiue pędia.</cell><cell>100. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Eruditione Gorgias abuſus eſt.</cell><cell>100. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Eruditio duigitur ad iudicium.</cell><cell>100. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Erudictio non conſectatur proximè verum.</cell><cell>100. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eruditionis fundamenta quæ.</cell><cell>101. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe aliquid qua ratione principium ſit.</cell><cell>5. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe, vt ex Deo Peripatetice.</cell><cell>21. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe rem noſci dupliciter.</cell><cell>45. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe in aliquo prędicamento non vniuſmodi.</cell><cell>147. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe duplex.</cell><cell>162. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe rem non oſtendi ſyllogiſmo.</cell><cell>236. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe alio modo noſcimus in effectibus & cauſsis.</cell><cell>237. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe quod primum cadit in mentem noſtram.</cell><cell>276. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe ſuperuenit eſſentiæ.</cell><cell>277. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe compoſito eſt ipſum compoſitum.</cell><cell>277. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe non eſt ſubſtantia cuiuſque.</cell><cell>277. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe actu, & eſſe ſimpliciter, vt ſe habeant inter ſe.</cell><cell>277. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe vt prædicetur, & accommodetur ad quæſtiones.</cell><cell>280. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe ipſius quæſtio, vt ſit ſimplex.</cell><cell>280. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe ipſius quæſtio, vt ſit accidens.</cell><cell>280. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe in loco dupliciter.</cell><cell>435. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe dici ſolita quæ ſubiiciuntur ſenſui.</cell><cell>560. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe in ſubiecto non eſſe accidens nouem categoriis.</cell><cell>569. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe in actibus ſubſequi eſſentiam.</cell><cell>571. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe in materia ſuperuenire eſſentiæ.</cell><cell>571. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe formale attendi in quaque mutatione.</cell><cell>597. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe in quid notet in accidente.</cell><cell>734. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe & agere quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>741. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe in alio tripliciter.</cell><cell>645. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe omnia quomodo propter ſe.</cell><cell>962. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe perpetuum eſt imitari deum.</cell><cell>962. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſe multis modis</cell><cell>73. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſentia quid.</cell><cell>271. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſentia non eſt in potentia ad eſſe.</cell><cell>278. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſentia & definitio ſunt difformes.</cell><cell>586. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſentia per ſe vniuerſalis.</cell><cell>571. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſentia peceſſaria.</cell><cell>612. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſentia non ſubſicitur falſitati.</cell><cell>744. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſentia & ſubſtantia non ſunt idem.</cell><cell>583. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Εσχηματισμενον</foreign> figura.</cell><cell>444. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Eſſentia ordine reſolutiuo compoſita.</cell><cell>104. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Euclidęus progreſſus notatus.</cell><cell>54. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Eudemi dubitatio de principiis.</cell><cell>44. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ex ſignificat materiam & efficiens.</cell><cell>677. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ex multiplex.</cell><cell>542. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ex quo character communis.</cell><cell>385. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ex poteſtate & actu fieri per ſe vnum.</cell><cell>33. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ex materia & forma fieri per ſe vnum.</cell><cell>33. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ex animo & corpore fieri per ſe vnum.</cell><cell>33. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Exemplar excellit opus.</cell><cell>403. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Exiſtentia quid.</cell><cell>5. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Experientia quo differat à conſuetudine.</cell><cell>5. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Experientia & conſuetudo quemadmodum efficiant no-titiam principiorum.</cell><cell>5. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Expoſitio loci cuiuſdam ex 1. T. 1. Phyſ.</cell><cell>74. H 107. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Expoſitio loci cuiuſdam de II. Phyſ.</cell><cell>77. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Expoſitio loci cuiuſdam 1. de An.</cell><cell>85. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Expoſitio loci cuiuſdam de VIII. Phyſ.</cell><cell>107. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Expoſitio Gręcorum in 1. Phyſ. notata.</cell><cell>109. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Expoſitio loci cuiuſdam de 1. Phyſ.</cell><cell>111. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Expoſitio loci Ariſtotelici de VII. Phyſ.</cell><cell>742. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Extentionis & perfectionis metiendæ ratio diuerſa.</cell><cell>978. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Extra quid ſignificet.</cell><cell>817. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Extremum & medium in mundo quomodo conuexa.</cell><cell>922. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Extrinſecum quod non vniuocum.</cell><cell>195. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Extrinſecum dupliciter.</cell><cell>371. B</cell></row> <row><cell>F.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>FACERE nihil, & non facere aliud eſſe.</cell><cell>313. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Falſum non concludi ex <expan abbr="quaq.">quaque</expan> propoſitione.</cell><cell>337. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Falſum non eſt in eſſentia.</cell><cell>744. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Falſitas duplex in oratione.</cell><cell>967. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Fame enectorum exiccari prius partes externas.</cell><cell>699. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Fatum & naturam apud Democritum idem.</cell><cell>115. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Fatum & prouidentia quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>603. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Fatum ſit'ne cauſſa ſucceſsionis elementorum.</cell><cell>621. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Fatalis generatio velox & tarda quæ.</cell><cell>1<gap></gap>4. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Fernelius de productione formarum.</cell><cell>191. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ferri in ſuum locum eſſe naturam & principium.</cell><cell>364. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ferri in ſuum locum, vt ſit obnoxium demonſtrationi.</cell><cell>364. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ferri in ſuum locum <expan abbr="cuiq.">cuique</expan> eſſe ex natura.</cell><cell>497. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Fides aduerſus principia qua ratione fiat.</cell><cell>5. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Fidei principium duplex.</cell><cell>20. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Figura accidens quanto.</cell><cell>659. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Figuræ ratio animaduerſa.</cell><cell>659. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & efficiens, vt inter ſe habeat.</cell><cell>29. H 950. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Finem primum & primam formam quid ſit operari ſine motu.</cell><cell>69. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis, vt tractatur à Phyſ.</cell><cell>87. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis continet propoſitum & ſubiectum.</cell><cell>103. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis gradus optimus ad agendum, & cogitandum.</cell><cell>103. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis cur non habeatur natura.</cell><cell>240. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & efficiens quomodo diſtinguantur in operatione.</cell><cell>265. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis vt differat mouendo ab efficiente.</cell><cell>301. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis quomodo indemonſtrabilis.</cell><cell>309. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & efficiens quò remotioni, eò magis pręcipua.</cell><cell>310. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis primus duplex.</cell><cell>349. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & vtens quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>350. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis'ne ſit vllius impedimenti.</cell><cell>362. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis character proprius cuius gratia.</cell><cell>385. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis naturalis naturalitate communi.</cell><cell>386. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis duplex cuius & quo.</cell><cell>386. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis <foreign lang="grc">ὧ</foreign> quis, & quomodo intelligendum.</cell><cell>386. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis, vt quo conuenit ſubſtantiæ immobilibus.</cell><cell>386. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis extremum impropriè.</cell><cell>387. AB</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis gratia agere ea quę non vtuntur ratione.</cell><cell>388. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis gratia omnia fieri eſt Phyſici.</cell><cell>388. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis gratia agere quicquid agit.</cell><cell>389. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Fines vnde pendent aliæ omnes cauſſę ordine quodam.</cell><cell>389. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & efficiens, vt per ſe mutuò demonſtrentur.</cell><cell>389. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & forma bona dicuntur.</cell><cell>389. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis moueat'ne quoad eſt intentus.</cell><cell>399. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Finem non mouere quatenus eſt in cogitatione.</cell><cell>399. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finem non mouere, vt non ens, quia moueat metapho-ricè.</cell><cell>400. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finem eſſe actu ante rem quę ſit.</cell><cell>400. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis vere in efficiente ponitur.</cell><cell>400. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis, vt efficit motum.</cell><cell>401. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & efficientis in mouendo differentiæ.</cell><cell>401. C 404. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis cun dicatur mouere metaphoricè.</cell><cell>402. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis, vt habeat infinitatem.</cell><cell>402. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis multis modis.</cell><cell>403. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis ſeparatus à materia, vt moueat ſubſtantias ſepara-tas.</cell><cell>403. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis, vt moueat cęlum.</cell><cell>404. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis, vt moueat materiam.</cell><cell>404. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis dupliciter iungitur.</cell><cell>404. E. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis non eſt inducere affectionem.</cell><cell>404. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis moueat'ne per ſpeciem.</cell><cell>405. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & efficiens quo differant.</cell><cell>828. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis & inſtrumentum vnum vnius.</cell><cell>923. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis multis modis paratur.</cell><cell>992. F 1000. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis quomodo fiat vnum cum mobili.</cell><cell>950. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis, & efficiens ad ſeſe eſſe non poſſunt.</cell><cell>953. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis ratio generalis.</cell><cell>999. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Finis ſignificat agens ſignificatione neceſſaria.</cell><cell>107. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Finitum & infinitum, vt quanto vtantur.</cell><cell>661. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Finitum eſſe quicquid in noſtram notitiam cadet.</cell><cell>981. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Fieri a variis cauſsis.</cell><cell>22. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Fieri ex contrario tanquam non remanente, vt intelli-gendum.</cell><cell>179. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Fit quod quid ſignificet.</cell><cell>186. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Fieri ea quæ fiunt, per motum, aut non ſine motu.</cell><cell>195. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Fieri ſine cauſſa contingit.</cell><cell>608. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Fit quo ſubſtantia eſt ſpecie ſimile.</cell><cell>741. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Fieri & alterari quomodo conueniant.</cell><cell>742. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Fieri vt conueniat accidentibus.</cell><cell>784. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Fieri per ſe vnum ex poteſtate & actu, ex forma, & ma-teria ex animo & corpore.</cell><cell>33. B</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Fienti & ei quod fit cur non reſpondet aliquid æquiua-lentis in corruptione.</cell><cell>188. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Fiens quid.</cell><cell>185. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Flaminius Nobilius.</cell><cell>173. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Fluxus duplex in mutatione poſitus, & vnus cum ſucceſ-ſione, ſubitus alter.</cell><cell>155. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Fęcunditatem quid faciat.</cell><cell>487. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam ad tendere eſt ad vnum.</cell><cell>27. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ ratio maior habenda eſt quàm materiæ.</cell><cell>27. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam primam, & primum finem quid ſit operari ſi-ne motu.</cell><cell>69. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Formę genus quod accipitur à Mathematico.</cell><cell>72. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ naturales quibus modis ſpectentur.</cell><cell>78. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ qualis perfectio debeatur.</cell><cell>84. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma ordinat & explicat.</cell><cell>102. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt caput ordinis.</cell><cell>102. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma, quiditas, & definitio quomodo inter ſe diſpo-ſita.</cell><cell>106. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma fluens. 139. A. impropriè forma.</cell><cell>151. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Formę fluxus.</cell><cell>139. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma ſit'ne in toto motu extenta.</cell><cell>150. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma eſt totum & terminus.</cell><cell>151. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Formę bifariam diſtribuuntur.</cell><cell>153. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam ſubſtantiæ non contrahi tempore contra Cala-brum.</cell><cell>159. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam ſubſtantiæ non eſſe diuiduam.</cell><cell>159. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma cur eſt in extremo generationis tantum, perſeue-rat autem vſque ad extremum interitus.</cell><cell>163. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas in materia pugnare non extra materiam.</cell><cell>195. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum multiplex gradus.</cell><cell>178. G 188. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ partes quæ ſint.</cell><cell>163. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ quemadmodum ſe habent ad motum, & muta-tionem.</cell><cell>164. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma & materia non generantur.</cell><cell>186. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam eſſe verum finem generationis.</cell><cell>186. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ pulchritudinem ex materiæ contagione conta-minari.</cell><cell>187. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma ab efficiente numero diſtinguitur.</cell><cell>192. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas eſſe in efficiente.</cell><cell>194. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas etiam per inſtrumenta communicari materiæ.</cell><cell>194. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas dari pro materiæ meritis.</cell><cell>144. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas extrinſecus aduenire quid ſit.</cell><cell>194. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum diuiſio quomodo accipiatur.</cell><cell>212. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma indiuidua quia eius ratio conſeruatur.</cell><cell>213. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ multis modis.</cell><cell>238. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ, vt eſt agere.</cell><cell>249. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma quem ordinem habeat ad finem.</cell><cell>251. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam re ſeparari à materia.</cell><cell>279. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt gignitur, licet eſſentia non gignatur.</cell><cell>279. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt è multis mutatis eſſe conſtat.</cell><cell>283. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt ſe habeat ad materiam.</cell><cell>286. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma ſubiectum functionis in eo in quo eſt.</cell><cell>296. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum plena diſtributio.</cell><cell>300. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ proprietas quæ.</cell><cell>302. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ cum degenerat in efficiens.</cell><cell>309. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma, & materia ex ſe inuicem demonſtrantur.</cell><cell>310. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma, & materia quo propinquiores, eo præſtantiores.</cell><cell>310. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma cauſſa rei tantum.</cell><cell>310. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma noua vt cauſſa motus.</cell><cell>316. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vetus, vt cauſſa motus.</cell><cell>316. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma non eſt continua, ſed congenita.</cell><cell>331. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam & finem digna fuiſſe nomine boni.</cell><cell>309. D 390. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma cur diuina dicitur.</cell><cell>390. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma multis modis communicatur.</cell><cell>390. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum commutationes non eſſe violentas.</cell><cell>395. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam cum forma per ſe non commutari.</cell><cell>397. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam cum materia non eſſe continuam.</cell><cell>424. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum poteſtas duplex.</cell><cell>463. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma, vt imperfectè ſubſiſtat.</cell><cell>574. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt abſtrahatur à materia.</cell><cell>575. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt referatur ad materiam.</cell><cell>576. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma & materia quibus diſcrepent.</cell><cell>580. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas dare eſſe vel ſimpliciter, vel quodammodo.</cell><cell>583. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum ordo.</cell><cell>584. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ quę faciunt hoc aliquid quæ.</cell><cell>588. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas plures in vno contineri vnde eſt.</cell><cell>595. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ quæ proximè inter ſe mutantur, ſunt maximè oppoſitæ.</cell><cell>598. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma organizationis.</cell><cell>601. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum ordo in interitu.</cell><cell>601. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma non omnis efficit compoſitionem.</cell><cell>649. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt diſtinguit.</cell><cell>652. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma in auctione non ſumitur pro figura.</cell><cell>217. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ gratia ſingula eſſe in indiuiduo.</cell><cell>224. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum ordo diuerſus.</cell><cell>737. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum vnitas in eodem ſubiecto vnde.</cell><cell>737. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt eſt indiuidua.</cell><cell>744. E 755. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Formę ſeparatæ à materia ſunt eędem termini, & quo-rum ſunt termini.</cell><cell>744. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum diuiſio.</cell><cell>744. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Formarum quæ informant materiam idem principium quod afficitur ad informationem & quod ipſe infor-mant</cell><cell>744. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Formam mundi vnam non eſſe informantem.</cell><cell>747. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt intendatur in materia.</cell><cell>761. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma vt ſit terminus omnis mutationis.</cell><cell>766. G 999. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma ſubſtantiæ finis aliarum mutationum.</cell><cell>767. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ ſimplices quibus modis appellantur.</cell><cell>776. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas ſine materia non eſſe contrarias.</cell><cell>782. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas multiplicatas efficacius agere.</cell><cell>793. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Formas aliquas eſſe poſitas in habitudine.</cell><cell>808. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma cęlo, vt attributa.</cell><cell>908. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ quæ mouent per eſſentiam, mouent ſolum vt fi-nis.</cell><cell>960. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Formæ ſenſiles per interceſsionem phantaſiæ intelligun-tur.</cell><cell>966. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Forma producens, vt ſit ſeparata.</cell><cell>991. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Fore & futurum eſſe quid.</cell><cell>292. H 910. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Fortuna habitu Dea.</cell><cell>604. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Fortuna vt ſe habet ad artem.</cell><cell>621. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Frigus non eſſe ſimpliciter priuationem.</cell><cell>780. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Frigida poma cur oriantur æſtate.</cell><cell>503. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Functio energia totius.</cell><cell>297. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Functio, vt ſubiicitur demonſtrationi.</cell><cell>298. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Functionum varietatis origo.</cell><cell>301. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Functio <expan abbr="cuiuſq.">cuiuſque</expan> rei vna omnium prima.</cell><cell>301. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Functionis nobilitas quo metienda.</cell><cell>301. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Functio perfectiſsima quæ.</cell><cell>302. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Functiones vbi plures an in perfectis, an imperfectis.</cell><cell>302. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Functiones ex vna forma contrariæ, non tamen ex vna materia.</cell><cell>303. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Functiones in ſeparatis idem eſſe neceſſariò cum ſubſtan-tia.</cell><cell>303. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Funda quàm manu lapis longius cur proiicitur.</cell><cell>533. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Fundamenta vt ſtatuuntur in fabricis maioribus.</cell><cell>415. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Fundamenta cur pectinatim ſtruuntur.</cell><cell>480. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Furentibus quomodo eſt finis.</cell><cell>1000. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Futurum eſſe & fore quid.</cell><cell>292. H 910. F</cell></row> <row><cell>G.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>GALENI aurea pręcepta de formandis rationibus.</cell><cell>47. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Galenus & Ariſtoteles ſoli <expan abbr="methodũ">methodum</expan> profitentur.</cell><cell>104. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Galeni ſententia explicata de iis quæ ſunt poteſtate.</cell><cell>393. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Galeni dictum de ſpatio perpenditur.</cell><cell>436. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Gemellorum conſenſus.</cell><cell>607. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio velox, tarda, & fatalis quæ.</cell><cell>154. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Generationem vt terminum alterationis non eſſe, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> in inſtanti.</cell><cell>155. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Generationis notio, partes, & modi.</cell><cell>160. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Generationis ſubiectum duplex.</cell><cell>161. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Generationem eſſe mediam inter generationis termi-nos.</cell><cell>166. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio vt eſt terminus alterationis.</cell><cell>168. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio cur alteratio dicta.</cell><cell>168. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio quomodo ſit motus, aut mutatio.</cell><cell>170. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio vox ambigua.</cell><cell>188. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio quomodo præter naturam.</cell><cell>226. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio & corruptio quomodo opponantur.</cell><cell>226. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatione priora ſint'ne imperfectiora.</cell><cell>284. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio & ortus quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>536. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Generationis definitio perpenditur.</cell><cell>698. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio ſimplicium, mixtorum, & animantium diffe-runt.</cell><cell>598. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio & alteratio quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>730. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatio præcedit alterationi.</cell><cell>911. A</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Generantis officium quando apparet.</cell><cell>160. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Generari quid poſtulet.</cell><cell>186. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Generari per ſe vt in genere finis, & vt adæquatè.</cell><cell>184. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatis, & apparans materiam idem.</cell><cell>192. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Generatis virtutem etiam poſt eius interitum eſſe ſu-perſtitem.</cell><cell>305. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Generantis vis quæ remanet in elemento, vnde ſit.</cell><cell>307. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Generans mouere per medium.</cell><cell>313. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Generabile quid.</cell><cell>918. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Genitrix virtus ſit'ne ſentiente, & intelligente perfe-ctior.</cell><cell>289. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Genitricis virtutis obiectum quod.</cell><cell>697. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Genita actu vel poteſtate quomodo ſint.</cell><cell>164. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Genita in potentia cauſſa continuationis in motu.</cell><cell>165. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Genita in generatione termini ad quos analogicè.</cell><cell>165. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Genere differentia conſiſtere in eodem indiuiduo.</cell><cell>32. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Genus an'ne materiæ locum ſemper occuper in defini-tione.</cell><cell>81. C 178. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Genus in omni definitione ſumi.</cell><cell>84. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Genus & differentiæ in categoria ſubſtantia quomodo accipienda.</cell><cell>178. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Generi quod non repugnant, vbi repugnet ſpeciei.</cell><cell>255. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Genera formas eſſe.</cell><cell>586. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Genus quomodo ſit materia.</cell><cell>593. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Genus vox multiplex.</cell><cell>640. E 648. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Genus, & vniuerſale quo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>801. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Geometria ſit'ne prior Arithmetica.</cell><cell>55. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Glacies quomodo frigidior aqua & terra.</cell><cell>781. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Gladius & Delphin omnium natantium perniciſsimi.</cell><cell>491. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Gloriam non eſſe propter ſe expetendam.</cell><cell>824. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Gorgias eruditione abuſus.</cell><cell>100. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Gradus quid.</cell><cell>163. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Gradus qualitatis primus duplex.</cell><cell>200. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Gradus vnde ducatur in qualitate.</cell><cell>765. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Gradum ſuperiorem ab inferiore, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> re, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> cogita-tione ſeparari.</cell><cell>774. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Gradus rerum.</cell><cell>923. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Gradus rerum apud Platonicos triplex.</cell><cell>995. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Græcorum præſtantia.</cell><cell>897. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Grauitas in proprio loco non ſentitur.</cell><cell>480. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Grauitatum ſpecies quomodo diſcernantur.</cell><cell>492. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Grauitas, & pondus quomodo differunt.</cell><cell>492. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Grauitatem, & leuitatem non eſſe principia agendi, & patiendi.</cell><cell>499. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Grauitas, & leuitas cur elementorum natura perhiben-tur.</cell><cell>500. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Grauitas, & leuitas poteſtates in ipſo vbi.</cell><cell>501. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Graue, & leue non eſſe principia efficientia motum.</cell><cell>235. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Graue, & leue natura, & ſitu.</cell><cell>350. F. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Grauium caſſim exceptura cur cedunt.</cell><cell>415. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Graue & leue comparatè apud Platonem.</cell><cell>462. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Graue vt priuatio, leue vt actus.</cell><cell>463. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Grauis & leuis multæ notiones.</cell><cell>469. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Graue non immutare realiter, ſed per ſpeciem.</cell><cell>502. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Graue ſine motu non ſentiri falſum.</cell><cell>503. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Gruis mos in volatu.</cell><cell>492. E</cell></row> <row><cell>H.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>HABITVDO, vt ineſt in pondere.</cell><cell>501. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus quid.</cell><cell>270. G 343. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus quid præſtet.</cell><cell>280. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus multa complectitur.</cell><cell>281. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus ex quibus conſtituitur.</cell><cell>282. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus multiplex.</cell><cell>282. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus omni actui præcedit.</cell><cell>282. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus prima pars quomodo exiſtat.</cell><cell>283. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus magnifaciendus in ſcientiis, & eius vis.</cell><cell>309. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus qui, & quot.</cell><cell>743. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus animi & corpori quomodo diſtinguatur.</cell><cell>743. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus animi non omnes ſunt infixi in eo ſubiecto, in quo proceſsit affectio.</cell><cell>744. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Habitus, & virtus in elemento quomodo diſtinguun-tur.</cell><cell>752. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Harpagiorum vſus.</cell><cell>475. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Haſtæ cur erectæ minus habent ponderis.</cell><cell>480. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Heraclides Ponticus terram conuerti ſtatuit.</cell><cell>445. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Heſiodus, & Pherecydes Theologi, non Phyſici.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Hipparchus de terræ quiete quid ſenſerit.</cell><cell>445. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Hippocratis dictum de iudicio rationis.</cell><cell>7. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Hippoliti Medices dictum.</cell><cell>1010. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Hippon parcus Deorum cultor.</cell><cell>112. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Hoc aliquid quomodo accipiendum.</cell><cell>563. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Homo cur recta ſolus incedat.</cell><cell>483. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Hominem pulmone exemplo non enatare.</cell><cell>495. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Homo cur diſcit artem natandi.</cell><cell>495. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Homo cur ſtat.</cell><cell>496. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Homines cur non omnes ſimul deficiant.</cell><cell>548. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Hominis perfectio.</cell><cell>1000. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Homo finis omnium.</cell><cell>1001. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Hominis natura ſit'ne ſerua.</cell><cell>1002. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Hominis arrogantia.</cell><cell>1001. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Honor laudi præſtat.</cell><cell>390. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Honeſtum, & bonum quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>390. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Hoſtes cur facilius fundantur aggreſsi à latere.</cell><cell>415. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Humilitas diligentiæ comes.</cell><cell>976. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Humorem afferre pondus.</cell><cell>486. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Humor innatus idem'ne permaneat in tota vita.</cell><cell>708. F G</cell></row> <row><cell>Humor innatus in quibus, & quomodo reficiatur.</cell><cell>710. E 710. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Humores innati reſolutio.</cell><cell>716. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Humor ſine colore non conſiſtit.</cell><cell>758. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Humidum eſſe accommodatum ſubiectum auctioni.</cell><cell>697. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Humidum & ſiccum quomodo inter ſe afficiant.</cell><cell>790. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Hypotheſes, vt tractantur in ſcientiis.</cell><cell>44. G</cell></row> <row><cell>I.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>IANDVNVS irriſor D. Thomę.</cell><cell>176. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ideas cur aliqui introduxerint.</cell><cell>191. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ideę negantur à Peripateticis.</cell><cell>191. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ideę confutatæ ab Ariſtotele.</cell><cell>191. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Idea ſit ne vna omnium.</cell><cell>988. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ideam non eſſe in mente diuina Platonicè.</cell><cell>996. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ideę nullum eſſe vnum.</cell><cell>990. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ideam non eſſe accidentium, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> materiæ.</cell><cell>990. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Idem & diuerſum pluribus modis.</cell><cell>561. B 903. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Idem ad diuerſa habere rationem eius quod eſt per ſe & per accidens.</cell><cell>620. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Idem'ne poſsit ad numerum reuerti.</cell><cell>703. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Idem cauſſa eiuſdem.</cell><cell>822. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Idem ex eiſdem fieri, vt vnum ex vno.</cell><cell>984. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignis peſsimè principium ſtatuitur.</cell><cell>112. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignis auctore Empedocle efficiens, reliqua elementa materies.</cell><cell>117. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignis in ſua ſphęra corrumpitur.</cell><cell>281. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Igni cur magis lęditur quod in ipſum <expan abbr="desup̨">desuper</expan>er incidit.</cell><cell>415. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignis ad reliqua elementa vt forma.</cell><cell>448. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignis ſe ipſum interimit.</cell><cell>448. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignis vt creſcit in infinitum.</cell><cell>535. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Igni quomodo conueniat ali.</cell><cell>692. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignem agere quatenus calidum quid ſit.</cell><cell>729. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignis quomodo ſiccus.</cell><cell>775. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignis extingui vetitus.</cell><cell>897. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignea triplicitas.</cell><cell>894. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ignoratio ſimplex ad terminos.</cell><cell>76. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Imaginem non eſſe perfectiorem eo cuius eſt.</cell><cell>209. B</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ἵμερος</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>396. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Imitatio cur iucunda.</cell><cell>994. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Immobilitas quid.</cell><cell>229. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Immobilitas quæ conſideratur à naturali.</cell><cell>229. F 240. F 868. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Immobilitas differentia conſtituens locum.</cell><cell>440. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Immobilitas multis modis.</cell><cell>441. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Immobilitas loci ab eo in quo ſumitur, ſed ab eo ſuper quo.</cell><cell>441. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Immortale & mortale contraria.</cell><cell>31. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Immortale & mortale an genere conueniant.</cell><cell>31. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Impariter par, & pariter impar non eſſe media.</cell><cell>769. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Impedimentum quid.</cell><cell>349. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Impedimentum obtinere vim contrarij.</cell><cell>350. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Impedimentum per ſe refertur ad materiam.</cell><cell>350. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Impedimenti ſit'ne aliquis finis.</cell><cell>362. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Impedimenti remotio vnde naſcatur.</cell><cell>362. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Impedimentum duplex per ſe, & per accidens.</cell><cell>416. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Impedientium differentiæ.</cell><cell>349. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Imperare de aliquo, & alicui.</cell><cell>53. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Imperare & vti quo differant.</cell><cell>1000. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Imperator non facit, nec agit, ſed rem gerit.</cell><cell>1000. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Imperfectio quomodo redundet in ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>160. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Impetus naturalis & aduentitius opinione <expan abbr="nonnullorũ">nonnullorum</expan>.</cell><cell>413. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Impoſsibile quando non ſupponendum.</cell><cell>253. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Impoſsibile ſpecies eſt neceſſarij.</cell><cell>255. B 256. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Impoſsibile, & abſurdum quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>474. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Impulſio, & attractio cauſſæ raritatis & denſitatis.</cell><cell>720. G</cell></row> <row><cell>In eos qui veterum ſententias corrigunt.</cell><cell>111. C</cell></row> <row><cell>In loco eſſe quid.</cell><cell>421. A</cell></row> <row><cell>In toto eſſe quid.</cell><cell>421. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Inanima cur habeant certam figuram.</cell><cell>675. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Incorpora quomodo diuiduntur.</cell><cell>521. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Indigentia cauſſa appetitus.</cell><cell>392. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Indigentia duplex.</cell><cell>392. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Indiuiduum non moueri probantes rationes, vt ſoluan-tur.</cell><cell>114. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Indiuiduorum eſſentiam non eſſe propriam.</cell><cell>187. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Indiuiduum caret poteſtate.</cell><cell>212. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Indiuiduum multiplex.</cell><cell>214. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Indiuiduum in ſpecie quod attinet ad compoſitionem, quid ſit.</cell><cell>521. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Indiuiduum cur non afficiatur.</cell><cell>782. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Indiuiduum, & vniuerſale multiplex.</cell><cell>987. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Inductio ab Auerroe formala, notata verò à nobis.</cell><cell>5. C. 922. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Inductio omnis eſt de rebus Phyſicis.</cell><cell>122. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ineſſe ſecundum naturam quemadmodum accipiatur à dialecticis.</cell><cell>734. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitas eſt ex materia.</cell><cell>505. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitas in contingente quid.</cell><cell>615. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitas non omnis materiæ propria.</cell><cell>616. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitas eſſentia materię.</cell><cell>661. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitum quàm finitum ignotum.</cell><cell>11. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinito non repugnare multitudinem ex opinione vete-rum.</cell><cell>109. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitum poſsit'ne moueri, an non.</cell><cell>109. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitum quomodo dicitur de ente, & non ente.</cell><cell>111. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitum cauſſa motus tractatum.</cell><cell>153. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinito repugnat proportio.</cell><cell>659. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinita'ne ſit auctio quanti.</cell><cell>673. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinito, vt additio fiat.</cell><cell>810. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Infinitum vt cognitioni ſubiiciatur.</cell><cell>667. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Influxus quid.</cell><cell>727. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Informe dupliciter.</cell><cell>661. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Inhęrentia non tribuitur compoſito, ſed principiis.</cell><cell>658. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ioannes ab annis.</cell><cell>633. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ioannes Baptiſta Mutius.</cell><cell>391. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ionchius tria elementa.</cell><cell>117. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſinuatio quid.</cell><cell>99. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtans idem vt ſit in toto tempore.</cell><cell>874. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtantis eſſentia.</cell><cell>875. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtans non eſſe temporis partem.</cell><cell>876. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentum vnum vni officio commiſſum.</cell><cell>22. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentum logice ex acceptis conflatum.</cell><cell>95. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentorum conditio.</cell><cell>101. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentum primum vnum vnius rei.</cell><cell>301. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentum eſt efficiens, & materia.</cell><cell>677. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentum & finis vnus vnius.</cell><cell>923. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentorum varia generà.</cell><cell>998. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumenta ſimpliciter quæ ſint.</cell><cell>1004. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumenta vt referuntur ad efficientia.</cell><cell>1004. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentum eſſe <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> partem rei quæ fit.</cell><cell>1004. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſtrumentum vt capitur in definitione.</cell><cell>1004. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Inſulæ natantes.</cell><cell>445. D 492. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Intelligentia cum orbe vnum'ne fiat.</cell><cell>944. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Intellectum eſſe principium motus.</cell><cell>998. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentio & remiſsio multis modis.</cell><cell>161. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentionis cauſſa quæ.</cell><cell>761. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentio commune ad vnum.</cell><cell>762. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentio cur ex permiſſione contrariorum.</cell><cell>762. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentio vt refertur ad qualitatem.</cell><cell>763. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentio, & remiſsio quo differant ab aliis motibus.</cell><cell>764. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentio, & remiſsio ſecundum quid fiat.</cell><cell>764. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentio per ſe, & remiſsio per accidens.</cell><cell>765. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Intentio formæ non vniuſmodi.</cell><cell>793. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Inter quid.</cell><cell>25. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Inter in generatione cur non eſt.</cell><cell>167. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Inter vt ſit inter contraria.</cell><cell>765. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ισοδυναμία</foreign> vnum ex attributis contrariorum.</cell><cell>1000. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Iuppiter in amorem transformatus quid ex Pherecyde.</cell><cell>998. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Iouis carcer, ſeu cuſtodia, ſeu turris quæ.</cell><cell>444. G 936. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Ixionis fabula.</cell><cell>554. G</cell></row> <row><cell>L.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>LABINOLENTES cur accelerant gradum.</cell><cell>352. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Labor vt Cęlo tribuatur.</cell><cell>929. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ladas curſor.</cell><cell>352. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Lapis in renibus ſit'ne accidens.</cell><cell>431. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Lapides in veſcica cur enatent.</cell><cell>446. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Later crudus leuior.</cell><cell>485. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Latio non perpetuò prima.</cell><cell>152. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Latio etiam complectitur conuerſionem.</cell><cell>429. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Latio vt ſit motus per ſe.</cell><cell>719. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Latio, & conuerſio differant'ne ſpecie.</cell><cell>856. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Latinorum opinio de mutationum terminis examinatur.</cell><cell>196. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Latitudo confert ad quietem.</cell><cell>446. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Laus honori cedit.</cell><cell>390. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Lebes'ne prius in ſummo quàm in imo caleſcat.</cell><cell>782. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Lentor qui penetret.</cell><cell>385. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Leo in cauda ſtimulum habet.</cell><cell>367. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Leuitatem & grauitatem non eſſe principia agendi & pa-tiendi.</cell><cell>499. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Leuitas & grauitas poteſtates in ipſo vbi.</cell><cell>500. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Leuitas & grauitas quomodo elementorum naturę pro-hibentur.</cell><cell>500. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Leue & graue natura, & ſitu.</cell><cell>350. F. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Leuis definitio cur tradita per centrum.</cell><cell>461. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Leue vt actus, graue vt priuatio.</cell><cell>463. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Leuis & grauis varij modi.</cell><cell>469. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Leues ac initio plagę cur inferuntur à lapidariis.</cell><cell>533. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Liber de bona fortuna.</cell><cell>635. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Liber de lineis Ariſtotelicus.</cell><cell>670. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Librorum citandorum ratio apud Ariſtotelem.</cell><cell>923. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Liber de prece Ariſtotelicus.</cell><cell>943. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Libertas non eſt indeterminata ad primum finem.</cell><cell>610. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Libertas cuius rei propria ſit.</cell><cell>970. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Lignum cur velocius in aëre deſcendit, quàm plumbum.</cell><cell>481. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Limia.</cell><cell>636. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Lineæ <expan abbr="motuſq́">motuſque</expan>. diſcrimen.</cell><cell>199. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Linea recta, & curua quomodo comparentur.</cell><cell>522. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Linea vt per accidens diuidua ſit.</cell><cell>666. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Linea quo differat à longitudine.</cell><cell>668. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Lineam rectam eſſe breuiſsimam probari poteſt.</cell><cell>858. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Liquor à calore non ſeparatur.</cell><cell>486. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Liquida non eſſe ſubiecta motus.</cell><cell>352. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Liquida cur non efflunt è vaſe circunuerſa.</cell><cell>455. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Λογογραφια</foreign> Platonicorum quid.</cell><cell>101. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus vt ſit terminus motus.</cell><cell>151. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus vt moueat vt efficiens, & vt finis lationis.</cell><cell>323. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Locum imprimere aliquid mobili.</cell><cell>406. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Loca non diſtingui per mobilia.</cell><cell>406. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci qualitates ſint ne tactiles, aut alterius ordinis.</cell><cell>407. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Locum eſſe affectionem naturalem, & ſenſilem.</cell><cell>408. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus vt tueatur ea, quæ ſunt in ipſo.</cell><cell>408. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci naturalis eſſe aliquam virtutem ſenſilem.</cell><cell>410. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus vt habeat aliquam efficacitatem.</cell><cell>412. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus quomodo ſit cauſſa.</cell><cell>416. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus habitus principium.</cell><cell>418. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci definitio, vt colligatur.</cell><cell>421. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci conſtitutionem in elementis ex ordine primarum qualitatum.</cell><cell>426. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus augeatur'ne.</cell><cell>428. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus & motus ſecum congruunt.</cell><cell>430. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus idem'ne ſit corporibus tranſlatis.</cell><cell>431. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus intrinſecus nullus.</cell><cell>432. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus intrinſecus terminus poteſtatis, quæ eſt in mo-bili.</cell><cell>432. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus vt idem maneat, & varietur.</cell><cell>433. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci duplex æqualitas.</cell><cell>436. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus à ſuperficie diſtinguitur.</cell><cell>438. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci differentia conſtituens immobilitas.</cell><cell>440. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Loco non conuenire immobile ſimpliciter.</cell><cell>440. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci immobilitas non ab eo, in quo ſumitur, ſed ab eo ſuper quo.</cell><cell>441. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci, & vaſis differentiæ.</cell><cell>442. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus medius qui ſit.</cell><cell>460. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus medius quomodo continet.</cell><cell>460. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Loci definitio rurſus expenditur.</cell><cell>460. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci æqualitas, vt intelligatur.</cell><cell>461. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Loca contraria quæ & quorum.</cell><cell>461. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus naturalis corporum ſimplicium.</cell><cell>497. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus partis duplex.</cell><cell>497. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus vt vnus numero totius & partis.</cell><cell>998. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Loci mutatio vnde petenda.</cell><cell>644. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus finitus & infinitus quis, & quotuplex.</cell><cell>658. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus non eſt in mobili tanquam ſubiecto.</cell><cell>760. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus vt ſit alicubi.</cell><cell>787. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus de eſſentia poſituræ.</cell><cell>787. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Mathematicus.</cell><cell>788. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Loca communia poſsint'ne reddi propria.</cell><cell>855. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus commune ad vnum.</cell><cell>417. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus cęli qui ſit ex Auerrois ſententia.</cell><cell>866. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus in vniuerſo quemadmodum deſcribatur.</cell><cell>867. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis T. 12. 1. Phyſ. expoſitus contra The-miſt.</cell><cell>40. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus ex extremo primæ philoſophiæ notatus.</cell><cell>93. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus ex 1. Phyſ. T. 63. illuſtratur.</cell><cell>161. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis examinatus.</cell><cell>183. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus de 1. Phyſ. animaderſus.</cell><cell>189. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis illuſtratus de II. Phyſ.</cell><cell>228. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis adnotatus de 1. Phyſ.</cell><cell>228. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis animaduerſus.</cell><cell>240. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis conſideratus.</cell><cell>246. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis perpenſus.</cell><cell>276. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis ſpectatus.</cell><cell>306. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis explicatus.</cell><cell>311. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis exploratus.</cell><cell>419. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis examinatus.</cell><cell>521. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis in Mechanicis explanatus.</cell><cell>533. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Alexandri de libro de ſenſu illuſtratus.</cell><cell>535. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis expoſitus.</cell><cell>550. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Loca nonnulla Ariſtotelis declarantur.</cell><cell>551. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis animaduerſus.</cell><cell>561. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtoteli expenſus.</cell><cell>640. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus libri <foreign lang="grc">περὶ ἑρμ.</foreign> adnotatus.</cell><cell>769. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis explicatus.</cell><cell>784. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſtotelis de VIII. Phyſ. cum loco de VII. conciliatus.</cell><cell>841. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus Ariſt. explanatus.</cell><cell>855. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Loca Ariſt. animaduerſa.</cell><cell>904. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Locus M. Tullij. declaratus.</cell><cell>956. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Loquela perfectiſsima functio.</cell><cell>302. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Lucretij dictum ſapiens.</cell><cell>7. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ludouici Buccaferreę laudes.</cell><cell>157. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ludouici Buccaferreæ ſententia de demonſtratione VI. Phyſ.</cell><cell>210. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ludouici Buccaferreæ iudicium de demonſtrationibus VII. & VIII. Phyſ.</cell><cell>257. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Lumen idem'ne ſit hodiernum, & craſtinum.</cell><cell>431. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Lumen vnum'ne fiat ex pluribus.</cell><cell>793. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Luna cur habeat macula.</cell><cell>447. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Luna cur alieno lumine luceat.</cell><cell>447. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Lunæ lumen inſtar carbonis.</cell><cell>447. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Luna inter aſtra, vt terra inter elementa.</cell><cell>448. E 906. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Lutum è Nilo quo magis areſcit eo quoque grauis red-ditur.</cell><cell>485. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Lynconienſis notatus in definitione motus.</cell><cell>133. C</cell></row> <row><cell>M.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>MACROBIORVM hiſtoriæ.</cell><cell>633. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Magnetis & allij antipathia.</cell><cell>343. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Magnitudo ſit'ne numero prior.</cell><cell>55. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Magnitudinem non excedere tribus dimenſionibus.</cell><cell>659. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Magnitudinis conſideratio quomodo diſtet apud Natu-ralem, & Mathematicum.</cell><cell>859. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Magnitudo vt conſideratur VII. Phyſ.</cell><cell>859. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Magnitudo per quam mouetur cęlum quæ ſit.</cell><cell>868. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Magnum & paruum ſimpliciter dari in natura.</cell><cell>519. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mala & monſtra ſint'ne ex ordine vniuerſi.</cell><cell>629. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Malorum eſſe impotentiam.</cell><cell>972. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mali nomine quid intelligatur.</cell><cell>1001. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Malum multis modis.</cell><cell>1002. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Malum nullum ſimpliciter eſſe.</cell><cell>1002. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Malum quod <foreign lang="grc">παρατροπὴ & πωρυπόστασις</foreign>.</cell><cell>1003. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Malum vtile in natura.</cell><cell>1003. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Malus ſit'ne inuitus.</cell><cell>835. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Maneries; diſciplinæ quid.</cell><cell>95. G</cell></row> <row><cell>M. Tullij ſententia de primis rerum notitiis.</cell><cell>37. A</cell></row> <row><cell>M. Tullij locus animaduerſus.</cell><cell>973. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vt ſit principium cognitionis.</cell><cell>4. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia quomodo ſit principium methodi naturalis.</cell><cell>10. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam ad regredi, eſt perſequi infinitum.</cell><cell>27. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia ſit'ne effectui præferenda.</cell><cell>28. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia temperat formam.</cell><cell>29. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia proxima & remota.</cell><cell>29. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia quomodo noſcatur à Phyſico.</cell><cell>70. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia ſeparetur'ne à forma.</cell><cell>78. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia ſingularis vt ſit.</cell><cell>79. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia quæ mutationi ſubiicitur, eſt ſingularis.</cell><cell>80. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia ſenſilis etiam vniuerſalis.</cell><cell>80. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia intelligenda non vniuſmodi.</cell><cell>81. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vniuerſalis duplex.</cell><cell>81. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia per ſe ignota, quomodo efficiatur per ſe nota.</cell><cell>81. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia intelligenda quæ.</cell><cell>81. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia prima vt prima eſt, quomodo contineatur in de-finitione.</cell><cell>81. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia qualis in definitione naturali ſumenda.</cell><cell>84. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ vis in diſponendo magna.</cell><cell>102. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vt caput ordini.</cell><cell>103. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia duplex.</cell><cell>162. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam non moueri.</cell><cell>117. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam plus poſſe quàm formam.</cell><cell>182. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ notio vnde ſumatur.</cell><cell>184. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam geminam habere propenſionem.</cell><cell>184. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia tranſmutationis ſalutaris quo differat à mate-ria tranſmutationis pernicioſę.</cell><cell>184. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam per generationem non contrahere proprium actum.</cell><cell>186. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam quòd ſit, & quòd ſit bonum, acceptum refer-re formę.</cell><cell>188. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam intelligendam aliquid boni continere.</cell><cell>188. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vt pars totius, & vt pars formæ.</cell><cell>189. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vt magis ſit quàm forma.</cell><cell>240. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia cauſſa ſuorum effectuum dupliciter.</cell><cell>247. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia quòd motui ſubiiciatur cauſſa nulla.</cell><cell>248. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ poteſtas duplex.</cell><cell>294. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia & forma quo propinquiores, eò magis præci-puę.</cell><cell>310. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia cauſſa generationis & rei.</cell><cell>310. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia non reſiſtit formæ.</cell><cell>352. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam non eſſe cauſſam ſimpliciter.</cell><cell>388. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vt moueatur ad formam.</cell><cell>393. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia appetitus cauſſa vt quod.</cell><cell>394. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materies vt ſit vna.</cell><cell>397. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia artis, vt diſtinguatur à materia naturali.</cell><cell>401. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vt appetat bonum.</cell><cell>402. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia proxima ſit'ne elementum.</cell><cell>543. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia ſit'ne vna in genito & corrupto.</cell><cell>561. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia ſit'ne indiuidui principium.</cell><cell>563. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam non communicari totam.</cell><cell>565. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ quomodo conueniat prędicatio.</cell><cell>566. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ notio vtrùm ſeparetur à ratione <expan abbr="potẽtiæ">potentiæ</expan>, nec'ne.</cell><cell>568. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia ſit'ne abſolutum quid.</cell><cell>569. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vltima mutata forma corrumpitur.</cell><cell>569. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia per ſe particularis.</cell><cell>571. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia ſignata, vt diſtinguitur ab vniuerſali.</cell><cell>571. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia particularis, vt efficiatur.</cell><cell>571. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia cur dicitur in potentia.</cell><cell>572. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam eſſe actum per formam.</cell><cell>574. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vt per ſe ſubſiſtat.</cell><cell>574. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia per ſe exiſtit intrinſecus, non tamen ſine forma.</cell><cell>575. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia, & priuatio diſtinguuntur octo differentiis.</cell><cell>580. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia, & forma quibus diſcrepent.</cell><cell>580. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ neceſsitas attribui ſolet.</cell><cell>605. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia multiplex.</cell><cell>638. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ mutatio quotuplex.</cell><cell>638. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia nihil habet diſtinctum.</cell><cell>662. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia, & efficiens <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> conueniunt.</cell><cell>676. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia duplex in viuente.</cell><cell>709. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Materia vt ſit in potentia rerum.</cell><cell>719. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ multitudo ſummum gradum virtute continet.</cell><cell>793. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam eſſe in cęlo.</cell><cell>890. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Materiam & ſubiectum non differre.</cell><cell>899. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiæ non eſſe ideam <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> accidentium.</cell><cell>990. F 993. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Materiam communicare bonum.</cell><cell>990. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicę vnde dictæ.</cell><cell>50. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicę partes.</cell><cell>50. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicas res aliquid eſſe præter operam mentis.</cell><cell>55. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematica ſit'ne media inter naturalem & diuinam.</cell><cell>55. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicas eſſe ſcientias non inſtrumenta.</cell><cell>56. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicas vti materia.</cell><cell>58. F 72. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicorum mos in ſcribendo.</cell><cell>71. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicarum nonnullarum merita.</cell><cell>87. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematica vt ex nobis, & natura notis procedat.</cell><cell>98. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicę quibus viis vtantur.</cell><cell>98. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicę etiam præponunt reſolutionem.</cell><cell>98. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicę & communis ratiocinatio ſemper ex no-tis nobis quatenus huiuſmodi procedunt.</cell><cell>98. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicus, vt vſurpet motum.</cell><cell>122. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicis, vt functiones adſcribendæ.</cell><cell>301. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematica eſſe in loco.</cell><cell>418. E 785. B 788. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematica tractatio ſit'ne VI. Phyſ.</cell><cell>539. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicę abſtrahant'ne ab omni materia.</cell><cell>669. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematicum non vti quantitate infinita.</cell><cell>673. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Mathematica vt terminos conſequuntur.</cell><cell>788. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Maximum, & minimum ſint'ne diuerſa in elementis.</cell><cell>675. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium demonſtrationis, vt ſubiectum affectionis.</cell><cell>18. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Media plura eſſe inter terminos motus.</cell><cell>31. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium optimè principium poſitum.</cell><cell>112. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium in omni motu duplex.</cell><cell>216. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Media formæ eſſe cum immutationibus.</cell><cell>218. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Medio vacare multiplex.</cell><cell>231. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Medij partem à tergo non agitare elementum.</cell><cell>346. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium in motu <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan>, dum gignitur, eſſe vt accidens.</cell><cell>360. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium in motibus præter naturam eſſe, vt efficiens.</cell><cell>360. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium in vectione, eſſe vt accidens.</cell><cell>360. H</cell></row> <row><cell><expan abbr="Mediũ">Medium</expan> in motu <expan abbr="elemẽti">elementi</expan> & per ſe, & per <expan abbr="accidẽs">accidens</expan> eſt cauſſa.</cell><cell>360. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium vt animalium motui miniſtret.</cell><cell>361. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Medij ceſsio, & diuiſio.</cell><cell>365. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Medij cur non meminit Ariſtoteles.</cell><cell>373. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Medij poteſtas duplex.</cell><cell>414. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium duplex.</cell><cell>448. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium mundi vnum.</cell><cell>477. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium terræ multiplex.</cell><cell>457. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium ponderis quid.</cell><cell>457. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium mundi vt contineat.</cell><cell>458. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Mediorum quæ ſit natura.</cell><cell>481. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium vt inſeruiat motui proiectorum.</cell><cell>508. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium diſtantiæ & temporis, ſint'ne motus.</cell><cell>510. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Medij partes vehere in proiectis.</cell><cell>512. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Medij partes cedere in motu naturali.</cell><cell>512. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Media quot modis.</cell><cell>767. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Media ſpecie'ne diſtinguantur ab extremis.</cell><cell>768. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium ex forma & materia.</cell><cell>768. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Media ſint'ne de quibus <expan abbr="vtraq.">vtraque</expan> extrema negentur.</cell><cell>769. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium ſecundum formam ſpecie diſtingui.</cell><cell>769. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Media ſint'ne finita, an infinita.</cell><cell>769. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Media ſi infinita quomodo tranſeuntur.</cell><cell>770. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Media componi ex extremis multis modis.</cell><cell>771. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Medium & extremum in mundo quomodo conuexa.</cell><cell>922. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Meliſsi ſorites.</cell><cell>108. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Melius propter facere naturam.</cell><cell>27. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Melius vt ſit cauſſa.</cell><cell>27. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentis habitus tres.</cell><cell>50. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentis eiuſdem eſſe ſi eſt, & quid eſt quid ſignificet.</cell><cell>61. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mens in miſta ab Anaxagora poſita.</cell><cell>114. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentium infra Deum actio vna, non ſimplex.</cell><cell>300. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentes etiam mouere ſuos orbes pro ſua facultate.</cell><cell>359. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentem extrinſecus aduenire quid.</cell><cell>373. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Mens vt ſe habet ad magnum obiectum.</cell><cell>535. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentis & naturæ inſtrumenta quomodo differant.</cell><cell>574. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mens in habitu quid ſit.</cell><cell>744. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mens cauſſa motus principalior.</cell><cell>831. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentium ſupremarum attributa varia.</cell><cell>954. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentium intelligere, & intelligi aliud à mouere, & mo-ueri, appetere & appeti.</cell><cell>954. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentium relatio quæ ſit.</cell><cell>954. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mentes omnes ſub eadem analogia comprehendi XII. Primæ phil.</cell><cell>988. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Medicaminum vires.</cell><cell>756. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Medicina & artes efficiunt tollendo impedimenta.</cell><cell>350. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Medicus vt vitam producat.</cell><cell>635. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Menſura prima eſt eiuſdem generis.</cell><cell>435. D 859. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Menſuræ conditiones.</cell><cell>857. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Menſurę varia genera.</cell><cell>878. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Menſura per collationem notum facit.</cell><cell>958. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Menſura quot modis accipitur.</cell><cell>976. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Menſura petitur ab actu.</cell><cell>979. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Menſura vt minima.</cell><cell>980. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mercurij effigies.</cell><cell>53. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Meretrices cur rarò pariant.</cell><cell>487. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Metaphyſica demonſtratio de primo motore quæ.</cell><cell>846. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi diuerſæ notiones.</cell><cell>95. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodus non via docendi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> diſcendi.</cell><cell>95. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodus quomodo latinè exprimatur.</cell><cell>95. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodus non omnis compendio contenta eſt.</cell><cell>95. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodus dupliciter accepta.</cell><cell>99. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodus definitiua quæ.</cell><cell>99. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi partes ſcientia, & eruditio.</cell><cell>99. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi finis.</cell><cell>99. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi munus.</cell><cell>99. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi ratio eadem in arte, & ſcientia.</cell><cell>100. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi potiſsimum munus ordinare.</cell><cell>101. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ex ordine appellatę.</cell><cell>102. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi ab ordinibus appellatæ.</cell><cell>105. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi genus, & differentiæ conſtituentes cur non prę-poſita.</cell><cell>105. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodus dupliciter conſideratur.</cell><cell>105. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodus in qua'nam categoria ſit.</cell><cell>105. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodi definitio.</cell><cell>105. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Methodum naturalem magis tollit qui tollit motum, quàm qui tollit quietem.</cell><cell>122. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Migratio vt non ſit in accidentibus <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <expan abbr="ſubiectũ">ſubiectum</expan> mutatur.</cell><cell>767. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Militum ordinatim procedentium vltimi ordines cur accelerent gradum.</cell><cell>264. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Minimum detur'ne in quantitatibus.</cell><cell>201. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Minimum vniforme mutari <foreign lang="grc">ἀθροώς</foreign>.</cell><cell>213. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Minimum quod ſit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus in animantib. ſolis.</cell><cell>254. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Minima non mergi in aquis.</cell><cell>446. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Minimum & maximum ſint'ne diuerſa in elementis.</cell><cell>675. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Minimum non perpetuò gigni.</cell><cell>700. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Miraculum quid.</cell><cell>626. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſtorum putredinis cur ratio duntaxat habeatur.</cell><cell>17. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſtorum motus non eſſe ſimplices.</cell><cell>378. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſti vna operatio ſed temperata.</cell><cell>379. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſto dominatur elementum multis modis.</cell><cell>381. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſti motus ſequitur plurimum dominium ſecundum materiam.</cell><cell>381. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſtum non moueri ab elemento dominante.</cell><cell>375. D 382. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſti formam idem cum virtute elementi dominantis.</cell><cell>383. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſtum cur plus habeat de illo elemento, in cuius lo-co gignitur.</cell><cell>384. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſti vnam eſſe formam.</cell><cell>385. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſtum eſſe vniforme.</cell><cell>806. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſti qualitates remaneant ne in elementis diſſolutis.</cell><cell>809. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſta omnia diſſolui.</cell><cell>894. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſtura quomodo ſit continuorum.</cell><cell>806. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Miſtio ſit'ne motus naturalis.</cell><cell>809. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mobile vt arceat à ſe impedimentum.</cell><cell>372. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Mobilis propenſio duplex ad finem.</cell><cell>407. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mobilium per accidens eſſe gradus.</cell><cell>421. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mobile dum mouetur, eſſe in loco in potentia.</cell><cell>432. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mobilis definitio tradita per quietem ſit'ne perfectior ea quæ per motum.</cell><cell>466. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Modi demonſtrationis & ſcientiæ qui.</cell><cell>101. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Modus ſciendi præponitur ab Ariſtotele, poſtponitur à Platone.</cell><cell>101. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Modi partes & vię non faciunt ſpeciem.</cell><cell>140. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Modus quid.</cell><cell>272. E 613. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Modus & differentię quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>217. D 519. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Moleſtum quid.</cell><cell>828. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Molle an rarum.</cell><cell>718. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Montium altitudo quanta.</cell><cell>458. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Montecatini laudes.</cell><cell>985. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Monſtrum'ne ſit mulum non propagare, & talpam non cernere.</cell><cell>24. E</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Monſtri notio quæ.</cell><cell>626. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Monſtrum in omni genere rerum caducarum.</cell><cell>626. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Monſtri definitio.</cell><cell>627. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Monſtra & mala ſint'ne ex ordine vniuerſi.</cell><cell>629. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Monſtra vt ſint in natura.</cell><cell>1003. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mortale, & immortale contraria.</cell><cell>31. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mortale, & immortale an genere conueniant.</cell><cell>31. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mortui cur <foreign lang="grc">αλίβαντες</foreign> dicti.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus initium omnium rationum naturalium.</cell><cell>7. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motu omnes ſcientias vti.</cell><cell>7. D 62. F 122. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> ab efficiente, & <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> à Fine ſumit <expan abbr="nomẽ">nomen</expan>.</cell><cell>12. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum & terminum ad quem non eſſe contraria.</cell><cell>31. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus etiam eſt medium in philoſophia diuina.</cell><cell>61. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum reſpicere variis modis naturalem, & primum philoſophum.</cell><cell>74. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus cogitationis & ſcientiæ quis.</cell><cell>106. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum eſſe ſcire contingit dupliciter.</cell><cell>122. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus omnium notiſsimus.</cell><cell>122. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus naturalis vnde dignoſcatur.</cell><cell>123. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus naturalis ignoratus à quibuſdem philoſophis.</cell><cell>123. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum naturalem eſſe qua ratione probatur.</cell><cell>123. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vt notior ex ſua definitione reddatur.</cell><cell>124. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vt ex hypotheſi manifeſtus.</cell><cell>125. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus definitio recitatur.</cell><cell>126. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus cur <foreign lang="grc">μεταβολὴ</foreign> nuncupatus.</cell><cell>129. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ad qua categoriam referatur.</cell><cell>129. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus duo ſubiecta.</cell><cell>129. B 143. B D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus continet habitudinem.</cell><cell>129. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus definitio qualis.</cell><cell>129. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus definitio quomodo exprimitur demonſtratione.</cell><cell>129. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus & quies coniunctim demonſtranda.</cell><cell>129. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus definitio reſoluitur in ſua primordia.</cell><cell>132. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum rectum prępoſitum fuiſſe in Methodo naturali.</cell><cell>133. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus genus quod ex ſententia Plotini.</cell><cell>137. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus genus quod ex Alexandro.</cell><cell>137. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſit'ne ad aliquid.</cell><cell>138. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum non eſſe vniuocum.</cell><cell>138. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum non eſſe principium.</cell><cell>139. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum non eſſe in ſubiecto in iis cathegoriis, ſecun-dum quas fit motus.</cell><cell>139. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum ſimpliciter non eſſe quantitatem imperfectam.</cell><cell>141. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vt explanatus III. Phyſ.</cell><cell>141. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus conſtat ex habitudine agentis ad patiens.</cell><cell>144. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſit'ne tanquam accidens in ſubiecto.</cell><cell>144. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus actio ſimul, & paſsio.</cell><cell>145. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus paſsio non ſimpliciter.</cell><cell>145. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ad aliquid cauſſa auctionis, non paſsionis.</cell><cell>145. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus cauſſa paſsionis eſt forma.</cell><cell>145. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus varia genera.</cell><cell>145. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ratio formalis ad aliquid.</cell><cell>146. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus cur habitus infinitum.</cell><cell>146. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus non vniuocè actio, & paſsio.</cell><cell>149. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum definitum eſſe III. Phyſ. vt eſt ab agente, & vt à fine.</cell><cell>149. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſit'ne reapſe diſtinctus à termino ad quem.</cell><cell>149. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum ſimpliciter non eſſe finem.</cell><cell>149. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum non eſſe rem abſolutam à forma.</cell><cell>150. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus quo diſtet à forma.</cell><cell>150. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus notio, partes, & modi.</cell><cell>160. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus termini qui.</cell><cell>197. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus termini in conuerſione quomodo ſtatuendi.</cell><cell>197. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus <expan abbr="lineæq́">lineæque</expan>. diſcrimen.</cell><cell>199. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vnus multis modis.</cell><cell>204. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus regularis & irregularis qui.</cell><cell>204. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus interruptus minus vnus, quàm continuatus.</cell><cell>204. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum eſſe <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> ex termino ad quem potiſsimè <expan abbr="petẽdũ">petendum</expan>.</cell><cell>204. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vnius ad numerum conditiones.</cell><cell>204. H 266. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vnus'ne ſit viui, & mortui.</cell><cell>204. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus continuus qui.</cell><cell>205. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum eſſe per ſe continuum.</cell><cell>206. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motui interna magis eſt diuiſio ſecundum gradus, quàm ſecundum partes quantas mobilis.</cell><cell>209. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vnus numero duplex.</cell><cell>220. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus oppoſiti ſint'ne continui.</cell><cell>222. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus'ne idem ſit abiectio termini à quo, & compara-tio termin ad quem.</cell><cell>224. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus'ne idem ſit à nigro ad album, & à non albo.</cell><cell>224. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus elementi duplex.</cell><cell>266. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus habitudò multiplex.</cell><cell>288. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus principia diuerſa in gradu & continuatione.</cell><cell>229. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum fieri à generante per aliquam cauſſam.</cell><cell>308. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſecundum & præter naturam in denominatione differentia.</cell><cell>313. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus naturalis cur ita dicatur.</cell><cell>317. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus quomodo ſit ſalus.</cell><cell>317. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vt ex vacuo tollatur.</cell><cell>357. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motu expellitur imperfectio.</cell><cell>361. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus in elemento genito vt in potentia & priuatio.</cell><cell>365. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus in elemento genito conſtat è duplici cauſſa.</cell><cell>365. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſimplicitas vnde petenda.</cell><cell>368. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ab alio in Cęlo.</cell><cell>369. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ab alio non omnis violentus.</cell><cell>370. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus numerat. VII. Phyſ. eiuſmodi ſint.</cell><cell>371. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus quo pacto varientur ex vicinia, & diſtantia.</cell><cell>371. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus elementi ſecundum naturam pulſus, vel tractus.</cell><cell>372. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus celer qui ſit præter naturam.</cell><cell>372. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus naturalis, vt ab interno fieri videatur.</cell><cell>375. B</cell></row> <row><cell><expan abbr="Motuũ">Motuum</expan> ſimplicitas à ſimplicitate ſubiecti <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> quid.</cell><cell>376. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus eſſe ſimplices oſtenditur.</cell><cell>377. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſimplex multis modis.</cell><cell>377. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſimplex vt pendeat ex pluribus cauſsis.</cell><cell>378. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſecundum elementum dominans quomodo di-ſtinguatur à motu dominantis.</cell><cell>378. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ferri à magnete fiat'ne, vt à fine.</cell><cell>407. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus & locus ſecum congruunt.</cell><cell>430. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum cęli non eſſe cauſſam æſtas.</cell><cell>453. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motu ſublato bifariam tolli quietem.</cell><cell>454. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus in vacuo cauſſa eſt materia.</cell><cell>475. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus compoſitus multis modis.</cell><cell>514. E 516. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ab alio quibus modis.</cell><cell>515. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus violens quibus fiat modis.</cell><cell>517. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus regularis quid.</cell><cell>519. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus rectus & circularis quomodo comparetur.</cell><cell>520. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus in principio maiorem conatum requirit.</cell><cell>528. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus non producitur ab omni exuperantia.</cell><cell>530. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus facilior vtrum ex centro an circunferentia præ-ſtetur.</cell><cell>593. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus qui ſunt in nobis à motibus phantaſiæ differunt.</cell><cell>608. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus vt nos in notitiam materiæ deducat.</cell><cell>653. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ſpecies in animali.</cell><cell>626. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ex ſpe & memoria etiam fieri ab externo.</cell><cell>827. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus in homine principia quæ.</cell><cell>830. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ab animo in animali fiat'ne in puncto temporis.</cell><cell>832. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum in caducis non eſſe continuum.</cell><cell>837. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus ab alio vt etiam ſit in cęlo.</cell><cell>844. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus per accidens vt negetur cęlo.</cell><cell>845. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus diurnus ſit'ne per accidens in plantis.</cell><cell>845. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum non eſſe medium conueniens ad inueniendam ſubſtantiam ſeparatam.</cell><cell>846. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus oppoſiti ſint'ne in cęlo.</cell><cell>861. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum ab animo non eſſe neque ſecundum neque præ-ter naturam.</cell><cell>862. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus oppoſitio triplex.</cell><cell>863. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motum & quietem habere medium.</cell><cell>867. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus naturalis in cęlo qui ſit.</cell><cell>868. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus in cęlo duplex naturalis, & animalis.</cell><cell>868. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus æquabilis & inęquabilis vnde.</cell><cell>869. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus qui accipitur in definitione temporis, quomodo pertinet ad mentem.</cell><cell>870. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus an ſine tempore noſci queat.</cell><cell>872. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Motus regularis, & vniformis quis.</cell><cell>891. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Motor ſeparatur dupliciter.</cell><cell>332. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Motoris primi conditiones.</cell><cell>845. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Motricem non habere vim iudicandi.</cell><cell>502. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouens vt efficiens notius, quàm quod mouet vt finis.</cell><cell>149. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouens in cęlo quomodo diſtinguatur à mobili.</cell><cell>261. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouens duplex.</cell><cell>266. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouentis virtutem remanere ipſo quieſcente.</cell><cell>306. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouens vt in mouendo mouetur.</cell><cell>343. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouens naturale à non naturali non per motum quem facit, ſed per ſuam naturam diſtinguitur.</cell><cell>343. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouens ſine alteratione in mouendo mouetur.</cell><cell>344. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouens in mouendo moueri vt acceptum VII. Phyſ.</cell><cell>344. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Moueri violenter, & ab alio non conuerti.</cell><cell>320. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Moueri ſuapte natura & ab interno principio non eſſe reciproca.</cell><cell>320. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Moueri per ſe triplex.</cell><cell>334. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Moueri vox ambigua.</cell><cell>335. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Moueri per accidens duplex.</cell><cell>342. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Moueri elementum genitum per accidens.</cell><cell>348. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mouetur elementum genitum per ſe.</cell><cell>348. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Moueri ſecundum dominans quid.</cell><cell>379. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Moueri omnia ab eo quod eſt.</cell><cell>401. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mulieres cur elato tergo enatent.</cell><cell>495. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Multiplicare & addere quid differant.</cell><cell>623. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mundi eſſentia ordo.</cell><cell>647. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Muſarum carmen in Cadmi numptiis.</cell><cell>769. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Muſica cur non ſumeretur in practicis.</cell><cell>51. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationis ſignificata.</cell><cell>136. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationum duplex genus.</cell><cell>139. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutatio athroa quæ.</cell><cell>154. E 209. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationes ſubitæ dicuntur <foreign lang="grc">ἄχρονοι</foreign>.</cell><cell>154. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationis notio, partes, & modi.</cell><cell>159. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationum varij modi.</cell><cell>170. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationis & motus vera differentia.</cell><cell>173. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationum momentanearum termini.</cell><cell>198. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutatio per accidens non vniuſmodi.</cell><cell>209. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationes quomodo opponantur.</cell><cell>224. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutatio variis modis ineſt in ſubiecto.</cell><cell>304. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationem non antecedere motui.</cell><cell>344. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutatio prima elementi geniti ſit'ne per ſe, an per ac-cidens.</cell><cell>362. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutatio quomodo cadit in cogitationem.</cell><cell>871. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationes ſubitæ quomodo reſpiciant tempus.</cell><cell>882. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutationem ad plus, & minus eſſe alterationem.</cell><cell>751. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Mutati eſſe & puncti diſcrimen.</cell><cell>199. B</cell></row> <row><cell>N.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>NATVRA vt ratione vtatur.</cell><cell>23. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura prudenti patrifamiliâs comparata.</cell><cell>23. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ nil deficit.</cell><cell>23. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura ſemper ſui ſimilis.</cell><cell>24. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt per media procedat.</cell><cell>25. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura iuſtiſsima.</cell><cell>26. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt ordo.</cell><cell>26. G 123. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam contineri duobus principiis.</cell><cell>26. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura inferior ſeruit ſuperiori.</cell><cell>27. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt errat.</cell><cell>27. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam agere propter finem non eſſe principium.</cell><cell>28. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura de libros inſcribi à veteribus.</cell><cell>40. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura ſola cognita veteribus.</cell><cell>40. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ & artis ſimilitudo in operando.</cell><cell>99. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam & fatum idem vult eſſe Democritus.</cell><cell>115. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ inſtans quid.</cell><cell>169. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura pari'ue gradu contraria reſpiciat.</cell><cell>181. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam ſingularem ſine materia non conſiſtere.</cell><cell>187. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ & artis ſimilitudo in productione formarum.</cell><cell>193. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura multiplex.</cell><cell>228. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura cur exprimatur per motum.</cell><cell>229. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura quo ſymbolo exprimatur.</cell><cell>230. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt ſit ſimilis medico.</cell><cell>232. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ definitio à Philopono excogitata.</cell><cell>233. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura definiatur'ne per effecta.</cell><cell>234. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ definitionem eſſe per relatiua.</cell><cell>234. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ definitio colligatur'ne in Phyſ.</cell><cell>235. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam eſſe, ſit'ne notum nobis.</cell><cell>235. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura ſit'ne principium in Phyſ.</cell><cell>235. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura ſit'ne principium abſolutè.</cell><cell>236. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura cum efficiente, & fine conuenit.</cell><cell>237. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam vt eſſe cognoſcamus.</cell><cell>237. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam vt eſſe demonſtratur.</cell><cell>238. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura motus ſuos vt præſtat.</cell><cell>239. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ finis externus eſt.</cell><cell>239. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt in animante principium motus adæquatè.</cell><cell>239. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt diſtinguatur ab arte ſaltandi.</cell><cell>239. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt principium quietis.</cell><cell>240. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura ſit'ne accidens.</cell><cell>241. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura quæ efficit appetitum diſcendi.</cell><cell>241. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura cur pincipium motus non ſubſtantiæ fuerit ac-ceptum.</cell><cell>243. A 317. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ definitio perpenditur.</cell><cell>249. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura cur principium internus motus.</cell><cell>250. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt primò ſignificet efficiens.</cell><cell>251. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam non aggredi id quod ſe conſequuturam non ſperat, quomodo intelligendum.</cell><cell>295. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vt infertur VIII. Phyſ. principium patiendi.</cell><cell>299. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam exhibuiſſe cunctis attributa pro merito.</cell><cell>447. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam vti iuſtitia diſtributiua.</cell><cell>448. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura vniuerſali vſum non fuiſſe Ariſtotelem.</cell><cell>475. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturæ & mentis inſtrumenta quomodo differunt.</cell><cell>574. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura nil ſuperuacanei producit.</cell><cell>639. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Natura caret vi cognitrice.</cell><cell>683.</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturam ſemper contendere in vnum.</cell><cell>697. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturalis ſcientia prima & ſola.</cell><cell>40. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturales quæſtiones quo <expan abbr="diſtinguãtur">diſtinguantur</expan> à <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> naturalibus.</cell><cell>41. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturalis philoſophus refert ſuas contemplationes ad materiam ſimplicem.</cell><cell>82. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturalis magis definitio per formam, an per <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>.</cell><cell>83. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturalis methodus ordine compoſitiuo tradita.</cell><cell>104. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturale & præter naturam in motu quid ſint.</cell><cell>219. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturale & non naturale <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> genera, neque differen-tias eſſe.</cell><cell>219. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturale & pręter naturam in generatione.</cell><cell>226. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturale & præter naturalem quomodo accipiendum in ſubſtantiis.</cell><cell>226. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturale ſimpliciter quid.</cell><cell>226. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Naturale ſit'ne compoſitum.</cell><cell>938. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Nauis cur plena mergatur.</cell><cell>494. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſsitas duplex à Democrito poſita.</cell><cell>115. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſsitas materiæ conceditur.</cell><cell>605. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſsitas ad tria capita refertur.</cell><cell>613. D 966. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſsitas indigentiæ.</cell><cell>613. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſsitas ab actu nunquam ſeiungitur.</cell><cell>614. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſsitas ſimpliciter vel immutabilitas vel ineuita-bilitas.</cell><cell>614. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſsitas cauſſarum quomodo procedat.</cell><cell>623. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſsitas effectuum quomodo ſuccedat.</cell><cell>624. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſſarium negatum rebus Phyſ.</cell><cell>22. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſſarium & contingens multis modis.</cell><cell>220. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſſarium duplex.</cell><cell>608. F 612. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſſarium quid.</cell><cell>612. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſſaria in quo genere cauſſæ pendeant ex Deo.</cell><cell>614. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſſarium & contingens an'ne per ſe diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>619. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Neceſſaria <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> ſumi vt probabilia.</cell><cell>910. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Neptuni imago ſignificat contingentiam.</cell><cell>624. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Neutra conſtitutio ſit'ne media inter ſanitatem & ægri-tudinem.</cell><cell>768. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Niceas Syracuſius terram conuerti putat.</cell><cell>445. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Nihilo è nihil vt acceptum.</cell><cell>19. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Nihil per ſe eſſe, & ab alio fieri.</cell><cell>23. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Nihil agit vltra gradum ſuum.</cell><cell>25. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Nullius gratia contingit dupliciter.</cell><cell>355. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Nominibus quæ <expan abbr="ſignificãtur">ſignificantur</expan> ad <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> capita <expan abbr="reducũtur">reducuntur</expan>.</cell><cell>11. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Nomen vt ſignificat eſſenciam.</cell><cell>11. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Nomine rerum ſignificatarum ordo.</cell><cell>12. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Nominis poſitiui poteſtas.</cell><cell>455. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Nominis poteſtas.</cell><cell>537. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Non ens vt ex ſcientiis explicetur.</cell><cell>43. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Non eſſe dupliciter.</cell><cell>679. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Non naturale multiplex.</cell><cell>508. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Noſſe quod res eſt, dupliciter accidit.</cell><cell>60. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis vt accipienda.</cell><cell>35. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis & nota ſimpliciter.</cell><cell>38. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis omittenda in methodis.</cell><cell>42. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Notum fieri dupliciter accidit.</cell><cell>96. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis vt compoſita.</cell><cell>97. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis multipliciter.</cell><cell>98. F 124. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nob. in demonſtratione quod eſt cuius ordinis ſit.</cell><cell>98. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis principia cognitionis non pars ſcientiæ.</cell><cell>102. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis principia viæ, non ordinis.</cell><cell>102. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis cum principiis numerantur in methodo.</cell><cell>102. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Nota nobis quemadmodum per ſe nota fiant initio me-thodi naturalis.</cell><cell>121. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Notha extra naturę ordinem.</cell><cell>915. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Notiones ad aliquid & habitus.</cell><cell>105. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Notiones paſsiones ſalutares.</cell><cell>105. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Notiones in gignenda ſcientia ſunt principia dupliciter.</cell><cell>106. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Notio formalis non neceſſariò pendet ex principiis in-ternis.</cell><cell>574. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Nuclei pinei facilius ab angulo, quam à latere frangun-tur.</cell><cell>415. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Numas auditor Pythagoræ habitus.</cell><cell>448. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Numeri ſubſtantiæ immobiles habiti, non autem mo-uentes.</cell><cell>118. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Numeris quantum tribuendum ſit.</cell><cell>118. G 226. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Numerus vt ſe habeat ad continuum.</cell><cell>667. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Numerus vt pertineat ad tempus.</cell><cell>667. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Numeri ſpecie ne differant.</cell><cell>926. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Numerus haſ et eſſe in fieri.</cell><cell>926. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Numeri priores ſint ne partes poſteriorum.</cell><cell>982. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Numerus vniuerse vt ſe habeat ad ſuas ſpecies.</cell><cell>993. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Numeri productio duplex.</cell><cell>885. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Numerus numerans vnus <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan></cell><cell>889. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Numerus qui ſit.</cell><cell>897. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Nutritio multis motibus conſiſtit.</cell><cell>697. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Nutritionis progreſſus.</cell><cell>712. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Nutritur quo non eſt vnicum.</cell><cell>683. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Nutrix & autrix quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>691. C</cell></row> <row><cell>O.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>OBEDIENTIAE poteſtas in appetitu.</cell><cell>835. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Oct. Phyſ. pars methodi naturalis.</cell><cell>61. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Oct. Phyſ. non abſolui conſiderationem ſubſtantiæ ſe-paratæ.</cell><cell>61. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Oleum cur enatet variæ cauſſæ.</cell><cell>384. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Oleum ſpecies quædam bituminis.</cell><cell>384. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Oleum epotum vomitum mouet, & potiſsimæ flauę-bilis.</cell><cell>384. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Oleum penetrare humida, & penetrari quomodo.</cell><cell>385. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Oleo vaſculorum ora coronantur.</cell><cell>385. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Omnia referri ad Deum.</cell><cell>146. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Omnia'ne referantur ad X. prima genera.</cell><cell>147. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Operatio ſequitur varia.</cell><cell>639. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Opinionum conciliatio de ſubiecto Phyſicæ.</cell><cell>65. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Oppoſitio certa inter ſubſtantiæ formas, quæ commu-tantur.</cell><cell>171. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Oppoſita quomodo referuntur ad contradicentia.</cell><cell>772. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Oppreſsio eſt energia.</cell><cell>361. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Opticus cur ſpeciem lucis linea recta deſignat.</cell><cell>88. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Optica linea fit'ne corpus.</cell><cell>88. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo in ortu rerum.</cell><cell>26. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo ſcientiarum vnde peti ſoleat.</cell><cell>56. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo non omnis obſtat vniuocationi.</cell><cell>91. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo inter vias qualis.</cell><cell>97. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo idem in demonſtratione & definitione, quatenus à notis nobis ad nota natura progrediendum eſt.</cell><cell>98. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo & vta quibus differant.</cell><cell>102. E 103. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordinum tres formulæ.</cell><cell>103. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo analyticus.</cell><cell>103. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo compoſitiuus.</cell><cell>103. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo definitiuus.</cell><cell>103. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordinum vſus.</cell><cell>103. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo analyticus omnium primus.</cell><cell>103. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo compoſitiuus, vt ſit ad ſcientiam accommodatus.</cell><cell>103. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo compoſitiuus ſecundus.</cell><cell>103. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo prius elucet in poſteriore.</cell><cell>103. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo varius in tractandis vniuocis, & communibus ad vnum.</cell><cell>103. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo definitiuus conducit ad breuitatem.</cell><cell>104. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo definitiuus cum analytico numeratur.</cell><cell>104. E G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo definitiuus poſtremus.</cell><cell>104. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo doctrinæ, & ordo naturæ conueniunt.</cell><cell>104. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo definitiuus vt congruat cum ordine naturæ.</cell><cell>104. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordines ab Ariſtotele, & Galeno variis modis vſurpati.</cell><cell>104. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo definitiuus in vniuerſa ſcientia à Galeno ſolo vſurpatus.</cell><cell>104. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo definitiuus ab Ariſtotele vſurpatus, non comme-moratus.</cell><cell>104. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo analyticus vnde receptus.</cell><cell>104. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo definitiuus vnde oriatur.</cell><cell>104. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo non habet vim inferendi.</cell><cell>104. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo eſt eſſentia methodi.</cell><cell>107. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo tractandi motus.</cell><cell>133. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo inter ſubſtantiæ partes.</cell><cell>163. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordine entium mala excluduntur.</cell><cell>389. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo inter actus & priuationes.</cell><cell>463. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo rerum triplex.</cell><cell>566. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ordo cęleſtium.</cell><cell>906. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Organi affectio non eſt impedimentum externum.</cell><cell>350. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Oriens vnde ſumendus.</cell><cell>941. B</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ὁρμὴ</foreign> quid, & quod principium motus.</cell><cell>404. H 507. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Ὁρος</foreign> & <foreign lang="grc">πέρας</foreign> quo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>668. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ortus & generatio quo differant.</cell><cell>536. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ortus quid.</cell><cell>598. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Otium in forma eſſe accidens.</cell><cell>286. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Ouum preſſum ab <expan abbr="vtroq.">vtroque</expan> extremo cur non frangitur.</cell><cell>415. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ouum crudum leuius cocto.</cell><cell>485. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Oua vrina non mergi.</cell><cell>495. C</cell></row> <row><cell>R.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Παιδεία</foreign>, ſiue eruditio quid.</cell><cell>100. E 145. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Palladis imago ſignificat neceſsitatem.</cell><cell>624. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Pammonis apopthegma.</cell><cell>1001. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Panis crudus leuior.</cell><cell>485. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Parmedines & Xenophanes notati.</cell><cell>6. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Parmenidis & Xenophanis rationes.</cell><cell>6. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Parmenidis error de iudicio ſenſus.</cell><cell>6. H 7. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Parmenides tribuit ſubſtantię ſenſili proprietates ſub-ſtantiæ ſeparatæ.</cell><cell>111. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Parmenides vt vnum, & duo principia facit.</cell><cell>117. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Parmenides confutatur.</cell><cell>119. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Pariter impar, & impariter par non eſſe media.</cell><cell>769. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes in methodis quot modis accipiantur.</cell><cell>43. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes quomodo toto priores.</cell><cell>58. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes modi, & viæ non faciunt ſpeciem.</cell><cell>140. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes formæ, & partes materię, ſeu gradus quomodo ſint in ſubſtantiis & accidentibus.</cell><cell>164. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Partium varij modi generationis.</cell><cell>169. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Pars quæ in vera generatione præcedit, cuiuſmodi ſit.</cell><cell>169. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Partem non moueri.</cell><cell>421. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes in toto cur conſeruentur.</cell><cell>456. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Partium ratio & diuiſio ſint'ne primò ſubſtantiæ, an quanti.</cell><cell>665. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes vniformes, vel difformes.</cell><cell>685. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes quæ aluntur.</cell><cell>713. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes poroſas non eſſe ſubiectum auctionis.</cell><cell>713. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes vniformes quomodo per aliud augeantur.</cell><cell>713. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Partes ſenſiles ſint'ne ſubiectum auctionis.</cell><cell>713. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Partus ſpurios ex conuenientibus exiſtere.</cell><cell>632. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Paſsio ſit'ne in ſubiecto vt accidens.</cell><cell>144. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Paſsionis nomen apud Gręcos.</cell><cell>145. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Paſsio, & actio quomodo vnum.</cell><cell>146. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Paſsio, & actio conſiſtunt oppoſitis actu, vel virtute.</cell><cell>350. H</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Παθησις</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>145. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Patibilitas quid.</cell><cell>243. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Patibile principium vnum.</cell><cell>249. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Patiendi principium duplex.</cell><cell>245. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Pathognomonica ſigna.</cell><cell>10. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Pelopidę dictum.</cell><cell>1010. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Pex ſe multiplex.</cell><cell>206. E 232. E 200. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Per ſe & per accidens multis modis.</cell><cell>220. E 250. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Per accidens mutari in per ſe quomodo contingit.</cell><cell>220. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Per ſe inhęrentia quomodo ſe habeant.</cell><cell>231. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Per ſe quintus modus quis.</cell><cell>231. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Per ſe quod eſt, eſſe etiam ſecundum naturam.</cell><cell>313. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Per ſe mobile flagitat partes actu ſecretas.</cell><cell>226. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Per aliquid moueri quot modis.</cell><cell>499. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Per ſe ſecundo modo non continere accidens neceſſario.</cell><cell>576. E</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Περας</foreign> & <foreign lang="grc">ὁρος</foreign>.</cell><cell>668. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Perfectio duplex.</cell><cell>724. E 741. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Perfectio non omnis eſt diuidua.</cell><cell>743. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Perfectionis & <expan abbr="extẽtionis">extentionis</expan> <expan abbr="metiẽdæ">metiendæ</expan> ratio diuerſa.</cell><cell>978. G 981. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Perfectum multis modis.</cell><cell>924. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Perfectum eſt actus.</cell><cell>999. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Periodi vitę quæ.</cell><cell>633. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Periodiis quid.</cell><cell>633. C</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Περιεχειν</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>431. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Permanentium termini qui.</cell><cell>197. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Permanſio duplex.</cell><cell>881. C</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Perpetuitas rerum cauſſa.</cell><cell>548. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Perpetuum duplex.</cell><cell>919. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Perturbationes non cogere.</cell><cell>835. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Peſsimum eſſe.</cell><cell>1002. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Phantaſiæ motio quæ.</cell><cell>389. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Pherecydes & Heſiodus theologi non phyſici.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Philoponi ſit ne commentarius in libros de ortu, & in libros Phyſ.</cell><cell>721. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Philoſophiam habere quod.</cell><cell>39. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Philoſophia Alexandrina.</cell><cell>41. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Philoſophia animi perfectio.</cell><cell>50. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Philoſophia duplex.</cell><cell>50. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Philoſophorum ſectæ.</cell><cell>40. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Philoſophorum variæ ſententiæ de generatione.</cell><cell>536. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Phyſicarum rerum norma ſenſus.</cell><cell>6. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Phyſica prima philoſophia habita.</cell><cell>54. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Phyſica ſit'ne vtilis ad virtutem comparandam.</cell><cell>56. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Phyſicus conſideret'ne primum finem, & primam for-mam.</cell><cell>68. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Phyſica vt conſiderat cum motu.</cell><cell>71. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Phyſicum eiuſdem ambitus eſſe ac primum philoſo-phum.</cell><cell>74. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Phyſica vt diſtinguitur ab aliis ſcientiis.</cell><cell>311. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Phyſica cur non contemplans habita.</cell><cell>312. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Pilæ repulſio ſit'ne vnicus motus.</cell><cell>222. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Pinguedo ſit'ne pars viuentis.</cell><cell>691. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Piſces mortui cur non ſummerguntur.</cell><cell>495. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Pituita quid.</cell><cell>649. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Plantæ ſemper nutriuntur ab externo, vt efficiente.</cell><cell>682. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Platonis defenſio.</cell><cell>111. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Plato quæ principia poſuerit.</cell><cell>118. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Plato arguitur.</cell><cell>120. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Platoni placuiſſe terram moueri in orbem.</cell><cell>445. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Platonis ſcripta legitima quæ.</cell><cell>989. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Platonis dictum de gubernatione diuina.</cell><cell>1011. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Plotini de quiete terræ opinio.</cell><cell>447. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Plumbum cur non maneat ſtatim ad perpendiculum.</cell><cell>222. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Plumbum cur terra grauius.</cell><cell>484. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Plumbum ferro grauius in aquis.</cell><cell>485. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Plus, & minus, vt ſe habeant in ſubſtantia.</cell><cell>32. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Plurium inſtantium ſucceſsionem tempus afferre neceſ-ſariò.</cell><cell>158. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Plus, & minus qualitati referri acceptum.</cell><cell>750. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Plus, & minus ſint'ne proprietates formarum.</cell><cell>766. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Plus & minus ex participatione.</cell><cell>773. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Plus & minus vt ſpeciem varient.</cell><cell>32. H 777. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Polorum officium.</cell><cell>942. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Politianus.</cell><cell>391. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Politicę præſtantia.</cell><cell>52. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Pomponatij laudes.</cell><cell>191. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Pomponatij placitum de datore formarum, & de ideis.</cell><cell>191. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Pondus in trutina quomodo probatur.</cell><cell>416. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Pondera deorſum non æquali diſtantia ferri.</cell><cell>449. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Pondus & grauitas quomodo differunt.</cell><cell>492. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Pondus quid ſit.</cell><cell>500. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Ponderis variæ proprietates.</cell><cell>50. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Pondus vt exploratur.</cell><cell>501. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Pondus ſit'ne facultatis motricis obiectum.</cell><cell>502. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Pontus cur maioribus æſtibus, & frigoribus obnoxius.</cell><cell>786. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Pori fabula.</cell><cell>393. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Pori quid.</cell><cell>712. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Poſituram habere quid ſit.</cell><cell>784. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Poſitura multis modis.</cell><cell>787. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Poſitura de eſſentia loci.</cell><cell>787. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Poſsibile aliud in æternis ac caducis.</cell><cell>27. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Poſsibile, & contingens idem.</cell><cell>612. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtates vno ampluribus determinentur.</cell><cell>27. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas, & actus perfecta & imperfecta.</cell><cell>29. D 293. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia quantum valet, tantundem valere actum.</cell><cell>29. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas diſtinguitur.</cell><cell>136. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas quæ accipitur in definitione motus.</cell><cell>136. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas actuoſa ratione vtens, & ratione carens.</cell><cell>147. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas actuoſa rationis compos mutatur intrinſecus.</cell><cell>188. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas non ſubiicitur contrarietati.</cell><cell>203. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas duplex.</cell><cell>264. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas prima & ſecunda.</cell><cell>270. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia quid.</cell><cell>293. A 555. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas variis modis.</cell><cell>293. B 532. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas & actus ſibi proportione reſpondent.</cell><cell>293. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtatis conditiones.</cell><cell>293. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas agendi quo actu determinatur.</cell><cell>293. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas obiectiua nulla.</cell><cell>294. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas vt in fine.</cell><cell>294. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas vt in efficiente.</cell><cell>294. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas quibus legibus deducatur ad actum.</cell><cell>294. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentiam indiuiduo poſſe fruſtrari.</cell><cell>294. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia fruſtretur'ne in ſpecie.</cell><cell>294. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtatis licet ſine actu non concipiatur vna eſt notio.</cell><cell>300. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtates agendi & patiendi definiri per aliud.</cell><cell>327. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas in elemento genito cur fortuita.</cell><cell>341. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas tertia.</cell><cell>348. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas communis nulla datur reipſa.</cell><cell>393. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas in materia duplex, & quæ maior.</cell><cell>412. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas vt actui repugnat.</cell><cell>470. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia'ne eadem ſufficiat ad continuandum, & incho-andum motum.</cell><cell>532. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtatis ad actum habitudo triplex.</cell><cell>542. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas ad oppoſita ſit'ne par.</cell><cell>555. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas nunquam abſoluitur ab actu.</cell><cell>575. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas in ſubiecto duplex.</cell><cell>592. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas non omnis interna eſt.</cell><cell>616. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia rationalis, vt ſubiicitur contingentiæ.</cell><cell>616. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia communis propriè reſpicit oppoſita.</cell><cell>620. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtates eſſe ſubſtantias, non qualitates.</cell><cell>789. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia cur in ſecunda qualitatis ſpecie numerata.</cell><cell>740. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ponteſtatem non eſſe coniuncti.</cell><cell>741. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia quæ ſumitur in definitione motus, cuius ſit or-dinis.</cell><cell>816. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia quæ eſt in mobili ad actum ſecundum, ſit'ne violens.</cell><cell>816. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtatis & actus gradus.</cell><cell>902. F 996. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Potentia naturalis & logica.</cell><cell>987. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtas quomodo ſit in Deo.</cell><cell>966. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Poteſtates quomodo ſunt bonæ.</cell><cell>1000. E</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Πόθος</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>396. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Practicarum finis.</cell><cell>51. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Præcepta obſeruanda in maiorum ſententiis confu-tandis.</cell><cell>731. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Prędicamentorum conſtitutio.</cell><cell>15. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Prędicamenta nouem abſoluta, vt intelligantur.</cell><cell>19. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Prædicamenta quomodo omnia complectantur.</cell><cell>94. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Prędicamentum vnde conſtituitur.</cell><cell>137. B 142. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Prędicamento excludantur'ne imperfecta.</cell><cell>138. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Prędicatio quomodo ex materia.</cell><cell>593. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Pręter naturam materiæ ſolius nihil eſſe.</cell><cell>226. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Pręuiæ affectiones, vt ab Ariſtotele nominantur.</cell><cell>155. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Præuias affectiones ad categoriam ſubſtantiæ perti-nere.</cell><cell>161. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Pręuię affectiones, vt ſunt pars generationis.</cell><cell>161. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Preces quid.</cell><cell>973. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Precum natura & finis.</cell><cell>973. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Precum ſpecies.</cell><cell>973. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Precum vſus apud peripateticos.</cell><cell>974. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Premia cur inſtituta actioni, non cotemplationi.</cell><cell>835. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Primæ philoſophiæ partes.</cell><cell>49. A 50. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Prima philoſophia propriè Architectonicè, non ſubal-ternans.</cell><cell>49. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Prima philoſophia ſapientia dicta.</cell><cell>49. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Primæ philoſophiæ pręſtantia.</cell><cell>54. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Prima philoſophia vt ſit communior, quam phyſica.</cell><cell>71. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Prima philoſophia conſiderat ſine motu.</cell><cell>71. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Primum philoſophum eſſe eiuſdem ambitus, ac phyſi-cum.</cell><cell>74. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Primum philoſophum non contemplari formas ſpecialis.</cell><cell>82. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Prima philoſophia cur dicatur definire per formam.</cell><cell>84. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Prima ſecundum naturam multa ſunt.</cell><cell>102. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Prima natura ſtatui, vt nota nobis.</cell><cell>103. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Prima philoſophia ordine reſolutiuo tractata.</cell><cell>104. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Primum mutatum eſſe non dari.</cell><cell>197. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Primò, & per ſe non ſeparari.</cell><cell>230. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Primò quid.</cell><cell>231. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Primum philoſophum non demonſtrare eſſe naturam.</cell><cell>237. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Primum quid ſignificet.</cell><cell>271. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Primum, & vnum quo differant.</cell><cell>850. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Primi motoris conſideratio, vt ſit phyſica, & diuina.</cell><cell>975. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Primum, & ſimplex quo diſſerunt.</cell><cell>1002. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Priora natura bifariam.</cell><cell>26. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Prius, & poſterius multifariam.</cell><cell>90. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Priora determinare poſteriora in quocunque genere.</cell><cell>94. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Principatum requiri in omni natura.</cell><cell>175. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia naturalis philoſophię quibus auditoribus pro-ponenda.</cell><cell>3. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia cognitionis incomplexa'ne ſint.</cell><cell>3. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia ſcientiæ bifariam.</cell><cell>4. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia cognitionis tantum quæ ſint.</cell><cell>4. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia non probari vbi ſunt principia.</cell><cell>4. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia quibus modis percipiantur.</cell><cell>4. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium vnum primum in qualibet methodo.</cell><cell>11. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium veritatis, & fidei duplex.</cell><cell>20. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principus vt fides habeatur.</cell><cell>5. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia quomodo ſtatuantur in methodis.</cell><cell>5. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Principiorum diſtributio quędam.</cell><cell>5. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium optimum, & honeſtiſsimum.</cell><cell>28. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia ſcientiarum quomodo tractanda.</cell><cell>41. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Principiorum ſcientiæ quæ, & quot ſint.</cell><cell>41. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia quædam eſſe generatim prænoſcii.</cell><cell>42. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia concludi vt complexa.</cell><cell>42. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia propria quibus modis.</cell><cell>59. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia communiſsima eſſe poſteriora cauſsis proxi-mis.</cell><cell>98. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium doctrinæ à primis ſecundum naturam.</cell><cell>102. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia methodi eſſe anticipatur ab omnibus.</cell><cell>108. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principiorum varietas apud antiquos.</cell><cell>121. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia duo in natura.</cell><cell>182. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium multiplex.</cell><cell>229. B 388. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Principij conſideratio duplex.</cell><cell>234. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia corporis cœleſtis eſſe tradita Primo Phyſ.</cell><cell>240. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Principiorum tranſmutationis ordo.</cell><cell>246. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Principiorum habitudo duplex.</cell><cell>270. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia præcipua.</cell><cell>301. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium motus in ſe ipſo habere in animis omni-bus.</cell><cell>315. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Principij conditio.</cell><cell>541. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium doctrinæ duplex.</cell><cell>541. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia originis multis modis.</cell><cell>541. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium, & cauſſa non ſunt idem.</cell><cell>542. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principium quò ſimplicius, vtrum ſit eò communius.</cell><cell>542. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principiorum numerus vt explicatus ab Ariſtotele.</cell><cell>561. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia vt duo ſint in natura.</cell><cell>580. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia omnium rerum communiſsima.</cell><cell>613. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Principia categoriarum quot, & quomodo ſe habeant.</cell><cell>662. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuationem nullius eſſe differentiam quomodo acci-piendum</cell><cell>179. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuationum genus duplex.</cell><cell>185. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuationem omnem in compoſito eſſe forma.</cell><cell>187. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio quemadmodum ens.</cell><cell>179. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio non excluditur omni rerum ordine.</cell><cell>389. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio quomodo exiſtat.</cell><cell>390. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio communis reipſa nulla eſt.</cell><cell>393. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio ſpecialis non eſt.</cell><cell>393. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio cauſſa appetitus vt per quod.</cell><cell>394. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio duplex formę, & efficientis.</cell><cell>555. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio vt ſit aliquid.</cell><cell>159. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio aliter in Phyſicis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> in prima philoſophia.</cell><cell>559. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio cui'nam è contrariis adſcripta.</cell><cell>560. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio multiplex.</cell><cell>579. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio à qua datur regreſſus.</cell><cell>579 B</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio non eſt pura negatio.</cell><cell>579. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio non eſt ens rationis ſolum.</cell><cell>579. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio vt eſt non ens per ſe.</cell><cell>579. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio propter quid ſit.</cell><cell>580. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio dupliciter concipitur.</cell><cell>580. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio, vt ſe habeat ad materiam.</cell><cell>580. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio vt terminus à quo in generatione.</cell><cell>580. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio vt habetur accidens.</cell><cell>580. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio, & materia diſtinguuntur octo differentiis.</cell><cell>580. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuationi proprie attribuitur deſtructio.</cell><cell>580. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio præcedat'ne materiæ.</cell><cell>581. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio duplex in generatione.</cell><cell>600. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio ſit'ne omnis naturalis.</cell><cell>616. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio vt poteſt eſſe forma.</cell><cell>780. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio à qua mente cognoſcatur.</cell><cell>970. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuatio non eſt malefica.</cell><cell>1003. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Probabile conceſſum rebus Phyſ.</cell><cell>22. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Priuationum genera quę & quot ſint.</cell><cell>41. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Problemata & theoremata in Mathematicis abſolui re-ſolutione.</cell><cell>98. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Problematum quorundam cauſſæ.</cell><cell>353. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Productio rerum per intellectum & appetitum quę ſit.</cell><cell>970. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Progreſſus à definitione quid nominis à definitione quid rei ſit'ne compoſitiuus an reſolutiuus.</cell><cell>98. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Progreſſus ex cauſsis duplex.</cell><cell>237. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiectorum motus imprimatur'ne mobili.</cell><cell>505. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiectorum motus non eſt ſimpliciter vnus.</cell><cell>505. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiecta quo impetu polleant.</cell><cell>509. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiectorum motum in medio creſcere.</cell><cell>510. E. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiecta ferri per ignim.</cell><cell>511. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiecta non moueri per inane.</cell><cell>511. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiecta quo maiora & grauiora ſunt aliquando moueri facilius.</cell><cell>511. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiecta propè terram ſegnius ferri.</cell><cell>512. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Proiectio vt ſit animalium propria.</cell><cell>507. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Propagatio eſt opus ſpeciei non indiuidui.</cell><cell>548. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Propenſionum terminos eſſe.</cell><cell>407. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Proportio nititur finito.</cell><cell>821. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Propoſitio de ſingulari quomodo ſit neceſſaria.</cell><cell>614. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Propoſitio medio vacans è quibus terminis conlatur.</cell><cell>904. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Propter duplicem ordinem ſignificare.</cell><cell>922. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Propter aliquid multiplex.</cell><cell>962. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Prouidentia, & fatum quomodo diſtinguantur.</cell><cell>603. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ptolemęi ſententia notata.</cell><cell>455. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Pulſio motus in pulſo, non in pellente.</cell><cell>365. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Pulſus eſt motus naturalis.</cell><cell>372. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Pulſus vt differat à motu per phantaſiam facto.</cell><cell>832. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Puncti, & mutati eſſe diſcrimen.</cell><cell>199. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Puncta, & indiuidua carere grauitate & leuitate.</cell><cell>540. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Putredinis miſtorum cur ſolum ratio habeatur.</cell><cell>17. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Pythagoręi reprehenduntur.</cell><cell>120. F</cell></row> <row><cell><expan abbr="q.">que</expan></cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>QVAESTIONES ſimplices de primis cauſsis cur omittantur.</cell><cell>45. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Quæſtio ſit'ne res quomodo ſit quæſtio rei ſenſilis, & cauſſæ.</cell><cell>273. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Quæſtiones quatenus ſoluendæ.</cell><cell>447. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitatum diuerſi ordines.</cell><cell>137. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitas non eſt niſi ſenſilis.</cell><cell>201. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates partes quid.</cell><cell>201. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates contrario carentes, nec intendi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> remitti.</cell><cell>201. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitatis partes, vbi conſiſtant.</cell><cell>201. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates primas non pendere à grauitate, & leuitate.</cell><cell>499. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates ſenſiles, vt diuidantur.</cell><cell>540. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates primæ prima formę inſtrumenta.</cell><cell>724. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitatum diſtributio.</cell><cell>724. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitatis latitudo duplex.</cell><cell>737. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitatis ſpecies quæ alterationi ſubiiciuntur.</cell><cell>745. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates primæ multis modis.</cell><cell>752. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates quæ virtuales.</cell><cell>756. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates in elementis non eſſe neceſſariò ſummas.</cell><cell>774. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates in elementis plus & minus accipere.</cell><cell>775. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitatum actus ſecundi, vt ſe habeant ad ſubſtantiam, & qualitatem.</cell><cell>776. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates elementorum, vt veniant ad miſturam.</cell><cell>805. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates elementorum <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> pugnare.</cell><cell>896. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitas non habet vim reſiſtendi.</cell><cell>353. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitates duas non eſſe in eodem compoſito.</cell><cell>42<gap></gap>. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Qualitatem eſſe genus vniuocum.</cell><cell>68. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitas quid.</cell><cell>659. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitatis differentiæ primæ.</cell><cell>659. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitatis termini duo.</cell><cell>659. C 660. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantum fieri è quanto.</cell><cell>660. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitas conſtat è poteſtate, & acta.</cell><cell>660. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitatis in mutatione, <expan abbr="aliorumq́">aliorumque</expan>. accidentium di-ſcrimen.</cell><cell>663. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitati vt ſit aliquid contrarium.</cell><cell>663. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitas vtrùm à ſubſtantia diſtinguatur.</cell><cell>665. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantum vt in quanta diuiditur.</cell><cell>666. B</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Quantitatis partes ſint'ne toto priores.</cell><cell>666. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitatis termini, vt ſe habent ad quantitatem.</cell><cell>667. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Quanti proprium finitum, & infinitum.</cell><cell>669. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitas <expan abbr="vbiq.">vbique</expan> diuidatur'ne à natura.</cell><cell>671. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Quantitas gignitur dupliciter.</cell><cell>677. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Quatenus cuius rei nota ſit.</cell><cell>93. C 888. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Quid eſt complecti cauſſas omnes.</cell><cell>385. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Quiditas, definito, & forma quomodo connexæ.</cell><cell>106. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Quiditas quid.</cell><cell>271. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Quiditas vt ſit vniuerſalis.</cell><cell>987. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies vt notior motu.</cell><cell>122. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies duo ſignificat.</cell><cell>226. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies idem cum forma.</cell><cell>226. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies excludat'ne tempus.</cell><cell>227. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies motu perfectior.</cell><cell>227. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies ſit'ne magis ex natura animalis, quàm motus.</cell><cell>227. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies vt opponatur motui.</cell><cell>227. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies in quibus habilitas ad motum <expan abbr="quomodocunq.">quomodocunque</expan></cell><cell>227. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies quieti opponitur.</cell><cell>227. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies immobilitas quædam.</cell><cell>239. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies pertinet ad ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>230. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies ex forma, motus ex materia.</cell><cell>248. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies naturalis non habet efficiens.</cell><cell>290. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies non dicitur nec de forma, nec de materia.</cell><cell>338. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies naturalis perfectio corporis multis modis.</cell><cell>466. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies nulla in iis, quæ gignuntur.</cell><cell>518. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Quies omnis motu finitur.</cell><cell>519. A</cell></row> <row><cell>R.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>RADII cur incendunt.</cell><cell>787. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Raptus in cęlo quis motus.</cell><cell>845. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Rarefactio cur ab Ariſt. neglecta.</cell><cell>719. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Rarefactio ſit'ne motus ad locum.</cell><cell>719. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Rarefactio humidorum.</cell><cell>720. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Raritatis cauſſæ.</cell><cell>720. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Raritas & denſitas ſint'ne maiores in mixtis, quàm in elementis.</cell><cell>722. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Raritatem non eſſe elementi formam.</cell><cell>746. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Rarum, & denſum ſint'ne in ſecunda ſpecie qualitatis.</cell><cell>718. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Rarum, & molle in quo conueniant.</cell><cell>718. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Rarum & denſum eſſe ad aliquid.</cell><cell>718. H 720. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Rarum vt accipit plus & minus.</cell><cell>720. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Rarum & denſum ſecundum, & præter naturam.</cell><cell>721. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationis iudicium quanti faciendum.</cell><cell>6. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationum ſtruendarum de rebus dubiis artificium.</cell><cell>6. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ratiocinatio communis, & Mathematicę ſemper ex no-tis nobis, quatenus huiuſmodi procedunt.</cell><cell>98. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Ratio proportionum habet locum in quantis ſimplici-ter.</cell><cell>152. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationis impos in bruto, & embryo quo differant.</cell><cell>178. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationis impos non omne rationis compoti opponi-tur.</cell><cell>179. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Ratio & res multiplex.</cell><cell>224. G 982. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Ratio de extremo conditionali.</cell><cell>255. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationes Ariſt. de VIII. Phyſ. ad motus elementorum explorantur.</cell><cell>320. F 324. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationes ſub contrariæ eædem logicę.</cell><cell>789. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Ratio in agendo triplex.</cell><cell>835. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationum paria momenta redundare in appetitum.</cell><cell>836. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationis paria momenta quomodo dicta.</cell><cell>836. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Rationes pugnantes quæ ſint.</cell><cell>836. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Redargutio vbi conueniat.</cell><cell>236. E F</cell></row> <row><cell>Regna eſſe vt fines.</cell><cell>961. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Regreſſus quid, & quæ ſint eius appellationes.</cell><cell>97. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Regreſſus <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> negligitur in methodis.</cell><cell>97. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Regreſſus à primo motore ad primum mobile, vbi com-pleatur.</cell><cell>948. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Regularitas motus in quo ſit poſita.</cell><cell>519. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Relatio duplex.</cell><cell>569. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Relatio priuans.</cell><cell>580. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Relatio ſecundum rationem & ſecundum rem.</cell><cell>577. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Relatiuorum definitio quomodo ſit per ſe.</cell><cell>577. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Remiſſa quomodo ſint vnum.</cell><cell>763. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Remouens impediens multis modis.</cell><cell>350. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Repercuſsio quid.</cell><cell>509. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Repugnantia ſpatij vnde ſumenda ſit.</cell><cell>854. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Res mathematicæ quo differant à formis communi-bus.</cell><cell>50. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Rerum diſtributio quoad reſpiciunt mentem.</cell><cell>49. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Re & ratione diſtingui quid ſibi velint.</cell><cell>150. H. 224. G. 982. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Rerum diſtributio.</cell><cell>224. G 576. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Res quid.</cell><cell>272. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſiſtentia multiplex.</cell><cell>351. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſiſtentia interna in elemento, dum gignitur.</cell><cell>351. A 353. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſiſtentia ſit'ne interna in animali.</cell><cell>351. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſiſtentia gradui comitatur.</cell><cell>797. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſiſtentia & agendi vis æquales.</cell><cell>797. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſolutio quid.</cell><cell>97. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſolutio propriè quæ ſit.</cell><cell>97. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſolutio communiter & propriè.</cell><cell>98. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſolutio compoſitioni præcedit.</cell><cell>98. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſolutio & compoſitio ſemper à notis nobis.</cell><cell>98. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſolutio complectitur omnia munera <foreign lang="grc">διανοίας</foreign>.</cell><cell>99. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſolutio progreſſus VII. & VIII. Phyſ.</cell><cell>332. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Reſolutio more Mathematico in Phyſicis quomodo ad-mittenda.</cell><cell>915. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Robur, & violentia quid.</cell><cell>508. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Robur facultatis quibus modis dignoſcatur.</cell><cell>792. G</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Π̔οπή</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>469. D</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Πὑσμὸς</foreign> quid ſignificet.</cell><cell>537. D</cell></row> <row><cell>S.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>SACRAE nuptiæ.</cell><cell>990. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Saltantes quo magis cedimus eò minus offendimus.</cell><cell>415. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Sanguis vt fiat à genitura.</cell><cell>567. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Sanitas vt ſit ad aliquid, & habitus.</cell><cell>743. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Sanitas, & ægritudo ſint'ne oppoſita medio vacan-tia.</cell><cell>768. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Sanitas, & ægritudo non opponuntur vt ad aliquid.</cell><cell>768. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Scaligeri ſententia de generatione quòd fiat in inſtanti.</cell><cell>154. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Scaligeri ſententia de loco quodam Ariſtotelis.</cell><cell>167. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientię præſtantia vnde petatur.</cell><cell>53. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientiæ quomodo omnes ſubſtantiam tractant.</cell><cell>57. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientia vt habitus, & vt methodus.</cell><cell>62. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientia ſit'ne vna omnium rerum.</cell><cell>67. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientia pars methodi.</cell><cell>99. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientia communiter.</cell><cell>99. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientia quemadmodum comparetur.</cell><cell>105. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientia quomodo ſit immutabilis.</cell><cell>105. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientia non omnis eſt methodus.</cell><cell>106. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientiæ <expan abbr="demoniſq́">demoniſque</expan>. modi qui.</cell><cell>101. C D</cell></row> <row><cell>Scire magis quotuplex.</cell><cell>73. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientia dicta ab Ariſtotele habitus demandatus.</cell><cell>106. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Scientiæ & virtutes homine nobiliores.</cell><cell>745. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Scire ſimpliciter quot modis accipiatur.</cell><cell>66. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Scire vniuersè multiplex.</cell><cell>73. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Scopus & ſubiectum quo differant.</cell><cell>63. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Scotus probatur in ſtatuendo genere actionis, & paſsio-nis.</cell><cell>148. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Scotus à Zimara iure notatus.</cell><cell>186. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Scoti ingenium.</cell><cell>594. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Secundum naturam ſolius formæ nihil eſſe.</cell><cell>226. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Secundum naturam & præter in ortu & interitu perti-nent ad eandem ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>226. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Secundum & præter naturam in motibus non pertinent ad eandem numero ſubſtantiam.</cell><cell>226. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Secundum quod, nota omnis generis cauſſarum.</cell><cell>385. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Secundum naturam dupliciter.</cell><cell>475. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Seminis natura declaratur.</cell><cell>328. G 710. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Semen vt in os vteri recipitur.</cell><cell>481. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Semen lentum cur.</cell><cell>487. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Senes cur parum nutriantur.</cell><cell>694. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Senes cur bibaciſsimi.</cell><cell>695. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Senes cur redundantiis abundent.</cell><cell>695. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Senes cur pinguiores appareant.</cell><cell>695. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Senes cur minus ſomnolenti.</cell><cell>695. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Senſus iudicium quanti faciendum.</cell><cell>6. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Senſus norma rationum phyſicarum.</cell><cell>6. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Senſu deficiente quid agendum in ſcientiis.</cell><cell>7. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Senſuum obiecta varias habent vires.</cell><cell>405. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Senſus cur afficiatur à maximo ſenſili.</cell><cell>535. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Senſus ſemper habet obiectum determinatum.</cell><cell>668. G</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Senſus non dignoſcit eſſentiam.</cell><cell>754. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Senſilium ſpecies habent vim agendi in ſuum ſubie-ctum.</cell><cell>329. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Senſilium'ne omnium ſit ſpecies.</cell><cell>780. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Sententiæ veterum ad quatuor fontes referuntur.</cell><cell>108. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Separatis in omnibus idem eſſe & eſſentia.</cell><cell>277. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Separatis in compoſitio formalis quæ extrinſecus eſt.</cell><cell>277. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Separata quot numero.</cell><cell>851. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Separata à materia non multa eiuſdem ſpeciei.</cell><cell>987. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Septimi & VIII. Phyſ. reſolutio.</cell><cell>252. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Sereniſsimi nomen vnde.</cell><cell>1011. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Siccum & humidum quomodo inter ſe afficiant.</cell><cell>790. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Signa pathognomonica.</cell><cell>10. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Signum & demonſtratio quòd eſt quomodo diſtinguan-tur.</cell><cell>262. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Similitudo tribus modis exprimitur.</cell><cell>790. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Similitudo etiam pertinet ad ſubſtantias.</cell><cell>791. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Simonidis poetæ dictum de diuitibus & ſapientibus.</cell><cell>23. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Simplicium non eſſe vnam tantum cauſſam.</cell><cell>363. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Simplex nutrire non poſſe.</cell><cell>689. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Simplex & primum quo differunt.</cell><cell>1000. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Simplicij dictum perpenditur.</cell><cell>168. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Simulachiorum natura exponitur.</cell><cell>15. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Singularia quæ.</cell><cell>36. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Siquid ex duobus ſit conflatum vbi alterum ſeorſum exiſtat & alterum quoque exiſſet.</cell><cell>33. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Societas qualitatem quid præſtet.</cell><cell>759. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Socratis philoſophia.</cell><cell>40. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Socratis dictum.</cell><cell>655. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Solutio argumenti quid.</cell><cell>551. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Spatium in latione quid.</cell><cell>207. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Spatium faciat'ne motum.</cell><cell>353. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Spatij ſimplicitas vnde petenda.</cell><cell>376. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Spatia quemadmodum ſint cauſſæ differentiæ mo-tuum.</cell><cell>377. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Spatium dari ſuper quo fit conuerſio.</cell><cell>377. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Spatium dicitur ſubiectum motus.</cell><cell>437. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Spatium non continere tres dimenſiones.</cell><cell>530. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Specie differentia in eodem indiuiduo non conſiſte-re.</cell><cell>32. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Species an abſtrahi poſsit à ſuo genere, & ſuis diffe-rentiis.</cell><cell>77. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Species vna in vnoquoque genere perfectior aliis.</cell><cell>91. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Species conſtitutio vnde ſumatur.</cell><cell>217. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Species ſenſilium immutant ſuum ſubiectum.</cell><cell>329. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Species rerum obiectarum cur egeant medij.</cell><cell>315. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Species conceptæ efficiunt motum.</cell><cell>404. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Species vt ad indiuiduum habeant locum materię.</cell><cell>593. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Species vnde dignoſcatur.</cell><cell>891. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Species rerum multis modis exiſtunt.</cell><cell>223. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Spermaticę partes cur non reficiuntur.</cell><cell>708. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Speciem ex Deo pendere vt finem.</cell><cell>994. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Sphęrus Empedocleus duplex.</cell><cell>117. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Statum momentaneum non dari.</cell><cell>701. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Status ſit'ne priuatiuum an poſitiuum.</cell><cell>702. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Status cum actione coniunctus.</cell><cell>785. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Stellas ex Platonis ſententia moueri.</cell><cell>928. H 953. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Stellæ vt ſint calidæ & humidæ.</cell><cell>863. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Stellas ad meridiem illuſtres.</cell><cell>941. A</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Στερὲον</foreign> & <foreign lang="grc">αντιτυπὲς</foreign> quid, & quę illorum.</cell><cell>732. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Strato Lampſacenus Peripateticam diſciplinam primus conturbauit.</cell><cell>40. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum & ſcopus quomodo diſtinguuntur.</cell><cell>63. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiecti facultas in ſcientia.</cell><cell>42. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiecti partes ſint'ne obnoxiæ demonſtrationi.</cell><cell>43. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum vt vnum.</cell><cell>63. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum methodi eſſe vt genus generaliſsimum.</cell><cell>65. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum notiſsimum omnium in methodo.</cell><cell>122. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum quomodo accipitur in continuitate mo-tus.</cell><cell>206. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum duplex in omni functione.</cell><cell>247. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiecti partitionis cur habuerit rationem potiſsimè Ariſt.</cell><cell>248. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum multis modis.</cell><cell>427. B 732. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum mutationis triplex.</cell><cell>643. D 645. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Subiectum & materiam non differre.</cell><cell>899. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia quomodo prior accidente.</cell><cell>8. F 17. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia vel accidens eſſe quicquid eſt.</cell><cell>14. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiæ partes ſint'ne ſubſtantiæ.</cell><cell>16. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiam è nihilo non fieri peripateticè.</cell><cell>19. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia ſeparata quemadmodum cognoſcatur à no-bis.</cell><cell>61. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiæ ſeparatæ eſſe & eſſentia <expan abbr="quandoq.">quandoque</expan> non ſunt idem.</cell><cell>61. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia naturalis ſubiectum phyſice.</cell><cell>64. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiæ naturalis definitio vbi colligitur.</cell><cell>65. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia & accidens non vniuoca.</cell><cell>91. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia quomodo ſit abſoluta.</cell><cell>146. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantias etiam fiert ex determinatis.</cell><cell>171. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiarum commutatio quo ordine progrediatur.</cell><cell>171. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiam ſubſtantiæ contrariam eſſe quomodo con-tingat.</cell><cell>177. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiæ duplex genus.</cell><cell>179. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia abſoluta quæ.</cell><cell>570. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia aliquid prius eſſe.</cell><cell>572. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia, & eſſentia non ſunt idem.</cell><cell>583. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia eadem à diuerſis cauſsis proficiſcitur.</cell><cell>637. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia incorporea quomodo diſtinguitur à corpo-rea.</cell><cell>652. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia vt degeneret in accidens & contrâ.</cell><cell>662. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiam habere vim efficiendi.</cell><cell>726. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiam gignere accidens.</cell><cell>730. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia multis modis.</cell><cell>733. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia quo fit eſt ſpecie ſimile.</cell><cell>741. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiam & accidens carere medio.</cell><cell>749. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia ſenſilis eſt.</cell><cell>755. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia vt accipiat plus & minus.</cell><cell>762. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiæ immobiles non mouentes quæ.</cell><cell>842. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantiæ ſeparatæ ſint'ne omnes intelligentes.</cell><cell>902. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Subſtantia accidentis materia.</cell><cell>998. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Succeſsiuorum termini qui.</cell><cell>197. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Succeſsionem non eodem modo ſe habere ad motum & tempus.</cell><cell>872. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Suffocata cur primis diebus petant fundum, tempore procedente emergant.</cell><cell>495. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Supra & infra quomodo accipiendum inter partes ani-malis.</cell><cell>352. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Superius quot modis accipiatur ab Ariſtotele.</cell><cell>459. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Superius vt terra dicatur.</cell><cell>936. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Syllogiſmus accipit res à tempore, & loco abſtractas.</cell><cell>468. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Sympathiæ cauſſa.</cell><cell>404. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Syncategorema quid.</cell><cell>705. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Syndrome.</cell><cell>10. E</cell></row> <row><cell>T.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>TACTVS duplex.</cell><cell>326. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Tactus initia tria.</cell><cell>785. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Tactus non vniuſmodi in omni actione.</cell><cell>786. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Taedarum ortus.</cell><cell>642. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Tangere etiam de incorporeis.</cell><cell>258. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Tangit vnum quomodo.</cell><cell>339. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Tardum & velox vt ſe habeant ad motum, & tem-pus.</cell><cell>870. G</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Τῇ φύςEI</foreign> quid.</cell><cell>242. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Teleſiani notantur.</cell><cell>20. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Temperies æqualis eſt in tactu.</cell><cell>384. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Temperies quid.</cell><cell>807. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Temperamentum in quo genere qualitatis.</cell><cell>809. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Temperata eſſe diuturniora.</cell><cell>635. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempeſtatum viciſsitudo ſit'ne à fato.</cell><cell>621. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempus idem ac dignitas.</cell><cell>17. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempus in motu quibus de cauſsis.</cell><cell>141. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempus ſubſtantiæ prius quàm qualitati conuenire.</cell><cell>156. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempus ad generationem ſubſtantiæ per ſe pertine-re.</cell><cell>158. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Temporis termini quomodo ſumantur.</cell><cell>197. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempori non eſſe ſubiectum permanens, quatenus per-manens.</cell><cell>200. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempus ab omnibus Platone excepto, ponitur ante mun-di ortum.</cell><cell>817. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempus nunquam interire.</cell><cell>817. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Temporis definitio.</cell><cell>876. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempus quomodo cognoſcitur per inſtans.</cell><cell>877. B</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Tempus ſit ne infinitum.</cell><cell>877. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempori cur interitus potius adſcribatur quàm or-tus.</cell><cell>880. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempori quæ ſint obnoxia propriè.</cell><cell>584. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Temporis definitio per notiora.</cell><cell>886. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Tempus non diſtingui numero per ſubiecta.</cell><cell>889. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Tendere ad formam & ad materiam quid.</cell><cell>181. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Tendere ad contrarium imperfectum vt ſit ſecundum naturam.</cell><cell>182. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini non fundantur externo, ſed eo cuius ſunt.</cell><cell>110. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminus motus quid.</cell><cell>151. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminus à quo diſtat à forma.</cell><cell>153. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminorum à quo & ad quem conuenientia.</cell><cell>153. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminus in generatione bifariam.</cell><cell>167. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini continuorum qui, & quomodo ſe habeant.</cell><cell>197. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminum à quo pertinere ad eſſentiam motus.</cell><cell>202. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminos vtroſque complere eſſentiam motus & ad id erecta demonſtratio.</cell><cell>202. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminum ad quem magis pertinere ad eſſentiam mo-tus quam terminum à quo.</cell><cell>202. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini ad quem acquiſitio natura prior.</cell><cell>203. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini à quo amiſsio origine prior.</cell><cell>203. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminus à quo cur omittitur in ſtatuenda repugnan-tia.</cell><cell>203. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini motus perfecti, vel imperfecti.</cell><cell>261. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini motus vt ſint ad aliquid.</cell><cell>217. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini motus vt ſint contrarij.</cell><cell>217. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminus & finis diſtinguuntur.</cell><cell>385. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminus non continuatur cum eo, cuius eſt termi-nus.</cell><cell>424. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminus non eſſe in loco.</cell><cell>427. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminorum cauſſa duplex.</cell><cell>675. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini primi & ſecundi actus.</cell><cell>765. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Termini poteſtatis ſecundæ.</cell><cell>765. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Terminatiuè cognoſcere quid.</cell><cell>968. F</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Θερμὸν</foreign> ambigua vox.</cell><cell>742. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Terra ex puncta è numero principiorum.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Terra ab Heſiodo, & Pherecyde conſtituta princi-pium.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Terræ magnum momentum in omni motu.</cell><cell>444. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Terra vt circulo feratur apud Pythagoreos.</cell><cell>444. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Terræ locum eſſe medium.</cell><cell>456. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Terra miſera dicta.</cell><cell>896. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Terra non eſt ſuper quo cœlum quieſcit per ſe.</cell><cell>936. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Tertius Phyſicus obnoxius ſeripturæ varietati.</cell><cell>127. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Tertij Phyſicorum locus explanatus.</cell><cell>127. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Tethys diamater.</cell><cell>112. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Thaletis Mileſij ſententia de terræ quiete.</cell><cell>445. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Themiſtij ſententia de terminis mutationum.</cell><cell>196. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Theodori interpretatio notata.</cell><cell>193 C</cell></row> <row><cell>Theonis de terræ quiete opinio.</cell><cell>447. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Theophraſti philoſophia.</cell><cell>40. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Theophraſti nota de probatione principiorum.</cell><cell>42. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Theoremata & problemata in Mathematicis abſolui re-ſolutione.</cell><cell>98. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Timęus terram circum centrum volut profitetur.</cell><cell>445. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Timęi ſententia de ortu mundi ab Ariſtotele immu-tata.</cell><cell>911. C</cell></row> <row><cell><foreign lang="grc">Το δ' ετί</foreign> de figura prędicatur.</cell><cell>742. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Toleti ſententia de demonſtratione VI. Phyſ.</cell><cell>210. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Toleti ſententia de terminis motuum.</cell><cell>216. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Tormentorum bellicorum motus.</cell><cell>479. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Totum nobis notius.</cell><cell>36. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Totum vt ſit ſuæ partes.</cell><cell>330. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Totum multiplex.</cell><cell>498. F 705. D 892. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Totum vt in generatione mutetur.</cell><cell>566. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Totum quomodo apud Græcos.</cell><cell>598. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Totum vt forma.</cell><cell>994. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Tractus eſt motus ſecundum naturam.</cell><cell>372. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Transferri dupliciter contingit.</cell><cell>429. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Trepidationis cauſſa quorundam ſententia.</cell><cell>445. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Trepidationis termini qui.</cell><cell>453. B</cell></row> <row><cell>V.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>VACVVM non tollere motum naturalem.</cell><cell>345. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vacuum efficiat'ne mutationem in pleno, an plenum motum in vacuo.</cell><cell>357. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Vacuum vt habet vim trahendi.</cell><cell>436. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Vacuo naturo obſtat dupliciter.</cell><cell>721. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Valeriolę ſententia.</cell><cell>805. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vaſis & ſoci differentiæ.</cell><cell>442. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Vaſa non picata vt trahunt.</cell><cell>487. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vas vt impleatur cum ſpiritu exinanitur.</cell><cell>489. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vas vt exinamatur, cum ſpiritu impletur.</cell><cell>489. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vbi quomodo differt à loco.</cell><cell>432. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Vbi externum ſimul, & internum.</cell><cell>433. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Velocitatis variæ cauſſæ.</cell><cell>416. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Velox, & tardum ſint'ne modi, an differentiæ mo-tus.</cell><cell>219. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Velox quid.</cell><cell>508. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Velox, & tardum vt ſe habeant ad tempus & mo-tum.</cell><cell>870. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Venti duas eſſe partes.</cell><cell>413. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Venus quid.</cell><cell>990. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Verorum demonſtratio eſt confutatio falſorum.</cell><cell>38. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Verum duplex.</cell><cell>595. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Veſtes nouæ cur minus opprimant.</cell><cell>480. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Veteres accuſati quod formam neglexerint.</cell><cell>27. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Veterum ſententiæ cur tractandæ.</cell><cell>38. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Via à notis nobis.</cell><cell>11. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Via multis modis.</cell><cell>95. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Via accipit nota.</cell><cell>96. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Via nobis innata quę ſit.</cell><cell>96. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Via doctrinæ.</cell><cell>97. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Via diuidens communiter & propriè.</cell><cell>97. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Via ab obiectis ad functiones componens.</cell><cell>97. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Via à functionibus ad facultates reſoluens.</cell><cell>97. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Via & ordo quibus differant.</cell><cell>102. E 103. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Via non habet vim inferendi.</cell><cell>104. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Via ſyllogiſtica continet vim inferendi.</cell><cell>105. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Via non eſt affectio ad ſcientiam.</cell><cell>107. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Via & ordo non dicuntur naturales, aut Mathema-tici.</cell><cell>107. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Viæ, partes, & modi non faciunt ſpeciem.</cell><cell>140. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Via à notis nobis ab Ariſt. frequentius vſurpata.</cell><cell>453. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Viciſsitudinis cauſſæ in natura.</cell><cell>182. G H</cell></row> <row><cell>Viciſsitudines rerum naturalium ex cęlo.</cell><cell>65. C 843. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Villi ab Ariſtotele exploſi.</cell><cell>487. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vinum cur ab aqua marina conſeruetur.</cell><cell>659. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vinum vt calidum.</cell><cell>756. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Violentia, & robur quid.</cell><cell>508. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Violens aliquando pręcedere naturali.</cell><cell>369. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Violenti definitio.</cell><cell>369. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Viri ſubmerſi cur elato pectore enatent.</cell><cell>495. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Virorum inſignium patrocinium à Diis ſuſceptum.</cell><cell>974. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Virtutes rerum vt quantitati ſint obnoxiæ.</cell><cell>501. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Virtutes, & ſcientiæ homine meliores.</cell><cell>745. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Virtus, & habitus in elemento quomodo diſtinguun-tur.</cell><cell>752. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Virtus in materia quomodo mouet in minore tem-pore.</cell><cell>933. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vita motus quidam.</cell><cell>233. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vita accidens animæ.</cell><cell>233. D 925. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Vita quid.</cell><cell>633. C 711. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Viuentis eſt conſtitutio duplex.</cell><cell>711. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vitium commune veterum philoſophorum.</cell><cell>19. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Vitium opponi vitio magis, quam virtuti.</cell><cell>771. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vitium vitio tolli magis quàm virtute.</cell><cell>771. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vltimum eſſe & non eſſe cur ita dicantur.</cell><cell>164. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Vltimum motus dari.</cell><cell>197. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum ad tendere eſt tendere ad formam.</cell><cell>27. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum omnes infinitum pręter Heraclitum poſue-re.</cell><cell>112. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum ponentes vt materiam Deos euertunt.</cell><cell>113. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum ad numerum in motu vt ſumendum.</cell><cell>204. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum è pluribus quot modis fiat.</cell><cell>350. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum ex actu & poteſtate fieri principium eſt.</cell><cell>364. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum ex actu & poteſtate fieri, vt demonſtretur.</cell><cell>364. G 595. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum vni oppoſitum quomodo.</cell><cell>472. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnius corporis ſimplicis vnicus, vt ſit motus.</cell><cell>477. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum per indifferentiam.</cell><cell>555. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum numero vnde.</cell><cell>562. H</cell></row> <pb></pb> <row><cell>Vnum numero quot modis.</cell><cell>736. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum, & primum quo differant.</cell><cell>850. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Vnum ab vno vt appetatur.</cell><cell>957. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniforme multis modis.</cell><cell>379. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniformium forma latet magis, quàm difformium.</cell><cell>685. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniformium operationes quæ.</cell><cell>686. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuerſale ſecundum naturum, & ſecundum ratio-nem.</cell><cell>38. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuerſale duplex.</cell><cell>80. E 522. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuerſale quid proximè ſignificet.</cell><cell>593. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuerſale, & indiuiduum multiplex.</cell><cell>987. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuerſitas & eſſentia.</cell><cell>565. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuerſitas vt ad materiam pertineat.</cell><cell>565. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuerſitas cauſſarum quomodo ſe habeat.</cell><cell>1005. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuocæ cauſſæ ſint'ne præſtantiores effectibus.</cell><cell>28. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuoca per ſe ſolum, ſimile producere.</cell><cell>29. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuocum quid.</cell><cell>89. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuoca, & ambigua non carere medio.</cell><cell>90. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuoca eſſe in materia.</cell><cell>138. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuocum internum dici, & externum quod non vni-uocum.</cell><cell>195. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vniuocarum conditiones.</cell><cell>565. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Voces de loco ſuperiori magis exaudiri.</cell><cell>479. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Voluntas humana poteſt in fatum.</cell><cell>625. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Voluntas in mentibus & cęlo ambiguè.</cell><cell>835. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Voluntas in mentibus beatis quæ.</cell><cell>970. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Vſus quis afferat præſtantiam.</cell><cell>1001. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Vtilitas &</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>Vtile vnde nota.</cell><cell>1000. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Vtens, & finis quomodo differunt.</cell><cell>350. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Vti, & imperare quomodo diſtinguuntur.</cell><cell>1000. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Vti pluribus modis.</cell><cell>1000. F</cell></row> <row><cell>Vtres ſint'ne pleni grauiores.</cell><cell>485. C</cell></row> <row><cell>Vulcanus cur Veneris vir.</cell><cell>710. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Vulcanus quid.</cell><cell>999. A</cell></row> <row><cell>Vulua cur interiore parte ſit aſpera.</cell><cell>487. B</cell></row> <row><cell>X.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>XENOPHANES & Parmenides notati.</cell><cell>6. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Xenophanis ratio contra motum.</cell><cell>108. H</cell></row> <row><cell>Xenophanis opinio de quiete terræ.</cell><cell>445. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Xenophontis dictum.</cell><cell>1001. D</cell></row> <row><cell>Z.</cell><cell></cell></row> <row><cell>ZENO confutatur ab Ariſt. vt à philoſopho na-turali.</cell><cell>108. G</cell></row> <row><cell>Zenonis rationes animaduerſæ.</cell><cell>110. E</cell></row> <row><cell>Zimara notatur de quæſtione ſit'ne res.</cell><cell>273. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Zimaræ opinio de modo quo mouet finis.</cell><cell>399. B</cell></row> <row><cell>Zona torrida omnibus humilior.</cell><cell>467. D</cell></row></table> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>FINIS.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <figure></figure><pb></pb> <p type="head"> <s>REGISTRVM.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>ab<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTVXYZ.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo <expan abbr="p̨p̨">propter</expan>Qq Rr Sſ Tt <lb></lb>Vu Xx Yy Zz.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aaa Bbb Ccc Ddd Eee Fff Ggg Hhh Iii Kkk Lll Mmm Nnn Ooo <lb></lb>Ppp Qqq Rrr Sſſ Ttt Vuu Xxx Yyy Zzz.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Aaaa Bbbb Cccc Dddd Eeee Ffff Gggg Hhhh Iiii Kkkk Llll <lb></lb>Mmmm Nnnn Oooo Pppp Qqqq Rrrr.</s></p> <p type="main"> <s>Omnia ſunt Terniones, pręter <emph type="italics"></emph>a<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> quod eſt Duernio, <lb></lb>& Pppp quod eſt Quaternio.</s></p> <figure></figure> <figure></figure> <p type="main"> <s>FLORENTIAE, <lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>In Officina Bartholomæi Sermartellij.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p> <p type="main"> <s>MDXCI.<lb></lb> </s></p></chap></body><back></back></text></archimedes>